THE

ENGLISH

RBAL:

Hiftory of P L A N ;i s.

CONTAINING

t. Their Names, Greek, Lathe and Engli/b
XI. Their Species, or various Kinds.

III. Their Defcriptions.

IV. Their Places of Growth.

V. Their Times of Flowering and Seeding.

Vi. Their Qualities or Properties.

VII. Their Specitications.

VIII. Their Preparations, Galenick and Chymick

IX. Their Virtues and Ufes.

^ ^ Complete P lorilegiu m of all the Choice

FLOWERS Cultivated by our FLORISTS, interfperfed
through the whole Work, in their proper Places , where you have
their Cnltnn, Choice , Increafe, and W<ty of Management, as well for

Profit as Delegation.

ICONS or FLUKES

Species, reprefeuting to the LIFE, the true Forms of thofc fever al
The whole in an Alphabetical Older.

By William Salmon, M.D.

LONDON:

Printed bv I. D A w K s, for H. RH o D e s, at the Star , the Corner of^Bfde^e, in
Fleet-Street' ; and J. T A Y L O R, at the Ship in Patcr-notfer-Row. M. Dec. .

•

•

■ ■

. r

TO THE

L '

Madam,

I Account it more a Duty than a P refumption, to appear
to Tour Majefty, though with fuch a Trifle as the fol-
lowing Book ; and therefore chofe to break through
that Difficulty, rather than to be guilty of fuch a Fault,
of letting flip any Opportunity in which I might let
Tour Majefty know, with what a Profound Refpecl I approach
Tour Great Prefence.

Our Great If and, which ever fince the Memory of Man,
has been divided into two diftind Kingdoms, of different
Names, Powers, Governments, Religions, Cuftoms, Affections and
Interefts, your Majefty has United and Made one. It was
what your Great and Royal Anceftors, with all their
Power and Induftry, were never able to perform : But
it was a Work, the Honour of which, the Supreme Powers re-
lerv’d for Ton. This UNION of the Britifh Nations, was an
Undertaking fo Great in its Performance, fo Nolle in its Kind,
fo Admirable in its Effects, fo Defirable in its Good, lb Singular
in its Appearances, and fo Profound in its Struct are ; that none
could have been able to have done it, but a Greatnefs of Mind
like Tours : One of a Superlative Prudence and Refolution, of
an Unwearied Induftry, of an Unmatcbable zn&Unfbaken Zeal for
the Publick Good ; of a Magnanimous Soul, lnfpird with the
Holy Spirit of the Immortal GOD.

You have Madam by this UNION, fhut up the Back-Door,
by which Great Britain was always liable to be Allaulted ;
and thereby have added a Jewel more to the Imperial Crown
and Adorn'd it with an Illuftration, the Greatdland moft

defirable

THE DEDICATION.

defirable in its Kind, which will be, both to the Britijb lfles,
and to Tour Majefiy alfo, not only an Important Security , but
an Everlajling Ornament of Glory.

Surely Madam , You who could Unite Hearts in an Eternal
Bond ofFriendfbip, was the molt fit Inltrument to Unite King-
doms in one Bond of Intereft and Duty. To make thole wiro
were fo different in Climate , Sovereignty , Religion and Manners,
One People, in the Bonds of Nature and Affection : And to
make them, with one Joint Defign, Intention and Will, to become
One United and Faithful People, to fo Defirable and Generous a
Miltrefs. But what might not be expe6ted from fuch a
Lady, fo Great and fo Good a fheen ? Whole Conjugal Friendjhip
was, and is ftill the Wonder of Mankind , (a Noble Pattern
to all the Sex) which exceeded even to Admiration, what-
ever has been yet feen upon Earth : Who is it that has
Senfe and Gratitude in his Soul, would not even lay down
his Life for luch a Friend ?

When I confider the Admirable Hand of Providence,
which has brought Your Majefty to the Throne of the
Britijh Kingdoms, and has put their Crowns upon Tour Im-
perial Head, which has made Glorious Tour Reign, with a Series
of Wonderful Succejfes, and even Amafing Victories, over the
Mofi Formidable Tyrant of the Earth ; rendring his mighty At-
tempts againft You, Vain and Foolifb ■, notvvithftanding his
Confederacy with Defbru&ion, his Covenant with Death,
and h s Agreement with Hell * to the Delivering You
and Your People out of his Snare, and the Eltablifhing of
Tour Jufi Title, upon Everlafting Foundations, again!? all
Pretenders whatfoever : I humbly proftrate my felf to that
Tremendous Being.

What can I fay, but that G 0 D is with You, and that
You are an Efpecial Objett of his Care, who thus ftedfallly
holds Toil as in the Palm of his Hand : Tour Sincerity, and
Generous Love to Mankind, have prevail’d with that
Almighty Power, who has given Toil a Tranfcendent Portion of
Wifdom, to Conduct Tow through the Labyrinths of Dominion
and Government ; even whilft Toil have been Fighting the
Publick Enemy of all Ell ROPE; and putting a Hook into
his Jaws, by which Ton have already Tamed the Monfter,
fill d him with Shame and Contempt, and cover’d him
with Confufion of Face.

What may I call the Inflrumerits of Your Warfare, which
have made Ton thus to prevail { Who is it that has fet Tour

Feet

THE DEDICATION.

Feet upon the Necks of Ton r Enemies, and given Ton Strength
to humble the P ride of tbs Lefty ? Who is it that has Efta-
bliihed Tour Strength, to break in Pieces the Invincible Powers,
(as they were Foolilhly called,) by which You have given
a Demondration to the World, of that Prophaniiy and
Vanity ? Who is it that lids thus made Tour Majefty to Tri-
umph, and adorned you with the Palms of Vidory ?

Tis the Great and the Holy One, the Mighty God of Jacob,
who has done all thele things for Ton ■, to whom 1 make
my Daily Addrcjfes, that he may yet Defend and Support
the Righteous Caufe in which Ton are engaged j Dire It Tour
Coanfels with Wifdom and Prudence 5 Profper Tour Arms
wherever they are engaged ; and that the Angel of his [Te- •
fence -may Attend and Conduct Tou in all Tour Ways : So
that making Tou the Reflorer of the Breaches, You may Eda-
blilh fuch an Univerlal Peace in Europe ,as may Recognize
Tour Happy Reign, and caufe it to Ihine with a molt R'e-
fplendent Luftre, to all Succeeding Ages of Time.

You Contemn Madam, the Poor and Little Artifices of
Tyrants -, You have a Soul too Great to think of fuch
Meannefs, and a Spirit too Noble for the bare Thoughts
of fuch Depraved Vilenefs : You ad with the Magnificence
of Grandure, made Illultrious with Piety, and an Unbounded
Goodnefs, repleat with all the Ornaments of Sincerity and
Vertue, by which You will Live in After-Ages, and Tour
Name be made Immortal. So that inltead of the Diadems
being an Honour to Tour Majefty, You are become the
Exalted Honour of Royalty, and the Glory of the Purple ;
which makes Tour Sovereignty Shine as the mod Splendid
Brightnefe, among the Heroes of Time.

GOD has not only made You a Great ffheen, but even
the Greateft of Princes and Tour Early Piety, as it has.ad-
vanced Tou above the bed of Women Kind ; fo it has Exalted
Tou above the Greateft of Cromed Heads. Your Vertues
merit a perpetual Encomium, and your Excelling Goodnefs to
your People, is that which is never to be forgotten ^ whom
you have been pleas’d to Oblige with Tranfcertdent Ads of
Kindnefs j fo Extraordinary and Superlative in their kind,
as all Succeeding Generations, under an Eternal Senfe of Grati-
tude, will be forced for ever to acknowledge.

You carry with Tou Madam, Majedy and Honour, and
Tour Sword determines the Stucejfes of War, making with
Tour Thunder, the World afraid ; giving Laws as far as

Tour

T» HE DEDICATION.

Tour Dreaded Name does reach ; which makes the Tyrants
of the Earth, thofe Barbarous Murtherers of Mankind to trem-
ble, and a [frightens the Obfepious Slaves to Villon y. Tour
Triumphs are not in the Ruin of Nations and Kingdoms,
not in Victories of Blood and Cruelty, not for Domi-
nion ynd Sovereignty 5 but to give Ereedom and Eafe to

• Mankind, and let ‘the World at Liberty.

May the High and the Lofty One, the Almighty GOD,
He by whom Kings and fheens Reign, and Evinces decree
Juftice, give Tour Majefty a Long and a Happy Lite ; may
He Prolong it to an AccompliJVd Period, for the Good of
Tour People, to whom Tou have lhewn Tour' Self l'o exceed-

• ingly Kind. May he Blefs Tou with Profperity, and give
Tou that inward Conflation and Peace of Mind, which may as
Infinitely exceed all the Enjoyments of this Life, how
Great and Magnificent lbever, as the Heavens are high above
the Earth ; and make Tour Great and Illufirious Soul, enjoy the
Fullnefs of Satisfactions, to the lUtmate of whatever Tou-
can defire. So that Crowning Tou with Glory and Honour
here, Tou may very late Afcend, as on Eagles Wings, to
thofe Eternally Serene Habitations of Peace and Tran-
quility/where Tou may be for ever Tranlcendently Happy.
So Ardently Prays

Madam,

Your Majefties
■Mod Humble,

Moll Faithful,

AND

Mod Obedient
Subject and Servant,

WILLIAM S ALAI ON.

T H E

PREFACE

OR,--

i

INTRODUCTION.

, - •

CHAP. I. Of the W 0 R K it felf.

T -w- -"wr -y* E Pretend not here to an
■* * /• / . univerfal Hiftory of Plants,

^ ^ / but chiefly to fucb as are

mV %/ moji Known , Virtuous ,

^ ^ Experimented ,

Ufeftd in Phyfick. *T/t a fyg/j/y of \Jfe for
Phyficians, Chyrurgians, W Apothecaries, tf/zi
jfrr their Sakes , and the Pub lick Good it was prin-
0 ci pally Deflgned and Intended.

II. As to the Authors made ufe of in this Under-
taking^ we fhall not be Jo vain as to enumerate them
all , 't would be to no Purpofe •, and yet it will be
Necejfary for the Credit of the Book , to give you
an Account of the Chief of thofe , in Treating of
each Plant , a thofe Leaves we were obliged continu-
ally to turn over.

III. The Authors we made mod ufe of in Com-
poflng this Herbal, were thefe following , viz.
Bauhinus, Brunfelfius, CaTaipinus, Camerarius,
Clufius, Diofcorides, Dodonsus, Durantes, Fuch-
fius, Johnfon on Gerard, Lobel and Pena, Loni-
cerus, Lugdunenfis, Matthiolus, Parkinfon, Ruel-
lius, Schroder, Tabernaimont3nus, ‘Theophraftus,
and Tragus. Thefe, I fay , were thofe which were
chiefly confulted , and without whom. \ we paffed not
off from the Difcourfe of any Plant : But we cannot
fay thefe were all , for octafionally as it fell in our
way , and where fome particular Occurrences requi-
red it, we had recourfe to many others, more than
twice that number befldes, without the Help of
which we could not have fo Qompleatly performed
what we here Are font you withall.

IV. As to the Hiflorical Part , we could not much
deviate, but were obliged to follow the mo ft cele-
brated Authors of this Subjell , viz. in their Karnes,
Kinds , Defcriptions, Places of Growth ,' and Times
of P lowering and Seeding. In their Names, we
have given you the moft ufual, and thofe chiefly by
which the Plant ( in all Ages ) has been moft known
and called , whether Arabick, Greek, Latine, or
Englifll •, in doing of zvhich , we hope we have in
feme meafure rettified * the Latine Nomenclature,
which, even in all our Dictionaries, has hitherto
been very Faulty and ImpeYfcZL

V. As to the Kinds of any Plant, we own we
have not given you all that you will flnd in Parkin-
fon, and many other Authors , becaufe thofe which
we have Omitted, an Englifll Reader , may not pof-
flbly come to the Knowledge or Sight of in many
Ages , they growing in Foreign and Far-diflant
Countries, as Turkey, Perfia, Eaft India, the Mo-
luccas, China, Lfc. Befldes, having no known Vir-
tues or Ufes afligned to them , but only their Names
and Defcriptions , we thought they would only take
up room, and rather encumber the Book, than add
any real Excellency or Advantage fo it -, ccnfidering
it was chiefly deflgned for the Benefit and Ufe of the
Pr attic al Phyfician.

VI. As to the Defcriptions , zee fay they are the
fame as in other Authors, little or nothing differ-
ing from thofe in Bauhin, Clufius, Dodona:us,
Fuchfius, Gerard, Johnfon, Lugdunenfis, Matthi-
olus, Parkinfon, Taberna’tnontanus, and Tragus :
But we have almofl every where revers'd the Or-
der of Defcribing -, for whereas they many times be-
gin at the top or upper parts of a Plant, and fo go
downwards to the Root, zee on the contrary, gene-
rally begin at the Root, firfl Defcribing it, and fo
afeend upwards to its Stalks, Leaves, Branches ,
Flowers and Seed, or Fruit, which we take to be
the mofl natural Order or Method.

VII. As to tlye Places of the Growth of Plants ,
they may be very uncertain, becaufe, zvbere they
have been found to Grow in great plenty, in former
Ages or Times, the footfteps of the fame Plant is
not to be found now. In fome places zvbere I have
found fever al Plants to Grow as Natives of the
fame, when l was a Louth, now in my prefent de-
clining Tears, there are no remainders of them to
be found. The iEgyptian Arum, or Pfeudocolo-
cafia, which zoe now call the Carolina F.ddo, (be-
caufe there every where planted) did formerly Grow
plentifully in .Egypt, which l fuppofe was its Na-
tive place of Growth, and was there planted for
their ufe in Me at s, and for Food : Nozv our late
Travellers fay, it has not for fome Ages been known
to Grow there at all. But ’ its pojfible. that it has
been negletted and difufed : Let 1 am of Opinion ,
that if it were diligently fought after, fome remains
of it might be found again. It grows in vaft plenty

a in

in Carolina, where it is a great part of their food
and Living -, but it profpers only as under the
Planters Hands -, for fhould they negleU it , it would
quickly be totally loft lti that Country too.

\ III. We have every where given the various
Qualities of each Plants by which an Efiimatc may
be given in Grofs , of their Virtues , and to what
Di / cafes they may be properly apply ed, or may be
helpful again/} : The confideration of which alone ,
is of mighty a Vfe to the P radical Phyfician 'becauje
they indicate to the Mind or Underfianding, to
what various Purpofes and Intents they may be
converted , and in what Difeafes they may be fpe-
cijical/y ufeful.

IX. How thefe Qualities are to be apply ed to
Difeafes , may be eafily exemplified : I know it may
be objdled% by fuch as are Ignorant of Medical
Qualities and Indications , that a great many Virtues
are aferibed to mofi Plants , for the Curing of Dif-
eafes , which they can never perform , nor any Au-
thor before ever ftgnified : To which 1 anfwer
That l do not affirm nor J 'ay , that every Herb is a
Specifick for the Cure of all Difeafes , which in the
part icular Preparations and Virtues thereof I may
aferibe to it ■, but he that reads me , ought to read
me with a Medical Mind , or Soul , and with a
good Underfianding -, I toil l exemplify the Matter.
Suppofe it to be Rofemary. As to its firfi Quali-
ties , it is Hot and Dry in the third Degree -, and
that it is Cephalic k, Neurotic k, Stomatick , Alexi-
pharmick : from thefe Qualities , we conclude that
it mu ft be helpful again/} all cold and, moif} Difeafes,
of the Head, Brain, Nerves, Stomach , and Poifon
then when we conftder what Difeafes are apt to
affiifl thofe parts, from a hot and dry Caufe, we fix
the Virtues to be fuch ns may refill thofe Difeafes ,
not to be an abfolute and fpecifick Cure for the fame ,
but to be very helpful in thofe Cafes , and fo may
be drawn into Compofitions, with other Ingredients
for the fame purpofes. And thus I defire every
Genuine Son of Art to underfland me. What I
have faid in this Paragraph, may be of admirable
Ufe, if it be rightly underflood and apply ed.

X. Thro'* the whole Book in every Chapter , we
have given you the various Preparations of each
Plant, both Gale nick and Chymick, which may be
made of them, which is a thing never performed by
any other Author before me. This being rightly
confidered , gives you the whole Refult of the Plant,
and in a few Words teaches you how it is to be ufed
and applyed, in all the Cafes , and to all the Diftem-
pers to which it may be appropriated : But that this
may be more perfectly under Hood, we particularly
Exemplify the wlx>/c thereof, in this prefent Intro-
duction ■, in thofe fever al Forms, both Galcnick and
Chymick , and that to the Capacities of fuch as are
Ignorant of the Medical Arts.

XI. Having done all this , when we come to ex-
plicate upon the Virtues, we do not give you the Vir-
tues of the Plant in Grofs (for that is before done
in its Specification') but Jhew you particularly, how
all thefe fever al Preparations are ( in every Difeafe)
to be ufed and applyed, which as it never was done
before me, by any other Author, fo I think it is of
univerfal Ufe in the Art and Prallite of Phyfick :

It is performed fo as to anfwer every particular
and fingular Preparation, and in a Stile fo full and
plain, that the meanejl Underfianding cannot eafily
mifiake me •, by which means it is accommodated to
the Ufe of the Vulgar , tho ’ they under ft and little
or nothing of the Art of Phyfick.

XII. The loft thing which Ifhall here take not ici
of, is more matter of Ornament, than any thing of
Neceffity, which I have done for the fakes of all
fuch as arc lovers of Flowers, and of a Flower-
Garden : It is a comp le at F LOR I L EG IU Al,
of all or mo ft of the Choice Flowers, which are Cul-
tivated in England by our FLORISTS : This is
not done as a particular Work by it felf, but is
interfperfed thro ’ the whole Book, each Flower in
its proper place of the Alphabet ^ where you will
have their Culture, Choice, Increafe, and fcveral
ways of Management, as well for Profit as De-
legation ■, a noble Subjctf it is, but never brought
into any Herbal before this.

CHAP. II.

Of the Greek Names of Plants.

AT Firfi entrance upon this Work, we thought
to have given you the known Greek Names
of all the Herbs and Plants defenbed in this Her-
bal, in the order they were treated of ■, but finding
that it would have been too tedious a Labour ,* and
an Undertaking that would not have anfwcr’d the
End, and that withall, befides the taking up of
room, it would have mightily encombred the Dif-
courfe ■, we in a manner wholly declined the fame :
However, for the fakes of all fuch as are Lovers of <
the Greek Tongue, and defirous to call the Species
of each Plant by its proper Appellation in that Lan-
guage, we have in the body of this Work, given
you the known Greek Name or Names of each Ge-
nus, and the various La tine Epithites, by which the
differing Species of that Plant ought to be difiin-
guifhed -, by which , applying to thofe feveral and
various Latine Epithites, ( which are in this place
ranked Alphabetically ) the Greek Words answer-
ing to them, you will have the complicated Greek
Names, as full and comp leaf, as if we had fever ally
perfected them , in the order of their feveral
Chapters.

A.

i. Acer,’ cris, ere.

fj.ua, fid.

2. Aculeatus, a, tim.

X,iVT?Ul If, T fl, 70?.

KtVTHVKOf, Jt», KIV.

3- Agreffis, tis, te.

m/lvif, vt), vlv.

4. Agrius, a, um.

ta, ay.

$. Albus, a, um.

AiVKOf, x.tl, X.0V.

6. AnguftiK, a, um.
siv'oi, rn, yiy.

7. Anguftifolius, a, um.

/ •s-evopvM©-, ah, ao y.

8. Aquaticus, a, um.

6VU<f'&{, (JV .

vJi/.mNs, »(, if.

(flKvJ'tff, yy. |

9. Arboreus, a, um.

AtvJ'eynif, nr), Key.

10. Aromaticus, a, um.

dsvwmKi ft xn , K»y.

11. Ar-

INTRODUCTION.

14. Bambacinus, a, um

Ba^AKiva, VMt VOV.

If. Barbatus, a, um.

tumayav, yap, ycy.

1 6. Bafilicus, a, um.

B diixivify k», k'ov.

17. Benedi&us, a, um.

ivhoj H7cf» t«, tbV.

TM?, TES--

18. Bromofus, a, fum.

fyufxdS'nf, m, it.

19. Bulbofus, a, um.

if.

20. Byflinus, a, um.

flv<j<rir&f km, kok.

21. Csrulus, a, um.

0£tA«W07Xof, Xl), XsK.

22. CsErulsus, a, um.

xuctVs©-, K£cfc, VSIJ'.

23. CampeftriS, ris, re-

•7rcJicuQ-, 7a, toy.

24. Caninus, a,- um.-

XUV/Xof, xi$, KoV.

2$. Cavus, a, um.
x.o7\Q-, am, \ov.

2 6. Circularis, . ris, re.

KVKKlAot, Xll, Kit.

27. Communis, nis, ne.

Kiivit , KM, VOV.

28. Coronarius, ia, ium.

fljaVOTTAoK©-, XM, KOV.

29. Crematus, a, um.

<ff&tovuloft 7 M, 70V •

30. Cyaneus, a, um.

KWlKOf, XW, XOK.

31. Declivis, vis, ve.J

KATAV TMf, TMf, 7lf •

32. Denfus, a, um.

'WVXVOf, KM, VOV.

33. Dentatus, a, um.

cJbvjdJ'ilt, t1ft If-

34. Dulcis, cis, ce.

35. Duplex, lex, lex.

Jb r\i&, «M, ‘Sov.

Duplus, a, um..

c/VtaS's1, AM, a?/.
«/>7rAc*iM©-, I At toy.

57. Dumofus, a, um.

a’j^rOa/lK, >K, Ef.

58. Durus, a, um.

£>*<07, e*V.

OtH, vnii'.

51. Hirfimis, a, um.

Aa'cj©-. to, toy.

52. Hirtis, a, um.

Ju.ro f, t?a 1?.

53. Hortenfis, fis, fe.

unorvj\lt, to, Toy •

S4- Hortenlius, a, um.

gt, ejy.

X>Weu©-, 7rt, toy,

55. Humilis, lis, le.

WTHKof, Vfl, .0.,

56. Incanus, a, um.'

TTOhlOt, IU, toy.

57. Incomparabilis, lis, le.

58. Infrequens, ens, ens,

cn uyi&, la, toy.
tinSiit, rf, it.

59. Incultus, a, um.

60. Indicus, a, um.

QuotyuJof1, t\t, it.

62 , Juncifolius, a, um.

(^Mtvb?v?,}&, oSi, act.

IV

INTRODUCTION.

67. Latus, a, urn.

lupv't, f ha, fir.
«yA altiff 7UA, yd*

68. Litoralis, lis, le.
Litoreus, a, um.

atya.KuJ'rit, if, t{.

69. Lignofus, a, um.

§uA»«/»V> >if,

70. Longus, a, um.

p*x&{t ej* &v.
yji, ytv.

71. Luteus, a, um.

xx»e>f, g$», e»v.
KCSXMJ'Kf, Hf, ef.
ZctrQof, 0ij, 6ov.

£*> e/v*

M.

72. Maculofus, a, um;

furrr^ffir, a*, e)-'-

7,3. Magnus, a, um.

*44>af, ttAH, yti

74. Major, ior, ius.

aj, of.

79. Maximus, a, um.

(AtySr&f TH, TDf.

76. Marinus, a, um.

tA»/nf, Xnf, e*.

77. Maritimus, a, ura.

Qcthdr Ji&t let, of.
eAw/nf, /hj* JVf.

78. Mafculus, a, um.

oif/feV©-, 7d, 7of. ’ *

79. Mafculinus, a, ura.

dppiVIMf, X>), XOf.

80. Minor, nor, nus.

fiutv, uv, of.

WTT*r, ft'f, Of.
khATTUV, UV, Of.

81. Minimus, a, um.

«A*fc^V©-, TH, 70 fi

82. Montanus, a,- um.

osifof, f», pof.

8;. Multiplex, lex, lex.

TTO^Act'TAOOf, OH, OOf.

N.

84. Nemoralis, lis, le.

WWcTf©-, £*, g;p.
Ja J/iff, <Tnf,

89. Nemorenfis, is, e.

J'm, Ji(.
t/A/fof, fi),. v of.
i/*A/fifi®-, {xh, {/of.

86. Nemorofus, a, um.

^Aw'/iif, «Nf, /fef.

ctAfftu/nf, cfn*, JW«

87. Niger, gra, grum.

ftiKetf, KAIVA, Act.

88..Nothus, a, um.

foS®-, 9m, 0tf.

• 89. Nudus, a, um.

yvpvbi, y>), rof.
4'Aof, Ali, AOV.

P.

90. Palufter, triSj tre.
Paluftris, tris, tre.

6A«/n*, dllf, Af.

IA , /Of.

91. Parvus, a, um.

&v;

«Vr«A9f, AW, A of.

92. Planus, a um.

At/a^Hf,

93. Pratenfis, fis, fe.

Ai/pJr/©-, ;ft, /cf. .

94. Pumilus, a, um.

rap©-, vu, f of.

VAvaS'tit, J'nf, <Af-

99. Purpureus, a, um.

jreffv'fiof, ft«t, f*.

a

9«. Quadratus, a, um.

7irg$tp«f©-; fW) ysj-.

97. Quinquefolius, a, um.

ZftfTOf UAA@- , AH, Aefi

R.

9s* Racematus, a, um.

CoTfvuJ'nd J'nft j\(.

99. Ramofus, a, . um.

ifyuJ'Hf, Jne, A(.

*AuJilJ'H{, J'nf, J\{.

m\Jn\Atf'&, c/'h, Af.

100. Rarus, a, um^ quaji^ infrequens.

fw/®”, /«, ,0J/.

101. Repens, ens, ens.

•fmof, s>f, ey.

102. Rotundus, a, um.

r£?»t'A©-, AH, AOf.

1 03. Rubei, bra, brum.

104. Rubeus, a, um.

0ny, if,

s.

10;. Sativus, a, um.

xnmu7if, tv, 7vr*
erm?/(xQ-, p. » , ^cy,

10 6. Saxatilis, lis, le.

5n7£jt7©-, 7ce, 7of.

107. Scaber, bra, brum.

4“?<*A*(§^, 4rt, 4oy.

108. Serratus, a, um.

W£W«TOf, Tn'» TOf.

109. Siliquofus, a, um.

AoC.V'lK, Af. ./{<.

1 10. Simplex, lex, lex.

a^AtsV, a!?, aSV.

hi. Spicatus, a, um.

r?'i ©V.

Hi. Spinofus, a, um.

tti&.vQeiJ'Ht, J'tif, ft?,

113. Spurius, a, um.

VTmCKHT&t TH, fof.

1 14. Stellatus, a, um.

« rg/s/y, ewet, «f.

Ctr£f/XOf, *H, AOf.

1 1 5. Suavis, vis, ve.

h/vV, A7«t, /».

II«. Sylvefter, 7 .

Sylveftris, j tns’ tte'

o?hQ-, 4a, ttv.

T.

117. Tenuis, is, e.

AtTTJf, T^, 7»f.

1 1 8. Tenuifolius, a, um.

AlCTToyyAA®-, AH, Aey.

1 1 9. Teneftris, ris, re.

£*? fetiQ-, cSa, cuir.
t u, ur»

120. Terre-

V

INTRODUCTION.

120. Terrenus, a, um.

m.

• yAMZ, Kt), Jtof,

121. Tuberofus, a, um.

p,uvSrs, J'ltr, <hs.

V.

122. Verus,_ a, m

makShV, flitr, fit?.
rtA»9/i'or> p«, .pSr.

123. Vernalis, lis, le.
Vernus, a, um.

ieeffl'or, Pit, pSp.

124. Vulgaris, ris, re.

cTm?* «Af.
xe/pis-, VH, v'or.

/xov.

let, ttv>

CHAP. III.

Of the Firfl: Qualities of
MEDICINES.

1. 'T' H E Vitalities of Medicaments are fivefold',

X according , 1. To their Temperaments.

2. As they are Alteratives. 3. As they are Ap-
propriate. 4. As they Diminijh Something. 5; . As
they Add or Reft ore Something all which Vitalities
we come now to explicate in order.

II. The Temperaments of Medicaments are five-
fold,, confideredy 1. As they are perfettly Tem-
perate , viz. neither Hot nor Cold , Dry nor Moifi.
2. As they are Hot. 3. As they are Cold. 4. As
they are Dry. 5. As they are Moifi. In the four
laji of which , there are faid to be 4 Degrees , re-
ceding from their principal, ver. gr. An Herb which I
is Hot , may be hot in the firft, fecond , third, or
fourth Degree of heat. Again, from the four prime
Vitalities , theft alfo proceed, viz. that a Medica-
ment, 1. as it is Hot j may be hot and dry , ari&af and
moifi. 2. As it is Cold, alfo cold and dry , or cold
and moifi ■, and thefe likewife in all the four De-
grees of Temperature.

III. Temperate Medicaments are fuch which work
no change at all , in refpett of heat, coldnefs, dry-
nefs , or moifture.

And thefe may be Temperate in fame refpett.
I. As being neither hot nor cold , and yet may be
moift or dry. 2.* As being neither moifi nor dry ,
and yet may be hot or cold. Their Ufe is , where
there are no apparent Excejfes of the four other
Vitalities to preferve the Body Temperate , con-
ferve Strength , and refiore decayed Nature.

IV. Hot Medicaments (and fo alfo Cold) are
confidered in refpett of our Bodies , and not of them-
f elves : Yor thofe Simples are called Hot , which heat
our Bodies.

Their Vfes are , 1 . To make the offending Hu- *
mour thin , to be expelled by Sweaty or thro ’ the
Pores. 2. To help Concottion. 3. To warm and
comfort the Vifcera. 4. And by outward applica-
tion , to difeufs Tumors. 5. Or raife B/fiers ,
make Cauteries, Stc. according to the degrees of
Heat.

V. Cold Medicaments are fuch , as cool our Bodies
being over-heat , by any adventitious or accidental
Caufes.

Their Ufes are, 1 . To cool the Parts or Bowels.

2. To condenfe Vapours, 3. To thicken Humours.

4. To abate the heat of Yevers. 7. To refrejh the
Spirits almoft fujfocatei. 6. Allay Inflammations .
7. Reprefs Sweating. 8. Eafe violent Pains.

VI. Drying Medicaments, are fuch as make dry
the Parts overflowing with moifture.

They are ufed, 1 . To flop fluxes. 2. To firm fort
and dr eng then Nature. 3. To con fume a fuper -
fluity of Humours. 4. To fortify the Bowels.

5. To reft ore in Confumptions, where great fluxes
of the Bowels have been.

VII. Moift Medicaments, are fuch as are oppo -
fed to drying , which mofien, loofen , are lenitive ,
and make flippery.

They are ufed, 1. To moift en an over dry and
conflipated Habit of Body. 2. To eafe Coughing.

3. To help the roughnefs of the Wind- pipe. 4. To
loofen the Belly. $. To relax Parts com ratted Or
hardned.

VIII. Things hot in the Juft Degree, gently warm
the Body being over cooled , and outwardly open the
Pores. Hot in the fecond Degree as much exceed
the firft , as the firfl exceed Temperature , and
thefe cut tough Humours , open Obflruttions , and
the Pores alfo outwardly. Hot in the third Degree ,
more powerfully heat , and are able ( if much ufed )
to inflame the Body , and caufe Yevers , provoke
Sweat exceedingly , and reffi the malignity of the
Plague or Peftilence, and more powerfully aljo cut
tough Humours. Hot in the fourth Degree , burn
the Body if outwardly apply ed, raife Bliflers, cor-
rode the Skin.

IX. Things cold in the firfl Degree , qualify the
heat of the Stomach , and rejrejh the Spirit. Cold
in the fecond Degree, are chiefly of ufe to abate In-
flammations. Cold in the third Degree, are Reper-
cuffive, and drive back the Matter, reprefs Sweat ,
and keep the Spirits from Painting. Cold in the
fourth Degree, ftupify the Senfes, eafe violent
Pains, and are ufed in extream Watching f.

•

X. Things dry in the firfl Degree , Strengthen.
In the fecond Degree, Bind. In the third Degree,
flop Yluxes, and reftore in Confumptions. In the
fourth Degree, flop Catarrhs , and all Yluxes of
Blood and Humours ■, are highly Stiptick > and dry
up a fuper-abundancy of mofiure.

XI. Things moift in the firft Degree, are oppo -
fed to drying in the fame Degree : They'- moift en
the Body , and Parts dryed. In the fecond degree,
they Lenijy , loofen the Belly, and make flippery.
In the third, degree, they fmooth the roughnefs of
the Wind-pipe. In the fourth degree , they cure a
conftipation of the Bowels.

XII. Thus Medicines alter according to their
Temperature : Whofe attive Qualities are Heat
and Cold ; and by them Difeafes are faid to be era-
dicated. The Pajfive are drynefs and mofiure. and
they are fubfervient to Nature.

C H A R

VI

INTRODUCTION.

CHAP. IV.

Of the Second Qualities.

I. 'T' H E fecond Qualities of Medicaments are

J. fuch as are Alterative ; ahich alter the
Habit, and Confutation of the Body , as it has a re-
fpett to the Blood, Lympha, Serum, and other
Humours of the fame and tbefe Alteratives are
confldercd as they are Medicaments Internally ufed,
■or Externally applyed.

II. Of Internal Alteratives Authors have made
many Titles ; but the Whole of the Matter is com-
prehended under the thirteen following Appella-
tions, viz. I, Aperitives. 2. Abfterfives. ?. A-
lltingents. 4. Digeflives. 5. Incifives. 6. Car-
minatives. 7. Anodyns. 8. Narcoticks. 9. Be-
chicks. 1 0. Solutives. 11. Attenuaters. 12. Coa-
gulatives. ij. Confortatives.

III. Of External Alteratives) we have tbefe fol-
lowing fourteen , viz. Siypticks, Hemoptoicks", or
Antiiiimorrhagicks. 2. Anodyns. 5. Repercuf-
lives. 4. Difcuflives. 5. Emollients. 6. At-
traflives. 7. Suppuratives. 8. Corrofives, or
Pytoticks. 9. Digeltives. to. Abfterfives. ir.
Incarnatives. 12. Agglutinatives. 13. Cicatrizers.
14. Colmeticks : Of all which we Jhall treat in
order.

I. Of Internal ALTERATIVES.

IV. r. APERITIVES. Tbefe are fuch
Medicaments as open the Obftruttions of the
Vifcera, as Stomach, Lungs, Liver, Spleen, Glands,
Mefentery, lnteflines. Reins, and Womb. They
are all hot at leaf in the fecond Degree, for the
rnoji part in the third, and many times in the fourth
degree ; of very fib til and thin parts , for without
heat there can be no rarefaSion, and without ra-
refaSiont no opening of the obflruffcd Bowels.

V. 2. A B S T E R S I V E S. Tbefe are
cleanfers, which after opening Obftruflions of the
affefled Parts, clcanfe them, by taking away the
Recrements which' ob fir tilled them, being the fuper-
fluities of the Blood, Lympha, and other Juices,
and without which work be done, all that Aperi-
tives or Openers do, is done in vain. They have
a Jharpnefs and tenuity of Sub fiance, and it is not
any great matter whether they be Hot or Cold, by
reafon neither quality (if not ex ceffive) hinder their
Allien. They alfo remove glutinous and clammy
Humours in the Superficies , or adhering to the
Pores of the Skin and Ulcers.

y\ ?• ASTRINGENTS. Thefeare

Binders, and arc generally dry in the fecond and
third Degrees, whether they be hot or cold ; they
arc Siypticks, and in fome meafure conftipate 'the
Bowels tn fluxes , dry up fluxes of Humours help
Catarrh and flrengthen the Tone of the Stomach
and other Bowels, when over Lax, or weakned by
long Defluxions, over much nsoiflure , or the vehe-
mency of any inveterate Dfleafe ; and are therefore
often given in the end of a Cure.

VII. 4-DIGESTIVES. Thefeare fuch
as Loncott the Food in the Stomach , and are all na-
turally hot • for it is Heat which caufesVoncoQion ■
and excites the natural Fermentation in the Sto- '
mach, by which a good Chylus is made , in order to
Sanguification , and Nourifbment of the Body : let
fome things may caufe Digefiion , which are not na-
turally hot , but cold , and inay excite the natural,
heat, by way o/Antiperiftafis, whereby the fulphu-
reous F articles m tide Stomach are more fermented
and heat, or fet a boiling.

VIII. y. I N OI S I V E S. They are fuch
things as pierce into and cut tough Matter, which
is not cafy to be broken, or /operated into parts ;
Juf? ?rf Jfief of Lintons , Vinegar, and all acid thing s
which by their points enter into andmake a divifton,
not a dijfolution, whereby tough f/egm, and tortu-
rous or vifeous Matter, is prepared for Abjlerflves ,
and fo made fit either to be expei! orated by the
Mouth, or expelPd by Urine and Stool. Tbefe
whether hot ■ or cold , are of very thin and fubtil

IX. 6. CA R,M I N A T I V E S. Tbefe
are Medicaments which f plead, difeufs, or expel
Wind, and are generally hot and dry, and of very
thin and fubtil Parlf proper in Pains of the Sto-
mach and Bowels, the Cholick , and other Indifpo-
fitions whatever caufed of Wind, as Vapours fly.
pochondnack Pains, Hyftenck Fits, He. ’

X. . 7. ANODYNS, or PAREGORICKS.

Lheje are eafers of Vain ; which tbo ’ they do
not often Cure Difeafes, yet ad, in order there-
to, they regarding the Pain chiefly, while both Caufe
and Dtfeaje are remaining. They are of thin
ul'ani are ““frAtre/y hot, feldom exceeding
the firn Degree, and ratejaciem ; and fo Dige ft mg
ConcoUmg , Dijflpating, Extenuating, and m fame
meafure Evacuating, whatever Humour is fharp
tough, or grofs ; by it alcalious property abler bin'*
the acritude of the Matter, contain'd in any Cavity
or its Pores. ’

n v ■ i\,N1 A R C 0 T I C K S. Tbefe are
fiupijying Medicines, and eafe Pam, not by miti-
gatingu but by Stupifadion ; not by taking away
thei-aufe, but byObJlruflion of the Animal Spirits
for Stupor is fomething left than

Infenfibility, or the provocation of Senfe : They are
alfo called Hypnoticks ‘and Somnificks , becaufe
they induce Sleep. Thefe being taken too liberally
or to excefs, caufe Death, as all Opiates, if im-
moderately dofed. They are to be admin fired at
fuch times, when the Symptoms are fo grievous ns
to threaten a greater danger than the Difeafe. ’

XII. 9.BECHICKS. Thefe are fuch
as abate or eafe Coughing. And they are things
which tncrapte thin Humours, flop Defluxions,
and fo eafe the Cough, Narcoticks of the middle
kind, are agreeable to to the Breft and Lungs ■
which if they are co/d, they incraffate thin Humours'
and flop Coughing, and efpecially fuch as are much
Narcotick, or Slupifying : But fuch things as are hot
and of thin parts, and extenuating, which expeflo-
ratc lough Humours, oft'times eafe it.

XIII. 10. SOLUTI.VES. Thefe are
Loofmng Medicines, not fuch as are Purging, but
by their hot and motfi Qualities, keep the Body fo-
luble j they not only open the Pores of the Vifcera
or Entrails but in fome meafure removing Obflru.

tti07lfy

INTRODUCTION.

Sions , they open the infcrmr DuEtus of the Bow-
els ; as do Nitrous Salts, Soluble Salt of Tartar ,
Oat-Mcal,Jic. and this they may do , altho ’ they
may have fame fmall AftnUion , Fy nw/Jk <?/'

Subfiance, do not differ from ihofe which are Ab-
Jierjive , te degree. F b» thefe things which
cleanfe the Pores and inward Pa/fages, have a great
tenuity of Parts , and are moderately Aflritlive,
which cleanfe, and as it were feemingly Purge the
greater Paffages, yet withal/ Jirengthen the fame.
Some things are Soluble by Unifying, as Fat things -,
and fome by wajhing and abfterfion, as Whey, So-
lulive Waters, New Beer and Ale, &c.

XIV. ii. AT TEN U A TER S. Thefe
are fitch things as make thin, and are of hot and
thin Parts, and fo extenuate grofs and tough Hu-
mours, and are for the mofi part hot and dry in the
feconi and third degrees, as things Sharp, Picquant,
and Aromatical , generally they are firong provo -
kers of the Terms, becaufe they make the Blood
and Lympha, more thin and fluid : They alfo faci-
litate the Delivery of Women in Labour, bringing
forth both Birth and Afterbirth. Hereto belong
Inciders ofVifcid Humours , which arc more firong.
And Diffolvers of what is Grumous and Coagulated,
as Sal Volatile Oleofum, and all Alcalious and Vo-
latile Salts and Spirits. Alfo Extenuants, or wafers
of the Fat Subftance , and Grofs Parts of the Body.
And Laxatives, which are Solutives , and moderately
hot, moift, and thin. The ufe of Attenuating
Medicines, k previoufly in order to open the Ob-
llrulfions of the Bowels, Lungs, and Womb.

XV. 12. CO AG UL AT IVES. Thefe
are fuch as make thick, being contrary to thofe
things, which make thin or rarefy. They make
Rheum and Humours, tough and thick. ; and fo are
accounted either cold or temperate. They are gi-
ven in Colds, Coughs, and vehement Catarrhs and
Difli/lations, whereby the Flegm or Rheum being
coagulated or thickned, it is made more fit for Ex-
pdloration : They alfo take away the Jharpnefs of
the Blood and Lympha, and thicken it, 'whereby they
flop the overflowing of the Laches and Terms > in
Wqmen, and perfectly prevail againft a Diabetes.
They alfo flop too much Sweating, and the difpo-
fitionof the Spirits, which often happen to fuch as
are Weak, and in Confumptiens.

XVI. 13. CONF ORTA T IVES. Thefe
are Strengthened of the univerfal Man, of the
Spirits as well as the Body ; and are generally of
hot, dry, aftringing, and fubtil Parts, that they
may warm thofe Parts which are cold ; dry and con-
firm thofe which arc wcaknei by too much moift ure ;
bind or flop the too openefs of the Pores, by which
the Spirits arc dijfipated ; and of Jubtil and vola-
tile Parts, that they may unite with or join, the
Natural, Vital, and Animal Spirits, to revive and
exbilerate than. But fontetimes , when the Body is
i oeakned by heat and drynefs, cold things may be-
come Confortatives, by overcoming thofe Qualities
by which the Body k weakned ; and fo we fee the Spi-
rits and Oils o/Nitre, Salt, Sulphur, W Vitriol, .Lime
Juice, Juice ofLimons, 0V. Confortatives in the
bigheft degree, where the Body has been weakned
by HeClic and continual Fevers , and other hot and
dry Indijpo futons, not eafily to be expreffed in few
words.

II. Of External ALTERATIVE S.

XVII. 1. STYPTICKS, HiEMOPTOICKS,

or Antihxmorragicks. Thefe are fuch things , as
(hop Bleeding in what part of the Body foever. They
are for the mufl part cold , at leaf temperate , ex-
ceeding drying and repulfive : For things which are
cold , repel , and many of them coagulate \ or thicken \
and fo if they have a crajftudc of Parts , as things
acerb and aujlere. And Medicines vehemently dry -
irtg, which are A fringe nt, repel alfo , becaufe they
thicken the Blood and Lympha : Thefe , if they be
of thin parts , much conduce to Aft ri chon : Some
Stypticks have a craffjtudt of Body , jor which rea- .
fon they then cannct eafily penetrate the fnore re-
mote Parts , precluding the Paffages ■, therefore thofe
which have a thinnefs of Subflance, are rather to
be chafe n, unlefs the caufe Her in the fuperfeies,
as in all frefh and bleeding Wounds. Stypticks are
indeed the higheji Afringents , and Binders , and if
joined with Narcoticks , tranfeend in the higheji
degree.

XVIII. 2. ANODYNS , or PAREGORICKS.
Thefe are eafers of Pain ; and are moderately
hot , viz. in the firft degree , not much exceeding
temperate , and of thin Parts, and rarejacient : So
by opening the Pores , they Evacuate , Rarefy, Ex-
tenuate, Digeji , and Concctf equally enco ant ring
whatever Humour , is either Jharp , cold , grofs , or
tough , inhering in the Pores , or near adjacent
grieved Parts 5 which by reafon of the obftrutfion
of the Pores , could not find a way out ■, befides ,
they are aqueous or moifiening, and aereal or of
fubtil Subjlance , not in the leaf A flringent. But
there are fome Cold Anodyns, which are fuch as
give eafe in Tumours or Pains caiifed from great
heat. Again , Anodyns are faid to be Proper or
Improper. Proper, are fuch at we have already
been fpeaking of: Improper, are fuch as they call
Narcoticks, made of Opiates , Henbane , Hemlock ,
Mandrakes , Nightjhade , &c.

XIX. t REPERCUSSIVES. Thefe
are Repelling Medicaments, which drive back the
Humour. They are generally cold and drying , and
of grofs Parts for that which i s cold , repels , and
if it has a crajftude of Parts alfo , it alls with more
force , as that which is acerb or aultere. Thofe
things alfo repel which are Aftringent, if they have
alfo a tenuity of Parts , for the thinnefs of their.
Subjlance , does much conduce to AltrjUion. And
therefore other things which are Aftri&ive, by rea-
fon of the thicknefs of their Subjlance , cannot eafily
penetrate the more remote Parts , precluding the
PaJJages. And hereto Defenfatives, and Intercipi-
ents may be reduced , being Cold , AJlringent , and
Repulfive. Thefe , by their Coldnefs , repel the
Humour -, and by their Aftringency, Jirengthen the
Part ajfiifled.

XX. 4. DISCUSS IVES. Thefe are fuch as
refolve the Matter contained, in theP art. They are mo-
derately hot , with a tenuity of Parts , and very
little rejiccant or drying : For as Difcu (fives rare-
fy and make ibin9 caufwg the Matter to be dijfipa -
ted , fo excejfive heat does condenfate and dry \
whereas moderate heat opens the Pores , or Pajja-
ges , and deeply penetrating , by the tenuity of its
Subjlance , opens the Pores , attenuates the Matter ,
and fo eafes the Pain. Their ufe therefore is,
1. To open the Pores. 2, To attenuate the Matter ,

ct

viii INTRODUCTION.

cr make it thin and fluid. 5. And to evacuate it to, and are chiefly of ufe to make lffues or oven
for the mojl part by Perfpiration. Apoftems. ’ “

XXI. 5. EM OLLIENTS. T hefe are
fuel) things as mollify or /often any hard Tumour
or Part. Theft are generally hot and moift -, hot
in the fir It degree , and moift in the firft or fccond
degree. Their heat is a Tittle beyond the Propor-
tion of Nature, and they are of thin ani humid
Parts, that they may pierce into the Matter , and
mollify orfoften it. tor which reafon it is of ufe
in Strumous or Scirrhus Tumours, Oedema's, and
others of like Nature ; to /often the hardnefs, aqi
reduce it to its prifline heat : And thefe are either
Common, or Proper. 1. The Common are fuch
whofe general Operation is to J often hard Swellings,
and fuch parts and places of the Body, as are hard-
ned by Congelation. 1. The Proper, are fuch as
are applyei or appropriated to peculiar humours,
which being either hot or cold, the Emollient mutt
be oppofite to them, in thofe atlive Properties, but
retaining its due humidity,

XXII. 6. A TTR ACTIVES. Thefe
m e drawing Medicines, which attraU or draw the
Humours from the Center to the Circumference.
They are hot , and of thin Parts: for that which ts
hot, attralls, and that more Jlrongly, if it has con-
join'd with it a tenuity of Parts. Thofe which are
hot and dry in the fecond degree, moderately at-
tratl ; if in the third, more effetlually -, but mofi
thefe which are hot in the fourth, for the attraliion
is according to the ftrength or degree of heat : let
fome things dltrafi Specifically, ani not by any
manifeft Quality, as Emeticks, Catharticks, (He.
Thefe are contrary to Reparcuffives, for their Na-
ture is to drive from the Circumference to the Cen-
ter-, but Attraffives draw from the Center to the
Circumference. They arc of ufe in Wounds, made
by the Sitings of Mad Dogs, Serpents, and other
Poifanous Creatures 5 in Burnings, Venereal and
Peftilential Tumours, &c. where it is abfolutely ne-
cejfary to draw the Pofon and Malignity outwards,
in order to the faving of Life.

XXIII. 7. SUPPURATIVE S, or Matu-

ratives. Thefe turn intt Matter, contu/ed tlefh,
and Humours, as alfo the Subfiance, of which ma-
ny Tumours os- Swellings confift, and bring it to
perf eel ripenefs. They are- moderately hot, and
next to Emollients , yet differing in this, that Sup.
puratives have an Emplaffick faculty, where, by ob-
flruSing the Pores, they produce heat , mofi like
unto that of the Body , without any Confumption or
Addition of the Humidity. Thefe are friendly to
Nature, and confpire together with it, to bring
the fuperfluous Matter to form, and to fuch a
form , as that it may be feparated and cafi out,
pnd the afllifled Part thereby eafed.

XXIV. 8. PYROTICKS, or CORROSIVES.
Thef e are threefold. 1. Cathereticks. 2. Septicks.

9. Caufticks, or Efcharoticks. /. Cathereticks, or
Eater's. Thefe arc meanly ftrong ; they by their
corrofive Properties, confume Excrefccnctes , and cat
away proud ani dead F/efh. II. Septicks. They
are Corroftvcs , vehemently hot and dry , of thin
Parts, and confifience, which by their vehement
heat, c liquate the Part, and are callcdPutxehStNes-,
and their ufe is to draw Blifters ; thefe are Vefi-
catories. III. Caufticks, or Efcharoticks. Thefe
are vehemently hot and burning, being the firongeft
of all, fo that they confume all they come near.
They caufc Crufts upon the place they are applyei

XKV. 9. DIGESTIVES, \hcfe are
a kind of Maturatives , which bring laudable or
well digefted Pus, «• Matter, into Comdex or
contufed Wounds, ani ill natured eating Ulcers ■
without which the Pain can neither be taken away
nor the Wound or Ulcer healed, or a flop put to
the eating. Sec. Of thefe we have largely dt/courfei
in our Ars Chirurgica, where you may find a plen-
tiful number of Prefcnpts in exemplification tb-ie-
of.

XXVI. 10. ABSTERSIVES. Thefe are
Clcanfers , which feparate and remove the glutinous,
clammy, or putrid Mutter, adhering to Wounds and
Ulcers, which hinders their healing. They have a
power to exficcatc to/;/; tenuity of Subfiance ; and
they may be either hot or cold ; nor is is of any
great moment , which of them, by rerffon neither
Quality can hinder their aSion, except Exceftive.
Tet fome count them chiefly hot and drying, with a
certain thickncfs of Pans to com poll the Humours :
And bccaufe they cannot be defined, by either heat
or coldnejs , finer fame of both forts cleanfe , they
arc to be underfiooi to have a terrene Subfiance
which may take away the filth with them ; and muji
a certain roughnejs, or nitrous Quality , to cany
away the eompalled filth. J

XXVII. 11. SARCOTICKS, or Incar-
natives. Thefe generate Tlefh in hollow Wounds
and Ulcers, and fill up their cavities, as far as
Nature will admit. They are hot in the fij-fl de-
£ra'n- ll",e Deterfivei ani that without Biting or
Altnfhon. Alfo moderately drying, viz. under the
fec.ond degree. And fuch as Iinpinguate, or breed
Fat, are Healing, Nourijhing , lmpulfive, Attra-
ttive, Retentive, or Spcafick -, as Hemp-Seed, Pon-
der of Sareocol, Kernel of the Indian Nut. They
dry, and change the Blood that comes to any part
into Tlefh. Their degree of drynefs. mu ft be accord-
ing to the Part : If the Ulcer happens in a dry
part of the Body, the Sarcotick muft be very dry,
and therefore fome of. them are drying, even in the
fourth degree. But if the part of the Body ss moift
in which the Ulcer is, the lncarnatives are to be
lefts drying : They ought not to exceed the firft de-
gree, unlefs the Ulcer be very moift. They breed
not good Blood, nor correll the intemperature of
the place affefled ; they only defend the Blood from
ill Symptoms, and the Ulcer from Corruption in
breeding Tlefh ; for Nature in breeding Tlefh, pro-
duces either ferous or purulent Recrements, and
thefe Medicines which cleanfe ani confume thofe
Excrements, by their drying Quality, arc /aid to
breed Tlejb, becaufe by their help. Nature performs
that Office.

XXVIII. 12. AGGLUTINATIVE S.

Thefe are fuch as-glem the Lips of Wounds, and
feparated Parts together. They are alfo called
Symphitica, which is the reafon that Comfrv is cal-
led Symphitum, becaufe of ' its glewing Quality.
They are generally drying in the fecond degree ■
and are in a mean between lncarnatives, and Ci-
catrizers. They are not Ablterlive, but Aftringent,
and prohibit the T lux of Humours , to the Lips of
Wounds, V leers, and Ti fluids. They are tempe-
rate, in ref pell of heat, and of a thick Sub fiance.
By their drynefs, they abj. orb 1h.1t humidity, which
intervenes between the Lips of Wounds, that there-
by they may be conjoined : And that is the true

Cure

l

ix

INTRODUCTION.

Cure cf an Vlcer , which conjoins the fldes of an
Vlce)\ before brought together. *Aml V leers re-
quire a greater degree of drying than Wounds , not
only to confume what flows out } but alfo what re-
mains liquid in the hlefb.

XXIX. 13. CICATRIZERS, */■ F.pulo-
ticks. Thefe are fuel) things as skin a Wound ,
Sfl/r, or Vlcer. They dry and bind without biting $
abforbing the humidity of the Flejh , controlling it
with a Skin , or a thin Callus like unto a Skin^ and
therefore are more drying than Incarnatives or
Glutinatives : For thefe bind , contrail , conflipate ,
and indurate ; beiftg cold , and of a thick Sub fiance.
There is alfo a fharp and biting Epulotick, which
confumes dead Flejh , as Cathereticks ^ and a third
fort , which dries without aflrilfion. The left part
of the Cure of a Wound or Vlcei\ is to cover it
with Skin , and re fore the place to its pn[t inc
beauty : Now thefe Medicines . meddle with the
Flefh , no farther than only to convert it into
Skin.

XXX. 14. CGSMETICKS, wBeautify-
ers. Thefe adorn the Body by adding beauty to it ,
by ab forging or cleanflng it from defilements, as
Leprofic , Leuce, Scabs , Itch , Pimples , Rcdnefs,
Wrinkles , Freckles , l'ellowncfs , ' Tanning , &//?-
burning , and the like. Thefe which proceed from
heat , are /o be remedied by cooling things : If the
defilement is impalled in the Skin, extenuating
Medicines are to be applyed $ // Freckles or Worms
aflett it, the Skin it Jclf is to be abferged by Em-
plalters of Soap, or Oil of Tartar per deliquium,
diluted with Water • if L.eprofu\ Scabs, or Puftules,
conftant/y breaking out, the Cuticula muft be taken
of' by Epilpatticks, life.

•chap. v.

Of the Third Qualities.

I. 'Tp H E third Qualities of Medicines are fuel) as

A are Appropriate, that is to Jay, which are
appropriated to fome principal and noble Parts of
the Body , the knowledge of which Phyficians have
learned and obtained, either, 1 . From the fignatures
0} the Medicaments themfelvcs. 2. Or from a
dong feries oj Prallice and Experience.

If And therefore as Medicines are faid to be
appropriate , to the mojl noble and principal Parts
of the Human Frame ° fo from them they take their
Denominations orNames, and accordingly are faid
to be, 1. Cephalicks. 2. Neuroticks. 3. Stoma-
chicks. 4. Pulmonicks,? or Pe&orals. 5. Pleu-
riricks. 6. Cardiacks, or Cordials. 7. Hepaticks.
8. Spleneticks. 9. Mefentericks, or Hypochon-
driacs. 10. Nephriticks. n. Hyltericks. 12.
Arthri ticks. Of which in their refpellive order.

fll. 1. CEPHALICKS. Thefe Medi-
cines arc [aid to be appropriated to the Head, and
have reJ'peU chiefly to the Brain , the Medulla-
oblongata, and the Membranes called Pia & Dura
Mater, but have very little to do with the Tongue,
Cor that is a very tutruly Member . The Brain is
the feat of Apprehenfion , Judgment , and Memory ,
and by Nature moderately hot - and fo is very cafl-
ly a If hided by cither loo much heat or cold , but

chiefly by the latter , and for the moji part by too
much moiftme , and therefore the Medicaments ap .
propriated to the head and Brain , arc generally
hot and dry , and of very fubtil , thin , and volatile
Parts, for otherwife they could have no ajfeHion
upon thofc Parts. To thefe fome add Ptartnicks,
and Sternutatories ; sis true, thefe will purge the
Brain and Head from a world of pituitons, cold,
and moift Recrements,, but thefe are not proper
Cephalicks, for what they do, is by the Virtue of
their violent heat , and flrong all r Alive power.
Whether there be any cooling Cephalicks is a doubt,
if cooling things affefl the Head and Brain, they do
it fimply , either by their cold Quality, or by coding
other Parts over-heated , which by Sympathy ov
Confent, affect the Head.

IV. 2. NEUROriCKS. Thefe are
Nervous Medicaments, and are all hot and dry ,
from the Jecond even to the fourth degree, of a very
thin Subftance and penetrative Parts, without which
they could net pierce and affed the Nerves, to eafe
their extravagant Pains, as in Cramps and Convul-
ftons, or to warm, comfort , and ftrengthen them,
as in Palftes, 8cc. they ought to be very fubtil and
volatile, that they may agree with the Animal Spi-
rits, and as it were recuperate them. Their ufe
is both Internal, given in Jome proper vehicle $ and
External, being app/yed to the Parts affeSed, and
all along down the Spine or Back-Bone, from whence
all the Nerves of the extream Parts, as well
as fome others fpring. They very much agree in
their Qualities with Cephalicks, bccaufe the Root or
Original of all the Nerves thro ' the whole Body ,
arife from the Brain.

V. 3. STOMA CHICK S, w Stomach

Medicaments. Thefe are fuch as open Obfiruttions
in the Stomach, cafe its Pains, and Jirengthen i't's
Tone. They may be either hot or cold, and fo af-
fed the Part, according to the Indtfpofnion which
attends it. 1. When it is obft railed, the Appetite
is diminijhcd or depraved, with a kind of naufeous-
nefs concomitant : And this is remedied chiefly by
acid Aperitives. 2. When it is pained, ‘or there is
a ficknefs at Stomach, it is commonly from being
either over-heated, and then cooling Smmackicks are
to be given ; or over-cooled, and then hot Stoma-
chicks are to be exhibited ; or from vehemently
acid or fharp Humours in it, and then Abforbents,
or fixt Alcalies , will be chiefly of ufe. 3. When
its Tone is weakned, or hurt, then the Digejiion
is bad, the Concothon is weak, and fo a bad Chy-
lus is generated -, whence the Retentive Faculty is
alfo many times profligated, 'and whence proceed
fometimes the Scurvy, and Rheumatick Pains , or
the Gout ; and if it be of long continuance, it in-
duces a Confumption , becaufe the Body will want d
fuil able Nourijbment. And thefe things are reme-
died ( after due evacuation ) by Stoma ticks, of a
hot and dry Quality, of thin Parts, andConfortative
withall , which have power to warm, comfort, and
ftrengthen it, and have likewfe an Aft rin gent pro-
perty, which Jlrcngthens the Retentive Faculty.

VI. 4. PULMONICKS, or Pectorals.
Thefe are Medicaments appropriated to the Fungs ,
and have regard either to the Part afliiOed, or to
the Matter affliHing. 1. Thofe which regard the
Part a blitted , are fuch as flop bleeding, if any
Left el is broken in the Lungs, and by a kind of Styp-
tick Quality, have power to conglutinate or heal it $
or if there be any Vlcer in the Lungs , have the
power of cleanflng it, and heating it withall, which

b is

X

INTRODUCT I O N.

*1 done by either a Balfamick Property ; or by a

pecifick , of which Nature is Cinnabar of Antimo-
ny, and all fweet Preparations of Mercury, which
entry ng into the mafs of Blood, and being diffolved
in it , give fuch a healing property to it , that by its
continual pa If age thro ’ the Lungs , it does at length
perfectly heal them. 2. Thole which regard the
Matter ; and thefe are fuch as digejl and thicken
the Rheumatick or pituitous Matter , fluffing them
(which eaujes AflbmAs, Wheezing , lloarfnefs , lofs
of V oice, Coughs, &c.) and cauje it to be expeflo-
rated, and thofe arc they, zchich are moll ufually
called Peftorals, Be fide s, they many times clear
the Stomach of what flicks to it, cauflng it in fome
mcafure to be fpit up.

VII. s'. PLEURI TICKS. Thefe are
fuch things as are appropriated to the Pleura; and
generally give prefent eafe to Pains and Swellings
in the Sides , Stitches , the Pleurifie, &c. and they
are either Anodyns or Narcoticks. The Anodyns,
are fuch things as are hot and dry, and abound with
an admirable volatile Spirit and Salt, fuch as Salt
of Urine, volatile Sal Armoniack, volatile Salt of
Tartar, volatile Salts of Beans, Peafe , and other
P ulfe St as alfo Sal Volatile Oleofum. The Nar-
coticks, are fuch things as are made of the Wild
or Corn Poppy Blowers and Heads, and of Opium ;
fo that Opiates, efpecially fuch as arc repleat with
volatile Sal- Armoniack, Salt of Hartfhorn, of Tar-
tar, &c. all immediately aff ect the Pleura, and give
prefent eafe in the dfaffcUions thereof.

VIII. 6. C A R D I A C K S , or Cordials.
lheje are Medicines appropriated to the heart -
the Yount ain of Life, and Scat of theVital Spirit -
the Original of Innate Heat , and of Vigor and
4ft’ on. Amd therefore Cordials ought to abound
with Subtil ty and Volatility, to revive the Spirits
and with Heat to flrengthen the heart, and make
it perform its sflion. Ihofe Cordials which revive
and refrefh the Spirits, muft be Spirituous, as Wine,
and Spirit of Wine : And thofe which llrengthen
the Heart, are either Hot, when its natural heat
is decayed or wafted : Or Cold, when it is heat' a
bove Nature , by either Levers or any violent Paf
flon, or by Poifon ; the fir ft of which are Antife-
bri ticks. The Jecond, Confortatives. The third
Alexipharmicks, or Antidotes againfl Poifon.

IX. 7. HE PA TICKS. Thefe are
Medicaments appropriated to the Liver. And
thefe are con fide red in a threefold refpcfl, 1. As
they open its Obflruflions. 2. As they reftfl its
Difeafes. 3. As they flrengthen it. As to the
firlt, hepatic k Aperitives are to be chofcn, which
may open its V eft els, and keep them free from. Ob-
ftruaton, without which it is impoffible that the
P erf on Jhould be Well, but mu ft at long run fall in-
to a Confumption Thefe cut and extenuate with-
out any vehement heat, and yet deanfe. As to the
lecond, hepatitis oppofite to the Vi f eafe affli fling
the Liver, ire tn be chofcn : So if there is an In-
flammation. cooling, clean fing, and extenuating things
afcJ??e UM, \ (f a Scirrhus, things foftening and
diftolvmg. Wuh a Decoflion of Juniper-berries in
Water , drank for a Tear together as ordinary
Drink, I cured a vafllv great Scirrhus of the Liver '
outwardly to be felt, hard, and as large as a great
twopenny Loaf. As to the third. The Liver after all
is to be flrengthned ; and this Is done JyHepaticks
gently Altringenr, for feeing its ufe is to help to-
wfftsJhe perfection of the Blood , it needs fome
adlrriction to preferve its heat, and Jhengthen it.

Tri the Liver requires not fo great aflringents as
the Stomach, Jecaufe the paflages of the Stomach
are larger, and more open , than thofe of the Liver
Jo that if they be very Binding, they may be hurtful
to the Lrver, and caufe Obftru&ions.

X..8. SPLEME TICKS. Thefe are
Medicines appropriated to the Spleen. 5 p/eneticks
arc conjtdered m a threefold rejpell a Jo. i. To
1’uch as open its Obftruftions, and they are Ape
ritives, which ought to be fo powerful , as to pene-
trate into its mof! inward rece/Jes-, for the whole
Subftance oj the Spleen, is a kind o) Animal Honey-
comb. 2. To refilt its Difeafes; and tbeje in an
Inflammation, ought to be cooling and difeu/ftne ■

In a Scirrhus, to be highly Refolutive, not in the
leall binding ; and outwardly Emollients may be ap-
plied. 5. To flrengthen it. And thefe ere fuch
as are temperate , in refpett to heal or dnnefs , yet
they ought to have Jo much ad/lrittion , as to con-
firm its natural and healthful Tone.

, S’- ^ E S E N T E R I C K S, or Hypochon- .

driacks. Thefe are Medicines dedicated to the
Mefentery : Its grand failure is from Obltruai-
ons, which are either front vifeous or clammy Hu-
mors, or from Wind, which induce a profound Pi-
ning, cr univerftl Confumption of the whole Mon ■
and in the end ( if not removed) Death. Upon thm
Axle-tree, the whole Orb of Life turns ; and when
it breaks, the Man finks, and the Body returns to
yfifft Principles. And therefore the moft fewer-
Jul DeobftruUoTs or Aperients, are fpccifck Me-
f enter teks-, and thefe in the Mineral Kingdom are
deduced from Chalybeates In the Animal, from
Volant Salts, as Sal Volatile Oleofum Sylvii And
in the Vegetable Kingdom, fuch things as have
power to dtjjohe congelation of the Juices, as Vo-
lau! Salts of Beans, and of Tartar-, or to cut the
vifetd and clammy Matter, as Creffes, Horfe Ra-
dtfh, Mujlard, Rocket, in cold habit? of Body ■ or
Juices of Citron, Limons, or Lime Juice, and their
Syrups, tn hot Confutations joined with other proper
Aperients, which may have a power to penetrate
into the moft inward receffes of this Bowel. Adi
to thefe Carminatives, conjoined with Sylvius’r Spi-
rits Anticolicus, where Wind /cents to lave the
predominancy.

XII. 10. NEPHRITICKS. Thefe are
Medicines appropriated to the Reins and Bladder
In the Rems, a feparation is made of the Serum
from the Blood, without which Man could not live
and the Bladder , of a fufficicnt magnitude is the
receptacle to contain it. Therefore it is ncceflary
by appropriate Medicaments, to keep thofe parts
clear, and free from ObJlruSion , and to retain
their ftrength, that they may the better perform
t^ftr Offices. The Difeafes affliHing the Rems and
Bladder, are chiefly, 1. Obitruaions by a tartarous
or vifcid Mucilage. 2. Stones, Gravel, or Sand
?. Inflammation. 4. Pilling Blood. Ulcers.

The firlt, is cured by Aperients and Diureticks.

The lecond, by Lithontriptieks. The third by
cooling Diureticks, as Sal Prunella: diffolved in a
Dime tick Wine. The fourth, by Stypticks and
Narcoticks, as Catechu, and Opiates prepared with
Acids. And the laft, by Bolfan/icks, as Balfams of
Chili, Gilead, Peru, Capivij, Venice, Strasburg,
and Chio Turpentines, and Ivveet prepared Mer-
cury, which tranfeends all other things.

XIII. II. HYSTERICKS. Thefe are
Medicines appropriated to the Womb. It is a

Pare

XI

NTRODUCTION.

Part which one would think had fome Senje in it,
becaufe it is pteafei and delighted with fome things ,
as Aromaticks, Perfumes , and the like ; and dif-
f leafed (fo as to fly from them ) with ft inking and
ill-fcented things, asTurds, Affa foetida, and other
f linking things of like nature. Therefore fmee
Vapours , Hyjlerick Fits , dnd Hyft crick Convulfions ,
proceed from the Womb , thofe things which alleviate
them,ftpprefs the Fumes, and reduce the Womb to its
place , cafe it sPains, and profligate it. Convulfive
Motions are properly called Hyftcricks , fo Musk,
Ambergrife , Aromaticks , applied to the Nofe, in-
duce Vapours, Fits, Convulfions, Sc. Whereas ap-
plied to the place of Conception, fupprefs them all.
But Affa fixtida, and other ftinktng things applied
below, bring thofe Difcafes s whereas held to the
Nofe, or taken inwardly by the Mouth, they fru-
lirate and Cure them. Medicines which provoke
the Terms, or Laches, &c. or which fupprejs or flop
them , are accounted Hyftericks ; but of them we
fhall treat in the fourth Qualities.

XIV. 12. ARTHRITICKS. Thefe are
Medicines appropriated to the Joints. And feeing
that they conftft chiefly of tendinous and nervous
Parts, therefore they are chiefly compofed of A eu-
rolick Medicaments, zohich hove a heating and dry-
ing Quality, gently aftringent or binding, and with-
al/ having a peculiar ftrengthening Property : But
becaufe the Joints are the exlream parts of the Bo-
dy, and more remote from the Vital Center, they
require the flronger Medicaments. Pains are eafed
by Anodyn Arthriticks , mixed with Narcoticks ,
as a mixture of Camphir, and Spirit of Wine, with
Opiates. Inflammations are abated by Arthritick
Baths : And the Arthritick Tumour is removed ei-
ther by Epifpafticks, of Burning ; or by the appli-
cation of Arthritick Repercuflives, mixed with Cam-
phir, or Opium, or both.

CHAP. VI.

Of the Fourth Qualities.

I. 'TpHE fourth Qualities of Medicaments are
X fuel) as are Abftra&ive, to wit, fitch as by
their Power or Operations , take away fome thing
from the Body or from fome of its Bowels or
'Parts.

II. And thefe receive their Names from the va-
riety of their Operations , which they each perform
in the refpellive parts of the Body , to which they
are adapted * which are the Nine following. , viz.
i. Emeticks. 2. Catharticks. 3. Salivaticks.
4. Ptarmicks. $. Emmenagogicks. 6. Diureticks.
7. Lithontripticks. 8. Sudorificks. 9. Veneficks.

III. 1. EMETICKS, or Vomitories. Thefe
by giving a reluctance to the nervous Fibres of the
Stomach caufe their Relaxation \and Stimulation ,
whereby afterwards as the relullancy grows more
and more , and the naufeoufnefs encreafes, thofe
nervous Fibres before relaxed , fuffer a kind of
Convulfwn , or Contraction, and fo ejett the offend-
ing Matter upwards , or by the Mouth , whereby
that Vifcus, by fuch a dif charge, comes to be rejlo-
red to its prijline Health. Nor is the Stomach
otherwife to be cleanfed , for ten Catharticks, or

Purges, how firong foever, will not fo well clcanff
the Ventricle, as one proper and well-dcfigiPd F.me'
tick. The Stomach therefore is to be cleanfed up~
wards by Vomiting-, the Entrails, or Inteftinesi
downwards ; by Purging, which as according to the
Law oj Nature.

IV. . 2. CATHARTICKS, or Purging
Medicines. Thefe peculiarly cleanfc the Entrails,
but wit hall draw the Peccant Matter from all parts
of the Body , as has been feen in fome who have
for many Months lojl all the Ufcs of their extream
Parts, or Limbs, by violent and inveterate Rheu -
mat if ms, and Colicks -, who by only Purging with
proper Catharticks, have been perfellly reflored ;
for which purpofe, the Pulvis Cornachini has been
notorioufly known. They remove ObflruUions, not
only by opening the Pores of the Skin, but the in-
teriour DuHus of the Bowels, as an thofe things
Nitrous and Bitter, althd' tncy have feme fmall
aftri&ion. They are a/fo Abfterfive in degree for
thofe things which open the Pores and cleanfe the
Paffages, muft have a power of At trail ion, and a
great tenuity of Parts, moderately hot , nitrous, and
bitter, and Jo have a power of ab ft erging and pur-
ging the greater Paffages -, but fome purge by lubri-
fying, as Fat things. Some by wafhing and abfter-
fion, as Whey impregnated • with Sena and Beets.
And fome by refolving, penetrating, and pricking,
as fcveral Salts .

V. 3. SALIVATICKS. Thefe are Sa-
livating or Spitting Medicines, which refolving all
the Lympha of the Body, into apituitous or ferous
Subfiance , it is conduced from' all parts of the Body
to the Head, and pajjing thro * the falivatick Glands ,
is fpit forth. This is only or chiefly perform’d by
Mercury, and fome of its Preparations, which incit-
ing the coagulated Juices, and carrying them with
it, caufes this Operation. The order of it , and
how it is to be performed, is not our Bufinefs here .
They who would know more of this, may fee what
I have f aid at large upon this Subjell, in the Third
Edition of my Synopfis Medicine, in my Ars Chi-
rurgica, and in my Praxis Medica -, the Second
Edition 0} my Annotations upon Dr. Sydenhams
Proceflus, lib. 3. cap. 28. fe£l. 1 1 3. ad feft. iyy.
to which I refer you.

VI. 4. PTARMICKS, or Errhines. Thefe
are for the mojl part hot and dry in the third de-
gree, and are endowed with a very piercing Acri-
mony, by which they extream/y irritate, or Jhrivel
up as it were the Membranes of the Brain, ( as
Emeticks do the Tunic les of the Stomach-,) and by
means whereof the Head and Brain are cleanfed
or freed from their Recrements , and the vifeid and
pituitous Humour , or Matter, is expelled thro ■ the
Nojlrils, in a very extraordinary me a fare ; If the fe
Nafales, as fome call them, caufe Sneezing, they
are then called Sternutatories. But proper Errhines,
which only attraU the Recrements from the Brain ,
are of mighty ufe in curing Apoplexies, Lethargies,
Megrims, Vertigo >s, Epilepjies, and other Cephalick
Difeafes of like nature , proceeding from Cold and
Moiflure .

VII. ?. EMMENAGOGICKS. Thefe

are fuch as provoke or draw forth the Terms.
They are hot in the third degree, and of thin parts,
concoll and digejl crude Humours s extenuate and
incide the Grojs and Tough , and remove Obftru-
llions, by opening and cleanfing the Paffages. And
fuch are all proper Diureticks, for that they pro -
b 2 mote

xii INTRODUCTION.

mote the expurgation of the Menfes ; and if they
are bitter as Aloes, and fetid as Alfa fcetida,
Itinking Arach, & c. they are fo much the more
effettual • ftinking things dcpr effing the Womb , and
bitter things purging it. There are alfo accidental
Emmenagogicks, which refrigerate and humett the
Body , dried by too much heat ; And thrfe things ,
which by their potency expel the Secundine and
dead Child, as alfo a Mola, or falfe Conception,
which are f inking , bitter , with Acrimony , and
thine fs of parts , and arc to be given often , and in
pretty large quantities.

VIII. 6. DIURETICKS. Thefe are Me-
dicaments provoking Urine. They may be either
hot or cold , but moijf, liquid , thin conffence, and
eafy penetration , that they may encreafe the quan-
tity of Urine , as it were by Accident. 2. But in
things cleanfingj attenuating , and aperient , they
open the PaJJages and thefe may be cold , <?/?(/ 0/
thin parts , * r Sal Prunella;, which fometimes expels
what flicks in the Pafages -, or operate after a
middle-way , allaying the extream Heat , caufing

the Serum and Humours, be more eafily attratted
by the Reins , jW defeend to the Bladder. 3. j5y
things which cleanfe the Pafages , and open the
fame , having a Quality of extenuating grofs Hu-
mours , attenuating or thining the Blood ,
rating what is extenuated from the grumous Parts,
by which the protrufion of the Serum into the
Reins , a?/// fo «W<r fd/y, jr alfo its paffage
thro ’ the urinary Parts which kind of Diureticks
rf/r hot and dry in the third degree , fharp, of very
thin parts , coattive and feparating. Diureticks
/fo;? are of two forts. 1 . Such as conduce to the re-
paration of the Serum from the Blood * and they
are very hot , Sharp, biting and cutting, whence
t hey penetrate to the Reins, and cut the grofs Hu-
mours there. 2. Such as open the Urinal Paffages.
And thefe are generally cold things , which provoke
Urine, but bite not , yet have a nitrous Quality, by
which they open and cleanfc , as Nitre, Sal Pru*
nellrc, Winter Cherries.

IX. 7. L I TH ON TRIP TICKS. Thefe
are fuch as break and expel the Stone , Gravel,
Sand , or tartarous Mucilage ■, and they have a
power of difolving , cleanfwg and expelling the
fame : Being Diuretick, hot and dry, and of thin
parts , (harp and cutting, and fomewhat bitter. Alfo
fome do it by Incifion and Deterfion, without heat,
as Spirits and Oils of Nitre, Salt, Sulphur and
Vitriol, fome by afperity , or by fome occult pro-
perty.

X. 8. SUDORIFICKS, ^ Hydroticks.
Thefe are Medicaments provoking Swear. They
are generally hot, and of thin parts , yet fome are
fa id to be aflringent and cold, working occultly :
But the hot being of thin parts, are fubtil and vo-
latil, thining the Blood and Humours, and giving
them a piercing volatility fo that being forced by
the native heat , excited into ad ion, they penetrate
thro'> all the coats of the Vejfels and Glands, thro ’
Flcfh, Fat and Skin, to the fuperfices or mojl ex-
ternal parts , of the whole Body, from the crown
of the Head to the foies of the Feet, expelling all
noxious Fumes, malign and venene Humours, and
peftilential Miafmata, from the Center, viz. from
the Heart and Vital Parts, and fo defending them
from their deleterious affaults.

XI. 9. V E N E F I C K, or Poifoning. Thefe
are things which take away Life, being wholly

inimical to Human Nature, and they are in the
extremities of heat or cold ■, now they poifon not
from being in the ext reams of intemperature , but
from another peculiar property, by which they cor-
rupt the Vital Juices, and by a malign and peflife-
rous Gas orSteem, finite both the Animal and Vital
Spirits -, but which Property is excited or Birred up
into all urn, by thofe extream degrees of intempera-
ture. Of the Hot Kind, are Bears-foot, Hellebor,
Leopards-bane , Monks -hood, Woolf s-bane, &c. Of the
Cold Kind, are Hemlock, Hen-banc , Nightfhade, &c.
There are Poifons alfo which all by a Narcotick Pro-
perty, as Poppies, and Opium. Add to thefe Poifons
which do it by a Congelation of the Blood, whence
proceed a Stagnation, and almofl immediate Death-,
as the biting of a Viper, Rattle-Snake, &c. There
are alfo burning Mineral Poifons, as Arfenick, Cfc.
And Poifons which are only fo by Accident, as Cor-
rofive Sublimate, Spirits and Oils of Antimony,
Nitre, Salt and Sulphur * which diluted and pru-
dently given, are Salubrious and Healthful.

CHAP. VII.

Of the Fifth Qualities.

I. '"pHE fifth Qualities of Medicaments are
X fuch as are Adduflive, to wit, fuch as by
a peculiar Property, add fomerhing to the Body,
or to fome of its Juices or Parts.

II. And thefe arc fuch asreftore , or daily add to
the principal Juices and Parts of the Body , even
to the whole Body, without which Human Life , or
its Generative Powers, could not be con ferved-, and
they are, l.Chylificks. 2. Analepticks. 3. Ga-
laftogeneticks. 4. Spermatogeneticks. 5. Alexi-
pharmicks.

III. 1. CHYLIFICKS, or Breeders of
the Nutritive Juice. Thefe are fuch things ascon-
ferve the natural heat of the Stomach, fo that it
may be able to concotf and d/gcll the Food received
in, without which a good Chylus could not be bred.
They are generally hot in the fecond, third and
fourth degrees, fo that they may not only preferve
but ref ore the Tone of the Stomach if hurt - and
thefe are proper Stomachicks, hot , dty, and of thin
parts, fharp and attenuating. But when the Sto-
mach is over-heated, andfo the Concoflion is hurt
as alfo the Appetite in a great meafure defroyed.
Then cold Chylificks are to be chofen, which may
allay the preternatural heat, and reduce it to its
juft Temperament ; and thefe are Cowcumcrs, Let-
tice, Pur fane, and generally Acids, as all ripe Fruits ,
Lime Juice, Limon Juice, Vinegar, Spirits of
Nitre, Salt, Sulphur and Vitriol -, all which not
only alky the preternatural heat , but alfo excite the
Appetite, and help the Digef iom

IV. 2. ANALEPTICKS, or Reltorers.
Thefe are fuch things as breed a Re Bor at he Chylus,
which is of abfo lute necejjity in fuch as are in Con-
fumptions. The Stomach may breed Chyle, and
that plentifully, yet it may not be good , or refora-
tive * fuch a nutritious Juice is to be educed from
thofe things, which have naturally in them a reBo-
ring Virtue -, which as they ought to be Stomachick j.

INTRODUCTION. xiii

or mixed with Stomachicks , fo they ought to warm
the Stomach if cold. They are hot in the JirJl and
fecond degrees , and for the moft part of a fat or
glutinous Subftance, yet /pint nous withall ; of this
kind arc Meats made of Wheat flower, as thick
Milk , HaJIy Pudding , alfo Parfneps, Turneps, Po-
tatoes, &C. and a Liquor called Punch, thus made.
Take choice Brandy, fair Water, of each a Quart,
Lime Juice, a Pint, or three quarters of a Pint,
double refined Sugar, a Pound ; mix and diflblve :
Of which the Confumptive may drink half a Pint
at a time , in the Morning -, juft before Dinner ;
at jour in the Afternoon ; and at Bed-time. To
thcfe things you may add Milk-meats , Cheef e-cakes,
Cuftards, Oifters, 8tc.

V. 3. GALACTOGENETICKS.
Thcfe are things which breed Milk in Nurfes. This
is done partly by Meats, and partly by Medicine.
For Food it is Juch as is Euchymick, and Polytro-
phick, of good Juice, and of much Nourijhment , a
little hotter and drier than the Blood, if it is chilly
and pituitous but more moift, and left hot, if af-
f cited with Qholer. Medicaments breeding Milk,
are hot and of thin parts , and of affinity to thofe
things which gently provoke Urine. But fuch things
as arejlrong, and provoke the Courfcs, hinder its
Generation by too much eliquation of the humours.
Things alfo too cold, thickning , dtgefting , or dry-
ing, do the fame.

1. Juices.

2. lnfulions.

3. DecoCtions.

4. Syrups.

5. Pouders.

6. EleGuaries.

7. Lozenges.

8. Pills.

q. Troches,
to. Salts Eflential.

I. J U I C E S. 1. They are to be prefjed
out of Herbs, when they are young and tender ,
or rather, when they are jufl come to their flow-
ering, becauje then the Juice is in its grealeft
Vigour , and gathered withall in a fair and dry
Seafon. 2. They are made by beating the Roots ,
Herbs and Flowers , in a Stone or Iron Mortar,
with a Wooden Pejl/e, and expreffing the Juice
with a Prefs. 3. They are either Liquid or In-
fpifate. 4. The Liquid are either from hot
Herbs, and fuch as are volatil or from cold :
If from hot Herbs, they are to fettle 6, 8, or 10
Hours, then to be decanted from their fcttlings,
and put into a Glafs or Bottle, putting Oil Olive
upon them 1 or g Inches thick, to preferve them.
7. If cold Herbs, after fettling, the dear is to
be decanted , and clarified by boiling and ficum-
ming, or with Whites of Eggs, and then Bottled,
with Oil put over the fame. 6. Infpiffate Juices,
are never made from hot , dry , and volatil
Plants, but from fuch as have a more glutinous
or clammy Juice, fuch as Acacia, Aloes, Cam-
bogium, Catechu, Comfrey, Elaterium, Liquo-
rice, Meconium, Opium, Scammony, Sloes, &c.

Vi. 4. SPERMATOGENETICKS.
Thefe are things generating Sperm or Seed. They
are hot, and not very dry, but flatulent and fpiri-
tuous, and breed of the pureft and mofi fpirituous
parts of the Blood ; and therefore all fuch things
as encreafe a firong and good Chylus, and from
thence much and good Blood, encreafe the quantity
of Seed. It is alfo ftimulated by things hot, volatil,
thin of fubftance, penetrating and Jharp ; and kin-
dred by things cold, inflptd, non-nutritive , and
difeutient.

VII. 7. ALEXIPHARMICKS, w.Anti-
dotes. Thefe are Medicaments adding Vigour to
the Vital and Animal Spirits, to refiji and overcome
Poifon, and are antipathetical to it. They are hot
and dry in the fecond, third and fourth degrees ,
fubtil and volatil, confortative to the Stomach and
Heart, and homogene with the Spirits , enlivening
the Human Body. They I. Strengthen Nature,
that it mat be the more able to encounter the Foi-
fon. 2. They oppofe the Poifon, juft by its oppofite
Quality. 3. By their potency, volatility and exput-
five force, they violently expel it. Vomits, Cathar-
ticks and Sudorific ks , immediately lifted, and in this
order , are good expedients. If in the Stomach,
Vomiting. In the Entrails , Purging ; but if in the
Spirits, (as in the Plague ) Sweating.

CHAP. VIII.

Of Preparations Galenick
Internal.

II. I N F U S I O N S. 1. They are made
from fuch Plants, Roots, Barks, Leaves, Flowers,
Seeds, which ere of hot, dry , and volatil Parts,
and of fuch a Subftance, as being rare, eafily yield
their TinSure. 2. They are very rarely or never
made of cold Herbs and Plants, Juch as are of a
thick Subftance, and it may be Refmous withall.

3. If their Subftance is thin and rare, a cold In-
fufion, or DigeJion, (if in Summer-time ) may do.

4. But if of a more compaSjohd or tenacious Sub-
ftance, after being reduced into a grofs Pouder,
they are to be digefted in a warm Oven , or in a
Sand heat for fome days, Jhaking the Bottle once
or twice a Day ; then being fettled, the clear is
to be decanted, and kept clofe Jlopt for ufe.
7. The Infufion may be made in Water, Wine,
or Vinegar, according to the Defign and Intention
of the Phyfician : If in Simple Water, it is then
called by the bare Name of an Infufion : If in
Wine , it is called a Medicated Wine : If in
Wine Vinegar, a Medicated Vinegar.

III. DECOCTIONS. 1. They are
never made of hot , dry, fubtil, fpirituous and
volatil Parts, becaufc, in boiling , all thofe fine
Particles would be loft. 2. Or if they are de-
coded, it ought to be always in an Alembick ,
with a Receiver luted to it, to receive its fpiri-
tuous and volatil Parts-, that when the Deco Sion
is made and clarified, they may afterwards be
mixed therewith. 3. The Boding is half an
Hour , an Hour , or two, more or lefts, according
to the craffitude of the Body ; as they may be either
Herbs, Roots, Barks, Woods , See. 4. It is made
either in Water, Broth, Wine, or Vinegar , accord-
ing to the Intention and Defign ; but for the
moft part in Water. 5. It is a Medicament for
prefent ufe, and therefore there needs no Di-
reSions for its keeping or prefervation.

Authors have made a great number of them,
we have reduced them to the. following ten

Heads.

IV. SYRUPS and J U L E P S. They
are made , 1. Of Infufions. 2. Of DecoUions..
3 . Of Juices , of Herbs , Plants, Flowers, Seeds , &c.

2. Thofe

XXV

INTRODUCTION.

2. Thofc made by Inf upon , are chiefly from Flowers ,
ns of Balaujiians , Blewbott/e , Clove gillifl owe rs ,
Damask Rofes , Peony, Peach Flowers , Poppies
Wild, Rofemary , Saffron , Violets , &c. by being
digeffed one whole Night clofe covered , 7/7

the heat of a Bath , heat , often repeating

the Infuff on. 3. Thofe made by Decottion , are
from fuch Herbs , Plants, Roots , Aar&r, &c. tzj
w/V/ admit of Boiling , tfx /mw declared in
the former Scttion. 4. Thofe by Juices , are
of all your fucculent Herbs and Plants 3
freed from their faxes cr impurities , by fettling
or clarifying with Whites of Eggs. 5. owy
0/ making. To every Pint of clear Infufion ,
Decottion, or Juice , put two Pounds of Double
refined Sugar , . which mix together by melting
only in Balneo, at all Boiling it. 6. All Sy-
rups will keep a Tear , if kept clofe Jiopt in Glaffes -,
but flop them not with Cork or Bladder , for then
they will be apt to break the Glafs , c/7/y bind
a piece of thin Leather , <?/• Paper, prickt with a
few fmall holes over the mouth thereof 7. Juleps,
are thin , ,y half Syrups , being made ,of Infuffons,
Dccottions, or Juices, with but half the quantity
of Sugar and thefe will keep but a little while,
viz. 2 cr 3 Months, being apt to grow four.

V. POUDERS. 1. The Ingredients, whe-
ther Roots, Barks , Leaves, Flowers , Seeds, Roffns,
&c. tf/r /a fo iwy dry, either by Sun,

a warm Oven , or fome other Artificial heat.
2. By the help of a proper Mill , they are to be
ground into Pouder. 3. fl//r wfar* a Mill is not
1 0 be met with , or it is but a fmall matter ,
which is to be reduced •, ;/ be done by beat-
ing in a Brafs or Iron Mortar , with an Iron
Pefi/e, and then made to pafs thro ’ a fine Scarce •,
beating the remainder which will not pafs, and
fearcing it, fo long till it is all, or very near all
pafl thro \ 4. Refinous Bodies , fuch ns Scammony,
&c. will not eafily be reduced without the help
of a little Oil ■, anointing the bottom of the Mortar
now and then , as alfo the end of the Peffle
with a little Oil Olive, by which means, it will
with much more cafe and fpced be reduced.

5. Camphir, tho1 it may be reduced with a few
drops of Oil yet it is much better done, by ad-
ding to it a very fmall quantity of Brandy, or
Spirit of Wine, and then to grind it in a Mortar.

6 . All Pouder s ought to be kept in Glafs Bottles,
dofe ft opt with good Corks, but rather with Glafs
Stoppers ■, otherwife they prefent/y loofe thenf elves
and will be good for nothing.

VI. ELECTUARIES and LOHOCHS.

1 . They are made of fubtil, or Levigated , or fine
jc arced Ponders, mixed with Honey, or a- Syrup
of double refined Sugar, made into Syrup with
Water or Wine, of the thicknefs of Honey. 2. The
Proportion for a good bodied Elettuaric, is 3
Ounces of clarified Honey to an Ounce of Pouder,
or 3 Pounds of clarified Honey, or as much double
refined Sugar diffolved and reduced to the Sub-
fiance of Honey , to one Pound of Pouder, which
are to be mixed well together, either by beating
in a Mortar, or over a very gentle Heat • then
to be put into Gaily- Pots, and to be tyed over
with White Paper and Leather, and fo kept for
ufe. 3. A Lohoch, or Licking Medicine , is only
a thin kind of Elettuary, in which to every Ounce
of Pouder , there is to be put 5 or 6 Ounces of clarified
Honey , or Sugar : Thefe are ufed chiefly as Petto-
rals, in all Difeafes of the Brcft and Lungs.
4. Electuaries , (if well lookt after) will keep

nearly a Tear, but LohocliS will keep twice that
time.

■ ^-LOZENGES. 1. A thick Mucilage
15 10 f made of Uum Tragacanth, with Water
or rather with equal parts of Water and Spirit
of Wine, or Juice of Limons : This is to be
thickned with double refined Sugar in very fine
Pouder, and beat together in a Mortar till it
cows to a ft iff Pafl e. 2. Or fine Sugar may
be afforded in Brandy to a Candy height , and then
mixed with the Mucilage aforegoing. 3. Lozen-
ges are made either for Vomits, and then fou
may put to each half Dram 3 Grains of Erne-
tick Tartar, which may be made into one Lozenge
and fo the Patient may take either one, two or
three Lozenges, according to Age and Strength.

4. Or the Lozenges are Opiates, in which one or
two Groins of choice Opium m fine Pouder ,
be mixed, to make one Lozenge of half a Dram
or a Drum, to be given as a Dofe according t’o
Age, Strength , Necejfity, and other Circmmlhwces
in vehement Loughs, Catarrhs, &c. y Or as
Common PeLtorals, again] 2 Afthma's, Wheezing s
hoarfnejs, (hortnefs of Breath, and then Pouder's
oj Liquorice, of Catechu , Cloves, Ginger , Mace
Autmegs, &c. may be mixed with the Mucilage
and Honey, fir Sugar, in fuch proportions, as the
Pbyftcian Jhall think fit. 6. Then being well
beaten, or wrought together, the Polle is to be
rawed out into thin Plates or Cakes, and Co
with a freight Ruler and a Knife, to be cut out
into quadrangular Lozenges, which are to be care-
fully dried, and kept for ufe.,

VIII. PILLS. I. The ingredients are f eve-
rally to be reduced to a fubtil Pouder by Jirtl
beating in a Brafs or Iron Mortar, and then to
be pajjed thro a fine Sear be. 2. To this Pouder
Jo much choice Honey, or fome proper Syrup is to
be added, as may make it (by well beating it a
Mortar) into a Pafte, of fuch a ft, finejs as may
be made into Pills ; which Pafte, ,s not be fo
hard er JUff as to crumble-, nor yet fo /oft as
to jail flat, ,md not keep up the rouninefs of its
jorm. 3. Some Gum-Refimus Bodies,, as Aloes
Ciimbogta, Scammony, 8tc. being reduced into a
fine Pouder, are rather to be made up into Pills
with fair Water , than with Honey or Syrup ■ for
they will as foon dffolve in the Stomach ’ and
keep a long time without mouldinefs : But then
they arc immediately to be formed into Pills as
foon as the Mafs is niade ; otherwife it \ will
grow hard, and not afterwards to be done.

,-}\Z Rr°.C ^ E S- '■ Thefe are in form
like little Cakes , much about the bignefs -of a
Copper [firth, ng, beinglonly defigned, that Ponders
which ojtbemf elves are not able to refift the intro-
m,J]ton of the Air, might be kept a long time pure 0
and free from fpotling. -.Take half an Ounce 0] purl
white Gum lragacanth, put to it half a Pint or more
pf fair Water: Let it Jland warm for 24 Hours
till it becomes a Mucilage, or Geliy, 3. Take the
Ponders (being made impalpable) and mix with
this Mucilage, by beating in a Mortar, fo much
as may make a Jt iff Pafte-, which row/ out into
thm Plates, and with a round hollow thin edged
Brafs, Silver , or Steel lnftrument, cut it cut into
little Troches, or Cakes. 4. Thefe you are to dry
either in the Sun, or a warm Oven , after the
Bread is out -, and being through dry, put them up
into a Gaily -Pot, or other proper Veffel, for uje.

tying

XV

INTRODUCTION.

tying them over with a Paper and Leather .,
to keep them from the Air.

X. SALTS ESSENTIAL i. Take
a Plant when it is full of Juice , viz. in its flow-
ering time , a fufficient quantity * bruife it in a
Wooden Mortar , and add a pretty deal of fair
* Water : Boil till half be confumed : Strain the
DecoSion by jlrongly pr effing it out -, and then
Boil it to the thicknefs of Honey. 2. 1 ake this
mucilaginous Magma , put -it into a Glafs or gla-
zed Veffel , and fet it in a cold place for 8 ^ 10
Days . fo will a Cry/ial Salt arife like Sal Gem,
which gather , and wajh it with the difUlled Wa-
ter from the fame Plant, which dry and. keep it
for ufe. 3. Thus is made Salt of Carduus, Mug-
wort, Wormwood, and other bitter Herbs -, but of
other Herbs with much difficulty. 4. But Juch as
yield a fweet Juice, give a plentif ul quantity of
- Effential Salt, as the Sugar Cane : Par Sugar is
the Effential Salt of that Plant fo alfo do Figs,
Raifons of the Sun, and other like fweet things
for Figs and Raifons, when old and dried, will
(l)cw fome fmall quantity of that Effential Salt on
' their outfdes, hard , dry , and of a white colour.

Jhall advife , in which alfo Caftile or Genoua
Soap -may be diffolved , and may ferve for eafing
of Pain , d if cuffing of Tumours, &c. V. Thirdly,
Wine Jimply of it felf is ufed to comfort and
fir eng then weak Parts, difeufs Tumours , eafe
Pain , &:c. by fomenting therewith as hut as the
Patient can endure it, once, twice , or thrice a
Day : And fe it is of ufe (viz. Red Wine) to
cure the falling-down of the h undame nt. But

mixed with Camphir, a Dram or Dram and half,
diffolved in a little Brandy, to a Quart of Wine,
it will be yet more powerful to all tbofe In-
tentions , as alfo to prevent a Mortification.
EL fourthly. Vinegar Jimpiy of it felf, ufed hot,
is excellent to eafe Pain, flop Bleeding, and take
away Deformities of the Skin -, but ufed with
Honey diffolved in it, it abfierges putrid Ulcers,
and heals Ulcers of the Mouth and Throat. If
it is ufed zoitb diffolved Camphir, and Saccha-
rum Saturni, it not only cleanfes the Skin, but
cures mofi of its Deformities, and alfo beautifies
it. Thefe are fome of the things which Lotions
perform j and in imitation of thefe Examples,
you may make a thoufand others , which may
have admirable Effeffs .

c H A P. IX.

Of Preparations Topical, or
External.

THO’ Authors hove multiplied the Titles of
thefe Topical Preparations , yet thefe fol-
lowing are all that we think neceffary for Ex-
ternal Vfes, or Outward Application.

1. Lotions.

2. Oils.

5. Ointments.
4. Balfams.

Ponders.

6. Emplafters.

7. Cataplafms.
S. Clyfters.

T. LOTIONS, or WASHES. I. Wafhes
ore made I. Of fair Water. 2. Of Infufions, or
DecoHions. -3. Of Wines. 4. Of Vinegars ; of
which a choice is to be made , according to the
Purpofe or Defign for which it it intended.
11. The general Intentions of Lotions , or Wajhes.
arc fivefold , viz. 1. To beautify the Skin.
2. To cafe Pain. 3. To difcujs Tumours. 4. To
cldtnfe old putrid Sores or Ulcers. 7. To at-
tract or draw forth any Poifon , Venom , or Ma-
lignity , in the Part. Ill firft fair Water is
ufed either fimp/y by it felf as hot as the Pa-
tient can bear it , either to bathe with it, or to
let the whole Arm, or Leg, to he in it for half an
Hour, or 3 quarters of an Hour, more or lefs,
which repeat as need may require , twice or thrice
a Day : It opens the Pores, abates Inflammations,
and abfierges old putrid Sores and Ulcers, ma-
king them apt for healing. Or it is ufed with
Caftile or Genoua Sorp, a quarter of a Pound
diffolved in 3 Gallons of it, by a gentle Heat.
This Opens the Pores , and abfierges more po-
tently. IV. Secondly, Infufions or Decoftions.
Thefe are made of fuch Herbs as are appro-
priate to the intention, and which the Phyftcian

II. 0 I L S. I. They are male 1. by Expref-
fton. 2. By lnfolation. 3. By Boiling. II. lhpfe
which are made by Expreflion, are either Oil
Olive, which if it is made out of Ripe Olives,
is fold to be temperate, in ref pell of heat, coll-
nefs, drinefs, or motfture -, or Oils out of A .its,
as Oil of Almonds, Sweet and Bitter, of Wall-
nuts, Oil of Ben, which has that Property with
it, never to grow Rank ■, or Oils out of Seeds,
as Anifeed, Linfeed, Rapefeed, 8tc. III. Oils by
lnfolation. Take Oil Olive , or rather Oil of
Ben, a Gallon-, of the Herbs or flowers, or Seeds
you defign to make the Oil of, 24 Handfuls well
bruifed ; mix them, cover the Pot with a Paper,
and fet it in the Sun (in the holt eft Seafon)
for 14 Days or more, flirring it every Day:
Then having warm'd it over a gentle fire, prefs
out the Oil from the Ingredients in a wooden
Prefs. Repeat this lnfolation with more bruifed
Ingredients, three times at leafi ; at lafi prcjfing
out the Oil as before, let it ffanJ to fettle or
defecate, and pour off the clear, which keep in
Glafs Bottles clofe fiopt for ufe. Where note,
that Oils by Inhalation, ought to be made on.y
of Herbs and Seeds which are hot and dry , of
vety thin, Jubtil and volatil parts, as of Cranes-
j bil Musked, Hyffop, Lavender, Marjoram, Minr,
Rofemary, Sage, Savory, Southernwood, Thyme,
See. of Amfeeds, Carraways, Coriander, Cloves,
fennel, Mace, Nutmegs, Parfly-feed, iVc. IV.
Oils by Boiling. Take Oil Olive, a'Gailon ; of
the Herbs, flowers , Seeds , &c. bruifed , 20 or 24
Handfuls : 'Boil all over a gentle tire to Crifpne/s
and prefs out the Oil Jlrongly in a -wooden Prefs.
Repeat this Coition to Crifpnefs , and expreffing
at leafi 3 times : Then letting it defecat or
fettle for a Day or two, decant the clear Oil and
keep it for ufe.

HI. OINTMENTS and LINIMENTS.
1. Ointments are made three ways, viz. firft by
making the Ingredients into an Oil by the jormer
Sell ion. Secondly, Of the Ingredients themj elves
by lnfolation. Thirdly ,’ Of the Ingredients by
CoUitm or Boiling. 2. The Jirft way, by making
the Ointment oj the Oil. Take a Jtrong Oil made
of the. defign ed Herbs, 2 Sjtarts ; Strasburg, Ve-
nice, or Ohio Turpentine, Bees Ji ax, of each 12

Ounces

XVI

INTRODUCTION.

Ounces : melt and mix them well together , and
put the Mafs into Gaily Pots for ufe. 3. The
fecond way by Infolation. Take fuch Roots ,
Herbs , flowers , Seeds, die. which arc hot and dry ,
of very thin, fubtil and volatil parts , bruifed,
eight Handfuls • Lard , four Pounds : Beat

them well together in a Stone Mortar, with .a
Wooden Peflle -, put the Mafs into a broad Stone
or Earthen Glazed Pot , tye it over with a Paper ,
and infolate it for 1 4 Days, or for want of a
hot Sun, digefi it as long m a mild Sand heal ,
that the Lard may be all that time perfectly
melted and w hi /ft hot , firain out the matter by
prejfing. Repeat this Infolation or Digefi ion , 3
or 4 times, in the fame manner and. at length ,
take the expreffed Subfiancc , and add thereto-,
Venice or Srrasburg Turpentine , Bees Wax, of each
8 Ounces : melt and mix them over a gentle
Lire without boiling, and keep the Ointment for
ufe. 4. The third way , by Cot/ion or boiling
Take of the bruifed Ingredients 8 Handfuls -,
Hogs Lard, 4 Pounds, boil over a gentle Lire to
Cnjpnefs , and J1 rain out by prejfing : Repeat this
work 3 or 4 times and lafi/y , to the expreffed
Matter, add Turpentine, Bees Wax, of each 8
Ounces-, boil and mix, and keep the Ointment for ufe.
5. Sometimes Loaders are added to Ointments for
particular Ufes, the chief of which, are of Aloes
Birthwort -Roots, Campbir , Coloquintida , Option
Rofin , Scammony, Stavefacrc , Tobacco, &c. of Mi-
nerals, burnt- Alum, burnt -Lead, blowers of Sul-
phur, Mcrcurius Dulcis, Saccharum Saturm, Tur-
bith Mineral, Red Precipitate , White Precipitate,
Vcrdigrife, &c. 6. Liniments, They are Soft Oint-
ments, and made in all refpetts as Ointments are ,
faving, that they are generally made without Wax-,
or with only the half quantity of Turpentine and.
Wax.

IV. BALSAMS, t . Thefe are Artificial,
and made in Imitation of the Natural, by mixing
fucb Ingredients together as may confiit'utc a body
of equal Denfity or Subfiancc. 2. Take Oil of the
Ingredient you\ would add to your balfam, as firong

011 of Hyper iron, or firong Oil of the yellow of Orange
Peels by Inflation, id Pints-, Oil of Nutmegs by
Exprejfion , Balfam of Peru , choice Chio Turpen-
t ine, of each 4 Pounds •, mix, melt over a gentle
Lire, and keep it for ufe. 3. Take Oil of Ben,

1 2 Pounds -, Chio Turpentine, 6 Pounds -, Balfam
of Peru, 5 Pounds Oil of Nutmegs, 4 Pounds :
mix and melt over a gentle Lire , and keep it
clofe fiopt for ufe.

V. POUDER S. 1. Thofe intended in this
place, are only finch as are for External ufe, ap-
plicable to l he Eyes, Jlopping Blood, Wounds, Ul-
cers, &c. 2. 1 hey are made of Ingredients per-
fel/ly dried; and then reduced to a fubtil kind
of blower, either by grinding in a Mill, or beat-
ing in a Mortar , and Jo paffed thro ’ a fine
Scarce. 3. Ponders for tlx Eyes , as A/abafier
calcin'd and levigated, or Lapis Calaminaris cal-
lin'd and levigated, or blints calcin'd, beaten and
levigated any of which Ponders being blown into
the Eye , con] u me Pearls, Films, &c. Jo alfo fine
Ponder of Rice , which with ones Linger may be
daily and fcveral times a day rubbed upon bilms
Pearls , die. which in tune wears than off.
4. Ponders for flopping Blood, are chiefly Cate-
chu, Vitriol calcin'd with fine Bole and Camphir,
Louder of Puffs or Lufs Balls, of Mans Blood, of
Alcanet Root , &c. 5;. Ponders for digefi ing,
cleanfing, and healing old Ulcers , as Aloes , of

Rnjia, of Scammony, of Tobacco, &c. which two tali
things arc without comparjon.

E R S ,aniC E R A T S,
0> 9 ,,v k CL O T H S. 1 . Emp/aficrs are

made lirj! with OilOhve. Secondly with Hogs Lard
or feme other Fat or Grcafe , adding the other prol
fer Ingredients. 2. Firft with Oil. Take Oil Olive
“ cA'r!' J0me frofer Gum or Gums, from 10 to
16 Ounces, bees Wax 4 Ounces , melt , mix, ani
boil to the Confidence of an Emphjler. 5. Where
turpentine , ani any proper Venders of Vegetables

are added, Bees-Wax will be nccdlefs , and if any
proper Juices be added, it is to be boiled to the
conjumption of the Juices. 4. Some Mineral Pon-
ders, as Red Lead, White Lead, Litharge, Sic.
bang aided to the Oil with Vinegar, will fufficie nth
bring the °,l to the Body of an Emphjler, without
tj-e addition of Gums or Wax, by a pretty longboil-
vtg and conflantly Jlirring, wan a wooden Spa-
tula till ,t is perf died. 5. Secondly with Hoes
Lard, or fame other Vats or Gr cafes. It is made
altogether as the former, favc in ibis cafe it needs
much lefs boiling, and a J. mailer quantity of Gums
« c Cerats °J Cerecloths. They are

J jt Emplajiers, which will fpread without melting
tn a Pan or the Ifelp of l -ire? being for the molt
part made with Oil Olive , and in a much larger
quantity, q. The Emphjler being brought to its
due lonfjtcncy, it is then made up into Rowls
ani Jo kept for Ufe.

VII. CATAPLASMS, or PULTICES.

Ivey are made with Oil or bats, adding the boiledPulps
oj Roots , or Pigs, and the other proper Ingredients
accoidmg to the Intention • as baked or boiled white
Lilly Roots, Turneps, Onions, Garlick , Leeks ,

C omjrcy Roots, die. and fo bringing it to a due Con-
fiflency with blower of Oatmeal, Barley-blower
0 rob ns- Meal, Crumbs of White Bread, Milks &c
boding all to a due foftnefs. 2. Some Pultices arc
made to difeufs Tumors which ' will not probably
break-, fome to cafe Pain, fomc to allay Infia-
mations , and Jo me to Maturate Tumors which
tend to breaking 5 fo that according to the Intention
of the Cataplafm, fuch ought the Ingredients to be
to anfwer the fame. -3. It ought to be laid on as
hot ai the Patient can well endure it -, and to be
renewed 2 or 3 'times a day, or as often as the Na-
ture of the Ala lady ajfii fling requires it.

VIII. CLYSTERS.

VIII. CLYSTERS, i. They are Liquids
made with Poffet drink, or Meat Broths, with the
addition of fuch other Ingredients as are proper to
the Intention of Cure. 2. The chief Purpofes
for which they are ufed are, Firft, to cafe Pain in the
Bowels from the Colick or /harp Humors. Secondly
for the Cure of Fluxes of the Belly, and Bloody Flux-
es. Thirdly, to remedy Coftivenejs , Fourthly, to purge
the lower Bowels. 3. Clyfters tor eating Pain, are
made with Carminative DecoUions adding half 2
quarters, or an Ounce of Strasburgh Turpentine
well mixed with 1 or 2 Talks of Eggs, and then with
the DecoUton , andfo exhibited [omelhing more than
Blood warm. 4. For the Cure of the Bloody Flux
or other Fluxes of the Belly; to a ftrengthening
DecoOion in Whey, a quarter Part of Brandy ought
to be added, and the C/yfter to be feveral times re-
peated : If the Flux is Inveterate , and not eafy to
be fiopt, 6, 1, or 1 o Grains more or lefs of Lau-
danum, ought to be diffohed in the Brandy and
mixt with the DecoJion. 5. For an extreamCo-
ftivenefs. The Clyfter ought to be made of Lu-
brific alive s , as a Vecvlfion of Althea Roots m

which

INTRODUCTION.

xvii

which a [mall quantity as 2, or 3 Drams of Caftile ,
Genoa , cr Venice Soap ought to be diffolved ’ or a
quarter part of Oil to be mixed therewith , well fea-
foned with Table Salt. 6. For purging the Belly
and giving Stools. It may be made of Carmina-
tive Decotfions , or Meat Broths , orPoffet-drink -,
to a Tint of which , quarter of a Pound of brown

Sugar or Honey , and half an Ounce, of Salt are to be
added , and diffolved in the fame , without the Ad-
dition of any Oil ■, becaufe Oil will Obtund the
points of the Salts , and fo hinder the Operation or
Working. 7- As to the Quantity to be exhibited
at a time , to little Infants , give a quarter of a
Tint or 6 Ounces -, to Children from 5 to 10 2 ears
Old , half a Tint bigger Children from 10 to *6
Tears Old , 3 quarters of a Pint -, to Men and Wo-
men, /mxr a Tint , r<? a Tint and half.

CHAP. X.

0/ Preparations Chymical.

TH E chief Chymical Preparations , rfr

any have rcfpeft to this prefent Work ,
//;<?/<? fare enumerated , viz.

. EfTences.

. Tin&ures.
, Extracts.

, Waters.
Spirits.

6. Oils. ,

7. Balfams.

8. Powers.

9. Elixirs.

10. Salts.

I. ESSENCES.' 1. By EfTences here,
we do not me$n thofe highly reSified and fub-
lime £therial Chymical Oils , which Perfumers
and others ufe , and fo call , but another Prepa-
ration which is taken from the whole Subfiance
of the Plant. 2. Take Angelica , Bawm , Mint,
or any other like fitting Herb -, beat it in a
Marble Mortar with a Wooden Pejlle , to a
Pulp or Mafs •, put it into a Matrafs or Bolt-
head , which Seal up Hermetically , ( or otherwife
flop it up with Cork dipt in Wax , then clofe d
fafi with Sealing-Wax , and after that luted over j
fet it to digejl in a Horfe Dunghil \ or fome other
analogic Heat , as Balneo, Sand, &c. for 40 or
yo * Days 5 fo will the whole be reduced almojl
to an uniform Sub fiance : A fterwards take out
the Matter , which is now more liquid than it
was before , or reduced into a Liquor •, which
prefs from the Faxes. Digefl it again in a
gentle Balneo, that the remaining groffer parts
may fubfide : decant the clear Liquor, or filter
it thro ’ Brown Paper , or Cotton, in a Glafs Fun-
nel. And from the former Faxes, being dried
and calcin'd., ext rail a fixed Salt, which add to
the filtrated Liquor. This is Le Febure’j Efience
of Plants and may be given in any proper Ve-
hicle , from one Spoonful to two , or three.

3. Some add to this Ejfence , when it is for
long keeping, to every Quart, a quarter of a
Pint of the bejl Brandy , or Spirit of Wine.

4. But if you would exalt this Ejfence1' to a
higher degree of purity and excellency, the faid
Le Febure proceeds thus, lake of the former
Ejfence, Water of dec/ ipitated •common Salt, made

per deliquium, of each equal pans • put them
into a Matrafs or Bolt-head, which Seal up Her-
metically, or flop up as before : Digefl in the
Sun, or in Balneo, or a Sand heat, for 40 or
5° Days •more, fo will this f aline Liquor , with-
out any other Operation, feparate all the hetero-
genous and flimy Matter, or Subfiance, which
hindred its purity and exaltation : And there

will fwim upon the top , the pure exalted Ef-
fence of the Plant, either green and tranf parent
as an Emerald, or of a reddifh color, according
to the nature of the Plant-, which feparate and
keep for ufe. This exalted Ejfence, tnay be ta-
ken from half a Spoonful to a Spoonful, Morn-
ing and Night , in a Glafs of Canary, or other
proper Wine. 5. The EfTences of Cold Herbs.

I aket the whole Plant well beaten in a Mortar,
Juice and all ; add to it an equal quantity of
Spirit of Wine, or Brandy : put them into a very
large Bolt-head, which flop clofe as aforefaid, fo
that nothing may breath forth : fet it to digefl
in Horfe-dung, or its equal heat in Balneo, or
Sand, for 40 or 50 Days, or more then firain
out all the Liquor by hard preffing • which put
into the Bolt-head again : being fiopt clofe up as
before, digefl in a gentle Sand heat for 40 or 50
Days more -, fo will the Ejfence meliorate, fuper-
nate the Faxes, and grow fine which decant and
keep for ufe, adding to it the fixt Salt of the
Prejfings. Dofe from one Spoonful 10 three , in
fome proper Vehicle.

II. TINCTURES. 1 . There are fever al
forts of TinUures, which are to be drawn out
with fuel? Menfiruums, as are mofi proper to the
Difeafe affhSing -, the chief of which are thefe four
following. Firft, A Spirituous Tinfture. Secondly ,
An Acid TinUure. Thirdly, An Oily TinUure.
Fourthly, A Saline TinUure. 2. The Spirituous
Tinfture. Take any Root, Bark, Wood, Herb ,
Flower, or Sled, being dried, and reduced into
grofs Pouder in a hot Iron Mortar, with an eighth
part of Salt of Tartar or Pot-Afhes : ajfufe

thereon, in a large Matrafs , fhe bejl rettified Spi-
rit of Wine , fo much as may over-top the Ingre-
dients 4 or 1 Inches , fhake them well together ,
and flop theVeffel very clofe : digefl 20, 30, or 40
Days, ( the longer the better) in a place natu-
rally warm, or in a gentle Sand heat, fhaking the
Vejfel once every Day : then decant the clear Tin-
Sure, and keep it clofe fiopt for ufe. Dofe 1, 2,
or j, Drams, if prepared from Alteratives .* 3. The
Acid TinQure. The Ingredients being prepared
as in the former, affufe thereon the dulcified Spi-
rit, either of Nitre or of Salt, Sulphur or Vitriol,
fo much as to fupernate 4 or 5 Inches : digefl
a# before, then decant the clear Tinffure, and keep
it in a Glafs clofe fiopt for ufe. Dofe from 40
to 60 Drops , or fo much as to give the Vehicle a
little acidity. 4. The Oily TinUure. Take the
Ingredients as before direfled to be prepared,
which put [into a Matrafs , or Bolt-head, and af-
fufe thereon pure (ether ial Oil of Turpentine, fo
much as may over-top it 4 or 5 Inches -, fop
it clofe tip, and digejl only in a warm heat for
14 or 21 Days, fhaking the Veffel once every Day :
firain cut the Tin Sure by preffing * let it ft and
till it is fine, and then decant the clear, an 1
keep it for ufe. Dofe from 6 to 12 ,.or 18 Drops-,
firft dropt into Sugar, and then mixt with any
proper Vehicle, and fo taken. 5. Tiie Saline
Tinflure. firft make the Spiritus Intimus thus ,
Take Spring Water, 6 Quarts j choice Pot Afhes,

2 Pounds •, Sal Armoniack, one Pound : mix,
c digeft

INTRODUCTION.

digeft clofe ftopt 3 Days, ftrain, filte r, and
keep it for ufe. Then take the Ingredients as be-
fore prepared , which put into a Matrafs or Bolt
bead , and ajfufe thereon oj the former Spiritus
Intimus, as much as may over-top the Ingredients
4 or 5 Inches: digeft cold (being clofe ftopt) for
2 or 3 Days, Jhaking the Veffel twice a Day - let
it fettle for one or two Days * decant the clear
from the Faeces* which filter thro' Brown Jiltring
Paper , and keep it in a Glafs clofe Jlopt for ufe.
Dofe from half a Dram , to 1 or 2 Drams ; Morn-
ing and Night , in a Glafs of Canary , or fame
other proper Vehicle. Where note , that by this
Menftruum, you may extrail //j<?*Tin&ure from
any Root , Bark , LferA, flower , or <mi «>*//

£/re/f ox dry, an'd that in a manner extemporanee.

IU. EXTRACTS. 1. Take^ the Spiri-
tuous Pi nil ure df any thing you defign to have
the Extrait of • put it into a Bolt-head, with its
Alembick and Receiver , and luting the Joints
\ well ; by a gentle heat ab frail the Spirit in Bal-
neo-, 7 he Magma at bottom is the Extrail. 2. Ex-
trafts are either foft , fit either to be diffolved in
any proper Vehicle , or to be made up with Pon-
ders, if very foft , into an EleHuary * but if of
a more thick body , /o be made with Ponders into
Pills: Or they are of a folid body , fo that they
may be formed into Pills of the mf elves, without
any addition. 3. And therefore according to the
confidence you defign the Extrail to be of tofuch
a degree you mud abftrait the Spirit. 4. The ab-
fl railed Spirit is fame thing more than the fimple
Spirit of Wine , and may very well be called the
Spirit of that Ingredient , or Matter , of which the
Extrail is made , and contains fome of the moft
volatil Spirits and Particles thereof.

IV. WATER S. 1. They are Di filled in

Common Stills , putting good Store of AJhes under-
neath, to avoid an Empyreuma, 'or Smell and
Tafte of Burning-, or in an Alembick, in Balneo.
2. If you Diftil in an Alembick, it will be good
that the Roots, Herbs , Flowers, be bruifed, and
by adding common Salt, or Leven, to be mixed
with them to be digeft ed -, then putting Spring
Water to them , to Diftil them in an Alembick
with its Worm or Refrigeratory, till the change of
the Tafte fhews the Virtue to be drawn of, fepa-
rating the Oil if any be. 3 By adding the Salt
or Leven , or left, and digefting the Herbs there-
with, till they have a kind of Winey Smell -, by
which means the Water is made twice or thrice
as ftrong , and Smells much ftronger of the Herbs,
Flowers, &c. 4. Waters from dried Herbs. Let

them be cut and inf ufe d a while in hot Water,
and digeft ed with Salt, Leven , or Ted, and then
diftilled in Balneo* and if it be9 cohob a ted upon
More dried Herbs, it will be fo much the better
and more noble. y. Waters from tender Herbs
and Flowers, and from cold Plants, are diftilled
in Balneo, zvith Cohobaticn upon frefh Herbs.

6. Waters from hot Seeds, Spices , &c. beat or
bruife them grofly , infufe them in a little warm
Water ° then diftil them by a Copper Vefica, Tid'd
within : Ton may alfo fteep them in Wine , fo will
the Water be more excellent , with fome Oil.

7. If from green Roots or Barks , bruife or fhave
them * but if front dried Roots, Barks, rafp them,
or grofly beat them in a Mortar, and infufe them
in a little warm Water, StC.

V. SPIRITS. 1. Take the Herbs, Flow-
ers, L'’c. beat them in a Mortar, and Pickle them

with Salt, in an Earthen Veffel, by mixing the
Salt therewith * put all into a well glazed Earth-
en Jar, pr effing them well down : ft op the Veffel
very clofe, and put it into a Cellar for 3 or 4
Months, till they have a fharp or Wine-like Smell *
then diftil in a Vefica, in Balneo, or Sand, or
AJhes, to drinejs : cohobate the Spirit and diftil
again, after which reflify it in a Glafs Alatrafs,
in a gentle Balneo, or Sand-heat. 2. Spirits from
Juices. Beat the Roots , Herbs, Flowers, Fruits,
if Juicy, and prefs forth their Juice : But if
they be not Juicy, fprinkle hot Water on them,
find then exprefs the Juice. Steep in this Juice
frefh Herbs, and prefs out again, which work re-
peat till you have Juice enough * jbis Juice fer-
ment with Sugar, Leven, or left, diffolved in a
little Water , and then diftil it as before. Where
note , that the Fermentation of the Juice, is beff
done in Wooden Veffels. 3. Spirits from Fruits
which have a Pulp, as Black Cherries, Elderber-
ries, Goosberries, Mulberries. Raspberries,' Straw-
berries, Cf c. Either make a Wine of them , which
let grow a little Acid * and diftil -it as before di-
retied, or as you diftil Bfandy, or Spirit of Wine
from Wine : Or elfe take their Pulp, freed from
their Stones or Kernels, to which put warm Wa-
ter, to make it thin * then with Leven, left, or
Sugar, diffolved alfo in warm Water, caufe them
to ferment * after which diftil. 4. Spirits from
hot Seeds, Spices, &c. Bruife them well, and
macerate the Mafs with Wine, caufe them to fer-
ment with -Leven, &c. and then diftil fo will
you have a Spirit mixt with a great deal of Wa-
ter : cohobate and diftil again, fo will the Spirit
be much better * which after feparate from the
Water by Dift illation : referve the Spirit by it
felf and the Water by it Jelf, as Water of the
fame Seeds, Spices, &c.

VI. OILS Diftilled. 1. Oils from green
or dry Roots, Herbs, Flowers. Bruife them well
in a Stone or Iron Mortar, digefi them 14 days or
more in Water, and let them putrify * then diftil
by a Vefica with a great Fire * fo will you- have
Water and Oil come over, which you are to fepa-
rate. 2. If you diftil Oils from Angelica, Anife,
Bawm, Caraway, Dill, Fennel, Lavender, Mar-
joram, Mint, Origanum, Pennyroyal, Rofemary,
Sage, Savory , Southernwood , Thyme, Worm-
wood, and the like hot Herbs : It is to„ be done
when in Flower, and you are only to take the upper
Branches with the Flowers, for then they yield the
great eft plenty of Oil, and thofe parts of the
Plants the moft * the Leaves, Stalks, &c. little or
none at all. 3 - Oils from hot Seeds, as Annife,
Cardamoms, Cubebs, Caraways,' Coriander, DillJ
Fennel, Muftard, Parlly, Rocker, C Sic. Bruife them
grofly, affufe on them hot Water * add fome Salt
or Crude Tartar in Pouder , digeft 10 or 20 Days,
then diftil with a Copper Vefica, with its Head and
Receiver well luted * fo will you have Water and
Oil together, which you are to feparate, keeping
the Oil by it felf * and # the Water for An feed
Water , Cardamom , Caraway Water , dec- 4. Oils
from Roots being dried. Bruife them well , or
beat them into gr of s Pouder , digeft them with Wa-
ter and Salt, then diftil : cohobate the diftilled
Water, digeft and diftil again * feparate the Oil
from the Water : and in that Water, digeft more
frefh Roots, and fo on continually, y. Oils from
Cirrort} Limon, and Orange Peels. Let them pu-
trify or rot-, add Water to them * then diftil them
as the former Roots , fo will you have Oil and
Water, which feparate. The Water may be ufed

INTRODUCTION.

>n like manner to more prepared Peels. 6. Oils
from Spices. Brutfe them grofly , (for Ponders
yield, left Oil-,) digeft them 8 or io Days in the
Menftruum you intend, adding Nitre, Salt, or
Tartar : then diftil in a Vefica ; fo will you
have Water and Oil , which feparate : cobohatc the
Water upon the Fatces feveral times , fo will all
the volatil Oil afcend : The Water referve to
make more Oil with , upon frejh Spices. The
weighty Oils (as of Cinamon) will feparate from
the Water, in 14 or 16 Days , by finking to the
bottom. 7. Oils from Aromatick Woods, as Caf-
fia Lignea, Cedar, Cyprefs, Juniper, Rhodium,
Sanders Yellow, Saflkfrafs, Xyloaloes, Ifc. Take
their rafpings , or let their Chips be exceedingly
well bnifed in an Iron Mortar, which digeft a
good while in Water, then diftil by a Vefica : co-
hobate, and continue diftilling for fome Days-, at
length the noble odoriferous Oil will come forth
very fubtil and volatil. 8. Oils from Rofins,
Turpentines, idle. Add to them a good quantity
of Water, and diftil by a Vefica; fo will you have
Water , and an Oil fwimming upon it, ("which Oil
is called Spirit -,) -continue the diftillation, end by
degrees it will be Tellow -, then change the Recei-
ver : Separate this yellow Oil, and keep it by it
felf did tiling till no more appears. This is cal-
led Oil. The Matter remaining is called Colo-
phony. 9. The Replication of Chymical Oils.
They ary relhfied by difti/ling them by a Cucur-
bit, or Vefica, with much Water ; fo will the pure
cetherial Oil afcend, with fome Water, which fepa-
rate. They are aifo rcSified in a Boll-head, with
its Receiver, in which the pure ttherial Oil will
afcend, the thicker Subftance remaining at bottom.

VII. BALSAMS, j. The true {difference
between Chymical Oils and Chymical B a! f am s lies
chiefly in two things, viz - firft the Oil contains
the principal or chief of the fublime and volatil
parts. Secondly, That it is of a thicker Confidence
or Subftance, than the half am ; which as this lat-
ter is lefs fubtil and thicker, fo it is more fit
for old Sores and Ulcers. 2. Hence it appears
that as Oils are the more thin, pure, and ettherial
parts, fo they rife firfi in Difi/lation, from the
Matter they are feparated from -, but the Balfam
is that other thicker Oily Matter , which by the
force of a ftronger Fire , afeends next after the
former pure , cetherial, volatil Oil is drawn off-,
which as it is of a thicker body, fo it is alfo of
a deeper color. 3. Balfams Chymical, are often-
times alfo made in Retfificatio/i of Chymical Oils ;
when drawing off the thin, fubtil, volatil Parts,
or Oil , the thick Balfam is left at bottom. 4. But
they are properly Balfams which (the thin Oil be-
ing drawn off in a Vefica) are afterwards drawn
from the Colophony by a Retort, y. Take the Co-
■ /aphony remaining after the Oil is drawn from
Rofins and Turpentine ; put it into a Retort , and
diftil with a gradual Fire, firft foft and gentle,
then greater , and fo encreafing the Heat, till the
Colophony has given up all its Oily or Balfimick
parts , which will be of a body thick and red. And
this is that which is properly called Balfam;
which if it be reOfied again in a Glafs Retort
in a Sand-heat , will be much more fine and pure.

VIII. P 0 T E S T A T E S, or P 0 W E R S.

I. Take the redified Spirit of the Plant, fuppofe of
Mint, or Pennyroyal, a Pint ; Chymical Oil of the
fame Plant, an Ounce, or fo much as the Spirit
will abforb, or fwallow up : mix them together ,
and keep them for ufe, 2. But if you take the

Jlxt Salt of the fame Plant, and grind it with
bn equal quantity of the vo/atil S'iil Armoniack ;
fub inning and re-f 1 binding , fo long till the fixt
Salt afeends with the Volatil and add 2 Drams
thereof to the former mixture, it will be fo much
the more powerful to all the Intentions for which
the fail Poteftates are ufed. 3. And many times for
want of the particular Spirit of the Plant, whijfi
Powers you would make , the heft redified Spirit
if Wine is ufed as a Succedaneum ; to wl-'ich may
alfo be added, if you pleafe, the volatiliz’d Salt of
the fame Plant, or a volatil Salt of Tartar.

IX. ELIXIRS, r .An Elixir is the fut-
phureous Tindure of any Vegetable, drawn out of
the dried Vegetable, (ground grofiy with Salt if
Tartar in a hot Mortar) with the redified Spirit
of .‘he fame Vegetable, 2. Or thus. Take any
dried Herb or Plant, beat it into grofs Pouder,
which put into a Matrafs or Bolt -head : Take the
Powers of the fame Plant, fix Pftits -, redified.
Spirit of Nitre , 1 2 Ounces : mix, and digeft for
10 Days ; affufe Jo much of this Mixture upon the
former Pouder, as may fupernate 4 or y Inches :
digeft cohl for 20 Days, jhaking the Glafs every
Day ; then decant the clear Liquor, and keep it
for ufe. 3. But you are not always neoejfitated
to ufe Spirit of Nitre ; but may in place thereof
as the nature of the Difeafe may require, take Oils
ot Salt, of Sulphur, or of Vitriol, and digeft with
the Powers as above direSed. 4. Again, by Infu-
fion of any Vegetable (fuppofe Rolemary) in Pow-
ers of the fame, acuatcd with Oil of Salt, and
Salt of the fame, you jhall h;tvc the Elixir thereof.

X. SALTS. 1. Salts Chymical are either
Volatil or Fixed : And tho ’ all Plants have indeed
a volatil Salt , yet the mofi of them having but
little, and that little very difficult to be gotten ,
Authors have taken little or no notice thereof :
Tbofe which really abound with it are but few, of
which Beans, Peaie, and Tartar, are chief The
way of making their Volatil Salts, we Jhall not
declare here, having taught it fully and at large
in their proper places, in the following Book.
2. Fixed Salt of Vegetables is thus made. Firjl
burn or calcine the Herb you would make a
Salt of, into white Afhes -, yet avoiding a too force
or hafiy Burning , left it fhould vitrify. Boil
thefe Afhes in fair Water, to make a Lixivium
of them j which filter thro' jilt ring Brown Paper
by help of a Glafs Funnel. Thu fill red Liquor
Boil in a Glafs Veffel , with a gentle Fire, to. the
confumption of all the Water • Jo will the fixt Salt
of the Plant be left at bottom. 3. If the Salt be
not purely White and Pine, you rnuft diffolve it
again in more fair Water • filter and coagulate by
an abfumption of the Water which work you are
fo often to repeat, till it is freed from 'all Im-
purity, and is very White. 4. Thefe alcalious
Fixt Salts, are very apt to melt in the Air •
but if they be fir (l calcined with Sulphur , jr
much preferves them from that Accident , \nj
makes them withall fome what more grateful to
the Palate.

c 2 CHAP.

XX

I N T R O D

CHAP. XI.

Of the Virtues of Medicines.

1. 'T' H AT fome A hints Hear, fomc Cool, and
I fome Dry , and fomcMo'tftcn, is mamfcjl ;
and ibis is from their Firft Qualities, which arc
found out , firft by their Titjle. Secondly , by their
Smell. Thirdly , by their Operations , or Effclis.
fourthly , by Experience.

II. THAT fome Tlants open ObftruHions , and
fome Hop, as in Catarrhs and fluxes of Blood ;
fome Bind, and fome Relax ; fome Attract, and
fome Repercufs ; fomc Maturate, and fome Ab-
ftcrge, ittc. Thefe Virtues, which arc their Se-
cond Qualities, they draw from their Firft Qua-
lities, but are more perfetl/y known and found
out by Experience, and a continued Series of Ob-
fervations.

III. THAT the Appropriation of Medicaments to
the feveral principal Parts of the Body, has been
found out partly by their Signatures, and partly
by Experience , and fometime by both of them to-
gether : And Jo this Appropriation of them to the
Head and Brain, Nerves, Stomach, Lungs, Pleu-
ra, Heart, Liver, Spleen, Mefentcry, Reins,
Womb, and Joints, is ■ called their Third Qualities.

IV. NOIV IF a Plant is hot and dry, it natu-
rally follows, that it muft refill and be helpful
again ft DiJ cafes, proceeding from cold and moi-
Jiurc : So a/fo if a Plant is cold and moift, it
muff refift and be helpful againft Difeafes pro-
ceeding from heat and drine/s : The fame may be
f aid of Plants hot and mot ft, or cold and dry,
which doubt lefs refift , and are helpful againft
Difeafes proceeding from the oppofite Qualities.

V. THIS being [aid, if we confider what Dif-
eafes afthfl thofe • principal Parts of the Body, and
from what Caufes they proceed ; it follows that
thofe Plants, which are endowed with thoie Firft
Qualities, and witball are in the predicament of
the Third Qualities, muft generally refift and be
auxiliaries in the Curing thofe Diftempers, afflilhng
thofe particular Parts ; and therefore in giving
you the Virtues oft the Medicament , lhd’ there are
in almoft every Plant, and in the Variety of their
Preparations , a great number of Difeafes enume-
rated, againft which they be Good or fdelpful, yet
vie do not intend thereby, that they are Specificks ,
and abfolute Cures for all the Difeafes there na-
med, but chiefly helpful againft the fame ; and in
Compcftlions framed againft fuel) Maladies, may
as a Vis duplicata, add to their Force and EffeUs.

VI. AS FOR Example, take Angelica, Lavender,
or any other Plants, which are hot and dry in the
fecond, third, or fourth degrees, as to their Firft
Qualities; and witball arc appropriated to the
Head, Brain, and Nerves •• We fay that thofe
Plants, and their Preparations, are good for and
helpjul againft all the Difeafes of thofe Parts,
proceeding from cold and moifture, and accord-
ingly we enumerate them, as Catarrhs, or Defluxi-
ons, Megrims, Vertigo's , Appoplextes, Epilepfies,
Lethargies, Carus, Coma, Pa/fies, Cramps , De-

U C T I O N.

fluxions into the Eyes end No/e , beavinefs of the
Head , wcaknefs of the extream Putts, thro 5 the
hurts of the Nerves , Stc. more effect ally if the
Habit of the Body be cold and moifl too. Thefe
and other like Difeafes of thofe Parts , proceeding
from a cold and moifl Caufe , we fay , thefe and the
like Plants are proper for , and helpful in their
Cure , tb(? we do not fay they will alfolutely do
the Work: And yet a great deal is to be faid , if
Alteratives be given in a full Dole, afliduoufly
ufed, not by firs and girds, and continued for -a
good length of time j for fo Nature alls in con -
junction with the Medicine , and the Cure is per-
formed and per/ died at length , which otherwife
could not be either expelled or hoped for.

VII. AGAINyhofe Plant's which are in the Fourth
Qualities of Medicines, are Abftra&ives, which
ablh'ad or take hway all Superfluous Humours ,
Recrements , and Excrements out of the Body , its
Ventricles , or principal Vifcera, and Vejjcls , which
are Emericks, Catharticks, Salivaticks, Ptarmicks,
Emmenagogicks, Diureticks, Lithontripticks, and
Sudorificks, and thefe are faid to be Curative , at
leafl helpful in Curing all Difeafes of Repletion.

VIII. THE KIND of the AbftraUive is to be cho-
fen , according to the fite of the Part, or Parts af-
fiifiled $ and nature of the Difeafes affli&ing.
So if it be the Head, fluft with pit uitous,* cold and
moifl Humours , Ptarmicks are to be chofcn : If
the Stomach, by Surfeits , Fulncfs , Obflruflions ,
J. harp Humours , &c. then Emeticks. If the En-
trails, with Jharp Humours , Colicks , IVorms , &c.
then Catharticks. If all the Juices of the
Body are contaminated, as in the French Difeafe ,
Leprofle , Leuce, Elephantiafis, Efc. then Saliva-
ticks. If the Womb be obflrufted , or the Cour-
fes flopt , then Emmenagogicks. If there be a
repletion of Urine , thro 5 an Obflrulfion of the
Reins, and Urinary Veffels, then Diureticks. If
Gravel, Stones, Etc. in Reins or Bladder , then Li-
thontripticks. If Univerfil Obftru&ions over the
whole Body, with a repletion of Watery Humours ,
as in Dropfles , then Catharticks firfl \ afid Sudo-
rificks afterwards.

IX. AND SO the Difeafes proceeding from Re-
pletion, are enumerated according to ' the Part or
Parts afflided and accordingly the proper Abftra-
Uives are applied , which taking away the Super-
fluous Humours , or Recrements , cauflng , or form
ways conJributing to thofe Difeafes -, thofe particu-
lar Medicaments according to their Kind , are faid to
cure , or be helpful , or contributory to the removal. \
or cure of thofe Difeafes.

X. THOSE HERBS, or Plants, which add Some-
thing to the Body, or its principal Parts, are in
the Fifth Qualities of Medicines , and are
AdduUives, and faid to cure, or be helpful in cu-
ring, all Difeafes of Ablation, viz. fuel: Diflem'
pers as arc c a ufed from the want of fome Nou-
rishment, Juices, or Humours, in order to the
conferva! ion of the whole Body, or of fome parti-
cular and ref pelt ive Parts : And fo they are faid
to be Chylificks, Analepticks, Gala&ogeneticks,
Spermatogeneticks, and Alexipharmicks •, that is
to fay, to cure, or to be helpful in curing , all
Difeafes and Weakncffes, caufed by a deficiency of
what Nature requires, for prefervation of the
Body and its Principal.

XI. A KD THEREFORE theKind of the Add u£Hve

«

XXI

INTRODUCTION.

is to be cbofcn , according to the nature of ‘the
Matter deficient t the Parts affetted and the ap-
proaching Evils to be feared: So if the Tone of
the Stomach is hurt , that it cannot breed good
Chylus, whereby an Atrophy or Pining may be
feared ', Chylificks are to be adminijired , which
are with all Stomachic k, or Stomachicks are to be
added to them. If a grand Wafting of the Flefh
be, as in a Phthifis , or deep Confumption , Afta-
lepticks are of ufe. If a deficiency of Milky then
GalaCtogencticks. If a deficiency of Seed , then
Spermatogeneticks. If Pofton be taken , then the
Vital Powers are to be firengthncd and aug-
mented by Alexipharmicks.

XII. AND SO the Difeafcs proceeding from Ab-
lation, are enumerated, according as the whole
Body , or its Parts may be offered, and accord-
ingly the proper AdduCtives are chofen • which
adding , to Generating , or encreafing the Nutri-
ment, or Juices defective, are feid either to cure,
or fome ways contribute to the cure , of the pre-
vailing lllnejfes , either prefent , or intruding upon
the Patient.

XIII. THIS IS the Method , joined with Expe-
rience, ( and a long Series of Obfervations , thro ’
all preceeding Ages from the firft beginnings of
the Art of Phyfick, by which the Virtues of Me-
dicaments have been invefiigated and found out
and according to which, the Virtues afcribed to
Herbs and Plants in this our Herbal, are ratio-
nally to be accounted for.

CHAP. XII.

Of Doles, Ufes and Appli-
cation.

I. rT",HE DOSES of Alteratives, r. Pouders, if

X temperate , or hot , or cold in the firft de-
gree, may be given from one Dram to two Drams -,
lit the fee on d and third degrees , from half a
Dram to a Dram, or more : In the fourth degree,
from half a Scruple to half a Dram. 2. Infu-
fions, DecoCtions and Waters, from two Ounces to
four , fix, or eight. 3. Extracts, from one Dram
to two Drams. 4. Electuaries, from one Dram to
four, or half an Ounce. $. Elixirs and Powers,
from 30 Drops to 60, or 80 Drops. 6. Clyfters,
a Pint at a time to a Man or Woman -, but to In-
fants and Children , from a quarter of a Pint to
half a Pint.

II. DOSES of AbftraCtives. 1. Emeticks, if of
Antimony, as Tartar Emetick, from three Grains
to eight : If Infufions of Crocus Metallorum, Vi-
trum Antimonij, or Regulus Antimonij, from half
an Ounce to an Ounce -, and if ftrong , from an
Ounce to an Ounce and half, or two Ounces : Eme-
tick DecoCtions of Herbs , from half a Pint to
three quarters of aPint, or Pint. 2. Catharticks,
if Pouders, from a Scruple, or half a Dram, to a
Dram, or Dram and half according to the fire ngth
of the Species , and the Age and Strength of the
Patient -, the Strongeft may be given from half a
Scruple to half a Dram. 3. Lenitive EleCtuaries,

from half an Ounce to two Ounces : Purging E-
leCtuaries , from half an Ounce to an Ounce.
4- Pucging Infufions and DecoCtions , from an
Ounce to fix Ounces , according to their Strength -,
the Strong, from an Ounce to four Ounces ■, the
Strongeft, from an Ounce to two Ounces. %. Pur-
ging Extracts, from half a Scruple to two Scru-
ples. Purging Pills, from a Scruple to a Dram.
6. Purging Salts, from half an Ounce to an Ounce,
or Ounce and half 7. Salivaticks, according to
the Difcrction of the Learned Phyfician. 8. Em-
menagogicks, if Infufions or Decoctions, from a
quarter of a Pint, to half a Pint, or more. If
TinCtures or Elixirs, from two Drams to three
Drams, or half an Ounce, c. Diureticks and Li*
thontripticks, if Pouders, from a Dram to two
Drams : //Infufions or DecoCtions, from a quar-
ter of a Pint to half a Pint, or more : If Salts,
from ten Grains to a Scruple , or half a Dram.
10. Sudorificks, //Infufions, from half a Pint to
three quarters of aPint, or more : 7/ EleCtuaries,
from a Scruple to a Dram, two Drams , four
Drams , or an Ounce. But if an Opiare, you
muft be regulated according to the quantity of
Opium which is in k. If Salts, from half a
Scruple to half a Dram.

III. BUT IN ALL thefe Cafes you are to obferve,
that thefe Rules , nor any other, can be abloluteiy
General, but that different Accidents which may
be, as to the Age , Habit , and Strength of the
Patient, Recency or Inveteracy of the Difeafe, to-
gether with the different Strengths or Weakneffes
of the Medicine , may caufe fome Excepti-
ons, or particular Cautions and Obfervations ne-
cejfary to be known, and which we could not com-
prehend in thefe general Directions • fo that not-
withstanding the Limitations of thefe Dofes in this
place, they muft be proportioned from hence, ac-
cording as the Accidents may be, in refpeft both
to the Patient and the Preparation ■, giving to
Grown Perfons the larger and more com pie at Do-
feswhi/ft to Weak Perfons, Children and Infants ,
they are to be diminifhed , according to their
Weakneffes, Difabilities , and tender Tears.

IV. THE USES of Internal Medicaments.' And
they are to be con fide red, 1. As to the Time of
Giving. 2. As to the Way and Manner of Gi-
ving, FIRST, as to the time of Exhibition, Alte-
ratives may be given in the Morning Fading •
but without doubt , all Aperitives are heft given
at Night , ( but upon an Empty Stomach ) becaufe
there will be the lefts fear the next Day of ta-
king Cold. Catharticks and Emeticks, are beft
given in the Morning, becaufe as the Stomach is
then moft Empty, fo they will the eaficr all upon
the Offending Matter, and the ftooncr Operate *
befides, the better Attendance may be given, in
the time of their Working.

V* SECONDLY, As to the Way and Manner of
Giving them. And this is taken for the moft
part from their Form. 1. Waters Diitilled, Sy-
rups and Juleps , are ufed chiefly as Vehicle s±
to convey other things down the Throat in. 2. In-
fufions, DecoCtions and Wines, are generally gi-
ven by themfelves , dulcified with White Sugar, or
fome proper Syrup. 3. EITences and Juices, are
generally mixed with fome proper Syrup, or with
Wine (as the nature of the Difeafe may require)
fweetned with White Sugar, Honey , or Syrup.
4. TinCtures, if Spirituous, Acid, or Oily, are
almoft always given in a Gifts of dulcified Wine.

But

xxii INTRODUCTION.

But Saline Tinctures, are generally given in fome
Diuretic A Dccottion , fmctned with Syrup of Al-
,tb<ea , or of Par fly, Winter Cherries, &c. 5, Pou-

clers and ExtraUs, if foft , ar<? into Bolus’*
with Honey , P#//? a Roflcd Apple or Pear, or
fome proper Loboch . 6. Bar Extracts, if ft iff

enough to be made into Pills, (while Recent) are
t f wallowed as Pills by themj elves : If kept till they
are hard , they will fcarcely diffolve in the Body ,
but muft be reduced to a foft Elcttuary. 7.
Troches, are to be reduced into a Pouder , and
made into a Bolus with fome proper Syrup , or Ho-
ney. 8. Lozenges are held in the Alouth , and
f wallowed down only at they melt. 9. Eleftua-
lies are f wallowed either as a Bolus, or difjolved
in fome proper Infufion , Dccollion , or Wine ,
fweetned with fome Syrup , Honey , a/- Sugar.
10. Pills are f wallowed by the mf elves, wafhing
them down with fome proper diftilled Water , 1/7-
fufion , Dccoflion, Wine , Julep , PoJJet-drink ,
Broth. 1 1 . Spirits a/r dulcified zvith fome pro-
per Syrup, or mixt with Wine fweetned with Sy-
rup, or White Sugar, and fo taken. 12. Poteftates
and Elixirs, a/^ always given in a G/a/* of
dulcified Wine. 1 3. Oils atvi Ba'ifams, are always
dr opt into foft White Sugar, and fo well mixt
zvith it, then put into a Glafs of fome proper
Wine and fo drank. 14. Salts Eflential, Elemen-
tary, or Fixt, and Volatil, are generally difjolved
in fome proper di f ill'd Water, Infufion , Decofli-
on, or Wine, and dulcified with Syrup , Honey, or
Sugar, and fo f wallowed.

VI. THE APPLICATION of Topicks orExter-
nils. 1 . Lotions are either for Bathing in,or for Wafh-
ing old Sores and Ulcers for Gar gar if ms, for
Sore Mouths and Throats -, or for Injettions into
Pift ul As, the lard, or Womb, to be ufed zvith
proper Syringes. 1. Oils, they are to be anointed
upon the Parts ajfeffed, rubbing them well in.
Morning and Night, or two or three times a
Day. 3. Ointments atfiBalfamS; thefc may be
anointed with all -, alfo they are fpread . upon
Pledgets , and applied to Green Wounds, Old Run-
ning Sores and Ulcers. 4. Pouders thefe arc

0 cither mixed with fome Ointment or Balfam, and
fo applied -, or f imply ftrewed upon the Wound,
Sore or Ulcer. >. Emplafters and Cerates, are to
be fpread upon fupple Cloth .or Leather, and fo
applied fimply upon the naked Tumor , Wound,
Sore or Ulcer , or laid over Pledgets, dreft or
arm'd zvith Bafam, to keep them on. 6. Cata-
plafms are put upon Cloth or Leather , to be ap-
plied to Tumors and Apoftems, to difeufs, foften
or fuppurate. 7. Clylters are to be ufed either
zvith a Clyfter - Pipe and Bladder , or with a Cly-
(ler-Syring , to force it up the Inteftinum reftum,
by the Anus#

VII. IP HE RE NOTE, that Clylters are either
Anodyn, or Healing, or Purging : If Anodyn,
fome choice Opiate is difjolved in it. 1/ Healing,
they are mixed cither with Spirit of Wine, or fome
Oil, Balfam, or Liquid Rofin. But if Purging,
they have alzvays a proportional quantity of Brown
Sugar in them, zvith fome Common Salt •, but no
Oil or Oily body by any means, becaufe they alzvays
blunt the points of the Saline Particles.

CHAP. XIII.

Conclufion of the Intro-
duction.

•

I- ‘ | ' HUS HAVING given you a Jhort Ex-

1. planatory Introduction to our Hiftory of
Plants, without the Knowledge of which, this Work
could not well be underflood , and upon zvhich prin-
ciples a great fart of the Prattifc of Phyfick is found-
ed and built -, the Obfervation of zvhich , is )ruly a
prattifing according to Art , and not agoing hand
over head, and a doing if things at all adventures ,
as Empiricks do, by zvhich the Life of a Patient
is not only put into Danger, but by fuch Empirical
Prattifcs, a thoufand Mf carriages are daily com-
mitted-, to the great prejudice of the Sick , and dif-
reputation of the Medical Arts.

II. M A N 1 GREAT things have been per-
formed by fimple Medicines and Preparations -, and
by that prime and fimple Pratt fe, the Qualities and
Virtues of Simples zvere fir ft inveftigated or found
out. This was tpefi/ft ft ep of Art. Afterwards
when the Vacuities and Virtues of many things were
(if covered, the fucceeding Pratt if ers began to add
one thing to another, which they thought to have
like Virtues -, believing, that two things of equal
ftrength being conjoin'd, the Power and force of
that Medicine muft be doubled -, and indeed it ma-
ny times fucc ceded according to expettation.

III. FROM THESE beginnings, Artifts be-
gan to redouble their Forces, and to multiply Ingre-
dients-, making continually Complex Compofiti-
ons, and f rom the belief of a Vis unita, to form
Compounds, zvhich in procefs of many Ages, be-
came a Magazine or Store-Houfe,as it were, of Re-
medies for all Difeafes -, which they formed into a

■ method of Prcfcriptions , and under proper Titles,-
and particular forms of Preparations -, they made
at length a Repofirory for general Pratt if e, conftft-
ing of a great number of Prefcripts, ferving for all
Indications, and for the Cure of the mofl common
and reigning Difeafes -, which they called by the
name of a Pharmacopoeia or Difpenfatory. ,

IV. THUS THE Medical Arts, under this
natural and primitive Simplicity, continued f»r ma-
ny hundred Tears -, and obtained the name of Hi,p-
procratical and Galenical Phyfick, without any con-
fiderable or manifeft advantage , alteration, or ad-
vance of Reputation except in forming a Farrago
of not only Compound , but decompound Recipes,
which being a Hodge-Podge of Complications,
tended rather to the Detriment and Reproach of
our Art , than the adding of any Honour or Glory
to it -, and thereby reduced the Science from Natu-
ral and Simple Empiricifm, into an Artificial and
Reputable Art of Quackery.

V. T H E A RT T HU S groaning under this
Labyrinth of Misfortunes, by the ill Prattifes of
fuppofed Learned Men -, or rather Empiricks, be-
gan to fink under the Burthen , and indeed would
in a fhort time have been reduced into the. mofl
profound Myftery of Empiricifm, or Quackery •
had it not pleafed God , to make the Light of Chy-
miftry to Arije and Shine upon ns, by the Means

of

INTRODUCTION. xxiii

of that wonderful Spirit , and great Man , Paracel-
fus: who not only JhevPd the weaknejs of Empi-
iicifm, of Galenick Medicines, and Medicafters,
but unvailed and brought the Arts of Me ditine
out of their Rubbifh , and fet them in a true light ,
for the general Good of Mankind.

VI. IF IT BE OBJECTED , that Chy-
mifiry was in being long before Paracelfus was
Born. To this we anfwer, Jo was the Circula-
tion of the Blood before our Great Harvey : But
as it was Harvey, who firfl brought the Circulation
to Light , for the reforming , and more full eluci-
dating the Art of Phyftck * fo we fay , that it was
Paracelfus who brought the Light of Chymifiry to
arife and fhine in our Horizon and let us into
its Secret Recejfes , fie wing us all its ' hidden
Treafures , and brought them fortb for the Glo-
ry of our Art , the Increafe of true Medical
Knowledge , and an Univerfal Good.

VII. YE T JVE DO NOT SAT. \ that the
Old Phyfick is wholly to be cajt away : There
are many (thd Simple) excellent things in it -,
which . by a Skilful and Prudent Phyfician may be
excerpted , and college d together and which if
conjoined with the Chymical, open into a great
Yield of Knowledge , and wonderful Productions,
that not onlyKfhew us the Genefis, but alfo Ana-
lyfis of all natural things and with what an

. amazing Harmony they fympathize with Human
Bodies , and how admirably they confpirc to Ope-
rate in Mankind , to the extirpation of Difeafes ,
and fupport of Life , again ft whatever may be op-
pofitc to Health, and the well-being of a Living
Man.

VIII. THE NEXT thing then which the Phyfician
had in h'is View , was the Compofiti'on andStruflure
of the Human frame, that thereby he might know
how the Body grew, and was nourifhed , and by
what means it might fall to decay, and fo fail.
And ft nee tJ)6 Growth and Nourifhment was from
the Matter received in by the Mouth into the
Stomach, they conCtdered that there was an innate
Property in that Vifcus, viz. Natural Spirits,
to convert the received Pood into a kind of nou-
rifhing Juice, which the Greeks (our fir ft' Phy "
ficians ) were pleafed to call Chylus, which being
more forfeited in the Entrails, was thence con-
dulled by proper Veffels , and conveyed to the
Heart ■, where being converted into Blood, it was
thence by the Arteries difiributed over the whole
Body , to contribute to its encreafe of Magnitude,
and nourifhment of all its Parts, that it might
not fall to decay. The Meanders, or Ways, by
which this Bloody Juice pafi and re pafi, was dij-
covered by Difle&ion of the Human Carcafe -, how
it pafi from the Hearf by the Arteries, to almtft
every individual Part of the Body, for its Nu
trition -, and how, what was more than was fit
for that Purpofe , was returned by the Veins to
the Heart again -, which' for that rcafon feems
to be the fountain of the Vital Spirits, 'and fo by
a perpetual Circulation, confervcs the Microcojm
in a,, .habitual State of Life and Strength. And
by the fame Art , they came to a difeovery of
the Nervous Syltem, ( whofe Original is in the
Head) by which the Animal Spirits, generated in
the Brain, were conveyed thro1 the whole Man,
giving Scnfe or Peeling, Life and Motion, to every
part of the fame.

IX. HOW THE Body fell to decay, or failed, w,is
the next Confideration , which was either , I. By
External Accidents, by Blows, Palls, Cuts, P if n-
Uures, Gunfhot, &c. from -whence came Cont ufions.
Wounds , fluxes of Blood, Ulcers , fr allures, Lux-
ations, Difmembrings, and lofs of Sub fiance, which
direllcd them to Topicks , or External Applica-
tions, whence from a long Series of Experiences,
arofe the Praftife and Art of Chirurgery. ‘II. Or
internal, from a defect of Natural Spirits in the
Stomach and Bowels, whereby their Tone, or in-
nate concottivc Property being hurt, they either i.
generated. a bad Chylus, which did not Nourifh as
it ought to do, but either profiigated the Blood and
Lymph#, by depauperating them-, or olherwife
created a tartarous kind of Mucilage , by which
not only the Veffels thro> which it was to pafs were
obfirulfed , but the Vifcera alfo them [elves were
perturbed in their Operations , by glutinous Slime,
Sand, Gravel, Stones , &c. Or 2. They generated
not Chylus enough to nourifh and fufiain the
External Man, whereby the Body falls into LaJJi-
tudes or Weaknejfes , Dinings, and a lingering Con-
Jumpi ion -, which if not prudently remedied, and
that in time, reduces the poor Patient to .a meer
Skelton, and fo making him pafi hopes of ’ Cure,
fends him decently to bis Grave. An indigefted
Chylus, or defective in its quantity, as it creates
a depauperated Blood . and Lympha, fo it makes
either weak Vital Spirits, or a deficiency of them,
whence comes Paint nefs, Languifhings, and the like,
and an univerfal decay of the Strength of the
whole Man. And according to the poverty of the
hlood and Lympha, fuch alfo are the Animal Spi-
rits proceeding from it, from whofe weaknefs or
decay, proceed all the Nervous^ D ifeafes afflicting
the Body, as Tremblings, Numb nefs, lofs of
Strength and Alotion , Convulfions , P a Ifies, &c.

X. THE BODT being thus affiiffed with
Difeafes , it was natural to believe , that they
could not be without their proper Signs, by which
they might be known, as alfo feveral aitendent
Symptoms i all which muft arife from feme certain
Caufe, or Caufes > the Signs of which Caufes,

( which they call Diagnofticks) they daily learnt
from Obfervation. 'Ihefe Caufes, whether Original
or Accidenral, they gradually fearched out, that
the Sources whence they were derived, might be
at length difeovered . All which was abfolutely

nccejfary towards the inveftigation of the Cure :
Por that without the Caufe was known and remo-
ved, de EffeQs thereof, viz. the Difeafe, could
not ceafe , or be taken away. As Difeafes then
appeared in the World, they obferved the Signs ac-
companying them , and the Symptoms which many
limes accrued , which they fet down in Writing,
under the Names of thofc feveral Difeafes. And
enquiring into the Courfe of the Patients Life,
and what Accidental Matters might alfo happen, at
the introitum of the Difeafe, the antecedent Caufes
of the Malady, became in fome me afire manifcli.
Whence by a great number of Remarks, not only
the Antecedent and Remote Caufes came to be
difeovered, but alfo the conjoined and near Cau-
fes, were at length brought to Light : Prom whence
the Diagnoftick part of the Art, received its lliu-
firation. Again, from the Greatnefs or Lightnefs
of the Caufes •, from the impending Symptoms,
as they feenfd more or lefs dangerbus and from
attending to the end of the Difeafe, thro a long
Series of Obfervations-, being all rationally conji-
dered together , the Prognoftick Precepts were edu-
ced. And if the Difeafe was thought Curable , the

kdi-

XXIV

INTRODUCTION.

Indications of Cure, voluntarily flowed from the
vtprbfick fate of the Sick , which proceeded i.
from the Caufes Antecedent and Frcfcnt. 2. From
the nature of the Difeafe, whither Similar , Orga-
nic/:, or Common. 3. From the Symptoms., as be-
ing Dangerous , or not. 4. From the Vital Powers,
rejpethng the Strength or Weaknefs of the Dif-
eafed Body.

XI. ART BEING by thefe Advances ,
and Jo many Degrees , or Steps , brought on towards
Perfeflion what remains for the Learned Pro-

.feffor to do ? Truly to know what Difeafe it is
which afflicts the P erf on, and by the Crifis, and
manifejl Symptoms, to make his Medical Progno-
Jiicks , whether the Patient be Curable or not that
he may do every thing for the Reputation of his
Arty and of himfelf So that if he fees the Sick
paft hopes of Recovery, he may decline his At-
tacks, and let the Relatives and Attendcnts know
the Danger impending. But if there be Hopes of
Life, (t ho' but [mail ) he may make his Artful and
Mafierly Prefcriptions, according to the Indica-
tions of Cure, which with a Rational and Modejl
ajfurancc , he may hope and conclude, will not go
without their dcfired Ejfefls.

XII. LIKE ^15 THE Art of Rhetorick
.was not ihe foundation of Oratory, or of the
fir ft Orators , Demolthenes, Cicero, Lfc. but the
Orators the foundation of the Art, out of whofc
unexampled Oratipns, all its Precepts and Rules

Black-Friers, London.

mere Excerpted , or Gleaned , and by Wife Melt
reduced into the form of an Art, by which all
fucceeding Rhetoricians regulated and made their
Orations : So the Medical Art , and all its Rules ,
even the Fabrick of the whole Art , mas Reared and
Built out 0) Empiricifm, or Quackery ; and its
Original or Foundation, was laid by Empiricks or
Quacks, (as the Learned are p leafed to phrafe it)
and that the firfi Phyficians were no other than
Empiricks, Quacks, or Tryers of Skill ; out of
whofe Trydls , Obfervations and Pratfifes, fame
Wife Men colleLted a Set of Precepts and Ru'les ■
which being reduced into Method , we now call
the Art of Phyjtck. But all the to be deplored
Misfortunes of the. Art is, that it makes not a
great many Real Phyficians, but too many Ignorant
or Conceited Dollars, and too great a number of
Formal and Rattle-headed Empiricks or Quacks.

XIII. W H A T W E have farther to fay Is
to commend the ftneere Lovers of Art , to the
good Providence of God. That in their Search
and Enquiries into Nature, and unravelling (as it
were) the Rules and Precepts of Medicine, they
may find the Anfwer of their ExpeSatwns\ and
have their Minds or Souls, cnlightned with the
Splendor and prevailing Excellencies , of true
Wifdom and Knowledge fo as to be able to per-
form the Great things , wrapt up in the My/leries
of this Science they are Prof effort of-, for the
Good of the Sick, their own Benefit and the Repu-
tation of the ART of P H TS I C K.

W. S A LMON.

ADVERTISEMENT.

IRequeft all thofe Gentlemen and others , who fend Letters to me , about their own
Concerns, to be fo Civil, as to pay Portage for them ^ or elfe they may expert to go
without an Anfwer. It is not reafonable that I (hould be at Charge for Perfons, I have no
Acquaintance withall, and the Bufinefs their own. I (hould not fay this, was it but now
and than a Letter. But to receive about two thoufand Letters a Year (as I have formerly
done) upon other Peoples Affairs, or fome trifling Matter, and to pay Portage for them,
makes a conliderable Sum. And befides, it is as Burthenfome and Troublefome to Aofwer
hem, as it is Chargeable to Receive them.

t •

I

s

H

P 1

OfANOLOi

THE

ISTO

O F

L A N

11 A:

RY

TS.

liber Trimus.

O F

Englifh Herbs

and Plants.

CHAP. I.

O/ADDERS -TONGUE.

I. P ■ ^ H E, Names. It is called in Grwek
■ ’O^ioyhuojov j in 'Larin, Lingua Ser-
pentis , Lingua Serpentina , Lingua
-M V ulner aria, Argentina, Lancea Chrijri,

Herba Lucciola, Ophiogloffon : in Englijh , Adders
Tongue, and Serpents Tongue.

II. The Kinds. There is properly but One Species,
which is fometimes miffhapen, and therefore are cal-
led the Common and miffhapen : and differ only in
one or two things : the latter has fometimes two or
three ftalks, and fometimes but one ftalk •, and fome-
times two or three Crooked Tongues.

III. The Defcription. The Root is ftnall and Fi-
brous, abiding under Ground all Winter, from which
rifles up but one leaf, which with the ftalk, arifes
not above jive or fix Inches from the Ground, being
flat or thick , and of a frefh green colour , not much
unlike inform to the head of a broad Javelin, or ra-
ther the leaves of Water Plant ane, but leffer, with-
out any middle rib in it : from the bofom or bottom
of which leaf, on the infide, rifles up ordinarily one
fmalh fender ftalk, about two or three, and fome-
times four Inches long , the upper part of which is
fomewhat bigger, and dented with fmall round dents,
of a yellowifh green colour, much refembling an Ad-
ders-Tongue (whence the name) which never fhews
any other flower, and vanifhes away without yield-
tag any Seed.

IV. The P laces. It grows in tnoift Meadows in
moft parts of England •, in the Meadows by Cole-
brook in the Fields in Waltham-Forreft ■, in a Mea-
dow near Barton , as you go from Oxford to Stow-
Wood: in a Clofe near Botely on the Weft-fide of
Oxford •, and in many Meadows in Kent, Sujfex and
Surrey, as alfo near London, and feveral other parts
of this Kingdom.

V. The Times. It is in its Prime in April and
May, and flourifhes fometimes till the beginning of
June : but a little heat quickly makes it vanifh.

VI. The Qualities. It is hot in the firft degree,
and dry in the fecond degree. It is Cleanfing, Altrin-
gent, Sarcotick, and Traumatick, or Vulnerary ^ by
appropriation, it is Arthritick and Hepatick. It
is alfo an Alterative, and Antifebritick.

VII. The Specification. It is Vulnerary, good to
heal Wounds, broken Bones and Ruptures. Mr. Ray
faith , that Baptifta Sardus affirms that the Pouder
of the Herb, being given Inwardly for fome time,
will Cure all Ruptures whatfoever. And Mat thiol us
in his Epitome fays, that the frefh leaves being
applied, not only heal Wounds after a wonderful
manner, but alfo Cure Ruptures, Burnings and Scald-
ings.

VIII. The Preparations. There are no Preparati-
ons of it kept in the Shops : but if you pleafe you

& may

2 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

may nuke from it, I. A Juice. 2. A Pouder. 9. ji
Suphureous Tincture. 4. A Saline 'Tincture, y. An
Oily Tincture. ,6. An EJfence. 7. An Ointment.
i>. A half am. 9. ACataplafm.

The Virtues

IX. T he Juice Clarified , cleanfes Ulcers outward-
ly, and heals Ulcers in the Lungs, which it the foon-
er performs, if digefted with Spirit of Wine : it al-
fo flops Vomiting and a little Nitre being difTol-
ved in it, it is profitable againft the Gout ; and fo
drunk inwardly takes away the heat of Fevers.

X. T be Pouder of the leaves , &c. given from half
a Dram to a Dram, flops bleeding inwardly, over-
flowing of the Terms, as alfo bleeding at Mouth
and Nofe, and other fluxes of Blood, being appli-
ed : ftrewedupon Ulcers, it cleanfes and drys them,
and difpofes them to healing.

XI. The TinSure of the dryed Herb in Spirit of
Wine , heals Wounds admirably, being waflred there-
with mixed with Wine, and dries up Ulcers : fo al-
fo being taken inwardly from a Dram to 2 Drams.

XII. The Saline TinSure , drawn with Spiritus
Univerfa/is, allays all Inflammations, and difeufleshot
Tumors : taken inwardly it is good againft burning
Fevers, is Traumatick, and heals all inward Wounds
and Ulcers, as alfo bruifes of Brell, Stomach, and
other Vifcera.

XIII. The Oily TinSure , drawn with Oil of Tur-
pentine, Cures not only all Green Wounds of the
Nerves and Tendons, but alfo a Cold Gout, as alfo
Aches, Fains, and Lamenels, from a cold Caule by
anointing therewith: it alfo difeuffes Tumors and
the beginning of Apoftems, and puts a Hop to the
Itch, and fpreading Ulcers.

XIV. The EJfence. It is Vulnerary, good againft
the bitings of Mad Dogs, Serpents, or any other
venomous Creature. It refills Poyfons, and all forts
of burning Fevers. Dofe from a quarter of an ounce
to half an ounce, mixt in any proper Vehicle.

XV. The Ointment. It is made by boiling the
green leaves (hred 2 Pounds, Sheep Suet, Oil Olive,
ol each half a Pound, till ths H«b 1$ crifp, which

prefs out, putting in as much more frelh Herbs, boil-
ing and prelfing out as before, then adding to the
Itrained matter 12 Ounces of Turpentine, which mix
together. It Cures not. only Green Wounds but alfo
cleanfes and heals Inveterate and Putrified Ulcers ;
alfo Burnings and Scaldings in a very Ihort time. 1

XVI. The Ba/fam, made of the Juice, and Stras-
burgh Turpentine, is as good a Vulnerary as can or-
dinarily be ufed ; for it commonly heals any Simple
Wound at firft drefling : and applyed with a Truls is
good againft Ruptures, the Pouder of the Herb be-
ing alfo given inwardly.

XVII. The Catanlafm, made of the Green Herb
and pure Yellow Sweet Palm Oil, Cures the Gout’
or any Pain in the Joynts, being applyed for fometime!

CHAP. II.

Of ADONIS- FLOWER.

I. r~T'He Nantes. It is called in Greek ’iehftfMr;

JL in Latin, Eranthemum , Adonis , Flos Adoni-
dis, 8c Flos Adonis : in Englilh, Adonis J lower , Red
Camomile Red Mairhes , Pheafants Eye.

H. The Kinds. It is numbred among thofe Herbs
which are femine nudo polyfperme : and it leems
there are two chief Species of it, viz. that with
Red Flowers, called Flos Adonis fiore Rubro : the
other with yellow flowers called Adonis flore Luteo.

III. TheDefcription. It has a root with very many
Jlender , weak, f mall and thready flrings,perifhmg eve-
ry year ; from this root rifes up fever a! Jlender weak
folks , trailing or leaning to the Ground, fet on every
part with fine jagged leaves, very deeply cut , like thofe
of Camomil, or rather thofe of Mayweed, upon which
Stalks , arifing afoot higher or better, do grow fmall
red flowers, conf fling of 6 or 6 round leaves , almofl
like Field Crowfoot, having a blackifh green head, or
pointel in the middle, fet round about with many black-
ifh threads, without any finell at all-, after the flowers
are pafl, there grows up heads with many roundijh
white feeds at the tops of them, fet dofe together, very

like

Chap,

‘EngUJI) Herbs.

like unto the heeds or feeds of the greet Ox Eye , or
not much unlike to a little Bunch of Gropes: The
Plant rifes ofJts own Seed again , many titles before
Winter , 'ichiw will abide till the next year. That
with the yellow fewer is much like the former, but its
Jielks and leaves ere of a more dilute Green.

IV. The Pieces. The Red grows in the Weft part
of England amongft Corn, jult as Mayweed does in
other parts, and is likewile an enemy to Corn, as
Mayweed is : trom thence (for the Beauty of the
flower fake) the Seed has been brought into fome
Gardens : The Yellow is a Granger in England , un-
lefs Nurfed up in Gardens*

V. The 'Times They flower in the Summer Months,
as May , June , July and Auguft , as the Year falls
out to be early or late : and the feed is ripe foon
after, and prelently falls away, if not Gathered.

VI. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the firft
degree ^ but Bauhine and Tabermontanus lay they
are hot and dry in the fecond ^ yet by the tafte we
can hardly judge fo. They are Difcufiive, Digeftive,
Aperitive and Carminative: and by appropriation they
are Stomatick, Hepatick and Nephritick, and of the
kind of Alteratives.

VII. The Specif cat ion. T hey are faid to be Specificks
againft Colic k , and Stone , which Parkinfon lays has
been confirmed by Experience ^ a dram of the feed
being given in fome fpecifick Vehicle.

V III. T be Preparations. The Shops keep nothing of
it, but you may make, i. A Ponder of the Seed.
2. A Sulphureous Tin Jure. 3. A Saline Tintture.
4. A Chymicel Oihof the Seed. 5. An E (fence of the
Herb. 6. A Bath of the Herb.

• •

The V irtues.

IX. The Ponder of the Seed. It powerfully expels
Wind, is good againft Griping of the Bowels and
Colick, and expels Sand and Gravel from the Reins
and Bladder: it alfo ftrengthens the Stomach, and
caufeth a good Digeftion.

X. T he Sulphureous Tiridute. It is made of the
Seed,and is Stomatick and Carminative, good againft
pains of Head, Stomach and Belly : helps in the
Vertigo, and cures a violent Flux. Dofe from one
Dram to two Drams in fome fit Vehicle.

XI. The Saline Tinthirc. It is made both of Seed
and Herb, and has all the virtues of the former :
befides which it is an excellent thing againft moft
Difeafes of the lower Ventricle : it powerfully opens
all Obftruflions, and expels both Wind and Water
out of the Bowels ; and has a more lingular and Spe-
cifick force againft Stone and Gravel, whether in the
Reins or Bladder, or any other matter obltruffing
thofe parts. The Dofe is from half a dram to a
dram, or dram and half in White Wine.

XII. The Chymical Oil. It gives prefent eafe in the
Stone and ftoppage of Urine, if given from fix drops
to twelve in a Glafs of White Wine, or Parfley or
Rrfmart Water. Drop it firft into Sugar, Which mix
well together, and then mix it with the Liquor, and
fo let it be taken morning and evening. It provokes
Urine powerfully, gives immediate eafe in the Pain,
expels the Gravel, and is an admirable thing againft
the Colick.

XIU. The Ejfence. It has the Virtues of the Seed,
but not altogether fo powerful: daily taken, it
ftrengthens the Stomach, and is good againft the
Scurvy ;n a cold Habit of Body: Dofe one Spoonfulor
better, in Ale, Beer, Wine, or in fome proper Water.

XIV. T he Bath. It is made of the Herb boiled, in a
fufficient quantity of Water, in which a little Caftile
or Venice , or Genoua Soap is dilfolved. It opens the
Pores, cleanfes the Skin, and is good againft a Rheu-
tnatilm, and pains of the Bowels and Joints, by fit-

ting for fome time in the Bath fomething more than
Blood Warm, and feveral times repeating of the fame.

CHAP. Ill;

Of AGRIMONY Common and
Bajiard.

I- ‘ t '-HE Names. It is called in Arabick Gnaphat ,
J- Gnatzfat : in Greek ’Eut«t oe*ov. (of Eu-
pator the firft Founder of it, as Pliny faith:) in La-
tin Eupatonum , Hepatorium (as being good for
the Liver,) Agrimonia-. and in Englifh Agrimony.
The Ballard Agrimony knows no Greek name : and
is called in Latin Agnitmnoides.

II. T he Kinds. It is accounted amongft the num-
ber of Spiked Plants, and has feveral Species,
as, 1. The Common Agrimony, i. The Bajiard. j.T he
Water Agrimony, w'flvc'a is both male and female. The
Common again is either fweet lcented, or not fweet
Rented.

III. The Defcription. Common Agrimony has a
root black , long, and fomewhat Woody , abiding
many years , and J hooting out afrejh every Spring ,
from which arifes one fialk fomewhat hoary and tohi -
tijh , hard and round, half a yard high (plus minus)
from whence comes forth divers long Leaves, fome
greater, fome leffer , fet upon a Jla/k, all of them
dented about the edges, fomewhat greyifh under-
neath, and hairy withall: and from the main fialk.
alfo arifes fome f mailer leaves fet here and there-
towards the top whereof grows many frnall yellow
flowers, one above another in long f pikes, after which
comes many rough feeds , hanging down like tofmall
Burrs, which when they are ripe, wt/l catch hold,
and flick upon Garments, or any thing which Jhall
rub againft them : the, whole T/ant is of a pretty
pleafing fmell.

I V. The fweet feented or Aromatick differs little or
nothing from the former, except in the fmell, fo that
he that knew the one may certainly know the other-,
but the T hint is fomewhat lefs , wit h rounder and whi-
ter leaves, and the root of a darkifhred, but the tafte
B 2 and

4

Salmons Herbal.

Lib. I.

and J'mell of this much furpajfes the common , as be
ing Aromatical an:l Aftringcnt.

V. The Agrimonoides, w Baftard Agrimony has a,
root finally reddifh .and Woody , abiding all the Win -
ter, from whence arife's many long , foft and hairy
Leaves next the Ground , one upon a long hairy

Loot half which are cut and divided into many parts
and Leaves , /even for the moft part , three on each
Jidc , <7^.-/ one at the end, but having fome f mailer
. ones between them , much like to Common Agrimony,
yet fomewbat rounder than they , and all of them
J'm filer dented , and Jbarper pointed , <?/ dark green
Colour on the upper fide , and Greyifh underneath.
Amidft thefe Leaves rifes up fever al Stalks ,
fully j landing upright , but leaning downwards , on
which are placed very sparingly fuel? like Leaves as
before deferibed , but fmaller and rounder , with
f mall pieces at the joynt r of every of them. At the
Top comes forth three or four hairy green husks like
Cups , dented at the Brims , out cf which comes forth
a fmall yellow flower , //dr Common Agrimony,
jc/ fometimes fcarcely appear above the husks , ;/7
which , after they are fallen and pa ft , /<?/?£

round Seeds appear like Grains of Wheat , two ft and-
ing together , //dtf to fmall Lumps , /</// out of

the husky the mf elves when they are ripe , leaving the
husk empty and gaping. The Tafte of the Plant is
bitter and alfterging,and fmells like fweet Agrimony.

VI. The Places. The • Common grows near the
fides of Hedges in Meadows, and by Borders of
Groves and Copfes, in moft parrs of England and
Germany , and in many other Countreys'- I have
found both the Common and fweet Scented , growing
Wild in the Plantations of South Carolina , The
fweet Scented grows with us only in Gardens, but
is Natural to Italy in many Places.

VII. The Baftard is found in fome places of this
Land by dry Ditch fides, where the Earth is light,
hollow, loofe and fandy : Columna found it in Na-
ples : and Bauhinus lays he found it in many Places
of Italy : It grows generally in Untill’d places, a-
mong Briars, Brambles, and fuch like.'

fill. The Times. The Common and Sweet Scented
Flower in July a\\T Augu ft, and their Seed is ripe
in a fhort time after ^ but in warmer Climates it
comes to its Perfection much fooner. The Baftard
Flowers in April and May, and comes to Perfecti-
on the latter end of May, or beginning of June, and
the Seed is ripe foon after.

IX. The Vitalities. They are all of them hot
and dry in the fir ft Degree, but the Aromatick
fomething hotter. They are Difcuffive, Aperitive,
Cieanfing, a little Aftringent, Traumatick or Vulne-
rary, and Strengthening: And by appropriation,
Stomatick, Elepatick, Splenetick, and Nephritick :
and of the ftock of Alteratives.

X. The Specification. They are Specificks in
curing old Ulcers, Pilling Blood, and the Hepatick
Flux : and indeed are good againft moft Difeales of
the Liver, for which reafon they are accounted No-
ble Hepaticks : The Baftard is fa id to be excellent
in drying up Catarrhs, its Fume (burnt green) be-
ing received into the Mouth and Throat by a Fun-
nel.

XI. The Preparations. The Shops keep of the
Common Agrimony, i. The dryed Leaves and Tops .

■?. A Difttlled Water of the whole Plant, gathered in
June. ?. A Syrup of the Juice. But befides thefe
you may make from all the Plants, the following
Preparations. . 4. An Inf pi fate or Liquid Juice of
Leaves and flowers. 5. An Ejfence of the whole
green Plant. 6. A Pouder. 7. A Sulphureous
Tinthre. 8. A Saline Tinffure. 9. An Gily
Tin flu re. 10. ABaJfam. 1 1. A fixed Salt of the
whole Plant Calcined.

The Virtues.

XII. The dryed Leaves and Topfi They are
Hepatick, and good againft any inward weaknefs of
the Bowels 5 and are kept moftly to make Infufions,
Deceptions, Wines of, &c

XIII. The Diftilled Water, It is ufed as a Vehicle

to give any other of the Preparations of this Herb
in, in any of the following Cafes: Dofe is from ii
ounces to iv. or vj. J'

XIV. T/jt’ Syrup. It is an excellent PeCtoral, good
againft Coughs, Colds, Afthma’s, Wheezings, and
moft other Diftempers of the Breft and Lungs -
and is commended againft the Rickets in Children.
Uo|e1™ j- ounce to ij. morning, noon, and night.

XV. The Juice Liquid and Infpijfate. It Power-
fully opens Obltruftions of all the Vifcera , and has
all the Virtues of the Eflence: The Liquid may be
given from ij. ounces to iv. in a Glafs of Wine ■
The Infpiflate to iij. drams, dilTolved in Wine, and
lo taken faffing.

XVI. T be hi (fences of the whole Plants. They are
approved to be good againft Putrefaftion of the
blood, Obltruchons of the Liver and Spleen, and
other Vifcera-, againft the yellow, black, and green
Jaundice, Dropfies, (by ftrengthening the Bowels and
parts attetted, after Purges and Diureticks) inward
Wounds and Btuifes,bitings and ftingings of Serpents
or other Venomous Creatures, the Flux of the

Strangury , Colick, Coughs, Afthma’s,
Dileaies of the Breft and Stomach, fait and thin
Catarrhs, all forts of Agues, Palfies, pains of the
Spleen and Hypochonders-, the Plague or Peftilence
bitings of mad Dogs* Greenficknefs, Tertian and
Quartan Agues. They contribute much, being taken
inwardly, to the healing of old Sores, and long con-
tinued Rebellious and running Ulcers. Dofe is
from iij. drams to j. ounce, in Wine, Mead, Cyder
or Ale: Dropt into foul running Ears it cures them ■
mid drop: into the Eyes it ftrengthens the Eye-fight!
They flop aU Fluxes of the Bowels and Fluxes of
Blood, open Obftruflions of the Reins, and Urina-
ry Panages. Taken Dieteticallv they are Traumarick
or Vulnerary.

XVII. The Pouder in made of the dryed Herbs. Be-
ing applyed it flops Bleeding in Wounds of any Part :
It it is thus Compounded it will be better. Take
of the Pouder of the' dryed Herbs , j. ounce ; Catechu
Pouder of Toads, Man's Blood dryed and Ponder’d of

each half an ounce ; mix them for a Pouder to flop Bleed-
ing internally or externally, which it does incompara-
bly : It drys up Catarrhs, and is good againft tile
Dropfy. Dofe from half a dram to a dram, at night.

XVIII. The Sulphureous TinSure. It has all the
Virtues of the Eflence, befides which it is more dry-
ing and healing. Dole from j. dram to ij. drams.

It ftrengthens the Stomach admirably, refills Vomit-
ing, and caufes a good Digeftion.

XIX. The Saline Tintture. It has alfo all the
Virtues, of the Eflence, but is much more powerful
againft all obltruGions of the Vifcera, as Liver,
Spleen, Womb, Reins, (Sc. It opens the ftoppages
of the Urinary Paflages, bringing away Sand , Gra-
vel, Filth, Matter and Slime. Dofe from j. dram
to ij. drams or more. Outwardly it is good againft
old Sores, running Ulcers, inveterate Scabs, Cankers,
and the like in any part of the Body.

XX. The Oily Tinilure. It cures Palfies, Lame-
liels, Numbnefs, and all Pains and Aches, proceed-
ing from a cold Caufe : it gives eafe in the Sciatica,
and helps the cold Gout; it ftrengthens the Nerves'
Mulcles, Veflels and Weakned Joynts, after Diilo-
cations, and flops a Flux of Blood in any Part. In-
wardly taken it is good againft the Colick, Gravel,

Stone.

*EngUfb ‘Herbs,

5

Stone, and obftruclion of the Reins, Ureters and
Bladder, and may be given from x. drops to xx. in a
Glafs of White Wine.

XXI. The Balfam. It cures green Wounds fome-
times at firft drelling, more especially if to ij. ounces
hereof, half an ounce of Balfam de Chili is mixed,
and fo applved to the Part, the Blood and Filth be-
ing firft waftit away with a little Spirit of Wine or
Brandy. It cures alfo old S^res , Ulcers , Scurf,
Morphew, inveterate Scabs, Ifubborn and rebellious
Fiftula’s, and other like affefts of the fiefliy parts.
It draws forth Nails, Thorns, and Splinters ol
Wood , or other things gotten into the Flefh,
ftrengthening much the Nerves, Ligaments and
Joynts , it is a lingular thing to cure wounds of the
Head.

XXII. T he fixed Suit. It Purifies the Blood and
Vifcera by Urine, deftroys the Acidities of the
Lungs, and the acritude of the firft Digeftions, Fe-
vers, ac. Dofe is j. fcruple or more, in any fit
Vehicle.

CHAP. IV.

Of Water AGRIMONY the .Male
Kind.

I. U E Names. It is called in Greefi, 'Ev-mii.

eiov'ivvS&v A dppwiKov y.vot , In Latin, Eupa-
torium aquaticum mas , Eupatonum Cannabinum mas ,
Agrimonia aquatica mas : In Englijh , Water Agrimony
Male, alfo Agrimony Hemp-like , and by Gerrard ,
Butch Agrimony.

II. The Kinds. It is of the third Species of
Agrimony • and of the Water Kind it is the firft,
which is the Male, of which it is the Genus to

three other Kinds, viz. i. Our Englijh Male
Water Agrimony. 2. The New-England , or Hemp -
like Agrimony. 3. The Virginian Kind.

III. The Defcription. The Root is full of thready
firings of a mean Bignefs ^ from whence fpring up
long round Stalks and. fomewhat rcddijh , about a Tard
high or more, which are befet with long green Leaves ,
indented about the edges -, whereof you jhall commonly
Jce five or f even, hanging upon one Stem, like Hemp
Leaves , but yet f of ter. The blowers are Little , of
a pale rcddijh Colour , confining of Round foft Tufts ,
which fiand upon the top of the- Sprigs , and at length

■ vanifh azmy into Down.

IV. The New-England Kind, is like the former,
but has a hairy brittle Stalk , and narrow l eaves,
fome dented , and fome not, two , three , or four Inches
long a Piece , and half an Inch broad, or lefs: the
flowers confijl of M.oJJie pale Threads on every Branch,
out of J, mall green Husks or Heads, which with the
Seeds is almojl infenfibly carried away with the
Wind, fo that one would think it to have jto Seed at
all.

V; The Virginian has a great, hard, /olid, brown *
round Stalk , of three, four, or five foci high , is
wonderfully full of Long Branches, from the ' bottom.
Jet with Joynts, J potted red, on the younger green
ones, with large green Leaves on them, havihg below
five Leaves on a Stalk , thofe upwards but three, yet
larger than the former -, the flowers and Seed are alfo
larger, not rough but fmooth, blackifh, and flat, with-
out fharpnefs of Tafie.

VI. The Places. The Englijh grows about the
brinks of Ditches, and in Plalhes, as alfo on the
edges of wet Grounds , and Handing and running
Waters, almoft every where. *

VII. The Times. It Flowers in July and Augufi -,
and in Winter the Stalks and Leaves wither away,
but the Root is faid to continue.

VIII. The Vitalities. It is hot and dry in the firft
Degree: Is Aperitive, Abfterfive, and Vulnerary: It
is by appropriation Hepatick and Splenetick •, and of
the number of Alteratives. But the Root as Gef-
ner thinks is Emetick.

IX. The Specification. I am Informed by a Wor-
thy Gentleman, that it particularly cures the Kings-
Evil, and all forts of Ulcers and fifiulTs -. which
peculiar properties he knew it had by Experience.

X. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing
hereof -, but you may Prepare therefrom, 1. A
Juice. 1. A Ponder of the Herb. 3. A Decoction.
4. A Balfam. 5. A Sulphureous Tintlure. 6. A
Saline Tintlure. 7. An Oily Tintlure. 8. An
Effence. 9. A fixed Salt. 10. A Wine of the Root.

The Virtues.

XI. The Juice. It attenuates and makes thin
grofs Humors , cleanfes and purifies the Blood, is
good againft the Scrophula in Men, and the Rickets
in Children. Dofe from j. Ounce to iij. mixt with
Ale or Wine, in the Morning Falling: It is alfo
good againft Tertian Agues.

XII. The Ponder. It has the fame Virtues, and
may be given from j. dram to ij. drams, Morning
and Evening, in a Glafs of new Beer or Wine.

XIII. The Decotlion. It is Traumatick, more
efpecially if to every Pint of it ij. or iij. ounces of
ftrong Cinnamon Water be added j and then be
drunk Morning and Evening from iv. ounces to viij.
ounces.

XIV. The Balfam. The Juice being Infpiflate
to the thicknefs of new Honey, is mixt with an
equal quantity of Turpentine,and Incorporated with
a little Oil, over a gentle Fire. It is Vulnerary,
and cleanfes and heals Wounds, either inward or

outward, admirably. XV, The

n l\' rb?£Iaces- Ir gr°ws in cold Grounds, by
loncls and Ditch fades, as alio by running Waters-
and fomc times you lhall find it to grow in the very
Water it felt.

thing againft the Kings-F.vil, and all Scrophulous
Symptoms, as alfo againft the Cachexia, Dropfie,

and Rickets in Children, and opens obttructions of
the Vifcera , expelling grofs Humors by Urine.
Dofe from j. dram to iij. drams, in. White Wine.

XVII. The Oily Tirtfture. It cleanfes Wounds,
helps Lamenels, ftrengthens the Sinews, and is of
good ufe againft Palfies, Numnels , Pains and
Aches from a Cold caufe, being anointed on the
part afflicted. Morning and Night. Inwardly taken
from x. drops to xii. or xv. in Wine, or Parftey, or
/Arfmart Water.

XVIII. The Effence. It has all the former Vir-
tues, cleanfes the Blood, and is of good ufe to fuch
as have {cabby and filthy Skins •, it takes away hard-
nefs of Liver and Spleen, and prevails againft the
Jaundice: Dofe from j. ounce to ij. Wounds and
Ulcers being waffled therewith, it heals them.

XIX. The Fixed Salt. It opens the obftruftions
of the Reins and Urinary Paflagesand caufes a fepa-
ration of the Morbifick matter of a Struma, fending
it forth by Urine. Dofe in Arfmart Water or Wine,
from vlif grains to xx.

XX. ' 1 he Wine. Gefner in his Epiftles, affirms
that a Fugil of the Fibres of the Root, boiled in
Wine, and the Wine Drunk, gave him in an hours
time one Stool, and afterwards ten Vomits, where-
by he call out much Flegm ; that it works (lays he)
like white Hellebor, hut much more eafily and fafe-
ly, and that it did him much good.

CHAP. V.

Of Water AGRIMONY, the
Female Kind.

I. ' j ' HE Karnes. It is called in Greek, 'turn™

ejrv as'Jejy a-, 03av -era , In Latinhy Fulchius
Eupatorium Adu/terinum-jay GefaerJEupatorium Aqua-
tic am-, by Matthiolus, EupatoriumVuIgare-, by Lobel,
Eupatorium Cannabimtm Famina-,\sy Bauhinus,C<rawa-
bina aqttatica folio tripartito divijo ; by Tabermonta-
nus, Eupatonum Cannalnnum Chryfanthemum-, by Do-
doneus, Pfeudo-hepatorium Famine ; by Sardus, Ter-
,foh\ and by Camerarius, Eupatorium Avicenna ;
in Eng/ijh , Female Water Agrimony, and Hemp-like
Agrimony.

II. The Kinds. This is the fecond Species of Wa-
ter Agrimony ; to wit, the Female Kind, as you

may fee, chap. 3. Sell. 2. aforegoing.

III. The Defcription. The Root conjlfts of many

— - c uujijii uj many

long /lender Strings, and Is of long continuance , from
wl>e nee Stalks groin up about two Foot high, or higher
and are of a dark purple Color. The Branches are

-> - j-so. K-vsvr . a. u/ uncues are

miny > growing at di/lances nearly equal one from the
other the one~ from one fide of the Stalk. , the other

from the oppofite Point. The leaves are winged, and
much Indented on the edges. The Flowers grow at

I iltlr rtf' tiler U .. C L . T e-. .

_ - "O'-- g/VUJ Ul

the lops of the Branches, of a brown yellow Color,
' black f pots, having a Subjtance within

tn/rtrr hirer the.t e-C . T\ -1/Z. T f .

fpol t . d with j .. v.vjLUflLC WIWIJI

the tmdfl of them, like that of a Daify. If you rut,
them between your Fingers , they will fmell like to
Gum Elemt, Rofw or Cedar, when they are burnt.
The Seeds are long, and eafily flick to any Woollen
thing. It plainly differs from our Common Agrimo-
ny, becaufe it wants the interpofed little heaves :
and its Flowers are much unlike.

Hiker
Agrimony

</pmale.

l/ne Times. _ It Flowers in July and Attguff -
and tile Seed is ripe not long after the fading of
the Flower. °

VI. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the firfl
Degree : it is opening, cleanfing, Pe£toraI,and Trau-

matick; and by appropriation is’Hepatick” and PuI-
momck, orPetloral; it is Sudorifick and

" vifVr V — T‘r uuuuiuiuc and Alterative.

Vll. lhe specification. It is faid to be a pecu-
liar cleanfer of the Blood, and reltorer of its
Ciaiis ; and has a lingular Property in curing of old
Ulcers and Fillula’s.

V III. The Preparations. The Shops prepare no-
thing from it; but there may be made thereof i
A Decoffton 2. A Juice. 3. A Balfam of the
J“tee. 4. Art EJJence. ;. A Spirituous Tincture
6. A Saline hnUure. 7. An Oily Tmilure S
A/hes.

The Virtues.

IX. The Decofion in Wine. It is Traumatick,

and a reltorer of the Blood ; attenuates and makes
rittn, grofs, tough, and viicous Humors; and is a
lingular thing againft Scabs, Itch, and other Salt
Humors, being given from ij. ounces to vi. morning
noon, and night. J “

X. i he Juice. It provokes the Terms in Women;
and taken with the Juice of Fumitory, reffifies the
faitnefs and Ihaipnefs of the Blood: it is good a-
gainft Scabs Itch fait and fflarp Humors, Apo-
andnigffl" ^rom ^ ounce t0 ij- morning, noon,

XI. The Balfam. Take of the Juice vi. ounces ,
Turpentine nj ounces. Oil ij. ounces, BeesWax
ounce Rojlne half an ounce, mix and make a Bal-
Jam, by Evaporating to a Con/iflence, or till the
watry part of the Juice is gone. It is an excellent
thing, for the curing of Wounds, Ulcers, old tunning
Sores and biftula s: Fills Ulcers with Fleffl, and
brings them to a fpeedy healing ; Applied alfo in

the

the Gout, it abates the Tumor, and gives eafe in a
little time.

XII. The Spirituous Tintfure. It is lingular good
againft Agues, taken to the quantity of an ounce :
It alio heals all green Wounds and old Sores, in-
wardly taken, and outwardly walht therewith.

XIII. The Saline Tincture. Taken inwardly it is
good againft the Stone, opens ObftruUions of the
Liver and Spleen, and is good againft Leprofies,
Cachexies, Dropfie and Yellow Jaundice : It re-
moves ftoppages of the Lungs, provokes Urine, and
prevails againft Gravel and Tartarous Matter,
whether in the Reins or Bladder. Dofe from j.
dram to ij. or more, in Ale or Wine.

XIV. The Oily Tintfure. ■ It is good againft the
Stone in the Reins, being taken from iv. drops to
xx. in a Glafs of Ale, Wine, or fome Nephritick
Water, as Parfly, or Arsmart water. Outwardly
ufed, it is of Excellent Service againft a Cold Gout,
and all manner of Aches and Pains proceeding
from a Cold Caufe, in what part of the Body fo-
ever ^ it warms and Comforts the Part, and prevents
a Gangrene and Sphacelus * and is good againft Scurf’
Morphew, Itch and the like, being anointed on the
Part.

XV. The Effence. It is Traumatick, and an ex-
cellent thing to open Obftruflions of the Vifera ,
cieanfe the Blood, and heal Ulcers of the Lungs,
and has been approved of by fome to be good
againft the Leprofie, inwardly taken from j. ounce
to ij. twice a day in fome proper Vehicle: things
proper being alfo outwardly applyed for the fame
purpofe.

XVI. The Fixed Salt. It Diflolves Tartar in the
Blood, and Urinary Paflages, abforbs and eva-
porates (harp, and malign Humors, which are the
caufe of Scabs, Itch, Leprofy, and other breakings
out of the Skin : it alfo cuts and makes thin thofe
Humours which are tough and thick. Dole j. Scru-
ple in a Glafs of White Wine.

CHAP. VI.

Of ALEHOOF, Great, Small, &c.

X. 'T' H E Karnes. This Plant is called in Greek ,

JL x} K waoi yudS'm f, x} K/T-nf x?crtuc{.

In Latin , H edera terrejiris , Chamiecijjus , Co-
rona Terra : and in Englifh , Ground-Ivy , Alehooj. \

II. The Kinds. There are four forts, i. The
Common Ground Ivy , or Alehooj. \ called XnuciUio-cr©-
ptyctft xjrifcs-i <pa.y@-. Hedera terrejiris, Cor onaTerr a. ,
common or large Ground Ivy , or Alehooj. 2.
y.a.ix.Hris©' ft/xfif, Hedera terrejiris ATinor , the lefler
Ground Ivy. 3. Hedera terrejiris montana, Moun-
tain Ground Ivy. 4. Hedera terrejiris Saxatilis ,
Stone Alehooj, or Ground Ivy.

III. The Defcription. The large Alehoof hat a
very large and thready Root, jrom which rifes many
Stalks oj an uncertain height, jrom 8. to 14. or 1 5.
Inches long , it being but a low Herb , creeping and
jpreading upon the Ground, hither and thither , all
about : the Stalks are /lender, fomething cornered,
and green, fometimes a little reddijh : jrom whence
grow Leaves fomewhat broad and round, hairy, and a
little nicked in the edges , jor the moji part, two
Leaves out oj every Joynt. At the Joynts likewife
with the Leaves, towards the end oj the Branches
come jorth hollow long Flowers, gaping at the ends,
oj a blewijh purple colour, not much unlike to thofe,
oj Germander, with white /pots upon the Label or

Lips which hang down : the whole Plant is of a / irons
Smell and bitterijh Tajie.

IV. The lejjer Alehoof is altogether like] the for-
mer, five that the Leaves are every way frailer
the Flowers oj a paler blew colour the Plant it J'clj
is jhorter or grows lower, but more upright.

V. The Mountain Alehoof is like the fr ft kind

but yet larger in all the parts thereof, as Stalks
Branches , Leaves and Flowers -, but the Leaves are
more rough and hairy , and the Flowers of a trior e deep
purple colour. x

VI. The Stone Alehoof creeps and fpreads all a-
bout the Ground , with its jlender weak Branches , jet
with Leaves like the former by couples, but larger

uni

8 Salmon V Herbal. Lib. L

and more unevenly defitei , or rather waved at the
edges : the Flowers which fland at the Joynts with
the Leaves, are longer, the hoods larger, and of a pa-
ler purplijh colour than the former.

VII. The Places. The firft fort grows under
Hedges, and by Ditch fides, High-ways, and by
Houfes, in fhaddowed Lanes, and the borders of'
Meadows, and other wafte Grounds in moft places
of rhe Kingdom. The fecond kind is found at the
feet of old Trees in England and Germany, and ma-
ny times in old Orchyards. The Mountain grows
upon Hills and Mountains. The laft kind grows in
Narhotte and Provence in France and in fome places
of Somerfetjhire, as Lobe/ fays.

VIII. The Times. They all begin to Flower in
April, and continue flowering for a long time, even
till the Summer is far fpent, and remain green not
only in Summer, but alfo in Winter, and abiding
the Winter, if it is not too vehement or Iharp.

IX. The Qualities. They are all of one nature,
hot and dry in the firft degree : but the two latter
are dry in the fecond degree. They are Aperitive,
Abfterfive, Bechicick, Attenuaters and Vulnerary :
by Appropriation, they are Pectoral, Nephritick
and Arthritick : and operate only as Alteratives.

X. The Specification. They are peculiar againft
vehement Coughs and Catarrhs : the Mountain pre-
vails againft the Gout, and the Saxatile againft Stone
and Gravel.

XI. The Preparations. The Shops have only the
Herb and Flower ; but from them you may prepare,
I. A Juice. 2. An Infufton. 3. A DecoSion. 4.
A Syrup. y. A Mixture. 6. A Conferve. 7. A
Lohoch. 8. An Ale . 9. A Ponder. 10. Troches.
21. A Balfam. 12. ACataplafm. 13. An Effence.
24- A Spirituous TinSure. 1 5. A Saline TinSure.
1 6. An Oily TinSure. 17. ADiftiUedWatcr. 18.
A Spirit. 19. An Extrafl. 20. A Fixed Salt. 21.
At) Ophthalmic k.

The Virtues.

XII. The Juice. It is bitter, cleanling and open-
ing the Obftructions of the Vifcera : put into the
Ears, it helps the Noife in them, as alio their Ring-
ing and Deafnefs, and is profitable againft the Jaun-
dice, Catarrhs and Rhumatifms ; it has Cured ma-
ny (fays Hollerius) at point of Death. Dole from
j. ounce to iv. ounces, according ter Age and
Strength.

XIII. The infufton. Made in fair Water, or a
weak Lime Water, and Drank three or four times a
day, from iv. to viij. ounces, it Cures Coughs, Colds,
Spittings and Wheezings.

XIV. The DecoSion. It is a good Vulnerary and
Bechicick, more efpecially if ij. ounces of Spirit of
Wine or Brandy be added to every pint thereof : it
difpofes old Sores, running Ulcers and Fiftula’s to a
healing. Dofe from iij. ounces to vj. 3. or 4. times
a day. This Decoction mixt with Honey and a lit-
tle burnt Alum, is good to walh Sore and Ulcerated
Mouths, as alfo Ulcers in the Privy parts of Man
or Woman.

XV. The Syrup. It is peculiar againft an old
Cough, and other Diftempers of the Breft and Lungs,
as Catarrhs, Wheazings, Afthma’s, Ulcers of the
Lungs, fpitting of Blood, (fie. Let it be often taken
with a Liquorice Stick : or it may be taken a large
fpoonful at a time, as oft as need requires.

XVI. The Mixture. Take of the Juice ij. ounces.
Honey j. ounce , burnt Alum iij. drams, purified Ver-
digrife half a dram, mix them well together : It
Cures Sore Mouths and Throats, Ulcers of the
Gums and Tonlils, as alfo other Ulcers and running
Sores in other parts of the Body.

XVII. The Conferve. It opens the Breft and
Lungs, and gives reliefin Coughs, Colds, fhortnefs of
Breath, Wheezings, and forenefs of Breft and Stomach.

XVIII. The Lohoch. It is made of the clarified
Juice, mixed with clarified Honey in equal propor-
tions : and is good againft the moft vehement and
violent Coughs, very powerful againft Phthificks, or
Ulcerations of the Lungs, caufing a fpeedy healing
let it be taken with a Liquoriih Stick oftentimes in
a day.

XIX. The Ale. You may put iij. large handfuls
of the green Herb to every Gallon of Ale, whilft
Working : it is faid to clarify and make fine the
Drink in about 24 hours time, from whence came
the name of Ale-hoof, or Tun-hoof ; and in old Time
fupplyed the ufe of Hops : it makes the Drink very
Opening and Diuretick.

XX. TbePouder. It is made ofthedryed Leaves;
and is given from half a dram to a dram : it may be
taken in iv. or v. ounces of its own diddled Water ;
it is faid to Cure the Yellow Jaundice in 7. or 8!
days, and in 40. or 50. days the Sciatica.

XXI. The Troches. They are made of the Pon-
der aforegoing, with Ifing-glufs and white Sugar
Candy. : and are of excellent Ufe againft Coughs,
Colds, Phthificks, Confumptiens, Wheezings and
fhortnefs of Breath, being held often in the Mouth,
and differed gradually to diffolve, the Sick alfo
drinking Milk every day, in a pretty large quantity.

XXII. The Balfam. It is made of the Juice Boiled
to rhe thicknefs of new Honey 4 Ounces, mixed with
Turpentine of Chio, and Oil of fweet Almonds, of
each ij Ounces. It heals green Wounds, running
Sores, old Ulcers, Fiftula’s, (fic. after an admirable
manner, being applied to the Part.

XXIII. The Cataplafm. fake Turpentine ij.
ounces , Talks of three new-laid Eggs , mix them
well together, then add of the green Herb , cut
fmall and beaten in a Mortar, iij. large handfuls,
mix and apply it ; it gives excellent relief in the
Gout, and other Pains of the Joynts ; applyed hot
to the Region of the Liver or Spleen, ir eales their
Pains : and upon the Abdomen, it is faid to be a pre-
fent Remedy in the Colick.

XXIV. The Effence. It is excellent good againft
weak and aching Backs, Coughs, Wheezings, Afth-
ma’s, fhortnefs of Breath, fpitting Blood, Ulcers of
the Lungs ; and is Angular good for all Wounds, in-
ward or outward, it cleanfes and rarifies, and is good
againft any griping Pains, or windy Cholerrck Hu-
mors in Stomach, Spleen or Belly : it helps the Yel-
low Jaundice, by opening the Obftrutfioift of the
Vifcera , and is good againft Poifon and Plague : it

. provokes Urine, and the Terms in Women ; and be-
ing Drunk with Wine for fome cctnfiderable time,
it is faid to Cure the Sciatica, as alfo the Gout in
Hands, Knees or Feet, diffolves and difperfes the
Peccant Humors, and fo gives eafe. Dofe from j
ounce to ij ounces in Wine, Mead, Etc.

XXV. 'The Spirituous T inSure. It prevails a-

againft Catarrhs, coldnefs of the Stomach, fpitting
Blood, Wind, Pains, Gripings, and other like Dif
affe&ions of Stomach, Liver, Spleen and Bowels.
Dofe from j dram to ij drams, in its own diftilled
Water, or other fit Vehicle.

XXVI. The Saline TinSure. It helps the Yel-
low Jaundice, opens Obftruffions of rhe Vifcera , pro-
vokes Urine and the Courfes, facilitates the Birth,
expels Poifon and the Plague, and has all the Vir-
tues of the Effence, but operates more by Urine.
Dofe from j dram to ij in any fit Liquor.

XXVII. The Oily TinSure. It is good for the
Sciatica or Hip Gout, as alfo the Gout in any other
Parr, proceeding from a cold Caufe, being anointed
very hot upon the part twice a day.

XXVIII. The

Chap, 7. TingUjh ‘Herbs .

XXVIII. The Diftil/ed Water., It is made from
the Green Herb in April or May, and ufed chiefly as
a Vehicle with moll of the former Preparations.

XXIX. The Spirit. It is made of the Fermented
Juice, and is of lingular Life againft the Scurvy, whe-
ther in a hot or cold Conftitution y it ftrengchens the
Stomach, and cattles a good Appetite. Dole from
half an ounce to j ounce, mixt with Wine, or with
the Syrup of the Juice.

XXX. The Extrull. It Cures Difeafes of the
Breft and Lungs, and opens Obltructions of the
Reins and Womb. Dofe j. dram or more, diffolved
in Sack. It contributes as a Traumatick to the heal-
ing of Wounds and Ulcers.

XXXI. T be Fixed Salt. It is Diuretick and Ne-
phritick, opens ObftruHions of the Reins, Ureters
and Bladder, diflolves Tartarous Humors in thole
parts, or in the other Vifccra , and is found by Ex-
perience to be good againft Stones, Sand, Gravel, Lfc.
being given from xij. grains to xxiiij. in its own db
“illed Water, Parfley Water, Arlmart or Onion Wa-
ter, and repeated twice a day.

XXXII. TheOphthalmichorEye-WaJh. Jit Juice
of Aleboof iij. ouncesftfuice of Celandine, Juice ofDai-
fiesftofe Water, Honeypf each pounceynix imddijfolvc,
then drop it into the Eyes : It helps all Inflamations,
Spots, Pin and Web, Itch, Smarting, and molt other
DifafteUions of that part; and Cures, tho’ almoit
Blind. Ufe it ; or 6 times a day, or oftner.

CHAP. VII.

Of ALEXANDERS.

I. 'T' U E Karnes. It is called in Greek 1™ Aunt,
J. '/cr. in Larin Hippofelinum, Sntyrni-

wn, Equapium , Oh/s atrum (from making the Pot-

tage black : ) in Englilh Alexanders, Alif anders , and

tiorfe Vurfley.

II. The Kinds, or Species. It feems to be a Spe-

cies of the Apia otParJIcys- this being the large!!
of all, and therefore called Hippofelinum or Horfe-
Parfley. This Species is faid to be twofold 1. The
Common or Englifh Alexanders.' 1 , The ’Cretici
or that which grows in Candy, but with us in fome
Gardens.

III. The Defcriptioh. The Root is great, thick
and long , hlackijh on the out fide, and white within
of a hot and buterifb TaJIe, Spreading under Ground.
Trom thence rifes up a Stalk or Stalks, thick and round,
a Tard high, more or lefs, with f undry Leaves on
them, parted into f mailer diviftons : from the Joynts
iff uc Branches, from whence, uponjoot Stalks, pro-
ceed Leaves, cut out into many parts, fomewbat r.e-
f ambling Smallage, but greater, broader and rounder,
and more cut in about the edges, fnrooth alfo, and of
a deep green colour, having a Jbmcwbat hot and fpicy
Tafte, and a little bitter withal. At the extremities
of tbefe Branches, grow large tufts or umbles of white
Flowers: after which come great b/ackijh Seed, at-
moft round, but a little ft raked on the back, of a hot
Taft e, not much unli/ie that of the Root.

SM.V RIf.VM,

II . T he Cretick or Candy Alexanders hat a Root
almofi round, yet a little long withal, while on the
outjide, which afterwards grows thicker and longer,
andgreateftat top, ending fmall, unlperijhing after
it has born Seed. From whence rifes up Leaves' like
Jome kind of Selinum, the whole Leaf being large ,
and more divided into f mailer parts than the former ,
a* if it were fome great Larfley , of a dark green fhi-
mng colour , and dented about the edges, from the mi 3Jl
of which Leaves rifes up a Stalk, round and ft. iff^ firm
and not hollow , 4 feet high or higher , having com -
monly at all its Joynts whole and almojl round Leaves ,
yet fome thing longer than round , and here and there
cut in on the edges \ of aye llowijh green colour , which
do not fo much compafs the Stalk , at the bottom of
them, as that the Stalk in a manner grows through
them : from t he- Joynts like wife rife f undry Branches,
with the like yellowijh round Leaves on them, and the
Stalks running throI. * * * 5 them to the top, refembling
Through-wax, or Through-leafi where ftani thick
C tufts

io Salmon5 s

ntj is or ambles of yellowtjh biovwrs, which afterwords
yield [mall round, blaekijh Seed , about the bignefs oj
Radilh Seed.

V. The Places. They are commonly Sown in
Gardens throughout all Europe , but tire firlt is alfo
ionnd Wild in leveral Places in England , as at Prcfi-
holm , an Jlland on the North of Anglefey ; on the
Rocks near the Sea-lhoars in many places, in fome
places on the Rocks near the Scotch Shears, not far
from Berwick , and about Scarborough Caftle.

VI. The Time. It Flowers in June and July \ and
the Seed becomes ripe in Auguft : But Gerard will
have it, that the Seed is not ripe till the fecond year,
which I confefs I have not obferved. Yet being an
annual Plant, l fee not why its Seed Would not be
annual.

VII. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the third
degree: Attenuating, Carminative, Diuretick and
Lithontriptick : by Appropriation, it is Stomatick,
Hvfterick and Nephritick •, and operates as an Al-
terative.

VIII. The Specification. It effectually provokes
Urine, helps the Strangury, and prevails againft Gra-
vel and Tartarous Matter in Reins and Bladder.

IX. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing
of this Plant. But you may prepare from it, i. A
Ponder from the Seed. 2. A Decottion of the Roots
and Leaves. 3. An Exprefi'ed Juice. 4. A Condite
of the Roots. 5. A half am of the Juice or green
Herb. 6. ACataplafm. 7 . A Difiilled Water of the
Plant. 8. An Oil of the Seed. 9. A Spirit from
the Seed or Plant. 10. A Spirituous Tintture. 12.
An Oily Tintture. 13. A Salt from the whole Plant.
14. An Ejfence.

The Virtues .

X. The Pouder from the Seed. Being taken from
half a dram to i. dram in white Port or Rhenifb
Wine, or difiilled Water of the Plant, it powerful-
ly provokes the Terms, expels the Birth, moves U-

Herbal. Lib. I.

Tine, helps the Strangury and Chplick, breaks Wind,
and is good againft the bitings of Serpents, Mad’
Dogs, or other Venomous Creatures.

XI. The PtecoBion. It opens Obftruflions, pro-
vokes Urine and cleanfes the Blood admirably : it is
good alfo for fitch as have ftoppages in their Urine,
or are troubled with the Strangury. Dofe from iv.
to viij. ounces.

XII. The ExpreJJed Juice. Given from iij. to v).
ounces mixt with Rbemjk Wine, or white Part, it is
a Specih'ck againft Stone and Gravel, eafes the Stran-
gury, and brings away Urine or Matter obftrutliiig
the Urinary palfages, when almoft all other things
fail.

XIII. The Condite , or Pickled Roots. They are
Eaten raw as a Sailer, with Oil, Vinegar and Pep-
per : they ftrengthen the Stomach, create a good
Appetite, caufe Digeftion, refill Crudities, and ex-
pel Tartarous and Yilcous Juices from the Stomach.

XIV. The Ralfami It is an excellent Vulnerary,
curing all forts of green Wounds in a fhort time : it
cleanfes running Sores, and old rotten and putrifiecl
Ulcers, and caufes them fpeedily to heal.

XV. The Cataplaftn. It is made of the bruifed
Leaves, and applyed hot to the part affiifled : being
made of the Leaves boiled, it drys up old Sores and
fetid Ulcers, without any pain, and heals them
and either difeufles or maturates Scrophulous Tu-
mors : if it is made of the raw Herb, beaten in a
Mortar with the Yolks of Eggs, and applyed cold,
it flops bleeding.in Wounds new made.

XVI. The Tiftilled Water. It may be Difiilled
either from the Seed, or from the whole green Plant :
it is a Specifick againft Gravel and itoppage of
Urine. *

XVII. The Dijl died Oil of the Seed. It is given
from iij. drops to x. in any convenient Vehicle, and
comforts and warms a cold Stomach, ftrengthens it
caufes a good Appetite and Digeftion, expels Wind’
gives eafe in the Colick, provokes the Terms in
Women, and facilitates the Birth ; opens Obliruffi-
ons of the Breft,' Lungs, Liver, Spleen, Reins and
Womb, helps fhortnels of Breath, and comforts the
Head, Brain and Nerves, being lingular good againft
Megrims, Vertigo’s, Lethargies, Apoplexies, Palfies,
Convulfions, and the like ; you may give it in Ex-
tremity, as alfo morning and evening.

XVIII. The Spirit. It is weaker than the Oil, but
much pleafanter, and has all the fame Virtues,’ but
operates not in fo powerful a manner. It is Carmi-
native and Cordial, and given againft fainting Fits.
Dofe j. ounce.

XIX. The Spirituous TinBure. The Virtues
are the fame with the Oil, hut more penetrating ;
and is indeed much more powerful than the Spirit,
for that it abounds much more with the Sulphur of
the Vegetable : it may be given in the difiilled Wa-
ter, from j. dram to iij. drams, morning and night.

XX. The Saline TinBure. It is a Lithontriptick,
or Stone-breaker, opens all ObftruUions of the Reins,
Ureters and Bladder ; attenuates, cleanfes, brings a-
way Sand, Gravel and Tartarous Slime, opens the
Womb, provokes the Terms, and ftrengthens that
part, fo as to caufe Fruittulnefs in Women, and
brings away both Birth and After-birth : it eafes the
Spleen, and removes its ftoppages. Dofe from j.
dram to iij. drams.

XXI. The Oily TinBure. It has the Virtues of
the former, bur is particularly good againft the Pai-
fie, being outwardly anointed on the parr, and im
wardly taken from vj. drops to xx. in a fit Vehicle.

XXII. The Salt of the whole Plant. It is Diure-
tick and Nephritick in a peculiar manner, provokes
Urine, brings away Sand and Gravel ; and is good
againft Difeafes of the Brain and Nerves, by power-
fully

Chap. 8. llnglifh Herbs . 1 1

fully opening Obftru£lions. Dole from x. grains to
j. fcruple, in its own diftilled Water.

XX1I1. The EJfence. Ir prevails againft Phlegm,
and a Phlegmatick habit of body, opens Obftr uni-
ons of the Yifccra , cleanfes and purifies the Blood,
warms a cold Stomach, is Carminative, provokes
the Courfes, and brings away both Birth and After-
birth. Dole j. ounce, more or lels, according to
the Neceflky and Age of the Patient, in a Glafs of
Wine.

CHAP. VIII.

Of A L K A N E T.

I. AT' H E A limes. It is called in Greek "A yyy<t<t.

X in Latin finch uf a, Onocleia , Bugloffa Hifpa -
nica , and in Englifh Alkanet.

II. The Kinds. It is faid to be a Species of Bug-
lofs •, but of this there are leveral kinds, as, i. The
great yellow Alkanet , called limply clyy*™, Anchu-
Ja. 2. The leffer Alkanet , with purple Flowers,
called ayfara Anchufa altera. 2,. The fmall
Alkanet , with yellow Flowers, called dyx*cct
Anchufa tertia. 4. Anchufa Lignofior, Woody Al-
kanet. 7. Anchufa humilis Cretica , Low Alkanet
of Candia. 6. Anchufa arbor ea, Great or Tall Al-
kanet. Of thefe, we fhali only dilcourfe of the three
firfr, as being only ufefiil for our purpofe.

III. The Defer iption. The firfl kind has a great
and thick Root , of a dark reddifh colour , with many
Branches from the fame. The Leaves are long,narrow,
hairy and green , like the Leaves ^Buglofs, which
lye very thick upon the Ground : the Stalks rife up,
and are compaffe a round about thick with Leavcsgvhich
are leffer and narrower than the former -, they are
tender , and (lender, not much above afoot and half
high , at the tops whereof (and fmall yellow Flowers ,
with a fmall Leaf at the foot of every Flower, which
are fomewhat long and hollow, very like to Comfrey
F lowers, but a little opening themf elves at the brims
like unto Buglofs Flowers , j. with a Rointel in themidf,

after which come in their places, fmall, / ng, blackjl)
Seed, not unlike to Buglofs and Comfrey Seed. . The
Root Is as big as ones Finger or Thun.b , and about
two lingers long, whofe outward Bark Is fomewhat
thick, and of an excellent orient red colour, ready to
colour ones Hands and Fingers with its red colour, if
handled: its inner Pith Is white and vtoody, and the
whole Riant is of a Styptick or Afringent Tafe.

IV . 'The fecond kind has a Root pretty large and
thick, and of a dusky red colour, with many Branches
from the fame ■, the Leaves are greater and longer
than the next kind, narrow, hairy and green, like
Buglofs Leaves, and fomewhat like to the farmer, but
yet leffer and narrower, but more plentiful, as re ell
thofe which lye upon the Ground, as thofe which rife
up with the Stalks , which are many, fender and ten-
der, of about afoot and half high , whofe Flowers arc
like the others, fave that they are of a reddif: pur-
ple colour, and the Seed following ?nore gray, the
whole being of a rough and afringent Tafe.

V. The fmall yellow) Alkanet is like unto the firfl ,
having a Root great in re /pelt to the Riant, red, and
tender whilfl it is young, but growing blackif) and
woody when it is old , and lives and abides after Seed
time, which fome others do not ■, its Leaves alfo are
natrower and (sorter than the frfl, and covered with
an Hoarynefs, as are alfo the Stalks , which in fome
are but a foot, in others a foot and half high, with
f mailer Leaves thereon : the Flowers are hollow and
yellow like the firfl, but leffer, the Seed alfo is like
the Seed of the fiifi. Thefe Riant s are famously
known throughout all Europe, for the beautiful red
colour contained in the Roots, which will colour White
Wine of the delicate colour of deep Clarret .

VI. The Rlaces. They are nourifhed up with us,
chiefly in Gardens, but the fecond of them. Lobe- 1
fays, grows near Rochefter in Kent • as alfo in the
Weft of England, as in Dcvonjhire and Cornwall .

VII. The Times. They flower in July, and Au-
guft, and the Seed is ripe not long after ; and the
Roots yield their glorious red or purple Juice or
Tin&ure in Harveft time, as Dio/ cor ides faith.

VIII. The Qualities. It is Temperate as to heat
and cold«rbutis dry in the fecond degree. It is Re-
perculhvfr, Abfteifive, Styptick, Altringent, and
Traumatick or Vulnerary. And by Appropriation
it is Stomatick, Cardiack, Hyfterick and Nephri-
tick : of the Stock of Alteratives.

IX. The Specification. It is peculiar in refilling
ofPoyfon, of all kinds, and flopping Fluxes.

X. The Reparations. The Shops keep nothing
hereof, but the Root but thefe Preparations may
be made therefrom, 1. An E fence of the whole
Plant. 2. A Juice. 9. A Decottion. 4. A Wine.
5. A Vinegar. 6. A Spirituous Tintfure. 7. A Sa-
line TinUure. 8. An Oil. 9. ACataplafm. 10. A
Cerote. n. A Reffary. 12. Sanguis Veneris.

The Virtues.

XI. The Root. It is ufed to colour Wines with,
Syrups, Waters, Gellies, and fuch like things : and
boiled in Wine, and taken with fweet Butter, it
helps Bruifes by falls, Efc.

XII. The EJfence of the whole Riant. It is bind-
ing and ftrengthening, and flops Fluxes of all kinds,
and allays the heat of Choler : and by its Trauma-
tick Property, is good for the healing of Wounds,
running Sores and old Lllcers, prevails againft the
Yellow Jaundice, the Spleen, Agues, and Dileales
of the Reins and Bladder : it is good againft all forts
of Inflamations, burning Heats, Eryfipelas, and the
bitings of Venomous Beafts •, it ftrengthens a weak
Back, and is good againft Fits of the Mother. Dofe
j. or ij. ounces.

f 2 Salmon’ s Herbal Lib. I.

XIII. The Juke. It has the Virtues oftheEf-
fence, but not fo pleafant to be taken, becaufe it is
not of fo fine and pure a body: it may be kept ei-
ther in 2 liquid form or infpifiated, as is the Sp unify
Juice of Liquorice.

XIV. The Decottion. It has the Virtues of the
Effence, but not fo powerful ; it is of good life in
the Yellow Jaundice, and flopping Fluxes of the.
Bowels or of the W omb. Dole iv. vj. or viij. ounces,
fweetned with treble refined Sugar.

XV. The Wine. It is made by Infufion of the
Root, either frefh or dry, fo long or fo often, till
the Tin&ure is as deep as Blood. It is a Specifick
in the Hepatick Flux, and in flopping all other kinds
of fluxes whatfoever. It is alfo a moft lingular
Wound-drink, fcarcely inferior to. any other. It is
good againitthe bitings of Mad Dogs, Serpents, and
other Venomous Creatures : it ftrengthens a weak
Back, and flops the Whites in Women, and helps
to bring forth the Mealies and Small-Pox in Chil-
dren. Dofe ij. iij. or iv. ounces.

XVI. The Vinegar. It has the Virtues of the
Wine, but is peculiaragainft Morphew, Scurff, Le-
profie, and other Defilements of the Skin ^ and pre-
vails againfl the bitings of Venomous Creatures, being
inwardly taken, and outwardly apply ed : Dofe j. or
ij. ounces in any fit Vehicle.

XV IF The Spirituous Tintture \ This is made
only of the red part of the Root ^ and has all the
Virtues of the EfFence and Wine but is much more
fit in cold Conflitutions, and where the Plague or
any other infectious Difeale is feared. Dofe ij.
drams, more or lefs in Wine.

X V 1 II. The Saline Tintture. 1 1 is made from the
whole Plant, and has all the Virtues of the Plant in
it ^ but this is more peculiar in opening fpme Ob-
ltruffions, chiefly of the Reins •, for it brings away
Sand and Gravel, kills Worms, and is good againfl
fits of the Mother. Dofe ij. or iij. drams.

XIX. The Oil. 9s Oil Olive j. pound , Oil of
Spike vj. ounces , Oil of Juniper-berries ij. ounces ,
Alkanet Roots vj. ounces •, make an Oil by a gentle
Digejhon , in a Sand-heat , till it is very red. It is
an excellent thing for deep Punctures, Wounds made
with pointed Weapons, and Pun&ures or Wounds
of the Nerves.

XX. The Cataplafm. Take of the red part of the
Root iv. ounces: beat it f oft in a Stone Mortar ■, then
add to it Oil of Mace by Expre/Jion iij. ounces , Mi-
thridate ij. ounces , Oil of Spike half an ounce •, mix
them. It is an excellent thing againfl deep Pun&ures,
chiefly of the Nerves. A Cataplafm made of it with
Whey or Cream, is good againfl Burnings.

XXI. The Cerote. A Cerote being made of the
pulp of the Root with a little Oil and Wax, Cures
old Ulcers: and made with Barley Meal, it prevails
againfl an Eryfipelas, Leprofy, Tettars and Ring-
worms.

XXII. The PeJJary. A Peffary being made of the
Root, viz. Of its pulp, with Wax, Turpentine and
Barley-flower, it is laid to bring away the Dead
Child, and the After-birth.

XXIII. Sanguis Veneris. It is thus made : Ifc
Oil Olive Ifeij. Alkanet Root 3. or 4. ounces , Earlh-
/ V inns cleanfed or purged, number 40. boil them well
together , then ftrain out whilj l hot , and keep it dofe
for l Jje. This was Invented by John Ardern , and
is a moft lingular Vulnerary in deep Wounds and
Punftures of the Nerves, made with Thrufts, Stabs
or Pricking with any pointed Weapon, ©V. it eafes
the Pain, and prevents Convulfions.

CHAP. IX.

Of Clowns ALL-HEAL.

I. ' | ' H E Names. It lias no known Greek Name,
X but is called in Latin, Panax Coloni , Panax
Heracleum Alterum : and in Englifh, Clowns All-
heal, and Clowns Wound-wort.

IL The Kinds. It is accounted one of the kinds
oF Sideritis, and is, with Parkinfon, the fifteenth
called in Latin Sideritis Anglica Strumofa Radice , or
Eng/ify , Iron-wort with a Tuberous Root.

III. The Defcription. The Root is compofed of
many long Strings , zmth fome tuberous long knobs com-
monly growing among them , of a paje yellowify or
whitify colour , from whence grows up four Jquare
green, rough Stalks , half a yard or two foot high \
furrowed in , a little upon every fquare , the Joynts
ft anding fomewhat far af under, with two vety long
andfomewhat dark green Leaves , bluntly dented a-
bout the edges., and Jharp pointed at the end: the
Flowers ftand towards the top, compaj/tng the Stalks
at the Joynts, as do thofe of Horehound, but end in

fpiked tops, which Horehound does not, having long
and much gaping hoods of a purplify red colour, with
whitify fpots in them , funding in fomewhat rough
Husks, wherein afterwards ftand blackify round Seeds.
The whole Plant is of a ftrong Smell, not much unlike
to ftmking Horehound.

IV. Vie Places. It grows almoft every where in
England, by feveral Brooks and Ditch fides, and
Sometimes by the Path-ways, and borders of Fields,as
m Middlefex near London, by the Path-fides, in Fields
going to C belfea and Ken/mgton •, by Hackney, in the
Ditch-fides of a Field called The Shoulder of Mut-
ton Field-, and in Surry in St. George's Fields -, and
in the Meadows by Lambeth, and near Standgate :
in Kent by Southfleet ■, and on the back-fide, of the
Church-yard of Nettlefeed, and in fome places
near the foot of Shooters-hill : in Ejfex by the Ditch-
fides, and on the Ditch-fides on the Left Hand of the
Highway beyond Stratford Bow * as alfo in Cam-

bndgfyire.

Chap; io. ‘EngUjh Herbs. \

bridgejhire , Huntingtonjhire and Suffolk , in all which
it grows plentifully,

V. The Times. It flowers in June and July, and
fometimes in Auguft , and its feed comes to ripenefs
foon after,- viz. in A ug up or September.

VI. I he Qualities. It is hot in the fecond degree,
and dry in the firlt : It is Agglutinative, Aftringent
and Vulnerary : and by appropriation, it is Nephri-
tick and Arthritick ; and of .the kind of Alteratives.

V II. The Specification. It is abfolute for healing
of Wounds whether inward or outward, and that
by the firlt intention.

VIII. The P reparations. The Shops keep nothing
of it; but you may prepare from it, i. A Juice. 2,
Art Effence. i. A Ponder. 4. A Diet-drink. 5.
A Spirituous Tintfure. 6. A Saline Tintfure. 7.
An Oil. 8. A Balfam. 9. A Cataplafm. 10. An
Emplajler.

The Virtues.

IX. The Juice. It is Traumatick and contributes
to the Curing Wounds (whether outward or inward)
being taken from ij. Ounces to iiij. in a Glals of A-
licant : and fo alfo it is good for Ruptures, Bloody-
llux, Vomiting, Spitting and Pifling Blood.

X. The Effence. It has all the former Virtues,
but much more effectual to all thofe Intentions ; and
taken inwardly to ij. Ounces, or more, it alters the
habit of the Body, makes the blood Ballamick, and
deltroys the Cancerous humor, when fpread over the
whole Body.

XI. The Ponder. It is given in Ruptures of the
Periton£um,2& alfo infpitting and vomiting of blood,
for it Hops the bleeding and confolidates the broken
Veins. Dole from half a dram to j. in any fit Vehi-
cle ; and outwardly being ftrewed upon Wounds it
flops their bleeding, and many times heals at the
firlt Intention : It is made of the dryed herb.

XII. The Diet-drink. It is made by boiling the
Herb in half Wine half Water : or by Tunning it up
with new drink, four large handfirlls of the herb
bruifed to every Gallon of new Ale or Beer, put up
into a bag with a (lone in it to make it link, and fo
to work with the Drink ; which after 2 or 3 days may
be drunk. It is an excellent thing to be taken a
good draught of it at a time, morning, noon and
night, by wounded people, and fuch as have inve-
terate running Sores, old Ulcers and rebellious Fi-
flula’s upon them : it alters the whole habit of the
Body, and difpofes the Wounds, Ulcers, &c. to a
fpeedy Healing, and a perfeft Cure.

XIII. The Spirituous Tmllure. It has all the
Virtues of the former, but is much better for inward
Wounds, broken Veins, and Ruptures, &c. becaufe
it more eafily and fpeedily enters into the Mafs of
Blood, and brings it to a Balfamick Cralis. Defe j.
dram to iij. drams in Alicant.

XIV. The Saline TinS/tre. This is better for the
Cleanfing, Healing and Curing of Wounds and Ul-
cers of the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, becaufe the
Menfiruum more eafily and readily conveys the virtue
of the Medicine to thofe parts : It is alfo Abfterfive,
and Cleanfes thofe parts of Sand, Gravel, or any
Tartarous matter lodged in, or adhering to them.
Dofe from j. dram to ij. drams in Smallage or Par-
fley Water.

XV. The Oil , made of the Green Herb with Oil
Olive and a ninth part of Oil of Turpentine : It is
Vulnerary, and heals Wounds of the Nerves with
much fpced and facility.

XVI. The Balfam. It Cures Wounds and Ulcers .■
the firlt it does by the firlt intention : the latter, by
Digelting them, Cleanfing them, and then Healing
them up as a Green Wound,

XVII. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Greeri
Herb, by chopping and knifing it in a Hone Mortar,
and then beating it up with a litteHogs-lard: This
applied heals up Wounds by the firlt intention, clo-
fingupthe tipsofthem, without bringing the Wound
to matter. With this Cataplafm a Country-man, who
Had cut his Leg with a Sithe to the Bone, healed it
perfectly in feven days.

XVIII. T he Phifer , made of the Juice inlpiflate
to the thicknefs ot New Honey, the Pouder of .the
Herb, with Frankincenfe and a little Oil Olive : It is
good againft Ruptures of the Bowels, and is profi-
tably applyed to both Aneurifm and Varix, more
efpecially if Comfrey root is alfo added to it.

CHAP. X.

Of Common A L L-H E A L.

I. ' | 'LIE Names. It is called in Greek n ^
J- ■mveun. in Latin, Panax , W Panaces , Panax
Heracleum aherum ; Panaces Peregrinum Dodoma,
Panax SyriacumTheophraJii ; and inEnglifh All-heal,
Common All-heal, Hercules his Common All-heal.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral kinds of All-
heals, or Wound-worts , as, 1. Clowns All-heal. 2.
Hercules All-heal. 3. JEfculapius his All-heal. 4.
Dona's All-heal or Wound-wort. Of the firlt we have,
already treated in the former Chapter. Of the third
we fhall treat in the next Chapter : and of the fourth
in Chap. 8;8 following. The fecond kind which is
the Hercules All-heal is manifold, I. The Common
which is fixfold, 1. Panax Heracleum velHerculeum
Alterum, Hercules his common All-heal. 2. Panax
Heracleum alter urn Americanism. 3. Panax Cojlinum
Matthioli, Mallhiolus his Coltus-like All-heal. 4.
Panax Racemofwn Amcricanum , The American clu-
Iter-bearing All-heal.*). Panaces Mofcbatum Ameri -
canum , The American Musked All-heal. Of thefe five

we

we treat in this Chapter. 6. Panaces Hungaricum
ft Tartarianum , Hungarian and 'Tartarian All-heal ,
of which we have nothing here to lay. II. The true,
which is called Panax Heracleum Verum , The true
Hercules All-heal or Wound-wort , which fee in its
proper place, viz. in Chap. 85:7 lollowing.

III. The Defcription. The Jirfi Kind , viz. Panax
Hercuieum alterum, or Hercules his Common All-
heal, has a Root J ome what great , growing deep down
into the Ground , with 1 or 3 long branches from it ,
of a whitijh yellow on the out fide , and more white
within, full of a yellow Sap coming from it, if it is
cut or broken, of a little Itrong feent, and hot bitter
tafie more than cither Leaf or Seed : from this root
Springs many large winged Leaves round about upon
the Ground, mofl of them two feet long, con fifing of
four, five or fix Couples of rough winged Leaves, fet
againji each other on a round great foot folk, furrow-
ed on the upper fide, each of them conjtfiing likewtfe
of three or 4 Couples of rough but large, fair, frejh ,
yellozaijl: green Leaves, and one at the end, broad be-
low, and growing narrower to a point at the other
end ■, the one fide of the leaf next its footfialk, being
always deeper at the bottom than the other fide, and
finely dented about the edges , tafting a little hot and
biting in the mouth, and yielding forth a yellowilh juyee
in the Summer, called Opopanax, much more Gum-
my, hot and bitter than the leaves : from amongfl ihefe
leaves rifes up a Jlrong, great, round, green fialk,
4 or 5 feet high or more, with fome joynts and leaves
thereat, and a few branches towards the top, breaking
forth into j mall yellow umbles of flowers, which after-
wards yield whitijh, yellow, flat, fhon Seed. Note,
Lobel fuppofes this to be the Panax Syriacum Theo-
phrafti, which yields the Gum Opopanax, and not
without fome ground of reafonfor it, becaufe (fays he )
a famous Apothecary in Antwerp found in a parcel of
the Gum Opopanax certain Seeds, which being Sowed
by him in his Garden produced this very Plant.

IV. The fecond Kind, or Americanum has a great
and white Root with f undry long firings, and a pith in
the middle, not enduring after Seed time , which is
fometimes the fecond year after its J fringing up, and
Cometimes the third. Prom this Root fpnngs up a
Plant much like the lafi, having fuel) like winged leaves,
fet in. the fame manner, and the zvings with 4, 5 or 6
Couples of Leaves, but differing in Greatnefs and
Colour j for the whole fialk is not above half f% long ,
nor the leave s' above half fo great in length or breadth,
but rather fome what fhort,and of a deep green Colour,
very much Jhining on the upper fide, but of a paler
green underneath, much hotter and fharper in tafie
than the former, (and not bitter) drawing Water in-
to the mouth. The fialk is feldom above a yard high
with joynts, and leaves thereon, and more branches
towards the top than the other, and bearing larger
umbles of flowers of a yellow Colour fucceedcd by flat-
tiff, but almofi round Seed of a pale brown Color.
This is fuppofed to be the American Laferpitium, or
Laferwort which yields a kind of Alfa Iktida.

V. The third Kind, or Coitus like All-heal, differs
not much in form- from the fecond, but in its great-
nefs, and in the fubfiance of its yellow juyee, which
this has not, and therefore is not of that Kind : this
has fuch large winged leaves. Jet in the fame manner
together, but lejfer, each leaf whereof is larger than
a Parfnip leaf, thicker , rougher and more crumpled,
alfo a little dented about the edges . The fialk is J mall
and about a yard high, full of joynts and lefier leaves
fet at them, branched towards the tops , and bearing
round tufts of yellow flowers, after which follows fiat
and fomewhat round Seed : The Root is Sappy, with
a thick flefhy Bark, and of a Jhining AJh Colour, bitter
and Jharp in tafie.

VL The fourth Kind, or Clufier-b earing All-heal,

has a Root of the thicknefs of ones Thumb , and very
long, from zvhence rifes up a round, pithy, browmfh
purple fialk. Jet at the joynts with large leaves, divi-
ded into many parts, ufually by three at a place, a lit-

tle dented about the edges’ bearing both at the joynts
wit h the leaves and at t tit f ops on f undry branchesynany
tufts of flowers, madPtf f hall threads, like Vine
Blojfoms -, at the Jirfi greenijh , but whiter afterwards,
which turn into fmall branches of green Berries, and
come afterwards to be of a dark red when they are ripe,
full of a pie af ant juyee, with many Seeds t herein. It
loofes both Stalks and Leaves every year, and theyfpring
up new again after Winter: the whole Plant, Leaves
and Roots are eaten as Pot-herbs and Sallets, by the
Indians, where it is natural-, as alfo' by our Europe-
ans which dwell among them, and tafie more pleafant
than the Fruit it felf.

_ VII. The fifth Kind, or Panaces Mofchatum Ame-
ricanum : The Root is long, white , and a little Jharp
and bitter, from whence fprings up its Jirfi leaves,
which are large, and about a foot long, only dented
about the edges, fomewhat like unto Coltmary leaves,
lying on the Ground, and compajfmg the long white
root at the head-, but thofe which follow'' are fo deeply
cut inf that they reach to the middle Rib almofi : the
Jlalk rifes to be about a yard high, without any leaves
thereon, favc only about the middle, where it has a
Knot and a Leaf which encompaffes it, of a differing
form from the refi: the top branches are fo heavily
laden with umbles of white flowers, that before they
open, they hang down their heads, pohich have fo ad-
mirable, fweet and odoriferous fmell, that it is not in-
ferior to Musk, and may be fmelt a great way from
t he place where it grows '.-the leaves tafie Jharp and a lit -
t le bit t er the Seed is like the Jirfi Kind, but notfo broad.

VIII. The Places. The firft grows in Italy, and
generally in our Gardens in many places; as in the
Phyfick Gardens at Oxford, IVeftminfier and Che If e a ;
The fecond was brought from America, and is now
Nourilhed in our hardens alfo. The third grows
on Mount Garganus in Apulia. The fourth and fifth
grow in America, as in K ew-England, Canada, New-
Tork, Maryland and Virginia.

IX. The Times. They ail flower in the latter Sum-
mer Months, and their Seed is perfe&ed in the end
of Summer.

X. The Vitalities. The herb, as alfo the Gum
Opopanax, are hot and dry in the fecond degree-, tho1
lome Authors will have the Gum to be hot in the 3d.
degree, which I do not believe. The Herb, as alfo
the Gum, Attenuate, Rarifie, Dilcufs, Refolve ; are
Vulnerary, and very gently attrafl : and by their ap-
propriation they are Cephalick, Stomatick, Pe&oral,
Splenetick, Hyfterick and Arthfttick. And are ac-
counted among die number of Alteratives yet the
Gum has been found fometimes to purge, thoJ but
very gently; for which reafon, it is often mixt with
Catharticks.

XI. The Specification. * Both Herb and Gum are
Angular Vulnerarys, and are known to Cure Wounds
and Ulcers before moft other things in the World.
The Gum alfo is ipecifick in Difeaies of the Spleen
and Womb, Removing Vapors, and helping Fits of
the Mother, as alfo outwardly to difculs or refolve
hard Tumors or Swellings, (if refolvable) in what
part of the Body foever.

XII. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing
of this Herb, but the Gum : ffom die Herb you may
prepare. 1. A Ponder of the Seed. 2. A Juyee. 3.
An E (fence. 4. A Syrup. 5. A Spirituous Tintture.
6. A Saline Tmtture. 7. An Oily Tinllure. 8. A
Decollion. 9. A Wine. 1 o. An Oil. 11. A Bal-
fam. 12. AnOintment. J13. ACataplaJm. 14 .An
Emplafier or Cerote. From the Gum you have, iy.
The fi rained or purified Gum. 16. Pills of Opopa -

Chap. 10. Engtijh 'Herbs. 15

mix. 17. A Volatil Acid Spirit. 18. A Oiftilled
Oil. 19. A Saline TinUure of the Gum 2a. A
Bafjarn of the Gum. 21. A Cerate of the Gum.

The Virtues.

XIII. The Powder of the Seed. This drunk in
Wormwood Wine, from hall a dram to j. dram, is
'good againft Poyfon, and die bitings of all Veno-
mous Creatines,.

XIV. The Juycc of tht Herb. It is good againft
Pains and Ulcers of the/Bladder, and helps againft
the Strangury, or difficulty in making Water : It
expels Worms, is good againft the bitings of mad
Dogs, or any other Venomous Creature. Dofc
j. ounce.

XV. The E [fence. It is Cephalick, PeUoral,
Hyfterick and ' Vulnerary, curing moft Dil'eafes ot
the Head, Breft, Lungs, and Womb, and is very
contributory to the healing of Wounds, or any old
Sore, or tunning Ulcer, helps Pains and Stitches in
the iide, hardnefs in the Spleen, and fuffocations of
the Mother, provokes the Courfes and expels the
Birth. Dole to j. ounce in any proper Vehicle.

XVI. The Syrup of the Juycc. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Juycc and Ejfcnce, but not altogether
fo powerful and effeftual, but fomething more plea-
fant, and may be exhibited to j. ounce more or lefs
in Wine, or Arfmart Water.

XVII. T he Spirituous TinUure. It has all the
Virtues of the EJfcncc , but is much more fit for
cold Cpnftitutions, it ftrengthens the Brain, Nerves
anc Seniitive Parts, warms a cold Stomach, and is
good againft any cold Difeafes in thofe Parts. Dofe
from j. dram to in. in Ale, Mead, or Wine.

XVIII. The Saline TinUure. It has all the for-
mer Virtues, but is more peculiar againft all Difeafes
of the Womb, Reins, Ureters and Bladder, tor it
diffolves all Tartarous Slime, Sand, Gravel and the
like in thole Parts : brings down the Courfes in
Women, and forces away both Birth and Afterbirth,
and clears the Urinary Palfages of whatever ob-
£lru£ls them. Dofe from j. dram to ij. in Wine or
Parlley Water.

XIX. The Oily TinUure. It is good againft the
Colick, and Windinefs of the Bowels, and is faid
to expel the dead Child : it heals Wgunds by the
firft intention, efpecially thofe of the Nerves, and
is good againft; the Toothach, (held awhile in the
Mouth) old Sores, numnefs of the Limbs, Pallies,
fjc. outwardly applyed, by anointing therewith,-
and inwardly given, fiom vj. to xij. or xvj. drops in
Ale, Beer, Mead, Wine, or fome proper Liquor.

XX. The DecoUion of the Herb , in water or
Wine, may be ufed as a Diet-Drink for the curing
of Wounds, old Ulcers, running Sores and Fiftula’s,
and to heal internal Ulcers in the Lungs: Dofe iv,
v, or vj. ounces at a rime, two or three times a day ;
it is faid gently to evacuate Choler.

XXI. The I Vine. It is only an Infufion of the
Herb in Wine, and is fomething more powerful, at
leaft more proper than the DecoUion, for all the
fame purpofes in cold Conftitutions or habits of
Body, to eafe cold Difeafes of the Head and Nerves,
and give eafe in the Cholick : Dofe ij. or iij. ounces
or more, two or three rimes a day.

XXII. The Oil. It is Vulnerary, and heals Wounds

after an admirable manner: anointed it diffolves

Oedema’s, or cold Tumors in any Part,Difcuffes hard
fwellings in the Joynts, and gives eafe in the Gout,
Spleen , and other Pains from a cold caufe, being
anointed on the place.

XXIII. The Balfam. This is mote excellent for
curing of Wounds, and commonly performs the
Work by the firft Intention ; it cleanfes and heals

Ulcers-, and is a Angular thing for the curing of
Fiftula’s, being injected fealding hot into the fame.

It gives eafe alfo in the Goijit, and in all Aches and
Pains Horn a cold caufe : And covers naked Bones
with Flefti.

XXIV. The Ointment. It foftens the hardnefs of
the Spleen, and is of good ufe in diffolving or dil-
cuffing hard fwellings of the Kings F.vil.

.XXV. The Cataplafm. It is Difcuffive, Refolu-
tive and Anodyn ; and an excellent thing to be apply-
ed to Kings evil fwellings, or any hard Tumor in
any part of the Body: The Green Leaves beaten into
a Cataplafm with Honey, and apply ed, cures Wounds
and Ulcers, incarnates, and covers naked Bones with
Flefti.

XXVI. The Cerot or Employer. It is Difcuffive,
Refolutive and Anodyn: and applyed to any weak
Part or Joynt, it fo ftrengthens it, as to hinder an
afflux of Humors to that Place : it is alfo good a-
gainlt Spalms and Cramps, and numnefs of the
Limbs; helps the pain, fwellings, and hardnefs of
the Spleen and Hypochonders, being fpread upon
Leather or new Cloth and applyed.

The Virtues of the Gum Opopanax,

XXVII. The f ramed or purified Gum. It is a
Gummy Juyce flowing from the Root of Panax.
Herculeum , being cut ot wounded ; which is after-
wards infpiffated or brought to a thicknels, and is
then called in the Greek, 'kmitafi, ApopanaX ; and
in Latin , Opopanax: it is a fine fragrant Gum of a
reddilh, or reddilh yellow color outwardly, but in-
wardly of a whitilh yellow : it comes out of the
Plant white, and in round loofe drops, and is white
within, but being glutinous it flicks together in
Lumps, and by degtees it becomes thick, and of a
Gold color on the out fide, but being diffolved is al-
. molt like Milk. It difeuffes Wind, purges Flegra
which is thick and tough,, even from the remote
parts of the Body, as from the Head, Brain, Nerves,
Joynts, Reins and Womb : it diflolves Tartaroud
mucilage in the Breft, Lungs and Mifentery, digelts,
and foftens Tumors, and is a good riling againft: an
old Cough, (harpneis of Humors, fhortneis of Breath,
difficulty in breathing, and other obftructions of the
Vifccra. It is depurated by diffolving it in Vinegar,
(training and infpiffating. It may be given from half
a dram to a dram or more, correfted with Ginger,
and Nutmeg. Diffolved in Vinegar and drunk an
hour befor the Fit of an Ague, it is faid to cure
it.

XXVIII. The Pills of Opopanax. Take Opopa-
nax ( made f oft with Syrupus Catharticus prepared
as in our Pharmacopeia Chirurgica ) ij. ounces : Scam-
tttony fine Poudcr iv. ounces : Cretnor Tartan , a
fufficient quantity : Oil of Lemons ij. drams : mix
and make a mafs of Pills. Dofe from xvi. grains, to
xxx. grains or half a dram. They purge all Humors,
and from all parts of the Body, without making
fick, or griping ; diffolve and expel tartarous and
ftarp humors out of the Bowels , which are the
original Caufes of the Gout, Stone, hardnefs of the
Spleen, Hypochondriack Melancholy, and fits of the
Mother ; "and have moft of the Virtues of the Gum
at Sell. 27. aforegoing: They are an excellent Medi-
cine, not enough to be valued, and may be taken
twice or thrice Week, life.

XXIX. The Volatil Acid Spirit. It is made of
the Gum by Diftilling it in a Glafs Retort either in
Sand, or Balneo Marie , as we . have taught in Our
Seplafum , lib. 9. cap. 40. feU. 8. It admirably
opens the obftruftions of the Lungs, Liver, Spleen,
Bowels, Reins, Ureters and Womb ; brings down
die Courfes, caufes Urine, and prevails againft V a-

i6

Salmon V Herbal.

Lib. I.

pots, and Fits of die Mother, and moft Dileaiesin
Women proceeding from a ftoppage of their Terms ;
Dole from xx. to xxx. drops or more, in l'oms
ilyjhnck Water.

XXX. The Tift tiled Oil. This is made with the
Spirit, and comes laft after the Spirit, as is directed
in the place afore quoted of Our Seplajium ; it has
the Virtues of the Spirit, but is much more naufeous
to be taken, and is chiefly given againft Fits of the
Mother in Women from ij. drops to iy. or vj. in
fome proper Liquor, but is moftly ufed in fucli like
Cafes to anoint the Noftrils therewith, ortofmellto.

XXXI. T he Saline linQurc. It is a Famous
thing, and has all the Virtnes of the limple Gum,
at fell. 27. aforegoing: But this opperates more
fpeedily, and more Powerfully opens all obftru&iens
of the Vifcera , chiefly the Lungs, Spleen, Reins and
Womb. Dofe from j. dram to ij. in a Glals of
White Port Wine, Mead, or other fit Vehicle.

XXXII. The Blfam. It it made cj the Gum ,
iiffolved in Vinegar i y .ounces, mixt with 1 itr penline ,
half am. Capivij , of each iij. ounces : Gam Elemi,
Oil Olive, Oil of Ben, of each ij. ounces : mix and
evaporate to a juft confiflency. It cures Wounds by
the firft intention, and is excellent in all Wounds of
the Head, Brain, Nerves, Joynts, and other parts :
it alio cleanfes running Sores, old Ulcers, malign
Filtula’s, and quickly heals them.

XXXIII. The Cerote. It is made of the former
Ba/Jarn, iy adding to every xvj. ounces of Balfam,
y ounce and half of Oil of Peter, and a Sufficient
quantity of Wax, to bring it to a due con/iftency of
a [oft Cerote : It cures Wounds in any part, and is
an excellent thing to foften hard Tumors, difculs
or refolve them, as Nature moft defigns : It eafes
the Gout, and Pains proceeding from a cold Caufe.
See a Dilcourfe of the Gum more at large, hi Our
laid Seplajium , the place afore quoted.

T be Virtues of Panax Coftinum.

XXXIV. Its Qualities. It is compleatly hot and
dry in the third Degree. It opens, cleanfes, cuts,
and makes thin and by appropriation it is Cepha-
lick, Peftoral, Hepatick, Splenetick, Hyfterick and
Nephritick : performing its operations altogether as
an Alterative.

XXXV. The Specification. It is prevalent againft
Ihortnets of Breath, Diftempers of the Head and
Brain, and the Cholick, or Griping of tire Guts.

XXXVI. The Preparations. You may Prepare
Horn it, 1 . An Effence. 2. A Sprit nous Tinllure.

3. A Saline Tinllure. 4. An Oily Tinllure. A
TtecoHion. 6. A Wine. 7. A Cataplfm.

Tie Virtues.

XXXVII. Tie Effence. It is an Admirable thing
againft cold Difealesof the Head, Brain andNerves,
as Headaches, Vertigo’s, Fallinglicknefs, Lethargies,
Convulfions and the like : it is good againft Coughs’
Colds, (hortnefs of Breath, obftruaions of the Lungs’
Liver, Spleen and Womb. Dofe ij. or iij. fpoonfuls
in a Glals of Wine, Mead, or other proper Liquor.

XXXV1I1. The Spirituous Tinllure. It Warms
a cold Stomach, is good for Nerves obftruUed
and chill’d through Cold ; and is prevalent againft the
Fallingficknels, Spleen and Hypochondriack Melan-
choly. Dofe from j. to iij. drams.

XXXIX. The Saline Tinllure. It has all the
Virtues of the Effence, and Spirituous TinUure, but
heats not fo powerfully ; however it better opens
obltruffions of the Vifcera, provokes the Courfes
reprefles the Fits of the Mother, cleanfes the Womb’
kills Worms, expels the Urine, Birth, Deadbirth’

and Afterbirth, and diffolves Tartarous Concretions,
as Scone, Gravel, llimy matter, iS'c. Dofe from
j. dram to ij. in Parfly Water.

XL. The Oily Tinllure. It comforts the Nerves,
provokes Urine, helps in Difeafes of the Reins and
Bladder, and prevails againft Cramps, Convulfions,
Gouts, pains and aches proceeding ftom Cold, Palfies,
Rheumatilms, being outwardly applyed, ’and 'in-
wardly taken from iv. drops to xij. in fome con-
venient Vehicle.

XLI. Tie Decoliion. It opens Obftruaions, dif-
folves the Tartarous Matter which breeds the Gout,
and carries of the moft of the Morbifick caufe by
Urine. Dole from iv. to viij. ounces.

XLII. The Wine. It expels Wind, ftrengthens
the Stomach and Bowels, and is good againft the
Cholick, or Gripings of the Guts. Dofe iij. or iv.
ounces, morning and evening, or in Extremity.

XL1II. The Catap/afm. It is made of the Herb
beaten in a Morter, and mixt with Hogs-Lard and
Turpentine, of each of the two laft a like quantity.
It gives eafe in the Gout, or any pain in the Joynts
proceeding from a cold Caufe, is good againft
Cramps, and the fhrinking up of the Sinews, by
reafon of violent Convulfions.

CHAP. XI.

Of ALL-HEAL of /Efculapius,

I. 'T' H E Names. It is called in Greek ndrxxic
X ’Ac TK^rmicv: in Latin 5 Panax (S' Panaces
Afclepium : and in Englijh , JEfculapws his All-
heal. ' ’

Mhml

II. The Kinds. Gerard fays it is a Eerulaceom
Want-, of which there are faid to be five Kinds.
1 ’ ’ Afckpjum Lobe Iij , Lobel his Efculapi-

us/,, U-neal. Panax Afclepium Mattbioli . that
o Matthiolus. 3. Panax Afclepium Column*.
That of Columna. 4. Panax Afclepium Da/echam-
pi). That of Delechampius. Panax Afclephm
Angular* D ^ftnerarf That of Anguilara and
Camerarius. Thefe differ not much one from ano-
ther, being all Eerulaceom Plants, except that of

Dale-

\

Chap. 12.

HI, D

Herb ,

x

7

'Ta/echampius ; and are much of a Nature, but not
eulily to be gotten except the firft, aud of 'that we
fhnll only treat in this Chapter. ,

III. The Defcription. The Root is long, white ,
am l of a ftrong /me//, pot growing deep , nor abiding
alter its giving Seed ; Jrom whence Springs up a fen-
der Stalk , of about a Toot and a half high , crefted
and Joyntcd , and from thefe Joynts proceed Leaves ,
bigger than thofe of fennel, and alfo rougher, and of
a ftrong fmell: at the Tops of the Branches grow
Vmb/es of flowers-, which are yellow , after which
comes a broad and JlattiJh Seed, not fo fmall as that of
fennel , but more like to that of Ferula, and of a
quick tafte and fmell

IV. The Places. It was firft found growing in
Iflria ; but now is nourifhed in our Gardens in Eng-
land, as alfo in Gardens in moft places of Europe.

V. The Times. It Flowers in June, July and
Augufl -, and the Seed is ripe not long after, or in
September ; after which the Stalk with its Leaves
periih.

VI. The /Vitalities. It is hot and dry in the
fecond Degree. Attenuating , inciding , abfterfive,
binding, (Lengthening, and Vulnerary •, and by appro-
priation is Cephalick, Neurotick, Hylterick and
Arthritick : It is alfo Alexipharmick and Alterative.

VII. The Spcification. It refills Poyfon, and is
found by long experience to be a famous healer of
Wounds.

VIII. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing
of it, but you may prepare from it, i. A Juice.
2. An Efence. 5. A Saline Tinilture. 4. An Oily
Tincture. 5 . A fecocliom m Wine. 6. A Spirituous
Tin'll ure from f lowers and Seed. 7. An Oil. 8. A
Balfam. 9. A Calaplafm. 10. An Emp/after or
Cerot.

The Unites.

IX. The Juice. Inwardly taken and outwardly
apply’d, it 'is a good Vulnerary, healing, congluti-
nating, and drying up Wounds.

X. The EJfence. It not only heals and conglu-
tinates Wounds, but cleanfes old and running Sores,
putrid Ulcers, and cacoethick or ill condition’d
Fiftula’s. It may be given inwardly from ij. to
iii. ounces ; and Cloths wet in the fame may be
apply’d to the Sore or Ulcer : if it is a Fiftula, it is
to be inlefted in, pretty hot,twicea day withaSyring.

XI. The Saline Tmtlure. It cuts , makes thin,
cleanfes and carries off by Urine thick and tough
humors; cleanfing the Breft and Lungs from all
cold phlegmatick humors. Dole ij. drams or more.

XII. The Oily T m3 ure. Dropt into Wounds of the
Nerves and Tendons, and plegets dipt in the fame and
apply’d upon the part ; it heals them commonly at
. iirft dreffing.

XIII. The DecoSion in Wine. It is an Antidote
againft Poyfon, and is profitably drank again!! biting
of Serpents, as Vipers, Rattle-Snakes, 0V. and
other Poyfonous Creatures. Dofe vj. or viij. ounces.

XIV. The Spirituous TinSure from the flowers and
Seed. It reflates the Habit of the Body, makes the
Blood Balfamick, and gives it its due Crafis, in-
ducing the healing of green Wounds, running
Sores, old Ulcers, and other external breakings out
in the Skin. Dofe ij. drams, morning and evening
in a draught of the Decoction.

XV. The Oil. It l'mooths the Skin, takes away
Wheals, Pufhes, Scurf, M'orphew, and other break-
ings out, being anointed therewith ; heals Wounds,
cleanfes Ulcers, and brings them to a fpeedy cure.

XVI. The Balfam. It is made of the Juke in-
f pi fated to the tbicknefs of New Honey , iv. ounces,
mixed with Gum Eicon, Balfam Capwij , and Stral-

Burg Turpentine , Oil of Ben, of each ij. ounces
It heals Wounds of the Head , Joynts, Nerves’
Tendons, & c. by the firft Intention, cleanfes Ulcers-)
Fiftula’s, 0V. Incarnates, and fuddenly cures them.

XVII. The Cataplafm. It is made of the green
Herb bruifed and beaten up with a little Honey.
It cleanfes Ulcers powerfully, and is good againft
fretting and running Sores, Cankers in the Mouth,
i’u flics, tic. being apply’d.

XVIII. The Cerote or Emplajler. It is made of
the Balfam, by adding to every vj. ounces, Frankin-
cenfe and Bee’s Wax, of each ij. ounces, mixing
them over a gentle fire. It heals green Wounds,
and incarnates Ulcers and heals them after cleanfing.

CHAT. XII.

Of A L L - S E E D.

I- ' I ' H E Names. It is called in the Greek ,
JL noAvW ig[Mp. In Latin, Polyfpermon, and
Polyfpermon Cafani Ba ft ; Atriplex Sy/vejlris : And
in Englijh, All-feed, or Wild Arrach,

II. The Kinds. It is of the Kind of B/ites, and
of the Wild fort, of which it is lingular : But
fome Authors account it among the number of
Araches, and therefore callit Atrip/ex Sylvejlrk, but
it is none of thofe Plants.

• III. The Deicription. The Root is white , fender
and long, with fome firings ; and the Plant is fome-
thing like to the Blite , being one of the Wild Kind
as aforefati , but lejfcr than the ■ Garden Blite-, the
Leaves are uneven on their edges, broad towards the
Stalk , and growing narrower till they end almoft in it
point , but yet round pointed: It has fever at Stalks
which are much Branched, on the upper parts of
which is a great abundance of fmall flowers, growing
on long and fpikie greenifh Heads ; fet very thick to-
gether, after which follows the Seed, which being fo
very dofe and thick fet makes it look as if it was
all Seed, whence come the namePoyfpetmon : which
Seeds are black and /lining. D IV-

I

8

Salmons Herbal.

Lib. I.

i v • 1 he Places. It grows Wild, in many places
in England, and in many Gardens as a weed, where
it is W pedal out.

V. The l Dues. It Flowers and Seeds from June
to the end of Auguji, or the beginning of Septem-
ber. the Seed being ripe not long after the falling of
the Flowers.

VI. The Qualities. It is cold and moift (accord-
ing to Galen) in the fecond Degree. It is fome-
thing opening, abfterfive and emollient : and by ap-
propriation Uterine and Arthritic!?-, being of the
Stock of the Alteratives.

VII. The Specification. Its chief intention is to
cool InBamations, and foften hard Tumors.

VIII. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing
of this Plant ; but you may prepare therefrom.
l.AnEjfcnce. 2. A Juice. 3. A Decotfion. 4 .An
Ointment. j. A Cotaplafm. 6. A Ponder of the Seed.

The Virtues.

IX. The Ejfence. It cools inward Inffamations
and abates the heat of Fevers, and is good inward-
ly taken againft an Eryfipelas, and other like heats:
and opens the obftructions of the Liver. Dofe
from j. to ij. ounces fweetned with Sugar.

X. The Juice. It has the Virtues of theEffence,
but cools more, and is good to Gargle with in a
Quinfey j and is profitable againft heat of the Sto-
mach, and Infiamation of the Lungs. It cleanfes
the Womb, and makes the Belly Soluble. Dofe
j. or ij. ounces in any fit Vehicle. Outwardly it is
good to bathe with in an Eryfipelas.

XI. The Decoliion. It is good againft heat in the
Reins, and fcalding of Urine in making Water: and
if a little Nitre is difolved in it, it not only takes
off the burning heat in Piffing, but opening all the
Obftru&ions of the Urinary paflages , it caufes a
plentiful making of Urine, and takes off the heat
of any Burning Fever tho never fo great. Dole
vj. or viij. ounces well fweetned with Sugar, in
which half a dram of Nitre, or more may be dif
folved: it may betaken twice a day.

XII. The Ointment. It cools Inflamations, eafes
pain of the Gout and other Aches proceeding from
g hot caufe, and is good againft Scurff, Morphew,
"cabs, Pimples, and other breakings out, and defile-
ments of the Skin : and anointed is good to foften
hard Tumors.

XIII. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Herb
beaten in a Stone Morter, to every handful of which
ij. drams of Nitre in fine Pouder is put, and dif-
iolved, and brought to a confiftency with Barley
Flower. It gives prefent eafe in the Gout, and all
other pains proceeding from a hot Caufe. Is good in
an Eryfipelas being fpread thiu, as alfo Scurff,
Morphew, Leprofy, and is to be renewed two or
three times in twenty four Hours

XIy. The Fonder of ihe Seed. It is cooling,
affects the Stomach, Reins, Bladder and Womb,
taking away any preternatural heat in any of thofe
pa.rts : and being taken from half a dram to j. dram
i t is laid to be an effeftual cure for the Yellow Jaun-
dice •, and to reprefs the overflowing of Choler.

CHAP. XIII.

Of Garden ANEMONIES.

II. The Kinds. Some Authors will have them
ol the Stock of Crowfoot, by reafon of the fhape of
tne Leaf But to me it feems to be a peculiar fftant
of it felf : and is divided into three principal Kinds,
viz. The Garden, the Wild , and the Bafiard. The
Garden Kinds are almoft innumerable, at leaftwife
not eafie to be reckoned up ; and for my part I be-
lieve, it would puzle the molt experienced thrift,
to give a juft enumeration of them, and therefore I
Ihall not here attempt it, but give you the Defec-
tion of thefe few following, i. The fwgle Ane-
mone, which is purple, red , blood-Colored, blew,
yellow, white. 2. The Double Anemone , which is
red or fcarlet, purple, crimfon, blewifh, orange
tawny, white, & c. to which we add the following
Wild Anemonies, viz. 3. The great Wild or Wood
fwgle Anemone white. 4. The fmaller Wild or
Wood fwgle Anemone, purple, yellow, white, 7.
The Wild double Anemone , purple, red and white.
Thefe laft three we Treat of in the next Chapter.
The third Kind are the Bcftard Anemonies, which
tho’ they may be accounted as one of the Kinds of
the fame Tribe; yet by reafon the Englijh Name,
which is Fafque-tlomr , falls not in the prefent Let-
ter of the Alphabet, we (hall refer you to its proper
Place and Letter, which will be in Chap. 572. fol-
lowing.

a.KEMOXE

I.

T UE Names. This Plant is called in Ara-
7- J"CK Jackick, Alnahamen , Sakaick, Mami-
? a : in Greek, ’An/shni, t» uvft., quaft herba Ven-
ii:m Latin alfo. Anemone, Sc Herba Venti : and
m Englijh, Anemonic ane Wind-Flower.

III. The Defcription. 1. The fwgle Garden
Anemonte. It hat a Root which is thick and Tube -
rom or knobby ; from whence rifes up many Leaves,
much cut in or jagged, almoft like unto Adonis Flow-
er, or not much unlike to the more jagged or finely cut
Crowfoot, among which rifes up a Stalk or Stalks
bare or naked almoft up to the Top, at which place it
with two or three Leaves : at the top of the
Stalk comes forth a fair Flower confifting , fome of
them, of fix, fome of feven, and fome of Eight Leaves
of a Delicate Color, fome purple, fome red, fome
Lrimjon, fome blew, fome yellow , and fouce white
Colored, &c. impojfible to be deferibed, to their full
perf dl ion *, with Thrums or Threads in the middle
of a blackifh purple Color, and fometimes various
Colored, according to the Color of the Flower. But

here

Chap. 13. Engkjb Herbs .

here is to be noted that the yellow Anemone differs
much from all the reft of the Jingle various Colored
Anemonies, for its Leaf is much like to a Common
Mallow Left finely dented about the edges, 0 green
011 the lop , and fomething reddifh underneath , its
flower is yellow , and the Head or Thrumb in the
ruddle is yellow alfo. In all thefe Colored Jingle
Anemonies, when the flowers are blown away , there
remains a ' 'Head whereon grows the Seed , which is
Jmall and black , or blackifh , inc/ofcd in a kind of
feft Wooll or Down.

IV. The Double Garden Anemone. The Root is,
thick and Tuberous much like to the Root of the for-
mer : and indeed the Roots , Leaves and Stalks much
refemble the former Jingle Anemones, but the Leaf
is not altogether fo finely cut and Divided , as the red
or Purple-flowerd fingle are : at the top ofi the Stalk
t here ftands a fair flower either red orfcarlet , crim-
fon, purple blewifh , orange , tawney , yellow or white ,
ormixt with fiome of thefe ^ Conffting of divers broader
Leaves , with fever al rows of narrower Leaves one
within another , which together make a very fair and
beautiful flower , the middle Head being thick clofed
either of a gfeenifh , or whitifh Color , or with red
Colored Thrumbs tipt with blew , or various accord-
ing to the Colors of the flower. After the F lowers,
there foMptos she Heads which contain the Seeds as
the former. Here note , that the double yellow Ane-!
mone has fuch broad roundifb Leaves as the Jingle j
Kind, but fomewhat larger or ranker , and the Stalks
are befet with larger Leaves , more deeply cut in on
the edges, and the flowers are of a more pale yellow ,
with fome purplijh Veins on the out fide ■, and there is
befides t hefe , fo great a variety ofi mixt Colors , in
this Kind of Anemone,zu/r/;> broad Leaves arifing every
year from the ■ J owing of the Seed, of fome of the
Choiceft , that it is wonderful to obferve , not only the
variety of fingle Colors , but the mixture of two or
three Colors in one flower , befides the diverjity of
the bottoms of the flowers , and of the Thrumbs or
Threads in the Middle. But in all thefe various
Colored double Anemones , the greateft wonder of
beauty is in the variety of double flowers , that ar if e
front the other fingle ones, fome having two or three
'rows of Leaves in the flowers , and fome fo thick of
Leaves as a double Marigold, or double Crow-
foot, and of the fame fever al Colors that are in the
fingle flowers , that it is almoft impoffble to exprefs
them fever ally • fome falling out to be more double
in one year which are lefs double in another year ,
yet very many abiding conftantly double as at firft.
This we thought good to advert if e in General ', that it
may be applied to each variety , and every Kind of
flower of each- variety in particular, to fave the far-
ther trouble of endlefs Defcriptions, and a needlefs
multiplication of Words to no purpofe.

V . The Places. Thefe were moft of them brought,
to us from Conftantinople, fome from Italy, and fome
from Germany -, but now they are Inhabitants, and
Natives of our own Country, and may be found
almoft every where in Gardens, efpecially in Phy-
fick-Gardens, and the Gardens of induftrious Th-
rifts.

VI. The Times. They Flower from the begining
of January to the end of April-, and when they
begin to fade, the Seed (where there is any) is car-
ried away with the Wind. But if they bear Seed,
it muft be carefully gathered, but yet not before it
is throughly ripe, which you may know by the
Head, for when the Seed with the Woolinefs begins
to rile a little of it felf, at the Lower end, ir muft
then be prefently gathered, and laid to dry for a
Week or more, which then being gently rubbed with
a little dry Sand or Earth, will caufe the Seed to be.
lomewhat better feparated, tho’ not perfectly from

its Down or Wooll inels, that encompalfes it : with-
in a Month at the moft after the feed is thus gather-
ed and^ prepared, ir is to be Sown, for lb you will
get a Year in its growth, more than you would do
i t you fowed it in the next Spring : if there is any
Wooll inels in the Seed, they are to be feparated from
it as well as may be, and their town pretty thin, not
too thick, upon a plain linobth bed of fine Earth or
rather in Pots or Tubbs 5 after die Sowing, life or
gently ftrew over them fome fine, good, frefll
Mould, about an inch deep at moft for the firft time :
about a month after their firft fpringing up, ftrew
or lift over them in like manner, another inch thick-
nefs of fine Earth, and in the mean Seafon, if the
Weather proves dry, you muft water them gently
and often, but not to over-glut them with moifture :
thus doing, they will fpring up before Winter, and
grow fo ftrong, as to be able to abide a fharp Win-
ter, tho5 in their Infancy ; but vou ought to take
fome care in covering them loofely with Straw,
f ern-leaves, or fuch-like, to keep them from the
extremity* of cold, which yet muft not lye dole up-
on them, nor too far off neither. The next Spring
after Sowing, you may, it you ftj pleale, remove
them j but in my Opinion it will be better to ftay
till the next Auguft, when you may remove and fet
them in order by rows, with a luffi’cientdiftanceone
from another, where you may keep them till you
fee what kind of Flower each Plant will bear, which
you may afterwards difpofe according to your
mind: many of thefe Plants thus ordered (if your
Mould is fine, loofe, ftefh and black Earth, not
Stony, Clayifh, &V.) will bear Flowers the fecond
year after Sowing, and moft or all of them the
third year, if the place you put them in is in a
clear Air, free from the Smoak of Chimnies, For-
naces, Brewers or Dyers Fats, Mault Kilns, Cfc. in
which they will never thrive. The ordinary time
to Plant Anemones inis Auguft, and then they will
be in flower fometimes before Winter, bur moft
commonly in february , March and April, few of
them abiding until May -, but if you keep fome
Roots out of the Ground unplanted, untill february,
March and April, and Plant fome at one time and
fome at another, you (hall have them bear Flowers
according to their Planting: thofe which you Plant
in february will flower about the middle or end of
May, and fo the. reft accordingly, as to the time
you Plant them in * and thus you may have the
pleafure and variety of thefe Plants, out'of their na-
tural Seafons, which is fcarcely to be had in any o-
ther Herb ; Nature not being fo apt to be provoked
or forced in other things, as (he is in this. But in
keeping your Anemone Roots out of the Ground for
this purpofe, you are to keep them neither too dry
nor too moift, that they may neither wither, Iprout
nor rot and in Planting them, you muft not fee
them in too open and funny a place, but where they
may have fomething of fhaddow.

VII. The Vitalities. They are hot and dry in the
third degree. They Attenuate, Incide, and vehe-
mently Attract ; and by Appropriation are Cepha-
lick, Uterine and Arthritick : and are only Altera-
tives in refpeU to Heat or Cold.

VIII. . The Specification. It is peculiar a gain ft
Apoplexies, F.pilepfies, Lethargies, Madnels, Ver-
tigo:s proceeding from a cold and moift Humor, or
Diftemper of the Head and Brain.

IX. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing
of this Plant in Store, but you may have, 1 . The
Roots, Stalks and Leaves. 2. The Juice. 3. The
Ejfence. 4. The Decottion. 5. A Mafticatory. 6.

A Gargarifm. 7. A P off ary. 8. An Ointment. 9.
ACataplafm. 10. A Saline Tintlure. 11. An Oily
Tinfture-,

D 2 The

20 Salmons Herbal . Lib. 1.

The Virtues.

X. The Reels., Stalks end Leaves. Thefe boiled
in Water, chiefly the Roots, or Roots and Leaves,
till fuch time as their fiery and biting Tafte is moftly
gone, and being Eaten as a Salet, with a little But-
ter, Salt and Vinegar, are faid to encreafe Milk in
Nurfcs. ,

XL The Juice. Being fnuffed up the Nofe
morning and evening, but chiefly at Bed time, it
mightily Purges the Head and Brain, and brings a-
vvay abundance of cold, moilt, flegmatick Humors,
and thereby frees the Patient from Apoplexies, Epi-
lepfies, Lethargies, and molt other cold Diftempers
of the Head, Brain and Nerves, caufed by thofe Hu-
mors lodged in the Head, in the Cavities of the
Brain, or between the Meninges thereof, viz. be-
tween the Pia and Dura Mater.

XII. The Effence. It has the fame Virtues, be-
ing ufedas an Errhine, but is chiefly given inwardly
to provoke the Terms, bring away the Birth, After-
birth, or Dead Child. Inje&ed into running Sores,
old Ulcers and Fiftula’s, it admirably cleanfes them,
and difpofes them to healing. Dofe from half an
ounce to i. ounce, in any proper Vehicle.

XIII. The Decoction. If it is made of the Leaves
with half Water half Wine, it powerfully provokes
the Terms, and brings away the Dead Child; and
the Body or Places affeUed being bathed therewith,
it Cures Sun-burnings, Tanning, Scurff, Morphew,
Leprofie, Scabs, W c. Dofe iv. ounces twice a day.

XIV. The Ma/licatory. The Root chewed in the
Mouth, draws out a Flux of cold Rheum, by which
the Tooth-ach, Head-ach, Megrim, Apoplexies,
Epilepfies, Carus, Lethargies, and other ileepy Di-
feafes proceeding from a cold and moift caufe, are
Cured.

XV. The Gargartfm. It is made of equal parts
of the Juice and DecoHion mixt together, in which,
to every iv. ounces of the Mixture, ij, drams of Ni-
tre are added and diffolved. It has all the Virtues
of the Juice and Mafticatory, and purges and clean-
fes the Head and Brain fo admirably as to Cure all
thofe Difeafes afore-named of thofe parts; and
where they are not prelent, but are only feared from
a coldnefs of the Head and Parts adjacent, a Slee-
pinefs, and a being Ruffed with cold flegmatick Hu-
mors ; the ufe hereof now and then prevents their
coming, and fecures the Patient for the future.

XVI. The Pe/fary. It is made either of the Root
cut into form, or of the Juice made up with melted
Wax and Barley Flower ; put up into the Womb or
Vagina, it opens the Veins of the Womb, and by its
attractive force, provokes and draws down the
Terms : but it ought to be feveral times renewed,
taking proper things alfo by the Mouth.

XVII. The Ointment. It is made of the green
Herb or Juice. The Eye-lids being anointed there-
with, it helps Ophthalmies or Inftamations of the
Eyes ; and applyed to running Sores, old Ulcers,
putrid Fiftula’s, and other malign and corroding
Defilements, it perfefilly cleanfes them, ftrenthens
the Part Afleaed, and promotes their healing.

XVIII. The Cataplafm. It is made of the green
Herb beaten with Hogs Lard, in which a little Alum
and Nitre, in fine Pouder, are mixt and diffolved :
applyed, it eafes Pain in any Part, and Cures Scurff,
Morphew and Leprofie, being ufed for fome confi-
derable time.

XIX. T be Saline TmQure. The External Parts
of the Body being walhed with it, it removes all
forts of Defilements, cleanfing the Part, and killing
the Humor, by deftroying the Ferment which breeds
it. Mixt with double quantity of Juice, it becomes

an excellent Gargarifm or Liquid Errhine, purging
the Head and Brain of all cold Humors. Let Phy-
ficians talk what they pleafe, all the Cephalick or
Head-purging Pills in the World cannot purge the
Head and Brain liketopowerfulErrhines,Gargarifms
or Malticatories.

XX. The Oily TiiiBure. This is indeed truly
beneficial for all fuch as are troubled with Oedema’s
cold Tumors, Pains and Aches in any part of the
Body from a cold Caufe, as alfo for fuch as are
afflifled with Spafms, Cramps, Convulfions, weak-
neis of the Nerves, Tremblings, Numednefs, Pal-
fies, and the like, being anointed effeHually twice
a day upon the place affefted, (and in Palfies, along
the Back Bone alfo-,) and continuing the Ufe there-
of, for fome confiderable time.

CHAP. XIV.

Of Wild ANEMONES.

mid ANEMON -Ejtjrecl-1 ,

I. ' | ' H E Names. This Plant is called in Greek,
X ’Ape iLuvn ayfta. in Latin, Anemone Sy he fir is.
Anemone Nemorum , Herba Venti Sylvehiris ; and in
Englilh, Wild Anemone.

II. The Kinds. They are twofold, i. Thefingle
Anemones. 2. The double Anemones. The fingle
Anemones Wild are, 1. The Greater or Broad-leav-
ed Wild White Anemone. 2. The Common or
Smaller-leaved Wild Anemone , Purple, Carnation
Yellow, White. 3. The Wild double Anemone.
Purple, Red, White.

III. The Defcription. 1. The Greater or Broad-
leav’d Wild White Anemone. The Root confijis of a
great number of long black Strings, encreafing very much
by running under Ground, and /hooting up in divers
places, from whence fprings forth divers broad green
Leaves, cut into divifions, and dented about, very
like unto a broad Leav if Crowfoot, from among which

rifes

Chap. 14. ‘Englijh

rift's up a S tti Ik , having fome fitch like cut Leaves
in the middle thereof cut grow below , but f mailer -, on
the top whereof jlands one large white Flower, confi-
ning of five Leaves for the moft part , with fome yellow
1 breads in the middle , funding about j'ttch a green
Head as you fee in the Garden Anemones, which
growing greater after the Flower is pafl , is compofed
of many fmall Seeds , wrapped up in a white kind of
Down , which cu foon cut they are ripe , raife them-
f elves up from the bottom of the Head , and fly away
with the Wind , or the Garden kinds do.

IV. 2. The Common or Smaller-leav’d Wild An-
gle-dower’d Anemone. Jt has a Root long and final, l,
fomewhat like unto the Root of Polypody, creeping
■under the upper crufl of the Earth, from whence rifes
up one or two , and fome times more fmall round ,
naked Stalks , bearing about the middle of them, fmall
foft and tender jagged Leaves , deeply cut in and in-
dented on the edges about , from above which alfo does
grow the Stalk , bearing fmall Flowers , Furple, Car-
nation, Fellow or White, not much unlike to a Crow-
foot, ( (landing upon weak foot Stalks ) with fome
Threads in the middle.

ANEMO N £.

V. 5. The Wild double-flower’d Anemone.. This
double kind is very like unto the ftngle white kind
before deferibed, both in its long running Roots , and
its thin jagged Leaves, but Jomewhat larger : the
Flowers whereof are very thick and double, but fmall,
of a faint fweet Scent , which are of a purple, red, or
white colour after they are blown, j or five Or fix days -,
the purple and red are of a fine light colour towards
the tops of the Leaves, but the bottoms of the Leaves
of a very deep colour of the kind : and the White-
flowered are very white when full blown, but after-
wards they become a little purplifh on the inflde, but
more on the out fide, after which comes a fmall Head
like the former kinds, but feldom or never give any
Seed, efpecially the \Vhite kind.

VI. The rlaces. The firft broad -leav’d grows
Wild in divers places of Auflria and Hungary • but
with us, is nourilht up in Gardens ; the other Angle

Herbs. 2 1

kinds grow wild in moft places in England, in
Woods, Copfes, Groves, Orchards, &e. except that
with yellow f lowers. The double-flowered are
only found in Gardens; but Clufws. fays they are
found in the Low Countries, in a Wood near Le-
tt ain.

VII. The Times. They flower from the begin-
ning of March, (which is the earlieft) and continue
flowering till May, or the middle of May ; and the
double kinds begin to flower prefently after the An-
gle kinds are part.

VIII. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the
third degree. They cut, incide, attenuate, attraCt
and inflame; are dedicated to the Head, Womb and
Joynts, and Alteratives only in their Operations

IX. The specification. They are peculiar again!!
cold and moift Diftempers of the Head, Brain and
Womb, and to cleanfe old Ul cers.

X. The P reparations. Tho’ the Shops keep no-
thing of this Plant, yet you may prepare therefrom,.
I. A Juice. 1. An Effence. a. A Decd/ion. 4.
A Gargarifm. 5. A Saline TinBure. 6. An Oily
TinBure. 7. An Ointment. 8. A Cataplafm. 9.
A Mafticatory. id. A Pejfary.

The Virtues.

XI. The Juice. It is a lingular good Errhine,
for by fnuffing it up the Noftrils morning and even-
ing, it Purges the Head and Brain of cold, thick and
tough flegmatick Humors, whereby it prevails a-
gainft Apoplexies, Epilepfies, Cams, Lethargies,
Vertigo’s, Megrims and cold Head-aches, proceed-
ing from a cold Caute.

XII. The Effence. It has the fame Virtues ufed
as an Errhine; but is moft commonly given inwardly,
from ij. drams to half an ounce,mixed with a draught
of Mead, Wine, or fome proper Water, to open
ObftruQions of the Womb, and ro bring down ef-
feftually the Terms in Women, as alfo to haften
the Birth, and bring away the After-birth.

XIII. The DecoBion. It is not fo hot as the for-
mer, and therefore not fo ftrong, but yet is effectual
for the fame things the Effence is, but may be given
in a larger Dofe, as from ij. ounces to iij. fweetned
with white Sugar.

XIV. The Gargarifm. It is made of the Juice or
Effence, mixt with an equal quantity of the Deeo-
ftion, to 8. ounces of which you may add iij. drams
of pure Nitre, diflolving it therein. Ufed as a Gar-
gle, it powerfully attrafts cold and moift Humors
out of the Head and Brain, and Parts adjacent, and
fo is good in the Cure of thofe Difeafes, the Juice
is laid to be good againft.

XV. The Saline TinUure. It more powerfully
opens the Womb than the Effence does, and is ufed
in inveterate Obitaaions thereof when the Effence
is not found powerful enough. It alfo opens Ob-
ftruaions of the Reins and Bladder, provokes Urin,
and expels Sand and TartarousMatttet. Dofe from
j. dram to ij. in fome fit Vehicle.

XVI. The Oily TinBure. Tho’ this may be ufed
inwardly, yet its chief Ufe is for External Applica-
tions againft Weaknefs and cold Afteftions of the
Nerves, Tendons, Ligaments and Joynts; againft
all forts of Aches and Pains proceeding from Cold,
or an Afflux of cold Humors, as alio againft Num-
ednefs, Tremblings, Cramps, Convulfions, Paliies,
and the like Difafleftions of the Nerves.

XVII. The Ointment. It has the Virtues of the
Oily Tufelure, but not fo powerful,'' but is better for
cleanfing old running Sores, fetid Ulcers, malign
and rebellious Fiftula’s, and taking away Scabs, Itch,
Scurff, Morphew, and other like Defilements of the
Skin,

XVIII. The

22 Salmon j* Herbal. Lib. I.

' \ HI. 'I he Cataplafm. It has the Virtues of the
Ointment, opens the Pores of the Skin more, and
prcv, ii!s aga i nft Scabs, Scurff, Morphe w, Leprofie,^ c.

XiX'. The ? Alafticatory. It has all the Virtues of
the Gatgarifm, but is better to be ufed by fuch as
cannot away with the other. It’s made of the Root.

XX. The Pefjary. It is made either of the Root
or Juice, with Wax and Barley-flower, and is put
up into the Womb, to bring down the Courfes.

CHAP. XV.

Of Garden ANGELICA.

I.' E Names. It is called in Greek ,

X (and yet fome Authors fay it was unknown to
the Greeks , unlefs by fome other Name) in Latin An-
gelica • and fo alfo in Englifh : and by this Name it
is called in almoft all European Nations, fo far as
their Dialed! will admit : Cordus will have it to be
Panax Heracleum , but this I much queftiQn ^ yet
according to its Virtues, it may very well be account-
ed among the number of the All-heals : but its con-
denfed Juice is no Opopanax. Others, as Dodonceus
and Lacuna , will have it to be a kind of Laferpiti-
um , or Laferwort, but of that fee lib. 3. cap. 115.
and 1 1 5. of this prefent Work. .

II. The Kinds. There are four feveral kinds of
Angelica ; as, 1 . The Garden Angelica. 2. The
Wild. 3. The Water Angelica. 4. The Mountain
kind of which laft we (hall fay nothing in this
Book.

III. The Defcription. Our Garden Angelica has
a Root , which is great and large, fomething pulpy be-
fore flowering-, but after flowering it becomes woody,
extending it fclf into many and long Arms or
Branches , which perijh after Seed-time ; but if the
Plant, by being often cut down, is kept from feeding,
t he Root will then endure many years together : this
Root, if cut or bruifed, fnells jlrong, and dif charges

out of it fclf an Oily, or rather Gum my, Liquor, which
being inf pi fated Helds no unpleafant Gum, and not
much unlike to Opc panax, but yet it is not the fame
thing. Prom this Root fprings forth divers large and
fair fpread winged Leaves, half a yard long, and.
fometmes longer, made of many great and broad ones ,
fet ufually one againft another on a middle Rib, of a
pale, but frefh green colour, and dented about the
edges •, from among which ufually arifes one round
hollow Stalk, very thick, and four or five feet high
with divers great Joynts, and Leaves fet on them
whofe foot-Jlalks do encompafs the main Stalk at their
bottoms -, and from thence alfo, towards the top, comes
forth Branches, with the like, but le/fer Leaves at
them -, and at their tops, there comes forth large
round fpread Umhlcs of white flowers, after which
comes the Seed, which is fomewhat flat, thick, Jhort
and of a whitifh brown colour -, two always fet toge-
ther, (as is ufual in thefe Umbelliferous Plants)
which is a little crcfed on the round fide.

IV. The Places. It is found in great plenty in
Norway and Jfland, where it grows very high, and
whole Inhabitants it is faid do eat it, for want ma-
ny times of. other Food, peeling of!' the Bark: It is
alfo faid to grow upon the Rocks, not far from Ber-
wick : But with us, it grows only in Gardens, being
iirft brought hither from beyond Sea.

V. The Times. It flowers in July and Auguff,
and the Seed is ripe not long after: if this Seed is
luffered to fall of its own accord, it will more cer-
tainly grow, than that which is gathered and fovvn
by hand, at any other time.

VI. The Vitalities. It is hot and dry in. the lecond
degree ^ but Schroder faith in the third degree,- which
I believe not. It opens, incides, attenuates or makes
thin, Digefts, Difcuffes, and is Sudorifick. As to
its appropriation, it isCephalick, Neurotick Car-
diack and Hyllerick. It is Bezoardick or Alexipliar-
mick, Vulnerary, and the molt famous of all Vege-
table Alteratives.

VII. The Specification. It is a peculiar Antidote
againlf the Plague or Peftilence, and all malign, in-
fectious and peftilential Difeafes: it is alfoan’An-
tidote againft the Poyfon of Mad Dogs, the biting
of Vipers, Rattle-fnakes, and other Serpents, or o-
ther Venomous Creatures, and, as an All-heal Cures
Wounds by the firft Intention : and is lingular againft
the Scurvy in a cold Coriftiturion.

VIII. The Preparations. The Shops fometimes

keep hereof, 1. The dry ed Root. 1. The Seed. 3.

A Tift Hied Water from the whole Plant. 4. A Juice
from the frefh Root and Herb. 7. An ExtraJwlth
Spirit of Wine. 6. The Root Candy0 d. 7. A Lift fi-
led Oil which attends- with the Water. 8. A Bal-
fam made with the faid Oil, and -Oil of Nutmegs.

9. A Common Salt. Befides all thefe things, you
may make therefrom, 10. A Syrup, n. A Deco-

ttion. 12. A Wine. 13. A Spirit. 14. A Spiri-

tuous Tin Jure. 1?. A Saline Tin Jure. 16. An
Oily Tin Jure. 1 7. The Powers. 1 8. An Ejfence.
Ip. A Balfam for W ounds. 20. AnOintment. 21.

A Cataplafn). 22. A Cerote or Emplafter. 23. A
Gargarifm. 24. An Errhine. The virtues and ufes
of all which follows.

The Virtues.

IX. The dryed Root. Ufed as a Mafticatory, it
attrads cold and moift humors out of the Head and
Brain, and gives eafe in the Tooth-Ach : the Pouder
thereof taken to j. dram, is good againft the bitings
of Mad Dogs, Vipers, and other kinds of venomous
Creatures, and alfo prevails againft the Pleurifie,
Plague, and all other kinds of infectious Difeafes.’
Take of this Pouder j. dram, Mitfrridate a dram and

. w>

Chap; 15. TMghjh 'Herbs. 2]

hd/f, mix for a Wfe ; to be given in the aforefaid
Cafes.

X. The Seed. The Seed has the fame Virtues,
but not all out fo powerful : the Pouder thereof may
be given to j. dram or j. dram and half to Sweat up-
,on : it defends the Heart, Spirits and Blood againft
Poyl'on, and is a good prefervative againit Peftilen-
tial Infection.

XL Hr Diftilled Water from the vib. ole Plant. It
is Bezoartick and Alexipharmick, good againft Sick-
nefs at Heart, which it many times eafes upon the
fpot; but is moftly ufed as a Vehicle to convey o-
ther preparations of this Plant, and others of like
Virtues in.

XII. The infpijfate juice of the Root , end alfo of
the Herb.’ It warms, comforts and reftores, incides
and attenuates thick humors, refills Poyfon, and is
good againft rhe Plague, or malignity of any other
Hpidemick and infefliousDifeafe: Ir Cures alfo the
bitings of Mad Dogs, Serpents, LTV. and is Pecto-
ral, good againft Wind in the Bowels, Coughs, Hoarf-
nefs, Phthificks, Afthmas, Ihortnels of Breath, Pe-
ripmeumonies, and indeed all Difeales of the Breft
and Lungs : outwardly applied, it warms, dlfcuffes,
and refolves hard Tumors and therefore is good in
an Oedema and other like fwellings of the Joynts.
Dofe inwardly is, from j. dram to ij. drams or more,
dilfolved in Wine and drunk.

XIII. The Extrail with Spirit ofWine. It is made
of the Caput Mart, of the Herb and Plant after Di-
ftillation, Ilf c. given from j. dram to ij. drams in
Sack, it provokes Sweat powerfully, and is an Anti-
dote againft the Plague or Peftilence, Mealies, Small-
Pox, Spotted-Fever, Poyfon inwardly taken, or out-
wardly given by the biting of any Venomous. Crea-
ture. It Cures Agues if given to Sweat upon.

XIV. The Candied Root. It is a pleafant thing,
and being often eaten is good againft Coughs, Hoarf-
nefs; and ftrengthens, heals and comforts a cold
and weak Stomach.

XV. The Di filled Oil which afeends with the Wa-
ter. It is very powerful againft the Pleurifie, Ob-
ftruffions and Wind in the Bowels, the Colick and
Gripings of the Guts, Poyfon of all Kinds, and the
Infe&ion of the Plague or Peftilence: It is alfo good
againft moll Difeafes of the Breft and Lungs, and
has all the Virtues ofthelnfpillatejuice of the Root,
but this is more excellent, fubtil, penetrating and
effeftual : It opens all Obllruflions of the Urinary
Palfages, provokes Urine and the Courfes, and ex-
pels both Birth and After-birth. Dofe from iij. drops
to 10, firft dropt into Sugar, and mixt well there-
with, and then mixt with a Glafs ofWine.

XVI. The Balfam with Oil of Nutmegs. Take
Oil of Nutmegs or Mace made by exprejjion j. ounce .-
Balfam of Pent , ij. drams : Oil of Angelica j. dram
and half, mix them. It eafes all pains of the Head,
as Head-Achs, Megrims, Iff c. proceeding from a cold
caufe, being anointed thereon.. Inwardly takeh to
j. Scruple, in a Bolus of Mithridate, or in any pro-
per liquid Vehicle, it has all the Virtues of the Oil
aforegoing : befides which, being put into an hollow
Tooth, it eales the pains thereof

XVII. The fixed Salt of the whole Plant. It is a
fingular thing againft the Pleurifie, Peripneumony,
Plague, or any Peftilential Difeafe, the Colick, Stran-
gury, and ftoppage of Urine-, for it abforbs the acid
and acrimonious or malign humors, which is the
caufe of thofe dilaffeUions -, it loofens the Blood,
and caufes a prefent and fpeedy Circulation, and
withall it opens all Obfttublions of the Lungs, and
caufes a free breathing. Dofe from j. Scruple to j.
Dram, in the Diftilled Water, or in Wine, or other

er Vehicle.

VIII. The Syrup. It is Peftoral, good againft

Coughs, and all forts of inward Obltmibions of the
Vifcera , chiefly of the Lungs, but is ufed moftly as
a Vehicle to convey other Medicines in. Dofe from
j. Ounce to ij. Ounces.

XIX. The Decotlion. Taken from i iij. Ounces to
viij. Ounces, iris good againft inward bruifes, and
to diffolve congealed Blood ; ftrengthens the Stomach,
and is eft'eftual againft the Suffocation of the Mother.
It makes an excellent Wound-drink, for fuch as have
Gunfhot or Contufed Wounds,- old Sores, running
Ulcers, foetid and callous Fiftula’s, difpofing them
to a fpeedy healing.

XX. T be Wine. It is to be made of the roots
and ftalks, (as is alfo the Decoflion) and has all the
Virtues of the Decoction, fave that this is much more
powerful to all the faid Intentions. Dofe from iij.
to vj. Ounces twice or thrice a day.

XXI. The Spirit. It is either Simple or Compound.
The Simple is a moll famous Cordial, fcarcely infe-
rior to any other Vegetable Cordial in the World :
it removes Sicknefs at Heart and Stomach, prevails
againft Fainting, Swoonings and Convulfions, whe-
ther in Old or Young, warms and comforts a cold
and weak Stomach, and as much as may be, reftores
old Age. I cannot fpeak enough in the praife of it !
It refills Poyfon, whether inward or outward, and
the Contagion of a Peftilential Air. Dofe from j.
dram to half an ounce, well dulcified with trebble
refined Sugar, and then it may either be taken alone,
or in a Glafs of Wine. The Compound Spirit you
may have its Compofition, Preparation and Virtues,
in Our Pharmacopeia Londmenfis, Lib. 4. Cap. 1.
Sell. y. to which you are referred.

XXII. The Spirituous Tintlure. It is a great
Cordial Reftorative, and an excellent thing for fuch
as ate wounded, and have old running Sotes or Fi-
ttula’s about them, which have been of long Hand-
ing, and not eafily cuted : for it alters and changes
the diferafy of the Blood, and makes it more Bal-
famick, as alfo the other Juices, andfo contributes
to healing ; befides it has all the Virtues of the Spi-
rit, and indeed much mote powerful. It may be
taken morning, noon and night, for fome coniide-
rable time, from ij. drams to half an ounce, in fome
proper Vehiculum.

XXIII. The Saline TinUure. It is a good Vul-
nerary, and carries off much of the Morbifick Farcu-
lencies and Defilement by Urine ; opens Obltrufti-
ons of all the Vifcera , takes away Heat, Burnings,
is good againft the Strangury, ftoppage of Urine,
and other Difeafes of the Reins and Bladder -. It is
good againft Ihortnefs of Breath, and difficulty of
Breathing, becaufe it diffolves the Tartarous Muci-
lage of the Lungs, life. Dofe from j. dram to iij.
drams in the Diftilled Water, or in Mead or
White Wine.

XXIV. The Oily Tinthtrc. It is good to anoint
with in the Gout and Sciatica, and all Pains and
Aches of the Nerves, Tendons and Joynts, proceed-
ing from a cold Caufe. ’Tis excellent againft Con-
vulfions, Cramps, Numeinefs, Lamenefs and Pal-
fies, and the Scurvy in a cold Conftitution. You
may anoint with it outwardly twice a day, and take
it inwardly as often, from iv. drops to xvj. or xx.
in any proper Liquor.

XXV. The Poteflates or Powers. They have all
the Virtues of the Oil and Spirit, to which you are
referred : . ’tis true they are not altogether fo ftrong
as the Oil, but they are more fubtil and penenat-
ing, and more pleafint to be taken. Dofe is from
j. dram to iij. or iv. in the Diftilled Water or Syrup,
or in a glafs of Wine, thrice a day.

XXVI. The EJfence. This is the moll neceffary and
ufeful of all the Preparations made of Angelica , and
is made of the Juice of the whole Plant. It is good

againft

2 4

Salmon V Herbal. Lib. I.

the Plague, and all Huts of malign infecti-
ons and Peftikutiai fevers : J r refills Poyfons of all
Idris, as ilie bi tings of Mad Dogs, Vipers, Rattle
Snakes, or any other Venomous Creature. It de-
iends the Vital and Animal Spirits, and is a great
prelervative againlt all kinds of Peftilential Infecti-
on. It gives tale in all Pains and Torments coming
of Cold, and is a molt admirable thing againlt
Peripneamoines 'or Incarnations of the Lungs and
Pleurifies. It is a great PeCtoral, opening all ob-
ItruCtions of the Breft and Lungs , and thereby
gives relief in vehement and old Coughs, Hoarf-
nefs, A China's or difficulty of breathing, Ihortnefs
of Breath, and Phthificks. It gives prefent eafe in
tiie Colick, Provokes the Terms, battens and faci-
litates the Birth, and brings away the After-birth
rind dead Child. It opens all obftruCtions of the
Liver, Spleen, Gall, Bowels, and Mefentery, dif-
cufles inward Tumors, and Cures Agues, if given
feveral times, fo as to fweat well upon it. And as
it mightily ltrengthens and fortifies the Stomach, fo
it is one of the belt things againlt aSufeit in the
World, a Vomit or Evict ick being given before
hand. Dropt into the Eyes it clears them from
Clouds, Films, Specks, Pearls, Etc. and ltrengthens
the Sight. Dropt into the Ears, it helps their pain
and deafiiefs, noife and tinging in them. It heals
inward Bruifes, diffolves congealed Blood, and is
one of the belt remedies againlt a Cold Scurvey.
Lafily, It is a molt lingular Vulnerary, not inferior
to any of the All-heals, Confounds , or Wound Herbs:
and being given inwardly dietetically it is inferior
to no kind of Wound-drink whatfoever, for after
an admirable manner, it difpofes all Wounds, of
what kind fo ever , ( if curable, ) as alfo running
Sores, old Ulcers, and Filtula’s, to a very fpeedy
healing. Dole from j. ounce to iij. or iv. ounces,
two or three times a day, according as you fee the
occafion requires.

XXVII. 'The Bdlfam for Wounds. Tike of the
Juice of llje Root and Stalks infpijjated to the thick-
nefs of neve Honey vj. ounces , Gum E/e mi iij. ounce sy
Bdlfam Capivij, Balfam of Peru , of each ij. ounces ,
Cliio Turpentine j. ounce , mix and melt together ,
and fir them till they are nearly cold. Or take Oil
Olive a Found and a half of the Roots Stalks and
Leaves well Bruifed together , iv. handfuls , boil till
they are Crifp, and prefs out the Oil-, this work re-
peal three times , with the fame quantity of Bruifed
Roots, &c. Laltly, Prefs forth the Oil: then to e-
very Vi. ounces of this Oil, add Gum Elemi iij.
ounces: Bat fun Capivij, and Peru, Erankincenfe,
of each ii. ounces: Chio Turpentine j. ounce , mix
them well. Thefe Balfams whether the firlt, or
lecond, cure all fimple Wounds by the firlt Intenti-
on : Cleanfe running Sores, old Ulcers, and Filtu-
la’s, of all their filth, then Incarnate, and in a ve-
fhort time heal them , almoft to a wonder. Ap-
ply’d alfo, they give eafe in the Gout. And in Ul-
cers, where the Bone is bare, the Pouder flrewed
on, and the Balfam apply ’d over that, covers the
Bone with Flefh, and heals it up.

XXVIII. The Ointment. It has the Virtues of the
Balfam, but not altogether fo powerful: yet a
lingular Vulnerary, heals Wounds and Ulcers, and
eales pains in any part being anointed thereon.

XXIX. The Catap/afm. It is made of the Roots
and Stalks Hired fmall and beaten to a Pulp, mixt
wk\l Hogs Lard, and Crums of Wheaten Bread, till
it is of a Confiftencie. It is good againlt the Gout
Sciatica, or any External pain from a Cold Caufe :

id is of lingular life being prefently apply’dto the
. : :ig f Mad Dogs, Serpents, Efc. to dram forth
m : apply ed to the Region of the Spleen,
f- Caics die pain thereof

XXX. The Cerote or Emphfter. The Pouder of
the Root is made into a Plaifter, with the Juyce of
the Roots Inlpilfated to thicknefs of Honey, and
Pitch added to it, with fufficient Quantity of Bees
Wax. It draws ftrongly, and therefore is good to'
be apply’dto the bitings of Mad Dogs, Vipers, Efc.
as alio to the Sciatica, and the Gout whether in
Hands or Feet.

r/r^XL The Gargarifm. It is made of the
FHence and Decoftion mixed in equal Quantities
with a third part of Vinegar. It heals Ulcers and
Sores in the Mouth, and uttrafts cold Humors and
Rheums, from the Head and Brain • it may be ufed
morning and evening.

XXXII. The Errhine. It is made of the frefh
Juyce drawn out of the Root and Stalks, in vj.
ounces of which iij. drams of Sal Nitre in fine
Pouder is diflolved. Being drawn up the Noltrils
evening and morning, it admirably purges the Head
and Brain of Cold, thick Flegm, and other Humors,
which are the foundations and Caufes of many per-
nicious Difeafes.

chap. XVI.

Of Wild ANGELICA.

I. ypfC Names. It is called in the Creek,
J. ’A yyc\ix,tj ay? 1* : in Latin, Angelica Syl-
veflris: and in Englifh, Wild Angelica.

If. The Kind. It is the lecond Species of An-
gihca before enumerated in chap. i$.fefi. 2. aforego-
ing : and of this there is a greater and leffer fort.

Wild

Jlnfcfiec ct

III. The Defcription. The greater fort. The
Root of this is nothing fo great as the former, nei-
ther are the f rings fo great or long , but it is of a
blacker Color on the out fide, of a pretty fir ongf cent
But nothing near fo Aromatick, as the Garden
kindy From this Root rifes up large fpread Leaves on
the Ground, having f mailer Stalks , and leffer Divi -

J. Ions

Chap, 17.

HD

VSi

ftons by much, of a dark green Color , and not fuel-
ling half fo ft rang as the Garden kind, yet J. melting
fo much like Angelica, that by the fmell , one may
eaftly fee and know, it , to be of the Kinds of Angeli-
ca, tho ’ Wild: The Stalks are much {tenderer and
J mailer , yet growing three or four foot high , with

f mailer Joynts and leffer Leaves thereat ; at the
tops grow Urnbles of flowers, but leffer alfo , and
white, like the Garden kind, which turn into fmaller
Seed, and of a darker Color on the out-fide.

IV. The fmaller fort, has a great thick Root, from
whence rifes up Leaves not much differing from the
ether, but only in being fmaller and not fo much
divided-, from tithence arifes one ermore Stalks , low-

er than the former alfo, at the Joynts of which come
Jorih Leaves hot much unlike the Garden Angelica
except in We Magnitude , the Stalks alfo being red ’
difh : at the top of theje Stalks gross Urnbles of
white Flowers, yet leffer than the other , after
which comes the Seed , which is thicker than the
former, and fomelhing longer.

V. The Places. Thefe grow Wild inmany places
ol this Kingdom, in Eftex, Kent, and Middlefex
particularly at Ke miff-town near London, and iri
other places.

VI 1 he Times. The Roots are in their Prime
in February, March, and April ; they Flower in July
and Auguft, and their Seed is ripe foon after.

VII. The Qualities, They are hotand dry in the
fecond Degree. Arcopening, inciding, attenuating,
digeftive, difeuflive and fudorifick, and are appro-
priated to the Head, Stomach, Heart, Womb and
Joynts: they are alfo Alexipharmick, Alterative and
Vulnerary.

VIII. The Specification. They are peculiar An-
tidotes again# Plague and Poyfon , Specificks
again!! the Gout, and lingular l found Herbs.

IX. ’Tile Preparations. The Shops keep nothing

of them • hut you may Prepare therefrom. 1 A
liquid Juice. 2. An lnfpijfale Juice from the Root.
3. An Ejjence . 4. A Wine. 5. A Gargarifm.

6. An Errhine. 7. A DecoSion. 8. A Spirituous
TinUure. 9. A Saline Tintfure. to. An Oily
TinSure. n. ACataplafm. 12. A half am. 13.
An Ointment. 14. A Cerote or Empiafter.

The Virtues.

X. As to the Virtues of thele Wild Angelica's.
they are exaHly the fame with the Garden Kind'
which we have largely delivered before, and we
were the more willing to he explicite in the Garden
kind, there, becaufe we intended to fay nothing of
tjjejittues here: For every Preparation of the
Wild kinds has the fame Intentions and Ufes with
thole of the Garden, and therefore to them you
are referred: Yet here is one thing to be taken no-
tice of, viz. That tho the Virtues of both Garden
and Wild kinds are one and the fame, yet the
Garden kind much exceeds the Wild in’ Strength
and Vertue, and therefore is rather to be chofen
(where it may be>before them. Thele are dryer than
the Garden kind, and ought to be put into all Diet
Drinks for Wounded Perfons.

CHAP. XVII.

Of Water ANGELICA.

I 'He Names. It is called in Greek, 'Ayytn/ul
X in Latin, Angelica Aquatica, Arch

angelica: And tn Englijh, Water Angelica.

II. The Kinds. It is the third Species of Ange-
lica aforementioned, in chap. 15. fell. 2. above
of which there is known to us, this lingular kind
only AW it is by feme called Wild Angelica,®W
the Name upon the Cut, which is the firjl Cut in the
former Chapter , and was placed there by a mi flake

and Anfwers only to the following Defcription.

III. The Defcription. The Root of this Riant is
great according to its kind and magnitude, thick and
White, with fome firings hanging to it, and endures
many years without perijhing : from whence arifes
Leaves like unto the Garden Angelica, more in
number, and fmaller divided, which are fet upon a
■great Stalk graft and thick, which is much taller andt

® greater

2 6 Salmon j

greater than the Garden kind, and fomewhat Redijh
at the Joynts , from whence the . Leaves by a targe
Loot-Stalk rife , txthofe lower part feems to enclofe
the whole Joynt , and to be of a redijh Color alfo
the Leaves are of as deep a green Color as thoje of
the Garden fort : from this Stalk alfo rifes up feve-
ral long Branches , coming forth of an Husk or Cafe ,
not much unlike the common Garden Barf nip •, at the
top of which Branches come forth Tufts or Umbles of
white Flowers , very like to thofe of the Garden kind:
After the Flowers come the Seed , broader , longer ,
thicker , and of a much darker Color than the Garden
Angelica : and the fmell of the Plan\ is much like
the fame.

IV. The Places. It grows naturally in England, *
in moift and watery Ditches and Places, from whence
it took its Name ^ and in particular in the Marfli-
Ditches by Re dr iff.

V. The Times. It Flowers alfo in July and Ali-
gn ft, and its Seed is ripe not long after: but its
Root is in its prime in March and April.

VI. The Vitalities. It is hot and dry in the
fecond Degree: is Inciding , Attenuating, Aperi-
tive, Digeftive, Difcuffive, Attractive and A biter-
five : it is Cephalick, Stomatick, Cardiack, Uterine
and Vulnerary.

VII. The Specif cation. It is a thing peculiar

againft the Scurvy in a cold habit of Body, and one
of the greateft Vulneraries among Vegetables.

VIII. The Preparations. The Shops keep no-
thing hereof, yet you may make .therefrom, i. An
Effence. 2. A Liquid Juyce. 5. A Decoction in
Wine and Water. 4. A Saline Ti n Jure. 5. A
Diet Drink. 6. A Cataplafm. 7. ABalfim. 8.
A Cerote or Emplajier.

Tie Virtues.

IX. The Effence. Setting Scurvy -Grafs afide, I
can fpeak by lingular Experience, that I know no-
thing among Vegetables fo effectual for the curing
of the Scurvey in a cold habit of Body: and as
a Vulnerary , I have ufed it I believe above an Hun-

Herbal. Lib. L

dred times, with I'uch a fucceis as is admirable.
Again in Difeafes of the Womb, I know this to
be more prevalent than the Garden , in cleanfing it,
inrepreffing the Vapors, and helping fits of the
Mother. 1 remember 1 once gave this to a Woman,
who had a kind of a ftoney hardnefs in the Womb,
With a 1 umor as big as a fmall Oftrtches Egg, which
almoft continually bled, with very great pain, bat
not continual: This fome Phyficians and Chirurgians
determined to be a Cancer of 'the Womb, and fo un-
curable: it was dubious what to fay, and the
Diieale feerned difficult to cure, if at all Curable:
however I advifed her to the Plentiful ule of it tor
fome time: She took iv. ounces of it, morning,
neon and night, ancj continued it for fix Weeks’
at the end of which time file- became perftftly well’
and by the ufe thereof; (he voided great quantities
of hard clotted Blood

X. T be Liquid Juice. Either alone, or with a
little Nitre ditTolved in it, it is an excellent Errhine
to be fnuft't Blood-warm up the Noftrills, till it
comes out of the Mouth : it purges the Head and
Brain of much cold, flegmatick Humors, taking a-
way fleepinefs and heavinels of the head.

XI. The DecrUton in Wine uni Water. It is an
excellent Hyfterick and Vulnerary, and may be of
good ufe to fitch, who cannot be obliged to take either
the Juyce or Effence. Dofeviij. ounces twice a day.

XII. The Saline Tinlhtre. It is an excellent
thing in a Scorbute, where the whole Mafs of Blood
is tainted, and the Patient breaks forth into Botches
Boyls, Scabs, Leprofy, ©V. depurates the Humors’
and carries off their Faculencies effectually by Urine!
Dofe from j. dram to ij.

XIII. The Diet Dunk. Tho this is chiefly in-
tended for Wounded People, and fuch as have in-
veterate and running Sores, Ulcers, and Filtula’s -
yet ir is of as great fervice lor fuch as are afflifted
with the Scurvy, have an obftruffion, pain or tu-
mor of tlie Spleen, or any grand dHafte&ion of the
Womb. It is drunk daily Spring and Fall as ordi-
nary Drink : and at any other ieafons when necef-
fity requires it. It is alfo found by experience to be
good againft Hypochondriack Melancholy.

XIV. The Cafaplafm. It is ufed againft a cold
Gout, to difeufs tumors, eafe pains, and abfterge
filthy running Sores and Ulcers.

XV. The Ba/fam. It cures fimple Wounds
(which are without fra&ure of the Bone or Con!
tufion) by the firft intention : It alfo cleanfes foul
Ulcers, incarnates and heals them.

XVI. The Cerote or Emp/ajier. It has an at-
traftive force, incarnates and heals ; eafes pain, and
■ftrengthens the part it is applyedto.

CHAP. XVIII.

Of A N I S E.

I- hT'HE Names. It is called in Greek ’AuVsrJ
X In Latin, Anifum-. And in Engcljh, Anife.
I am apt to believe ir is called ’A vim quia habet folia
incequalia , vel quia eft fine ctqitali , there being
no Plant equal to it in goodnefs. It is alfo called
in Greet, ‘A/narm, Anicetum , quaft , invittum , be-
caufe it leems to be invincible , or not to be truer,
come , which, I fuppofe, is in reipeft to its extraor-
dinary Tafte and Smell, which overcomes the Tafte
and Smells of all other Vegetables in the World.

II. The Kinds. It is two-fold, i. The Common
of which we tall Treat ia this Chapter. 2. the

Starry

Chap. 18. Unglifl) Herbs .

Starry Headed of Chijius growing in China, and other
parts of the Eaft-Indies, of which we have nothing
to fay in this Work.

III. The Defcription. It has a, fnall long Root ,
with fame few firings, which Perijhes every Tear,
from which rifes up a Stalk round and hollow, about
two or three feet high, (feldom higher, for it is a
/lender Plant ) which is divided into divers ftnall
Branches, fet with Leaves next the Ground, fome-
what broad and dented in about the edges-, but
thofe which grow higher are more jagged, much like
to thofe of young Par/ley, but Whiter : the higher
Leaves are alfo leffer than the lower, of a whtrijh
green color, and of a good fweet Tafie and Smell : the
higher the Stalk the rounder it is ; and fpreads not
into Branches, faving near the top, where it thrufis
it fe/f forth into feveral fpokie rundles or tuffts 5 on
the top of which, Umbles of white flowers do fiand,
which afterwards dp give ftnall roundifh long Seed, of a
vibitijh grey colour , and very fweet, and of aquickfyet
pleafant Tafie and Smell, and more in Quantity than
any other Umbelliferous Plant whatfoever.

IV. The Places. It grows plentifully in Egypt, Sy-
ria, Candia, and other Eaftem Countries : It grows
alfo in England in the Gardens of Herbalifts, where
it has well enough thriven, and brought forth Seed
perfectly ripe and good.

V. The Times. It is Sown with us in England in
May, and the Seed is Ripe in Auguft. But you may
Sow Antfeeds here, in England, in February, when
the Moon is at Full, or any time between the full
and the Change : If by reafon of Froft, you cannot
take the full Moon, you mult take the next oppor-
tunity, and call them into the Ground, raking them
well in ; after which, ftrew frefh or new Horfe-
Dung, thinly Upon the Ground, to defend them
from the Froft, fo will thefe feed and be ripe about
Bartholomew-tide : Then Sow again in the full Moon
in May -, thefe, if the Weather is kind, may be ripe
fooner than the former. Anifeed will alfo come
well up, if they be Self-fown, only the Ground is
to be broken up near to and about them, when they
begin to ripen. The time of their Flowering does
continue four or five Months, fo that, at one time,

you may find the Plant in full Flower, and the Seed
near to its full Growth, as you often fee in fennel,
Till, 8tc. That Ground which you would Sow in
February, you ought to break up about Michaelmas,
and to let it lye and Crumble all Winter, and when
yon intend to Sow it, you muft ltir it up again,
that it may be mellow ; for the mellower, the bet-
ter ; and a black, rich, mellow Mould is the heft,
for they delight in a well dung’d rich Soil.

VI. The Qualities. It is Hot in the fecond De-
gree, and Dry in the firft : The Seeds are Opening,
Inriding, Attenuating, Digeftive, Difcufiive, Carmi-
native and Anodine ; and by Appropriation,' they
are Cephalick, Stomatick, Perioral, Hyfterick, Ne-
phritick, and Arthritick : They are alfo Lariogene-
tick, Spermatogenetick, and Alterative.

VII. The Specification. They have a peculiar pro-
perty againft Coughs, Sfaortnels of Breath, Difficul-
ty of Breathing, and the Colick.

VIII. The Preparations. The Shops keep, T. The
Seed. 2. Anifeed Comfits. 5. Anifeed Comfits Laxa-
tive. 4. A Difiilled Water. 5. Annifeed Water,
made with Aqua Vita. 6. A Chymical Oil. 7. A fixt
Salt of the Plant by Incineration. To the former
things you may add thefe following. 8. The Green
Herb. 9. The EJfence. 10. The Polejfates or Powers.
II .A Spirituous Lin'd urc. 12. A Saline Tintlure.
13. An Oily Tindure. 14. ADecoBion. 15. ABal-
fam. 16. A Cataplafm. 17. An Extract. 10. A
Spirit.

The Virtues.

IX. The Seed. Schroder fays, it is milder when
green. Attenuates, Difculles, provokes Urine, breeds
Milk, is Perioral, and good for the Stomach, and
to open Obftruriions in the Lungs ; it is given in
Pouder to fuch as have their Bellies fwoln up with
Wind : A fcruple given to a Child, Purges and Vo-
mits gently, and carrys off thofe green Excrements,
which in thofe little ones caufe Gripings, vehement
Pain, ficknefs at Stomach, and fometimes" Convul-
fions : It -is a Specifick alfo in curing a ftubborn
Hiccough.

X. Anifeed Comfits. They are good againft
Coughs, open the Lungs, expel Wind, and give
eafe in the Colick.

XI. Anifeed Comfits Lavative. They are made
by a Maceration of the Seed in Water, in which
Scammony has been Diffolved ; or by mixing the
Pouder of Scammony with the firft Coverings of
Sugar ; or by Macerating them in an Infiifion of
Vitrum Antimonij. The former Purge gently, with-
out any Pain, Griping or making Sick ; the laft
both Purge and Vomit ; but they all carry off Sharp,
Corroding, Slimy, Flegmatick, and Tartarous Hu-
mors, help Digeftion, empty the Lungs of the mat-
ter Obftruriing them, and Cure the Colick. Dofe
from half a dram to ij. drams.

XII. The Difiilled Water of the whole Plant, or
of the Seed. It is a good Vehicle to convey other
Medicines in ; befides which ir expels Wind, is
good for Sore Eyes, and encreafes Milk in Nurfes.
Dofe from ij. to iiij. Ounces.

XIII. Anifeed Water Difiilled of from AquaVitec,
or Spirit of Wine. It comforts the Stomach, opens
the Lungs, helps Obftruriions of the Liver, expels
Wind, caufes Digeftion, and prevails againft the Co-
lick. Dofe ij. Drams to half an Ounce, now and
then upon occalton.

XIV. The Chymical Oil. It is an admirable Pe-
rioral, Curing moil Difeafes of the Brell and
Lungs, as Coughs, Colds, Afthma’s, Kawnefs, Win-
dinefs of the Stomach, Plnhifick, Colick, and indeed
all Difeafes proceeding from Cold, and Wind ; it

E 2 provokes

Salmons Herbal Lib, I.

provokes Luft, and is often given with good Sue
eels in Fits of the Mother, in Epilepfies, Apo-
plexies, Vertigo’s, Megrims, Head-aches, Lethargies,
<■ arus, and other Dileafes proceeding from Cold
Hcgmatick Humors. Dole from iiij. Drops to x
in lome fit Vehicle or Liquor.

XV. 1 'he fix'd Salt. It is an admirable Peroral
and Nepliritick j it DiHolves Tartarous Matter in
rhe Lungs,. Reins, Ureters, Bladder, or Womb,
opens all Obftruclions of thofe Parts, provokes U-
rine, and brings away Sand, Gravel, or whatfoever
creates a Stoppage in thole Parts. Dofe j. Scruple
to half a Dram.

XV I. The Green Herb. The DecoHion in Water
and Wine, being drunk feveral times a day increafes
Milk in Nurfes ^ and Boiled in Oil of Roles, and
dropt into the Ears, takes away their Pains, and
removes thenoife in them. The planting this Herb
near Bees, is the belt means for the keeping of
Bees, and multiplying of them, as alfo for their
Breeding great ltore of Honey : For firlt it yields
an innumerable' company of Flowers, and is conti-
nually in flowering for Four and fometimes Five
Months, according as the Year is Seafonable, and
thefe Flowers yield much Sweetnels and Honey,
and carry a Scent fo plealant and grateful with
tliem, that the Bees rather chufe to feed upon it,
than upon any other Plant whatfoever ^ befides they
contain an» excellent Sweetning Ferment, by which
the Dew is converted into a more Thick and Sweet
Subliance, by many degrees- palling fimple Dew,
which contains- within, it a Saccharine Salt, which
the Bees greedily refort to, and fuck, and with it
Load themfelves : But the main excellency is the
long duration of its flowering, time, lo. that it will
afford them a lupply, the greateft part of their ga-
thering-time, whereas, the Bloffoms of Fruit-trees,
and Flowers of other Herbs, are only at a peculiar
feafon, and of linall continuance, The Green Herb
being taken, and the infide of the Hives, as alfo the
Orifices thereof being rubbed therewith, will lo much
delight the Bees, that when their Swarming time
comes, which will be Three Times a Year, if they
feed on this Herb, they will certainly enter into
them, and go no where elfe : But in cafe when they
Swarm, they Ihoulti fettle upon fome Tree, or other
Place, the fault may be helped by rubbing the in-
iide of the new Hive with Green Anife, and hold-
ing it on the Top of a Pole to the Bees ; for by
the fweet Scent or Smell of the Anife, they will be
allured, to enter thereinto,, of their own accords. ’
It is reported, that, a certain Lord of Auftria fo
thrived by this Secret, that he furnilhed many Coun-
tries with Honey and Wax, whereby he Accumu-
lated to himfelt raft Wealth, and a very great E-
ftute.

XVII. The E (fence. Whether it is prepared of
the Herb, or Green Seed, or both, has all the Vir-
tues of the Chymical Oil, but not all out fo power-
ful, lor which reafon this is to be given in a much
larger Dofe, as from j. Ounce to ij. Ounces, or more-
it powerfully opens Obftructions of Liver, Spleen’
Lungs, Reins, and Womb, and is fingular againft the
ralling-ficknefs, Convulfions, and Colick : It power-
fully provokes Lull, is good for fuch as are Impo-
tent, and makes others more Vigorous • for it migh-
tily encreafes Seed hi the Seminal Veffels, as alfo
Milk in Nurfes, and prevails againft Poifon, and the
Bitings of Mad Dogs, or other Venomous Crea-
tures.

XVIII. Tide Poteflates or Powers. This Prepara-
tion has all the Virtues both of the Oil and Eflence
and is much more pleafant to be taken, and in par-

ticular is a fingular thing againft Vapors, the rifins
of the Mother, Frenfie, Madnefs, and other like
Diltempers of the Brain ; you may give from 7.
Dram to iij. or iiij. Drams, in any convenient Ve-
hicle : It is very good againft Convulfion Fits, and
Cures (outwardly by Bathing the place with it) all
kinds of Pains, Aches, and Cramps, proceeding from
a cold Caufe : It is good alfo to Prevent and Cure
After-pains of Women in Child-bed, being inwardly-
taken, and outwardly bathed upon the Region of
the Belly, a warm Flannel dipt alfo in the fame
being laid over it.

XIX. fhe Spirituals TinUure of the Seed. It has
the Virtues of the Oil and Powers, but fcatcely fo
ftrong ; and caufes an ExpeHoration of F'legm in
fuch as have Coughs, Colds, Shortnefs of Breath,
Althma’s or Difficulty of Breathing, ; and is excel-
lent good againft the Bitings of Mad Dogs, Vipers, or
other Venomous Creatures : It prevails much alfo
againft Hypochondriack Melancholly. Dofe from
i. Dram to ij. or iij. Drams, in fome fit Vehicle.

XX. The Saline Tincture. It is a Specifiek to
diffipate both the Wind and Water in the Dropfie
Tympanites -, it increafes Milk in Nurfes, facilitates
the Birth, brings away the After-birth, and diflolves
Tartarous Matter, whether in the Lungs, Womb
Reins or Bladder, and therefore powerfully Provokes
Urine, and Expels Sand, Gravel, O V. Dofe from j.
Dram to ij. Drams, or more, according to the Age
and Necellity.

XXI. T be Oily TinOure. Altho’ it is good in

Difeafes of the Reins, Ureters, and Bladder, and
may be given inwardly, for many Difeafes of
the Liver, Spleen, and Lungs ; yet its princi-
pal ufe is in External Applications ; for being A-
nointed upon the Fait, it cures Cramps, Old Aches
and Pams, Gouts, Numednefs, Lamenefs, Trem-
blings, and Failles, proceeding from a cold Caufe
and Vifcous, Tartarous Humors-, yet in thele very
cafes it may alfo be taken inwardly from v. or vi
Drops, to x. or xij. in Wine, Or. J’

XXII. the Decoction of the Seed. It is peculiar
for breeding Milk m Nurfes-; and if made in Wine
it opens Obftru&ions of the Liver, and is very pn>
fitable in curing the Dropfie, Afcites, or Anafarca-
it ltops the Hiccough, helps Digeftion, ftirs up Lull
is good againft the Colick, Poifon, and Bitings of
all Venomous Creatures, helps a Stinking Breath,
Provokes Urine, and Expels Wind- in any part,whe-
™er Iiead- St0IMclb Spleen, Bowels, Melentery- or
Womb. Dofe from iiij. to viij. ounces, two of three
trmes a Day.

„ XXIII- rhe Saif am. It has all the Virtues of the
Oily Tincture, being outwardly Applied, and Cures
Wounds, though of the Nerves, by the firft Inten-
tion.

XXIV . The Cataphfn. If it is made of the Seed
either Green or Dry, and applied to the Eyes which
have any tiling fallen into them, it- quickly draws
it forth ; and being applied to any place Bitten with
a Mad Dog, Viper, Rattle-Snake, or Venomous Crea-
ture, it effectually draws forth the Poifon.

XXV. The Extratl. Take the Seed btuiled, up-
on which Affufe Spirit of Wine, which Digeft thtee
or four Days, then prefs forth the Liquor out of the
Seed ; put this Liquor into an Alembick or Glafs
Vefica, and Abftratt the Spirit by Diftillation till-
what remains is of the thicknefs of Honey. This
Spirit is Spirit of Anileeds. Dole from j. Dram to
ij. Drams, againft. the Falling-ficknefs.

XXVI. 'The Spirit. It has all the Virtues of Ani-
feed Water, and is not much inferior to the Powers-
Dofe fiom j. to ij. Drams, in Wine.

CHAE

Chap. ip. ‘Engltjl) Herbs *

2p

CHAP. XIX.
O/LOVE APPLES.

I. Names. It is called in Greek, as An-

; gu'tllara lays, AvicttscikIv, x) Avxomgejo v : in
Latin, V a mum Amoris , Pomum Aurcum • Malum A-
noris, Malum Aurcum ; And in Englifh, Lave Ap-
ples.

II. Tl>e Kinds. There are but two forts thereof,
viz. The Greater kind and the Lefler kind : and of
the Greater, there are alfo two forts ; but they dif-
fer in nothing but in the colour of the Fruit, the
one being of a fair Reddiffi colour , the other of a
pale Yellow.

III. The Defcription. T he Root of the Greater
Kind, which is Small and Thready, Jhoots forth into
many fmall Strings, and larger Branches, under
ground, which purifies at the firfl approach of our
Winter, from whence firings forth very long round
Stalks or Branches, fat and full of Juice , trailing
■upon the ground, not able to fuflain it fe If upright
by reafon of the weaknefs of its Stalks, and alfo of
the great weight of its Leaves and Fruit wherewith
it ts loaded. The Leaves are many , long , and wing-

ed, viz. many Leaves fet on both fldes a middle Rib
fame greater , others lefs, deeply jagged or dented a-
bottt the edges, of a grayijh, over-grown green Colour
fomewhat rough and hairy in handling : From among
thefe Leaves and Branches come forth long Stalks
with many Fellow Flowers fet thereon, itponfevera l
fiortfoot Stalks, cluttering together in Bunches, con-
fining cf Six, and fometimes of Eight fmall long yel-
low Leaves, with a kind of Prick in the middle : Af-

ter the Flowers are fallen , there comes in place the

Friut. , which is about the bignefs of a Go/den Pippin

vlifU‘,‘r pleafant, chain f red, uneven, and bun-

cbeioutm many places, ( there being fcarcely any

which arc compleatly round without thefe Bunches)

"J aJa‘G nr bright fiining pale reiiifi colour, and

Jometimes deeper ; and of the yellow kind, not muds
unlike to a pale Orange colour. The Pulp or Ale it
is very full of mijlure,fift,rndiifi or yellowijh , of
thefubjiance of a Wheaten PTum , in which the Seed
lyes, which is /mall, wbite,roundlfi, flat, andfome-

ru n“Ah’ r T}e wbole Plant h if “ rank. fnell.

IV. Ihe LeJJer Kind has a Root like the firmer
which pertfies m like manner every Tear from
whence comes long trailing Branches , befet with fucb
like Leaves as the Greater Kind, but f mailer in eve-
ry part -the Flowers alfo fund many together on d
long Stalk and yellow a* the former, but much final-

j '->Jhe frutt are alfo fmall, viz. round, yellowifhu
red Berries, not much bigger than great Grapes ■ in
which are contained white , round, flat Seed, like the
jormer, but f mailer . If you would, have them evdry
Tear , you muft new Sow them every Spring, or el fie
let them Sow themf elves, fo will they rile without
any jurther trouble.

V. The Places. They grow naturally in hot
Countries, as m Ethiopia, Barbary, JEgypr Syria
Spam, Laly, and other hot Countries : Some report
they were firft brought to us from Pent ; and I have
leen them grow in Carolina, which is the South-
Ealt part of Florida ; but with us in England they
grow only in Gardens, where being nourilh’d up
they bring forth their Fruit to perfeftion.

VI. The Times. The Seed is fown in the begin-
ning of April, in a Bed of hot Horle-dung, after the
manner of Musk Melons, and fuch like cold Fruits •
they Flower in June, July, and Augufl, and the
hurt is ripe for the molt part in the middle ot end
or September.

Jhe whole Plant and Apples

are Cold and Moill, almoft in the fourth Degree -
but not fo cold as Mandrakes. They are dpha-
lick, Stomatick, Nephritick, and Uterine - of an
Attenuating, Cleanfing, Repercuflive, and Anodine
V?nd 0perate oiAY as Alteratives,
i Y'y- The Specification. They are peculiar to al-
lay the iheat of Inflammations, but more efpecially
of an Eryfipelas. ^ *

J£: FrePamio,!s‘ The Sh°Ps k^P nothing

°JyS P,3nt,’ but you have *r°m in, i. T he
AppUsthemfelves. 2. The Juice. An EJfence.

rntnifl^' y‘ M 0U' 6‘ A f»L

The Virt ues 3

X. The Apples. In Spain, and thofe hot Coun-
ts’1 £ey uPe t0 out the Apples prepared and boil-
ed m Vinegar, with Pepper and Salt, and ferved up
with Od, and Juice ofLimons: Likewife diet? eat
them raw with Oil, Vinegar and Pepper, for Sawcs
to their Meat, as we here do Cucumbers ; but thev
yield not much nourilhment, but only pleafe and
cool or quench the Heat and Thirft of hot Sto-
machs.

XI. The Juice. Applied upon Inflammations,
but efpecially bathed upon an Eryfipelas, and Linen
Cloths wet in the fame, laid thereon, abate the In-
flammat-mn, and take away the preternatural heat.

■ III. * * * * * * X ;, ■ ¥e”.ce- 5 reprefTes Vapots in Women,

is good agamlf Fits of the Mother, opens the Ob’
ftru&ons of the Urine, taking away the heat and
folding thereof; is good againlt Sand, Gravel, and
the Stone, and gives eafe in all Pains proceeding

fr0V7ir , Dofe j- » ij- ounces,

i s-he Lataplafm. It is good againlt the Head-
ach, Megrim, Gout, Sciatica, and all Pains whar-
loever proceeding from a hot and dry Caufe : In
outward Applications it ought to be renewed twice
a Day.

°’!m k Cures a11 maimer of Burnings,
and Scaldmgs, whether of Fise, Water, Oil, Lead,

* '

Cf c. and has the Virtues of the Cataplafm,^ and may
be anointed upon thofe places where a Cataplalhi
cannot be applied.

XV. The half am. It is a fingular good thing to
cool Inflammations in Wounds and Ulcers, heal all
i'orts of Burnings and Scaldings, cleanfe old Running
Sores, ar.d to give eafe in the Gout, pain in the
Back, or any other part proceeding from vehement
hot and fiery humors : It admirably heals Wounds,
and, when cleanfed, Ulcers alfo, after the manner
of Preparations from All-heals.

XVI. A fpecial Note. It appears that this Plant
abounds with a vaft humidity ; for in the hotteft
time in Summer, the fuperfluous Branches being cut
oft' from the Mother Root, and carelefly calf away
in the Allies of the Garden, though at a time when
no Rain (hall fall, yet will they grow as frefh, as
if they had not been cut off*, which (hews indeed
the exceeding moifture of the Herb.

CHAP. XX.

0/ MAD APPLES.

I. /~|P HE Names. This Plant has no known
.1. Greek name, ( except Srpuj^©- fiay/xk, may
be taken for it, which is more properly the name
for Solatium Lethale : ) but to fupplv the place, we
may call it MIW (jjlvuqv PI. Mnr* pciviyj. -, in Latin ,
Alai urn infanum , PI. Alai a inf am ; in Englijh , Mad
Apple , and Mad Apples.

II. The Kindt. There are three Kinds, i. The
Syrian. 2. 'The European. 3. The Ethiopian , of
which we (hall (ay nothing in this Work.

III. The Defctiption. 1. Of the Syrian. It has a
Root compofed of many firings, fome .great, others
/ mall , not thrufling down deep into the ground, which
continues not all Winter, but penfhes with the firfl
Prof's-, from this Root rifles up a great, hard , round,
purplijh, or brmnijb green Stalk , two foot high , di-

vided from the bottom into divers Branches, whereon
are fet many hairy, broad, rough Leaves, fomewhat
unevenly cut on the edges, and fomewhat like the
Thorn Apple Leaves : At the Joints with the Leaves
come forth fcveral large flowers, confifirig of fix
large pointed Leaves -, in fome Plants white , in others
of a pale, but deadifh purple Colour, with yellow
threads in the middle -, which faffing away, there
comes forth large, fomewhat long \ and round Fruit ,
in the warm Countries as large as a Cucumber - but
in Colder Countries feldom bigger than a large Duck
or Goofe Egg, fet in the fame Husk or Cup, which
before contained' the flower , whofe Colour on the
outfide is ufually according to the flower it bore,
either of a wbitifh Green , more yellowifh, or of a
grayijh Afh Colour, or of a Pale or Wan purplijh Co-
lour, with a veiy thin Skin or Peel, and full of a
whit if) Pulp, and Juice, having many fmall flat
whitifh Seeds zvithin it, fomewhat greater than thofe
'of the Love Apple.

IV. The Mala infana Europe, have a Root flringy,
and not much differing from the former, and penjh-
ing every year, after Seeding time from whence
grows an upright round Stalk , about the thicknefs of
a Man’s f inger, and about a foot and half high, from
whence fpring forth at fever al Joints, fometimes on
the one fide, and fometimes on the other, divers long ,
and fomewhat broad green Leaves, unevenly cut in
on the edges, and ending in a long point, three for
the mofl part coming together, each of them upon a
Jhort f 'ootfalk , at the tops of the Stalks, come forth
the Flowers, conff ing of fix feveral Leaves after
which Jucceeds the Fruit, which are round reddiJJ?
Berries or Apples, about the bignefs of*a Plum, and.
very full of Seed.

V. The Places. The firft grows in Syria, and JE-
gypt, where it grows plentifully Wild, and in moft
of thofe Eaftern Countries, where the Fruit grows
to the bignefs (as Bellonius reports) of a great Cu-
cumber : It alfo grows with us in our Gardens ,
where it bears Flowers, and as Gerrard fays, in a
temperate or warm Year, Fruit ■q’lfb, which he (aw
of the bignefs of a Goofe Egg, but came not to
ripenefs. The European grows in (hadowy places
upon the Appenine Mountains, and has been^tranf-
lated alfo into our Gardens.

VI. The Times. The Seed muft be fown in April,
in a Bed of hot Horfe Dung, as Musk Melons are,
and then it will Flower in Augufl. The European
Flowers in Augufl, and if the Summer is warm, its
Fruit comes to perfection in September.

VII. The Qualities. They are cold and moift al-
moft in the fourth Degree. They are Cleanfing,
Repercuffive, Anodine, or rather Narcotick, and Vul-
nerary. And by Appropriation are dedicated to the
Head, Stomach, Reins, Womb and Joints ; aCting
only as Alteratives.

VIII. The Specification. Their chief ule is for
cooling an Eryfipelas, and Inflammations, eafing
Pains proceeding from vehement hot and (harp Hu-
mors, and healing of Wounds ; but they caufe no
Madnefs, as the name would feem to import.

IX. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing
of this Plant ^ but you may have therefrom, 1. The
Apples themf elves. 2. A Juice. 3. An Effence. 4. A
Cataplafm . 5. An Oil. 6. A Balfam .

The Virtues.

X. The Apples. They are boiled in Fat Broth,
or rather in Water and Vinegar, and fo eaten, being
ferved up with Oil, Vinegar, Pepper, and Salt, and
this at Genoua is a great Di(h. Fuchfius fays, there
is a fuperabundant coldnefs and moifture in them,
as theje is in Cucumbers and Aluffirooms ^ but the

beauty

Chap.

'll.

[EngHJI) Herbs.

3

beauty of the Fruit, and the wonderful delight they
•give to the Palate, alfo their inciting to Venery,

( which molt Windy things, asjthefe are, do) are
the great Motives which intice to the eating ol
them : Wherefore in Italy , and other hot Countries,
where they come to' their full Maturity, and pro-
per Relilh, they eat them with more Defire and
Relilh, than we do Cucumbdrs , and therefore Pre-
pare and Drefs them in divers manners ; fome eat
them Raw, as we do Cucumbers ; fome Roaft them
under the Embers ; fome firft Boil them, then Pare
and Slice them, and fo eat them as firft related ;
fome ltrew Flower over them, and Fry them with
Oil or Butter, and ferve them to the Table with
Pepper and Salt ; and fome keep them in Pickle, to
fiend in Winter, and the next Spring. Yet Avi-
cennajib.2. cap. 4;;. Condemns them as hurtful
things : On the contrary, Averrhoes Commends them.

1 believe it is true, that they yield but little Nou-
r ifhment, and breed much Wind, whereby ’tis pof-
fible they may provoke Bodily Lull. At Toledo in
Spain, they eat them with great Defire, Jieing Boil-
ed with Fat Flelh, then putting thereto fome fcra-
ped Cheefe, then keep them in Honey, or Vinegar
and Salt Pickle all Winter, to eat as Viands, when
they have a mind to it, to procure Lull.

XI. The Juice. It cools the heat of the Reins,

and the fcalding of tire Urine, taken to j. ounce in
Arfmart Water : Applied upon Inflammations, and
bathed upon an Eryfipe/at, and Linen Cloahs wet
therein being laid thereon, it abates the heat of the
inflammation, and cures the Eryfipelas -. it is alfo
of lingular ufe againft Burnings and Scaldings, of
what kind foever : if the Skin is not broken, dif-
folve in it a good quantity of Salt, and bathe there-
with. „ . „

XII. T be Effence. It is an excellent thing agamlt
hot vapors of the Womb, and Fits of the Mother ;
and is good againft Sand, Gravel, and Tartarous
matter obftrufting the Urinary Paflages. Dofc
from j. to ij. ounces.

XIII. The Cataplajm. It is good to be applied

upon Burnings and Scaldings from what caufe fo-
ever, it takes out the Fire, and allays the Heat and
Inflammation : It may be good alfo in an Eryfipe-
las being often renewed ; and is prevalent againft
the Gout in Elbows, Wrifts, Hands, Fingers, Legs,
Feet, Toes, or any other Pain or Ach, proceeding
from a cold Caufe 5 and is good to be applied to a
flight Contufion or Blow, being laid on before any
Tumor arifes. „

XIV. The Oil. It is good againft all forts of Bur-
nings and Scaldings, with Fire, Water, Soap Lees,
Oil, Pitch, Tar, Lead, Gunpouder, Efc. being anoin-
ted’ therewith, and the Cataplafm aforegoing pre-
fently after applied, and often renewed ; and has
all the Virtues of the Cataplafm, except in the cafe
of an Eryfipelas , where .Oily Bodies rather inflame,
than do any good : It gives eafe in the Megrim,
and Head-ach, from a hot Caufe, and takes away
the black and blew Marks which arife from Blows
Falls, Etc.

XV. The Balfam. It is a lingular Vulnerary, pre-
vents, and allays Inflammations in Wounds and Ul-
cers, coming from what accident foever : It cleanfes
Ulcers and Filtula’s, and fpeedily heals them after-
wards.

; CHAP. XXI.

Of THORNIE APPLES.

I. f~r^lIE Names. It is called hi Creek , tiaerJu-
- _L rst?oi‘ f ( /. e. a Nut canfing

Drowlinels : ) In Laun, Stramonium. , Alclfpinuw,
Malum Spimfmn , Tomim Spinofttm : In E -nglijh.
Thorny Apple , and Thorn Apple. Matthicius thinks
this to be the Nux Mabel, of the Arabians.

II. The Kinds. It is twofold, 1. Tb.u -Jjeb ge -
nerally grows with us in England. 2. That of Peru.
And of the firft Kind there is both Angle and dou-
ble, with variety of Colours in the Flowers.

III. The Defcription. The Root it fma/l and threa-
dy, from whence firings up, one great Stalk , four ,
Jive, or fix feet high, fe/dom higher ; and two or
three Inches, or more , thick in Diameter , and fame-
times four or five Inches thick, upright and freight,
having very many Branches , a n d fome times but jew^
upon jointed Stems •, on which do grow Leaves ,
Jmooth , very broad , and cut in , or jagged about the
edges , long and broad almoji tw a Spinage Leaf ;
and not much differing from the Jhape of Goof e-foot.
The flowers come forth of long Toothed Cues, gi cat,
white, and of the form of a Bell, or like the blower
of the great Bindweed, which fpr cads it J elf in hedges,
but altogether greater, and wider at Mouth, and
Jharp cornered at the brims-, of a Jirong fmtlffo
that it offends theSenfes : After the blowers follows
the bruit, fomctffiag of the fajhion of an Egg, fet
about on every fide and part with Jharp Trickles,
almoji like Thorns, within which Shell is contained
very much Seed, of the bignefs of a very fmall Tare,
and almoji of the fame fajhion, and of a black'jh brown,
or black Colour . . .

IV. The Thorn Apple of Peru has a Root thicker
than the former , with fome thick Branches \ from
whence runs feveral Jmall firings , and out of which
fprings one puny thick upright Stalk , about jour

3

Salmon V Herbal. Lib. 1

cr five feet high , fcldom higher -, nearly two Inches
thick, having very few Branches, fomctimcs none at
nil -, from which Stalk and Branches ( where there
is any )fp ring forth pretty large Leaves, Jmooth and
even, little or nothing indented about the edges,
longer and broader than the Leaves of Nightjhade,
cr Mad Apples : from the Bottoms or Foot-folks of
the Leaves fpring forth long Toothed Cups, out of
which come the Flowers, great, white , and of the
form of a Bell, or the Flowers of the great Bind-
weed, but greater and wider at Mouth, and fharp
cornered at the Brims, like the former-, which con-
tain white Chives or Threads in the midft, of a f rang
Pontick Savour, offending the Head when it isfmel-
led to : When the Flower is gone, the Fruit comes
forth, of the bignefs of a fmall Walnut with the
green on-, this fruit is full of Prickles ; within the
Shell are a great number of Seeds, of the bignefs of
fmall Tares, or Seeds of Mandrakes, and of the fame
form. The whole Herb is of a flrong Savour -, and
fmelling to it caufes Drowfmefs.

V. The Places. The Firft was brought from
Conjlantinople, and now grows with us plentifully

in onr Crnrriprfc • irnlfrv rtmn «■ IHrjU __ i

- j vvu.il us piciuuuny

in our Gardens-, italfo grows Wild and very plen-
tifully in the South Carolina. The latter was found
growing in the Mountains of Peru, from whence
the Seed was fent to Manardus in Spain -. and
from thence it was conveyed unto other parts of
Europe -, and now it is nourilhed up in fome of our
Gardens in England.

V. The Times. The firft may be Town in March
or April, and it brings forth ripe Seed in Sept ember
flowering m the Summer Months: The latter is
lown in a hot Bed of Horfe Dung, as we do Cucum-
bers and Musk-Melons. Authors fay, of both thefe
forts, there is a greater and a lefler Kind, and that
the greater Kinds are plentiful enough in our Gar-
dens, and will abide and give with us ripe Seed •
but the lefler Kinds are very rare, becaufe they fel-
dom come to maturity, and fb we are every Year to
feek for new Seed. 1

VII. The Qualities. Thefe Plants are find to be
cold and moift in the fourth Degree : and to be Re-
percufiive, Narcotick, or Stupefaffive, and Vulne-
rary : and are by appropriation, Cephalick Hyfte-
nck and Arthritick, and operate only as Altera-
tives by their cold and moift property.

VIII- The Specification. Manardus lays, that the
Indians commend thefe Plants for provoking Urine
and expelling Sand and Gravel from the Reins and
Bladder : and by Gerard's account, it is a famous
Wound Herb outwardly ufed.

^ Preparations. There are taken from it
'• ThJ Seel 2; Tfe Juice. 3. An Effence from
the lame. 4. An Oil. 5. An Ointment. 6, A
Lerote or Emplader. 7. A Cataplafm.

The Wirt ties

X. The Seed. It is of great Eftimation in the
Indies, both by the Spaniards and Indians themfelves
in that itprovoks Urine, and expels Gravel and the
Stone both in the Remsand Bladder, for which it is
molt commended: it is find to break the Stone in
the Bladder if it is not too hard and inveterate, or
may by any medicine bediffolved-, of which there
has been many proofs, as Manardus fays, has been
declared ro his great admiration : For, as he fays he
did not think that the Stone in the Bladder could
be diffolved and expelled by any means whatfoever
and that the Cure thereof coniifted only in Cutting
rt out by a skillful hand : but it was find of this
Seed, that being taken in any Fit and convenient

miC T , 6 g 111 dua convenient

Water for that purpofe, that it would by little and
ume diflolye the Stone into fmall travel : which

after it is expell’d, or driven forth, would attain
fbek together and Grow into a hard Stone. 8‘

„ Juice of the Herb, ft is lingular good

to bath With in all Sorts of hot Inflatnations aifd an
Eo/p"'", by laying Cloths dipt in the//„Ve upon

\nm Vn^r0rften Kfj\nS tl]e Application. P
XII. The Effence of the Juice, Dropt into the

ho6’ Iaa(layS'S,,eInflamatl0nthereof; removes
hot and (harp Rheums : Injefted up the Womb it U

good againft the continual running of the Whites!
l rengthcns the Part, and cools any Inflamation Of
he fame or of the Secrets : it alfo is good againft
v'Jw Motions in Wounds and Ulcer?
Aill. The Oil- made by boiling the btuifed

Herb in it till it, sen^ is good againft all forts of

Inflatnations , Burnings and Scoldings, and gives

Riynraflh0t GoutVaniPains and Aches, inthe
Head chiefly, proceeding from a hot Caufe Md Hu-

™ ^Ointment, madeof the Juice or btuifed
Herb boiled to crifpnels, and twice or thrice re
peated, inHogs Lard, and then prefled forth cures
all Inflamations whatfoever, and heals all manner of
Burnings and Scald ings,whether of Fire Water Oil
melted Lead, Gun-fowder or Light^aS Sat
m a very flrort time : This was proved unon mT
chants Wife at Colcltejler, who (after the ufe of
many other things in vain, and when all hopes were
palt) being grievouily Burned was herewith nerfeft-
ly cured. ^

uXuV',.T^£*fc Itis madeof the btuifed
Herb, boiled m Oil O/we to crifpnefs, and prefled
forth and three times repeated, and then brought
to a body with Turpentine, Rofin and Wax, of each
a fumcient quantity. It cures malign Uleeis
and Apoftems, helps a hot Gout, and prevails 5
gainft trefli and Green Wounds, and old Sores and
running Ulcers efpecially upon the Glandulous
parts of the Yard, and other places where they are
hard of Cure. J

XVI. The Cataplafm. It is good againft Recent
Bruifes efpecialby upon a bony part, to allay In
fiamations, and eafe the Gout and other Pains Dro-
ceeding from a hot Caufe. r

CHAP. XXII.

Of Red ARC HANG EL.

I- ‘-THE Karnes. It is called in Greek, Aa^,
X OTffv'fior: In Latin, Lamium purpureum
Urtica tners purpurea , Vrtica mortua rubra: In
Englijh, Red Archangel, or Red Dead Nettle.

11. The Kinds. It is .twofold, 1. The Sweet
called limply Lamium purpureum. 2. Stinking
rai.Ufii, Ta\io4u, TahEoCgor©-.- And in Latin, Lami-
um fetidum, Urtica inert fattida, Urtica mortua h-
tida, Urtica Labeo, /linking Dead Nettle or Hedg

Nettle. And of this ftinking kind there are divere
forts as 1. Galeopfis vera. The true ftinking Deed
Nettle, or Hedg Netle. 2. Galeopfis altera pallida ,
pale ftinking. Dead Nettle. 3. Galeopfis altera inca-
na. Hoary ftinking Dead Nettle. 4. Galeopfis lutea
Dalechampij, Yellow ftinking Dead Nettle.

III. The Defcription. 1. The Sweet kind. It
has a Root fmall and thready, perrijhing every Tear
from whence rifes divers hollow fquare Stalks, fome-
what Hairy, with Joynts at a good diflance, one from
another, and alfo two fad green Leaves, dented about
the edges, fet oppofite one to another, the lowermojl
upon long Foot-Stalks, but without any towards the-

top.

Chap. 22. TLngliJ,

top , zvhich are fomemkit round, yet a little pointed
at the ends , and a little crumpled and Ha 'uy •
round about the upper Joynts with the Leaves , grow
J undry gaping Flowers of a paleifh red Color , not
much unlike Betony Flowers , after which come
Seeds , three or four fet together in a husk ■, the
whole Flint fmells Jlrong 5 and pleajant enough , //<?/
jl inking.

IV. The Galeopfis Vera, <z compofed of
many firings, Jhooting out frefh heads every Tear , attd
thereby increafing very much -, _/7w;z whence comes
forth divers fquare , 70/}, 0/?^ Wry SW&- rifing

to be two or three feet or more high , according as the
Ground is in goodnefs -, at the Joynts whereof grow
two Leaves a piece upon Foot Stalks , «0/ nwcfc unlike
to Nettle Leaves , but that they are foft and fome-
what hoary , and ?iot at all flinging , of a ftrong un-
p leaf ant Jent , efpe dally if growing in fhaddowy places ,
but nothing fo Jlrong if growing in the open Fields :
at the tops of the Stalks grow the Flowers , _/?/ in
Lundies, for or five at a fpace , and many of them one
above another in manner of a f piked head , <?wry 0/7,?
funding in a greenifh Husk , /fte 0/' the

other more pie af ant fented Dead Nettles, but not fo
great , nor of fo fad a red or pur plifh Color , efpe dal-
ly the Heads or upper parts-, but :tbe lower Labels or
Lips have fome white fpots in them : after the Flowers
are fallen, there grows within thoje Husks, fnall
round , but fome what rough Seed, four of them for
the mofl part Jland together, which are of a black Co-
lor when Ripe.

V. The Pale finking Dead Nettle, hot a pretty
thick Root and full of Strings, from whence r/Jesup
a long, fquare, hairy Stalk or Stalks, out of which
comes fever al pale green broad Leaves, fet upon long
hairy Foot Stalks, and higher up, fitch Tike but leffer
Leaves thereon , with f undry fnall pale yellowifh
Flowers, fet together at ] paces, which turn into fnall
round pointed Heads, with fnall blackifh Seed in
them-, the whole Plant is of a Jlrong finking fmell.

VI. The Hoary finking Dead Nettle, has a Root
much like to the former kinds, from whence comes

Herbs „

Stalks fquare, foft , and hoary, but fhortcr, very
(lender and weak, creeping as it were by the Ground,
zvi/h two Leaves fet by the Joynts likewife, foft and
and hoary, but more hoary underneath, and not fo
/arge-as the firft kind of Galeopfis-' the top of the
Stalks end in a long fpike of purp/ifi Flowers, fet in
Rundles as in the other, after which comes the Seed
Black alfo as the former.

VII. The yellow finking Dead Nettle, has much
Juch a like Root as the others, whence comes forth
Jipuarelow Stalks, not above a Cubit or a Foot and a
half high, with long Leaves fet thereon by couples ,
very like unto Nettle Leaves, f nailer below next the
Ground, than up higher upon the Stalks, being hairy,
but not fo finking as the firfl , yet J me l Ting very
Jlrong: the Flowers grow in long f piked Heads m
like manner, but are all yellow when fully blown, con -
Jifing of two Leaves, the uppermof whereof is not
fo much hooded as the former, but is as it were a
coyer to the lower, and turns it felf up again, ha-
ving fome yellow threads in the middle -, but while it
is in the bud, it is fome what redijh, after which
comes forth the Seed in the fame Husks.

VIII. The Places. Red Archangel grows almoft
ever where, by Ditch and Hedg fides, throughout
the whole Kingdom. The firft Galeopfis grows
very frequently in England in divers Counties, as at
Hamf ead , going from the Town to the Church
and many other Places from Hamjhd-Heath to Lon-
don, as alfo at Greenwich in fome places not far
from the Park. The fecondKind, grows alfo wild
by Hedg and Ditch fides, and as a Weed in many
Gardens. The two laft Kinds, are not found to
grow wild at all with us, but only nourifhed up in
Gardens.

IX. The Tunes. They Flower for the moil part
all Summer lon&beginning in May, and all June and
July, and the Seed is ripe not long after the Flowers
are paft.

X. The Qualities. Red Archangel is hot and dry
in the firft Degree, but the Galeopjes are hot in the
lecond Degree, and dry in the third Degree, much
of the temperature of Horehouni. They are all At-
tenuating, fomething Repercuffive and Aftringent :
and by Appropriation, they are Cephalick, Splene-
tick, Hylterick and Arthritick; and operate only as
Alteratives.

XI. The Specification. They dry up moift Hu-
mors in Ulcers and Fiftula’s, are Vulnerary, and
flop the overflowing of the Terms in Women.

XJI. The Preparations. From Archangel there
are, I. A Ponder of the Seed. 2. A Conferve of
the flowers. 5. A Juice of the Plant. 4. An
Effence. 5. A Spirituous TinSure. 6. A Saline
Tindure. 7. An Oily TinSure. 8. A Di filled
Hater of the whole Plant, 9. A Decoction. 10.
An Oil. II. An Ointment. 12. A Cerate or Em-
plafter. 17. A Cataplafm. The Geleopfes are

uled in 14. A DecoSton. 15. A Juice. 16. An
Effence. 17. A Syrup. 18. An Ointment. 19. A
Balfam.

The Virtues of the Red Aichangel.

_ XIII. The Ponder of the Sted. It is dry and
binding, and of good ufe in (lopping Fluxes of the
Bowels, as the Diarrhata, Dyferteria, Lienteria, and
Hepatick Flux. Dofe from half a dram to j. dram
in Red Wine.

XIV. The Conferve of the Flowers. Eaten morn-
ing, noon, and night, the quantity of a large Wal-
nur at a time, it has beep found by Experience to
be cft-ctual againft the overflowing of the Courfes,
and all Fluxes of Blocd whether by the Mouth,
Stool, 01 Urine : but tAis more efpecially, if to a
E Pound

>4 Salmons Herbal. Lib. \

Pound of the Conferve , ij. ounces of Crocus mart is
Aliringcns be added.

XV. T he Juice of the Plant. ItisAntihyfterick,
repreffes Vapors in Women and Fits of the Mother,
opens obftmctions of the Liver and Spleen, and is
good for Wounded Perfons to Drink. Dofe ij. or
iij. ounces in Wine.

’ XVI. T he Effence. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice, befides which it is an exceeding good thing
for fuch as have old running Sores, Fastid Ulcers,
and Malign Fiftula’s running upon them ; it.correfts
the Malignity of the Humors, drys them up and
difpofes the Ulcers to healing. 'Dofe from j. to
iij. ounces : Outwardly it is good to wa!h the Ul-
cerations withal, and to injeft into Fiftula’s.

XVII. The Spirituous Ttnffltrc. It flops Fluxes
of the Belly of what kind foever; and the over-
flowing of the Courfes in Women, quickens and
cheats the Spirits, drives away Melancholy, makes
the Heart merry. Dole iij. drams.

XVin. The Saline TtnSure. It operates by
Urine, and carries off much of the Morbifick mat-
ter in fuch as are alfti&ed with Ulcers, Sores and
Fiftula’s.by the Urinary paffages ; and is good againli:
inward Bruifes, diflolving the congealed filood.
Dofe from j. dram to ij. drams, in a Glafs of the
Dilliird Water/'

XIX. T he Oily TinHttre. Taken from vj. Drops
to xx. or xxx, according to 'Age and ftrength, in
fome proper Vehicle, it has been found to be good
againft Quartan Agues. Outwardly applied or
anointed, it is good againft all Pains and Aches, as
alfo the Gout in any part proceeding from a cold
Caufe: it ftrengthens the Nerves, and is good
againft the Paliie.

XX. The Diflillei Water. It is ufed chiefly as
a Vehicle to convey the other Various preparations
of this Herb ill.) Dofe vj. ounces.

XXI. The Decoffiou. Made in Wine, and Drank,
tovj. orviij. ounces; it ftrenghens the Bowels much,
it is good to open obflruftions, and foftens thehard-
nefs of the Spleen : Fomenting alfo hot with the
fime upon the Region of the Spleen : or apply-
ing the hot Herb alfo thereon, for fome time.

XXII. The Oil, made by boiling the bruifed Herb
in Oil Olive , &c. It is good to difeuis or refolve
cold and hard Swellings in any part of the Body,
Chiefly thofe in the Neck and Throat proceeding
frow the Kings-Evil.

XXIII. The Ointment. It has the fame Virtues,
befides which it is very good to dilcufs Inflamations,
and heal all green Wounds by cleanfing them, dry-
ing, and doling up their Lips.

XXIV. The Cerote or Emplajier . It heals alio
green Wounds, cleanfes old Ulcers, and refills their
Malignity ; puts a flop to their fretting, corroding,
and Spreading, and brings them to a ipeedy heal-

XV. The Cataplafm, made with the beaten
Herb, and Hogs Lard, Vinegar and Salr, boiled to
a lofmefs and confiftency, and then apply’d to hard
and Scrophuloas Tumors whether in the Neck or
other parts, it helps to difeufs and refolve them ;
gives cafe in the Gout, Sciatica, and other Joynt-
Aches, itrengthen the Nerves, and eafes their
Pains, caufed by Cramps, Convulfions, ©V. it is
good againft Inflamations, and the Malignity ol
old running Sores. A Cataplafm of the ram Herb
beaten up with Vinegar , being apply’d to the Nape
of the Neck, Hops bleeding at the Nofe: and helps
Whitloes, being applj’d to the roots of the
Nails!

The Virtues of the finking Archangel . or Dead

Nettle.

XXVI. The TccoUion. It is good to bathe
places Swelled with hard Kernels, Wens, Inflamati-
ons, or Scrophulous Tumors in the Neck, under
the Ears, Jaws , Armholes and Groin ; and’ if the
Decoflion is made in Wine, and drunk to vj. or viij.
ounces for a Dofe, it is a good Traumadck, and
wonderfully helps all inward Wounds, Hurts,
Bruifes, Falls, or the like, and is lingular good for
the Spleen and the Difeaies thereof

XXVII. The Juice. It has all the aforegoing
Virtues ; befides which being applyed warm with
Vinegar, to the Hemorrhoids or Piles, when they are
very painful and much Swelled , it gives eale, and
difcuues the Tumor. It is good alfo againft Warts,
Figgs, Crifte, Condylomata, and the like which
grow in and about the Fundament. Dofe inwardly
from j. to iv. ounces.

XXVIII. The Effence. It has all the Virtues both
of the DecoSion and Juice, and may be ufed as a
Wound Drink, for which purqofe it is a molt lin-
gular thing ; and contributes very much to the heal-
ing of Ulcers, Fiftula’s and other inveterate and run-
ning Sores, which refill moll other Remedies. Dofe
from ij. ounces to iv. twice a day : Outwardly it is
good alfo to walh Sores, Ulcers and.Fiftula’s with,
and cleanfes them from their filth.

XXIX. The Syrup. It may be a Vehicle to mix
with the Effence for all the purpoles aforefaid, as
alfo againft Flufhings, Vapors, and fits of the Mo-
ther, or Flypochondriack melancholy.

XXX. The Ointment. Being anointed upon the
Region of the Spleen, it eafes the pain, and fof,
tens thehardnefs thereof ; and anointed on the Fun-
dament, it is good againft Clifts, Warts, Fig<»s,
Piles, and other Swellings thereof. It dilfolves'or
Difcuffes Wens, Kernels, and hard and Scrophu-
lous Swellings of the Neck and Throat, and other
hard and Oedematous Tumors in any other part of
the Body.

XXXI. The Balfam. It is of lingular ufe, and
much Commended againft Gangteens , Cancers
Corroding Fiftula’s, and all manner of other run-
ning Sores, inveterate and fordid Ulcers happening
in what Place foever.

CHAP. XXIII.

Of the White ARCHANGEL.

I. A_TA H£ Names. It is called in Greek, M/xiov
1 Kvx.lv : ha>nium album , Urtica i ners Alba,
Urtica mortua alba: and in Englifh, White Arch-
angel, or Dead Nettle.

II. The Kinds. Of Archangels there are three
fpecial Kinds, viz . i. The Red. 2. The JVbite.
3. The Fellow. This then which we Treat of in this
Chapter is the fecond Species, to wit , that of the
White Kind.

III, The Defcription. It has a Root JVbite and
Thready , not perijhing every year , from whence rifes
divers four fquare Stalks fomewhat hairy , about
a Foot and a half or two Feet high , and Jometimes
more , as the ground on which they grow is in fatnefs
andgoodnefs , leaning this way and that way by reafon
of the Weight of its Head and' Leaves , Branches
and Flowers: at thejoynts whereof ft and two Leaves,
larger and more pointed than the Red, almoft in fhape

Chap. 24, ‘EngUfh

like Nettles, but not /tinging, end dented about the
edges •, greener, a/fo then the Red , and fomewhat foft ,
as it were, end hairy end downy. At the Joints
with the Leaves [tend larger end more gaping Flow-
ers than thoje of the Red , in Husks , and emokpaf-
Jing the Stalks at certain dpi antes, like as lllofe oj
Horehottni do ( of which Gerald will have this to be
a Species ) but not having fitch a bujh of Lcfbes and
f lowers, fo clofely Jc&at the Tops, as they are in the
Red : Thefe f lowers are white in Colour, and Jhaped
like to little gaping 'Hoods, or Helmets after the
flowers in the JtmefHusks grow fmall roundifh Seed,
which, when ripe, becomes black, or of a blackijh Co-
lour. Its Root grows not downward , but fpreads and
encreafes under the tipper Cruft oj the Earth, and
abides many Tears, fill encreafng : The whole Herb
has afrnell pie af ant enough , and much differing from
Galeopfis, or the Stinking Kind.

IV. The Places. It grows by old Hedges, and
Ditch fides, and in fome places by the Highways,
and borders of Fields, almoft every where through
the whole Kingdom ; and many times in Gardens
ill Husbanded.

V. The Times. It Flowers from the beginning of
the Spring, almoft all the Summer long ; and the
Seed rit >ens thro’ all the fame Seafons.

VI. The Qualities. It is hot and diy in the fecond
Degree : it is Attenuating, Inciding, Difcuffive, Re-
lolutive, Aftringent, Vulnerary, and Alterative : and
is appropriated to the Head, 'Nerves, Liver, Spleen,
Womb, and Joints.

VII. The Specification. It cutes Wounds and Ul-
cers, flops Fluxes, and in particular the Whites in
Women.

VIII. The Preparations. The Shops keep, i .The
Herb. 2. A Conferve of the flowers. But you may
alfo prepare therefrom, 3. A Ponder of the Seed.
4- -i Juice of the Plant. 5. An Effence. 6. A Spiri-
tuous TinUure. 7. A Saline 1 i nance. 8. An Oily

1 intture. 9. A D, /tilled Wafer of the whole Plant.
10. A Deroffion. u.AnOil. \2. An Ointment. 11. A
Cerate or Emplnfler. 14. A Cat^lajin.

The Virtues .*

IX. The Virtues of ail thefe Preparations are the
fame with thofe of the Red, in the Chapter fore-
going, from Sea. 14. to SeU. 26. and may ferve in
all the fame Cafes, there not being much difference
in their ftrength and goodners ; but if any fhould
be fuppofed, thefe of the White may be faid rather
to excel in Virtue : but this difference there is be-
tween them in the Flower, that as die Red Jeem to
be fpecifick, to flop the Reals, or overflowing of the
Terms, and Loches in Women ■, fo the Flowers of
the White are faid to he fpecifick in flopping the
Whites, or White Flux in the fame Sex ; lor which
reafon the Shops in many places keep the Conferve
of the Flowers in a readinefs, upon any occafion.

X. The Conferve of the While flowers. It is gi-
ven for the purpofes aforefaid, and to ftrengthen
the Womb, from vj. drams to' an ounce and half!
Mornjpg, Noon, and Night. And it will be more
efte£|jpl, if the Pouder of boiled 'Turpentine is ad-
ded to it, iv. ounces to every pound cf the Conferve :
thus Prepared, it is truly an excellent thing for the
purpofe intended,

— - —

CHAP. XXIV.

Of Yellow ARCHANGEL.

I. 'T'1 H E Names. It is called in Greek, tutfin
X Y,taJv : In Latin , Latnium Luteum, Urtica
iners lutea, XJrtica mortua lutea : and ia Englifh,
fellow Archangel , or Dead Nettle-
F 2

II. The

* i

II. The Kinds. It is the third and Ml Kind of
the Archangels or Dead Nettles.

III. The Defcription. The Roots hereof are much
like to thofe of the White , hut are not obferved to
creep fo much under ground ns they : from whence
rifes up fquare hoary Stalks , and large green dented
Leaves , very much like the White Archangel, but
that the Stalks are more freight and upright , not
bending downwards ; and the Joints , with their
Leaves , are further af under , and the Leaves are
fame thing longer than the former. The Flowers alfo are
larger , and more gaping , growing in Randles about
the Stalk , of a fair Yellow or Golden Colour in mof ,
and in fame more faint , exaftly oj the fhabe of thofe
of the White Archangel', but gaping iCider. After
the Viewers follow the Seed in the fame Husk , /;///<?
or nothing differing from that of the While.

IV. The Places. It grows ufually in Woods, and
wet Grounds in Woods, and fometimes in dryer
places, in divers Countries of our Land : Gerard
found it under the Hedge ’on the Left Hand, as you
go from Hamflead near London , to the Church, and
in the Wood thereby, as alfo in many other Copfes
about Lee in EJfex near Watford and Bujhy in
Middlefex , and in the Woods belonging to th<§ then
Lord Cobham in Kent.

V. The Times . It Flowers from the beginning of
Alay, and all June and July , and the Seed ripens
gradually in the mean feafon.

VI. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the Se-
cond Degree : Attenuating, or making thin, Dilcuf-
five, Refolutive, Vulnerary, and Alterative : and is
appropriate to the Head, Stomach, Liver, Spleen,
Womb and Joints.

VII. The Specification. It is obferved to be a more
peculiar Vulnerary than any of the other kinds.

VIII. The Preparations. You may prepare from
it : I. A Ponder from the Seed. 2. A Conjerve of the
Viewers. 3. A Dif tiled Water of the whole Plant.
4. A Deco ft ion in Wine , or Wine and Water. 5. A
Juice from the Plant. 6. An E (fence of the whole
Plant. 7. A Spirituous Tinfture. 8. A Saline Tin -
ft ure. 9. An Oily Tinfture. 10. An Oil for -External
Ufes. 11. An Ointment. 12. ACerote or Emplafer.
13. A Caiaplafn. 14. A half am.

The Virtues.

IX. This has all the Virtues both of the Red and
White aforegoing , and much of the fame ftrength
and goodnefs ; and therefore as to the Ufes of the
various Preparations thereof, we fhall wholly refer
you to what we have laid of the like Preparations
of the Red, in Chap. 22. from Sell. 14. to Soft. 2 6.
Yet this we have to fey in relation to the Flowers,
that as they ftrengthen the Womb very much, fo
they have a peculiar property againlt both Reds,
and Whites, which yet. may bf made more power-
ful by compounding the Conferve of it, according
to the following Prescript.

X. The Conjerve. Ik Take of the fimple Conferee
20 ounces : Tuip entme boiled in Water , till it will
Ponder , v. ounces : fine Ponder of Catechu ij. ounces
and half ^ mix them. Dofe.from iij. drams to vj.
drams , Morning, Noon and Night, for fome time,
taking the EITence alfo inwardly : A Spirituous Tin-
61 ure of the dried Flowers, taken from j. dram*to
ij. drams, does alfo the fame thing.

XI. The half am. It heals green Wounds, cleanfes
old Ulcers and Filtula’s, obtunds their Malignity,
and Hops their fretting, corroding, and Ipreading,
efpecially where they are Inveterate, very Filthy,
and Corrupt, and where Fiftula’s are Cavernous,
with many crooked Windings in them : Firft walh
them with tire EITence, by inje&ing it in Blood-

warm then injeU into the hollownels, fome of
this Balfam melted, anil lay a Pledgit dipt in the
feme over the Mouth thereof, and over all the Ce-
rote or Emplafter -, letting the Patient alfo, in the
mean time, take the laid EITence inwafdly twice or
thrice a day, as the manner is in wounded Perfons,
fo you will find a wonderful and Hidden Cure. This
for a Vulnerary ufe is much more powerful than
any of the other Archangels. ■

CHAP. XXV.

Carden A R A C H.

THE Nantes. It is called in Arabic Catafi
or Caraf : In Greeks ^ Xft/o-oA.a^a^r.,

from its yellow Flowers : In Latin , At rip lex , and.
01 us Aureuni : In Englifh , Arach , and Orach.

II. The Kinds. There are four feveral Kinds
thereof, 1. The Garden. 2. The Wild. 3. Slinking.
4. Sea. Of all which in their feveral Chapters. The
White is that we treat of in this Chapter, and that
is threefold: 1. Atriplex fitiva alba major , The
greater White Garden Arracii. 2. Alba minor , The
lelfer White. 3. Atriplex Jativa purpurea , Purple
Garden Arrach.

/track Jar den large

III. The Defcription. The Great White Garden
Arach bar a Root growing deep into the Ground ,
with many fniall fibres fafined there to, which fades
away as J bo n as it has born Seed ^ from zchence ri-
fes up a Stalk fquare or cornered , and of a white
mealy Colour ^ out of which comes feveral Branches
and Leaves : the Leaves are many , fianding upon
their Voot-flalks , broad at bottom 5 and ending in two

Points

Chap. 16. “Englifi “Herbs.

’Points like an Arrow , with two Feathers at the Head ,
and Jharp pointed at . the end of the Leaf of a whi-
t iff) yellow green Colour , and as it were J} rewed over
with Flower or Meal , or rather fmall white Sand ,
efpecially whilft young •, the Stalk hkewife is Mealy ,
or rather Sandy , bearing many Branches , with fmall
yellow Flowers on them , which turn into fmall leajie
Seed,

IV. T/;<? Lf//dr Kind is altogether like the
former , and di ffers nothing from it, unlefs in the mag-
nitude, d77£/ /W Sandy Flower , which f (ferns to be whi-
ter than the former : but I am apt to believe that
thefe two are but one kind, and differ only in ref pell
of the Ground they grow on, this growing upon a
more fandy, lean, or poor Soil : the richer the Earth,
the greater the Plant •, the poorer the Soil the
leffer.

V. The Purple Arrach is in its Roots, Stalks,
Branches, Leaves, Flowers, and Seed, and manner of
growing, and indeed in all things like unto the
IVhite, except only in the Colour, the Stalks, Leaves
and Seed being of a Mealy, or Sandy Purplifh Colour.

VI. The Places. They grow chiefly in Gardens, as
their names do fpecifie, very rarely Wild.

VII. The Times. They Flower and Seed from
June to the beginning of September, their Seed ri-
pening all the time of their Flowering.

VIII. The Qualities. They are Cold and Moift
in the fecond Degree but; Schroder will have it on-
ly in the firft Degree. They are Alterative, Aperi-
ent, Abfterfive, Emollient, and Expulfive j and are
appropriated to the Lungs, Liver, Womb, and Joints.

IX. The Specification. They are peculiar againft
the Jaundice, and Dileafes of the Breft and Lungs.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
i. A Juice, i. An E (fence. 3. A be coition. 4. A Sy-
rup. 5. A Catap/afm.

The Virtues.

XI. The Juice. It cools Inflamations, and is good
to be applied in an Eryfiepelcvs, Linen Cloths being
dipt therein, and applied thereto ; and taken from
ij. to iij, or iv. ounces, it loofens the Belly, clean-

les the Bowels, and fortifies the Expulfive Faculty.

XII. The EJfence. It is good againft the Yellow
Jaundice, and cleanfes the Womb of all Impurities *
and is an excellent thing to open Obftructions of
the Liver, and help Difeales of the Breft and Lungs.
Dofe iv. fpoonfuls.

XIII. The Decollion , has the lame Virtue, but is
weaker, and, drunk plentifully, is a Angular good
thing againft the Poifon of Cantharides, and Stru-
matick Tumors, *Cr Swellings in the Throat, or 0-
ther parts, and admirably reprefles Choler. Dole
from iv. to viij. ounces, twice a day.

XIV. The Syrup of the Juice made with Honey.
It is an excellent PeHoral, opens ftoppages in the
Breft and Lungs, and prevails againft Colds, Coughs,
Afthma’s, or fhortnefs of Breath, and Difficulty of
Breathing. Dofe from j. ounce to ij. ounces, Morn-
ing and Night.

1?. The Cataplafm. The Herb bruifed and ap-
plied as a Cataplafm, is excellent to eale Pains and
Aches, from a hot Caufe, and' Acrimonious Humors,
and to give eafe in the Gout. A Cataplafm made of
the boiled Herb, is faid to be good ( being applied )
to difeufs hard Iwellings in the Throat.

XVI. Not a. This Herb is uled as a Pot-herb, or
rather boiled for a Sailer, (as they boil Spjnage)
and fo to be eaten with Butter and Vinegar, Pepper
and Salt, in which way it proves very grateful to a
hot Stomach. And the Seed drunk with Mead to
j. Dram, is good againft the Yellow Jaundice : and
Matthiv/us lays, it purges both upwards and down-
wards.

CHAP. XXVI.

Of the Common Greater Wild
A R A C *H.

I. / 1 v H E Names. It is called in Greek,

A dy&M p-i}dhn : In Latin , Atriplex Jylveftns

vulgatior

Salmon V ‘Herbal Lib. L

vulgatior finuat a major ■, Atriplex Syhefris major:
and in Englif. '•>, The Common Greater Wild Arrach.

^ II. The Kinds. It is the firlt Species of the Wild
Kind, which Wild Kind, is, i. Greater, the Subject
of this Chapter. 2. Lefler. 3. Narrow-leaved, Efc.

III. The Delcription. It has a Root fomewhat Long.
1 1 Cody, and Fibrous, perifhing Yearly , from whence
Jf rings up flrong , round hard Stalks and Branches ,
with large Leaves on them , like thofe of the Garden ,
but not J'o broad, or pointed at the Bottoms, yet much
waved or/cut in on the edges, and of a dirty, mealy,
green Colour : the tops of the Branches are repleat
with long f pikes of Chafiy Husks, out of which come
Jmall ye llowifh green Flowers , which afterwards give
fmall blackifb Seed, like unto Fur flane.

iv. There is another of tb/s larger Kind, but it is
lower, and leffer in every part ■, it is alfo narrower,
and a little waved on the edges, and pe rifling every
Tear, as the former does.

V. The Places. It is found by Hedge and Ditch
fides, and often times on or near Dunghills in molt
places of this Kingdom.

VI. The Times. It Flowers in June and July, and
the Seed Ripens in the mean time • and if the Year
is warm, it is fometimes in Flower in May.

VII. The 'Vitalities. It is cold and moift m the
fecond Degree : Alterative, Attenuating, Digeftive,
Lmolhenr, and Cleanfing : and in its appropriations
is Hyfterick, and Arthritick.

VIII- She Specification. It is a peculiar refnedy
againlt an Eryfipelcts , or Ignis Sacer , as they call it ■
and Fits of the Mother.

IX. T he Preparations, i. The Seed, in Ponder.
1. A Juice. ;. An E/Jence. 4. A Syrup. A Cata-
plajht. 6. The Balfttm .

The Virtues.

X. T he Seed. Given from half a dram, to a dram
and half, hi Ponder, in Ale, Mead, or Wine, it pur-
ges upwards and downwards, troubles the Stomach

and Bowels, evacuates Choler, and is helpful in'the
Yellow Jaundice.

XI. The Juice. It is an effectual thing againlt all
forts of Iniiamations in what part of the Body fo-
ever ; and injefled up the Womb, with a Womb-
Syringe, it is prevalent againlt Fits' of the Mother:
Bathed on an Eryftpelcu and Cloths dipt therein,
being alfo laid thereon, it is faid to cure that Dil-
eale.

XII. The E [fence. It cleanfes the Womb of its
filth, is good againlt Vapors, and Fits of the Mo-
ther, and a vehement heat of the Stomach. Dofa
from j. ounce to ij. ounces, mixt with White Port
Wine.

XIII. The Syrup. It opens Obftruftions of the
Lungs, and if timely given, helps an Empyema, or
Infiamation of the Lungs, and Hyfterick Dileafes,
cooling the heat of Lult. Dole from j. to ij. oun-
ces.

XIV. The Cataphfm. It abates Mamations, and
?ufes the Gout, and other Pains proceeding from a
hot Caufe. It gives eafe alio in a violent hot Me-
grim or Head-ach.

XV. The Balfam. It removes an Inflammation in
Wounds and Uicets, cools, cleanfes, and diipofes
them to healing, being a good Vulnerary.

C I-I A P. XXVII.

Of lie Leffer Wild A R A C II.

1. '-pf/£j\ tunes. It is called in Greek ,

X dyvet u-iKeJ. : in Latin, Atrip/ex Syveftris
parva: in Eng/ifh, Wild Arach, the lefs.

II. T be Kinds. The leffer Wild Arach is three-
fold, 1 . K arrow Leaved. 2. Berry-bearing. 3 . Broad
Leaved. I. The Narrow Leaved , is, 1. Atriplex
Sylveftris anguft folia. Narrow Leaved Wild Arach.

2. Atriplex Sylvefris anguftifolia altera. Another
kind of Narrow Leaved. II. Atriplex baccifera ru-
bra, Red Berry-bearing Arach. Ill, Atriplex Syl-

Chap. 28, E ngHfh 'Herbs, 39

vc jins latifolia minor , five, Fes Anferinus , The lel-
fer Wild Broad Leaved Arach , or Goofe hoot •,
whole Defcriptlon, Virtues, Ffic. you may fee in
Chap. 1 1 2. folloWing. This lalt Broad Leaved kind
is called Minor, in refpeO: it is Recounted of the
Idler Kind, and is Idler than the Great Broad Kind,
deferibed in the former Chapter.

III. The Defcriptions. T he firft , Narrow Leav’d
Wild Arach, has a long f lender Root , with many
brings coming from it , from whence ri/es up one
pretty large Stalk , with many large Branches on it,
all over Mealy or Sandy, with a grecnifh gray or
white SandineJ's, ns alfo are the Leaves : the Leaves
grow ftngle, and are placed irregularly up and down
the Branches, they are long and narrow, almoft like
the Leaves of Hydropiper, or Looftrife, but that they
are fhorter and narrower, not dented on the edges,
fet at the joints, fmooth, and pointed at the ends :
The Stalks and Branches Jhoot up into long Spiky
Heads, of green yellow F lowers, not much unlike to
the great broad kind in the former Chapter , and the
Seed like the fame alfo.

IV. The other Narrow Leav’d Arach of the leffer
kind, is not much unlike to the former, but every
tvay leffer, and the Leaves narrower, mofily fmooth
on the edges, and pointed, but fometime fome of
them are divided or jagged, or a little notched, for
which reafon Lobei called it, Atriplex Sylveltris po-
lygoni aut Helxines folio. The Stalks, Flovoers and
Seed, are alfo like the former.

V. The Red Berry-bearing Arrach, is a Wild Ar-
rack alfo in Spain ^ but with us it's Nurs'd up in
Gardens : It is an Elegant Plant, having a Root fmall
and Fibrous, and perifhing after Seed time, whence

■ comes divers fender Branches fomewhat Woody, a-
bout a Foot high , more or lefs, (according as the place
where it grows, and the goodnefs of the Ground will
produce, for all the Kinds of Araches, both Garden
and Wild, delight to grow in a Fat, Rank Soil, cl* on
Dunghills, Sic. ) from thefe Stalks and Branches come
forth fmall corner'd Leaves , not much unlike to the

Broad Leav'd Wild Arach in the former Chapters,
fet at the joints one above another and at every of
the faid joints with the Leaves, which ft and upon
Foot-falks, even from the lowefi Leaves, near the
Root, ft an as a fmall Red Berry , Clufler fafhion, that
is like to a Bramble or Dew Berry, Clear, and alrnofi
Tranf parent, with many fmall Grains in it, and full
of an admirable Juice, as Red as Blood, or deep Red
Wine, which being bruifed upon the back of the
Hand, while it is frefh, will feem as if you had
drawn Blood out thereof-, which Berry being dry grows
blackif), and contains in it fmall blackifh Seed, out
of which this very Beautiful Plant will fpring up e-
very Tear of its own accord, if fuffered tofhed.

VI. The Places. The two firft grow by Walls,
old Hedges, Ditch fides, and Dunghills, in almoft
all places throughout the Kingdom : the Berry -bear-
ing is Wild in Spain, from whence being brought
to us, it is planted and nourifhed up in Gardens.

VII. The Times. They all Flower in the Summer
Months, 4s May, June, July, and Augufi, the Seed
continually ripening in the mean Seafon.

VIII. The Qualities. Thefe Wild kinds are not fo
Cold and Moift as the former, not exceeding the
hrft Degree. They are Abfterfive, Attenuating, E-
mollient, and Alterative 5 dedicated, as the others,
to the Womb and Joints.

IX. The Specification. They are proper againft
Wounds and Ulcers, the Gout, Pains and Aches,
proceeding from a hot Caufe.

X. The Preparations. There are made thereof,

1. A Ponder of the Seed. 2. A Juice. 3. An E fence.

4. A DecoUion. 5. A Syrup. 6. A Cataplafm. 7. A
Bafiam. 8. The Juice of the Berries of the Red
Berry- bearing.

The Virtues.

XI. The Ufes of all thefe Preparations are the
fame with thofe in the two aforegoing Chapters,
and therefore to them we refer you * thefe Herbs 1
having the fame Virtues and Properties, but not full
out fo Cold and Moift.

XII. The Berries of the Red Berry -bearing Arach .
The Beauty of the Juice is admirable ■, but what
Phyfical Virtues it may have is not fo fully known :
being given inwardly to j. dram, or more, in Red
Wine or Alicant, it is good againft Spitting Bloody
Pilfing Blood, or the Bloody Flux : The Juice be-
ing inipiflated and reduced to a Pouder, is good to
ftop Bleeding outwardly : and inwardly given, it
flops the overflowing of the Loches, or the Terms
in Women, and ftrengthens the Womb. Doubtlefs
out of it there may be made feveral glorious Pig-
ments, or Limning Colours, for the ules of Limners,
Painters, &c. Dole of the inlpilfate Juice is halt a
dram, or more, in any proper Vehicle.

CHAP. XXVIII.

Of Stinking ARACH.

I. '~1*' H E Names. It Is called in Greek, ’A

JL JWtt/tff : in Latin, Atriplex feetida : and by
Cordus, Garofmos ( becaule it fmells like Stinking
Fifh) from Pifcis whence comes i-e.
Li qu amen feu fanies Pifcium .- alfo, Tragium Ger-
manic urn-, and by Pena and Lobei, Atriplex feetida
garum olens :■ It fmells more ltinking than the
Ram, or Male Goat •, and therefore, fays Gerard,
fome have called it by a Figure, Vulvaria : in Englifh
it is called, Stinking Arach,

'll

Jtin&iva
- Jraelf

III. The Defcription. It bar a Knot confifiw g oj
feveral long Branches , fillei with many Thready
firings, from whences rifes up one or more feeble
Stalks , which lye flat upon the Ground, it being but
a f mall low Plant ; and from thofe Stalks come forth
many weak and feeble Branches, upon which grow
very f mall Leaves , almofi round, yet a little Pointed,
without Cut or Lent, in Jhape not much unlike to
Baftl, of a Greyifb Colour, Sprinkled over with a cer-
tain kind of Dufiy Air pimp's, or like to very fmall
White Sand : among which Leaves, here and there
confifed/y , are the Seeds difperfed, which can be li-
kened to nothing but Dufi and AJhes. The whole
Plant is of a mofi Loathfom Savor or Smell, not much
differing from that of old Rotten fifh, or Something
viorfe. It perifhes in Winter, and rifes yearly again
from its own Sowing.

IV. The Places. It grows naturally upon Dunghills,
and other the molt filthy places that may be : fome-
times it is found in places like Brick-kilns, and old
Walls, and near the Emptying places of Ordure
or Dung ; but the cleannefs of the Ground may
in fome meafure alter its Smell, which, as fome
fancy, may be like old Rotten Cheefe : but that
which grows in its natural place, fmells like abo-
minable Stinking Fid), whence came the name Ga-
rofmos, as is before declared.

V. The Times. It is an Annual fpringing Plant,
Flowers in June and July, and, The Seed is ripe pre-
sently after, at what time it perifhes, and rifes' a-
gain of irs own Seed ; fo that if it is once gotten
into a Ground, it is not eafie to be deftroyed, or
rooted out again.

VI. The Qualities. It is Cold and Moift in the
firft Degree ; is Alterative, Cleanling and Emol-
lient-; and is chiefly Hyfterick, or appropriated to
the Womb.

VII. The Specification. It is a pure Antihyfterick,
curing Vapors, and Fits of the Mother, arifing ftom
almolt what Caufe foever.

VIII- The Preparations. You may have from ir,
I. A DecoSton. 2. A Juice. A. An KJJence. a. A Sy-
rup. 5. A Saline Tin fire. 6. An Injeflion. 7. A_
Calaplafm. 8. Alt Ointment, or B n] am.

IX. The Decottton. If made in Wine, and drunk
from three ounces to fix, it quells hot Vapors ari-
iing from the Stomach to the Head : if made in
Water, it cools the Stomach and Womb, being in-
wardly taken, and outwardly injeaed with a Womb
Syringe.

X. The Juice. It may be taken from j. ounce
to lj. ounces, or more : It cleanles the Womb if it
IS foul, and flrengchens it exceedingly ; it provokes
the Terms, repreffes Vapors admirably, and cures
Hyfterick hits : give it in a Glafs of White Port ■
and let the Patient fmell to it.

XI. The Effence. It makes Barren Women Fruit-
ful, provokes the Terms, if they be ftopt ; and
ltops them if they flow immoderately ; it facili-
tates the Birth, and brings away the After-birth, or
Dead Child : it is commended as an Univerfal Me-
dicine for the Womb, both eafily, fafely and fpeedi-
ly curing any Difeafe thereof; as Vapors arifing
from the foulnels of the Womb, or too great abun-
dance of Seed, Fits of the Mother, and the like.
Dofe from i. ounce to iij. ounces, in a Glafs of
White Wine, &e.

XII The Syrup. It has the Virtues of the Juice
and Ellence, but not full out lo powerful as either
of them, and therefore is to be given to more quea-
iie Stomachs. It is alfo ufed as a Vehicle to con-
vey the Juice or Effence down in : you may make
it with Sugar ; but for cleanling the Womb, it is
much better to be made with Honey. Dofe hi. or
iv. Spoonfuls. J'

XIII. The Saline TinOure. This is more power-
ful in cleaning the Womb, and reprefhng Vapors
and Hyfterick Fits, than either the Juice or Ellence’
and may be exhibited from j. dram to ij. drams’
either 111 the Sryup, or White Port Wine. Mixt
with equal parts of the Juice, it is good to fmell
to, in Vapors, and Mother Fits, for the ill Scent
thereof, caufes the Womb to fly from ir, or preci-
pitates the Vapors downwards: and being thus mix-
ed with the Juice, it is good againft the falling
down of the Womb, being call in with a Womb
Syringe -, it alfo kills Worms which breed in the
Sores or Ulcers of Horfes, or other Cattel.

XIV. The InjeSion. It is made of the Juice mix-
ed with equal parts of the Syrup, and Red Wine.
It deanfes Ulcers of the Womb, is good againft the
Whites, ftrengthens the Matrix, and is helpful a-
gainft its falling down.

XV. The Cataplafim. It is applied to the Share-
Bone in Women, in a Procidentia Uteri ; and gives
eafe in the Gout, or other Pains arifing from a hot
Caufe : applied to the Stomach, it repreffes Fits of
the Mother.

XVI. The Balfam. It cures Ulcers in the Womb,
and Privy Parts of Man or Woman, and is a Angu-
lar thing to give eafe in the Gout, being applied;
as alfo to cool and diflipate Inflamations.

CHAP. XXIX.

Of Sea A R A C H.

I- T' H E Names. It is called in Greek, ’Are^af/t
\ : in Latin , Alnplex marina ; and by

Label Xerampehm ; in Englifh, Sea Aracb, Marfh
Arach. II. The

Chap. 29.

II. T be Kinds. It is twofold, 1. Atrip/ex ma-
rina repens lutea , Yellow Creeping Sen Arach.
2. Atrtplex maritime artgufiifplut, Narrow Leav’d
Marlh Arach.

III. TheDefcription. The fir jl of lhefe has agree!
Root with many firings, which perijhes not every
Tear , and is of afaltijh Tafie, tho ’ it is bred up in
a Garden ; from whence comes forth fever al Stalks ,
lying in fome mcafure , and creeping upon the Ground,
with many White, hoary. Mealy or Sandy Branches,
and with White, Broad, Mealy or Sandy Leaves,
deep cut on the Edges, and Point ed,fet on them with-
cut any order, cut in on the Edges, near at the
Bottom, and pointed at the Ends, J'omcwhat like un-
to a f mall Gocfe-foot Leaf a at the top af the Bran-
ches grow divers fender, hoary, yellotmjh Spikes of
Seed, fet clofe together like Uttfler's : fometimes 1
have fee n it reddijh, like the Red Garden Arach,
and fometimes nothing fo Mealy, but rather Green.

ft Herbs.

fy* The other /and hag a Woody Root , with many
J mall firings from whence 'Jf rings forth a Woody and
noary Stalk, about a foot high , thread at the top into
many J mail Branches, /potted with black /pots, which
end in long yellow f pikes of Clufiering Seed, like the
former. The Leaves which grow below are jomewhat
long and narrow, about two Inches long, of a dark
g?een Colour, with fome Corners about the Edges,
which yet are f mailer and J mailer, as they grow
higher.

V; The Places. They grow in many parts of Eng-
land, by the Sea fhore, and Banks of Salt-water Ri-
vers, and Borders of Salt Marfhes, and in Marlh
Grounds, particularly at Queenbrotigh, at Kings-Lyn
in Norfolk, at Margate in the Ifle of The net, and
in many other places by the Sea fide. The firft
grows on the Sea Ihore near Little Holland in Efex,
and at Kings-Lyn in Norfolk , by the Banks of’ the
Creek, running out of the Haven by the South fide
ol the 1 own, where fome years fince I found it in
gieat plenty -, as alio in the Ifle of Me rfey, not far
from Colcbejler . The latter, Mr. Ray fays, grows
plentifully by the River, and on the Banks of the
Marfhes about Malden in Ejfex, and doubtlels in
many other the like places.

VI. The limes.. They Flower from the begin-
ning or June, all July and Auguft, even to Septem-
ber, and the Seed fuccelfivcly ripens in the mean
Seafon. *

The Qualities. It is Cold and Moift in the
nrlt Degree ; but fome Authors will have it to be
Pr7- Itis fometliing Cathartick, at leaftvvife So-
lutive, Diureiick, Abfterfive, Attenuating, Difcuf
live and Emollient • and is appropriated to the
Womb, Reins and Joints.

VIII. The Specijication. It is peculiar againft a
Polyjar cu , or a too great Flefhinels and Fatnefs of
the Body, and the Dropfie.

IX. The Preparations. You may prepare from it
1. A Juice. 2. An Ejjence. j. A Decotfion. 4. A
Syrup. 5. A Spirituous Tinflure. 6. A Saline Tin-
ttn-e. 7. An Oily Tintture. 8. A Cataplafm. 9. An
Ointment. 10. A half am.

Tthe Virtues.

X. The Juice. This bv reafon of its Saltnefs
does purge the Bowels, and habit of the whole Bo-
dy-, of Cold and Watry Humors, being taken from
j. ounce to iij. ounces, in the Broth of Fat Meat.

XI. The E fence. It is in property much like to
the Wild Araches j and being taken Morning and
Evening for fome time, it has been found prevalent
againft a Polyfarcia , or too great Corpulency, and
Bufk of Body 5 and preferves the Lungs from pu-
trefaction. Dofe from j. ounce to iij. ounces.

XII. The Decotfion in Wine. It has the Virtues

of fr*e Effence and Juice, but not full out fo power-
ful : it provokes Urine, and is good againft Gravel
and Stone. Dole from iij. to vj. ounces, Morning
and Evening. Q

XIII. The Syrup of the Juice. It cleanfes the
Lungs and Bowels, opens the Body ; ’tis Laid, that
there is not many better Medicines againft the Drop-
fie than this,- to take it to iv. ounces, or more, Morn-
ing and Evening -, I have proved ir. It alfo caufes
Leannefs in them who are too Fat, as experience
has manifefted.

XIV. The Spirituous TinUure. It ftrengthens the
Womb, and is good againft the Diieales thereof^
taken to ij. drams in Wine : mixed, half an ounce
of it at a time, with vi. or vij. ounces of the Deco-
Uion in Water, it cleanfes the Womb of the Whites
by injection-, and flops them.

XV. The Saline Tin Jure. It is a good Nephritick,

Cs and

S'1

Salmon V Herbal

and Diuritick, it opens the obftruUions of the Uri-
nary PaiTages, provokes Urine, and expels Sand.
Gravel, and gritty Scones, Dofe from j. dram to
aj. drams, in white Wine.

XVI. The Oily Tincture. It has the Virtues of.
the former taken inwardly, from vj. drops to xviij.
in white Port Wine-, but it is belt to be given in
a cold habit of Body : it opens obltruftions of the
Womb, and provokes the Terms.

XVII. The Cataplafm. The Herb Cut, Bruifed,
and Boil’d to a Cataplafm with Oatmeal , difculfes
outward cold Tumors, and gives eafe in the Gout.

XVIII. The Ointment. It is good to cool Inhu-
mations, and eafe Pains and Aches proceeding from
a hot Caufe: and is good to anoint on the Legs, to
dilcufs Hydropical Tumors.

XIX. The Bal [am. It is a good Vulnerary, abates
Inhumations in Wounds and Ulcers, cleanfes them
of their filth, makes them eafie, and in a little time
after heals them.

XX. The Correction By reafon this Herb isfom-
thing Flatulent, or apt to ftir up Wind, it ought to
be Corrected in its various preparations, as Juice
Clarified. , E (fence, Deco ft ion, and Syrup, with Ani-
feeds. Car r away s. Cloves, Eennell Seeds, Ginger,
Liquorice , Pepper, Zedoary, &c.

III. The pefeription. I he Greater broad Leav’d
Arrow-head, or Water Archer* as feme call it, has
a thick Bully Root with many fibres or Strings, from
whence comes forth fever al thick fquare and juicy
Stalks, with great broad green Leaves on the tops of
! 7 l dlYl-r a! tbe, hoU°mt into two long and poin-

the

CHAP. XXX.

Of A R R o W - H E A D.

'jfrron/cte<i3.:

I. T""' UE Naaer.lt is called in Greek , rW,* : In
A Latin, Sagitta, Sagittaria , Sagittalis \ And
in Eng/ifh Arrow-head.

II. T be Kinds. It is threefold, ru,dm uiy* .-
Magoptflana, PJjfanaMagoms, BarbaSylvana Cefal-
fini , Sagittaria major latifolia , the greater broad
Leav’d Arrow-head. 2, n mm Sagittaria Mi-
nor latifolia , the leffer broad Leaved Arrowhead.
3- Sagittaria AuguJUfo/ia, narrow Leav’d Arrow-
head.

(»/«, muiueu ai we Bottoms into two long and pi
ted parts, Jo that the whole form or Jkape oj nm
Leaf, is not much unlike the forked He'adoJ a Broad
Arrow, or one of the points of an Anchor, five that
the two points at the bottom are lotigcr-, which parts
Grow but alittle abovethe Waters wherein they Grow
whether deeper or Jhallower: from among luefe for-
mer Stalks, rife up other thick, round, Jpungy Stalks
two or three feet long , and higher than the Leaves
bearing divert rows of flowers at the Joynts, one a-
bove another, and for the mojl part three in a row
each of which iscompofed of three large white Leave's
with federal reddijh Threads in the miift, after
which comew, their places , round rough Burrs, which
are green when they are ripe, much like to thofc of
Sparganium, or the Burr Reed in which Burrs are
contained the Seed.

IV. The hfer Broad Leav'd fort has alfo a thick
and bufhy or ftnngy Root like the former, with broad
Leaves ft ending upon large Loot Stalks near two Feet
or more high , in jhape like the forme)-, but every way
leffer-, among which rifes up a fit and thick Stalk ,
fomething higher than the Leaves, having at the top
many pretty white Flowers, declining to a light Car-
nation, but yet lefs than the former, made alfo of

, three fnall Leaves, and in the middle of which are
feveral Reddijh Threads -, which being pafl, there
comes fever al Knobs or Burrs greater than the former
in which in like manner are contained the Seed. ’

V. The Narrow Leav'd Arrow-head has a fmall
and thready Root, from whence rifes up a tender foot
Stalk about Eighteen Inches high, at the top of which
are Leaves Jhaped like the former, except in their
length and narrownefs, not being above half the
breadth of the others , yet of their full length-, and
the two lower forked ones, are almofi as long as the
fore right Leaf ; the flowers and Burrs are alfo
leffer.

VI. The Places. They grow fometitnes altoge-
ther, fometimes apart in Watery Ditches, and Band-
ing Waters, in moll places throughout this King-
dom, particularly in the Ditches near the Walls of
Oxford ; by Chelmsford in EJfex in the Ditch near
St. Thomas’s Waterings not far from London ; and in
Ibme Ditches in St. George’s-Fie/ds , and not far from
Lambeth : The Narrow Leaved grows on the Thames
Shore by Lambeth Bridge, over againft xKzArch-
bifbop of Canterbury’s Palace : plentifully before the
Earl of Peterborough’s houfe, above the Horfe-Ferry
on Weftminfler Gde, 0V.

VII. The Times. They Flower generally in May
and June ; and the Burrs or Seed are ripe in the be-
gining or middle of Auguff.

VIII. The Vitalities. They are Cold in the foil
Degree, and Temperate in refpedt to drynefs or
moifture. They are alfo Alteratives , Aftringents ,
Abfterfives , Incarnatives , Glutinatives , and Trau-
maticks or Vulneraries; and appropriated to the
Spleen, Reins and Joynts.

IX. The Specification. I have had great Experi-
ence of the Virtues and Ufe of this Herb, and have
found it to be a peculiar Wound Herb, whether in-
wardly taken or outwardly apply’d; befides its fig-
nature befpeaks the very fame thing.

X. The Preparations. I have ufed it in its,

1 . Decollion. 2. Juice. 3. Ejfence. 4. A Spiri-
tuous TinJure. ;. A Saline f induce. 6. An Oily
TinSure. 7. An Ointment. 8. A Balfam. y. A Ce-
rate or Pmplafier. 10. A Cataplafm. 11. 4 Pon-
der of the Seed.

The

Chap. ji. 'EngUfh Herbs,

The Virtues.

XI. T be Decodion made in Wine, or half Wine,
half Water. It is a good Gargle for Sore 'Mouths,
and if a little Alum and Honey is diffolved in it, is
a lingular Medicine, lor a Thrufh in Children, and
to Gargle with for fore Throats in Elder Perfons:
and ufed as an Injection into the Womb, it is of
excellent u(e to cleanfethe Womb, and ftop the f lux
of the Whites : Inwardly taken from iij. to vj.
ounces, it is good to flop Fluxes of the Bowels
and Fluxes of Blood, whether by the Mouth, Urine
or Stool : and ufed as a Diet Drink, it is good for
Wounded Perfons, and fuch as have running Ulcers,
and Fittula’s about them.

XII. The Juice. It flops fpitting of Blood, and
is good againlt the Bloody Flux taken from ij.
Spoonfuls ro vj. in a Glafs of Red Wine or Claret
twice or thrice a day : it contributes alfo to the heal-
ing of all forts of Wounds, whether inward or
outward : and bathed upon an Eryfipelcu abates its
heat.

XIII. The E (fence. It is a Angular Traumatick
taken from j. ounce to iij. ounces twice a day, in
the DecoUion, or a Glafs of Wine : It not only
caufes Wounds fuddenly to heal, but wonderfully
promotes the healing of all running Sores, Cacoe-
thick Ulcers and Filtula’s where or whatfoever. It
is drying, binding, and Aftringent, flops Fluxes,
abates InHamations, flops Fluxes of Blood, pilling
Blood, Catarrhs, and Conlumprions.

XIV. The Spirituous TinSure. It has the Vir-
tues of the former, but is belt to be exhibited in a
cold habit of Body fro j. to iij. drams, ©V.

XV. The Saline TinUure. It powerfully opens
Obftru&ions of the Spleen, Reins, Womb, and
Urinary Palfages, carries off the Ficulencies in Ca-
cochymick habits of Body, and which fupply old
running Sores, putrid Ulcers, and Cacoethick Fiftu-
la’s, with the evil and malign Matter which keeps
them from Healing : it diffolves Gravel, and expels
Sand and Tartarous Slime out of the Reins and
Bladder. Dofe from j. dram to ij. drams.

XVI. The Oily TinUure. It cafes the Spleen, ex-
pels Wind, provokes Urine, and is good againft
Wounds or Ulcers of the Reins or Bladder: Out-
wardly poured upon Wounds of the Nerves it
heals them. Dofe from vj. drops to xvj. drops.

XVII. The Ointment. It allays InHamations
chiefly in Wounds, heals Green Wounds; and has
an abfterfive faculty in cleanfmg old Sores and fetid
Ulcers.

XVIII. The Balfim. It cures Wounds by the
felt Intention, where they are Ample. But where
they are Contufed, or Complex, it brings them to
digeftton, and afterwards by its abfterflve property
cleanles the Ulcer, then incarnates, and heals after
an admirable manner : it alfo dilculfes InHamations
In the beginning, and in time refolves them.

XIX. The Cat aplafm. It is good to allay Pains
proceeding from a hot Caufe in what part of the
Body foever ; and I have often found it to give eafe
in the hot Gout, and other Joynt-Aches. It is fom-
thing repercullive, more efpecially if it is apply’d
cold, which is belt to be done, when it is ufed to
a Contuflon or Blow upon a Bone, as the Forehead ;
it hinders the riAng of the Tumor, repeicuffes the
juices which would flow thither, and prevents its
blacknefs.

XX. The Cerate or Emplafier. It Cures Green
Wounds, cieanfes, and heals old Sores and Ulcers,
and Alls up Wounds and Ulcers with Flefh. It is
drying, aftringent and ftrengthning, good to be ap-
ply d to weak Backs, or feeble Joynts, and places

AffliUed with Pains and Aches, from a Flux of Hu-
mors, orover-ftrainiug of the Part through any Vi-
olence or Force put upon it.

XXI. The Fonder of the Seel. Being drunk in
White Wine from j. dram to a dram and a half, it is
faid to cure the Falling-Acknefs, and help other Di-
feafes of the Head and Brain : it is prevalent alfo a-
gaiuft the Dropfle, carrying off the Morbiflck Matter
by Urine; and is found by experience to be good a-
gainft Sand, Gravel and Tartarous Slime in the
Reins, and Urinary PafTages. Being ftrowed over
Wounds, Sores or Ulcers Inflamed, it takes away
the Inflamation, and fo does the Pouder of the
Leaves: and kills Worms in Children.

CHAP. XXXI.

Of Mild or Spotted A R S M A R T.

L 'T f HE Names. It may be called in the Greek,
X Tu^yJeja. a misias from the Peach Tree, its
Leaf being like to a Peach Leaf : In Latin, Per-
ficaria , and by fome Plumbago : \n EngUfh, Mill
or Spotted Arfmart, and Peach-Wort.

II. The Kinds. There are two Principal Kinds.
I . Perjtcaria macuhfa Attglicd , in Englijh, Spotted
ArJ'mart, leffer and greater. 2. Perficana maculojii
Virginiana, The Virginian Spotted Arfmart, which
is alfo twofold, with White Colored and Flefh-
Colored Flowers,

III. The Defcriptions. The firft of thefe has a
long Root with many threads and firings thereat,
from whence rifes up fever al Jointed Stalks, fmooth
round and hard, of a light green or reddifh Color ,
efpecially at the Joynts , which are manifold: from
whence firings feveral fmooth long Leaves , almofi
Peach fajhioned (whence came the name Peach-wort^
broad towards the Foot Stalk , after declining Pyra-
midally to a Point, being even on the edges without
any cut or dent , and having thereon (for the mofi
part) a leaden Colored or dark Spot, in form of an
G 2 half

44

Salmons Herbal. ' Lib. I.

half Moon , or Semicircular. The flowers grow in
long f piked Cl lifers upon long Stems, either blewijh
or whitijh , or whitifl red ; after which , conies a
fm all, blackijh , bromnifl, or redifl Colored flat Seed:
the whole Plant bar no 'hot, Jhtirp, or biting Tafie
with it, as Ku the Hidropiper, or the biting Arfmart,
in the next Chapter-, but rather almoft jhwerijh like
Sorrel, cooling and drying, or elfe almoft without
'1 a fie The Greater is like the former in all ref pells,

hut the Stalks, leaves. Spikes, and Seed are every
way much larger.

IV’. Thcjirft fort of the while flowered Virgini-
an Arfmart, has a woody Root confifting of a great
buff) of long black firings or threads, wieh Penjh not
Tearl} , but abide, tho the Stalks with the Leaves may
die away, and Spring again the next Year : from this
Root rifes up fevcral bard round green Stalks with
many great Joy ms on them as the other has-, and fair,
large, broad, dark, blewijh , green, fmooth Edged, and
long pointed Leaves, f potted oftentimes dike our Eng-
rilh or Common fort before deferibed, and fometimes
without fpots, many of them fix inches long and bet-
ter, and three inches and a half broad, with fevcral
Compofing Veins rifling front the middle Rib, and others
lefs and tranfuerje -, at the tops of the Stalks, and
from the Joynts with the Leaves, Spring Branches
of f piked while Homers, like clofe Grains as in the
other, but greater, and fucceeiei by black and flat
flining Seed.

V. The fecond fort of blujh or flefh Colored Virgi-
nian Arfmart, has alfoa like woody Root, thick, with
many f ibres at it, but greater and more Woody than
ri:c former, from whence Springs up firaight round
Stalks, much higher than the laft, with much larger
and narrower Leaves, marked a/fo ofentimes with
Spots in the like manner , andoften alfo without thofe
Spots : this alfo has many more Branches of Flowers,
which are much fhorter Spikes.gr bob Spikes, and very
much thicker Jet with fine blujh Colored, or flefl-
Colored f lowers, much larger than the former, which
gives alfo much the like Seed, but in greater plen-

ty-

VI. The Places. The Leffer and Greater Eng/ijh
forts grew by the fides of Rivers and Ditches ; the
Lefler almoft every where both in Handing and run-
ning Waters, and in fuch places as are many times
wet in Winter, and dry in Summer, and in other
moift Grounds in molt parts of this Kingdom, where
it may many times be gotten almoft in Cart Loads.
The Larger fort has- been found in great plenty, in
the Lands and Furrows of Ueiington Field above
St. Bartholomews Hofpital, half a Mile from Ox-
ford. The Virginian Kinds are only to be had with
us in our Gardens , nourifhed up by fuch as are Curi-
ous.

VII. The Times. The Englijh Arfmarts Flower
only in June and July -, and their Seed is ripe in
Augnfi : But the Virginian Kinds Flower with us
much later, and fcarcely perfect their Seed here.

V III. The Qualities. They are cold and dry in
the Kilt Degree : Alteratives, Altringents, Incralfa-
tives , ReperculEves , Glutinatives, Anodyns, and
Traumaticks or Vulneraries: Allb Hyftericks and
Arrhriticks.

V£. The Specification. Its peculiar property is
in curing of uounds, and healing old running Sores
and Ulcers.

X. The Preparations. There are taken from it
I. The Green Leaves. 2. The Dijiil/ed Water. 3!
’The Mixture. The Juice. 5. The E fence.

6. The Ointment. 7. TkeBalfam. 8. The Cal a-

fliflm.

The Virtues.

XI. The Green Herb. Authors fay, that if a
handful of Arfmart wet in Water, and appiy’d for
fome time to a Wound, or Sore, and afterwards
Buried in moift Ground, or under a Stone as the
Herb rotts, fo the Sore will Miraculoully "heal.
And being put on Horfes or other Cattels Sores"
’twill drive away Flies in Summer time.

XII. The Difi tiled Water. Being mixt with a
half part of Aqua Vita, and bathed on any pained
place for a Week, more or lefs ; it will perfeHly
take away the pain.

XIII. The Mixture. Take the Difii/led Water,
Ox Gall, OH of Spike, of each equal parts, mix them
well together by flaking them in a Glafs. This
anointed upon anyplace troubled with the Gout,
and a Flanel dipt in the fame, being alfo appiy’d’
takes away the pain thereof.

XIV. The Juice. If therewith any old running
Sore, or old Ulcer, is conftantly walhed, ir cleanfes
and heals it: it is alfo excellent to be put into
Diet Drinks for Wounded Perfons, and fuch as
have old and running Sores upon them : and walh-
ing the Sores of Beafts therewith, it keeps Fties from
them.

XV. The Effence. It is more powerful than the
Juice, and is more ufeful to all Intentions, heal-
ing alfo much more outwardly, being appiy’d.

XVI. The Ointment. It is excellent againft all
hot Swellings and Inflamations in any part of the
Body, efpecially being appiy’d in the beginning,
being fomthing Reperculhve: it alfo allays Infta-
mations in Wounds and Ulcers, and eafes pains pro-
ceeding from a hot Caufe.

XVII. The Balfam. Being made of th eBruifed
Herb boiled in Oil Olive, and made into a Balfam
with Turpentine and Wax, It heals all fortsof green
Wounds wonderfully; it cools, drysandheals; and
therefore is good for putrified Sores, and running
Ulcers, whether in Man or Beaft, cleanfing purify^
ing, incarnating them, and healing them.

XVIII. The Cataplafm. The Herb beaten with Rue
and Wormwood, and heat very hot in a Frying-Pan,
and appiy’d to the Bowells, as hot as can been-
dured, in a Cholick, it gives prefent eafe to a
Wonder.

CHAP. XXXII.

Of Hot or Biting A R S M A R T.

I- 'T' H E Mantes. It is called in the Greek,
-I- '~r SgjTimu- In Latin, Hydropiper , Piper
Aquatic um , Perficaria non mac flat a, Perficaria
Vrens, vel, Mordax: Angulara calls it Crataogo-
non ; and lonie call it, Zinziber Caninum : in Eng-
lifl: Hot or Biting Arfmart , Water Pepper and
Peach-Wort, or Lake-Weed.

II. The Kinds. It is the lecond general Species
of Arfmart or Peach-wort , and is, 2. Hydropiper ,
feu Perjicaria acris vulgaris minor , the Common
Leffer Biting Arfmart. 2. Perficaria acris Virginia
ana, the Virginian Biting Arfmart , or Hidropiper.

III. The Defcription. The firft or Englifh fort,
has a Root fomwhat long , with many Fibres thereat
which as well as the rejl of the Riant, is of a very
Jharp and quick Tajie , biting the Tongue more than
Pepper, from whence fprings forth a Jointed crooked
Stalk, not fo High nor fo Great as the former Mild
Kind, but with a greater ftore of Branches and Leaves

fome-__

Chap, i

in

45

fomewhat like unto Peach Leaves , but much lefjer
and narrower ; they are alfo long , but fomewhat nar-
rower than thofe of the Mild. AsGnart, and without
any [pots at all , yet fometimes they have been found
with redifh Marks upon them. The Stalks are about
a Loot and half high , round , fnooth and Jointed ,
zo/7fr a kind of Knee at each Joint : at the greater
Joints , (W well towards the tops of the Stalks and
Branccs , tfj- at the tops alfo , come forth fmall fpiky
heads of blufh or readifh Colored , and fometimes
more red or white Flowers Mixed, clujlering together,
which falling away , comes little blackifh Seed ,

fomewhat broad or flatifh and fometimes of a reddifh
yellow Color-, of a hot and biting Tafe, (as is all
the ref of the Plant ) aim of like unto Pepper, whence
came the name of Water Pepper; but the Herb it felf
is without any fmclL

IV. The Virginian Kind is in moft things , as its
Roots , Stalks , Branches , Joints , Leaves , iW

/rx /i/fc our Englifh fo/iw Defcribed , and dif-
fers only in the form of the Flowers growing , and
their Color , growing on tnore fender and long

fpikes , tfW their Color being white.

V. Places. ■ Hydropiper grows almoft every
where, throughout the Kingdom, in moift and was-
try Places, and near unto Rivers and Ditch-Iides,
Handing plalhy Waters , running Brooks and fuch
like. The latter has been brought out of Virgi-
nia, and is nourilhed up with us in Gardens.

VI. The Mimes. They Flower in June and July,
to Augufl, and the Seed is Perfe&ed or Ripe not
long after •, yet it is to be obferved the Virginian
Kind Flowers fomething later here, and therefore
its Seed is fomewhat later Ripe.

VII. The Qualities. Hydropiper is hot and dry
in the fourth Degree. It Incides, Attenuates, opens,
and is Diuretick, and Emmenagogick, and by Ap-
propriation is Cephalick, Neurotick, Hyfterick and
Nephritick.

VIII. The Specification. It is known by manifold

and large Experience to be a peculiar Plant againft
Gravel and Stone, whether -in Reins or Bladder.

IX. The Preparations. The Shops keep only,
i. The Dryed Herb. But you may prepare there-
from, 2. The D filled Water- ?. The Juice. 4.
Ihe t (fence. 5. I be Oil. 6. The Ointment . 7.
The Cataplafm. 8. The Root, an\l Seed.

The Virtues .

X. The Herb. It is hot and dry, ufed chiefly in
Wounds, hard Tumors and inveterate Ulcers. Some
ufe it in the Tranlplantation of Dileafes, and re-,
moving of Inchantments. The Green Herb ftrew-
ed in a Chamber, is laid to kill all the Fleas ; and
a good handful put under a Horfes Saddle, will
make him go briskly, altho’ half tyred before.

XI. The Lift'd led. Water. It is a Specifick againft
Stone and Gravel in both Reins and Bladder, and has
cured to admiration when all other things in the
World has failed; and fo great things have been
fome hundreds of times experimented of this Ample
Lift tiled Water, which feem to be even Miraculous,
it performing what much reputed greater Medica-
ments cannot do: I write not this from my own Ex-
perience only, which in this cafe is very confidera-
ble, but we have alfo the Suffrage of very Great
and Learned Men, as to the lame thing. And this
thing I would have to be noted. That in any of
my Books, wherefoever I have mentioned Perjica-
ry or Arfmart Water, either Amply or with other
Preparations againft the Stone, Gravel, &fc. I always
in all thofe places, intend the Water of thisprefent
Herb, of which we now Ipeak, viz. Hydropiper , or
Biting Arfmart.

XII. .The Juice. Given to j. ounce in White
Port Wine it provokes the Terms, facilitates the
Birth, and brings away the After-Birth ; and given
in yj. or viij. ounces of the Diftilled Water , it pro-
vokes Urine, and opens obftructions of the Urinarv
Paffages.

XIII. The Effence. It has the Virtues of the Juice,
comforts the Head, Nerves, Stomach, Lungs, Womb,
and Reins, provokes the Terms, and cauies a good
Digeftion, eafes pains of the Gout from a cold Caufe,
waifs and confumes liiperhuous Humors in any part,
and is admirable againft all cold and moift Difeafes
of the Brain, Nerves and Wofnb, as Fallingfick-
nefs. Vertigo, Lethargy, Apoplexy, P-allie, Me-
grim, Barrennels, Etc. and made into a Syrup with
Honey it is a good Peftoral. Dofe ij. drams.,

XIV. T. be Oil. It diffolves and difeufles all cold
Swellings, Scrophulous and Scirrhous Tumors
Quinfies, Congealed Blood, Pleurilies, Efc.

XV. The Ointment. It is good againft Bruifes
in any part, and prevails againft Oedema’s, and
other cold Tumors of the Joints, Kings’ Evil Swel-
injg, and Kernels in Neck and Throat.

XVI. The Cataplafm. It prevails againft Contu-
fions, hindering putrifaffion ; and applyed to a
Fellon or Whitloe, it takes away the Pain almoft
prefently, and in a fhort time after cures it.

XVII. The Root and Seed. Either the Root or
Smlbruifed and applyed to an Aching Tooth, gives
prefent eafe, and in Ihort time after perfectly cures
it : Put into a hollow Tooth, it does alfo the
lame thing.

C HA P,

©

I. '"p HE Names. It is called by the Arabians ,
-L Afaron ; in Greek, 'lAcm(yvj Netf<r©- dyeict-
in Latin, Afarum , Nardus Sylveftris, , Nardus Rufli-
ca ( becaufe of its Aromatick or Sweet Smell • ) by
Macer, Vulgago , as by his Verfe, Eft Afaron Greece,
Vulgago diffa Latine quod Vulgam vel Bu/gam feu
Ventrem move at : and in Eng/ijh , Afarabacca. I fup-
pofe our Enghft) Name came by a mi hake, taking
this Plant 'for Baccharis or Plowmans Spicknard ,
which it is not ; and fo out of the two names, of
Afaron and Baccharis , they made the name ok Afa-
rabacca. Others thought Afarton and Baccharis to
be one Plant, and .&> compounded the name out of
them both , and called it Afarabaccara , as it is cal-
led in Spain at this day.

II. The Kinds. It is twofold, i. Garden. 2. Wild.
of which in the next Chapter. The Garden kind is
alfo twofold, i .Afar urn horror urn Vulgar e, Common
Garden Afarabacca. 2. Afarum Virgimanum , Vir-
ginian Afarabacca.

jfsATCLhaccCL .

III. The Defcriptions. Our Common Garden Afa-
rabacca has J mall Roots , and wbitifh, fpreading many
ways in the Ground, and increafing into divers Heads,
but not running or creeping under Ground, rut many
other creeping Herbs do ■, they are fweet in Smell ,
rejembling Spicknard, but more when they are dry,
than when green, and of ajharp, but not unpleafant,
tajte : jrom thefe Roots rife up many Heads, from
whence comes many fmooth Leaves, every one upon
his own Loot -ft a Ik, which are fmoolher, rounder, and
bigger than Violet Leaves , thicker alfo, and of a
darker green fining colour on the upper fide, and of
a paler yellow green underneath, little or nothing
dented about the edges -, from among which, rife up
roftnd, hollow, brownifh, green Husks, upon
Stalks of about an Inch long, divided at the brims
mb five diviftons, very like the Cups or Heads of

the Henbane Seed, but that they are f mailer : and
thefe are all the Llower it hen, which being fmelPd
unto, are fomewhat fweet ■ and wherein, when they
are ripe, are contained fmall covered rough Seeds
very like the Kernels or Stones of Grapes or Rai-
fins.

1^ • T7;<? Virginian Afarabacca, grows very like the
former ■ but ,/s Roots ore fomewhat greater , and
fuller of fubfiance, Spreading in the fame manner ,
and Jomething more fragrant, and a link hot in
tajte, hung a little the Tongue: Tom this Root
Springs up the Leaves as the former, but they are
a pretty deal larger, Jlijf alfo, and thick, fomewhat
crumpled about the edges, of a dark green colour
and not fo much Jhtning as the former ; nor yet fo
round, but a little pointed at the end, very much re-
jembling the flat Jhape of an Heart ■, feme of winch
Leaves mil be Spotted or jlraked. The Flowers have
but three dwijions or points, and of a paler green
colour.

V. The Places. The fiift grows naturally Wild
under the (hades of Trees, and upon (hady Hills in
Pom us, Phrygia, and other places of rheEalt: The
other grows Wild in Virginia ; but they are both of
them Nurft up in Gardens with us ; of which the
hrlt is very common.

VI. The Times. They both keep their Leaves
green all the Winter, but (hoot forth new in the
Spring ; and with them come forth thofe Heads or
flowers, which give ripe Seed about Mtdfummer ■
or in July or Auguft, whofe Seed is ripe not long
alter : but their Roots and Leaves are gathered in the
Spring.

VII. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the
fecond Degree, or rather in the third. They Open
Incide, Attenuate, and Refolve, and are Cathartick’
Emetick, andDiuretick ; and are appropriated to the
Head, Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Reins, Womb and
Joints.

VIII. The Specification. It is a peculiar remedy

tor the Dropfie, Jaundice and Gout = as alfo for Agues
of all forts. °

IX. The Preparations. In the Shops there are
The Roots in Ponder. 2. The Leaves in Wine

?, An Infufton. 4. A DecoSion. y. An Extra 3.
6. An Ejjence , 7. Jhiafarum Fernelij, an FJechiary
8. A Saline TinUure 9. An Oil by Info/at, on.
ro. ACalaplafm. u. The Juice. 12. JtConferve.

The Virtues.

X. The Roots. They Vomit, working both up-'
wards and downwards, but not fo Ilrongiy as the
Leaves . Dole from half a dram to j. dram in Pou-
der : Being given in White Wine, a little before the
lit of an Ague, it takes away the lhaking Fir, and
thereby caufes the hot Fit to be more remifs and
m twice or thrice taking, it is laid to cure it, whe-
ther it is Quot id, an, Tort tan or Qitartan. Diofcorides
fiith, that vj. drams of the Root in infhfion iii honied
water, being drunk, powerfully provoke the Terms -
I fear the Dofe is very much too large in fubfiance"
lij. or iv. drams may beinfufed in the Mead andfo
dnmk 1 Parhnfon fays, it will work like Black Hel-
lebore It is good alfo againft the Bitings of Ser-
pents, and other Venomous Creatures. The Pouder
the finer it is, the more it purges by Vomit and
Urine •, the coarler it is, the more it purges by

Dofe j. dram in Pouder, as Authors fay.

XI. The Leaves. Wine being made of the Leaves,
by Iteeping them therein, is an Emetick, and pro-
vokes Urine, as Diofcorides faith, eafes the Pains of
the Stone, and an old Sciatica, and is profitable a-
gainft Dropfies. Mefue fays, it not only Vomits
but works downwards, and by Urine alfo, purging

both

Chap. 34, 'Englifi Herbs.

47

both Choler and Flegm, but it purges Flegm more
maniieftly than Choler. It wonderfully helps the
Obftrufl'dns of the Liver and Spleen, and therefore
is excellent againlt the Dropfie and Y ellow Jaun-
dice, and ftubborn Agues, which come from plenty
of Evil Humors. You may tteep 6, 7, 8, or 9, of
the Leaves in Wine for one Dofe, according as the
Age and Strength of the Patient may be, and repeat
it twice or thrice a Week.

XII. The infufion. Made of the Leaves in Mead
pr Whey, with the Addition of Lome Spikenard to
Correct it, it performs all that the Wine doth, and
is Very effectual for thofe that are afflifted with a
Sciatica, and other like Pains of the Joints.

XIII. The Decodion. Made in Whey, Mead, or
'Wine, of the Leaves, adding alfo a little Mace, Cin-
namon, or Spikenard, by Boiling, which ought not
to be much, becaufe then the Virtue will be lolt ;
it mightily prevails againft Quotidian, Tertian and
Quartan Agues, and performs all that the Wine, or
Infufion can do : this may be given every other day,
anointing alfo the Back Bone and Soles of the Feet
with the following Oil. Now here is to be noted,
that in making this Decoflion, the Liquor in which
the Leaves are put, ought firft to boil, that they
may not remain long in the Decoffion, becaufe of
lofing their Virtue, as aforefaid.

XIV. The Extend. Made of the Roots, being
Green , and beaten into a Mafs, and the Juice Extra-
fled with Wine, till the whole Virtue is drawn
forth, and then evaporated to the due thicknefs of
an Extraft. Being thus made, it will keep all the
Year, and is mote fafe than the fimple Pouder of
the Root -, and may be given from xv. grains to
half a dram. But Schroder has an Alcaltfaie Ex-
trtiO , which is called alfo Coagulum Afar: , thus
made. Ik Take Roots and Leaves of A f arum, ex-
trad a Jtrong Tincture with Spirit of Wine reftified .
which fitter through brown Taper, to which add the
fixed Salt of the AJhes . made by elixiviation . and
calcined again . even to melting digeji a while , then
abftrad the Sfirir, till the Ext rad becomes of the
thicknefs of Honey. Dofe from j.fcrttple to iij.fcru-
fles. It may be given againft the Bitings of Ser-
pents, and mad Dogs, King’s Evil, Afthma’s, Quar-
tans, Worms in Children, and in any of the Cafes
which the Pouder of the Roots, or Wine, In-
fufion or Decoflion of the Leaves, are intended
for.

XV. The EJfence. It is a good Emetick and Ca-
thartick, but works not fo ftrongly Upwards as the
fimple Juice, or the former Pouders, Wine, Infu-
fions, or Decoflions -, and after it has done work-
ing, it commonly provokes Sweat powerfully, ex-
pelling the Relicks of the Difeafe that way. Dofe
from j. dram to ij. or iij. drams in Wine or Mead,
as the Patient is in Age and Strength.

XVI The Eleduary. You may fee the Prepara-
tion of it in our London Bifpenfatory, lib. 4. cap. 22.
fed. 9;. It may be given from ij. drams to iv. to
evacuate by Vomit all forts of Humors from the
Stomach, and Parts adjacent : ’tis fo gentle that
Aged People,' and Women with Child may fafely
take it • give it in Mead or Wine.

XVH. The Saline Tindure. It is Extracted from
the green, or fiefti gathered Roots and Herbs. This
.works more by Urine and Sweat, and is gentler
than many of the other Preparations. Dofe from j.
drain to ij. drams ; it carries off the Morbifick
Matter of many inveterate Difeafes, as the Drop-
lie, Jaundice, Gout, Sciatica, King’s Evil, Agues,
Cachexies, Green-fickncfs, Apoplexies , Lethargies,
Megrims, Surfeits, Efc. by all the Ways, as Vomit,
Stool, Urine and Sweat. The Head walhed or Ba-
thed therewith, comforts the Btain and Nerves,

which are difaffeited with taking Cold, and ftreng-
tltens a weak Memory.

XVIII. The Oil by InfaTution. The Herb and Roots
well bruifed, and put into a diffident quantity of
Oil, with the addition of j. ounce oh Laudanum, to
every pound of Oil ; and infolated for two Months
in a hot Sun, then preffed forth ; ( for want of a hot
Sun, a Sand heat may do better, which will be con-
tinually Night and Day the lame. ) This Oil warm,
being anointed upon all the Back, from the Neck
to the Hips, as alfo upon the Soles of the Feet, in
a warm Bed, it provokes Sweating ; and being up-
on the accefs of an Ague, it prevents the cold and
(ltaking Fit, and thereby cures thofe who have been
long afflifled with Quotidians, Tertians or Quar-
tans ; it is good alfo againft Cramps, and other dif-
aft'eftions of the Sinews, and an old Cough.

XIX. The Cataplafm. The Leaves bruifed, and
applied as a Cataplafm, to the Forehead and Tem-
ples, eafes the Head-ach, and caufes Sleep : and ap-
plied to the Eyes, it takes away their Inflamma-
tion.

XX. The Juice. The common ufe of this Herb
is, to take the Juice of 5, 6. or 7 Leaves ( according
to the Age and Strength of the Patient ) and to mix
it with a fmall draught of Ale, Mead or Wine, and
fo drink it to caufe V omiting. It works very ftrong-
ly, cures Surfeits, and has all the Virtues of the
Pouder of the Root, Wine, Infufion, Decoflion, Ex-
trafl, or Effence. Mixed with a little Tutia pre-
pared, and dropt into the Eyes, it cleats the Eye-fight,
and helps the Dimnefs and Mills, which are often
before them.

XXI. The Conferve. Made of the Flowers, with
refined Sugar or Honey. This being eaten is found
by Experience to ftrengthen very much the Audito-
ry Nerves, and to help difficulty of Hearing, Deaf
nefs, and a bad Memory. Dofe from j. dram to iv.
drams, in the Morning Fading.

XXII. Nota. That moil of the Preparations of
this Plant are not to be given to Women with Child,
for that through their Violence, they caufe Mifcar-
riqge.

CHAP. XXXIV.

Of Wild ASAPvABACCA.

I. /TA H E Names. It is called in Greeks *A m&v

X iyeitov : in Latin , Afar in a , Afarum Sylve-
jhe : in Englijb , Bafard or Wild Afarabacca.

II. The Kinds. It is the fecond Species mention-
ed in Chap. 33. SeQ. 2. aforegoing •, and a Angular
Herb of the fort. .

III. The Defcription. It has Roots long and fen-
der, creeping under the upper crufi of the Earth ,
and not J. hooting deep down, having a fomewbat Jharp
tafle , and a little bitter withal $ from whence fpring
forth Leaves , almofl like to our Garden Afarabacca,
but fomewbat rounder , a?id rougher than they , fight-
ly and unevenly indented about the edges , growing
upon long fender hairy Toot-ftalks , yet is it but a
low Riant , and creeping , as it were , upon the Ground. 1
The flowers grow near unto the Ground , like unto
thofe of Cammomil , but much lefer , and wholly Tel-
low, as well the border of the Leaves , as the Thrum
in the middle but Gerard fays, they are of a Mealy
or Dufy Colour , and not unpleafant in Smell. _ This
Riant Cluiius thinks to be his Tuffilago Alpina fe-
cunda •, but Parkinfon fays, that by reafon of its Jharj>

48

Salmon .! Herbal. Lib. J.

'd'afte, and creeping Root, it may more probably be
taken to be the Cotyledon paluftris acris, vel,
Urehs.

-- ±,i vuiin.ijo.jHus-, 1L UGllgULS ill

Woody and Shadowy places.

V. T be Times. It Flowers in Aim and June-,
and the Seed is brought to its ripeneis much about
Alidfummer.

VI. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the begin-
ning of the third Degree : it Incides, Attenuates,
and is Aperitive, and Cathartick : Appropriated to
the Head, Stomach, Liver, Womb, and Joints.

VII. The Specification. I sfnnot yet find either
from Authors, or my own Experience, what Dif
cafe it is peculiarly good for ; but ’tis certain, ’tis
a good Leoppilative, or opener of OMfruffions.

VIII. The Preparations. You may have from it,
I . The green Herb it f elf. a. A P under of the fame.
3. The Juice. 4. An Efience. j A Saline Tin-
Sure. 6. A Syrup of the Juice, or Herb. 7. A De-
cotlion.

The Virtues.

IX. The Green Herb. A little of it eaten 'with
other Herbs, as a Sailer, opens and loofens the Bel-
Iv, and purges out Cold, Grofs, Thick, Flegmatick
Humors.

X. The Ponder. It may be given to j. dram in

Mead, Canary, Sherry, Malaga, or^ White Florence
nd fo it
'ou

Humors.

Wine, and

thence Tough Thick Phlegm, and Black or

will loofen the Belly, and purge
™ ’ Burnt

It prevails againftthe Gravel in Reins and Bladder -
and gives Eafe in the Gout, inwardly taken, and out-
wardly applied ; and withal it kills Worms in
Children.

TinSure. It opens Obftruaions
or the Womb, Reins and Bladder, provokes Urine
and expeis Sand, Gravel, and Tartar ous Slime • ii
krUsWorms in old ofyoung, and is profitable
againit the Dropfie. Dofe from j. dram to ii in
a Glafs of White, or Rhenilh Wine and Sugar.

XI V. The Syrup of the Juice or Herb. It 'has all
the Virtues ot the Juice, but muft be given in full
.the double quantity, and is much better for Queafv
stomachs, and Children, than either the Tuice or Ef-
ience ; but it ought to be made in a Bath, for boil-
ing will caufe much of its Virtue to be loft.

XV. The DecoSion. If k is made in Wine it is a
f°°d Cephalick and excellent againft molt cold
Diieaies ot the Head, Brain and Nerves : Ufed as
an Errhine, it purges the Head of cold and groii
Humors : and taken inwardly from ij. td iv ounces
or more, it prevails againft 'Epilepiies, Apoplexies'
Lethargies, Vertigo, Megrim, Head-ach, Klfies!
Convuliions, <Sc.

XL The Juice. It has a Cleanfing, Attenuating
Quality ; makes thin that which is thick, cuts that
which is tough, and breaks that which is hard, opens
the Bowels which ate obftrufted, and purges out
rlie Morbifick Matter of many grievous DilafFecH-
o is, and therefore is profitably given to-fuch as are
afflicted with the Faille, Falling-ficknels, or Yellow
Jaundice : it may be given from ij. drains ro iij. or
iv. according as the Patient is in Age and Strength,
in a Glafs of Mead or Wine.

XII. The EJfence. It has the Virtues of the Juice,
but is more grateful to the Stomach, and may be
given to half an ounce, or more, in a Glafs of Wine :

C H A P. XXXV.

Of Common ASPHODEL.

- I ' ddE IVames. . It is called i ti Arabiek, Barva-
1 r (In ,in 9ree*’ VWjSjugs : in Latin, Ajpho-
delus Haflula Reg, a. Albums, and A/bucumf in
Enghjh, AJpodel.

r Ua Th!rt’jSf' !tJs fourfold, 1. The Common
Garden Afphodel. 2. ThttOnion Afphodel. 3 Marlh
or Lancajhtre Affkoiel. 4. Kings Spear Afphodel'-
of this laft fee Chap. 404. following : The Second
and Third we fhall treat of in the two following
Chapters. The Common Garden Afphodel is alio
White or Yellow: and the White is either the Grea-
ter Single or Branched, and theLefler Hollow and
Leaft. ’

III. The Defcriptions. The Common fmgle White
Afphodel has a Root compatl of many knobby Roots
growing out of one Head, like thofe of the Peony full

T w"h,“ fmal1 iltterne/ , “nd Aftnhgent

lajte ; from whence fprmgs up many dong narrow
Leaves, like almoft to thofe of Leeks, Jharp pointed-,
.the Stalk is round, fmoolh, naked, and without
Leaves two Cubits high, garnijbed from the middle
upwards, with a number of Homers Star-fajhion
made of fix Leaves apiece : the colour White, with
fame dark Purple Jheaks, drawn down the Back fide-,
within the flowers are feveral fmall Chives ; which
being paft, there fprings up litt/e round Heads, where-
in are contained bard, black, and three corner'd Seed
like thofe of Buck-wheat or Staves-acre.

IV. The Common Branched White Afphodel has a
Root compofed of many tuberous long Knobs, which
are thickef in the middle, and fmaller at both ends
faflned together at the head, of a dark grayijh colour
on the out fide, and yellow within ; whence nfes up
many long and narrow hollow triangular Leaves
jharp pointed, and lying upon the ground round about
the Root the Stalk is fmooth, round and naked with-
out Leaves, which fifes from the midft of them, di-
vided towards the Top , into divers Branches, ( if the
Plant has been of any long continuance ) or elfe in-
to but two or three /mail Branches, from the fides of
the main great one, whereon ft and many large flow-
ers, Star-fajhion, made of Jix Leaves apiece, on the
m fide mbit fib, and framed with a Purple line down

the

the iackfiie of every Leaf having in the midjl of the
flowers fome J, 'mall yellow Threads : the Seed is black,
and three flquare like the former, andgr eater than the
Seed of Buck-Wheat, contained in rcundifh deads
which open into three Parts.

JAp&dil

much but in the Magnitude, except in the firft of
them in the Roots, which are not Glandalous , but
ftringy long and white-, bearing flowers from the
middle to the top Star-fafhion : And in thefecond, in
the height chiefly, it being feldo'm above a foot high ,
having Glandulous Roots like the great Alphodels.

VI. The Garden yellow Afphodel, has many Roots
growing out of one dead, made of fever al tough , flat
and ole o us yellow Sprigs, or Grofs firings, from the
which rifles up many GraJJy Leaves, thick and Grofs,
tending to Jquarenefls -, among the which comes up a
ftrong thick Stalk, flet with the like Leaves , even to
the flowers, but lefls : upon which do grow Star-like
yellow flowers, not unlike to thofle of the greater
White Afphodels, with much the like Seed following
them .

a tllScUcro

V. There are alfo, the little hollow white Afpho-
del, and the leaf white Alphodel, which differ not

VII. The Places. They Grow naturally in Greece ,
Italy, Spain and F ranee -, but are nurft up with us
only in Gardens, where now they are become natu-
ral, and Natives of our Soil.

VIII. The Times. The Glandulous Great white
Afphodels do Flower in May and June : The leaft
white One, in Auguft and September, even till the
cold hinders it : the hollow white, and the yellow.
Flower in June and July , and the Seeds are ripe, the
Month following.

IX. The Qualities, They are hot and dry almoft
in the third Degree: They are Emetick, incide, at-
tenuate, open, difeufs, refolve, and are Vulnerary :
They are alfo Cephalick, Neurotick, Pe&oral,
Hyfterick and Nephritick.

X. The Specification. They are known by expe-
rience to be peculiar againft the Kings Evil, as the
Signature in the Roots demonftrate.

XI. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing
hereof; but you may prepare therefrom, i. A
Juice of the Root. 2. An EJfence of the fame. 3.
A DecoJion in Wine. 4. A Syrup. $. A Saline
Tin Jure. 6 . An Oily Tin Jure. 7. Afhes of the

H whole

5°

Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. I

whole VI ant. 8. An Oil. 9. An Ointment. 10.
A Balfam. 11. A Ponder of the Roots. 12 A
Cataplafm.

The Virtues

XII. The Juice of the Root. It cleanfes, 'and
takes away die white Morphew in the Face, or
other parts of the Body, the place being firft chafed
well and rubed with a courfe Linnen Cloth. If it
is mixed with Sherry Sack in which a little Myrrh
has been diffolved, and a twelfth part of the Tintture
of Saffron , it makes an excellent Collyrium for the
Eyes to heal Inflamations, take away Milts, Cloud-
ings, dimnefs of Sight, and other dilaffeftions, be-
ing dropt into them.

XIII. The EJfence. It may betaken from j. toij.
ounces in Mead or Wine againft the Kings Evil,
Coughs, Colds, Afthma’s, fhortneft of Breath, or
any Vehement obftruUions of the Lungs. If the
Stomach is foul, it will Vomit the Patient : it eva-
cuates evil Humors, and is contributary to the Cure
of running Sores, old Ulcers, Fiftula’s, and the like,
Bathing and Walking the Swelling and Sores with
it alio.

XIV. The Decottion in Wine. It is Emetick if
it meets with a foul Stomach, is opening and clean-
ling, good for a Cacoethick habit of Body, and
prevails againft the bitings of any venemous
Creatures , Stone and Gravel, or any ltoppage
of the Urinary parts. I know it to be an excellent
thing to be conftantly taken by fuch as are
troubled with the Evil, Oedema, or other like Tu-
mors, for it confumes the Morbifick Matter which
Compofes them. It may be given to iij. iv. or vi.
ounces, or lels, Pfc.

XV. The Syrup. It has the fame Virtues with
the former Preparations, but much weaker, yet
plealanter to be taken by fuch as are queafy Sto-
mached : It is an excellent PeUoral, and caufes ealy
expectoration in ftoppages of the Lungs. Dofe ii.
ounces morning, noon and night. ’Tis fit for Chil-
dren.

XVI. The Saline Tintture. It works downwards,
and carries off the Caufes of Difeafes by Urine :
given from j. to ij. drams in White Port Wine, it
provokes Urine and the Terms powerfully, is good
againft Plurilies, and an old Cough, Pains and
Stitches in the fide, Pf c.

XVII. The Oily Tintture. It is Excellent being
Bathed with, againft PunCtures and Wounds of the
Nerves, bitings of Mad Dogs, Vipers, and other
Venomous Creatures.

XVIII. The Afhes of the whole Plant. Galen
lays, that if they are mixed with Ducks Greafe,
the mixture is good againft an Alopecia, and brings
Hair again where it was fallen off, by means of that
Difeale.

XIX. The Oil. It is good againft cold Tumors,
and to anoint with in Cramps, and for any Ach or
Pain in any part, proceeding from a cold Caufe •,
and is good to difcufs Tumors and Swellings in
Womens Breafts , Tefticles , and other Glandulous
parts,

XX. The Ointment. It cleanfes old running
Sores, putrid Ulcers, and rebellious Fiftula’s, dilpo-
fes them to healing, and puts a flop to fretting and
eating Ulcers : Difcufies Inflamations in Womens
Breafts, and Tefticles, land is good againft Fellons in
the Fingers ends.

XXI. The Balfam. It is an Excellent thing in-
deed, for healing all forts of Green Wounds j
cleanfes Ulcers to the bottom, incarnates and heals
them, and is alfo profitable againft the Gout from a
cold Caufe.

XX II. The Ponder of the Roots. It may be given
to j. dram in a Glafs of White Port Wine, it pro-
vokes Urine and the Terms in Women, helps Pains
in the Sides, Ruptures, Convulfions, and old Coughs •
Uied as an Errhine, it purges the Head and Brain
of cold and moift Humors which caufe Head- Aches
Lethargies, Vertigoe’s, Epilepfies, Apoplexies, Ofc
And j. dram taken in Broth provokes Vomit and
helps fuch as are bitten with Venomous Crea-
tures.

XXIII. The Cataplafm. It is lingular good to
difcufs Contufions, Inflamations and the like to
give eafe in a cold Gout, or any Ach or Pain from
a cold Caufe, ftrengthens the Nerves, and cures
Cramps, in what part foever: and is good to be
apply’d in Tumors of the Kings Evil, Kernels and
Swellings in the Neck and Throat, &c. I have had
large Experience of the Virtues of the Root of this
Herb; and I write little .more of it, than what is
true to my own knowledge.

CHAP. XXXVL

Of Onion ASPHQDEL.

I- T 'He Names. It is called in Greek , 'A^5 h\,t
J- GorCuk «ff : in Tat in , Afphodelus Bulbofusy
by Dodonrus, Afphodelus Pccmina ; by jL obelt Afpho-
delus Hyacinthinus , and Hyacintho Afphodelus and
that rightly, becaufe the Root is like the hyacinth
or Jacinth , and the Flowers like the Afphodei:
Clufius calls it Ornitbogalum Majtts , the Greater
Star of Bethlem , and that fitly enough: in Englijh
we call it, Onion Afphodei , and Bulbous Afphodei ,
from the form of the Root.

II. The Kind. It is a lingular Plant, having no
particular Species unier it.

HI. The

Chap. 37 . TLnglifh Herbs. 51

III. The Defcription. It ha* a yellowijh round
Bulbous or Onion like Root , wtth Jome fibres bang-
ing thereat, from tbe which come many whitifh green
Graffy Leaves , long and narrow , not much unlike
in Jhape to Leeks, and fpread upon the Ground -, thefe
come forth at the beginning of the Tear, and abide
till May-, and then they withering, amongft thofe
Leaves, riles up a naked fmooth Stalk , replenifhcd
towards the top with many Star like f lowers, of a
whitifh, or pale yellow green Color on the in fide, and
wholly Green without, conf fling of fix little Leaves,
Jharp pointed, with certain Chives or Threads in the
Middle, and growing on fhort foot Stalks, on a rea-
fonable long Head f pike fafhon : after the flowers
are pajl, there fucceeds a fmall Knop , or Head three
fquare, in which lies the Seed which is roundifh and
black. It differs from Kings Spear, which is alfo a
kind of Afphodel, in the pods, the which are round,
but in this long and three fquare : from the Marfh
or Lancafhire Afphodel, in the Stalk, which is not
wholly Naked : and the Common Afphodel in the Pods
and Roots, which in thofe the Pods are round, and
the Root multiform and knobby.

IV. The Places. It grows in the Corn-fields in
the Upper Hungary : but with us, it is only nourifh-
ed up in Gardens.

V. The Times. It Flowers in May, June, and
July, and the Seed is ripe in Augujl, or not long
after.

VI. The Vitalities. It is hot and dry in the
third Degree, having almolfthe fame temperature
with Aron. It is aperitive, inciding, attenuating,
ablledive, difcufhve, and fomething Emetick. And
are appropriated to the Stomach, Lungs, Womb,
Reins and Joynts.

VII. Tbe Specification. The Roots which are
only ufed, open obftruU ions of the Lungs-, and are
peculiar againft Afthma’s, caufing Expectoration.

VIII. The Preparations. You may have from the
Root. 1. A Juice. 2. An EJfence. 3. ALohoch.
4. A Saline Tmffure. %. An Oily Tinflure. 6. An
Ointment. 7. A half am. 8. A Cataplafm. 9. A
Syrup. 10. Afhes.

The Virtues.

IX. The Juice . Given from half an ounce more
or lefs as die Patient is in age and ftrength in a
Glafs of White Wine, it opens obftruftions of the
Vifcera, and is a Angular good Medicine againft the
Yellow Jaundice.

X. The EJfence. It is good againft Pains and
Aches of the Bowels, Pleurifies, Stitches, and other
Difeafes caufed by Obftruftion, whether in the
Lungs or elfewhere : It prevails againft Coughs,
Colds, Afthma’s, fhortnefs of Breath, and difficulty
of Breathing, and difpofes wounds and Ulcers to a
fpeedy healing. Dofe from j. ounce to j. ounce and
half in Wine or Mead.

XI. The Lohoch. It is made of the Juice Boiled
up to a thicknefs with Honey, with a quarter part
of the finePouder of Elecampane Root, it is a famous
Peftorai : with this I once cured a fuppofed incura-
ble Phthifis, in lefs than two Months time : at firft
it Vomited, and continued to do fo, more or lefs
for 1 o or 12 Days, after which time the Patient
took it very Plealantly^ it cleanfed the Lungs, cauf-
ed a great Expeftoration, and in fhort time after
healed them and performed the Cure Pleafantly. It
is good for Coughs, Colds, Afthmas, Wheezings,
fhortnefs of Breath, and other Diftempers of the
Lungs. Dofe j. ounce in the moining Faffing, and
as much at four in the afternoon.

XII. The Saline Tinflure . It provokes Urine
and is good againft Gravel , Stone, and Tartarous

Slime in the Reins and Bladder. It repreffes Va-
pors and Fits of the Mother, provokes the Terms,
and prevails againft the Gout. Dofe from half a
dram to- ij. drams morning and evening in a Glafs
of Wine.

XIII. The Oily Tinffure. It is good againft an
Oedema in the Knees, Traumatick Tumors in the
Neck and Throat, and any other cold Swelling in
any part whatfoever, being anointed thereon. It pre-
vails againft a cold Gout, and other like Pains and
Aches. Inwardly taken from vj. drops to xvj. in a
Glafs of Wine, it Comforts the Head, Brain, Nerves,
and Womb.

XIV. The Ointment. It is good to anoint Ker-
nells and Scrophulous Tumors in the Throat, cleanfe
old Ulcers, and being put Scalding hot into Filtu-
la’s to remove the Callus and Heal them.

XV. Tbe Balfam, It is prevalent againft Oede-
matous Tumors , and the Gout, heals Wounds,
cleanfes old Sores, running Ulcers and Fiftula’s,
makes the Flefh grow, and heals them. It alfo dif-
cuffes hard and lcirrhous Tumors.

XVI. The Cataplafm. It takes away black and
blew marks of the Skin occafioned by Blows or Brui-
fes, difcuffes or refolves Incarnations, and abates
pain by its Anodine Property: It is good in Tumors
of the Breafts and Cods.

XVII. The Syrup. It is PeCforal, good againft
all difeafes of the Breft, Lungs, and Womb^
caufes Expectoration, and a free Breath, and pro-
vokes the Terms. You may give it from j. ounce to ij.
ounces, in a Glafs of white Wine morning and
evening.

XV 111. The Afhes of the whole Plant. Galen faith.
That the Afhes of the Root mixed with Oil , or
Hens Greafe, cures the falling of the Hair in an Alo-
pecia, and reftores it where it was loft^ and alfo
cures a Scald Head. It is good againft Scurff, Mor-
phew, and other like vices of the Skin.

CHAP. XXXVII.

Of Marjb or Wild ASPHODEL,

I .'~J~'He Names. It is called in Greek, ’A^oAa®-

X Iaw'/hc : in Latin , Afphodelus Palufier ,
Pfeudo-afpbodelus Lute us : in Englifh, Marfh Af-
phodel, Wild or Bajhird Afphodel, and Baftard yel-
low Afphodel, and 'Lancafhire Afphodel.

II. The Kinds. There are two fpecial Kinds
hereof, l.Pfeudoafphodelus major, Afphodelus Lan-
caftr'ue, the greater Marfh, Wild, or Baftard Afpho-
del, Lancafhire Afphodel. 2. Pfeudoafphodelus
minor , Afphodelus Lancaftria verus , the leffer
Marfh, Wild or Baftard Afphodel, the true Lanca-
flnre Afphodel.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft of thefe has a
Root long and Jointed, creeping as Grafs does, with
many Eibres thereat, from whence rife up feveral
long and narrow Leaves, like unto Corn Flag, but
not fojlijf or hard, of a beautiful greeen Color, and
fomwhat Chamfered, furrowed or ftraked down right ,
yet compajfing one another, as the Corn Flag and
Flower de luces do at the bottom , among which rifes
up a Stalk about a foot and a half high, with divers
fhort Leaves enclofing the Stalk, as it were hofed at
their bottoms-, and at the tops ft and feveral yellow
Elowers, as it were in a J piked Head, each of them
made of fix Leaves a piece, as are thofe of the other
AfphodelS} in the midft of which come forth feveral
fmallTbreads or Chives-, which being paft, there comes

H 2 Seed

52 Salmon^ Herbal. Lib. I.

Seed in fomwhat long and fquare pointed Husks or
Cods , which Seed is very fmall and Blackifh.

fan car Aire, Jlsp/l&dif •

VIII. The Specification. There has been nothing
in a conftant Obferation, to which they can be laid
to be peculiar ; Authors having as to their Virtues
been filent.

IX. T be Preparations. You may make from the’
Roots, I. A Decoffion. 2. A Juice . 3. An EJJence.
4. A Syrup. An Ointment. 6. ABalfam. 7. A
Catap/afm. 8. A Saline SinUure.

The Virtues.

X. Altho’ Authors have laid nothing of the Vertues
of thefe Plants; yet, by theit Taftes, and other Sig-
natures, they leem to have the Virtues of the Garden
Afpboielsfiao poffibly not lb Potent and Efficacious: I
have made feveral ttyalls of them, and have found
the Drcocfion'ln open obftruftions of the Lungs and
provoke Urine. With the Juice given to ij. ounces
for fome days in White Wine, I once, provoked the
Courfes in a Woman where they were obltrufted :
and with the Syrup and EJJence, I have cured fome
that have had extream Colds. The Balfam I know
to be a good Vulnerary, and the Ointment is very
difcuflive and refolutive, and good againft the Gout.
The Saline Tinffjere provokes Urine, and clears the
Reins and Urinary Paffages of Sand, Gravel, Slime
and Tartarous Matter, given to ij. drams in White
Wine : the other Preparations I have not much ufed ;
but this laft, (as it is theeafieft made) I have often-
times proved, and that with good Succfs.

CHAP. XXXVIII.

Of Garden ASPARAGUS.

*r

IV. The letter Kind, has a Root which conjifts of
of a few whitifh long Fibres , not creeping far , or
much , but increafing into f undry Heads, from whence
fpring forth many fmooth green Leaves , narrower ,
fhorter, and frefher than the former , ( Gerard fays,
two Inches and a half or three Inches long, fome what
broad at the bottom and fharper towards their ends )
not much unlike to a narrow Flower de luce, but
neither fo hard nor fo thick-, from among which
Leaves rifes up a Stalk, which fcarcely attains to be a
Foot high , having very few fmall Leaves thereon,
( Gerard fays it is fmooth and without any Leaves
thereon •, ) towards the top whereof, in a f piked Head
comes forth fmall Flowers, of a paler yellow than the
former, and of a pretty Star like fafhion, which be-
ing gon, there fuccecds fmall three fquare reddifh
Husks, or longijh little Cods, which , Gerard fays, are
fometimes four or five Square, and in which is con-
tained fmall reddifh brown Seed.

V. The F laces. They are both found Wild in
England , as well as in other places beyond Sea, in
MarfhandWet Grounds: the firft near Lancafler,
in the Moorifh Grounds there, as alfo near unto
Mandfley, and Mart on , two Villages not far from
thence j as alfo at the Foot of Baefhot Hill in the
Weft of England, near to a Village of the fame
Name. The fecond grows near Egham, not far
from the River fide there, and in many other places,
in the Weft of England.

VI. The Times. They Flower in May, June,
.and July and the Seed is ripe, about a Month
after the Flowers are gon : molt of their Leaves re-

T

He Names. It is called in Arabick, Halion,
Lf Helion : In Greek, ’AoW^of, x) 'A^A^.yr^,
'Of^V/0K, ’am 7« r0f/^V,from provoking Luft: In Latin,
Afparagus & Corurda: In Englijh , Afparagus,
Sparagus , and Sperage.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral Species of this
Plant, 1. The Garden Kind. i. The Wild Kinds,
or which there is, i. The Sea or Marfh. 2. The
Rock Kind. 3. The Prickly : of which three laft, in
the two following Chapters. The Garden Kind is
alfo 1. Afparagus Sativus vel hortenfis vulgatior,
feu Minor, The Common Garden Afparagus, or
Letter Kind. 2. Afparagus Sativus, vel hortenfis
Major, The Greater Garden Kind.

III. The Defcriptions. The firfi or Smaller Kind,

by it greatly encreafes : from this Root there rifes
out of the Ground, divers whitifh , green , fcaly
Sprouts, thick, tender, very foft and Brittle, of the
thickncfs of the greatefl Swans §>uil/, or fomewhat
thicker, in Tafie not much unlike to Green Beans or
Peafe, having at top a certain fcaly foft Bud, which
in time does rife up into very long and J lender round
green Stalks, bigger or lejfer as the Roots are in
Growth , and growing to be three or four Feet high
or more ( as the Ground is in goodnefs) ivhich Stalks
fend forth divers f mailer Branches , whereon are
fet many little green Leaves, like Fennel, but Jhor-
ter and f mailer, and growing up to the top, much
finer than the Leaves of Dill •' among which, at the
Joynts thereof, come forth , fmall Moffie, yellowijh
Flowers, Which yield a Fruit or Berries , green at
fir ft, afterwards red as Coral, of the bignefs of a
White Pea -, wherein is containedgrofs blackifh Seed,

and

Chap. 38. EngUJh “Herbs.

5?

and exceeding bard, which is the caufe it liesfo long
in the Ground after Joining , before it Springs up.

A.SE AliACrVS

IV. The other or Greater Kind differs nothing from
the former , but in the Colour of the Shoots , their
Magnitude , aW Ta/fo, they being much whiter , vaft-
h larger , and much more fweet and pleafanr. It is
almoft beyond belief the relation of the vaji Magni-
tude to which this Great Kind will grow : This pre-
fent Tear 1696. a prefentwas made to a Lady of one
j ingle Bunch containing but one hundred of Sprouts
or Heads, which weighed ( as was reported to me)
above forty Pounds weight : and the la li Tear I cheap-
ned a Bunch or hundred, of the fame Kind in New-
gate-Maiket, which they would not Sell me under
eight Shillings, and warranted to weigh above twenty
Pounds Weight. So that it is manifefi that the lar-
ger fort is either another Kind, or elfe, tlx former
fort vaftly improved by Art and Indujtry.

V. The Places. They grow with us only in
Gardens, where they are nourilhed up for the daily
Service of the Houfe, being an Excellent Boiled
Sallet.

VI. The Times. The bare tender Shoots, which
are Sold in Markets in Bunches or Hundreds, come
up commonly in the Spring, and may be had all
March, April, and May, and fometimes in June ;
but the Gardner has arrived now to fuch a
dexterity in his Art, that if the Winter or Seafon
is Warm, you may have them all January and
f ■cbrnary, as was manifeft this prefent Year, when
I could'have had what quantity I pleafed on New-
Years Day. They fpring up after that, to a kind
of diminutive Bull), and Flower in June and July,
and bear their ripe Berries in September, or late in
the Year.

VII. T he Qualities. They feem to be Temperate
in refpe& to heat or coldnels, drynefs or moifture.
They incide, attenuate, open, cleanfe, and are very
Diuretick : and ieem to be chieHy Cephalick, Hy-
fterick and Nephritick •, and, if Authors fay true,
Spermatogenetick withal.

VIII. The Specification. They are peculiar againft

the Strangury, or ttoppage of Urine, and difficultv
of making Water, to provoke Urine, and to expel
Sand, Gravel, and fmall Stones out of the Reins
which even the fignature of the hardnefs of the Seed’
feems alfo to intimate.

IX. The Preparations. You may have therefrom
1. The Roots. 2. The Seed. 9. The Dijh/led Wa-
ter of the whole Plant , diftilled in September, when
its Berries are Red ; which things the Shops are
laid to keep : But belides them, we have, 4. The
tender Shoots or Heads. ;. The DecoSion.’ 6. The
Juice. 7. The Effence. 8. The Saline TinSure.
9. A Gargarifm. 10 .A Bath.

The Virtues.

X. The Roots. Being reduced into Pouder, and
given from j. dram to ij. drams in White Wine, or
the Diftilled Water of the Plant, it provokes Urin,
and opens the ftoppages of the Urinary parts.

XI. The Seed. It is held to be very effe&ual for
the purpofes aforefaid, j. dram of it being given in
White Wine -, fo alfo, it it is mixed in equal quan-
tities with the Pouder of the Root, and given hi like
manner from j. to ij. drams.

XII. The Diftilled Water. It is drawn from the
whole Plant, and is to be notified ( as Schroder di-
rects ) by putting it upon more ftefh Herbs. It pro-
vokes Urine, and gives eafe in the Stone, being
drunk daily three times a day, from iv. to viij. oun-
ces : It is ufed alfo as a Vehicle for other
things.

XI’H. The tender Shoots or Heads. They are Boil-
ed, and Eaten as a Sallet, with Butter, Vinegar and
Pepper, being very Nutritive ; and tho’ cleanfing,
as to the Reins, Bladder, and Urinary PafTages, yec
they comfort the Stomach, are eafie of Digeltion
and reftore in Confumpcions.

XIV. The DecoSion of the Roots in Wine. It opens
Obltruftions of the Bowels, provokes Urine being
flopped, and expels that Tarrarous Matter’ in the
Reins, Ureters and Bladder, which caufes the Stran-
gury. Dofe from iv. to viij. ounces.

XV. The Juice of the Roots and young Sprouts. It

prevails againft the Strangury, or difficulty in ma-
king Water, when it is done by Drops ; it expels
Gravel and the Stone out of the Reins and Bladder
and helps vehement pains in the Back. Dofe iij. or
iv. ounces in Wine, twice a day. J

XVI. The Effence made of the Juice, or bruifei
Plant. It has all the Virtues of the Juice beforego-
ing ; befides which, it is good againft the Obftru-
aions of the Lungs, Pains of the Stomach and
Bowels, Falling-ficknefs, Fits of the Mother, Yel-
low Jaundice, and dimnefs of fight : and taken eve-
ry Morning and Evening, from ij. to iv. ounces in a
Glafs of Generous Wine, it is faid to ftir up Bodily
Lull, Generate Seed, and remove Impotency.

XVII. The Saline TinSure. It has all the Virtues

of the Deco&ion, Juice, and Ellence but more
powerful in provoking Urine, and expelling Sand,
Gravel, Stones and Slimy Tartarous Matter : befides
it particularly Stimulates the Generative Faculty by
its penetrating and fubtil Quality, and effeaually
cures the Yellow Jaundice. Dofe from j. to ij.
drams in Wine. J J

XVIII. The Gargarifm. The Roots bruifed and
boiled in White Wine Vinegar, being gargled in the
Mouth warm, gives eafe in the Tooth-ach : and the
Root it lelf is laid to be profitable to be applied to
an Aneurifm.

XIX. The Bath. It is made of a good quantity
of the Roots and Seeds bruifed, and boiled in a
great ftore of Water, which is to be put into a large
Veflel, in which a Alan may fit up to the Breafts

at

54 Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. L

at lea ft : This has been found effe&ual againft Fits
oi the Mother, Cholick, and Pains of the Back and
Reins, and generally ’tis good againft Cramps, Con-
vulfionS, Sciatica’s and other vehement Pains of the
lower Parts of the Body.

CHAP. XXXIX.

Of Sea or Marfli ASPARAGUS.

I* | v HE Names. It is called in Greek, ’a tnmfjtyQ-
X iruj'm ■. in Latin , by Anguillara and T aier-
mo nt anus, Afparagus Palufiris : and Afparagus ma-
rines, by Clujius and Camerarius : by Baithinus, Pe-
na, and Lobe/, Afparagus maritlmus : in Eng/ijb , Sea,
or AlarJJj Afparagus.

II. The Kinds. This is the firft fort of the Wild
Kinds ^ which fome would have us to believe will,
by Tranfplantation, and Manuring in Gardens, be-
come the Garden Kind j at leaft as good as the Gar-
den Kind.

ill. The Defcription. This Wild, or Sea, or Marfh
kind ^Afparagus has a Root with many Strings and
fibres difperfed from a fpongy Head like the former,
from whence rifes up many, but Jhorter Stalks than
the Garden Kinds, fronger afo and thicker, bran-
< king forth in the fame manner, and having fuel) like
icmged Leaves, but Jhorter, thicker, harder, and of
a blevoijh, green Colour. The flowers are like the
other, and fo are the Berries or Seed which follow,
but greater than they , and not of fo frejh a red
colour .

IV. The Places. It is found to grow in the Mar-
fhes of Tidnarn , near Chepftow, and in Appleton
Meadow in Gloucejlerjhire, about two Miles from
Brijhl, where the Poor People do gather the young
Shoots or Heads, and fell them in the Market at
Brill?/, much cheaper than our Garden Kind is fold
in London. Mr Ray fays he has found it alfo at the
Li z osar d Point ■, and it is faid to be found about

Harwich in EJfex, and divers other Marlh Grounds
and Places, as in a Meadow belonging to a Mill
near Thorp in EJfex ■, and at Singleton not far from
Corbie : alfo in the Meadows near Moulton in Lin-
colnshire : At a place called Badmor-lading, not' far
from Harwich , and at Moulton in Holland which is
alfo a part of Lincolnfhire.

V. The Times. The Tender Shoots fpring up in
March and April, at what times they are gaihered
and Eaten * they Flower in June and July, and the
Berries are ripe in September.

VI. The Qualities. It is, as to its firft Qualities
temperate : Mr. Ray fays, that the Roots are Diu-
retick, and Lithontriptick, and are one of the five
opening Roots : They are appropriated to the Liver,
Spleen, Reins, Womb and Joints.

VII. The Specification. The Roots are peculiar
againft the Yellow Jaundice, Stone or Gravel in the
Reins and Bladder, as alfo the Sciatica and Gout.

VIII. The Preparations. You may have therefrom

i . The tender Sprouts or Heads. 2. A Decottion of
the Roots in Wine. 3. A Juice from the fame.
4. An EJfence of the Roots. 5. A Syrup of the fame.
6. A Saline Tintture.

The Virtues.

IX. The Virtues of the Roots and Seed, and even
of the whole Plant, are the fame in all refpe&s
with thole of the Manured or Garden •, fo that we
need not here be particular in explicating the Vir-
tues and Ules of the afore enumerated Prepara-
tions, but wholly refer you to that which has al-
ready been faid in the lalt Chapter.

CHAP. XL.

O/Wild ASPARAGUS.

I-'T 'HE Names. It is called inGreek,’k<’™tm&
X a.yfi&iMua.i/g.i’Qu, eiffm£uy@- 77iTf cu<§h in La-
tin, Afparagus Sylveftris : in Englijh, Wild Af para-
gits, or Stone Afparagus.

II. T be Kinds. There are two principal Kinds,
1. Myacantbinus Galeni, Afparagus Sylveftris foliis
acutis : Gefner, Dodonxus, Camerarius, and others
call it limply Afparagus Sylveftris : Cordus, Lobe i,
Lugdunenjis, and others, Corntda: Baubimts and
Parkinfon, Afparagus foliis acutis ; and is thought
to be the Afparagus Petneus of Galen and Diofco-
rides. 2. Afparagus Petneus, or Corruda aculeate ,
Prickly Rock Afparagus : this is called by Clujius ,
Corruda altera : by Dodoneus, Afparagus Sylveftris,
(fo that he makes little difference between this and
the former, tho’ indeed there is much : ) and by Bau-
binus, Afparagus aculeatus alter , tribus cut quatuor
fpinis ad eundem exortum.

III. The Defctiptions. T he firft , Wild Afpara-
gus with lharp Leaves, has a Head of Roots, having
many Strings and fibres depending from it, thicker
and Jhorter than any of the other Kinds ; from
whence rifes up three or four Stalks, which are fhor-
ter , jtronger, and tougher than the others, diverfly
fpread and branched into many Wings, on which are
fet atfeyeral diflances, many fmall , Jhort, hard, and
fharp pointed Leaves, five or fix ft ending at a Joint
together : At thefc Joints likewife, with the Leaves,
come forth the flowers, many, fet upon a long Stalk
which are Fellow , and confifting of fix Leaves apiece,
fuelling as fweet as a Match Violet ; after which
come fmall Berries, green at the firft , and of a black-

tfi

Chap., 41. ‘Enghjh Herbs .

ijh AJh-colour when they are ripe , wherein is con-
tained a hard Black Seed.

55

IV. The fecondWAiK\ni,ot Prickly Rock Afpara-
gus, which fame call Thorny Afparagus, hat very
thick and Jhort foots, with many thick firings dll
meeting together at the head of the foot, from whence
rifes up feveral branched green Stalks, having three
or four Jharp green Thor ns ( more like tndeed to
Thorns than Leaves, they are fo hard, fmal! long
and Jharp pointed ) fet together all along the’ Stalks
and Branches ; from which come forth f mall moffy
yellowish green Flowers ; and after them /fore of
Berries, greater than in the former, and of a blark-
tjb green colour, when they are ripe, full of a green-
ijh Pulp i wherein ufually lies but one black hard
Seed, or at moji two, having a White Kernel with-
in it.

¥lfes' The firft Ki"d grows in Stony
and Kocky places, as, near to Salamanca in Spain
alio under Hedges, and in the very Fields in Calii/e
and G ranada ; about Narbone and Montpelier in
France ; as alfo in Creet or Candy. The fecond
grows mftony and ragged or rocky places, as alfo
by hedge iides, not only in Spain, but alfo in Por-
tugal and Creet. _ But with us, both the Kinds
are only found Nurft up in Gardens of the Cu-
rious.

VI. The Times. They fend forth their tender
Shoots early in the Spring, and Flower in June and
7uy? having ripe fruit in September : But with us
in England, it fcarcely comes to perfection, unlefs
the bealon is very warm, and they grow in a warm
place, which may defend them from cold Blafts and
nipping Winds.

t ^ualltlfs- They are Temperate as to

the firft Qualities but rather more drying than any

lhe/umer-JTh%lndde’ attenuate, and open
powerftlly, and are ftrong Diureticks and Lithon-

Sofeen H -nd P^'aity appropriated to the Liver,

3Pvni’ Rems> and Womk

VU1. The specification. I have been informed by

fome intelligent Englijh Men, who have lived in
Spam tor fome Years, that the People of the place
elteem them as one of the molt peculiar Remedies
againft the Stone and Gravel, and much Superiour
to the Garden or Marfh Kinds.

IX. The Preparations. You may make from the
Ko°t,i. A Deeoffion. 2. A Juice. 5 .An E fence.
4. A Saline Tindure. 5. A TiJUlled Water : and
from the Seeds or Berries, 6. A Ponder.

The Virtues.

X. The Virtues are the fame with the Garden
and Marjh Kinds : and therefore the Defignation
and Ufes of each Preparation the fame, to which
you are referred-, live, that thefe Wild Kinds arc
elremeed to be double in Force and Goodnefs.

CHAP. XLI.

Of Common A V E N S.

TH E Names. This Herb, for all that we can
learn, was unknown to the Greeks, and
therefore we can furnilh you with no Greek name
for it : but it is called in Latin, Caryopbyllata, and
Garyophyllata, ( from rhe fmell of its Root ) alfo
Herba. Bene did a, Sanamunda and Tragus would
have it called Kardus agrejlis , ( not only for the
fweet feent of its Roots, but for its excellent Vir-
tues ) and is fuppofed to be the Geum P/inij , in
Hifl. lib. 2 6. Sed. 21. It is called in Englijh , Avens
and Herb Bennet.

Avetis.

II. The Kinds. The General Kinds are two. i. Ca-
ry ophy! lata vulgatior , the common Avens. 2. Caryo-
phyllata Montana , the Mountain Avens ; of which
in the next Chapter. The Common Avens is two-
fold, 1 . That, E/ore minor e, with the fmaller Flower
( which is the more Common : ) 2. That, Flore ma-

jore.

Salmon j Herbal.

Lib. I.

jore , with the greater Flower, as Mr. Ray has no-
ted, HiJ}. Plant, pag. 606.

III. 'The Defcriptions. The firft of the Common
Kind with the fmaller flower , has a Root eonfijling
of many thick Strings , and fmaller Fibres, fomewh at
of a brownijh yellow without , and reddijh within,
J'melling fo me what like unto Cloves , efpe dally if it
grows in the higher , hotter and dryer Ground , and
in a freer and clearer Air -, but nothing fo much, or
not at all in many other places, efpecially if they be
moijl : From this Root fpring forth many long, rough,
dark, green winged Leaves, every one made of many
Leaves, Jet on each fide of a middle Rib -, the three
largejl whereof grow at the ends, and fnipt or den-
ted round about the edges -, the other being f. 'mall
pieces, fometimes two, and fometimes four , Jtanding
on each fide of the find middle Rib, under them :
among which do rife up divers rough or hairy Stalks,
about a Foot high, branching forth with Leaves at
every Joint, not fo long as thole below, but almoft
as much cut in on the edges, fome into three parts,
and fome into more : on the tops of the Branches
fland fmall, pale, yellow Flowers, eonfijling of jive
Leaves, like Cinquefoil Flowers, but larger -, in the
midjl whereof, Jlands a fmall green head, which,
when the Flowers are fallen, grow to be rough and
round, being made of many long, grecnijh , purple
Seeds, like grains, which will flick on your Cloths.

IV. The other Avens with a large Flower, is a
Plant little differing from the former in any parti-
cular, except in the Flowers , which are greater than
thofe of the common, and fairer : This I have fome-
times formerly feen and gathered in Woods and. Cop-
fes in fome parts of Cambridge-fhire, where the
whole Plant grew large and very fragrant-, but the
Roots not much inferior ( in my opinion ) in their
Scent to Cloves themj'elves.

V. The Places. They are found to grow Wild in
many places of our Land, under Hedge fides, and
near By-paths in fome Fields, as alio in Woods and
Copfes, delighting to grow rather in Shadowy than
Sunny places. And in many places they are brought
into Gardens , chiefly about London, and in fome
great Towns and Cities, that they may be near at
hand upon occafion. The Large Flowered Avens
is found in Tedford Wood, in the Woulds of Lincoln-
jhire.

VI. The Times. They Flower in May and June
generally, and their Seed is ripe in July at far-
theft.

VII. The Vitalities. Avens is hot and dry in the
firlt Degree •, and is bidding. Attenuating, Opening,
Abfterfive, Difcuflive, Refolutive, Carminative, A-
lexipharmick, Aftringent, and Vulnerary. Schroder
fays, it is Cephalick, and Cardiack ^ and we know
by Experience that it is Stomatick, Hepatick, Hy-
lterick, and Arthritick.

VIII. The Specification. Schroder fays, its chief
ufe is in drying up Catarrhs, and refolving Coagu-
lated Blood : it is a lingular cure for Wounds and
Ulcers.

IK. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing
hereof, but only, 1. The Root : but you may pre-
pare therefrom, 2. A Deco J ion. 3. A Wine. 4. A
juice from the Roots and Plant. 7. A n Ejfence.

6. A Spirituous TinJure from the whole Plant.

7. A Saline Tin Jure. 8. An Oily Tin Jure. 9. An
Ointment. 10. A Ba/fam. 11. A Cataplafm. 12. A
mixture for Callous Ulcers.

The Virtues.

X. The Root. The Pouder of the dryed Roots
given from half a dram to j. dram, {Lengthens the
Stomach, opens ObftruClions, is good againft Spit-

ting or Pifling Blood, or the Bloody Flux -, and
ftrewed on moift or running Sores, or Ulcers, drys
them up, and difpofes them to healing. The dryed
Roots are alfo ufed to be laid among Cloths, to per-
fume them, and keep away Moths.

XI. The DecoJion, Made in Mead, or half Wine
half Water, it is good for ftoppages of the Breft
and Stomach, Stitches and Pains of the Sides, opens
ObftruClions, andcorreCls cold and crude humors in
the Stomach and Bowels. Dofe vj. ounces.

XII. Tim Wine. It is very Aromatick, and if it
is drunk for fome continuance of time, every Morn-
ing falling, it warms and {Lengthens a cold Sto-
mach, takes away ficknefs at Stomach, comforts the
Heart, expels Wind, makes a good Digeltion, opens
ObftruClions of the Liver and Spleen, refills Poifon,
and is a lingular prefervative againlt the Plague, or
any Peftilential Difeafe : Dofe, in infectious times,
iv. or vj. ounces, Morning, Noon, and Night.

XIII. The Juice from the Root, Sic. It is PeClo-
ral. Warming, Comforting, and Strengthening a cold
Stomach, and is good for Inward bruifes and hurts,
for it dilTolves congealed Blood, happening by falls
or bruifes, as alfo {pitting of Blood ; it opens Ob-
ftruClions of the Liver, Spleen, and Womb, pro-
vokes the Terms, and is good againft the Colick.
Dofe from ij. Spooufuls to iv. or more, in Wine,
Mead, or Ale : Outwardly, it is good to wafti old
running Sores, or putrid Ulcers with, in order to
their cleanfing and healing.

XIV. The Ejfence. It is good for Difeafes of the
Breft and Lungs, is Cephalick, Stomatick, Cordial,
Hyfterick and Vulnerary, eminent againlt cold and
moift Difeafes of the Head, Brain and Nerves j it
{Lengthens Digeftion, and caufes a good Appetite,
taking away pains of the Stomach, from the cold-
nefs thereof •, it chears the Heart, and is good againft
Sicknels and- Fainting Fits ^ prevails againft Bar-
rennefs in Women, by rectifying the cold and moift
Diftempers of the Womb. It is alfo an excellent
Vulnerary, for by taking this Eflence Daily, from j.
to iij. or iv. ounces, Morning, Noon and Night, it
caufes Wounds, Ulcers, and Fiftula’s to heal after
an admirable manner.

X V. The Spirituous TinJure. It has the Virtues
of the Eflence, but not full out fo powerful, except
in Vulnerary cafes, in which it may do full as well.
Dofe from j. dram to ij. drams, or more, in a Glals
of Wine or Diet Drink.

XVI. The Saline TinUure. It opens ObftruCtions
of the Reins, is good againft the Plague, and all
Peftilential Difeales, Wounds, Ulcers, Sores, Fiftu-
la’s, and many Difeafes of the Head, Brain, Nerves,
Lungs, Breft, Liver, Spleen, Womb, and Reins, car-
rying off the Morbifick Caufe by Urine. Dole
from j. to ij. drams in Ale, Mead, Wine, or Diet
Drink.

XVII. The Oily Tin Jure. Applied to Wounds
and Pundures of the Nerves and Tendons, it cures
them : it helps Lamenefs, Numbednefs, Trembling
of the Limbs, and Palfies, being anointed Morning
and Evening on the parts affeCled j as Pains, Aches,
and Gouts, proceeding from cold Caufes, or a de-
fluxion of cold Humors. And inwardly taken, from
vj. drops to xvi. or xx. drops, in fome proper Ve-
hicle, it prevails againft Lethargies, Vertigoes, Apo-
plexies, Convulfions, and other cold Difeafes of the
the Head, Brain, and Nerves : It eafes the Colick,
and is good againft Sand, Gravel, Stone, 0V.

XVIII. The Ointment. It eafes Pains from a cold
Caufe, difeufles Oedema’s, Scrophula’s, and Phleg-
mons, or Inflammations, and abates Inflammations
in Wounds and Ulcers, by difeuffing the Caufe 5 and
is good againft the Piles in Ano.

XIX. The Balfarn . It is a true Vulnerary, and

cures

Chap. 42. linglijh Herbs.

cures fimple Wounds by the firft intention : It clean-
les running Sores ^ old foetid Ulcers^ and ftubborn
and rebellious Fiftula’s •, walhing them firft with the
Juice, or Eflence, and then applying of this Balfam :
it cleanfes, incarnates, or breeds Flefh, and brings to
a fpeedy healing.

XX. The Cataplafn. It difcuffes Inflamations in
their beginning ^ is good againft Contufions, or Brui-
fes, eales pains or Aches in any part, and is lingular
good in a cold Gout. I have applied it with great
i'uccefs in vehement Head-achs, proceeding from ta-
king cold, or any recent Caufe.

XXI. The Mixture. Take Juice of the Roots iv.
ounces , fine Verdigreefe ij. drams -, mix them. It
takes off the Callus in hollow Ulcers, and Fiftula's,
where it muft be injeUed with a Syringe. But if
the Callofity is in an open Ulcer, the Mixture may
be thus made : Take of the foregoing Ointment ij.
ounces : Pouder of Tobacco ij. drams : Verdigreefe
j. dram : mix them. Or thus : Take of the former
Balfam ij. ounces : Pouder of round Birthwort Roots
ij. drams : fine Verdtgrecfe j. dram : mix them. Any
of thefe mixtures take off a Callus from any Ulcer
or Fiftula, cleanfes . the lame, and induces it to a
fpeedy healing ; and this it will do, if the affeU is
in the Joints.

CHAP. XLII.

Of Wild or Mountain AVE N S.

I. ' | ' H E Karnes. They are called in Latin, Ca-
ryophyllat a agref A, Caryophyllata montatia •,
and in Englijh , Wild or Mountain Avens. The Epi-
thet Wild is put to thefe, to diftinguifh them from
the former, which are never called Wild ^ for tho’
they grow Wild in Fields and Woods, yet it is al-
ways near home, and befides, they are many times
Nurfed up in Gardens, which thefe are never, ex-
cept as meer Rarities.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral Kinds of Moun-
tain Avens , but thofe growing in our Country chief-
ly, are, i. Caryophyllata montana purpurea, as Ge-
rard calls it : Or Montana paluflris purpurea , as
Parkinfon : Alfo Aquatica nutante fore , and Aqua-
tica fore rubro ftriato , by the Bauhins • Purple
Mountain Avens , or Water Avens. 2. Caryophyl-
lata fore amplo purpureo , Avens with a large dou-
ble flower. 3, Caryophyllata Chamcedryos folio, as
Morifon calls it : Chanuedris fpuria montana Cifli-
flore , as Parkinfon : Alpina Ciftiflore , and Alpina
flore fragraria albo , as the Bauhins : Teucrum Al-
pinism Ciftiflorc , as Gerard -, Mountain Avens zvith
Germander Leaves. 4. Caryophyllata PentaphylUa ,
as Bauhin and Parkinfon : Alpina Pentaphyllcea , as
Gerard : and Alpina quinquefolia , as Cafpar Bauhin -,
Cinquefoil Avens. To which add, ?. Caryophyllata
montana Virginienfis , Virginia Mountain Avens.
6. Caryophyllata montana flore magno luteo , Alcun-
tain Avens with a great yellow flower.

III. Defcriptions. 1. Purple, or Water Mountain
Avens. It has a Root about a lingers thicknefs , with
many Strings or Fibres thereat, from whence rifes
tip many long and hairy Leaves , compofed of divers
little Leaves, with larger at the top, and thefe f nipt
or dented about the edges, like as the Common Avens :
among thefe Leaves rife up feveral Stalks, a loot
or mote in height , on which grow Flowers, whofe
Heads hang down : the tops of the Stalks, and Cups
of the Flowers, are commonly of a purplifh Tellow,
but the Flowers fcarcely appear above the Husks that
contain them : Thefe Flowers themfelves are of a

pretty Red Colour, and are of divers fhapes, and
grow divers ways : ( which is the reafon that Clu-
fius, and fome others, have judged them to be feve-
ral Plants, giving the Flowers here expreft for a
differing kind. ) lor fome of thefe Flowers, even the
greatefl part of them grow with five Red, round
pointed Leaves, which never lye fair open, but only
fland ftraight out, the middlepart being filled with
a hairy matter, and yellowifh Threads : Some of thefe
Flowers confijl of Seven, Eight , Nine, or more
Leaves, and fome again lye wholly open, with Green
Leaves, growing clofe under the Cup of the Flower •
and fome few now and then may be found compofed
of a great many little Leaves, thick tbrufl together,
making a very double Flower : after the Flowers are
fallen come fitch hairy Heads, as you fee in the FL
gure, and in other Plants of this Kind, among which
lies the Seed.

IV. 2. Avens with a large double purple Flower.
Tho" fome make this to be a differentKind from the lafl
yet doubt lefs it is not, but is one of the fportings of
Nature, wherein Jhe alls varioufly in one and the
fame Plant and therefore the Defcription of the
laft may fully ferye for this, there being in truth
no variation but in the Flower, as we have in the
former, above, already declared.

V. 3. Mountain Avens with Germander Leaves.
It has a long, thick, hard, woody Root, with many
Sprigs or Strings growing from it, and fpreading
under ground, of a brown blackifh colour • from
whence fpnng up feveral hard, woody Stalks, eight
or nine Inches long, fpread upon the Earth , of a
blown, 7 eddifh colour, which have Leaves growing
upon them without any order, like to Germander
Leaves, but leffer, harder, more wrinkled, and flaw-
like indented on the edges, of a White Hony colour
below 07 underneath, and of a blackifh Green colour
above, having an Aflringent Tafte. The Flowers
are White, and each Flower flan ds upon a flender
hairy Foot-flalk, about three or four Inches long,
twice as big as a Strawberry Flower, and confifting

Teaves apiece, or more, in the midale of
which is a Thrummy Head, of a /mail hairy fub-
flanc?, which being fallen, there fucceeds little Dow-
I ny

'

Salmon s ‘Herbal Lib. I.

ny or Feathered Heads, not much unlike to thofe of
the Pafque-fiozaer. , with an oblong Seed , of a Sad Red
(dolour. And the bottoms of the {'lowers are fujlain-
ed, as it toe re, with narrow oblong hairy Leaves.

VI. 4. Cinquefoil A veils. It has a Root compofed
of many tough Strings, of a brozvnifij Colour, and
fuelling Jo me what like to the former Kinds, from
whence nj'es up Leaves divided into five parts like
unto Cinquefoil , dented about the edges, and having
Stalks about a Loot high, having fuch like Leaves
thereon, at the Joints where it branches forth : at
the tops whereof J'tand Pale Tcllow Flowers, like thofe
of the Common Avens, but fmaller, with many Tel-
lower Threads, Jomewhat Downy in the middle.

VII. 5. Mountain Avens of Virginia. Th A is whol-
ly like to the Purple Avens, Jirfi deferibed in this
Chapter, but it is taller and larger than that, almojl
m every refpetl, and fcdrcely differing in any^ thing
elfe and it yields flat, thin, b/ackifi Seed in Husk.

VIII. 6. Mountain Avens, with great yellow
Flowers. 'This has a thick, long,brownifi) round Root,
of the bignefs of ones Linger, creeping under the
upper Cruft of the Earth , not altogether Jo Jlringy
as the Common, deferibed in Chap. 41. SeCt. 3. afore-
going, but having fome fmall Fibres fhooting down-
wards in feveral places, and Smelling and Tafling
like to Cloves, or thefe of the firjl Common fort -,
from whence comes forth divers winged Leaves, made
of many fmall Leaves towards the bottom, Jlanding
on both fides of the Rib, the end Leaves being largejl
and whole, not divided, but fomewhat deeply dent-
ed, or cut in on the edges, of a frefher green colour
like wife, f of ter alfo and gentler in handling, than
thofe of the Common Kind : from among which rife
up flender Stalks, feldom branched, having very few
Leaves thereon, at the Tops whereof flands ufually
one Flower apiece, and fometimes more, made for
the mojl part like thofe of the Common fort, confijl-
ing of five or fix Leaves, much larger than thofe,
and of a deeper Tellow Colour, and fometimes with a
White Flower, as Camerarius in horto fays, tending
to rednefs , having many Tellow Threads in the mid-
dle, compaffing a Green Head, which ivhen the Flower
is pa ft, increafes to be a round Head, befet zvith flat
Seeds, not fo rough , or ready to flick to ones Cloths,
but every one of them having a long Feather-like
Hair or Thread at the end. The zvhole Plant, as well
Leaves as blowers and Seed, are covered with a
Jmall foft hairy DoWn, which is not much, or eafie
to be difcerned , unlefs one takes good notice thereof,
or heeds it very well.

IX. The Places. The firjl of thefe are found by
Water Sides in Wet or Marfh Grounds on the
Mountains ^ in Northern Mountainous Places in
England, as about Settle and Ingleton, &c. alfo in
Wales, about Snowden Hill, &c. and in divers other
places. The fecond has been found near Strickland
magnum in Wefimvrland. The third is found in fe-
veral of the Alpine Mountains -, and in Ireland, on
the Mountains between Gort and Galloway. The
fourth was found by Pena on the Rhctian Alps near
Clatena, who at hr ft took it to be a kind of Cinque-
foil, but by the Smell and Tafte, found it to be
Avens .- it has been found in the Den of Bethaick
in Scotland. The fifth grows in Virginia , Carolina,
and other parts of Florida, and is only nourifhed
no with us in Gardens. The fixth is found upon
divers Mountains, as on Coronas in Bohemia, by the
Springs of the River Albis, as Matthiulus fays, and
upon Mount Baldus, as Pena fays, and in many
other places. Bauhinus found it in Mount Brau-
Hum of the Rhetians -, and Clufius on the Ridges of
the Higheft Alps , not every where, but among!!
Grafs arid Shrubs ^ but with us it is chiefly nourifh-
ed up in Gardens.

X. The Times. They Flower from the beginning
of May, to the end of July-, and their Seed is ripe
in Auguft, or not long after.

XI. The Qualities. Thefe are all generally of a
Nature, and have the fame Qualities and Virtues.
They are hot and dry in the fecond Degree : They
incide, attenuate, open, cleanfe, difeufs, refolve ex-
pel Wind ^ are Aftringent, Vulnerary, and refill PoR
fon : and are appropriated to the Head, Nerves
Heart, Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Womb, and Joints/

XII. The Specification. They have a peculiar pro-
perty in curing Wounds and Ulcers, opening all forts
of ObftruCtions, drying up Catarrhs, and flopping
preternatural Fluxes of the Bowels.

XIII. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing
of them but you may have from their Roots
( which are chiefly in ufe ) i.A Ponder of the Root,
2. A Decolhon. 3. A Wine. 4. A Juice. %. An Ef-
fence. 6. A Spirituous Tinflure. 7. A Saline Tin-
clure. 8. An Oily Tmtture. 9. An Ointment .
I o. A ,Balf am. 11. A Cataplafm. 1 2. A mixture
for callous Ulcers.

The Virtues .

XIV. The Virtues of all thefe Mountain Avens ,
are the fame with thofe of the Common Avens, and
are applied to all the fame Difeafes, and differ in
nothing but the degree of their flrengthv force, or
efficacy * for that thefe Wild or Mountain Avens ,
are much flronger than die Common Kinds, and
operate more powerfully, fpeedily and effectually
than they can poffibly do : and therefore, the Vir-
tues and Ufes of the feveral Preparations afore-
named, are the fame with thofe of the Common A-
vens before declared in Chap. 41. Sect. 10. to Sell.
21. to which you are referred.

CHAP. XLIII.

Of Common BARLEY.

I. ' I A H E Names. It is called in Hebrew mjpto,
J- Segnorah, Job 31. 4. and Joel 1. n.Uc. In
Arabick, Xahaer, Shair : In Greek, KztSri ; in Latin
Hordeum : and in Englijh, Barley.

II. The Kinds. It is either A lanured or Wild, of
which latter in the next Chapter. The Manured is,
Hordeum Diftichum, Common Barley. 2. Hordeum
Difiichum l at i us, Bear or Battledore Barley. 3. Hor-
deum Polytlichon, Square Barley, or Winter Barley .
4. r vfxvoxeiQcv, Galeni, Ziortv&v, Hordeum nudum
Zeopyrum, Tritico Speltum, Naked Barley.

III. The Defcriptions. The firjl has a Grajfy Root,
zvith many fmall Fibres or Strings, from whence ri-
fes up feveral Grajfy Leaves and. Stalks, fometimes
more, fometimes lefs -, which are Jhorter and fofter
than thofe of Wheat, and the Grajfy Leaves are alfo
fhorter, broader and rougher , and the Stalks rife up
to be 12, 14, 16, or 18 Inches high, according to the
goodnefs of the Ground: at the Tops whereof comes
forth Ears, having tzvo rows of Corn, fet in good,
order, each inclofed in a Husk, flicking clofe to the
Grain, and having a long rough Aune or Beard
thereat, which is many times greater and longer than
Wheat , and zvhiter alfo, not very eafily falling out
of the Ear. Cordus/^yr, that this kind makes a re-
compense for the fmallnefs of the Ear, by the num-
ber of the. Stalks each Grain or Root produces for ,

fays

Chap. 43.

fays be , I have nimbrei above fixty Stalks rifing
from the Root of one Corn, but uftally twenty , thirty,
and forty-

IV. T be feconi Kind is like the other in all re-
f pells, excepting in the Ear , which is indeed much
broader, ( tho’ it has but two rows , as the former )
for that the Grains lye more ftraight out, not fo
much J loping upwards, and withal they are fomething
larger, but the Awnes or Beard, not full out fo
long.

V. The third Kind. This is alfo altogether like
the other Kinds in the Root, Stalk, Leap and Grain,
but differs only in the Ear, this always having four
Rows of Grains, whereas the others have but two :
Some Authors xoill have it, that this kind has feme-
times fix Rows of Grains on the Ear , called, Hc'r-
deum Hexafticum, or Cantherimim. But I am of
Opinion it is of a different Kind from the four Row,
ed -, or Square Barley ; for that this is leffe'r , and
without doubt is that fmall kind which is brought to
us out of Germany, and fold in our Grocers Shops ,
called Pearl Barley : There is alfo a fart of large
hii/’d Barley, called French Barley, which is only our
common Englilh Barley hull’d ; and is called French,
becaufe it was firft of all hull’d in France.

VI. The fourth Kind. The Root is GraJJy, with
many f ibres or Strings at it ; whence rifes up Stalks,
like to the Common Barley , or rather like unto Spelt,
fave that the Ears are rounder 5 but it has not fo
many Stalks rifing from the Root, as the Common
Barley has ■, it has many rows of Corns in the Ears,
which are tnclofed in the Husks, but have not that
hard or harjh Skin or Husk upon them, which the
Common Barley has, with long, rough Awnes or
Beards at their ends -, and the Grains or Corns are
more lank, fmall, yellow, andfhort , and naked, with-
out Husks, growing almojl like Wheat, the which in
its yellowijh Colour it fomewhat refembles.

VII. The Places. The firft or our Common Bar-
ley, is Town in all the Southern parts cf the King-
dom ; the fecond is Town in the North parts only :
thfc third is reafonably frequent in our Land. The
laft is fown in feveral places of Germany , for the
lame ules as the other Barley is ; this is tare with
us, yet it is fown in our Gardens , where it ftouri-
(hes very well.

VIII. The Times. Barley is fown with us ill
March, efpecially the two firft kinds : the Square
or Winter Barley, is faid to be fown before Winter 5
but all forts of Barley ( even the Winter Barley )
are fown With U3 in England in March or April,
and are tipe or fit for cutting in Auguft following,
or beginning of September at farthelt.

IX. The Qualities. They ate cooling and drying
in the firft Degree. They are gently Repercuffive,
Abfterfive, Diuretick, and Anodyne, appropriated to
the Lungs and Reins ; alfo Antifebritick and Ga-
lafifogenetick, or breeding Milk.

X. The Specification. They are peculiar for al-
laying the heat of Blood in Fevers, to help Pilling
Blood, and Iharpnefs of Urine, being cauled thro’
the Application of Veficatories, by an unskilful
hand.

XI. The P reparations. You may have from the
Grain, 1 .Malt. 2. Beer. 3. Ale. 4 .A Spirit. ;.Pc-
lenta. 6. Maza. 7. Ptifan. 8. Teft. 9. Paces or Bot-
toms of Ale or Beer. 10. A Balfam. 1 1 . The Meal
or flower. 12. Bread. 13. Cream. 14. Barley Water.
15. A Cataplafm. 16. A Mixture. 17. A Julep.
18. A Bath. 19. An Emplajler. 20. A Dijlil/ed
Water from the green Plant, whiljl the Grain is yet
green , or not fully ripe. ai. Brewers Grains.

The Virtues.

XII. The Malt. This is called in Greek, Bi/rat
by JEtius : in Katin , Byne, and Maltum -, which is
a made Latin Word, from the German Word Maltz,
or our Englijh Word Malt, which is Barley prepa
red for Brewing Ale or Beer ; the manner of which
Preparation is thus : Take a Quantity of Barley, as
much as you pleafe, put it into Cijferns made for that
purpofe, which you may fill full with the Barley,
then iffufe fo much Water thereon as may cover it,
and there let the Grain foak for two or three Days

\ 2 and

Salmon’ s “Herbal. Lib. I.

find Nights , till it is well fwcln ; then drain the
Water from it by a Cock or Pipe below • which done ,
the J we lied Barley is to be taken out of the Cijlerns ,
and J'pread equally , or of an equal thicknefs , zz/w?
//;<? Floor of a Malting Houfe , about half a Foot

thick , o/- more , and according as the Air is cold , z>
/j- covered with Cloths , or ro/ covered , <z/zd zx to lye
till it begins to fprout , ready as it were to grow ,
which will be performed in two or three days , if the
Weather is warm , or roz wry cold-, otherwife it may
lye longer : before it grows hot , which it is apt to do ,
zt zx to be turned with Shovels for that purpofe , /too
or //;ro<? times a Day for a Week or ten Days toge-
ther, 7o cool it , and dry it : When it is thus dryed ,
7/ zx put upon a Malt Kiln , oW /foro it is through-
ly dryed by the help of Fire , either of Straw ,

Furzes or Wood , /o caufe it to have the fweeter Re-
lifh or Tafte : If it is dryed with Faggots or Wood,
the Malf will tafte Bitterilh from the Smoak, and
will eafily be perceived in the Drink, which will
tafte Bitter : If it is dried with Furzes, or other
light fluff, it will tafte lefs Bitter * but the only
choice Malt is that which is dried with Straw, for
that is truly Sweet, and makes the only pleafant
Drink. Malt being grofly Ground is made into
Beer and Ale, as we fhail in the next place Ihew.
Ground Malt Fryed, and applied in a Bag, as hot
as can be endured to the Sides or Belly, gives eafe
in Pains proceeding from Stitches, Colick, or Gri-
pings caufed through Cold or Wind : Made into a
rultife, it is good to aflwage Inflamations, or other
like Tumors or Swellings.

XIII. Beer. This is called in Greek. , ZJ0©- ; in
Latin, Zythum , Cerevifta Lupulata -, and in Englifh ,
Beer. It is made by Infufion of Ground Malt , and
a due Quantity of Hops in a fujficient Quantity of
Boiling Water in a proper Fat or VeJJel, fo long till
the whole Virtue and Goodnefs is Ext railed out of
both Malt and Hops •, then this Liquor is drawn off:
Now leff any goodnefs fhould yet be left in the re-
maining Malt , another Quantity of Boiling Liquor
is put thereon , and fo ffirred well together , and kept
in Infufion till the remaining Sweetnefs is Extracted
into the Liquor : Thefe two Liquors ( or more , if
you think needful to make them ) which are called
Worts , viz. the Stronger and the Smaller Worts , are
put together , and being mixed , are put into Coolers ,
to bring them to a juff Heat , or rather Warmth , to
make them fit for a Jucceeding Fermentation : Being
thus only brought to a Warmth , the Liquor is put
into the Working Fat \ and to caufe or facilitate the
Fermentation or Working , a proportional Quantity of
Ferment or Left is added , and mixt with it , and the
Working is continued fo long till both La fie and
Smell give a Demonfiration , that the Nature of the
Liquor is changed , and turned from a dull, heavy ,
fweet Tafie , to a kind of a Vinous Aflivity and Fla-
vor. I know our Common- Brewers Boil their
Worts, and it is their Opinion, that the Beer or Ale
will not keep without fuch Boiling j but Experi-
ence has long fince refuted the Error or Vanity of
fuch Conceptions : ’tis only the Liquors being ftrong
of the Malt, which makes the Ale or Beer keep •,
it it is weak in that, boil it as long as you will, it
will foon grow Small, Hard, and Soure, nor can
you prevent it, do what you can : and if it is very
ftrong of the Malt ( and not too much fermented )
tho’ the Worts were never Boiled at all, yet will
the Drink keep feveral Years Good, and grow nei-
ther Soure, nor Hard, as your Drink made of Boil-
ed Worts does ; and of this I am a particular and
taithful Witnefs : See more Arguments againft the
Boiling of Worts in my Seplafium. , or Druggifts
Shop , lib. 8. cap. 7 .fed. 26. where you may receive
abundant Satisfaction, almoft next to Demonftra-
tion.

XIV. Ale. This was called in Greek by DwJ-
corides , K«f^, j^Kof In Latin, Cur mi, (Yfom the
Greek,) alfo Cerevifta, Cervifia, & Cervifui non lu-
pulata, or Drink not Hopt, now called Ale. It is
made of Malt exallly as Beer is made, without any
difference, except in the Hopping, which is here
wanting. But of late, in the Summer Time the
Brewers put in a fmall quanty of Hops, to make
the Ale keep the better, which is the property of
the Hops, confirmed to us by Experience. Ale with-
out doubt is the moft Ancient Drink of our Land •
But it has loft much of its Reputation fince Beer
came into Fafhion or tlfe5 becaufe the Hops make it
more durable without Towering, and lefs fullfome
and more wholfome. Elowever, whether it is Ale
or Beer that is drunk, that is the beft and more
wholfom which is recent or new, than that which
is hard or ftale, the former being cleaning and
keeping the Body open and more Soluble; whereas
the ftale is Aftringent, and flopping, caufing heart-
burnings in many, and breeding Acid Humors and
laying the Foundation of an zicid Ferment.

XV. The Spirit. It is drawn from Beer or Ale
grown very hard, prickt, or almofi fewer. It maybe
drawn in a Copper Vefica, with its Serpentine or
Worm, with a gentle Fire, drawing off two thirds of
the Liquor : or it may be mixt with double the quart-
[ity of fair Water, and one third part or better may
be drawn off with a ftrong Fire , fo will it have lefs
of an Empyreuma : this Spirit thus drawn off muft
be re [fifed, by mixing it with an equal quantity of
Water, and drawing off the one half: and by repeat-
ing this Work feveral times, you zvi/l fo purely wafb
andperfetflycleanfe the Spirit, that all its Empyreuma
and ill feent will be taken totally from it ; This be-
ing done, you may either keep it in its prefent con-
dition, of the Strength of Common Brandy , for
common and ordinary Ules : or you may Defieg-
mate it by reiterated Diftillations per fe, either in a
Copper Vefica tin’d wihin with its Worm, drawing-
off only the fine Spirit, leaving the Flegm behind&
or you may Diftill it in a Glafs Body or Bolt Head
in Balneo Maria, or a very gentle Sand heat, which
will caufe the fubtil Spirit only to Afcend, leaving
the Watry parts below; and this Work is fo often
to be repeated, till the Spirit is become purely fine
and free from Flegm, ftrong enough to fire Gun-
powder. This Work will the better be done, if
a proportional quantity of Common or Bay Salt
or Pot-Afhes be caft into the Spirit: for the Salt
diffolving in the Flegm, will keep it down or make
it flay behind , and caufe the Liquor to yield its
Spirit with much more eafe and freedom, and more
pure from Flegm and Empyreuma. As to its Virtues
and Ufes, it has the fame Nature, Quality, and Ufe
with the Spirit of Wine, and performs all the fame
things, in making Tintfures, Cordial Water, Elixirs
Powers, Volatile Spirits , Baths, Cfc. and therefore
to that you are referred.

XVI. Polenta. This the Ancients made varioufly:
Pliny lib. 18. chap. 7. fays that the Greeks made it
of Green Barly taken out of the Ear before it was
fully ripe, ft eeped in Water, then beaten in a Mortar
after zvafbed in Baskets, to free it from the Husks,

Jo dried in the Sun, and afterwards fteeped and
beaten again, till it was throughly cleanfed, which
being dried was ground fmall: of this they took xx.
pounds, and added thereto, Lin-feed, Coriander feed
of each j. pound: Salt ij. ounces: thefe laft things
well beaten together were mixed with the Barly, and
and fo prepared for ufe. II. Other Grecians, fays
Pliny, Made it of Barly fteeped fora Night in Water
and Husked by beating in a Mortar , after dried
and Jo parched or fried it the next day, and then
ground it to Meal, to make Bread, Cakes , Puddings

as

Chap. 41. UngUJk Herbs .

61

w Broathof. III. The Italians Made ir of "Parched
Burly, without any moi fining, ground /mall-, to xx.
pounds of which they added Millet-feed in Ponder iij.
pounds: Coriander-feed, Lin-feed, well beatenof each
f pound, Salt ij. ounces and a half and then mixt
them all together. IV. Galen Commends it to be
. Made of f rejh Barly not full out ripe or hardned ,
and before the Beard was white , or quite dry , and
then indifferently parched , and reduced to Homer ,
adding nothing etfe to it. Many Nations riled this
Polenta inftead of Bread ; and the Cypriots tho’
they had Wheat growing with them, yet moftly eat
this. It drys and aftringes more than Barly it felf;
binding the Belly and flopping fluxes, being drunk
with Alicant , or red Wine : drunk with Water, it
quenches thirfl, and allays Inflamations of the
1 hroat or Lungs. It was often eaten mixed with
new Wine, or boiled up with Wine, and fo eaten,
as every one liked belt.

XVII. Maza. This is only Polenta , or the
Flower of Parched Barly , moiftned with fome
kind of Liquor , as every one liked belt : fome
with Water , fome with Water and Oil Olive , fome
with fweet Wine, fome with Wine and Oil , and
fome mixed it with Honey , as Hefychius , Hippo-
crates and Galen declare : but Galen lays that Maza,
is hard of Digeftion, and generates Wind : if it is
well moiftned with Water , fweet Wine, or Oil ,
and Honey alio is added to it, it the looner paffes
off.

XVIII. Pti/ana. The Ancients made it of feve-
veral lorts of Grain, not of Barly only, but of
Wheat, Rice, Oats, Peafe , He Mils. But Ptifan ,
Amply confidered, is always underftood to be made
or Husked Barly only. Hippocrates his way of
making of it is thus, Take the be ft Barly, keep it
in Water jour Hours or more, then put it into a
courfe Bag, and beat it with a Mallet or wooden
Pefile till the Husks come off which take away by wafh-
ing, dry it in the Sun, and keep it for ufe. Take of
this hulled Barly what you pleafe , and boile it in a
Sufficient quantity of Water till it breaks, and that
the liquor is thick like Cream : this liquor is the
Ptifan, which ought to be moderately liquid. This
has no Aftrifiaon, nor troubles the Stomach -or
Bowels, nor fwells or fills them with Wind, for
the Windy part is vanilhed by boiling : it clogs not
the Breft or Stomach, but by its Lubricity it eafily
digefts and palfes oft; and quenches Thirfl by its
moittning quality ; and for thefe properties fake, it
is profitable both for lick and well: Thus Hippocra-
tes and Galen. But Diofcorides further adds, T hat
this Ptifan by reafon of its being boiled, yields
more nourifhment than Polenta, is good againif
Exulcerations, and to help the hoarfnefs and Rough-
nefs of the Throat. This was the Ptifan of the
Ancients: but the Phificians in our Times make
it thus, T ake huled Barly, commonly called French
Barly boil it m Water till it be foft or broken, then
beat it in a Mortar, and Jirain ir, to which add
blanched Almonds, Melon and Citrul Seeds, beaten
to a Pulp , and then rmxt together. This is their
u Ilia] Ptifan, ox Barly Milk. Ptifan Drink is thus
made. Take hulled Barley, boil it in a Jirft Water,
and then in a fecond Water, but Something lefs than
in the former Recipe, Jirain away the Water front the
Barly, and to iij. quarts of this Water, add Raifins
of the Sun Jioned iv. ounces , Blew Currants ij.
ounces. Liquorice bruifed j. ounce , fweet Fennel feeds
Uj. drams. Coriander feeds j. dram and half Maiden
Hair a handful * boil again a quarter of an Hour , or
better, then firain out for ordinary Drink. It is
good againft Coughs, Colds, Hoarfnefs, fhortnefs
or Breath, difficulty of Breathing, obftru&ions of
the Lungs, coftivenels of the Bowells, and alfo
for weak and Cofumptive Bodies.

, XiX- IhereA is ^-he Superrtcial Fuculency of
the Drink, railed, therefrom in Working; and fell
begets left, haftning on and more fpeedily perfecl-
lng the fermentation of the Liquor, which is a
feparating of the Flowery or Mealy Particles of the
Malt from the Wort, and the flirting up an innate
and latent Acid into aft, to give the Drink a plea-
iant fort of bnsknefs or Quicknefs, enlivening it
andkin<i of Vinous Spirit. This left
by Difliliation yields a Vinous Spirit, of equal Vir-
tu^ with the of Wine : and Bakers ufe Ale
left lnlteap of Leaven , to make their Bread lfiht,
winch would othetwife be fad: but Phyfically ft is
chiefly of External ufe. Being immediately apply’d
in Burns and Scalds, it prefently takes out the Fire'
and eafes the [matting Pain, making the affeft more
■ealy and yielding to other Medicaments. Apply'd
to Phlegmons, and other like Tumors, it helps to dif-
cufs and refolve them, unlefs they be Apoltemated,
and then it battens the fuppuration of the Apoftari
or Tumor, and alleviates the pain. Being boiled
to a Salve or Emplaftick body, and apply’d, ir
Ifrengthens a weak Back, and weak Joints, eafes
Pam in thofe or other parts; and is difcufiiye and
refolutive.

XX. The Faces or bottoms of the Bare/s, called
by lome, Emptyings. They yield a Spirit by diftilla-
tion like the Yell, which may be reSified to th'e like
degree of. Subtilty andpurity ; and may ferve for all
the lame intentions the other will ferve for, whether
Chymical or Pharmaceutical : And the Faces or Bot-
toms xhemhdves are good to be outwardly applyed
in all the fame cafes, and to all the fame Di flails
tor which we have preferibed the Left in the for-
mer Section to be applyed. But this is not fo good
for the Fermentation of Worts, as Tefl is, becaufe
it will fcarcely work at all and if it does it is fo
meanly and weakly that it makes rather a Flat and
Infipid or dead kind of Liquor , than any thing
which has bnsknefs and Lite : But it may be re-
newed, by adding a little fower Leaven to ir, dffo/ved
in a little of ft rang or fweet Wort, mixing them well
together , ad digefiing them in a warm place, for fome
little time. J

X XI. The Balfam. It is made of ftrong Me by
gently boiling it fo long nil it becomes thick like
Chio Turpentine, and wdlfpreai on Leather like a
n w or,Mt Cerote. This being apply’d warm to
the Neck or Throat troubled with the Kings Evil or
hard Swellings> gives much eale
and either difcufles or refolves them: it is good to
refolve contra&ed Sinews and Tendons, comfort and
ttrengthen weak Nerves and Joints, and is an excel-
lent tiling for weaknefs and pain in the Back, and
to apply it to any part or Member which is hurt by
ipraimng, fills, blows, or other the like Accidents.

AAI1. The Meal or Flower. The Ancients of
old made of it Bread, 2. Kings 4. 42. John 6. o,
and 13. They made alfo Cakes of it, Judges 7. 12.
Ezek. 4. 12. And fo they have done almoii
m all Nations, and in molt parts of this King-
dome, within thefe three or fourfeore years fill palt-
they made alfo of it a kind of boiled Bread ox Pud-
dings^, ana fried Bread or Pancakes-, but now in
our days Wheat being fo plentiful with us, Barly is
wholly difufed, unlefs amongft the pooreft of the
People. The Turks at this day make a kind of
0a rilc Meal or Flower which they call
Utauffet : Thus, they take the Meal or Flower which
they make into Pafte, and boil it in a great Caldron ■
after which it is made into /mail balls : thefe balls be-
ing caft into the Water, it will prefently boile up of
- 1 “ id ' m ^ &row ™rio“t the help of any Fire

andbecome by working a kind of thick Drink. It S'
j of a whitifh Color, thick, of a good-nourKhmenr

fuir.es-

<5 2 Salmon’ s ‘Herbal . Lib. I.

fumes into the Head, and ciufes Drunkennels it it
is too largely taken; and this kind of Brink, fays
P dries Bel lorn us, is ufually fold in all the Cities ot
A (io, in the Tap Houfes appointed for it, ' and gene-
rally with them called Cbaujfet. In the Levant, and
other the Eaflern parts of the World Early is yet
more eaten, and made more into Bread than Wheat ,

I fuppofe becaufe it is more cooling, and preventive
of f evers •, it is alfo cheaper for the poor and ordina-
ry fort of People : it nourilhes much lels than Wheat ,
but the Grain being Maulted, makes a more excel-
ent Brink, clearer, thinner, purer, more Itomatick
and Diuretick.

XXIII. The Bread. It is made of the Blower
with a proportional quantity of Water and Salt ; to
every bujhel of which Blower, a four Leaven, as big
as a Mans fifl doubled, or a Pint of Ale Yeft, is
added, being dijfolved in the warm Water, with which
the Pajle or Bough is made: this being mixed 'with
one part of the Blower, is covered with the other,
and left in digefl ion for an hour or two , that the whole
may be Leavened-, then the Pa fie or Bough is made
by mingling all well together, and kneading it with the
hands, till it becomes aft i ff Pajle ; which then is
fujfered to ly again about half an hour , and then made
up into Loaves , which are after baked in an Oven.
This Bread is proper to be eaten whileft new, agree-
ing then molt with the Stomach, and nourifhing belt.
Apply’d to the place where the Pain is, in a Vehe-
Head-ach, as foon as it comes out of the Oven, or
as hot as the Patient can indure it, it gives prefent
cafe and in a few times Application, cures it.

XXIV. The Cream. It is made of hull'd Barley,
boiled in a firfl Water and cafl away, then boiled in
a fecond Water, till the Grain burfls, and is per-
fettly foft : which is then beaten well in a Mortar,
and mixed in the Water in which it is boiled, and
Jlrained through a Cheefe Cloth : then Melon feeds
blanched are beaten to a Pulp , and mixed with Milk,
and f ramed till all the oily and moifl part of the
feeds are taken forth: This Milk is fweetned
with double Refined Sugar, and mixed zvith the for-
mer flranings of the Barley; fo you have Barley
Cream. Some at Eating mix with it a little Damask
Rofe Water and Juice of Limons. This ordinarily
taken is good againlt hot burning Fevers, and fuch
as are weak, faint and feeble , labouring under
Hefticks, and Confumptions, for it cools preterna-
tural heats, and reftores much. Without the Juice
of Limons, it is good againft fharpnefs of Urine,
and fuch as make a Bloody Water.

XXV. Barley Water. It is made of hull'd Bar-
ley, boiled in a firfl Water, and that cafl away, and
then boiled in a fecond Water, half a pound of Bar-
ley to a Gallon of Water, adding alfo an ounce and
half of burnt Hartfhom, boiling them fo long till the
Barly is breaking: then the Water is fl rained
from the other things , and made p leaf ant with the
Juice of Limons, and double Refined Sugar. This
is uled as ordinary Drink for fuch as are in Burning
or Malign Fevers, Heftick Fevers , Confumptions,
or any other ways difturbed with heat-, it cools,
admirably quenches Thirft, and prevails againlt
Difeafes of the Lungs.

XXVI. The Cataplafin. i . Take Barley Blower
xij. ounces. Meal of Fleawort feeds iij. ounces. Honey,
Oil of Lillies, of each ij. ounces , Water a J'uJficient
quantity, mix and boil it to the confiflence of a Pul-
tife. This apply’d warm cures Tumors under the
Ears, in the Neck and Throat, and other the like
places. 2. Take Barley Meal or Blower, xvj. ounces,
Pouders of Fenugreek feed, Lin feed and Rue, of
each iij. ounces. Blowers of Melilot and Camomile
chopt f inal l of each ij. ounces, boile all in fweet Wine
to a thicknefs. This apply’d warm, difcufles Infla-

mations, expels Wind out of the Bowels, and eafes
Pains of the fides, Stomach, and Spleen. 3. Take
Barly Blower xij. ounces. Louder of Pomgranat peels
and Myrtle Berries , of each iij. ounces. Red Wine ,
a fufficient quantity, mix, and boile to a Confiflency :
apply’d to the Belly, it is faid to flop the Loofnels,
or other Fluxes of the Belly. 4. Take Barley
Blower xvj. ounces, fharp Wine Vinegar, a fufficient
quantity, mix and boile to the thicknefs of a Cata-
plafm. It is good againft Scurfy Dandriff, or Mor-
)hew in the Head or any other part, being laid on
tot, and as Authors fay helps the Leprofy. 5. Take
Barley Blower xvj. ounces, white Salt and Honey, of
each iij. ounces, white Wine Vinegar a fufficient
quantity, mix and make a Cataplafin . Apply’d it is
faid certainly to cure the Itch.

XXVII. The Mixture. Take Barley Water xij.
ounces. Sirup of Corn Poppies iij. ounces. Tin (lure
of the fame Blowers made with Spirit of Wine ij.
ounces, mix them. Dole iij ounces twice or thrice a
day ; with this I have cured feveral Plurifies. But
Tho. Bartholinus , Germ. Ephem. An. 2. obs. 2. Pro-
feffes to cure Vehement Plurifies with Barley Water
alone.

XXVIII. The Julep. Take hulled Barley iij. ounces,
boil it in a firfl Water, which cafl away boil it a-
gain in iij. quarts more of Water, Liquorice bruifed.
Strawberry Leaves, Violet Leaves, of each ij. band-
fulls, boile till a quart or three pints is confirmed,
then flrain out, and dulcifie it with iv. ounces of
Sirup of Violets : It provokes Urine, and is very
good in Cholerick Fevers. 2. Take hulled Barley
viij. ounces, boil it in Water, which cafl away -, and
boile it again in iij. quarts more of Waiter, adding
Fennel feeds bruifed, (towards the end of the boil-
ing) iij. ounces, boil till the Barley breaks, then
flrain out, and fweet en with white Sugar Candy. It
breeds Milk in Nurfes plentifully, cools the heat
and fharpnefs of Urine, and helps Piffing Blood,
efpecially if it is caufed by the Application of
Veficatories, or Bliftering Plaifters. It is good
againft Coughs, Colds , Wheezings , Hoarfnefs
Althma’s, Cfc.

XXIX. The Bath. Take Leaves of Mallows,
Violets, Beets, Fumitory, Black Hellebor , of each
iij. handfulls. Barley iv. pound, boil them in a f afflu-
ent quantity of Water for a Bath, till the Barley
breaks ; the Grain is to be boiled a confiderable time
firfl, and then the Herbs to be put in towards the end of
the boiling. It is a very effectual thing againft Scurfy
Morphew, Leprofie, Scabs, Itch, and other break-
ings out, being often ufed.

XXX. The Emplafter. Take Barley Blower ij.
pounds. Tar j. pound. Wax half a pound. Oil Olive a
fufficient quantity, mix and boil to the confiflence of
a Cerote, or fojt Emplafter. It is laid to cure hard
Swellings of the Throat and other places called the
Kings Evil. Apply’d alfo, it is an admirable thing
to cure the Gout.

XXXI. The Bi filled Water from the green Barly,
and the whole Plant. It is Diftilled in the end of
May, and is good to cool Inflamed Eyes, and for
fuch as have Defluxions upon them, to Itay the Hu-
mors, and to eafe the Pain, being often dropped in-
to them ; white Bread being alfo dipt therein, and
apply’d upon them, does the fame.

XXXII. The Grains, which are left after Brew-
ing. Tho they are generally ufed as Food or Meat
for Horfes, Cows, Sheep, Hogs, and Fowls; yet
they have lome Phyfical Virtues alfo : for they are
beneficial in curing Lamenefs in the Hands, Arms,
Legs or Feet, cauled through Cold, or evil Humors,
being fallen into them , as alfo lhrinkings of the
Sinews, Cramps, and pains in rhe Nerves or Joynts,
if a Bathing-Tub or Barrel be filled with them

whileft

Chap. 44. ‘EngUJh Herbs .

6

whileft they are hot, or. if cold, heated again as
hot as may poffibly be fuffered; and the Patient fit
therein, fo as to covet thofe parts, that they may
gently fweat, as Jong as he can well endure it
without Fainting : this I fay, if it is done three or
four times, or mote if need requires it, will both
abate the Swelling and eafe the Pain; alfo re-
ltore the Nerves, Joints, and Limbs, to their priftin
health and ftrength.

CHAP. XLIV.

Of Wild BARLEY.

I.np HE Names. It is called in Greeks K etMJypJa:

I In L atin, Hordeum agrefle : In Englifh , Wild
Barley.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral Kinds thereof,
l. Zeet ^ZelctMoyoxojwof, and by Label, Bryza Mono-
coccus -, Wild or Brant Barley , Peters Corn. 2.
A;j/a«4, JEgilops , Fefluca Degenerate Barley, or
Havergrafs. 3* KeiQnv'oQ m'Dako*, (*775 7« truiv, a tra-
hendofluod ariflas e corpore trahat ) : Hordeum fpuri-
um, murimrn. , vel fpontaneum , Riflida -, Way Bar-
ley, /fa// Barley , which laft is alfo faid to bz greater
and leffer.

III. The Defcriptions. Zea, £/• Bryza, has a

/mail fibrous or Stringy Root , whence rifes up

J lender and jhort Stalks , but firm , bearing a finally
thin Spiked Ear, fet with Grains or Corn in two rows,
one Corn on each fide oppofite to the other , from the
bottom of the Ear to the top , whereby the Ear is flat,
like unto Barley ,with rough Awnes or a Beard , as Bar-
ley alfo has -, every Grain is contained fingly in a husk ,
wich flicks to it, Jo as not eafily to be gotten off-, the Ear
much refembles Barley, and the Colour of the Grain, is
a dark Red: it makes blackifh or dark brown Bread,
and not altogether fo pie af ant as our Common Barley.

IV. iEgilops, ( which in my opinion ought rather
to be called Monoccocus ) has a Root which from a
fmall Head fends forth many Fibres or Strings, from
whence Springs forth Stalks 2. or 3 . handfuls high.

refembling Wheat or Barley, Jointed in three or feu
places, from whence comes forth divers Grafs Leaves ,
of a pale green colour, and at the top of the Stalks
two or three Heads, Jet one above another, which are
round and fomwhat long, hard and ftriped, having
alfo many B cards at the end of each,' wherein, when
they are ripe and look whitifh, lye 2. or 3 .final l Grains
or Seeds a little fmaller (Jays Gerard J than Bailey .
thefe Seeds are wrapped or infolded in a Crefled Film
or Skin, out of which the Awnes come forth-, Matthi-
olus fays, that cts Lolium, or Common Darnel is
known to be a Seed degenerate from Wheat, being
found for the mo ft part among Wheat: So by his own
experimental knowledg, he had found that this iEgi-
lops or Feftuca, war a Seed or Grain , degenerating
from Barley, and is found among Barley, or where
Barley hat grown.

V. The greater Way Barley, or Wall Barley, hat
a Fibrous or Thready Root, continuing many Tears,
from whence fprings up many Graffy Leaves, and among
them feveral Benty Stalks about 1 6. or 18. Inches high,
at the top of which grows feveral whitifh yellowijh
Ears, with fomewhat rough Beards, but much Jhort er
than thofe of Barley ,and^ fome have fcarcely any Beards
at all. The Ear is much more like that of Rye than
Barley, andthe Corn, or Grains which come out of it
are brown Coloured, lank and fmall, in Color and fhape
refembling Rye, fo that it might more properly be
called Wild-Rye, Way-Rye, or Rye-Grafs, rather
than by any Appellation of Barley, to which in my
opinion it has no refemblance.

VI. The leffer Way or Wall Barley, is like the
other in its Roots, Leaves, Stalks, Ears and Grains,
fo that many have taken it to be the fame with the
former, but in this it differs , that it is much lower,
fo that it fcarcely attains to be a Foot high -, and in-
deed it comes fo near to the former Barley, or rather
Rye-Grals, that many have taken it to be one and the
fame, as even I my felf alfo do.

VII. The Places. The firft was anciently fown in
Greece, and the Ealtern Countries ; now it is Sown
in fome parts of Germany and France, but with us

it is chiefly found, in Gardens , tho it grows well
and naturally enough here as other Grains do. Ge-
rard lays, that he had often times found many Ears
of it among our ordinary barley , when he lived in
the farther fide of Lincoln-fhire , and they there
called it Brant Barley. The fecond is Sown in ma-
ny places of Italy and trance , as in Provence and
Aar bone , among their Corn, and grows well in a
moift Ground, but profpers rnoft in a more Fruitful
dry Soil: Gerard fays, it grows commonly among
their Barley in Italy, and other hot Countries ^ but
only with us in Gardens. The third and fourth, by
the High-ways, and Path-fides, as alfo on Mud
Walls, and at the Foot of other Walls, and Way-
fides in Fields , alrnofl every where through the
whole Kingdom.

Jihtj %arkij\

VIII. T be Times, the firft is a Summer Corn,
and Sown in March and April , and is ripe in the
beginning or middle of A uguft. The fecond alfo
is a Summer Grain, aud is ripe towards the latter
end of July, or the beginning of Attgufi. The
two la ft are found coming to ripenefs all the Summer
Months.

IX. The Qualities. They are all of them tem-

Eerate in refpeef to heat orcoldnefs-, and dry in the
rlf Degree. Tire firft and fecond Attenuate, di-
geit and cleanfe : and the two laft are aperitive, ab-
lterfive, and Vulnerary ^ and are all appropriated to
Difeales of the Joynts.

X. The Specification. They have a peculiar pro-
perty to cleanfe and dry up Ulcers, and refolve Tu-
mors in the Joynts. The JFgilops is faid to be a
Specifick againft the JFgilops or Fiftula in the Cor-
ner of the Eye.

XL The Preparations. The firft Kind has much
the Nature and Virtues of Common Barley, and there-
fore may have molt of thole Preparations, fo that
we (hall fay no more of them here. From the
JFgilops or Fejiuca , you may have, i. An Infujion
of the Seed in Drink or Wine. 2. A Decottion in
H ire. 3. A Syrup of the whole Plant. 4. A Pon-
der of the Seed or Grain. 5. A Juice. 6. AJhes of
the Stalks. And lrom the Way Barley or Rye-GraJs
you have, 7. A Cataplafm.

Tl)e Virtues.

XII. The Infujion in Ale, Beer , or Wine. The
Seed Infufed, or Drunk in Pouder in any of thefe
Liquors, affe&s the Head and Brain much, and
caufes Drunkennefs.

XIII. The Decottion in Wine. If it is made
with the Addition of dryed Damask Rofes, and drunk
from ij. to iv. ounces ^ as alfo the Mouth and Throat,
Gargled therewith ^ it is good againft a ftinking
Breath, I fuppofe caufed by fome filthy Ulcer or
Ulcers in thofe parts, for that it has a property to
heal Ulcers.

XIV. The Syrup. If the whole Herb, Roots,
and Seed be bruifed, boiled in Water, ftrained, and
made into Syrup with Honey, to viij. ounces, of
which if j. of Aloes Succotrina in fine Pouder be ad-
ded, you have an excellent Medicine againft foul
Ulcers of the Noftrils, by wetting Tents therein,
and putting them up the fame, holding them a pretty
while therein, and often repeating it.

XV. The Pouder. Mixed with Watter in which
a little Roch Alum , or Sacchatum Saturni has been
diffolved, and laid upon the JFgilops or Fif ula in the
Corner of the Eye^ it cures it-, it alfo cleanfes,
drys up and heals Ulcers in other parts of the body’
being fo ufed, or ftrewed on dry.

XVI. The Juice. It is mixed with Barley Meal
and fo dried : and then upon occafion moilfned
with Rofe Water , and apply ’d Plailter wife, it heals
(as Gerard lays) the JFgilops , or Fijiula in the Eyes :
it alfo foftens and affwages hard Tumors, and fweli-
ings in the Joints. Lobel fays, this has been often
tried to be effeUual againft the JFgilops , for that it
has a drying quality without fharpnefs

XVII. The AJhes of the Stalls or Straw. Made
into a Lixivium with Water, it is good againft the
Gout from a flegmatickcaufe, by often bathing there
with, and to dilfolve hard Tumors or Swellings
in theFlefti, and difeufs Tumors of the Joints.

XVIII. The Cataplafm of Way Barley or Rye Grafs.
Being made of the Green Ears and Grafs by beating
it in a Morter, and then apply’d to places bald, or
where the Hair is wanting j Gerard fays, it caufes it
to come forth and grow again.

CHAP. XLV.

Of BARREN-WORT.

L ' I ' Tl E Names. It is called in the Greek ,
X ’E ynfiJ'iov : In Latin, Epimedium 5 Epipetron ,
Epimenidium : In Englifh , Barren-wort.

II. The Kinds. It feems to be a lingular Plant
of the Kind, without any Species, tho Parkinfon
talks of an Alter um fruticofum, &c.

III. The Defcription. It ha s a Root fmall and
reddijh, fpreading much under ground , in Jhaddowy
rather than Sutlny places', from vJhence fprings up
fever al hard round Stalks , twenty or twenty four
Inches high , each Stalk divided for the mojl part into
three Branches , and each of them bearing three
Leaves apiece , which are feveral, fomwhat broad and
round, yet pointed at the ends, hard or dry in feeling,
and a little Jhar ply dented about the edges, of a light
green Colour on the upper fide, and whiter under-
neath : jrom the middle of fome of the Stalks of
Leaves, Jhoots forth with them, from the frft rifing
up of them, a fmall long Foot Stalk of Flowers , not
much higher than the Stalks of Leaves , divided into-
Branches, containing on each of them , three Flowers

apiece ,

Chap, 45. Unglijh

apiece, fcparuted into four purls, eu if the plotter con-
Jifted but of four Leaves, when as each part has
two haves, one lying cloje upon another, the inner
being yellow, and fmaller than the lower which are
red, fo that the red edge appears round about the
yellow, making it feem a yellow Flower of four
Leaves with red edges, having alfo a few yellow
Threads in the middle, fet with green, the under
fide of the Flowers being of a yellowijh red Colour ,
firiped with white lines. Gerard fays , the Flower is
but fmall conftfling of four Leaves, whofe outfides are
purple, the edges of the innerjiie red, the bottom
yellow, the middle part of a bright red Colour, and
the whole Flower J'omewhat hollow. The Flower be-
ing paft, fmall long Pods or Cods appear much like to
Saracens Confound, but jhorter, in which is contain-
ed flattijk red feed. It is a pretty Jhrttbby Plant,
and its fmell is rather Jlrong than plea/ ant.

IV. The Places. It grows on the Mountains of
Liguria, and in molt Meadows in Italy, about Bono-
nia and Vicentia ; alfo in Romania , and on the Eu-
ganian Hills. It grows With us in Gardens only, in
moilt and fhadowy places, where it brings forth
its Seed to perfeffion, tho’ D iofcorides and Pliny
fay, that it is without either Flower or Seed.

V. The Times. It Flowers at its firft coming
forth, or firft Year of its growth from June till the
middle of Augufl : but alter it has taken fell hold,
and well Rooted it felf in the Earth, a Year before,
it then Flowers in April and May.

VI. The Qualities. Galen affirms it to be mode-
rately cold and moift : I judge it to be cold and
moilt in the firft Degree : it is Repercufiive and
Difcutient, and appropriated to the Joints.

VII. The Specification. Parkin/on fays, it is
without any fpecial property , more than to keep
Womens Brealts from growing over great.

VIII. The Preparations. By reafon much of the
Virtues ol this Plant is not known, there are not
many Preparations from the fame: the chief being,
!• A Juice. 2. A Pouder of the Pacts and Leaves.
J. A Cataplafm.

Herbs, 65

Tide Virtue Y

IX. The Juice. Whether it is taken out of the
Roots pr Leaves, it is good to cool Infatuations,
and is profitable to bath with in an Eryfpilai'.

X. The Pouder. It may be made of the Roots
or Leaves, for of either thb Virtue is tHe lame, tho
if made of the Root it is thought to be ftronger •
Parkinfon fays it is reported, that being taken in-
wardly for Ibme time, it makes Women Barren :
from whence poflibly the Name might come.

XI. The Cataplafm. The Leaves made into 1
Pultile, by beating theni up with Oil, and applyed
to Womens Breafts, keeps them from growing great j
and is good to Difcufs a flight Contufion.

CHAP. XLVI.

Of Common B A S I L.

I./~| V HE Names. It is called by the Arabian r,
X Bedarog , Berendaros : in Greek ,

B unKiKov ■ in Latin , Ocimum , Bafilicum , Regium -
in Englifh , Bafil.

II. The Kinds. The general Kinds are, 1. Gar-
den. 7. Wild. The Garden Bafil is, 1. The Com-
mon Great , Ocimum Vulgatius. 2. The fmall or
Rufb Bafil , Ocimum Vulgare minus. 3. Anfated.
Bafil , Ocimum Anifatum , of which in this Chapter.
4. Bafil Gentle , or Clove Bafil , Ocimum Cary ophy l la-
tum. ry. Citron Bafil , Ocimum Cit rat urn , of which
in the next Chapter. 6. Ocimum Americanum ma-
culatum , Spotted American Bafil. 7. Ocimum Ame-
ricanum Crifpum non maculatum , Crilped American
Bafil not fpotted, of which two in Chap. 48. The
Wild Bafil is either Stone or Yields of which in their
proper Places in Chap. 49. and 50.

III. The Defcriptions. The Common Great Bi
fil, has a Threaddy and Fibrous Root which perifhes
K at

66

SalmonV Herbal Lib. I.1

at the firjl approach of Winter, and therefore is to
be J'ovon a new every Tear if you will have it -, from
whence rifes up ufually but one upright Stalk nearly
a joot high , varioufly branching forth it felf on all
/ides , whereon , at every Joint , are. Jet two Leaves ,
broad , t hick, and fat , j little pointed, oj a pie af ant
Jweet fmell , 0/ <2 frefh green Colour , and a little
J nipt about the edges-, of which fame one here and
there , are of a black reddijh hue •' towards the up-
per part of the Stalk and Branches come forth a num-
ber of /'mail whitijh flowers, which many times tend
to a dark purple, with twof mall Leaves at the Joint,.
. in fame, places green, in others brown-, after the
flowers come J. mall black Seed.

IV. T he Small Bufh Bafil., has a fibrous peri/hing
Root much like the former , from whence rifes up
J mall tender Stalks, which grow not fo high as the
former , but is thicker fpread with Branches, and
/mailer Leaves thereon, and Jet clofer together -, thefe
Leaves are little, lej's than thofe of Pennyroyal, and
the whole Plant -is low, and fine or /mail, growing into
a kind of diminutive Bufh, whence the Name of Bufh
Bafil ^ and is . of a jnor.e pie afing Jweet font than the
former by much : the blowers are J. mall and white,
and the Seed black like the other, when it yields Seed
with us, wlfoh is more feldom, it not often yielding
ripe Seed here, becaufe it neither Springs, flowers,
nor Seeds Jo early as the others. Parkinion adds
another middle Kind fomething larger than this
both in the height of the Bufh, and magnitude of the
Leaves, but not other wife differing -, which to me
feems to be one and the fame Herb, but diff ering ac-
cording to the goodnefs of the Soil,

V. Tiie Anifated Bafil, Is tritely of the felf fame
Kind with our ordinary Garden Bafil but of a middle
fize between the Common Great an l Bufii Bafil, and
differs nothing in its Roots, Stalks, Leaves, flowers,
nor Seed, but a Tittle in the magnitude, and fomc-
thing in the fmell, which is like the fmell of Ani-
leeds.

Common-Bafil Slnfitii.

VIJ. The Times. They Flower in the heat of
Summer as in June and July , by little and little
whereby they are long a Flowering, beginning at
the top firft, and fo Flowering as ’twere down-
wards.

VIII. The Qualities. They are hot and moift in
the fecond Degree: Theyincide, attenuate, open
difcufs, refolve, concoft, digeft, and are carmina-
tive and anodyn ; being Cephalick, Neutotick, Sto-
matick, Peftoial, Cardiack, Nephritick, and Ute-
rine : alfo Emmenagogick, and Alexipharmick.

IX. The Specification. Schroder lays, it is a pe-
culiar thing to cleanfe the Lungs, and provoke the
Courfes in Women.

X. The Prepartions. The Shops make ufe of
1. The Leaves. 2. The Seed. 3. And Diftil there-
from a Water. But you may farther prepare, 4. A
Juice. 5. An EJJence. 6. A Spirituous Tinllure.
7. A Saline Tintlure. 8. An Oily TinSure. 9. A
DecoSion. in Wine. la. A Syrup. 11. An Oil.
13. ACatapTJm.

The Virtues .

XI. The Leaves. Their fmell comforts the Brain

(whatever feme Authors fay to the contrary) and were
eaten in Galen's time ( I fuppofe as a Sallet,) being
corefted with Oil and Vinegar. Some Authors will
have it that they dry up Milk in Womens Breafts
which in my opinion is againft their proper Nature’
being hot and moift, and therefore more aot to
breed Milk. P

XII. The Seed. Being made into a fine Pouder,
it may be given from half a dram to j. dram, in
Wine, againll the Palpitation or Trembling of ’the
Heart, to cheer and comfort the fame, and expel
Melancholly, or fadnefs of Mind ; It is good alfo
againft Poyfon and the Stinging of Scorpions.

XIII. The TiJlilledWater from the whole Plant. It
is good to clear the Eye-fight, and to be ufedas a
Vehicle for the other Preparations.

XIV. The Juice. If it is put into the Eyes, it
takes away their Dimnels, anddrys up Humors which
fall into them ; fiiuft up the Noltrills it caufeth
Sneezing, and fo Purges the Brain : given to j. ounce
in a GUIs of Generous Canary morning and evening
it provokes Venery, orLuft, and is good forfuch as
are troubled with Heart Qualms, or Swooning Fits
or ftoppage of their Terms.

XV. The EJJence. It much exceeds the Juice for
Inward ufes, being cotrefted, and made more Pure
or fine, as being freed from its grofs and ficulent
parts. It has the Virtues of the Juice , befideswhich
it is an excellent Stomatick, Cardiack, and Petfo-
ral, freeing the Lungs from the Tarrarous Matter
which obltrufts them, and caufrng thereby a free
refpiration, and therefore is profitable againft Coughs
Colds, Afthma’s, and other like Diltempers of the
Lungs. Dofe from j. ounce to ij. ounces in Wine
or Syrup , or fome other PeUoral Vehicle, morning
and evening.

XVI. The Spirituous Tinflure. It is Stomatick
and Cardiack, refills Poifon, and is good againft the
flinging of Scorpions, or bitings of other Venomous
beatts: prevails againft Fainting and Swooning Fits,
Sicknefs at Heart, and is good for fuch as are trou-
bled with Lethargies, Citrus and Apoplexies, and
other Cold Difeafes of the Head, Brain and Nerves.
Dofe ij drams or mote, in the Dijlilled Water.

XVII. TheSalmeTintture. Itispowerfulagainft
Difeafes of the Reins, opening their obftruQions, and
removing the Tattarous and Vilcous Matter which
affeQs them. It provokes Urine, expels Sand, Gra-
vel, Slime and Stones out of the Reins and Urinary
Palfages. It provokes the Terras in Women, and fa-
cilitates

Chap. 47. Englifh Herbs.

6 7

cilitates the Delivery of fuch as are in Labor, bring-
ing away both Birth and After-birth. Dofe from j.
to iij. drams in a Glafs of White Wine. It is good
againft the Stinging of Scorpions, and Hornets,
biting of mad Dogs and other Venomous Creatures,
as alio againft the Jaundice andDroplie, carrying off
the Morbifick Caufe by Urine.

XVIII. The Oily TinBure. It is lingular againft
the Stone, Sand, Gravel, obftruftions of Urine, as
alfo the Yellow Jaundice, Coughs, Colds, Hoarf-
nefs, and the like, being taken in the Syrup of the
fame Herb, from iv.toxij. or xvj. drops: it prevails
alfo againft Palfies, Convullions, Lethargies , Apo-
plexies, Lfc. and outwardly anointed it is good a-
gainft the bitings of mad Dogs, and Pricks, Punftures,
or Wounds of the Nerves.

XIX. The DecoBion in Wine. Given from iv. to
viij. ounces, it is good againft Poylon, the ftinging
ana biting of Venomous Creatures, Faintings, Swoon-
irigs, fits of the Mother ^ provokes the Terms, ex-
pels both Birth, and After-birth, as alfo Sand and
Gravel from the Reins and Bladder, and is good
againft all cold Difeafes of the Head, Brain, Nerves,
Womb, and Bowels.

XX. The Syrup of the Juice. It is an admirable
Pe&cral, good againft Coughs, Colds, Afthma’s,
(hortnefs of Breath, Hoarfnefs, &c. caufing ex-
pectoration, and making the Breft and Lungs ealy.
Dofe ij. ounces either alone, or mixt with Alicant ,
Tent, or Malaga.

XXI. The Oil. It is made by Boiling the Juice
or Bruifed Herb with Oil of Marties orRofes and Vi-
negar. Being anointed with, it prevails againft
Pains of the Head and Nerves, Lethargies, Palfies
and other cold Difeafes of thofe Parts •, and eales
pains of the ears being dropt into them.

XXII. The Catdplafm . It is Difcuflive and Refo-
lutive, good againft the beginnings of Phlegmons,
or Inhumations in any part of the Body : it is alfo
good to take away black and blew fpots of the Skin,
difcufs Contufions, and eale pain proceeding ffom
any cold Caufe.

CHAP. XLVIL

Of Citron and Clove BASIL.

I.; r'HE Namesi The firft of thefe is called in

JL Greek , "cimucv "i-nyv ■’ in Latin , Ocimum , vel
Bafiliciim alterum , Ocimum Citratum : in Englijh ,
Citron Bafil.

II. The fecond of thefe is called, ^ B cun\t-

k'ov fM>i£p-nt7T>v - in Latin , Ocimum vel Bafilicum Caryo-
phyllatum : and in Englijh , Clave Bafil , or Bafil
Gentle.

III. The Kinds. The firft or Citron Bafil , is the
Greateft Bafil , and is lingular. The Clove Bafil is,
li Ocimum Cary ophy llat urn majus , the Greater Ciove
Bafil. 2. Ocimum vel Bafilicum caryophyllatum mi-
nus, the Lefler Clove Bafil.

IV* The Defcriptions. Citron Bafil : It has a pret-
ty thick Root , with many Strings , which perifhes af-
ter Seeding time , or upon the approach of Winter •
from whence grows up one upright Stalk , fpreading
it f elf into many Branches , not much unlike to the
Common Garden Kind , with Leaves fet by couples
at the Joints , but much larger , and of a teddifh Co-
lour in the hotter Countries , but not fo in our colder ,
a little dented about the edges , of a very pleafing
Smell, much refembling that of a Citron Teel, and
therefore called Citratum j the Elowers are White ,

V. The Greater Clove Bafil : Its Root is like the
former, and perijhes in like manner, being - one of
the Great Kind of Bafils, and not differing from the
former, either in jialks, branches, growing, or large -
nefs of the Leaves, or colour of the Flowers, except
that J'ometimes they are a little purpUfh - but in the
Smell of the whole Tlant, it has a fironger and d
quicker Scent, much like the fmell of Clones for
which reafon it is called Caryophyllatum.

68 Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. I.

V 1. The Leiler Clove Bali! : It ha * a pretty long ,
woody Root. .with many litres thereat, from whence rtfes
one Upright Stalk , which admirably fpreads it felf
forth in Arms and Branches , looking very much like
to a bitjh , and not very much unlike Mother of Time ,
both in tire form of its g rowing , and the Jhape and
magnitude of its Leaves , which grow more- difper-
fedly upon the Branches the Blowers grow at the
Tops of the Branches , after the manner of thofe of
Bafil, of a White Colour , but bending fame what more
backwards. The fmell is the Jfrongeft and mpft fra-
grant of all the Bafils, and fmells perfectly like Cloves,
from 'whence it is alfo called Caryophyllatum, and
this is the true Bafil Gentle. An Ex aft Figure here-
of you have in Dalechampius- Hilt. Plantarum, lib. 5.
cap. si. fig. 5* pag. 681.

VII. The Places. They grow in the Ealtern Re-
gions, and hot Countries, where they are more
odoriferous, than in our Northern Climes : but now
they grow in all the Northern Nations in Gardens ,
wiiere they flourifh well, and yield their Seed in
perfection, but their fragrant Scent is not altogether
lb ftrong.

VIII. The Times They Flower gradually during
the hotccft Summer Months, as all June , July , and
fome part of Auguft , Flowering at the Top firft ;
and then is gradually Ripe not long after.

IX. The Qualities. Thefe are hot in the fecond
Degree, and moilt in the firft Degree : Inciding,
Attenuating, Opening, Digeftive, Refolutive ; Car-
minative and Anodyn. And appropriated to the
Head, Nerves, Stomach, Brefi, Lungs, Heart, Reins
and W omb : they are alfo Emmenagogick, and re-
fill Poifon.

X. The Specification. They comfort the Nerves,
prevail again!! Palfies, cleanfe the Lungs of Tartar-
olis Matter, and provoke the Terms.

XI. The Preparations. You may prepare there-
from, 1. APouderfrom the Seed. 2. A Diftilled
'Water from the whole Plant. 3. A Juice. 4. An
h lienee. 5. A Spirituous Tincture. 6. A Saline
T Attune. 7. An Oily Tintture. 8. A Decottion in
Wine. c. A Syrup. 1 o. An Oil. n. A Caiaplafm,

The Virtues.

XII. All thefe Plants have the fame Virtues with
thofe in the former Chapter, and therefore the Pre-
parations have the fame, for which, and their par-
ticular Ufes we fhall refer you thither.

CHAP. XLVIIL
Of American BASIL.

I. ! | v H E Names. This was wholly unknown to-
JL the Greeks , and therefore can have no Ori-
ginal Greek Name, but confidering it is an Indian
Plant, may well enough be called, "iumov % BamtjKur
hJiAv : in Latin? Ocimum Americanum vel Indicum :
and by Corner arius , Bafilicum Hifpanicum : in Eng-
lifi i>, American Bafil.

II. The Kinds. It is twofold, 1. Ocimum Ame-
ricanum maculatum Iceve , fmooth, fpotted Ameri-
can Bafil. 2. Ocimum Americanum crifpum non ma.-
culatum , crifped American Bafil, not lpotted.

III. The Defcriptions. The finooth fpotted A me-
rican Bafil, has a Root like thofe in the former Chap-
ters, which perifhes after Seeding time - from whence
nfes up a four fquare reddifh green Stalk , a Foot
high , or better , from the Joints whereof fpread out
many Branches , with broad fat Leaves Jet thereon ,
two always at a Joint , one againft another , as the
Bafils have, but fomewhat deeply cut in on the edges 7
and fometimes a Tittle crumpled , ftanding upon long
reddifh Foot-fialks , of a dark purple colour, fpotted
with deeper purple f pots, in fome greater , in others
lefs the Flowers fiand at the Top of the Stalks ,
Spike-fifbion , of a White Colour , with Reddifh Stripes
[ and Veins running through them 5 fet or placed in

dark

Englijh

dark purple coloured Husks : The Seed is greater
and rounder than any of the former Kinds , and
fame what long withal : the whole Plant fmcllsfirong
like to the common or ordinary Bafil and Camphire
put together.

IV. The Crifped or Curled American Bafil, not
fpotted : It has a Root like the foregoing , being a
degenerate of the other kind , rifen ( as Parkinfon
fuppofes ) from the Seed of the former Plant , ga-
thered in thefe colder Countries •, and is indeed of
the Kind of the American fpotted Bafil, having like
Stalks , and fitch like large Leaves , cut fomewhat
deeply in on the edges , and curled or crumpled , as
they alfo Jometimes are , together with fwelling bun-
ches like Bladders in them , but wholly of a green co-
lour, and without any Jpots , or fpot upon them : the
f lowers hereof are all white , and without any fpots
as the other has : the fmell hereof is very firong ,
and perfectly ref entitling the former.

V. The Places. They Originally grew in America,
from whence they were brought into Spain , and
from Thence to us, being nourilhed up in our Gar-
dens the latter of which feems now to be a Na-
tive of our own Countrey.

VI. The Times. They Flower gradually in June
and July , as the other's do and their Seed is ripe
in AugufL

VII. The Qualities. They are hot in the fecond
Degree, and moilt in the frit * highly Cephalick,
Neurotick, Cardiack and Hylterick •, they Attenu-
ate, Open, Refolve, Difcufs 3 are Carminative, Ano-
dine, Alexipharmick, and Emmenagogick.

VIII. The Specification. I have found them pe-
culiar again!! Palfies, and Pains and Aches proceed-
ing Rom a cold Caufe.

IX. The Preparations. You have, i. A Ponder
from the Seed. 2. A Diflilled Water. 3. A Juice.
4. An Effence. 5. A Spirituous Tintture . 6. A
Saline Tintture. 7. An Oily Ttnfture. 8. A De-
cottion. 9. A Syrup. 10 .An Oil. 11. A Cata-
plafm : the Virtues andllles of which, are the fame
with the fame Preparations in Chap. 4 6. Sell. 12.
to Sell. 22. aforegoing. 12. A Difiillcd Oil. 13. The
Powersi

The Virtues.

X. The Di ft i lied Oil. It cures Head-aches, Me-
grims, Lethargies, Apoplexies, Epilepfies, Palfies,
Convulfions, Tremblings, and weaknefs of the
Nerves, Obftruftions of the Wopab, Reins and
Bladder, Punctures and Wounds of the Nerves, and
all forts of Pains, Aches, Sciatica, and Lamenefs
from a cold Caufe, being taken inwardly from iv.
drops to xij. in fome proper Vehicle *, and outward-
ly anointing the part aftefted therewith. It expels
Wind, and cures the Colick.

XI. The Potefiates or Powers. They have all the
former Virtues, but penetrate more, as being more
Subtil or Volatile : They provoke the Terms in
Women, eafe Pains and Stitches in the Side, are
good againft Fits of the Mother, and Vapors, chear
the Heart, revive the Spirits, refill Poifon, and re-
move Melancholly, lengthening the Stomach, and
all the Vifcera. Dofe from j. dram to ij. drams,
in a Glals of Wine, or lome other proper Ve-
hicle.

Chap. 48.

6g

CHAP. XL1X.

Of Scone BASIL.

I. 'T' H E Karnes. It is called in GreeA, “Aw.gt
JL 'AkovQ- : in Latin , Acinus and Acinos by
Label and Dalechampius : Clinopodium Vulgar e, by
Matthiolus .* Clinopodium majus , by Cameranus *
Botanic a Pauli , by Guilandinus : Pulegium monta-
mim , by Lonicerus 3 Polycnemon , by Gefner 3 and
Clinoprodium Origano fimile , by Bauhin : in Englifh *
Stone Bafil , and Great Wild Bafil.

II. The Kinds. This is properly the firft and
chiefeft of the Wild Bafils 3 and is twofold. 1. Aci-
nus major , the greater Stone Bafil. 2. Acinus mi-
nor, the leifer Stone Bafil.

Stone Bafil Greater .

III. The Defcriptions. The Greater Stone Ba-
fil has a bufhy Root , of many Strings fet together at
and depending from one Head , which fhoot forth
fockets round about : from this Root fprings forth
fever al hard , four fquare , hairy or hoary Stalks, it
foot, or foot and half high, or more , fet with two
hairy green Leaves at each Joint, being covered alfo
as the Stalks are with a hairy Down, fomewhat
larger than any of the other Wild Bafils, coming
near unto the bignefs and fafhion of the Leaves of
Origanum : the f lowers grow in Bundles, or round
the Stalk, in greater plenty than in the Wild Bafils
of the following Chapter, and of a purplifh colour,
but fomet lives white, the Husks of which are fome-'
what larger and rougher.

IV. The Leffer Stone Bafil, has like Roots, Stalks ,
Leaves, flowers and Husks, and differs not any thing
from the former, fave that the Stalks are lower, the
Leaves leffer, and. the Husks of the flower's fmaller 3
m a word, it is of the fame Kind , but the whole

1 Plant is every Way lefs ,

V.Tfe

7°

Salmon^ Herbal.

Lib. I.

V. The P /aces. Gerard, fays they grow plenti-
fully in Autumn , almoft by every Hedge : Parkin-
fon fays, they are found fometimes in Corn Fields
in England, but more often in open Woods and
Copfes which have been filled, and that almoft
through all our Countrey * more efpecially if they
are ftony places.

VI. The Times. They Flower in the latter end
of May, all June and July, and the Seed is gra-
dually ripe in July and Augujl.

VII. The Vitalities. They are hot and dry in the
firft Degree : Difcuffive, Aftringent, and Vulnerary
and dedicated to the Womb.

VII T. The Specification. They are peculiar for
flopping Fluxes, and the Terms in Women ^ more
efpecially for Fluxes of Blood.

IX. The Preparations. You have from them,
i. A Juice. 2. An E (fence. 3. A Spirituous Tin-
Sure. 4. An Oily Tintt ure. 5. A Decoffion. 6. A
Balfam. 7. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

X. The Juice. Given from j. ounce to ij. ounces,
it {Lengthens the Stomach and Bowels •, and bath-
ed upon an Inflamation it aflwages it.

XI. The Ejfence. This is more Stomatick than
the former, and given inwardly, Hops all forts of
Flaxes, whether of Humors or Blood, as alfo the
Terms in Women. Dofe from j. to iij. ounces, in
feme proper Vehicle.

XII. The Spirituous Tinffure. This has all the
Virtues of the former, and is good to take inward-
ly, to heal Wounds and Ulcers, from j. dram to half
an ounce, in a Decodion of the fame Herb * ’tis an
excellent Vulnerary.

XIII. The Oily Tintturc. It is good againft Pains
and Aches from a cold and moift Caufe, gives eale
in the Gout, and heals Wounds, Pu natures, or. other
hurts of the Nerves, by anointing therewith Morn-
ing and Evening.

XIV. The Decoffion in Wine. By fomenting there-
with, it Difculfes hot Tumors and Infiamations j
ufed as an InjeQdon into foul, feetid, and hollow
Ulcers, it cleanfes them : and daily drunk from iv.
to viij. ounces, it flops the overflowing of the
Terms in Women, the Bloody Flux, and other
Fluxes of the Belly.

XV. The Balfam. It is an excellent Vulnerary,
cures Wounds by the firft intention j and digefts and
cleanfes, old, foul, rotten, and filthy Ulcers with
great facility, after which it incarnates, or fills the
Eilcer with Hefh, and prefently heals it up.

XVI. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Herb chopt
fmall, beaten in a Mortar, and boiled in Milk, and
brought to the thicknefs of a Pultiie, with Yolks
of Eggs, and Crumbs of Bread. It is Difcuflive,
Refolutive, and Anodine, and of lingular good ufe
to be applied to a recent Contufion, or a Gout from
a cold Caufe.

CHAP. L.

Of Wild BASIL.

I. 'T1 H E Names. It is called in Greek, KnvcmJiov
J. ( quafi Le£lipes, Bedsfoot Flower , becaufe
they refemble the Beds feet : ) in Latin, Ochnum
Sylvefire , Bafilicon Agrefie, Clinopodium : and in
Englijh, Wild, or Field Bafil, Bedsfoot Flower.

II. The Kinds. There are three feveral Kinds
hereof, 1. Clinopodium Vulgare, Clinopodium minus,
( becaufe lels than the Stone Bafil. ) Oamum Sylve-

fire,Lobe l and Clufius -, Acinos and Ocimajlrum
by huchfius and Dodomcus Clinopodium, by Anguil-
lara and Turner • Clinopodium majus, by Camerari-
us , Pulegium Petr turn, by Gefner • Clinopodium
Alterum, and Pfeudo-Cli nopodium , by Mai thiol us -
Clinopodium Arvenfe Ocimi facie, by Bauhinus and
Bafilicum Tertium, by Tragus in. Englijh, Field
Bafil • but the People call this as well as the next
following, where they grow, Horfe Time, and Po-
ley-mountain. 2. Acinos Anghca C/ufij, ( which is
thought to be, by Clufius, the true Acinos of Diof-
corides -, ) Clinopodium Ocimi facie alterum of Bau-
hinus -, our Englijh Wild Bafil the leffer. 3. Aci-
nos odor atiffim urn, Latifolia Col urn me. Broad Leav’d
fweet Scented Wild Bafil.

III. The.Defcriptions. The firfi has a Woody Fi-
brous Root, full of hairy Threads, creeping along the
Ground, and fpringing up learly of it J'elf without
Sowing 5 from whence rifes up Jeveral fquare Stalks
about fix or eight Inches high, with two fmall Leaves
fet at every Joint, being fomewhat like Wild Mar-
joram, or the fine bujh Bafil, a little denied about
the edges, but not much, and fome Leaves not at all
dent ed -, and in fome Plants and Places a little rough
and haiiy, and in others, lefs, or not at all : the
Flowers grow at fpaces zvilh the Leaves, like as
tiorehound does, fianding in green rough Cups, which
are of a purplifh Colour, and parted, a* it were, into
four equal jhort pieces at the end, like to the four
fquare foot of a Bedfiead, and open with feveral
Leaves like other hooded Flowers ■, the Cups of the
Flowers have not every one of them a Jingle Foot -
jlalk, but many fiand together upon the fame Pedicle
or Stem-, after which comes fmall round reddijh Seed,
growing three or jour together in fmall fwol/en
Husks. The whole Plant, hat fome Jmall heat, but
tnore drynefs in the Tafie thereof, and Jweet or odo-
riferous in Smell between Bafil and Calamint.

IV. The fecond Kind has alfo a Bujhy, Fibrous
Root, which perijhes every 7 ear, from whence rifes.
up Jeveral fender four fquare Branches cr Stalks ,
Jeven or eight Inches high, lying on the Ground, on

which

Chap, 50, EngUjb Herbs .

which grow divers Jmall grayifh green Leaves , two
always Jet together at a Joint , ref emb ling much the
former , thofe of the Stone Bafil, but fmaller ,

Shorter , and fuller of Juice , dented about the
edges at af and almoft like to Mother of ' Limey or
the f mailer Garden Bafil, Bafil Gentle, having
an excellent facet Scent , but not Heady : from the
■middle of the Branches up to the TopSy grow the
Blowers in Bundles or Spaces about the Stalksy be-
ing very like to the former juft now defcribedy but
of a more blew if purple coloury with a White Eye ,
or Circle in every Blower y which being pafty there
comes three or four f mall Seedsy like the fir ft in the
Husks where the Blowers foody which fall and rife
again every Tear of their own Sowing.

V. The th’rd Kind has a bujhy Root with many
Fibrous Strings like the former , from whence rifes
up foury jivey or morer four fquare hard Woody St alksy
divided into many BrancheSy covered with afoft white
hairy nefsy two foot longy or longer , not growing up-
right y but trailing in fane meafure upon the Ground:
the Leaves grow upon fhort Boot-ftalksy by coupleSy
of a light green colour , fomewhat like the Leaves of
Bafil, or rather Bawm, about three quarters of an
Inch broady and not fully an Inch longy a little Jharp
point edy and lightly notched about the edgesy covered
alfo with a light foft hoarinefsy of a very faeet
fmelly not much infer iour to Garden Marjoram, of
a hot biting Tafte : out of their Bofoms grow other
f mailer Leave Sy or elfe Branches : the Blowers alfo
grow out of the Bofoms of the LeaveSy towards the
Tops of the Stalks and BrancheSy not in Whorls or
Roundsy like Acinos, or Stone Bafil, but having one
little fhort Foot -ft alky on which is placed three y foury
or morey fmall BlowarSy gaping open , and divided in-
to four unequal parts at the top , like the Flowers of
Bafil, and very near of the likenefs and bignefs of
the Blowers of Garden Marjoram, but of a pale blew-
ifh colour , tending towards a purpley after which
come the Seed Veffels, which contain fmall roundifh
blackifh Seed.

VI. The Places. The firft grows commonly in the
borders of Fields, and among Corn it fell’ as at
Sutton in Kenty not far from Dartmouth at T bet*
ford in Norfolky and in divers other Dry, Sandy, and
Unfilled Grounds. The fecond grows Wild in Kent
in divers places, where Clufius fays he found it, al-
fo in feveral other parts of England y Gerard fays
he found it a little on this fide Pomfratt in Tork-
fhirey and fince by Hartford in Kenty and in the
Ifle of Thanet : he fays it is brought to our London
Markets, and is called by the Herb Women Poly-
mountain. The third grows Wild in hot Countreys,
but with us in Gardensy and is often found amongft
Sweet Marjoram.

VII. The Times.The two firft Flower in June and
July gradually, and their Seed is ripe in July and
Auguft : The third Flowers in July and Augufa
and its feed is ripe in Auguft and September.

VIII. The Qualities. They are all of a nature, hot
and dry in the end of the fecond, or beginning of the
third Degree : they are alfo, Attenuating, Inciding,
Opening, Carminative, Difcufiive, Refolutive, Vulne-
rary and Anodine ^ Cephalick, Neurotick, StOmatick,
Cardiack, Hyfterick, and Arthritick * and powerful
Alexipharmicks and Emmenagogicks.

IX. The Specification. The Field Bafil has been
experimented againft Convulfions, Cramps, and
Neurotick Diftempers. Acinos or Enghfh Wild
Bafil is approved for Stopping Fluxes : and the
Broad Leav’d fweet Scented Wild Bafil is good to
facilitate the delivery.

X. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing
of them •, but you may prepare, 1. An Infpijfate
Juice of the Acinos. 2. A Spirit from the firft and
third. 3. A Spirituous Tintture. 4. An Oily Tin-
Slur e. 5. A Saline Tintture. 6. A Balfam or Oil
of the firft ,

The Virtues.

XI. An InJpiJJate Juice of the Acinos. Being gi-
ven to a dram' in Red Wine, it flops all forts of
Fluxes of the Belly, and Fluxes of the Terras ; and

diffolved,

SalmonV Herbal,

Lib. L

dilfolved, and mixed with Lard into an Ointment
it d; feu fles hot Tumors.

XII. The Spirit from the jirft and third. It is lin-
gular good againft Convulfion-fits, Megrim, Ver-
tigo, Lechargv, and other cold and moift Difeafes
oi the Head, Brain, Nerves, and Womb : outward-
ly bathed upon places troubled with the Cramp, it
cures them. Dofe fromj. dram to ij. in Wine or
Ale.

XIII. The Spirituous Tinffure . If made of the
fir It or third, it warms, comforts, and ftrengthens
the Stomach, caufes a good Appetite, and is good
againlt the ficknefs thereof Dofe ij. drams, more
or lefs in Wine, Ale, or Polfet-Drink.

XIV. The Oily Tinffure Taken to half a dram
in any fit Vehicle, it prevails againft the Stone and
Stoppage of Urine : outwardly anointed upon pla-
ces pained from any Cold Caufe, it eafes the Pain,
warms and comforts the Part, and reftores it to its
due ltrength.

XV. The Saline Tinffure. It opens Obftrnclions
of the Vifcera , and being made of the third Kind, it
provokes the Terms, and expels the Dead Child, and
After birth. Dole from j. dram to ij. drams in
Wine.

XVI. The half am or Oil of the Jirft. It is good
againft Convulfions, Cramps, Ruptures, Strangury,
Scinging and Bitings of Venomous Beafts, and other
Difeafes of like kind, being anointed upon the Part
affli&ed, Morning and Evening.

CHAP.

ance : Cordus calls it Cucumis puniceus : Gefner^
balfamina pomifera : Lobe/ , balfamina Cucumertna
p unice a : Some, Pomum Hierofolymitanum : and we
in Englijh , the Male Balfam Apple . It is thought
by fome to be that which Pliny fpeaks of, lib. 20.
cap. 3. which the Greeks call Cucurbit a Somphos
but this is difputable.

II. The Kinds. Of the balfamina there are three
principal kinds. 1 . balfamina Alas, which is that we
treat of in this Chapter, and is called by all the
names aforegoing : as alfo balfamina by Mat thiol its *
balfamina prima by Fuchfius and Angui/a : Charan-
tia by Dodon&us and Lonicerus : balfamina Alas by
Gerard and Parkinfon : Momordica by Caflor : Alo-
mordica fruffu luteo rubefeente , in Horto Eyft.
2. balfamina feemina, of which in the next Chap-
ter. 3. balfamina lute a, five noli meT 'anger e, which
is called Hcrba Impatiens ; in Englijh , Codded Ar-
fmart.

III. The Defcription. It has a Root which is fjnall
and ftringy , creeping a good zoay within the Earth :
it Jp rings up with divers Jlender reddijh Stalks and
Branches , Jhooting forth many clafping tendrels ,
much like to a Vine , by which it takes hold of any
Pole , Twig, or other thing which ftands near it ; but
without any J'uch Supporters, it lies upon the ground,
not being able to fupport it f elf for which reaj'on it is
reckoned among the number of the Climers , or a kind
of Cucumer , in refpeff to the Flowers and Fruit.
The Leaves grow from the Stalks , and ft and upon
Foot-ftalks , being cut in on the edges , into feveral
divifions , like to a Vine leaf or thofe of white Brio -
ny , but much fmaller , tenderer , and more divided.
The Jlowers are yellowijh , like to thoje of the Cu-
cumer, coming Jorth in the fame manner at the
Joints with the Leaves : after which comes the Fruity
which is fomewhat long and rounds pointed at both
ends , and. bunched on the out fide in rows , the skin
it felf being fmooth and very red , almoft black when
the Fruit is ripe , which ha* a reddijh Pulp within ;
The Seed is manifold , roughs hard , Jlat , and reddijh ;
but when dry , of a grayijh black colour , fomething
like unto Citrul , or Water Melon Seeds, both for the
form and largenefs.

IV. TJ?e Places. It is nurfed up with us in Gar-
dens, but the Seed came originally to us ffom Italy,
and we yet generally make ufe of the Italian Seed.

V. The Time. It flowers late with us, and rhe
whole Herb withers before the Fruit comes to ripe-
nefs j it being a tender Plant, and fo not able to en-
dure our early cold Nights, for which reafon we
have no ripe Seed here.

VI. TJ?e Qualities. It is almoft cold in the firft
Degree, and dry in the fecond : It is PeUoral, Pul-
monick, and Vulnerary, and purely an alterative.

VII. The Specification. It. is a peculiar Specifick
for the Curing of Wounds and Ulcers.

VIII. The Preparations. 1. A Pouder of the
Leaves. 2. A Deco ff ion of the Plant. 3. The In-
fpijjatc Juice. 4. A Spirituous Tinffure. 5. An
Oleaginous Tinffure. 6. An Oil by lnfujion in Oil
Olive. 7. The balfam.

The Virtues.

IX. The Pouder of the Leaves. Given to j. dram
Morning and Evening in Red Port Wine, it is laid
to be good againft Ruptures or Burftennefs ^ and
applied, it heals Wounds.

X. The Decoffion in Wine , or Wine and Water.
Being drunk to five or fix ounces, it gives eafe in
the Colick, helps the Gripings of the Bowels, and
flops inward fluxes of the Blood, whether from the
Stomach or Bowels 5 reprefles Vapors in Women,
and what fome call the Rifing of the Lights.

XI. The

Chap. 52. 'Englijb Herbs.

73

XI. X be lnfpiffate Juke. DilTolved in a mix-
ture of Red Wine and Water, it is a lingular thing
to heal internal wounds, and Hop inward bleedings,
and to reprels the Fits of the Mother. Iniefded up
the Womb two or three times a day, it 'flops the
overflowing of the Terms, and the Whites in Wo-
men. If it be reduced to ponder, and drank to one
dram in Red Port Wine it heals inward Wounds,
and outwardly being ftrewed upon any frefli green
Wound, it heals it.

XII. T be Spiritous TinBure. It heals inward
Wounds, and gives eafe in the Colick ; and is found
to be of excellent ufe in fainting and fwooning Fits.
Dofe from j. dram to ij. drams in any proper Ve-
hicle.

XIII. The Oleaginous TinBure. Given to j. dram,
it opens obflruftions of thfe Womb, and is good a-
gaintt Fits of the Mother. It alfo eafes vehement
pains in the Back and Reins, being given in a pro-
per Vehicle twice a day.

XIV. The Oil by lnfufion in Oil Olive. It is a

moll Angular Vulnerary, not only for all forts ol
external Wounds, but lor inward Wounds alfo, be-
ing drunk ( in fome proper Vehicle) from ij. drams
to four, twice or thrice a day. And as for all forts
of outward Wounds which are green or frelh, it
drys them, confolidates their Lips, and heals them.
It alfo drys tip the moifture of inveterate or old
Ulcers, which hinders them from healing, and dif-
pofes them to a Ipeedy cure. Being applied with
Lint, it is good againft the Piles or Hemorrhoids ;
and being applied hot, it is effectual againft Pun-
Uures of the Nerves. Some Authors fay, that an-
ointed on the Bellies of Women whicli are Barren,
it caufes them to be fruitful. It alfo cures burn-
ings with Fire, or fcaldings with Water,, and eafes
the flinging ol Bees, Waljrs, Hornafs, iS'c. and be-
ing anointed on the Marks, Scars, or blemilhes of
Wounds ; it takes them away, or much abates
them. _

XV. The BalJ'am. If it is made of the former
Oil, by addition of Venice Turpentine,- or Balfam
Capivi , and Bees Wax ; it becomes a moll lingular
Vulnerary,' and in many refpeUs more excellent than
the Ample Oil, and indeed is much more profitable
for the healing of rotten running Sores, and old
putrid Ulcers ; applied to Cramps or Convuliions
for fome time, it helps the fame, and is a lingular
thing to cleanle and heal Ulcers in Womens Breafts,
and luch as happen in the Secret Parts of Man or
Woman.

by J. Bauhin , Noli me tangere : by Tragus , Mer-
curialis fylveJUs altera : by Dodoneus , Impatient Her-
ba ; and by Columna^ Halfamitd altera.

CHAP. LII.

BALSAM-APPLE Female and Yellow.

I. *TA H E Names. It is alfo unknown to the
-1 Greeks : but is called in Latin by Matthio-
lus , Anguilla. , Fuchflus , Gejner and Tragus , Balfi-
mina altera : by Dodoneus , Ba/faminum : by Lug-
dunenfis , Balfamina : by Cordus , Baf amelia : by
Gefner ad Cordum , Balfamina amigdoloides : by Ca-
merarius , Tab ermont anus , and Gerard, Balfamina
Fccmina : by L obel, Balfamina f comma perflcifolia •,
and by Cefalpina , Catanance : and in Englijb Balm
Apple female.

II. The Kinds. It is the fecond kind of the Balm
Apple-, viz. the Female -, differing very much from
the former, both in the form and manner of grow-
ing. The Tellow Baf amine is the third kind, and
by Lobel,Camerarius , Gerard , and others, is called
Terflcaria Siliquofa , in Englijb , Codded Arfmart

III. The Defer iption. The Female Balm Appl£
does much differ from the former : It has a Root dif-
perfed into manifold Arms , from whence proceeds
many f mall firings Spreading under the Earth : The
Stalks arife from the main flock of the Root , which
are thick , fat , full of Juice , in Jubfiance like the
fialks of Turflane , of a reddifh colour , and fome what
fbining. The Leaves are long and narrow , much like
thofe of the Willow or Teach tree, a little toothed
about the edges : among which come forth the Flow-
ers, of an incarnate colour , tending to blewnefs , with
a little tail or f pur annexed thereto, like to Larks
heels, of a faint, light crimfon colour. Thefe being
gone , there comes up in their places the Fruit, or
Apples , rough and hairy, round, and fharp at the
point, and leffer than thofe of the Male , at Jiff green,
but aftenmrds yellowifh when ripe, the which open
of then if. elves when full ripe, and caft abroad their
Seed, much like unto a Fetch, fays Dodoneus j or like
to Lentils, as other Authors fay. But that which
Gerard had in his Garden cafl forth the Seed like
Cole-flower, or Muftard-feed , which made him to
think that either the Clime had altered its fh. ape, or
that there was two kinds thereof.

IV. The yellow Balfamint ( vohich Gerard places
with the Arfmarts, and Parkinfon with the Mercu-
ries ) has a black and thready . Root, which perifhes
every year, from which Spring forth Stalks about two
foot high , tender , green , and Jbmewhat purplifb , hol-
low, fmooth, juicy and tranfparent, with large and
eminent Joints : From whence proceed Leaves like
thofe of French Mercury, a little larger and broader
towards their Stalks, and thereabouts afo cut in
with deeper Teeth or Notches. From the bofoms cf
each of thefe Leaves, come forth long Stalks hang-
ing downwards , which are divided into three or four
branches, upon which hang yellow flowers, much ga-
ping, with crooked Spurs or Heels, and J pot ted afo
with red or crimfon f pots. The Flowers being gone,
there fucceeds Cods containing the Seed , which are
about tzvo Inches long, fender, knotted, and of a whi-

L tifli

74

Salmon’/ Herhal. Lib. I.

t,fh green, crefted with greenifh lines 5 which axfoon
cut they begin to be ripe , are fo impatient , that they
will by no means be touched , but prefently the Seed
will fly out of them into your face ) from whence
came the name herba impatiens) and for which rea-
fon Lobel, and others have called it , Noli me tan-
gere)

V. The P laces. The firft of thefe is only Nurs’d
up with us in Gardens. The latter grows in fhady
Woods in Prance , Germany and Italy. It has alfo
been found in fhady Woods fide, and fhady fides
of Mountains, and their Vallies in Wales in Shrop-
shire at Marington ■, on the Banks of the River
Kemlefl and at Guerudee in the Parifh of Cherftock ,
half a mile from the laid River, in the Highway
among great Alder- trees : but it will grow and a-
bide in our Gardens very well, and every year low
it felf, being fet in a fhady place.

VI. The Times. The firft of thefe ( as alfo the
former Male kind) muft be fown in the beginning
of April, and in a hot bed of Horfe-dung, as you
do Musk- Me Ions , Cucumbers , and fuch like cold
Fruits : then they muft be replanted abroad from
the faid beds, into a hot, moifi, and fertile place,
at fuch time as they have gotten three Leaves a
piece. They flower in July and Auguft , and their
fruit comes to the greateft perfection our Country
will give it in September following. The Noli me
t anger e flowers in its natural place, about the mid-
dle or end of Auguft , and pfefently after Seeds .-
but that which grows with us in Gardens flowers
in June or July.

VII* The Qualities. The firft of thefe is cold in
i° and dry in 20 ^ Cephalick, Neurotick, Vulnerary,
tnd Alterative. The Noli me t anger e, is hot and
dry in the third degree Nephretick, Diuretick and
Erne tick.

VIII. The Specification. The latter Specifically
provokes Urine, even unto a wonder, as Gefner testi-
fies.

IX. The Preparations. They may be the fame
with thole of the Male kind, as, 1. Pouder. 2. De-
co Hi on. 3. Inf pi Jfate Juice. 4. Spirit ous Tintture.
5. Oleaginous Tintture. 6. Oil by Infuflon. 7. A
Half am. From the Nolime t anger e, there is, 1. A
Pouder of the Herb. 1. An Inf pi fate Juice. 3. A
Diftilled Water.

The Virtues.

X. The Pouder. It dries up green Wounds, con-
folidates, and heals them.

XI. The Decoflion. It cleanfes old Ulcers, and
rotten Sores, and difpofes Fiftula’s ( being in jetted
into them ) to a healing.

XII. The Inf pi fate Juice. Being reduced into a
pouder, and ftrewed upon a green wound, it pre-
lently conglutinates it, and heals it.

XIII. The Spiritous Tintture. It is helpful to a
Gangrene in beginning, and by its gentle ltyptick
quality, reftores and conferves the heat of the

XIV. The Oleaginous Tintture. It has the fame
Virtues with the Spiritous Tintture, but much
more powerful^ bathed upon the Nerves, it comforts
and Ifrengthens them, helps Cramps, and eafes A-
ches and Pains, and is good againlt punttures of the
Sinews.

XV. The Oil by Infuflon , heals Wounds, abates
Inhumations, and cures fiery Puftules of the skin.

XVI. The B a If am. It cleanfes and heals Ulcers

and gives eafe in Punttures of the Nerves : being
applied, it cures old rotten Ulcers, running Sores6
and kibed Heels. ’

XVII. The Pouder of Noli me t anger e. It is

Emetick, and fometimes Cathartick, working (as
fome Authors fay ) ftrongly ^ for which reafon Do-
done us fays, it has a pernicious faculty, and is dele-
terious : yet it may be given from a fcruple to half
a dram in fome convenient Vehicle, in ftrong Bo
dies. 6

XVIII. The InfpiJJate Juice. It is Emetick like
Lambogia, and fometimes it works downwards like
Scammony, but its operations are not altogether fo
certain. It may be given from ten grains to a fcru-
ple, made up into a Bolus, and fo fwallowed.

XIX. The DiJli/ledlVater. It is of mighty power
to provoke Urine ; and if largely drunk, it is faid
to induce a Diabetes ; and fome magnifie it as to
expel the Stone in the Reins : but without ’doubt
it powerfully cleanfes the Reins and Urinary palTa-
ges, expelling Sand, Gravel, Slime, and other things
which obltruft the Paffages of the Urine °

CHAP. LIII.

B A W M Garden and Baftard.

I .’-['HE Names. It is called in Arabick Bede •
A rengie , Bedarungi , Cederenzegum. , Turun-
gen, Marmacor : in Greek , p.txi,oxx„

pixhlam, id eft , Apiajirum , Cf ii/Axi rl«i, Apes de-
lettentur , Diofcar. lib. 3. cap. 18. Pliny lib. 21. cap
20. Melyfophyl/on & Melittk : in Latin, Me/i fa
ab Apibus qua etiam utxi^cu dicuntur: and in Eng-
lift), Bawtn.

fbaivtn

y.ThcKinds. There areSix feveral kinds of Baton:
ot which Authors treat: viz. MeliJJa bmenfis the
Garden Bawm,a\\e& by Anguillara, Brunsfel/ius
Cefalpinus zni. Gerard, Me/iffa : by Tragus, MeUfta
domefttca; by Gefner , abort. Caftellus, Lugdunenfy

1 ■■ by Fucbjius

MelyJJophyllum vulgar e : by Mtthiolus,Cordus Lacu-
na, Lobel, Apiajirum : bv Parkinfon, Me liiTa vul-
garis oiore Citri : and by Gefner, Citrago. ft. Me-

‘ Ufa

Chap. 53. ‘Englijb Herbs.

75

Itffa notba, Ballard Bawm, called by Fuchfius, Melyf-
fophyllum -, by Clufius , Lamium Pannonicum : thefe
we treat of in this Chapter. 3. MeliJJa Turcica,
Turkey Bawm. 4. MeliJJa Moluccana odorate, of
which we treat in the next Chapter. 5. MeliJJa
Peregrina , called by Matthiolus and Lugdunenjis,
Me/iffd Mo/davica. 6. MeliJJa Moluccana ftetida,
of which we fay nothing in this Work.

III. The Defcription. T he common Garden Bawm
has a Root of a Woody fubjlance, and full of firings,
which endure long, andfaflen themfelves firongly in
the ground , the Leaves and Stalks only dying every
Tear : from this Root fp rings up divers fquare green
Stalks, with round hard dark green Leaves ( and
fometimes of a lighter green , according to the place
it grows in) a little dented about the edges, fet by
couples at the Joynts, and almofi of a Citron or Li-
nton fmell : the Lionel's are fmaljand gapeing, grow-
ing at Tops of the Stalks, of a pale Carnation colour,
and almofi white.

IV. Fuchfius his Ballard Bawm has a hard woody,
firingy Root like the former, from whence fprings
fquare Stalks half a yard high, with Leaves like un-
to common Bawm, but larger and darker coloured, and
not of fo pleafant a fcent -, the Flowers are white, and
fometimes of a pii/e purple colour, but much larger
than thofe of the former, almofi like to the yellow
Lamium, or Dead Nettles, or to thofe of the Moun-
tain Calamint. Parkinfon fays the flowers are of a
pale purplijh colour on the lower parts, and whitijh
above, not being fo pleafantly fcented as the common
Garden Bawm.

V. The Places. The firft grows with us only in
Gardens, and is profitably planted there, as Pliny
lib. 21. cop. 12. lays, for the delight of Bees, for
which caufe it is called Apiafirum , and by fome
Apium folium. Bees leaf. The other is a Native oi
Uungaria, but is nourilhed up by curious Herborilts
in their Gardens. I have fometimes found it
growing in England, on the Sunny fide of Ditch
and Bank iides, where the ground has been pretty
dry.

VI. The Time. They flower in June, July and
Auguft, and wither or dye away towards Winter ,
fpringing forth a frefil from the old Roots.

VII. The Qualities. They are both hot and dry
in the fecond degree : they are Cephalick, Neuro-
tick, Cardiack, and fomething Hyllerick : famoufly
Cordial ( chiefly the Garden) and Vulnerary, Alexi-
pharmick, and Alterative.

VIII. The Specification. It is approved againll
fainting and Iwooning Fits, Poifons, Sicknels at
Heart, and Hypochondriack Melancholy.

IX. The Preparations. You may prepare from it,

2. A cold Difiilled Water. 2. A Spirituous Water.

3. A Spirit. 4. A Spirit ous Tincture. 5. An Oily
TinSure. 6. A Saline TinUure. 7. An Effence.
8. A Syrup. 9. A fixed Salt. 10. A Balfunor Oil.
11. A Cataplafm. 12. An exprejfed Juice.

The Virtues.

X. The coll Difiilled Water. It is a Cordial Wa-
ter, and only ufed as a Vehicle to convey Cordial
Medicaments in.

XI. The Spiritous Water. If it is a little dulci-
fied with Syrup of Bawm, it is an excellent Cor-
dial, and good againll Fainting and Swooning Fits,
Convulfions, and the like, and this chiefly in Chil-
dren : It eafes gripings in the Bowels, and comforts
Univerfal Nature. Dofe from half an ounce to two
ounces, according to the Age of the Patient.

XII. T he Spirit. This is much more excellent
than the former water, and has a mighty power to
tepreis Hypochondriack Melancholy : it revives the

Spirits, and makes the. Heart merry and chearful*
ealing the Pafliens thereof after a wonderftil man-
ner. Dofe from j. dram to ij. drams in any proper
Vehicle.

XIII. The SpiritousTinBure. It has the former Vir-
tues, and more powerful to all the laid i mentions, but
not fo pleafant : It is indeed a declared thing againll
all Pafiions of the Heart, the Colick, and Griping
Pains of the Bowels. Dofe j. or ij. drains, fweec-
ned with the Syrup of the lame.

XIV. The Oily Tinthtre. Outwardly bathed up-
on any place pained from a cold and moilt caule,
it gives eafe and relief : and taken inwardly from
xij. to xxx. drops in fome fit Vehicle, it gives eafe
in pains of the Spleen, Sides and Stomach, efpecial-
ly if they proceed from a cold caufe : it alfo eafes
pains in the Back and Reins proceeding from weak-
nefs and obftruGions : and being taken in a right
time, it has been found to provoke the Couifes in
fuch as have them preternaturally Hope.

XV. The Saline Tinffure. Being given from one
dram to two, or more, in fome proper Liquor, it is
good againll Poifon, and the bitings of Mad-Dogs,
eafes the pains of the Stomach, and the gripings of
the Bowels, proceeding from fharp humors ; it o-
pens the obftruGions of the Lungs, and caufes fuch
to breath freely, who before could fcarcely take
their breath : It may be made pleafant with the Sy-
rup, of which we fhall fpeak anon.

XVI. The Effence. It caufes fpeedy and eafie de-
livery to Women in Travel -, and in a more efpecial
manner is recommended againll Hypochondriack
Melancholy, being alfiduoufby taken for fome time.
It has all the Virtues of the Spirit and TinGure, but
mull be given in a larger Dofe, by reafon of the
grofs Particles which are mixt with it : mixed and
made pleafant with Rofe-water and Sugar, or its
own Syrup, it may be profitably given to Women
in Child-bed, to bring away the After-birth, or caufe
a perfeG cleanfing. Galen lib. de Simp/, fays, that
Bawm is like unto llorehound in Qualities, but
much weaker. 1 will not gainfay Galen totally ;
but that it may be fo in fome Cafes ; as in Hylle-
rick Difeafes : but where a Cordial is intended, I am
fure Bawm is much the fuperiour, and is much bet-
ter for Women in their Lying in, when they are
fainting, from their fore Travel or hard labour. Dofe
from half an ounce to two ounces. It is good a-
gainfl Poifon, and the bitings of Venemous Beafts,
and fuch as have been long troubled with the Bloody
Flux.

XVII. The Syrup. It is Cordial, but is chiefly
ufed as a Vehicle to other Cordial Medicines, and
to make them palatable : however it is of it felf a
Angular peQoral, and good againll Coughs, Colds,
Afthma’s, Spitting of Blood, ObftruGions of the
Lungs, and other like Difeafes of the Brealt, and
parts adjacent.

XVIII. The fixed Salt. It ftrengthens the Sto-
mach and Spleen, refills Vomiting, and carries off
much of the Morbifick Caufe by Urine. To Hop
Vomiting you may give it thus : Take of this Salt
a fcruple Spirit of Sulphur viij. or x. drops : mix
them till the effervefcence is over : then dijfolve it
in a Glafs of Canary, or fome other Stomatick Vehi-
cle ; and. fo give it the Patient to drink.

XIX. The Balfam or Oil. They are moll lingular
Vulneraries, and many times cure Wounds at one
Drefling : and it is my opinion ( grounded upon the
experience I have had of the Plant, in Chirurgerv )
that it is not inferiour for curing Wounds and til'
cers, to any of the Allheals : and from its vulnerary
and healing Properties it was, that our Anceftors cal-
led it Balm, as being of the nature of Balfam. Out-
wardly applied it is good againll the flinging or ftri-
L 2 king

king of Scorpions, and the Poylonous Bite of the
Pha/angium

XX. The Cataplafm. Being applyed it eafes Pains
coming from a cold Giufe, and Difculfes Flatulent
Tumors : and being mixt with a little Niter, or the
Amalgamation of Mercury with head, it prevails
againlt Wens, Kernels and hard Swellings in the
Neck and Throat or other parts, and is good alfo to
give eafe in the Gout, and ripen Biles and break
them.

XXI. The Expreffed Juice. It ftrengthens the Vi-
tal Spirits ■, and being given to iij. iv. or vj. Spoon-
fuls in a Glafs of White Port Wine, it caules fpeedy
Delivery to Women in Travel, and brings forth both
.Birth and After-birth. It is an Antifcorbutick, and
helps the Bloody Flux, by realbn of its Ballamick
and healing Virtues. Put into the Eyes, it is a lin-
gular remedy for dimnefs of Sight , and being
mixed with Honey it takes off Films which ob-
fufeate and hinder the Sight.

XXII. The BaJ}ard Bawm. You may make the
fame Preparations of this, as of the former, and they
have in General the fame Virtues, but as to the Vital
Indications, they are not fo powerful. However in
all Hyfterick Difcafes they very much exceed, as be-
ing more effeflual in opening Obftruftions of rhe
Womb, and refilling Fits of the Mother.

CHAP. LIV.

BAW M, Turkey and Syrian.

and by^fome Meliffa Moluccana: by Mattbiolus
Melifja Conftantinopolitana : and by Tabernmontanm
Cariiaca Syriaca : by Lobe/, MaJ. elite Turcoman. ’

III. The Kinds. The Turkey Bawm, is the Third
Species, in our order: The Syrian, or Moluccan con-
Ilitutes the Fourth Species, which are all that are
neceflary for us to confider in this Work. This Sv-
rian Bawm, Authors will have to be twofold viz.
Levis and Afpera, or Afperior : or Odor at a, and In-
odorata.

IV. The Defcription. The Turkey Bawm htu
a Root f mall and thready , which perijhes every Tear
at the fir ft approach of Winter, and therefore muft be
Sown JreJh again, every Spring, from this Rooot
rifes up one jquare brownifh green Stalk, two Feet
high andfometmes more, f it grows in good Ground,
fpreading it f elf with two Branches from every Joint,
where the Leaves lire Jet ; and tins courfe is continu-
ed up almoji to the Top. The Leaves are narrower
and longer than tbofe of Common Garden Bawm
and more dented in about the edges, of a fweet Lim-
mon /cent, rather exceeding that of Common
Bawm: they are rough alfo, and of a like Green
Colour. The flowers are gaping or hooded, growing
at the Tops of the Branches at certain Dijiances
funding in Jharp , rough, pointed Husks ; and they
are of a blew or purplijk blew Colour-, but in fome
the Colour isperfeSly white , whence feveral Authors
would make feveral Kinds thereof, tho at the fame
time they differ in nothing but the Colour of the flow-
ers-, but fome fay the Leaves are of afrefher green
Colour, which 1 have not yet obferved. After the
flowers arc paft, then comes the Seed, which is black
and roundijh, with a white Spot in each Seed , whilft
it is frejh , which afterwards in a manner Vanijhes
net be/ngfo difccrnable when dry.

V. The Syrian Bawm,i<zf a Woody thickRoot , and
full of firings, which perijhes every Tear, from
whence rifes up, a round hollow Stalk, thick , and of
a reddifb Colour , about Two feet high, branching forth
varioujly on all fide s up to the Top , on which are fet
Jhorter and rounder Leaves, at the end of longer
foot Stalks. The other Leaves Jiand alfo upon foot
Stalks, and much refemble thofe of the Common
Bawm (for which reafon, fome Authors have taken
this to be one of the Kinds thereof ) fomewhat lefs
dented about the edges, than the Garden Kind. At
the Joints of the Stalk, from the middle upwards
come forth round about it, certain hard, whitijb
Skins, fmall and round at the bottom, and wide open
at the brims, a little prickly at the corners, and much
like unto a Bell, being for the moft part five Cornered
from the bottom of each of thefe,comes forth one flow-
er, fomewhat Jmall, and like to thofe of the Common'
Bawm, almoji white in Colour, or with a fmall b/ulh
of Red therein. After they are paft, in the bottom of
the fame skinny Bell, the Seed grows (but it very
rarely comes to be Ripe mithfis) which is whitijh and
Cornered. The Riant has nothing of the fmell of
Bawm in it-, but it is Jirong, and the Tafie i ' '

VI. The other Syrian Kind, which is called Afpe-
rior, differs not much from the former, as to its form
yet it rifes aimer higher , andgrows fomewhat greater
but ajter the fame fafhion : the Stalk of this is four
Square , and lightly hollowed or furrowed. The
Leaves are fomewhat longer and Jharper on the edges.
The Cups or Bells in which the flowers grow are
more prickly than the former, and much Jharper at
the corners of them, longer , more in number, and of
a paler white Colour. The Tunnels of the flowers
are brownijh, and not fo white cu the other ; and the
Seed is three cornered, and Jharp upwards like a
Wedge.

VII. The

77

Chap. 54. TLnglijh Herbs.

VII. T he Places. The Turkey Bawm grows na-
turally in Moldavia and feveral parts of Turfy, from
whence it is brought to us, and Nourifh’d up in
Gardens. The Syrian Bawm , called alio Mohcccan ,
was thought by Matthiolus to grow in the Molucca
Jjlands (whence that Name.) But Parkinfon fays
he was miftaken : and that Sequins# an Italian fent
them from Syria to Verona , from whence they were
brought to us, and nourifh’d up in Gardens only.

VIII. The Times. The Turkey Bawm Flowers the
latter end of June , or in July : but the Syrian Kinds ,
feldom Flower before the middle of Auguft, for
which reafon, they feldom give any good Seed,
which the Turkey Bawm fails not to do.

IX. The Qualities. The Turkey Bawm agrees here-
in wholly with our Common Garden Bawm. The
Syrian Bawm is hot in one Degree and dry in two,
Hylterick, Vulnerary, and Alterative.

X. The Specification. The Turkey Bawm is pe-
culiar again!! Vertigo’s, Faintings, and Sicknefs at
Heart. The Syrian reiiits fits of the Mother, and
Vapors from the Womb.

XI. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing
of them, but you may Prepare therefrom. 1. A
Towder from the Leaves and blowers. 2. A Decotti-
on in Wine. 3. An Expreffed Jtice, 4. A Spiritu-
ous Tintture. 5. An Oily Tintture. 6. A Saline
Tintture. 7. An E (fence. 8. A Syrup. 9. A Fixed
Salt. 10. A Balfamor Oil. n. ACataplafm.

The Virtues.

XII. All thefe feveral Preparations of the Turkey
Bawm, have the fame Virtues, Ufes andDofes, with
thofe of our Common Garden Bawm -, fo that no
more need be faid of them in this place, and there-
fore we refer you to their relpe&ive Titles in the
Chapter aforegoing.

XIII. The Ponder of the Syrian Bawm, heats,
ratifies, and cleanfes.

XIV. The Decottion of it in Wine , Kills Worms,
and is good again!! the pains of the Mother, Vapors,
and the like. Dofe iv. ounces.

XV. The Expreffed Juice of it. Kills Worms, and
gives relief in Hillerick Fits, pains of the Spleen,
and the like. Dofe j. ounce or more.

XVI. The Spirituous Tintture of it. Expels Poy-
fon or Venom, and is good again!! the Plague or
Pellilence, and all forts of Malign fevers. Dofe
half an ounce.

XVII. The Oily Tintture of it. Gives eafe in the
Colick, given to one Dram in Ale or Wine : and
outwardly applyed helps Pallies, and eafes Pains
from a cold Caufe, in any part of the Body.

XVIII. The Saline Tintture of it. Is a Specifick
for killing Worms in the Body, whether of old or
young. Dofe j. or ij. Drams in Wine or Ale.

t XIX. The Effence of it. Kills Worms, and cures
Fits of the Mother, Convulfions of the Bowels, Cfc.
Dofe from ij. Drams to vj. in Ale or Wine.

XX. The Syrup of it, has the Virtues of the
Effence, but is much weaker, and is moftly ufed as
a Vehicle to convey the other Preparations in.

XXI. The Fixed Salt of it, removes ObftruHi-
ons. of the Spleen and Womb. Dofe to xx grains
of it, in a Decottion of the Herb , fweetned with
the Syrup thereof

XXII. The Balfam or Oil of it, is Vulnerary, and
eafes Pains of the Spleen and Joints.

XXIII. The Cataplafm of it , Difcuffes Tumors
arifing from Cold and Wind, and gives eafe in
the Spleen being applied to the Region there-
pf.

CHAP. LV.

BEANS Garden and Baftardo

I. /Tp HE Names. The Bean is called in Arabic k,
JL Bachale , Bachele , Bakilla , and Hachille
in Greek, Ki lap©- : and in Latin , Fab a. The Cod
is called in Greek by Ariftotle : by Nicander,
: by Hefichius a'q£@-, : and

by Apollonius K'ihvtp©- ■ and in Latin , Theca.

II. The Kinds. There are many Kinds of Beans,
but thofe which we fhall chiefly take notice of" are
1. The Garden. 2. Kidney or French. 3. The
Field or Horfc Bean. Of the Garden Kind there
are faid to be two forts, 1. The True. 2. 'The
Baftard.

III. The Defcription. The True, Large, Sweet
Garden Bean, has a Root thick, with many Fibres or
Strings annexed to it-, from which rifes up One, Two ,
or Three Stalks (according to the goodncfs of the
Ground) fmooth and Jquare, and fometimes Four or
Five Feet high or more. Upon thefe Stalks are fet
the Leaves at certain dijlances upon a J'm all Foot -Stalk
from the very bottom almojl to the lop, by Two and
Two, which are flefhy, thick, of a light green, and
long, a little pointed at the ends. Between thefe
Leaves and Stalk come forth divers Flowers, all of
them looking one way for the moft part, which are
dofe, a little turn'd, up at the brims. White, and
f potted with a blackifh Spot in the middle, and fome-
what purplifh at the foot or bottom -, of the Form al-
mojl of Broom, or Peale Flowers, many of which ,
that grow upwards towards the top, do feldom bear
Seed, and therefore are gathered by many to be Di-
Jlillcd ■, and the tops aljo being cut off, it makes the
reft of the Plant to thrive the better. The Flowers
being gone, there grows forth long, great, Jmooth, green
Cods, greater than in the other Kinds of Beans, which

grow

78

Salmons “Herbal.

Lib. I.

grow black when they are ripe , and contain within
them , Two , Three , or Four, flat and fomewhat round-
ijh long Beans, tob/V/’ /v reddifh , which latter

when ripe grozv many times black with all.

IV. The Baftard Bean, Differs little or nothing

in the Form and Shape of the Plant , or in the man-
ner of its growing , //w« /fo former , /fotf h frl-

dom grows full out fo large cu the True Garden one
doth , //<?/■ are the Beans themfelves altogether fo
large : but that which is the principal note of diftinfii-
on , between this and the True Kind , is their want
oj that fwcetnefs, pleafantnefs , and excellent T afte
which the Right Garden fort has: and therefore byrea-
jon of the fmall difference which is between them in
ref pell to their Form and growing , they are generally
Sold in the Market the one jor the other : tho at
the fame time the Gardener can diftinguijh between
them.

V. The Places. Thefe are both Sown in Gardens
with us, but the latter are for the moft part Sown
abroad in large Fields, and Sold in Markets for the
former.

VI. The Times. They Rower in April and May,
and that gradually, fo that they are long in Flower-
ing : and the Beans themfelves are Ripe in July and

Auguft.

V II. The Qualities. They are Temperate as to
heat or cold, and moilt in the firft Degree ^ Nephri-
tick, Lithontriptick, Spermatogenetick, Suppura-
tive, and Alterative.

VIII. The Specif cation. They are peculiar againft
Gravel in Reins or Bladder, rellore in Confumpions,
tor they nourifh much, and being much Eaten cure a

Diarrhea.

IX. The Preparations. The Shops keep, i. A
Water from the Flowers or the whole Plant. 2. A
Aleal or Flower from the Beans. But you may make
therefrom alfo , 5. A Decofiion of the Beans in
Water or Wine. 4. An Effence of the Leaves and
Cods. ?. A Cataplafm of the Beans. 6. A Volatile
Salt , Spirit and Oil from the Beans. 7. Tfo AJhes
of the Cods and Stalks. 8. A ftrong Broth.

The Virtues.

X. The Diftilled Water from the Flowers , or whole
Plant when in Flower. They are chiefly ufed as
Cofmeticks, to foften, whiten, cool, and beautify
the Skin, it being often wafhed therewith, and ful-
lered to dry on : but before it is applyed, the Face
and Hands ought to be made purely clean with warm
Water in which Wheat Bran or Bean Aleal has been
boiled : fome Ladies have affirmed to me, that by a
continued and long ufing this Waffi,or Water Diltil-
led from the Flowers, they have had Lentils, Frec-
kles, and other Deformities of the Skin perfe&ly
removed. This I believe, that if it is acuated with
fome fmall quantity of the Volatile Salt, and then
ufed, it may do much in that Kind.

XL The Aleal or Flower. Being ufed with warm
Water to waffi the Face and Skin with, it cleanfes
it admirably, and is faid to take away Deformities
thereof as Scurff, Spots, Wrinkles, Tanning, Sun-
burning, and the like.

XII. The Decofiion in Wine or Water. It is very
good againft the Stone and Gravel whether in the
Reins or Bladder, and provokes Urine ^ fo alfo a De-
co&ion of the Green Cods, or a Water Diftilled
from the fame.

X III. The Effence from the Leaves and green Cods. It
is Diuretick and Lithontriptick, removing the Matter
caufing the Strangury, whether it be Gravel, Sand,
Slime, or other Glutinous Matter. Mixed with Honey
and taken, it prevails againft Coughs, Colds, Rheums,
Catarrhs, and other Diftempers of the Lungs.

XIV. The Cataplafm of Bean Flower or Meal. If
it is made with Vinegar and Oil , and applied to Wo-
mens Breafts, fwelled with abundance of Milk, fo
that they can fcarcely hold, it will not only reprefs
the Milk, but alfo difeufs the Tumor or Swelling
occafioned by Curdling thereof If -the Cataplajm
be made with Fenugreek and Honey, and applied to
Felons , Biles, Bruifes, Apoftems, as alfo Kernels
about the Ears, and Kings-Evil Swellings, it helps
them all. If the Cataplafm is made with Wine and
applied to Watering Eyes, or Eyes having a Contu-
fion by blows, it gives eale and does them good. If
made with Whites of Eggs , Rofe Leaves and Frankin-
cenfe , and applied, it helps Eyes which Swell or
grow out. lj it is made with White Wine, and with
* inegar and Of and applied to the Cods, it takes
away their Pain and Swelling, lj it is made with
l Pine only , and a little 0/7, and Eaten, it is good
againft lmpotency, and ftirs up Luft in fuch as can-
not ufe the A£t of Generation, by reafon of the cold-
nefs, fluggifhnefs, and weaknefsof their Members. If
Fried in Oil with Gar lick to the thicknefs of a Haft y
Pudding , and Eaten as daily Food, it helps inveterate
Coughs, almoft paft cure, and the hoarlenefs of the
Voice : and being for fome time Eaten, it breaks
Apoftems of the Breaft and Lungs.

XV. The AJhes from the Cods and Stalks , Being
Infufed in Ale or Wine, and the Liquor Drunk, they
are very Diuretick, and open all Obituftioris of the
Reins and Bladder, and therefore are very good a-
gainlt Sand, Gravel, Stone, Dropfy, Jaundice and
Gout. The AJhes made into a Cataplajm with Hogs
Lard , and applied, are good againit old Pains, Con-
tufions. Wounds of the Nerves, Defluxions upon the
Joynts, the Sciatica, and Gout, whether in Elands,
Arms, Knees or Feet.

XVI. The Volatil Salt , Spirit and Oil of the
Beans. Beans and Peafe yield a vaft Quantity of
Volatil Salt , and in much larger Proportion than any
other Vegetable Produ&ion. It is thus made.

Beans lb x. whole and dry , put them into a
large Earthen Retort , or into a large Glafs one well
Luted j fo large as that about a third part may re-
main Empty : put it into a clofe Furnace of Reverbera-
tion, luting to it a large Receiver or great Glafs Ball:
flop the Regifters of the Cover of the Furnace , and
make a fmall Fire in the Cinder or AJhes place, at firft ,
only to warm the Retort , and heat the Alatter within ,
which keep fo for an Hour -, then kindle a Fire in
the Grate Place, gentle at firft jor an Hour more
after which increaje it gradually Jrom Hour to Hour,
but not to an Exccfs : in the mean feafon, the Aque-
ous parts will come over in large quantity , then give
a little Air to the Regifter of the Cover op the Furnace
on the Receivers fide, continually encreafing the Fire ,
till you fee the Receiver to be filled with white Clouds,
which will by degrees condenfe into Liquor ', the Ole-
aginoits and Salt parts finking to the bottom of the
Veffel -, keep now an equal Fire, for about two Hours,
giving a little Air to the Regifter, after which open
it for altogether, giving a more violent heat, and at
length a flaming hire, which continue till the Vapors
ceafe, and the Receiver is clear : let then the Fire
go out, and the Veffels cool. In the Receiver you will
have much Flegm mixt with Oil, and Spirit, and
Volatile Salt, fo penetrating that you will not be able
to hold your Nofe and Eyes over the Mouths of the
Veffels. Put all thefe Subftances immediately into a
a Bolt Head with a long Keck, covered, with its Head
well Luted, and fitted with a Beak and Receiver :
place it in a Sand heat, in a cool Airy place, fo may
you fee the Volatile Salt afeend by lilt te and l it tie, and
coagulate it felf in the Head (which you mi ft often
cool by double Cloths dipt in cold Water, to hinder
the Diffolutionof the Salt): This Salt with what J'peed

may

Chap. 5 6. llngHJh Herbs .

may be take out of the Head, and keep it in a Glafs
Bottle clofe flopped, and in a cool place , for it turns
into Liquor or Spirit with the leaft heat , and fooncr
than any other Volatile Salt : but you muji have ano-
ther Head ready to put on in the place of the former,
pohofe jun 'chtres being well Luted, continue she r edi-
fication, fo will you have in the Recipient , the reft of
tlx Volatile Salt Dijfolvcd in a little of the flegm
( which is the Spirit) and the Volatile Oil , which you
may feparate and keep a part ; the ufe/efsHcgm, and
ftinking part of tlx Oil remaining at bottom of the
Mat rajs.

XVII. This Volatile Salt of Beans, is a ftrong
Sudorifick, and One of the moft Subtil and Volatile
Salts that is, being of the fame ufe with all other
Volatile Salts. It is good againft Palfies, Cramps,
Withered Limbs, Epilepfies, Apoplexies, Gouts,
Rheumatifms, Colicks, and other difeafes of the
Head, Brain, Womb, Nerves, and Joints. It kills
Worms, and is admirably good in Fits of the Mo-
ther. The Spirit is alfo of the fame Virtue. The
OH, is ftronger, and therefore in outward applicati-
ons, it may be mixt with Oil of Bitter Almonds, or
Oil of Ben , and the Stomach and Navel anointed
with it, for Fits of the Mother. In Difeafes of the
Brain, alio of the Womb, you may put it up the
Noftrils. Dofe of the Salt, a gr. vj. ad xij. of the
Spirit, from xv drops to xxx. or xl. and of the Oil
a gut. lj. ad vj. all which are to be given in fome,
proper Vehicle.

XVlil. The ftrong Broth of the Beans. It is Nu-
tritive in the higheft Senfe fo far as a Vegetable can
be Nutritive •, It alfo ftirs up Lull, and is of good
ufe where there is an Impotency in the Male Kind,
who have not the power to ufe the hSt of Generati-
on, by teafon of a weaknefs in the Inftruments of
Generation, or defe£t of Seed, as it has refpeft either
to Quantity or Quality. And by realon the Bean,

( efpecially the Field Kind) lias the Signature of the
Gians of the Rents, Pythagoras and his Followers
judged then to provoke Lull, which afterwards by
multitudes of Experiments and Obfervations, has I
been confirm’d to us, even from that time to this
day. This Broth ftrengthens the Bowels and reftores
Nature, Hopping all forts of tasks and Fluxes of
the Belly, inveterate Coughs and other Diftempers
of the Lungs : It is Nephritick andDiuretick, much
provoking Urine, and therefore is good againft all
Obftruftions of the Reins and Bladder. If this
Broth is made for Nutriment fake, it will be necel-
fary to boil the Beans till they are Broken, and the
Flowery part of them mixed and as it were diflol-
ved in the Liquor, which afterwards may be made
iavory with a little Salt, Juice of an Orange, and a
bit of fweet Butter. Beans are indeed Flatulent
(by which property they are faid to ftir up Lull,) yet
accounted good Food. Nos Trago Subfcribimus re -
center innoxias ejfe in Cibo, (V bonum fuccum gignere.
Ray, Hi ft. Plant, lib. 18. cap. a.

79

II. The other is called in Greek K„V©- &

aamK®- K0K>tiv(& : in Latin, itaba Coccinus Pbafe-

sS>cSLms:. andinfi^, the Scarlet Bean.

III. The Kinds. The Species of the Kidney Bean
are very many : whofe chief differences confift moft
m the Colour of the Beans, which every Child is
able to diftinguifh at Sight, as the White, the Black
the Red, the Purple, the various Coloured, the Great'
the Small, &c. as for other Differences, as they
would be fuperttuous and needlefs, fothey would be
almoft endlefs.

IV. The Scarlet Bean is faid to be of two Kinds :
<• That which Grows and is Common with us in
England. i. The Indian Downy or Hairy Bean
which is called Cow Itch, which fee in the Exoticks ’
nb. 3. chap. 73. following.

CHAP. LVr.

BEANS Kidney and Scarlet.

I- TPHIi Names. This Plant is called by Hippo-
X crates, Theophraftus , and moft of the An-
cient Writers Normov *. lome from the Seed call it
ASU, 6- AS Cm: others name it a diminitive

, m D fcondes calleth it

orys, Asf/?: m Latin, Smi/ax Hortenfis, Siliqua, Pha-
Jeolus : in Arabick, Lubia: in Eng/ifib, Kidney Bean,
and Garden Kidney Bean.

Kidney Aeans

V. The Defcription. It has a long Root with
many fibres fpringing from it, which perifhes every
Tear jrom which rifes up at fir ft but one Stalk,
which afterwards divides it felf into many Arms or
Branches, every one of them being fo weak, that they
cannot J'uftain themfelves, but are upheld by Sticks
or Poles, or other adjacent things, taking hold with
its c/afping lendrels thereupon, in like manner as
does Bryony, Hops, and the Vine, otberwife thev
would lye fruit lefs upon the Ground, from thefe
Branches grow forth at f ever al places long foot Stalks
every one of which hits three broad , round, pointed

Leaves, of a green Colour, growing together by three's

as in the Common Trefoil : Towards the Tops of the
Branches come forth divers flowers in form like to
Peale Bloffoms, which varie and differ in their
Colours according to the Soil in which they Grow
fometimes White, Black, Red, fellow. Purple, Pale
and Various Coloured, for the moft part oj the fame
Colour the Beans will be of. After which come
forth long and {lender, flat, ligbtijh green Cods, moftly
crooked a little, and fome fir ait, in which ere contain-
ed the Beans, made a/moji in form of a Kidney, Jrat
and much about the Magnitude of Horfe Beans.

VI. The Scarlet Bean is a large Plant, but differs
not much in its manner of growing from the former

Kidney

XIII. T he Decottion in Wine or Water is very
Diuretick •, and as its Signature (hews, powerfully
opens Obftru£tions of the Reins, Ureters and Blad-
der : It may be Drank a Pint at a time morning,
noon, and night a little fweetned with Hony, and
be continued for fome days.

XIV. The EJJence. It has the Virtues of the De-
cottion , but much more Powerful, and is a Angular
fweetner of the Blood.

XV. The Volatile Spirit , 0/7, and Salt. They are
made from the dry’d Beans, exaftly as we have
Taught in the former Chapter, Sell, id. and their
feveral Virtues, Ufes, and Dofes are the fame, fo
that we need fay no more of them in this place.

XVI- The AJhes of the Straw and Cods , being In-
fufed a Night or two in a Bottle of Ale or Wine
clofe ftopt up ; and that Liquor Drank Morning,
Noon and Night, half a Pint at a time, or more,
it powerfully provokes Urine, opens obftru&ions of
the Reins and Ureters, and plentifully brings away
Sand, Gravel, Slime, or other Tartarous Matter
offending thofe Parts. You may put xvj, ounces of
^ " Wine.

VII. Tl)e Places. They Grow both of them, not
only in England , but alfo in molt parts of Europe ,
and with us they are nourifli’d up in Gardens. The
hr If or Common Garden Kidney Bean (which fome
call the French Bean ) extend their Branches to a
very great length, having Poles or other like things
to fuppott and fatten themfelves upon. The Scarlet
Bean was’ firft Brought to us by John Tradefcant ,
and made to Grow in our Gardens , where it now
very naturally flourifhes.

VIII. The Times. They are fown in the Spring ,
chiefly about the middle of Aprils and not before,
and the Beans themfelves are ripe, about the latter
end of the Year.

IX. The Vitalities. The former are Hot and
Moiftin the firft Degree: (as for the latter they are
more for the Show and Beauty of the Flowers, than
for any Phyfical ufe : ) They are alfo Suppurative,
Aftringent as to the Bowels , Nephritick, Sperma-
togenetick, and Alterative.

X. The Specification. There is nothing Obfer-
vable in this, laving that they have been found to
provoke Urine.

XI. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing
of them ^ but you may make therefrom, i. A Di-
fiilled Water Jrom the green Cods , and whole Plant.
2. A Decollion oj the green Cods , or whole Plant
in Water or Wine. 3. An EJJence of the Leaves and
Cods. 4. A Volatile Spirit , Oil and Salt , from the
drfd Beans. 5. The AJhes of the Straw and Cods.
6. The green Cods to be eaten as a Sal let.

the AJhes to a Gallon of Ale or Wine.

XVII. The Green Cods. They have the Virtues of
the other Beans , provoke Lull and breed Seed:
boiled and eaten with fweet Butter and a little Salt,
and Juice of Oranges, they loofen the Belly, pro-
voke Urine, ftrengthen and pleafe the Stomach, and
make good Blood * but they ought to be eaten
whileft they are green and tender (otherwife they
will not be fo Toothfom) and the Rib [or String
which runs along the Cod, being taken away, then
to be boiled clofe Covered, till they are foftifh, and
fo dreft up with Salt, melted frefh Butter and Juice
of Sevil Oranges , as aforefaid ^ in which manner
they are very wholfom, nourifhing, reftorative, and
of a pleafant and grateful Tafte, and not in the leaft
inferior to the other large Garden Beans .

CHAP. LVII.

BEANS Field or Horfe.

I. qp H E Names. It is called in Greek , B»V©-
X iyeiK : in Latin, Faba Equina, Faba Minor -
and by Dodonaus, Fhafelus Minor, Faba agria, vel
Rujiica : and in Englijh , Field Bean , and Horfe
Bean. K Japsi Gratis dilii creiuntur quia funt at
'Ayjjuv J'eivoi ^ a/770/ 7? xus/p* Ray.

II. T be Kinds. We (hall take notice but of

three forts of thefe Beans. The Firft Kind , is our
Common Field Bean, which is ufually lown with us
for Hor/es and Hogs-, and is Named as afore de-
clared. The Second Kind, is that which th Greeks
call and by fome Kiiu/w iyuK : in Latin,

Faba Sylvejiris, Faba Grata-, and in Englijh, The
Wild Bean. The Third Kind, is the Old Greek
Bean called K vccpO- ‘irrtvo/.Gr -. in Latin, Faba Ve-
terum Grmrum , Faba Sylvejiris Gnzcorum anti-
quorum: in Englijh, The Greek Bean of the An-
cients.

III. The Defcription. Tfe Field or Horfe Bean

has a Jhort Root, going down right, with many Jmall
firings fpringing from it , which yerijhes every
Tear-, from whence firings forth one, two , or more
Stalks, which grow upright like the Garden Bean,
not leaning down ; the Leaves are like unto the Gar-
den Bean, without any dents on the edges, but they
are f mailer, more at a Joint, and growing clofer :
the Flowers Jiand alfo more at a Joint , lejjer, and
of a more Purplifh Colour: the Cods Jucceedmg

* thorn

Chap. 57 . EngUJh Herbs. 81

them are long and round , f mailer than the Garden ,
Kind, and funding upright : within which are f mall
length). ') round Beans, whit h when they are Ripe , are
fome hlackijh , fome brownif). b, and feme of a dirty
yellow.

IV. The Wild Bean differs 7 n its description not
much from the- former, fave that it is fomething lefs
in the Magnitude of the Riant, and the Beans them-
f elves are black and round.

V. The Greek Bean has a Root which goes not deep
nor far into the Ground, but fends forth many long
fibres or firings, dying every Tear-, from whence Jprings
forth two or three long flat Stalks, with two edges, ly-
ing or running upon the ground, if it has nothing to
rife or clafp upon. The Stalks branch out on every
fide into folks of Leaves, four commonly fet thereon,
by two and two, with a diftance between them, like
unto the Garden Bean, and each Branch bending in a
long Clafper. The flowers grow flngly at the Joynts
of the Branches, under the Leaves, and are of a kind
of dead, dull, purple Colour, with fome palenefs at
bottom of them : after which fucceed long and fome-
what flat Cods, with two fharp edges, dented about,
and d little hooked or bowing , green at firf , but af-
terwards black and hard when they are Ripe. In
thefe Cods are contained four or flue, or more round
Beans, very black, and as large as Peale.

VI. The R laces. The Firlt grows with us every
where, in fields, and are chiefly Sown for the Food
of Hoggs and Horfes, whence their Name: The
Second and Third forts grow with us only in Gar-
dens but are Natives of Spain and Greece, where
they are plentifully to be found.

VII. The Times. They all Flower in April, and
May, and June, and that gradually, for they are
long in Flowering •, and the Seed is Ripe fome-
times in July -, but moftly in Auguji and Septem-
ber.

VIII. The Vitalities. 0\n field Beans are hot and
moift in the firlt Degree, fuppurative, ftrengthening
and fpermatogenetick : nephritick, diureritk , and
alterative: and ufed externally, as in Walhings,
they are of an abfterfive faculty. The Wild Bean,
and I aba Vet cram, or Greek Bean, which Diofcori-
des, Galen, and other Greek Authors intend, when
they give us their Virtues, are ufed to all the
fame purpofes and intentions alcribed to thefe Our
field Beans.

IX. The Specification. They have a peculiar Fa-
culty to remove ObftruUions of Urine ^ and to make
a clear palfage for the Water.

X. The R reparations. They are exaftly the fame
with the former, as 1. ADi filled Water f rom the
flowers and green Cods. 1. A f)e coll ion of the fame.
3. An Ejfence. 4. A Volatile Spirit, Oil, and Salt.
5. The Afles and fixed Salt. 6. A Broth of the
Beans. 7. ACataplafmof the Me al.

The Virtues.

XI. The Li filled Water. It is ufed as a Vehicle
for other Preparations, and as a colmetick for the
Face and Skin , to take away Scurf, Morphew ,
Tannings, Sunburnings and other like Deformi-
ties, by often wafhing therewith, and letting it dry
on.

XII. The Decoflion of Cods and Riant, opens Ob-
ftruftions of the Vifcera, but chiefly of the Reins,
Ureters and Bladder, and provokes Urine.

XIII. The Effence, Is faid to dilfolve the Stone
in Reins or Bladder, but then I conceive it mult be
a foft and gritty Stone, not of a Flint like Sub-
ftance: it increafes Seed, and provokes Lull.

XIV. The Volatile Spirit, Oil, and Salt of the
dr/d Beans, They are made as thofe of Garden
Beans chap. 57. Sell. 16. and have all the lame Vir-
tues, Ufes and Dofes.

XV. The Afhes and fix’d Salt. They are Diu-
retick, and powerfully provoke Urine, and therefore
are Angularly good againft the Droply Sarfltes,
Gout, Stone, Gravel, and Jaundice. Dofe a fcruple
in White Wine, morning and night.

XVI. The Broth of the Beans. It has the fame
Virtues, but not all out fo Powerful.

XVII. The Cataplafm. Made with Wine, it is
good againft fuffulfions and Blows of the Eyes,
and is profitably applyed to eafe the Pains of
the Gout. Made with Wine Vinegar, and ap-
plyed, it takes away the Inflammation of the Tefti-
cles , and Womens Breafts , and apply’d where
Hairs are firlt and immediately plucked forth, it
confumes their Nutriment, and in fome meafure
hinders their growing again. And if • beaten up
with Whites of Eggs , it is good againft the
Pin and Web, and helps the Watering of
the Eyes. If made with Vinegar and equal
parts of Barley Meal, it is faid to waft away
the Swellings of the Kings Evil. If made up
with equal parts of Meal of lanugrerk, it takes
black and blew fpots, occalioned through Blows,
and Difculfes hard Swellings under the Ears.
If the Cataplafm is made with Oxymel , it is
good againft the Stinging of Scorpions , and
Bitings of Venomous Beafts, Difculfes Tumors
caufed by Blows and Bruifes, abates the Milk
in Womens Breafts, and eafes Wounded Nerves,
if apply’d upon the Wound.

M

CHAR

Si Salmon V Herbal. Lib. I

CHAP. LVIII.

BEARS BREECH.

1. hffHE Karnes. It is called in Greeks "a^Q©-

I k, "Ayjtida. -• in Latin , Acanthus , Acantha ,
Branca l Jrfina : and in Englijh , Brank Urfine , or
Bears-hreecb.

II. The KinJs.lt is twofold } *• The Garden kind,
called in Greek a^6©- -mih f©-5 u.c-hf.$vh'hQri

’EpTra'^ria, : in Latin, Acanthos Sativus, Acantha Hor-
ienfis, P<cderos, Mclamphyllos, and Hcrpacantha , A-
canthus verus & Levis, Branca Urftna Uvis : and in
Enghjh, Garden Brank Urfine, or Bears Breech.

2. The Wild Kind, is called in Greek, *yj.v9@- ayei©-,
in Latin, Acanthus Sylvef ris, and Aculeatus, Acan-
tha Spincfa & aculeata, Herbacantha : in Englifh,
the Wild or Prickly Bears-breech. Acanthos is the
common name for all Thirties, hut here it is ufed
by the figure, Antonomafia , qua loco proprij nominh
ponitur Appellativum, ut Civitas pro Londino.

III. The Defcription. Garden Bears Breech has
a Root thick and long, with many long firings fpread-
ing fir and deep in the ground, of a blackifh or
dark colour on the out fide, and white within , full of
a very clammy Juice, more mucilaginous than the
Leaves, fo full of life, that if a fmall piece be but
left in the ground, it will fpring up again, and bring
forth the whole Plant, but requires a fhelter or de-
fence from the extremity of the Winter. From this
Root there fjoots forth many large, thick, fmooth, fad
green Leaves upon the ground, with a thick middle
rib, divided into many parts, with great and deepgajhes
on the edges, from among which ( after it has flood
long in a convenient place ) rifes up a reafonable
great Stalk, three or four foot high, without either
joint or branch thereon, fet with Jome Leaves • and
from the middle upwards, fet with a fpike, as it
were, of white hooded or gaping Flowers, funding in
browmfh Husks, fomewhat fharp at the points, and
a fmall long undivided Leaf under each Flower : af- i

ter which come ( in more hot Countries, but not in
ours that I know of ) broad, flat, round, thick, brown-
ijh yellow Seed. Dodoneus fays, that the Leaves
are great, large, of a fad green colour, thick, grofs
Smooth and deeply cut in by the fide s, like the leave s
of Rocket.

IV. Wild Bears Breech has a Root not fpr ending
fo deep, or fo far as the former, nor fo great in mag-
nitude, but more tender, as lefs able to endure the
Winters cold. * From this Root rifes up f ever al long
Leaves lying upon the ground, but much narrower,
and more divided on the edges into f mailer parts,
ani each part with fmall incifionsffet with very
Jbarp white prickles ; from among which a lejfier and
lower Stalk arifes , with the like fpikei heads of
Flowers , and a few prickly Leaves thereon , in their
way coming up , funding in more Jharp and prick-
ly husks than the former ; after which comes Seed ,
jmall as a little Pea, hard , black, and round. Ge-
ati faith, that this Thiflle is in Stalk , colour of
Leaves, flowers and Seed much like the firft kind
but the Plant is Shorter and lower, and the Leaves
pretty large, dented or jagged with many cuts and
incifions, not only in fame few parts of the Leaves,
as fame other Thiftles, but very thickly dented or
cloven, and having many fharp, large, white and bard
prickles, about the Sides of the divifions and cuts, not
very eafie to be handled or touched, without danger
to the hands and fingers .

V. The Places. They naturally grow in Greece,
Italy Spain, and France 5 but with us, and in Hol-
land, Germany, and other cold Countries, it is only
to be found nouiifhed up in Gardens. Dufi, 'corides
fays it grows only in moift and ftony places. The
Wild grows in many places of Italy near the Sea,
and Pena fays, he found it in moift and gravelly
places near to the Walls of Montpelier ; but with us
it is only in Gardens.

VI. The Times. The Root keeps alive in Winter
in hot Countries, and io with us, but fometimes it
dies, if the weather is too cold : but in England that
is rare in the Garden kind. The former flowers in
June and fometimes in July ; but yields no perfeS
Seed with us : the latter flowers later ; feldom or
never giving with us any ripe Seed : but in thofe
Countries where the Seed comes to perfeSion, it is
always in Autumn, or latter end of Summer.

VII. The Qualities. They feem to be Temperate
in refpeft of heat, and drying in the firft degree.
They are Arthritick, and whilft green, Digeitive
afterwards Aftringenr, Drying, Reiterative andAl-
terative.

VIII. The Specification. They are peculiar againft
Confumptions and Spitting of Blood.

IX. The Trepanations. The Shops keep nothing
of it: but you may make thereof, i. An Infpijfate
Juice, or Liquid. 2. An E fence. 3. A DecoUion in
Wine. 4. A Syrup, y. A Clyfter. 6. A Cataplafm .
7. A Saline Tinflure.

The Vertices.

X. The Liquid, or Infpijfate Juice, prevails againft
fpitting of Blood, pilling of Blood, and the Phthi-
fick, being laid to cure Confumptions, meaning thole
of the Lungs. Dole of the Liquid, one or two
fpoonfuls of the Infpiffate one or two drams, dirt
folved in Red Wine, or Tent, and fo either of them
to be taken.

XI. The EJfence. It has the Virtues of the for-
mer, befides which it flops Fluxes, and the Courfes in
Women, and is prevalent againft Ruptures in Chil-
dren, and vehement Coughs. Dofe one Ipoonful in
Red Wine or Tent, Morning and Evening. Applied
it is good againft burnings.

XU. The

Z,hap. 5 9, liwglijh Herbs .

XII. The Decoffion in White Wine. It provokes
Urine, and binds the Belly.

XIII. The Syrup. It is good again!! Coughs, Colds,
Afthma’s, Phthiiicks, fpitting and pilling of Blood,
Bloody Fluxes, Efc. Dofe two fpoonfuls in Wine.

XIV. The Clyfter. By reafcn the whole Plant is of
a Glutinous, Clammy, and Slimy Mucilaginous Na-
ture •, it is given Clyfter-wife to procure Stools, and
heal the Excoriations of the Bowels.

XV. The Cataplafm. From its Glutinous and Mu-
cilaginous property, it is (likeComfrey ) applyed to
weak parts to ftrengthen them : and applyed to the
Gout in the Joints, it eafes the Pain, difcuifes the
Humor, and cures the Difeafe : It alfo is profitable
again!! Cramps in any part, and Ruptures in Chil-
dren, being timely applied to the Part : made into
form of an Emplafter, and applied to the Back, it
eafes Pains there, and llrengthens a weak Back.

XVI. The Saline Tintture. It opens ob!lru£lions
of the Urinary Paffages, and powerfully provokes
Urine. Dofe, one or two drams in a draught of
White Wine : and Cloths dipt in it, and applied to
parts burned ( where the skin is not broken ) it pre-
sently draws forth the fire.

XVII. The Wild Bears Breech has the fame Tre-
panations., Virtues and. Ufes.

CHAP. LIX.

BE ARS-E ARS.

I. /~j r^He Names. They know no Greek Name,
JL but have obtained feveral Latin ones, ac-
cording to the variety of Authors, who have treated
of them : but they may well enough be called in
Greeks a odt m* : They are called varioufly
by feveral Authors, as Lunaria Arthritica , alfo Lu-
nar i a Paralytica Alpina , and Sanicula Alpina , by
Gefner : Primula veris P achyphyllos, by Lugdun :
Auricula XJrfi , by Mattbiolus,Bauhinus , and others :
and at this day they are fo generally called by Mr.
Ray, and other Authors. Some Authors, as Fabius
Columna, , will have them to be the Alifma , or Da-
mafonium of Diof corides, but are, in my opinion, mifta-
ken, becaufe the form of the Flowers plainly demon-
ftrate the contrary : in Enghfh they are generally
called Bears-Ears , and Auricula ’s by the Florifts.
They are certainly o! the Family of the Cowjlips ,
and therefore are alfo called Alpine Cowjlips , and
Mountain Cowjlips , from the places whence they
fir!! came : Sanicula Alpina , Alpine or Moun-
tain Sanicle , a fanandis vulneribus : and Auriculas
from the form of the Leaf

II. The Kinds. There are three principal Kinds,
as t. That with long dented Leaves. 2. That with
long Leaves not dented. 3. That with round
Leaves •, and of each of thefe there are many varie-
ties : as, the Fellow : the Purple : the Red : the
Scarlet : the Bright Red : the Blujh-coloured : the
Various-coloured : the Blew : the White : the Hair-
coloured : the Straw-coloured : and the Variable
Green.

III. The Defcription. Thoje with long dented
Leaves ( of which the Fellow kind is principal ) which
is a beautiful fine Plant , has a thready Root, very like
to the Ox Lip -, which fends forth green , thick. , and
fat Leaves , fomewhat finely fnipt about the Edges ,
much like to thofe of Cowjlips , but greener fmoother,
and nothing fo crumpled : among which arifes up a
/lender , round Stem , an handful high , bearing a Tuft
of Flowers at the Top, from fix to twelve in number
fometimes of a Fellow, fometimes of a Purple , or Red,

and fometimes of a White colour, or var ious coloured \
not much unlike to the Flowers of Ox-lips , but more
open , and confifting of one only Leaf like Cot iledon,
or Pennywort : after which come fmall heads with a
point el at Top of them, not rifing to the height of
the Cups , containing fmall blackijh Seed .

IV. Thofe with long Leaves not dented, have a
Root greater and thicker than the former , with long
firings or fibres like unto the other forts, but great-
er from whence fprings up many fair, large, thick
Leaves, fomewhat mealy or hoary upon the green-
nefs, Jmooth about the Edges, and without any in-
denting at all. The Stalk is great, round, and not
higher than in the former, but bearing many more
flowers thereon, more in number than any other kind. '
amounting fometimes to twenty or more, yea fome-
times to thirty, [landing fo round and clofe together ,
that they feem to be a Nof e-gay alone : their form is
like fome others, but that the Leaves are Jhorter
and rounder, yet with a notch in the middle, like the
reft, of a fair Fellow, &c. colour, neither very pale
nor deep, with a White Eye or Circle in the bottom,
about the middle of every Flower, giving them an
extraordinary grace *, after which comes round heads
greater than the former, with a fmall point el jink-
ing in the middle, in which is contained Seed of a
blackijh brown colour .

V. The round Leav'd, which Tabermontanus, and
Gerard, call Sanicula alpina ^ and Matthiolus, Cor-
tufa, and we Bears-Ear fanicle ; has a Root confijl-
ing of a thick Tuft of fmall whitifh Threads, rather
than Roots, much interlaced one among another :
from whence fpring up Leaves ■, firft, Juch as are
much crumpled, and as it were folded together, which
afterwards open themf elves into fair , broad and
roundijh Leaves, fomewhat rough, or hairy, not
only cut into five divifions, but fomewhat notched
alfo about the edges, of a dark green colour on the
upper fide, and more whitifh green underneath. The
Leaves of this Plant die down every Fear, and rife
up anew every Spring , whereas all other Bears-Ears
keep their Leaves green all the Winter, efpecially
the middlemoft, which ft and like a clofe head, the
outwardmoft for the moft part perifhing after Seed-

M 2 time

Salmon j- Herbal.

Lib. I

time, bront among ibeje Leaves r 'j'es up one or two
linked round Stalks, five or fix Inches high, bearing
at the Tops f moral finall blowers, feme what Jwset,
and like unto the purple Bears Ear, hanging down
their Beads, conjifting of Jive finall pointed Leaves
apiece , of a dark, reddtjh , purple Colour, with a
white Circle or bottom in the middle , and feme fmall
threads therein: the blowers being paft, there ap-
pears finall round Heads , fomewhat longer than any
of the former kinds of Bears fats, ft opting upright
upon their finall fdol Stalks, in watch is contained
fmall, round, and blackijh Seed.

VI. The Places. The native places of thefe
Plants are on the Alpine Mountains, and other like
places, as the Pyrenean : thofei-with tile blew Flower
and Barrage Leaf, grow on the Mountains in Spain,
and on that fide the Pyreneans next to Spain, from
whence they have been Tranlplanted to us, and ate
only nourifiTd up with us in Gardens.

VII. The Times. They all Flower in April and
May ; and their Seed is ripe in the end of Jane, or
beginning of July : and fometimes they will Flower
again in the end of Summer, or in Autumn , if the
Seafon proves moift, rainy, and temperate. As for
the great variety of thele Flowers, Parkmfon is of
opinion, that they have tifen from the Seed, accor-
ding the to differing Climes and Soil in which it has
been Sowed.

VIII. The Qualities. They are Temperate in re-
fpeft of heat or cold ; and dry in the firft Degree.
They are Cephalick, Neurotick and Atthtitick, Vul-
nerary, Aftringent, and Alterative.

IX. The specification. It is a mod admirable
Vulnerary, as well for Internal as External Wounds.

X. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing
of it Prepared, but you may make therefrom, i. An
expreffed Liquid Juice. 2. An Infpiffate Juice. 3.
An Effence. 4. A Decoblion in Wine. 5. An Oil.
6. An Ointment or Balfam. 7. A Spirituous
TinSure.

The Virtues.

XI. The Expreffed Liquid Juice. Taken inward-
ly one or two lpoonfuls at a time in a Glafs of Tent
or Red Wine, it Hops inward Bleedings, and heals
Wounds in the Stomach and Lungs 1 being fnuff’d
up the Noftrils it purges the Head and Brain of
Phlegmatick and Serous Humors, and therefore is
good againft Epilepfies, Apoplexies, Vertigo’s, Me-
grims and other Head Difeafes.

XII. The Infpiffate Juice. DiiTolved in Red Wine,
and ufed as the former, it is prevalent to all the fame
Intentions, and againft all the fame Difeafes : be-
fides it ftrengthens the Stomach to a Miracle,

XIII. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the
Expre ffed Liquid and Infpiffate Juices : befides which
taken every day from 1. to iij. fpoonfuls in any pro-
per Wine or other fit Vehicle, it prevails as a Vul-
nerary potion for the Curing of all forts of new
Wounds and old Ulcers, and is found to be a lingu-
lar tiling againft the Palfie, dimnefs of Sight, and
many other Difeafes of the Head , Brain , and
Nerves.

XIV. The DecoBion in Wine. It is Vulnerary
taken Inwardly, opens ObftruEtions of the Lungs,
and caufes free breathing, gives eafe in Gripings ot
the Belly, and the Bloody Flux ; for which Difeafe,
alfo in a Dianhata, and Lienteria, the Liquid, In-
fpiffate Junes and Effence are all profitable.

XV. The Oil. It is made with Sailer Oil by boil-
ing. it cutes External Wounds, as Cameranus in
his Bonus Medicus faith, tho’ of the Nerves to a
Miracle; difeuffes Swellings, eafes pain, and is

found to be profitable in the Gout whether arifing
from a hot or cold Caufo.

XVI. The Balfam. It has the Virtues of the Oil-,
but more excellent -for the Cure of Wounds than it,
efpecially of the Nerves; is good againft thebitingsof
the Sea Hare, and of the Toad ; and refolves Oe-
dema's.

XVII. The Spirituous Tinflure. It cures Gripings
of the Belly, the Dyfentery, Convulfions, Fits of
the Mother, and other Diftempers of the Womb.
Dofe j, fpoonful Morning and Evening.

XVIII. Parkmfon fays the Leaves of Cortufa tall
a little hot, and if one of them be laid whole, with-
out bruifing, on the Cheeks of any tender Skinn’d
W oman, it will raife an Orient Red Colour as if
fome buftis had been laid on, which will pafs away
without any manner of hurt, or mark where it
lay.

CHAP. LX.

BEETS Common and White.

Green

heet

common

I. AT ''HE Names. This Plant is called by the
i Arabians , Decka , and Calab : by the Greci-
ans, TJtaof, 10 ’S.cvtkov, ab impulfu quod faeile excref-
cat , becaufe it comes up in few days after the Sow-
ing, and then grows very faff till it comes to its big-
nefs. In Latin, Beta , quoniam jiguram liter# B
dun/ femine turget refer re videtur , becaufe the figure
of it being in Seed, is fomwhat like to the Greek
Letter Beni, as Columella obferves. And in Englijh,
it is called. Beet,

II. The Kinds. P)iof corides makes a White and a
Black : So alfo Theophrajh/s Uift. Plant, lib. 7. chap.
4. who fays, Candida fapore nigra preeflantior : So
Pliny , lib. 19. chap. 8. Beta a colore duo genera
Gr#ci faciunt, nigrum Ef Candidius. Parkinfon is

almoft

Chap. 60. Higlijl) Herbs.

85

almoft of the opinion that the black Beet of the
Ancients was that we now call Our Red Beets : but
Modern Authors have found out feveral other Kinds.
As, 1. Bela viridis Communis, The Common Green
Beet. 2. Beta alba , called alfo Candida & Pallef-
cens , The White Beet. 3. Beta rubra nojlra , cal-
led alfo nigra , Cf rubra vulgatior , The Red Beet.
4. Beta rubra , called alfo, Beta Romana , Beta rubra
Rapa rndice , Rapum Rubrum , Rapum fativum R u-
brum , Beta nigra Romana , Ac; a erythrorrhizos , by
Lugdunenfis , The Roman Red Beet. 5. BetaCreti-
ca Jpinofa , Prickly Beets of Candia. 6. Beta Syl-
vejtris maritime , Sea Beets. 7. iir/a L/tc/a Syriaca,
Yellow Beets. 8. Beta platicaulos, Beta Cojta lata,
alba Lutea , aurea, ruberrima , Italiea , Jicttla, The
yellow or Hat Stalk’d Beet. Of all which Kinds we
fhall only Treat of the firft Four in this Book, as
being only proper for this purpofe. And of them, we
fhall Difcourfe of the two firft Kinds in this Chap-
ter.

III. The Defcription. 0«r Common Green Beet
is alntofl like unto the White Beet, having a great
long hard Roof, cf no uje after Seed time , from
whence fprings up many large Leaves lying upon the
Ground of a green Colour , atnidjl which rifes up a
large green Stalk crejled,, with fame Branches and
many Leaves thereon , almoft up to the Top. The
flowers grow in long Tufts or Spikes, fnialL at the
ends and turning down their Heads, and yielding
cornered Seed.

IV. Our Common White Beet has a long thick,
great Root, and hard after bearing Seed, which en-
dures all the Winter, and with its Leaves upon it,
but perijhing commonly the fecond Winter, from
whence comes forth great broad Leaves, fmooth and
flaw, lying next the Ground ; thefe fays Parkinfon,
grow in hot Countries to be three foot long and very
broad, and in our Country they are very large but
nothing near that Proportion , and they are of a
whitijh green Colour. From this Root rifes up a Stalk
great, flrong, and Ribbed or Crejled, bearing great
Jlorc of Leaves upon it, ahnojl up to the very top :
the Flowers grow along the Stalks in long tufted

Spikes Jnall at their extremities, and bending down
their Heads, and they clufier together in Jhape like
little Starrs ; which being pajf, there are fmall pale
greenifh yellow Burrs, yielding cornered, and uneven
prickly Seed.

V. The Places. The Green Beet Parkinfon fays
has been found near the Salt Marfhes by Rochefter,
in the Foot way going from the then Lady Levefons
Houfe thither. The White Beet is faid to grow
Wild upon the Sea Coaft of Tenet , and divers othef
places by the Sea. They delight to grow in fat and
moift Ground, but are chiefly nourimed up with us
in Gardens.

VI. The Times. They ought to be fown in the
spring : they flourifh and are green all the Summer
long, as alfo in Winter-, and they Flower in the
beginning of July , and the Seed is ripe in Au~
g“ft-

VII. The Qualities. They are Temperate in re-
fpetb to heat and moifture -, and of a Nitrous Quali-
ty, Abfterfive, a little Diuretick, Opening, Cepha-
lick, and Hepatick, Ptarmick, Alterative, and Alexi-
pharmick.

VIII. The Specification. They are found to be
Specifick againll Difeafes of the Head and Brain.

IX. The Preparations. The Shops keep nothing
thereof, but you may prepare therefrom, 1. A
Liquid Juice . 2. An InfpiJJate Juice. 3. An Ef-
fence. 4. ADeeoSion. ;. An Errhine. 6. A Ca-
taplqfm.

The Virtues.

X. The Liquid Juice. It is Nitrous and deanfing:
being taken vj. or viij. Spoonfuls at a time, at going
to Bed for fome Nights, it opens the ObftruSaons
of the Liver and Spleen, and is good againft the Head
Ach.

XI. The Infpijfate Juice, made with Vinegar in-
to the thicknefs of a Balfam, and apply’d to the
Temples, prevails againft the Inflammations of the
Eyes, and mixed with Oil Olive, is good againll
Burnings and Scaldings.

XII. The EJJence. It is good againft the Yellow
Jaundice, opens Obftru&ions both of Liver and
Spleen, is good againft the Vertigo, and the Bitings
of any Venomous Creature. It is good againft the
Itch, the parts affefted being bathed there with, and
cleanfes the Head of Dandriff, dry Scurff, Scabs
and heals fretting and running Sores, Ulcers and Her-
pes in the Head, Legs, or other Parts: it is alfo
faid to cure Baldnefs, and hinder the falling of the
Hair. Dofe 3. or 4. Spoonfuls or more.

XIII. The DecoOion. If it is made with Equal

parts of Water and Vinegar, it has all the Virtues
of the EJfence ; befides it prevails againft St. An-
thonies f ire , and all other Inflammations in any
Part. ’

XIV. The Errhine. It is made of the Liquid
Juice iv. ounces. Niter half an ounce mixed and
dijfo/ved. Being fnuft up the Noftrils it power-
fully empties and cleanfes the Head and Brain of
fuperfluous Humors which caufe the Apoplexy,
Epilepfy, Vertigo, Megrim, Cephalalgia, Cephalia’
Lethargy, Carus, and other like Diftempers of thofe
Parts ; it alfo eafes the Tooth Ach, and pains in the
Ears, and being outwardly apply’d, has all the
Virtues of the Eflence and Decoction.

XV. The Cataplafm. Made of the boiled Herbs
with or without the Addition of a little Niter and
Alum, and apply’d, it is good againft all forts of
Wheals, Puthes, Boils, Blains, and other eruptions
of the Skin, as alfo for Chilblains or Kibes whether
on Hands or Feet, fpeeedily Curing them.

CHAP.

8 6 Salmon s Herbal . Lib. I.

CHAP. LXI.
BEETS Red.

Names. This Plant is called by the
1 Greeks , ’Uvtkov texb& v-. by the Latinos , Beta
t ultra , ani Beta nigra : and by us in Englijh , The
Red Beet.

II. The Kinds. It is the third Species of the
Generick Kind, as is before declared.

III. The Defcription. This Kind differs nothing
from the former White Beet, but only that it is net fo
great , and that both the Roots and Leaves are fome-
what red: the Root is red , fpongy , and not ufed to
be eaten. The Leaves are in fome more red than in
others , which have but red Veins or Streaks in them ^
in fome cf a frejh red , in others of a very dark red ,
freaked here and there confufed/y. The Blowers
and Seed differ little or nothing from the former.

IV. The Places. It grows where the former
grows, and with us are only brought up in Gar-
dens.

V. The Times. They are Sowed in the Spring :
endure all Summer , and fometimes all Winter ,
Flower in July , and the Seed is Ripe in Au-

II. The Qualities. It is temperate as to heat and
cold ^ and dry in the firft, fome think in the fecond
Degree. It is Abfterlive, Aftringent, and Vulnerary :
Cephalick, Splenetick, Nephritick, Hyfterick and
Arthritick, Alterative, and Analeptick.

VII. The Specification. It is a peculiar thing
for Hopping the Blood in any kind of Hemor-
rnage.

VIII. The Preparations. They are the fame with

the former, as, i. A Liquid Juice. 2. An In-
J'pujate Juice. 3. An E fence. 4. A Decotlion.

5 . An Errhine. 6 . A Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

IX. All thefe Preparations have the fame Virtues
with the former, and may be given in the fame man-
ner and Dofe. But this difference is obferved, that
thefe are more Aftringent or Binding • and there-
fore, both the Liquid and Solid Juices, the Effence
and Decoflion , all very effe&ually flop the over-
flowing of the Terms in Women, and flop other
fluxes of Blood: and are more effectual for curing
any Ulcer, or running Sore, and to dry up and re-
move moift and running Scabs, and other like de-
flations of the Skin. They are good againft the
Bloody Flux, and other Fluxes of the Bowels, ftop
the Whites in Women, and help the Yellow Jaun-
dice, and this more efpecially if daily given for fome
time mixed with a imall quantity of the Tinaure
of Mars.

CHAP. LXII.

BEETS Roman.

l.'fiVHE Names. This Plant is called in Greek,
X 76VTK0V eu(j.AK0y : In Latin, Beta Romana , R&>
mana rubra, Rapofa , Beta rubra radice Rapa, radice
rubra c raff a-, and in Englijh, Roman Beet, Red Beet,
and Carrot Beet.

II. The Kind. It is our Fourth Species of Beets,
and a lingular Kind.

III. The Defcriptions. It hut a Root red as Blood,
and as long and as big as thegreatefi Carrot, very red.
both within and without, very f we et and good, and fit to
be eaten ( which none of the former are ) and fome-
times the Root is fhort like a Turnep, whence it took
the Name Rapa and Rapofa : Prom this Root fprings
up a Stalk, higher than our Common Red Beet, which
in its make and form of the Leaves, and proporti-
on, differs little or nothing from the former, but only

art

Chap. 62. Englijh 'Herbs.

are of a better tafte, and. of a red Colour like the
former Beer. Gerard fays, they are of a very red
Colour , and that they , as well as the Root , Stalk, and
flowers, are regie at with a per fell purple Juice ,
tending to Rednefs : the middle Rib of the Leaves is
for the the moft part very broad and thick , like the
middle part of the Cabbage Leaf which is equal in
goodnefs with Cabbage being boiled : the Flpwers ( ex-
cepting the height of the Colour ) and the Seed are
all one with the former Common Red Kind. Gerard
fays that in 1596. it grew with him to the height of
viij. Cubits, which is xij. Feet, and did bring forth
its rough and unpleafing Seed very plentifully. With
this Plant (fays he) INature feems to Play and Sport
her felf : for the Seeds taken from that Plant , which
was altogether of one Colour , being Sown, do bring
forth Plants of many and variable Colours , very beau-
tiful. Now if I may be admitted to render a Reafon
of this Variety , I am of opinion it is from the differ-
ing Soils in which they arc Sown , which thing I have
obferved in fever al other Plants , even to- admira-
tion.

IV. The Places. It is Originally a Foreign Plant,
and brought to us out of Italy, but now is become
a free Denizon, or rather a Native of our Country,
in which it thrives as well as in any place of the
World. It is nourifh’d with us only in Gardens t
where it profpers very well.

V. The Times. It Flowers in the latter end of
June if the Seafon is warm, or beginning of July-,
and yields its ripe Seed in Auguft.

VI. The Vitalities. It is temperate as to heat and
cold, and dry in the end of the firft Degree, Trau-
matick, very Aftringent, and fomething Styptick
withall, Splenetick, and Hyfterick, Alterative,
and Analeptick.

VII. The Specification. It is a peculiar thing for
Hopping Hemorrhages. _

VIII. The Preparations. You may Prepare from
it 1. al Liquid Juice. An Infpiffate Juice. 3. An
Effence. 4. A Decottion. 5. A Cataplafm. 6. A
Saline Tin Jure.

The Virtues.

IX. The Liquid Juice. Given to iij or iv. ounces
in White Wine, it is good againft the Yellow Jaun-
dice: it alfo flops all Fluxes of Blood in the internal
parts caufing Spittings, Vomiting, orpiffing of Bloody
belides which it is admirable for the cure of a Dyfen-
tery, and other Fluxes of the Bowels, very much
ftrengthening them.

X. The Infpiffate Juice. Being reduced to Pou-
der, and ftrewed upon any bleeding Wound, it pre-
fently Hops the bleeding. So alfo being diffolved, in
Vinegar or Oxy crate, and then Stuphes to be dipt in
and apply’d. This Juice diffolved in Syrup of
Limons , and made into a Lohoch, is excellent to
ftrengthen a Weak Stomach, being fometimes taken
with a Liquorice Stick.

XI. The Effence. Being taken daily with Tin Ju-
ra Martis, it powerfully opens Obftruflions of the
Spleen : And being taken with Crocus Martis Aflrin-
gens, it powerfully Hops the overflowing of the
Courfes.

XII. The DecoJion. It has the Virtues of the
Juices and Effence, but is fomewhat weaker, and
therefore ought to be taken longer. It will be better
if it be made with Red Stiptick Wine, or with the
Rougheft Red Florence.

XIII. The Cataplafm. If it is made of the raw
Leaves and apply’d, it removes DandrifF or the
white Scurff, the place being firft well rubbed with
Sal Nitre it alfo flops the fpreading of running
Sores, and helps Scald-Heads , (if mixed with a

little Nitre) as alfo the Tinea, Alopecia, and other
ill-natured breakings out of thofe parts, which caufe
the Flair to fall. If it is made of the boiled Leaves,
it is good againft Burnings and Scaldings, Inflamma-
tions, and other hot Tumors, Tubercles, Wheals
and fuch like, proceeding from Inflamed Blood and
Choler.

XIV. The Saline Tin Jure. It is good againft
Scabs, Itch, Scurff, DandrifF, Scales, Scurvey, Spots,
Lice, Nits, C c. Chilblains, Kibed Heels, the parts
aftebted being often walhed, and fometimes well
(baked in the fame,

XV. It is ttjel (I mean the Root) as a Sailer , aril
to adorn and furnifh out Dijhes of Meat withall ,
being as fweet and good as any Carrot : and if boil’d
as Carrots, and eaten with Butter, Vinegar, Salt and
Pepper, it makes a moft admirable Dilh, and very
agreeable with the Stomach.

CHAP. LXIII.
BELL-FLOWER Small.

!• ' I ' II E Names. Some Authors will allow this
J- Plant no Greek Name-, but others fup-
pofe it to be the fame with Diofcorides his stVei :
It is called in Latin , Campanula : and in Englijh ,
Bell Slower.

cBeli:f&vjerzraxnl-/ccivect

II. The Kinds. Authors make almoft an Infinite
number of ipnds, amonglt which are the Throat
Worts, Campions, Rampions, and feveral other No-
minals, fo that they run into fo great Confufion a-
hout them that it is not ealy to be fet right. To
avoid therefore all this clutter and trouble, we fhall
Treat of thbfe otherwife Denominated under their
proper Titles and Names they are belt known by ;
and in this and the fucceedingChapter,difconrfe only
of the Chief of thofe which are peculiarly called Bell-
flower.

Salmon’.)' ‘Herbal.

Lib. I.

Flowers. Ot the Bell-Flowers of which we (hall
take notice, there are two Principal Kinds, viz. i.
The Small Bell-Flower , of which we Treat in this
Chapter. 2. The Great Bell-Flower •, of which in
the next Chapter.

III. Of the Small Bell-flower , we take notice of
three kinds : j . Campanula Cerulea vel Rot undifolia.
Blew or Round-leaved Bellflower. 1. Campanula al-
ba, White Bell-flower. 3. Campanula luted , Fellow
Bell-flower.

IV. The Defcription. The Blew or Round-leavM
has a Jmall thready Root, from whence rifles up Leaves
which lye upon the ground, round and Jmall, almoft
like unto a VioletCeaf, but rounder, and fnipped or
dented, from whence rife up divers weak, /lender
Stalks about two foot high , jet from the bottoms to
the tops, with many very Jmall, long, narrow leaves,
where the flowers J1 and upon Jmall long ftalks, very
like in fafhion ana bignejs unto the Jmall Garden
Ramp ions, but of a perfetl blew colour, moft common-
ly turning towards Purple, and Jometimes White, thd
feldom : after whieh follows Jmall Seeds, in j'mall
Heads, like thoje of Rampions.

V. The White Bell-flower ( which fame account a
Kind of Wild Rampion J is a Jmall Plant with a J len-
der Root, of the bignejs of a Jmall ftraw, with fome
firings Jpringing from it. The leaves are fomewhat
long, f moot!) , and of a perfetl green colour, lying flat
upon the ground. From thence rife Jmall tender ftalks
Jet here and there with a few leaves -, and the flowers
grow at the tops of them of a Milk-white colour.

VI. The Yellow Bell-flower is a very beautiful
Plant of an handful high : It has roots like to the Blew
or Round-leaved •, and the leaves are almofl like to
the Jame,Jave that thoje which lie next the ground
are not Jo round as the former, a little larger, and
longifh , and fome of them a little dented about the
edges -, the flowers in their way and manner of grow-
ing, are like the former, but differ only in the colour,
theje being of a pale yellow.

VII. The Places. They grow wild in moft places
in England, efpecially upon barren fandy Heaths,
and fuch other like places.

VIII. The Times. They flower all the Summer
long, fome continuing till the cold of Autumn makes
them decay.

IX. The Qualities. They are cold and dry in the
firft degree, of the nature of Rampions : Aftringent,
Stomatick, and Alterative.

X. Preparations. You may make therefrom, 1. A
diftilled Water of the whole Plant. 2. A Cataplaflm
of the Root.

The Virtues.

XI. The Diftilled Water. It is good againft dif-
colourings and deformities of the skin, cleanfing it,
and making the face very clear and fair.

XII. The CataplaJ'm. The roots beaten into a Mafs,
and made in'.o a Cataplafm, with Meal of Lupins
and Vinegar, is reftri&ive, abates the Milk in Wo-
mens Breafts, takes away fpots and marks of the
skin, and removes many other of its deformities.

LXIV.

BELL-FLOWER Great.

I. ' b ' HE Karnes. It lias no known Greek Name :
X the Latins call it Campanula, and Campanula
in agna : in Englijh, Great Bell-flower.

III. The Kinds. This is the fecond Species of our
Generick Kinds, and is three-fold. 1. Campanula
perficifolia, the Peach-leaved Bell-flower. 2. Campa-
nula lattefcens pyramidalls. Campanula major ■, the
Pyramidal milky Bell-flower. 3. Viola Mariana,
Coventry Bells.

III. The Defcription. The Peach-Ieav’d Bell
flower has a Root very Jmall, white , and thready,
creeping under the upper cruft of the ground, Jo that
oft times the heat and drought of the Summer does
parch it, and caufe it to wither away : from whence
Jprings many Tufts or Branches of Leaves lying up-
on the ground, which are long and narrow, much
like to an Almond or Peach leaf, being finely nick'd
about the edges, and of a fad green colour. From
among theje rifle up divers Stalks two foot high, or
more Jet with Leaves to the middle -, and from thence
upwards, with many flowers ftanding on Jmall Foot-
ftalks, one above another, with a Jmall Leaf at the
foot of every one. The flowers ft and in Jmall green
husks, Jmall and round at bottom, but wider open at
the brim, and ending in five corners, with a three
forked Clapper in the middle , Jet about with fome
fmall threads tipt with Fellow, which flowers in fome
Plants are pure White, but in others of a pale Blew,
or Watchct colour, having little or no Jcent at all :
the Seed is Jmall, and contained in round flat Heads ,
or Seed-VeJJels.

IV. The La&efcens Pyramidalis is a great Bell-
flower, whofle Root is thick and whitijh,yielding more
ft ore of Milk, being broken, ( as the Leaves and
Stalks aljo do) than any other of the Bell-flowers,
every one of which do yield Mi Ik, fome more, fome
lejs : From this Root rifles divers Stalks, a yard high
or better , on which grow divers Jmooth, dark, green
Leaves, broad at the bottom, and. Jmall at the point ,
fomewhat unevenly notch'd about the edges, and ftand-
ing upon longer Foot-ftalks below, than thoje above.
The Flowers are Blew, and in fome White, not Jo
great or large as the former, but near of the fame
fafhion, growing thicker, and more plentifully toge-

Chap. 65.

tbcr, w th J' mailer Leaves among them , bufbing thick
below, and rijing f mailer and thinner up to the Top
like a Pyramis , or Spire Steeple.

V . Coventry Bells Is a Plant which has a White
Root, which being young as in the fir jl year Sowing ,
is tender , and often eaten as other Rampions are ;

but the next year when it runs up to Seed, it grows
hard and perifhesi Prom hence Spring up Leaves
of a pale or frejh green colour , long and narrow next
to the bottom , and broader from the middle to the
end , fomewhat round pointed, a Utile hairy all over
and dented about the edges. The next year after
the Sowing , rife up Stalks , Something hairy alfo, and
branching forth from the Root into divers Arms, up-
on which grow fever of Leaves, f mailer than the for-
mer, and cf a darker green color. At the end of
every Branch Jiand the rlczcers in green husks, from
whence- come large, round, bellow Bells, fuelling out
in the. mid lie, and r 'fing JomewEat aboifc it, like the
neck of a Put$ and then ending in five Corners, which
are eit her of a fair or faint Whitey or of a pale blew
Purplifh colour, and font climes of a deeper Purple
or Violet. The Viewers being pafi, there grows up
great. Square, or corner d Sced-vefje/s, in which are
contained in five fever al Cells , or Divifions, fmall,
hard, brown, fin n mg fiat Seed.

VI. The Places. All thefe grow with us in Gar-
dens, where they are brought up for the beauty of
their Flowers. The Coventry Bells, Ray fays, grow
in Woody and Mountainous places ^ and Gerard
fays, in dark Valleys, under Hedges, among Bufhes,
more efpecially about Coventry, whence the name,
and where they grow very plentifully abroad in the
fields, but are alfo with them Nurfed up in Gar-
dens, as they are with us in London, which plea-
fant Bell-flower, is kept chiefly for its beauEy fake,
though its Root is alfo eaten as Rampions are.
The rirft of them alfo requires to be planted in Iha-
dy places.

VII. The Times. Thefe plants are to be conti-
nued by fowing them every other year. They bower
generally all the Summer Months : but the Peach-
leaved bower for the moft part earlier than the
others: The Coventry Bells fiowef in June, Juiv,
and Augufl, and the Seed ripens in the mean St. a-
fon, in regard they bring not forth their bowers all
at once, but as fome bower, others feed.

VIII. The Qualities. They are cold and dry in the
firft degree, Affringent, Traumatick, Vulnerary, Sto-
matick, and Alterative.

IX. The Preparations. You may make thereof,
i. An exprefjed Juice of the whole Plant. 2. A De-
co flion thereof in Wine. 3. A Catap/afm.

The Virtues .

X. The Exprefjed liquid Juice. Being bathed up--
on any Inbamed Part, it abates the Inbammation, and
flops the fluxion. And if a little Alum and Honey
is diflolved therein, it makes a good Lotion for old
Sores, running Ulcers, and a virulent Gonorrhea in
Man or Woman.

XI. The Decoilion in Wine. It makes an extra-
ordinary Gargle for a fore Mouth and Throat, in-
bammation of the Uvula and Almonds, more efpe-
cially if a little Alum and Honey be alfo diflolved
therein.

XII. The Cataplafm. It allays Inflammations, ea-
fes Pain, and reprefles the Flux of Humors.

CHAP. LXV.
BETONY Wood.

I. np H E Names. It is called by the Arabian /,
JL Chaftra : by the Greeks, ^ 'Vvyj r&<poy :
by the Latins , Hctonica : and by us Eng/ifh, Be-
tony.

IL The

Salmon’ s ‘Herbal. Lib. I.

II. The Kinds. There are two principal kinds
thereof, i. Ks^y- Betonica, Betony which is that
of the Wood : it is twofold, viz. either with P un-
fit thavers, which is moil common •, or with JVh/te :
which two kinds differ nothing one from another,
but only in the colour of the flowers. 2. Betonica
Aquatic a, Wiiter Betony, of which in the next Chap-

Ill The Defcription. Wood Betony bus a Root
confiding of many white, thready firings like unto
tb-Je of Plantane, which generally endures all the
Winter from whence rjfes many Leaves, the lower-
mofl whereof are fomewhat broad, and roundijh at the
ends, flight ly indented about the edges, and ft and up-
on pretty long Footflalks : but thof'c which grow by
two and two at the Joints upon fmatl flender four
fjuare and fomewhat hairy Stalks, are much leffer.
The Stalk is for the moft part near a hoot high, and
fom climes higher, and perijhes every year, upon
which grow feme Leaves, and whereon are fet feve-
ral f piked heads of Flowers, of a Redifh or Furple
colour, f pot ted with white fpots all over. The Seeds
' are longifh and uneven, and of a blacki fh colour.

IV. That with White Flowers u wholly like to
the former, five that the f piked heads of Flowers are
fomewhat J' mailer, the Flowers without any fpots in
them, and the Leaves fomething greener. There is
alfo a Mountain Betony, which differs nothing from
the Jirfl, but that the Leaves, Stalks and Flowers
are f mailer. There is a Broad Leav’d Betony, which
differs not from the firfl, but in the Leaves, being
two or three times as big, a larger and higher
Stalk, and the Flowers being larger ■, this is called
Betonica Danica. Alfo Betonica Alopecuros, Fox-
tail Betony, Jo called from the form of the f piked
head if flowers, but is every way lefs, as alfo are the
Stalks and Leaves.

V. The Places. The common fort is ufually found
in Woods and Copjes, and other Ihady places through-
out the Kingdom, and is many times nurfed up in
Cardens : but that with the White Flower is more
V fully found in ltift' Clay Grounds, and in the
Woods by Bromly in Kent. The firft I have feve-

ral times found in, and by the Borders of Hornfey
Wood, not far off the New River. That with the
other are alfo nourilhed up in Gardens.

VI. The Times. They hower for the moft part in
the Months of June and July, and the Seed is ripe
not long after.

VII. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the
fecond. degree ^ Abfterfive, Digeftive, Difcuflive, Iq-
carnative, and Vulnerary ; Cephalick, Neurotick
Stomatick, Cardiack, Hyfterick, Arthntick, Altera-
tive, and Analeptick.

VIII. The Specification. They are peculiar againft
Dileafespf the Head and Nerves, as Falling-ficknefs
Apoplexies, Palfies, Gouts, Madnefs, Lfc.

IX. The Preparations. You may make therefrom
1. A liquid Juice by Exprejfion. 2. A Decotfion.
3- A Wine. 4. A Vinegar. ?. A Syrup. 6. A
Spirit ous Tintfure. 7. An Oily Tintfure. 8. A Sa-
line Tintfure. 9. An Acid Tintfure. 10. An Ef-
fence. it. A fixed Salt. 12. AnOintmcnt. 13. j{
half am. 14. A Cataplafn.

TJae Virtues.

X. The liquid Juice by Exprejfion, being drunk
to fix or eight fpoonfuls it is good againft Fits
chiefly the Falling-ficknefs, Con vul lions, and the
like •, and being mixed with a little pouder of Sena,
it prevails againft Madnefs : being fnuffed up the
Noftrils, it purges the Head of Flegm, and Cold
Humors, and gives relief in the Apoplexy, Paliie,
Lethargy, and other like Difeafes.

XI. The Decotfion. If made with Wine, it is Sto-
matick and Cephalick, comforts the Nerves and
Brain, refrefhes the Spirits^ opens Obftruffions of
Liver and Spleen, ana is faid to kill Worms, eale
the Gripings of the Bowels, and the Colick. Dole
half a pint.

XII. The Vinegar. It is Stomatick, and being
drunk to half a pint, or three quarters of a pint, it
is faid to cure Quartan Agues, and abate the Hu-
mors which fall into the Eyes, and caufe Blind-
nefs.

XIII. The Syrup. It is Pectoral, and caufes an
Expectoration of Flegm, and other tough Vilcous
Humors out of the Lappets of the Lungs, and other
places adjacent. It may be taken with a Liquorice
ltick.

XIV. The Spirituous Tintfure. It is a notable
Medicine againft all cold and moift Difeafes, of the
Head, Brain, Nerves and Joints j is good againft
Epilepfies, Apoplexies, Convulfions, rallies. Pains
and Aches of thofe parts ^ Gouts, and Weaknels of
the Joints,^ r. Dofe from half an ounce to fix drams,
in fome fit Vehicle.

XV. The Oily Tintfure. This is of chief ufe for
external Applications, and is profitable to be anoin-
ted upon any pained place, proceeding from Cold,
Blows, Bruifes, or other weakneffes of the Limbs
and Joints : being bathed upon the Head, it eafes
the Head-ach, Megrim, and other like Difeafes.

XVI. The Saline Tintfure. Outwardly bathed
upon the Joints, it prevails againft the Gout, and
other pains of the Limbs, Palfies, Convulfions, or
Ihrinking of the Sinews : drunk in White Wine from
one dram to two drams, it is good againft die Jaun-
dice and Dropfie, and opens Obftruflions of the
Reins : and given to Children from a fcruple to a
dram, it kills Worms, and is good againft the Ric-
kets, and expels Sand and Gravel in Reins, Ureters,
and Bladder.

XVII. The Acid Tintfure. This pofiibly is one
of the greateft Stomaticks in the World, and is an
excellent thing to ftrengthen the Head, Stomach,
and Womb, to help Digettion, caufe a good Appe-

Chip. 66.

ill)

9

i

tite open Obftruttions of the -Vifcera , and to cure
Coughs, Colds, WheezingS, Shortifcls ot Breath,
Ron inward Bleedings, and to remove Catarrhs,
which tall upon the Lungs. Dole, a quarter ol a
Spoonful, more or lei's, in a Glals ol Generous
Wine. ,

XVIII. T heEffence. Taken inwardly two or three
dr more Spoonfuls at a time, Morning and Evening,
it is good again!! the Jaundice, Ealling-iicknels,

Convulfions, Megrim, Vertigo, Stuffings ol the Lungs,

Griping pains ot the Bowels, and Wind. Colick * it
opens the Womb, and provokes the Terms in Wo-
men when ftopt. It is a famous Traumatick, or
Vulnerary, caufing a fpeedy healing to old Bores,
Running Ulcers, and the like ; and given to Women
in Travel, it caufes fpeedy Delivery, and gives eaie
in the After pains, which many times come through
taking cold.

XIX. The fixed Silt. Given to one fcruple with
a little Juice of Limons and Canary, it flops Vomit-
ing and mixt with Eflence ol Winter Cherries, it
provokes Urine, removes It op pages ol the Urinary
Parts, and expels Sand, Gravel, and other Tartarous
and Vifcous Matter.

XX. T he Ointment. It Cafes Pains and Aches,
difcufles Tumors, relaxes (hrunk Sinews ; diffolves
Congelations, and is good againft Indurations ol
what kind foever, except they be Cancerous.

XXI. The Balfam. It is an excellent thing for
the curing of Green Wounds, in any part of the
Body, but chiefly of the Nervous Parts. It Digefts,
Cleanfes, Incarnates, Cicatrizes, and heals Wounds
of all forts after an admirable manner ; and in many
cafes performs the Cure in a few days time ; dref-
fing the Wound with it twice a day.

XXII. The Cataplafm. Made of the green Herb,
and applied to the Head, it eafes the Head-ach and
Megrim in an hours time : applied to hard Tumors,
it foftens them, and difcufles the Humors gathered
together in Contufions, where no Bones nor Veflels
are broken. Applied to inveterate Scabs, it removes
them, qualifies the lharp Humors, and in a Ihort
rime after cures them.

rife up fomeahat like Fig-wort, hut generally higher,
fquare, hard, and 'green, fmetimes brown. Jet with
dark, broad, green Leaves, Jb very like unto thofe of
Fig-wort, that they have been ojten mijlaken one for
another, being alfo dented about the edges, but with
rounder Notches ; by the careful obfervtng whereof,
they may be dijlinguijhed and in that rejpefl. Jome -
1 1 ung refemblmg Wood Betony Leaves, but of a larger
fize, and two for the mojl part Jet at a joint. At the
lops .of the Branches , as ajjo at the Joints, where the
Leaves come out from the middle of the Stalk upwards ,
come forth many round, bellied blowers, which being per -
feSly blown , are open at the brims, but divided into
two parts, the uppermojl like a hood -, the lower mojl
like a lip hanging down , of a dark red color : which
being paft away, there comes round heads with fmall
points in the ends, containing Jinall and brownijh
Seed,

d4;aftr: betony

LXVI.

Water BETONY.

I. *Tp H E Names. It knows no Greek Name

X but it is called in Latin by Vodonetts, Ge-
rard, Label, Lugdunenfis , Parkinfon , T abernmon-
tam/s, and Turner, Betonica Aquatica, and. Aquati-
Its. Tragus makes it his greater Ocimaffrum .- T ha-
Hus calls it Scrophularia major aquatica : fo alfo
Bauhims : We in Englijh calL it Water Betony, and
fome Brown-wort •, but this Name is more proper for
the Scrophularia major.

II. The Kinds. It is the fecond Species of the
Generick ; and is alfo either the Greater, or the Lef-
fer the Greater is called in Latin and Englijh, as
aforefaid •, the Leffer is called by Lobe/, Betonica
aquatic a minor : Camerariusfm his Epitome of Mat-
thiolus , calls it Scrophularia famina : and in Englijh ,
Water Betony the leffer, Brook-Betony, and Bijhops-
leaves.

Ill; The Defcription. The Greater has a Root con-
f fling of a thick bujh of firings - and threads proceed-
ing from a head -, or of a great number of fibrous
firings,which being fajtned to the bottom of the Stalk,
feeds it with nourifhment in Summer, at the end oj
which time it perijhes. From this Root the Stalks

IV. The Lcfler kind has thready Roots almofl like
the former, differing only in fmalnefs : the 'Stalks
are fquare and green ; the Leaves round ahnojl, but
yet pointed, and of the fame dark green colour, and
the Flowers are of a fad red or purple. In a word,
this is in all things like the former, fave only in the
magnitude -, this being lower and leffer by three parti
itl four'.

V. The Places1. The firlt grows in England as

frequently as any Herb whatever, by Brooks, Banks
of Rivers, and other Water-courfes ; but is feldom
found far from the Water-lide, unlels it has been
planted in a Garden. The other is found in like
places in Germany near Bafil, and grows alfo with
us, if planted in Gardens. ■

VI. The Times. They flower in July and Augujt,
and their Seed is ripe in a little rime after.

VII. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the
end of the firlt degree, or beginning of the fecond ;
they are Aftringent, Ablterfive, Digeftive, Trauma*
tick and Vulnerary : Pettoral, Hepauck, Splene-
tick’ Hyfterick, and Arthritick -, Alterative, and Ana-

lePtlck- N a VIII. The

Salmon V 'Herbal

Lib. I.

_ VIII. T he Specification. They are peculiar, the
Greater elpecially, tor the curing ot the Kings-
Evil, and other malign and inveterate Sores and
Ulcers.

IX. The Preparations. There may be made from
it : I. A liquid Juice by Exprejfion. 2. A Pouder.
3. An E fence. 4. A Decoffion. 5. A Wine. 6. A
Spirit or/s Tinffure. 7. An Oily Tinffure. 8. RS./-
line Tin ff tire. 9. An Acid Tinffure. 10. A Spirit.
A Salt. 12. A Wafh. 13. An Oil. 14. vl

half am. 17. ACataplafin,

17. A Syrup.

1 6. A Dijl riled Water.

The Virtues.

X. The liquid Juice of the whole Plant. Mixed
with Vinegar, and applied Morning and Night, it
waits and dillolves any hardnefs or fwelling : The
Juice drank five or fix fpoonfiuls at a time, cures
the fpitting of Blood, bleeding at Nofe, bloody
Flux, overflowing of the Terms, and reprefles the
afflux ofBlood to the Tumor in the Throat, called
a Sfi/ inJ 'ey.

XI. The Pouder of the whole Plant. Being drunk
Morning and Evening to one dram, in any conve-
nient Vehicle, it is much commended againft: the
Piles or Hemorrhoids.

XII. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice, befides which, being taken inwardly every
day for fome time, Morning, Noon and Night, to
three or four ounces, it wonderfully prevails aga’inft
the Kings-Evil, and induces Running Sores, Old
Ulcers, and Filtula’s in what part of the Body fo-
ever to a fpeedy healing : It is alfo good againft
Scabs, Itch, Boils, Wheals, Pulhes, Leprofie, being
daily drunk, as aforefaid, and outwardly bathed
and applied upon the Parts affe&ed.

XIII. The Decoffion in Water. It allays the heat
of Fevers, quenches Thirft, and is good to Bath
with in Leprofies, Scabs, Breakings out, or any other
defilements of the Skin : It alfo gently difeufles In-
flamations, and other hot Tumors.

XIV. The Wine. Drunk daily as a Diet Drink,
wonderful lv prevails againft the Scrophula , or Kings’
Evil, and ftrikes at the Root of the Difeafe, whe-
ther in Old or Young : refills Vapors in Women, and
helps Fits of the Mother.

XV. The Spirituous Tinffure. Being taken for
fome time, it warms and deficcates a cold and moift
habit of Body, comforts a cold and moift Brain,
gives relief to the Nerves, ftrengthens the Liver and
Spleen ^ and, as I have been told by a very under-
ftanding Midwife, it fo corroborates and warms the
Womb, as to cure Barrennefs in Women, the which
it has done in feveral. Dofe, half a Spoonful
Morning and Evening, in a Glafs of Generous
-Wine.

XVI. The Oily Tinffure. It cures wounds of the
Nerves, takes away Pains and Aches of the Joints
proceeding from a cold Caufe, gives relief in Rheu-
matifms ^ and foftens cold indurated Tumors. Ta-
ken daily inwardly from ten drops to twenty, in any
proper Vehicle, Morning and Night, it cleanfes the
Reins and Womb of cold llimy Humors, and other
Tartarous Mucilage.

XVII. The Saline Tinffure. It is a famous thing
to clear the Skin of Tanning, Sun-burning, Freckles,
Lentils, Scabs, Itch, Scurf, Dandritf, Boil^ Wheals’
Scabs, Leprofie, and other like Deflations, being
bathed therewith Morning and Evening for \ or 4
days, more or lefs, as occafion requires : ’tis pofflble
it may take oft the old Skin, under which a new
one will come beforehand. It ought to be ufed

Ample of it Mf at firlt^ afterwards it is to be wea-
ker.ed, and fo ufed, mixed with Role-water.

X V 111. The Acid Tinff ur e . Being taken for fome
coniiderable time Morning, Noon and Night, from
thirty to fixty drops in any convenient Vehicle it
cures the Scorvy radically with all its Symptoms
and deltroys that humor which is the caufe of the
Kings-Evil ; it alfo kills Worms in Children and
by corre&ing the matter which breeds them’ pre-
vents their future increafe. ’ r

XIX. The Spirit. It is Cordial, Hyfterick, Arthri-
nck, and Antifcorbutick, and has the Virtues of the
Spiritous Tinfture. Dofe one or two fpoonfuls.

f,K S?l‘- Ir °Pens oMfruftions of the
Womb, Reins, Ureters, and Bladder, carries off Wa-
tty and Hydropick Humors ; is good againft the
Rickets in Children, and the Cachexia in Virgins
and other young Women : and diffolved in Whter’
is good to wafh the face withal, to clear it of Sun’
burnings. Tanning, Roughnefs, and other like defor-
mities ot the Skin.

XXI. TheWaJh. It is made of the clarified Juice

mixed with the fixed Salt : to a quart of the Juice
one ounce of Salt. It is an admirable thing indeed foj
the Face and Skin, clearing it, as it were, of all de-
formities : and if to the former compofition an
ounce of pure Nitre is added, it abates all manner
of heats, rednefs of the Skin, Inhumations, and o-
ther like difafteaions. If alfo yet you add thereto
Lac Sulphuric, or if but flowers of Sulphur you
will find it efteSual againft the Itch, Pimples, Scabs
Scurfs, Dandriff, Leprofie, and all other Breakings
out of the Skin whatfoever. 6

XXII. The Oil by Infufwn or lnfolation. It eafes
Pains, difeufles Tumors, and is good againft Con-
tufions or Bruifes in what part of the Body foever.

XXIII. The Balfam. It has all the Virtues of the
Saline Tinflure ; and, being applied, is a lingular
thing againft Wounds new or old, running Sores
old Ulcers, malign Fiftula’s, and it cures Scrofula’s’
or Kings-Evil Sores almoft to a miracle, for which
reafon it is called by fome Authors Scrcphularia ■
it being alfo applied to the Gout, and other Aches’
and Pains of the Limbs, it gives eafe to them by
attraaing the Humor through the Pores of the
Skin.

..Tf^oTh,eA‘ltaf!afm\ Ir isDifcuffive, wafts and
dillolves Swellings, and is profitable, being applied
in Strumatick, or Kings-Evil Tumors. Ir the Ca-
taplalin is only made of the green leaves beaten
and mixed with a little Vinegar, and applied Morn-
ing, Noon and Night, it does not only dilfolve
hard Tumors, but heals old, rotten, corrupted
fpreading and fretting Sores and Ulcers, cotretS
the virulence of Pockey Sores, and Hops the malig-
mty of Cancers ^ and this more elpecially. if a pro-
portional quantity ot'Lilharge , or Saccharum Satur-
ni be added thereto.

XXV. The Dijii/led Water It is Cofmetick and

is of the nature of the Saline Tinaure, and the Wafh
having the lame Virtues ; but it is nothing near fo
powerful. However, where water is neceflary to
be mixed with them, this, as being more homogene
may be ufed in its place. ’

XXVI. The Syrup ; if it is male with Honey and
Juice of Lintons, or pure Wine Vinegar. It is an ex-
cellent thing to open Obftruaions ot the Breft and
Lungs, help fhortnels of Breath, caufe Expeftora-
tion, and to expel thole grofs and obnoxious Hu-
mors which caufe the Scurvy, Gout, Kheumatifm,
Kings-Evil, and are the Ground and Foundation
of all forts of Fevers happening to the Bodies of
Human Kind.

CHAR

CHAP. LXVII.

B I FOIL, jrTW A-B LADE.

I.' I ' H E Names. It Was not known to the Greeks,
X unlefs the 'Of ids of I* liny be it, which fome
Hetborifts believe, and therefore call this Plant by
that name : in Latin it is alfo called Ophris and
Bifoliim and in Englijh , Bifoil or Twab/dde.

II. The Kinds. There are two Kinds thereof, viz.
I. Ophris feu Bifolium, fylvejlre vit/gare , Common
Wood Bifoil or Twablade. 2. Bifolium Paluftre.
Ahirjh Bifoil.

III. The Defcription. It has a Root fomewhat
fweet, with a head or top fomevibat thick (which
fome call a Bulbe ) J, booting marry long Fibres down-
wards, from which Root rifes up a round green
Stalk, bare or naked next to the ground, for an Inch
two, or three, to the middle thereof, as the Riant k
in age and growth, as alfo from the middle upwards
unto the Flowers , having only two broad and Jhort
ribb’d pale green or hoary Leaves, very like unto
Flantane leaves, but whiter , and fet at the middle
of the Stalk, one on each fide, and encompa jjing it at
bottom : fometimes it will have three leaves, but k
more rare and this fome account to be a different

fort, but is rather to be looked upon to be lufus Na-
tural, in ground which abounds with too much nourijh-
ment, the which happens alfo to many other Plants ;
( as in Herb Paris, which has fometimes five, fix or
feyen leaves, and fometimes it wants a leaf of its or-
dinary number being but four, and in common Pre-
foil, which ufually has but three leaves, yet often-
times four are found uponfeveral Stalks, 8tc. ) the
Flowers at top of the Stalks, are mafpikedhead,and
they are many, f mall, long, whit iff green, and almofl
Jhapelejs bodies, fomewbat like unto fome of the Or-
chides or Vulgar Satyrions : thefe pa/fing away there
remains f mall heads, with a kind of dull in them
which is accounted to be the Seed.

I\ . The Marfh Bitoil has a Root which runs or
crferjsi, Ir: *be Earth, and the whole plant is Jo lit-
tle differing from the former, that the diff erences
Dace Jcarcely been obferved, whereby feveral have
been deceived in their judgments ■, but in thefe fol-
lowing particulars it is dijlinguijhed , i. In its Site oh
place of growing. 2. In thefmallnefsof the Plant, this
being much lefier, and having fometimes three leaves
aljo. 3. In the Greennefs , the other being of a more
hoary White. 4. In the J pike of Flowers, which ah
though of the fame fafinon or colour, or very near,
yet are left by far. ’

V. The Places. The foil ufually grows in Woods or
kopjes, and fuchlike fhady places, as between High
■f ?!e and Hamftead, alfo at Southfieet in Kent ; in a
Wood by Lcngfield Downs : in the Woods by Oven-
Aw near to Clare in Effex ; as alfo in the Woods
by Dunmow in Effex. The other grows not only in
the low wet grounds between Hatfield and St. Ah
bans but alfo in divers places in Rumney Marfh.

VI. The Times. They Power for the moft part in
May, and fo continue to the middle or end of June,
and then wholly wither away, and ate gone in
July.

c ,l ' They are Tempetate in thelf

nrlt qualities, Glutinative and Vulnerary i Neuro*
tick, Arthritick, and Alterative.

VIII. The Specification. They are Adapted fof
the Cure of Green Wounds.

IX. The Preparations. Thefe may be made frOril
it: 1. A liquid Juice. 2. An Effence. 3. A De*
coawn m Wine. 4. A Pouder. 5. An Ointment,
6. A Balfam. 7. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

X- Jbe liquid Juice. If mixt with Nitte, It at«
lays Inflamarions ; and gives eafe in the Gout s fo
alfo if mixed with Vinegar.

^ 's Glutinous, and heals
Wounds ( if umple ) by walhing them therewith}
more elpectally if at time of ufing, it is mixed with
a thud part of Wine, or Spirit of Wine: it prevails
alfo againlt Ruptures.

XII. The DecoSion. It is of admirable ufe in di-
lacerated Contulions, for it draws forth the fcar-
tered and hruifed Blood, cleanfes the Wound, and
dilboies it to healing.

XIII. The pouder of the Leaves. It difpofes green
wounds to healing, drys and heals.

XIV- Tpe Ointment. It foftens, gives eafe in pain,
and cleanfes W ounds without any iharpnefs, whe-
ther new or old : and is of good ufe in Ruptures.

A\. 1 he Balfam. It cutes all fimple wounds
commonly at one drefling, and if they be eontulei
and dilacetated, it digells them, cleanfes them, and
a vifT1 ^™raWe manner fpeedily heals them,

XVI. The Cataplafm. It difculfes foft Tumors,
and Contufions, where the skin is not broken: and
aPP',ed-uP°"an old open Ulcer, caufes a reparation
of the Stuff from the quick fiefh, and difpoles it for
healing, to be accomplifhed by other proper Me*
dicines.

CHAP. LXVIII.
BIND-WEED Common.

94

Salmon’*

Lib. I-.

Gwipanelta , Convolvulus albm , alio Kwir Arborum :
Others call it Volubllh , alfo Volub'ilis communis: and
in Eng/ijh, 'Bindweed, 'While ■Bindweed , and the
Greater -Bindweed.

II. The K/Wr. Of the Bind-vieeds we have to
treat of in this Work, there ire chiefly three, t.TV
Common great Bindweed , as alfo the Le/s aforenamed,
of which in this Chap. 2. The /e/Tee fi/ew Bind-weed.
3. The Black Bind-weed. Of which in the two next.

III. The Defcription. The Root is whitijh and
f mull , of the largenefs of Qiitch-grafs, or Something

bigger, running much under ground , and /hooting
jorth again in J ever a/ places : it lives under ground
all Winter , and /boots forth a frefh every Spring,
and ye Ids Milk, being broken, from this Root Jprings
up Jlender winding Salks, which run up, and wind
tbemfelves upon hedges, bujhes, or what is next it to
catch hold 0/ -, and if there is nothing for it to climb
upon, it runs it ft if along upon the ground, ef penal-
ly on the banks of dry ditches. The Leaves are di-
vers and large, -growing fever ally on the S talks, fome-
what long, and pointed at the further end, and parted
into two parts or points at the broad part next to the
Stalk, making it feem almoft three fquare, being
fmooth, and of a pale green colour, yielding a milk,
being broken, but not fo plentifully as Scamtnony .
At the Joints with the Leaves towards the tops of
the Branches come forth large White Flowers, in fa-
/hion of a Bell, without any cut or divifton in them
which being pa/fed off, there Comes forth round skin-
ny Husks, or Heads, containing within them many
J mall blackifh Seeds, and alrnofi three cornered. This
Great Bind-weed is fo like unto Scammony, that
excepting the largenefs of the Roots, and the grea-
ter force in purging, which indy both of them proceed
in part from the Climate, one would think it to be
one of the kinds of Scamniony, whofe many fender
winding Stalks run up, and wind them/ elves upon
whatever funds next, or near to them.

IV. The Leffer is like the Greater in moft re-
f pedis, except the Magnitude.

V. The Places. It grows throughout this King-
dom, near hedges and dry ditches, and other like
places.

VI. The Times. It Flowers with us in June , July
and Augufl •, and the Seed is ripe in fome fmali
time afterwards.

VII. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the firft
degree: Vulnerary, Arthri tick, and a little Cathar-
tick.

VIII. The Specif cation. It is peculiar for wafting
and difeufling Tumors.

IX. The Preparations. You may make there-
lrom, I. The infpifate Juice. 2. The liquid Juice .
3. The ponder of the Leaves, Flowers, and Roots , or
of the infpifate Juice. 4. The half am. 5. 'The
Cataplafm. '6. The Diflilled Water.

The

Chap. 69. Unglijh Herbs .

The Virtues.

X. The infpiffate Juice. Being dilTolved in Wine,
it makes an excellent Wa(h to cleanfe old Sores”
filthy, putrid, and running Ulcers, and hollow Fi-
ltula’s, inducing them to a fpeedy cure.

XI. T bo liquid Juice. Mixt with Red Wine, it is
a very good thing for a fore Mouth, and is of life
to heal Cankers in the Mouths of little Children :
and it Childrens Feet, who are ufually troubled
with Chilblains or Kibes, be waihed often herewith,
it perfeftly cures.

XII. 7 he Pouder of the Roots , Leaves , Flowers, or
infpiffate Juice. It admirably cleanfes and heals
old, rotten, and flunking Ulcers : and where the
Bone has been putrified, it has perfeftly cleanfed
the Ulcer, dried the Bone, and in a little time fca-
l*d it, and afterwards by the continual application,
it has covered it with Fled], incarnated the Ulcer,
and in a little time healed it : I fpeak this by great
experience : One time it happened, that a Youth
who had Kibes in his Feet, and lb much corrupted,
that the Bone it felf was putrified ; by the foie ap-
plication of this ponder, dry, upon the Ulcer, I clean-
fed it, fcaled the Bone which was black, and after-
wards incarned and healed the Ulcer, beyond the
expeUation of any one that then faw it.

XIII. T be Half am. It is lingular good for the cu-
ring of Wounds, but chiefly of old and putrid Ul-
cers, and efpecially of thofe Ulcers which arife
from Kibes in Childrens Feet, or from Tumors in
the Kings-Evil.

XIV. The Cataplafm. Being made of the green
Herb, and applied to the grieved place, it wattes,
dilfolves, or difculfes Tumors or Swellings, as Ga-
le.-: faith : I know it to be excellent to difcufs Chil-
blains in Childrens Feet.

XV. The DiJI idled Water. It is a good Cofme-
tick, and as fome fay, good againft Freckles, Pim-
ples, Scurf, and other defilements of the Skin : it
takes away Tanning, Sunburning, and tednefs of the
Face and Hands : and this it does more efpecially, if
it is mixt with a fmall quantity ( fome fay, equal
parts) of Vinegar, or Juice of Limons.

CHAP. LXIX.

TheLeffer BLEW BINDWEED.

I.' I 'HE Names. It is called in Latin, Convol-

X vulus minor, and Volubilis minor, to which
they add Purpureas, becaufe of the Purple color of
the Flower : And in Enghjh, Bindweed the lifer,
and1 Blew or Purple Bindweed.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral Species of it,
as, 1. Convolvulus minor vulgaris. The Common Small
Bindweed. 1. Altbaa foliis. Mallow leav’d. 0,. Pur-
pur eus, Purple Bindweed. 4. Ceruleus Hj panic us.
Blew Spanifh Bindweed. Convolvulus Spate foliis.
Lavender leav'd Bindweed : of all which in order.

III. The Defcription. It has a Root fmall and
flender, running both very deep into the ground , and
Spreading alfofir about, efpecially where the ground
is loofe and mellow : From this Root comes Stalks,
which rife up and wind tbemj elves upon any thing
which is near it, but othermife ufually Spreads every
way on the Earth, with long trailing and winding
Branches, one within another, having Leaves there-
on, fomemhat like unto the greater White Bindweed
'vt much leffer : The blower is for form, like the for-
mer White Bell-flower, and is Jometvnes wholly

95

It bite , or biU P/aits purplifh , but / efs , made of one
leaf plaited as it were into Jive folds , and opening
wide at the Brims : after which come fmall black/ fh
Seed \ contained in fmall. ’ long and round heads.

IV. The Mallow leav’d has a fmall and brownifh
Root, creeping under ground , and f booting up bra ft;
ches in difiant places : Prom this Root fprings bran -
ches , which grow not high , nor climb much upon any
thing, but for the moft part lyes with its finally Hen;
der, hairy twigs upon the Ear th7 having divers leaves

very

96

Salmon’ s ‘Herbal .

Lib. I.

very thinly , or poreingly Jet on them , fiomething
broad and long , like unto the leaves of Ma/jh- mal-
lows, but f mailer, crumpled , and cut in on both ftdes ,

//;<? /raw f/zir, dented about the edges , of a

hoary or dufty grayifh green Color , which when they
are cleared , are clammy , or flicking like Gum to the
Teeth , fharp , and font c what bitter in taftt. The
I ‘lowers come forth one by one at the feints with the
Leaves , </// o/.w? the Stalk , up to the top , <rtwy one
upon a long Stalk , which are very like the former ,
;'///? before defer i bed ■, they confiil of one whole leaf,
yet plaited as it were before the opening into five
plaits , and being open, have five corners, as if it had
five leaves, broad like a Cup or Bell at the brims, and
Jmall at the bottom, of a fine pale Purple color, and
Sometimes deeper, ajter which come forth heads of
Jmall Seed.

V. The Small Purple Bindweed, is in all things
like unto the firft of theje deferibed in this Chapter ,
fiming that the blowers are of a pale purplijh, or
b levci fh color, the folds being White, or of a deeper
Purple without , and White within, the bottom being
alfio agreeable therewith, which is of much beauty.

VI. The Spanifh Blew Bindweed, /vw a fimall threa-
dy Root, which dies every Tear, from which fhoots
forth fever al fimall Branches a yard long, or more,
having fever al Leaves fan ding fingly thereon, fimall
and long at the bottom , and broader , and almoj ? round
at the end, a little hairy as it were, all over. At
every leaf fir the mofl part, from the middle of the
Stalks upwards, comes forth a blower, like unto the
Common fort , folded into five plaits, which open into
fio many corners, of a moll admirable Sky colored
Blew (fio pie af ant to behold, that it amazes the fpctla-
tors ) zath White bottoms, pointed upwards, and Tel-
low in the middle, which pajfing away, there comes
fimall, round white heads, containing within them,
fimall blackifh cornered Seed, which is to be new fiown
every Tear .

VII. The Lavender leav’d,' This is like the firft in ali
things, except the Leaves, which are long and nar-
row, refiembling thofie of Lavender, or Linaria : But
it has a finer blower, plaited or folded in the compafis
of its Bell very orderly, efpe dally before the Sun
rife, for afterwards , when it opens its f elf , the folds
are not fio much perceived ■, and it is of a deep Pur-
ple color : the Seed is not unlike the reft, corner’d
and fiat, growing out of /lender Branches, which ft and
upright and thick together, proceeding from a White
woody Root.

VIII. The Places. The Firft of thefe is common,
and grows almoft every where in Fields, By-ways,
dry Ditches, Ditch banks, and Hedge fides, through
England. The Second and Fourth grow in Spain,
and are nourifhed up with us in Gardens. The Third
and Fifth are. common with us in England : This
Fifth or lalt, Gerard fays he found it growing in
the Corn Fields about Great Dunmow in Ejfex, in
fuch abundance, that it does much hurt to the Corn,
and Parkinfon fays, it is as great a plague to the
Fields where it grows, as the firit is.

IX. The Times. They all flower from May to
the end of Auguft, and the Seed ripens gradually in
the mean Sealon.

X. The Qualifies. They are all much of a Na-
ture, being hoc and dry in the firit Degree, a little
Aftringent, Vulnerary, Arthritick, and Alterative.

'Al. The Preparations. You may have, i. A li-
quid Juice. 2. An E /fence. ?. A Ponder. 4. A
Balfiam. $. ACataplafim. 6. A Liftilled Water.

The Virtues.

XII. The liquid Juice. Being often fluffed up
the Noifijls till it comes out again at the Mouth,

it cleanfes and heals Running Sores or Ulcers in
thofe parts : And if a little Nitre is dilfcived in it,
it purges the Head and Brain.

XIII. The Ejfence. It has the fame Virtues, but
is more Difcuihve, and prevalent tor the cleanfing
of Ulcers, and healing of Wounds.

XIV. The Ponder. Strewed upon a foul Ulcer, it
cleanfes it ( if alfo walhed with the Eflence ) and
afterwards it incarnates and heals.

XV. The Balfiam. It is an excellent Vulnerary,
and cures fimple Wounds many times at once drel-
fing.

XVI. The Cataplafim. Made of the Green Herb,
it difeufles Tumors, and applied upon Contufions
differ fes the Humors gathered together.

XVII. The Li filled Water. If you diflolve a lit-
tle Sal Prunella, or Nitre in it, it is good againft
Heats and Breakings out in the Face, Tannings,
Sun-burnings, Pimples, Scurf, and other like De-
formities.

CHAP. LXX.
BINDWEED Black.

I. H E Names. It is fuppofed to be called in
1 Greek 'Eifiivn Kifftiyanx®- : In Latin, He/xine
Ci if impel os. Convolvulus minor niger Label calls it
Ci/fampelos altera atriplicis ejfigie : Dodo me us calls
it, Convolvulus niger : Thales calls it, Volubilis me-
dia five nigra : Collumna calls it. Polygonum He de-
race urn : Cordus on Li of cor ides takes it to be E la-
tine : And Angular a will have it to be Centunculus
P/inij : in Englifh, Black Bindweed.

II. The Kinds. There is, 1. The Common Black
Bindweed , which though it is one of the fmall Bind-
weeds, yet is the greater of the Black. 2. CiJJam-
pelos altera Anglica minima. The fmalleft Black
Bindweed, of Englifh Growth.

III. The

Chap. 71. TLnglijb

III. The Defcription. It has a Root fmall and
J lender , perijhing every Tear, and rifing again from
the Seed every Spring , unlejs it be weeded out of the
Garden, from this Root rifes up Branches , which
if they meet not with upright tall Herbs , or other
things whereon it may climb , /> rifes up but a little
height , tf/zi /<fd/7.r zfow,? again to the ground but
other wife if it meets with fit things , on which it may
cling , it will wind it felf with its long, /lender , ?rz/-
di/h , thready Branches about them , /z> /o* height of
three or four feet , or more, /hooting forth its Leaves
fingly at the Joints as the others dp, either fame -
what like to an Arrach leaf or a/moft like the firfi
fmall field Bindweed, zv* ///te the leaf of Black Brio-
ny, for of thofe kinds there are , but much fmaller.
'The flowers , Gerard fays, are fmall \ like thofe of the
Arrach •, and Parkinfon fays, they are very fmall,
and many, funding together upon a fmall long Stalk ,
which comes from the Joint where the lea/ funds,
and are of a reddijh green color, but fo fmall, that
they are oftentimes not taken notice of, and they fo
quickly fade, that they are fcarcely regarded : The
flowers being gone, then comes the Seed, which is
fmall , blackijh , and three cornered, like, but left than
that of Buck Wheat.

IV. The fmalleft kind of Black Bindweed, differs
from the former only in the Magnitude , this rifing
not above a hand breadth high.

V. The Places. They grow in many places of
this Kingdom, both in Fields and Gardens, where
they grow as a Weed. The larger of them is not
only a hurtful Weed, but of an ill fmell, and too
often found amongft Corn.

VI. The Times. They flower in May, June, July
and Auguf, and the Seed ripens in the mean Sea-
fon, in a uttle time after the Flower is gone.

VII. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the
firft Degree, Difcuflive, Vulnerary, Arthritick and
Solutive.

VIII. The Preparations. You may make thereof,
I. A liquid Juice. 2. Art E fence. 7. A half am.
4. A Cataplafm. 5. A Dif ’tiled Water.

The Vert ues.

IX. Tf?e liquid Juice. It is made of the Leaves
only, and if it is taken inwardly 3 or 4 ounces at a
time, it loofens and opens the Belly very much.

X. The Effence. It has the fame Virtues to loofen
the Belly *, befides I have heard it confirmed from
Experience, that it is prevalent again!! the King’s
Evil.

XI. The half am. It is very good for healing
green Wounds, and to cleanfe Old Ulcers, and Run-
ning Sores, and to cure Kibes in Childrens heels.

XII. The Cataplafm, made of the Green Leave?.
It diffolves and difculles Tumors or Swellings, and
hard Lumps in the Flefh, as Galen fays : and if
mixed with a little Nitre, it allays Inflammations.

XIII. The Dif i lied Water. It is good again!! Pim-
ples, Scurf, Freckles, Tannings, Sun-burnings, and
other deformities of the Skin * more efpecially if a
little Vinegar, or Juice of Limons is mixed with it.

Tu/filago Marina ( from the refemblance of the
leaves ; ) And we in Qnglifh only Sea Bindweed, and

Sea Bells, or Bell-flower. I know that Mattbwlus ,
CorduS, Gefner, Canter art us, Dodonxus, and otheis,
call it Brafica MarinafivxXt is no fuch thing, tor that
is clearly another Plant.

II The Kinds. Tiiere are three Kinds thereof,
T. Sol dune l la. Sea Bindweed , properly fo called.
2. Soldanella Maritime major, the Greater Sea Bind-,
weed> V Sol done l lii Alpinai Mountain Sbldanel’uu

III. The Defer iptioh. The fir ft of thefe has a Root
fmall and long,fpreadirtg a little in the ground, and
J hooting up divers heads in feveral places and if any
part of it is broken , there comes forth from it ( as
alfo jrom the Leaves ) a whitifh water, which is bit-
ter, fait, and unp leaf ant. from this Root rifes many
weak, fender, brownijh green branches, trailing or
lying upon the ground, rather than raffing it Jelf up,
or climbing upon other things. Upon thefe Stalks
are fet divers Leaves, not always two together at a
Joint, nor yet always Jingle , . one at a Joint, which
are always round like the Leaves of Afarabacca, but
a little unevenly dented about the edges, and thicker,
every One /landing on a long footfialk, and of a gray-
i/h green color : among which cotne forth the flowers
towards the ends, each flower by it felf, fpringing
forth at the Joints, much like in Jhape or J or m to the
Common Small Bindweed, which grows upon the
ground by way fide s dlmof every where •, but they
are a little larger * and of a reddijh purple color i
Thefe being paf away, there comes round heads, con-
taining within them 2 or 7 round black Seeds .

IV. The greater Sea Bindweed, has a Root a little
creeping in the Earth, Jrom whence /hoots up feveral
long /lender Branches, on Which are fet larger Leave t
than on the former, many of them having a divffwn
on both fides the Leaf nest to the bottom, and many
of them but on one fide, and feveral of them which
are fmaller, having none at all •, yet all 0/ t hem for
the moji part a little finuated on the edges toward 4
the ends, which are round, or with a dent in ihp
middle , making the point Jeem double forked, with
many Veins running therein. The flowers are of s
red purple color . and are not Bell or Cup Jajhion like

* O iff

CHAP. LXXI.

BINDWEED Sea.

L HP H E Names. I cannot find that the Greeks
X knew any thing of it : The Latins call it
Soldanella ^ and Saldana* Convolvulus Marinus . and

98 Salmon’ j- Herbal. Lib. L

the former, but confift of Jive fomewhat large and
long Leaves. The Heads and Seeds are like the
other , and Spring up by being fcattered after Seed
time.

X. The Preparations. 1. The Decotfion. 2. The
Juice. 3. The Infpiffate Juice. 4. The E/fence.
V The Fonder. 6. The Cataplafm. 7. The half am
of the Mountain Soldanella.

! 'Bind Weed

V. Soldanella Alpina major, The greater Moun-
tain Soldanella f for there is a leffer , of which we
Jhall take no notice here ) ha* a long round Head or
Root footing forth many Fibres , or (mail Strings.
From whence rifes many hard round Leaves , fund-
ing upon long Foot-falks , fomething unevenly cut
about the edges •, green on the upper fide, and of a
grayifh green underneath, and a little reddijh like
the leaves of Sowbread, and much refembling the Sea
Soldanella ( this Mountain Soldanella being Jo cal-
led from the likenefs of the Leaves to the former : )
The Stalks are fender, /mail, round, and reddifh ,
about a /pan high , having upon them four or five
Flowers at Top, every one hanging down their heads
like unto a Bell-flower, confif ing but of one leaf,
plaited into five folds, each of them ending in a long
point, which makes the Flower feem to have five
leaves, having a round green head in the middle,
with a prick or point at the end thereof. The Flower
is of a fair blew color, fome deeper, fome paler, and
fome almoft white, as nature pleafes, but without any
fmell at all. The middle head, after the flower is
fallen, grows to be a long, round Pod, bearing the
point el it had at the end thereof, in which is contain-
ed fmall greemjh Seed.

VI. The Places. The two firft Kinds grow on our
own Sea Coaft in great plenty, in many places, as
near Lee in Effex, at Merfey in EjJex, and in moft
places in the tiles of Thane t or Shepey, as alfo along
the Northern Coaft : The laft grows on the Alps,
and Mountains of Germany : It alio grows on the
Mountains of Wales, not far from Cowmens Meer in
North l Giles. .

VII. The Times. The two former flower, Gerard
favs, in June, but Parkinfon, about the end of Sum-
mer, and their Seed is ripe in AugujL The third
flowers on the Alps, &c. not till July or Augufi, as
the Snow melts iooner or later ; but in Gardens it
flowers in April.

VIII. The 'finalities. Soldanella is hot and dry in
the i'econd Degree, Aftringent, Hepatick, Cathartick
and Emetick ; but is faid to be a great Enemy to the
Stomach.

IX. ' The Specification. It is faid to be a peculiar
■thing for curing the Dropfie.

The Virtues.

XI. T he Decol/ion. It ought to be made in Fat
Mutton 01 Beef Broth, ( becaufe ofits ftrength, and
aptnefs to trouble the Stomach ) opens the Belly
powerfully, and purges violently in Dropfies, and
Tinrpanies, and therefore is not to be given, but to
fuch as are of a ftrong Conftitution ; it opens Ob-
ftruQions of the Liver, and ftrengthens the fame.

XII. T he liquid Juice. It is both Emetick and
Cathartick, and makes Sick ; hut in fuch Bodies as
can bear its violence, it effe&ually carries off Wa-
tty Humors. An ounce mixt with a good Glafs of
White Wine will purge fome People very well
others may take two ounces or more ; whereas half
an ounce will powerfully purge others.

XIII. The Infpiffate Juice. This is not to be
prefs’d out, but fullered to iffue out of its own Ac-
cord when the Herb or Stalk is broken - this being
dried, and afterwards foftned with the E {fence,
or Wine, or other like Liquid, fo as to be ufed
Plafter-wife, being applied to the bottom of the
Belly, admirably draws forth the Watry Humor in
Dropfies.

XIV. The E fence. It has the Virtues of the li-
quid Juice, but more correft and free from Crudi-
ties, and therefore more gentle iu its Operation c
Being given in Wine from half an ounce, to am
ounce, it kills Worms both in Children, and Elder
People.

XV. The Bonder. It is made of the Leaves dried,
and ought to be correUed with Annifeeds, Carra-
ways, Cinnamon, Cubebs, Ginger, Zedoary and Su-
gar : So prepared and given, it kills Worms in Chil-
dren, and purges the Belly : The Ample pouder is
good alfo to cleanfe Sores and Ulcers, to incarnate
or breed Flefh in deep and hollow Ulcers, and alfo
to heal them.

XVI. The Cataplafm. Made of the Green Leaves,
and applied to the Belly, it is faid to purge the
Bowels by Stool, and drive forth the Watry Humor
which caufes the Dropfie : but it muft be often ap-
plied, and renewed with frefti Herbs j and fo it is
profitable againft the Sciatica and Gout.

XVII. The Balfam of the Mountain Soldanella.
It is an admirable Vulnerary, curing not only green
Wounds with much eafe and fpeed but it alfo
cleanfes old and rotten Ulcers, and putrid Sores,
deftroying the Putridity. It wonderfully incarnates
or breeds Fle(h in Wounds, and heals them.

XVIII. Gerard fays, That the German Phyficians
do much boaft of the Wonders they have done with
Soldanella Montana : That the Leaves applied as a
Cataplafm to the Navel, and fomewhat lower, draws
forth Water from the Bellies of fuch as are Hydro-
pick : and this effeU (fays he) it works in othg:
parts without heating.

CHAP. LXXIf.
BIRDS-E Y E.

I. h p HE Names. I find no Greek Name that this
1 Plant has : but it is called in Latin, Para-
lytica Alpina, Primula veris minor -, by fome Som-
alia angufi folia : in Engtifh, Birds-Eye , and Birds-
cine, and Birds-eyne.

tL The

EngUJ!) Herbs

99

II. The Kinds. This Plant doubtlefs belongs to the
tribe ol the Cowjlips , of which it is a Ipecial Kind,
as being a !e fferfort. There are alfo two Species
of Birds-Eye , viz. i. Paralyfis mmorflore rubro, the
leffer Cowjlips which is alfo the WziBirds-Eye with
Red Flowers.. 2. Paralyfis minor flore albo, the lef-
Jer Cow/lip, which is the greater Birds-Eye with
White Flowers.

III. The Defcription. Red Birds-Eye, which is
the f mailer Plants has Roots fmall white and threa-
dy, from which arifes up a head of Leaves fo clofed
together , that it feems a fmall white head : this af-
terwards opening it felf fpreads round upon the
ground , and has fmall long and narrow Leaves, f nipt
about the edges, of a pale green colour, on the upper
ftde, but very white or mealy underneath : among
thefe Leaves rife up one or two Stalks, fmall and
hoary, half a foot high, bearing at top a bufh or tuft
of much f mailer flowers, Banding upon fhort Foot-
ftalks,fomething like to Cowflips, but more like un-
to Bears-Ears, of a fine reddi fk purple colour, in fome
deeper, in others paler, with a yellowifh Circle in
the bottoms of the Flowers, like unto many of the
Bears-Ears, of a faint, but little fcent •, after which
comes a Seed, f mailer than that of Cowflips.

IV. White Birds-Eye, which is the greater of the
two, differs little from the former, fave that it is a
little larger both in its Leaf and Flower, and that
the Flowers hereof are wholly white, without any
great appearance of a Circle in the bottom of them,
unlefs it is well obfei'ved, at leaf it is not fo con-
fpicuous as the former : both thefe Kinds of Cow-
flips have fometimes, though but feldom, from the
midjl of the Flower on the Stalk, fent forth another
fmall Stalk, bearing Flowers thereon likewife.

V. The Places. They have been found growing
wild in Clofes and Pafture Grounds in many places
of England, from whence they have been transplan-
ted into Gardens for the pleafantnefs of their
Flowers.

VI. The Times. The Red Birds-Eye, for all the
care and induftry we can ufe to keep it, will fcarce-

ly endure in our Gardens, but all the Winter long*
till the Spring begins, its Leaves are fo clofed to-
gether, that it feems a white head of Leaves. They
both flower in the Spring of the Year, fome earlier,
and fome later, according to the mildnels of the
Seafon.

VII. The ^dualities. Specification, Preparations and
Virtues are the fame with thofe of Cowflips, and
therefore referring you thither, we fhall fa y no more
concerning the lame in this place.

CHAP. LXXIII.
BIRD S-NES T.

TH E Names. It is called in Greek by Dodo-
neus, N.St7;« : and in Latin, Neottia , Niitts
Avis : by Gefner , it is called, Orobanche : by Lobe/,
Satyrtum ciborttvum, and Orchis abortive : but we in
Englifh call it Birds-Neft, or Goofe-NeJ ?, from the
Platting of the Roots, like the lticks and ftraws of
a Crozes or Birds-Neft.

II. The Kinds. Authors make two forts thereof,
the one not much differing from another, fave in
the color : the tirft and longeft known is of ttyel-
lowijh colour : the other of a pitrplifh Violet , and is
called by Clufius , Limodoron, and Vfeudolimoio-
ron.

IV. The Defcription. Yellow Birds-Neft hat a
great number of Libre s or thready Roots crofting one'
over another , and as it were platted, or intricately
entangled together like a Crows Neft : from which
rifes up a thick , foft, grofs, brown Stalk, fet with
fmall fhort Leaves, of the color of a dry Oaken leaf,
which hat laid under the Tree all Winter. Parkin-
fon fays, the Stalks are upright, weak, and fappy,
and that the Leaves are only a Jhew, being rather
O 2 very

IOO

ftji

Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. 1.

very Jbort thin skins than leaves , of a brownifh dead
yellow color. The blowers atjfo are of a dead yellow-
ifh color. , and Jland upon a f piked head , like unto that
of the Orchis, and of the Janie fafhion -, after which
follows Husks of duf\y Seed.

IV. The Purple Birds-Neft has a Root exattly like
the former , from whence rife up a Stalk or Stalks
about eight or nine inches high , the lower part of
which within t be ground is not round like the for-
me r, but fender , and of a yellowifh white color : the
Stalks are fet with a few finally narrow, fhort, skin-
ny , j (harp pointed Leaves , Jet without any order , very
little , or aimojl nothing at all wrapping or enclojing
the Stalk , which has a fpike of blowers very like
the former, without Tails or Leaves growing among f
them. The whole Riant, as it appears above ground.
Stalks, Leaves and blowers, is of a Violet, or deep
Purple color : after the blowers are fallen, there fle-
eced Veffcls full of ' f mall Seed, like the former.

V. The Places. They are both found in many
laces of England, in Woods, and low Copfes :
ut they are not fo much found in the Southern

Parts of the Kingdom, as in the Northern : It is
laid, that they grow near to a Village called Knaes-
b hough in Torkfkire. Gerard found it growing in
the middle of a Wood in Kent, two Miles from
GravcJ'cnd, near to the then Mr. William Swans
houfe of Howch-Grecn the Wood then belonging
to one Mr.' John Sidlcy -, the ground in the fame
place ( fays he ) is covered all over with the Herb
S ankle, and with that kind of Orchis, called Hcr-
maphroditica , or Butterfly Satyrion.

VI. The Limes. It fiourilhes and flowers in June,
July and Augufl -, and its Seed ( if it may be called
Seed) which is mealy or dully, falls in the end of
Augufl : But Gera/d will not allow it to beany Seed
at all.

VII. The Virtues. No Authors that have ever
wrote of it, have aligned it any Virtues : however
it is certain, that it is of the Nature of the Orchis ,
and poflibly may have their Qualities, Properties,
and Effetfs, being in like manner applied.

CHAP. LXXIV.

BISHOPS-WEED Common.

I.Mp H E Names. It is called in Greek VA and

X -,A upuv, ( from the fmallnefs of the Seed
which refembles Sand : ) In Latin, Ammi, and Ame os
( the Genitive Cafe: ) Some call it Cuminum JEthi-
opicum ( from the likenefs to that of Cumin,) alfo
Cuminum Regium , Royal Cumin ( from its excellent
properties : ) In Arabtck it is called Hanochach, Ana-
zave, Nacachau, Nacachaver. And in Enghfh it is
called, Bijhops-Weed, Herb-William , and by fome,
Bullwort.

II. The Kinds. They are of two principal Kinds,
j. Domcfick, called in Latin, Ammi Vu/gare, and
Vulgatius, : It is called by Tabermontanus, Am-
mio felinum, which is our Eng/iJh Bifhops-Weed.
i. boreign, and is twofold, i. Ammi Creticum, as
Camerarius calls it, Ammi Creticum Aromaticum, as
Label calls it, Bifoops-weed of Candy. 2. Ammi par-
vum Joins ja'/iicuh, Ammi alter urn parvum, by Do-
don xus ■, Ammi verum by Gefner, (but Parkinjbn
lays, the true Ammi of Diofcorides is not known )
’Tis true, Diofcorides does not deferibe it ^ but from
fome remarks taken from him, from Pliny, and from
Galen, it is almolt plainly deciphered, elpecially the
Seed, as being much finaller and whiter than Cumin
Seed, and fmelling like Origanum : Now none of

the Seeds which the Apothecaries ufe, or have been
fhew’d for Ammi, can be compared with Cumin, nor
have they the fmell ol Origanum : in Englifh, Small
Bifkops-wecd : Of thefe two laft we fhall treat in
the next Chapter.

III. The Defcription. Our Common Bifhops-
weed has a Root While and Fibrous, perifhing every
Tear, after it has Seeded, and commonly rifing again
of its own f owing : From this Root rijes up a round
freight Stalky fome times as tall as a Alan , but com-
monly 3 or 4 feet high, fet with feveral fmall, long,
and fomexobat broad Leaves, cut in, in fome places,
and fnipt or dented about the edges, growing on both
fides of a long bootfalk one againf another, of a dark
green color, Jbmewhat like unto Skirrct Leaves , ha-
ving feveral Branches on them ■, and at the tops
fmall Vmbles of white Flowers, which turn into
fmall, round, and brown Seed, little bigger than
Parfey Seed, and not fo large ns Annife Seed, of a
brisk quick fmell, and hot tajle.

IV. The Places. It is found growing Wild in ma-
ny places of England and Wales -, by a hedge fide
next field beyond Green Hithe, on the way as you
go to Gravefend -, and with ua it is alfo nourifhed
up in Gardens.

V. The Times. It flowers in June and July, and
the Seed is ripe towards the latter end of Augufl.

VI. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the third
Degree, the Seed more elpecially. It is attenuating,
Dilcuflive, Diuretick, Nephritick, Hyfterick, and
Arthritick ; Alterative, and Alexipharmick. It is
bitter in tafte, of thin parts, and fharp withal.

VII. The Specif cation. It is approved againft the
Cholick, and mightily provokes Luff • which I be-
lieve is from its Spermatogenetick faculty.

VIII. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, 1. A liquid Juice. 2. An EJjencc. 3. A D/-
Jl tiled Water. 4. A Ponder from the Seed. 5. A
Spirituous Tintture of the fame. 6. An Oily Tin -
ttiire. 7. A Saline Tinthire. 8. A Spirit. 9. A
Chymical Oil of the Seed. 10. A Fixed Salt. 1 1. Po-
tejlates or Powers. 12. A Balfam. 13. A Cata-
plafm of the green Herb.

The

Chap. 75. TLngUjh Herbs

101

The Virtues.

IX. The liquid Juice. It is very thin and fubtil,
digefts Humors, expels Wind, and gives eafe in the
Gripings of the Guts. Dofe from iv. to viij. fpoon-
fuls in a glais of Canary, Sherry, or other generous
Wine, two or three times a day."

X. T he EJfence. It has the Virtues of the Juice,
but more powerful to the purpofes intended, it pro-
vokes Urine, and the Courles in Women when Ilopt,
helps the Cholick, and is very powerful againft: the
biting of Mad Dogs, Serpents, as the Viper, Rat-
tle-fnake, Slow-worm, or the biting or flinging of
any other Venemous Creature whatfoever, being gi-
ven Morning, Noon and Night, from iij. ounces to
vi. in a glafs of any generous Wine.

XI. The Difti/led Water. It is ftomatick, and has
the Virtues of the Eflence, but very much Weaker,
and rherefbre may ferve as a Vehicle, to convey any
Medicine in, good againft thofe kinds of Difeafes.

XII. The Pouder ef the Seed. It expels Wind,
comforts the Stomach, and other Vifcera , gives eafe
in the Cholick, and has been found, by experience,
to be profitable againft the Stone, Sand, Gravel, or
any Tartarous or Slimy Matter in the Reins, Ure-
ters and Bladder. It may be given ( mixed with
Sugar ) in a glais of White or Rhenilh Wine.

XIII. The Spiritous Tinfture from the Seed. It is
Cordial and Stomatick, good againft Vapors, Wind,
fainting and Swooning bits, Cardialgia , Palpitation
of the Heart, Poyfon of Vipers, Rattle-fnakes,Mad-
Dogs, and the biting or Hinging of any other ve-
nomous Creature. Dole from one Dram to two
in a glafs of excellent Wine.

XI V. The Oily TinQure. It is good againft Pal-
lies, Convulfions, Rheumatifms, Pains, Aches, Weak-
nelfes, and PunQures of the Nerves in any part of
the Body : It eafes the pain of the Gout, proceed-
ing from a cold caufe, Mens, difcuffes, and wafts
cold Tumors, and is of admirable ufe, - being taken
inwardly, for the molt inveterate Pains of the Back
or any ObftruQion of the Reins, Ureters or Blad-
der. Dofe from half a dram to one or two drams
Morning and Evening in a glafs of White Wine.

XV. The Saline TinQure. This may be made ei-
ther of the Seed, or of the whole green Plant. It
is good to take away Black and Blew Marks, Spots,
Tanning, Sun-burning, and other deformities of the
Skin,it being often wafhed therewith, it alfo is laid to
abate an high color, and a Spong being dipt therein
and applied upon the biting of any Venemous Bead’
efpecially that of a Mad Dog, it effecfuallv attracts’
and draws out the Poyfon : It alfo difcufles the af-
flux of humors in Contufions ; and being drank
to one dram in White Wine, it is prevalent againft
Fits of the Mother in Women, and is good againlt
the evil EffeQs of Cantharides , if timely taken in
fome proper Emulfion.

XVI. The Spirit. It is an excellent Cordial, good
againft Fainting and Swooning Fits, eafes the Paf-
lions of the Heart, cheers the Spirits, comforts Na-
ture, provokes Lull, ftrengthens the Womb, and all
the Inllruments of Generation in both Sexes ; and
has indeed all the Virtues of the Spiritous TinQure,
but not altogether fo powerful. Dofe from two’
drams to four, alone by it felft if dulcified, other-
wife to be taken in a fmall glais of Wine.

XVII. The Chymical Oil q) the Seed. It is faid to
correQ the Virulency of Cantharides, that it they be
digefted in it for fome time, they may be given in-
wardly without any danger ; this may be true, but
the true Corrective ot Spanijh thi s is Spirit of Avf/v,
as we Ihew in its_proper place. This Chymical Oil
is an admirable Carminative, and gives prelent eafe

n the Cholick by giving it inwardly by the Mouth,
It the Difeafe lies in the Stomach, 1 \todemm and
upper Bowels; or giving it Clyfter-wife, if it lies
in the Colon, or ocher lower parts. It alfo provokes
urine, and the Terms, is good againft Poyfon, and
tne bitings or longings of Venomous Creatures, ft
opens ObftruQious of the Spleen, and lias been,
cii verZ, hclP.ful aSa'nft Hypochondriack Melan-
cholly. Dofe from fix drops to twenty in a glafs
of Wme, or Wine and Water ; drop the Oil into
Sugar, and mix them well together, then mix it
with the Wine, and fo drink it up.

XVIII. The Fixed Salt of the whole Plant. It is i
powerful Diuretick, and being taken in all the Li-
quor the Patient drinks, as Ale, Beer, Wine, it has
been found profitable againft the Dropfie and Jaun-
dice : It alfo cleanfes the Womb, Reins and Blad-
der, of any Tartarous Matter obftruQing them. I
once knew a Gouty Perfon, by the conftant ufe of
this Salt, and drinking Milk and Water, to become
perfeQly freed from his Gout, and had not fo much
as one Fit of it in above 18 Years time, which was
confefs’d to me at the writing hereof Dofe from
xv. grains to xxx. in Water, or Whey, or Milk and
Water, if for the Gout ; but in Ale, Beer, Cider
Mead, or Wine, if againft the Dropfie, or other
Difeafes.

XIX. Vote Oates or Powers. They have all the
Virtues of the Eflence, Spirit, Spirituous TinQure,
Chymical Oil and Sair, and may be given from one
dram to two, Morning, Noon, and Nighr, in Wine,
Mead, Hypocras or any other fit Vehicle.

XX. The Batfam. If it is made of the Chymical
Oil, with Turpentine and Wax, it is of excellent
ufe in all Wounds and PuliQures of the Nerves;
and applied, gives eafe in the Gout, proceeding from
a cold Caufe, as alfo in the Sciatica, and other Pains
and Aches of the Nerves and Joints. If it is made
of the green Herb, it is good againft Pains and
Aches alfo, but is a peculiar Vulnerary, for healing
wounds made in Scorbutfck, Cold, Moift, and ill
habited Bodies, and in depending places, becaufe
befides its admirable healing property, it dries
powerfully, and' ftrengthens the part affeQed.

XXI. The Cataphfm. It is excellent to be ap-
plied to Contufions, ior it prevents the further af-
flux of Humors, and difcufles thofe which are pre-
fent, diflblves and Ratters. congealed Blood, and
this more efpecially if it -is mixed with Honey : it
alfo takes away Black and Blew marks, which come
'by blows or falls, or orhendifcolorings of the Skin.

XXU. The Seed. It is one of the fourlefler hot
Seeds, always commended as a Carminative : and
it is faid the Egyptians make ufe gf the Seed, to pro-
voke Lull or Venery, tor which it is very power-
ful.

CHAP. LXXV.
BISHOP S-W EED Forein.

I- ' I ' H E PSames. It is cllled in Greek alfo
» which is the Name given, by Diofcorides ■:
and in Latin Ammi , Curnimm Regitim and JEtbio-
pieum ; and mBnghJh, Foret n of Outlandijh Bijhops-
teeed.

II. The Kinds. It is twofold, I. Cretick , or that
oF Candy, called Amah Cretiaon. and by Lobel, Am-
nn Crcticitm AromatiCum , Bijhops-vseed of Candy,
2. j ^Egyptian , called by Gefnei\ Ammi verum : by
Doda/neas^ Ammi alteram parvum : Ammi pvrpnfiP

lum >

io2 Salmon V Herbal. Lib. I.

I urn, by Lobe l and Gerard : Ammi it m primum AIcx-
andrinum , by T abe'rmont antes : Ammi parvum folii
jirniculi, by C. Bauhin and Parkinfon : and Ammi
tenuijfimo & Odoratijfimo , by J. Bauhin : Alexan-
drian Bijhops-weed.

f ame what like unto thoje of Wild Carrots, or Daucus
Creticus, f/nelling join c thing quick, and of an excel-
lent Aromat ick or Spicy flavor, not much unlike Ori-
ganum •, from which rife up flender Stalks, with
feme Joints, with like Leaves as the former fet
thereon, and at the Tops, Umbles of white blowers,
in Tufts or Roundles like Canon, 'which turn into
[mall Seed like Smallage, of a fweet fharp J cent , and
quick hot tajle.

IV. The Alexandrian Bifhops-weed has a fmall
white Root , penfhmg after Seed-time ■ ; from which
fmall Root rife two or three /lender Stalks, about a
Loot, or Loot and half high, arched towards the tops,
and fet with fevcral very line fmall Leaves, like un-
to Till, and finer than Lennel -, at the Extremities
whereof grow fmall Umbles of white blowers, after
which come very fmall b/ackijh Seed, much like to
Tarfley Seed , p/eafant in Jmell, and fharp or quick
in tafie.

^ V. The? laces. The firfl of thefe came to us from
Candy -, as alfo from Syria to Venice, and from thence
t o France, the Low Countries and England • which
Seed has been often Town, but without effed ^ The
fecond grows in Arabia, and at Alexandria in
Egypt -, from whence it has been brought to us.

VI. The Times. They do all Flower and Seed
reafonably well with us ( fays Parkinfon ) if the
Year proves kindly, otherwife not : if they flower,
it is in June and July, and the Seed is ripe in Au-

VII. The Vitalities, Specification, Preparations,
Virtues and Ujes are the fame with that in the for-
mer Chapter in all refpeds j fo that no more need
be laid of them in this place. Note, It is fuppofed.
That the true Ammi is wholly loft to us j but Par-
kinfon is of Opinion, that Cuminum Sylvefirum may
be the true Ammi of Diof cor ides.

HI. The Defcription. Bilhops-weed of Candy hm
a Root like unto the Garden Carrot, and of ayellowijh
color, and brown on the outfide, as Parkinl'on fays,
with Jam e bibres or Strings thereon : Lrom this Root
cones forth fever al flender Stalks of fine cut Leaves,

CHAP. LXXVI.
BISTORT Englijb.

I. r~jrK HE Names. This is a Plant that I cannot
jL perceive the Greeks knew any thing of, no
Greek name being yet afligned it : it is called in
Latin, Biflorta, ( by molt Authors) a convolutis Lf
intort is radicibus ( lays Raya ) by Tragus, Lonicerus
and others, Colubrina, and the* Root Radix Coiit-
brina • Lracaftorius , Bulapathum, as well as Biflorta:
and we in Englijb call it Bflort and Snake-weed.
Some will have it to be Behen Rubrum ■, others
Molybdcena Flint j •, others again Dracunculus P/inij :
Some again, as Gcfner, Limonium : Label and Clu-
fius lay, that it is the Britt anica of Diofcorides and
Pliny -, but in all (hele they are miftaken, as thole
who pleale to Examine thole feveral Plants in their
proper Chapters, and compare them with the De-
fer ip cions here, may eafily perceive.

II. The Kinds. What we (hall difeourfe of here,
are principally two, i. Biflorta major, as Gerard ,
and the Bauhins call it : major vulgaris , as Parkin-
fon'-. Rad ice minus intorta, as the Bauhins • major
rugofioribus joins, as J. Bauhin : and we, The
greater Biflort, or Snake-root. 2. Biflorta minor,
as Gerard ■, minor noflras, as Parkinjon •, Colubrina
minor, as Tragus -, Alpina media, as C. Bauhin i
and we, The leffer Bflort, or Snake-weed : But be-*
fides thefe. Authors make mention of four Kinds
more, as, 3. Bflort a La t folia. Broad leav'd Bflort.
4. Bflort a Alpina major, and Alpina maxima. The
Greater or Great eji Mountain Bflort. 5. Bflort a

Alpina

Chap. 7 <5. Unglifi Herbs.

Alpina media, XS> Alpina minor , The lefjer Alpine
Bijiort. 6. Bijiort a Alpina pumilafoliis variis. Low
Variable leav’d Bijiort of all which we (hall fay
uothing in this Work.

JOi

but that it is crumpled , of a blewifh green color on
the upper Jide , and of an AJh colored grey , and a lit-
tle pttrplijh underneath , having fever al veins run-
ning therein : from among which , rife feveral J. mall
and (lender Stalks about half a lard high , almofl
naked , and without Leaves , or with very few nar-
row ones , bearing a J'piky bufh of pale , frejh colored
h lowers •, which being pafl, there is found a fmalf,
brown , cornered Seed , not much unlike to Sorrel
Seed , but greater.

Smaff fef start orjy/ate.iTmed

Til. The Defcription. The Greater Common Bi-
has a thick , fhort , Tuberous or knobbed Root ,
blackijh without , and fomething reddijh within , a /«-
t/e crooked- op writhed together , and of an harfh or
flnngent Tafle , with divers blackijh fibres or
Threads growing thereat : from whence Jpring up
every Tear , feveral Leaves ft ending upon long foot-
flalks. , tah/zg Jomewhat long and broad , not much un-
like to a Dock Leaf and a little pointed at the ends ,

IV. The Lefler Biftort a Tuberous

I Row, /«<k// ;/z proportion , but fomething crooked or

turned like the former being of a blackijh color with-
out, and fcmewbdt whitijh within, of the fame au-
Jtffe, ft binding tafle, with the former :

This Root fends forth ; or 4 f mall narrow' Leaves
Scarcely an Inch broad, and near four Inches long,
green above, and grey underneath : The Stalks are
fender, and with but one or two Leaves fet thereon ■
at the tops whereof flahd long , round, fpiky heads of
white flowers, with feveral f mall green Leaves a-
mong them ; after which comes a reddijh Seed a/moli
round, which being dry , becomes blackijh, and is big ■
ger than that of the former, about the bignefs (fays
Gerard ) of a Tare.

V. The Places. The firft grows at the Foot of
Hills, and in (hadowy rnoift Woods near to them, in
many places of Germany ■, and in England in like
places, but is chiefly with us nourilhed up in Gar-
dens. The other grows in the North of England
as in Lancajhire , Torkjhire , and Cumberland, in feve-
ral places ; alfo ill Wefimorland, at Crosby, Ravenf-
waith, at the head of a Park formerly belonging to
one Mr. Pickering, from whence it has been brought,
and difperfed into Gardens. The firfl is alfo laid
to grow in a Meadow, about a Stones calf above the
Ably Mill at St. Albans, about an Acres breadth or
more from the River fide, where it is faid to grow
in great plenty.

VI. The Times. They both flower about the end
of May, and the Seed is ripe about the beginning of
July.

VII. The Qualities. They are cold and dry in the
third Degree * Aftringent, Sryptick, and Vulnerary ■,
Cordial, Hyfterick. Alterative, and Alexipharmick. ‘

VIII. Tie

104 Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. I

VIII. The Specification. It is famous for the refill
ing and expelling Poyfon, as alfo to flop the Flux
of Blood in Wounds, or any other bleeding, whe-
ther inwards or outwards.

IX. The Preparations . i . A liquid. Juice of the
whole Plant. 2. A difiilled Water of the Roots and
Leaves. 3. A Ponder of the Leaves . 4. A Pouder
of the Root. 5. A Pouder of the Root compound.
6. A DecoBion of the Root in Wine or Water. 7. A
DecoBion compound oj the Root. 8. The Diet Drink
made of the Roots , Leaves , and Seeds. 9. The Spi-
rituous TinBure. 10. Ti)e Acid TinBure. 1 \. The
Oily TinBure. 12. The Saline TinBure. 13. The
lixed Salt. 14. The Ejfence.

The Virtues.

X. The liquid Juice. Taken inwardly 3, 4, or 6
Spoonfuls at a time in a Glafs of Red Florence, or
other Styptick Wine, it prefently Hops any internal
Flux of Blood, refills the Poifon of Vipers, or any
other Serpent, and the bitings of any other
Beall whatfoever and is very powerful againfl
the Plague, and all other Malign and Peltilential
Fevers.

XI. The Difiilled Water. It is a fingular remedy
to walk any place bitten or Hung by any Poifonous
Creatures, as Spiders, Toads, Serpents, Vipers, Rat-
tlefnakes, or the like, and has the Virtues of the
Juice, but not with equal power or force. It is good
alfo to wafli Sores or Cankers which happen in the
Nofe, or any other part •, more efpecially if the
pouder of the Root be applied thereto afterwards.

XII. The Pouder of the Leaves. Taken to a dram,
it is good to kill Worms in Children : prevails
againll a Diabetes , and helps fuch as cannot keep
their Water, but are apt to pifs a Bed, and this
more efpecially if given with Juice of Plantane.

XIII. The Pouder of the Root. Being given to a
dram, more or lefs, in Wine, or other fit Vehicle,
it prevails againll the Malignity of the Purples,
Meafles, and Small Pox, and expels the Poifon of
the Plague or Pellilence, or of any other infetticus
Difeale, driving it forth by Sweating. It Hops alfo
all manner of inward Bleeding, as Dyfentery, Spit-
ting, Vomiting, or pitting Blood, and is profitable
againll Ruptures in Children, or Elder Perfons ^ it
is good alfo for any Contufion, or Bruife cauled by
Blows or Falls, diflblving the congealed Blood, dif-
cufling the aggregated Humors,' and eafing the Pain.
Given to one dram in the Difiilled Water, in which
lome red hot Iron has been quenched, it is faid to
help or cure a Gonorrhea, or Running of the Reins,
Univerlals being firll premifed. And being llrewed
upon any Cut, or Wound of a Vein ,0V. where there
is a great Flux of Blood, it prefently flops it.

XIV. The Pouder of the Root compound. It is
made of equal quantities of Bifiort Root , Root of
Pellitory of Spain, and of Burnt Allum. This Pou-
der being made into a Palle with a little Honey, and
lome of it put into an hollow Tooth, or held be-
tween the Teeth, if there is no hollownels in them,
eafes their Pain, and Hops the defluxion |of Rheum
upon the Part, cleanfes the Head and Brain, and
caufes an evacuation of abundance of Rheumatick
Matter.

XV. The DecoBion of the Root. If it is made
with Water, with the addition of fome Pomegra-
nate Peels and Flowers, it makes a moll admirable
Injeftion for the Womb, cleanfes it of any filth
lodged there. Hops the overflowing of the Terms in
Women, and cures a long continued Flux of the
Whites, drys up Ulcers in that part, and flrengthens
the Ligaments of the Womb, being relaxed, where-
by the Womb Items to prefs or fall down. If the

DecoUion is made with Wine, it Hops all man-
ner of Inward Bleeding, as Spitting of Blood,
Vomiting Blood, and all Fluxes of the Bowels,
whether in' Man or Woman, is' available againll
Ruptures in Old or Young, dilfolves congealed
Blood, and difculfes Contufions to admiration. It
is faid to cure the Jaundice, and being inwardly gi-
ven, and outwardly applied, it is eminently good
againll the biting of Vipers, or any other poifonous
Serpent, and the bitings and Hinging of any Ve-
nomous Creature whatfoever. Given to Women
with Child, it prevents Abortion, or Mifcarriage,
and helps fuch as cannot hold their Water 3 and
ufed as a Gargarifm in the Mouth, it allays Inflam-
mations, heals Ulcers, and fallens loofe Teeth.

XVI. The DecoBion of the Root compound. 9? Bi-
fiort Roots fix ounces : Angelica Roots , Zedoary , of
each four ounces : Virginea Snake-root three ounces -
Clove-bark an ounce and half : Winters Cinnamon
one ounce : all being bruifed, infufe in Red Port
Wine , or Canary , five quarts , for fix hours : Then
giving it two or three boils, take it from the Lire, anti
Jrain out the Wine from the Ingredients which let
fettle : then decant the Clear from the Pieces, and
fweeten it with Syrup of Lintons , or Syrup of Vine-
gar. It is a noble Medicament againfl the Mealies,
Small Pox, Purples, Calenture, Spotted Fever, and.
even the Plague it felf, being given either preven-
tionally, as two or three Spoonfuls of it Morning,
Noon, and Night : or Curatively, in which four or
fix ounces of it may be given to fweet upon, and to
be repeated as needrequires.lt is an excellent thing
againfl the biting of Mad Dogs, Vipers, Rattle-
Snakes, or the bitings or Ringings of any other Ve-
nomous Creatures. It alfo prevails againR any Ve-
getable Poifon, which is taken inwardly, if timely
given.

XVII. The Diet Drink. It is made of the Roots,
Leaves, and Seeds, boiled in half Wine, half Water.
It is an excellent Traumatick, cures all curable In-
ward Wounds, and Ulcers, and Fluxes of Blood, of
what kind foever, and alfo being regularly drank,
contributes very much to the cure of Wounds, and
old Ulcers in the External parts.

XVIII. The Spirituous TinBure. It defends the
Heart againfl Poifon, whether Inward or Outward,
whether a Vegetable or Animal Poifon, or the Ma-
lignity of the Plague, or of any other infe&ious
Difeafe. Dofe, one or two drams at a time, two or
three times a day, in a glafs of Wine, or other Ve-
hicle.

XIX. The Acid TinBure. This is more peculiar
againfl the Plague, and other Malign Fevers, and
infeUious Diltempers than the former. It al-
lays the Inflammation of the Jaws, Almonds of the
Ears, and Throat, being often taken inwardly, and
alfo ufed as a Gargle, by mixing it with the De-
coftion in Water or Wine aforegoing. It alfo heals
Cankers and Sores of the Mouth and Thjoat, if of-
ten walh’d therewith •, and being fwallowed, cuts
tough Flegm, and clears the Throat.

XX. The Oily TinBure. It is good againfl Pun-
Uures, and Wounds of the Nerves, eafes their Pain
and cures them, being bathed thereon, and applied
thereto : and reprefles the Flux of Humors attend-
ing them.

XXI. The Saline TinBure. Outwardly ufed, it
penetrates, and contributes to the curing of Rup-
tures. Old Ulcers being wafhed therewith, it clean-
fes them, and dilpofes them to healing : and Phleg-
mons or Inflammations being bathed therewith, it
abates the heat. Inwardly given, it cleanfes the
Reins, Ureters and Bladder, after the ule of. it,
for fome time ^ if there be any Ulcers in thofe parts,
they are cured by giving Inwardly the Deccflion in

Wine,

Chap. 77. ‘Englijh Herbs.

10 5

Wine, Juice, or Effence, and continuing it for fome
time. This Saline Tinflure is alfo prevalent againft
the Jaundice. Dofe from half a dram to a dram
and half, in any convenient Vehicle.

XXII. T he f ixed Suit. It is good againft Poifon,
and all malignity of the Plague, opens Obftruffions,
refills Putrefaftiori, and defends the Vitals againft
any kind of Infeftion, or the malignity of Evil Airs.
It provokes Urine, and cleanfes the Urinary Paf-
fages, carrying off the Recrements of the Humors by
thole Paffages, by which it has been found good
againft the Jaundice and Dropfie. Dole from ten
grains to a fcruple in Ale, Beer, Cider, Mead, or
Wine.

XXIII. T he. Effence. It refills Poifon, Plague, or
Pellilence, and all forts of malign Fevers, Hops all
Fluxes of the Belly, as Diarrhara, Dyfenteria, Lien-
teria, and the Hepatick Flux, as alio all Hemonha-
gies whatfoever, whether inward or outward, the
overflowing of the Terms in Women, and rhe pre-
ternatural flux of the Whites : but in thefe laft Ca-
fes, Univerials ought to be premifed. In a word, the
Effence has all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice, the
Fouder of the Root, and the DecoQion in Wine at
Se£l.io,i; and 15, aforegoing. But it peculiarly flops
the afflux of Humors to any part, being applied to
the fame outwardly, and alfo taken inwardly. Dofe
is from two to fix ounces in Wine, or any other
Vehicle, proper againft the Difeafe for which it is
given. Note, The Root of this Plant is that which
is chiefly ufed, as having moll Virtue in it.

CHAP. LXXVII.

BITTER-SWEET.

H E Names. It is called in Greek tkvkvttu&v,
, Glycypicron , i. e. Amaru dulcis , and

JivSeir, Strychnodendron , i. e. Solatium Arborefcens :
but no Greek Author, that I know of, has laid any
thing of it ^ but fome of the Moderns have impo-

fed thefe Greek names upon it. The Latins call
it, Solatium Lignofum , and Solanum Arborefcens , and
yet in Truth, it is not properly any Night-fhadc,
but only fo called for the conformity of its Leaves.
Alfo Amur a d it Iris, and Dulcamara: Some will have
it to be Melortum Flint) f, others Vitis Sylveflris
Theophrafii , as Camerarius in his Epitome : ( but Vi-
tis Sylvejins is truly Black Bryony , as Matthiolui
has it : ) In Englijh , it is called Bitter-fweet, of
Woody Night-Jhade , and Fellon-wort.

II. The Kinds. It is twofold, i. Pukple- flowered,
called, as aforefaid. 2. White -flowered, which Do-
don.-eus thinks to be Cyclammus altera Dicfcoridis :
Guillandinus took it to' be Salicafirum Plinij. , but
very erronioufly : Bauhinus calls it Solanum Scandens
feu Dulcamara , flore Albo , Bitter-fweet , with the
White flower.

III. The Defcription. It has a Root which fpreads
it fclf with many firings under the Earth , not grow-
ing into any great or thick Body : from whence comes
up many /lender , winding , brittle , woody Stalks, five
or fix Foot high, without any Clafpers, or Tend rills,
but folding it felj about hedges, or any other thing
which Jiands near unto it : thefe folks are covered
with a whitifh rough Bark, which being chewed in
the Mouth, tafies bitter at firfi , but fweetifh after-
wards : and m the middle they have a Pith, and J, hoot
out into many Branches on both Jides, which are
Green whilfi young : whereon grow many Leaves
without order, fomewhat like unto thoje-of Night-
Ihade, but that they are fomething broad, long , and
pointed at the ends, with two fmall Leaves, or ra-
ther pieces of Leaves at the bottom of moj} of them,
fomething like the Sage with Ears and many of
them likewife , with but one piece on one fide •, j me-
times alfo thefe pieces arc clofe to the Leaves, ma-
king them feem cm if they were jagged , or cut in on
the edges into fo many parts ^ and fometimes feparate
therefrom, making the Leaves feem winged, or com-
pofed of many Leaves, which are of a pale green co-
lor. At the tops and Jides of the Branches come
forth many blowers, ( funding in jafhion of a long
Umble ) upon Jhort Foot-fialks one above another ^
which conjifi of five narrow and long violet purple
colored Leaves, not fpread like a Star, or very fel-
dom, but moflly turning the mf elves backwards to the
Stalks again on which they /land, with a long golden
yellow Point el in the midfi, flicking forth, which af-
terwards turns into round, and fomewhat long Ber-
ries, green at firfi, and very red, fft, and full of
Juice when ripe, which are fweet at firfi tafiing,
but afterwards of an unpleafing bitter tafie • in
which Berry is contained many fiat white Seeds.

IV. Dulcamara fioie Ai’bo, Bitter-fweet, with
white flowers, differs m nothing from the f ormer, but
in the flowers, whofe outward Leaves are white, and
its Pomtel yellow.

V. The Places. The tirft grows ufually by Ditch-
lides and hedges, where it may climb up,’almoft
every where : The fecond is more rare, and feldom
to be met with, but grows by or near St. Margarets
Church near Romney Marlh.

VI. The Times. The Root is Perennial ^ and the
Branches, tho’ they are dilpoiled of their Leaves all
the Winter, yet they perilh not, but (hoot forth new
Leaves in the Spring : they Lower in July, and tiie
Berries are ripe in Augujh

V ] I. The Qualities. The Leaves and Berries are
hot and dry in the firft Degree ^ Aftringent and
Cleanfing ^ Cephalick, Hepatick, Splenetick, Hyite-
rick and Cathartick.

VIII. The Specification. It is a peculiar thing for
the Cure of Jaundice and Dropfie.

1 IX. The Preparations. You may make there-
i from, 1 . The Liquid Juice. 2. The Effence. 3. The
P Deco -

io 6 Salmon’ j* Herbal. Lib. I

Deco ft ion. a. The Spirituous Tinfture. 5. The
Acid Tinfture. 6. The Saline Tinfture. 7. The
Cataplafn.

The Virtues.

X. Tf?e Liquid Juice. Being given to two or three
ounces, ic purges well, and powerfully opens Ob-
ftruftions of the Liver and Spleen, and helps fuch
as are Allhmatick, or are troubled with difficulty of
breathing, being taken every Morning falling for
lbrae time.

XI. The Ejfence. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice aforegoing, befides which it is a powerful
Medicament againlt a Phthifick, and for the Cure
of the Yel!- >w and Black Jaundice, as alfo the Drop-
fie : It brings away the After-birth, and effe&ually
cle nfes V' omen newly brought to Bed : you may
give it from two ounces to four in a glafs of White
Port Wine every Morning falling : It is alfo good
for Inward bruifes caufed by any fall or blow, dif-
folving the congealed Blood in what part of
the Body lo ever. It purges well, and not chur-
lifhly.

XII. The Decofticn. You may make it thus :
Jk Of the young tender twigs or woody fubfance ,
and of the Leaves , lb j. bruife them well , and put
them into a Glafs Vefica , or Bolt-head ', affufe there-
on White Port Wine lb iij fs. cover it with a blind
head , and inf ufe in a Sand heat for twelve hours
and then make the heat Jo great as it may boil gently
which done , decant , and frain out for uje. It has the
V irtues of the Effence, is a Specifick for cure of the
Jaundice and Droplie, according to Tragus and Do-
donaus, is good againlt the Vertigo and Megrim,
and other Head Difeafes, cleanfes Women in Child-
bed, and reprelfes Hylterick Vapors. Dofe four
ounces every Morning : it purges the Body very
gently.

XIII. The Spirituous Tinfture. It purges not, but
very much Itrengthens the Vifcera , chietiy the Liver
and Spleen, and reprelfes Vapors afcending from the
Stomach, and other parts, to the Head and Brain,
caufing Vertigo’s, Megrims, and other Diftempers
of that Ventricle. Dofe two drams, or more, every
Morning falling, and Evening at Bed time in a Glafs
of generous Wine.

XIV. The Acid Tinfture. Let it be made with
Spirit of Wine acuated with Spirit of Salt. It
powerfully provokes Urine, cleanfes the Reins, Ure-
ters, and Bladder, and cures the Droplie to a mira-
cle ^ but it ought to be taken a confiderable time,
and always in the Decoflion of the lame Plant, or
in a Decoclion of Centory, Gentian, and Roman
Wormwood. Dofe from half an ounce to an ounce,
more or lets, fo as to give a pleafant Acidity, Morn-
ing and Evening : and it is to be put into all the
Ale, Beer, or Wine the Patient drinks.

XV; The Saline Tinfture. Bathed with, it takes
away Scurf Morphew, and fait, and lharp break-
ings out of the Skin : inwardly taken to one dram,
it provokes Urine, and cleanfes the Urinary palfa-
ges of Slimy, Vilcous, or Tartarous Matter, which
is commonly the matter that breeds the Stone and
Strangury.

XVI. The Cataplafn. It is to be made of the brui-
fed Berries, and Rolin in fine Pouder. This applied
to Felons, which commonly come on the Fingers
ends, cures them in a very Ihort tiiqe.

CHAP. LXXVIII.
BLEW- BOTTLE.

f ; I s H E Karnes. It is called in Greek, Kt
-L a for is Cyaneo , vel Cceruleo colore : In Latin ,
Cyanus : and in Englifh , Blew-bottle , or Corn-
flower.

II. Lite Kinds. It is twofold : 1. Single-flowred '
of vyhich in this Chapter. 2. Double flowred, of
which in the next. The fingle flowred is alfo
I. Cyanus magnus, vel Cyanus major vulgaris, Cya-
nus hortenfs , The greater Common Blew-bottle , oj
Garden blew-bottle. This fome call Cyanus monta -
nus j Hennolaus takes it to be the Leucoium Diof-
condis ; Cdtfalpinus to be a kind of Struthium Theo-
phrajh : babius Columna , thinks it to be Papaver
Heracleum Theophrajh • and Lobe l queftions whe-
ther it be not a Species of Chondrilla. 2. Cyanus
minor vulgaris , Cyanus fegetum , The leffer Common
Blew, or Held blew-bottle It is called by fome flos
brumenti. Corn-flower : battifecula ( as Ray has it )
and BaptiJ'ecula, or blaptifecula, from its turning
the Edges of Sickles in cutting down Corn -, Secula,
i. e. Falx, afecundo difta, being taken for a Sickle
in Ancient times.

III. The Defcription. Tl)e Greater or Garden
Blew-bottle has a Root which creeps under ground,
fpreading it felf divers ways,fo that its heads with
green Leaves will abide all the Winter , ( which in
the other forts do not fo, but perijh wholly afterSeed
time, rifing again of their own Sowing before Win-
ter J and grows Tearly into new (hoots and Springs
by which it very much increafes : from this Root ri-
f es up a creflea or rather winged Stalk, of a whitijh
green color, about two or three Feet high , on which
are fet divers Leaves, Something long and broad
without any divifon , or dent ing in about the edges ;
green on th/Tupper jide, and gr ay ifh underneath , each

of

Chap. 78. ‘Eri'glijl? Tlerls. icy

of them encompa/fing the Stalk about , at the lower
ends , which is divided at the top into a few Bran-
ches., bearing fome what large , fcaly, green heads ,
with white or Silver-like edges •, /;w;/ /bf midfl of
which comes forth a larger flower than in the fimal-
ler Kind , thinly fet , <7777/ of a deeper Violet -blew co-
lor : in which Heads , after the Flowers are pafl ,
there Is found a Down , containing fome few white
Seeds , //&r thofe of the lejfer Kind , but a little lar-
ger, and flatter.

IV. Tk letter Common, or Field Blew-bottle, or
Corn-flower, bay* Roorx Somewhat long and large ,
which perifh every Tear , but are Annually renewed
by its own J owing , fifing or ff ringing up before
Winter , abiding green all the Winter Seafon ,

until the next Spring and Summer , it Flowers ,

Sm/j, and perifhcs again. The Leaves are long and
narrower than the former, of a whitifh green color ,
c/tf 772 072 /b* Edges in fome places , but fome
more than other something like unto Scabious Zmwj.
Tfo oro 27co or /b/w Foo/ high , according to

the goodnefs and fertility of the Ground , /o/ w/'/b
fuch like Leaves , but f mailer , and little or nothing
cut in on the Edges : the tops are fpread forth into
fever al Branches , bearing many Jmall green , fcaly
Heads , out of which rife Flowers , confi fling 0} five
or fix , 07' more , long and hollow Leaves , fmall at the
bottom \ and opening wider and larger at the brims ,
notched^ dented or cut in on the Edges , andflanding
roundabout many fmall threads in the middle. The
colors of thefe blowers are manifold , and very vari-
able , for fome are wholly Blew , or IVb/'/f, or blujh,
or of a fad or light Purple , or of a light or deep Red ,
or 0/ an aver -worn Purple color , or 0//0 »//*<?// of
thefe colors , 777 >7720, /bo Ittbi/o, W /bo ro/
R/220 or Purple * or /bo edges Blew or Purple , W
/bo ro/? 0/ /bo Flower White , or Striped , Spotted , or
Zw/uotf, the one part of one color , /bo o/bor 0/ another f
and the Threads alfo in the middle varying in many
of them h for in fome the find middle Thrumb will
be of a deeper Purple than the outward Leaves' fome
will have it reddijh, deeper, or palenfJtohift ■ the

Leaves are White , or blufh. The Flowers being pajh
the heads or bottles contain a Down , in which the
Seed is wrapped , which is fmall , hard , icb/’/o and
Jhining. Note, That the Flower cf that which grows
Wild in the Fields , /x /07' the mofl part only Blew.

V. Tbo Places. The firft grows Wild in Gor-
many upon Sandy Hills, but with us it is nourifhed
up in Gardens : The other with Blew Flowers
grows Wild, in many Corn Fields throughout our
Kingdom : It is found in Fields of Wheat, Rye and
Barley •, but is alfo Sown in Gardens, which the
skilful Artift, by looking after, makes to become of
other colors, as in the Defcription thereof is decla-
red.

VI. Tbo Times. They flower from the beginning
of May , to the end of Harveft, and their Seed comes
to ripenels in the mean feafon.

VII. The Vitalities. They are temperate in refpeCb
to heat or cold, and dry in the firft Degree : But
Schroder fays, they are cold and dry in the fecond
Degree : They are Aftringent, Ophthalmick, Car-
diack, Alterative, and Alexipharmick.

VIII. The Specification. They have a peculiar fa-
culty for the ctfting of fore and bleared Eyes, and
refitting the force of Poifon.

IX. The Preparations. In the Shops are .- 1 . The

Flowers. 2. A Ponder of the dried Leaves. 3. An
E fence of the Juice with Spirit cf Wine. 4. ACol-
lyritim of the Flowers. y. A LnfAAa Water of the
Flowers. 6. A Spirituous Tintiu e of the Flowers.
7. A Cataplafm of the Flowers. 8. A Juice . 9. A

Diflilled Water of the Herb.

The Virtues.

X. The Flowers. They are cold and dry in i° :
are Sty prick, 'and good to takeaway Red .1 efs a: i
Inflammations of the Eyes, and pains thereof : they
cool in Fevers, relift Poifon, and help in Dropfies.
You may make anAdid TinCture of them with Spi-
rit of Wine, mixed with a half part of Spirit of Salt,
which in Fevers, Plague, ty c. may be given from
20 to 40 Drops, in any lit Vehicle.

XI. The Ponder of the dried Leaves. It is taken
in Tent to one dram, for the curing of inward brui-
les, and to heal a Rupture of the Veins, Oc. where-
by they void much Blood at Mouth. Give it in
Plantane, Comfrey,orHorfe-tail-water,acuated with
a little White Wine V inegar.

XII. The Effence of the Juice of the Leaves and
Flowers. It has all the former Virtues both of the
Acid TinCture and Pouder : It helps in the Droplie,
refills all manner of Venoms and PoifoRS, and is pe-
culiar againft that of the Scorpion, Phalangium, Vi-
per, Mad- Dog, and Plague, as alfo all other Pefti-
lential Fevers, and Infectious Difeafes : being dropt
into the Eyes, it takes away their heat, inflamma-
tion and pain.

XIII. The Colly rium, or Eye -Water. of the
Blew-flowers as many as you pleafe : put' them into
Rye Dough or Pafle , bake them in the Oven with
Houfhold Bread , then taking it forth, dtflil all , viz.
Flowers and Rye Pafle , in a Glafs Body , in B.M. and
keep the Water fop ufe. With this the Eyes are to
be walht three or four times a day. It is admirable
for the cure of molt Infirmities of the Eyes, efpe-
cially Heat, Inflammation, Pain, Blood-flior, Fyc. It
clears, ftrengthens and preferves the Eye-light, efpe-
cially of old People, for which realon fome are
pleafed to call it Brenk-Spettacle-Watcr : for that
thofe that ufe it, need never come to the ufe of
SpeCtacles : If the Diltemper is inveterate or ftub-
born, ufe it five or fix times a day.

XIV. The Diflilled Water of the Flowers. Aqua
forum Cyani. Blew-bottle-flower-water, ^ Flowers

P 2 of

1 08 Salmon/

°J Blew-bottles , with their Cups, iu many ax you
pleaje :• bru j'e them , and macerate them in a fujfi-
cient quantity of Snow-water , /or 24 Hours , or ro-
-ther two Days -, //;£vz Dijiill in a gentle B. M. or
Sand heat. It is faid to be a wonderful Water for
■the Eyes, and their Difeafes, as Inflammations, Sore-
nefs, Dimnefs of Sight, and the like : it has the
Virtues of the former, but not altogether fo power-
ful. Drop it into the Eyes 3, 4, 5 or 6 times a
■day.

XV. The Spirituous Tiritfurc of tlye Flowers.
Made with Common Brandy, it is a lecret for cu-
ring Sore and Running Eyes, if fome few times
dropt into them. It is Alexipharmick, and has all
the Virtues of the Effence. Dofe half a Spoonful
•in any proper Vehicle.

XVI. The Catap/afm of the Flowers. Being ap-
plied to Sore and Running Eyes, affli&ed with a
hot Rheum, it Itrengthens the* Part, cools the In-
flammation, repreffes the flux of Humors, and heals
the Eves.

■XVlI. The Liquid Juice. It is very effectual to
heal all Sores and Ulcers of the Mouth •, and put
into frefh or green Wounds, it conglutinates their
Lips, and quickly heals them : And dropt into the
Eyes, it takes away their Heat, Inflammation, and
Pain.

XVIII. The Di f illed Water of the Herb. It has
the fame properties with the Juice, and Effence, but
not altogether fo powerful.

CHAP. LXXIX.

BLEW - BOTTLE Double-flowred.

I. nr 'HE Karnes. They are called in Latin, Cya-
JL nus multiflorus : and in Englijh , Double-
flowred Blew-bottle , or Corn-flower ,

Herbal. Lib. 1.

II. The Kinds. They are of the Jefler Kind of
Blew-bottle, and are twofold, 1. CyJ/nus ctruleus
multiflorus , Double Blew-flowred Blew-bottle, or
Corn-flower. 2. Cyanus purpureus multiflorus
Double Corn-flower Purple-flowred. 3. To thefe
we add, Cyanus floridus Turcicus , Cyanus floridus
odoratus Turcicus , Cyanus Orient alts, which is alfo
Major and Minor. The Turky Blew-bottle : The
Turky Sweet-fcented Blew-bottle, and the Sultan’s
Flower, becaule the Grand Senior efpying it as he
was walking abroad, liked it, and wore it himfelf
for which reafon his Vaffals held it in great efteem :
of this there is a Greater and a Defer.

III. The Defcription. The fir ft of thefe differs
not at all from the final l Field Corn-flower in the
former Chapter , neither in the Roots , Stalks , Leaves
nor Seeds, but only in the Flowers , for that the Flow-
ers of this Riant, are of a fair Blew color , and very
double , whereas the other are fingle.

IV. The Second of thefe is alfo like unto the for-
mer in all refpetts,fiving in the color of the flower •
for whereas that is double , and oj a fair blew • the
flowers of this are alfo double , and of a bright pur-
ple color.

V. The Third is a Riant or Flower of much beau-
ty : It has a Root like the other Blew-bottles , which
perifhes every Tear -, the Leaves hereof are not much
greener , but larger, and more gajhed in on the edges ■,
the Stalks are three feet high at leaft , and lower
than in the other , befet with the like Leaves , but
fmaller , and branching into feveral parts, each of
them bearing a larger fcaly head than the former ,
arid biger in the Greater of this kind, than in the
Lefler, with Blew-bottle like flowers, but larger, and
confifiing of eight or nine hollow Leaves, with wider
open brims, and fmall, pale or almofi white threads
in the middle -, the circling Leaves are of a fine
beautiful purple color, very glorious to behold. This
Flower is of fo exceeding a Jweet feent, that it fur-
pajjes ( fays Parkinfon ) the be /? Civet that is. The
Seed is blackifh, and enclofed in a Downy fubftance
like the former.

VI. The T laces. The two firft are often found in

Corn

Chap. 80. TLftglijb Herbs.

log

Corn fields, and are alfo nourifhed up in Cardens.
The laft was brought to us from Turfy , or Ctmfi an-
ti nofle , and grows in the Gardens of fome Her-
borilts.

VII. The Ti tries. They flower for the moil part
thro’ all the Summer , and their Seed ripens in the
mean feafon.

VIII. The Qualities, Specification , P reparations.
Virtues and Ufes , are all exa&ly the fame with
thofe in the former Chapter, fo that wre fhall fay
no more thereof in this place.

CHAP. LXXX.

ELITES White.

I. nrif E Names. It is called in Greek B >Jmv ; In
JL Latin , Blitum : and in Englijh , Elites. Yet
Tark 'mfon fays, that none of the Ancients have made
any mention of them.

II. The Kinds. There are two principal Kinds,
viz. i . Blitum album , the White Blite *, and this is
both Majus and Minus , of which we treat in this
Chapter. 2. Blitum Rubrum, The Red Blite, which
is alfo Majus and Minus , ol which in the next
Chapter,

III. The Defcription. The Great White Blite
has a Root very thick , and long , and very full oj
Threads or Strings •, from whence rifes up fever at
Stalks, making a kind of bufh,till it comes to be three
or four Feet high -, the Stalks are grayifh, white, and
round : the Leaves are plain and J. moot h almofi like
to thofe of Arach, but not fo foft nor mealy : the
F lowers grovt thruft together, like thofe of Arach :
after which comes the Seed inclofed in round, flat,
husky skins.

IV. The LelTer White Blite, which is called the
Wild White Blite is very like unto the former, ex-
cept that the Roots, Stalks, Leaves, Branches , and
the whole Riant are altogether of a green color, and

every way lej's than the former, growing, upright ■,
and not creeping at all.

VI. The Times. They fiourifh and flower all the
Summer long, their Seed is ripe in Aug a ft and Sep-
tember, •, and grow very green even in the I i r, ■mis-
time.

VII. The Qualities. The Blite, fays Gale* a (lib. f.
fac. Med. Simp. ) is a Pot Herb, which ferves lor
Meat, cold and moilt ( in the lecond Degree :
Hyfterick, and Solutive. Yet Parkinjon, w ill have
them to be Cold, Dry, Aftringent or Binding.

VIII. The Specification-. They arc pe, ir
r luxes and Diftempers of the Womb.

IX. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. A Liquid Juice. 2. An EJfence ; 5. A
Deco ft ion in Wine-. 4. A Syrup.

The Virtues.

X. The Liquid Juice. Taken to five or fix Oun-

ces in a Glafs of Wine, it purges by ftool, makes
the Belly foluble, and cools the Bowels : but fome-
times it overturns the Stomach, and cleanles it by
Vomiting. J

XL The EJfence. It does the fame thing with
the Juice, but with lefs detriment to the Stomach -,
and being taken Morning and Evening from two
ounces to three, or four, ir hops the Whites in Wo-
men, and a Gonorrhea in Men, Univerfals being pre-
mifed. . ° v

XII. The Decoffion in Wine. This is yet lefs.
troublefome to the Stomach, and has the Virtues of
.he Elience -, but not, altogether fo powerful ■, and
may be taken wichqut apy danger by a Woman with
Child;

XIII. The Syrup. It is 'not Only Elvfterick, but
Pectoral alfo: it clean fes the Womb/Breaft, Sto-
imich, and Lungs, of Slime, and Vifcous or Tarta-
rous Matter, eafes Coughs, and taken for fome
time, helps Afthma’s, and fhortnefs of Breath.

CHAR

Ml

C H A P. LXXXI.

B L I T E S Red.

IIE j Yarns. Ic is called in Latin , BlitUm
Rub nun, and in Englifh , the Red Blue.

Tlccl ftliict

II. The Kinds. There are two Species of it
t. Blit mn nujits Rubrum , Blit um Ruhr urn Hortenfe •,
the greater Red Elite, or Garden Red Blite. 2. Bli-
tum minus Ruhr um, B/itum Rubrum Sylvefire , the

letter Red Elite, or Wild Red Elite,
with much Seed.

Red Elite

111. The Defcription. Lite fir ft is almoft exalt 1)
like the Great White Blite described in the former
Chapter, except that the Stalks, and Leaves , and
alfo the reft of the Riant are reddijh , and reddijh
mixed with a dark green color, and in all other re-
ftpelt they feem to be like.

'Blite- small redi

IV. The fecond, letter, or Wild Blite, is almoji
like to the Wild White Blite, Javing that in this ,
the Stalks and Branches trail upon the ground, and
are reddijh, like the former for their color : the Seed
is fmall and differing together, green of color, and
almoft like unto the Seed of Coronope Ruellij, or
Bucks-horn.

V. The third Kind differs little from the fir ft,
fave that the Leaves are longer, and it is much ful-
ler of Seed, and with a multiplicity of fpiky heads.

VI. The Places. The firft or Greater is a Garden
Plant, and a Pot-herb : the other grows Wild, but
for the molt part in Gardens, and is taken for a
Weed : but is fometimes found Wild in other
places.

VII. The Times. They Flower all the Summer
long, and their Seed is ripe in Augufi and Septem-
ber • and keep alive in Winter alfo.

VIII. The Qualities. They are cold and dry in the
fecond Degree, Aftringent, Hylferick, and Solutive.

IX. The Specification. They are peculiar to flop
the Terms in Women.

X. The Preparations. You may make therefrom,
t. A Liquid Juice. 1. An E fence. 3. A Dc co-
ition. 4. A Syrup.

The Virtues.

XI. They are exaftly the fame with thofe Prepa-
rations in the former Chapter, fave, that whereas
thofe are peculiar for flopping the Whites in Wo-
men, and Gonorrheas -, thele are peculiar loi flop-
ping their Courfes when they overflow •, and are
alfo of great ufe to flop other Fluxes of Blood in
either Sex.

CHAP.

Chap. 82. E

nm o

Si

in

CHAP. LXXXII.

B L O O D-W O R T.

I, f J v HE Names. It is called in Greek

-*- : In Latin , Lapathum Sanguine uni, as

Tarkinjon : Sanguis D raconis Herba , as J. Baubin :
Lapat hum folia acuto rube Me, as C. Baubin : In Eng -
lift). Blood-wort.

* II- T he Kinds. It is a Species of the Dock, and
differs little but in its color.

hloocl wort.

I

III. The Defcription. It hat a Root not great
but fomething long, and very red , abiding many Tears
yet fometimcs killed by the extream harinefs of the
Winter : And a s it is one of the fort of Docks, fa
b.u it long Leaves , like unto the fmaller yellow
Dock, but overfpread with many red Veins , andover-
Jbadowed with red upon the green leaf that it feems
fometimes a/mofi wholly red. The Stalk is red or
reddijh , bearing ftch like Leaves, but fmaller, up
to the Top, where it is divided into divers fmall
Branches , on which grow purplijh Flowers ; after
which come three fquare, dark , red Seed, like unto
other Docks.

IV. The Places. It grows chiefly in Gardens, as
a Pot-herb, almoft throughout the Kingdom : but
Parkinfon fays, it is lometimes found growing
W lid.

V. The Times. It rifes up in the Spring of the
Year ; Flowers through all June and July ; and the
Seed is ripe in AuguJ}.

VI. The Vitalities. Blood-wort in refpeft to heat
?r COidn IS temPerate= aIld dry in the fecond Degree :
J; is Aflrtngent, Digeftive, Difcuflive, and Trauma-
tick; Stomatick, Heparick, Splenetick, and Alte-
rative.

VII. The Specification. It is peculiar for' cleanfing

the Blood, and lfrengchening it in its Crafts, and
therefore powerful agamlt the Scurvy.

VUI. The Preparations. You may make thereof
1. A Liquid Juice. 2. An Efence. 2. A Deco -
ttwn in Red IV, ne. 4. An Acid Tint/ure. 5. A
Syrup. 6. A Saline Ttnffure. 7. A Enfant. 8. A
Latap/afm. 9. A Ponder of the Seed.

The Virtues.

IX- The Liquid Juice. Taken from one ounce to
lour, either alone by it felt, or mixed with Wine
it removes the Dilcrafie of the Blood and Humors’
cleanfes it, and renews the whole Bloody Mafs like
to the Blood of a young Child : ft ought to be gi-
ven Morning and N ight for feveral Days.

X. 7 he Efence. ft has the Virtues of the Juice,
lfrengthens the Stomach, Liver, and other Bowels,
Hops fluxes of the Belly, chiefly the Bloody Flux
helps Spitting of Blood, and the SuhverfiOn of
hwfr!? oi the Sfomach through Choler : It opens
UbltTuthons, and is proticable againft the Jaundice.
Dole tour or fix Spoonfuls, or more.

XI. The Decothon. It has the Virtues of the Ef-
lence, but not lull out io powerful ; and being out-
wardly 11 fed it is good againft Freckles, Tannings,
Sun-burnings, Morphew, and other like defilements
Al/i Sln- d,i^en inwardly to fix ounces, it opens
Obttruaions of the Liver and Spleen, lfrengthens
the f Jcera , and flops all Fluxes of Blood, ft may
be made both of Roots and Leaves in Red Port
W me.

XII. The Acid TinOure. This is more ffomatick
than any of the former, purifies the Blood, reflifies
the Humors, and cures the Scurvy whether in Old
or Young : The Dole is from a quarter of a fpoon-
rn t0i,Uf?. “Ollier any proper Vehicle. Be-
fides all this, u kills Worms, in Children, and is
goodagainft the Dropfie ; quenches Thirl!, reflores

hearoFpeHte’ and Tta,kes awaY the Preternatural
heat ol Fevers : A Julep may be made of it, with

L5ve?r°f' t0 begivenin a11 maliSna«d

X11L The Syrup It is Peftoral, good againft
Y? /Stn°nld!’ Wheezings, and fhonnefs ol Brath
h» rhpTlf' hahne Tint! are. It purifies the Blood
by the Urinary pai&ges, allays the heat of Fevers
J? fe?al|nt„asail.lft J-rundice and Dropfie, and loo-
lens the Belly : Outwardly ufed, it is good againft

ofThe^kinUrt’ Morphe'v’ and other breakings out
XV. The Balfitm. It eafes Pains, being anointed

fS°T7wy Pa"’ peedll>r cures Green Wounds, clean-
and heals them.

1 Vi? lhe CfaP/af'”- It is Difcuflive* and feme-
whac Repercuflive, is profitably applied to Contu-

Gout and °t ier Tumors’ aild Sives tafe in the

, . 5VIL Ihe Souier of the Seed. It is drying ard
bmding, flops Fluxes of all forts, and bleSinfs 0f
the I ijcera : and taken in Wine to one dram ^it is
good againft the wounds of the Scorpion ’ Mad ■
Logs, and ol other Venomous Bealls. 1

CHAP. LXXXIII.
BORAGE.

I.^JT HE Karnes. It is called in Greek,

. ■*- Eupht of tie, ab ejjicienda Voiuptate : In La-
tm, Borago dill a videtur a Corago, ur.u litci m va-
riola. Apuleius fa id that it was called, Corago*
<{uod cordis afeHibus medetur, and from thence it is

thought

i 1 2 Salmon’,. Her hi/.

Lib. 1.

thougnt came our name Borage, by rhe alteration ol
one Letter •, but this name is not to be found in any ot
the Ancient Writers : In Englifh, we call it Borage.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral Kinds hereof:
as, i. Bor ago Vulgaris, Bor ago Hortenfis , Monbus
Cxru/cis, Comnion Garden Borage with Blew blow-
ers. 2. Bor ago flare alio , Borage with a White
blower. 3. Bor ago f sniper Vive ns, Everlivihg Bo-
lage.

• III. The Defcription. h has a Root , thicker and
fborter than that of B uglofs, fane thing blackifh with -
out, and whitifh within , penfhing after Seed time,
but rifes again of its own Sowing , in the Spring oj
the Tear. The Leaves are broader, fborter, greener,
rougher , and more crumpled than are the Leaves oj
Buglofs. The Stalks hereof are not fo high, but
branched out into many parts, whereon /land larger
Mowers, and more panted at the end than Buglofs,
and rf a paler blew color for the mofl part, yet Some-
times the Mowers are rtdd/Jb ■, each Mower conjiffs
A five Leaves, funding in a round whitifh hairy
jfhsk, divided into five parts, or leaves •, in the mid-
dle of the Mower grow forth a number of fine black
Threads, f landing our, pointed at the end, and broad
at the bottom •, which being paft away, there fucceeds
feveral roundifh black Seeds.

IV. Borago Horibus albis, Borage with white flow-
ers, is a plant like to the other in all reJ'peUs, ex-
cept the color of the blowers, for as they are perfcQ-
ly blew, thefe are purely white , and in this parti-
cular the difference only confiffs.

V. The Everliving Borage, has Roots black, thicker
than either of the former, and more Spreading, not
dying in the Winter, but yielding green Leaves all
the Winter long. It has very many broad Leaves,
rough and hairy, more refembling Comfrey than Bo-
rage, yet not Jo large as either, of a black, dark,
green color. Among which rife up ft iff hairy Stalks ,
but not fo high as thofe of our Common Garden Bo-
rage, upon which do grow many J mall, fair, blew
Viewers, very like to the Mowers of Buglofs for
the form, and of Borage for the color : 'There
are Buds, Flowers, and ripe Seed \ all at once, for

which reafon it is called Fverlafting, and that very
properly, beca.Je it not only luffs both Summer and
Winter, but is f cl Jem w about Buds, Mowers, and
Seed, ripe and unripe together, by which it wonder-
fully increafes.

VI. The Places. The firft is common in almoft
all Gardens : The fecond and third are not fo com-
mon, hut they grow with us in Gardens, a£ eafily
as the former.

VII. The Times. They Flower throughout all the
Summer Months, till the Autumn is well lpept •, and
their Seed ripens in the mean lealon.

VIII. The Qualities. They are Temperate in re-
fpeCt of heat or cold, and moift in the tiilt Degiee,
.nbiterlive, Aperitive, Emollient, Cordial, Alterative,
and A^xiphaftnick.

IX. The Specification. They wonderfully chear
the Heart,’ expelling Sadnefs and Melancholly, ac-
cording to the Verle,

Stiiltis,-LeproJis, Tabidis, Timidis, F'uriofls,
Licit Borago, gaudio Jemper ago.

Purifleat Sanguinem , if Cor Ixtificat. It purifies the
Blood, and makes the Heart fnerry.

X. The P/eparat ions. You may have thei el torn :
1. A liquid Juice. 2. An Ejjence. 3. A LA filled.
Water of the whole Plant. 4. A Syrup. 7. jin In-
fufion in Wine. 6. A Cqnferve of the Mowers.
7. An Acid Tintture. 8. A Baljam. 9. Ajbes.
10. A Spirit.

*

The Virtues.

XI. The liquid Juice. It e£eCtually purifies the
Blood, and is of excellent ule in all Putrid, Malign,
Spotted and Peftilential levers, to delend the Heart
:rom their Poilon and Malign. cy, and to expell the
lame, as alio the PoYon or other Creatures. It cools,
opens ObltruCtions, cleanles the Blood and Humors,
and is effectual in the cure ot the Yellow Jaundice.
Dofe Irom th.ee to eight Ipoonluls, or more, in
vVine, or mixed with the Diltilled Water, or in
lome other fit Vehicle, two or three rimes a day.

XII. The Ejjence. It has all the Virtues ol the
iormer, more exalted, and therefore more power
fully and effectually cheers the he«.rt, and ex pells
Melancholly. It is an excellent Cordial, revives
the Spirits, {Lengthens Nature, is good agaii.lt
fainting and Swooning fits, and other Palions of
the Heart, and reltoies fuch as have been long wa-
iting in a Conlumpcion. It may be given irom iwo
10 lour or fix ounces at a time, and that two at three
rimes a day, in Wine, or lome other fit Veh.de,
and it may be fweetr.ed, or made plealanr with Sy-
rup ot Borage. This Ejjence is Trauma Lick, and.
contributes very much towards ihe curing ot Wo nds,
or old Running Uicers, and fiftula’s, in Bodies of
an ill habit.

XIII. The Difi Hied Water. It has the Virtues of
the former, but nothing near fo powerful * but it
may be ufed as a Vehicle to convey the other things

in.

XIV. The Syrup. It is of the Nature of the Ef-
fence, tho’ not lo Strong and Effectual *, it is Cor-
dial, opens ObltruCtions of the Brelt and Lungs,
helps Coughs, Colds, Wheezings, Althma s, Ihort-
nefs of Breath, and mixt with Juice of Fumitory,
it cools and cleanfes the Blood, and is profitable
againlt the Yellow Jaundice. Dofe two ounces.

XV. The lnfufion of the Herb in Wine. It very
fenlibly and admirably recreates the Spirits, and gra-
tifies or pleafes the Stomach, is good againlt the
Cardiack Paflion, and Melancholly, and is prevalent
againlt the Faliing-ficknefs : If it is a Itiong lnfufion,

it

Chap. 84. ‘Englijh

it is good againft rednefs and inflammation of the
Eyes, they being wafhed therewith.

XVI. T he Conferve of the Flowers. They are
chiefly ufed as a Cordial Sweet-meat, and to reftore
fuch as have been long in a Confumption, being
often taken with new Cows Milk, viz. fuch as is
warm from the Cow, and in which the heat is pre-
ferved all day, by the help of the heat of a Sand
Furnace.

XVII. The Acid Tinffure. It is an admirable
Stomatick and Cordial, refreshes the languifhing
Stomach, arid-caufes a good Appetite : It prevails
againft the Scurvy, Dropfie, Jaundice and Gout ^
removes Sicknefs at Heart, and flops a vehement
and preternatural Vomiting. If uled as a Gargle,
by mixing it with fome of the Diifilled Water,* and
Syrup, it cures Cankers, and Ulcers of the Mouth
and Throat, and allays Inflammations of theTonfils.
This Tinthtre is a notable thing againft all burning,
malign, putrid, and peftilentiai Fevers, and profli-
gates even the Plague it felf 5 for it immediately
allays the preternatural heat, quenchds the violent
thirlt, refills the putridity pf. the Humors, and pro-
fligates the Poifon of the very Fhflilence it' felf. It
cools, opens ObftruHions, and re&ifies the Difcrafie
of the Blood and Humors, beyond many other more
Specious, and much Celebrated Medicaments.

XVIII. The ha/ Jam. It is/an excellent Vulnerary j
it cleanfes old Ulcers, and other Putrid and Run-
ning Sores and heals green Wounds to a miracle ;
I commend it by Experience' to my Countrymen.

XIX. The AJhes. If they be boiled in Mead or
Honeyed Water, it will be a Gargle for the curing
Inflammations of the Throat and Tonfils, Ulcers of
the Mouth, IT c. And if they be boiled in fair wa-
ter, and that water mixed With Juice of Fumitory,
it will make a Lotion againft Scabs, Itch, Tettars,
Ringworms, Scurf, Morphew, and other breakings
out, arifing from (harp and aduft Humors.

XX. The Spirit. It is made of the Juice of the
Plant, fermented with Honey, Sugar, Melloffus, or
Leaven, and then Diftilled in an Alembick. It is a
great Cordial, much exceeding Spirit of Wine in
Fainting and Swooning Fits, Sicknefs at Heart, Pal-
pitation, and other Paflions of the Heart : It chears
the Spirits, recreates Nature, and makes Merry, pro-
fligating the moft profound powers of Melancholly.
Dole one Dram, or two, to four Drams, alone, if
dulcified, otherwife to be mixed with a Glafs of
Wine.

CHAP. LXX^IV.
BROOM Common.

I HE Names. This our Broom was fcarcely
X known to the Ancient Greeks , though
fome have given it the name of Spartion :

However it is called generally irr Latin, Gem ft a •,
and Scoparia , as Gerard and Parkinflon ■, fome fup-
pofe it to be called Genifta a genuum flcxilitatc ,
from the flexiblenefs of its Joints ^ or, §>uia genibus
medeatur dole mi bus , becaufe it eafes the pain of the
Knees : or, quod facile generet ,flpeciemque prop age t ,
becaufe it eafily encreafes, and is not without trouble
deftroyed where it takes Rooting : ajfo Genefta au-
gulofa trifolia , as J. Bauhin and Mr. Kay : In Englifh ,
Broom , and Common Broom.

II. The Kinds. There are but two kinds, which
vye fhall take notice of in this Book : 1 . The Eng-
Ttjh. 2. The Spanijh. The Englijh Broom is twofold,
viz. i.* Scoparia, or Genijla vulgaris, our Common

Herbs. 1 1 :>

Field or Heath Broom. 2. GeniJleUa , Cham genijla
Dwarf Broom. Gerard calls it, Chamaginefta Ange-
lica,

III. The Defcriptiorf. Common Broom has a Root
which is long and woody , but tough withal, fpreadi ng
fever a l ways under the Earth , never penjhing , but
fending forth new Jhoots every Lear , and more ef pe-
nally, if the old Stalks are cut down , and taken a-
way. From thefe Roots come forth many woody Stems
or Stalks, of the bignefls of a Alan's Linger at bottom ,
fdmetimes bigger * flometimes lejfer, according to its
length of time in growing, rifling up to the height of
jour or jive feet, or more, and fpreadi ng into feve-
ral the like woody Branches , snaking a kind of Shrub
or Bujh, as it were, covered with a hard and thin
dark, grayijh, green Bark, from which Jhoot forth a
great number of J, lender , pliant, fifuare or cornered
fmall Twiggs, like Ricjhes, upon which grow fmall
dark, green Leaves. The Flowers 'are large, and of
a golden yellow Jhining color, growing^ one above ano-
ther for a good fpace, till they come to the Tops of the
Branches, ivhich turn into hard, flat, fmall Cods, ah
moft black when they are ripe, and in which are con-
tained fmall and jhining, brownijh Seed.

IV. Geniftella or Dwarf Broom has a Root long
and tough, long lafting, an l Spreading much under
ground : This Llant never grows very great or high ,
neither come its jlcnder, pliant, green Branches to
be hard or woody, but they always keep low, rifling
up but a little more than a foot in height. Upon its
green pliant twigs, are flet J'mall and Something long
Leaves, of a dark, green color on the upper fide, and
gray underneath , abiding on them all the Summer
time : at the tops grow fmall yellow Flowers, not flo

\ yellow, nor flo large as the former, but like unto
them for the form ■, which being paft, there flucceeds
little long Pods or Cods oj Seed, which are like to
the fir ft, but flmaller.

V. The Places. The firfl grows very plentif illy
ini many places of our Land, as upon Heaths, Bar-
ren Places, and Uncultivated Grounds, as well as
in France, Germany, Italy, and Spain : The other is
alfo found in many Parts of this Kingdom and is

Q„ alf«>

Salmon’ j- Herbal. Lib. I.

alfo found in Hungary : about thirty Years fince as
I was a walking, 1 found it in fome Wafte and Bar-
ren Grounds about Low-Layton near London : This
is fuppofed to be Clufuts his Chamtgenfia Fannoni-
ca Jemima.

VI. The Times. They Flower fometimes earlier,
fomerimes later in the Summer Months, as in June
and July , to the end of Augufi , and the Seed ripens
in the mean feafon

VII. The Qualities. They are both hot and dry
in the lecond Degree, and faid to be of one and the
fame, and equal Virtues : They are Aperitive, Ab-
fterfive, Diuretick, and Traumatick or Vulnerary:
Hepatick, Splenetick, Hyfterick, Nephritick, Arthri
tick, and Alterative : but the Seed fome fay is Ca
thartick.

VIII. The Specification. It is of peculiar ufe a-
gainft the Dropfie, Jaundice, Gout, and Kings-Evil,
as alfo Diftempers of the Reins and Bladder.

IX. The F reparations. You may make from thefe
Plants : l. A Di Hilled Water. 2. A Decottion in
Wine. 3. A Liquid Juice. 4. An Inf p fiat e Juice.
5- An EJJence. 6. An Oil difiilled. 7. A Spiri-
tuous Tintture. 8. An Acid Tintture. 9. An Oily
Tintture. 10. A Saline Tintture . 11. A Syrup.
12. A Fixed Salt of the AJhes. 13. A Fouder oj
the Leaves and Seeds. 14. A Conferve of the Flow-
ers. 15. An Oil. 16. An Ointment. 17. A Bal-
fam. 18. Genificemel. 19. A Cataplafu. 20. A
Fickle of the Buds.

The Virtues.

X. The difiilled Water. Whether it is made of
the Flowers, or of the green Branches, or both, it Is
faid to be good againlt Surfeits •, and taken with
equal quantities of the lefler Centory Water, and
the Patient laid down to Sweat upon it, it is laid
.to alter the Fits of Agues. It is a good Vehicle for
fome of the following Preparations.

XI. The Decottion in Wine. It is good againft
the Dropfie, Jaundice and Gout, and to cleanfe the
Reins, Ureters, and Bladder, of Sand, Gravel, and
other Tartarous matter.

XII. The liquid Juice , made of the young Bran-
ches, and flowery Heads. It purges downwards
Phlegmatick and Watry Humors, and therefore is
good for fuch as have the Dropfie, more efpecially
if it is ufed with White Port, or Rhenijh Wine :
but pofiibly in fome other cafes it may be better
ufed with Water. It is profitable againft the Gout
anu Sciatica, and other pains of the Joints and
Limbs. It eafes pains in the Sides, and is good a-
gainft Tumors of the Spleen. It cleanfes the Reins,
Ureters, and Bladder, of Stones, Sand, and Gravel’
or any Tartarous Matter Obftru&ing them, bring-
ing forth the offending Matter by Urine, which it
admirably provokes. Dofe three, four or fix oun
ces in Wine, twice or thrice a day, as you fee need
requires.

XIII. Tf)e Inf p flat e Juice. The Virtues are the
fame with the former. Dofe from j. to iij. diams :
diffolve it in Wine over a gentle heat, and fo drink
it.

XIV. The EJJence. It has all the Virtues of the
Liquid Juice, before enumerated : It opens Obftru-
ttions of the Liver and Spleen, is good againft Pains
and Stitches in the Sides, difficulty of Breathing,
and fhortnefs of Breath ; and as it cleanfes the Reins
and Urinary pafiages of Gravel and Stones, it is
faid fo perfectly to remove the Caule, as to hinder
their ever breeding again. Moreover, it prevails
againft the Kings-Evil, and powerfully llrikesat the
Root of the Caufe. It opens Obftrudions of the
Womb, and provokes the Terms in Women, where

they are ftopt. Dofe five, fix or eight fpoonfuls, in
White Port or Rhenijh Wine.

XV. The difiilled Oil. It is made from the Seed
and Roots dried, as Oil of Saffafras, and other like
things is made. Its ufe is External to Anoint with,
to take away Spots, Freckles, Pimples, and othW
deformities of the skin.

XVI. The Spirituous Tintture. It is a peculiar
thing againft the Scurvy, and to ftrengthen the Sto-
mach and Bowels, whilft the Dropfie is in curing
Dofe two drams.

XVII. The Acid Tintture. If it is often and lone
taken, it deftroys the Scurvy, Dropfie, and Kings-
hvil ill their Roots, and deftroys the preternatural
heat in all Burning, Malign, and Peftilential f evers
It opens Obftruftions ct all the Vifcera,mi in a word
performs all that the Liquid Juice or Effence can do -
and with this advantage, that this may be taken
where there is an extreme weaknefs of the Stomach
when thofe things cannot, It helps ihortnefs of
Breath and difficulty of Breathing, ftrengthens a
weak Stomach, and caufes a good Appetite in inch
as loath their Food, or cannot endure to iee it in
their fight. Dofe from a quarter to almolt half a
lpoontul, in Ale, Beer, or Wine, three, four or rive
ones a day.

xym.xv Oily Tintture. It is good againft ex-
ternal Evils, and deformities of the Skin as Spots
freckles, Lentils, Pimples, Wheals, Scurf Mor^
phew, and fuch other like Dileafes -, eales Pams
and Aches from a cold caufe, in what part of the
Body foever : and being taken inwardly from ten
drops to twenty, or more, in any Diuretick Vehicle
it gives prelent eafe to Pains of the Back, though
never fo extream, provokes Urine, takes away tne
heat and fcalding thereof, and expells Sand, Gravel
and Tartarous Matter.

XIX. The Saline Tintture. It is good in hot Tu-
mors, and all hoc Eruptions, and deformities of the
Skm, proceeding from hear, or where they happen
m hot Conftitutions. Inwardly given, it power-
fully provokes Urine, and therefore may be of good
ufe in the Dropfie Sarcites , to drain the water out
of the whole Body. It kills fmall Worms in the
Skin, which breed in an extravagant manner in
fome People, chiefly in the Forehead, Nofe and
Chin.

XX. The Syrup. If it is made of the Juice it
has the Virtues of the Juice, and Effence, but not
full out fo powerful ; however ir is better for Chil-
dren, Ladies, and fuch as are Queafie Stomached :
It purges gently, and carries ofi the Recrements of
Humors. Dofe two ounces to four in a Glafs of
Port Wine : It is a lingular thing againft the Drop-
lie, Jaundice and King's-Evil.

?94 The f ixed Suit. It is made of the Afhes by
Elixiviation in Water, being drank daily in Ale
Beer, or Wine, it is faid alone to cure the Dropfy’
and to be a Specifick for the fame. Dofe from a
fcruple to half a dram, in every good draught of
Ale, BeCr or Wine. And fo taken in White or Rhe-
nijh Wine, it is not only a Specifick againft the
Dropfie, but as Authors fay, it cures the Green-
ficknefs alfo : however it is not to be ufed in too
great a quantity, left it fhould by its vehement ape-
ritive and ablterfive Qualities, fret or hurt the
Bowels, but it may be given in the Liquid Juice or
Effence, whereby it exalts their Virtues, and makes
them the more powerful to all the intentions they
are propofed for.

XXII. The Ponder of the Leaves and Seed. Ta-
ken to a dram, or dram and half, in Beer or Wine
it purges downwards Cold, Flegmatick, and Watery
Humors, expells the Water in Dropfies, helps the
Gout and Sciatica ; and by a conftant ufe thereof in

Wine,

Chap., 85. £gg/>y£ Herts. nj

Wine, it cures the Black Jaundice, and preferves
from the Gout and Stone.

XXIII. The Conferva of the Flowers. Made with
Sugar or Honey, and often eaten, it wafts and de-
ftroys the Humors which teed the Kings-tvu.

XXIV T he Oil. It is made of the young Bran-
ches and Flowers, boiled in Oil Olive, till they are
Crifp (fie. It is a fafe and fure Medicament to kill
Liceblits, and other Vermin, in the Head or Body ;
and being applied to the Sciatica, it helps it.

XXV. lie Ointment. It is made of the young
Branches bruifed, and the Flowers by boiling them
in Oil, adding Sheeps Suet and Wax to bring it to
a body, (fic. This being applied to Sides pained, or
where Stitches are, or to the Spleen, eafes the pain,
and removes it at twice or thrice ufing.

XXVI The Balfam. It is made of the young
Twigs and Flowers, (fie. being applied to green
WoundSjOi foul, running, and putrid Ulcers, it clean-
fes, incarnates, and heals them in a very mort time.
The fame will be done by a Balfam made of the Li-
quid Juice and Turpentine, boiled to a thicknels, ad-
ding a little Oil and Wax. ... , ,

XXVII. Genifttmel. It is made by boiling the li-
quid Juice and honey to a tbicknefs. It cures green
Wounds prefently. It alfo cleanles old, running,
and putrid Ulcers, fills them with Flefh, and heals
them : And apply'd to Kibes in the Feet, with pou-
der of Scammony, it cures them in a very Ihort

tl!XXVIII. The Cataplafm. It is tto be made of
the tender Tops and Flowers, beaten till they be-
come a Mafs in a Wooden Mortar. Being applied,
it is laid to help the bitings of Serpents, and other
Venomous Creatures.

XXIX. The Tickle. The young Buds of the
Flowers are ufually Pickled and they make an ex-
cellent Sallet tor the Winter time, but it is of ufe
thro’ the whole Year ; it excites the Appetite, cau-
fes a good Digeftion, opens Obftruftions of the
Liver Spleen and Reins, and provokes Urine.

e/s, fafbioned like unto broom blowers, but larger
at yellow as they , and j welling as well •, after which
come fmall long , round , yellowifh red Cods, crefted.
at the back , wherein is contained blackifh flat Seed ,
fafbioned very like unto the Kidney Bean, but the
Cods ( fays Gerard ) rarely contain more than one
Seedjcldom two.

CHAP. LXXXV.

BROOM Spa/tijb.

1. t-p H E Names. It is called in Greek Smpnt :

JL in Latin, Spartium , and Sparttm Hfpani-
cum : and in Englifh , Spanijh Broom.

II. The Kinds. There are, 1. Spartum Hfpani-
mm , and Spartum Hifpanicum frutex ( to diftin-
guilh it from the Sedge or R ujb, that is fo called )
Spartum Grstcorum , Gcnijla Hifpanicum , and Spar-
turn Hifpanicum vulgare , Common Spanijh Broom.

2. Spartum Hifpanicum tttajus fiore albo , Tfeudo-

fpartum Hifpanicum Aphyllitm , Spanijh Broom with
a White Flower, Baftard Spanijh Broom without
Leaves. 3. Spartum Hifpanicum fiore luteo , TJeudo-
fpartum lutcum Aphyllum , Spanijh Broom with a
yellow Flower, or the yellow Baftard Broom with-
out Leaves. „ „ r , a ,

III. The Defcription. The firjt oj thefe has a
tough, woody Root, Jpr ending it f elf under the Earth
many ways ■, from whence rifes up a Stalk Jive or fix
heel high, with a woody Stock below, coveted with
a dark Gray, or AJh-coloitred Bark, and having above
many pliant, long, and Jlender croft ed green twigs,
whereon, in the beginning of the dear, are Jet many
fmall , long, green Leaves, which abide not long, but
fall away when the Slant comes to flower. Towards
the tops of thefe Branches or Twigs grow the flow-

IV. Spartum Hifpanicum tnajus fiore albo. The
greater White flowred Spanijh Broom, has a Root
like the former, from whence grows up a Stem much
higher than the yellow, even to five or fix Eeet high,
wbofe Branches are more tough, apt to bend, and
compliant, than the former, or that following, having
Q. 2 Jmall

Salmons 'herbal.

116

Lib. I.

JmaII Leaves on them like the others , and as foon
lading : the flowers alfo ft and upon long Stalks , and
are like the others for form, but larger , and of a
IV trite color , and of little or no fmell ■, which being
paft away , there comes fmall round Pods or Cods ,
like the others , but fmaller , each one containing, for
the moft part, but one Seed, fomcthing left than the
others alfo.

V. l ie third Kind , or Pfeudofpartum flore luteo,
is a JinaHcr Spailifh Broom, which has alfo a hard,
tough, woody Root, from whence grows a Stem or
Stalk if the bignefs of ones Thumb at bottom -, and
grows to be about two feet high, whofe bark is rough,
and freaked all along, fending forth many green,
Jlender, pliant Branches, which divide thmfelves
again into many other fmaller Twigs, whereon for a
while after they are fhot forth, abide a few fmall
Leaves, until they begin to Jhoot out flowers, and
then fall , away, leaving the Branches naked, and
without Leaves all the reft of the Tear after : from
the Sides ,/nd Joints of the fmallerTwigs, Jhoot forth
fmall long Stalks, bearing many flowers, fmaller
and yellower than the former Sparcum, without any
Scent for the moft part : after which come fmall
round skinny Cods , containing for the moft part but
one Seed in them, and fafhioned fomewhat like unto
the Kidney Bean, which when they are ripe, will by
the Jh. iking of the Wind, make a noife in their
Pods.

VI. The Places. They all grow in Spain, Italy,
Trance, and other Southern Countries ;.hut the firft
of them grows with us in Gardens, only as an Or-
nament, fays Parkinfon, among other delightful
Plants, to pleafe the Senfes of Seeing and Smel-
ling.

VII. The Times. The firft and fecond Flowers in
April and May, and beginning of June ; the third
Flowers in February : and their Seed is ripe before
Winter, : the firft, which grows in our Gardens, its
Seed is not ripe till very late in the Year.

VIII. The Vitalities, Specification, Preparations
Virtues and Jfes , are the fame in all refpefts with
Eng/ijh Broom, excepting, that thefe Spanifh Brooms
are Itronger in operation, and more effeftual to the
purpoles intended ; infomuch, that being given in-
wardly in many of their Preparations as the Eng-
lifh, they not only work downwards, but cleanfe
the Stomach and Body by Vomiting alfo : this be-
ing faid, we (hall lay no more ot them here, but
reterr you to the former Chapter.

CHAP. LXXXVI.
BROOM Rape.

I. 'T' H E Names. It is called in Greek ■

-L in Latin, Orobanche, Cauda Leonss ; Cluftus
calls it Hasmodoron, as T heophraftus, lib. 8. cap. 8.
or Lemodoron , as others have it : and in Englijh
it is called Broom-Rape.

II* The Kinds. 01 this Broom-Rape there are le-
veral Kinds, as, i. Tliat which proceeds from the
Roots of the Englijh-Broom. a. That which pro-
ceeds from the Roots of the Spanifh Broom. a. That
-which proceeds from the Dyers Weed : all thefe
have but one Defcription, though arifing from the
Roots of thofe leveral Plants. Label and Cluftus
make other Varieties, i. That which has longer
and fmaller Flowers than the other, or common fort
has. 2. That which lias larger flowers, and thofe
ot a blewilh color, and is lometimes found among
Corn. 3. That which is parted towards the Top

into feveral Branches, whofe Flowers are either
Blew, Purplilh or White, and is fometimes found
amongft Hemp.

III. The Defcription. Broom-Rape has a bulbous
Root, or a Root round and fcaly, which adheres or
grows unto the Roots of Broom, big or large below
and fmaller above, covered with blackifh Scales and
of ayelhwijb Pulp within : from this Root does rife
up a Stalk of the bignefs of a finger or Thumb, and
about a J pan long ; fometimes a foot, or two feel
high, which has afhew of Leaves on it, and many
flowers about the Top of it, fomewhat whitifh , al-

Chap. 87. ‘EngUjh Herbs.

1 1

7

moji like to thofe oj dead Hetties -, or Jomething re-
J'embling the blowers of Orchis, but larger , and oj
a deadjjh yellow color , as the Stalks and Leaves alfo
are , after which grow forth long , thick and round
husks , in which are contained very many Seeds , yet
good for nothing but Parkinfon fays, it perijhes
without Seed.

IV. The Places. Gerard fays, that Broom-Rape is
not to be found any where but where Broom grows.
It may be found in a Broom-field at the foot of
Shoot ers-htll next London ■, upon Hampfie ad,- Heath,
and in feveral other places. But Parkinfon fays,
it grows more often where no Broom grows, viz.
by Fields and Hedge fides, and upon Heaths and
other Authors fay, in Cornfields and Hemp-lands.

V. The Times. It rifes up, and appears, and is
in its chief perfection in the Month of June.

VI. The Qualities. It is Temperate in refpeff to
Heat or Cold, Drynefs or Moifture, Aperitive, Ab-
iterfive, Diuretick, and Vulnerary -, Hepatick, Ne-
phritick, and Alterative.

VII. The Specification. Its peculiar property is
to provoke Urine, and help the Strangury.

VIII. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, 1. A liquid Juice. 2. An E fence. 3. A
Decottion. 4. An lnfolated Oil. 5. A half am.
6. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

IX. The liquid Juice. It is an extraordinary
thing to cute not only green Wounds, but alfo run-
ning Sores, old, filthy, running Ulcers, and malig-
nant breakings out whatfoever.

X. The Efjence. It is thought to be as efteUual
in opening ObftruUions of the Reins, Ureters and
Bladder, provoking Urine, and expelling Sand, Gra-
vel, Stones, or any Vifcous, Tartarous or Slimy
Matter out of the Urinary paffages, as Broom it fell!
Dole three or four ounces at a time, Morning and
Evening, in a glafs of White Wine.

XI. The Decotfion. It has the Virtues of the Ef-
fence, but not all out fo powerful.

XII. The lnfolated Oil. It ought to be made of
four or five repeated Infufions of the top Stalks
with the Flowers, Brained forth and cleared. It is
laid to cleanfe the Skin of all manner of Spots,
Freckles, Lentils, Sun-burning, Tanning, and other
like deformities which rife through heat of the Sun,
or fuperabundancy of malign Humors.

XIII. The Baljam. It is cleanfing, incarnative,and
healing, and therefore beneficial againff all forts ol
old, putrid, malign, and running Sores% and Ulcers :
It heals Wounds admirably, and conglutinates their
Lips in a very fhort time.

XIV. The Cataplafm. It is good againft Burnings
and Scaldings, eafes Pain, dilcufles Swellings and
Contufions, where the Skin is not broken, and fof-
tens hard Tumors.

CHAP. LXXXVII.

B R I T A N N y.

I. ' | v H E Karnes. It is called by Pliny, lib. 20.

X cap. 21. in Greek Hydro/apa-

thum : in Latin , Lapathum Sylvejire longifolium
nigrum, Hydrolapatbum, Hydrolapathum nigrum, and
Britannica : in Englijh, the Wild Black long-leavd
Water-Dock, or Black Watei'-Dock, and Britanny,
which laft is its moft Common Appellation.

II. The Kinds. The Arabian, Greek and Roman
Authors affirm it to be a Species of Lapathum, or
Dock,- which that laborious Botanift Abraham Mun-
ting in his famous Herbal, publifhed in Holland, in
folio. Anno 1696. has efficiently demonftrated.
And of this. Plant there are two fpecial kinds,
1. The European, fimply called Britannica, and Bri-
tannica Antiquorum vera, or Britanny. 2. The A-
merican , called by the aforenamed Author, Britan-
nica Americana and from forne of the places where
it grows, Britannica Virginiand, American, or Virgi-
nian Britanny.

III. This Plant has layen in the Dark for man/
Ages, ever fince the Times of the Ancient Romans,
to whom it was well known, and by whom it was’
much uied, as Avicen, Dwfcorides, Pliny, Galen,
TEgineta,' JEtius, Orobafius, and others, teftihe •
whereby it is manifeff, that in Ancient times' it was
famous for its cures, which it performed in the
Roman Armies, which in Britanny and the Low
Countries, they laboured under, being chiefly the
Scurvy, or Scorbutick Diftempers, as Diarrhea's or
Fluxes of the Bowels, Pains or Aches, Loofenefs’ of
leech, CVc. for which reaTon Claudius Ccejar carried
it along with him to Rome, ordering it to be lpread
upon the Pageants of his Triumph, and to be hung
yp in the Capitol^ i^ftd Aero himlelf took care of
it afterwards for its Culture, by caufing it to he
Nuilt up in the Gardens of Rome. But it Lems'
when the Goths, and other Barbarous Nations over-
™n the Roman Empire, and the greateft part of
C hriltendom, deftrOying and rooting up every thing'
they came near, that this Plant was buried or Iolf
in that Universal DeftruUion of almoft all things'

u8 Salmons Herbal. Lib. L

and has lain forgotten lor above eight hundred Years,
till this our Author difcovered it anew.

IV. The name of this Plant , Britannica , came not,
fays Munting , from the Illand of that Name, but
its Etymology ( lays he ) is taken from the Prifian
Language, Brit fignifying Confolidare , vel fir mare ,
Tan, Dens, and lea, loofc , or a thing going forth,
which is as much as to lay, to jafien looje 'Teeth ,
the loolnels of the Teeth and Gums being one 61
the Grand Symptoms of the Scurvy. But by that
great Man’s favour, we can give little credit to that
far fetch’d Etymology , it being always a thing known,
that the pride of the Ancient Romans was too great
to invent, or inveltigate any thing whatfoever with
a Latin Name, whole Etymology Thould arife from
the unpolifhed Particles or Words of Barbarous Ra-
tions : Without doubt the Romans firft finding it in
England or Britannia in great plenty ( tho" after-
wards they might find it in briefiand , and other
places of the Low Countries) gave it the Denomi-
nation from the ]\ame of the Countrey they firlt
found it in, and fo called it Britannica , quafi Herba
Britannica i and this is that which I adhere to, and
really believe.

V. All the Botanifts or the laft fix or feven hun-
dred Years, knew nothing at all of it : indeed they
have named Britannica , but they never durft ven-
ture to fix it, fo as to deferibe it, or figure it in
Sculpture. And according to the feveral Ages, fe-
veral kinds of Herbs or Plants, were taken to be this
Plants of ours, as, Biftorta , Betonica , Beccabunga
aquatic a , Bugla , Cochlear i a, Heft aphy lion , Plant ago
aquatic a, Primula veris , Tcrmentilla , Veronica , and
feveral others •, all which were fallly, in their feve-
ral Ages, faid to be the Britannica of the Ancients:
and the two famous Bauhins , who fpent their whole
lives in the Botanick Study, made fo great a mi-
ftake, as to tihsColubrina , or a fort of Snake-weed
for it : And Cambden makes our Englifh Herborifts
to fay, that Scurvy-grafs was the true Britannica
Phnij i than which nothing is more remote : with-
out doubt this our liy dr olap album nigrum , is the
genuine or true Britannica of the Ancients, its de-
icription agreeing exattly in every particular with
their deferiptions, and performing every thing, and
more than they aferibed to it,

VI. The Delcription. The firfi of thefe , which is
our European or Englilh kind , has a Tuberous Root,
large and round ijh , fending forth from it almofi
round about, feveral Arms or Brancheuof a confi-
de r able thicknefs , all which feein knobbed or gouty ,
and ill fhape d : Prom this Root # rifes up feveral
Leaves pretty large , not much unlike to thofe of the
largejl Dock , but every waft) roader and longer ,
growing upright , and fharp pointed , fometimes of a
blackijh green , fometimes of a purphfh green , and
fometimes of a yellowifb green color , fometimes f pot-
ted, and fometimes not. prom the midfi of thefe
Leaves rifes up, one pretty large Stalk, fometimes
three or Jour beet high , of the fhape and color of an
ordinary Dock, except that fometimes it is inclining
to a reddifh green -, it has a kind of Joints, whence
fpring forth Leaves like the former, but much lefs ■,
and from the fame places it fends forth manifold
Branches, not much -un kke to the Common Water
Dock, but more numerous , larger and higher. The
Plowcrs grow all over thefe Branches , almofi from
their very beginning, up eve mto tfieir feveral 'Tops,
in a kind of Cafe or husk , etichjet upon a fmall,
(lender, fhort tootfialk, and of a brown color-, which
being vanifked, the Seed is contained in Chaffy husks ,
not much unlike to other Dock Seed, ef pec tally that
of the Water Dock.

VII. The American or Virginian Britanny has a
Root confijhrtg of a Head thick and gouty, but not of

a round tuberous body like the former, from which
Head grows downward into the Earthffeveral Arms
\ or Branches, which are thick, brownifh without, and
yellowifh within : from this Root rifes up one up-*
right Stalk of feveral feet high, which has alfo
Joints upon it like knees, from whence come forth
very long and large , Leaves, firong and hard, not
much unlike to J Honks Rhubarb, but that theje are
much longer, life Stalk ( which' is very like that of
ol her .Docks j Wfes up oftentimes to a\confiderable
height, t ab.oiit the middle of which it fends forth a
great number of Branches not ntuclf'un .'ike the Eu-
ropean, which have fine few LeavesAlike the others
upon them, but much lefs.' The Prowers grow in
vafi 'numbers upon alt thefe Branches fingle, and each
upefh a fmall fhort Pootfialk, even from their begin-
ning up to their very tops, fet in f paces at certain
di fiances, in a feeming Uniform manner : After the
blowers are paji away, the Seed comes, which is con-
tained in a Chaffy Husk like the firfl , and differs not
much from it, neither in fhape, nor color, nor magnitude.

VIII. The Places. It commonly grows in Marjhy
and Penny Grounds , banks of Ditches, and moilt
Places, and in lides of Ditches, and watry Plafhes
which are between the Land Ground and Fen
Grounds in feveral parts of this Kingdom : I found
i'ome of it in the Borders of the Pens in Cambridge -
.(hire and Huntingdonjhire, and in other moilt and
watry places. It grows plentifully alio in briefiand,
Qveryfiel, Gelderland, and Holland, and poflibly in
many Other places in the Low Countries.

IX. The Times. It Ihoots forth its Leaves in
April its Flowers in the latter end of May, or
beginning of June -, and its Seed is ripe in Augufi.
The Root is to be gathered in the beginning of the
Spring, or in Autum, viz. in March or September •
the Leaves and flowers in June and July and the
Seed in the latter end of Augufi, or beginning of
the next Month.

X. The Qualities. It is temperate in refpefit of
heat or cold, but dry in the latter end of the fecond
Degree. It is Aftringent, Aperitive, Digeftive, and
Traumatick-, Stomatick, Hepatick, Hylterick, Ar-
thritick and Alterative.

XI. The Specification. It is peculiar for the curing
the Scurvy, and all forts of Fluxes of what kind,
ioever ; and Munting fays, it is a Specifick againft
Poifons and Convullions.

XII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, i. A liquid Juice. 2. An Ejjence. 3. A
De coition. 4. A Spirituous Tincture. 5. A Spirit
by Permentaiion. 6. A Baljam or Ointment. 7. The
bixed Salt. 8. The Pouder of the Root.

Tie Virtues.

XIII. The liquid Juice. Given to five or fix
fpoonluls, or more, either by it ielf or mixt with
Red Port Wine, it Itrengchens and confirms the
Stomach and Bowels, and powerfully refills the
Scurvy in all its appearances, viz. with all its
Symptoms, as Ulcers and Cankers in the Mouth,
loofenels of the Teeth, wandering pains, weaknefs
and lickneis at Stomach, Efc. it is good alfo againft
all manner of Fluxes whatloever, as Diarrhea’s, Dy-
lenteries, Lienteries, Hepatick fluxes, overflowing
of the Terms in Women, (S'c. It is to be taken
Morning and Evening for I'ome time.

XIV. The Ejjence. It has all the former Virtues,
belides which, it is faid to cure Pleurifies, Quinlies,
the Hemorrhoids, and all lorts of infiammations ;
and is very powerful and luccelsful in the cure of
Hydropical Diltempers, more elpecially if it is im-
pregnated with the fixed Salt of the lame Plant,
it is alio an extraordinary Traumatick, for the cu-
ring of Wounds and old Ulcers, being taken Morn-
ing,

Chap. 88. lUngliJb Hwbs.

ing, Noon, and Night for fome time, two or three
ounces for a Dofe in a Glafs of Wine.

XV. The DecoOwn. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice and EfTence, but not all out fo powerful ; it
is an excellent Traumatick, and Antifcorbutick, and
prevails againft fpitting and pifling of Blood, and
all other fluxes of Blood whatfoever.

XVI. The Spirituous Tintfure. It has all the Vir-
tues of the liquid Juice and ElTence, a famous thing
againft the Scurvy in a cold and moift habit of
Body, a very great ftomatick, ftrengthening that
Vifcus in all its faculties : It is a kind of Panacea.
and a Specifick againft Convulfions, and Poifonsi
yea the Plague it felf ; it flops all forts of Fluxes,
and ftrengthens the Vijcera to a Miracle : but it
( as alfo the other Preparations ) ought not to be
given to Coftive Bodies, by reafon of their Allrin
gencv.

XVII. Vie Spirit. It is made of the Juice by Fer-
mentation : and is ufed (being dulcified) as a Cor-
dial Antifcorbutick, and to comfort and ftrengthen
the Bowels in Hydropick and Confumptive Perfons,
and fuch as have been in long Fluxes : being held
in the Mouth, it ftrengthens the Gums, and fallens
loofe Teeth. Dofe from half an ounce to an ounce
twice a day, or upon any fainting or illnefs.

XVIII The Balfam , or Ointment. It cleanfes, in-
carnates, ar.d heals Angularly well ; it cures Green
Wounds at two or three times drefiing, by reafon
of its Scypticity. Applied to the Hemorrhoids, and
the Gout, it ea'fes the pains of thofe Parts.

XIX. The hixei Suit. It is fingular againft Quin
lies, Pleurifies, and other Inflammations of the Vij-
eera, opens Obttruftions of the Reins, provokes
Urine, and abforbs the Acid Humor, which is the
caufe of Fluxes of the Bowels ; it alfo helps to car-
ry off the Watry Humor in Dropfies. Dofe from
fifteen to thirty grains, in any Homogene Liquor,
Decoftion, ISfc. proper againft: the fame Difeafes,
two or three times a day.

XX. The Ponder of the Root. It may be given
from half a dram to two drams, Morning and N lght,
in any Flux of the Bowels, whether Simple or
Bloody ; it is alfo good againft the Terms in Wo-
men, lpittirig and pitting of Blood, or any weaknef-
fes of thofe parts ; it ftrengthens the Stomach and
refills Vomiting. It may be given in Port Wine, or
other Vehicle proper againft the Diftemper. Strew-
ed upon moift and running Ulcers, it dries up the
Humor, and dilpofes them to heal.

XXI. The American has rhe fame Qualities, Spe-
cification, Preparations, Virtues and Ufes with the
former.

CHAP. LXXXVIII.
BROOKLIME.

HP HE Names. It is called in Greek, ’Av*!ctg>,v
-l In Latin, Anagallis aquatica. , and

Becabunga ( from the German Word : ) and in Eng-
Hjh , Brdoklime , and Water RimpemeL
II. The Kinds . There are feveral Kinds of this
riant, as, I . Anagallis Aquatica vulgaris , Becabun-
ga as Rarkinfon calls it, Common Brookline, which
Mr. Ray calls Anagallis reffius Veronica aquatica
minor, j olio fubrot undo fore cceruleo, as./. Bduhrn.
a. Anagallis re thus Veronica aquatica folio rotun-
diore major, five Bb cabling a major, the greater Brook
lime, and greater round-leav’d Brooklime. 3. Ana ■

XI9

mm, to, great Brooklime, with a long dented Leaf;
a. Anjgdhs aquatica r cants Veronica aquatica minor
joins oblong is non crenatis , The leffer Brooklime
with a long leaf not dented. There are feveral
other Kinds, as that joins Pu/egij , joins Alfmt, and
Augujt ijoha, but not being common with us I for-
bear them.

SrooMrme

greater

f" III. The Defcription. Our Vulgar Brooklim
biu a Root white, Ipw, and creeping, with fine firing
j fp ring ing therefrom at every Joint *, from wheni
I rife Up flat . thick St /like which nrp munAifh .'M

3 ZZTeZTlTJb Brookto;y «

£ Un>““ a1MUc‘‘ m“J°rj°l‘0 oblongo \ rife up flat, thick Stalks, which are roundijh , a,.

dividt

120

Salmon’./' Herbal.

Lib. I.

divided into fever al Branches, having on them thick,
finooth , and broad deep green Leaves, fome what like
to thofe of fur fane, but of a deeper green color,
and fet upon the Stalks by couples. The flowers
grow upon fmall, long , tender Foot folks, which thru ft
themfe Ives forth from the Bofom of the Leaves , of a
perjetl blew color , and not much unlike to the Leaves
of the Flowers of the Land Pimpernel, ccnftfting oj
five fmall round pointed Leaves apiece, which being
gone, in a fort time after comes a fort of fmall Seed.

IV. Tie Greater Brooklime ^ this differs nothing
from the former , but in having larger and rounder
Leaves, and a paler bler'o colored Flower.

V. The Greater long leav’d Brooklime 4 this dif-
fers little, or almofi nothing from the former, but
in the leaf, which is longer pointed, and dented about
the edges -, and in the blowers, ichicb are of a pale
whitifh blew color.

VI. The LeTer long leav’d Brooklime, this has a
Root confifiing of a fmall bufh of White Fibres, bin
not running far, from whence Jpring many fmooth.
pale, green Leaves, fmall at the bottoms, but broa
and round at the ends, long and not dented, whicl
lying upon the ground, are almofi like thofe of the
Common Field D aify : the Stalk is round, about a
Foot, more or lefs, high, with divers fmaller Leaves
thereon, fet one by one up to the Top, from whence
come forth many branched Spikes of white Flowers,
confjhng of one Leaf divided into five parts, grow-
ing at firfi as it were in an umble, but afterwards
more J'pike fafhion’d.

VII. The Places. They grow by River fides, fmall
running Brooks, Handing Waters, and Ditch fides
The laft of them grows in the Marfbes of Dartfor
in Kent, alfo between Sandwich and San down -Cafile,
and in the Ditches on this fide Sandwich.

VIII. The Times. They all flower in June and
July, and yield their Seed in Augufl.

IX. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the
fecond Degree, Digeftive, Difcufiive, Attractive and
Diuretick y Stomatick, Hepatick, Nephritick, Hy-
fterick, Alterative, Spermatogenetick.

X. T he .Specification. It is peculiar againft the
Scurvey, to cleanfe the Blood, and open Obftrutti-
ons of the Womb.

XI. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, I. A Difiilled Water. 2. A Spirit. 2 A
liquid Juice. 4. An E fence. 5. A Spirituous Tin-
Shire. 6. An Acid Tintlure. 7. A Saline Tin-
tfure. 8. An Oily Tintlure. 9. A Fixed Salt.
10. A Catqplafm.

The Virtues.

XII. The Difiilled Water from the whole Plant.
It is good againft Stone and Gravel in the Reins,
Ureters, and Bladder, opens ObftruUions of the
Urinary Pafiages, and is ufed as a Vehicle, to con-
vey the other Preparations of the Herb in. Dofe
five or fix ounces twice or thrice a day.

XIII. The Spirit. It is made as Spirit of Scur-
vy-grafs. It is good for a weak Stomach, reftifies
Crudities, and removes Naufeoufnefs and Vomiting,
and other Diftempers of that Bowel, and therefore
is a very effeUual thing againft the Scurvy, which
the Greeks call the Stomach Difeafe, as having its
Root and Foundation there. Dofe thirty or forty
drops in Wine, or fome other proper Vehicle, Morn-
ing and Evening chiefly •, but it may be given at
other times of the Day upon any occafion of Sto-
mach ficknefs. It is an excellent thing in cold Con-
ftitutions •, but fuch as are of a hot habit of Body
are to forbear it.

XIV. The liquid Juice. It is faidtobe effectual
to break the Stone in Reins and Bladder (if made

of a gritty friable fubftance ) and to expell it, for
it opens all the Urinary paffages, and powerfully
provokes Urine, giving eafe in the Strangury, Di-
fury, and other like affeftions of thofe parts. Dofe
from two fpoonfuls to fix, Morning and Evening,
in a Glafs of Ale, Beer, Mead, or Wine.

XV. The Ejfence. It has all the Virtues of the
Liquid Juice, befides which it is profitable againft
Ulcers of the Bladder, to provoke the Terms in Wo-
men, and expell the Dead Child. It is a fingular
thing againft the Dropfie Sarcites, if its impregna-
ted with the Fixed Salt of the Plant, and be daily
given in all the Liquor the Patient drinks. It puri-
nes^ or cleanfes the Blood from all ill humors, and
perfeUlv eradicates the Scurvy in a cold habit of
Body, Univerfals being alfo premifed. It is belt
taken in the Spring time, and Fall of the LeaL, be-
caufe then tht Blood and Humors are thin and tfuxile,
and more apt to pafs a depuration. Dofe from one
ounce to three ounces Morning and Evening.

XVI. The Spirituous Tintlure. It has the Vir-
tues of the Spirit aforementioned, at Se£L XIII. a-
*-oregoing, but much more powerful ^ and may be
given from twenty drops to forty in any proper
Stomatick Vehicle, or Wine.

XVII. The Acid Tintlure. It is a potent Anti-
fcorbutick, and may fafely be given as well in a hot
as a cold Conftitution. It powerfully opens Ob-
Itruflions, provokes Urine, and the Courfes, breaks
and diffolves the Stone, expells Tartarous Matter
out ol the Body, helps in Rheumatifms and the
Gout, and gives eafe in wandring pains running
over the whole Body. Dole fo many drops at a
time, as may make a Glafs of Ale, Beer, Mead, or
Wine gratefully lharp, fo as if the Juice of an O-
ange was fqueezed into it.

XVIII. T be Saline TinSure. This, tho’ given
inwardly, powerfully provokes Urine, and opens
Obftrufdions, yet it is moftly ufed in outward ap-
plications, as to difeufs Swellings in the Legs in
the Dropfie, by fomenting them therewith ; to eafe
pains of the Gout, and to prevent an incipient Gan-
greene. It clears the skin of Scurf, Morphew, and
litch other like defilements, if often walked there-
with.

XIX. The Oily Tintlure. It is good againft the
Palfie, and Convulfions of the Nerves, being often
anointed upon the Parts aftefted. It eales all forts
of Pains in any Part, proceeding from a cold Caufe ;
and being applied to moitt Wounds, it defends them
from Accidents. Being Well anointed upon any
Tumor or Part inclining to a Mortification, it pre-
vents it, and conduces much to the Cure.

XX. The fixed Salt. It is Deobftruffive and
Diuretick, bringing away much Water in Hydro-
pick Perfons, and carrying off much of the Morbi-
fick caufe of the Scurvy, by Urine, being given in
White Port, or Rhemjk Wine , or fome other proper
Vehicle, three, four, or five times a day. Dofe from
fifteen grains to half a dram.

XXL The Cataplafm. It is made of the Leaves
or Herb, boiled, and beaten in a Stone or Wooden
Mortar. Applied to Swollen Legs, or any other
part Tumified with the Dropfie, it is faid to difeufs
or abate the Tumor. It' it is made into a Cata-
plalm, with the addition of Hogs Lard , the Pulp of
Alarjh-mallow Roots , and the ponders of fenugreek
feed and Linfeed , and be applied warm, it takes
away any Swelling in Arms or Legs ; and is alfo
powerful in defending Wounds, fo as to prevent their
Apottumating, and to prevent any other ill accident
which may happen to them, farriers fometimes
ufe it alfo in curing Horfes, to remove Tumors, and
heal their Scabs, with other like Difeafes incident to
them.

CHAP.

Chap. 89. *EngHJb 'Herbs.

121

CHAP. LXXXIX.
BRYONIE White.

I. 1 I 1 HE Earner. It is called in Greek '’Biimms
A >.euxj, i. e. Villa alba, not that it is a Vine,
but becaufe it is fomething like one. Alfo e !UmU
ntuxii, i Bfcw, i. e. emano,fcateo , from putting torch,
becaufe it puts forth many Branches and Tendrells,
whereby it climbs up the adjacent Bullies, Hedges,
Trees, or other things adjoining to it. It is alfo
called by fbme do H'-lejs, becaufe the Seeds or Grains
of it were formerly ufed to take away flair. In
Ambick it is called Eefire , Alfefire , Beffera, andai/-
feffera, : In Latin, Bryonia, and' Bryonia alba, Vitis
alba, V it alba, fic dill a, non quod fit Vitis, fed. quod ei
fimilis, as afbrefaid : alfo ViticeUa , Roraftrum, Apia-
Jiellum : In Englijh, Bryonie, JVhiie Bryonie, and
Wild Vine. The Uva or Berries are many times
called in Englijh, Tettar Berries, becaufe of their
Effects in curing Tettars.

II. The Kinds. There are two principal Kinds
of Bryonie, 1. The White, of which in this Chap-
. 2. The Black, of which in the next. The
White is alfo tlireefold, t. Bryonie alba vulgaris,
Vitis alba vulgaris , with all the names above men-
tioned, Our Common White Bryonie. 2. Bryonia alba
vulgaris fruflu nigro, Vitis alba baccis nigris. White
Bryonie with Black Berries •, Which fome from the
Blacknefs of its Berries call Bryonia Nigra, and Vi-
tis Nigra, but erroneoufly, for this is not the Black
Bryonie, but a Species of the White. 3. Bryonia
Dtcoccos of Honorius Bellas ; Bryonia Cretica macu-
lata, of Bauhin ; Bryonia Cretica , and Cretica Dicoc-
cos, by Parkinfon, White Bryonie with Double Ber
ries.

Vitis alba 'White 'Brn

HI. TheDefcript:on. Tie Common White Bryo-
nie, hat a Root which grows to an exceeding large-
nefs, weighing fometimes half an hundred weight,
and of the bignefs of a Child of a year old , with ma-

ny long Branches or Arms growing Jrom it, rf a pale
whitijh color on ike outfide , and whiter within, of
ajharp, bitter, and fulfqme tajlc. prom ibis Root
proceeds many long , rough, but ' very lender Branches
at the beginning, which as they grow up, climb up
upon Hedges, l i ces, or other Bujhes adjoining to it,
from ihefe Branches come forth many very rough
broad Leaves, divided into five partitions for the
mojl part, in form very much like a Vine leaf but
ft nailer, rougher, and of a whitifh, or hoary green
color, Jpr ending very far upon Trees or Bujhes, op
whatever it is which Jiands next to it : from the
Joints with the Leaves come forth [mall Tendrells
or Clafpers, which twine about whatever fit all thing
Is next it : at thefeveral Joints a/Jv with the Leaves
and Clafpers ( efpecially towards the lops if the
Branches ) come forth a long Stall , bearing thereon
many whilijh Blowers in along Taft, at it were in
a Cluftcr, con fifing of five Jmall Leaves apiece, laid
open like a Star , after which come the Berries, find-
ing more open or feparate one from another than in
a Cl ufler of Grapes : they are green at firfl, but
very red when they are through ripe , about the big-
nejs of Nigbtfhade berries ; of no good or pleafant
fmell, and of a loalhfotn tafe provoking to Vomit, ok
caufing a naujeoufnefs in the Stomach.

lit'ifonij cl '1-Vilrt Vine

IV. The Common White Bryonie with Black f>er-‘
ries, feems to be abfolutely the fame with the f r-
uicrffwe, that the Root of this is of a pale yell, w
color on the in fide, and frmew'ti LrumiJh on the
outfide ; and the Berries after their greennefs is
pafl, change not into a red color , but into a perfett
black, when they are through ripe ; but cu to ail
other parts of the Plant, as in its Ion •, tender, and
climbing Branches, Jorm of its Leave t, Tend 'els or
differs, and Color , Shape, Magniu ■ Mode of
its Blowers, it is exattiy the fame w . ■ the for me r
Jo that one carne t bat known from the other.

V. The Bryonia dicoccos, has a Loot very long
but never growing to be bigger than a Alms Arm,
of a browner color on the outfide , and net fio white
within as the common. Prom this Root Jprirus forth

if many

122

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

many long , rough , trailing Branches , 7//
manner like the former in all refpetls , /mzz which
fpring clafping Tendrels , winding it felf upon any
thing which Rands next it , di etffor does. It ha\
broad Leaves , with fuch divifions therein , the
other have , but that they are fomewhat f mailer , green-
errand firiped with white lines through the middle,
as like wife in the Veins which go to the Corners.
The I lowers arc fomewhat greater than the former,
of a pale whit if) color, funding every one upon a
little longer FootRalk, which being pafl, there comes
Berries in their places, which are at firfi: green,
but red when full ripe, and differing in form from
the others, for funding Semicircular upon the Stalks
they are joined at the bottom, as if it were but one
Berry, but are parted at the tops into two parts,
wherein are contained two Seeds, from whence arofe
the Sirname of Dicoccos.

VI. The P laces. The firfi grows on Banks, or un-
der Hedges where are Trees, Shrubs, and Quickfets,
in many places throughout the Kingdom. They*-
cond is found in like places, but where the former
with red Berries is not, and is found in lome places
in Germany, Bohemia, &c. The lafi grows plenti-
fully in Candia, from whence Honorius Bellas fent
the Seed to Clufuts, and others.

VII. The 'Times. They all flower in the Month
of July and Augufi, fome earlier, fome later, ac-
cording to the Clime they grow in, and the warmth
or coldnefs of the Seafons of the Year -, and their
Fruit or Seed is ripe in fome little time after.

VIII. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the
third Degree, Attractive, Abfterfive, Cephalick, Ne-
phritick, Hylterick, Arthritick, and Cathartick,
purging as well Choler as Phlegm, and Watry Hu-
mors.

IX. The Specification. It is a peculiar thing a-
gainft the Dropfie, and Kings-Evil.

X. The Preparations. You may make therefrom,
i. A Di filled Water of the Root, Berries, and whole
Plant. 2. A Juice of .the Berries. 3. A Juice of
the Root. 4. An E fence of the Root. 5. A Deco-
tlion of the Root. 6. A Syrup of the fame. 7. A
PouAer of the Root. 8. An EleQuary of the Root.
9. A Fcecula thereof. 10. A Pefary of the Root.
11. A Saline Tintture thereof. 12. A Bathe of the
Root, and whole Plant. 13. A Cataplafm of the Root.
14. An Oil, or Ointment.

The Virtues.

XI. The Di filled Water of the whole Plant. It is
good againft Scurf, Morphew, Leprofie, Manginefs,
Spots, Freckles, Tanning, Sun-burning, £?V. the Face
and Skin being often walhed therewith.

XII. The Juice of the Berries. It has all the
fame Virtues, but is much ftronger, and is faid to
be a peculiar thing for the cure of Tettars and Ring-
worms, Herpes, Scabs, Itch, and other breakings
out.

XIII. The Juice of the Root. It is thus Made or
Extracted. In April take away the Earth, and un-
cover the Root ■, which done , make a deep but nar-
row overthwart cut or gafh into it •, and put in- a
Goofe Quill a little under the Slit, letting the Quill
lye f oping or leaning downwards , when thrift into
the Root ■, but firfi make a hole with your Knife to
get in the Quill -, then placing a Receiver under the
Qitill, you will get a great fiore of the Juice, zohich
mil drop thereinto. A fpoonful hereof taken by
fuch as are troubled with bits of the Mother, it
helps them •, and it is likewife profitable againft the
Apoplexy, Epilepfie, Palfie, Vertigo, and other like
Dileafes of the Head and Brain, which it performs
by a Specifick Virtue, which it has in attracting or

drawing away Flegm, and Rheumatick Humors
which opprefs and afflict thofe parts. It may be
alfo ufed as an Errhine up the Noftrils, by which
way alfo it purges the Head and Brain admirably,
evacuating all fuch Superfluous Humors, which
caufe Lethargies, Megrims, Head-ach, or any of the
aforenamed Difeafes afflicting thofe parts.

XIV. The E fence. It has all the Virtues of the
aforementioned Juice, and may be given from half
an ounce to an ounce, more or lefs, according ro the
ige and ftrength of the Patient. It is a peculiar
thing againft the Dropfie, Kings-Evil, Rheumatifms,
and Gout * but it purges with great Violence, trou-
bling the Stomach, fo that it works both upwards
and downwards, and therefore according to the
Opinion of Authors, it ought to be corrected with
Ginger, Cinnamon, Winters Cinnamon, Nutmegs,
Cloves, Pepper, Juice of Quinces, &c. It is very
profitable againft Watry Humors, which it evacu-
ates abundantly, both by Vomit and Stool, and
therefore is a peculiar thing againft the Dropfie, C9V.

It may be mixed with White Port Wine, and fo
drank. It opens ObftruCtions of the Urinary parts,
provokes Urine, and cleanfes the Reins and Ureters
from Sand, Gravel, Slime, and other Vifcous and
Tartarous Matters apt to be lodged in thofe parts.

It opens ObftruCtions of the Spleen, and takes a-
way the hardnefs and fwelling thereof It is good
( being outwardly applied ) to cleanfe the Skin of
Scurf, Morphew, Leprofie, Scabs, Itch, Manginefs,
Herpes, Tettars, Ring-worms, Freckles, Lentils,
black and blew Spots, which come from falls, brui-
fes, and the like, and diftblves new Swellings, and
expells the dead Child.

XV. The Decotfion of the Root in Wine. It has
all the Virtues of the Eftence, but not full out fo
powerful, and therefore ought to be given in a lar-
ger Dofe, as from one ounce to two, three, or four,

1 according to age and ftrength. It is an excellent
thing againft Hyfterick Fits, and Vapors in Women,
for it opens ObftruCtions of the Womb powerfully,
and facilitates the birth of Women in Travel, but
you ought to be fure the time is near, left it do
mifehief j let it be corrected with hot Spices in the
making, as before directed, becaufe they alfo pro-
mote this end.

XVI. The Syrup. It may be made either of the
Juice, Effence, or DecoCtion, according to which, it
will be of more or lefs ftrength. It has all the
Virtues of thofe things of which it is made, but
not altogether fo effectual, becaufe of its being clog-
ged with fuch a quantity of Honey or Sugar, which
is neceflary to bring it into a Syrup. But it is bet-
ter for Women and Children, and Quaffle Stomachs,
becaufe of its pleafantnefs in taking. It is good a-
gainft Coughs, Colds, fhortnefs of Breath, Afthma’s,
and kills Worms in the Body : Dofe, one, two, or
three ounces in a Glafs of Wine.

XVII. The Pouder of the Root. It has the Virtues
of the Juice and Elfence, but is thought to work
ftronger : being taken in White Port Wine, from a
a fcruple to a dram, it is good againft the bitings
of Venomous Creatures, and kills Worms in Chil-
dren ; prevails againft the Gout, Rheumatifm, Drop-
fie, and King’s-Evil, and provokes the Terms in
Women, but it ought not to be given to Women
with Child, becaule it may induce mifearriage or
Abortion. If it is thus compounded, it becomes a
famous M edicament. JJi. Bryonie Root in fine pou-
der a pound: Sc ammo ny twelve ounces : Cambogiunt
in pouder eight ounces : Liquorice in pouder fix
ounces : Aurum Vita four ounces : mix all together.
Dofe from fixteen Grains to half a Dram. It is a
famous thing for the cure of the Gout, Sciatica,
Rheumatifm, Dropfie, Jaundice, and King’s-EviL

Where

Chap.( 90. EngUjh Herbs.

12-1

Where a Rheumatifm has been fo vehement: that the
Patient has roared out Night and Day with the Ve-
hemency and Extremity of the pain, and has lain
Bedrid for two whole Years together, not being able
to ufeHand or Foot, or in the lealt help themfelves,
not fo much as to put their Hand to their Mouths-,
this Medicament, or Compofition, being given but
five or fix times, has perfectly reftored them, be-
yond all expectation. 1 commend it againft a Rheu-
matifm, as a Compofition which has no equal in
the whole Republick of Medicine.

XVIII. 'The Elettuary. TC Ponder of Bryonie
Roots, four ounces : Scammorty in yonder. Liquorice
in ponder, of each two ounces : Cloves, Ginger, in
ponder, of each one ounce : Nutmegs in ponder, Ze-
doary , of each half an ounce : Tartar vitriolate two
ounces- and half : Honey clarified, thirty fix ounces :
mix and make an Elettuary. It cures the Scurvy,
Dropfie, and Gout ^ and is an admirable thinga-
gainlt the King’s-Evil : It produces the Terms in
Women, and expels the Dead Child } and cleanfes
the Stomach, and other Bowels, of Cold, Raw,
Windy, Slimy, Tartarous and Griping Humors:
Dofe, in a Bolus, from one dram to two drams in
the Morning failing.

XIX. The Fcecula. Jt has the Virtues of the
Juice and Effence, but not altogether fo violent ;
it may be given, fay Authors, from five to ten
grains -, but in ltrong Bodies you may give it from
ten grains to twenty : mix it with Honey, the Pulp
of a Prune or Roafted Apple, or fome fiich like
fubftance, and fo let it be taken in the Morning :
being mixed with die Diftilled Water or Effence,
or any other proper Wafh, it cleanfes the Skin, and
takes away Wrinkles, Freckles, Lentils, Spots, black
and blew Marks, Tanning, Sun-burning, and the
like -, let it be laid upon the Skin, and fuffered to
dry on.

XX. The Pejfary. It is made of the folid fub-*
ftance of the Root : being put to the Womb, it pro-
vokes die Terms in Women, opens Obftru&ions of
the Womb, and educes both Birth and After-birth, as
alfo the Dead Child.

XXL The Saline TinttUre. Taken inwardly to
a dram, or more, in fome proper Liquor, it pro-
vokes the Terms, and facilitates the Birth : and out-
wardly applied, it removes all the Vices and Defor-
mities of the Skin, as efte&ually as either Effence
or Fcecula. You mult wafh therewith, and fuffer it
to dry on, repeating it feveral times a day, if the
Difeafe is inveterate.

XXII. The hath of the Root and whole Plant.
It is peculiar againft all external Defamations of
the Skin ^ as alfo to open Obftruftions of the Womb,
and educe the Terms, and to cleanfe it from all
other Recrements of Humors, the Patient fitting
for fome time therein, and repeating it, if need
be.

XXIII. The Cataplafm of the Root. Being bruifed
and applied Cataplal'm-wife to any place where
Bones are broken, it helps to draw them forth : and
being mixt with a little Wine, and applied, it breaks
Boils, and draws forth Pufhes, and is good againft
Felons and Whitloes, which infeft the Fingers ends,
and Roots of the Nails. It is alfo good to cleanfe
the Skin from Morphew, Lepfofie, Scabs and Man-
. ginels.

XXIV. The Oil or Ointment. It is made by boil-
ing the bruifed Root in Oil Olive, or Hogs-Lard,
or Oil mixt with Beef or Mutton Suet, Lfc. they
being anointed with it, diffolve or difeufs recent Tu-
mors, help Contufions, and take away black and
blew Marks which come from blows or falls $
and withal remove moft of the other deformities
of the Skin, if applied tor fome realbnable
time.

CHAP. XC.

BRYONIE Black.

1. ' fl ' HE Names. It is called in Greek ’'a^a©-

-I- /l/.sa ail'd, BfvuyicL (Airaiva : 111 Latin, Vi Its

nigra, and Bryonia nigra : In Eng/ifb, Black Bryo-
nia.

II. The Kinds. There are three kinds of this :
i- \Nmr©- dyex*, and Vitis Sylvcfir is, and'

I Otis nigra, Bryonia nigra, Bryonia nigra Sylvcfir is,
Bryonia mgr a communis, Sig ilium . S anti a Maria:,
Common Black Bryonie : but why it lhould be cal-
led Vitis Sylvefiris , or Wild Vine, I know not, be-
caufe there is a Vitis Sylvefiris, which is Vinifera,
and differs but little from the true manured Vine,
but that it grows Wild, and bears few Or no Grapes
but Pliny I fuppofe was the caufe of it, who, lib. 23.
cap. 1. being not able to diftinguilh them, con-
founded ’em, and made them all one. 2. Bryonia
nigra Baccifera, Black Bryonie with fingle Ref
Berries : This Bauhinus in his Prodromus calls Bryo-
nia Sylvefiris Baccifera, and in his Pinax, Bryonia
Uvk, five nigra Baccifera. 3. Bryonia nigra Dicfco-
ridis, Vitis nigra, ( ita ditta ab acinis, radieeque
nigris, Lf quod Vitis fimilit udinem habet : ) Vi-
tis Chironia, The true Black Bryonie of Diof-
corides.

III. The Defcription. It has a Root widich ii
brownifh, or enc lining to hlackifh on the out fide, iri
fome places by long fianding, but white within \ it
is large f it grows in moifi grounds ■, but much
f mailer and whiter, ij it grows in dry, hard, and
flony places, as DaleCh'ampius fays, fomewhat hot,
and cf a Jhatp tafie : hrom this Root ciriJeS long
trailing Branches* without any clafping tend re Is ■,
but by reafo'n of the vafi number of Branches, and
their tender nejs, it takes hold of, and climbs ujo'n
thofe things which fiand next to it, tbo 5 Cafie to be
loofed therefrom , contrary to the other kinds. The
R 2 Leaves

1 24 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I,

Leaves are fomewhat broadband, like unto the Leaves
of the rough or prickly Bindweed, and terminate in
a Jkarp point. The Flowers come forth at the Joints
upon long Stalks , many clufering together , m long ,
tain, or J'parfed Clufers , each one confijhng of five
fmall white Leaves , and after they arc fallen , there
come in their places fmall Berries, firjl green, and
red when they are ripe , and fometimes changing a
little blackifh as they grow old.

IV. The iecond Kind, bar a great thick Root ,
long, and not much unlike the former, having a clam-
my kind of Juice : front which rifes up many, long,
and fquare Branches , more hard and woody than the
other, an 1 without any Clafpers at all. 1 he Leaves
are fomewhat like to thofe of the Great White Bind-
weed, of a fining color, a little unevenly dented
about the edges, and funding upon long Loot folks :
towards the lops of the Stalks at the Joints, with the
Leaves come forth white blowers, every one fund-
ing on a fhort Stalk, which afterwards give five
Jingle Berries, green at the firft, and red when they
are ripe, not much lefs than Cherries , in which are
contained four or five fomewhat large, round, and
black Seed.

V. The third and laft Kind, has a Root fomewhat
great and blackifh on the out fide, but of a yellowif
color within , and full of a clammy moifi Juice,
which will cleave to your Lingers : whence comes
forth many long green Branches, on which grow fe-
veral broad Leaves, fomewhat long pointed, and not
divided on the edges at all, of a fid or dark green
color, having at the Joints, with the Leaves, clafping
tendrels, by zvhich it takes hold, and winds it felf
about any thing which funds next to it. Towards
the tops come forth long Bunches of whitifh Moffie
f lowers, which being paf, there come Berries, which
are green at firf , and black when they come to ripe-
nefs.

VI. The T laces. The firft of thele grow on Bank-
fides, and under Hedges, and W oody places in many
places throughout this Kingdom. The fecond
grows in feveral places in Germany, as in Hejfia,
Saxony, Wefpha/ia , Pomerania, and other places
where the White grows not : the laft grows in
Gracia, Italy, Spain , and feveral Southern Coun-
tries, and is not with us unlefs nourifhed up in
Gardens.

VII. The Times. They fpring in March, and
flower in May, June and July, and their bruit is
ripe in Augufi and September.

VIII. The Vitalities. They are the fame with the
White, but much weaker in their Cathartick Vir-
tue, as in purging Flegm, Choler, and Watry Hu-
mors.

IX. The Specification. It prevails againft the
Dropfie, King’s-Evil, Difeafes of the Womb, and
Defilements of the Skin, whatfoever.

X. The Preparations. 1. The roafed Root. 2. The
Juice. 3. The E fence. 4. The Decoction. $. The
Ponder. 6. The Cataplafm. 7. The Fcecula.

The Virtues.

XI. The roafed Root. Matthiolus fays, that the
Root of our Common Black Bryonie being roafted
in the Embers, and eaten, is a powerful Medicine
to increafe Luft, provoke Venery, and ftimulate the
Inftruments of Generation to that aft : but Lobe l
lharply reproves him for it, as not believing it.

XII. The Juice. Mixed with Wine and Honey,
and drunk, it is good againft the King’s-Evil : and
fimple of it felf, it cleanfes the Skin of Spots and
Marks, Morphew, Scurf, Leprofie, Tettais, Ring-
Worms, &c. it eafes Pain, ftrengthens the Nerves,
difeuftes Contufions,£?V. Dofe half an ounce, to one
ounce, or more.

XIII. The Effence. It purges Flegm, and Watry
Humors, provokes Urine, and is good againft the
Falling-ficknefs, Palfie, Hyfterick Fits, Vapors ftom
the Spleen and Womb, with other like Difeafes of
thofe parts. It is prevalent againft the King’s-Evil,
all forts of Kernels, Knots, and hard Swellings in
the Neck and Throat, or other parts. Dofe, two
three, or four fpoonfuls in a Gials of Wine, accord-
ing to age and ftrength.

XIV. The DecoUwn in Wine. It has the Virtues
of the Effence, but not altogether fo powerful, and
may be taken to fix or eight ounces : it is preva-
lent againft the Dropfie, Jaundice, and King’s-Evil
and fuch other Difeafes as proceed from the Pleni-
tude and Corruption of Humors.

XV. The Pouder. It is made of the Root, and
may be given from a fcruple to two fcruples, to
purge away Cold, Serous Flegmatick, and Watry
Humors, and to remove the Original Caufe of the
King’s-Evil : It has the Virtues of the Effence.

XVI. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Root
beaten to a Pulp in a Mortar, and mixed with a lit-
tle Honey. This being laid or lpread upon Sheeps
Leather, whilft it is yet frefh and green, takes away
black or blew Marks, and all Scars and Deformi-
ties of the Skin, ripens and breaks hard Apoitems,
draws forth Splinters, Thorns, and broken Bones,
diffolves congealed Blood j and being applied to
the Hips, and Huckle-bones in the Sciatica, Shoul-
ders, Arms, or other parts, where there is great
Pains and Weaknefs, it effectually removes the lame
in a very fhort time : Gerard. And applied to any
place out of Joint, it is good to eafe the Pain, to
confolidate and ftrengthen the Nerves, that they
may not eafily again be put out of their places. Par -
kinfon.

XVII. A Cataplafm of the Leaves. Being bruifed
and fprinkled with Wine, and applied to the galled
Necks of Oxen, which are hurt with the Yoke, it
heals , them : I fuppofe it will heal Gallings and
Sores in Mankind alfo, being applied.

XVIII. A Cataplafm of the Berries. It removes
Sun-burnings, Tanning, Spots, and other blemifhes
of the Skin, takes away black and blew Marks,
which come from falls, blows, bruifes, Ef c. being
applied to them.

XIX. The Pcecula. It has the Virtues of the Pou-
der and Effence, is very powerful to the purpofes
intended it is prevalent againft Pfora, or Scabs,
Manginefs, Leprofie, King's-Evil, Dropfie, Ef c. Dofe.
It may be given in Wine or Broth from ten grains
to a fcruple, plus minus , according to the age and
ftrength of the Patient.

CHAP. XCI.
BUCKS-HORN.

[. '“y' II E Names. It is called in Greek Kcfaiw*?,
X from the fimilitude it has to a Crows foot :
but the true Greek name is : the Latins

call it Cornu Cervi, or Cervinum, Coronopus Ruellij,
Herba Stella, ( both, from the form of the Leaves )
Sanguinana and Sanguinalis ( from its Hopping of
Blood : ) Harenaria, ( from the Sandinefs of the
place it grows in : ) and Nafurtium Verrucarium,
( from the likenefs of its Seeds to Warts : ) And we
in Eng/if) call it, Bucks-horn, Swines Creffes, and
Wart Creffes.

II. The Kinds. It is twofold, 1. Coronopus refla
Ruellij , Amfrofia Matthioli , Upright Bucks-horn,

or

Chap. 92. lingiijh

or Wart Creis. 2. Coronopus repens Ruelii y, Pfeu-
docoronopus Dodonxi, Cornu Cervi alt e rum Vulgi \
Creeping Bucks horn, or Wart Crefs.

III. The Defcription. The firfl has a final!, long ,
white Root , with many fibres thereat , running deep
into the ground , the tafie of which is fomewhat like
to the Garden Crefs , but much milder, from this
Root come forth feveral Branches , which grow up-
right, but not very high •, which Branches are alfo
branched forth into others that are f mailer : upon
which grow very many fmall , long , divided or.

cut green Leaves , <?// tf/ew/ o;? both fides of them ,
whofe cuts very much refemble the f nags of a Bucks

horn, or of Jome of the Leaves of the Garden Crefs .
Inc flowers grow among the Leaves , coming forth
will) them at, the Joints , theyy conic forth in fmall
rough Cl ufters, and are fmall and white, or of an
berby green fh color, many of them fet upon a fmall
long footfla/k, one above another : which being pad,
there come in place, fmall, flattifh, rough, round
husks, feme thing fefe milling rough or [ceded 1 Van s,
which divide ibemft elves into two parts, and contain
m each of them a fmall brownijh Seed.

IV7. Ambrofia, or Coronopus repens, is altogether
like the former, faving in the manner of its grow-
ing : It is a fmall low herb, mod ufually creeping
with many long Branches , and fpre tiding a great way,
almoji round about, upon the ground ( yet in fome
places funding more upright ■: This Creeping kind
never rifes above four or five Inches high, but the
trailing Branches are fur nifhed with fuch like Leaves
and f lowers ns the former, which have a tafie a lit-
tle like Creffes. It is many tunes ufed to be eaten ax
./ Sal/ct Herb , with Salt, Oil, and Vinegar, and that
both rate and boiled.

V. The Places. They grow almoft every where
round about London, and in many other parts of' the
Kingdom in moift Grounds, and at the foot of
Banks, where there is any low Trench, or places
continually plafhed with Water : fometimes by
Highway fides, efpecially in thofe places where
flogs frequent, from whence* as is fuppofed, they
were called Swines Creffes.

VI. The Times. They flower and feed all May,
June, and July and their green Leaves abide frelh
in a manner all Winter.

VII. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the
firlt Degree * Aftringent, Ablferfive, Digeffive, Car-
minative .and Vulnerary •, Cephalick, Stomatick,
Pefloral,- Hepatick, and Hylterick * Alterative, A-
lexipharmick, and Spermatogenetick.

VIII. The Specification. They are faid to be pe-
culiar for taking away Warts, for that the Seed bear
the perfect fignature of the Warts upon a Man’s
Hand.

IX. The Preparations. Yon may make therefrom,
1. A Liquid Juicel 2. An Effence. 3. A Deco -
Sion. 4. A Balfam or Ointment. 5. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

X. The Liquid Juice. Given to three or four
ounces, it is Traumarick, or contributes to the more
fpeedy cure of Wounds and Ulcers, more efpecial-
ly in Scorbutick and CacheUick habits of Body :
made thick with fine Bole, and applied, it flops
bleeding. .

XI. The Effence. It {Lengthens the Head, Sto-
mach, Liver, Womb-, and Joints, and is of lingular
good ufe againft the Scurvy, Cachexia, and difafte-
flions of the Womb. It repreffes Vapors, and is
good againft Fits of the Mother. It is alfo Trau-
matick* having all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice<
Dole from one ounce to three, Morning and Even-
ing, either by it felf, or mixt with a Glafs of
Wine.

XII. The Decotfion. If made in Wine, it is a
good Stomatick, and Hepatick, has the Virtues of
the Effence, but not all out fo powerful : and ex-
ternally applied to Wounds, it cleanfes, dries, and
contributes to their healing, and withal reprefles
the flux of Humors into the part, hindering Pain
and Inflammations.

XIII. The Balfam or Ointment. It is an excellent
thing for healing of green Wounds, which it fpeedi-
ly performs : it alfo cleanfes, incarnates, dries and
heals old Ulcers, or running Sores, (Lengthens the

parts

1 2 6 Salmon s

parts afflicted, and makes them able to refill a flux
of' Humors falling upon them.

XIV. The Catap/afn. Being applied it has ( fays
Mot thiol us ) an adllringent and repelling power :
and therefore mull neceflarily reperculs Humors,
abate Inflammations, eafe Pain, and ftrengthen the
part, elpecially in the Gout, Sciatica, and other
like DifaffeUions : Applied upon Warjfs, it cures
them.

CHAP. XCII.
BUGLE.

I. np HE Kernes. This is a Plant unknown to
JL the Greeks as far as I can find * and there-
fore has no Greek name : It is called in Latin Bu-
gulti , and Bug.it tuni, Confqhda media , and Solidago
minor : Matthiolus calls it Laurentina , and Her bo
Laurentina : And in Englifh , Bugle, middle Con-
found, and by forne Sickle wort.

II. The Kinds. Authors make fix kinds of this
Plant, but all that grow with us, are referred unto
two, i. Bug la vulgaris , Bug l a fore Caruleo , Com-
mon Bugle, or Bugle with a Blew Flower •, this
Tragus calls, Trunclla c dirule a prim a , vel major :
but moll Writers call it, Confoltda media pratenfis
cxrulca. 2. Bugula flore albo , Bugle with a White
Flower.

III. The Defcription. The firlt of thefe has a
flringy Root, fpreading under the Earth round a-
bout, like unto Money-wort , or Penny-royal , from
whence rifes up a hairy fjuare Stalk , about a foot or
foot and half high. It has Leaves long fat, and oleous,
ILrthofcof Prunella or Self-heal, but larger, and
a Tittle longer ; fome green on the upper fide , others
more browmfh , a little dented about the edges , and
fomewhat hairy. The Stalk is alfo fet with fitch like
LeaveSy ■which Jhnd thereon by Couples, from the

Herbal. Lib. I.

middle almoft whereof upwards , ftand the flower s
together in roundles , compaJJing the Stalk , of a fair
blew color , with Leaves alfo , but f mailer ana brown-
er than thofe on the Stalk below : thefe Leaves and
Flowers are fet at difiances , leaving between every
roundle bare or void /paces. Among the Flowers are
alfo fmall ones , or thofe of Self-heal, of a blewifh ,
and fometimes of an Aff) -color, fajhioned like the
Flowers of Ale-hoof or Ground-Ivy : which being
paft, there fuccceds fmall , round , blackifh Seed.

IV. Bugula flore albo, Bugle with a white flower
differs not in its form or magnitude , either in its
Roots , Stalks, Leaves , Flowers or Seeds, from the
former , excepting in the color of the Stafks and
Leaves, that thefe are always green, and never brown
cif the former • and in the color of the Flowers , that
they are always White.

V. The Places. They grow in Woods and wet
Copfcs and Fields, generally throughout England -y
but the latter is not fo common to be met withal :
Gerard fays, that he found the firft of thefe Plants
in a moift ground upon Black Heath near London ,
and near a Village called Charlton , but the Leaves
were green, and not brown.

VI. The Times. They flower from May until
July, perfecting their Seed in the mean feafon : But
the Root and the Leaves next unto it, lying as it
were upon the Ground, remain all the Winter until
the next Spring.

VII. The flight jes. They are Temperate as to
heat or cold, and dry in the firft Degree : A ftr in-
gent, Abllerfive, Incarnative, Traumatick or Vulne-
rary Neurotick, Stomatick,' Hepatick, and Altera-
tive.

VIII. The Specification. They are peculiar for the
Cure of Wounds and Ulcers.

IX. The Preparations. You may make therefrom,

I. A liquid Juice. 2. A n E (fence. 3. A Decottion.
4. A Syrup. 5. A Diflilled Water. 6. A Spiritu-
ous Tintture. 7. An Acid Tintture. 8. An Oily
Tintture. 9. A Saline Tintture. 10. A Lotion .

II. An Ointment. 12. A Balfam. 13. A Cata-
plafm. 14. A Fixed Salt.

The Virtues.

X. The Liquid Juice. It is excellent for fuch as
are Livergrown, or troubled with the Rickets : It
ftrengthens the whole Body, and being drunk in-
wardly to two, three, or four ounces at a time, it
contributes to the healing of old Ulcers, running
Sores, and Fiflula’s, and to the uniting of broken
Bones, and Corroborating any Member out of
Joint.

XL The Ejfence. It Dries and Aftringes mode-
rately, and is of good ufe for fuch as have got a fall,,
and are inwardly bruifed, for that it diflolves the
congealed Blood, and difperfes it. It has all the
Virtues ofthe Liquid Juice, and is very effe&ual to
ftrengthen the inward parts, and to caufe to heal all
manner of running Sores, foetid Ulcers, and Fiftu-
la’s, whether they be old or new. Dofe five or
fix fpoonfuls in aGlafs of Red Port Wine.

XII. The Decottion in Wine. It has the Virtues
of the Juice and Eflence, but not full out fo power-
ful : it is good to cleanfe old running Sores and
Ulcers, by wafhing them therewith.

XIII. The Syrup. Whether it is made of the
Herb, or of its Juice, it is an excellent thing again#
Coughs, Colds, Hoarfnefs, Wheezings, fhortnefs of
Breath, difficulty of breathing, Sorenefs of the Breft
and Stomach, and other Diltempers of thole parts :
it lfops Ipitting of Blood, and cures Ulcers of the
Lungs.

XIV. The Diflilled Water. It is a good Vehicle

' to

Chap. 93.

ID

Herb

vs.

2 y

to convey the other things in : But mixed, witli half
its quantity of the Juice or Effence, it is good to
walh a Sore or Ulcerated Mouth, and to cure fuch
Sores or Ulcers which happen in the Secret Parts ot
Men or Women.

XV. The Spirituous Tmtlurc. It heals admirably
any Sore or Ulcer, whether inward or outward. In
Ulcers of the Lungs it may be mixed with the
Syrup aforenamed, thus : fV of the /aid Syrup , one
ounce : of the diftilled Water an ounce and half :
of the Tincture two drams : mix for a Ttofe to Jie gi-
ven in Ulcers of the Lungs. Outwardly mixed with
the Juice or Effence , it cleanfes old Ulcers, Incar-
nates and heals, and fometimes heals fimple Wounds
at once or twice drelfing ■, you may make it thus :
Th of the Juice or Ejjence four ounces : of the Syrup
an ounce and half : of this Tintlure one ounce : mix
them , to wajh the Ulcer withal.

XVI. The AcidTintlure. It is an admirableithing
againft inward Wounds, Thrufts, or Stabs into the
Body or Bowels, and is excellent to be mixed with
all Wound Drinks, and to be given mixed with the
Syrup, againft the Rickets in Children : It flops the
running of Gangreens, being applied ; and opens
Obftruffions of the Liver, and Gall ; and is good to
be mixed with Walhes for fore Mouths and Throats.
Dofe inwardly from thirty to forty drops, in any
fpecifick Vehicle.

XVII. The Oily Tintlure. It cures Wounds at a
few times dreffing, but chiefly Wounds of the
Nerves, for which it is a Sovereign thing : If a
Nerve is ptickt or wounded, it prefently eafes the
pain, and prevents the return of Convulfions upon
that account.

XVIII. The Saline TinSure. It is cleanfing, and
is good to walh and bathe thofe parts which are
apt to break out with Botches, Boils, Scabs, Itch,
Scurf, Morphew, and other Defcedations of the
Skin.

XIX. The Lotion. It is made of the Juice thus :
5l Clarified Juice of Bugle a pint : Honey three oun-
ces : Allum fix drams : mix and diffblve over a
gentle fire. It is good to wafh inveterate and run-
ning Sores with, which are very foul, and have
been of long continuance ; and it is as powerful
and effeftual to heal all running and ftinking Ulcers
in the Secret Parts of both Men and Women, and
is an excellent Gargle for curing Sores, and Cankers
in the Mouth and Throat.

XX. The Ointment. It is made of the Leaves of
Bugle two parts : of Self-heal , Sanic/e, and Sca-
bious, of each one part -, bruifed and boiled in Hogs
Lard , or in a mixture of equal parts of Sheeps Suet ,
and Oil Olive , until the herbs are crifp , and then
ftrained forth, and kept for ufe. It is a very good
thing for healing any frelh or green Wound, tho’
lacerated, torn, or bruifed •, it brings it to digeftion,
cleanfes, incarnates, and fpeedily heals it. Parkin-
fon fays, that he could wilh that all the good Wo-
men and Ladies, that defile to do good to their own
Families, or their poor Neighbours, not to be with-
out this Ointment, always ready prepared, and ar
hand by them.

XXL The Balfam. It has the Virtues of the
Ointment, but more digeftive, cleanfing, and i near-
native, and therefore more fit for complicated
Wounds, which are accompanied with Contufions,
Dilacerations, and other ill Symptoms.

XXII. The Cataplafm. Made of the green Herb,
it is good to abate Inflammations, and other hot
Swellings in the Neck, Throat, and other Parts. It
difeufles Contufions, dilfolves congealed Blood, and
is profitably applied to thole Parts which are hurt
by any blow or tall : It is alfo profitable to be ap
plied to all forts of Ulcers, whether recent or in-

veterate, walhing the lame alio with the Lotion
preferibed in Sett. 19. aforegoing, eterytime you
drefs them. It is good to be applied to broken
Bones, and Dillocations, where the parts have been
long out of Joint, and have been ohen reduced, and
fall out again by realon ofWeaktiefs: but as thele
things ought to applied outwardly, fo the Elfence,
or Juice, ought to.be tiled all along inwardlv, to
corroborate the Tone of the Parts.

XXIII. The Fixed Salt. It is opening, cleanfing,
and diuretick, removes all Tartatous matter out of
the Reins, Ureters, and Bladder : and raken to one
fcruple with the Elfence, it is good to heal Wounds,
and Ulcers of the Urinary parts.

CHAP. XCIII.
O/BUGLOSS Garden.

I. ' [ A H E Names. It is called in Greek , Blytoaw,
X ( but it is rather the name of Borage, for fo
the Greeks called that Plant, and this our Buglofs
was rather the l.effer Buglofs ; alfo Aiix»4«, with
■Dodonsus : which Parkinjon fays was unknown ro
the Ancients. In Latin , Buglqffum : and in Englijh
Buglofs ( after the Latin name. )

II. The Kinds. There are feveral forts of it, as,

1. The Garden, which is Bug/offum Hortenfe.

2. Bugloffa SylveJJns , Wild Buglofs. 7. Echium,
Vipers Buglofs. 4. Wall .rid Stone Buglofs. y. Pl-
utonium, Marjh Buglofs : (Ji thefe laft four we (hall
treat in the four next Chapters. 6. Anchufa Al-
kanet, of which we have treated in Chap. 8. afore-
going.

BVGLOJ5A.

III. The Garden Kind , of which we treat in this
Chapter, is twofold, viz. i. AdjsAJ.tr, I ' ' . Bag-

lojum Vulgare, which is the Greater Bug S/s,
2. BugloJJum Luteum, which is the Lrffcr Eug 'ojs,

and.

1 28 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

and by feme called Ox-Tongue , or Garden Ox-
Tongue.

IV. The Defer! ption. Our Common Buglofs hau
a Root which is black without , and whit if}) within ,
long, thick , and full of a Jlimy Juice ( as the Leaves
alfo are ) which continues and penfhes not every
Lear , as the Root of Borage does -, from this Root
comes up Jeveral long , narrow , hairy, whitifh green
Leaves, among which rife up two or three very
high Stalks, branched at the top, whereon fand many
blew Flowers, confifing of five fmall round pointed
Leaves, with a fmall Point el in the middle, which
are very fnooth , fhining, and of a reddifh purple,
Uobilfi they are Buds, and not blown open, which be-
ing fallen, there grows in the green Husks, in which
the Flowers food, three or four roundifh black Seeds,
having that Thread or Point el, funding fill in the
middle of them.

V. The Lcffer Buglofs, which fome will have to be
Ox-tongue, « much lcffer than the former , the Roots
are long and creeping m the ground : and the Leaves i
are very rough, and rougher indeed than the former,
like the rough Tongue of an Ox or Cow, ( whence came
the name ) the Stalk is about two Feet high , more or
lefs, and commonly of a reddifh color : at the top of the
Branches grow the Flowers in rough, Jcaly heads, which
Flowers are compofed of many fmall yellotv LetFVes,
much like thofe of Dandelion, and fly away in Down
like as they do, thefe Flowers are bitter of tafe,
whence Lobel calls it, Bugloffum Echioides luteum
Hieracio cognatum.

VI. The Places. The firfl is only nurfed up in
Gardens, lo alfo is the feCond : but this latter is
found to grow wild in many places, as between
Redriff and Deptford, by watry Ditch fides, as Ge-
rard lays.

VII. The Times. They flower in May, June, and
July, to the end of Summer, and the Seed ripens
in the mean Seafon.

VIII. As to their Qualities, Specification, Prepa-
rations, Virtues and Ufes, they are altogether the
lame with thofe of Garden Borage, of which we
have treated before in Chap. 83. to which you are
referred. But this is to be noted in Buglofs , that its
Roots are much more Mucilaginous, Vifcous, or
Clammy than thofe of Borage, and therefore are
held not to be fo convenient for opening Apozems :
but the faid Juice being made into a Lohoch or
Licking El e iluary, may be prevalent againlt the
Cough, Koarfnefs, and Colds, and to condenfate
thin Diftillations or Flegm upon the Lungs.

CHAP. XCIV.

Oy"BUGLOSS Wild, or Ox-Tongue.

I. ' | v H E Names. It is called in Greek yruojov
X : in Latin, Bugloffum Sylveftre : and

in Englifh, Wild or Field Buglofs, or Ox-Tongue.

II. The Kinds. There are leveral Species of the
Wild Buglofs, as 1. Bugloffum Sylve fire majus, fiore
nigra. The Great Wild Buglofs. 2. Bugloffum Syl-
veftre minus. The Small Wild Buglofs. ' 3. Bug-
Elf tm Sylveftre minus Afperum , Rough Wild Bug-
lofs. 4. Bugloffum dulcc, ex lnfulis Lancafiria,
Sweer, or Lancafhire Buglols.

III. The Defcription. The firft of thefe differs
little front the Garden Buglofs, but in its great nefs,
this being larger in every part : and in the color of
the Flowers, which are of fo deep a purple color, that
they are accounted as black.

IV. The lecond Kind, has a fmall long Root : its
Leaves are fomewhat broad, fhort, and rough, J mailer
than cither the former Wild Kind, or the Garden
Kind, and fomething more unevenly dented on the
edges : the Flowers grow at the Tops, of a blewifh
purple color, but f mailer than the former, and the
Seeds grow three or four together, and blackifh alfo ,
like the other kinds.

V. The Rough Wild Buglofs, has a Root like the
former , but its Leaves are much rougher than any
of the other Kinds, and fharper or f mailer towards
their ends the Flowers on the Tops of the Bran-
ches, are more like the Flowers of Galioplis, or (bak-
ing Dead Nettle, than of any of the other forts of
Buglofs : in fome Plants they are of a blewifl) pur-
ple color, and in fome they are ivhite, but both colors
are never found in one Plant.

VI. The Lancafhire Buglofs, has a great Root,
blackifh on t he out fide, and divided downwards, in
fever al large Arms or Branches. From whence fhoots
forth many flender Stalks , a Foot and half high, more
or lefs. The lower Leaves whereof next the ground,
are much lcffer than thofe of Borage, and of a whiter
green, and fomewhat rough but thofe which grow
on the Stalks are leffer , having the Flowers fet at the
Joints with them, whofe Buds before they are blown
are of a reddifh color, but when they are open, of a
blewujh purple, fomewhat like thofe of Vipers’ Bug-
lofs, or between them and Borage Flowers, of a
very fweet, or Honey like Tafe.

V II* The Places. The firft, fecond and third grow
Wild in leveral Countries, and are fonietimes
found growing Wild in England. Th q fourth was

found by Mr. Hesket growing in one of the Iflands
about Lancafhire.

VIII. The Times. They all flower in June and
July, and their Seed comes to ripenefs in a fhort
time after, the Seed growing ripe, even in the time
of Flowering.

IX. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations ^
Virtues and Ufes , are moftly the fame with thofe'

of

Chap. 95. 'Englijh Herbs. 129

of Borage , but efpecially with thofe of Vipers Bug-
Infs, of which we treat in Chap. 9;. next follow-
ing.

CHAP. XCV.

O/BUCLOSS Vipers.

I. ' I ' H E Names. It is called in Greek ,

-I- ’AtjugiaAor, £ ’Aa Kigi.v ; and ill Latin , Echi-
um , Alcibiadion , Alcibwn , &1 Alcibiacum. , ( from the
firft finder of it out, who being bitten by a Viper,
and gathering this Herb, and chewing it, and fwal-
lowing down the Juice, and applying the reft of
the Herb to the bitten place, was cured thereby )
it is alfo called Bugloffum Viperitmm , and Sylvejtre
Vtperinum , as fome fay, from the effects of the
Roots in curing the bitings of Serpents ; but as
others fay, from the color of the Stalks which are
fpeckled like a Serpents, skin : In Englijh Vipers
Buglqfs. Apuleius faith, that the Greeks called it
alfo Theriornzon , Radix Viperea ■, and

■EjpW, from the form of the Seed, which, as Diof-
coridcs fays, is like the Head of a Viper ; whence
came the name Ecbium.

II. The Kinds. Authors make twelve feveral
■Kinds of Vipers Buglofs , of all which, two only
are laid to grow with us, viz. "ev,„ Ecbium

Vulgar e, Common Vipers Buglolsi a. 'Ew Mnh,
Ecbium Vulgare flore albo , White flowered Vipers
Buglofs.

III. The Defcription. The firft of thefe has a
l<oot which ufomewhat large andblackifh , and grows
woody at the approach of Seedtime , periling in the
inter : from whence Jprings forth many longer ough
Leaves , lying on the ground, and from among which
rjc up J ever al hard round Stalks , which are very
rough, as if thick fet with prickles or prickly hairs,
having many black j pots on them, not much unlike

to the skin of a Viper, upon which grow fuch like
long, rough , prickly or hairy green Leaves, fome -
thing narrow, the middle rib being for the moji part
white. The Viewers ft and at the tops of the Stalks,
branched forth into many fpiked Leaves or Flowers
bowing or turning like to the Turnfole, dll of them
opening generally on the one fide, which are long and
hollow, turning up the brims a little, of a purplijh
violet color, where they are fully blown but more
reddifh, where they are but yet in the Bud, or not
blown open, as alfo when they are upon their decay
and withering : but in fome places they are of a pa->
ler purple color, with a long Point el in the middle,
feathered, or pointed at the top. The Flowers being
fallen, the Seeds grow inclofed in round heads, which
growing to be ripe, are blackifh, cornered, and point-
ed fomething like to a Vipers Head.

IV. The Second Kind differs not much in any
thing from the former, fave that in fome places it
grows larger, the Leaves are of a frefher green color ,
and the Flowers are wholly of a white color.

V. The Places. The firft of thefe grows wild al-
moft every where, and as Gerard fays, it is found
in great abundance, where Alkanet grows. The fe-
cond grows about the the Caftle Walls of Lewes
in SuJJ'ex.

VI. The Times. They flower in the Summer
Months , as the other Bug Ioffes do, and their Seed
comes to ripenefs in the mean feafon.

VII. The Vitalities. They are temperate in refpe£t
to heat or cold, and dry in the firft Degree : Ape-
ritive, Abfterfive, and Traumatick, or Vulnerary •,
Cephalick, Stomatick, Cordial and Neurotick * Al-
terative and Alexipharmick.

VIII. 1 he Specification. The Experiences of many
Ages have proved them to be peculiar againft the
Poifon and Malignity of Serpents, Vipers, and other
Poifonous and Venomous Creatures.

IX. The Preparations. You may make therefrom,
1. A liquid Juice. 2. An E fence . 3. A Syrup <t
4. A difilled Water. 7. A Tmtfure of the Flowers.
6. A Ponder of the Seed. 7. A Decoffion of the
Root. 8. An Ointment or Ba/fam. 9. A Cataplafm
of Roots or Leaves.

The Virtues.

X. The liquid Juice. The Juice of thefe Plants
are wonderfully clammy and flimy, fo that it is
hard to Exprefs the fame for which reafbn, after
you have well beaten the Herb, you muft fet it
clofe covered in a cold Cellar, or fome other cold
and mout place, for two Days and Nights, and then
prels forth the Juice in a Wooden prels : after
which you may clarifie it with Whites of Eggs,
beaten into Glair, and palled gently thro’ a thick
Hippocras Bag. It is a famous thing againft the
biting of the Viper, and of all other Serpents, or
an7 ^cier. .* en°mous Creature, and prevails alfo a-
gamlt Poifon, and the Malignity of Poifonous Herbs.
You may give five Or fix fpoonfuls at a time in a
Glais of Wine, and repeat it as you fee Occa-
hon.

t TV Offence. It has all theWirtues of the
Liquid Juice, befides which, it is an excellent thing
againft the Plague or Peftilence, Spotted Fever,
i urple, and all other Burning and Malign Fevers
whatfoever. It is a molt admirable Traumatick or
Vulnerary fo that fcarcely any of the Vulneraries
or All-heals go beyond it. It comforts the Head,
Brain and Nerves, ftrengthens and fortifies the
bromach, and cheats the Heart admirably. Dole
three or four fpoonfuls or more, two, three or four
times a day, in a glafs of the Diftilled Water, or in
a glafs of Wine, or fome other proper Vehicle.

S XII. The

i to Salmon j* Herbal. Lib. I.

XII. The Syrup. Parkinfon makes it thus. Ik of
the Clarified Juice four pounds : fine white Sugar
three pounds : lnfufion of the blowers one pound :
mix and boil thefe gently to the confijlence of a Sy-
rup, which keep for ufe. It is ( fays he) very efte-
£lual for condoning the Heart, and to expel Sad-
nefs and Melancholly. Dofe two fpoonfuls or
more.

XIII. The Diftilled Water. It is drawn from the
whole Plant, when it is in its chiefeft ftrength,
which is, when it is in Flower j it is profitable for
all the Difeafes aforementioned, being inwardly ta-
ken, and outwardly applied •, and is ufed as a Ve-
hicle t o convey the other Preparations in.

XIV. The TinQure of the blowers. It is highly
Cordial, and Alexipharmick, and refills Poifons ot
all kinds : it defends the Heart from the Malignity
of Peftilential Fevers, and of the Plaguy it fell, and
fuppreffes Melancholly Vapors : It has the^Virtue
of the Eflence, and may be given in the Diftilled
Water to two Drams.

XV. The Pouder of the Seed. It is Alexipharmick,
comforts the Heart, expels Sadnefs and Melanchol-
ly, attemperates the Blood, allays the hot Fits of
Agues, encreafes Milk in Nurfes, and eafes pains
in the Loins, Back and Kidnies. Dofe one dram.

XVI. The Decotfion of the Root. It prevails againft
Poifon, and the Plague, and the biting of Vipers,
and other Venomous Creatures, -$nd is a lingular
good thing ( if made with Wine, or Wine and Wa-
ter) to be drank as a Diet Drink by wounded Per-
fons, and fuch as have inveterate, filthy, and run-
ning Ulcers and Fiftukfs, tfc.

XVII. The Ointment or Balfam. They are Vul-
nerary, cure admirably both Wounds and Ulcers *
and are of efpecial ufe to be applied to Wounds
made by the bi tings of Venomous Creatures, as Vi-
pers, Mad Dogs, ificfoi made with any Poifoned
Weapon, it extra&s the Poifon or Venom, and in-
duces the healing.

XVIII. The Cataplafm. Applied to the biting of
a Viper, Mad Dog, or other Venomous Creature, it
extra£ls or draws forth the Poifon, and fo fecures
the life of the Patient •, other Alexipharmicksbeing
given in the mean leafon inwardly.

chap. xcvi.

Of B U G L O S S, Wall and Stone.

I. ,"T‘V H E Names. The firft of thefe is called in

JL Greek , auxo-4 at : In Latin, by Bauhin, Ly-
copfis -, and by Dcdonaus , Lycopfis Echij altera Spe-
cies : and in Englifh, Wall Buglofs.

II. The other is called in Greek, '‘Oyocu.a • by Ga-
len ’o ffudt ©*o vivu Ofmas Phlonitis : In Latin, Onof-
ma : and in Englifh, Stone Thighs.

III. The Kinds. Of the Wall Buglofs there are
two Kinds, i. Lycopfis Echij folio. That with a
Vipers BuglofiCleafi 2. Lycopfis Anglica, the Eng-
lifh Wall Buglofs. The Stone Buglofs , is a fingular
Plant of its Kind.

IV. TheDefcription. The firft kind of Wall Bug-
lofs has a Root which Is fomewhat woody, long, and
not much thicker than a Linger, with fome Fibres
thereat it is of a brownifh red on the out fide, but
little or nothing colors the Fingers as the Anchufa’s
do yet Diofcorides fays, -'it was called by fever al
Anchufa, and Galen fays, that in his time it was
accounted a kind thereof •, but it .is much like to
Echium, and other forts of Wild Buglofs. From this

Root arifes Leaves which fpread upon . ? Ground
which are many, long, narrow, ro... rugged
hairy, and of a dark green color, Jo,, cw.mt like to
Echium, or fome other Wild Buglofs : Thefe Leaves
abide in this manna , fame years, without fending
forth of any Stalk, or Flowers at all ( which fome
having taken notice of, thought that it never did bear
Flower or Seed:) But truly though it bears no Stalk
for Flowers on- Seed fome years, yet it has been found
to bear them in fome others, for that divers Prints
hereof have been found as well with Stalk and t low-
fi , as Voidy “ok without : When it bears a Stalk , it
rifes up abdut two Feet high, bearing fitch like
Leaves as grow below, but fet one dijlant from ano-
ther, without order , and f mailer up to the l op,
where the Flowers ft and upon their fever a. Branches',
which are fpread about , as alfo come forth m>'h the
Leaves at the Joints, like unto the hollow r lowers
°f Echium, or Wild Buglofs, with uneven and ga-
ping dented brims or edges, of a pale Purple color,
with a long Stile or Point el in the middle ■’ .tag
out of the Flower above ’ nc • after

which follows the Seed, much like to Buglofs deed,
but not altogether fo great or black .

V. The Englifh Wall Buglofs has a Root a little
reddifh like the other, but giving as little color :
but as to its Leaves, Stalks, and Flowers, it differs
very little from the former : the only difference is,
that the Flowers do all grow at the Tops of the
Branches, and are of a deeper purple color, with di-
vers threads fhooting out of them

VI. Stone Buglofs A faid by Diofcorides to have
a reddifh Root , but to be without either Stalk, Flow-
er, or Seed, which thing he fays alfo of Lycopfis,
and Cynogloffum, both which are known ( in divers
of their Plants ) to have all the three, and there-
fore it may be as probable in this. This Plant in
its form has a great refemblance or likenefs to the
former Lycopfis, as alfo to Anchufa or Alkanet but

Chap. 97. Englifh 'Herbs.

differing from them in its Virtues. It has many
long and narrow fmooth Leaves lying upon the
ground , not above an Inch broad , but about four
Inches long , like to thofe of the leffer Alkanet.

VII. The Places. The firfi two grow upon Scone
Walls, and upon dry, ftony, and barren Grounds :
the firft has been found about Prontignan near Mont-
pelier in Prance , as Pena and Label lay : The fecond
Lobel obferved to grow in the Weft Countrey , in the
way from Brijlol and Bath to London J '.'The Stone
Buglofs grows in Rocky and Stoney Places.'

VIII. The Tunes. The Wall Bugloffes flower in
July, and fometimes in Auguft •, and the .Seed i§
ripe in the following Month. The Stone Buglofs
is green all the Year ^ but its times - of Powering
and feeding ( if it does fo ) has not been as yet ob-
ferved.

IX. The Vitalities. Wall Buglofs is temperate, or
rather cold and dry in the firft Degree, Aftringent,
Styptick, Traumatick or Vulnerary, Pe&oral, Hepa-
tick and Alterative. Stone Buglofs is hot and dry
in the fecond Degree, Aperitive, Cleanfing, Hyfte-
rick, and Alterative.

X. The Specification. The Wall Bugloffes are pe-
culiar Vulneraries for healing Green Wounds. And
Stone Buglofs is a Specifick for the fpeedy Delivery
of Women in Labor.

XI. The Preparations. The Wall Bugloffes have
all the Prepartions and Virtues of the Wild Bug/of-
fes , to which we refer you : But 1. The Juice.
2. The Effence. 3. The Oil , have fome peculiar
Virtues. Of the Stone Bughfs you may make alfo,

1. A liquid Juice. 2. An Effence. 3. APouderof
the Leaves . 4. A Decottion.

The Virtues.

XII. The liquid Juice of Wall Buglofs. Taken
alone, or mixed with Honey, it ftops Catarrhs, fal-
ling upon the Fauces and Lungs, and refills Fluxes
of the Bowels : and being applied upon Inflamma-
tions, as a Phlegmon, Eryfipelas, Lfc. it cools them :
inwardly taken, it is a good Traumatick.

XIII. The Effence of Wall Buglofs. It is Aftrin-
gent and Stiptick, ftops Catarrhs, and all Fluxes
of the Bowels ^ as alfo all Fluxes of fharp Humors,
to old running Sores and Ulcers, and fo renders
them eafie of cure. Dofe one ounce at a time,
Morning and Evening, in any fpecifick Vehicle, as
a mixture of Plantane and Poppy Water, an Infiifion
of Catechu in fair Water, Lie.

XIV. The Oil of Wall Buglofs. It is made by boil-
ing the Leaves and Roots in Oil Olive to Crifp-
nels, tftc. It admirably heals Green Wounds, abates
Inflammations, and cures Burnings, being anointed
upon the Part, and alfo mixed with Barley Flower,
and applied : Parkinfon fays, that this Oil cures
S. Anthonies fire , but ufually Oily and Greafie Bo-
dies do mifehief in that cafe : to bathe with the
liquid Juice is much better, and to apply over the
Eryfipelas, Cloths often wet with the fame : or a
foli: Cataplafm of the Juice mixt with Barley
Flower.

Virtues of Stone Buglofs.

XV. The liquid Juice. It provokes the Terms in
Women powerfully, and therefore ought not to be
given to Women with Child, left it caufes them to
mifearry : a fpoonful or two of it may be given
Morning and Evening in a Glafs of White Wine.

XVI. The Effence. It has the Virtues of the'
liquid Juice, and is very effeUual to caufe fpeedy
Delivery to Women in Labor. It cleanfes the
Womb of all its fceculencies, refifts Vapors, and

helps againft Fits of the Mother. Dofe one or two
ounces in a Glais of Wine to Women in Travel.

XVII. The Poudek of the Leaves. It is good a-
gainft Vapors and Fits of the Mother, and taken
ad j. dram in Wine by Women in Travel, it facili-
.tates and haftens the Delivery, for wT’nich it is laid
to be an excellent thing : it has the Virtues of the
Juice and Eflence, and therefore ought not to be gi-
ven to Women with Child.

XVIII. The Decotfion in Wine. It has the Virtues
of the Effence and Pouder, but not altogether fo
powerful.

CHAP. XCVII.
■O/'BUCLOSS Marfh.

I.AT~' H E Names. It is called in Greek , Ah/uoviov,
J % ytu&nJif, by Diofcondes h fo called, be-
caufe it grows h i.tuAn, in prat is rig a Is vel palu-
ft rib its : In Latin, Limonium : and in Englifh , Marfh
or Sea Buglofs , and Sea Lavender.

II. The Kinds. Parkinfon makes feven Kinds
hereof : Mr. Ray, eleven : but we ( becaufe here
in this Book we treat.. chi efiy of Englifh Plants )
(hall only deferibe three Kinds, viz. 1. Limoni urn
majus vulgatuis, the Greater Common Marlh or Sea
Buglofs. 2. Limonium medium Anglic um, The Col-
cheftcr Marfh Buglofs. 3. Limonium Virginian urn,
which is the Limoni a Congener Clufij , Virginian
Marfh Buglofs.

III. There has been fofne controveifie among Au-
thors about this Plan x. Limonium, fome will have
what we here deferile to be the true Limonium.,
which it is : others will have fome ether Plants to‘
be it •. Matthiolus deferibes two kinds, but made
no fenfible diftificfon between them, nor yet told
us which was the True, but as ignorant of the mat-
ter, lpeaks hot a word of them •, but to ceai’e rhe
S 2 eoriteit.

1 2 2 Salmon j- 'Herbal. Lib. 1.

conceit, in- aue L,imonium is that which ha * jair
Leaves, like thoje of the Limoh or Orange tree , of
a dark green color , fomewhat fatter , and a little
crumpled.

IV. Gerard calls this Plant in Englifh , <S><2 Ld-
vender , (and from him Mr. ifyy) but without any
other ground, than that the color of the blowers is
lomewhat near thofe of Lavender , for which rea-
fon Parkinfon altered the Title, to a more proper
name, and call’d it Sea or Aiarfl) Buglofs , as being
in form and color molt like to Buglofs.

V. The Deicription. The firf or Greater Marfh
Buglofs heut a Root fame what thick and long , like
unto a fmall Red Beet Root, whence comes feveral
fair, long, thick, or fat green Leaves, fomewhat like
unto Small Beet Leaves, ( and that is the reafon
that Pliny refers the Limonium unto the Beets, and
calls it a Wild Beet, though Galen will have it, that
there is no Wild fort of Beet : ) or Leaves of the
Limon Tree, from among which fpring up feveral
brittle, naked Stalks, without Leaves, near half a
yard high, branched at the tops into feveral parts,
whereon ft and many fmall blewifh purple f lowers, all
on one fide for the mof part, fome thing like unto
Buglofs Flowers, but f mailer •, after which come fmall
reddifh Seed, inclofed in the husks, which the Flowers
flood in before.

VI. Colchefler Marfh Buglofs, is like unto the
former aim of in all refpetts, the Root being reddifh ,
but much lejfer, the Leaves alfo lejfer, and the Stalks
lower, being but a little more than a foot high ■, the
Flowers aljo of the fame color with the former, but
yet lejfer • fo that the difference between them feems
to be only in the magnitude.

VII. The Virginian Marfh Buglofs has a long Root,
an Inch thick in Diameter, or more, and going almof
ftrait down into the ground, fending forth from it
feveral Branches, and fmall Fibres : It is a very
jl range Plant, for from this Root fprings forth very
ft range Leaves, fucb as are not to be Jecn in any
other Plant that we know of, being nine, or ten, or
more, rifing from the head of the Root aforenamed,
each by it fe/f being fmall below, and growing great-

er upwards, with a Belly bunching forth, and a bow-
ing back, of a pale whitijh yellow color, hollow at the
upper end, with a Flap, not much unlike the to Flow-
ers of Ariffolochia or Birthwort, and round at the
Mouth like a half Circle, full of great dark purplijh
Veins on the infide . The whole Leaf is of a thick
fubfance, almof like unto Leather, and among thefe
Leaves fprings up a Stalk, at the top of which comes
forth a Flower with four or five Leaves , in a round-
ifh Seed VeffeJ, with a Tuberous Thrum in the mid-
dle.

VIIL *Tbe Places. The two firft grow in Marfh
grounds near the Sea in many parts of England.
The firf grows plentifully upon the Walls of the
Fort againlt Gravefend, as alfo on the Banks of the
River below the lame Town, and below the King's
Stone-houfe at Chatham -, alio by the King's Ferry
going into the Ifle of Shepey • and in the Salt
Marlhes by Lee in Ejfex •, in the Marfh by Har-
wich, and many other places. The fecond grows
in the fields near the Sea, by Colchefer, as Lob el
fays ^ and Clufius faith, may be found about Valen-
tia in Spain. The third has been found growing in
Virginia ; and my felf found it in South Carolina,
in a Marfhy piece of Land at Canoi up Wando River
about nine Miles from Charles Town • it was alfo
lent to Clufius from Paris, by one that received it
in the fame manner from Lisbon in Portugal.

IX. The Times. The two firft flower in June
and July, and their Seed ripens not long after:
The lalt I faw in Flower in Carolina, in the Month
of July, but flayed not in the place, to fee its
Seed.

X. The Qualities. They are temperate as to
heat or cold, drying in the third Degree, Aflringent,
Styptick, Stomatick and Alterative.

XI. The Specification. They are peculiar againft
Catarrhs and Spitting of Blood.

XII. TJ?e Preparations. You may make therefrom,
I. A liquid Juice. 2. An Efience. 3. A Pouder
of the Seed. 4. A Decotfion of the Roots. 5. An
Oil or Balfiam of the Leaves.

The Virtues.

XIII. The liquid Juice. It flops Catarrhs or Di-
(filiations of Rheum upon the Breft and Lungs,
and prevails much againft Fluxes of the Bowels *
as alfo all forts of Bleedings, whether by the Mouth’
as Spitting and Vomiting Blood, Pilling Blood, the
Bloody Flux, or overflowing of the Terms. Dofe
three or four Spoonfuls in a Glafs of Red Florence,
or Red Port Wine , Morning, Noon and Night.

XIV. The EJfence. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice, but more Stomatick, and therefore better for
luch as have weak Stomachs. Dofe two or three
fpoonfuls in Red Wine, as aforefaid, and at the fame
times.

XV. The Pouder of the Seed. Gerard fays, that
being drunk in Wine, it helps the Collick, Stran-
gury, and Dyfentery, or Bloody Flux : Dofe one
dram. It alfo flops the overflowing of the Cour-
fes in Women, and all other Fluxes of Blood.

XVI. The DecoUion of the Roots. Being made in
Red Wine, it is very Aflringent and Styptick, good
againft Catarrhs, and Fluxes of Blood, and has all
the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but not alto-
gether fo powerful : It has been found to be a fpe-
cifick^gainft Agues, whether Quotidian, Tertian, or
Quartan.

XVII. The Oil. It is made by boiling the Leaves
in Oil Olive till they are Crifp, Lf c. Applied to Con-
tufions, weakned Joints, weak Backs, and Burnings,
it cures them.-

CHAP.

Chap; 98. TLnglijh Herbs.

CHAP. XCVIII.

Of BURDOCK Great.

I.'T' H E Names. It is called in Greek , ’Afww,
X sreeaumov, xj neynnit : In Latin , Arc mm. Pro-
(opium, Projopis, Perfonata, Lappa and Bardana,
in Shops : In Englijh, Burdock, and C/ot Bur.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral Kinds hereof,
as, 1. ’Aexii-.i riip.c. Lappa major, Bardana major vul-
garis, The Common Burdock. 2. Lappa Virgini-
ana. The Virginian Burdock. 3. Lappa feu Barda-
na languinofis capitulis , The woolly headed Bur.
4. Bardana major Rofea, The Rofe Bur : OF all
which we Ihall treat in this Chapter. 6. Lappa
minor Jive Xanthium , The i'mall Burdock. 5. Pe-
tafites. The Butter Bur, of which two laft, in the
two following Chapters.

III. The Defcription. The Common Greater Bur-
dock, has a Root great and thick, black on the out-
Jide, and whilijh within, fweet and pleafant in tafie
at firfi, but fomething bitter afterwards : from
whence fpring forth many large , hard, green Leaves,
feme what like to the Butter-Bur, or Wild Dock, but
more crumpled, and of a darker green color on the
upper fide, but greyijh underneath : among which
rife up hard and rough green Stalks, two or three
feet high, with many Branches from them, having
many the like, but lejfer Leaves on them, bearing at
their Tops feveral rough heads or burs, with crooked
pointed Prickles , apt to flick on Goths, or other things
which they touch ; out of the tops of each of which
come forth many hard purplijh threads , which are
the Flowers -, which being faded and paft, turn to
Town in the Heads-, and opening themfelves,Jhed
their Seed, which is grayijh, fomething like to the
Knap-weeds, which together with the Wind, is often

1 3 1

carried away, and many times falls " down to the.
ground, in the place where it grows, by which it
multiplies itjelf.

\V. The Virginian Kind, is a kind of the former
having like Roots -, but its Leaves are rounder and
[mailer : the Burrs are alfo fmaller and harder, and
jurmjhed with very [harp , crooked points, which
jttek very fajl to every thing they lay hold on.

V. The woolly headed Bur, it differs little from
the jifjt, but only that the Leaves grow not altoge-
ther Jo great -, and the heads being fmaller, are wool-
ly all over, and the Prickles, not Jo Jharp or flicking.
Gerard yi/yr, that the Leaves and whole Plant are
fomewhat lej's than the frjl or common kind , and
that the Heads are hairy or downy , but otbcrwfe
hke to it. Lobel calls this Arction. Monranum, and.
happa minor Galeni : but it is indeed the Lappa
minor altera Matthioli.

The Rofe Bur, differs little or nothing from
the frit kind, but in the head, which injlead of the
prickly Burs, has many fmall green Leaves, fet to*
gether like a fmall Rofe Plantane, and not much
prickly at their ends.

VII. The Places. The firjl of thefe grows plenti-
fully with us every where, by Ditch fides. Water
Jides, Wajl places, and High ways. The Virginian
is found in Virginia, Maryland, New England, and
m other Provinces upon that Coaft. The third is
not fo frequent with us, as is the firft, yet I have

: ;ouni it in feveral places of England ; Lobel found
it growing in Somerfet-Jhire , about three Miles
from Bath, near the then Houfe of Mr. John Colt :
alfo in the High way leading from Draiton to lver,
two Miles from Co/ebrook. The lajl grows not
with us, but near Lipfwick in Germany.

VIII. The Times. They Head, Flower, and Seed
i n June, July ana Auguji - the Seed being ripe in
a few Weeks after the Flowers are gone.

IX. The Qualities. They are all cooling and dry-
ing in the firft Degree ; yet Gerard fays, that the
Roots are moderately hot : They are Aftringenr,
Difcuflive, Digeftive, and Trauma tick 5 Cephalick
Neurotick, Nepbririck, and Hyfterick ; Alterative,
and Alexipharmick.

X. The Specif cation. The Burdock is peculiar
againft thePoilon of Serpents and ObftruUiohs of
the Reins, Bladder and Womb.

XI. The Preparations. You may have hereof
I. The Leaves. 2. The Juice. 3. The EJfencei
4. The Saline Tinffure. ;. The Oily Tmlhtre.
6. The Deception. 7. A Ponder of the Root. 8. A
Ponder of the Seed. 9. A Confeive of the Roots.
io. A mixture. 11. A Cataplafm. 12. A

The Virtues.

XII. The Leaves. Being applied either dry or
green, they cool, moderately dty, and difeufs withal,
as Galen fays whereby they are good to heal old
Sores and Ulcers, and help the Cramp, or fhriukiug
of the Sinews.

XIII. The Juice. The Juice of the Leaves mixt
with Honey, provokes Urine, and takes away the
Pains of the Bladder : and mixt with Wine, it is
wonderfully good againft the bitings of Serpents,
Mad Dogs, and other Venomous Beafts. The Juice
of the Root taken to the quantity of three or four
ounces, and drank with a good draught of Ale, is
an excellent thing againft Wind, and cold'nefs of the
Stomach.

XIV. The Effence. It has all the V irtues of the
Juice, belides which it is excellent againft Poifon
inwardly taken ; and is good, being given Dieteti-
cally, againft Venereal Difeafes, as the Pox, Gonor-

rhsa.

Salmons

bai

JD.

rhzea, (Sc. It heals inward Ulcers of the Lungs, arid
is good to cure fpitting of Blood. It is good again!
Gravel, Sand, Slime and Tartarous Matter, Obitru-
tting the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, and prevail*
againft Vapors in Women, ObltruUions of the
Womb, and Hyfterick Fits. Dole tiom one fpooii-
ful to lour, or fix, mixt with any proper Vehicle.

XV. T be Saline TmUure oj Seels , or Leaves. It
powerfully opens OblfruU ions of the Womb, Reins,
and Bladder, bringing away the Matter earning the
ObftruUion : Outwardly, it is good to wafh the pan
bitten by a Mad Dog, for it draws out the maligni-
ty and Poifon. Dole inwardly j. or ij drams \n A rj-
inart or Par fly Water, or any other proper Vehicle.

XVI. The Oily Tintlure. It is an excellent thing
againlt PunUures, and other Wounds of the Nerves,
prevails againlt Cramps and Convulfions, inwardly
given from twenty to thirty Drops, and outwardly

ap£m T he Decoffion of the Root. Drank liberally
for lome time, it has been found veiy good to ex-
terminate the Keliques ot the trench Difeafe : The
Decoaion of the Root, as alio of the Seed, is com-
mended by Diofeorides againft the Tooth-ach, being
held in the Mouth. It is alfo good to foment withal
againft Burnings and Kibed heels : and made with
Wine, and drank, it prevails againft the Strangury.

XVIII. The Ponder oj ibeRoot. It is good againft
fpitting Blood, helpful in Confumptions, and expels
Sand, Gravel, and Tartarous Matter out ot the Reins,
Ureters and Bladder. Dofe one or two drams in
White or Red Wine, &c.

XIX. The Fonder oj the Seed. Taken to one
dram, in a proper Vehicle, it is an excellent thing
againft Sand, Gravel, or Tartarous Matter in Reins
or Bladder, and gives eafe in the Strangury, and
other like Difeafes of thofe parts : and drank with
Wine for forty days together, it wonderfully helps
the Sciatica.

XX. The Confcrve of the Roots. It is helplul in_
Confumptions, and good for fuch as are troubled
with the Stone, ot any Flux of the Bowels.

XXI. The Mixture. Take juice oj the Root,
which make with Alicant two pounds : Old lent, a
pint and half: mix them. Four ounces of this be-
ing drank Morning, Noon and Night, ( after due
purging) is good againlt the Running of the Reins
in Men, and the Whites in Women. Or thus :
Take Juice of the Root , made as aj or ej aid, twelve
ounces : old Tent eight ounces : lolks of new laid
Eggs, na iiij : pouder of Acorns, an ounce and half :
Nutmegs in ponder half an ounce : mix them. It
has the Virtues of the former, befides which, it ea
fes pain in the Reins, and wonderfully ftrengthens a
weak Back.

XXII. The Cataplafm. Made of the Leaves
bruifei, with the White of an Egg , and laid on
any' place burnt with fire, it takes the fire out,
gives fudden eafe, and afterwards heals it. The
Roots made into a Cataplafm by being beaten with
Salt, and applied ( as Apuleim fays ) to the biting
of a Mad Dog, cures it, and lb lpeedily frees the
Patient from all danger. Columella lays, the Cata-
plafm made of the Leaves beaten up with Salt, being
laid upon the biting oiiVtper ( the part being firlt
fcarrified with a Lancet ) draws out the Poifon.
The former Cataplafm of the Roots with Salt, is
more available than the former againft the Poifon
of Serpents ; and being applied, is alfo good againft
the King’s-Evil.

XX1I1. The Salt from the AJhes. Taken in White
Wine, Arfmart, or Parfley Water, from a fcruple to
half a dram, it is good to provoke Urine, cleanfe
the Urinary Paffages, and to carry oft’ the Watry
Humor in Dropfies.

C H A P. XCSX.

Of BURDOCK Small.

THE Karnes. It is called in Greek, bi-Ata
*j faayapov : In Latin, Xanthium : In the
Shops, Lappa minor , Lappa imierfa , and by- lome,
Slnmaria , and Bardaita tumor .- in tnglijh the
Lejjcr or Small Burdock.

II. Vie

Chap. ioo. ‘Englifh Herbs.

II. T he Kinds. It is the letter iort of the Burdocks ,
and lingular of the Kind.

III. The Defcription. Jt bus a fmall Root fome-
what long and. fibrous, and perifhing every year :
from which Root rifes up a rough crefied Stalk ,
about two feet high , breaking out into feveral
Branches , with many blackijh /pots upon them , with
two much f mailer and whiter Leaves at every Joint ,
funding upon long Footjia/ks, which Leaves are
ufually divided into three parts , fometbing like un-
to a Marjh Mallow leaf unevenly notch'd or dented
about the edges : at the Joints of the Stalk and
Branches with the Leaves , towards the tops of them ,
come forth J. mall Flowers, which abide not long ■, and
after them, two or three j mall. , clofe Burs , a little
pointed at the top, wherein lye two or three fmall
lank Seeds, fomewhat like unto an Oat, which fall
not out, nor do the heads open.

IV. The Places. It grows in many places of this
Kingdom, as particularly in two or three places be-
tween Tidenham and Chepftow, in the foot way ; in
the Highway between Staves and Egham, and be-
tween Drayton and Ivor, two Miles from Colebrook ;
and at Southwick-Jheet in Hampfhire.

V. The Times. It Flowers and Seeds when the
great Burdock does ; viz. in the Summer Months,
June , July and Auguji.

VI. The Qualities. It is temperate as to heat and
cold, drynefs and moifture, yet Galen will have the
Seeds to be hot and dry, digeftive, alfo difeuflive,
IN eurotick, Splenetick, and Hyfterick ; Alterative,
and Alexipharmick.

VII. The Specification. It is lingular again!! the
pain and hardnefs of the Spleen.

VIII. The Preparations. You may keep hereof,
I. The Juice. 1. The EJfence. 3. The Saline Tin-
Sure. 4. The Oily TinSure. 5. A Pouder of the
Root. 6. A Pouder of the Seed. 7. A Conferve of
the Roots. 8. A Salt. 9. A DecoSion of the Roots,
jo. A Lotion, or Wajh. 11. A Cataplafm of the
Roots or Seeds.

The Virtues.

IX. All thefe Preparations have the fame Vir-
tues, Ules, and Dofes, with thofe of the lame
name in the Chapter of the Great Burdock, to
which you ate referr’d ; but there are fome peculiar
Virtues in this Plant, not obferv’d to be inherent in
the former, for which reafon we lhall fay fomething
more of its EJfence, DecoSion , Lotion, and Cataplafm
in the Sections following.

X. The EJfence. It ltrikes at the Root of the
Leprofie, prevails againlt Faintings and Swoonings,
opens Obftrutlions of Liver and Spleen, but more
especially of the laft, and gives eafe in pains of the
Hypochonders and Bowels. Dofe three or four
fpoonfuls Morning and Evening in a Glafs of Sher-
ry Wine.

XI. The DecoSion. It is to be made with Wine :
and has the Virtues of the EJfence ; it confumes
the hardnefs of the Spleen, being taken inwardly
Morning, Noon, and Night, to fix ounces, and as
often bathed warm upon the part affefled.

XII. The Lotion. It is made of the Burs , before
they are ripe, being brttifed and laid to ft eep in Wa-
ter, or Wine, in which a little Nitre is dijfolved, for
twenty four hours. It difeutfes Tumors, and gives
eafe in Pains, being bathed warm upon the parts
affeaed. If the Hair is fometimes wafted there-
with, it makes it become yellow. It is an excel-
lent Gargle for a fore Mouth and Throat, taking
away the Inflammation, and healing of it in a very
fhort time.

XIII. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Roots or

Green Burs , being beaten to a Pap in a Mortar,
and mixed with a third part of Mithridate. Being'
applied upon hard Kernels, or Swellings in the Flelh
( as thofe proceeding from the Kings-Evil) it is
laid to. foften and dilfolve them : but more elpe-
cially, if In the mean feafon, the Juice , Effence or
DecoSion in Wine aforementioned be daily given
inwardly two, three or four ounces at a time, and
that Morning, Noon, and Night ; for thefe Prepa-
rations very much fweeten the Blood and Juices ;
and corre£I the Dficrafie of rhe Humors.

CHAP. C.

Of BUTTER-B U R.

l.'T' H E Names. It is called in Greek tUmim :
J. In Latin, Petafites ; ( from the largenels of
the Leaf, it being large like nimm, a Hat : ) foma
take it to be Theophrajli, and fome to be Per-
folata Plinij : In Englijh it is called alfo Petafites ,
and Butter-Bur ; The Germans call it Pejlilence-
wort, or Plague-wort.

II. The Kinds. It is of two forts, a Greater,
and a LeJJ'er, and differing alfo in the Flowers ;
but fo very like one another, that one Defcrintion
will ferve fot both. Camerarius calls the more
common Mas , the other Lamina : but in his Epito-
me of Matthiolus, he calls the Greater, Tujjilago
major, for that fome will have it to be a kind of
Coltsfoot.

III. The Defcription. It hat a long Root and
thick , Spreading tender ground , blackijh on the out-
fide , and whitijh within , oftentimes Worm eaten ,
and of d bitter and_ unpleafant tafte : It Springs up
very early in the Tear , with a thick Stalk about a
foot high , on which are Jet a few fmall Leaves , or

rather

1 36 Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. I.

uilher pieces , and at the Tops a long f piked, head of ,
blowers, in the one ( which is the lefs , and the more
rare to find ) wholly white , and 0] a better /cent
than the other ( though J'omc fay it has no /cent ) in
the Greater , which is the more common with us , of
a b/ufh, 0 or deep red color , according to the Soil in
which it grows -, a day ground bringing forth a paler
colo/\ fomewhat weak and before the Stalk hat flood
with the blowers a Month above ground , it will be
jaded away and gone , and blown away with the Wind: •
after which the Leaves will begin to fpring , which
when they are full grown , will be very broad and
large , big enough to cover the whole Body , at leafl
the Head , like an Umbrella , which hides from Sun
and Rain ■, they are fomewhat thin , and almofl round ■,
whofc thick red Footflalks , being about afoot or more
long , [tand under , towards the middle of the

Leaves , the lower parts of which , divided into

two round parts , clofe almofl one to another , 0/ a
pa/e green color above , and hoary underneath. T1)at
which brinqs white flowers , forth alfo f mailer

leaves than the other doth , having divers ribs and
•veins therein.

IV. Gerdrd has another kind of Defcription,
which in fome meafure explicates the former, for
which reafon I think it needfary to infert it here:
But ter- Bur ( fays he ) does in a manner bring forth
its blowers before the Leaves , tfx Coltsfoot does (for
which reafon fome have thought it to be one of the
kinds of Colts-fco", and for which reafon Matthio-
lus and Gimerarius in their Epitome, have called it
Tu fli la go major, as is before mentioned: ) Thefe
blowers , fays he, are Small and Mojfie , tending to a
purple color , which are made up into a big Ear , as
it were , and quickly after , together with its Stem ,
f which is thick, full of fib fiance, and brittle ) fade
and fall away : then comes up the Leaves , which are
very great , //&? a rour. I Cap or Hat , cd//W
Petafus, 0/ fuch a widenefs or largenefs , <z/ that oj
it felf one leaf is big enough to keep a Man from a
Jhower of Rain , or from the heat of the Sun , and
therefore are much larger than the Leaves of the
great Burdock *, their color is fomewhat white , but

whiter underneath ; every Stem bears his Leaf
which is fome tunes a Cubit long , thick and full of
fubflance , which flands , as it were , the Leaf

in the Center or Middle almofl of the Circumference ,
like to one of the great eft Mufhrooms, Jetting afide
the Cleft at the lower part of the Leaf near the
Stem , efpecially when they are perijking or wither-
ing away : at fir (l the upper fuperficial or out fide of
the Mufhroom flands out , and when they are in wi-
thering it flands more in, and the edges, as it were
turn up •, Jo is it in the Butter Bur Leaf, which has
on the out fide a certain fhallow hollownefs.

V. The P laces. They both grow in wet and moifl:
Grounds by Rivers and Water fides, and upon the
Brinks and Banks of Lakes and Ponds, almofl: eve-
ry where.

VI. The Times. The Flowers rife and decay in
February and March, and then fade away •, Gerard
fays, in March or April : when they are gone, then
come up the Leaves, which remain all Summer, even
till Winter, new ones ftill growing up, and being
added to the former.

VII. Tice Qualities. The Roots, which are moftly
ufed,are hot and dry in the third Degree, Digeftive
Difcuflive, and Sudorifick ^ Cephalick, Neurotick’
Stomatick, Hyfterick, and Cordial j- Alterative, and
Alexipharmick.

VIII. The Specification. It has a peculiar power
and force againfl: Poifon of all kinds, and the Infe-
ftfon of the Plague.

IX. The Preparations. You may prepare from the
Root, 1. A Pouder. 2. A Juice. 3. An Eflence.
4. A Spirituous Tin Jure. 5. A Decotfion. 6. A
Mixture.

Tice Virtues .

X. The Pouder. Being given to one dram, and
drunk in Wine, it is a molt excellent thing againfl:
the Plague, and all forts of Peftilential Fevers, as
Spotted Fever, Purples, Mealies, Small Pox, Lie.
becaufe it is Sudorifick or provoking Sweat, and
drives ffom the Heart all forts of Venom and Poy-
fon : it kills Worms, and is powerful againfl Hy-
fterick Fits, or Vapors and Suffocation of the Mo-
ther : If it is ftrewed on old and filthy running Ul-
cers, it cleanfes, drys, and heals them. It alfo pro-
vokes Urine, and the Monthly Terms in Wo-
men.

XI. The Juice. It is expreffed out of the Root by
being beaten in a Mortar, and fqueezed out with
White Port Wine. It has all the Virtues of the
Pouder, and may be given ffom one ounce, to two
or three ounces, Morning and Evening, as a preven-
tive againfl the Plague, and every fix hours aftef
Infeffion.

XII. The Eflence. It has all the Virtues of the
Pouder and Juice, but more powerful to all the In-
tentions ; It provokes Urine, and the Courfes, and
kills the flat, broad Worms in the Belly. Dofe one
or two ounces mixed with Wine. It is a powerful
thing in the cure of the Yellow Jaundice, and the
bitings of Vipers, L? c.

XIII. The Spirituous Tin Jure. It is good againfl
Poifon, and the Bitings of Mad Dogs, prevails a -
gainft Fainting and Swooning Fits, and is a famous
thing to re&ifie the Diftemper of the Stomach.
Dole one or two drams in a Glafs of Canary.

XIV. The DecoJion. It is good againfl Coughs,
Colds, Afthma’s, Wheezings, difficulty of Breathing,
and other Diftempers of the Lungs, caufing Expe-
tioration. It kills Worms, provokes the Terms,
and has all the other Virtues of the Pouder and EL
fence aforegoing, but npt full out fo powerful :
JDofe from two ounces to four or fix, as hot as it

can

Chap. 101. TLnglijh Herbs.

37

can well be taken, Morning and Evening, to.preyent
the Infection, of the Plague $ and as much every fix
hours, for thole who are already feized with it.

XV. The Mixture. It is thus made : Take of the
Juice exprejfed with Vinegar , or the E (fence, twelve
ounces : Juice of Rue four ounces : Venice Treacle ,
or Mitbridate two ounces : mix them well together
by flaking. It is an Antidote again!! the Plague or
reftilence. Spotted Fever, Purples, Small Pox,
Meufies, Poifon, biting of Vipers, or other Ser-
pents, and the bitings of Mad-Dogs, or of any other
Venomous Creature. Dole two ounces at a time,
as often as need requires.

CHAP. CL

Of BURNET.

1. 'T' H E Names. It is called in Greek by Nico-

JL laus Myrepfus , or as GeJ'ncr has

it, iUpnvUt : In Latin , Fimpinella , Sanguiforba , Bh
pennula , Feponella , Sorb af roll a • and Sanguinaria ,
quod Sanguineos juxus fiftat : In Englifh , Bur-
net.

II. The Kinds. It is fourfold, i. Fimpinella
vulgaris five minor , The Common or LefTer Burnet.

2. Fimpinella inodor a, Smellefs Burnet. 3. Sangui-
forba feu Fimpinella Major five Sylveftris , Great or
Wild Burnet. 4- Fimpinella Maxima Americana ,
The Greatell, or American Burnet. Where Note,
that fome Authors think our Garden or Field Bur-
net to be the Sideritis fecunda Diofcoridts -, but l
think them to be miftaken, becaufe this latter an-
swers in the form of the Flowers to our Burnet.

III. The Defcription. The firfl of thefe hat a
Root which -is fmall and long , and of a blackifh brown
on the out fide, growing deep into the Earth, with
feme Fibres thereat •, from whence comes forth many
long winged Leases, fp/rad upon the Ground, which

confift of divers fmall roundfl, or rather uval-
leaves, green on the upper-fde, and grayifl under-
neath, finely dented about the edges, fet on each Jide
of a middle rib : among ft which rife up fever al creft-
ed brown Stalks a foot high or better, and in rank
ground fometimes afoot . and half high, with fome
f mailer Leaves fet in fome places thereon, divided
into feveral Branches. At the Tops grow fmall
round loofe heads, upon long Footftalks of a brown ifl
color, from whence ft art fqrth fmall purplifl. Flowers,
and after them cornered Seed. The whole Flant has
a pleafant quick Smell and _ Tafte, much like to the
favor of a Smelt, and put into a Glafs of Wine, gives
it a pleafant Relfh.

IV. The Inodorous Burnet in Roots, Stalks,Leaves,
and Heads , is altogether like the former, five that
the Leaves are not fo round, but fomething longer,
and have no manifeft Smell or Tafte in them .

V. The Great or Field Burnet, has a Root black
dnd long like the fir ft Kind, but greater, from whence
fprings up fuch like winged Leaves, but nothing fo
many, and each of thofe 1 eaves on the Wings, ere
twice as large at leaf} as the other, and nicked about
the edges in the fame manner, of a grayifl color on
the under fide : Stalks are greater, and rife higher,
with many fuch like Leaves fet thereon, and greater
round heads on the Tops, of a brotxnifh green color,
out of which come fmall dark purple Flowers, very
much like the former, but greater : The Plant it J elf
has very little of Smell or Tape in it, which can le
perceived.

VI. The American grear Burnet, has a Root much
greater titan the former, and woody, longer alfo, and
blacker than the left -, but in all its other parts, it is'
like our Field Burnet, but much greater : often titties
all its Leaves are of a blewifl green on the upper
fide, and folded half way together inward, fo that
the under fulcs of the Leaves, which are greyifh ,
flew the mf elves upwards -, and they are dented fome -
what deeply about the edges, with greater dents,
which makes them flew the more comely and p/ea-
Jant. The tops of the Stalks bear f mailer, and mu Jo

I T longer.

1

Salmon V Herbal. Lib. I.

iijb green /piked heeds , fet thick with
ach of ivhich when it flowers ( beginning
end Jo rifling higher) j hews to be four whit ifh
’^eave. r, having many /mail whit e long threads
mid ft •, after which come in their places 'cor-
nered Seed like the other. The whole plant has
not much fncll , but in its Tafte , is much like the
Jirjl

\ II. The Places. The fir ft grows wild in feveral
Counties of our Land , in dry fandy places , but is
ufually kept in Gardens. The fecond , Bauhin faith
is found in Spain , and I have found it in fome Mea-
dows in Norfolk , not far from Lyn 'Regis. The
third is found in feveral Counties of England ,
the Meadows in Norfolk , Suffolk , Cambridge-fhire ,
Huntingdonflhire , and Northampton-fhire 5 as alfo
near London , by Pancras Church, in two or three
Fields nigh Brobys-Barn. , and in the middle of a
Field by Paddington : I have alfo found it in fome
Fields between London and Newington , as alfo go-
ing towards the Boarded River. The lafll is found
in the trench Settlements in Canada , and in the
North parts of Virginia, where it is Natural : from
whence it has been tranfplanted to us, and is .nou-
rished up in Gardens.

VIII. The Times. They all flower in June , and
beginning of July *, and their Seed is ripe in Au-
guft-

IX. The Vitalities. They are generally hot and
dry ^ the firft of them in the Second Degree j the
other three in the Firft Degree : They are Incarna-
tive, Allringent, Styptick, Repercuflive, and Trau-
matick, or Vulnerary : Cephalick, Neurotick, Sto-
ma tick, Cardiack, and Alterative : Alexipharmick,

'and Analeptick.

X. TJoe Specification. Burnet is a peculiar Plant
for flopping all forts of Fluxes of Blood •, whence
came the names Sanguforba , and Sanguinaria.

XI. The Preparations. You may prepare there-
from, 1. A liquid Juice, 2. A Tec off ion. 3. A
Syrup. 4. A Wine. 5. A Vinegar. 6. A Spit
tuous Tinffure. 7. An Acid Tinffure. 8. A Pon-
der. 9. An Oil. 10. An Ointment, n. A Bal-
fim. 12. A Spirit. 13. TJ)e Seed.

The Virtues.

XII. TJ)e liquid Juice. Taking it inwardly from
three to five ounces, either alone or mixed with
Red Wine, it flops all manner of Inward bleedings
whatfoever, whether fpitting or vomiting Blood,
pilling Blood, or Bloody-flux : It alfo ftrengthens
the Stomach and Heart : and is Angular good for
all forts of Wounds, whether inward or outward.

XIII. The Deco ff ion. It has the Virtues of the
liquid Juice, but is much weaker, yet very good
to reprefs Vapors in Women. Dofe fix ounces
Morning and Evening.

XIV. The Syrup. It is excellent againft fpitting
of Blood, and heals Bloody-fluxes of the Bowels •,
and it is fo much the more effectual with Steeled
Water or Wine : If it is made of the Juice, it is
good for healing all forts of Wounds of Head and
Body, inward or outward, for all old Ulcers, Ul-
cerated Cancers, and Running Sores, which are hard
to be cured. Dofe two or three ounces at a time.

XV. The Wine. It chears the Heart, revives the
Spirits and is good againft Melancholly, drooping
of the Mind, and fainting of the Heart.

XVI. The Vinegar. It is a fpecial thing to pre-
ferve from, and cure the Plague or Peftilence, the
Spotted Fever, or any other malign acute Difeafe
of that kind ; for It in a fpecial manner defends
the Heart from Poifonous and Noifom Vapors, and
all contagious Difeafes, being given mixed with

the Juice in equal quantities, and the Patient laid
to Sweat thereupon. Dofe three ounces.

XVII. The Spirituous Tincture. It comforts and
warms the Stomach and Bowels, ftrengthens Nature,
and takes away the weaknefs of the Stomach and
Inteftines, thereby Hopping Fluxes of the Belly
of all kinds : It ftrengthens the Heart and Liver,
and other principal Parts, and therefore is good
againft Faintings and Swoonings. Dofe one fpoon-
ful at a time in a Glafs of Wine.

XVIIL The Acid Tinffure. This has all the Vir-
tues of the Vinegar aforegoing, but is much more
powerful than it, to all the purpofes and intentions
there fpecified : befides this is an extraordinary Sto-
matick, and therefore powerful in flopping Vomit-
ings, and alfo fpitting of Blood, being given in a
Glafs of Canary, or Red Port Wine. Dole thirty or
forty drops, to fifty or fixty, two or three times a
day.

XIX. ThePouder. Ufed outwardly to old Ulcers,
moift and running Sores, it drys them up wonder-
fully, and prepares them for healing, it may be
made of the whole Plant.

XX. The Oil. It is ufed to abate Inflammations,
eafe Pains, ftrengthen weak Parts, cure Burnings
and Scaldings, and to draw malignity out of Wounds
made by the bitings of Venomous Beafts.

XXL The Ointment. It has the Virtues of the
Oil, but penetrates not fo much, yet is more effe-
£lual for the cure of Wounds, Ulcers, and other
Running and Malignant Sores.

XXII. The Balflam. If it is made of the Juice, or
green Herb, it is one of the beft Vulneraries in the
World : it digefts, cleanfes, drys, ftrengthens and
heals all green Wounds, old Ulcers, running Sores,
and other ill natured Difeafes of that kind. It is
certainly a moft excellent Wound Balfam. If it is
mixed with Pouder of Scammony, it takes away rot-
ten Flefh, and deftroys Putridity or Rottennefs.

XXIII. The Spirit. It flops inward Bleedings,
comforts the Heart and Bowels, and is an excellent
thing againft Fluxes of the Belly of all kinds, more
efpecially the Bloody-flux, and the overflowing of
the Terms in Women : and this it does the more
powerfully, if a little Catechu be diffolved in it. It
prevails alfo againft the Contagion of the Plague.
Dofe from one dram to half an ounce.

XXIV. The Seed made into a Pouder. This, fays
Parkinfon , is no lefs efteUual, both to flop Fluxes,
and to dry up moift or running Sores, being given
inwardly ( to one dram ) in Heeled Water or Wine,
that is, if W ater in which hot Gadds of Steel have
been quenched •, or if Wine, in which old Nails
have been infilled for two or three Months before-
hand : The pouder of the Seed may alfo be mixed
with Ointments or Injefilions.

XXV. The American Burnet has all the fame Pre-
parations with our Enghfh , and the lame Virtues,
Ufes, and Doles.

CHAP. CII.

B U T TE R-W O R T.

I. /_Tn H E Names. It feems not to be known to
X the Greeks , and therefore we have no uni-
verfally received Greek name for ir, only Gefner
thought it to be Dodecatheon Plinij : Lugdunenfis
thinks it may be Crieu Apu/ei , and calls it Cuculla-
ta : but it is called in Latin , Pinguicula by Gefner ,
and from him all others call it fo : others Lingula

Pit nr.

Chap. 103. EngUjh Herbs. 1 3 9

Flinij, Viola bumida , FwAz Faluftris : Bauhin calls
it, Sariicula viontana flore calc are donata : vvirh us
it is called, Sariicula Eboracenfis ( becaufe it grows
fo plentifully in Tork-Jhire. ) In Englfih it is called
Butter-wort , and Butter-root , becaufe of the Un-
ftuofity of the Leaves or elfe from Fattening , as
Gerard fays, who alfo faith, they call it White Rot ,
and not White Root , becaufe the Countrey people
think, that if their Sheep fhould eat it, that it would
give them the Rot * and they give it the Epithite
White , from the color of the Leaf : as they have
another which they call Red-Rot , which is Fedicu-
laris , Red-Rattle.

II. The Kinds. It is a lingular Species of the Sa-
nicles \ being Genus to none elfe.

III. The Defcription. It hits a Root compofed of
divers white Fibres , or fmall Strings , which die not
in the Winter , but abide all the time with green
Leaves upon them : From this Root fpring forth di-
vers fat and long Leaves lying upon the ground
round about it , broad at the bottom , and pointed at
the end , of a pale green color on the upper fide , but
white underneath , fo'lded together at their fir ft ri-
fing , which then are more White. From among thefe
Leaves rife up two or three , or more , fender naked
Stalks,' about five or fix Inches high , bearing but
one only Slower at top of each Stem, fet in a f mall
green busk, in form fomewhat like a Violet Flower,
or thefe of Larks Heels or Spurs, having a fmall
Heel or Spur behind, in fome of a purple , in others
of a more blew color, and in fome white. When the
Flowers are paft, there come in their places fmall
pointed round heads , in which is contained fmall,
long, black Seed.

IV. The Places. It is chiefly found in the Com-
mon Field, and in feveral Bogs on the Hills in Tork-
Jhire : and in many places alfo in the Weft Country,
and Wales : as alfo in a Common, about a Mile
from Oxford, near a Village called He ring ton. Ge-
rard fays, it grows in England in fquafhy wet
Grounds, and will not yield to any Tranfplanting
or Cultivating of it ; and that it grows especially
in a field called Crag-Clofe, and at Crosby, and Ra-

venfwaith in Weftmorland •, upon Ingleborow Fclsy
twelve Miles from Lancafier ■, and in Harwood in
the fame County, near to Blackburn ten Miles
from Frefton in Aundernefs upon the Bogs, and
Marfh Grounds : and in the Boggy Meadows about
Bijhops-Hatfield : alfo in the Fcnns in the way from
London to Whitlefea Mere in Huntington-fhire : It
grows alfo in Hampjhire , and in great abundance in
many places in Wales.

V. The Times. It Flowers towards the latter end
of May , and 4II the Month of June, even to July,
( according as the Weather proves ) and the Seed is
ripe not long after.

VI. The Qualities. It is Temperate in refpeCt to
heat or cold, and Drying in the Second Degree. It
is Aftringent, and Cathartick, like Rhubarb Con-
folidative, and Traumatick, or Vulnerary,

VII. The Specification. It is dedicated to the cu-
ring of Green Wounds, and healing of Recent Rup-
tures in Children.

VIII. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, 1. A liquid Juice of the Plant. 2. A Syrup.
3. An Ointment. 4. A Balfam.

The Virtues.

IX. The liquid Juice. Conntry People, who live
where it grows do ufe to wafh their Hands with
it, when they are Chapt by the Wind or Weather :
and in Torkjhire they anoint the Dugs of their Kine,
with the Fat and Oily Juice, when they are bitten
with any Poifonous Worm or Fly, or are Chapt or
Rift by Weather, or any other means.

X. The Syrup. The Poorer lort of People in
Wales, make a Syrup thereof’ as of Roles, and there-
with Purge themfelves, and their Children: they
mix it with Broth for the fame purpole, and fo it
purges Flegm effectually. Dole from two to iouf
Ipoonfuls.

XI. The Ointment. They alfo with the Plerb
make an Ointment, which is held to be Angularly
good ( and that by the Experience of lome Phyfi-
cians ) againft the ObftruClions of the Liver.

XII. The Balfam. It is faid to cure Ruptures in
Children, being applied Plaifter-wife : It is a Angu-
lar Vulnerary, for it digefts, cleanfes, and heals
Green Wounds in any part, being highly Aitringehr*
Drying, and Confolidating, not much inferior to any
of the Wound Herbs.

CHAP. cm.

C A B B A G Ec

1. ' I ' H E Names. It is called in Greek , K f/pGit

1 MirtruvYi ; In Latin, Brajfica Capitata : In
Eng lift). Cabbage, or Headed Cole wort.

II. The Kinds. It is twofold, 1 . ware-
KivyAi Brajfica Capitata Alba, White Cabbage.

2. Ktyararn «fi Brajfica Capitata Rubra ,
Red Cabbage.

III. The Defcription. The Common White Cab-
bage has a Root going right down, but not deep, nor
fpreading far, and ufually dies in Winter : from
which Root fprings up one thick Stalk, having at top
the reef a great thick Head of crumpled Leaves : this
Head is clofed hard and round, and has at fi/ft great
large thick Leaves, of a grayijh green color , with
thick, great, and lying open moft part of the Summer,
without clofing : but towards the end of the Sum-
mer, being grown to have many Leaves, it then be -

£jtis to grow cloje uni round in the midd/e , und as
it clojes , the Leaves grow white inwards ; yet there
arc fame kinds , which will never he Jo clofe as thefe ,
hut will remain ba/J open , which are not accounted
to be Jo good as the other. In the middle of this
Head , the next Tear after the Sowing ( in other
c ountries cfpcaally. and fometimes in ours ) if the
Winter is wild , you way J'ee in divers Gardens a
great thick Stalk to J hoot forth , which is divided in
the top into many Ramifications , or Branches, bearing
thereon divers J'mall blowers, fometimes white, but
moji commonly yellow , made of four^ .caves, which
being paj}, turn into long, round, and pointed Cods,
containin^pherein J'mall round Seed, like to Turnep
Seed. A ow here is to be noted, that by reafon of the
hard Profit , and Cold of our Countrey, J'ome of our
Gardiners, for the preventing the danger of the faid
Winter Profit, do ufe to take up fitch Cabbages ( as
they intend to referve for Seed. ) with their Roots ;
and tying a Cloth or fome fuch thing font the Roots ,
do hang them up in their Houfes, that thereby they
may be defended againji the Cold ; and then fet them
again after the Profit are pajl.

IV. Tie Red Cabbage is in all things like unto
the White , excepting in the color, this being deeply
Red ; as alfo in the magnitude, the Red being for
the mofi part lefs than the White ; and though it is
many times found large, yet it is fcarcely ever found
fo large as the large ones of the White. In this alfo
the color of the Leaves is very variable, in fome it
is Green firiped with Red-, in others it is more Red ;
and again in fome, it is a very deep Red, and fome-
times declining to purple.

V. The Places. They are found growing with

us only in Gardens, being nourifhed, and .brought
to perihelion chietiy by the care and industry of
Gardiners. . • * sj.

VI. The Times. They Flower for tkeAnoft
in June or July, and the Seed is ripe in Aujy

VII. The Qualities. They are Temperatelh re-
fpcct of heat or coldnels; and moift in the firft De-
gree ; They are alfo Opening, Abfterfive, Diuretick
and Emollient : Alfo Pectoral, Hepatick, Nephri-
tick, and Hyfterick ; Galaftogenedck and Altera-
tive.

VIII. The Specification. It is in vain to be pa
cular, for the old Romans having expelled Phyficians
out of their Territories for Six Hundred Tears , did
maintain their Health by ufing and applying 'Cab-
bages and Co/eworts as their only Medicine, or Re-
medy, in every Dileafe. And therefore- as they
thought them to lie eiteaual againlt all Dii'eafes of
the Body, whether inward or outward, fo Chryfipus
wrote a Volume of their Virtues, applying them to
every part of the Body.

IX. The Preparations. You may make therefrom,
I. A liquid Juice. 2. A DecoBion. 5. A Syrup.
4. An EleUttary. y AJhes. 6. The whole Sub-
fiance. 7. A Col/yrium. S. The Seed.

The Virtues,

X. The liquid Juice. Drunk in Wine to three or
four ounces, it is good againft the bitings of Vi-
pers, or other Venomous Creatures : mixed with
Honey, and taken, it is good againft Hoarfnefs, or
lofs of the Voice, and helps to reftore fuch as are
in Confumptions : mixed with Wine or Vinegar ■
and drank, it is good againft the Venom of Mu(h-
rooms : Galen applied it to the Temples of fuch as
had the Head-ach, arifing from Drunkennefs ; it
cleanfeth fo ftrongly, that it is laid to cure the Le-
profie.

XI. The DecoBion The firft Decoftion is (aid to
open the Body, but the fecond does Aftiinge or Bind,
for that the Nitrous quality is quite confumed or
fpent. If it is made in Water, with an old Cock
beaten to peices boiled in it, it prevails againft Con-
lumptions, and helps fuch as are troubled with Gri-
pings, and pains in their Stomachs and Bowels, it
is alfo good for fuch as are troubled with Obliru-
9:ions of Liver or Spleen, and the Stone or Gravel
in Reins or Bladder. It reftrains the Vapors ari-
fing from Wine, and fuddenly makes them fober
again. It takes away the Swelling and Pain of
Gouty KneeJ, being bathed warm therewith, dif-
perfing the Humors. It alfo cleasfes and heals old
and filthy Ulcers or Sores, and Scabbinefs, being
often wafhed therewith, as alfo Pullules and Wheals
which break out in the Skin.

XII. The Syrup. Made of the Juice, has the Vir-
tues of the fame, but in a 'more peculiar manner it
is good againft Coughs, Colds, Wheafings, ftortnefs
of Breath, Confumptions, and other Diieafes of the
Breft and Lungs : ^ropt into the Eyes, it confumes
Films, Clouds, or other things which obfufeate the
Sight, and heals Sores and Ulcers in the Eyes.

XIII. The EleBuary. It is made of the Pulp of
the great middle Ribs of the great Leaves, boiled
foff in Almond Milk, or Cows Milk, and complcat-
ed with Honey. It is profitably ufed for fuch as
are Hoarfe or Wheeze, or are Purfie or Short-wind-
ed ; being taken three, four or five times a day as
much as a Wallnut.

XIV. The AJhes. They ate made of the Stalks,
and ate of fuch a drying Quality, that as Parkin-
fon faith, they become almoft Cauftick : being mix-
ed with Oil Olive, and Beef Suet, in a fmall pro-
protion, they are found to be effeUual to anoint
the Sides of fuch as have had vehement and inve-
terate Pains there; as alfo it is good for Pains in
any other place, caufed by the accels of Melancho-
lick and Flatulent Humors, helping mightily to dif
culs and ftatter them ; and therefore muff be very
profitable againft the Gout.

XV. The whole Subfiance. It is ufualiy boiled in
Water, or in Mutton 'or Beef Broth, till it is fofi ;
and fo with Butter, Vinegar, and Pepper,, it is eaten
as a Sailer, and for Food : and fo eaten it nourifiies,
cleanfes the Bowels, creates Seed, alfo Milk in

Nuries,

13 1

Chap. 104. ‘EngUJh 'Herbs

Nurfes, helps Coughs, ,and Hoarlhefs, and reftores
m Confumptions, being very Stomatick ( for Sto-
maticks are indeed the greateft reftauratives. )

XVI. The CoUyrium. It is made of the Juice
mixed with Honey, and boiled to the thicknefs of a
thin Syrup. Drop’d into the Eye, it clears the
fight, and clears it of Clouds or Films, or any other
matter which hurts it. It prevails againft an Oph-
thalmic, and heals Sores or Ulcers of the Eye, re-
moving the weaknefs, and much ftrengthening’ the
part affefted.

XVII. The Seed . If it is bruiled, and mixed with
a fixth part of Muftard Seed, and fo drunk with
Wine, it kills Worms in the Stomach or jdowels •
it alfo expels Wind in the Bowels ; and Klfes the
pains of the Ventricle caufed from Acid, or Cold
and Moift Humors. Dole one dram, Morning and
Evening.

CHAP. CIV.

CALAMINT Common and Small.

I- 'T' he Names. It is called in Greek , KaxafJ.8»
i ( auafi bona vel utilis Mentha ) in Latin ,
Calammtha : and in Englijh, Calamint. or Mountain
Mint.

II. The Kinds. It is chiefly twofold, 1.

xi/n), Calammtha vulgaris, Common Calamint ; of
which in this Chapter. 2. Kahafdv^ £yeta, Calamm-
tha agreftts, Field or Wild Calamint ; of which in
the next Chapter.

III. The Common Calamint , of which we here
treat, is three fold, viz. 1. Calammtha vulgaris mag-
na. The Great Common Calamint. 2. Calamimha
Praftantior, The Greateft Calamint, which grows
plentifully in our Englijh Plantations in America.
3, Calammtha minor , The Lefler Calamint.

CALAMfKTHA Communis.

Calaminia Americana.

IV. TheDeicription. Our ordinary. Cdamint hat
a Root J mall and woody, with divers /mail twigs, or
fibres^ Jpr ending within the ground , not dying An-
nufy-> W ‘’biding many Tears ■ from which Root
nje iip Jever al guar e hoary arid woody Stalks , about
ajoot high feldom higher : The Stalks and Branches'
have two hoary Leaves fet at a Joint , about the big -
nejs 0} Marjoram , or not much bigger , a little dent-
ed. about the edges , and cf a very piercing and quick
Scent ^ as the whole Herb Is : The L lowers ft and at

feverdi

i^2 Salmons Herbal. Lib. I

jeveral places of the Stalks , from the middle almoft
upwards, which are fmall and gaping, much like to
thoje of Mint, and of a pale blufh color. The J Mow-
ers being gone, there jollows fmall, round, ilackijh
Seed. ft

V. Calamintha Pra:ftantior Americana, has a
woody Root, which abideth, and fends forth ncio
Branches every Tear. It is a Sweet Herb, and rifes
up to be about a foot and half high, with J quart',
hard, and hoary Stalks, which are many, and more
fender than thofe oj the Wild Mint -, on which are
fet at every Joint, two fmall, and fomewbat round
Leaves, deeply dented about <jhe edges, yet larger
than thofe oj the Wild Kind, being fomewbat hairy,
but not very hoary, rather oj a fad green color, of
a very fweet Scent, and not ft r ong or heady as the
other. The blowers are gaping, and like the former,
but larger, and of a purple color -, which being gone,
then comes the Seed, which is black, fmall, round,
and fome thing like unto Fur fane Seed.

VI. The Small Calamint, is another fort of the
Hr ft, and is like unto it in all thing, except the mag -
nitude, being fomething lefts, and differing chief y in
the blowers, which are not fo large by one half, and
therefore denotes it to differ from the fame.

VII. The P laces. The fir ft grows in many Gar-
dens, and in Dry and Upland Grounds, and on
Heaths in many places of England. The fecond
grows in many places of Emglifh America, it having
been found in feveral old Plantations, after they,
have been hung up for reft, as alio in the Borders
of feveral Woods. It has alfo been found on the
Euganaan Hills near Padua, on Hills near Vicenza
in Italy -, on rocky Clifts of Severn in Trove nee, as
alfo in Germany : Lobel alfo found it growing in
England. The Small Sort is found for the moft
part in thole places where the firft is alfo found, or
not far off from them.

VIII. The Times. They all Flower about the lat-
ter end of June, and in July, and their Seed is ripe
in fome Ihort time afterwards.

IX. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the third
Degree : Aftringent, Carminative, Digeftive, Dif-
cufhve and Sudorifick. It is alfo Cephalick, Neu-
rotick, Stomatick, Pe&oral, Cordial and Hyfterick :
Alexipharmick and Alterative.

X. The Specification. It powerfully provokes the
Terms in Women, and facilitates the Delivery of
Women in Labor.

XI; The Preparations. You may make therefrom,
i. A Ponder of the Leaves, i. A liquid Juice.
t,. A Decoction. 4. A DiJlilledWater from the Herb
gathered in June or July. 7. A ftmple Syrup of the
Juice. 6. A Spirituous Tintture. 7. An AcidTin-
tture. 8. An Oily Tintture. 9. A Saline Tintture.
1 o. A Spirit. 1 1 . A diftilled Oil. 12 .A Balfam.
13. An Ointment. 14. A Pejfary. 15. A Cata-
plafm.

Tee Virtues.

XII. The Pouder of the Leaves. Made into an
EleUuary with Salt and Honey, it kills Worms in
the Body, helps the Leprofie, and fuch as are trou-
bled with fhortnefs of Breath.

XIII. The liquid Juice. It provokes Urine and
the Terms, eafes fhortnefs of Breathing, and Cho-
lerick Torments of the Stomach and Bowels : It al-
fo facilitates the Delivery of Women in Travel, and
expels the Dead Child, and therefore Women with
Child ought to forbear the ufe of it. Dropped in-
to the Ears, it kills Worms in them •, and opens Ob-
Itruclions of Lungs, Liver, Spleen and Womb. And
the Body being firlt well purged, if it is given from

two to four ounces, to fuch as are troubled with a
Tertian Ague, it cures it.

XIV. A Decottion in Wine. It has all the Virtues
of the Liquid Juice, but not full out fo powerful
but as it is lefs in power, fo it is much more plea-
fant to be taken, and therefore may be given in the
larger Dofe. It brings down Womens Courles, and
provokes Urine, and is good for thofe who are Bur-
lten, or are troubled with Convulsions, Cramps, or
fhortnefs of Breath. It helps the Yellow Jaundice,
and Itays Vomiting, and is good againft the bi tings
of Vipers, or other Venomous Creatures : It pro-
vokes Sweat powerfully, and therefore is fingular
good againft all malign Fevers, as Meafles, Small
Pox, Spotted Fever, and the Plague it felf Dofe
from four to fix or eight ounces.

XV. The Di Hilled Water. It has all the Virtues
of the Deco&ion, but much weaker, and therefore
is chiefly ufed as a Vehicle to convey any of the
other Preparations in.

XVI. The Syrup of the Juice. It is highly Pe£!o-
ral, and therefore a moft excellent thing to open
all ObftruU ions of the Lungs, and heal their Diftem-
pers, prevailing againft Colds, Coughs, Floarfnefs,
Wheezing, fhortnefs of Breath, difficulty of Breath-
ing, hardnefs of the Spleen, and other Diftempers
of the Bowels. Dofe two fpoonfuls Morning and
Evening, for fome confiderable time.

XVII. The Spirituous Tintture. It is a fingular
thing againft all manner of Malignity, Poifon, and
Infection whatfoever : It powerfully cures Con-
vulfions in the Bowels, Stomach, or in any other
part ofthe Body ^ it ftrengthens Nature, chears the
Heart, revives the Spirits, and is an excellent thing
againft cold Sweats, Faintings, Swoonings, Fits, and
all forts of Deliquiums of the Spirits or Heart, and
other Bowels, proceeding from Cold, or a cold and
moift Caufe. Dofe half an ounce iii a Glals of
Wine, Morning falling, and Evening, or in the time
of the Paroxyfm.

XVIII. The Diftilled Oil. It has all the Virtues
of the Juice and Deco&ion, but much more effica-
cious than either of them : being dropt ten or AT
teen drops into Sugar, and fo drunk in a Glafs of
Wine, it gives immediate relief in the Cholick ^ and
fo given to a Woman in Labour, it prefently forces
away the Child, either alive or dead ■ outwardly
anointed upon parts Paralytick, or afteUed with the
Cramp, it prefently gives relief in the latter, and
in fome few times ufing helps the former.

XIX. The Acid Tintture. It is moft admirable
againft the Plague, Spotted Fever, and all other
forts of Malignant Fevers * as alfo againft the Poi-
fon of Serpents, as Vipers, Rattle Snakes, &c. bi-
tings of Mad Dogs, or other Venomous Creatures,
the Acid deftroying all forts of malignity and Poi-
fon whatfoever : It may be given inwardly from
half an ounce to two ounces every fix hours in fome
proper Vehicle •, and outwardly bathed upon the
Region of the Heart, .or upon the place bitten or
hurt, and Cloths dipt therein may be laid on, and
this three, four, or five, times a day.

XX. The Oily Tintture. Given inwardly to mo
drams, it gives eafe in the Cholick prelently, and
opens Obftru&ions of the Reins and Womb, provo-
king Urine, and forcing away Sand, Gravel, and
other Tartarous Matter obltrufting thole parts :
Anointed upon Spafims, it cures them in a Ihort
time : and well rubbed in, Morning and Evening for
feveral days, upon any part troubled with the Pal-
fie, it reitores them, comforting the Nerves, and
warming: and ftrengthening the Parts afflicted : It
is alfo profitable againft the Piles, proceeding from
a cold caufe, ( if not broken) they being anointed
therewith two or three times.

XXI. The

\

Chap. 105. ‘Englifb Herbs .

43

XXL T he Saline 1 incture. It is good to wadi
fuch parts as break out with any Iharp or fait Hu-
mor, as the Leprofie of the Greeks-, Scurfy Mor-
phew, Scald Heads, DandrifF, and the like : bathed
upon parts troubled with the Gout or Sciatica, and
continued for fome time, Morning and Evening, it
gives eafe of the Fain, does much good, and in time
removes the Difeafe.

XXII. T he Spirit. It is Cephalick, Neurotick,
Sromatick, Cordial, and Alexipharmick : It Hops
Vomiting, drengthens a weak Stomach, chears the
Heart, revives the Spirits, and is good again!! Faint-
ing and Swooning, Vapors, and Fits of the Mo-
ther, and preferves (being taken in a Morning fad-
ing ) from the Infection of the Plague, or of the
Spotted, or any other Malign Fever. You may take
a fpoonful or two of it at a time ( if Dulcified ) and
that twice a day, or upon the fpot, if any Paroxyfm
is prefent : It is alfo good to bathe with, if any
thing like a Gangrene is feared.

XXIII. T he Baljam. Being applied to a cold
Gout, it gives eafe to the Pain, and anointed up-
on the Hemorrhoids, or Piles, it heals and cures
them.

XXIV. The Ointment. It is good to anoint Wo-
mens Breads, which are fwoln and painful, pro-
ceeding either from Cold, or Curdled Milk, or fome
external Violence.

XXV. T he Pe/fary. The green Herb made into
a Peffary with Wooll, and put up the Vagina Uteri ,
it provokes theTerms, eafes the pains of the Mother,
relids Vapors and Hyftertck Fits, and if it is near
the time of Travel, hadens and facilitates the
Birth.

XXVI. The Cataplafm. It is made' of the green
Herb, with Lard, Crumbs of Bread, or Pouder of
Bay-berries : being applied to any part pained with
the Gout, it eafes the Pains, abates die Tumor or
Swelling, and difculles or draws forth the Humors.
It mud be continued Morning and Evening for fome
confiderable time, by which means it is laid to per-
fect: thofe Cures. Being applied upon places black
and blew, or yellow, or otherwife difcolored, it
takes away the ill color, and cleanfes the skin.

CHAP. CV.

C A L A M I N T, Wild.

I. rTp H E Names. It is called in Greek , K«A«fu’»3»
JL ayeia •' In Latin , Calamintba agreftls : and
in Englijh , Wild Calamint.

II. The Kinds. We fhall treat here of three fe-
veral Kinds of it : 1. Calamintba arvenfts verticil- ,
lata , five Aquatica Lobel/ij , Field Calamint with
whorled Coronets. 2. Calamintba altera oiore Pu-
legij, foliis maculojis ; Calamint having the Penny-
royal Smell, and with Spotted Leaves. 3. Ca/u-;
mintba minor incana , The lelfer hoary Calamint.

III. The Defcription. T he fird of thefc has a f mail
Root, abiding long , and not perijhing after Seed
time : prom which Root come forth feveral fquare
hoary Stalks full of Joints ; and two fmall , and al-
mojl round hoary Leaves Jet thereat , up to the tops ,
Something like to Pennyroyal leaves, of a brisk, Jharp
and quick Scent , yet Sweet withal , like unto Penny-
™Jal ■ Towards the Tops of the Stalks and Branches
there ft and, with the Leaves, many purp/ijh l lowers
feveral being fet together, m a kind of Whorle ob
Coronet ; after which comes fmall blackijh Seed.

IV. JJhe fecond or Spotted Calamint. differs net
much from the Common Calamint in the former Chap*
ter\ but that it grows nothing near fo great nog
high •, it bar fquare , hard , hoary St'alks. , and hoary
Leaves thereon like it h but J potted here and there,
of a very ftrong Scent like unto Lenny royal. The
t lowers grow in the fame manner as the Common

Calami, it

1 44 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

Calami nt in Cap. 104. Seft. 4. but Jmaller , and of a
pale purplifh color, having much like fmall blackijh
Seed.

V. The third, or Lefler hoary Calamint, hcu a fi-
brous Root like the others , and not penjhing yearly.
From which fpring up fmall, low, and J. lender hoary
Stalks, not above a Foot high, on which, at every
Joint, are Jet two Leaves, as in the other Kinds, but
Jmaller, and more hoary, yea Jmaller than the leaf
Bujh Bafil. The Flowers are very fmall, but like
the lajl defer ibed, and of a lefs heady ftnell, with like
Seed a/fo, but fomething leffcr.

VI. The P laces. The fir ft grows in many places
of England, both in plowed Grounds, and moift Mea-
dows. The fecond, Lena lays he found on certain
Hills in Lombardy ■, and in feveral places of our own
Land, but not always fpotted : 1 have found it in
feveral places of South Carolina. The third and laft
is not common with us, but only nourilfied up in
Gardens : It grows in Candia, from whence the Seed
came firft to Camerarius.

VII. The Times. They Flower in June and July,
and their Seed is ripe foon after.

VIII. As to their Qualities, Specification, Prepa-
rations, Virtues and LJfes, they are exattly the fame
with thofe in the former Chapter, and therefore to
thofe I refer you.

CHAP. CVI.
CALTROPS, Land.

(• ' p HE Names. They are called in Greek Tel-
J- fisA©-, xj TelSuA©- : III Latin, Tnbull/s : 111
Eng/ijh , Caltbrops. The Arabians call this Plant
Hajari), and Haferk -t [he Spaniard, Abrolos , and the
I ■ranch, Sa/igot.

II. T be Kinds. It is twofold, firft of the Land,
called in Greek, Te;,s„.@- ; in Latin, Tribu-

lus terrcjris , and in Englifh , Land Caltrops , of
which in this Chapter. Secondly, Water Caltrops,
of which in the next.

III. The Defcription. Land Caltrop has a Root
which is white, grows downwards , and has many
fibres or Strings, from this Root rife up feveral
hard, fmall, long Branches, full of Joints, and fpread
abroad upon the ground ; which are furmjhei with
many winged Leaves, having a middle Rib, on which
flani feveral fmall Leaves, on both fides the fail
Rib, ajter the manner of Orobus or Vetches. At
the Joints come forth fingly, fmall, pale, whitifh
flowers , confijiing of five fmall Leaves, like the
flowers of Torment il. T hefe being paj), there comes
forth little , rough, prickly heads, full of Prickles ,
and having five or fix Corners, within which prickly
Husk lies the Kernel or Seed.

IV. The Places. It is Laid to grow plentifully
in Spam in their fields, being fometimes hurtful to
Corn : It is alfo found in moft places of Italy and
france : And, as Gerard fays, it grows with us in
England ; he found it in a moift Meadow adjoin-
ing to the then Wood or Park of Sir franc is Carew,
near Croydon, not far ifom London , from whence
he brought Plants of it for his 3arden. Parkinfon
fays it grows amongft Rubbilh, and the Ruins of
Buildings, and by Walls fides.

V. The Times It Flowers in June and July-, and
the fruit or Seed is ripe in Auguji.

VI. The Qualities. It Is cold in the firft Degree
and dry in the fecond. It is Aftringent and Reper-
cuflive, it is Alterative and Alexipharmick.

VII. The Specification. By reafon it is of thin
Parts, it is faid to wafte the Stone, Tartar, or Gra-
vel in the Reins, and parts adjacent.

VIII. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
I. A liquid Juice. 1. AnEffence. it. A Dec off ion.
4. A Ponder of the Root. A Collyrium. 6. A
Cataplafm of the Leaves. 7. A Lotion. 8. The
Seed.

The Virtues.

IX. The liquid Juice. Being applied, it abates
the Inflammation, and cures an Eryfipelas : It hin-
ders the breeding of Inftammations and Apofems,

and

Chap.

1 07.

to

and ftops the Flux of Humors * and being drank
trom two ounces ro four, it breaks or wattes the
Stone in the Reins, expelling Sand, Gravel, and
1'artarous Humors ^ and ftops all forts qf Fluxes of
the Bowels.

X. The Ejfence. It has all the fame Virtues, and
the more pleafant Medicine to take. It cures fore
Eyes, being dropt into them, and abating the In-
flammation, takes away the Blood-fhot. If it is
drank to two or three ounces in Wine, it prevails
again!! the poifon of the Viper, and the bitings of
ocher Venomous Beafts.

XL The Te coition. It has the Virtues cf the Juice
and Eflence, but not all out fo powerful : It may
ferve as a good Vehicle to convey the Pouder of the
Root in.

XII. The Pouder of the Root. It ftops Fluxes of
the Belly, and binds it : given to two drams, it is
good again!! the biting of Vipers •, confumes Nodes
and Kernels in the Neck, or other Parts, and in a
good meafure llrengthens the Stomach.

XIII. The Collyrium. It is made of the Juice or
EiTence made into a thin Syrup with Honey. This
put into the Eye three or four times a day, ftops
fluxions of Humors into the Part, cools and takes
away the Inflammation, and heals Sores or Ulcers
therein.

XIV. The Calaplafm of the heaves. It is good
again!! a hot Gout, repercuffes the flux of Humors,
hinders Apoftems, and difcutfes Swellings in the
Legs, or other parts of the Body.

XV. The Lotion. It is made of the DecoUion in
Wine, in a quart of which. Honey three ounces,
and Roch Allum half an ounce, is diflolved. It is
made to heal corrupt Sores and Ulcers of the Mouth,
Throat, and Gums and to cleanfe Fiftula’s, as alfo
Apoftems newly broke, or opened, by injefling it
with a Syringe.

XVI. The Seed or fruit. It is Alexipharmick ;
Galen and Pliny fay, that th e Thracians, who dwelt
near the River Stirmon , lived themfelves of the
Fruit or Kernels, making them into- a fweet and
fine kind of Bread, which fcmething bound up the
Belly : And that with the Herb they fed their Horfes.
But this making Bread of the Kernels is affirmed by
fome, to be only meant of the Fruit of the Water
Caltrop , following.

CHAP. CVII.

CALTROP, Water.

I. ' I ' II E Karnes. It is called in Greek TViSoAo©-
1 : in Latin , Tribulus aquaticus , Tri-

hu/us marinus , and by Cordus , Lacuftrts : in Englifh ,
Water Caltrop \ Saligot , and Water Nuts.

II. The Kinds. There are two forts of Water
Caltrops. 1. The Greater Water Caltrops. 2. The
Leffer Water Caltrop: And of the Leffer there are
alio two Kinds, viz. The former and the latter.
The Greater Water Caltrop , is called in Latin,
Tribulus Aquaticus major : Tribulus Aquatilis , and
Caftan ex aquatiles. The leffer forts are called by
Ciufius , Tribulus aquation r minor and diftinguiffied
by him, the former of which he calls, Tribulus
aquaticus minor prior •, and the latter, Tribulus aqua-
ticus minor alter.

III. The Defcription. The Greater Water' Cal-
trop has a Root which grows fomewhat long , and
full of Joints , with a Tuft of Hairs or fibres at
each of them, from the head oj this Root lying un-
der Water , rife up feveral long ftender fool folks.

Herbs. 145

which riflng jrom the bottom of the Water , mount
above the Jame -, at the top of each of which, there
are broad , and more than half round Leaves, in fome
places Spotted on the under fide, and dented about
the Edges. The footftalks on which thefe Leaves
find, are f mailer at the lower end next the Root ,
than they are at top of the Water next to the Leaves •*
Among thefe Leaves rife up fappy round Stalks, no
higher than the Leaves, bearing whit if? flowers at
the Tops. After which come thick, hard, and Woody ,
almoll round heads, with three or four fbarp pricks
or points flicking out, of the bignefs of Hafte j\utsi
and blackifh in fome places : fome of them are en-
large as great Walnuts, having a Jwcet white Kernel
within , which is not much unlike to a Chef nut. This
bruit, with its outward Husk, or Shell, is hard, triL
angled, Jharp point e l and prickly, in fhape almoftt like
to thofe things called Caltrops, zohich in War they
caft in the way of the Enemy , to annoy the feet of
their Horfes, and jrom whence this Plant took its
name. The Kernel is tafted almoft like a Che ft nut,
and are ufually eaten green : A nd being dried, they
are ground to pouder, and fo ferve to make Bread

of

IV. The former leffer Caltrop, the whole Plant ,
is commonly covered over with Water, having very
long, J. lender , creeping Roots, from whofe feveral
Parts or Joints come forth divers Tujts of Jmall
fibres or Strings, zohich take hold of the A\ud.
from this Root, at the lower Joints thereof come
forth thin, flat, knotty Stalks, of a reddijh color ,
three, four, or jive feet long, or longer, according to
the depth of the Water in which it grows -, zohich
being ary, are pliant, and flexible, and jit for many
occaflons. They are divided tozvards the Top, into
many Parts or Branches, carrying jingle Leaves at
the lower Joints, on both fldes, being about tzvo Inches
long, and half an Inch broad, thin, and almoft t ran ft
parent, or as it were Jhining : fo waved, wrinkled ,
or crumpled on the Edges, that they Jeem to be tor n^
and for the moft part of a reddijh green color. The fool -
ft alks are fomewhat long and thick, and rife up from
among thoj'e Leaves, which always grew two, one op-
poflle againft another , in a contrary manner to thofe
which grow below on the Stalk, from the Joints
V with

Salmon j* Herbal. Lib. I.

w'ith the Leaves come forth fmall Footflalks , bearing
at their ends fmall. , whitifh , long and thick flowers.
Gerard fays, out of thefe Stalks , at the Tops , £raur
ywa// Grape-like Husks , 0//r of which fpring fmall
reddijh Flowers, like thofe of the Oak , mry Flower
having four very fmall round topt Leaves : after
every blower , /hf7'0 com commonly four Jharp point-
ed Grains growing together, containing within them
a little white Kernel.

V. The latter fmall Water Caltrop, h.w a Root

not much unlike to fhe former , but longer , and f uller
of fingle fibres or Strings. From whence fpring up
Stalks , iw/ rfj- the former, but round kneed , and

always bearing two Leaves at every Joint , one op-
pofite again (l the other , greener , fhorter , and lejfer
than the other , Jharp pointed , and not much wrinkled
or crumpled on the Edges. Clufius yVyr, that they
are not at all crumpled. But our Englifh Herborijts
never olfervcd any without crumples or wrinkles.
The Flowers grow onfhort fmall Foot folks , 0/" 0 whi-
tifh green color , //Rr thofe of Mufcatella Cordi, 00/-
/0c/ by Gerard,, Radix cava minima viridi fiore, /<?
o?/>, /«w flowers at the top of every Foot folk, one op-
pofite againfi another , tfwry flower containing four
fmall Leaves : which two flowers being paf , there
comes up eight fmall Husks , making fix fever al ways
a fqitare of flowers.

VI. The P/Wr. The greater is found in feveral
Lakes and moift places in Germany, as alio in Bra-
bant and Flanders , and in many places of Italy near
the Sea. One Fincham a Merchant of London found
it in the Eaf Indies in the Mogul's Countrey, where
it grew like a Weed in moft Ponds there, the Ker-
nel of which, he fays, is much eaten by the Natives.
See Purchas his Pilgrims , lib. 4. cap. 4. fett. 7. pag.
429. Cordus fays it grows in Germany in Muddy
Lakes and Places, and in Ditches which have Mud
in them, as alfo in Standing Waters, and fometimes
alfo in Running Waters. And Matthiolus lays, it
grows not only in Lakes of Sweet Water, but alfo
in Ditches by the Sea fide near to Venice. The fe-
cond or former lejfer grows in Handing Waters, or
Pools, Ditches, or Fifh Ponds : It was found in
Ponds adjoining to a diflblved Abby called Durford.
which divide Hampjhire and Suffex , and in other
Handing Waters in feveral places. The third or
latter fmall grows plentifully in the River by Drox-
ford in Hampfljire.

VII. The Times. They all Flower in June and
July , and give their Fruit or Seed in Auguft.

VIII. The Qualities. They are all cold and moilt
in the firlt Degree, and more Watry than the Land
Caltrop. They are Emollient, Reperculfive, Nephri-
tick, Alterative and Alexipharmick.

IX. The Specification. They are good againfi the
Obltruflions of the Reins, Gravel, Tartar in the
Urinary Paffages, heat of Urine, and pilfing of
Blood.

X. The Preparations. You may make therefrom,
1. A liquid Juice. 2. A Decoflion. 3. A diflilled
Water. 4. /I Lotion. 5. A Cataplafm. 6. The
Nuts. 7. A Pouder of the Nuts *

The Virtues.

XL The liquid Juice. Being applied, it cures an
Eryfipelas 5 and is good againfi Inflammations in any
part of the Body ^ and cures the King’s-Evil, Run-
ning Sores, or Ulger's, by wafhing with it.

XII. The Decoblion. If made in White Wine, or
in Wine and Water, it opens the ObfiruUions of the
Reins and Ureters, expels Tartar, Sand and Gravel,
out of the Urinary Parts, and helps Raiding of the
Water.

XIII. The Diflilled Water. If it is drunk with a
little Roch Allum diffolved in it, it flops the pifling
of Blood, and is profitable againfi the Diabetes.

XIV. The Lotion. It is made of the DecoUion in
Water with the addition of Honey j Gerard fays,
it perfectly cures Cankers of the Mouth, Throat, Al-
monds, and fore Gums.

XV. The Cataplafm of the Herbs. Diof corides fays,
it is good againfi all forts of Inflammations, or hot
Swellings. It may be profitably applied in a hot
Gout, after fufficient cleanfing of the Body, both
with Emeticks and Catharticks.

XVI. The Nuts. Eaten raw, they refill Poifon,
and are faid to be good againfi the bitings of Ve-
nomous Bealls : Eaten allb, and drinking White
Wine with them, they are faid to be good againfi
Stone and Gravel. In like manner eaten, and allb
beaten, and applied to the place, they refill the Poi-
fon of the bitings of Venomous Bealts.

XVII. The Pouder of the Nuts. Gerard lays, it
is given to fuch as pifs Blood, and are troubled with
Gravel, and that it binds the Belly. It is doubt) els
a lingular thing againfi the Bloody Flux, and other
Fluxes of the Bowels, if it is given from a dram, to
two drams, in a Glafs of Sherry, or Madera Wine:
Being dried, and ground to Pouder in Quantities, a
plealant kind of Bread may be made thereof.

CHAP. CVIII.

C A M O M I L.

I. qp H E Names. It is called in Greek , by Diof-
1 corides , ’A vd&i/is * by Tbeopbrcrfl res 'Ar&fpr ■*
by Lome AiuKFMut< (from the whitenefs of the Flow-
ers: ) alfo XuuAy-ixr.v, quod Mali odorem habet, from
having the 1‘mell of Apples. It is called in Lari 7,
Chamxmelum , and Chamomilla , alfo A •mhemis, and
I eucanthemum : In Englifh , Commit.

IL The

— ", ' '■

Chap. 108. Eaglijh Herbs ,

47

II. The Kin Is. There are four ieveral kinds here-
of, viz. i. The Common Garden kind, which is cal-
led in Latin, Chamomilla hortenfis , and Chamamelum
bortenfe. 2. The Naked Hovered, called Cham a-
melum nudum. 2. T he Double Jlowred, called Cha-
inamelum fore plena, and Chamzmelum Anglic um
flore multiplici. 4. The Roman, called Cham £ me lum
Romanum. As for the Wild Kinds, or Cotula, Par-
ktnfon thinks them to be not fo much of the Camo-
nul kind, as of the Partbenium, or Leather few, of
which fee May Weed.

III. The Defcriptions. The Common Camomil
has a fmall and fibrous Root , f rom whence fpring
many weak and feeble Branches, trailing or leaning
to the ground, which take bold on the Top of the
Earth as it runs, whereby it much encreafes. The
Leaves are very fine, and much jagged, or deeply
cut , of a very ftrong fweet fmell. Among which , at
tops of the Branches come forth Flowers like unto
the Field Dafie, having a border of fmall white
Leaves, with yellow thrums in the middle, crouded
clofe together, as is that of the Dai fie, or Feat her jew,
but larger, and not fo hard, but more foft and gentle
in handling * which give a fmall whil e Seed, not ob-
ferved by many, but being fowed, or caft into the
ground, will bring forth Plants cut other Seed
doth .

IV. The Naked flowred, has Roots, Leaves, Stalks
and Branches like to the former, and creeping upon
the Surface of the Earth as that doth • but its Leaves
are finer, andfhorter, end it bears naked Flowers,
which confift only of the middle yellow Thrum, with-
out any pale or border of white Leaves round about
it, and f melli ng as fweet cut the former. The whole
Plant is of a pleafing fmell, for which reafon J'ome
have given it the Epithite of Odoratum, as Gerard
fays.

V. The Double flowred has alfo Roots, Leaves,
Stalks and Branches like to the firfl, it creeps as

much on the ground, and yet grows higher, and mo/ e
upright : Its Leaves are of a f re (her green color •
and in its Flower the white Leaves going round the
fame are manifold, or much 'doubled, info much that
the yellow thrumb in the middle, id little fee ft, fo
that it fee ms but a little yellow jh fpot. This Plant
is of a fweet er Scent than the fir If and is more ten-
der to be kept in Winter. It has alfo Seed in the
middle of the Flowers, which being binken and caft
into the Ground, will produce Double fiowred Ca-
momil.

VI. The Roman Camomil, has a Root fdmewhat
thicker than the former, but fibrous withal, from
whence rife up many fender Stalks, yet ftiffer, and
ftronger than any of the others, for which reajon it
ftands more upright, and does not creep upon the
Earth , as the reft do. The Leaves are fine, but ra-
ther jhorter, and of a more whilifh color, tending
fomethirtg to the color of Woad Leaves : the t lowers
are like to the firjf, having a jingle border oj white
Leaves, and a clofe yellow Thrumb in the middle,
after which comes fmall white Seed, like that in the
Common Camomil : The whole Plant has a very fweet
Scent.

VII. The Places. The firft grows in mod Gardens
throughout England, befides it grows Wild ( as
Parkiitfon fays) in many places of this Land : the
other three kinds grow with us only in Gardens.

VIII. The Times. They flower ior the molt part
through all the Summer Months, and their Seed
comes to perfection in the time of flowering.

IX. The Vitalities. They are all of them hot and
dry in three : Aperitive, Anodyne, Digeftive, Dil-
cuflive, Diuretick, Sudorihck, Alterative* and Alexi-
pharmick.

X. The Specification. The Egyptians dedicated
it to the curing of Agues : and experience has con-
firm'd it an admirable thing agairit D.leales of the
Pleura.

XI. The Preparations. There are, 1. A liquid
Juice. 1. An Efien'ce. 3. A Syrup . 4. An Infu-
fion. 5. A Decoflion. 6. A Ponder. 7. An Oil by
Infufion. 8. An Ointment. 9. A Balfiim. 10. A

V 2 Cataplafm*

,

XII. The liquid Juice. Ir is Antifcorbutick, re-
fills the Infe&ion of the Plague ; and being taken
inwardly to four or fix ounces, two hours before
the coming of the Fit of an Ague, whether Quoti-
dian, Tertian, or Quartan, it commonly cures it at
three or four Dofes ^ belides which it cures an ex-
quifito Pleurifie, more expecially if a little Salt of
Blood ( whether of Man or Beaft ) is added to it,
and this I have had experience of in my own Per-
fon, apd fince that have cured feveral others by the
fame Medicament. It provokes the Terms in Wo-
men, opens the Urinary palfages, and gives eafe in
the Strangury to a Miracle.

XIII. The Effcnce. It has all the Virtues of the
former, belides which it facilitates the Birth, and
brings away the Child, whether dead or alive, as al-
fo the After-birch : It caufies a free Breathing, is
good againft Colds, Coughs, Althma’s, and other
Obftrucf ons of the Lungs, as alfo Stitches in the
Side. Dole four ounces, Morning and Evening.

XIV. The Syrup. Made of the Juice of Double-
flowred Camomil, faith Bauhinus , but of our Com-
mon Garden Camomil, lay Lena and Label, with
the Flowers alfo, and a little White Wine, being
taken three or four lpoonfuls at a time, is a reme-
dy againlt the Jaundice and Droplie, as alfo the evil
difpolition of the Spleen.

XV. The Infufion. If it is made in White Port
Wine, it provokes Urine, opens ObftruUions of the
Urinary Parts, expels Sand, Gravel, and Tartar, and
helps a ft inking Breath. It has the Virtues of the
Juice and Elfence, but not altogether fo power-
ful.

XVI. The Decotfion. If made in Wine, or part
Wine part Water, and taken inwardly, it has the
Virtues of the Juice and Eflence, but very much
weaker, yet it prevails powerfully againft the Cho-
lick : P arkinfon fays, it takes away all Pains and
Stitches in the Sides. Tired Limbs being bathed
therewith, it takes away their Wearinels, and eafes
Pains to what part of the Body foever it is applied.
It comforts the Nerves that are over-ftrained, mol-
lifies Tumors, and difculfes thofe which are not
very hard $ and moderately comforts thofe parts
which have need of warmth, or are chill’d by any
Cold Paralytick Humor.

XVII. The Louder. Made of the dried Herb, but
chiefly of the Flowers, being given from half a
dram, to one dram, it helps the Griping of the Guts,
Wind, and Pain of the Stomach.

XVIII. The Oil by Infufion of the Flowers in Oil
Olive. If the Perfon troubled with an Ague, be
anointed with this Oil, before a good fire, from the
Crown of the Head to the Soles of the Feet, and
after that, be laid to Sweat in a Bed, being fo warm
covered that they may Sweat well, it cures ir, let
the Ague be what it will. This is an JEgyptian
Medicine, and Galen feems to confirm it : For he
faith, that the Sophi of JEgypt , Confecrated this
Herb to the Sun, for its Virtue in curing all forts of
■Agues. But therein, fays Galen , they were decei-
ved, for it cures only thofe where the Humors are
already digefted ^ but it is very profitable ( fays he)
lor all other, forts of Agues, which come either
from Flegm or Melancholly, or from an Inflamma-
tion of the Bowels ^ for thefe ( fays he ) Camomil
is a Sovereign Remedy to be applied, the Humors

being firft Concocted. It is good againlt cold Gouts
coldnefs of the Limbs, and Pains and Aches proceed-
ing from Cold and Moifture.

XIX. The Ointment. It heals Wounds in a Cold,
Scorbutick habit of Body, gives eafe. in the Gout,'
and mollifies Tumors proceeding from an afflux of
Humors.

XX. The Balftim. It is more excellent for heal-
ing Wounds than the Ointment, and being mixed
with other proper things, it brings Apoltems and
Tumors to fuppuration, and prevails fingularly a -
gainft the Gout, whether it proceeds from a' hot
or a cold Caufe, and it will be fo much the more
effectual, if Camphir be added to it, which contains
in it a fubtil Fire, which draws forth the Eflence
of the Gout through the Pores of the Skin.

XXI. The Cataplafm. Being applied, it is ufeful
to difcufs, or diffolve Tumors, and Wind, in any
part of the Body, and to eafe Pains and Aches in
the Joints. Being applied to the Ribs, and Hypo-
chonders, as hot as it can be endured, it eafes the
Spleen, expels Wind, and gives immediate relief in
the pains of the molt exquifite Pleurifie : It alfo
takes away Pains and Stitches in the Sides, removes
fhortnefs of Breath, and caufes prefently an eufinefs
of breathing.

XXII. The Di ft i lied Water. It is good againft
fainting of the Heart and Spirits, is good againft
Vapors and Fits of the Mother, as alfo Pains and
Diftempers of the Spleen ^ but it is chiefly ufed as
a Vehicle to convey the other Preparations of this
Plant into the Body : fix ounces of it being drank with
a fcruple or half a dram of Salt of Camomil dilfol-
ved in it, prevails wonderfully againft ftoppage of
Urine, and fo is helpful againft the Strangury.

XXIII. The Spirituous Tintfure. Made from the
Flowers, or the Herb and Flowers together, it pre-
vails againft Fainting and Swooning Fits, coldnefs
of the Stomach, and ficknefs at Heart. It comforts
all parts which have need of warmth ; it digefts
crude Humors, difculfes Wind in the Stomach and
Bowels, alleviates the Pains and Torments of the
Belly, and provokes Urine gently : It induces Sweat,
and expells cold Aches and Pains in what part of
the Body foever.

XXIV. The Acid Tintfure. It digefts, loofons,
eafes Pain, is highly Antifebritick, Anticolick, and
ftrongly Diuretick. It powerfully opens ObftruUi-
ons of the Lungs, and helps fuch as have a fhortnefs
of Breath, difficulty of Breathing, are Hoarfe, and
Wheeze much, fo as in a manner they have loft
their Voice. It Attenuates, Cleanfes, Purges, Opens,
ExpeUorates tough Flegm, and is profitable for all
Difeafes of the Breft, caufed by the Afflux of moift
and fiegmatick Humors, whether Thin or Thick,
Tough, Rotten, or Corrupted, caufing the fame to
be fpit forth. You may make it pleafant and grate-
ful with Syrup of Violets, or Clovegillifipwers, or
a pure Tinflure of Spanifh Juice of Liquorice,, and
fo to be taken often in the Day, and that for many
Days together.

XXV. The Oily Tintfure. This being rubbed in
daily, Morning and Night, before a good Fire, all
along the Back-bone, from the Head to the Anus,
and alfo over all the affected Limbs, it cures a Pal-
fie above moft other things in the World. It alfo
cures Rheumatick Pains, being well anointed upon
the parts affefted twice a Day, and continued for
fome time. It expels Cold, eafes Pains, difculfes cold
and windy Tumors, eafes the Pains of the Fleur a,
and After-pains of Women in Child-bed, being a-
nointed a little above the Share Bone, and twenty
drops of it given inwardly, in a Glafs of Canary.
In all outward applications, if you add a little Cam-
phire to it, one ounce of Camphir to a pound of

the

Chap, i op. ‘EngUjh 'Herbs .

the Tinfcture, it makes it fo much the more power-
ful and effectual.

XXVI. The Saline Tin Jure. It may be given
from half a dram to a dram, in White Wine, againft
Stone, Gravel, Sand, and Tartarous Matter in the
Reins and Bladder ^ it opens Obftruftions of the
Urinary parts, and of the Womb ; is good againft
Vapors, and Fits of the Mothers, and diflolves Co-
agulations in the Pleura. Outwardly ufed, it is
good againft the Gout, or any other Pains proceed-
ing from a cold Caufe.

XXVII. The Spirit. It is a lingular Cordial,
chears the Heart, revives the Spirits, ftrengthens
Nature, and makes the Body able to withftand Dif-
eafes. It is good againft Convulfions, and prevails
much againft Wind, Fainting and Swooning Fits,
Vapors, and Diftempers of the Womb, for which it
is a Specifick. It comforts the Head, Nerves, and
Brain, and is fo great a Stomatick, that there is
but lew greater. Dofe two drams, being dulcified.

XXVIII. The Difilled Oil. It is a famous thing
for the Head, Nerves, Womb, and Joints ^ and there-
fore is good againft Vertigo’s, Apoplexies, Epilep-
lies, pain of the Stomach, Convulfions, Fits of the
Mother, Palfies, Lamenefs of the Limbs, and all
forts of Rheumatick pains. In Difeafes of the Head
and Nerves, as Palfies, it ought to be anointed down
the Back-bone, as alfo upon the parts affe&ed ^ and
is alfo to be given inwardly in a Glals of Wine,
from three drops to twelve or fixteen : drop it firft
into White Sugar, which mix well, then dilfolve it
in the Wine, and fo let the Patient drink it up. In
Vertigo’s, Apoplexies, Epilepfies, Convulfions, Sto-
mach Pains, and Mother, it needs only to be given
inwardly. Morning and Evening, as dire&ed

XXIX. The Potentates or Powers. They have all
the Virtues of the Juice, Eflence, Tin&ures, Spirit
and Oil, and indeed more fubtil and penetrating,
piercing like Lightning thro’ the Univerlal Frame $
and may be given Morning, Noon, and Night, in
fome proper Vehicle, from one dram to two or three
drams, according to age and ftrength.

XXX. The Elixir. It has the Virtues of Juice,
Effence,Tin£ture, Spirit, Oil and Powers •, but much
more fubtil, and effe&ual to ail the purpofes in-
tended : it is lingular in the Cure of a Pleurifie be-
yond moft other things. Dofe from one to two
drams.

XXXI. The Fixed Salt. It is Angularly Nephri-
tick, and Antipleuretick ^ eafes Pains in the Reins,
opens Obftru&ions of the Urinary parts, diftolves
the Congelation of Blood in the Pleura , Womb
and carries off the Seminalities of thofe Dileafes by
Urine. Dofe half a dram.

II. The Kinds. There are many kinds ot it $ but
thofe which are only Common with us, are thele
following five : i. Anonis jpinofa fire purpurea
Common Reft Harrow, with purplifh flowers!
2. Anonis Jpinofa, fore albo , Reft Harrow, with
white Powers. 2. Anonis Jpinofa lutea minor , Reft
Harrow, with yellow Powers, the lefler. q. Anonis
non Jpinofa fore purpurea , Reft Harrow not thorny,
with purple Poweis. Anonis non Jpinofa lutea
major. Reft Harrow not thorny, with' yellow Pow-
ers the greater.

CHAP. CIX.

I. H E Names. It is called in Greek by Diof-
i. corides and Piny , Uiwit : by Galen and Theo-
phrastus, ’Ovcoyif : In Latin, Anonis, and Ononis :
Alfo Arefta Bovis,Refta Bovis , Remorum Aratri :
becaufe that the Roots of it being very tough, and
fo deeply and ltrongly faftned in the Ground, it
caufes the Oxen which draw the Plough to be as it
were at a Hand for the firft pull, and fb flops the
Plough Share, that it cannot fo readily go on. In
Englijh it is called Cammock, or ReJt Harrow.

Resr harrow

III. The Defcriptions. The firft ■ and Common
Reft Harrow, which rs frequent , as well in Arah'e
L?x Wafe Grounds,- and By- lands, - has a Reel which

i*

1 50 Salmon s ‘herbal. Lib. I.

is olackijh on the oat Jide , and. zoivtijb within , very
tough and hard to break , whilft it is freff and green ,
rftfi ax hard and tough as a horn when it is dried ,
l hr lifting it Jeff down very deep into the ground ,
and [pleading it J'elf likewife far about , mry ////A’
piece, though cut off from the Stock , being apt to
grow again , if it be left in the ground, trout this
Root it rifes up, with divers tough woody twigs, two
or three beet high, fet at the Joints without order,
with little round iff Leaves, fometimes more than
two or three at a place , oj a dark green color, with-
out thorns while they are young, but afterwards ar-
med, or fur niffed with them in fever a l places, the
! thorns being jhort but J harp . The blowers come
forth at the top of the Twigs and Branches, whereof
'it is full, in faff ion much like to Peafe or Broom -
bloffoms, but lefjer , flatter, and fomewhat clofer, of a
faint purpliff color. They being paft away, there
fucceed fmall Pods or Cods, containing within them
final l, flat, and round Seed.

IV. The fecond Kelt Harrow differs not from the
former in the Root, Stalks, Branches, Thorns , nor in
the J, caves, five that thefe are of a little freffer
green color but the chief difference u in the blow-
ers, which are very white in fotne places more than
in others -, in all other things they are alike.

V. The third, which is the Letter yellow prickly
Rett Harrow with us ( for the greater grows not in
England ) has Thorns or Prickles thereon as the
others : But the Plant is lower, and J mailer, not ri-
fling little above half a foot high, not differing in any
other great matter from the l aft.

VI. The fourth, which is) be Purpltth Reft Har-
row without Prickles, has no other difference in it
from the firtt or Common Cammock, but in this ,
that it has no Thorns or Prickles upon the Sprigs or
Branches , no not in the Autumn, or declining part
of the Lear, when the other will be full of them. Oj
this fort there is one alfo which beareth white blow-
ers, which makes all the difference.

VII. The fifth and la ft has a Root which is long,
tough, rough, and blue kff, fpr ending much about:
from this Root fpring forth fevcral woody Twigs,
very flexible and tough, branching forth on all fldes,
covered with a browniff red Bark, Jet pretty thick
with Leaves, which are for the mo ft part three
ffanding together upon a long b'ootftalk , not much
unlike to 'Trefoil, but fomewhat fmall, long, and nar-
row, with notches at the ends, much oveijpread with
a ftrong Scented clamminejs, which will flick fo faff
to the Hands of thofe which touch them, ejpeciahy
in the heat of the Lear, and in hot Countries, that it
is difficult to get off again. At Tops of the Branches
or Twigs, ffand many Beafe-blojfom-like blowers, oj
a fair yellow color, which being paft away, there
comes forth fmall and long Cods, with a crooked pant
at the end of each, in which is contained fmall flat-
tiff Seed : of this there is a lefferfort -, alfo another
with a more reddiff blower.

VIII. The Places. The firtt, fecond, and fourth
grow in many places of England, both in Arable
Land, and Watte Grounds. The third, Lobel faith
he found growing both about London and Briftol -,
but Par km [on lays, he never found it growing na-
turally. The fifth and lait I found in feveral places
of blonda, as in the Southern Provinces of Carolina.
It alio grows about Narbone and A lonpeliere in
Prance-, as alfo in -Spain and Portugal.

IX. The Times. They all Flower about die be-
ginning or middle of July, and the Seed is ripe in
AugufE

X. The Qualities. Galen fays, that the Root of
Roll Harrow is hot in the third Degree ; it is alfo
drying, but feems not to exceed the lecond Degree :
It is Abfterfive, Aperitive, Aftringent, Diuretick,

1'raumatick, or V uinerary * Nepnritick, /trdintick,
and Alterative.

IX. The Specification. It is peculiar to deftroy
Vifcofity or Tartar in the Reins and Urinary parts,
to open their Obftruftions, and to cleanfb them.

Xll. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. A Decotfion in Wine from the Bark of the
Root. 2. A Decottwn in Vinegar from the fame.
3- A Pouder of the Jaid Bark. 4. A Dillil/ed Wa-
ter of the Roots. 5. A Spirituous Tintfure. 6. An
Acid Tintfure. 7. An Oily Tintfure. 8. A Saline
Unit ure. The Bark of the Root is that in this
Plant, which is chiefly ufed.

The Virtues.

XIII. The Decotfion in Wine. Take Reft Harrow
Roots thin fliced, four pounds : choice 'Canary a
gallon : mix and put it into a Stone Pot, which let
be dole ftopt, and let that Pot be put into a gentle
boiling Baineo for twenty four hours •, fo will you
have a noble and pleafant Medicine to open Obfcru-
dions both of Liver and Spleen, as alfo of the Uri-
nary parts, provoke Urine, and to break and drive
forth the^ Stone, as alfo Gravel and Sand out of the
Reins, Ureters and Bladder : and alfo cures the
Hemorrhoids or Piles.

XIV. The Decotfion in Vinegar. Being gargled
in the Mouth, it eafes the Tooth-ach, more eipe-
cially when it proceeds from Rheum * it alfo heals
Cankers in Childrens Mouths, and other Running
Sores, and Ulcers in the Gums, Mouth, and Throat*
if they be three or four times a day gargled, and
wafht therewith.

XV. The Pouder of the Bark of the Root. Par-
kinfon fays, it is good to provoke Urine when it is
ftopt, and to break and drive forth the Stone effe-
dually, being taken to one or two drams in gene-
rous Wine. Alatthiolus fays, that he knew divers
freed from thofe Difeafes, that ufed the laid Pou-
der in Wine for many Days together. The faid
Pouder is alfo good to help the Hernia Carnofa, or
Hefhy Rupture, which Flefhy Carnofity it con-
fumes by little and little, taking it conftantly for
fome Months together : and this it has done when
the Phyficians and Chirurgions had given them over
as delperate, or no other ways to be cured, but by
Cutting, &c. being ftrewed upon the hard, callous
brims or edges of Ulcers-, or if the faid Pouder be
mixed with Honey, or with any proper Balfam,
and applied, it confumes the hardnefs, and caufes
the Ulcer to heal.

XVI. The D iff i lied Water of the Roots. To eve-
ry pound of the Roots fliced, put a quart of Cana-
ry : digeft forty eight hours warm, then draw off
the Water to drynefs in a gentle Baineo. It is good
tor all the purpofes aforeiuid, and to cleanfe the
paffages of the Urine, not fullering any Tartarous,
Vifcous or Clammy matter to gather together in
thofe parts, fo as to harden, or become a Stone.

XVII. The Spirit uous'Tintf ure. It is a very good
Stomatick, and admirably ttrengthens the Bowels,
flopping Vomiting, and all lores of fluxes thereof,
as Diarhara’s, Dylemeria’s, Lienteria’s, and the He-
patick f lux : and although it purges, and dear.les
the Urinary parts of any Preternatural Matter lodg-
ed in them, yet it flops and cures pilling of Blood,
and fpeedily heals any Wound or Ulcer in thofe
parts.

XV III. The Acid Tintfure. ft is more Stomatick
than the former, and an excellent Styptick ^ it Hops
fpitting of Blood, and heals Ulcers of the Lungs,
if given in a proper Vehicle * and by its Aperitive.
Abiterfive, and Incifive power, it breaks to pieces!

Chap. iio. Unghjh Herbs.

or diffolves Gritty Stones in the Reins or Bladder.
Dofe fixty or eighty drops, in Ale, Beer, or Wine.

XIX. The Oily Tintture. This is more excellent,
if there is any Woand or Ulcer in the Reins or
Bladder ^ for many of thole parts being Nervous ;
this H'omogene and Oily Body wonderfully com-
forts the Parts, gently cleanfes them of all Foreign,
Tartarous, Vifcous, Clammy or Sharp Humors, pal-
liates the Pain, and in fome fhort time heals them.
If there be no Wound or Ulcer, but only Obftru-
Uions, or a weaknels in the Reins and Back, it ef-
fectually opens them, fmoothly cleanfes them, and
makes the Patient Pifs free and eafie, and withal fo
ltrengthens the Back, and eafes the Pains thereof,
as if there had never been any fuch Weaknels, or
DifaffeCtion there. Dofe twenty drops in a Glals
of Wine.

XX. The Saline Tincture. Being bathed upon
any parts affected with Pimples, Scurf, Morphew,
Dandriff, or other like Preternatural Eruptions of the
Skin, it cleanfes it, and takes them away. I was
informed by a Gentlewoman who had ufed it for
fome time, that it had taken away Tawninefs, Sun-
burnings, and Freckles, and cleared the Skin to ad-
miration. Inwardly it is given to one dram in White
Wine againlt Stone, Gravel, Sand, and other Obftru-
Ctions of the Reins.

XXI. It is reported, that in former times the
young Shoots, and tender Stalks, before' they become
prickly, were pickled up, to be eaten as a Sawce
for Meat : and that they were wonderfully com-
mended againlt a ttinking Breath, and to take away
the fmell of Wine in Inch who had drunk too
much.

CHAP. CX.

CAMPIONS, Carden.

I. T-1 H E Karnes. They are called in Creel:, by
Diofcorides and Theophraftus, a b-gyK ( from
tkyvtjr, Lueerna, ) and 'Z?.>yyjtcv, quafi lucerne fu-
niculum , for that in 'former ~ rimes they ufed the
Leaves of Campions in their Lamps, to burn inftead
of Weiks : they alfo called it 'ASaVar©-, id eft, im-
mortalis, quod diutius Venuftatem J'uam rennet : In
Latin, Lychnis, Lychnis Coronaria, Lychnis Saliva
& K ofa Grace : In Enghfh , Campions, and Rofe
Campions.

II. The Kinds. They are twofold, r. Ayyyu r..

Lychnis Coronaria , Lychnis Saliva vel
llortenfis , Garden Campions, of which in this Chap-
ter. 2. Lychnis Sy/veftris, Wild Campions, of
which in the next Chapter. The Garden Kind, are,
I. Single. 2. Double. The Single are, Lychnis
coronaria rubra /implex. The fingle red Kofe Cam-
pion. 2. Lychnis coronaria alba J. implex , The fingle
white Rofe Campion. 3. Lychnis coronaria albe-
fcens,five incarnato maculata , & non macula! a Jim-
flex, The blulh Rofe Campion, fpotted and not
fpotted. The Double, 4. Lychnis coronaria rubra
Multiplex, The Double red Rofe Campion.

III. The Defcriptions. The Single red Rofe Cam-
pion, has a Root /mall, tong, and woody, with many
fibres annexed unto it, and oft times /hoots forth
anew, and. fometimes alfo dies and perijhes. On the
lop of this Root, there are divers thick, hoary, or
wooly, long green Leaves, abiding green all the Win-
ter-, from \niong which in the end of the Spring or
beginning ofSummer, there /hoots forth two or three
hard, round, loootly Stalks, with fome Joints there -

1 5 1

on, and at every Joint two fuch like hoary g'-ccri
Leaves , as thofc below, but Jmaller, diverjly branch-
ed at the Top, having one f lower upon each fevcral
long Eootfialk, confijiing of five Leaves, fomewh.it
broad and round pointed , of a perfett Red, Crimfon
co/or,Jl ending out of a hard , long, round husk , ridged
and crcjled in four or five places : After the Elmo*
ers are fallen, there come up round hard heads, in
which is contained ' fmall blackijh Seed.

Carden Campions , red, fingle floirred.

-V. lit

1 5 2 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

iV. fhe Jecond Single white Campion, is in all
things as Roots, Leaves, Stalks, an. I ['lowers, like to
the fornier, faving only the color oj the blowers,
that being of a Red Crimfon color, this of a pure
White.

V. The third fort of Single Campions arc like
unto the former alfn, thefe other forts having no
other difference to diftinguifh them by, but the colors
(j the blowers, which arc of a pale or bleak whitifh
b/ujh color, cine fly about the brims or edges of the
Leaves, or as if a very little Red xvm mixed with a
great deal of White , the middle of the Flower being
more White ■, the one being /potted all truer the Flow-
er, with J, 'mall J 'pots and freaks, the other not having
any f pot at all.

VI. The fourth, or Double red Rofe Campion,
is in all ref pelts like unto the Single red Rofe Cam-
pion, excepting that this bears Double Flowers, con -
fif ing of two or three Rows or Courfes of Leaves at
mof , not fo latge as the Single. The whole Riant
is more tender, and therefore more apt to die or pe-
ril}] than the Single is.

VII. The Places. They are only nurs’d up with us
in Gardens : both Single and Double are only by Na-
ture not Art : and the Double, ones have been found
lb Wild : for I could never obferve^ that any Art
or Induftry of Man could ever fo alter the proper-
ties of Nature, tho’ by never fo many repetitions
oh Tranfplantations, and Obfervation of the Phafes
of the Moon -, as to make any Flower Single by
Nature, to become Double, tho1 many Men have af-
firmed the fame ^ and of this Opinion was Parkin-
Jbn, who fays. That whatfoever has been found Wild
to be Double, Nature it felf, and not Art, fo pro-
duced it, and fo was brought into Gardens, where
they are much encreafed by flipping, and parting
the Root, becaufe they give no Seed.

VIII. The Times. They do all of them flower in
the Summer Months, through May, June and July,
to the end of Auguf.

IX. The Qualities. The Seed, which is chiefly
ufed, is hot and dry in the fecond Degree. It is
Vulnerary, Alterative, and Alexipharmick.

X. The Specification. It is peculiar againft the
Poifon of Scorpions.

XI. The Preparations. There are but few Prepa-
rations of this Plant $ the chief things taken from
it are the Leaf, and the Seed : of which there are
ufed, i. The Green Leaf i. The Ponder oj the
Seed. 3. The Spirituous TinUure. 4. The Acid
TinUure.

The Virtues .

XII. The Green Leaves. Being applied whole,
or beaten in a Mortar into a Cataplafm, with a lit-
tle Hogs Lard and Turpentine, and applied to any
old or foul Ulcers in the Legs, Arms, or other parts 9
it does cleanfe and heal them.

XIII. The Pouder of the Seed. Galen affirms it
to be hot and dry in the fecond or third Degree.
And Diofcorides fays, that being drunk in Wine, it
helps thole who are flung by a Scorpion •, ani fo it
is alfo thought to be good againft the malignity of
the Plague or Peftilence. Dole one dram at a time,
Morning and Evening.

XIV. The Spirituous TinUure. It has the former
Virtues, but more powerful . againft the Plague or
Peftilence, the Spotted Fever, bitings of Serpents,
Mad Dogs, or other Venomous Creatures. Dofe
half a fpoonful, or a lpoonful, in a Glafs of W ine,
Morning and Evening.

XV. The Acid TinUure. It has the Virtues of
the former, is more Stomatick, and more powerful-
ly refills the Malignity or Poifon of the Plague, it
deftroying that, and the Fever together. Dolefixty
or eighty drops, or more, in generous Canary.

CHAP. CXI.

Of CAMPION S Wild

1. 'TA H E Karnes. They are called in Greek

JL 0 f««t x} ayes* : In Latin , Lychnis Sylvefris :
and in Englifh, W ild Campions.

II. The Kinds. They are manifold, as, 1. Single.

2. Double. The Single are, 1. Lychnis Sylvefris
fore albo fimplex. Wild Campions with a white
Flower. 2. Lychnis Sylvefris fiore rubro fimplex.
Wild Campions with a red Flower. 3. lychnis
Sylvefris fiore rubro minor fimplex. The Idler red
Campion with a red Flower. 4. Lychnis Sylvefris
vel Segetum Vaccaria rubra diUa, Corn Campion.
5'. Lychnis Marina alba Lf rubra. The Sea Campion
white and red. 6. Lychnis arvenfis minor Anglic a.
The Englifh fmall Wild Campion with a white
Flower. 7. Lychnis pi urn aria Sylvefris fimplex.
Armor aria pratenfis. The feathered Wild Campion
Ample.

III. The Double Wild Campions, are, 1. Lychnis
plumaria Sylvefris multiplex, Armoraria pratenfis
fiore pie no. The feathered Wild Campion Double.
2. Lychnis agrefis multi flora, of Lobe l Ocymoides
fiore pleno, of Camcrarius •, Lychnis Sylvefris pur-
purea multiplex, of Gerard : Flore pleno rubro, of
Parkinfon, Red Batchelors Buttons. 3. Lychnis Syl-
vifris multiflora, by Pena and Lob el -? Ocymafrum,
of Tabermontanus ■, Lychnis Sylvefris alba multi-
plex, by Gerard -, Flore albo pleno, by Parkinfon
White Batchelors Buttons. 4. Lychnis agrefis abor-
tivam mult ip lici fore viridi, Batchelors Buttons with

[ green Flowers.

IV. The

Chap. hi. ‘EngHjh

IV. The Defcriptions. The jirft of the Single
Wild Campions has a Root white and long,fpread-
ing forth divers Branches in the ground, and peril-
ing after Seed tune : from whence come forth ?nany
long and fomewhat broad, dark, green Leaves, lying
upon the ground, with fever al Ribs therein, not much
unlike to Rib-wort Riant anc, but fomewhat hairy,
broader, but not Jo long. The Stalks are hairy, and
rife up in the midji oj them, three or four feet high ,
and fome times more, with fever al large white Joints
at feveral places thereon, and two fuch like Leaves
thereat up to the Top. from thefc hairy Stalks come
forth divers Branches alfo at their various Joints,
all which bear on various Footfalks white Flowers at
their feveral Tops, confifling of five broad pointed
Leaves, every one cut in on the end unto the mid-
dle, making them to look like two apiece : they fnell
fomething fweet, and each of them ft and in a large,
green, Jtriped, hairy Husk or Cafe , large and round
below next to the tootfialk. The Seed is [mail and
grfy 'ifh in the hard heads, which come up afterwards.

V. The fecond Single Wild Campion, has a Root
like the former , which perifhes alfo after Seed-time.
This Red Campion grows after the fame manner m
the former -, but its Leaves are not fo perfectly rib-
bed, are fomething Jhorter, rounder, and more f oft
or voooly in handling. The Flowers are of the fame
form and bignefs , in fome of a pale, in others of a
bright reddifh color, cut in at the ends more finely,
which makes the cut or jagged Leaves fcem to be
more in number than the other. The Seed is like
the former, f mall and grey ijh.

VI. The third Single Red Wild Campion, which
is the leffer, has a Root like the former, which pe-
rijhes after Seed-time, at they do : This whole Riant
is very like the foregoing *, but fmaller and lower ;
yet very much branched, and replenifhed with dark-
er green Leaves. The Flowers are reddifh: but
fmaller, and not fo much cut or dented in at the
ends. The Husks and Seeds are alfo like the former,
but every ways leffer.

Herbs. 1 5 3

VII. The fourth, or Corn Campion of the daf*
dens, has a Root, long, white, and woody, with feve-
ral Branches f fringing from it, ( and is but an An*
mtal Riant ) from which rifes up for the moji part
but one round Stalk, fpr ending it fe/f out every way
into feveral Branches , having two long Leaves Jet
oppofite at the Joints ^ being broad at the bottom, and
encompajfing the Stalk and Branches, not much un-
like to Through-wax, ending in a fnall point, of a
pale green color. At the Tops of the feveral Branch-
es, p and divers Flowers, confif ing of four Leaves a
X " piece.

I

54

Salmon’/ 'Herbal. Lib. I

piece, »f “ polo re.i color ; which being pa/} away ,
conic jorth Skinny Hush, containing fmall, round ,
hard, black Seed. 1 his Plant jor the beauty of its
flowers, is brought into, and nurfed up in our Gar-
dens.

VIII. The fifth, or Sea Campion White. It has a
long Pender Root , which abides many Tears, from
whence fprings up feveral weak, flexible Branches ,
lying a!/ about upon the ground, ( which Branches are
much divided into many other /mailer ones ) two or
three feet long ; thick fet with final! , long, fat,
and whitijh green Leaves. At the top of every
Branch funds one Jhort, thick, whitijh green Husk ,
parted or cut in at top -, out of which fprings forth
a J'mall long neck'd white flower, not much unlike
to that of the f pat ling Poppy, and as while, compofed
of five final/, round pointed Leaves, with fome black-
ifh threads in the middle : which being paffed away,
there comes forth Husks like thofe of the other
Wild Campions, containing within them fmall brown
Seed.

IX. T he Red flower’d Sea Campion differs not
from the former, neither in its Root, Stalks, Branch-
es, Leaves, flowers. Husks, nor Seed, nor yet in the
manner of growing , excepting only in the color of
the flower, this being of a fine pleafint Red, where-
as the former is White : Jo that fome have thought
it to be one and the fame Species, Nature only fport-
ing it f elf in the variety or color of the flower : this
Plant Herborjts call m Latin, Lychnis Marina More
rubello, Red flower'd Sea Campion.

X. T he fixth, or Englifh fmall white Field Cam-
pion, has a Root which is fmall and white, and pe-
rifhes every % Tear ; front whcitfe fpring forth Leaves,
which are fmall and hairy, not much unlike to the
fmall MouJ'e Ear : and from among which fprings
forth a /lender fmall Stalk, fometimes but one , which
is fingle of it fejf and fometimes many, not exceed-
ing a foot high. At every Joint two Leaves are fet
together, f mailer than thofe l/clow, andfpotted with
white f pots from the bofom whereof viz. between
them and/ the Stalk, come forth two other Leaves,
much JmalJer than they, witlmn. anyfenfible Tafie.
The f/mcci-s arc, fmall and. white JiAe unto the other
Wild Campions. After which come fmall, long
Heads , with fmall greyafh Seed in them.

. XL T hcfevctuh,or Single Feathered Wild Cam-
pion has. a.Root very, fibrous, or full of fmall firings,
from whence fprings forth a Stalk; ; as a/fa Leaver'
fomewhat like’ the ordinary. White- Wildl Campion’
but not Jo large , or, rather refemblmg the Leaves of
Sweet Williams, but that they grow not fo clofe
nor fo many together. The Stalks have Jmaller
Leaves at the Joints, than.thofe below, and branched
at the Top-, on which feveral Tops grow many pale,
but bright red flowers, jagged or cut in on the edges,
like the featberedPink, for which thing fake, fome
have taken it to be a kind, and fome for a kind of
Wild William ; but notwtthfiand all this, it is but
a Wild Campion, as miry, eajily be obferved from fe-
veral other parts of the Plant. It has a Husk which
bears the f lower, like the Campions, and alfo round
greyijh Seed.

Double Wild Campions.

Xfl Jhefirft of thefe ( in our Account ) is the
Double Feathered Wild Campion, which in its Roots
Stalks, Branches, Leaves, Flowers, Husks, and Seed
IS like unto the Single Feathered Wild Campion!
excepting only in two things, i. That the flowers
are very Double. 2. That the whole Plant in its
magnitude and manner of growing is Jmaller and
lower.

XIII. The fecond, or Red Batchelors Buttons has
a thick large Root, white and long, with many Bran-
ches and fibres Springing from it from whence
come up many rough broad Leaves, fomewhat woolly
and hoary among which rfe up long foft and hairy
Stalks , branched into many Arms, two or three feet
high, or more, fet with the like Leaves, but lefs •
The Leaves grow at the Joints , two oppofite one to
another, up to the top ; and. from thefe Joints other
Branches Spring forth, at top of every one of which
flowers grow compared of a multitude of Leaves
and of a red color. Thefe flowers are very double
compofed of a great many red Leaves, very thickly
puckt or crouded together, and commonly fet in a
Jhort or broken Husk, whereby the flowers feem to
Jland on one fide ; but are not jagged, or cut in on
the tops, as the flowers of other Campions are, but
altogether fmooth. It is like in all its parts to the
firji Single Wild Campion as to its manner of grow-
ing, excepting that it is every ways Irfs , and its
f lowers are Red, and very Double.

XIV. The third, or White Batchelors Buttons .•
As the Leaves of the former Red Buttons were like
unto the Leaves of the fecond Single Kind, with Red
Flowers ; fo the Leaves of this are like unto the
Leaves oj thefirft Single White Knid, and the whole
Plant differs nothing from it, but in the Doublcnefs
oj the flowers ; nor very little from the Red Bat-
chelors Buttons, but in the color of the fame thefe
being wholly White and fo very double, that by
the multiplicity of Leaves being crouded together,
they break the Husk in which the Flowers Jland,
as the other does , fo that there is not one Flower in
a great many which is whole. Gerard fays , That the
fimilitude which thefe Flowers ( both oj Red and
White ) have to the jagged Cloth Buttons, formerly
worn in this Kingdom , gave occafion to our Ladies ,
and other Flortfts of thofe times , to give them the
names zohich now they bear .

XV. The.

Chap.

I I 2.

Englifh Herbs.

l55

XV. The fourth i or Green Batchelors Buttons,
have no difference from the two former in the Roots ,
St oiks , Branches , Leaves nor Seed , faving only in
the flowers , which in this are of a Greenifh color •,
tf/zi fometimes through the midft of them they fend
up Stalks , bearing alfo Tufts of the like Double
flowers.

XVI. Tfo V laces. Of thele, the three firft Single
forts grow for the moft part in our Countrey Fields,
by Hedge and Ditch fides in many parts of Eng-
land. The fourth grows in many Corn Fields in
Germany , hut with us is nourifht up in Gardens.
The fifth, or White and Red Sea Campions grow by
Hurft Caftle near the Ifle of Wight , and in the faid
Hie in many places by the Sea fide : They grow alfo
by the Sea fide in Lancafbire at a place called Ly-
tharn , five Miles from Wigan , in which place grows
that with Red Flowers alfo. Johnfon found it
alfo growing in great plenty in the Marlh Grounds
in Thanet , which lye direftly oppofite to the Town
of Sandwich : The Red has been found about
a Mile from Southampton , and both of them chief-
ly in the Southern parts of England , on the moift
Stony Banks by the Sea fide. The fixth grows in
feveral grounds by Colchefter , and in a Field called
the Mill-field, behind the Houfe of Sir Thomas Lucy's
near Colchefter. The feventh is only nourifhed up
in Gardens.

XVII. Of the Double Wild Campions , the firft
grows here only in Gardens. The fecond and
third grow Wild in feveral places, but with us are
chiefly nurfed up in Gardens, for the beauty of
their Flowers fake. The fourth alfo grows in Gar-
dens.

XVIII. The Times. They all Flower in the Sum-
mer Months of June, July and Aug u ft, fome earlier
than others, fome later, and their Seed is ripe foon
after.

XIX. The Vitalities. They are all of them hot
and dry in the fecond Degree : Aftringent and Al-
terative •, and much of the nature of the Garden
Kinds.

XX. The Specification. They have been found
good to flop the Fluxions of Blood and Humors.

XXI. The T reparations. The fame Preparations
may be made of them which we have faid to be
made of the Garden Kinds in the former Chap-
ter.

The Virtues.

XXII. Authors have laid little of their Virtues,
nor have we much to lay of them by Experience ^
the general ufe is for the beauty of the Garden, the
Flowers being very beautiful in their Seafons. Par-
kinfon fays, that being Drying and Aftringent, the
feveral Preparations of them may be profitably ap-
plied to ftay the Fluxes of Blood and Humors in
any part, and thereby alfo conduce to the healing
of old and moift Running Sores and Ulcers.

XXIII. Gerard fays, the Seed of Wild Campions
being given to two drams ( in pouder ) and fo drunk,
that it purges Choler by Stool, and is good for
them that are Bitten or Stung by any Venomous
Creature.

CHAP. CXII.

Of CATC rf-F L I E.

f-"“P H E Names. It is called in Greek by Tha-
-I- llUS , ’1^o>mijK\cv 1 by Others Avyvis ayeict. yr oi-
cSfiif : In Latin , Lychnis Stive ftris Vifcofa , Mufci-
pula ( quia mufcas capiunt ) 'Vi fc aria , Silene T heo-

phrafti , Armerius flos Q-'artus Dodcnc/, Ben rubrum
Monfpel i e n ft urn : In Englifh , Catch-ffie , and Lime-
wort : alfo by Gerard , Wild Williams.

II. The Kinds. Parkinfon will have this Plant to
be of the K inds of Wild Lychnis, or Wild Campion ■,
but Gerard fays, they are of the Stock of Wild
Pinks and Gilliflowers, and lo calls them alfo with
the other names Wild Williams. Thole which we
fhall handle in this Work are fuch as are ul'ual in
England, viz. i. Mufcipula Lobelij , Lychnis Syl*
veftris prima Clufij, five Ben-rubrum Monfpclien *
fium. The french Catch-flie. 2. Lychnis Sy veftris
If folia Clufij, Mufcipula Cretica AuricuU Vrfl-
facie, Catch-flie of Candia. 3. Mufcipula Jive Vif
caria Lobelij, Vifcago Camerarij, Ly chnis Sylvejh is
tertia Clufij, Gerard's firft Catch-flie, or Lime-wort 4
4. Mufcipula anguft folia. Lychnis Sylveftris quota
Clufij, Narrow-le;fv'd, or German Catch-flie.

erm&n

CatcA 77-

y

III. The Defcriptions. The firft has a fin dll Root±
fomewhat f ibrous, which perifhes after it has given
Seed, and afterwards rife s again of its own Seed,
if it is fuffered to fhed it fe/f If it Jheds it fclf it
fprings up in the latter end of the Tear for the moft
part, or elfe in the Spring, with five or fix fmall
Leaves, very like unto the Leaves of Pinks, and of
the fame Willow, or whit ifh green color, but a little
broader and fhorter. When it begins to fhoot up for
flower, it bears fmaller Leaves on the Clammy or
Vifcous Stalks, which Vifcofity is ftrong enough to
hold any f malt thing or flic which lights on it. Thefe
Leaves are broad at bottom, compaffing the Stalks
and Branches, being fet two at a joint, one a gain ft
another . The tops of the Stalks are dive-rfly branch-
ed into feveral parts, every Branch having divers
fmall red flowers, not notched, but fmooth, ftanding
out of fmall, long, round, ftript Husks, which often
the flowers are paft, contain fmall, greyifh Seed*
This Parkinfon accounts of the Species of Campions,
being a pretty thing to furnifh and deck out a Gar-
den.

X 2 IV. Ge-

IV. Ge-

i\. Gerard will be ue a to be a kind of Sweet
Williams, and fays , it hen many broad Leaves like
the Sweet Williams, but fhorter, fet upon a flifj
an {brittle Stalk, from the bofom of which Leaves
firing forth J' mailer Branches , clothed with the like
Leaves , but much lejs : the f lowers grow at top of
the Stalks, many together. Tuft fafhion, of a bright
red color. The whole Plant is ppfjeffed of a Vfcouf-
nefs, or Clammynefs , like the other Kinds, but in a
left proportion.

V. The fecond has a Root fmall and fibrous, from
whence come forth many Leaves lying upon the
ground, which are thick , fat, and hoary, ivhite, font e-
what like to the Leaves of the yellow Auriculi Urfi,
Bears Ears, or French Cowllips, fmooth on the edges,
and a little pointed, Which do fo abide the firfl Lear
of the Springing : the Stalk rifles up the next Lear
to the height of three or four Feet, with two Leaves
at each Joint, and Spreading on both ftdes into
Branches front the ground, which are Vifcous, Glu-
tinous and Clammy, emtfitig every light or fmall
thing to cleave thereto, rut Flies, Rif mires, Down,
Straits, &c. at the tops whereof, and at the Joints
next below them come forth many Flowers together ,
flan ling in Cluflers, but very fmalf whofe fmall
husks contain every one of them a fmall greenifh
yellow Flower, parted in two at the broad end : the
Seed is fmall and blackifh in the Husks, and gene-
rally Sows it fe,lf.

VI. The third, which is GerardV firfl, and by him
called Vifcaria or Lime-wort, and which he will have
to be of the Stock and Kindred of Wild Gilliflowers,
( not with ft a tiding Clufius has joined it with the
Wild Campions, and Lobel among the Sweet Wil-
liams ) has a Root which is large, with many Fibres,
from whence Spring many Leaves like thofe of the
Crow-flower, or Wild Sweet William, among which '
rije up many reddifh Stalks, with Knees or Joints
at certain Spaces, fet with Leaves by couples one
againfl another, at the Top of which come forth fine
Red blowers. They being pafl, there comes in place
fmall blackifh Seed. The whole Plant, as well
Leaves and Stalks as Flowers, are in mofl places
overfpread with a vety thick and vifcous or clammy
matter, like to Bird-lime, which if you touch or take
on your Fingers, the vifcoufnefs is fuch, that your
Fingers will flick and cleave together, as if you had
touched Bird-lime. If Flies alfo do light upon it,
they will be fo intangled therewith, that they cannot

flie away,Jo that in fome hot Days you may fee many
Flies caught thereby, from whence came the names.
Catch-die or Lime-wort.

VII. The fourth, or Narrow-leav’d Catch-flie,
has a Root thick and black, with many Fibres, put-
ting up new Shoots and Stalks after the firfl Lear,
and not dying every Lear, as the two lafl deferibed :
From this comes forth one Stalk a foot, or more, high ,
of a green, purplifh color : But Parkinfon fays, that
the Root fends forth divers long and narrow dark
green Leaves, lying upon the ground, pointed at the
ends,fomewhat rough or rugged, and not fully fmooth,
as many of the other forts are •, and from among thefe
Leaves, there fprings up one Stalk, and fome times
two or three, brown of color, and two or three feet
high , having two fmall Leaves fet at their Joints ,
but much fe par ate one from another, and which will
be clammy like the other in the hot Summer time :
From the middle to the top of the Stalk grow little
Branches , which upon pretty long Footflalks bear
Flowers, every Stalk one Flower by it felf , confi fling
of five little round Leaves, yet divided in the mid-
dle at the tops. Thefe Flowers are of a lively deep
red color, almofl like the Single Red Role Campion,
but with a paler red Circle at bottom, fet in green
Husks , fmaller at bottom and larger at head, in
which ( after the Flowers are pafl ) there grows fmall
Seed, and of a brownifh color.

VIII. The Places. Thefe Plants, fays Gerard, grow
wild in the Weft of England, among Corn : But
they are alfo nurfed up in Gardens, merely for plea-
fure fake, more than for any Virtues they are hither-
to known to poflefs.

IX. The Times. They flourifh and flower in the
Summer Months j and they laft not until near the
Winter Seafon ; and their Seed ripens in the mean
while.

X. As to their Vitalities, Specification, Prepara-
tions and Virtues, they may be referr’d, lays Parkin-
fon, to thofe of the other Wild Campions, where-
unto they are likeft in face, and outward appear-
ance. But Gerard fays, the Virtues of thele Wild
Williams are to be referred to the Wild Pinks and
Gilliflowers.

CHAP. CXIII.

Of CATS-TAIL.

1. 'T' H E Names. It is called in Greek , Tt/>w ; [n

JL Latin, Typha, and by fome Ceftrum Morio-
nis, as Dodonms faith ; by fome Typha aquatics,
or Paluflris, to put a difference between it, and
that kind of Typha which is among Corn, called
Typhe Cerealis : and in Englifh it is called Cats-taily
from its foft downinefs, and Reed Mace.

II. The Kinds. Authors fay it is a mean between
the Rufhes and the Reeds ■, and is threefold, i. Ty-
pha maxima. The greater, or greateft Cats-taiL

2. Typha minor. The lefler Cats-tail. 3. Typha
minima. The leaft Cats-tail.

III. The Defcriptions. The firfl of thefe has a
Root which is white, fomewhat thick, hard, knobby ,
jointed, fpreading much in the Water, full of many
long Fibres, and fweet in Tafle, if it is chewed ■, of
good ufe to burn, where there is plertty of it : From,
this Root fhoots forth feveral very long, foft and
narrow Leaves, pointed at the Ends, in a manner
three fquare, becaufe the middle on the back fide is
great, and flicks much out. Among which Leaves
rife up divers fmooth, round, and taper Stalks, fluf-
fed

Willi)

Jed with a white Pith , and not hollow, near a Man’s
height, with Joints and Leaves on them, from the
lower part upwards a good way, but bare and naked
from thence to the lop, where they have //mill, long,
and round heads, Jhcwing forth at Jirfl fome yel-
lowijb blowers, which being poll, the Torch-head or
Spike grows greater, and confifis whclly of a Towny
jubilance, of a blacklfb brown, and J onto limes of a
reddifh brown color on the out fide, and whitifh with-
in Jbmewhat folid or weighty, which yet is in time
blown away with the Wind.

IV. The fecond differs nothing from the former,
but in this, that it grows not Jo high, nor great, the
heads being alfo lefs than them of the former.

V. The third differs not from the Jccond, but in
being /mailer than it, in both Leaf an l Stalk, which
are more hard and rough ; and in the head or top ,
which in fome places bears a J. 'mailer J pike above, the
lower bang greater, with a J. 'mail di fiance between
them, and a Jmall Leaf at bottom of ft.

VI. The Places. They, grow in Pools and flan ding
Waters, and fornetimes in running Streams, as alfo
in the middle of watry Ditches or Ponds, and
by their Banks and Sides in many places of this
Kingdom. Gerard lays, he found" the frnaller fort
growing in Ditches and Marfliy Grounds in rhe
lilfe of Shepey, going irom Sherland-Houje to Fever-
Jham. I have alfo found them growing in many
places in the Fens, and in Moiit and Standing Wa-
ters in Fenny Grounds in Cambridge-Jhire, and the
We of Ely. And in the South part of Carolina, at
the head of Stono River, in the Marlhes near the
New Cut leading into Wad-wndmalow River, which
ate overflowed with every Tide, I have found them
growing plentifully.

VII. The Times. They flower in June and July,
and their Heads, Torches or Maces, are ripe in Au-
guji ;■ but the Down hardly flies away till the end
ol Auguji, or Month of September.

VIII. The Qualities. They are cold and dry in
the firll Degree .- Aftringent, and very Styptick, Al-
terative, and Analeprick.

IX. The Specification. The Down is a Specifick
to flop the bleeding of External Wounds.

X. The Preparations. You may have, r. The
Down. 2. A Ponder of it. 3. 4 Cataplafn.

The Virtues.

XI. The Down it felf. Applied dry to bleeding
Wounds, it prelently flops their bleeding : applied
to running ulcerated Kibed Heels, it quickly cures
them : fo alfo ufed to moilf Sores, and running
Ulcers, it drys almoft to a Miracle, incarnates and
heals. In the Fen Countries it is fornetimes ufed
to make Beds of, for poor People to lye on. And
mixed with Butter, as a Bait lor Rats and Mice, it
kills them by choaking them.

XII. The Poudcr of the Down. Maithio/us favs,
it is good to help the burftennefs or Ruptures of
Children, wherein rhe Intettines fall down into the
Cods. This others conteft againft, as being danger-
ous to be taken inwardly, as being rather fit to
ftrangle than help them, becaufe it choaks Rats and
Mice. But this latter opinion I think to be an Er-
ror, for as it is ufed to choak and kill Rats and
Mice, it is ufed Whole, and not in the Pouder,
whereas, if it is reduced to a very fubtil Pouder, as
Matthio/us orders it, it can no ways be able to ef-
fect any fuch thing This Pouder may be given,
lays Gerard, mixed with Pouder of Bcteny, Roots of
Gladiol , and Leaves of Horfetongue . This is to be
mixed with the Yolk of an Egg, and fo eaten - it is
( fays he ) a moll perfeft Remedy againft Ruptures
in Children, and muft be Adminiftred every Day fitt-
ing, for thirty Days together, one dram at a time:
it not only helps Children and Striplings, but grown
Men alfo, if in time of their Cure they ufe conve-
nient Ligatures or Tradings, and fit proper Empla-
fters upon the grieved place, according to Art; thus
he. lor my part I have had no Experience hereof^
and therefore can fay but little to it, having, I con-
fer not much Faith in the Prelcription, yet think
it not of fuch a dangerous confequence, as fome
would have it -, nor have I any great opinion of
any Internals, given for this kind of Rupture, for
that thoie Medicaments palling through the Inte-
Jiines, can never come aflually to the part where the
Wound is, and fo can do little in order to the Cure.

X11L T/w

Salmons 'Herbal.

X1U. The Cm aplaftn. Made into a Cataplafm
with Hogs Lard, it is laid to heal Burnings and
Scaldings with Fire or Water.

XIV. The Leaves are usually kept to make a
tine Fort of Matts of, and other like purpofes.

CHAP. CXIV.

Of CARROTS, Garden.

I. Hp H E Niuvcs. It is called in Greek , S-mei »Xv©-,
1 * T'j.’pvkU <Q- >Vf©- : Striphylinus ,

StdpbylinuT iiortcnjis , and Pufti/ii/ca tenuijolia
Hortenfis : In Eng/ijh , Carrot , and Garden Car-
rot.

II. The Kinds. Carrots are either Garden or
Wild. The Garden , are, i. Paftinaca tenui folia fa-
tivu lute a , Yellow Garden Cairocs. 2. Paftinaca
tenuijolia altera J’ativa airo-rubcn Red Garden
Carrots.

Lib. I.

is wholly red quite throughout : From this Root rife
many winged Leavey, much cut and divided into ma-
ny other Leaves ; and thofe cut again, and divided
into many farts, oj a deep green color /ike the for-
mer ; fome whereof m Autumn will turn to be of a
hue Red or Purple ^ ( the beauty of which makes fe-
ver al Perfons many times together the Leaves, to
\Uck them in their Hats, or Heads, or Befoms or
pm them on their Sleeves tnjlead of Leathers) from
among which Leaves rjes up a Stalk , bearing many
Leaves likewife upon it, but not fo high as the
Patfnip, being about a yard high, bearing many
Tufts or Vmbles of white Flowers, which turn into
Jmall rough Seedffeeming as if it were hairy , and
fuelling gratefully enough, it rubbed between the
Fingers. In a word, the whole Plant differs very
little from the former, except in the reinefs of the
Root.

V. Now here is to be noted, i. That the Tellow
Carrot is of two forts, viz. The long and the Jhort.
One 0) the long forts is of a pale yellow, and this
has the greatelt and longeft Root, and likewife the
greateft head of Green : this for the molt part is
ihe worft lbrt of Parrot, not being fo fweet and
liim as the other. The other long fort is of a deep
Gold yellow color, having a fmaller head of Green
Leaves upon it, and this is always the belt and
fweetelf. Parhnfon fays, that yellow Carrots by
fomecimes fowmg themfelves, do oftentimes make
their Roots become White. The Jhort Roots are al-
fo divided into pale and deep yellow, or Golden
color. 2. That the red Carrots, befides thofe
which are red quite throughout, there is another
whofe Root is red without for a pretty way inwards’
but the middle is yellow.

VI. The Places. They are only Sown in Gardens
or other manured Fields, chofen and fitted out for
that purpofe, aud delight to grow in a Sandy and
light ground, that their Roots may the more eafilv
pierce deep downwards, which in a itiff clay ground
they cannot fo well do.

VII. The Times. They are to be fown in March
and April, the tall year they only ftrike down their
Root ; and the year following they bring forth their
flower and Seed. In parolina I faw a Carrot above
Jour years old, which brought forth its ripe Seed in
th e fifth year : The reafon thereof I conceive to be
becaule the Mailer of the Houfe cut off every yeai?
its green Tops, that it might not Seed, whereby
the Root grew very great as alfo the green head
the f jib year, whicn was four or five times as big
as any ordmaiy Carrot head : This head he let Hand
lor Seed, and it produced him an incredible quan-
tity thereof, very fair, and nearly twice as large as
ordinary Parrot Seed.

U The Seed is hot and dry in

the hrft Degree, Aperitive, Difcuffive, Diuretick
Carminative, Stomatick, Nephritick, Hylferick, and
Alterative : The Roots are Sweet, Flatulent, Ana-
leptick, and bpermatogenetick.

IX. As to their Specification, Preparations and
Virtues, they are the fame with thofe of the Wild
Parrot, treated of in the next Chapter, to which we
refer you ; but with this note, that thefe Garden
Kinds are nothing near fo ftrong and powerfirl as
rhole of the Wild Kinds, the Seeds of both being
chiefly ufed m Medicine : As for the Roots thl
harden Kind a thoufand fold exceed the Wild for
Food, not oniy for the pleafure of Eating them,
but alfo for their Analeptick or Nouriffiing fa-

CHAP.

CHAP. CXV.
0/CARROTS, Wild.

1- ' I ' H E Names. It is called in Greek ■©-

J- ayes©- ■' In Latin, Paftinaca tenuifolia Syl -
vefiris , by Matthiolus, and others ; Paftinaca Er-
ratica, by Fuchfius, Cordus , and Tabennontanus :
Staphylinus Sylveftris , by Tragus and Ctefalpinus :
Caucus agreji is, by Galen, in libro de Aliment is,
( and yet truly it is no Caucus: ) Caucus Vulgaris
& Officinar um, by Lobe l and Clufms : and in Eng-
glijh. Wild Carrot, and Birds-ncft.

II. The Kinds. We (hall only deferibe two Kinds,
vie:, r. Paftinaca tenuifolia Sylveftris Anglica, The
EngliJJj Wild Carrot. 2. Paftinaca tennifolia Syl-
veftrts Gennanica, The German Wild Carrot.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft of thefe has a
Root, fmall, long , and hard, and therefore unfit for
meat, bang fomewhat Jharp and Jlrong .- from this
Root rife up Leaves, in a. manner altogether like the
Garden kinds, but that they are fomewhat whiter
and rougher , or more hairy, and fo are the Stalks
hkewije, which bear large [piked tufts of white
flowers, with a deep purple Jpot in the middle, part
being hollow and low, the outward Stalks r,fmg high-
er, all which are fo cro tided or controlled together
as makes the whole Umb/e Jhew, when the Seed is
ripe, like unto a Birds N eft, for which reef on it has
been called by fame Birds Neft, not much unlike to
the Flowers of the Gingidium verum.

W. The German Wild Carrot has a white Root
which k often a Foot long, fometimes fmgle, andfomc-
divided, into two or three parts , not much un -
7 1 aniSm*uto Parftey Roots, but hotter

m the Mouth for a long time. From this Root rifes
up a Stalk half a yard high , as thick as ones little
Linger at the bottom, being fomething round but
plainly crofted or cornered , very hairy and full of
joints, at which come forth large crelted Branches of
winged Leaves, encompnfjing the Stalk at bottom , a ,

foot in length, and divided into feveral Leaves and
they again mto other f mailer parts, very rough and'
hairy alfo, and of a yellovnfh green color, from be-
tween which Leaves and Stalks at the Joints, come
forth other crofted Stalks, and the like Leaves at
'them Joints, but leffer, which do very much refein-
, our Gfdecn Cfn’ Craves, but that they are
large i and foft if one docs handle them hard , but
rough on the back and edge, being gently touched.
From every one almofi of thefe Joints, both of the
Stalk and Branches, anfes a certain long husk, con-
Jijhng of fix fmall long Leaves, clofe fet together
which whe„ it opens, Jhevts forth a fmall Tuft , or
clofe hmb/e of white Flowers , and fometimes yellow-
W j " hn/c/Kee' ; «f“r which follows a round-
ijhbccd two always joined together, and very pile li-
ly on the back fide, the inner fide being flat, and
more yellow than Carrot Seed, otherwife much like

tel) TA V\aCeSL firft 8rows Plentifully m

England by the field irdes, and in unfilled places
alrnolt everywhere ; the other grows in like places
in Germany but with us is fometimes nurled up in
hardens , where it grows very well.

VI Tfo Times. They flourifh and flower in June
a”>Vnd the Seed is riPe in -dugulf.

VII. The Qualities. The Seed and Root are hot
and dry m the ftcond Degree : Aperitive; Abfter-
hve Dilcufhve, Carminative, Diuretick, Sudorifick
Cephalick, Stomatick, Nephritick, and Hyfterick •
Alrerauve, Alexipharmick , and Spermatogene-

VIII. The Specification. Both Seed and Root are

Uthontnptieh and ^ good again!! the bitings of
ther°m°US ^ea^S’ and riling of the Mo-

IX. The Preparations. From Seed and Hoot
hngly, you may have, 1. A Ponder. 2. A Dccoffi’-
on. 3. A Spirituous Tinffure. 4. An Acid Tin-

a“' a c Arl °',y Tma“re- d. A Saline Tinffure.

7. A Spirit. 8. A fixed Salt.

Tide Virtues.

X- Tbi VoA" °f ,he Rwt or Seed. It expels
Wind and eafes Stirches in the fide, provokes Urine
o”fihe T/™s’ and helps to break and expel the
Stone. Dole one dram in White Wine

in ofRocit or Seei • !f >t is made

m White Port Wine, it has all the Virtues of the
Ponder and is peculiarly good again!! the Dropfie,
and iuch whofe Bellies are Iwoln with Wind. Dole
fix or eight ounces. Morning, Noon and Night it
induces the Terms provokes Lull, and facilitates
the Delivery of Women in Labour.

c t u Tve S/,rhum<s Tinffure. It has the Virtues
of both Pouder and DecoUion, but is a fingular
thing againtt the Cholick, and good to help Con-
ception Dofe one fpoonful. Morning and Night
in a Glals of generous Wine. 5

xm. The Acid Tinffure. It is good againft
Stone and travel in both Reins and Bladder and
is very powerful to refill Vapors and Hyfterick Fits
as alio to cure the bitings and llingings of Venom-
ous Creatures : and Diofcondes faith, it is fo power-
ful, that if it is taken beforehand, their biting/ (hall

n0vnrrt-r,Do 6 fofty or dr0Ps in Wine.

XiV. Oily Tinffure. It opens Obftruaions
of the Rems and Urinary Parts, eafes Pains, and
cures weaknefles of the Back and Loins, provokes
L™, [he Couries. Dofe twenty drops.

XV. lhe Saline Tinffure: Outwardly bathed
withal, it draws forth the Poifon and Malignity of
V enomous Creatures, takes away Scurf; Morphew
and Sun-burnings, as alfo other deformities of the

Skin :

Salmon s Herbal .

Skin : and being taken inwardly to one dram,
provokes Urine, and prevails againft the Droplie.

XVI. The Spirit. It comforts the Head, Stomach,
Heart and Womb, refills Poifon, and the Plague,
expels Wind, and gives eale in Pains and Stitches
of the Side. Dofe one fpoonful.

XVII. The fixed Salt. It provokes Urine power-
fully, and expels Sand, Gravel, and other Tartarous
matter from the Reins, Ureters and Bladder : it
powerfully opens and cleanfes, and given from a
fcruple to half a dram, or more, in a fpoonful of
Juice of Limons, it flops Vomiting, and admirably
lengthens the Stomach.

XVIII. The green Leaves. Diofcoridcs and Ga-
len both fay, that the Leaves being applied with
Honey ( I fuppofe in form of a Cataplafm ) to run-
ning Sores or Ulcers, do cleanfe them.

CHAP. CXVI.

Of CARROTS of Candy.

1. /-pv H E Karnes. It is called in Greek , *©- :

jL In Arabic k, Dauco , and Giezar : In Latin
alfo Dane us , Daucum , and Daucium , and Dane us
Creticus : In Englijk , Daucus, and Dauke , and Candy
Carrots.

II. The Kinds. Farktnfon makes fixteen kinds of
Daucus's. , many of which are nothing to our pur-
pofe : Thofe which we are chiefly to treat of in
this Chapter, are the Candy or Cretick Kinds , which
Dinf corides makes to be three, viz. i . DaucUs Cre-
ticus vents Diofcoridis , The true Daucus of Candy.

2. Daucus Sclinoides , The Parfley Leav’d Daucus.

3. Daucus Coriandri foliis , Daucus tertius Diofcori-
dis Bello , Coriander Leav'd Daucus, or Bcllus his
third Daucus of Dio/, cor ides. 4. To thefe we think
good to add a fecond kind of the Daucus Sclinoides.
which is Daucus Sclinoides maxima , The greatefi
Parfley Leav'd Daucus.

Caucus -or
TLiU (aroiofi

free i •

III. The Defcriptions. The True Daucus hat a
Root J mall , long , and white ( leffer fays Gerard, than
the Root of a Far/ nip, -which is of a fragrant fuel l,
and almofl as quick and fharp in Tafie as the Seed ,
but icill not abide our Winters here in England, with
all the skill we can ufe , fo that we are forc'd tofow ■

it anew every Lear. From this Root rife up feveral
Stalks of Winged Leaves , as finely cut as Fennel ,
but fhorter , fet at di fauces one again/} another , of
a zohitifh or hoary color , fmelling a little fweet. From
among which rife up divers J lender Branches or
Stalks a Foot high , bearing at their Tops J mall V ru-
bles of white Flowers , and after them J mall hoary
grayifh Seed , fomewhat long and round , and of a
fharp or quick Smell and Tafie.

IV. The fecond Daucus has a Root fomewhat great,
thick , long and white , with a buff) of hairs at the
Head , as many other Umbeliferous Flants have , and
of a hot and fharp tafie , as the Seed a/fo is -, from
whence rife up large Stalks of fomewhat broad pale
green Leaves , bigger than Farfiey , and with divi-
sions of the fame fafhion and manner , next the
ground : And alfo large Stalks almofl two feet high ,
with the like Leaves at the Joints , but fhorter -, and
at the tops fpokie r undies of white Flowers , which
turn into long crefted Seed , bigger than ordinary
Fennel Seed , and of a yellow brown color.

V. The third Daucus o/ Diofcorides, according to
Honor ius Bellus his account , has a Root great , thick
and fhort , perifhing yearly. The whole Plant is
Aromatic al, and both Root and Leaf are eaten by the
Cretians as a common Sal let Herb. From this Root
fpring feveral Stalks of fine cut Leaves , not much
unlike to the Leaves of Coriander, but leffer and thick-
er. The Stalks are near two Feet high , with great
and fwollen Joints , ( and therefore called by fome
Sefeli nodofom, knotted Hart wort, but by Bauhinus,
Daucus Criticus nodofus Umbella lutea) and f mai-
ler Leaves at them , at the tops whereof grow yel-
low Umbles of Flowers ( but white with us in Eng-
land ) which being pafi away, there comes much Seed,
larger than that of Fennel.

VI. The fourth Daucus, which is the large or
large fi kind of the Farfiey Leav'd , has a Root fome-
times as large as ones Arm , or being young , of the
bignefs of ones Thumb, parted into f everal Branches
at the bottom, and covered with a rugged black Bark,
of a Vifcous tafie at the firfi, but fharp afterwards ,
fo as to caufe fpitting , having at the top many hairy
Heads, from whence come feveral very large, and .
great Winged Leaves, much divided and dented
about the edges, muchwhat like the lafi, but bigger ,
and of a pale or faint green color, a little finning on
the upper fide, and of a greyifh afh-color underneath.
Among thefe Leaves rifes up, a large , great, crefied
Stalk, of a Fingers thicknefs, with fome Joints, and
Leaves at the Joints, and with Branches alfo be-
tween them : at the tops whereof fiand fmall Umbles
of whitifh Flowers, and fomewhat like Seed to the fe-
cond kind, but larger.

VII. The Places. Candia is the Natural place of
their Growth, but with us in England they are only
nourished up in Gardens. The firft has been found
upon feveral Mountains of Germany •, and upon
the Hills and Rocks of Jura near Geneva, from,
whence it has been tranfported into feveral of our
more Northern Regions.

VIII. The Times. They flower in June and July,
fome earlier, fome later ; and their Seed is ripe 111
Augufi j fome of it ripening in the time of flower-
ing.

IX. The Qualities. The Seed and Roots are hot
and dry in the third Degree ^ the Herb Larcely ex-
ceeds the fecond Degree of hear, and therefore is
lefs powerful. They are Aperitive, Attra&ive, D.-
geftive, Carminative, Diuietick, Cephalick, Stoma--
tick, Nephritick, Hyfterick, Lithontripuick, Altera-
tive, Alexipharmick and Spermatogenetick.

X. The Specification. It is chiefly dedicated to
the Strangury, Stone, and ftoppage of Urine.

XI. The Preparations . You may make hereof

1. A

Chap. 1 1 7. Unghjh Herbs,

161

1. A liquid Juice of the Herb and Root. 2. An
Ejjence oj the fame. 3. A Pouder of the Seed.
4. An Infufon of the Seed. 5. A Dec oil ion of Seed
or Root , or both. 6. A Cataplafm of the Herb and
Root. 7. A Diftilled Water. 8. A Spirituous Tin-
tture. 9. An Acid Tintture. 10. An Oily Tin-
11 ure. 11. A Saline Tintture. 12. A Spirit. 1 3. A
di ft Hied Oil. 14. Poteflates or Powers. 15. An
Elixir. 16. A Salt.

The Virtues.

XII. The liquid Juice of the Herb and Root. It
helps die Strangury, provokes Urine, and the Terms,
and expels both Birth and After-birth, and is good
for thofe who have been bitten by the Phalangium ,
or any other Venomous Beaft, Dofe four fpoon-
fuls in Wine.

XIII. The EJfence. It has all the Virtues of the
liauid Juice, and is ftronger, finer, and a much more
noble Medicine: It prevails againft Vapors and Hy-
fterick Fits, as alfo the malignity of the Plague, or
Peftilence. Dofe one or two ounces in generous
Wine, ^Morning and Night, or three or four times
a Day, as the neceifity or extremity may require.

XIV. The Pouder of the Seed. This ( according
to Authors ) has that powerful heat in it, that it
becomes a principal Medicine to help the Stran-
gury, to eafe the pain, and remove all ftoppages of
Urine. It provokes the Terms, lacilitates the De-
livery, and brings away the Dead Child, and After-
birth, and helps Vapors and Hyfterick Fits. Dofe one
dram, to one dram and half, in a Glafs of Whit'e
Port Wine, Morning and Night, and in time of a
Paroxyfm.

XV. The Infufon of the Seed in Wine. It has
all the Virtues of the Pouder, but I fear not fell
out fo effeUual. Dole half a Pint, Morning, Noon,
and Night.

XVI. The Decottion of Seed, or Root , or both. It
ought to be made in White Port Wine, and fo gi-
ven to drink, two, three or four times a day, half a
Pint at a time : It has the Virtues both of the Ef
fence, and Pouder of the Seed •, and a moll famous
thing againlt the Plague, the Palwnt being put to
Bed, well covered, and fo made to Sweat upon
it.

XVII. The Cataplafm. The Herb, but more elpe-
cially the Roots made into a Cataplafm, by beating
in a Mortar, and fo mixed with Hogs Lard, and
applied, does eafe, difeufs, or alfwage Tumors or
Swellings in any part. Made into a Mixture or
Cataplalm with Honey, and applied to the Throat,
it eafes an Inveterate Cough.

XVIII. The Di filled Water. It prevails againft
Stone, Gravel, Sand, Strangury, and all ftoppages
of Urine, but is weak, in relpeU to the Juice, Ef-
fence, and other more noble Preparations of the
Plant, and therefore is only ufed as a Vehicle to con-
vey other Preparations of the fame in.

XIX. The Spirituous Tintture. It is an excellent
thing againft the Plague or Peftilence, and againft
all other mrlign Fevers, as Purples, Spotted Fever,
Mealies, Small Pox, and Fevers derived from the
bitings of Serpents, as Vipers, Rattle Snakes, and
others of like kind : It provokes Sweat gently, and
defends the Heart after an admirable manner. Dofe
two, three, or four drams in the Diftilled Water, or
rather in Wine, or lome other fit Vehicle.

XX. The Acid Tintture. It has all the Virtues
of the Spirituous TinUure, and if the Fever is very
high or intenfe, is much the better Medicament $
beiides the Acid, deftroys the Malignity much more
powerfully. Dofe to one dram, or more, in the Di-
ltilled Water.

XXI. The Oily Tintture. In an extremity ol tiie
Strangury this is the molt powerful Preparation,
-being given to_ thirty drops, or more, in a Glais of
White Port Wine : It is powerful to difeuft Gri-
ping Pains, and Torments of the Bowels, to facili-
tate the Birth, and bring aw'ay rh'O Dead Child : It
eafes Convulfions, and heals W ounds in the Body or
Bowels.

XXII. The Saline Tintture. It cleanfes the Reins
and Urinary Palfages, being taken to one dram, or
more, in White Wine but heals not like the Oily
TinUure. It digefts humors, and provokes Urine,
and the Terms ih Women.

XXIII. The Diftilled Oil of the Seed. It his all the
Virtues of the Juice, Eflence, Pouder of the Seed, De*
co£lion, Spirituous, Acid, and Oily Tintlures : and
therefore may be given from eight drops to lixteen,
being firft drOpt into Sugar, and then mixed with
the Diftilled Water, or fome other fit Vehicle : It
helps the Strangury upon the fpot, cleanfes the
Reins of all Tartarous Matters, and all other the
Urinary Parts, provokes the Terms, refills Vapors,
and Hyfterick Fits, eafes the Cholick, produces the
Birth, expels watiy Humors in Dropfies, and refills
the Poifon of Mad Dogs, or any other Venomous
Creature ; and cures intolerable Pains of the Sto-
mach proceeding from Cold, Weaknefs, and other
like difaffe£lions.

XXIV. The Poteflates hr Powers. They have all
the Virtues of the Oil, and are alfo more fubtil and
penetrating, and more pleafant to be taken, being
more eafily mixed with Wine, or any other potable
Liquor. Dofe from two to four drams.

XXV. The Elixir. This is yet more excellent
and noble than the Powers, being the TinUure of
the Seed or Root extracted by the fublimity of the
Potellates •, by which you have all the noble parts
of the Plant concentrated in one Medicament : and
fo has all the Virtues of the Juice, EITence, Pouder,
Tinflures, Oil, and Potellates, in the higheft exal-
tation. Dofe one dram to two drams in a Glafs of
Wine, Morning and Evening.

XXVI. The fixed Salt. It is ftrobgly Diuretick,
ftrengthens the Stomach, being given in the Acid
Tinflilre, mixed with the Diftilled Water, or fome
ether fit Vehiculum. Being taken for fome time in
White Port Wine, it deftroys all Preternatural
Acids, in what part of the Body foever, and dip
folves the Stone, if it is of a gritty, friable, or brit-
tle fubftance. The Dofe is from a fcruple to half
a dram, or two fcruples. Morning and Evening.

CHAP. CXVII.

Of CARAWAY.

I.'Tp HE Names. It is called in Arabic ft Karvia ,

X Karavia , and Carvi : In Greek , k : In
Latin, Carton -, alio Carta, as the Apothecaries call
it : Simon Sethi calls it Carnabadion : It took its
name from the Countrey of Caria, from whence it
came : Some call it Care urn, fome Carvum , as in the
Shops : and in Englijk , Caraway.

II. The Kinds. We (hall here enumerate but
two Kinds, 1. Car urn Vulgar e, our Ordinary or
Common Caraway. 2. Carum pratenfe , Meadow
Caraway.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft has a Root whA
tifh,fmall, and long, Jomezohat like unto a Parfnep ,
but with a more wrinkled Bark, and much lefts, ha-
ving a little hot, and quick tuftte, ftronger than d

Y Parfneft.

162 Salmon j- HerlaL Lib. 1

Parfnep, and abiding after Seed time. Gerard fays,
the Root is like that of Parfley , white, and in tafc
like unto a Carrot , and ( fays he ) may be foddcn , and
eaten as the Parfnep or Carrot is. Prom this Root
fpring up divers Stalks of fine cut Leaves , lying
on the Ground , fomembat like to the Leaves oj Car-
rots, but not bu filing out fo thick , of a little quick
tafie in them. From among which rifes up a fquare
Stalk , not fo high as the Carrot , at whofe Joints are
Jet the like Leaves , but fm alter, and finer cut •, and
at the tops there are /mail open Tufts , or Vmbles
of white Flowers, which turn into fmall blackijh
brown Seed, fmaller than the Annifeedy and of a
quicker and hotter Tafie.

IV. The fecond has a Root fmall and fiender, of
a Smell not much unlike to Daucus, but of a hot and
fharp Tafie, yet not fo hot and fharp as the Seed -,
from this Root grows Leaves like the former, but
larger and from among thofe Leaves, come forth
Stalks greater and higher than the Common Kind.
The fpokie Vmbles of white Flowers are in like man-
ner larger, and the Seed like unto Cummin Seed,
but much bigger.

V. The Places. Caraways grow naturally in Ca-
ria, as Diofcorides faith, whence came the name :
now they are found to grow almoft every where in
Germany, as Tragus fays, in many places in the
Fields, and by the Way fides ^ as alfo in Meadows,
and in the fat and fruitful Fields of Bohemia, and
likewife in low grounds, which are now and then
over run with Water •, but with us they are ufual-
ly fown in Gardens, where they profper admi-
rably.

VL The Times. They Flower and Seed from May,
and continue fo till the end of Augufi.

VII. The Qualities. Caraways Seeds are hot and
dry, as Galen fays, almoft in the third Degree.
They are Aperitive, Carminative, Digeftive, Difcuf-
five, Diuretick, Cephalick, Neurotick, Stomatick,
Nephritick, Alterative, and Alexipharmick.

VIII. The Specification. They powerfully expel
Wind, and eafe Pains of the Cholick.

IX. The Preparations. You may have, i. The
Root. 2. The Herb. 3. The Seed. 4. A Juice of
Herb and Root. 5. An E (fence of the fame. 6. A
Decotlion of the Seed. 7. A Ponder of the Seed.
8. A Cataplafm of the Herb. 9. A Diflilled Water
of the whole Plant. 10. A Spirituous Tintlure.
11. An Acid Tincture. 12. An Oily Tincture.
13. A Spirit. 14. A Lift filed Oil. 15. Potefiates,
or Powers. 16. An Elixir.

The Virtues.

X. The Root. Parkinfon lays, that it is better
Food than that of the Parfnep, and is pleafant,
and comfortable to the Stomach, helping Dige-
ftion.

XI. The Herb. Being dried, and made into Pou-
der, and ftrewed upon moift and running Sores
and Ulcers, it drys them up, and in ffiort time
after heals them •, it alfo heals Kibes in Childrens
Feet.

XII. The Seed. It is ufed whole in Bread, Cakes,
Apple Pyes and Pafties, to give a relifh to them,
and to add a ftomatick and warming Quality, in
room ol Spice ; alfo to be made into Comfits to
correU the Wind in the Stomach. Being bruifed,
fryed, and laid hot in a Bag, or double Cloth, to
the lower parts of the Belly, it difperfes the Wind,
and eales the pains of the Cholick.

XIII. The Juice of the Herb and Root. It is pre-
valent againft Wind, and all cold Difeafes of the
Head, Nerves, Stomach, Bowels, Womb and Joints:
gives eafe in the Cholick, and griping ot the Guts ;
repreffes Vapors, and Hyfteiick Fits, and provokes
Urine. Dole two ounces in Wine.

XIV. The Ejfence. It has the Virtues of the
Juice, but more efficacious in opening Obftru&ions
of the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, and expelling
Tartarous matter from thofe parts. It prevails a-
gainlt the Cholick, and all Diftempers of the Bowels
proceeding from cold and moifture.

XV. The Decotlion of the Seed. It has the Vir-
tues of the Juice and thence, and is very good for
fuch as have the yellow Jaundice, and Virgins
troubled with tftt Green-ficknefs, and fuch as are
daily afflitled with Wind in the Stomach and
Bowels. It ought to be made in Wine, and may be
taken to half a pint at a time fweetned with White
Sugar.

XVI. The Ponder of the Seed. Taken to one
dram, daily Morning and Night, mixed with fine
Loaf Sugar, it has been found to lharpen the fight,
to expel Wind, and help a bloody Flux, and other
fluxes of the Bowels, though they have been of a
long Handing. And by the conftant ufe thereof, a
periodical Cholick has been often cured.

XVII. The Cataplafm. Made of the Pouder of the
Seed' with White Bread and Sherry Wine, it dif-
culfes flatulent Tumors or Swellings, eafes pains in
any part proceeding from Cold, comforts and
ftrengthens weak Limbs, and takes away the black
and blew fpots of Blows, Bruifes, and the like.
The fame laid as hot on as can be endured to the
lower parts of the Belly, gives eafe in the Cho-
lick.

XVIII. The Difiilled Water of the whole Plant.
It is only ufed as a Vehicle to convey Stomatick
and Carminative Medicaments in, down into the
Body.

XIX. The Spirituous Tintlure. It is good againft
Lethargies, Cams, Vertigo, Apoplexy, Palfie, Faint-*
ing, and illnefs of the Stomach, ficknefs at Heart,
fwooning Fits, Convulfions, coldnefs and weaknefs
of the Nerves, and all thofe other Difeafes for which
the Effence is proper. The Dofe is half a Ipoonful

i a

Chap; 1 1 8. EwgUJh Herbs. 1 6 j

in a Glafs of Wine, Morning, Noon and Night, in

all cold and moift Conftitutions.

XX. T be Acid. Tin’Jure. It admirably helps Di-
geftion, creates a good Stomach, repreifes Vapors,
and is good againft Fits of theMother. Dole tltirty
or forty drops in any Liquor the Patient drinks, or
in a Glals of Wine two or three times a day.

XXI. The Oily TinSure. It is Diuretick, eafes
pains of the Back and Reins, being taken inwardly
tp twenty or thirty drops in any proper Vehicle :
outwardly bathed upon the part, it gives cafe in
Pains ot the Gout, proceeding irom a cold Caufe ;
and is eminently good againft Cramps in any part,
Convulfions, and the Palfie, if it be well anointed
on the Paralitick part before a good fire, and rubbed
in for an hour together, and fo continued daily for
twelve, fifteen, or twenty days, till the Patient
finds lie comes to the feeling ftrength, and ule
of his Limbs, &c,

XXII. The Spirit drawn from the Seed. It revives
the Spirits, chears the Heart, comforts Nature, re-
prefles Melancholly, warms and ftrengthens a cold
Stomach, and is good againft Fainting and Swoon-
ing Fits. Dofe half an ounce, or more, a time,
being dulcified, upon occafion.

XXIII. The Di filled Oil from the Sfrd. It has all
the Virtues of the Juice, Effence, DecoSion, Pouder,
Tin&ures and Spirit, but much more powerful to
all the faid purpofes and intentions. Dofe from
eight to fixteen drops, dtopt into Sugar, and then
diifolved in any proper Vehicle the Patient likes
belt, and is alfo agreeable to the Medicament in re-
filling the Difeafe.

XXIV. T be Powers. They have all the Virtues
of the Oil, but much more fubtil and penetrating,
and more pleafant and eafie to be taken by delicate
and weak Stomachs. Dofe two or three drams in
a Glafs of generous Wine, Morning and Night.

XXV. The Elixir. Ic provokes Urine, ( having all
the Virtues of the Spirit, TinUure, Oil and Powers
exalted) and breaks the Stone, if it is foft and gritty,
expelling Gravel, Sand and Tartarous Matter from
all the Urinary VelFels. It opens ObftruUions of
the Liver and Spleen, cleanfes the Blood from cor-
rupted Humors, and is commended againft the Ca-
thexia, or evil difpofition of the whole Body, ari-
fing from a cold, moift, and watry habit of the fame;
and therefore, in the going off of a Dropfte , when
the Bowels are much weakned, and the Tone of
them extreamly hurt, it fo comforts and ftrengthens
them, as to make the Body to withftand the return
of the Difeafe, into which if the Patient fhould Re-
lapfe, it is generally fatal. The Dofe is half a
fpoonful in Sherry, Clanary, or Madera Wine.

CHAP. CXVIII.
CENTORY the Greater.

I. ‘ i v H E Names. It is called in Greek , KsmiWp
-L 7-1 id ja : In Latin , Centaurium magnum : of
Theophrajlus Kcvuuleu ■ and in Englijh , Centory the
Greater, or Greater Centory.

II. The Kinds. There are four Kinds of this
Centory, I. Centaurium majus vulgar e, Centaurium
magnum. The Common Great Centory. 2. Centau-
rium majus alterum , The other Great Centory, or
VVhole leav’d Centory. 3. Centaurium majus Amc-
ricanum , or Canadanum , Centaurium foliis Cynarx ,
Centaurium Pyrenxum , The American Centory, with
Artichoak Leaves. 4. Centaurium majus luteum ,
The great yellow Centory.

III. The Defcriptions. The Juft of thefe has a
Root which grows to be more than two feet long , and
.is large as a reafonable great Parjnep-root , blackif >
on the out fide, and Jbmetmg of a reddifh yellow with-
in, abiding many years , and fending forth frejh
Leaves every Spring, thofe dying for the ntoft part
which were green all the Summer ; which Leaves
are many, large , long , and foft , deeply cut in on the
edges , 0} a pale green color on the upper fide, and
whitijh underneath, without any thing of the great
bitlernefs which is in the leffer Centory, which is no
Species of this Plant. The Stalk is long and round,
and three or four feet high, divided at the top into
many Branches, on which Jland large, round, J'caly
green heads, footing forth at their tops, many J'mall
Threads or Thrums , of a pale blewijh AJh-color. In
which, after they are fallen, do grow, large, whinfh,
Jmoolh, fining Seeds, not much unlike Thijlle Seeds ,
but larger, and lying amongft a great deal of Downy
Matter.

IV. The fecond Great Centory has a Root growing
to be as great or greater than the former, and black
on the out fide, but yellowif within, yielding a ycl-
lowtf red Juice, which is a little bitter, but more
Aromatical than the former, from the head of this
Root comes forth many Leaves lying almoft upon the
ground, which are long, and as large almoft as the
former, but without any jaggednefs or divijion at all
in them, yet deeply dented about the edges , and of
a deep green color. The Stalk is round and great ,
but rifes not up fo high as the other does, nor di-
vides it J elf at the top into fo many Branches, but
bearing only two or three heads on a Stalk, which
are fcaly , in the fame manner, and in it J'uch like
Thrums or Thready flowers, of a pale whit if color ,
which being paft, there comes fuel) like Seed in the
heads, lying in a flacky or Downy Subfiance, and
every one bearded in the fame manner, but a little
blacker.

V. The third , which is the American, or Floridian
Great Centory, has a Root great and black on the
out fide, but longer than the fir ft, and of the bignefs
of ones Wrift. It has larger Leaves than the firjj
and more jagged , or cut in deeply on the Edges,

¥ 2 Joint*

\6^ Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. 1.

Jomewhat rejembling an Artichoak Leaf in the divi-
fions , whence the name Foliis Cynaris, green above ,
and gray , or as it were hoary underneath . The Stalk
rifes about a yard high , cornered and hoary , having
feveral /mailer Leaves , and lefs jagged , fet there-
upon, and parted at the top into fome Branches , each
bearing a few /mail Leaves , /fo Heads , which

are much greater , and more fcaly , with Jharp pricks
at their ends , //fo </ /////<? Wild Artichoak Head.
The tuft of Threads , which are the Llowers , are more
purple , than in the firft -, and the Seeds are white ,
wrapped up in Down in like manner.

VI. The fourth, or Yellow Great Centory., ' has a
Root which grows in time to be greater than any of
the former, having many Heads which /boot forth new
Leaves in the Spring , /fo o/t/ Leaves going away or
dying upon the ground every Tear , which is wrinkled ,
on the out fide , and yellowijh within , full
of a vifeous or Jlimy moifture , and Jiriking deep in-
to the ground , «;///; yfo/£ greater Branches , and a
few /mail fibres. The new Leaves which this Root fends
forth are both larger and longer from the Root than
the others , /fo/r oj the loweft having fewer divifions
in them , /fo// yfo/ztf others of them have -, but thofe
which grow upon the Stalk , tw «;<?// dx of the
others below , are very much divided into many parts ,
making every winged leaf to confifl of fourteen or
Jixteen Leaves , /fo £/ri?/ rib in the middle between
them being whitijh , each for the moft part fet againft
another , with an odd one at the end ', <///// ^

them being narrow and long , without any dents on
the edges , and of a whitijh green color. The Stalks
are manifold , round and jlrong , /z little f raked down
length ways , each being divided into fome other
Branches , which bear fcaly Heads greater than any
of the others , and larger fpread thrums in the mid-
dle, of a delicate pale, but lively yellow color, which
continue in their glory and beauty for a long time,
without decaying ■, but they feldom yield any Seed
here with us in England, becaufe that the fcaly
Heads are fo full of moifture ( as is fuppofed ) which
hinders the Seed to grow ripe therein for if they
are but a little prejjed between the Lingers, there
will ijfue out on all Jides /mail clear drops of Water,
almojt of a Honey like Sweetnefs, and that not only
at Noon-time oj the Day, as Bauhin zs pleafed to
fay, but alfo at all other times of the Day , and not
fur one only time and no more, but often times, and
every Day, as long as the Flowers are frejh, and not
yet withered : but when it perfetfs its Seed, it is
not much unlike to the Seed of the fecond kind, but a
little lejfer , blacker, and more Jhining.

VII. The Places. The firlt delights in a fat and
fruitful Soil, and in Sunny Banks, full of Grafs and
Herbs. The firft and fecond grow upon the Alps,
and Mount Baldus : Diofcorides faith, they grow
plentifully in Lycia, Peloponncfus, Arcadia , &c. The
third grows upon the Pyranean Hills, and upon
ftony Hills near Lisbon in Portugal, near the River
Tagus : It has alfo been found to grow in America ,
upon the Floridian Continent, near Canada, New
England, Virginia, and parts adjacent to them. The
fourth not far from Lisbon, near the Tagus, and al-
fo on Mount Baldus, as Pena faith : With us, they
are only nourhhed up in Gardens, where they thrive
and fiourifh very well.

VIII. The Times. They all Flower about the
end of June, and in July, and the Roots may be
gathered in Autumn. The American feldom Flow-
ers with us, becaufe of the coldnefs of our Climate,
nor does it live, unlefs with much care.

IX. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the third
Degree. It is Aperitive, Ablterfive, Aftringent, Di-
geltive, Difcuflive, Incarnative, Anodyn, and Trau-
matick, or Vulnerary. It is dedicated to the Sto-

mach, Lungs, Liver, Spleen, Reins and Womb : It
is Alterative, Alexipharmick, and Hemopock.

X. The Specification. It is a noble Wound Herb :
Pliny ■and. Theophraftus fet it down among the num-
ber of Panacea’s, All-heals, or Wound Herbs, this
Great Centory, ( as alfo the Lefler, of which in
the next Chapter. ) Pliny, lib. 25. cap. a. reciting
the words of Theophrnjtus , fays, that they were
found out by Chiron the Cent an re, and that from
thence they were called Cenlauria : and in cop. 6. he
repeats and affirms again1 the lame thing, and there-
upon, he faith, they were both named Chironia
though in truth they, viz. the Greater and Smaller’
are no Kin one to another, not being Species of the
fame Genus, and fo have no relation but only in
name. It is reported, that Chiron was cured here-
with of a Wound in hisFoot, which was made with
an Arrow, which fell upon it, when he was enter-
taining Hercules in his Houfe, upon which it was
called Chiromum : or elfe from the curing of the
Wounds of his Soldiers, for the which Intention it
is moft excellent.

XI. The ¥ reparation!. The Roots and Herb are
both ufed, but the Root chiefly : and from them
you may prepare, I . A liquid Juice. 7. An EJJence.
3. An Injufion. 4. A DecoSion. A Ponder
6. A Bajfam. 7. An Ointment. 8. A Cataplafm.
9. A Spirituous Tincture. 10. An Acid T'mClure
11. An Oily TinJure : all made from the Root.

The Virtues.

XII. The liquid Juice. Being taken to two or three
ounces, or more, Morning and Evening, opens Ob-
ftrufttons of the Livet and Spleen, and prevails a-
gainlt the Dropfie and Yellow Jaundice, flops fpit-
ting of Blood, and is prevalent againft Ruptures
Cramps, and Pleurifies, and for thofe who have an
old and continued Cough, or are fhort Winded and
can hardly draw their Breath.

XIII. The EJJence. It has all the former Virtues
but more powerful to every Intention ; befides
which, this Preparation is profitable againft Agues
eafes the Cholick, and all forts of Griping Pains’
both of Belly and Womb. It is alfo a lingular Trau-
matick, for it heals all inward Wounds and Exco-
riations of the Bowels, and outwardly applied to
Wounds, running Sores and Ulcers, it digefts, clean-
fes, drys, and Difpofes the fame to a fpeedy heal-
ing- Dole two or three ounces in a Glafs of gene-
rous Wine.

XIV. The Infufton. It is a weak thing compared
with the former Preparation -, yet being made in
Wine, it opens Obftruaions of the Vifcera , and is
good againft the Jaundice, pains of the Pleura or
Stitches in the Side. Dole four or fix ounces Morn-
ing and Evening.

XV. The DecoSion. It is fomething more power-
ful than the Infufion, and is good for the fame Dif-
eafes which that and the Enence are good againft.
Sweetned with Honey, or Sugar Candy, it is good
againft Wheelings, Hoarfnefs, Obftruaions of the
Lungs, fhortnels of Breath, and an inveterate Cough.
It is good againft the Strangury, or piifing by drops :
and ufed as a Lotion, it cleanfes Wounds, bid Sores
and running Ulcers ; and as a Gargarifm, it cleanfes
and heals Cankers and Ulcers in the Gums, Mouth
and Throat : being drank half a Pint at a time, it
expels the malignity of Wounds made by the bi-
tings or (tinging of Venomous Creatures. Dropt
into the Eyes it clears them, and lharpens the Eye-
fight.

XVI. The Ponder. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice, Effence and Decoflion, being taken one dram,
or dram and halt at a time, Morning and Evening,

in

Chap, up. ‘Englijh Herbs.

’ii Wine befides which, being ftrewed upon moift.
running Sores, it cleanfes, dries, and heals them.

XVII. The Balfam. It heals Wounds at once
or twice dreffing : if they be contufed, it digefts
them, cleanfes and heals. Applied to foul, corrupt-
ed, rotten Sores, and old Ulcers, it digefts them
cleanfes, dries, and heals almoll to a Miracle. Ap-
plied to the Gout, it draws the humor out through
the pores of the skin, and io cures it.

XVIII. The Ointment. It is vulnerary, drying,
and healing, good again!! burnings, fcaldings, and’
fluxes of lharp Humors, which it reprelfes by vir-
tue of its Altringency, the Sore, Ulcer or Wound,
being firft waflit with the Juice or Effence : then
the Pouder of the Root being ftiewed upon it, and
afterwards pledgets being dipt in the Ointment, and
laid over all, with a De Ahnio Emplafler upon that
to hold it on : by this means defperate old and run-
ning Sores and Ulcers have been fuddenly and ef-
feftually cured.

XIX. The Cataplafm. It is m excellent Anodyn
and Difcuff.ve, prevalent again!! flatulent Tumors :
If it is made up into a Pelfary with the Pouder of
the Root, and put up the Womb, it provokes the
Terms in Women, and educeth the Dead Child and
After-birth.

XX. The Spirituous Tintfure. It is good againll
Convulfions, Lethargies, Paiges, Cramps, Pains and
Aches in the Limbs, as alfo in the Stomach and
Belly, Colick, and all Dileales of thole parts pro-
ceeding from Wind : Let it be taken inwardly three
times a day, from two drams to four in any proper
Vehicle : and outwardly, let it be bathed upon the
part afte&ed Morning and Evening, till health is
recovered.

XXI. The Acid Tinflure. It is good againll Ma-

lignity, and the Poifon of Peftilential Fevers : is
good again!! the bitings or llingings of Venomous
Creatures ; opens ObftruUions of the Lungs, helps
again!! Coughs, Colds, fhortnefs of Breath, Wheez-
ing, Hoarfnefs, 0c. being taken in all that the Pa-
tient drinks, whether Ale, Beer, or Wine, fo many
drops at a time as may make the Liquor pleadingly
lharp. ° 1

XXII. The Oily Tinfhtre. It opens Obftru&ions
of the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, is prevalent a-
gainft the Strangury, pains and weaknefs in the
Back, being taken from ten to twenty or thirty drops
in White Port Wine twice a Day, viz. Morning
and Night •, and withal being bathed well in, upon
the Spina Dorfl , or Back Bone.

XXIII. The whole Tlant , as well Herb as Root is
available in all forts of Wounds, Sores and Ulcers
to digeft, cleanfe, dry, conglutinate, and heal them ■
and therefore are principal ingredients, and fhould’
be in all vulnerary Ointments, Balfams, Drinks, Lo-
tions, and Injeflions, according to fome of the afore-
going prefcribed Preparations, refpeft being had to
the parts afflifted, and the way and Method of Ap-
plication or Exhibition, whether Inward or Out-
ward.

l65

CHAP. CXIX.

Of C E N T O R Y the Letter.

I.'T'tfj? Names. It is called in Arabick, Kan-
I 1fl6n Sages , and Canturion Sege , or Segir :
In V meek, Kurluen ri laxgV : In Latin, Centaurium
minus, 0 farvum : Of fome, Centaurea, febrifuge ,

teZf Q-U.a% 5 tel Terror, from its exceffive bit-
“ft Liofcorides fays, lc was caIle(1 Umnejhh-,
and PI, ny, Libadwn, becaufe it loves to grow in

^ S ’I Jhougllt t0 be tlm PIant which
i beophr aft us called Leptophyllum : In Ens.hH) Cen-
tory the Laffer, and Leffer Centory. '

II. The Kinds. It is no Species of the Greater
Lent pry, nor c airns any the leal! Kindred with it,

mm? "a ?ela(tl0n !n any kinih but only in the
name, and therefore is Genus or General it felfi It
IS hx fold as growing with us, viz. i. Centaurium
minus vulgare flore rubente, The Common Red

Whim £ent0ra r' Centaunum minus flore albo ,
White flowered Centory. 3. Centaurium minus if
teum. Small yellow Centory. 4. Centaurium minus
luteum perfoliatum ramofum, Branched through-
leav d Small yellow Centory. Centaurium minus
luteum non ramofum. Small yellow Centory, not
Branched. 6. Lenta, mum minimum luteum. The
very fmall, or fmalleli yellow Centory.

III. The Defcnptions. The firft of thefe , which

h °7 C°mmon fma11 Cent0IT has a Root fmall and
hard pen fling every year, from whence Springs up
jor the mofl part, but one round and crejled Stalk
about a foot high, or fome thing more, branching oft
at the top , Mo many Sprigs or Branches, and fome
alfo from the Joints of the Stalks below. The Leaves
are fmall and a little roundijh , very like unto St
Johnr Wort but without any holes in them, as that
has The flowers hand at the tops, as it were in a
l it) tor Umble, and are of a pale red color , tending

to a Carnation. They conflft of Jive, and fometimfs

Jma“ Leaves, very like unto thofe of HvDe-
neon, opening them/ elves in the Day time, and do-
Jvng at Eight, after which come Seed in little fhort
Ftusks, and in form like unto Wheat Corns. The
whole riant is of an exceeding bitter Tafte

IV. The fecond, with the White Flower, differs
nothing from the other, as to the form, neither in
Root, Stalk, Leaves, Height, Flowers or Seed, flavine
only in the color of the Flowers , which is White as
the other is Red ; and the bitter tafte it the fame in
its full Latitude.

V. The

66

Salmon s ‘Herbal .

Lib. I.

cemorif

Zllont Small

V. The third, which is the Small Yellow Centory,
is a little like to the fecond , and a little greater
than it -, the Leaves are alfo larger and broader , and
broad at the bottom , but yet not Jo broad as to en-
compafs the Stalk. , ^ the next does : the Flowers are
alfo a little greater , W which is the prin-

cipal thing m which it differs from the lajt =, and
withal the whole Plant is not altogether Jo bitter .

Jbiall ijel otv
thoronahleav
ci Ce/itauw

like unto the former Centories, but Jomcwhat greater.
Prom this Root comes forth a Stalk , which fometimes
Spreads it felf forth into many long Branches , from
every one of the Joints ^ and Jometmes it Spreads
it Jelf only at top : At the Joints fand two Some-
what broad and long pointed Leaves , fo encompaffing
the Stalk about the bottom , and making it feem as
if it run through them , that they will hold the Rain ,
or any Water which falls upon them : The Flowers
which fand at the tops of the fmall Branches are a
little larger than thofe of the Common Centory,
compofed of fix or eight Leaves , cf a fine pale yellow
color , and fometimes of a deeper yellow •, after which
comes larger Heads than thofe in the fir ft , and Seed
a little bigger. This Plant is not full out fo bitter
as the firfi.

VII. The fifth, which is a Small yellow Centory
not Branched, and differs not in Leaf or Flower
from the fourth : The Stalk bears perfoliate d Leaves ,
but fpread not them f elves forth in Branches , as the
former doth : It bears alfo but one only Flower at
the top , which thing , together with its not being
branched , makes it to be different , and another Spe-
cies of the perfoliated kind , the whole Plant is lefs
bitter than the firfi.

VIII. The flxth, and fmallefi of the Yellow Cen-
tories differs very little from the fifth, or lafi defer i-
bed Through leav’d Centory, excepting in this , that
it is wholly lefs in every part of it, and whereas
the former bears but one Flower at the top of it, this
bears two or three, and fometimes more, fmall Flow-
ers at the top of every of its Branches.

IX. The Places. The fir It grows in great plenty
throughout all England, in molt Paftures and GraT
fy Fields, : and indeed, they are all of them found
in many places of this Kingdom , but the firft or
common fort almoft every where, in Fields, Pafiures
and Woods, but that with the White Flowers is more
fparingly to be had than the firft. The firfi I found
growing in the South parts of Carolina, in many
Plantations, but particularly in that, formerly Cap-
tain Abbot's, up Wando River, about five Miles from
Charles Town : The third of thefe enumerated in
this Chapter, grows in many places in Kent, as in
a Field next unto that which was formerly Sir
Francis Car end s Houfe, at Bedington near Croydon ;
and in a Field next beyond Southfieet Church to-
wards Gravefend, and in many other places, where
alfo the other kinds are fometimes found.

X. The Times. They all Flower in July and
Augufi, and their Seed is ripe in about a Month
after. They ought to be gathered in their flower-
ing time : but fome people out of a meer Superfti-
tion, gather them between the two Lady-days .

XI. The totalities. They are generally hot and
dry in the fecond Degree : but Gerard fays, that
our third, which is the firfi yellow Centory , is hot
and dry in the third Degree, and yet it is not fo
bitter as the firft. They are all highly Stomatick,
Peftoral, Hepatick, Splenetick, and Hyfterick : they
are noble Aperitives, and Abfterfives,Vulneraries, Al-
teratives, and Emmenagogicks.

XII. The Specification. It is Antifebritick, and
good againft Diftempers of the Stomach.

XIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
ffom, I. A liquid Juice. 2. An Effence. 7. An
Infujion. 4. A Decoffion. 5. A Ponder. 6. An
Oil by Infolation or Boiling. 7. An Ointment. 8. A
Balfam. 9. A Cataplafm. 10. A Difiilled Water.
11. A Spirituous Tinaure. 12. An Acid Tinffure.
13. An Oily Tintture. 14. A Saline Tinfture

VI. The fourth, which is the Through-leav’d Cen-
tory, has a Root fmall and white, like the former,
from whence comes fome Leaves next the ground

15. A Spirit. 1 6. A Colly rium. 17. A Fixed Salt
from the AJhes. 18. An Effential Salt.

Th 9

Chap. 1 1 9. EngHfb Herbs . 16 J

The Virtues.

XIV. The liquid Juice. Being given from four
to fix ounces fwo hours before the coming of the
Fit of an Ague ( as alfo given in the fame quanity
Morning and Evening for fome days ) it removes
the Fit, and perfectly cures the Ague, it evacuates
and carries off Cholerick and Gtofs Humors, and
prevails againft the Sciatica : And yet with Dodo-
nxw., I do not perceive that it lias any fenfible Pur-
ging, or Carthartick quality, though in the mean
time, many things which are not purely Catharticks
or Purging, are found to be very cleanfing, and in
paffing off themfelves, carry many other Humors
along with them.

XV. The t jjence. This has all the Virtues of the
Juice ; it opens Obftru£lions of the Gall, Liver,
Spleen, Reins and Womb, prevails againft Hypo-
chondriack Melancholly, and the Yellow Jaundice •
it eafes Pains in the Sides, and hardnefs of the
Spleen, making thin both Blood and Humors. It
is of good ufe for thofe that have the Dropfie, or
Green-ficknels, becaufe it ftrengthens the Stomach,
and all the other Vijhcra : I know fome will not al-
low it to cure the Dropfie ; but this I know, that
if the Hydropick Humors are carried off by other
means, and the parts affefted are once emptied of
their Water, that if this Effence be duly given, it
fo ftrengthens the Bowels, that that Difeafe returns
no more. It kills Worms in the Belly, and drys
up Rheums.

XVI. T be Infufwn in Wine. It cleanfes grofs Hu-
mors, and eafes pains in the Hips, the Gout, and
other like Difeafes proceeding from Tartarous Hu-
mors : It is good in Agues, ftrengthens the Stomach,
helps Digeftion, and caufes a good Appetite. It alfo
prevails againft Stitches, pains of the Sides, and
other dififteftions of the Pleura.

XVII. The DecoSion. It has the Virtues of the
Inf u (ion, is good againft Agues, Catarrhs, and the
vehement pains of the Colick : It provokes the
Terms in Women ; and brings away the Birth, whe-
ther dead or alive, as alfo the After-birth, eafing
the pains of Mother, and cauling an effe&ual Clean-
fing after Delivery. It is good againft the Rickets
in Children, evacuates Tartar out of the Urinary
Paffages, and brings away Sand and Gravel, Hop-
ping the paffage of the Urine.

•XVIII. The Ponder. Taken to one dram in Wine,
it gives eafe in the Colick, kills Worms in Chil-
dren, and ( as P arkinfon fays ) is a wonderful good
help againft the biting and poifon of a Viper or
Adder. Strewed upon moift and running Sores and
Ulcers, it cleanfes, drys, and heals them.

XIX. The Oil by Infolation or boiling. It is Ano-
dyn, eafes the Spleen, and pains of the Mother, and
is very effettual in all old pains of the Joints, and
Limbs, as Gouts, Sciatica, Convulfions, Cramps, OV.
proceeding from a Cold Caufe. It is alfo a very
good tiling to anoint Womens Breafts which are
iwoln, hard, or pained, through Cold, or Curd-
ling of the Milk, or any other accident, as of a
blow, CSV.

XX. The Ointment. It Iras the Virtues of the
Oil, but is more ftrengthening and fanative : It
cleanfes, drys, and heals foul Ulcers, and other
fpreading Scabs of the Head ; and to anoint the
Back-bone and Joints of fuch Children as have got-
ten the Rickets : It ftrengthens and gives eafe in
pains of the Back, by anointing therewith.

XXI. The Balfam. It is an incomparable Vul- 1
nerary, and cutes Ample Green Wounds at the firft
intention. If they ate iompofed by bruifing, and
tiiluceration of the Belli, it firft digefts, then elean-

les, drys, and heals them : It alio cleanfes foul and
fetid Ulcers, fills them up with fielb, and confoli-
dates their lips. It heals old running Sores, clean-
ling, incarnating and drying, and perfeUly curing
them, tho1 Hollow, or Fillulous.

XXII. The Calaplofn , made of the green Herb.
It has the Virtues of the Balfam, but is an efpecial
thing for cleanfing and healing putrid Ulceis in
what part lbever, if duly applied thrice a day :
walhing the hollownefs or filtulous part alfo with
an Exprelfed Juice of the Herb.

XXIII. The Dijiil/ed Water. It has the Virtues
of the Infufion or Decoflion, but is pleafanter, as
being lefs bitter ; but by fo much, it is the lefs ef-
ficacious : and is many times ufed as a Vehiculum,
to convey other Preparations of the Herb in : It is
faid to take away Tanning of the Skin, Sun-burn-
ing and other the like diiaffeaions.

XXIV. The Spirituous I m'dure. Ic comforts all.
the Vifcera after a lingular manner ; and therefore
if it is taken from one dram to four drams, Morn-
ing, Noon, and Night, it fo ftrengthens the Bowels,
as that it prevents the return of a Dropfie in thofe
Perfons where it has been lately cured. It alfo re-
moves the Gout out of the Stomach, ( which many
times is fatal ) is good againft the Jaundice, and
Hypochondriack Melancholly : It is indeed a good
remedy againft the bitings of Vipers, Rattle-Snakes,
and other Serpents, as alfo the Poifon of Mad
Dogs.

XXV. The AcilTinSure. It is excellent againft
Vapors, Fits of the Mother, and other difaffettions
oftheWomb. It ftrengthens a weak Stomach, refills
Vomiting, caufes a good Appetite and Digeftion,
removing faintnefs and ficknefs at heart. It is good
againft Poifon, and the Plague, as alfo all Putrid,
Malign, and Peftileiitial Difeafes, being taken in all
that the lick drinks from twenty to forty drops at
a time, at leaft -five or fix times a day 5 it takes
away the malignity of the Diftemper, and wonder-
fully abates the putrid heat of the Fever, whether
Continent, Continual or Contermitting.

XXVI. The Oily TinSure. It carries off the yel-
low Jaundice, as alfo the Morbifick caufe of Ub-
ftru&ions of the Reins and Ureters by Uriiie : being
given from one dram to two drams, in a good
draught of Cariuus Poffet-drink, it has been known
to cure Agues: more efpecially if the Spina Dorji
be effeflually anointed therewith, from the Verte-
brae of the Neck almoft to the Anus. Anointed on
the fides, it eales their Pains : and given inwardly,
gives eafe in the Colick. Given to a Woman in
Labor from fifteen to thirty or forty drops, in fome
convenient Vehicle, it facilitates tire Delivery, whe-
ther alive or dead, and eff'eEtually brings away the
After-birth.

XXVII. The Saline TinSure. It is good againft
foul Ulcers, and fpreading Scabs of the Head, or
other parts ; takes away Cutaneous Deformities, as
Tannings, Sun-burnings, Spots, Marks, Scurf, Dand-
riff, Morphew, and other like defeQs of the skin :
And being long applied, it is faid to remove Freckles,
tho’ of great continuance.

XXVIII. The Spirit. It ftrengthens the Stomach
wonderfully, cheats the Heart, revives the Spirits,
and fortifies the Univerfal Oeconomy of Nature :
it is good againft Vomiting, and Indigeftion, and
caufes a good Appetite to Food ; makes a ftelh and
lively Countenance, and reftores the Priftine ftate
of the Bowels. It is a very good thing againft
Diarrheas , Ihyjenteria's. Lientend’s , and the lie pa
tick flux, and gives eale in an exquifire Colick,
when fometimes many other things will do nothing.
Dofe from one fpoonful to two, in fome proper
Vehicle.

XXIX. The

1 68

Salmons

Lib. I.

XXIX. The Colly n um. It is made of the Liquid
Juice , or hijcncr. mixt with an equal quantity of
clarified honey. Being put ijito the Eyes, four, five
or fix times a day, it clears them fran Dimnefs,
Milts or Clouds, or any thing which obfufcates or
hinders the fight : and if a little Spirit ot Wine
( about an eighth part ) he added to it, it becomes
profitable for fore, inflamed and running Eyes . it
urengthens the weakned part, and powerfully flops
the Kuxion. It alfo cleanfes Ulcers in the Eyes,
drys, and heals them : And I was was informed by
a very skiliul Chirurgion, that he once cured a L-
ffula Lachrymals therewith, by injeUing it in, with
a proper Syringe. This I am fure of, that it Angu-
larly cleanfes, and drys hollow Ulcers in other parts
of the Body, and difpofes them to an effeUual
healing ; and drys up moift Scabs, and other break-
ings out like Scurf or Morphew, though of long
Handing, if it is affiduoufly ufed and applied for
fome time. Taken inwardly, from half an ounce to
two ounces at a time, it prevails againft Colds,
Coughs, Hoarfhefs, Wheazings, (hortnel's of Breath,
difficulty of Breathing, and other difafleftions ot
the Lungs. Being thus continued for fome confi-
derable time, I have known it to cure Ulcers of the
Lungs ; the Patient drinking with it, new Milk
warm, lweetned with double refined Suger, drink-
ing no other Liquor, and wholly forbearing all
Wines, and Maulted Drinks.

XXX. The fixed Salt. It is highly Antifebritick
and Diuretick. Diffolved to one dram in the Di-
ftilled Water, and fo drank, it carries off the Mor-
bifick caufe of all Fevers by Urine, and cleanfes all
the Urinary parts of Gravel, Sand, and Tartar, lodg-
ed in them. It is alfo excellent good againft the
yellow Jaundice, and all ObftruUions of the Liver,
Spleen, Reins, and Womb. It diffolves Choler in
the Body, and calls it out by Urine : Take of this
Salt halt an ounce : of the diftilled Water a pint :
mix and diffolve. This cures Cutaneous Difeafes,
and takes off Freckles from the Face, if conftantly
ufed tor tome time ; and alfo removes other defer-
mities ot the Skin.

XXXI. The Effential Salt. It has all the Virtues
of the Liquid Juice and Eflfence, and may be given
in all thole calcs from one dram to two or three
drams at a dine, in a glafs of generous Wine, Morn-
ing and Evening. It is a great Stomatick, and
Sweetner of the Blood •, a noble Antifebritick * and
kills Worms in Young or Old, being taken for fome
time. It is highly Traumatick, and therefore good
to be taken Dietetically, by fuch as hare Wounds
and Ulcers about them.

CHAP. CXX.

Of c E L A N D I N E.

I. ' I ' HE Names. It is called in Greek , ’XoaJSvwt
JL >d Y-ihiJiviov n y-iya. : In Latin , Chelidonium ,
and Chelidonium tnajus , tiirundinaria major : In A-
rab:ck , Kauroch, feu Memiram : and in Engli/h , Ce-
landine, and Celandine the Greater. This latter
name is given to it, becaufe another Plant lefler
than this, has the name of Celandine given to it,
and is called the lefler -, and yet it has no Kin or
Relation to it : and therefore for diftinUion fake,
this is called Celandine the Greater. It is alfo
fomerimes called Swallow- wort , in anfwer to the lat-
ter Latin name. The name is faid to arife from
Swallows curing the Eyes of their young ones when1

they were hurt, therewith •, but as it is a thing wholy
fabulous, fo we leave it.

II. The Kinds. It is twofold, I. XiXiJivtw yiyL
Hoivoy, Chelidonium majus vulgar e. Common Great
Celandine. 2. Xea/JIiV/cp to yvyl xoatwcTej, Chelidoni *
um tnajus Laciniatiun , Jagged Celandine.

Celcndv,

III. The Defcription. Common Celandine has a
Root fomewhat great at the Head , /hooting forth fe-
veral other long Roots , with Small reddi/h Fibres or
Strings /fringing from theJh, the infide being yellow ,
and/ullof a yellow Juice : Irom this Root Springs

Chap. 1 2 o. Unglijb Herbs.

1 6p

up fever al tender , round , vobit ifh, green Stalks, with
larger Joints than are ordinary in other Plants of
like magnitude, like as it were knees, very brittle,
and eafte to break, from whence fpring forth Branch-
es of a dark blewijh green color on the tipper fide,
like unto Columbines, and of a more pale blewijh
green underneath , full of a yellow Juice or Milk,
which iffues forth, when any part is broken, of a
bitter Tafie , and Jlrong Smell. At the tops of the
Branches , which are much divided, grow gold yellow
blowers, having four Leaves a piece, after which
come fmall long Cods, with blackifh Seed therein.

IV. The Jagged Celandine, grows in its Roots and
Stalks, and almoft in all things elfe like unto the
former, fave that the Leaves are thinner, and the
divifions /lender er, and more cut in on the edges :
the blowers confifl alfo of four Leaves a piece, and
are of the fame golden yellow color, but fomewhat
larger than the other, and are each of them cut in
on the edges, as the green Leaves are, for which
reafon Clufius calls it, Chelidonium majus laciniato
Hore } this, as the other, by f bedding its Seed, rifes
again before Winter , and fo continues flowering the
next Spring, and feeding in Summer.

V. The Places. The firft is nourilhed up by many
in Gardens ■, but is alfo found growing Wild in
many places by old Wall fides, and by the Hedges
and Way fides in untilled ground in feveral parts of
this Kingdom, delighting in Ihady places. The fe-
cond is only found growing in Gardens.

VI. The Times. They both flower all the Sum-
mer long, from the Month of April • and in the
mean feafon the Cods come to perfection, and yield
ripe Seed.

VII. The Vitalities. They are both hot and dry
in the third Degree ^ and of an Abfterfive or Clean-
ling Faculty ^ Aperitive, Sudorifick, Hepatick, Ar-
thritick, Alterative and Alexipharmick.

VIII. The Specification. It is laid to be a peculiar
thing againft the yellow Jaundice.

IX. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
I. The liquid Juice. 2. The Effence. 2. The De-
co ft ion in Wine. 4. The Pouder of the Root. 5. The
Infpiffate Juice. 6. The Diftil/ed Water. 7. The
Spirituous Tinfture. 8. The Acid Tinfture. 9. The
Saline Tinfture. 10. A Cataplafm. 1 1 . A Mix-
ture.

The Virtues.

X. The liquid Juice. Being taken falling from
one ounce to two ounces mixed with a dram or two
of Mithridate, and a Giafs of Wine, it is of lingu-
lar good ufe againlt the Plague or Peftilence, the
Patient being laid to Sweat thereupon. The Juice
dropped into the Eyes, cleanfes them from Films,
and Clouds which hinder the fight * more efpecial-
ly if mixed with a little of the Diltilled Water, to
allay it. It is alfo to good purpole ufed in old run-
ning Sores, and filthy and corroding Ulcers where-
foever, to hinder their malignity, and Hop their
running and fretting, and to caufe them the more
fipeedily to heal. The Juice often applied to Warts,
Corns, Tettars, Ring-worms, or fuch other like
fpreading Sores, delfroys their Acrid Ferment, and
alfo cures them.

XI. The EfJ'ence. It has all the Virtues of the
Liquid Juice, but much more powerful to the in-
tentions, and may be given in the fame Dofe in
W ine. It opens OblfruCtions of the Gall, Bladder,
Liver, and Spleen, and prevails againlt the Dropfie,
and yellow Jaundice.

XII. The Decoftion of the Herbs and Roots in Wine.
You may boil with them a few Ann feeds alfo. It
has the Virtues of the Liquid Juice, and Elfence,
but not altogether fo powerful.' It deaples much,
and fo is helpful againft the Yellow Jaundice, and
gargled in the Mouth eafes the Tooth Ach.

XIII. The Pouder of the. Root. Put upon Aching
Gums or Teeth, or upon a loofe or hollow Tooth, ir
will eafe the Pain prefently : and as Authors fay,
quickly caufe them to fall out. Vix Credo. The'
over Credulous may eafily make a Tryal.

XIV. The infpiffate Juice. This is thought to be
better for the Eyes than the liquid Juice, becauie
many of the lharp Particles by the Infpiffation are
Evaporated. You may diffolve it with a little Breaft
Milk, or Cows Milk, and fo drop it into the Eyes,
it is good againft Clouds, Films, Blood-fhot, Inflam-
mations, Pearls, and other Dileafes of the Eyes.

XV. The Dijlilled Water. It is Paid to be a good
thing to clear the Eye-fight * and taken with a little
Mithridate or Venice Treacle, and Sweating there-
on, it is good againft Malign and Peftflential Dif-
eafes j and may be ufed as a Vehicle for other Pre-
parations.

XVI. The Spirituous Tinfture. It has the Virtues
of the Effence -, and is a lingular good thing againft
cold and moift Diftempers of the Head, Nerves,
Stomach, Liver and Womb. It prevails againft Ver-
tigo’s, Lethargies, Convulfions, Cramps, Palfies,
LameneIs,Numbnefs,and Contortions of the Bowels.
By the conftant ufe of this Tinfture for about fix
or feven Months, I knew a Man of about thirty fix
or thirty eight Years of Age, perfeftiy cured of the
Palfie. Dofe one, two or three drams at a time,
Morning and Evening ( and in very cold habits of
Body, Morning, Noon, and Night ) in a Giafs of
Madera, or other generous Wine. In Cramps and
Convulfions it would be good to bathe the parts
affefled therewith : and in Palfies, to bathe tliofe
parts of the Back Bone, whofe Vertebra fend Nerves
to the places affli&ed.

XVII. The Acid Tinfture. It has all the Virtues
of the liquid Juice, and Effence, and is indeed a
powerful thing againft all Malign and Peftileritial
Fevers, for it a&ually deftroys the malignity, and
abates the heat of the Fever.s Outwardly applied,
it is found of lingular good ufe to take away defee-
dations, or defilements of the Skin.

XVIII. The Saline Tinfture. It is good for thofe
who are troubled with the Itch, or have old Sores
in their Legs, or other parts of their Bodies : it al-
fo takes away Tanning, Sun-burning, Scurf Mor-
phew, black and blew Spots, and other difcoloringS
and deformities of the Skin.

XIX. The Cataplafm. The Green^Herb, with the
Roots, being bruited, and made into a Cataplalm,
with a little Oil of Camomil, and pouder of Or-
rice Roots and Zedoary, and applied hot to rhe
Navel, it eafes the Griping pains of the Belly and
Bowels, as allb the pains ot the Mother. And ap-
plied to the Left fide takes away Stitches, and ea-
fes the pains of the Spleen. Applied alfo to Wo-
mens Breafts, who have their Courfes in too great
a meafure, it ftops them, and gives great relief to
difaffe&ions of the Mamillary parts.

XX. The Mixture. $£ of the liquid Juice four
ounces : Oil Olive one ounce : blowers of Sulphur art
ounce and half: mix them. It cures the Itch, Mor-
phew, Scurf or Dandriff, feald Heads, difcoloringS
of blows or Wounds, Tettars, Ring-worms, and
other like difeompofures of the Skin, being anoint-
ed therewith, Morning and Evening, tor fome time.

Z

CHAR

lyo Salmons HerbaL Lib. I.

CHAP. CXXI.

Of CHARLOCK.

I.'-p HE Names. I do not find that this Plant

X was known to the Greeks , and l'o have
no Greek name for it. It is called in Latin, Rapi-
ft rum : and in Englifh , Charlock , Oarlock, and Chad-
lock.

II. The Kinds. Some would have it to be a Spe-
cies of the Wild Turnep , others of Sinapi -, fome of
Eryflmum -, others refer them to the L ampfana^ of
Diofcorides : but it took its name Rapi ft rum, ufl-
militudtne Rapifoliorum , for which realon it was
that fome have called it Wild Turnep. But taking
it as Genus, There are feveral kinds of them to be
found in England, viz. I. Rapift rum Commune, Com-
mon Charlock. 2. Rapift rum Sylveftre, five Arvo-
rum, Wild, or Field Carlock : Me.tthiolus calls it
Lampfana fo alfo Anguilara , Lonicerus, Lugdu-
nenfis, Gerard and Gefner, in Hortis : Fuchftus and
Turner call it Irion : Bauhin , Rapiftrum flore luteo.
3. Rapiftrum alterum Arvorum , A fecond Field
Charlock ^ which is alfo called by all the former
names. 4. Rapiftrum album Articulatum, White
Field Charlock ; which is the Lampfana of Turner
and Ccefalpinus , who alfo calls it Radix Sy heft rls :
The third Sinapi agrefte of Tragus : Rapiftrum flore
albo Erucx foliis Lobeli -, Armor act a Tabermontani •
Rapiftrum flore albo flliqua articulataBauhini. 5. Ra-
piftrum Monofpermon Bauhini, One Grained Charlock.
6. Rapiftrum Aquatic urn. Water Charlock.

them, which perijhes when the Seed is ripe -, from
this Root rifes Leaves almoft like to the Rapum
Sylveftre, but lejjer, and f mailer at the bottom, not
Jagged : among zohich rifes a rough, fender, brittle, ,
and fome what hairy Stalk, a foot and half, or two
feet high, having larger Leaves than the former,
and fomewhat Jagged and Waved : The Stalk to-
wards the top is divided into many Arms and Branch-
es, on which do grow little yellowijh Flowers, which
make a great Jhe 10 -, but fometimes they are found
to be of a purplifh color ■, which being pall there fol-
lows long Rods, fharp towards the end, containing
feveral fiattifh Seeds, of a whitifh yellow color .

IV. The Tecond, has a Root long and white, which
grows woody when it runs up to Stalk and Seed, and
perijhes after Seed time. From which Root fprings
forth many long and broad rough Leaves, hairy and
green, lying upon the ground round about the Root,
fomewhat deeply gafhed in on the edges, and round
pointed : from among which rifes up one fender
hairy Stalk, feldom many, branched from the middle
upwards into many Arms, with divers lejjer Leaves
on them to the tops -, on which ft and many yellow
Flowers, having four or Jive Leaves a piece, which
in a Hemp Land, or Corn Field make a mighty and
glorious fhew ( but much to the Owners dfprofit : )
after thefe Flowers are paft, there follows long rough
Rods, not very fender, with divers round, ftnall ,
reddifh brown Seed therein, like unto Muftard Seed,
but larger, as quick and fharp in tafte, but more
bitter than it.

V. The third hoe a long Root , with many Fibres
at it, like the former, which dies every year, from
whence fpring up many large Leaves waved in, a lit-
tle rough or hairy , but not cut or jagged as the for-
mer, the upper Leaves being whole and fmaller.
The Stalk rifes up rough and hairy like the others,
of about eighteen Inches high , or more, fpread out
into many Branches ■, at the tops of which are a great

number

Chap.

I 2 I.

'Eftgltjh Herbs.

171

number of pale yellow Plowers, which being pafjed
away , long pointed Pods follow , rough like the for-
mer ^ and with a fhew of divifions in them , in which
are contained little round , <z//i zz/zz/fl/? Afh-colored,
fometimes reddifh Seed.

VI. The fourth has a Root fmall and long in fame

Plants , in others thicker and rounder , to the

bignefs of a fmall long rooted Turnep , which is An-
nual, or perifting every Tear : Prom this Root there
comes forth fewer Leaves than in the former , but
f mailer and rougher , o/zr/ in fome little or nothing
jagged , but in others more : the Stalks are rougher
and lower than the others , which alfo fpread forth
into Branches towards the top : and on the tops of
which grow the Plowers , zzo/ _/o rzi/zzy tfx z/z //;£■ Cor?-
?/zo;z, orfecond kind , nor yet altogether fo great or
fo yellow , but either of a pale yellow , or more white -,
o/zor which oo/ro /or//; /mailer rough Pods , with
Joints or Divifions in them •, z/z tojb/f£> are contained
/mailer brownifh Seed , nothing near fo fiery or hot ,
ox in the firft orfecond kind : of this kind alfo, fome
have been found with a purplifh Plower.

VII. T/;o fifth has a Root long and white , oW
fomewhat Fibrous from whence fpring forth its
lower Leaves , which are fomewhat large , thick, and
hairy , 0/ 0 wry /ro/Z> ^roozz oo/or, /or^ on both edges
at the bottom , but broader at the ends , w/;oro they
are only waved : The Stalks alfo are a little rough
and hairy , </ about twelve or fixteen Inches , or rzortf,
high, fet with a few fuch Leaves as the loweft, but
f mailer •, towards the top they branch forth into long
/pikes of gold yellow Plowers , //;o /org/fr 0/ /fcroo,
_/ozzr, or /w Inches •, which being pa ft , /fim? oorzox
/7Z /feozr ^/ooox finally round, ftripcd Heads or Husks ,
with a fmall point at the end ■, containing in every
one of them but one Seed, from whence came the
name.

VIII. The fixth, which is the Water Charlock, has
a Root long, tough, and full of firings, creeping and
putting forth many Stalks -, from whence conies forth
Stalks of a Tard high, and fometimes more, with ma-
ny Branches, fender and fmooth , in refpett to any
of the reft, which are fet with rough ribbed Leaves,
deeply indented about the lower parts of the Leaf
The Plowers grow at top of the Branches in Vmble
or Tuft fajhion, fometimes of one color, and fometimes
of another : the SeedVeffels are fhort and fmall, con-
taining in them fmall Seed.

IX. The Places. The firft has been found grow-
ing in divers places of England, as going from Shore-
ditch by Bednal-Green to Hackney : The fecond,
third, and fourth are found growing in Corn Fields,
Hemp Lands, in Barren Grounds, and often by the
Borders of Fields and Hedges, Bank-fides and lln-
tilled Grounds, and fuch other like places : The
fifth grows in many places of Germany, and with
us is nourifh’d up in Gardens. The fixth grows in
moift Meadows, and Marlh Grounds, and in Water
Ditches, and other plafhy places.

X. The Times. They dower all April, and con-
tinue flowering till the Summer is far fpent * and
the Seed ripens in the mean time.

XI. The Qualities. The Seed is hot and dry in
the third Degree •, infomuch as fome do make ufe
of it inftead of Muftard Seed, or mingle it there-
with. It is Cephalick, Neurotick, Stomatick, Ne-
phritick and Hyfterick •, Aperitive, Abfterfive, and
Diuretick : Alterative, Ptarmick, Mafticative, and
Alexipharmick.

XII. The Specification. It opens the Obftru&ions
of Brain and Nerves, and is good againft the Pal-
fie, weaknefs and trembling of the Nerves.

XIII. The Preparations. You may have from the
Seed, 1. An Expreffed Oil. 2. An Errhine. i. A
Sauce imitating Muftard. 4. A Spirit, like Spirit
of Scurvy-grafs. 5. A Spirituous Tin Jure. 6. An
Oily Tin Jure. 7. A Saline Tin Jure. 8. A Cat a-
plafm.

The Virtues.

XIV. The Oil by Exprejfion. It difcuflfes any
cold Tumor, and eafes pains proceeding from a cold
Caufe, being anointed upon the part warm, and
well rubbed in. It is of good ufe to make Soap
withal, inftead of Oil Olive, and much exceeds
Train or Whale Oil for that purpofe *, and where
Butter and other Oil are wanting, it may ferve to
Fry with.

XV. The Errhine. It is made of the Seed by
grinding it with fair Water, in a Boul, with a Bul-
let, then ftraining the thin or liquid part from the
grofs : this liquid part being fometimes fnufft up
the Noftrils, lo as it may come out again at the
Mouth, purges the Head and Brain effectually, by
the Noftrils, of cold, moift and mucilaginous Hu-
mors, and by that means prevails againft vehement
and inveterate Head-achs, proceeding from a cold
caufe, Vertigo’s, Lethargies, Carus, Apoplexy, Epi-
lepfie, Convulfions, Palfie, and other like Diftem-

ers of the Brain and Nerves. And I have known
y often ufing of it, in fome who have been Dim
lighted, or almoft Blind, and in others who have
had a conftant flux of Rheum into their Eyes, for
fome confiderable time, that it has cleared the fight,
diverted the Rheum, and ftrengthened the Eyes fo
admirably, as if they had never ailed any thing at
ail.

XVI. The Sawce. It is made as Muftard, and
fo to be ufed : it ftrengthens the Stomach, (harpens
the Appetite, and caufes a good Digeftion : but it
is nothing near fo plealant as Muftard : applied
immediately upon a Contufion where the skin is
not broken, it difcufles the Tumor, and prevents
the afflux of Humors to the part.

XVII. The Spirit. It is admirable againft the
Scurvy in a cold habit of Body j it excites the Ani-
mal Spirits, and caufes liveiinefs and cheerfulnefs
in fuch as are Sleepy, Drowfie and Lethargick :
and is indeed an excellent thing for fuch conitantly
to take of, who are Paralytick, or troubled with
numbednefs, tremblings, and other weaknefles of the
Nerves ^ more efpecially, if it is alfo bathed down
along the Back-bone, and parts affeCled, Morning
and Evening, and alfo taken from one dram to two
drams, or more, Morning, Noon, and Night, in
fome convenient Antiparalytick, and Antifcorbutick
Vehicle.

XVIII. The Spiritous Tintfure. It has the Vir-
tues of the Spirit, and in fome cafes more effedual,
being more Stomatick than that is ^ and being ba-
thed upon any part afflifted with a cold Tumor or
Swelling, or with cold and moift Humors, or with
Rheumatick Pains proceeding from cold, it warms
and comforts the Part, difcuiTes the Humors, and
eafes the Pain : mixed with White Wine, and ufed
as an Errhine, it purges the Head and Brain of Cold
Phlegmatick Matter which offends it, caufing Head-
achs, Vertigo’s, Drowiinefs, Lethargies, Lie.

XIX. The Oily Tintfure. It is ufed chiefly out-
wardly, in Gouts from a cold caufe, in which it
gives admirable eafe. As alfo in Numbnefs, Trem-
bling of the Limbs, and Palfies, in all which cafes,
it ought to be bathed all along upon the Back bone,
from the Vertebra of the Neck, almoft to the Anus,
and this to be repeated oftentimes, and well rub-
bed in both Morning and Evening ^ the parts af-
Z 2 feaed.

172 Salmons Herbal. Lib. !

fecled are likewile 10 be bathed with the fame. An-
ointed upon a Nerve prickt or hurt, it eafes the
Pain and Anguifh, and abates the Tumor, if any be
prefent.

XX. The Saline Tinfture. If given inwardly,
from half a dram to two drams, it opens Obftru-
£tions of the Urinary parts, and of the Womb ^ but
it is of greateft ufe in outward Applications againft
Tanning, Sun-burning, Scurf, Morphew, DandrifF,
and other like Defcedations of the Skin^ for it
cleanfes after a lingular manner, by reafon of its
Volatile Particles.

XXL The Cataplafm. Made of the Green Herb,
but principally of the Seed, with the addition of a
quarter part of Mithridate, and fo much Orrice
pouder as will bring it to a confidence, and applied
to cold flatulent Tumors, it difculfes them : if Na-
ture defigns the Tumor for breaking, it brings it to
maturation or ripenefs, and that in a little time,
becaufe of its hear. If it is applied to the Gout, it
eafes the Pain, and attrafts the Morbifick Humor
through the Pores of the Skin, in manner of
Sweat.

CHAP. CXXII.

Of C H E R R Y Winter.

I- 'T' HE Karnes. It is called in Greek , StjuV©-,
A x) 2t?u yv©~ dny.eiKa&©' ■ In Arabick , Keken-
gi, CJ Alkekengi : In Latin , Alkakengi , Halicaca-
bum , Solanum Halicacabum Theophrafti , Veficarium
P Uni) , Saxifraga quart a rubra Brunfelfij , and Sola-
tium Veficarium : In Englijh , Winter Cherries.

II. The Kinds. Parkinfon fays, it is one of the
kinds of Solatia , or Nigbt-Jhades , fet forth and fpo-
ken of by Diofcorides and Galen , and one of the
two of Theophraftus. We make two Kinds there-
of, 1. halicacabum five Alkakengi Vulgar e, Our
Common Winter Cherry. 2. Halicacabum five Al-
kakengi Virginienfe , The Virginian Winter Cherry.
There is another Plant, which fome Authors
have joined with Winter Cherries , and called it,
helicacabum Peregrinum , Veficaria Peregrina , and
Hclicacabum Repens , Winter Cherries Creeping,
as Tragus, fuchfius. , Gefner , Matthiolus , Dodo-
mens, and others ; but Cordus oppofes, and makes
it another Plant : Bauhinus puts it among the
Peafe, as a kind thereof, and calls it Pifum Vefi-
carium : lnbal thinks it to be the Ifopyum Diof-
coridis , and calls it, Cor Indum , Pifum Indicum ,
and Pifum Cordatum for all which Reafons, it
being rather a Grain than a Berry , we have for-
born to put it in this plac* : and fo much the
more alfo, becaufe it is no Kative or Denifon of
our Ccuntrev, nor does it grow naturally, as fome
think, in any Part of Europe.

III. The Defcription. Our Common Winter Cher-
ry has a running or creeping Root in the Ground ,
long, and not much unlike to the Roots of Quitch-
grafs , running very far abroad under the upper cruft
of the Earth , caufing it greatly to encreafe • it is
fnmetimes of the ihicknefs of ones little finger, foot-
ing forth at fever al Joints , and in feveral places ,
by which means it quickly fills a great piece of
r round . Prom this Root rifes up a Stalk two or
hree feet high , round , fender , fnooth , and fome -
hat reddif). 1, reeling this way , and that way ,

by reafon of its weaknefs : upon whichcomfforib
many broad and long green Leaves , not much un-
like to thofe of Common Nightfhade, but lar-
ger : at the Joints whereof and among which Leaves
come forth whitifh flowers , conffting of five ft mall
Leaves apiece : In the middle of which flower
comes forth a Berry , green at fir ft, and red when it
is ripe , like almoft in color and bignefs to our Com-
mon Red Cherries ( whence the Englifh name • )
Thefe Berries are enclofed in Skins , or Bladders' of
a pale reddif) color. In the Berry is contained a
reddif) Pulp , and the Seed lying in the fame , zohich
are many , fmall , and flat , and of a pale yellow
color.

lV. The American kind. , bus a fmall Root Spread-
ing under ground^ but not fo far as the former , and
pcnjhes every Tear, from this Root comes forth
Branches with Leaves on the ground , fcarcely ri-
fmS. uPf> much as the other, feldom above eighteen
or twenty Inches high, ( which 1 obferved when in
Us perfeHion, and growing upon fertil ground ) but
the Branches are greater, as alfo are the Leaves ,
and fome thing more uneven about the edges, of a
Jad, or deep green , almoft of a Sea-green color : at
the Joints come forth the flowers fingly, to z»it, one
at a place , and more towards the bottom than up-
wards ( this I obferved not, for I always found each
Plant very full of fruit, almoft from the bottom to
the very top : ) but as they grow to the height of
the Branches , both flowers and fruit are rather
fmaller than thofe which are below : the flowers are
compofed of five fmall whit ifh Leaves, with a Circle
of red, or every Leaf is fpotted Circle-wife towards
their bottoms : the flowers being paft there follows
the fruit, enclofed in a thin Skin or Bladder, of a
whitifh, or pale greenifh color -, and not full out fo
big as the former. Within this Husk or Bladder is
contained the Berry , which never grows full out fo
large as our Englifh Winter Cherry, yet whilft re-
cent, fills almoft the Bladder in which it is contain-
ed : when the Cherry or Berry comes to its perfe-
II ion, it is never red, but of a pale whitifh green

color ,

Chap. 123. ‘EngUJh Herbs.

1

color , fometimes of an Amber color , or of a light
pa lift yellow ; and fometimes thofe which the San
looks fall upon, may have fame fmall freaks of red,
mixed with Amber-colored and pale yellowijh green
colored. The Berry contains a Pulp like the Englifh
but whitijh yellow, or green, in which Pulp is con-
tained the Seed, which is fmall and flat , like the other,
and of a whitijh color.

V. The Places. The firft grows by Hedge hides,
and old Walls, and about the Borders of Fields, in
moift and fhadowy places ( this it may poffibly do,
in feveral Southern Regions and Countries beyond
Sea ) but with us it grows chiefty in Gardens. The
other grows Wild in Englifh Plantations in Virginia.
I found it growing in a Plantation up Wadmalaw
River in Carolina, and in feveral other Plantations
of that Country, where it grew lpontaneoully, and
that in valt plenty. Parkinfom makes mention of
a third kind of Wefl India Alkakengt, which I take
to be the fame with that before deferibed, and dif-
fers from it only in largenefs, and ftrength of its
Stalks, Branches and Berries, which I believe arifes
only from the differing goodnefs of the Soil, they
being in all other refpefts exaftly the fame. I have
found them both growing on the fame ground, but
could not poffibly take them to be two differing
Species of the fame Genus.

VI. The Times. They Flower about the middle
or latter end of July ; and the Fruit is ripe about
the latter end of AuguJI. In Carolina they flower
fomething earlier.

VII The Qualities. The Herb is cold and moift
m the fecond Degree, not Aperitive : but the Ber-
ries are of the fame Quality, and Opening ; Diure
tick, Nephrecick, Alterative, and Lithontriptick.

VIII. The Specification. They are peculiar againft
Obftmffions of the Reins, Ureters, and Bladder,
and to help in the Strangury, Stone, Gravel, Sand’
and Tartarous matter, lodged in thofe Parts. ’

IX. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,

1. A Diflilled Water from the Fruit or Leaves.

2. A Juice of the Fruit made with White Wine.
;. An Infufion or Decollion of the Bernes. 4. A
Diet Drink. ;. A Pouder of the Berries. 6. An
Oil of the Root. 7. A Calaplafm of the Leaves or
Fruit.

The Virtues.

X. The Diflilled Water. It is Cooling and Diu-

retick : It may be Diftilled from the Fruit or Leaves
with a little Milk. It may be drank from two oun-
ces to five or fix, fweetned with a little Sugar,
Morning and Evening, againft the Strangury, heat
of Urine, aud all the Diftempers of the Urinary
Parts. 1

XI. The Juice of the Fruit. It mty be given from
one ounce to two, in a glafs of White Port Wine
againft Stone, Gravel, Sand, Tartarous Mucilage, or
what ever (tops the Urine in either Reins, Ureters,
or Bladder : but it is not fo powerful as the pou-
der.

XII. The Infufion or DecoUion of the Berries in
White Wine, or Water. It opens the Urinary Parts,
and is an excellent thing againft the Strangury, pro-
voking the Urine plentifully when it is Hopped,
or grows hot, ftiarp, or painful in the paffage. It is
good to expel the Stone and Gravel out of the Reins
and Bladder, helping ( where it is compofed of a
gritty Subftance ) to diffolve it, and to expel and
fend it forth by Urine in form of Sand or Gravel,
ft is good to cleanfe inward Apoftemations, and
Ulcers in the Urinary Parts, and to relieve fuch as
make a foul, filthy, .or ftinking Urine, or that pifs
Blood. It ts profitable alfo againft the Jaundice,

73

by carrying oft the Morbifick Caufe by Urine. Lofe
from tour to eight ounces, Morning, Noon, and
N ight : and to be continued as the Exigency of the
Dileafe requires.

XIII. The Diet Drink. It is made of the Betties
put up into new Wine, when it is new made, that
working with the Berries therein, their Virtues may
be drawn forth into the Wine. Or becaufe our
Country affords not new Wine in the MuJ) you
may put them into new Beer, or Ale, as you fet
them to Work, and alfo Tun them up therewith
that they may fully Work with tile fame. The
proportion is two large handfuls, whilft green to
a Gallon of Wine or Ale : and one large handful
well bruifed when dry. This may be drank as or-
dinary drink, bur at leaft a Pint of it Morning
Noon and Night. It has all the Virtues of the 15-’
tuhon or Decottion.

XIV. The Pouder. It is made of the dried Ber-
riK, in which the Seeds themfelves are reduced into
a Pouder. The Dole is from fifteen grains to half
a dram Morning and Night, in a Glafs of White
Port Wine. Or you may Infufe it in the fame
Wine, two ounces .of the Pouder to three Quarts of
Wine, letting it ftand in a cold Digeftion a Month
before hand, fhaking the Bottle every day. When
you drink it, fhake the Bottle, and pour it out thick
and thin together, and let the Patient take a quarter
of a Pint at a time, Pouder and all. Morning and
Evening, and continue this courfe till he has found
the defired relief. This Pouder, and thus taken is
much more efficacious than either the Infufion, De-
coction, or Diet ; and ought to be very much va-
lued of fuch as are troubled or afflifted with the
Stone, Strangury, or ftoppage of Urine.

XV. The Oil of the Root. It is good againft the
poilonous llroke of the Scorpion : This Oil being-
applied, Parkinfon fays, it is powerful againft their
ltingmg. Pliny fays, that the Root hereof is fo
powerful to ftupifie the Venom of the Scorpion
rjut i*- i,c Puc t0 them, they will utterly loofe
their Itrength.

XVI. The Cataplafn. It is coaling, and profitable
to be applied to allay the heat of Inflammations, and
to eafe pains coming from a cold cable.

CHAP. CXXIII.
CHERVIL Carden.

I HE flames. It is called in Greek ~r.aiptc'j?s

A MS, and is thought to be ww;, Theophra -
Its, hb.j. cap. 7 tranfiated by Gaza, Enthiijicum t
Chervil*1’ Ure-><,l,um' and Chterifolium : In Englifh,

II. The Kinds. It is threefold, r. Garden. i.WUd.
1. Tooth-pick Chervil. The Garden Chervil is three-
fold, 1. The Common Garden, called Ce refolium Sa-
twum 2. The Great Sweet Chervil, Sweet Cifley.
called Cerefohum magnum, five Myrrhis. a. The’
Small Sweet Chervil, Small Sweet Cifley called
Myrrhs altera parva. The Wild we (hall treat of

following4' 3nd thS Tao,h-?,ck Cberv'l ‘n Cap. 125.

III. The Defcription. Garden Chervil hdi a fmall
and long Root , which perijhes every Tear, and k ran
lei up every Tear, with Seed /own in the Spring

a Jo in Autumn for Sal/eling. It fifes up with
Stalks not afoot high, and in its Leaves much re -
Jembles Fad ley, but after it is grown bigger the
Leaves arc very much cut in and jagged, Jome what

refem *

i y 4 Salmons Herbal. Lib. I.

refenbling Hemlock, being a little hairy , and of a
whitijh green color , /wr turning reddijh in Summer ,
with the Stalks alfo , bearing at the top of its Branch-
es /poked Tufts of white flowers, which being pafl ,
///;■/? and round Seed , pointed at the ends ,

am/ blackijh when they are ripe, of a fweet tafte,
bat no fmell -, but the whole Herb it felf has a pretty
kind of fweet Scent.

IV. The Great Chervil, ( called alfo Sweet Cif-
ley ) has a great Root , blackijh on the out fide , and
whit iff? within, from which fprings forth many fibres',
it perifhes not , but abides many years, and is of a

fweet, pleafant, hot,fpicie Tafle, pleafing unto ma-
ny : from this Root comes forth feveral Stalks of
winged Leaves, confifting of many Leaves fet toge-
ther, deeply cut in on the edges, and every one alfo
dented about , very like, and refembling the Leaves
of Garden Crefles, from which they are not eafily to
be diftinguifhed , but by good obfervation ofthofe who
know both : Their tafle is not unpleafant ( for which
reafon many put them into Sallets ) and is not much
differing from the Tafte of Anifeeds .* There alfo n-
fes up a Stalk reafonable large, and a little crefted ,
about a yard high , fpreading it felf out into many
Branches, at the tops whereof ft and many fpoaky
Tufts or TJmbles of white Flowers, which being pafl
away, there follows brown, long, cornered, great Seed,
two always joined together.

V. The Small Sweet Chervil, ( or Small Sweet
Cifley ) has a Root not like the former, but confifi-
ing of almoft nothing but fibres, thick and matted to-
gether •, its Leaves, Stalks, and Umbles of Flowers
differ not much from the laft, faving that they are
every ways lefs. The Seed is long, fmooth, fmall,
and fhaped like to an Oat, and in tafte not much un-
like to that of Daucus Creticus.

VI. The Places. The two fir ft grow in Gardens
and that almoft throughout this whole Kingdom :
The laft is found in fome parts of the Alps, as a-
bout Genoua, and other places, but with us only in
Gardens of Botanifts, and iuch as are curious of
Plants.

VII. The Times. They Flower and Seed in May,
and their Seed is ripe in July : and therefore are
Sown again in the end of Summer.

VIII. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the firft
Degree * Galen fays in the fecond : Aperitive, Ab-
fterlive. Carminative, Digeftive, Diuretick and Ano-
dyn. It warms and comforts the Head, Brain,
Nerves and Stomach, is Pe&oral, Nephritick and
Hyfterick : Alfo Alterative, Alexipharmick and Sper-
matogenetick.

IX. The Specification. It is found by great expe-
rience to comfort the Stomach, and provoke Urine,
even where it is ftopt.

X. The Preparations. You may have herefrom,
I. The Green Root. 2. The green Herb. 3. The
green Seed. 4. The Diftilled Water. 5. The Li-
quid Juice. 6. The Effence. 7. The Ba/fam, or
Ointment. 8. The Roots Candied. 9. The Decoaion
of the Roots in Wine.

The Virtues.

XI. The green Root. Gerard fays, they are excel-
lent to be eaten inaSallet, being firft boiled, and then
dreft up to the Table, as the Cook can tell belt, either
with Butter and Vinegar, or Oil and Vinegar. They
are good ( fays he) for old People which are Dull,
and without Courage : they rejoyce and comfort the
Heart, ftrengthen and provoke Luft much.

XII. The green Leaves. They are very good,
wholfom and pleafant, being eaten raw as a Sallet
Herb with other Salleting, giving the whole a little
relifh of Anifeeds. Ufed as a Pot-herb, it is plea-
fant to the Stomach ; and is ufed by the Dutch in
a kind of Loblolly or Hotchpotch, which they call
Warmus.

XIII. The green Seed. Parkinfon fays, they are
commended, being put into a Sallet of green Herbs,
and eaten with Oil and Vinegar, to ftrengthen the
Aged, and comfort a cold Stomach. Gerard fays,
that the green Seed eaten as a Sallet, with Oil, Vi-
negar, and Pepper, exceed all other Sallets by many
Degrees, both in pleafantnefs of Tafte, fweetnels of
Smell, and wholfomnefs as for Food, being good
for . a cold and weak Stomach.

XIV. The

Chap.

1 24.

‘EngUjh Herbs.

XIV. The Di julled Water. Being drank to four
or fix ounces, it is good to diffolve congealed Blood,
and provoke Urine.

XV. The Liquid Juice. It diffolves congealed
Blood in the Stomach, Guts, Pleura, Lungs, Womb,
or other Bowels : it provokes Urine, and the Terms
in Women, and to expel Sand, Gravel, and Stones
out of the Reins, Ureters and Bladder : and prevails
alfo againlt the Pleurifie, very much comforting a
weak, fick, and cold Stomach. Dofe four ounces,
Morning and Night, in a Glafs of Wine.

XVI. The E fence. It has all the Virtues of the
liquid Juice, befides which it facilitates the Birth,
and brings away the After-birth, is good againlt
Poifon, and the Venomous biting of the Pbahingutm,
as Dio/ corides faith, is nutritive, and reftores inCon-
lumptions : Being often taken it breeds Seed, and very
much provokes Lull, and has reltored forrie who
have been Impotent.

XVII. The Balfam and Ointment. They foon
cure green Wounds, and digeft them, if Contufed
or Lacerated : Applied to filthy, ltinking, and for-
did Ulcers, they digeft, cleanfe, dry, conglutinate,
and heal admirably : and applied to the Gout, they
eafe the pain thereof, drawing forth the Morbifick
matter thro’ the Pores of the Skin.

XVIII. The Candied Roots. They are very good
to warm, comfort and ftrengthen a cold and weak
Stomach, and excite Venus : And Parkinfon fays,
they are thought to be a good Prefervative in the
time of Plague.

XIX. The DecoOion of the Roots in Wine. It has
the Virtues of the Juice and Elfence, but not all out
fo powerful -. It is good againlt the bitings of Vi-
pers, Mad Dogs, and other Venomous Creatures-
is profitable againlt the Phthifick, and fuch as have
an Impotency, or are in a pining Confumption.
Dofe, Morning and Night, Horn four to eight
ounces.

CHAP. CXXIV.

Of CHERVIL Wild.

L ' I 'HE Names. It is called in Greek , Kaupi^ux-

J- Kov iyctov : In Latin, Cerefolium , or Cbere-
foliurn Sylvefire : and in Englijh', Wild Chervil.

II. The Kinds. This is the fecond Species of
Chervils , and is threefold : 1 . Choerophyllum Bau-
hini, Cerefolium Sylvefire Vu/gare, Common Wild
Chervil. 2. Myrrbts TEquicolorum mrua Fabij Co-
lumnsSmall Hemlock Chervil. 3. Cicutaria alba
Lugdunenfis , Cicutaria Pahiftris Camerarij , Wild
Cilley.

III. The Defcriptions. Wild Chervil, has a mhitilh
woody Root from which rife up round about it, round,
red, and hairy Stalks, a yard bigh,or more, many times
large, and fwoln about the Joints , which Stalks are
not hollow, but full of Pith : towards the top they
are divided into many Branches, which have on their
tops Umb/es of J mall and very fine white little Flow-
ers, which being pajfed away, are fucceeded by longijh
Seeds. The Leaves are commonly parted into three
principal parts ; and each part again f undivided in-
to five which are fnipt about the edges, f oft, hairy,
and of a dark green , or redii/h color.

IV. Small Hemlock Chervil, has a Root fmall and
white, which when it has perfeUed its Seed, perijhes
every Tear : from which rife up Stalks J. lender , hol-
low, fmooth, not hairy, and J'eldom exceeding the
height of two feet, they are divided into Jevcral

Branches, againjl the Leaves, Jo that they J bring
out of Bofoms, as it were, of the Leaves, -which car-
ry Umb/es of fmall while Flowers ; after which JoT-
low the Seeds, rough, hairy, round and longijh, about
the bignefs of Anileedd, and growing two together.
The Leaves are fmall, and finely cut or divided,
like thofe of Hemlock, but of a whilijh color, and
hairy.

V. Wild Cifley, has a Root very large, and divi-
ded into feveral parts , white , and Jpungy, of a plea-
fant firong Smell, and with a hot and biting tafte :
This Root, tho’ the Stalks fade and perifh. yet lives
and the Leaves are green all the Tear. The Stalks
( if they grow in good ground ) come to be three or
four feet high, are hollow , jointed , pretty thick
green, and much Crefted, fending forth out ,f the
bofoms of the Leaves many Blanches, which have on
their tops, Umb/es of white Flowers, each Flower
confi fling of five little Leaves -, of which the lowed
is twice as big as the reft ; lie two fide ones Icjs ■
the uppermoft the leaf! of all. The Leaves are large
like thofe o/Myrrhis, or Sweet Cifley, but of a dark
green color -, and thofe which grow on the Tops of
the Stalks, are commonly divided into three parts
and thofe again fubdivided into feveral long Jharp
pointed and fnipt Leaves , like thofe in Sweer Cifley,
the Seeds are longijh, round, Jharp pointed, black
and Jhining. This Plant may very well be called
Wild Cifley, for that it fo much refembles the Gar-
den Sweet Cilley, not only in its firm, but ( as Au-
thors believe ) in its Virtues loo. ’

VI. The Places. The firft grows almoit in every
Hedge, and by every Hedge fide : The fecond, about
Mudd Walls, High Ways, and fuch like places, a-
bout London, and many other parts of the Kingdom :
it is but a final! Plant. 1 he third is tound very
Irequently in all places, efpecially where the ground
is moilt and fat, in Meadows, Orchards, and the
like.

VII. The Times. The firft flowers in June and
July, and the Seed ripens in the mean Seafon, or

not

if:

m

Salmon^ Herbal.

not long after. The fecond comes up in March ,
flowers in May, and its Seed ripens in June. In
Italy they eat "the young Leaves in Sallets, and call
it Wild Chervil. The third dowers alfo in May
and June , and its Seed ripens in the mean Seafon,
or not long after.

VIII The Qualities, Specification , Preparations
and Virtues , are Laid to be the fame with the Gar-
den Chervils, to which I refer you. Parkinfon fays,
that Wild Chervil will help to difiblve any Tumor
or Swelling, and that in any part of the Body, as
alfo to take away the fpots and marks in the Flefh
and Skin, proceeding from Congealed Blood, by
bruifes or blows, in a lhort time, by applying it
( bruifed I fuppole ) to the place.

IX. A Cataplafm of the green Herbs and Roots.
I once knew a Man who had been for a long time,
even for many years, affiicfed with the Gout } fo
that fornetimes for four, five or fix Months toge-
ther he could neither go nor Hand, which put him
lb much out of heart, as ta think himfelf pall all
cure. A Beggar Woman going by, and begging at
the Door, at fuch time as the Paroxyfm was upon
him, and underltanding by forne Difcourfes the
Matters illnefs, told them (be would cure him :
fhe advifed him to apply a Pultice of green Wild
Chervil to the parts aftti&ed, and to renew it as of-
ten as he faw need -. ( fetching to him alfo at the
fame time fome of the Herb, that he might know
it : ) he did fo, following exaftly the Beggar Wo-
mans advice, and he had in a little time eafe, and in
lefs than a Months time a perfeH Cure. If at any
time afterwards he found any Grumbling Pain, in
the fame parts, or in any other, he had ftill recourfe
to the fame remedy, and averr’d upon his faithful
word, that he never apply’d this Cataplafm in
vain.

CHAP. CXXV.

O/CHERVIL Tooth-pick.

I. '"T“v H E Karnes. It is called in Greek , TiyyiJiov :
-L In Latin, Gingidium, and BiJ acuta : In Eng-
lifh. Tooth-pick Chervil, and Strange Chervil. The
Syrians call it Vifnaga, as Rauwo/fius faith.

II. The Kinds. There are three principal kinds,

i. Gingidium verum, five Syriac urn Diofeoridis, Sy
nan Tooth-pick Chervil, called in that Language
Vifnaga. 2. Gingidium Hifpanicum Matthioli, The
Span fih kind. 3. Gingidium Chxrefolij, Foliis Ta-

ber nmontani, Tooth-pick Chervil, with Chervil
Leaves.

III. The Defcriptions. The firfi has a Root almofi
like a Carrot Root, not great, but long, white and
woolly, perifhing every Tear after Seed-time, which
is the fame Tear it is Sown, or clfe fpringing up late,
and not /hooting up into Stalks for Seed, it will a-
bide a Winter : from this Root it grows up with an
upright Stalk, fomevohat rough, branching forth from
the very ground almofi, on which are Jet Stalks of
fine cut Leaves, fmaller than Fennel, especially thofe
on the Stalks and Branches, for the lowefi are a lit-
tle broader. At the tops of the Branches grow broad
i t mbles of white Flowers, fome what purp/ifh in the
middle, when L mbles before they flower, hang down
their Heads, and after the Flowers are pafi, the Um-
bles do conlraSl, or draw themfelves rounder, the
outward parts being higher than the middle, which
then is fo hollow, that it reprefents a Birds Kefi.
Jbmething like to the Umbles of the Wild Carrot :

The Flowers being pafi, there fucceeds a great plen-

ty of very Jin all Seed. The whole Plant has a k ind
of Reft nous Tafie and Smell. There is another fort
alfo of Syrian Chervil, which has but a few Stalks
of zvinged Ledves, almofi tike to Parfneps, but that
every divided Leaf Is broad and round , but leffer *
the Stalk is fomewhat hairy, erefted. , J 'mall, low, and
naked of Leaves to the top, whereon grow fever al
long Stalks with Umbles of white Flowers, and two
or three fmall long leaves with them , whofe Smell
and Tafie is like the former.

ffte. *Jrue Sboty^eg (gheriul

IV. The Spanifh Kind, has a Root long and white.,
from whence rifes up a Stalk higher than the fir ft
Syrian kind, and is every ways greater, as to the

whole.

Chap. 1 26. Unglijh Herbs.

77

whole , but ibe Stalk is more Jlender than it , and the
Leaves more tender at the Joints , thicker , and more
finely cut at the tops , on which fiand large Umbles
of white Flowers , divided into many parts , and
j. landing upon long Stalks , which when the Seed
grows ripe and hard , being long and /lender , «///
ferve very well for Tooth-pickers. Gerard that
in its Leaves , Flowers , and knobby Stalks , it is like
unto Wild Carrots, faving that the Leaves are fome-
what finer cut , 0/- jagged , and tenderer , but not
rough or hairy at all, of a reafonable good Smell, and
a bitter Tajte , which rife up bu/hy r undies,

or /poky Tufts , //& /fo/i? 0/ /fo Wild Carrot or
Birds Neft, which are clofely drawn together ■ when
the Seed is ripe , at what time the Jharp Needles are
hardned , fit to make Tooth-pickers of and for which-
purpofe they very we/lferve 5 and from thence came
the Englifh name.

V . The third kind has a Root long , white , and
bitterijh , //w« which Spring up divers Stalks of
winged Leaves , wry /ifo 2/77/0 /fo Common or Or-
dinary Garden Chervil, but not divided into fo many
parts : the Stalk is round , ft raked and blackifh , 0-
bout a foot and half high, with Joints and Leaves
like the others. The Umbles of white Flowers , 0/7?
encompaffed about with f mailer and finer cut Leaves -,
'when the Flowers are pafi , /fo Umble is controlled
together , which arc clammy, and in which lies fmall
Seed.

VI. Tfo Places. They all grow in Sym • The
fecond in S/w/tz plentifully : but with us they are
only nourimed up in Gardens.

VII. The Times. They flower in J///y and A//-
guft^ and the Seed is ripe in Oflober -, but with us
they' flower late, and therefore the Seed is much
later ; fo that if the Year is not hot and kindly, the
Seed will lcarcely ripen, or come to perfection with
us.

VIII. The Qualities. They are faid to be tempe-
rate in refpeCt of heat or cold, and dry in the end
of the Second Degree : Aftringent, Stomatick, and
Alterative. They are more ufed as Nutriment than
Medicine, both in former times and now, for fiiof-
corides and Galen fay more concerning their Edible
Properties, being eaten raw or boiled, or otlierways
ordered, according to leveral Mens liking, for that
they are bitterilh, and a little Styptick, and fo the
more welcome and agreeable to the Stomach : But
Galen fays, that they are rather Medicinal than Nu-
tritive, for that though they may have a temperate
Quality, as to heat and cold, yet that they have a
manifeft bitternefs and aftringency, by both which
properties, though they may be very agreeable to
the Stomach, yet they are more of the Nature of a
Medicine, than of Food ; for that by thole Proper-
ties, they cleanfe and dry up the moift Humors,
which by fuperabounding, may offend the Stomach,
and by it the Liver, and other pans.

IX. The Specification. Befides llrengthening the
Stomach, as aforefaid, they are proper againlt Dif-
eafes of the Reins, Ureters, and Bladder, and to pro-
voke Urine.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
r. The Juice. 2. The EJfence. 3. The Decoffion
in Wine. 4. The Spirituous Tinchtre. 5. The Acid
Tintlure. 6. The Oily Tintlure. 7. The Qttt/s on
which the Seed does grow.

The Virtues.

XI. The liquid Juice. It is good againft Vomit-
ing, and ftrengthens the Stomach ; it provokes U-
rine, and expels Sand and Gravel from the Reins
and Bladder. The Dofe is three or four ounces,
Morning and Evening, in a Glafs of White Pott
Wine.

XII. The EJfence. It has the Virtues of the Juice,
but (Lengthens the Stomach more, and is withal
more Diuretick. Dofethreeor tour ounces in White
Port Wine.

XIII. The Decothon in JVine. It is an admirable
Stomatick ; and being drunk to fix or eight ounces,
Morning, Noon, and Night, it opens ObftruUions,
and cleanfes the Reins and Urinary parts of Sand,
Gravel, fmall Stones, and Tartarous Slime lodged
in thole parts ; but it is not full out fo powerful as
the Ellence.

XIV. The Spirituous Tintlure. It ftrengthens the
Stomach, helps Digeltion, cheats the Heart, revives
the Spirits, and comforts Univerfal Nature. Dofe
a Jpoonful at a time.

XV. The Acid Tintlure. It Hops Vomiting, clean-
fes the Stomach of Tartar, and Vifcofity, caufes a
good Appetite, and helps Wheezing, Hoarfnefs, and
fhortnefs of Breath.

XVI. The Oily Tintlure. It is Nephritick and
Diuretick, cleanles the Reins and Bladder, and fo is
good againft Stone and Strangury. Dofe twenty or
thirty Drops in White Port Wine.

XVII. The Qui/s, Needles, or Tooth-pickers. They
ferve to pick and cleanfe the Teeth and Gums of
any thing fticking in them, which they do without
any hurt to them, and leave a good Icent in the
Mouth.

CHAP. CXXVI.

O/C H I C H L I N G S Annual.

I-'T'Z/E Ttames. I do not find that it has any

_L Greek name : The Latins call it Lathyrus,
which is a kind of Peafe, ( and differs from Lathy,
ris. Spurge : ) We in Englijh call it Chichling.

II. The Kinds. It is either Perennial or Annual :
The Perennial we lhall treat of when we come to
treat of Peafe Ever/afling. The Annua / is the fub-
jeU matter of this Chapter : They are 1. Lathyrus
Annuus major Bxticus , The Great Spanijh Annual
Chichling. 2. Lathyrus Bxticus elegans , filiquis
Orobi , Spanijh party-colored Chichling. 3. Lathy •
r us major Jiliqua brevi , The greater fhorr-codded
Chichling. 4. Lathyrus minor filiqua brevi , The
lefier Ihort-codded Chichling. 5. Lathyrus, five Ci*
cercula fore a/bo, Aracus Dodontei , Ervum Lacunx
Pifum GretcorumTragi , Ervum album fativumEuch -
fit, Ervum angulofum nliquibus , White flowred
Winged Chichling. 6. Lathyrus, Jive Ciccrcula flare
purpurea, Aracus five Geer a Dodoma, Purple few-
red Winged Chichling 7. Lathyrus, five Ciccrcula
Bacticaflore Gtruleo, Aracus Hifpanicus Cameran 7,
Cicercula TEgyptica Clufij, Blew flowred Winged
Chichling. B. Lathyrus, five Cicercula fore ru>
bente , Red flowred Winged Chichling. 9. Lathy
rus,five Cicercula Bcetica Dumctontm, Wood Chich-
ling.

HI. The Defcriptions. The firfi of thefe hat a
Root fmall , not running deep nor far, but perijking
every Tear ; from whence proceeds two or three flat
Stalks , three feet or more long, welted ns it were
with skins or films ort both edges, having two fmall
Leaves apiece at each Joint, from whence Jhoot forth
the Branches, bearing two pretty long and broad
Leaves about the middle thereof, one oppojite to ana*
ther , with a twining Gaffer or Tendrel running
between them. The blowers [land fingly upon long
Eootjlalks, of a deeper purple color, but lejjer than
the Perennial ; after which come long pale colored
A a Cods,

78

Salmon’/ Herbal Lib. I.

Col j, very like the Perennial, ,is the Peafe within
them aljo ur'e.

IV. 1 'he j'ecoml has & j, mall Root, from whence'
fpring up Brunches or Stalks Jive or fix Feet long ,
withfuch like Welts, or skinny Membranes on both
edges at every Joints from whence come forth long
Leaves^ divided at the top into two other J mailer
Leaves \ and higher upwards fet with fix Leaves on
both files : and in the middle between them conies
forth a fmall Cl ff per or Ten dr el , by which it catches
hold oj every thing which Jlands next unto it. At
the f 01 his iilfo come forth the Flowers, either one or
two at the mop, upon long Foot folks , like unto the
other kind, the'' upper Leaf of a fine Crimfon , or
Orange color, and the other in the middle of a per-
fect White. After the Flowers are paf, comes the
Peafe or Seed in long Cods , every Seed bunching out,
as in the Cods of Orobus, and as large almofi cut the
Smaller Peafe.

V. The third has a fmall fender Root, from whence
■rifles up feveral Stalks, which lye upon the ground,
itnlefs Supported by Something f landing near them :
in its manner of growing it differs but little from
the former • but its Leaves are fometbing longer,
turning a little roundifk, almofi Cicle fafhion d. The
Flower has its inner Leaves white, and the outward
fomewhat pitrplifh , the Cods which follow are thick
and fort, which contain within them, fmall, round,
blackijh Peafe.

VI. The jour th differs little from the lafi , but on-
ly , in the fmall nefs of the Plant, and the Cods, ha-
ving a little rough nefs upon them.

VII. The fifth has a fmall Fibrous Root, perifhing
every Pear, from whence fprings up weak Winged
Stalks lying along on the ground , if not fupported
by fometbing near them, like as all the former, ha-
ving alfo two fmall Leaves at the Joints, and two
others narrower likewife on the Branches , which ter-
minate in divided Clafpers or Tendrels. The Flow-

ers are white , and Jland on long Foot]} a Iks ■ which
\ being pafi away, there comes after them fhort Cods
fomewhat flat, with two little narrow films all along
the back of them -, which contain within them Seed
or Peafe, flat, white, and cornered, and fomewhat
larger than thofe of the former forts.

VIII. The fixth in its Roots, Stalks, Leaves, and.
manner of growing, is like the former : the Flowers
and Seed chief y declare the difference • the Flowers
arc of a dark dead purple color, and the Cods which
follow, are f mailer, with films at their backs like the
former. The Seed or Peafe within them, are alfo
cornered, but of a dark brown color, fo that they are
almofi black in appearance.

IX. The feventh has a fmall fibrous Root perijh-
ing as the reft do, every Tear-, and differs in no-
thing from the fifth and fixth, but in the Leaves ,
which are much larger ■, and the Flowers, which are
of a pa/e blew on the out fide, the inner Leaves being
more blew. The Cods are fmall, and almofi round,
winged at the back like the former, in which is con-
tained brown cornered Seed.

X. The eighth has Roots , and Stalks, like the lafi,
and refembles it in its manner of growing • but its
green Leaves are narrower and longer than thofe, and.
its Flowers are of a dull dead kind of Orange color,
which being paji away, there follows fhort Cods, and
fomewhat round, with brownijh cornered Seed.

XI. The ninth has a fmall fibrous Root as the refi
have, from whence there comes forth J'everal long,
weak Stalks with films on the edges-, at the Joints
are two fmall Leaves, and from between them come
forth the Branches, which have feveral fmall dark
green Leaves on them , fomewhat round at the ends
and are fometimes three on a fide, and fometimes but
two, but not always one againjl another. From the
bufom of the Stalk and Branches, come forth com-
monly two Flowers on a long Footjlalk, the upper
Leaf being reddifh, and the other purplijh, after
which come forth long fmooth Cods, without any film
at the back, containing within them, round, but fome-
what flat Seed, or Peafe, of a brownijh color.

XII. The Places. They all grow in Spain, from
whence they were firft brought to us : the firft four
grow Wild : the latter five are Manured there : but
with us they all grow only in Gardens.

XIII. The Times. They Flower in July, and the
Seed is ripe in Auguft or September.

XIV. The Vitalities, Specification, Preparations,
and Virtues, are the fame with our Peafe or Beans,
to which we refer you. The five laft Manured
forts. Bod fays, are eaten by the poor People of
Spain inltead of Bread ^ for where thefe are eaten
for Food, feldom any Bread Corn is eaten : They are
of a vey folid Subftance, and extreamly Nutritive,
and therefore nourilh more than other Grain, but are
more hard of Conco&ion.

CHAP. CXXVII.

Of CHICKWEED Common.

I. ' I x H E Names. It is called in Greek, ; In
X Latin, Alfne : In Englijh , Chickweed.

II. The Kinds. Th^re are three principal kinds,
1. 'Aawii noivtii Alfne Communis, Common Chick-
weed. 2. ’'Aawh iwl'ea., Alfne aquatica, Water or
Marfh Chickweed, of which in the next Chap-
ter. 3. yAAt7K« 108*1, Alfne notha , Baffard Chick-
weed, of which we fhall treat in Chap. 1 29. Of
the Common kind, there is, 1. Alfne maxima. Lug -

dunenfis \

'Englijb Herbs.

l19

d unen fis -, Anguftifolia Bauhini , Our Greateft Chick-
weed : Gerard calls it, Alfine major, i. AIJine
mmor , Our Common fmall Chickweed. %. Alfine
Baccifera , and Baccifera repens , Cacubalum Plinij ,
Alfine repens Clufij , Berry -bearing Chick-weed, and
Spreading Chickweed.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft to white
thready Boot, fmall, and confifiing of fiver al little
firings like hairs, from whence rife up Stalks a foot or
foot and half high, and fomctimes higher, a great many
from one Root, long, and round, fender, full of
Joints, with two Leaves growing out, of every Knot
or Joint, almofi as large, and as long or longer than
Pellitory Leaves, to which they are very like lnfhape
or form, but fmooth, without any hairy nefs or downi-
nefs,and of a light green color . The Stalks are
fomewhat clear, and as it were perlucid, or tranfpa-
rent ', ami about the Joints they are often of a very
light red color. The Mowers are at the tops of the
Branches , being white, and conffiing of fix Leaves
apiece , ftanding in long green Husks, not much un-
like to the Flowers of Sticchwort, but leffer. Which
being pafi, in their places fucceed long Knops, or
Seed Veffels, but not great, , containing within them
fmall yellowifb Seed.

IV. The fecond has a Root white, and full alfo of
little firings, from whence fpring many Stalks or
Branches, as in the former, which for the mofi part
lye upon the ground : The Stalks are fmall, round ,
long, fender, brittle, or very tender, and jointed :
from which fender Branches fpring Leaves, refem-
bling the precedent, but much lefs, as is likewife the
whole Llant, which in no ref pelt attains to the great-
ncfs of the former, -, the Flowers are alfo in like
manner white and Jmall, flan ding in like fifhioned
green long husks •, which being pafi, the faid Husks
or Knops contain fmall yellowifh Seed.

V. The third has a Root which is white and long,
creeping much under ground, and fhooting forth in
divers places every year new fhoots , the old dying
away every Tear : from this Root come forth many
flexible Branches full of Joints, rifing higher than

a Alan, if it Jlands by bufhes or other things, where
it may take hold -, otherwfe, through weakmfs, they
lye upon the ground, and fofeem not fo long or tall.
At every one of the Joints fiand two Leaves, one
againfi another, much like to the Common Great
Chickweed Leaves, but larger, and coming fome-
what near to thofe of Pellitory of the Wall, and of
afrefh green color. At the Joints alfo, on both
fides of the Stalks come forth other Branches , joint-
ed and fet with the like fafhioned Leaves in the
fame manner, and at the ends of them large, green,
round Husks, ending in five points , with white
Flowers growing out of them, confifiing of five, and
fometimes of fix white Leaves apiece, cut in at the
ends : in which Husks, after the Flowers are pafi,
fiand fmall round Heads, like Berries, green at the
fitfl, and blackifh when they are ripe, containing with-
in them many flat, blackifh, purple Seed. This Plant
has only an herby tafie, like to the Common Chick-
weeds, and therefore the Learned Botanijls refer it
to them.

VI. The Places. The firft grows alrnoft every
where throughout England , by Highways and Ditch
fides, in moilt and watry places, elpecially if the
Earth is rich. The fecond is found alfo in many of
the like places, as alfo in Gardens, where many
times it is a molt pernicious Weed. The la ft, Chi -
fius fays, grows in leveral places of Spain and Ger-
many •, as alio in Flanders and England, as Pena
and Label fay * Parkinfon fays, that he had fome-
times found it by Hedge fides in our own Land.

VII. The limes. Chickweed is mofily green in
Winter j they Flo veer in Spring and Summer -, and
their Seed is ripe in June and July.

VIII. The Qualities. They are cold and moift in
the lecond Degree : Emollient, Arthritick, Anndvn,
and Alterative : Galen and Oribafius lay, they are
without any Aflringent Quality.

IX. The Specification. Their Juice is peculiar a-
gainft the Inflammation called St. Anthonies fire.

A a 2 X. The

i bo Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. I.

X. J i'r F reparations. You may have therefrom,
i. A Juice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Dijiilled Wa-
ter. 4. An Oil. 5. A Cataplafm. 6. A Compound
Oil.

The Virtues.

XL The Juice. It is very Cooling and Emollient,
without any binding property. Galen and others
fay, that it has the Virtues of Fellitory of the Wall ^
but that I doubt ^ however it is commonly found
to be as effectual as Fur fain to all the purpofes
wheieunto that ferves, except for Meat or Salleting
only. Applied with Cloths or Spunges dipped
therein, to the Region of the Liver, and as they dry,
to have irelh applied, does wonderfully attemperate
the heat of the Liver. The fame alfo is effectual
tor all hot Apoftems and Tumors wherefoever, and
is profitable againft Ignis facer , or Anthonies Fire ,
and the like ^ as alfo for all rednefs of the Face,
Wheals, Pulhes, Itch, Scabs, either fimply ufed, or
made into an Ointment with Lard. It is good for
all heat and rednefs of the Eyes, being dropt into
them * alio put into the Ears warm, it eafes their
pain proceed/ng from a hot caufe. The Piles bath-
ed, or fomented therewith, it abates their pain, and
takes away their heat and fharpnefs, and eafes all
other pains of the Body proceeding from heat and
fharpnefs of Humors. It is good againft hot and
virulent Sores and Ulcers in the Privy Parts, Legs'
or elfewhere, they being often waffled therewith.

XII. The Effence. It cools Inflammations of the
Lungs, without any binding property, and takes
away the heat of the Stomach and Liver, breaking
out into the Lips, caufes Appetite, being loft thro’
too much heat, is prevalent againft HeUick Fevers,
as alio the heat and pain in the Back, and the fharp-
nefs and fcalding of Urine. Dofe from one to two
or three ounces Morning and Night.

XIII. The Dijlilled Water. It has the Virtues of
the Juice, but much lefs effe&ual ; and may be ufed
as a Vehicle to take the Effence in.

XIV. The Oil. Made by boiling the Herb in Oil
Olive, till it is crilp, and repeating it three or four
times with frefii Herbs, it heals fore Legs, Ulcers,
Wheals, Pulhes, Scabs, and the like : and being an-
ointed upon Ihrunk up Sinews, it extends them,
eafes their pains, and makes them pliable again.

XV . The Cataplafm. of Chickweed Jour hand-
fuls: Mar fh-ma! lows , two handfuls ■, mix and boil
them to a Fultife. , with fenugreek Seed , Linfeed ,
ana, two ounces , bruifed. This applied to Tumors,
or Apoftems, ripens and breaks them, aflwages the
Swelling, and eafes the Pain.

XVI. The Compound Oil. Take green Chickweed ,
frejh Red Rofe Leaves , of each two handfuls : Oil of
Trotters , two pounds : boil till they are crifp , and
Jlrain out : repeat this boiling with f ref C/)ickweed ,
and Red Rof e Leaves , twice more : Jlrain out , and
keep it f or ufe. Being anointed warm, and well
rubbed in upon Sinews which are ftrained, it is a
molt excellent thing : Let it be ufed Morning and
Evening, and in a little time the Patient will be
cured.

XVII. The Virtues of the Alfine Baccifera. Some
Authors fay, that it is no lefs fatal to be eaten than
the Jleepy Aightjhade : but others fay, of the Cacu-
b ulum Fhni / otherwile : and that if the Leaves
thereof be beaten with fome Vinegar, and applied to
the place ftung with Scorpions or Serpents, it helps
them : And that the Juice thereof taken, with twice
as much honied Wine, it eafes the pains of the
Back and Loins ^ alfo the Head-ach ( from a hot
caufe ) if it is applied with Rofe Water to the

Forehead and Temples : and that being bound to
Wens or Kernels, or they bathed Often with its Juice
it diffoives them.

CHAP. CXXVIII.

O/CHICKWEED, Water.

I.' | 'HE Names. It is called in Greek, "Arma

J- ‘iniJ'est ■' In 'Latin, Alfine A/quatica : And in
Engl iff, Water Chickweed.

II. T he Kinds. It is fivefold, I. Alfme aquatica
major , The greater Water Chickweed. 2. Alfme
aquatica minor , The leffer Water Chickweed. 3 . Al-
fine aquatica minima , O ferpillifolia Bauhini , The
fmalleft Water Chickweed. 4. ‘Arm* Al-

fine marina , Sea Chickweed : Label calls it, Hip-
pia major ; and Cxfalpinus, Centuncttlus. 5. Alfine
re3a , fore Cetruleo , Upright blew Chickweed.
There is another which fome account a Sea Chick-
weed, viz. Alfme Pa/ttftris minor folio oblongo
which others more properly call, Portulaca marina
Sea Purfiain, and under that Title you will find
it.

III. The Defcriptions. The firfl of theje has a
creeping Root, footing out with divers Fibres very
long, and of the thicknefs of a Wheat Straw not
much unlike to the Roots of Quitch-grafs, ’from
whence rife up divers upright Stalks, flenier, and
jointed from the bottom to the top. Jet with pretty
large Sharp pointed Leaves, /landing by pairs at cer-
tain diftances, fomewhat like thofe of Pellitory of
the Wall. At the tops of the Stalks grow fmall
white Flowers, like to the other Chickweeds, or like
;» Stitchwortjtar leffer, having many fmall and point-
ed Leaves in each Flower after which come fmall
whit iff yellow Seed.

IV. Thefecond of theft has a bunchy fibrous Root
from whence jcvcral weak and tender Stalks rife
up, jointed like the former , and with Leaves at- the
Joints, as in the other , not much unlike in fhape

and

Chap. 1 28. . "Englijh Herbs.

idi

uni bignefs to the LefTer Chickweed, in the former
chapter. The Stalks rife up feme times to he a yard
high, jull of Branches , and final l long Leaves on
them, of a pale green Color. The h lowers are many ,
which at the tops of the Branches are fmall and
white , confiding of jive Leaves apiece •, after which
follows in Husks jinali yellow jh Seed.

Smaller ff[/afer ftfCCcl

Sm alert water Click raced

up many weak and tender creeping Branches Jet
with two narrow Jharp pointed Leaves at each Joint ,
green above , and rf a mhitijh color below ■ at the
felting on of tfiefe Leaves grow fmall Veffels parted
as it were into two , with a little ere ft on each fide
m which Capful* are contained very f Mil Seed. ’

VI. The fourth , or Alfine marina, has a bunchy and
thready Root as fome of the former, which fends forth
for the moft part Branches lying upon the ground , very
like unto the lefferfort of Chickweed in the former
chapter, but that the Stalks are Jhorter , and thicker
and defer Jointed , with Chickweed like Leaves on
them, yet thicker , and whiter : The Blowers alfo
hand at the tops of the Branches, and are compojed
of many f mall Leaves in form of a Star ; which be-
ing paft away, the Seed Veffels follow , which are
long and round like the others , but flat, and fome-
what broad, in which are contained three or four
greater Seeds.

fea chick wcecf.

r‘ /Fif °f f matte ft kind, Serpillifoliis, huts
a Jmall Root, with many 'fibres, from whence Jpring

VII. fie fifth has a Root white and long, with fome
fibres thereat, from whence rife up for the moft part
fevet al upright Stalks or Branches, jointed in Jove-
/ al places, and divers fmall Leaves growing there-
on at the manifold Joints, fome what divided like
unto Leaves of Rue, and a little refembling a Tre-

11 co at ,^etots °f ‘he Joints come forth fmall
blew Blowers, confifttng of four Leaves apiece : which
being paft away, there appears fmall round Chick-
msei like Heads or Husks, with fmallSeed therein'

VIII. The Places. The flr/1 three, and the fifth
are lound to grow in or near Waters, and Warn?
places in moft Parrs of England. The SerpiUifalta
may be found in Watry places, between Qaphm
Heath and loutwg, and between Kentifh-Town and
Hamftcad. And the fourth grows near the Sea
more, and .in Salt Marfhy places, upon federal
Coafts of this Kingdom.

^'cc>e ^Imes' Their Flowering time is in the
neat or Summer, and their Seed ripens in the mean
oealon, and in a little time after.

T7# Qualities, Specification, T reparations and
virtues, are the fame with thole in the former
Chapter, to which we refer you.

CHAP,

1 82 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

CHAP. CXXIX.

and cunjijt of five Jmall blew round pointed Leaves ■,
which being pafi away, round Beads or husks ap-
pear,, in which is contained jmall Chickweed like
Seed.

O/CHICKWEED, Baftard.

I. np H E Names. It is called in Greek , wA**roi
I. poSn : In Latin , A 1 fine notha \ and in Eng-
j'jh, B" jhird Chickweed.

II. The Kinds. There are many kinds hereof,
bur ihefe following are chief, J. Alfne folits fub-
rotundfs Veronits, Speedwell Chickweed. 2. Al-
fne j olio Triljaginis , Germander leav’d Chickweed.
a. Alfne fpuria prior Dodon.-ei, A fine folio hederu-
l& minor. Ivy leav’d Chickweed. 4. Alfne hirfutia
joliis Anri cuke Mur is , Hairy Chickweed, with
Monfe Far Leaves. 5. Afine Vifcofa , Clammy
Chickweed. 6. Alfne Tetraa. , Stone or Rock
Chickweed. 7. Afine fluviatilis , River Chick-
weed.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft of ihefe hots a
fnall and thready Root , which perifhes not in the
Winter -, front whence many Branches fpring up ,
and fpread abroad , full of Jmall and a/mofl round
Leaves , fet in couples or pairs , very like to thoje
of Veronica, or Pauls Betony, called Speedwell, but
not like to Elatine or Fluellin of any kind. The
Flowers grow at the Joints with the Leaves , from
the middle of the Branches upwards , being very
final '/, made of five blew Leaves , after which come
final/ fat Seed Vejfels like Touches , in which is con-
tained fnall round yellowifh Seed.

IV. The fecond has a Jmall long Root , full of many
fibres or threads , which continue all the Winter ,
from zchich come forth fever al jmall weak Branches
jpreading upon the ground, three or four Inches long ,
fet with fnall and fomewhat round Leave sa which
are dented about the edges , and pointed at the ends ,
funding by couples one again ft another : At the
Joints whereof towards the tops, come forth jmall
blew Flowers , and fometimes white, conffing of
five round pointed Leaves ■, after which fucceed
final/ round Seed Vejfels, two always joined together ,
having fnall round Seed within them.

V. The third or Ivy leav’d Chickweed, has a
fnall and thready Root, from whence rife up hairy
tender Stalks or Branches, many of which fpread
the mf elves upon the ground, fet with two Leaves at
a Joint, hairy and Ivy like, but nothing fo large.
Ti e Leaves, fays Gerard, refemble the Back of a
Bee when it flies . The Flowers grow at the tops ,

VI. The fourth, or Hairy leav’d Chickweed, has
a very fmall Root, with a few Fibres at it, from
which fpring up fever al hairy Stalks or Branches ,
which creep upon the- ground -, upon which grow in
pairs, fnall, long, whit iff:, hoary Leaves, of a Moufe
Ear like fafhion : the Flowers grow at the ends of
the Branches, of a blufh color, which give long and
pointed Seed Veffels, in which is contained fnall
Seed, like that of the Common Chickweed.

VII. The fifth, or Clammy Chickweed, has a
fmall fibrous Root , from, whence come forth Branches
which Hand more upright than the la]}, with rough ,
hairy, and clammy Leaves, fomewhat like the Common
Chickweeds, but of a more blewifh green. The
Flowers are fnall and white, and fcarcely openthem-
f elves but in the hot time of the day, J] and mg at the
tops of the Stalks, which from the middle upwards
are fo clammy, that they will flick to ones Fingers, if
touched, whereby they are apt to catch Flies , and other
fmall things which fall upon them .

VIII. The

Chap.

1 3°-

Herb,

s.

VIII. The iixrh, or Scone Chickweed, a /mall ,

and tl) ready Root , which fends forth marry /mail and j
upright Branches , thick Jet •, which fo interfere one '
with another , fte to/wVi? P/j^t ( which is indeed

but a J, 'mall Herb ) feems like unto a [mail Bujh. The
Leaves are J mall and pointed ^ and the Blowers f 'mall
and white , //&? other Small Chickweeds. Which
being paft away , round Heads or Husks come forth,
like time -thtfe of Line w- ins whiclJ fk''Seef

( which is very f mall ) is contained.

IX. The feventh is a Ballard kind of Qiick weed.
growing by River fide 4-, it is a very /mail Riant,
but hew an admirable thick mailed Rodtf like a Haf-
fock ,- made up of a vafi number of fibrous or thready
firings , from whence rife up many fmafl tender
Branches , ftrfUhing or trailing along the Stream ,
upon which grow long Leaves , having a long middle
Rib , upon poftidh grows on each fide thereof a great
number of other j mailer Leaves , like thofe of Lentils,
or the Wild Vetch. The flowers grow at %e tops
of the Stalks , which are fmall and white , after which
comes in husky Heads a fmall Seed.

X. The P laces. Th t fixth grows on Mountains ,
and in Stoney and Rocky places : the feventh grows
in Rivers : the others grow in Fields, as well Till ,/,
as U mill'd , and by Wayftdes , &c.

XI. The Times. They do all Flower in Summer,
fome in the latter end of May h and fome In June
and July •, fome earlier, and lonie later than others *
and their Seed is ripe quickly after •, but th z fourth
or hairy Chic kneed Flowers not till Autumn.

XII. The 'utilities , Specification , Preparations ,
and Virtues , Authors aflent to be the lame 'With
thofe of the Common Cbickweed, to which you are
referred •, and therefore we Ihall fay no more of
them in this place.

chap. exxx.

Of C I N K F O I L.

L

TH E Names. It is called in Greek , lUtyr ia-
xk. : In Latin, Fentapbyllum, and gjuinque-
folium , a mtmero foliorum : In Eng/ifl, Cinkfoil, and
Five-leav’d Grafs.

II. T he Kinds. Authors make at lead fixteen
Kinds, or more ■, many of which grow not in Eng-
land, nor any place belonging to our Territories :
The moil ufual with us are, i. Pentaphyllum Vul-
gatifftnmm , Our mod Common Cinkfoil. 2. Fen
tapbyllum me] ns album Vulgare , The Greater Com-
mon white Cinkfoil. 5. Fentaphyllon magnum Jlore
luteo vel alba. The Great Common Cinkfoil with
a white or yellow Flower. 4. Fentapbyllum rubrum
Fa/ujire, Red Mardi Cinkfoil. y. Fentapbyllum fu-
pinum Fotentilln facie. Low Silver-weed Cinkfoil.
6. Fentapbyllum incanum repens majus Cf minus. The
Greater and Lefs creeping hoary Cinkfoil. 7. Fenta-
pbyllum reBum majus IS minus, She Greater and Lefler
Upright Cinkfoil. The fird of thefe is called general-
ly by all, Fentapbyllum , or Qttinquefolium vulgare ,
and Quinquefolium majus repens Bauhini, Common
Cinkfoil. The fecond, Quinquefolium album, and
Sfiinquefolium album majus alterum Bauhini. The
third is called, Sfiiinquefolium album ntajus caulef-
cens Bauhini.

III. The Defcriptions. The fird has a Root of a
blackijh brown color, very rarely fo large as ones lit-
tle finger, but growing long, with J'everal fibres
Jpnnging from it ; and by which fmall firings it
quickly Jpreads macr the place it grows on : From
this Root rfes up Several weak Stalks , lying on.

l8:>

jpreading and creeping on the Earth , with lone flen-
der Branches, or Strings, like to the Strawberry
F/anr, which take Root again, and float forth many
Leaves. Thefe Leaves are five in number, ( feme-
times feven, though but rarely ) long , finely dented
about the edges, and ending in a pretty (harp point
Somewhat hard, and of a light fl green 'color. The
Stalks are fender, leaning downwards, and bear ma-
ny fmall yellow Flowers , with fome yellow threads
m the middle, funding about a fmooth green Head
which when it is ripe is a little rough , and contains
fmall browmfh Seed.

WXh* Gnffoil.

IV. The

IV. 1 he fecond ha* a Root thick and long , black-
ifh on the out fide, but reddifh to i thin, having many
fibres appertaining to it. From whence Spring forth
Stalks with many Le crocs, a/fo Leaves growing f rom
the Root. The Stalks are fmall, weak, and a little
hoary, and the Leaves Springing from them are five-
fold, or divided into five parts, a little dented and
pointed at the ends, green on the upper fide, and a
kind of hoary white underneath : between thefe
Leaves grow weak Branches, leaning doivn to the
ground near a foot long, with many fuch like Leaves
on them, but lefjer than thofe below. The Flowers are
about the large nefs of the former, but not full out fo
large as the next following, of a white color, con fifing
of five rounder pointed Leaves than the others are,
having a nick in the middle, and feveral fmall yellow
threads in the middle of the Flower, fet with a wool-
ly Head , having many fmall Seeds fet together like
unto a Crowfoot head of Seed. Of this kind there
is another wbofe green Leaves are not dented about
the edges, little differing in any thing elfe.

V. The third has a Root fomewhat thick and long,
of a blackifh brown color without, and reddifh wit h-
in : From this Root Jpring forth many Leaves, alfo
Stalks or Branches , the Leaves fund upon their
own Stalks, and are divided into five parts , as ij
they were five feveral Leaves, dented about the
edges, and almofl fiharp pointed, very like to the fir 11
or Common Cinkfoil, but that thefe are every ways
larger, and a little hairy •, from which rife up frail
or upright Stalks for a while , till they are grown
up to a confiderable length , then they incline, or
lean fomewhat down towards the ground, as both the
former do. Thefe Stalks are a little hairy alfo, and
divided near their tops into two or three Branches,
and they again into others fmaller ■, upon the tops oj
every one of which grows one Flower, of a white co-
lor, and larger than in either of the former, confifl-
ing of five Leaves, as all the other forts do -, in the
middle of which fands a fmall downy head, encom-
pajfed with many reddifh yellow threads. This kind.
Jays Gerard, is J'o common, and fo univer filly known,
that he thought it needlefs to give any Defcription
thereof. Johnfon upon Gerard fays, it has many
long fender Stalks lying Spread upon the ground, out
of which grow Leaves, made of five longifh fnipt
Leaves, fafned to one long Foot folk ■, the Flowers
a IJ'o grow upon the like Footfalks, and are compofed
of five yellow Leaves. The Root is pretty large, oj
a reddifh color, and round, but dryed, it becomes
Square.

VI. The fourth, or Marfh kind , has a Root of a
Woody fub fiance, with feme fibres, or thready f rings
adjoining thereto : From which Root rife up Leaves
almofi like to the former, confifiing of five parts,
notcht about the edges, and funding clofe together
at their lower ends, upon one long Footfalk : the
Stalks are about a foot and half high, and. of a red-
difh color •, The Flowers grow at the tops of the
Stalks, like unto the other Cinkfoils, five that they
are of a dark red color ■, in a word the whole Riant
is very like to the other kinds, efpecially the great
Kind lafi before this deferibed.

VII. The fifth or Silver-weed Cinkfoil, /; as a Root
fmall, long, and blackifh, like the firft Common
Cinkfoil : from which Springs forth long Stalks oj
Leaves, divided into many parts next the ground, fet
on each fide thereof, two at a fpace, one again ft ano-
ther, and an odd one at the end, all of them dented
about the edges, very like unto Wild Tanfey Leaves,
but not hoary, or fiver like, as they are, but only
green. The Flowers come forth at the Joints with
the Leaves, towards the tops of the Stalks, which
Stalks creep not , nor fland upright, but being weak
lean down towards the ground, having very long

Stalks of Leaves on them. The Flowers which grow
on the tops of the Stalks, arc lejfer, and lefs divi-
ded than thofe which grow below : they arc Jingle,

every one by its f elf, fmall, of a pale yellow color, and
witn a head in the middle, which after it is ripe, is
like unto the other Cinkfoil heads of Seed, viz. like
to a fmall, hard, dry Strawberry.

Cinpfoil wit wild tatjie lea vei

Cmkfoilc

VIII. The fixth, or Hoary Kind, is all over hoary,
whence it took the name of Incanum : It has a long
flender Root , and Woody, from whence rife up fe-
ver d

Chap. 130. ‘Ewglijh Herbs. 185

veral woody thick Stalks , fomewhat red , wrinkled
alfo , and of a brown color , which grow of unequal
lengths from the Root , fpr ending them/ elves into ma-
ny Branches , fhadowing the place where it grows.
The Leaves are thick fet , and finipt on the edges , 0/-
moft like Tormentil, and 0/1? thought by fome to be
of equal force with it againjl Royfon , and for which
reafon,fome have thought it to be the Leucas Diof-
coridis. T/;? f lowers Jland alfo upon long Footftalks ,
0/7// confift of five yellow Leaves apiece , having a
yellow thrummy head in the middle like to the other
Cinkfoils .This is twofold , viz. //?<? (Greater and
Leffer , which differ in nothing but in their mag-
nitude.

IX. Tii? feventh, or Upright Kind, //0x 0 thick

black fibrous Root , //w/z which fpring forth Leaves
and Stalks : the Leaves jland upon long hoot folks
//>* «Sf0/<ir are ft rang and upright , 770/ above

half a yard high, fp reading forth fever a l ways into
divers Branches. The Leaves are fomevohat longer ,
larger , greener than any of the former kinds Jland.

upon long Footftalks , and are divided into five parts ,
tfx the others , and dented about the edges -, y<w-
times 7/7/0 /even, but that more rarely , having three
Leaves only at the top. The Flowers grew at the
tops of the Stalks , which are large , 0/7^ 0/ a pale
yellow color , and in fome Riant s of a purplifk color ,
which turn into Seed , wjfdb 0J- /fo other fo/77/.r do :
this is the Greater kind. But there is a Leffer of
this Upright Kind, which has /matter and rounder
Leaves , of a fad green color on the upper fide , and
grey or hoary underneath -, the Stalks are tenderer ,
and lower , /fo Ffotcm- 0/7 /fo /0/w f mailer, and of a
more Gold yellow color , 7/7 which ccnfifts the chief
difference.

X. Tfo Rlaces. The firft grows almoft every
Where throughout England , by Highway fides, Ditch
fides, and other Untilled places. The fecond is
found in fhady and woody places, under Hedges,
and other moift places, and by Highway fides. The
third is to be found growing almoft every where
upon good Ground, by Highways, and in low and
moift Meadows. The fourth grows in Moift and
Marfh Grounds, and in Watry places * it grows in
a Marfh Ground adjoining to the Land called Bourn
Ronds , half a Mile from Co/chejler , from which
place, Gerard fays, he brought fome Plants for his
Garden , in which they flour i filed and profpered
well. The fifth, Gerard fays, grew upon Brick and
Stone Walls about London. The fixth, Gerard
fays, is a rare Plant, and that he found it growing
on the Mountains of the Peak, and dry Gravelly
Valleys. The feventh grows in many places of
Y ranee and Germany, where it bears white Flow-
ers , and in Italy, where the Flowers are pur-
plilh ; but with us it is only nourifh’d up in Gar-
dens.

XI. The Times. They are faid to Flower all
the Summer Months, as May , June and July ^ even
from the beginning of May , and the Seed ripens in
the mean Seafon.

XII. The Qualities. The Cinkfoils are Temperate
in refpeU of heat or coldnefs, but dry in the third
Degree. They are Abfterfive, Neurotick, Arthri-
tick, Alterative, Analeptick, and Alexipharmick.
Although it is fuppofed by Authors, that they have
all one and the fame Virtues, yet it is manifeft,
that fome of them are ftronger, and more efficaci-
ous than others. Thofe which are eftemed the
moft powerful, are the firft, fecond, third, and Jc-
venth, thefe are the chiefeft for ufe, and ftrongeft
in effe£f, of all the reft, and are held to be as effectu-
al, tor all the purpofes whereunto Tormentil is ap-
plied, fo that inltead thereof, and where that is
wanting, Cinkfoil fays Rarkinfon ) may be ufed to
as good purpofe.

XIII. The Specification. It is an efpecial remedy
againft Agues and Fevers, and to ftop all forts of
fluxes, whether of Blood or Humors, in any part
of the Body wherefoever.

XIV. The Preparations. You mav prepare there-
from, 1. A liquid Juice. 2. An E fence. 3. An
Infufion or Decollion. 4. A Rouder of the Root .■
y. A Vinegar. 6. A Cataplafm. 7. A diftilled
Water. 8. A Spirituous Tinffure. 9. An Acid
Tinttitre. 10. An Oily Tincture. n. A half am
or Ointment. 12. A Collyrium.

The Virtues .

XV. The Juice. It is good againft all forts of
Agues and Fevers, whether Continent, Continual or
Contermitting : whether they be burning Fevers
only. Malign, or Peftilential. It cools and atrem-
perates the Blood, and Humors, and is an excellent
thing for a Lotion, Injection, Gargle, and the like,
for lore Mouths, Ulcers, Cankers, Fiftula’s, and other
corrupt, foul, and running Sores. The Juice is given
to four ounces at a time, for fome Days together,
two or three Hours before the coming of the fit of
an Ague, whether Quotidian, Tertian, or Quartan,
it is laid to cure it, but it ought to be drank Morn-
ing and Evening in the intermediate Days alio,
And taken in the fame quantity for the fame time,
viz. for thirty Days together, it cures the Falling
Sicknefs, as alfo the Quinfey,and Yellow Jaundice,
and all Fluxes in Man or Woman, as Whites, Reds,
and Bloody Flux, Diarrhea, Efc. The Juice mixt
with a little Honey, prevails againft Hoarfnefs, as
alfo the Cough of the Lungs.

XVI. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice, but more effe&ual to all the purpofes afore-
Laid , befides which it is very etfeftual to cure
Confumptions of all forts, and to heal Ulcers of
the Lungs : And if the hands be often waffied there-
with, and it is fuffered every time to dry in of it
felf, without wiping, it will in a fhort time help
the Palfie, or fhaking of them.

XV II. The Infufion or Decollion in Red Port Wine ,
They have the Virtues of the liquid Juice and Ef
fence, but not all out fo effeUual : yet however they
are very powerful againft all forts of Fluxes of the
Bowels : But where there is a fharpnefs of Humors,
the Deco&ion is belt made in Milk. The Deco&i-
on outwardly applied, and inwardly drank as a Diet
drink, very much contributes to the Cure of the
Gout and Sciatica j as alfo to confolidate Ruptures
of the Bowels.

XVIII. The Rouder of the Root. Taken to a dram
Morning and Night, it is good againft Fluxes of the
Belly, ipitting and pitting of Blood, Ruptures, and
Agues of all forts , but it ought alfo to be given
over and above on the day the Ague comes three
hours before the Fit, in a Glafs of Red Port, or Red
Florence Wine.

XIX. The Vinegar. The Roots boiled in Vinegar,
and that held in the Mouth, is laid to eafe the
pains of the Teeth : it alfo is good againft all forts of
Nodes, Kernels, hard Swellings, and Ixcrefcences
growing in the Flefh, in any part, being applied
thereunto. It allays all kinds of Inflammations, and
alleviates Anthonies Fire and the Shingles it pre-
vails againft Apoftems, and painful Sores or Ulcers,
attended with pain and putrefaftion, as alfo all 0*
ther kinds of running Sores, Ulcers, Foul Scabs,
Itch, & c. It gives eale in pains of the Joints, and
the Gout, whether in the Hips, Hands or Feet. It is
alfo good againft bruifes, or hurts by blows, falls,
or the like, and to ftop the bleeding of Wounds in
any part inward or outward.

B b XX. The

1 86 Salmon j* 'Herbal Lib. I

XX. The CfoMftm. Made with Vinegar by
boiling, and applio^/it fottens hard Tumors, is
good againlt Contufions, flops the Flux of Flumors
to any part, and gives eafe in the Gout.

XXI. The Diftilled Water. It has fome fmall
matter of the Virtues of the Juice, Effence and De-
coflion but is chiefly ufed as a Vehicle, to convey
other Preparations in.

XXII. The Spirituous TinUure. It is a famous
thing againft all manner of Fluxes of Belly and
Womb, but efpecially thofe of Blood •, it flops fpit-
ting, vomiting and pifling of Blood, and wonderful-
ly flrengthens the Stomach, Bowels and Womb ^
and it timely and prudently given, prevails again!!
a Diabetes, becaufe by its Spirituous Nature, it fo
admirably Arengfhens all the Veflels and Paflages.
Dole two drams Morning and Night.

XXIII. The Acid Tincture. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Vinegar at Solatia, aforgoing, befides
which it is an excellent Stomanck, flops Vomiting,
flrengthens the Stomach, cuts Flegm, caufes a good
Appetite and Digeflion, opens ObilruUions, and
cleanles the Bowels : mixed in equal quantities
with Ttnftura Marti s , and given Daily, Morning,
Noon and Night, in lome convenient Vehicle to one
dram, more or lefs, it perfectly cures the Green-
ficknefs in Virgins, and the Yellow Jaundice in Elder
People.

XXIV. The Oily Tintfure. It prevails againft

Defedations of the Skin, Scurf, Dandrift, Morphew,
and that kind of Difeafe called Leuce , or the

Spotted Leprofie ■, inwardly taken to half a dram,
or one dram in White Wine, it admirably ftreng-
thens the Back, and eafes the pains thereof ^ opens
Obltruftions of the Urinary Parts, and expels
lmall Stones, Gravel, Sand, and other Tartarous
matter.

XXV. The Balfam or Ointment. It digefts con-
tufed Wounds ^ cleanfes old, putrid, running Sores
and Ulcers, drys them, and luddenly heals them.
There are but lew better Vulneraries than this Bal-
lam and Ointment •, and being applied to the Gout,
efpecially the Balfam, it eafes the pain, and fo ef-
fectually draws forth the Morbifick matter, that
for the raoft part the Patient remains perfectly
cured.

XXVI. The Colfyrium. It is made of the Juice
mixed with Honey •, a quarter of a pound of Honey
to a pint of the Juice. Put into the Eyes, it clears
the fight, and flops fluxes of Rheum tailing down
into them : there is nothing better for curing Ul-
cers in that part, the Eye being walhed therewith
three or four times a day. It is alfo an excellent
Lotion to heal a lore and ulcerated Mouth, as alfo
Ulcers in the Throat and Gums, the parts afFeCted
being often Gargled and Walhed therewith : and
if the fore or Ulcer feems to be inveterate, or pu-
trid, the Collyrium will be fo much the more excel-
lent, if to the former quantity two or three ounces
of Common Spirit of Wine be added.

CHAP. CXXXI.

Of CIST US Dwarf.

1. nr HE Names. It is called in Greek,

(xov *) Xa[xuujr@- ’■ In Latin, Helianthemum
and Cham* ci ft us : In Englifh , Dwarf CiJ} us, and
Small Sun-flower.

II. The Kinds. Parkinfon makes Nine Kinds of
this Plant, but a great part of them are Foreigners

to us, and therefore not to be taken notice oft
Thofe which are Natives of our Countrey^&re chief-
ly three: i .Helianthemum Vulgar ei Cbamtecillus
fore luteo, Flos Solis quorundam, 6ur Common
Dwarf Ciftus, or lmall Sun Flower. 2. Hclianthe-
m urn fore albo. White Dw'arf Ciftus. 3. Cham.t-
cifius ferpilli foliis fore Cameo, The Great Dwarf
Ciftus with Wild Time Leaves, and a blulh colored
flower.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft has a hard and
woody Root , of a brownifh color , and growing in time
to be fomewhat great , and very long, and divided into
fmall Branches at the lower end : From this Root
come forth fever al fmall and weak, yet hard and al-
mof woody Branches, lying for the mo ft part round
about the Head of the Root upon the Ground, on
which grow by pairs , many fmall and fomewhat )ong
Leaves, thick, fat, and full of fubfance, a little foft
or hairy, or covered with a foft Down, with other fmall
Leaves alfo growing between them : at the lops
whereof ft and three or four fmall pale yellow, and
fometimes gold yellow colored Flowers, conffing of
five round pointed Leaves apiece, zoith fome yellow
threads in the middle, of a pretty favor or fuel l in
fome places, but lefs or none in others : which be-
ing p aft away, there follow fmall round Heads, in
which arc contained fmall yellow Seed. This Plant
dies not, but continues many years, increafing in its
Branches, which yield a Vifcous or Mucilaginous
Juice, like unto Comfrey, and is of an Auftcre
Aftnngent tafte.

IV. The fecond has a Root like the former, and
differs not much from it, but that it grows up fome-
what higher, the Leaves are a little longer, and not
fo thick fet together , alfo more Woolly and Downey ,
thereby obtaining a whiter color. The Flower has the
fame number oj Leaves, is alfo fomewhat longer, and
white withal ■, being in fome places a little J'weet, in
others little or nothing at all • and its Tafte is
Aftringent like the j or mer.

V. The third has a Root very Fibrous, fpreading
much under Gound : from whence rife up many red-

difl)

Chap. 132. UngHjh Herbs.

difh Brunches like unto Wild Time, with /itch like
fmall Leaves fet upon them very thick , or us it were
in u double roiF, of d dark green color , and a little
hairy or dovoney withal \ but a little longer and whi-
ter next unto the Flowers, which /land three or four
together , every one on a pretty long hairy Footfialk ,
conjifting of Jive fmall yellow Leaves , like unto the
other , and/omewhat fweet.

VI. The Places. They ail grow in divers places
of England , but the firit and lecond more efpecially
in Kent, in almoft all places throughout it, which
in fome places are greater than in others *, but that
with the white Flower is more rare to be met with
than the other. The third is that which Parkinfon
thinks is mold ufual with us in England . Gerard
fays, that thofe of our Englifh growth, he has found
in many places, efpecially upon the Chalky Banks
about Gravefcnd and Southfieet in Kent, and for
the molt part all the way from thence to Canter-
bury and Dover , they delighting to grow in rough,
dry, and Sunny places in open fields, and upon
Mountains.

VII. The Times. They Flower in Summer, viz.
in June , July and Augufl fome earlier, and fome
later: but their Flowers are fo foon fading, that
they leldom endure above a day or two ^ and their
Seed is perfected in l'ome fmall time after.

VIII. The Vitalities. They are temperate in re-
fped of heat or coldnefs, and dry in the fecond De-
gree : Abfterfive, Aftringent, Vulnerary, Neurotick,
Alterative, and Alexipharmick.

IX. The Specification. They are peculiar for
Handling Blood, and Hopping all Fluxes of Blood
in any part of the Body whatfoever, whether Inward
or Outward.

X. The Preparations. You may prepare there-

from, 1. A liquid Juice, 2. An E (fence. 3. ADe-
cottion . 4. A Ponder. 5. ADi filled Water. 6. A

Spirituous TinUure. 7. An Acid Tintlure. 8. A
Syrup. 9. A half am or Ointment. 10. A Cata-
plaj'm.

The Virtues.

XL The liquid Juice. It dries and aflringes, Hops
bleeding, fpitting Blood, piffing Blood, overflow-
ing of the Terms, and all other fluxes of Blood, and
heals Wounds, by Hrengthening the Parts, and con-
joining their Lips together : it prevails alfo againH
all manner of fluxes of the Belly, and confoli dates
Ruptures. Dofe from one ounce to three in a Glafs
of Red Port Wine.

XII. The Ejjence. It has all the Virtues of the
Liquid Juice, befides which it is powerful to Wafli
and Gargle fore Mouths and Throats, and to heal
them •, as alfo to cure Ulcers in the Privy Parts of
Man or Woman, and old running Sores in other
parts of the Body, as in the Legs and Feet, which
have been of a long Handing, and which by reafon
they are depending parts, by a defluxion of moifl
and (harp Humors, are kept long from healing ^ It
is alFo good againH Coughs, Colds, and violent Ca-
tarrhs, or delluxions of Rheum, which induces, by
continuance, a Confumption. It cleanfes, drys, and
heals old Ulcers, and Conglutinates the Lips of
Green Wounds, becaufe it is very powerful in con-
folidating, binding and Hrengthening any part -, and
is as effectual as Comfrey for Ruptures, ltrengthen-
ing weak Joints, or any other Glutinating property,
to which Comfrey is proper.

XIII. The DecoUion in Red Wine. It has all the
Virtues of the Liquid Juice and Eflence, but not al-
together fo effectual -, but drank from four to eight
ounces, it Hops Catarrhs, Coughs, and inward
Bleedings, and heals a Rupture of any of the Velfels.

XIV. The Poudcr of the Leaves, it is wonder-
fully aHringent, drys up moifture in running Ulcers,
cleanfes and heals : it is a peculiar thing againH
fpitting and piffing of Blood, and the Difeafe cal-
led Diabetes. Dole one dram, in fome proper Ve-
hicle.

XV. 1 he D filled Water. It is laid to be a good
Cofmetick, to beautify or make fair the skin of the
Face, Neck, BreaHs, and Hands, or of any other
Parts of the Body.

XVI. The Spirituous TinUure. It has the Vir-
tues of the Juice, Eflence, and DecoUion, befides
which it is good againH the Hinging or biting of
any Venomous Creature, Hopping the farther fpread-
ing of the Poyfon, and in a fhort time curing the
fick. Dofe one of two drams in a Glafs of Cana-
ry, Morning, Noon, and Night.

XV II. The Acid TinUure. It prevails againH the
Malignity and Venom of Serpents, or the bitings
of any other evil BeaR : it is good againH malign
Fevers, and the InfeUion of the Plague, and of any
other malign or inteUious Difeafe : it may be in-
wardly taken, and outwardly applied, in any of the
cales aforefaid, where outward applications are re-
quiiite. It is good againH a Leuce , or Spotted Le-
profie. Scurf, Morphew, and fuch like, if it is mix-
ed with the DiRillcd Water, and then the parts af-
fected to be Walked therewith.

XVIII. The Syrup. It is an incomparable thing
againH Coughs, Colds, Catarrhs, or lharp and Salt
diHillations of Rheum, and fpitting of Blood, alfo
all forts of Fluxes of the Bowels. Dofe two fpoon-
fuls in fome proper Vehicle, Morning, Noon, and
Night.

XJX. The Balfam or Ointment. They are moH
incomparable Vulneraries, fo that few Medicaments
exceed them. They not only fpeedily cure Green
Wounds by conglutination, but alfo digeR Lacerated
Wounds, and cleanfe, incarnate, dry, and heal, old,
foul, hollow, running Ulcers.

XX. The Cataplajm. Being applied, it is good
againH the biting or Hinging of any Venomous Crea-
ture, Haying the farther fpreading of the maligni-
ty. Applied alfo in the Gout, from what cauie fo-
ever, it eales the pain, prevents the-defiuxion, and
quickly cures it.

CHAP. CXXXII.

Of CISTUS Male*

I. *Tp LI E Karnes. It is called in Greek , K/V©*
A d.\tiviy.U : In Latin , Cijlus mas : And in
Englifh , Male Cifhts , Sage Rofe, and Holly Rofe, as
Gerard calls it.

II. The Kinds. It is either Male, of which in this
Chapter : Or, Female , of which in the next. Par-
kinjon makes tour feveral kinds thereof, of which
the firR of them, viz. Cifhts mas, or Male Cjhts ,
is the chief which grows with us.

HI. The Defcription. h has a woody Root , anl
will abide fome years with us , if care be taken to
keep it from the extremity of cur cold Winters ,
which it will fcarcely endure. From this Root grows
up afhrubby Plant , about d yard or mere high , ha-
ving many fender, brittle, woody Branches,- covered
with a whitifh Bark •, on which grow many whitifh
green Leaves, long, and fomething narrow, crum-
pled, or wrinkled, as it were, with Veins , and J'ome-
what hard in handling, efpecially the older Leaves,
for the young ones are ff ter, f omething like u-nto

ib8 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

Our Sage Leaves, for the form and. color , but much
/waller, two always Jet together at a Joint. The
blowers f and at the tops oj the Branches , three or
jour together , upon federal /lender Toot [talks, ccnfifi-
ing of jive /mall round Leaves apiece , J owe what like
unto a /wall Jingle Rofe, or the RoJ'c of the Wild
Bryar, of a fine reddifh purple color , with many yel-
low threads in the middle , without any Smell at all,
and quickly fading or falling away , abiding feldom
one whole day blown at moft : when the blowers are
paf, there come up round hard hairy Heads in
i Heir places, containing within them, /mail brownifh
Seed.

chieiiy nourilhed up in our Gardens,' viz. Cifus fee-
mina, The be male Of: us, fpecially lb called.' 2. Ci-
fus Annuus, The Annual or "Yearly Of us.

III. The Defcriptions. The firfi Female Ciftus,

. bets a woody Root like to the former , front whence
grows a kind 'off rub, lower and /mailer than it, ha-
ving blackif Branches, le/s woody, and not fo brit-
tle as the Male. The Leaves are /omewhat rounder
and greener, but a little hard and rough withal,
growing in the Jamc manner upon the Branches, as
the other, by Couples. The blowers grow at the tops
of the Branches like to the Male kind, con/ifing of
five Leaves, but fowewhat lejfer, and wholly vohite,
with yellow threads in the middle, as foon fading,
and of as little Scent as the other , but the Heads
and Seed are f omewhat larger.

IV. The fecond , or Annual Ciftus, has a /mail
woody Root, which perifhes as foon as its Seed time
is paf ', for the Riant endures but a Tear, and there-
fore requires you to Sow it every Tear, if you will
have it : from this Root rife up fir ait ~, but fender
hard Stalks, fet here and there confu/edly with long
and narrow greenif Leaves, very like unto the
Leaves of the Gum-Ciftus, being d little clammy
withal. At the tops of the Stalks, and at the Joints
with the Leaves, fund two or three pale yellow
blowers, con/if ing of jive Leaves apiece, with a
reddifi /pot, near the bottom of every leaf of the
blowers, which as foon fades ‘as any of the former.
The blowers being paf, J. mall tbree-fquarc Heads
follow after, ivhich contain within them /mall Seed
like to the bcmale kind, but /omewhat paler or yel-
lower.

V. The Places. The firft grows naturally in hot
Countries, as Spain, Portugal, Italy, Languedock -,
The fecond in Colder Countreys, as Germany, Bohe-
mia, brief and *, and with us they are both brought
up in Gardens.

VI. The Times. They Flower in the. Summer
Months, as June, July and Auguf, and their Seed
ripens in the mean Seafon.

VII. The Vitalities, Specification , Preparations,
and Virtues, are the lame with the Dwarf Cifus ,
fo that no more need be laid of them here.

CHAP. CXXXIV.

IV. The Places. It naturally grows in Italy , Spain,
Portugal, and Trance, and other hot and Southern
Countries: but with us it is only nourilhed up in

Gardens.

V. The Times. In its Native places, it Flowers
generally in May : but with us about the latter end
of June, alfo in July and Auguf -, and the Seed is
ripe quickly after.

VI. As ro its Vitalities, Specification, Preparations
and Virtues, they are the fame in all refpetl with
thole of the Dwarf Cifus, to which I refer you.

CHAP. CXXXIII.
Of C I S T U S Female.

O/CIVES, or CHIVES.

I. ’ | ' H E Names. They are called in Greek,
JL : In Latin , Schcenopra/um, as

though you Ihould fay, Junceum Porrum, Rufh
Leek : In Englifh, Cives or Chives, which are a
kind of Small GraJ's Leeks.

II. The Kinds. They are either Schcenopra/um
fativum, Garden Chives : or Schcenoprafum agreflis ,
Field or Wild Chives.

III. The Delcriptions. Chives have many little
headed Roots or Bulbs fafned together, out of which
grow dozen into the Earth, a great number of white
little threads, or firings , which have both the Smell
and Tafle of Onions and Leeks, jointly, fo as if
they were participating of both. Prom the/e Roots
Spring up about a handful high , long, fender, round,
green Spires, almofi like to Rufhes, amongfl which
grow up /mail ana tender Stalks, which fend forth
certain knops, or heads, likethcfe of the Onion, but
much le/s, in which are contained the Seed.

IV. The fecond, or Wild Kind, has a /mail, and
/omewhat Bulbous Root, but nothing near Jo many
joined together, f rom which Spring downwards a

great

*

Chap. 135. EngUfh ‘Herbs.

[89

great many white threads or firings. And from the
fame upwards fpring forth a great number of [ mall
blades , almofi as high again as the former , harder
and of a darker green , and fometimes not abfolutely
round : otherwife ( excepting their thick growing
together ) they are much alike , and differ but a very
little in their Tafie and Smell.

XI. The Efience. Ir has all die Virtues of die
Juice,, but is indeed more powerful ; fie conifai.t
ufe of this Preparation, or the Juice, admirably en-
creafes Seed, and excites Venery. And this, or the
former Juice, being fluffed up the Noftrils, it pur-
ges the Head and Brain, of cold, moilf, and fieg-
matick Humors, and prevails againlt the Lethargy,
and other Difeafes of the Head and Brain, proceed-
ing from cold and moilf ure. Dole from one to two
ounces in any proper Vehicle.

XII. The Decotfion in White Port Wine. It has
the Virtues of the Juice and EfTence, but not full
out fo powerful, and may be given againlt the
Stone and Strangury, from four ounces to eight, once
or twice a Day, as alfo in the Paroxyfm.

XIII. The Difiilled Water. Being drank to fix
ounces, or more, either alone, or mixt with White
Port Wine, it provokes Urine, and is laid by Lome
to break the Scone, and drive it forth.

XIV. The Cataplafm. Made by beating the whole
Plant with Mithridate, and Pulp of Figs, and ap-
plied, is good to ripen and break a Plague Sore, or
any other Apoftem. It is profitably applied to
Scaldings or Burnings by Water or Fire, or Gun-
powder : As alfo to the Piles when extreamly in-
flamed and fwelled.

XV. The Seed. Made into Poudcr, and given a
dram. at a time, it encreafes Seed, and Ifirs up Luff
both in Man and Woman : and given to Children
which have Worms, it kills and expels them : It is
alfo good againlt the bi tings of Venomous Beafts.

CHAP. CXXXV.

Of CLAVER-GR AS S.

V. The Places. The firft are nourifhed up, and
grow only in Gardens : the other grows Wild in
the Yields, and by way, fides • in uncultivated places
in feveral Parts of this Kingdom. I have found
them by the fides of the Highway, and in the Field
going from Canbury-Uoufe near Iflington , towards
the Boarded River , and that in feveral places as I
walked along.

VI. The Times. They flourifh long, and conti-
nue many Years, and well endure the cold of
Winter.

VII. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the
third Degree •, Aperitive, Ablterfive, Digeftive, Dif-
cufllve, Diuretick, and Suppurative ; Stomatick,
PeUoral, and Nephritick ^ Alterative, Emmenago-
gick, Lithontriptick, Alexipharmick, and Sperma-
togenetick.

VIII. The Specification. They are peculiar againlt
Difeafes of the Reins and Bladder.

IX. The Preparations. You may prepare from
them, 1. A liquid Juice. 2. An Effence. 3. A
Decottion. 4. A Difiilled Water. 5. A Cataplafm.
6. The Seed.

The Virtues. ,

X. The liquid Juice. It provokes Appetite, cau-
fes thirft, heats, warms, and ftrengthens the Sto-
mach, opens ObftruUions, yet is lomething flatu-
lent ^ it loofens the Belly, provokes Urine, and the
Courfes, and is good againlt the bitings of Mad
Dogs, Serpents, and other Venomous Creatures.
Dole, one ounce or more in White Wine it eafes
the Strangury, and is good againlt all Obltruftions
of the Reins, Ureters, and Bladder, expelling Stones,
Sand and Gravel.

T H E Names. It is called of Diofcordes , as
. 1C is thought, in Greek , M ijijui : from its be-
ing brought from the Modes into Greece and fo
the Medicum malum , or Pomebitron , was fo called
being brought firlt from Media : In Latin , Medic a 1
and in EngUfh , Claver-grafs. The Arabians call it*
Cot, Alafaleti , and Alfosfofa : and this is that very
Plant which the French call Saint Foin , which out
Moderns have found fo mightily to improve
Land.

IL The Kinds. This Claver-grafs it felf is a
Species of the Trefoils, but being better known un-
der this name, we thought good to treat of it here.
Claver-gafs is manifold, 1. ADdica legitima, Fccnum
Burgundiacum, Trifolium Cochleatum , Claver, Cla-
ver-grafs, Medick Fodder, Snail Claver, Snail Tre-
foil, and Saint Foin. 2. Medica Racemofa, Trijo-
lium Cochleatum Pclycarpon, Clultering Snail Cla-
ver. 3. MedicaFrutefcens, Aledica fore luteo , Tri-
folium Sylvefire luteum Siliqua Comma, Lens ma-
jor repens Tabernmontani , Woody Snail Claver ;
4. Medica Marina, Trifolium Cochleatum Marinum ,
Sea Claver. 5. Medica Cor data. Trifolium Cot da-
tum, Heart Claver, or Trefoil. 6. Medica Lunate,
Trifolium Lunatum , Moon Claver. Parktnfon has
four other kinds, but thefe are the chief whiqfi
grow in England.

III. The Defcriptions. The firff of thefe has a
Root which runs deep down into the Earth, fomc-
times two feet or more -? it ir thick , and fends forth
many tough thready firings, and continues long, fome-
times ten, twenty or thirty Tears. From this Root rife
up feveral weak, green Stalks, with divers fine.' I
fed green Trefoil Leaves, fet thereon without order.
The Flowers grow upon long Stalks , coming from the

Joints

190

Salmons Herbal.

Lib. L

Joints and. 'fops of the branches , clujhnng in 0. I
thick jhort Tuft , of a blemfh purple in thoje which
grow in our parts, but in others of divers and Je-
vend colors , as more purple , near a violet , 0/’

/>/«*?, w 0/ </ broxxmifh blew, and yellow colors , part-
ed : In Jome parts of Spain, and at Narbon /’»
France, they are of a yellow color alfo. T he Flow-
ers being paJ1r Jmall, Snail-like , round Cods follow ,
Jet together , not fo much twined etr many other Me-
dical <//•(’, containing within them Jmall pale colored
Seed.

Clavcr'Cjrafs, or Snail Trefoil
of Lobel.

IV. Obfervations, T. The Author of tlte Country
Winn gives a mighty commendation of this Plant;
and laVs, That there is not any Pulle, or other Food
which is more agreeable, and good for the Feeding
ot Bcafts, than this Clavcr-grajs or Snail-Claver,
called by the Wrench , Saint Woin , not only for the"
' nourilhing and fattening of Cattle, but alfo to
cure lie.ilts which are fick. It is called Burgundy-
Hay, becaufe the Burgundians have always been
very careful in Sowing this Herb, and managing
Sundv and Barren Land therewith, ibr that it makes
the Word and Pooled Land very Rich and Fruit-
iul. The benefit ofthis Herb is lb great, that eve-
ry^ good Husbandman ought to relerve a good part
of his Ground to be fown therewith.

\ . Oifervat. 2. I’n Sowing of this Saint Woin
Seed, tliouglr it grows well in fat Grounds freed
from Wefds, yet it grows alfo very well in Poor,
Lean, Sandy and Barren Grounds, especially fuch as
ate ealie to be Plowed, and fuch as have been thrice
Sown with Grain, before this is put into it, that
it may the eafier take deep rooting in the Earth,
which it naturally does : but in lowing of this
Seed, you mult not be lparing of it, for by how
much the more Seed you Sow, bv fo much the
more will the Herb grow in thicknefs ; nor will
there grow any other Grafs or Herbs there, by
which the profit will be fo much the greater.

VI. Obferv. 3. As foon as it is Sown, ir mud be
Harrowed leveral ways, as long ways, broad ways,
and corner ways ; and if it is a dry Seafon, and a
dry Ground, ir ought to be gently watered, but not
in thole Months between the latter end of Septem-

ber and beginning 'of April , left any hard Froft
iliould come, which might nip it, and lo kill it.
Authors alfo fay, it ought to be Mowed, or- Cut
down, five or fix times the firlt Year, others fay
three or four times, but your Experience mull guide
you in this; and in after Years two or three times
a Year, by which great advantages are made of it ;
and that Land which has not .been worth twelve
Pence an Acre per Annum , by the Improvements of
Saint Woin , have in a few Years been made worth
forty Shillings, and three Pounds an Acre, and fome-
times more, which is much for the Encouragement
of the Husbandman, to proceed in this kind of Hus-
bandry.

VII. Obferv. 4. The fir times for Cutting ir
down, are ill May, June , July, and Augufi , in the
New of the Moon, but you muft not let "it lye up-
on heaps any longer than a Day in the Meadows,
for if it Ihould lye any long time, it would endan-
ger the killing the Roots which are under it, and
utterly.deftroy ir, for which reafon it is neceflary
to dry it forthwith, and as foon as may be, itirring
and turning it every day from day to day, and then
as foon as ever it is dry to carry it away.

VIII. obfer. 5. This is alfo to be taken fpecial
notice ot, That none of your Cartel ought to feed
on the Grounds on which it is fown, becaufe it is
apt to be killed by them, by bruifing it with their
Teeth in biting it off, whereas cutting it with a
Sythe hurts it not : nor muft Cattel be fuffered to
eat it green, becaule it is apt to make them Sick,
by realon ot its heat and moilture ; tor which rea-
ion it is always cut down, dried, and made into
Hay ; and then it is to be given to your Bealls, but
in Small quantity, becaule it breeds much Blood,
Flelh and Fat, even to fuch a Degree, as with Fat-
nels to choak them.

IX. Obferv. 6. You muft always be careful to
gather and referve Seed of this Grafs, to Sow again,
when you fee you lhall have occafion for it : it
mult not be gathered the firft Year it bears, by rea-
lon of its weaknefs andpoornels,but in all the follow-
ing Years, fo loon as the Husks in which the Seed
is contained lhall appear dry, and theSeed or Grains
themlelves are turned yellow, which will be in the
Months of June and July, you may then fave it.

X. Obferv. 7. That this Grafs being fowed in
barren Land is very profitable there is no doubt ;
and it it is confidered that the firft charge is the
principal charge, even for a long time, it is fo much
the more valuable : for Land being once Sowed
with this, it not only enriches the ground for the
prelent, but lor many years after ; for this firft
lowing will be fufficienc for ten or twelve Years,
let the ground be what it will ; and as the Soil may
be, it may laft twenty or thirty Years, or more,
according as it is carefully lookr after, and well ma-
naged, which is a matter of fo gregt weight, as
ought to put every prudent Husbandman into the
thoughts and confideration of it.

Xi. The Second K ind has a Root long and run-
ning pretty deep, into the grouni,which endures long,
Jrom whence it has Branches lying upon the Earth
a joot in length or more, fet with Jmall round Trefoil
Leaves "on pretty large Wootfialks : the Homers of a
purple color it fends forth at the Joints, on long
Loot ft elks, Jmall and many c/ujlerixg together , ajter
■which come forth fomewhat rough, fmall, wrinkled
Snail-like Shells or Husks, in which are contained
the Seed.

XII. The third, or Woody Snail Claver has a
long Root, conjifting of many long firings, and con-
tinues many Wears, Jbooting forth new Stalks evert
Wear , which are many, hard, round, flexible, and fo
weak as not to be able to fioni upright, but lying on

Chap. 1 3 y • ‘Englijh Herbs.

the Ground , about a foot or more in length , and di-
vided into many Branches, on which grow fmall, long ,
and narrow Leaves , by three's on a long Foot Ji a Ik,
■with a thick middle Rib , on the back of each : the
Flowers are Jinall , and many together , of a yellow
color , and fomewhat Jweet which being pafjed away ,
fever al Jinall, flat, twined Gods follow, like to thofe
of the Jirft kind, but Jmaller, which contain within
them f mailer Seed likewife, flaltifh, and almoft of a
Kidney fafhion.

Xlil. The fourth, or Sea Claver, ha* a Root fome-
what thick, and enduring many Tears, from zchence
rife up fever al hoary trailing Branchesfpreading them -
J elves on the ground a foot or two long, with many
Jinall and very hoary round Trefoil Leaves , on fhort
Footflalks. 1 he Flowers are many, fmall, and yel-
low, growing at the end of the Branches •, which be-
ing pajt away, many fmall withered Shells or Husks
do follow , much like to the other fmall Snail Clavers.
There is a /Jo another kind of Sea Claver, whofe
Root penfl es Tearly, but it grows bigger and
greener than the other, and the Flowers are fmall
and yellow, coming Jrom the Joints of the Branches,
but one at a place, which are f ollowed by fmall hard
and round prickly Heads, and whofe windings are
di If cult to be dijcerned.

XIV. The tilth, or Heart Claver, ha* a thick and
thready Root, which penjhes every Tear •, from whence
Jpnng Jorth fever al very flender, fmall, and weak
Branches, full of Joints , and round greenifh Trefoil
Leaves, funding upon long footflalks , broad at the
ends, and dented in, in their middle, making the fa-
fl;ion of a Heart, with dull, red, or purp/ifh, and
Jome times almoft blackifh fpots on them. The ^Flow-
ers grow two or three together upon Footflalks co *
ming from the Joints • they are fmall and yellow
which being p aft away, leave behind them fmall prick-
ly twining Heads, like unto the other Jmall Claver-
grafles.

XV . The fixth, or Moon Claver, ha* its Roots ,
S talks. Leaves, and manner of growing , much like
to the other Snail Trefoils, or Clavers, before deferi-
bed, ejpecial/y like to the firfl .* the Leaves are J

hairy, and dented about the edges : the flowers are
fmall and yellow, which being puffed away, crooked ,
flat Cods, of an indifferent breadth, after the Shape
or f afhion of a Moon three quitters old, follow : in
which are contained Seed in (hape or form o f fmall
little Kidneys.

XVI. The Places. The firlt grows naturally in
Laly, Spain , Portugal, and France, from whence it
was brought into Flanders and England, in both
which places it flourilhes admirably, and ferves
them and us for Hay tor our Cattel, and Horfes :
in Spain they have no other Hay with which they
ieed their Horfes, which makes them exceeding Fat :
the fame they do in the Low Countries, whereby
their Cows yield the greater abundance of Milk.
It is Town in the Fields of Italy, Spain, France, the
Low Countries and England, for Food for their
Beafts. The fecond grows oftentimes in Fields,
Meadows, and Pajiures. The third grows in Mea-
dows, by Hedge and Wood /ties, and places ibme-
what (haded. The fourth grows neat to the Sea in
leveral places, as in our Marfhes and Yields at Wool-

Deptford, &c. and by the Sea fide about
/( ejt Cbe/ler, as alio on the Medttcranean Sea lhore,
and about Venice. The fifth is often found in our
Yields and Meadows ; and though Camerarim calls it
Medica Arabica ( I luppofe becaufe it grows in that
Country :) yet, with JohnJon,vie fay, it grows Wild
with us in our Meadows in England , having feen it,
1 believe, an hundred times. The fixth grows alfo’
plentifully in our Ye/ds and Pafiure grounds.

XVII. T be Times. The firft of thefe, ( the ground
being firft made fit for its entertainment, by well
Ploughing it up, and killing the Weeds thereof)
is to be fowu in the end of April, or fomething
earlier, in the New of the Moon, and towards the
latter end of the Day, that it may receive the re-
frefhing Dews of the Night, by which means it
will the fooner, and more eafily fpring out of the
Earth, and you may Mow it in June , and July , hnd
Augujl , for Hay, and after the firft Year iomewhac
earlier. The firft, and all the reft flower in June
and July , and their Seeds are ripe iii the end of
Attgufi, or foon after. But the Seed of the firft is
not to be gathered in the firft Year, by reafon of
its weaknefs, as is before oblerved, but in all the
following it may be gathered in July , or as loon as
it appears ripe.

XVIII. As to the Qualities, Specification, Prepa -
rations , and Virtues, of the firlf, or the other fire,
Authors have oblerved nothing concerning them,
but that they ( efpedally the firft ) ate a good nou-
rifliing food for Horl'es, Cows, and other Cattel,
and that the firlt is lo powerful to fatten them, that
they ufually ftint them to a quantity, for feat of
fuftocating them, by leafon of their growing too
fat.

XIX. Ohfervation \. From this it appears, that
it is of a nourifhing Virtue, and- by reafon it encrea-
fes Flelh and Fat, I am of the Opinion, that rite
Liquid Juice or t.jfence, or Syrup thereof; may be
very powerful in reftoring fuch as are in Consump-
tions : it is indeed good againit Coughs, ( .olds,
Wheeftngs, vehement Catarrhs, Obftru&ions ot the
Lungs, and other Diftempers of thofe parts.

XX. Ohferv.i. The Signature of the Plant, chid,
ly of the Cods and Seed, the latter being fomewhat
like a Kidney, made me believe it might be good
againft the Stone , Gravel, and Sand, or Turta/ous
Mutter in the Rems, Vrelers, and Bladder, which
occafions Stranguries, at. I made tryal ot the Juice,
EJJence, ldecoltion in White Wine , and the Syrup,
and in the firlt Patient I gave it to, I found it ex-
cellently to anfwer my Expetfation : I have fince
made tryal of it upon leveral other Patients with

very

i <2 2 Salmon V Herbal. Lib.L

very good l’uccefs •, yet I cannot fay, but in fome
cafes it has not anfwered the end. The Dccotiion of
the Seed in White Port Wine , has the fame Virtue,
but I believe not full out fo powerful as the Juice
and Effence of the Plant •, but the Voider of the
Seed given to one dram is more effectual : So alfo
the Fixed Salt of the whole Plant made by Incine-
lation.

XXI. Ohferv. 3. Diof cor ides fays the Green Herb
has a cooling property, and for that purpofe it is
chiefly ufed. Avicen commends the Oil made of it
againft the Trembling of the Heart. Gefner fays
that a Liquor may be drawn out of it by fire ( Par-
kinfon fappoles he means an Oil to be drawn out
of the Seed, as out of Sweet Almonds ) good a-
gainft the Stone. From this I obferve, and am apt
to believe, that if an Oily Tinffure , or a Saline Tin-
tlure, be made of the whole Plant, they may be
very effectual for that purpofe, being duly taken in
a proper Vehicle.

CHAP. CXXXVI.

Of CLEVERS, or GOOSE-GRASS.

L '~T_' H E Karnes. It is called in Greeks ’A main,
JL as the moft ufual Name, but it has alfo fe-
veral others, $ikWiov, <pii.ATiet»v, as Galen out oh Hip-
pocrates faith ^ and. c^ao^t©-, as Diofcorides
faith ( becaufe the Seed is Navel fafhion : ) it is
alfo called, eAaV0?«7r©-, quafi hominis amans , and
ifalhM©-, for the fame reafon. In Latin , Aparine ,
Lappa minor Plinij , Afperugo : In Englifh , Clevers,
and Gocfe-grafs

II. The Kinds. They are chiefly twofold, viz.

1. Aparine Vulgaris , The common or rough Clevers.

2. Aperine Lxvis, Smooth Clevers , not mentioned
by any Author but Thalius. , and from him by Par-
kinfon.

III. The Defcriptions. The Common Rough Cle-
ver has a fmall and very fibrous Root , fpreading much
in the Earthy but dying every Tear from whence rife
up divers very rough fquare Stalks not bigger than
the lower part of a naked Wheat Straw , creeping up
fo at to be fometimes two or three yards high , if it
has any tall Bufhes or Trees near it , or any Hedge
on which it may Climb , but yet without any Clafpers ■,
other wife they are much lower , or lye upon the
ground , being full of Joints -, from every one of
which f toots forth a Branch befides the Leaves , which
are commonly fix in number , fet round the Stalk al-
mofi like a Star , or the Rowel of a Spur. From be-
tween the Leaves at the Joint s, towards the tops of
the Branches come forth very fmall white flowers,
every one upon a fmall thready Footfialk , which af-
ter they are fallen , two fmall round rough brown
colored Seeds ( but at firji green ) joined together
like a pair of Tefiicles , do appear. When they are
ripe, they grow hard , and of a whitifh brown color , ,
having a little hole or hollownefs on the fide ( fome •
what like unto a Navel ) on which the Stalk grows
to them. Tl)e Stalks , Leaves and Seeds are fo very
rough , that they will cleave almofi to any thing which
fhall touch them , and feem to be a little clammy
withal.

IV. The Smooth Kind has a Root like the fore-
going, and grows much like unto it , but it neither
grows Jo high , nor are the Leaves fo great , and not
at all rough or flicking to what it touches , as the
former is. The Leaves are the finite in number, and
Jland in the fame order , and at the Joints alfo : the
Flowers are fmall and white , con fifing of four very
little Leaves , like the other , and give fuch like Seed
growing together in Pairs , but fmooth alfo , and not ■
rough as the firfl is. There is another fort of this
Smooth Kind, but it little differs from it, except-
ing in the Seed, which is fatd to be rough, much
like unto a Coriander Comfit.

V. The Places. The firlf Kind grows by Hedge
fidcs and Ditch banks in moft places of England,
and almoft every where in Gardens, it being there
nothing but a Weed, and is rooted out with much
labor and diligence, for that it will run upon every
thing it grows next, and be apt to choak and kilt
it, it not Weeded up. The fecond is a Native of
Spain, but grows in England in the Gardens of the
Curious, where it is apt to be as troublefome as
the other is, if it is fufteried to Sow its Seed.

VI. The Times. They Flower in the end of May,
and in June and July ■, and the Seed is ripe, and
tails by the end of July, or in Augufl , from which
it fprings afrefh the next Year, and not from the
old Roots.

VII. The Vitalities. It is hot and dry in the be-
ginning of the firfl Degree, according to Galen's
Judgment •, and are Aperitive, Abfterfive, and A-
ltringent, Traumatick, or Vulnerary, Alterative and
Alexipharmick.

VIII. The Specification. It is peculiar for flop-
ping Fluxes, and healing Green Wounds.

IX. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
1. The Green Herb. 2. A liquid Juice. 3. An
Effence. 4. A DecoUion. 5. A Pouder. 6. An
Ointment. 7. A Balfam. 8. A Cataplafm . 9. -d
Dif tiled Water. 10. The Oily TinUure.

The Virtues.

X. The Green Herb. Parkinfon fays, that it
ferves the Country People well, inftead of a ltrain-
.er, to deanle and clear their Milk from Straws,
Hairs, or other grofs things which fall into it.

XI. The Liquid Juice. Made of the Herb and
I Seed together, being taken in Wine, is good againft

the

Chap.

137-

‘EngUJh Herbs .

1

93

tile bitings of Vipers, or the great Spider Fbalanghm. ,
by preferving the Heart torn their Poyfon,as TioJ'co-
rides and FTtny from liim lay. Galen lavs, that it
cleanfes moderately, and drys, and is of fubtil parts.
It is generally taken in Broth to make iuch Lank
and Lean, as are apt to grow Fat. It is alio good
to heal Wounds, and Itanch Blood, being applied :
and Matthiolus lays, it is commended to congluti-
nate, or clofe the Lips of Green Wounds : dropt
into the Ears, it eafes their pain, though vehe-
ment.

XII. T he EJJence. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice, but more powerful ; befides which, it is very
efl'eflual to ftrengthen the Bowels, and flop all fort
of fluxes of the Belly whatfoever : and being taken
thrice a day, it helps the yellow Jaundice.

XIII. The Decoffion in Wine. It is Stomatick,
caufes Leannefs, flops Bleeding, and being drank
twice or thirce a day promotes the healing of
Wounds, old running Sores and Ulcers.

XIV. The Fonder. It is an excellent Vulnerary,
and conglurinates the Lips of Green Wounds, being
flrewed thereon : it alfo cleanfes old running Sores
and Ulcers, dries up their moifture, and induces
their healing. Taken inwardly to a dram in Red
Port Wine, Morning and Evening, it flops fpitting,
vomiting, and piffing of Blood, and cures the Bloody
Flux, as alfo other Fluxes of the Bowels ; and be-
ing applied, the bleeding of Wounds.

XV. The Ointment. Being made with Auxungia ,
T. e. Hogs-Lard, or other proper fat body, and an-
ointed upon the part affefted, it helps all forts of
hard Swellings, or Kernels ( proceeding from the
King's-Evil ) in the Neck, Throat, or other Parts.

XVI. The Balfam. It is a lingular Vulnerary, and
cures Green Wounds ( not Contufed, Lacerated, or
otherwife compofed ) at one, two, or three Dref-
fings. It digelfs Apoftems, as alfo complicated
Wounds, then cleanfes them, incarnates, dries, and
fuddenly heals them. It is indeed a very lingular
Vulnerary, or Wound Balfam.

XVII. The Cafaplajm. Being applied to any
wound or place which bleeds, it prefently flops the
Blood ; and in a Ample Green Wound cures it at
the firlt intention. It is bell to be made of the
Green Herb, by beating, and made thick by the Pou-
der of the fame.

XVIII. The Dijlil/rd Water. It has in a weak
manner the Virtues of the Juice, EfTence, and Deco-
tfion ; and may be ufed as a Vehicle for the two
nrft, or the Pouder.

XIX. The Oily TinOure. It is an excellent thing
to be applied to Wounds of the Nerves and Joints °
and taken inwardly, prevails againft the Jaundice’
and gives prefent relief in the Colick. Dofe thirty
or forty drops in a Glafs of White Port Wir.e.

is, I . ’Opulviy Horminum Commune. Common
Clary. 2. HcYminnm jiuivam verum Ihiy'coridis ,
The. true Garden Clary of Diofcorides. 1. Colas
Jevis, LobcH , C/«/5), Cameron) , Tngduncnfis , Eyfie-
tenfis , Gerarii ; Orirnla Tenia Dodonei 4 jWdiim
Cefalpim, Galeopfs, Lutea Dalechampij. , Uurmimui
Tut earn Glut: nojam Bnithini , Horminum Tndenti-
num , Horminum luteum aliorum Camphor at a O'

Sphacelus a/iis , Yellow Wild Clary, or Jupiter's
Diftaft. 4* Horminum humile Germanicum , Galli-
triciini alt e rum Gerarii , The Smaller fort of Clary,'
or German Clary.

en

CHAP. CXXXVII.

Of CLARY, Garden.

T

H E Names. It is called in Greek , 'osj),w
C T« OfAOtV, ab Impetu quod ad Venerem JU-
itoulat , as Diofcorides fays : In Latin , Horminum,
Sc l are a , and Scar lea, Orminum Cordi, Gal/itncum
Tragi, and fo of Lugdunenfis and Gerard : In Ene-
hjh. Clary, quaft Cleer-Eye.

II. The Kinds. It is, I . eO^!i>su « ua.&v, Horminum
Horrenfe,' Garden Clary ^ of which in this Chap-
2* SfHop, Horminum Sylveftre , Wild

Clary, of which in the next. 'T"

III- The Defcriptions. The fir II, Common Clary

bus a Root which Is blackijh and Jpreads not far, but
perijhes after Seed time •, from whence proceeds a
Stalk a joot and half high, or more, which as it grows
up branches it f elf into others •, thefe Stalks are
four fquarc, thick and rough, fending forth broads,
rough, wrinkled, whitifh, or Hoary green Leaves ,
fomewhat evenly cut in on the edges, and of a
Jlrong fweet Scent, fome of them growing near the
ground, and fome by Couples upon the Stalks. The
blowers grow at certain di fiances, at the Joints,
( with twofmall Leaves under them ) fomewhat like
unto Sage Flowers, but f mailer, and of a very whi *
tifh pale blew color . The Seed is blackijh, or fome-
what flat, and not fo round an the Wild, and is con-
tained in long toothed Husks, which ferve infiead of
Cods. J

IV. The fecond, or True Garden Clary of Diof-
corides, ha* a Root which is (mall, and penfhing
every Tear, from whence it rifes up but with one
fquarc hauy Stalk , about afoot and half high, more
or lefs, as the ground is in goodnefs : This Stalk
fpreads it f elf into fever al f qua re Branches, on which
a/e jet at every Joint two Leaves, one againfl ano-
ther, which are Jomething broad and round, a little
rugged like unto Horehound, but more green than
white, and of a reaf enable good Smell : at the tops of
the Stalks fi and divers Leaves, one row under another ,
of a very fine, deep, purple violet color , the lower4
being paler than the uppermofi, and Jeem ajar of
V- 1 ' to be Flowers, but approaching nearer to them, are

Ine Garden Clary, I found only to be Leaves , the blowers coming forth
* C c under4

94

Salmon V Herbal. Lib. I.

under them at Jet Spaces about the Stalks , of a whi-
tifh purple color, f mailer than the Flowers of any
other J or t of Clary, and funding in brownifh purple
Husks , which after the Jaid Flowers are paf , whilfl
the Seed ripens ( which is then black ) turn them-
f elves downwards , by reafon zvhereof if it is not
gathered in due time , it is /of. Gerard fays the
Leaves are fomewhat rounds and lay'd over with a
hoary Cottony fub [lance, not much unlike Horehound :
the Stalks are fquare, f nail and hairy -, and the Flow-
ers coming forth between thofe beautiful purple
Leaves , towards the tops , are fnall , of a blewifh or
watched color , in fafhion like to Rofemary-flowers.

V. The third, or Colus Jovis, has a knobby Root ,
which is compofed of many long f rings, by which it
takes flrong hold in the Earth , and abides many
Tears : from whence rife up feveral four fquare
rough Stalks, a yard high, or more, which branch
forth the mf elves into divers four fquare Stalks or
Branches. The Leaves are many, large, hoary, or of
a whitifh green, dented about the edges, and fund-
ing upon long Footflalks, rifing fome from the Root ,
and fome from the Joints of the Stalks, which are \
broader at the bottom, fnoother alfo, and fomewhat
fat or clammy in handling, and fomewhat hairy, as
the fquare Stalks alfo are. Thefe Leaves upon the
Stalks fund by Couples, and are like the Leaves
which grow below, but fomewhat leffer. At the tops
of the Stalks the Flowers come forth at fet Spaces,
fet round about in Coronets or Wharls, which are
gaping, and like unto thofe of Common Clary, but
of a faint yellow color, after which comes brown
blackijh Seed. Gerard fays, that this kind of Clary,
called Colus Jovis, reprefents in the very top of the
Stalk, a Difaff, wrapped about with yellow Flax, and
that from thence it took its name ■, and that the
Leaves are like thofe of Nettles,rough, fharp pointed,
and of an overworn green color : both Leaves and
Flowers have fomewhat a frong Smell.
t VI. The fourth, or Small Clary, has a Root of the
thicknefs of a Alan's Thumb, black on the outfide.

with divers fibres Jpringing therefrom, which perifh
not, but abide many years : from this Root come forth
feveral fquare and fomewhat hairy Stalks, a foot and
half high , on which do grow large Leaves, very like
unto our common Garden Clary, hairy, rough, and
rugged, but not all out fo large, nor of fo white a
color, growing two at a Joint, on the contrary part
thereof, one unto another, and fomewhat cut in on
the edges, and deeply dented likewife, having alfo a
lefs frong feent than they. The Flowers grow at
Spaces about the Stalks, to the tops, bowing their
fpiky Heads , which are of a purple color, not much
larger than Lavender-flowers, which being paf away ,
there comes after them,fmall blackijh Seed.

VII. The Places. Thefe are all nourifhed up with
us in Gardens, the fourth of them being brought to
us out of Germany and all of them ( except the
third ) are fometimes found to grow Wild in feve-
ral places. The Colus Jovis, which only grows in
Gardens here, is found to grow in great plenty
throughout all Hungary and Au/iria, and in many
other places.

VIII. The Times. The firf is moft ufually fown,
for the Seed rifes of its own (hedding : The fecond
alfo requires to be new fown in the Spring, for it
feldom comes up of the Seed which falls, the Frofts
and Winter with us, for the moft part, killing of it.
They all Flower in the Summer Months, as in June,
July and Augufl, fome a little later than others, and
their Seed is ripe in Augufl, or September.

IX. The Vitalities. Gerard fays, Clary is hot and
dry in the third Degree ; Aperitive, Abfterfive, A-
ftr ingen t, Tr3umatick or Vulnerary 5 Pectoral, Hy-
fterick, Alterative, Analeptick, and Spermatoge-
netick.

X. The Specification. It ftrengthens weak Backs,
ftimulates to Venery, and caufes fruitfulnefs.

XI. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
1. The green Leaves. 2. A liquid Juice of the
Herb . 3. An Ejfence. 4. A Syrup. 5. A Deco-

if ion.

Chap, i 3 8. Englijh Herbs,

ttion . 6. A Louder of the Leaves. 7. A Balfam.
8. A Catapla/m. 9. The whole Seed. 10. A Lou-
der of the Seed. 11. A Mucilage of the Seed.
17. Au Elettuary of the Louder oj the Leaves and
Seed.

The Virtues.

XII. The green Herb. Becaufe of its properties
of Strengthening, and provoking Venery, it is very
much ufed by fome people, efpecialiy in Countrey
Towns, to be fiyed in a Frying Pan, being firft
dipt into a Batter made of Flower, Eggs, and Milk
or Cream, and fo ( being ferved up to the Table )
to be eaten.

XIII. The liquid Juice of the Herb. Ufed as an
Errhine, it cleanfes the Head and Brain of Cold,
Flegmatick, and Vifcous Humors, or other matter
afflicting thofe parts : and taken from three ounces
to fix, mixt with a Glafs of Tent or Alicant, it ad-
mirably -ftrengthens the Back, and excites Venus .- It
thickens the Seed, warms and comforts the Womb,
and is faid to caufe fruitfulnefs in Women, being
taken and ufed Morning and Night for fome con-
fiderable time. It alio cleanfes, and heals green
Wounds.

XIV. The Effence. It has the Virtues of the li-
quid Juice, befides which, it provokes the Terms
in Women, warms and comforts a cold and moilt
Womb, and takes away the Weaknefs and Slip-
perinefs thereof : it facilitates the Birth, and expels
the Secundine, or Afterbirth. And as it is good to
be given to Women which are Barren, through a
cold and moift difpofition of the Womb ^ fo is it
alfo good to flop the Whites, and to comfort a cold
and weak Stomach, oppreft with Vifcous Flegm.
Dofe from one ounce to two, three, or four ounces,
in a Glafs of generous Wine.

XV. The Syrup of the Juice. It has the Virtues
of the two former, but not fo powerful, becaufe it is
fo much clogg’d with Honey. But in other cafes as a
PeCtoral, it is much beyond them, for it caufes better
FxpeCloration, and therefore is good again!! Coughs,
Colds, Hoarfnefs, Wheezings, (hortnefs of Breath,
difficulty of Breathing, and other like Diftempers
of the Breft and Lungs. Dofe two or three ounces,
Morning and Night.

XVI. The Decoffion in Wine. It is weaker than
the Juice or Effence, but has all the Virtues of the
aforegoing Preparations in a lower Degree. It helps
to expeCtorate rotten and purulent matter from the
Lungs in a Pleurifie, as alfo in Coughs, and other Di-
ftempers of thofe Parts ^ and pofiibly may be good for
luch as are troubled with the Sciatica. Dofe fix
ounces Morning and Night.

XVII. The Louder oj the Leaves. Snuffed up the
Noftrils caufeth fneezing, and thereby purges the
Head and Brain of Rheum, and cold thin Flegm,
and Tartarous Matter afflicting thofe parts, caufing
Head-achs, Vertigo’s, Apoplexies, Drowlinefs, Sleepi-
nefs, and Lethargies : and being taken inwardly to
one Dram, Morning and Evening, in a little of the
Syrup, it ftrengthens the Back, increafes the Seed,
and excites Venery.

XVIII. The Balfam. Whether it is made with
the Juice, or with the green Leaves, it is as fingu-
iar a Vulnerary as is to be met withal. It not only
cures Green Wounds at once or twice dreffing them,
but alio digefts, cleanfes, and heals foul, putrid, or
rotten and running Ulcers : and being applied, is
an excellent thing to give eafe in the Sciatica.

XIX. The Cataplafm. Being applied to Contu-
fions,it difcuffes them, if no Veffels are torn: and
applied to Green Wounds, it fuddenly heals them.

XX. T he whole Seed. It is ufed to be put into
the Eyes to dear them from Films, Clouds, Moats

or other like things which offend them. It alfo
clears them from Pearls, and white or red Spots,
which chance to grow upon them.

XXI. The Pouder of the Seed. Put into the Eyes,
it clears the fight ; and being taken inwardly from
half a dram, to a dram and half; Morning and
Night, in Syrup of Clary, it admirably Simulates
Venus, ftrengthens the Reins, and eafes Pains of
thofe Parts.

XXII. The Mucilage of the Seed. If it is made
with Water, and applied to Tumors or Swellings,
it difcuffes and removes them. It alfo draws forth
Splinters, Thorns, or other things gotten into the
Flefh. If made with Vinegar, it is good againft
hot Inflammations, as alfo Biles, Felons, and other
hot Excretions in the Flefh and Skin, more efpecial-
iy if it is applied to them before they are come to
too great a head.

XXIII. The EleBuary of the Pouder of the Leaves
and Seed. Put into Sore or Ulcerated Eyes, it heals
them ; and being ufed Morning, Noon and Night,
for fome confiderable time, it clears the Eye-fight
of Pearls, Films, Clouds, and other like things, and
helps dimnefs of fight, wafhing the Eyes alfo be-
tween whiles four or five times a day, with the
Juice or Effence of the Herb. This EleUuary being
alfo taken inwardly from one dram to two drams
Morning and Night, for fome time, helps Coughs’
and Ulcers of the Lungs, reftores in Confumptions,
ftrengthens weak Backs, breeds Seed; excites Lull,
and admirably fortifies the whole Man.

XXIV. Coins Jervis , yellow Clary, or Jupiter's
P'ftaff, is hot and dry in the fecond Degree, and
its Juice and 'Effence, are fingular good to cleanfe
and heaL old Ulcers, and foul running Sores, being
applied to the Parts affliUed, according to Art.

CHAP. CXXXVIII.

Of C L A R Y, Wild.

TH E Annies. It is called in Greek, 'o;fllVot
u^eiov '■ In Latin, Honnwum Sylveftre, Out -
his Cbrijti , and by fome, Geminahs ; and in Englifh
Wild Clary. & 4 ’

II. The Kinds. There are feveral Species hereof,
but the chief, and which we intend to handle in
this Work, are thele following, viz. x. Horminum
Sylveftre vulgare, Oculus Chrifti, Wild Clary, efpe-
cialiy lo called by Camerarius , Lordus, Clufius, Each,
fius, Gefner, Gerard, Label, Lcniccrus , Lugdunen-
Jts, and Turner Brunfelfim calls it, Sa.via agre-
ftls and Bejler in his Hortus Eyftetenfis, Salvia
agrejiis flare purpurco : Gefner and Tragus, Salvia
agrejiis vera ; Gallitricum verum ( in Italy ) C.afal-
ptni Sc/area Sylveftns Tabernmontani. 2. Her-
minum Sylveftre incanum flare aibo, Horminum Syl-
vejtre quantum Niveo flare Clufij, Sc/area Sylveftns
flare alboTabernmontanifalvia agrejiis flare alba bo/ it
Eftete lifts. Hoary Wild Clary with a White Flower.
3 . Horminum Sylveftre Lavcndule flare Baabini, Scla-
rca Hifpamca Tabernmontani, Gallitricum alieruin
GerardifWM Clary, with Laven ler Flowers. 4. Her-
annum Sylveftre falvifohum majus Cl minus Baabini,
Horminum Sylveftre Matthio/i, Ofalpim, Lugdu-
nenfis Orvula altera Dodonui, Horminum Sylveftre
quint um Clufti -, Verbafcum nigrum Jalvi folium 'flare
purpurco Lobeli •, Salvia Sylveftris adulterine Tea -
gi. Sage Leav’d Wild Clary. Authors make many
other kinds, but thele are all that are found grow-
ing with us, either Wild or in Gardens.

C c 2

III. The

i cj6 Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. 1.

111. The Delcrip cions. The firft kind, or Oculus
Chrifii, has a Root which is long , tough, and black ,
attended with many fibres , by which it takes fafi
held of the Earth , from whence rife up many fiquare
Stalks t wo or three feet high , on which grow broad
dark green Leaves , dented about the edges , and
Jo me what rugged and hard in handling •, the flowers
grow along towards the lops of the Stalks , like unto
the gaping or hooded Flowers oj the Garden Clary,
but J mailer , and of a pale or whiifk blew color \
which being pajl away , there comes in filial l husks ,
round blackifh or brownijh Seed -, the whole Riant
hen a firong Smell , but it is nothing fio quick out that
of our common Garden Clary. There are two other
kinds hereof: One , the tops of whofie Stalks are pur-
plifh , with Flowers of a deeper purple color , and
fomewhat larger Leaves. Another , differing only in
this , that the tops of the Stalks are green , and not
purple ■, the Flowers of a pale blew color , and the
Leaves a little torn on the edges.

IV. The fecond kind, or Hoary Wild Clary,
with white Flowers, has a long tough black Root, not
much differing from the former ■, the Leaves in this
being almoft like thofie, but more hoary, and a little
deeper dented in on the edges, the Stalks are fiquare,
and almofi a yard high , upon which grow the Flow-
ers in the fame manner, fav'mg that thefie are whol-
ly white, which being pajl away, there follows finall
round brownijh Seed.

V. 'The third, or Lavender fiowred Wild Clary,
has a Root not much diff ering from either of the for-
mer Wild Claries, front whence come forth fquare
hairy Stalks, two or three feet high. Jet with har-
der, narrower, and f moot her Leaves, more deeply
indented about the edges, and rounder pointed -, the
Flowers are much lefis than the former -, and neither
in bignefis, nor color, are they greatly differing from
the Flowers of Spike or Lavender, they growing in
Jpaces and randies as the refi do ■, the Seed Is like

to the others, nor docs the Smell of the whole Plant
differ much from them.

VI. The fourth, or Sage Leav’d Wild Clary, has
a long Root , tough and black without, but yellow
within, which abides without perifhing for many
Tears, as the Roots of mo ft of the Wild kinds do :
from whence rife up low fquare Stalks , much about
half a yard high, whereon grow hard rugged Leaves,
fet two at a Joint, very like unto Sage Leaves, but
not hoary at all, of a dark green color, and dented
about the edges : the Floioers grow at fet Spaces
round about the Stalks, as in r undies, in fiome Plants
of a fair purple, violet color -, in others more pale -,
and in others yet, of almofi an AJh-color ■, which be-
ing pajl away, there comes forth ( when it is ripe )
black Jinall Seed. The Smell of this Plant is more
p leafing and lefs heady than moji of the former kinds
be. There is another Species of this fourth kind
which differs chiefly from it in this, that it grows
much higher, has thicker Stalks, larger and thicker
Leaves, fipotted with divers white Jpots and jlreaks
therein •, elf e in form and color of Leaves and Flowers
no difference appearing.

VII. The Places. The firfl grows Wild in Eng-
land, almofi: every where by the Way fide, and fo
does the other with the purple Stalks : but that
with the green Stalks is not common with us, but
grows in many places of Germany and Hungary :
Gerard lays-, that the Oculus Chrijli grows in Bar-
ren places, almofi in every Countrey, efpecialiy in
Holborn-fields, near unto Grays-Inn, in the High-
way by the end of a Prick-Wall ( there it might
poflibly grow formerly, but none can be had there
now : ) alio at the hither end of Chefiey towards
London , and in the Highways leading from Rich-
mond Palace to the Water-fide , and in divers other
places. The fecond grows not Wild here, but only
in the Gardens of the Curious. The third grew
with Clufius, of the Seed which he had out of Spain,
but he laith he found it likewife near tire Riding-
place of Greenwich -, fo that it is manifolt, that it
is a natural inhabitant of our Countrey. The third
grows Wild in Hungary almofi every where, in
their Vineyards, and by the Way fides, but with us
it is chieiiy nourifhed up in Gardens.

VIII. The Times. They all Flower in June and
July, as do the Garden Kinds •, and their Seeds are
ripe in the end of Augufl, or not long after.

IX. Their Qualities, Specification , Preparations
and Virtues, are the fame with thofe of the Gar-
den Clary, fo that little more need be faid thereof
here.

X. Obfervation i. Diof cor ides faith, That the
Seed of Oculus Chrijli, or Wild Clary, drunk with
Wine ( from one dram to two drams ) excites Luft ^
and being mixed with Honey, and applied, cleanfes
the Eyes from Films, and other imperfections lodg-
ed in them : and being put whole into the Eyes,
it not only fimply cleanles, but alfo purges them
very much from Waterifh Humors, and fo frees
them from Rednefs, Inflammations, and divers o-
ther Difeafes which happen to them, taking auray
their Pain and Smarting, one Seed, and no more,
being put into the Eye at a time. This, fays Ge-
rard, is a general Medicine in Chefhire, and other
Countries thereabout, known of all, and ufed with
good fuccefs.

XL Obfierv. 2. The Liquid Juice, or Effence of
the Leaves, given from two ounces to four or fix.
mixed with a Glafs of Generous Wine, and drank
warm, diffolves congealed Blood in the Stomach,
warms and comforts it, and is very good to help
igainfi dimnefs, and to reftore the Eyes to their
Prittine State.

CHAP.

Chap. Unglijh Herbs.

91

CHAP. CXXXIX.

Of CLOVE -GILLIFLOWERS.

I/T''Lf£ Karnes. It was unknown to the Greeks ,
J- as far as we can learn, but is called of the
Latins , Caryophyllus hortenfis , alio Vetonica , Ce/u-
alt ilis, Coronaria,Herba Tunica , Ocellus Damaf-
cenus, and Barbarian , of fome Cantabrica P/inij ,
ftos Caryophy/lcus. Some will have them to be the
lphiunt Theopbrafti in lib. 6. cap. 6 (ft y. others to
be his Dios Anthos , or Flos Jovis , but Ruellita faith
that they were unknown to the Oli Writers ; and
his judgment feems to be good, becaufe the Gilli-
ftower is not like to that of Vetonica , or Cantabri-
ca ; and it is a wonder, fays he, that fuch a famous
Flower, of fo pleafant a Form, and fweet a Smell,
Ihould lye hid, and not be known to the Ancients,
which may be thought not inferior to the Rofe , in
its Variety , Smell, and admirable Beauty. The
name Caryophyllus was given to it, I fuppofe, from
its Smell, which is very like to that of the Indian
Clave. We in Englijb call it Clove-gilliflomer , and
Gi/liftirwcrs ( qua ft July-flowers , becaufe, they begin
to flqsybfc in the Month of 'July) fome alfo are
called Carnations , but that name atifes chiefly from
1 he color.

II. The Kinds. They are either Garden or
Wild : of the Garden Kinds we fhall treat in
this Chapter. The Wild are vulgarly called Pinks,
of which we fhall fay nothing here, but refer you
to the Chapter under that Title, where we' fhall
fully difeourfe of them. Of the Garden Kinds , or
Gilliftower , fome are Single, and fome Double.
The Single Clovegilliflower fome will have to be a
Pink, but it is no fuch thing, for it is oftentimes
produced by the Seed of molt of the Double Clove •
gH/iftowers, and differs from Pinks in its Shape,
Magnitude and Smell : That all the Kinds of
Double Flowers produce Seed 1 am apt to believe ;
though fome of them, as the Clovegilliflower and
Carnation, not very often ; and Parkinfon fays, that
they feldom give any Seed, as far as he could ob-
ferve, and here in England, are ufually increafed
by Slips.

III. As to the Variety of Kinds of this Flower in
refpeft to their various and accidental differences,
they are little or few in their Roots, Leaves,
Stalks, and manner of growing, but manifold in
tefpeft to the Flowers ; as to their Form, Magni-
tude, and Color, fome being of one Color, fome of
another, fome of many, lome Striped, fome Spot-
ted ; fome finely Dented only, fome Jagged or
deeply Cut in, DV. I lay as to thele, we (hall take
no notice, leaving that work to their confideration,
who make the Flower Garden their whole bufinds.
Thole which we lhall treat of here, are only the
three following, ( which comprehend all the other
Kinds, and Varieties under them) viz. I. Caryo-
phyllus hortenfis pleno rubro. The Clove-gillifiower
of a deep Crimfon Red. 2. Caryophyllus maxtmus
Anglicus , The Great Englijh Carnation, y. Caryo-
phyllus minor flore pleno , The lelfer Carnation with
a Double Flower. As to the firft of thele, viz. the
Clove-gilliflower, there are- the Single Clove, and the
Double Clove ; only of the Double Clove, there
are fome more Double than others. As to the fe-
cond, viz. Caryophillus maximus, or Great Carna-
tion, with that which we deferibe in Sect. V. fol-
lowing. Parkinfon in his Garden of Flowers makes
twenty feveral Varieties ; to wit, The Great Eng-

lifh, the Grey Halo, the Red Hula, the Blew Huh
the Prince, the White Carnation, the French Carna-
tion, the Ground Carnation, the Cryflal or Cryflal-
hne, the Red Cryflal, the Fragrant, the flrifd Sa-
vage, the Blufh Savage, the Red Savage, the Oxford
Carnation, the King’s Carnation, the Granada, the
Grand Perc, the Camberftne , the Great Red Lom-
bard. As to the Caryophyllus minor , or Defer Car-
nation, called a Gilliftower, we have in Parkinfon
thirty four Varities, to wit. The Leffer Carnation,
the Gallant or Weflminjler, the Briftol Blew, Red
Dover, Light or White Dover, pair Maid, Queens
Gilliftower, the Dainty, ■ Braftl Gilliftower , Small
Granado, the Turkic, Pool Flower , Pale Pageant
Dainty Lady, be ft White Gilliftower, London White !
Stamell, Purple Gilliftower , Peach Color, blew Gil -
liflower, Blujh Color , Great Tawney, Light Tawncy
Sadjavmey, Deep Blufh, Pale Blujh, Infants Blujh,
the Great Blujh , Alar bled Tawney. Tnncejs cr Van-
able Tawney , Flaked Tawney , Feathred Tawney,
Speckled Tawney, and Rofe Gilliftower.

IV. The Defcriptions. The firft of thofe, or deep
red Clove-gillifiower, ( which is that -which we only
ufc in Phyfick ) has a pretty long, hard, or mood v
Root, having fome fmull fibres appendrnt thereto,
which endures all the Winter long ; from this Root
rifes up one or more Stalks, like to thofe of ike Car-
nations following, growing upfometimes to be a foot
and half high, or more, which is round, of an AJh
or whitijh color, and pretty hard, not fo thick fet
with Joints and Leaves, as arc the Carnations fol-
lowing •, but the Stalks are more in number, the
Leaves are narrower, and whiter for the moft part,
and in fome do a little turn. The Flowers are much
' f mailer than thofe of the C arna tion ,of a deep red crim-
fon color ,very thick, and double in moft the green
husks in which they ft and are alfo f nailer the enJs

of the Leaves in this Flower (at in all the reft ) are
dented or Jagged, yet in fome more than in others.
Some alfo have two while threads, crooked at the

ends

cnis like barns, in the middle of the flower, where-
of fevers! others hove none. Thefe kinds , and ef pe-
nally this that is the Deep Red Crimfon colored
flower, do very well endure the Cold of our Winters,
and are with much lefs care preferved. This De-
feription take as a Prcftdent Jor all the kinds of
Clove-gilMowers.

Clove-gillifiower for the moft part. The flowers are
like unto the Clove-gilliflowers, and about the fame
bignefs and duplicity , yet in fome they are much
greater than in others , but of a pale yel'loaijh Car-
nation color , ( tending fomething to an Orange) with
two f mall while threads, and crooked at the ends,
in the middle, but fame have none. The Smell is
weaker than that of the Clove-giUiflower,ji>r ieleB-
able enough to that Senfe. This kind is more apt
to bear Seed than any other , which is final / black,
flat, and long, and being Sown, yields wonderful va-
rieties of flowers, both Single and Double ; fome
being of a lighter or deeper color than the Original
or Mother Plant •„ fome with flripes in mojl of the
Leaves ; others are Jlriped or J potted , /ike one of
the great fpeckled Carnations or Gilliflowers, in
various forts or kinds, and that both Single ' and
Double : Some again are wholly of one color like
the Original or Mother Plant , and are either ’ more,
or lefs Double than it ; or elfe are Single, with one
raw of Leaves, like to a Pink. And fome of theje
are alfo wholly of a crimfon red, or deeper, or light-
' er, or variably j potted , double, or Jingle as a Pink
or bhtjb , either fmgle or double, yet but very fel-
dorn white ; w hi/Ji all of them in the green Leaves
of the Stalks nothing at all percept ably differing.

Cjreat

Carnation.

V. Thefecond, or great eft Englifh Carnation, has
a Root which is branched into Jevcral great , long
and woody Arms or Parts, having many Jmall Fibres
annexed to them, yet is very difficultly preferved in
1 Vinter, for which reafon it is not altogether fo com-
mon as the other Carnations and Glove-gillitiowers.
From this Root rifes up a great thick round Stalk,
divided intofeveral Branches, fomewhat thickly fet
with Joints, and at every Joint two long Leaves,
rather green than whitijh, fomewhat broader than
Clove-gillifiower Leaves , turning or winding two or
three times round -,( yet in fome other kinds of Carna-
tions, they are plain, but bending their points down-
wards, and in fome alfo of a dark redd if? green co-
lor, in others not fo dark, but rather of a whitijh
green color : ) The Flowers ft and at the tops of the
Stalks, in long, great, round , green husks, which
are divided into Jive points, out of which rife many
long and broad pointed Leaves, deeply jagged at the
ends, fet in order , round and beautiful , making a
noble great double Flower, oj a deep Carnation color,
al moft redfpotted with many blufh fpots and ft, rakes,
fome great er, and fome leJJer,of an excellent, delightful
and pleafant fweet Smell , not too quick, as many o-
thers oj this kind are, nor yet too dull, and with
two whitijh crooked threads, like horns in the mid-
dle. This kind never bears many Flowers, but as it
is flow in growing fo it is alfo in bearing • it is a
magnificent Flower, and fhetrs a kind of ft ate line fs,
for it wall not endure to be often handled. This
defeription may ferve for all them of this kind.

VI. The third, or LelTer Kind of Carnation, has
a Root much like to the former but fomething lef-
fer, having from it Stalks next the ground, thick
jet, but wab f mailer, or narrower Leaves than the

C/ave>

VII. The Places. Thefe are all nonrifhed in Gar-
dens throughout all England: of the firft kind I
have feen whole Fields of them planted in Kent
for the ufe of the Markets in London. The third
was brought out of Silefia, but now is become a
free Denizon, and abfolute native of this Kingdom ,
it growing and thriving as well here with us, as any
of the former.

VIII. T/;<? Times. They Flower not until the heat

of the Year, which is about the latter end of June
and in July, ( unlels it be an extraordinary hot Sea-
fon) and they continue flowering, until the Cold
of the Autumn nip them, or till they have wholly
fpent them (elves out ^ and are generally, ( as was
laid before 1 inrrpnfp.1 Ku 9i;n,c nil...

faid before ) increased by Slips. The Clovc-gilh-
eafoii of their hardeefs, being better” able

hp f'rvlrl rf Wmtn, .1 .

flowers by reafon ....... ..a.u.ic.., icing uerret ame

to endure the Cold of Winter, are ufually planted

in

i4°.

‘Engiijh Herb j

in Gardens : but the Carnations and G'tflfipwers,
by reafon of their tendernefs, ate ufualiy Planted in
Pots, that they may be houfed, and.fo kept and
preferred from the extream cold of our Winters.

IX. The Vitalities. Thefe Plants as to their Roots,
Leaves and Flowers, are temperate in relpefl to
heat or cold : Afttingeut, Sudorifick, Traumatick,
Cordial, Neurotick, Alterative, and Alexipharmick.

X. The Specification. It is peculiar againft Faint-
ing and Swooning Fits.

XI. The Trepanations. You may have therefrom,
I. An bifpijjate Juice, i. A Syrup. 3. An Of-
fence. 4. A Conferve. ;. A Dfiil/ed Water.
6. A Spirituous Tinffttre. j. An Acid Tintfure
with Vinegar.

The Virtues.

Xil. The Infpifjatg Juice. It is highly Cordial,
and may be dilfolved in white Port Wine or Cana-
ry, to make aTinfture of atpleal'ure, againft faint
ing and fwooning Fits, Sickhefs at Heart, Malign!
ty of' the Plague and Poifon,

XIII. The Syrup made with Water, as is taught
in our Pharmacopana Londiiienfis lib, 4 . C4p. ji. fe3.
18. thus : Take Clove-gillifiowers ( the Whites
being cut off) a pound itrfufe them aft night in
Spring Water two pounds : being ftraiqed, with
double-refined white Sugar four pounds, make a
Syrup ( without boiling ) only by melting the Sugar.
This Syrup is temperate in Quality, {Lengthens the
Heart, Stomach and Liver it is Pefloral apd Cor-
dial, and may be mixt with other Cordial Liquors,
againft malignant Fevers, and the Plague ; as alfo
againft Paintings, Swoonings. and the like. It re
fireflies the Vital Spirits, chears the Heart, and re
fills Potion.

XIV. The Syrup made with white Port Wine or
Canary. It is made exaftly as the former, and has
all the fame Virtues ; only it is a greater and fhore
famous Cordial, more powerful againft Faintings
and Swoonings, to comfort a languilhing Stomach,
as alfo to chear the Heart and revive the Vital
Powers.

XV. The Syrup inside with Wine Vinegar. It is
made exaftly as that with Water, putting in the
fame quantity of Vinegar ieftead of the Water. It
is opening, and refills Vapors which fly into the
Brain , it fortifies the Stomach, comforts the Heart,
cheats. tl)¥ languifhing and drooping Spirits ; it
helps Digeftion, and prevails againft all Difeafes
proceeding from Cholej ot heat of Blood, as Malign
and Peftilential Fevers and. Fevers not Peftftential :
it cools the Blood, refills Poifon, quenches Thirft,
and is helpful againft the Vertigo. Dofe of any of
thefe three Syrups, an ounce at a time in any conve-
nient Vehicle.

XVI. T he Ejjencc. It has all the Virtues of the
Infpiflate Juice and Syrup ; it is good againlt Di-
feafes of the Heart, Head and Stomach, very Cor-
dial, fpecial good againft Heflick Fevers, to Hop
Fluxes and help fuch as fpit Blood : and as it chears
the Heart and revives the Spirits, fo it powerful-
ly refills Melancholy. Dole from two drams to
four.

XVII. The Conferve. It is Cordial, chears the
Heart and ftrengthens the Stomach, and is only eaten
as a Sweet-meat. It is good for old People, to eat
in a morning fading.

XVIII. The difitlled Water. It is made by a ve-
ry gentle heat in Balnea , is Cordial, and may be u-
fed as a Vehicle, to convey other Cordial Medica-
ments in ; befides which, it is of excellent Ufe to
walh fore Eyes withal, waffling them therewith five
«r itx times a day.

99

. XIX. The Spirituous Tincture. It is a great Pre-
iervanve againft ail manner of Malign, Infectious,
and Peftilential Difeafes, and ought to be ufed pre-
ventively, as firlt in the Morning tailing ; fecondiv
about four 111 the Afternoon ; thirdly ar Bed time
It more powerfully comforts the Stomach, cheats
the Heart, and revives the Spirits, than any of the
former Preparations. It may be prepared with
common Spirit of Wine : and then it may be taken
alone of it felf, from one Ipoonful to two, accord-
wgfothe Age of the perlon -, or otherw’ife mixt
with Wine, or fome other Vehicle.

XX. The Acid TinSure made with Vinegar. It
comforts the Stomach much, chears the Heart, helps
Digeftion Hops Vomiting, is good againft fpitting
Blood, and ftrengthens the Retentive Faculty. It
cuts tough Flegm, correfls the heat and malignity
ol Choler, helps ExpeHoration, and quenches Thirft
in burning Fevers. Ir is an excellent thing to be
given m the Cure of the Plague, and of all manner
ol Malign and Peftilential Difeafes.

CHAP. CXL.

Of COCKLE.

TP HE Names. It is called in Greek, Kiy,L! *?■-
c 1 ” tnluttin, hyfmis Segetum, Lychmidcs

begetum ; by Tragus , Gitbago, and makes it Rof.e

A r^n£niems/uXt!,mC Amb'mm foliofum Rue/liji
A igellafirum Cf Anthemon Dodotnei, Pfeudomelan-
thrum Mmhw/t ; Lychnis fegetum major, Bauhini •
( becaufe he makes the Alfme Corniculata Clufij to

X mnor:) In«’

_ A1' Pe is a Angular Plant, and account-

f the WM Kmis of Campions. It is
fofek °f ‘ m as fome Authors

or l^Jcr,f,Cnh fom? Herbarifti from the found
or liknefs of the word, thought it to be the true
ty//*, or Aielanthiuin, but were ablolutely deceived •
for it not only differs in Leaves from the true Gith
but alfo m other properties : if it has any refem-
blance to A tgella, it is more in the blacknefs of the
Seed than in the Flower, or in any thing elfe ; and
therefore Matthwlus called it as aforefaid, Pfeudo-
as aifo divers others fince him.

11. The Defenption. It has a f, nail and woody
Root, which penjhes as foon as it has horn Seed ,
j tom whence fpnngs up an upright hairy Stalk, (hoot-
mg Jorth Branches on all Jides, with two long hairy
orfft Woolly Leaves at the Joints. The Blowers
grow forth at tlje tops of the Branches, in hairy long
Husks, whofe ends or points are longer than any of
the Campions, Jl ending upright both before the blow-
ani they are paj} , and laying them -
f elves between the Jive round pointed Leaves , when
they are blown , which are of a bright reddifh purple
or enmfon color : The Seed which follows ( which is
in hard round heads) is bigger and blacker than m
any of the Wild Lychnides or Campions. Here is
10 vf noted , that fome have obferved another Kind
of Cockle, with white Flowers, but having no other
material difference befides.

V)e P^!Ces- Cockle grows too plentifully in
molt of our Corn-fields , (chiefly in our Wheat-fields )
throughout this whole Kingdom : for which caufe
Hippocrates calls it Melon thium ex Tritico.

V. The Times. It Flowers in the beginning of
Summer, and the Seed is rine in HarveJTtime.

VI. The

200 Salmon s Herbal. Lib, I.

U. ' The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the end
of the llcond Degree $ Aperitive, Cleanfing, Nar-
co tick, and Hvfterick.

VII. The Specification. It is peculiar againft Scabs
and running Sores.

VIII. The Preparations. You may prepare there-
from, I. A Dc coition of the Herb in Red Port Wine.
2. A liquid Juice. 3. A Decoction of the Mowers
in Red Port Wine. 4. A Ponder of the Mowers.
5. A Decot? ion of the Seed in Wine. 6. A Poudcr
of the Seed. 7. A Peffary of the Seed. 8. A Bal-
fam.

The Virtues.

IX. The Decoition of the Herb in Red Port Wine.
Being taken inwardly two or three ounces at a time,
it is good to (top the Terms in Women, as alfo the
Whites, and to Itop any inward Bleeding ; it is
good alfo to open Obftruftions of the Reins, Ure-
ters and Bladder, and ro provoke Urine, and ex-
pel Stones, Gravel, Sand, and other Tartarous
Matter.

X. The Liquid Juice. It has the fame Virtues,
but is feldom given inwardly : but outwardly ap-
plied, it Hops all forts of External Bleedings of
Wounds cleanfes and heals Scabs and running
Sores, Ulcers, Cankers, Fiftula’s, Cfc. bv correcting
the putrefaction, and drying up the moift Humors
which offend them.

XI. The Deco?? ion of the flowers in Red Port
Wine. It is good againft all the Difeafes againft
which the Deception of the Herb is good •, but is
withal a more pleafant and delicate Medicine, and
more powerful to ftop the Terms in Women, and
may be given three, four, or five ounces at a time,
Morning and Evening. It is a peculiar opener of
ObftruCtions in the Reins and Bladder : Ufed as a
Gargle in the Mouth, it cleanfes, drys up, and heals
Cankers, running Sores, and Ulcers in the Throat,
Mouth, and Gums, flops the Putridity, cleanfes and
heals them. It is good againft Poifon, flinging of
Scorpions, and the bitings of Serpents, or other
Venomous Beafts.

XII. The Poudcr of the Mowers. It may be given
to a dram in Red Port Wine, againft alL forts of
Fluxes, ( and Bloody-fluxes in fpecial ) of the Bel-
ly, Reins, and Womb : outwardly applied to Sores
and old Ulcers, it cleanfes, drys and heals them. In-
wardly given, it is good againft the Plague, Malign
and Peftilential Difeafes, and the bitings of Ser-
pents, or other Venomous Creatures. Outwardly
applied to, or ftrewed upon Ulcerated Kibes, it ef-
fectually cleanfes them, drys up the humidities, and
heals them, tho* the Ulcer has penetrated to the
Bone.

XIII. The Deco?? ion of the Seed in Wine. It helps
fuch as are flung by Scorpions, being inwardly ta-
ken to two or three ounces ^ and the place outward-
ly bathed therewith. It has alfo an efpecial pro-
perty to cure the Itch,, as alfo Scabbinefs, and run-
ning Sores •, and to correCl the putrid Humors flow-
ing to any Wound, Ulcer, or Fiftula.

XIV. The Ponder oj the Seed. Being given from
a dram to two drams, according to the age of the
Perfon, and llrength of the Conftitution, it has been
found to purge the Belly of Cholerick Humors, to
expel Poifon, and relift the malign force of the
Plague : Ir is alfo of very good ule in all forts of
running Sores, old Ulcers, inveterate Cankers, pu-
trid and malign Fiftula’s, and the like • for it re-
lilts the putridity, cleanfes and dries up the Moi-
ftuie, and heals beyond all imagination. Ottavius
Herat i an us gives the Seed parched, and beaten to
pouder. to be drunk againft the Yellow Jaundice.

XV. The Peffary. Made of the Seed with Honey.
Being put up the Womb, it provokes the Terms,
as Hippocrates teftifies in his Book of Womens Dif -
eafes.

XVI. The Bafam. It is made of the Juice or
green Leaves and Flowers , by boiling in Oil Olive
to crifpnefs , framing out , and repeating the boiling
three times , then mixing with every pound of that
Oily Decoition , twelve ounces of Venice Turpentine ,
and fix ounces of Wax , boiling to a thicknefs. It
heals Wounds, Ulcers, old running Sores, Fiftula’s,
by digefting, cleanfing, incarnating, drying, Cfc.

CHAP. CXLI.

Of COCKS-HEAD,

I. T1 H E Names. It is called in Greek, ( by the
X Ancient Herbarifts) ’Orbg§v%{ and is thought
to be the Onobrychis of Diof cor ides -, in Latin , Ono-
brychis , and Caput Gallinaceum : In Englifh , Cocks-
head, Me dick Fetch , and Red Fetch ling.

II. The Kinds* Authors make many varieties
hereof ^ Parkinfon makes nine Kinds ; but whereas
they are not all Natives of our Countrey, we fhall
only deferibe thofe which are natural to the place,
and to be had with us, which are chiefly three,
viz. 1. Onobrychis vulgaris , Caput Gallinaceum •
Onobrychis Dodonxi, Clufij, 1 halij -, Glaux five Ono-
brychis GeJ'neri in hortis ■ Caput Gallinaceum Bcl-
gar um Lobeli • the lelfer fort of which is called by
Battbinus, in Prodromo , Caput Gallinaceum minus -,
Cocks-head, the Common Kind, alfo Medick Fetch-
ling ■, and by the French , Saint Foin : But this is not .
the Saint Foin fo much talked of for the Improve-
ment of Land, that we have dilcourfed of before
in Chap. 135:. where we have (hewed the excellent
ufes thereof in Agriculture. 2. Onobrychis f picat a

Chap.

142.

201

flore purpurea , Onobrychis Pannonica prima Chtfij -,
Geer Aflragaloides Pont: ; fpiked Coch-beai with
purple Flowers. Onobrychis floribus Cdrulcis,
Onobrychis Pannonica fccunda Clufij , Bew Flowred
Cocks-hedd.

III. The Defcriptions. The Jirji or common kind
has a Root which is tough, and font e what woody -from
whence /firing forth feveral weak but rough Stalks ,
leaning dow awards, about afoot and half high, befet
with Winged Leaves , each being longer and more
pointed, than thofe of Lentils, and whitijh under-
neath ; from the tops of thefe Stalks rife up other
fender Stalks , naked without Leaves, unto the tops,
where there grow many fmall Flowers, in manner of
a Spike, of a pale reddifh color, with fome blewnefs
among them : after which rife up in their places

ve)r/rri'i ,, f /I-.... . 7 r-\ r 1 1 • /' . ,

uuiytt-u rtjo up in ujcir -places ,

rough, round, and fomewhat flat heads. Of this firft
Species, Bauhinus has given us the Defcription of a
leffer, differing in nothing from the former, but only
in the magnitude, or rather fmallnefs thereof.

IV. The fecond hat a Root great and long, hard,
and of a woody f Aflame, Spreading it felf far abroad,
and growing very deep into the ground ; from whence
rife up many Stalks, efpecially when it is grown to
an old Plant , round, hard, and leaning to the ground
like the other Pulfes, and has Leaves very like Ga-
lega, or the Wild Vetch, of a bitter Tafte, and loath-
fome Savor 1 among which come forth fmall round
Stems-, at the ends of which do grow Flowers (pike
fafhion, three Inches in length, and in Jhafie like
thofe of the great Lagopus, or Meadow Trefoil, but
longer, of an excellent Jhining purple color, but
without Smell: which Flowers being paft away, fmall
cods follow, containing little, hard and black Seed in
tafte like to the Vetch or Tare.

V- The third has alfo a fmall, tough, and woody
Root, from whence Spring up many twiggy Branches
about afoot and half high, full of Knots, ramping
and creeping on the ground. The Leaves are like
the former, but f mailer and Jhorter : among which
come forth fmall flenier Stems, upon which do grow
little Flowers, like thofe of the Tare, but of a blew
color, tending to purple. The Flowers being fallen
fmall Cods come forth m their places, which contain
little black Seed like a Kidney, and of a black color
when it is full ripe.

. Y1' It is fuppofed that the firft of thefe
IS the Onobrychis of Diof cor ides, alfo of Pliny ■ for
D;»/W« defcribes it thus ; Onobrychis has Leaves
like a 'Lentil, but longer, a Stalk a Span high, a crim-
f on Flower and a little Root - and grows ,n moill
and untilled places. Pliny writes thus ; Onobiy-
chis W the Leaves of a Lentil, but fomewhat longer
a red Flower, and a fmall and fender Root ■ and
that it grows about Springs, or Fountains of Wa-
ters. J

VII . The Places. The firft and fecond grow ( fays

Gerard) upon Barton-hill, four Miles from Lew-
ton m Bedfordshire , and likewife upon the Gratfe
Balks between the Corn Lands two Miles from
Cambridge, near to a Water Mill towards London-
and m divers other places in the way from Cam-
bridge to London. The third grows not Wild here
but is only nourilhed up in Gardens. ’

VIII. The Times. They all Flower ftom the end
o f June to the end of Aug, ft, and the Seed is ri-
pened in the mean Seafou, and in fome little time

• r ^flelities. They feem to be temperate
tnre^eaofheatorcoldnefs, drynefs or mofiure:

Silp',wJiyS m hla Books the Faculties of
Simple Medicaments, That they rarifie, or make
thin, and wafte away. This is certain, by Experi-
ence from the feeding of Cattel with them, rhat
they are Galaflogenenck, or breeders of Milk.

X. The Specification. Thdy have been found to
be lingular good for die difeuffing, confuting, or
waiting away of hard Tumors or Swellings.

XI. The Preparations. You may have therefrom
r. A liquid Juice. 2. An Efence. 3. A Pouder
of the Leaves. 4. Ati Oil. 5. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

XII. The liquid Juice. Taken from two ounces
rfc*' al°"e by >t felt; or mixt with a Giafs
“ Wine, it prevails againft the Stran-

SmL3r-d 3 °bft,ruaions of Urine, caufed by
?^rave1’ °t Tartarous Matter in Reins

breSiant of Milt7 fc C3ufc them »
oPen^an^^e^^f™otO)^heinge taken Yii^lik^Ynan-

or SweS® nof EV 1"“® = Bathed “P°n any Tumor
or bwelhng, not malign nor maturated, it difeuf-

fourTnJ3 D°fe threeor

fav^rhar fh ?°Aieri °f- ’cer Ledves' Diofcoridcs
lays that if it is drunk with Wine (I fuppofe from

one dram to two drams, Morning and Sng 1ft

cures the Strangury. It has indeed a fingula facu

^XVOPTh0nYUai5nY0f the Urinary prts
OdOlnJtr‘r»mie by^'lmS ‘he Green Herb in
ill Olive to Crifpnefs, aud repeating the Operation
three or four times, and fo ftraininf it out? Thl

beiI»g an°inted on the Bodv it
provokes Sweating. Anointed on hard Tumors it
fofais them, ,s difeuffive, and eaufts them S wafte

1 f The Cataplafm. Being brtlifed green and
Uid on ( m the form of a Cataplafm, ) upon’hard

NXSorThroWafnSS’ foe

lNecK or Throat, or m other Parts; itcaufcs them

dalCrfTthenT ™fte ; and this more ofpe-
• Juice or Eflence, aforefaid, be rakeri

Pnrrywkl0rn,n^ and EveniDg> in a Giafs of White
W“e> as lS dlfeUed ; and the Patients withal
E“S on.^ ,or t^too a Week ( according as theit
Bodies will bear it ) with my Family Pills.

CHAP. CXLII.

Of COCKS-COMB.

E T1 Kernes. The Ancients we cannot find
A knew any thing of this Plant, unlefs it fce
t- e- gellmace, Crifiam hobens
Our Moderns call it in Latin Crifta Gatli, vel Gall -
nacea, becaufe the Flowers, as fome think Hand at
the tops of the Stalks, like’ a Cocks Comb ofoem
T™1? “ t,obe f°.caIIed from the form of the

Crmf,o7 crfeftenf't,ng^0n,tteredi5es’ refcmlle the
Comb, or Creft of a Cock : In Enghfh, it is cai

wort^^ Wl°a R"tIle ’ and Telloa

n }\ Tt?inrS- h is 0"e °f the Kinds of Rattle-
Grafs, or Loufe-worr. Now Rattle-Grafs is either
Fellow or Red ; the Fellow, which is called Cocks-
Gmb 'ne ftiall treat of in this place ; the Red we
(hall treat of under the Title of Rattle-grafs Red in
fome of the Chapters following. Of the Fellow
Kind there are four Species, of which two of them
are only found to grow in England, viz. 1. Crilht
Ga/li Lutea, Crifta Gallinacea, Crfta Galli Bauhini ■
rediculans pratenfis lutea Bauhin 1 h Pedicular is
Campcjlns Tragi ; Crfta Galli vel Gallinacea Do-
U d d.nei.

202

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

don. a, UbeliLCluJij *, Cocks Comb, Yellow Rattle,
'and Yellow Lou fe-wort. 2. Crifta Grill Lute a

l 'mbel l ntd Bnubini , Yellow Rattle, with Tutted
Rowers.

III. The Defcriptions. The Common Cocks
Comb, or Yellow Rattle, has a Root fmall and. /len-
der, which perifhes every Tear ■, from which Root
fcldom gro ws more than one round green Stalk , which
rifes up about half a yard , or two feet high , and with
but few Branches theigon , having two long, and
fomewhat broad Leaves Jet at a Joint , deeply dent-
ed, or cut in on the edges, refembling therein the
Crejl or Comb of a Cock, broadeji next to the Stalk,
and narrower or f mailer towards the end. The Flow-
ers grow at the tops of the Stalks, with fome Jhorter
Leaves with them, being hooded as the Red Rattle-
Grafles are ■, but of a fair yellow color in moft, or
elfe in fome paler, and in fome more white : The
Seed is contained in large Husks, zvhich being ripe
will rattle, and make a noife, it lying loofe within
them.

IV. The Jccond has a fmall /lender Root, which
fends forth a few narrow Leaves, of about an Inch
long apiece •, and a Stalk from among them but a lit-
tle more than an hand breadth high , on which grow
many yellow flowers, fet together at the top , as it
were in an Umble or Tuft, jafhioned like the other
with hooded and gaping yellow Flowers, but three
twtes longer than thqfe -, which being pafl away, leave
great broad husks, containing the Seed.

V. The Places. They grow in our Meadows and
Woods generally through the Land •, where they are
rather a Plague and Annoyance to it, than of any
good ufe for Cattel. Gerard fays, that the firlt
grows in dry Meadows and Paftures, and is account-
ed as an unprofitable thing.

VI. The Times. They Flower in June, July, and
Auguft, and the Seed ripens in the mean Seafon.

VII. The Qualities. It is held to be cold and dry,
of an Alterative property, and Peftoral.

VIII. The Specification. It is peculiar againft
Coughs, and Difeafes of the Lungs,

IX. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,

1. A liquid Juice. 1. An EJfence. 3. A Decotfi-
on in Wine or Water. 4. The whole Seed.

The Virtues.

X. The liquid Juice. If it is mixt with Honey,
and put into the Eyes, it takes away Mills, Clouds,
Films, and other things which dim the fight : mixt
with a little finall, or weak Lime Water, it drys
up Rheums in the Eyes, and heals any Sore or Ul-
cer with which they may be afte&ed.

XI. The EJfence. It has the Virtues of the Juice,
befides which, being dulcified with White or Brown
Sugar Candy, it is an excellent thing againft Coughs,
Colds, Hoarfnefs, Wheezings, and Ihortneis of
Breath. Dole a fpoonful or two at a time.

XII. The Decoffion in Wine, or in Bean Broth , or
Water. It may be fweetned with Honey, and then
clarified with Whites of Eggs. It is a good thing
againft Coughs and Colds, caufes eafie Expeflora-
tion } and is a good Collyrium to walh weak, dim,
fore and running Eyes withal, for it admirably clears
the fight.

XIII. The whole Seed. If it is put into the Eyes,
it cures dimnefs of fight from any pure external
Caufe, and removes Mitts, Cloudinefs, Films, Skins,
or Pearls, or any other outward matter which obfuf-
cates the fight.

CHAP. CXLIII.

Of COLEWORT Garden.

I. "p H E Names. It is called in Greek ,

I Attice, Ko^fi/Sn , vel '• It is alfo cal-

led ’AfttSur©-, ( not becaule it drives away drunken-
nefs, but alfo becaufe it is like in color to the Ame-
thyjf , ) which name is intended of the firlt fort of
the following Coleworts In Latin, Brajfica , and by

Chap. 143. lingltjh Herbs.

20 3

the Apothecaries, Caulis : In Englifh,Cole, and Cole-
wort. 1

II. The Kinds. There are two principal Kinds,
viz. t. The Headed Colewort, which is our Common
Cabbage, of which we have at large Treated in
Chap. 103. aforegoing. 2. The not headed , or open
Colemrt , of which there are feveral Species, viz.

1. The Garden Kinds , of which in this Chapter.

2. The Cole-Flower, of which in Cap. 144. 3. The
Wild Kind , of which in Cap. 147. 4. The Sea Cole-
wort, of which in Cap. 146. Of the Garden Kind
there are many Species, as 1. Brajjica vulgaris fat iva.
Our common Garden Colewort. 2. Brajjica fativa
Crifpa , Curled Garden Colewort. 3. Brajjica Ru-
bra, The common Red Colewort. 4* Brajjica Pa-
tula, The open Cabbage Colewort : Of all which
in their order.

III. The Defcriptions. The firfi which is our com-
mon Garden Colewort, has a woody JtrongRoot, with
many Fibres or Strings adjoining to it : From which
Root rife up many broad, thick, fat Leaves, of a
deep black green color, through the middle of which
Leaves runs in each a great Rib, which is thick and
high on the backfide, with many f mailer Ribs or
Branches rifing from that middle Rib, of Reddifh ,
Whitifh, and Afh-colors. The Stalk grows out of
the midft from among thefe Leaves, which fpreads
it f elf forth into feveral Branches , bearing at the
top, f mall yellow Flowers : which Flowers being pafi,
long Cods Jucceed, full of round Seed, like thofe of
the Turnep, but fmaller.

IV. The fecond, or Crifped Kind, has a Root,
Stalk, Flowers , Cods, and feed not much differing
from the former : but the greatefi difference lyes in
the magnitude, this being fomething leffer than the
former •, and in the Leaf, this being divided with
many deep Cuts, even to the middle Rib on both
ftdes, by which means it becomes rough every where
in its edges , and very much Crifped or Curled.

V. The third Kind, is fo like unto the firj } in its

Roots , Stalk , broad, thick, fat Leaves , Flowers, Cod
and Seed, that it would feem to be wholly the fame
individual Species, did not the color make the diffe-
rence, that being of a green color, this of a Red-,
fome of a deep purple, others of a lighter Red, and
fome of a reddifh Green.

VI. The fourth Kind, has a Root fomewhat thick-
flrong, and woody , filled with almoft an innumerable
company of fibres, fome greater, fome fmaller, fome
Jhorter, and fome longer, like in number ds it were
to the hairs of ones head ■, from which Root fprings
up one thick Stalk, having at top thereof a great
thick head of crumpled Leaves : the Leaves are large,
and of a zvhite green color, and fet with thick large
white Ribs : the outermoft of which gather the rejl
of the Leaves clofely together, which are leffer than
thofe next the ground, thefe lye open mofi part of
the Summer, without any feemingnefs to clofe : but
towards the end of the Summer, being grown to have
a great many Leaves, it then feems as if it would
fhut up or clofe together -, but fianding a while at a
Jlay, it on the contrary rather dilates and fpreads
it 7 elf abroad, looking fomething like a thick , hard ,
whitened Colewort, and is indeed nothing elfe.

VII. There are befides thefe, feveral other Species
of edible Colewort s fome Curled, and wholly of a
Green color, fome of divers colors in one Plant, as
White, Yellow, Red, Purple, or Crimfon, lo vari-
ably mixed as to caufe admiration, the Leaves be-
ing curled on the edges like a Ruff, very beautiful
to behold. 2. There is alfo another curPd Colewo/ /-
of lels beauty and refpeft, being but a little curl’d
on the edges, whofe Leaves are white, and edged
with green : or green and edg'd with white.

3. There are two other forts of Colewort s, one of a
Popinjay green color : the other of a fine deep
green, like unto the Savoys. 4. There is the Cole
Rape, which is alfo a Colewort, which bears a white
Head, or headed Stalk above the ground, as large
as a reafonable Turnep, but longer, and from the
top whereof fpring out divers great Leaves, like
unto other Coleworts, among which rife up divers
Stalks, which bear yellow Flowers, and Seed in

D d 2 Pods,

"V III. T be Places. They all of them grow every
where through England, Scotland and Ireland , in
Gardens , being chiefly nurs’d up to fupply the Mar-
kets^ and for the ufe of the Kit chin.

IX. The Times. They all Flower in July , and
their Seed is ripe in the end of Augufi.

X. The Realities. They are temperate in refpeft
to heat or cold, but are faid to be drying in the
firft Degree, and of a binding Faculty : and yet the
Broth of the firlt boiling, fome Authors fay, loolens
the Body ^ the fecond DecoHion ( fay they ) is only
Aftringent. They abound with a certain Nitrous or
Salt Quality, whereby they mightily cleanfe the
Bowels, whether in their Juice or Broth : but the
fubltance of the Coleiwrt is of a drying and binding
Faculty, becaufe in boiling it looles its Saline
Particles, and leaves them in the Deco&ion or
Broth.

XI. The Specification. They are peculiar again!!
Afthma’s, breathing Obftrutted, and fhortnefs of
Breath ^ for being of a cleanfing quality, by taking
away the fuperfiuity of matter in the Lungs, and
other Bowels, they fo open the Paflages, as to
leave the parts for refpiration free and clear.

XII. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
I. A liquid Juice. 2. An EJJence. 5. A Syrup made
with Honey. 4. ALohoch. 5. A Decoffion. 6. A
Collynum. 7. ACataplafm. 8. AJhes of the Stalks.
9. The Seed. 10. A Sallet.

The Virtues.

XIII. The liquid Juice. Pliny fays, that if it is
mixed with Wine, and dropt into the Ears, it is
beneficial againft Deafnefs. Dio/corides fays’, that
if it is mixed with Juice of Flowers de luce and
Nitre, that it will make the Body foluble. The
Juice having fome Nitre dilfolved in it, and ufed

as an Errhine, up the Noftrils, it purges the Head
and Brain, of Cold, Moift, and Pituitous Hu-
mors.

XIV. The EJJence. Being mixed with Wine, and
fo drunk, it helps fuch as are bitten by Vipers or
Adders, or any other Venomous Serpent. It is alfo
good for thofe who have been Poiioned by eating
Venomous Mufhiooms. Dofe three or four onnees
twice a day.

XV. The Syrup made of the Juice with Honey
It is good againft Coughs, Colds, Hoarfnefs, Ihort-
nefs of Breath, and lofs of Voice : and being often
uled, it caufes eafie Expeftoration ; heals the Lungs
and forenefs of the Stomach, and fo is good for
fuch as are entring into a Confumption. Dole two
ounces two or three times a day, in Tent, Mal-
laga, (Sfc .

XVI. The Lohoch, or Elettuary. If it is made
of the Pulp of the Stalks with Honey, it is good
for fuclt as are Ihort winded, and are purfie, breath
difficultly, and have a vehement Cough. You muft
take the middle fleftiy Ribs, boil them in Milk till
they are foft, then take out their Pulp, and fo mix
it with Honey to a Lohoch or Eleftuary.

XVII. The DecoSion. It encreafes Milk in Nur-
fes ; and being drunk, ftrengthens the Nerves and
Joints. And Gerard, fays, that if thofe fores in the
Eyes called Carcinomata , be wafhed therewith, it
heals them, though they could be healed by no
other means. The firtt Decoflion loofens the Bel-
ly, but the fecond binds it : The firft is faid to pro-
voke the Terms, and caufe Conception, but the fe-
cond hinders it. If the Decoftion is made in Cock
Broth, by boiling the Coleworts with the Cock, it
will be a lingular help for fuch as are troubled with
Wind, and Griping Pains in the Stomach and Bel-
ly. The fame Broth, is alfo very good for thofe
who are troubled with Obftruftions of the Liver
and Spleen ; and for fuch as have Stones, Gravel,
Sand, or other Tartarous Matter in the Reins, Ure-
ters, or Bladder. Taken before meat, it is a very
good thing to keep one from Surfeiting, as alfo
from Drunkennefs, though they drink much Wine,
by reftraining and keeping down the Vapors, which
otherwife would afeend up, and intoxicate the
Brain ; and this it will the more effeUually do, if
it is made pleafantly or gratefully ifiaip with Juice
of Lintons. Swoln and Gouty Hands, Knees, Legs,
and Feet, ( into which grofs Humors are protruded
or fallen ) being bathed with Decoftion of Cole-
worts Warm, eafes the Pain, difeuffes the Humor
and takes away the Swelling. The DecoSion ( as
alfo the Juice and EJJence ) cleanfes, dries, and
heals Scabbinefs, old Ulcers, and filthy running
Sores, being often wafhed therewith. And Galen
fays, it cleanfes fo ftrongly, that it will even Cure
the Leprofie.

XVIII. The Collyrium. It is made of the Juice
Effence or Decoftion, by diffolving Honey in the
fame, three ounces of Honey to every Pint. This
being often dropt into the Eyes, it clears the fight
by removing any Cloudinds, Film, or Pearl : it is
helpful againft Inflammations aud Blood-Ihot, and
alfo cures fore and running Eyes.

XIX. The Cataplafm. Made of the Juice or Effence
with Pouder of Fenugreek, and applied, it eafes the
Pains of the Gout, and difcuffes the Tumor : it al-
fo heals filthy running Sores, and old putrid Ul-
cers. If it is made of the Leaves beaten to a Pul-
tice, it prevails againft all forts of Inflammations,
and hot Tumors. If it is made of the Herb or
Juice, made into a Body with Barley Meal or Flow-
er, and a little Common Salt, it is faid to break
Carbuncles, or at leaft fome kind of Tumors, which
much refemble them. If it is made up into’ a Pef-

fary,

Chap.

i

44-

Herb

9S.

2°5

i'ary, and fo put up the Womb, it provoke
Terms,

XX. The Afkes of the Stalks. They are wonder*
fully drying and piercing, fo that they almoft be-
come Cauftick ; being mixed with Hogs Lard, the
mixture is very effetlual to anoint the iides and
Stomach of fuch, who have of a long time been
pained in thofe parts, or in any other place, where
the pain atifes from the oppreflion of the Spleen, or
excefs of the Melancholly Humor, by helping’ to
digeft it, and difcuffing flatulencies.

XXI. The Seed. Being bruifed and drunk, it kills
Worms, as Galen fays : it alfo takes away freckles
of the Face, and other parts of the Skin, Sunburn-
ings, Tanning, Scurf, Morphew, and other Defor-
mities thereof Athena us alfo lays, that it takes
away Drunkennefs.

XXII. The Sallet. The fourth fort eaten raw, be-
ing chopt fmall, and drefs’d up with Vinegar, Oil
Salt, and Muftard, ftrengthen the Stomach, ’caufe
a good Appetite, preferve from Drunkennefs, and
caufe a good Digeftion. The firft kind, or any of
the reft, being boiled with Meat till they are foft,
then chopt fmall, and drefs’d up with melted But-
ter, Vinegar and Salt, become an admirable Sallet
for fuch as have weak Stomachs, or are going into
a Confumption, have dim Eyes, are affefted with
the Spleen, Flatulencies or Melancholly, or are trou-
bled with Tremblings of the Limbs, or the Palfie.
The Ancient Romans thought them to be effeflual
againft all Difeafes of the Body, whether Inward or
Outward, for which teafon Chryfippus wrote a whole
Volume of their Virtues, applying them to all parts
of the Body. And that the Senate of Rome having
expell’d all the Phylicians out of their Territories
for the fpace of fix hundred Years, did for all that
length of time, preferve and maintain their health
againft the affaults of all Difeafes, by the only ufe
ofthele Plants.

worts. Thefe Hovers have a much pleafanter talk
than either Coleworts or Cabbages of any kmi and
therefore are the more Valuable ar for Food. ’

\f lowers

CHAP. CXLIW
Of COLE-FLOWER.

I' '“P H E Names. I cannot find that this Plant
X was ever known to the Greeks ; for which
reafon it has no Greek name : or yet that the An-
cient Romans had any knowledge thereof : but our
Modern Authors call it in Latin , Braffica florid,
Caulis, florida, Cauli flora, Braffica Cypria, in Engtifh
Cole Flowers, and Colic-Flowers. ’

II. The Kinds It is a lingular Plant, but is cer-
tainly one of the Kinds of Coleworts : and that Spe-
cies, which Pliny lib. 19. cap. 8. calls Braffica Pom -
peiana.

III. The Defcription. It hoe a Root fpread out
into feveral pretty thick Branches, which are full of
Fibres or Strings , from which faring forth divers
large Leaves, which are large , of a mhitifh green co-
lor ; very like to Cabbage Leaves, /lightly indented
about the edges, yet f mailer, narrower fomemhat and
Jharper pointed than thofe of Cabbage ; In the midi}
of which Leaves, fometimes m the beginning of Au-
tumn, and fometimes fooner , there rtfes up a great
white Head of white hard Flowers clofely thru ft to-
gether, feme, imes they are of a Milk, or Cream, or
yellowifh white color : thefe never open or fpread
much with us, and are then fittefl for the Table, the
green Leaves being cut away clofe to the Head: tn
all the other parts, the Plant is like to the Cole-

IV. T&? Places. They grow in moft parts of Eu-
rope but very plentifully in England, Scotland and
ody nourilhed up in Gardens.

• j* ■/. Eolle-floz^er muft be planted
n^/maBed ofhot Horfe-dung, and covered

01 thC ^ t0 keeP !t from cold and
frofty Mornings 5 and having gotten about fix
Leaves, then it is to be removed into the place
where you defign it fliall grow. The Flowers are
ln “ “Oft °f the Summer Months.

VI. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations and
rtrtues are the fame with Cabbages and Coleworts
of which we have already fpoken in Cap. tot. and’
I|5- aforegoing, to which you are referred : onlv
take this Note, That for the Table and Food this
is much the more excellent and noble Plant. Note
alfo That being boiled in Milk, and then eaten
with Sweet frelh Butter, and Salt, and Juice of Li-
mons, they have been found to reftore admirably in

CHAP. CXLV.

Of COLEWORT Wild.

and in

L'T' HE Barnes. It is called in Greek
-- J? fat in, Braffica Sylvejlris

Englifh , Wild. Colewort.

U; Ir is a lingular Plant, and the fe-

c°m V?eSr^ Eoleworts^ being the Wild Kind.

111. The Defctiption. It has a Root pretty thick
Jpread into fome Branches , with feveral Fibres ad *
joining , white , hard , and fomewhat woody from
whence rfe up feveral Leaves , and one principal
otalk. I be Leaves are long and broad , not much

unlike

Salmons Herbal.

Lib. 1.

II. The Kinds.. It is thelaftofthe principal forts
of Co/emrts , and a Angular Plant of the Kind.

unlike the common Garden Colewort leaf in (hope, |3E« Marina Monofpermos , Brajftca Manna Anglic,
fah/iance , and color, hut that they are left, ( as k | Gerynh: In Eng/tjh, Sea Colewort.
nlj'o the whole Plant ) being greyifh , long, roundijh
heaves, much gafhed or lorn on the edges. Among
thefe ground Leaves rifes up the /aid Stalk, bearing
J'uch like, but f mailer Leaves, which isfpread forth
into divers Branches : at the tops of which Branch-
es, grow Jmall yellow F lowers, which being pafi a-
Way, they are Jiic seeded by Jmall rough Pods, which
contain within them Jmall round Seed. This Plant
■is of its own nature Wild , and therefore not ufed as
Pood, or fought after for that purpofe.

IV. The Places. It grows in moft parts of Eng-
land in open Fields, and new digged Ditch Banks,
and fuch other like Grounds : and is in fome pla-
ces Husbanded and Sown for the Seed fake, which
is many times very gainful.

V. The Times. It may be Sown in the Spring
time, as in March and April, and fometimes in
May. It Flowers in July, and the Seed is ripe in
Augufl or September.

VI. The Vitalities, Specification, Preparations and
Virtues , are the fame with thofe of the Garden
Colewort : ( except in the matter of eating them as
Food, which is wholly forborn : ) and for any Met
dicinal Ufe, whether internal or external : The
Wild is much to be preferred, as being much ftrong-
er, and fo more powerful to all the purpofes and
intentions, the Garden are faid to be good for, or

CHAP. CXLVI.

JTa CoLzivorf ,

III. The Defcription. It has a Root fomewhat
Great , fhooting forth many Branches under ground, .
having many Fibres alfo adjoined, and keeping its
Leaves green all the Winter. Prom this Root rife
up feveral fomewhat broad and large, thick wrinkled
Leaves, and as it were curled about the edges, grow-
ing each upon a feveral thick Footfialk, very eafie
to be broken, and fo tender, that they can fcarcely
be handled without breaking, of a ‘■greyifh green co-
lor ■, from among which rifes up a (Irong thick Stalk,
two feet or more high Cubits, fays Gerard, with
fome Leaves thereon, up to the top, where it branch-
es much out ■, on every Branch ftands a large Bufh
of pale whitifh Flowers , confifting of four Leaves a-
piece, which being paft away, fmall roundijh, or
thick and fhort Pods come forth, containing each but
one roundijh , greyifh Seed apiece , of the bignefs of a
Tare, or Vetch , and much greater than Soldanella,
or Sea Bindweed, to which Plant this Sea Colewort
is not in the leaft meafure akin though fome Au-
thors have miftaken the former, viz. Soldanella,^/'
this latter.

IV. The Places. It grows in many places upon
the Coaft of England, as well on the Kentifh as Ef-
fex Jhore -, at Lidde in Kent, and at Colchefier in
Effex : Gerard fays it grows Naturally upon the
Bayche and Shores of the Sea, where there is no
Earth to be feen but Sand, and Rouling Pebble
Stones, which they who grow near the Sea, call,
Bayche : he found it growing between Whit ft able,
and the Ifle of Thanet , near the Brink of the Sea, and
in many places near to Cochefter, and in other places
by the Sea fide.

V. The Times. It Flowers in the end of June,
and all July, and the Seed is ripe towards the end
of Augufl.

VI. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and
Virtues, are the fame with thofe of the Garden
Colewort, ( except thofe various Preparations and
Ufes of them for Food ) but in all the cafes there
mentioned, this is the ftronger, and more effica-
cious.

VII. Note i. The Dccottion of the Sea Colewort,

fome Authors fay ) doth by its bitter Quality, and

larp Nitrous Particles, open the Belly, and purge

the Body ^ but as Galen thinks,' not without fome
hurt or damage thereto, becaufe it differs much
from the Temperature of our Bodies, being hotter
and drier than the Garden Kinds : For as all other

Wild

Chap. 147. ‘English Herbs. 20 j

Wild Herbs are more potent or ftronger in their
Operations, fo alfo this ; for which reafon it di-
gefts and cleanfes more powerfully than the others
do. _

VIII. Note 2. The young Leaves boiled in Lye
of Pot-Afhes, ( as Diofcorides fays, ) or in Fair Wa-
ter ( as is moil ufuai in our times ) are eaten as
other Coleworts are, by ieveral poor People near
the Sea, the boiling taking away much of the bit-
ternefs thereof.

IX. Note 3. The young Leaves, or their Juice,
applied to Sores or Ulcers, cleanfes and heals them,
dilfolves Tumors, or Swellings, and takes away In-
flammations.

CHAP. CXLVII.

Of C O L T S-F O O T.

I. H E Nantes. It is called in Greek , alfo

J- XcipaiMVKti ■ In Latin JTujfilago -, but by the A-
pothecaries, Farfara , and XJngula Caballina , of fome
Populago , ( from its likenefs to the Vopzlar Leaves -, )
Farranum , and Earrugium Plinij of divers Tala
Equina , alfo Be chi urn, Chamdeuce , ( from the Poplar
Tree , called in Greek , Nwm h ) In Englifl '), Colts-foot ,
Pole-foot , and Horfe hoof : Gerard fays, it may very
well be called Cough Wort .

II. The Kinds. Camerarius makes three forts of
Bechium , or Tujfilago , viz. 1 . The True , which we
intend in this Chapter. 2. The Petafites , of which
we have treated before in Cap. 100. and the Caltha
Palujiris , or Mar fit Marigold , which he calls Tuf-
filago major , but is indeed no Colts-foot , and of
which we fhall treat in Cap. . folowing. The
true Coltsfoot is either European or American , the
Defcriptions of both which we defign here. The
American is called Calcalia Americana .

III. The Defcriptions. The Englilh, or European
Kind , has a Root Jmall and white , fprcading very
much in the ground, fo that where it once takes, the
ground is very difficultly, c/eanfed from it again •, for
if any little piece or bit of it remains therein, it will
from it fpring forth afrefh. From th'd Root J. lender
naked Stalks fhoot up very early in the beginning of
March or April, about a fpan long, bearing at their
tops fmall yellow Flowers, which quickly fade away,
and after they are pa ft. Leaves broad and fomewhat
roundifh come up, yet fometim.es a little dented about
the edges, much leffer, thicker, and greener than
thofe oj Butter Burr, with a little downy hoarinefs,
over the upper fide of the green Leaf which may be
rubbed away, and whitifh or mealy underneath the
Leaf

IV. The American has a Root which conffts of a
Bufh of blackijh Threads or Fibres , ( which abide
the hardnefs of the Winter, both the Stalks and
Leaves perifhing yearly, ) but grow brownifh at the
end : From this Root rife up many round Stalks
about a foot and half high, and two broad , and fame-*
what round, but pointed Leaves, a little dented about
the edges, at each Joint of them the upper Leaves
being fmaller, and little or nothing dented : at the
tops of the Stalks come forth fever al Branches with
many pure white Flowers, being but fmall, and made
of five Leaves apiece , rifing out of each husk, which
being paft, there fucceeds fmall long Seed, flicking
each to a little Downc, which are carried away toge-
ther with the Wind : The whole Plant has little or
no Smell, neither Root, Leaf nor Flower, whatfoever
Cornutus fays to the contrary.

V. The Places. It, viz. the firft, ufually grows
in wet grounds, as alfo in dryer places : It is found
likewife near unto Springs, and on the brinks of
Brooks and Rivers, m wet Furrows, by Ditch fides,
and in Ditches, and in other moilt and watry places
near unto the Sea, almoft every where.^ The latter
grows in America, in many places of Canada, New

208

Salmon s Herbal.

Lib. L

England, New York, New JerJey , Penfylvania, Vir-
ginia, and Carolina, in which laft place I have found
it feveral times, travelling through moift, wet, and
Moorilh places.

VI. The Times. The firft begins to Flower in
the end of February, or beginning of March, and
the Leaves appear about the middle or latter end
of March, when the Flowers are all gone, and re-
main green all the Summer long -, and for this
caule it has been thought that Coltsfoot had never
born Flowers, as Pliny lib. 2 6. cap. 6. has hinted.

VII. The Qualities. They are cold and dry in the
firft Degree ^ Apperitive, Aftringent, Traumatick or
Vulnerary, PeHoral, and Analeptick.

VIII. The Specification. They are peculiar againft
Coughs, and Difeafes of the Lungs.

IX. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
1. A liquid Juice. 2. An E (fence. 3. A Syrup.
4. A Decoition. 5. ACataplafm. 6. Dryed Leaves.
7. A Difiilled Water. 8. Tinder.

The Virtues.

X. The liquid Juice. Taken alone, or fweetned
with Sugar or Honey, it is prevalent againft Coughs,
Colds, Wheezing, Hoarfnefs, and other Diftempers
of the Lungs. Dofe from one to three ounces, Morn-
ing and Night at Bed time ; and at other times of
the Day, if the Cough is vehement.

XI. The E (fence. It lias all the Virtues of the
Juice, but more powerful ^ befides which, it is An-
gularly good to cure Ulcers of the Lungs, and Sto-
mach, as alfo the Bloody Flux, and Ulcers of the
Bowels ^ it flops thin Rheums and Diftillations, or
Catarrhs, and helps in Confumptions. Dofe from
one ounce to three, two or three times a day, either
alone, or mixed with the Diftilled Water.

XII. The Syrup. It cures Coughs, chiefly dry
Coughs ; but has an Influence againft all Diftem-
pers of the Breaft and Lungs, being often taken,
even by fpoonfuls, as alfo with a Liquorice flick.

XIII. The Decottion. If it is made of the green
Leaves and Roots, it cures a Cough proceeding from
a thin Rheum, and helps Hoarfnefs, you may fweeten
it with Sugar or Honey.

XIV. The Cataplafm of the green Leaves. If it is
made alone, ©r with Honey, it is good to abate hot
Inflammations, and Anthonies fire, and to cure 0-
ther hot excretions of the Skin and being applied
it is good to heal Ulcers, and other old and run-
ning Sores.

XV. The Dryed Leaves. Taken as Tobacco,
they are good for thin Rheums, Diftillations and
Coughs : fo alfo the Root taken in like fort, as
Diof corides and Galen fay : viz. the Fumes of it,
taken ( from burning Coles) into the Mouth thro5
a Funnel as alfo the Fumes of the Leaves fo taken
( for I fuppofe the Ancients knew nothing of To-
bacco Pipes, that being a Modern invention ^ ) they
effeftually help fuc-h as are troubled with ftiortnefs
of Breath, and draw their Breath thick and often.
The Fumes alfo ripen and break Apoftems of the
Thorax and Lungs, and that without any danger.

XVI. The Difiilled Water. Uled limply of it
felf, or mixed with Elder-flowers and Nightfhade ,
it is a Lingular remedy againft all hot Agues, to
drink two ounces at a time, and to have Cloths
wet therein, and to be applied to the Head and
Stomach. The fame applied to hot Swellings, or
any Inflammation, does much good, and prevails
againft Burnings and Scaldings, and Anthonies fire.

It is Lingular good alfo to take away red Pimples,
Wheals, and other fmall eruptions of the Skin’
which arife through heat ^ and is profitable againft
the inflammation of the Piles, and burning heat of
the Privy Parts, cloths being wet therein and applied.

XVII. The Tinder. It is made, as Mattbiolu?
fays, of the Cotton or white Wool, which grows
in fome parts of the Root -, the faid Cotton being
cleanfed from the Roots, and bound up hard in Li-
nen Cloths, and boiled in Lye for a while ; therl*
adding fome Salt-petre to it, it is to be dried in the
Sun. This, fays Parkinfon, is the belt Tinder to
take Fire that can be, being (truck from a Flint.
Applied to moift Ulcers, it dries up their Humidities.

CHAP. CXLVIII.

Of COLUMBINE.

l-'TfHE Names. It is faid to be called in Greek,
-i- nofi©-, as Coftaus thinks from Theophrajh/s]
lib. 6. cap. fi. and yet fome think the Greeks knew
nothing at all of it : Dalechampius upon Athemeus,
calls it, A/o(7aV0©*, Diojanthos, i, e. Flos Jovis. Fa-
bius Columna, in his Phytoba/anos, to whom Clufius.
gives the greateft approbation, refers it to the
'IcZ'xv&v, Ifopyrum Diojcoridk. In Latin, it is cal-
led, Aquileia, Aquihna, Aquilegia, Aquilegia Rcfea '
Aquilegia Stellata , Leontofiomum Gefneri, Herbd
Leonis : and in Englijh, Columbine.

II. The Kinds. Authors defcribe many Kinds
hereof, but thole which we fhall treat qf, are thefe
frven following: 1. AquilegiaVulgaris fiore fimphci.
The Common Single Columbine. 2. Aquilegia Vul-
garis fiore pleno. Common Double Columbine.
3. Aquilegia inverfis Corniculis, Double inverted
Columbines. 4. Aquilegia Rojea, The Rofe Co-
lumbine. 5. Aquilegia Degener, The Degenerate
Columbine. 6.Thalittrum vel Thalietrum Hifpa-
nicum album & purpureum. Pitta Palufiris , Rut a
Pratenfis, Pfeudorhabarbarum, Tufted Columbines,
White and Purple. 7. Aquilegia Virginiana fiore ru-
bejfente prxcox. The early red Columbine of Virgi-
nia.

Chap. 148. TLngliJh Herbs. 209

ny fmall fibres, abiding many Tears ; and. from the
round Heads of the Roots which abide all the Win-
ter, Jhootmg forth afrefh every Spring, both Leaves
and Stalks. The Leaves' are divers , and large
Spread, funding on long Footjlalks, every one divi-
ded into feveral parts, and round/y indented about
the edges, in color of a blewifh green, and not much
unlike to the Great Celandine. The Stalks rife up
fomcthnes two or three feet high , reddifh , and fligbt-
!y haired, which ufually Spread themSelves into ma-
ny Branches, bearing one long divided Leaf at the
lower Joint, above which the flowers grow, every
one funding on a long Footfialk, conffing of dive
hollow Leaves , crooked or horned at the ends , turn-
ing backward, the Flower is open, Jhewing almofl
like to little Birds ( Jays Gerard) and hollow. The
variety of their colors are very much , for fonie are
■wholly white, fome blew, fame of a violet color , others
of a blujh or flefh color ; fome of a deep Red, fome
of a pale Red, fome of a dead Fur pie, or dead Mur-
ry, and fome of mixt colors, as nature is pleafed to
exert her powers, all which to diflinguijh feverally
would be to little purpofe, they being fo commonly
known. The Flowers being pafi, fmall long Cods
appear , four or jive together, in which are contained
finall black, and glittering or f lining Seed.

I many other of the Double forts. Thefe Double Kinds
do give as good Seed as the Single Kinds, which
thing is not obferved in many other Flants.

CbT/imbino
/fian/fl/d
cloill/e .

IV. Double Columbine has a Root like the for-
mer, and di ffers not in Leaf or manner of growing
from the Single •, fo that until they come to flower,
they cannot be d jeerned one from another the only
or chief difference is, that this bears very thick and
double flowers, that is, many horned or crooked hol-
low Leaves fet together, which Leaves are not fo
large as the Leaves of the flngle flowers. The va-
ricty of colors in this Double Kind is as great or
■plentiful, or rather more than in the Single, for oj
thofe there are party-colored blew, and white, and
J 'pot ted variably, which are not in the Single Kind,
as a/Jo a very deep Red, very thick and double, but
afmaller flower, and lefs plentiful in bearing, than

Columbine: \d.oubU jloiv
inirersed.

V. The third, or Double Inverted Columbine, is
not to be differenced either in Roots, Stalks , Leaves
or Seed from the former, but only in the Flowers
which makes the chief DiftinHion : thefe are as dou-
ble as the former, but the Heels or Horns of thefe
are turned Inwards, and Jland out in the middleJof
the Flowers together : neither is there that plenti-
ful variety of colors in this Kind, which is in the
former , there being never above three or four colors
feen in this fort, to wit. White , Furplijh, Reddifh
and a Dun, or dark overworn purplijh color. Thefe
double Flowers being pad away, there come in their
places fmall long Cods like the former, bearing Seed,
continuing its kind, and not changing into any of the
former.

VI. The fourth, or Role Columbine, in its Roots,
Stalks, and Leaves differs little or nothing from the
former Columbines ; the chief difference confffs in
the Flowers, which although they Jland in the fame
manner feverally upon their fmall Footflalks, but
fomewhat more Sparingly than the others do, yet they
have no heels or horns , either inward or outwarf
or very feldom ; but Jland fmetimes with eight or
ten fmall, fmooth, plain Leaves, fet in order one by
one, as in a Compafs, in a double row, and Sometimes
with four or five rows of them, eveiy one diretfly
before the other, like unto a fmall thick double Rofe
laid open , or 'afpread Marigold : but fmetimes it
happens, that fome of thefe Flowers will have two
or three of the jirjt rows of Leaves , without any
heel ; and the reft which are inwards, each of them
with apiece of a fmall heel or horn at them, as the
former have. The colors of thefe Flowers are al-
mofl as variable, and as Variably mixt, as the for-
mer double kinds. This alfo gives its Seed, which
for the mojl part preferves its own kind in perfe-
U'ton.

E e VII. The

I

2io Salmon j* Herbal. Lib. I

VII. The filth or Degenerate Columbine holds the
proper jorm oj a Columbine, being much like to the
Double Rofe kind , but that the outwardmoft row oj
Leaves are larger than any of the reft inwards , and
is of a greenifh , or of a purplifh green color , which
is not altogether Jo apt to give good Seed like the
former. '1 his kind of Columbine might feem to fome
to be but a cajual Degeneration, and no true natural
kind , happening by fome caufe of Tranf planting,
or other wife by Art •, but finding it to hold and keep
its own proper Species , ( being raffed from its own
Seed ) and not varioufly to change into other forms,
1 am obliged, 1 think, to conclude the contrary.

\ III. The fixth, or Spanilh Tufted Columbine,
hew a Root m ule of many long yellow Branches and
Str ings, zohich endure many Tears, and encreafe much.
Theje Plants ( whether white or purple ) have both
one form in Roots, Stalks, Leaves, and Flowers, and
therefore need but one Deffcription : The Leaves are
both for color and form, Jo like unto Columbine ,
Leaves ( tho ’ lefjcr and darker, yet more fpread, i
and on larger Stalks ) that they may eafily deceive
one, that does not conjideratcly obferve them. For
tW Leaves are much more divided, and in ffmaller
parts, and not fo round at the ends. The Stalks
are round, prong, and a yard high at leaf, branch-
ing out into two or three parts, with Leaves at their
fever al Joints at the tops whereof Rand many Flow-
ers, zohich are nothing but a number of Threads,
made like unto a fmall round Tuft, breaking out oj
a white Skin or Leaf, which inclofes them, and which
being unblown, appear like unto little Buttons. The
color of thefe Threads or Tufts are whitifh, with
yellow Tips oh them, and fomewhat purplifh at bot-
tom, having a flrong, but no good or pie af ant Smell.
They abide in their Beauty ( more efpe dally if they
grow in the fhade, and not too hot in the Sun ) a
great while, and then fall away like fhort Down, or
Threads : The Seed Vejfels are three fquare, con-
taining fmall, lug, and round Seed. The purple
Tuhed Columbine differs only from the white , in
that it is not full out fo high, nor fo large, and that
the color of the flowers or Tufts, is a blewifh purple,
with yellow Tips, and is much more rare than the
white.

IX. The feventh, or Virginian Columbine, has a
Root long, with many Fibres thereat, but differs lit-
tle from our common fmgle fort, except in the fol-
lowing particulars. The Stalk ( Cornutus makes to
be a Dwarf, but ) is as tall as cur common Englifh, and
if a reddifh color. The Leaves are f mailer, and fome-
what like to thofe of the Thali&rum lap deferibed, or
Meadow Rue, but cf a paler green color. The Flow-
ers are cf a fad reddifh color, and fmgle from the
middle of them to the ends -, but yellowifh from
then c to the bottom the ends of whofe Leaves are
Hi t blunt, as in ours, but f iff, rough, and pointed,
within which horned Leaves there are five other
ft nailer, and of a reddifh color alfo, their points bend-
ing downwards, having many fmall white Threads
in the muffle tipt with yellozv -, after which come
five pointed or horned Seed Vejfels, containing within
them black Jhining Seed.

X. I he Places. They all grow with us in our
Gardens., as Garden Flowers: but Clufius lays, that
the Angle Kinds have been often found on fome of
the Woody Mountains in Germany. The leventh
Kind is a Native of Virginia, and was brought to
us from thence by John Tradefcant.

XI. The Tones. They moft of them flower not
until May, and for the moft part of June, and (as
Gerard \ ays) in July, their Seed ripening in the
mean time. The Aquilegia Virginiana, or Virginian
Kind, flowers fomewhat earlier than any of the
other Kinds, ufually fooner by a Month.

XII. The Vitalities. They are Temperate in re-
fpeft of Heat or Coldnefs, Drynefs or Moifture :
Aperitive, Abfterfive, and Aftringent ^ Hepatick,Ne-
phritick, and Hyfterick, Alterative, Vulnerary, and
Lithontriptick.

XIII. The Specification. It facilitates the Delive-
ry of Women in Child-bed.

XIV. The Preparations. You may have, i. A li-
quid Juice from the Herb and Root. 2. An Effence
from the fame. 3. A Decoftion in Wine. 4. A Lo-
tion. 5. A Louder of the Seed. 6. The Root of
the Common Kinds. 7. The Root of the Tufted
Kind.

The Virtues.

XV. The liquid Juice. Mixed with Milk and
Honey, it is good to heal fore Mouths : and taken
four or fix fpoonfuls at a time in White Port Wine
Morning and Night, it opens Obftru&ions of the
Liver, and prevails againft the Jaundice.

XVI. The Effence. It has more potently the Vir-
tues of the Liquid Juice, befides it is of excellent
ufe to heal old running Sores, and putrid Ulcers :
and being taken for fome time, it is an admirable
tiling againft Obftru&ions of the Reins and Blad-
der.

XVII. The Decoftion of the Herb and Root in
Wine. This being perfumed with fome Grains of
Ambergrife, is good againft thofe Swoonings, which
the Greeks c all dJ'uva.fict as alfo to open the Ob-
ftruftions of the Liver, Reins, and Womb.

XVIII. The Lotion. It is made of the Leaves
boiled in Milk or Poflet-drink, and fweetned a lit-
tle with Honey * it is good againft the forenefs of
the Throat, alfo prevails againft the Inflammation
Swelling, Falling and Excoriation of the Uvula \
Cankers in the Mouth and Gums, and other moift
and running Sores in thofe parts * all which it heals
by Virtue of its drying and binding Quality.

XIX. The Louder of the Seed. Given to one dram
in Wine, with ten grains of Saffron, it opens the
Obftruftions of the Liver, and helps againft the yel-
low Jaundice, as Tragus fays, but he advifes that
the Patient after taking of it fhould be laid in a
warm Bed, and made to Sweat well thereupon
Clufius fays, that a Phyfician in Bruges gave it to
Women in Travel ( in a Glafs of Wine ) to caufe
fpeedy Delivery, repeating it two or three times, as
need required.

XX. The Roots of the Common Kinds. Camerari-
us fays, that in Spain they eat the Root for many
days together, to help fuch as were troubled with
the Stone in the Reins.

XXI. The Roots of the Tufted Kind. They are
faid to have the Virtues of Rhubarb, by reafon that
( befides their being yellow ) they have an opening
and drying Quality, as Rhubarb has. They are good
( as Diofcorides lays ) to cleanfe and dry old Ul-
cers, and to heal them. Camerarius fays, that in
Italy they are ufed againft the Plague ; and in Saxony
againft the Jaundice.

CHAP. CXLIX.

Of C O M F R E Y.

I. ' I'1' HE Names. It is called in Greek, 2e
X iC) a facultate Glutinandi : alfo n»n-

Tif, k, UmitIv, as Diofcorides faith : In Latin, Sym-
phytum, Symphitum , Confolida, Confolida major and

’J*.

21 1

TLmlitb Bed

Comfrey with Purple Flowers.

Tuberous

Qbttrjrey

/ third Kind, has a large Tuberous or Km

bed Root which Branches it f elf out into other Thi
and Tuberous parts, more Tuberous or Knobbed i
wards their ends, with fever al Fibres adjoining, bla,
on. ,e outjjde, and yel/owijh within, replenish,
withfuoh Vifcous, Glutinous or Clammy Juice as t,
others, but not altogether fo flinty : The Roots a.
u asJen, art(d eafie to be broken, or more eaj
than the others , and fpre ad themf elves under grout
in like manner . Front this Root rifles tip a hair
crefied, or cornered Stalk, not fo high as the forme
with f mailer heaves, and more thinly Jet tbereo,
Ee 2

by fome Solidago, Of coco! Ion (a Bone Soderer ) and by
Seri bon ius Largus, Inula Rujlica : and in Eng/ifh,
Comfrey.

II. The Kinds. Authors make feveral forts of
Comfrey ■, but the three following are only, or chief1
ly to be had in England, viz. i. Symphttum majrn
vulgar e, Our Common Great Comfrey. 2. Symphi-
tum majtis fore pur pur eo. Our Great Comfrey with
purple flowers. 3. Symphitum Tubcrcfum, Tuber-
ous Comfrey, or Comfrey with knobbed Roots

Ilf The Defcnptions. The flrji of theje has Root s
which are large and long, great and thick , and Thread-
ingit Jelf out into great, long,, and thick Branch,
under ground, black on the out fide, and whitijh
within, Jhort and eafie to break, and full of a Glu-
tinous or Clammy Juice, having little 'or no tajfe in
it. Front this Root fprings forth divers very large
and hairy dark green Leaves, lying on the ground
Jo hairy or prickly, that if they touch any tender
part of the Hand or Face, or other part of the Skin
it will caufe it to itch or tingle. From among, theje
Leaves rifles up a Stalk, two or three feet high,
hollow and cornered, which is a/fo very hairy, ha-
ving many fluch like Leaves on it as grow below, but
lejfer and leffer up to the top, which are long, rough
pretty broad, and fharp pointed. At the Joints of
the Stalks, it is divided into many Branches with
Jome Leaves thereon * and at the ends Jiand many
Flowers in order, one before, or above another, which
are fome thing long and hollow, like the finger of a
Glove, of a pale wbitijh color, after which comes fmalt
black Seed.

IV. The fecond Kind in its Roots, Leaves , Stalks,
Flowers, and manner of growing, is altogether like
the former •, and differs from it only in this, that
as to the whole body of the Plant, it is fomewhat
lejs : and as to the Flowers, that thefe are of a pale
purple color.

Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. I.

of the fume form, and greennefs, that thereby it may
at the firft fight be known to be a Comfrey, by any
who has well obferved the Common Kind but more
especially when the top Branches are in Flower -,
which being placed after the fame manner, ana. oj
the fame hollow fafhion, but f mailer , are of a m°re
ladyellowifh color-, whofe Seed following is a/Jo like
the Seed of the other Kinds. The Stalks and. Leaves
Dye away, or perifh every Tear, as they do in t e
others, the Roots abiding and increafing in the tarth,
and fhooting forth new Stalks and Leaves every
Spring. Some make a leffer Species of this 1 liber-
als Kind, which if there is any fuch thing, I am
apt to believe, arifes only from the differing good-
nefs of the Soil a fat and rich Soil making or pro-
ducing a larger Riant than that can do which is poor
and lean. ,

VI. The Rlaces. The two firft grow by Ditches
and Water fides, and in divers low, fat, and moilt
Fields, Orchards and Grounds ^ for in fuch they
chiefly delight to grow : The firft is found general-
ly through all England •, The fecond but in fom
particular places : The third grows with us only in
Gardens , but is found Wild in Woods and moilt
places in Auftria, Hungary, and Germany.

VII. The Times. They Flower in June and July,
and perfect their Seed in Auguf. There are lev e-
ral of the Confolida s, which have their different
times of their flowering and feeding, as, i. The
Symphitum, or Confolida Retraa, of which Diof co-
rides fpeaks. 2. Confolida Sarafenica , Saracens Con-
found. 3. Confohda Media , Bugle, or Middle Con-
found. 4. Confolida minor, Rrunella, or Self-heal.

5. Confohda Media, vel Beilis major Vulgaris, The
Great White Wild Daifie. 6. Conf Ida minor vel
Minima, Beilis minor Sylveftris , The Common Small
Field Daifie. But as thefe are all of them different
Plants, and not a Species of one and the lame Genus,
nor properly any of the Comfrey s, fo we (hall fay no-
thing of them here, but to avoid Confufion treat of
them in their feveral and refpe£tive Chapters ; our
intention being in this Chapter, to treat of that Plant,
which we properly call Comfrey, and the Latins, Sym-
phitum mu jus , which is of feveral forts, as are before
defcribed. .

VIII. The Vitalities. It is cold and dry in the
firft Degree : Aftringent, Anodyn, Repercuffive and
Vulnerary : Neurotick, Peftoral, and Arthritick ;
Alterative, Anriemmenagogick, and Analeptick.

IX. The Specification. It is of a Clammy and
Glewing Nature, and is peculiar againft Fuxes of
Blood, of what kind foever, whether internal or
external.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
1. A Juice of the Leaves and Roots. 2. An Ef-
fence of the fame. 3- A Syrup of the Juice of the
Root. 4. A Deco ft ion of the Root. 5. A Rouder
of the Root. 6. A Baljam of the Root. 7. A Cata-
plafm of the Root. 8. A Diftilled Water. 9. An
Acid Aqueous Tinfture.

The Virtues.

XI. The Juice of Leaves or Roots. Camer arius lays,
that two ounces of it being drank at a time, does
much good in the Lethargy, and Dead Sleep : it is
drying and binding in a great meafure, and is good
for fuch as fpit Blood, bleed at Mouth, or make a
bloody Urine : yet it opens Obftru&ions of the
Lungs, and caufes ealie Expectoration.

XII. TbeEJfence. It has all the former Virtues, but
is much more effectual to ftop any Flux of Blood,
in any part whatfoever. It prevails againft all in-
ward hurts, bruifes and wounds, cleanles Ulcers of
the Lungs, drys and heals them j and being taken
Daily, Morning and Evening, it prevails againft Ca-

tarrhs, and flops the defluxion of Rheum from the
Head upon the Lungs ^ fluxes of Blood, or Humors
by the Belly, and the immoderate or overflowing
of the Courfes in Women : It flops alfo the over-
flowing of the Whites 5 and ( univerfals being pre-
mifed ) it cures a Gonorrhea, or Running of the
Reins in Men , coming from what caufe foever.
Dofe two or three ounces in Red Port Wine.

XIII. The Syrup of the Juice of the Root. It has
the Virtues of the Elfence, but caufes a better and
more ealie ExpeCforation out of the Lungs * is good
againft Coughs and Colds, Wheelings, and other
like Diftempers of thofe Parts. It is faid to be
good for fuch as have broken Bones, becaule it ha-
Itens the breeding of the Callous -, and for the fame
Reafon, it is faid alfo to be good to cure Ruptures
in Children. It is fo powerful to Confolidate or
Knit together, whatfoever needs knitting, that if
the Roots be boiled with flelh cut into pieces, or
rery deeply llalh’d, in a Pot, they will join them
together again.

XIV. The Decoftion in Wine or Water. It is
good againft inward Bruifes and Wounds, inward
Bleeding, Spitting, Vomiting, or Pilling Blood, as
alfo the Bloody or Hepatick Flux -, and has indeed
all the Virtues of the Juice, Elfence and Syrup,

( but not full out fo effectual as they are ) be' lg
drank to fix or eight ounces, Morning, Noon, and
Night. It is alf© good to cleanfe, dry, and heal
external Wounds, Ulcers, and Running Sores, they
being walhed therewith once or twice a day.

XV. The Rouder of the Root. Being taken in-
wardly to one dram in a little of the Syrup, it flops
inward bleeding, heals Wounds in the Stomach and
Thorax, as alio Ulcers in the Lungs. If it is ap-
plied to green Wounds, as foon as the Wound is
made, it conglutinates or joins the Lips thereof to-
gether, and caufes it fpeeaily to be healed : mixed
with the Syrup, and applied to the Hemorrhoids or
Piles, it cools the Inflammation, and reprelfes their
over much bleeding, and allays the heat of the
Parts adjacent, taking away, and eafing all the
pain.

XVI. The halfam of the Juice of the Root. It is
a Angular Vulnerary, and cures Ample green Wounds,
generally at one drefling. It is digeftive, and clean-
ling, and dries up and heals running Sores, and old
Ulcers, in any part of the Body, but chiefly in thofe
parts which are not depending * refilling Gangrenes,
Mortifications, Cfc.

XVII. The Cataplafm of the Root. If it is made
of the Ample Root, beaten into a Mucilage raw,
and then fpread upon Leather or Linnen Cloth, and
applied to parts pained with the Gout -, it gives
prefent eafe to the pain, and fo admirably ftreng-
thens the part, as that the Dileafe never returns
any more from the old Caufe * and this I have fe-
veral times proved. If it is made of the Root boil-
ed till it is foft in Water, and then beaten into a
Pulp, adding to it the Pouder of the Root, enough
to bring it to the Confiftence of a Cataplafm, and
it is prefently applied to any fimple Green Wound,
or Cut, it quickly heals it by confolidating, or con-
joining the lips theteof together : Apply’d alfo up-
on broken Bones, it facilitates and fpeeds the Cure,
by preventing a flux of Humors, inducing the Cal-
lus, and lengthening the Part ^ and applied, is al-
fo profitable againft Ruptures in Children. It is
good alfo to be ufed to Womens Breafts, which
fwell and grow hard and fore by the abundance of
Milk flowing into them, which it does by a reper-
cuffive Virtue : It alfo cools the Inflammation, a-
bates the Swelling, and eafes the Pain of the Piles,
as experience has fufficiently proved. It is alfo
very profitable againft moift and running Ulcers,

Gangrenes,

Chap. 1 50. 'Engltjh ‘Herbs.

2M

Gangrenes, Sphacelus, and the like, in which cafes
it has been experienced, and found often help-
ful.

XVIII. The Di filled Water from the Leaves ,
Stalks , and Roots thin Jliccd. It has the Virtues of
the Juice and EJfence , but very much weaker * yet
Authors fay, it is good for outward Wounds or
Sores, whether in the flefhy or nervous parts of the
Body wherefoever ; as alfo to take away the Fits
of Agues, and allay the fharpnefs of the Hu-
mors : but this it the more effectually does, if it is
mixed with equal parts of the Liquid Juice or Ef-
fence.

XIX. The Acid Aqueous Tintture . Take Spring
Water , a gallon : Oil of Vitriol , or Oil of Sulphur
per Campanum three ounces , mix them : then put
into it of the pouder of the Root , fix ounces : digeft
in a gentle Sand heat for a Month , fhaking the
glafs three or four times a day : afterwards being
well fettled , decant the clear Tintture for ufe. Gi-
ven inwardly in Wine, or any other proper Vehi-
cle, it flops inward bleedings, and ftrengthens and
reftores the Tone of the Stomach : And mixed with
Red Port Wine, it makes a good Lotion to cleanfe,
dry, and heal any old Ulcer, or running Sore, and
effe&ually deftroys the Putridity ( if any ) therein.

CHAP. CL.

Of CONSOUND Saracens.

I. /T' H E Names. It was unknown to the Greeks ,

A and therefore among them we have no name
for it. The Latins call it Confolida ( from Confoli-
dare , to Soder, Clofe, or Glew up : ) Confolida Sa-
racen ica, ( becaufe ufed by the Turks and Saracens
in healing of Wounds : ) Herb a fort is, from its
ftrong Smell and Tafte : Alfo Solidago , and Herba
Vulncraria : In Englifh, it is called Saracens Con-
found., alio Saracens Wound-wort.

II. The Kinds. Authors make four Kinds there-
of, viz. 1 . Solidago Saracenic a vera f dlicis foliis ,
Confolida Saracenica vera , The true Saracens Con-
found, or Wound-Wort. 2. Solidago vel Confolida
Saracenica major Lugdunenfis , The greater Saracens
Confound, or Wound-Wort. 3. Solidago vel Con-
folida Saracenica , vel Germanica Siliquofa , Codded
Saracens, or German Confound, or Wound-Wort.
4. Solidago vel Confolida Saracenica , vel Germanica
altera , Confolida Tertia Tragi , Herba Vulneraria
Tragi , Tragus his third Saracens Confound, or fe-
cond German, which he alfo calls Wound Wort :
Thefe Plants the Germans generally call Vulneraria
Turcica , Turkifli Wound Wort.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft ( which is the
True Saracens Confound ) has a Root conf fling of
many Fibres or Strings , fet together and growing
from a Head , which perifh not in Winter , but con-
tinue, though the Stalks fade and dye away , without
fo much as a Leaf appearing in that Seafon : From
this Root proceed feveral long and narrow green
Leaves , fnipt about the edges , like to thofe of the
Almond or Peach Tree, or Willow Leaves, but not
of fuch a whitifh green color : From amidjl thefe
Leaves rifes up a Stalk or Stalks , very high , grow-
ing fometimes to a Man’s height , which are of a
brownijh , or brownifh green color , and hollow , ha-
ving many long and narrow green Leaves ( as before
deferibed) fet thereon. At the tops of the Stalks
grow many pale yellow Star-like Flowers , funding

in green Heads -, which when they are j alien , an l
the Seed ripe ( which is of a fomewhat long , final l \
and ye llowifh color , and wrapped in Down ) is car-
ried away with the Wind. The Root and whole
Riant is of a firong and unpleafant Smell and
Tafle.

IV. The fecond, or Greater Saracens Confound,
bos a Root compofel oj a great Bujh of while fibres
or threads, growing very deep and fittingly in the
ground, and /hooting forth firings on all fides, which
produce new flams, encreafmg in a little time, and
over-running a great quantity of ground, from this
Root for mgs forth a head of Leaves , which is fome-
what brown at the firf footing out of the ground ,
( and fo alfo is the head of the Root before the
Spring, ) which is of a bitter Tafle, and binding
withal : This Riant differs not much fom the for-
mer, and therefore from amidjl this head of Leaves,
there rife up upright , hard, round hollow Stalks, as
high as the former, with many dark green Leaves
at the firft, fet ( as aforefaid ) at the head of the
Root, which afterwards rife up with the Stalks , and
are fet there without any order, fomewhat larger
than the others, and a little dented about the edges.
The Flowers are much greater than thofe of the
[firft Kind, more in number , and with yellower Ion *
Leaves, Star fafhion, ftanding in green heads many
^together -, wherein, after they are paft, is contained
the Seed, which with theDown thereof, flies away with
the Wind, in thefame^ manner as the former does.

V. The third, or Codded Kind, has a Root which
in time grows to be very great, even to the bignefs
of a Man’s Arm, and runs very deep alfo into the
ground ( as thofe who are acquainted with the Riant
well know : ) It is of a ftrong unpleafant Smell and
Tafle, fharper than Crefles, and very like unto that
of Flixweed, abiding many Tears, but the Stalks
perifh Annually, fpringing forth afrefh from the
fame Root every Spring. Thefe Stalks thus Annual-
ly rifing up, are great, round and woody, and in
height equal to any of the former , or rather ( when

21.

Salmons Herbal.

Lib. I

they have attained to their height ) higher , but are
Jo weak , by re of on of the length and weight of the
Leaves thereon , that they cannot (land upright , but
jail down upon the ground , bearing many dark green
Leaves thereon , long and narrow like to the Jirjl ,
with a white Rib in the middle , and fnipt gently , or
dented about the edges. At the tops of the Bran-
ches or Stalks , come forth many yellowifh Flowers,
but f mailer than thofe of the other kinds, which
being pajl away, there come forth very frnall and
long round dark Rods or Cods, as fmall and long as
thofe of Sophia Chirurgorum, or tlixweed, which
contain within them fmall brownifh Seed, of a hot
and quick, Jharp and unpleafant Tafte, as the whole
Herb it felf is, but much more the Root.

VI. The fourth, or Tragus his German Confound,
has a Root which creeps in the ground, and Jhoots up
Branches round about it, which are fomewhat like
both in Stalks and Leaves unto the middle kind oj
Nep or Catmint, with long Leaves, and white as they
are. The Flowers come forth at the tops of the
Stalks, many together, upon fmall, round, green
heads, not unlike to the firjl fort, being fmall, and
yellow. After thkt they are pafi , and the Heads,
with the Seed, are ripe, they open themfelves, and
with the Down in them, the Seed is carried away
with the Wind, after the manner of the firji.

VII. The Places. Thefe do all grow in moift
and wet grounds, by Wood fides, and fometimes
in the moift places of fiiadowy Groves, as alfo by
Water fides. The firft of thefe has been found
growing in Shropjhire, in the Hedge, by the way as
one goes from Dudfon in Cherberry Parifh, to
Guarthlow. Gerard alfo fays, that it grows by a
Wood, as you go from Great Dunmow in EJfex,
unto Clare in the fame County.

VIII. The Times. They Flower in July, and the
Seed of the two firft is foon after ripe and carried
away with the Wind. The third has not its Pods
and Seed ripe until the end of Auguji, or beginning
of September.

IX. The ^ utilities . Saracens Confound, ( under
which lingular name we comprehend all the kinds )
is temperate in refpeft to heat or cold, but dry in
the third Degree •, Aftringent, Anodyn, Incarnative,
and Vulnerary : It is Neurotick, Arthritick, Altera-
tive and Analeptick.

X. The Specif cation. It is not inferior to any
of the Wound-Herbs whatfoever, being inwardly
given, and outwardly applied in fuitable Prepara-
tions.

XI. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
i. A liquid Juice. 2. An EJfence. 3. A Decocti-
on in Wine or Water. 4. A Gargarifm. 5. An
Oil by inflation or boiling. 6. AnOintment. 7. A
BalJ'am. 8. A Cataplafn. 9. A D filled Water.
10. A Spirit.

The Virtues.

The liquid Juice. It cures internal Ulcers
or the Lungs : I fuppofe it was with the Juice
thereof, that Gerard ( as he lays ) cured one Cart-
wright, a Gentleman of Grays-Inn , who was grie-
vouily wounded into the Lungs b and that in afhort
time : In this cafe, it will be the belt way to make
it into a Syrup with Honey. It cleanfes, drys, and
heals old ulcers, and foul running Sores, and Con-
folidates Wounds by wafhing them.

XIII. 1 he Effence. It has all the Virtues of the
liquid Juice exalted, and is an excellent thing to give
inwardly, for the cure of thofe who have lain long
languifhing with old, running Filtula’s, ill-natured
U-lcers, and other ftubborn and rebellious putrid
Sores ; walhing them alfo outwardly therewith, or

injecting it with a Syringe. However the applica-
tion of it to Green Wounds is a matter beyond all
Exception. Inwardly taken, it opens ObftruCtions
of both Liver and Spleen, and is profitable for the
cure of the Yellow jaundice.

XIV. The Decottwn of the Leaves in Wine or
Water. It has the Virtues of the former, but in a
much lower Degree ; and being made in Water, it
is faid to cure Agues or Fevers, even of a long
continuance : Made with Wine, it opens ObftruCh-
ons of the Gall Bladder, as alfo of the Liver and
Spleen, and therefore is faid to be prevalent againft
the Dropfie in the beginning thereof; and heals all
inward Ulcers of the Reins, Ureters, or Bladder
or elfe where : It cures alfo inward Wounds and
Bruifes.

XV. The Gargarifm. Take of the TecoOion in
Wine a pint : of the DecoSion in Water half a pint :
Alum in fine Louder a dram : mix and dijjo/ve :
then aid choice Honey four ounces : iijfolve , and juft
boil them up together. It is excellent to heal a fore
Mouth or Throat, by gargling therewith ; and to
warn Sores and Ulcers in the Privy Parts of Man
or Woman : and to injeCt into Fiftula’s wiin a pro-
per Syringe.

XVI. The Oil made aith Oil Olive , &c. It is ex-

cellent againft burnings and Raidings, and is pro-
per againft Pains and Aches in any part of the Body,
arifing from Cold : as alfo to anoint Nerves which
are ftrained, or Joints which are weakneJ, by any
extraordinary force, or by being put out of Joint.
It is good alfo againft dry Scabs or Scurf, to brine
it oft, and clear the Skin. °

XVII. T be Ointment. It heals green Wounds
admirably ; digefts, cleanfes, incarnates and drys
running Sores, and old Ulcers, and is prevalent a-
gainft fra£tures of the Bones, inducing the Callus
and ftrengthning the part afteUed. It is good
( being mixt with a little Red Precipitate ) againft
Venereal Ulcers in the Privy Parts of Man or Wo-
man, cleanfing them from their putridity, and quick-
ly afterwards healing them up.

XVIII. The half am. It cures Ample green Wounds
at the firft Intention. But if they be compofed with
Contufion, FraCtures of the Bone, C5 ‘c. It admirably
digefts them by a Ipeedy maturation, then cleanfes,
and incarnates, afterwards dries and heals them ■
The fame thing it does to old running Sores, putrid
Ulcers, and Fiftula’s, ( being firft laid open ) and
then duly applied according to Art. 1 have feen
very few things more prevalent againft Sores and
Ulcers of the King’s Evil, which after a lingular
manner refills the malignity of the Difeale, the Pa-
tient alfo taking the Juice or Effence thereof in-
wardly.

XIX.

Tie Cataplafm. It ripens Phlegmons or

Inflammations, as alfo other Tumors which Nature
defigns to have brought to Maturation, and to break
them. Applied, it gives eafe to Pains of the Gout,
difculfes Simple and Recent Contufions, ftrengthens
Weak Parts, and cleanfes Ulcers in any Part, be
they never l'o foul or ftinking.

XX. The D ft Hied Water . Whether it is Diftil-
led from the green Herb, or the Liquid Juice,
or the Effence , it is effectual to heal any
green Wound, or old Sore or Ulcer whatfo-
ever, cleanfing, drying, and healing them as Na-
ture requires ; but yet after all, the Juice or Ef-
fence are much more effectual for the lame tmr-
pofes.

XXI. The Spirit. It is made by Infufing the
Herb forty eight Hours in Wine, and then drawing
it off in a gentle Balneo. It is lingular good to
heal inward Ulcers of the Reins, Ureters, or Blad-
der, inward Wounds or Bruifes, and to rtaifie the

Difcra-

Chap.

iy i.

21 ^

Difcrafie of the Liver and Spleen : It is good alfo
to eafe gnawings in the Stomach, Pains and Tor-
ments in the Rowels, to expel Wind, and eafe the
tains of the Mother. Dole one fpoonful in a glafs
of Wine Morning and Night.

CHAP. CLI.

Of CONSOUND Daifie.

I/'jP if E Names. It was unknown to the Greets :
the Latins call it, Gonfolida media , 0 cuius
Bovis brunfelfij. , and Bupthalmus , Bellium majus
Tabernmontam : hut by all other Authors, hell is
major , and Beilis major Vulgaris , five Syhejlris : in
Englijh it is called Daifie or -Middle Confound, Ox
Eye, the Great field White Lai fie, and Maudlin-wort.

II. The Kinds. It is a Species of the Lai fie, be-
ing the firlt and great Kind of White field Daifie
and is twofold, i. Confolida media Anglica, Confo- fomewhat J mailer than the former,
lida media Vulnerariorum , Beilis major agrefiis An-
glica, The Englijh Middle Confound, or Englifin
Great Field Daifie. 2. Confolida media, vel Beilis
major Americana vel Virgin; ana. The American or
Virginian Middle Confound, or Great Field Dai
fie. 3. Confolida media, or Bugle, which fee in
Cap. 92. aforegoing.

which grow to be about a foot and half high, wain
divers like Lccrves thereon , but f mailer, and leper
divided than the lower. At the tops oj the Stalks
and Branches grow large Flowers, each upon feveral
Footflalks, confining of many white and narrow
Leaves , a-s a Laic, or Border, about the yellow
Thrums in the middle, like lhcfo of Mayweed, ha-
ving no Smell at all : The Seed is fomewhat long,
and is blown away with the Wind. Of this Kind
there is one which bears double Flowers, differing
Jr cm the former in nothing elfo.

IV. The focond, or Virginian Kind, I'M a Root
full of Fibres not much unlike to the former • front
which Root rife up Stalks higher and greater than
thofo before deforibed : the L caves alfo are larger,
and broadej 1 towards the ends, but longer and J mai-
ler at the bottoms, dented likewifo about the Edges,
d hooting forth feveral Branches , at the tops oj all
which they bear many white Flowers, as' it were in
an Umbel, yet not Jo great, nor the white Leaves fo
large cu the former, but fmaller, and more in num-
ber, with a greenijh yellow in the middle and feme
a little larger than others, and Jiiccceded with Seed

yniddk

QjnsountL

Confouncl-Daific.

I’ll The Defcriptions. T he firft or Englilh Kind
I'm a hoot which is only a Bulb of White String
which abide many Winters , with the Leaves Jhooitnl
Jonh every Spring afrejh : from this Root come forth
many long , narrow , and round pointed Leaves next
the ground, pretty deeply Cut in on both flies, ma-
king it look almojl like the divifwns offomc Jons of
Oaken Leaves, or rather like lhofe of Groundlel :
from among .thefe Leaves eftme forth the Stalks,

V . The Places. The firft grows every where by
Hedge bides in Meadows, and in the Borders of
Fields, and other wafte Grounds, The fecond grows
in Virginia, from whence it was firft brought to us
here.

VI. The Times. It Flowers in May and June ,
and the Seed is ripe in fome ftrort time after.

VII. The Qualities. This Confound, or Great
Daifie, is cold in the end of the firft Degree, and
dry in the fecond Degree : It is Anodyn, Vulnerary,
Nemotick, Arthritick, and Alterative.

VIII. The Specification. It is a famous thing for
the immediate cure of Wounds in any part.

IX. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
1. ft liquid Juice. 2. An E/fenee . 3. ft Syrup.
4. ft DecoBion in Wine or Water. 5. ft Lotjon or
Garganfn, 6. An Ointment or Bafam. 7. ft CV
tap/afm. 8. ft L) filled Water,

The

O ■?

6

SalmonV Herbal.

Lib. 1

The Virtues.

X. The liquid Juice. It much attemperates the
heat of Chcler, refrefhes the Liver, and other In-
ward Parts, and Confolidates Wounds, whether In-
ward or Outward, after an admirable manner. It is
good to cure the Wounds of the Thorax or Breft,
being taken two, three, or four ounces at a time,
either alone, or mixed with a Glafs of Wine, Morn-
ing and Evening. Outwardly it alfo Confolidates
Wounds, cleanles old running Sores and Ulcers,
and drys and heals them : Dropt into fore and run-
ning Eyes, it cleanfes, ftrengthens, and heals them.

XI. T be E fence. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice, and is indeed more effectual, outwardly ap-
plied, it heals Sores in the Privy Parts, gives eafe
in Pains of the Gout, difcufles Tumors, and dif-
perfes Kernels in the Flefh ^ and helps bruifes and
hurts which come by Falls or Blows. Inwardly
taken, it induces the cure of Wounds, Ulcers and
Tilt u la’s, whether inwards or outwards, and haftens
the Callus breeding, in FraUures of the Bones :
for which reafon alio it is faid to be good againft
Ruptures, and other inward Breaches of any Veflel
within the Body. Dofe two or three ounces Morn-
ing and Night.

XII. The Syrup. It has the Virtues of the Juice
and Eflence ^ and is better to be given to Children
in Ruptures becaufe of its pleafantnefs. And if it
is made with Honey, it is more effeftual in Wounds
and Ulcers of the Breft and Lungs, or of anyother
Bowel : It thickens Rheum, and is good againft
Coughs, Colds, Wheezings, or any Obftruftion of
the Vifcera.

XIII. The Decottion in Wine or . Water. It helps
to cure Wounds of the Thorax , and may be ufed
Dietetically in all the Giles for which the Juice, Ef-
fence • or Syrup are commended. It Angularly re-
frelhes the inward Parts, removes the Difcrafle of
the Blood - and Humors, and as a moft admirable
Vulnerary induces the healing of Wounds and Ulcers.
If there is any Inflammation in or about the part
alfliCted, or if a Fever is prefen t, the Deco&ion is
belt to be made with Water j but otherwife with
Wine. It is alfo of good ufe to wafh the Wound,

( if made with Wine) or cleanfe foul Ulcers orFi-
itula’s, by injecting it with a Syring, or otherwife,
as often as they are dreft, by which they are daily
cleanfed and kept clean, and if hollow, incarnated •,
by which means the healing fpeedily follows. If
it is made with Wine-, with the Addition of a third
part of Agrimony and Angelica , and the parts af-
flicted with the Palfie or Sciatica, be daily, Morn-
ing and Night, fomented therewith very warm for
half an hour, or thereabouts, it gives great eafe and
relief

XI V. The Lotion. Take of the De coll ion in Wine
eight ounces , of the EJJence four ounces : Alum in
fine ponder three drams : Honey of Mulberries four
ounces : mix and diffolve. It heals and cures all
Wounds, Ulcers, Sores and Puftules of the Mouth,
Gums or Throat, as alfo of the Secret Parts of Man
or Woman, if duly wafh’d therewith. Dropt into the
Eyes, it clears the fight, taking awav, Clouds, Films,
Inflammations, Flux of Humors, pfc.

XV. The Ointment or half am. They do wonder-
fully help all Wounds which have an Inflammation
about them, or have a Flux of fharp and moift Hu-
mors upon them, by which they are kept long from
healing. Any Ample green Wound theBalfam ma-
ny times cures at the Arft intention : and other de-
generated Sores it digefts, cleanfes, incarnates ( if
flefh is wanting ) and quickly heals them, and this
although in the Joints, whether of the Arms or
Legs.

XVI. The Cataplafm. It is excellent to difculs
ContuAons or Tumors coming upon Ample Brui-
fes, if applied upon the Spot. Applied to the Te-
fticles, or to any other part which is Swoln, and
Inflamed, it allays the Heat, difcufles the Humors,
and refolves it : Applied alfo immediately to a.
Ample green Wound, it prevents Inflammation, con-
glutinates the Lips, and heals it * and this more
efpecially if it is made of the raw green Herb.
And fo made and applied, it is very effectual to
eafe the pains of the Gout, difcufs the Tumor, and
(Lengthen the Part : but whether it is altogether fo
effe£tual as the Cataplafm of Comfrey Roots, I will
not prefume to fay.

XVII. The Di filled Water. It has the Virtues of
the Juice and Eflence, but much lels effectual.
Dropt into the Eyes, it allays an Inflammation
there : and if Pouder of White Sugar Candy, or
clarifled Honey be added, j. ounce, to vj. ounces of the
Water, it makes a Collyrium which cures dim, cloudy,
fore, and running Eyes, being often dropt into them.

CHAP. CLlf.

Of CORALWORT.

T

Diofcoridcs nor Pliny , ncr any
Kne

H E Names.

other of the Ancient Writers, Knew any
thing of this Plant, fo far as I can learn but it
feems to be purely an invention of the Moderns.
The Latins ( from the Form and Color of the
Roots ) call it Coraloides , Dent aria , Dentillaria ,
Dentillaria or Dentaria Corolloide Radice , Alaba-
ftrites Lobelij , Viola Dentaria Dodomei , ( from the
Roots -and Flowers, being like unto Stock-Gilli-
flowers : ) by Gefner , in Hortis , Sanicula alba , Pul-
monaria , Saxifraga montana ( from its Virtues j ) but
Columna takes it to be the Ceratia Plinij , becaufe it
has all the Virtues which Pliny afcribes unto his
Ceratia , but this is doubtful. Dalechampius in Lug-
dunenfis took it to be an Aconitum , but this was
wholly Error. In Englifh it is called Coralwort ,
Toothwort , and Toothed Violets.

II. The Kinds. Matthiolus places this between
Symphita and Confolida , it being wholly of their
Nature and Qualities. Parkinfon makes feven Kinds
thereof •, fome other Authors more ^ but we fhall
only difcourfe of thofe which are to be had with
us, either Wild in our Fields and Woods, or nurfed
up in our Gardens • and they are, i. Dentaria Bul-
bifera, vel Bacciftra , Bulbed, or Berrybearing Co-
ralwort. 2. Dentaria minor , oi minima , Alabaftri-
tes , Small Coralwort. 3. Dentaria Pentaphyllos ,
Cinkfoil Coralwort. 4. Dentaria Pentaphyllos al-
ter, The fecond Cinkfoil Coralwort. They are ge-
nerally called Dentaria : and moft of them from
the number of their Leaves, as, Triphyllos , Penta-
phyllos, and Heptaphyllos ■, but the Triphallos or
Enneaphyllos Lobelij , and the Heptaphyllos , are
ftrangers in our Countrey.

II L The Defcriptions. The firji of thefe hat a
Root very white , Jrnooth , and Jhining , made of divers
fmall round knobs Jet together , not growing down-
wards, but lying along , and encreafing under the up-
per cruft of the Earth , having very few fibres there-
at its tafie is fomewhat bitter , hot and fharp , like
Radifh, as all the reft of the Kinds are. From this
Root fhoots forth one or two Winged Leaves , upon
long brownijh Foot folks, which in their rifing out of
the ground , are, as it were, doubled, or folded down-
wards, and then open themf elves, mof commonly,

into

Chap.

I J2.

Herb,

s.

into Jeven Leaves. ] and fometimes into but five, each
°J is Something long. , dented about the edges

and pointed, of a fad green color, and fet on both
fides oj the middle Rib, one againfi another. The
Stalk, which beareth blowers, rifes up in the fame
manner with the Leaves, and is bare or naked of
Leaves, to the middle thereof, where it Jhpots forth
d Leaf and fo one or two more up higher, each con-
filling but of five Leaves, and fometimes but of three
having a If o the uppermost. Jingle •, at each whereof
comes forth afmall round Bulb, cloven, or as it were
divided into J eve ral parts or cloves, of a fad pur !
plifh green color, which being ripe, and put into the
ground will grow to be a Root, and bear Leaves, like
ns the Bulbs of a red Bulbed Lilly ■, about zvhich , at
i be very top, (land four or five blowers in long
Husks , upon JJjort Footjialks , opening into four Je-
vei.il Leaves , of a purp/ijh color , and very like unto
the h lowers a/Stock-gillitiowers, or Dames Violets.

,fe ptng pajl away , fmall long horns , or Cods
pointed at the ends come forth ; in which Pods or
Cods lyes fitch like Seed at are in the Cods of Dames
Vtolets i which oufoon as it is ripe , the Cod opens
ana the Seed falls out : The Leaves , and indeed the
Ttfle P/<,W> “ ^ “ bhteriJh' hot ’ tharP, Radijh-liie

Odalbcd
Coral wort

217

IV. The Second, or Small Coralwort, has a Root
J mall, and fomewhat long, compofei as it were of
many fmall, very Jhining, Mti > thick fcales, grow-
ing upwards, and having man ■ white fibres at the
head of them, of a little fwee ijh bitter, Jharp and
ajtringent Tajie. From tl'hs Root Spring forth three
or tour /lender pale green Styks of Leaves fome-
what divided on their edge *f, lot half a foot high
and not of half that height ft home places, very like
unto thofe of the hollow Root}: - ut f mailer , and of a
paler Jhining green color ; five,, among which rife
up one or two fmall Stalks, ^ eolith two fuch like
Leaves thereon, but J, mailer, and a little above them ,

afmall round greenijh yellow head, which Spreads
not into Leaves , but into four or five mofjte heads
of Threads, andfo abides a while, ( having no other
f lower ) which pafs away leaving in their room ma-
ny fmall kernelly Seed. The Leaves have a bitter
[meet /cent, fomewhat like unto the Musked Cranes
Bill, yet more fine et when it grows Wild 1/1 its na-
tural places, than when it is tranf planted out of
them into Gardens. I his Plant is referred by many
unto the Ranunculi or Crowfeer, to which it has but
a fmall refemblance, and ought rather 10 be inverted
in this place, for the likenefs of its Root fake.

fmall Q_arall nrorl

C orall=tuort true 'lehob

V. The third Kind, which is the firjl Cinkfbii
Coralwort, has a Root which is greater than the fhfi,
and made as it were into Joints, not fo white as
that is, but with longer Fibres coming from between-
the Joints . From this Root rifes one or two Leaves
F f upon

1 fll

upon long hooijici/kst, confifiing of five Forts, or
leaves, each of them fomewhat like the fir ft, ortd
dented about the edges , but they are longer , rougher
and harder in feeling , and more clofely fet together ,
rifing for the mofi part from one Joint , like as the
Cinktoils do : upon the Stalks alfo arc fome fitch
like Leaves fict one above another • at the top four
or five fiuch like Flowers , but j'omewhat larger , of a
purp/ifh color, fome thing deeper titan the firfi, which
turn into fiuch like. Pods, with the like Seeds in them,
but has no Bulbs on the Stalks.

VI. Tho fourth, or fiecond Cinkfoil Kind of Co-
ral worr, has a Root very like the firfi, confifiing of
many round clear white Knobs, but more in number.
Jet together by pieces, with divers long Fibres grow-
ing out of it : Prom this Root Jhoots forth a lower
and f mailer Stalk than the former, being not above
afoot high, with fome Leaves Jet thereon ■, as alfo
there is Jo me of thefie very like the lafi, but nar-
rowed' j more fimooth and gentle, and alfo of a paler
green color : the Flowers fiand at the top, like unto
the other, and arc of a purphfh color, after which
come the like Pods with Seed in them, as in the
refi. ■

V II. The Places. The firft and fecond are found
Wild in England, the firft at Mayfield in Suffex,
in a Wood called Highrecd and in another Wood
there alio, called Pox-holes as a'lib in divers fha-
dowy and dark Mountains, or Hills : the two laid
are only nurs’d up' with us in Gardens.

VIII. The Times. They Flower about the middle
of April, and beginning or middle of May, and the
Seed is ripe in Augufi, after .which they quickly
wither and perifh j the Roots abiding fafe all the
Winter.

IX. The Qualities, They feem to be Temperate
in refpeft of heat or cold, but are drying in the firft
Degree. They cleanfe, aftringe, dry, bind, and ftreng-
then.

X. The Specification. They are dedicated to the
curing of Wounds.

XI. The Preparations. You may make therefrom,
I. A liquid Juice. 2. An EJJence. 3. A DecoBi-
on in Wine. 4. A Syrup. 5. A Pouder. 6. A
Balfiant.

The Virtues.

XII. The liquid Juice. It ftrengthens the Bowels,
and n\ikes them able to perform their Offices, pro-
vokes Urine, and is faid to expel the Stone and
Gravel, being drunk, Morning and Evening, from
three ounces to fix, in aGlafs of Port Wine.

XIII. The EJJence. It has the former Virtues' be-
fides which it is faid to cure any inward Wounds,
especially thofe Wounds which have pierced into
the hollownefs of the Thorax. It is alio good to
eafe the Griping Pains of the Bowels, and Sides,
being taken to four or fix ounces in a glafs of Red
Port Wine, or old Malaga.

XIV. The Decottion in Wine. It has the former
Virtues, but much weaker, and is good againft
Lasks or Fluxes which proceed from hot and cho-
lerick Humors : you may give it to fix or eight
ounces, Morning and Evening, for many Days to-
gether.

XV. The Syrup. It is made of the Juice or Ef-
fence, and is proper to be given to Children which
have Ruptures, or *ire troubled with Gripings, Vo-
mitings, or other Difeafes of the Bowels.

XVI. The Pouder of the Root. It has the Virtues
of the Juice and Efience j and heals Wounds of the
Breft and Lungs, being given to a dram in Red
Wine for fome confiderable time. It is alfo pro-
fitable againlt Burftennefs, being given in the Svrup
aforefaid.

XVII. The Balfiam. It is good to be applied to
green Wounds, for it quickly confolidates and heal-,
them •, it alfo digefts, cleaijles, incarnates, drys, and
heals old, running, filthy and hollow Ulcers j faci-
litating the cure after an admirable manner.

CHAP. CLIII.

Of CORIANDER.

I. *Tp H E Karnes. It is called in Greek , fcfoer, and
JL Ktftl Mov ( from Kojuf , Cimex, the Wall-Loufe ,
which we call Buggs •, for that Coriander in its
feent , very much refembles their ffinking Smell
when they are killed:) In Latin, CcrionJ and Coria-
non, but moftly in the Shops Cor i and rum : In Ara-
bick, Casberra, and Elcosbur : In Englijh , Cori-
ander.

II. The Kinds. There are but two forts of it
which are found with us, viz. 1. Coriandrum vul-
gare. The common Coriander. 2. Coriander minus
odorum. The leffer fweet Coriander. And by the
name Coriander .thefe Plants are known in almolt
all Nations. - •

Coriander

III. The Defcriptions. Tim firfi has a fmall Root,
which perifhes every Tear after Seed time : from
this Roots fpring up Leaves which are fome thing
broad, a/mo)} like oato ^arftey or Chervil 5 but af-
ter the Stalk or Stalks a me forth, which are three
or four feet high, being fi ll grown the Leaves then
are f mailer and fine.', evfry one than other, up to
the top, being of a f lint; green color, and very much
cut or jagged in, ah.fifi like to the Leaves of Fumi-
tory, but a great dfi: f mailer, tenderer, and more-
jagged. The Flower < ire white, and grow in fmall
looje Umblcs, like L-lnto Dill •, which being puffed
away, there comes fLfifih round finked hollow Seed, of
a whitifh yellow cof\r when it is ripe. The whole
Plant, Seed and a 'll, while it is green and growing,

has

Chap, i y 3 . linghjh Herbs . 2 1 9

has a firong and loatbfom Smelly fcarcely to be en-
dured •, but when the Seed is full ripe and dry , it is
ef a very good Scent , and of an agreeable Tafie.

IV. The fecond has Roots and Stalks almoft like

the former ; but the Leaves , the lower as well as
the higher , are all finely cut in , and jagged the
Stalks are much lower , /wf above half a foot high •,
( /tfyx Parkinfon ) /z/wo/? the ground :

the Flowers on its Tops are white 5 and the Seed
round as the other , but fuller and larger , and two
always joined together.

V. Tfo Places. They are only Sown in Gardens
now, as in. old time. Pliny fays, they are not found
Wild •, nor are their natural places known.

VI. The Times. They Flower in July, and their
Seed is ripe in Auguft.

VII. The Qualities. The green Leaves are faid to
be Cold and Dry. The dried Seed is Hot and Dry
in the end of the fecond Degree, or beginning of
the third. It is Aperitive, Anodyn, Carminative,
Difcuflive, Stomatick, and Alexipharmick.

VIII. The Specification. It flays Vomiting, and
helps Digeftion.

IX. Tim Preparations. ^ °ll may have therefrom,
1. A Juice from the Gret'A Herb. 2. An E fence
oj the fame. 3. An OintmPnt or Balf am of the fame.
4. A Cataplafm of the Green Herb. 5. Coriander
Comfits. 6. A Pouder of the Seed. 7. A Spiritu-
ous Tintlure of the Seed. 8. An Acid Tintlure
thereof. 9. An Oily Tintlure of the fame. 10. A
Saline Tintlure thereof 11. A Spirit. 12. An
Oil by Di f iliation.

The Virtues.

X. The Juice of the Green Herb. Authors fay,
it is of a cold Quality, and that being drunk, altho’
but to half an ounce, it kills them that take it. But
outwardly applied, it diffolves Knots and Kernels ;
and difcufles other hard Tumors, being affiduoufly
ufed.

XI. The Ejjen.ce of the fame. It has the Virtues
of the Juice, and being applied by Rags dipt there-
in, it is laid to cure Anthonies tire, and other hot
Tumors.

XII. The Ointment or Ba/fam of ihe fame. It is
made with Ceruie, Litharge, Vinegar, and Oil of
Rofes. It is commended againlf an Eryfipelas, run-
ning and fretting Sores, Wheals, Pulhes, Carbun-
cles, and Botches, riling in the Skin or Flelh ; it
cools the Inflammation, and takes away alfo the
Swelling of the Cods.

XIII. The Cataplafm of the Green Herb male
with Barley Meal , or Barley Bread. It has the Vir-
tues of the Ointment, but is more powerful to al-
lay Inflammations, and dilcufs hot Tumois or Swel-
lings. It is alfo good to dilfolve or difeufs Wens,
flefhy Tumors, and protuberances of the King’s-
Evil, being duly applied.

XIV. The Comfits of the Seed. Gerard fays, they
prevail much againlf the Gout, being eaten upon a
faffing Stomach, before Dinner ; and alfo after Din-
ner without ^ drinking after the fame for three or
four hours time : and they have yet a greater power
over that Difeafe, if they be eaten in the fame man-
ner alfo after Supper.

XV. The Bonder of the Seed. If it is taken faff-
ing to almoft a dram in a Glafs of Generous Wine,
it ftrengthens the Stomach, caufes an Appetite and
makes a good ' Digeftion, deprefles Fumes and Va-
pors riling from the Stomach, Spleen or Womb,
and afeending up into the Head. It (tops Catarrhs,
helps the noife in the Ears, and difcufles that Tu-
mor in the Throat, vulgarly called the Quinfey.

XVI. The Spirituous Tintlure oj the Seed. It is
a moll Angular Stomatick, ftrengthens the Ventricle,
Hops Vomiting, helps Digeftion, and eafes the moll
inveterate Pains of that Bowel : and is indeed a
moll excellent thing againft the Gripings of the
Guts.

XVII. The Acid Tintlure. This is yet a more
excellent Stomatick than the former, where there
is a laflitude or weaknefs of the Stomach, and the
Tone thereof feems to be depraved or undone, and
the Acidities thereof i'o diminifhed, as that the Pa-
tient wants an Appetite, and cannot at all digell
their Food, but that it comes up again undigell-
ed, with Vomitings, manifold Reachings, and vehe-
ment Sicknefs thereof; being taken in Red or White
Port Wine, or in a generous Canary, to a pleafing
Acidity ; it rellores the Tone of the Stomach, and
kills Worms in the Body.

XVIII. The Oily Tintlure. If it is daily taken,
viz. Morning and Night, in any generous'Vehicle,
from twenty drops to forty, it cures the Colick,
and Griping of the Guts, and mightily ftirs up Ve-
nery. It prevails alfo againft the bitings of
Serpents, efpecially of that called Amphtsbena ,
the place bitten being alfo anointed therewith.
And as it is comfortable to the Stomach and Bow-
els, by its healing and drying property, and pre-
vails againft a Faralyfts , or Balfte, fo alfo it is
eminently good againft that Difeafe by anointing
the whole length of the Back-bone therewith, as
alfo the parts affeaed, twice a day before a fire, and
rubbing it very well in for a long time : And by
outward application in like manner, it prevails a-
gainft Cramps, Convulfions, Gouts, and the Sciatica,
and all cold and moifl Difeafes happening in what
part of the Body foever,

XIX. The Saline Tintlure. It opens Obftmaions
of the Reins, Ureters, and Bladder, provokes Urine,
and caufes an Evacuation of Sand, Gravel, and Tar-
tarous Matter out of thofe parts. Dole to o.;e
dram, or more, in a Glafs of generous White Port
Wine.

Ff 2

XX. The

220 Salmon’ s

XX. The Spirit. It is very comfortable to the
Stomach, and exceeding Cordial ; by heating and
refrefhing of it, and taking away the cold and
imoift Temperature thereof, which is the ground
and foundation of Catarrhs and Rheumarifms ; it
helps Digeftion, reprelfes the Vapors, which afcend
thence up into the Head, and forcibly refills the Tor-
tures of the Colick, proceeding from Cold, Wind,
and the like : and being moderately ufed, it ftirs
up Venery by an encreafe of Blood and Seed, and
by a gentle warming, and, as it were, vivifying the
fame. Dcfe one fpoonful, or more, in the Morning
fading, a little afore Dinner, and at Bed time, either
alone, or in a Glafs of Canary.

XXI. The Oil by Diftilhtion. Being taken in-
wardly from ten to fifteen or twenty drops, and in
fome very cold and moift Conftitutions to thirty
or forty drops ; firft dropt into, and mixt well with
White Sugar, and then mixed well with a glafs of
Wine, and fo taken, it is a famous thing againft
the Palfie, Cramps and Convulfions, whether in Old
or Young, and the Gout in the Stomach •, anoint-
ing all thofe parts which are affefted with thofe
Difeafes, outwardly. Morning and Night, and rub-
bing or chafing it well in. It etteclually opens the
Urinary Pallages, and powerfully ftirs up to Coi-
tion, by encreafing Seed, making it Spirituous, and
ftrengthening the parts of Generation.

XXII. An Obferoation. The Arabian Phyficians,
and others of the Ancients, tell us how we Ihould
correct Coriander Seed before we ufe it, viz. by
Keeping it all Night in Vinegar, and then drying it
again, thereby to take away ( as they think ) its
Venene Qualities. But this Label feems to defpife,
and that truly with very good reafon, becaufe no
fuch thing can be extrafted from it ; for after it is
ripe, if it is luffered to dry of it felf, or in the Sun,
all thofe pretended Obnoxious Qualities will vanilh
away of their own accord ; nor needs it any other
Preparation when it is made into Comfits, and is
fo far from being hurtful to the Stomach, and Bow-
els ( as fome Authors have affirmed ) that on the
contrary, it has been found by great Experience to
be an excellent Stomatick, exceeding many others :
and this even Country People have found by the
ufe of it, without any Preparation at all : for being
only Dry, it has a warming Faculty, and a Sweet,
and no Noifome Smell or Tafte, that being contain-
ed only in its Humidities whilft it is Green, and not
in the Seed when only dried.

CHAP. CLIV.

Of COR N-F LAG.

I. ' I ' H E Names. It is called in Greek , Xliav.

JL and CciffytVOV '• In Latin, Gladiolus , and of
fome Enfis ( as it were the Sword F lag : ) of fome
Gladiolus Segetalis, Viclorialis f&mina Cordi, and
Vitt or tails Rotunda : In Englifh, Corn-El ag.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral forts thereof, as,

1. Gladiolus Narbonenfts , The French Corn-Flag.

2. Gladiolus ltalicus hints florum ordinibus. The
Italian Corn-Flag. 3. Gladiolus Byzantinus , The
Conftantinopolitan or Turkifh Corn-Flag. 4. Gla-
diolus fore r/^£Wt’,Blufh-colored Corn-Flag. 5; . Gla-
diolus flore albo, White-fiowred Corn-Flag. 6. Gla-
diolus purpureas minor. The fmall purple Corn-
Flag. 7. Gladiolus Lacujiris, The Water, Corn, or
Sword Flag, defcribed by Clufirn.

‘Herbal. Lib. 1.

Ill The Delcriptions. The firft has a Root which
is fomewhat great, round, flat and hard, looking as
if it was netted, having another Jhort fpongy one un-
der it, which when it has done bearing , and the
Stalk dry, that the Root may be taken up, flicks clofe
to the bottom, but may be eafily taken away, having
commonly a number of fmall Roots encreafed about
it, the leaf of which will quickly grow, fo that if
it is fuffered any long time in a Garden, it will even
cboak it up. From this Root, three or four broad,
long, and ft iff green Leaves rife up, one, as it were ,
• riflng

221

Chap. 155. ‘Englijh Herbs.

riling o.it of the fide of another , being joined toge-
ther at the bottom , fomewhat like unto the Leaves
of Flower-de-luces, but ftiffer , more full of Ribs ,
than many of them , and f. bar per pointed.
The Stalk rifes up from among the Leaves , bearing
them on it as it rifes , having at the top divers
Husks , out of which come the Flowers, one above
another , #// of them turning and opening themfelves
one way , which are long and gaping , Zz'/fe unto the
Flowers 0/ Fox-Glove, 4 little Arched or bunching
up in the middle , of a fair reddifh purple color , ha-
ving two white fpots within the mouth thereof one
on each fide , made of a Lozenge fafhion, VYL.fquare,
and long pointed. After the Flowers are pafi, round
Heads or Seed Veffels come up , in which is contain-
ed reddifh flat Seed , like unto the Seed of Fritillaria,
but thicker and fuller.

IV. The fecond,or Italian Corn-Flag, is .like unto
the former French kind, in its Root , Leaf and Flow-
er, without any other difference , than that the Root
is f mailer, and browner , the Leaf and Stalk of a dark-
er color •, and the Flowers ( darker alfo in their
color, and a little f mailer ) funding out on both fldes
the Stalk.

V. The third, or Turky Corn-Flag, except that
it is larger in its Roots , Leaves, and Flowers, is like
in all things to the flrfl Corn-Flag j the Flowers on
this funding only on one fide, of a deeper Red color,
and being later in the Tear before they appear, viz. af-
ter all the ref are pafi. The Root is netted in this,
as plainly as in any of the others •, it as plentifully
alfo encrcafes, but is more tender , and lefs able to
abide our cold Winters.

VI. The fourth is like unto the French. Corn-
Flag in all ref pells, excepting only that the Flowers
are of a pale red color, tending to whitenefs, com-
monly called a Blufh color.

VII. The fifth differs not from the laf, except-
ing that the Roots are whiter on the outfide , the
Leaves are greener, without any brbwnnefs or dark-
?iefs, as in the former, and the Flowers are of a pure
Snow white color.

VIII. The fixth differs not from any of the for-
mer, but in the fmallnefs of the Leaves, Stalk and
Flowers , which fland all on one fide, like unto the
French kind, and of the fame color : and the Root of
this fort is netted more than any of the others.

IX. The f eve nth, or Water Gladiol has a matted
bufy fibrous Root •, from whence rife up Leaves
about a fpan long, thick and hollow, with a Fart it ion
in their middle, like as you fee in the Cods of Stock-
gill ifiowers, and the like : their Color is green, and
Tafle fweet, fo that they are an acceptable Food to
Wild Ducks, diving to the bottom of the Water • for
they fometime lye fome Tards tinder Water -, which
not with funding are over-topt by the Stalk, which
Springs up from among thofe Leaves, and bears
Flowers of a white color, and larger than thofe of
Stock-gillifiowers .* but in that hollow part which is
next to the Stalk, they are of a blewifh color, almoft
infhape refembling the Flowers of the Corn-Flag,
but not abfolutely like them. They confifl of five
Leaves, whereof the two uppermoft are refletted to-
wards the Stalk ', the three other being broader, hang
downwards : after the Flowers are pafi, round point-
ed Veffels follow, filled with red Seed.

X. The P laces. Their Titles, of the chief, gene-
rally fhow from whence they firft came : but with
us they are only nurs’d up in Gardens : they feem
to be Natural to Barbary, where John Tradefcant
law many Acres of Ground overfpread with them.
In thofe Countries where they grow Wild, as in
Turkey, Italy , Spain, and France, they grow in Mea-
dows, and in Earable Land among Corn : and we
have great plenty of them in our Gardens near and

about London which ferve for their Beauty and
Ornament., The Water Gladiol is bound in fome
places ofWefi Fne fland, growing in Waters which
have a Gravelly bottom, and which fcarcely bring
forth any other Plants belides.

XI. The Times. They Flower from May, to the
end of June, and fomerimes in July • but the By-
zantine, or Turky, after all the reft, as is above-
faid.

XII. The Qualities. They are hot and dry, but
in what Degree Authors have not faid : but Galen
fays, they have a power to Dry, Attraft, Watte and
Confume 5 and that they have a fubtil and dige-
ftive Quality.

XIII. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
1. A liquid Juice of the upper Root. 2. An Effcnce
of the fame. 3. An Emp/after. 4. A Catdplafm.
L A Ponder of the Cods and Seed.

The Virtues.

XIV. The liquid Juice. If it is drunk with Red
Port Wine, it is faid to cure the Rupture in Chil-
dren, called Enterocele, which is when the Guts tall
into the Cods.

XV. The E fence of the fame. It has the former
Virtues, and being drank Morning and Evening for
fome time, to four or fix ounces in a Glafs of Sher-
ry Wine, it is faid to provoke Lull, and ttrengthen
the Vifcera.

_XVI. The Emplafier. It is made of the Root
mixed with Frankincenfe and a little Wine : Being
applied, it eafes the Pains of the Gout : it alfo
draws forth Thorns, Prickles, Splinters, or broken
Bones out of the Flefli ^ it Digetts, Maturates, and
Cleanfes.

XVII. The Cat aplafm. It is made of the Root
beaten up with Meal of Darnel, and Honey, and a
little Lard. It wattes and difeufles hard Nodes,
lumps of Flefli, and other like hard Tumors. It is
alio found to be a certain and approved remedy
againft fcrophulous Swellings in the Throat, vul-
garly called the King’s-Evil.

XVIII. The Pouder of the Cods and Seed. If it is
drank in Goats, or Afles Milk, to one dram, or
more. Morning and Evening, as alfo in the time of
the Paroxyfm of the Colick, it eafes the pains of
the Colick : but if it is drank in Juniper Water it
is much better.

CHAP. CLV.

Of C O R N-S ALLET,

0 R,

LAMBS -LETTICE.

np H E Names. It may be called in Greek,

' AaiMa^fcyos : In Latin, LaOuca Agnma , and
Oltis Album Dodomei : In Englijh , Corn-Sallet or
Lambs-Lettice.

II. T he Kinds. It is not a Kin to the Lettice ,
though called by that name, which I fuppofe was.
becaufe it is eaten for a Sailer, as the Lettice is.
And is a lingular Plant by it fell

III. The Delcription. It has a Root confiding of
many fmall and long Fibres ; from whence Spring up
many Jlender , round , weak Stalks , trailing , as it
were, upon the ground, about a foot high, if it grows
in good, and fertil ground other wife bur a Ratid or

0^0

Salmons

tl.

Lib. I

two high, with feveral Joints , and two Leaves fund-
ing at each Joint , narrow and long. Likcwije from
the fame Root , at its firjl coming forth out of the
ground , many Leaves , /<W7£, narrow , and round point-
ed', of a whitifh green color , jp ring forth, which grow
cloj'e upon the ground , which live all the Winter ,
and from among which , 7« the beginning oj the Spring,
( if it is fotnn in Autumn, as is ufual, when it is
to ferve jor an early Sallet ) feveral fmall, round
Stalks rife up, branching forth at the top, and bear-
ing Tujts of fmall black blew blowers, ( but Dodo-
naus Jay, they are very fmall white Flowers, clofely
eompail together : ) Thefe 'Lifts of white Flowers
are broad, but the Flowers the mf elves are very fmall,
fo that they can fcarcely be known to be Flowers,
J'aoing that they grow many together, like a Tuft or
Umble.

IV. The Places. This Herb grows Wild in Corn-
Fields : (whence the Name ) but fince it has grown
into ufe amongft us for Salletting, it is alfo Town
in Gardens for a Sallet Herb.

V. The Times. It is found Green all Winter and
Summer : and runs up to Flower and Seed in March,
April, and May.

VI. The Qualities. It is Temperate in refpeU of
heat or cold ^ and moift in the firlt Degree. It is
Emollient, Hepatick, Alterative, and Galattoge-
netick.

VII. As to the Specification, Lreparations,Virtues
and Vfes of this Herb, Authors have been filent.
It is doubtlefs an innocent Plant, and plealant to
be eaten : for which reafon it is ufed as a Winter
Sallet, at leaft wife very early in the Spring j for
which purpofe it is drefs’d up to the Table as
Garden Lettices are, with Salt, Vinegar, and Oil,
and fometimes with Sugar alfo, as the Eater belt
likes.

CHAP. CL VI.

Flowers fomewhat like unto Tanfie Flowers, but
lejfer -, which afterwards are the Heads which con-
tain the Seed, which is fmall, flat, and long : Theje
Flowers being gathered before they be ripe , keep
their color and beauty a pretty while without 1 Wi-
thering j and the zoho/e Plant is of a very pie aj ant
Smell and Tafie, and very agreeable with the Sto-
mach.

Of COSTMARY,

I. Hp H E Names. It feems not to have any
JL Greek Name : but the Latins call it Co-
fus hortorum major : fome call it Balfamita major ,
Mentha Grxca, Mentha Romana, Mentha Coiymbi-
fera major, Mentha Saracenica ■, by Gefner, in Hor-
t/s , Oviarta : by Ccefalpinus, Herb a Maria • and
Lajfulata by others : In Englifh , CoJhnary , or Alc-
eoaji.

II. The Kinds. Of the Cofus hortorum , there are
two K inds, vie. i . The Greater, which is Cofhnary,
of which in this Chapter. 2. The Lejfer , which
is Maudlin, of which in its place, in fome one of
the following Chapters of this Book : Many Au-
thors join thefe two Plants together in one Chap-
ter, making them as two Species under one Genus :
But in my Opinion, notwithfhmding the Unity or
Samenefs of the Latin Name, they are truly two
differing Herbs.

III. The Defcription. Coftmary hem a Root which
is fomewhat hard, and very full of Strings, which
being divided with the Heads of Leaves, may be re-
planted in the Spring time for encreafe. From this
Root fpring forth many broad and long pale green
Leaves, dented, or cut a little about the Edges, eve-
ry one funding upon a long Footfalk -, among which
rife up many round green Stalks, with fuel ) like
Leaves thereon , but lejfer up towards the top, where
it Jprcads into three , four, or more Branches, every
one bearing an Umble or fca/y Tuft of gold yellow

IV. The Places. It grows almoft every where
in Gardens, and is nurs’d up with us for the l'weec
Smelling of its flowers and Leaves. But in Italy
it has been found to grow naturally Wild in rough
and untilled places, elpecially in the Duke of Tuf-
canfs Dominions.

V. The Times. It Flowers in June and July, and
the Seed is ripe fome time after.

VI. The Vitalities. It is hot and dry in the end
of the fecond Degree. It is Aperitive, Abfterfive,
Carminative, Digeftive, Difcuffive, Diuretick, Trau-
matick or Vulnerary j it is all'o Cephalick, Neuro-
tick, Stomatick, Cordial, Nephritick, and Hyfte-
rick •, Alexipharmick, and Analeptick.

VII. The Specification. It is lingular in curing all
forts of Green Wounds.

VIII. The Preparations. You may prepare there-
from, 1. A liquid Juice. 2. An EJJence. 3. An
Infufion or Decoffion. 4. A Ponder. 5. An Oil
by Inflation. 6. An Ointment. 7. A Balfam. 8. A
Cataplafm. 9. A Spirituous Tintture. 10. An Acid
Tintlure. 1 1. An Oily Tintfure. 12. A Saline
Tintture. 13. A Spirit. 14. An Oil Dijiilled.
15. Potefates or Powers. 16. An Elixir. 17. A
Fixed Salt.

The Virtues.

IX. The liquid Juice of the Herb. It provokes
Urine mightily, by opening ObltruUions of the
Urinary Parts j and by inje&ion takes away the
hardnefs of the Womb, if it be not Cancerous:
It gently evacuates Choler and Flegm, attenuates

that

Chap, i y 6. ‘Englifh Herbs .

222

that which is thick and grofs, cuts and divides that
which is tough and glutinous, cleanl'es that which
is foul, hinders Corruption or Putrcraciion, diffolves
without Attraction, opens Obitruftions, and re-
moves their evil effects. It ftrengthsns the Sto-
mach and Liver, and all the other Vifcera ; and if
it is taken from two ounces to four, or fix, in Cla-
rified Whey, it operates the more effectually to all
the aforenamed intentions. Being alfo duly given
Morning and Evening, as alfo about two or three
hours before the coming of a QuotidianAgue, it
rS very powerful in reprelhng it, and for the molt
part Cures it.

X. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the li-
quid Juice, and indeed more powerful to all the in-
tentions ; befides which, it is an excellent thing to
be uled Dietetically by all thofe who have com-
poled Wounds, running Sores, old and putrid Ul-
cers, inveterate Fiftula’s, or have a Cachexia, or are
inclinable to the Green-ficknefs, in which laft cafe,
it does as much as molt Vegetables can do. It may
be given either alone of it felf, or mixt with a
glafs of White Port Wine, from one ounce to fix,
every Morning faffing, and laft every Night at
Bed time. Thus taken, it is alfo very profitable
againlt continual Pains of the Head, to flop, dry
up, and confume all thin diffillations, which are
apt to fall upon the Lungs, and helps to digelt
raw Humors. It is a truly beneficial thing to the
Bowels, and kills Worms in Children.

XI. T he Infufion , or TecoSion in Wine. They
have the Virtues of the Juice and Eflence, but not
full out fo powerful, and therefore may be given
to half a Pint, Morning, Noon, and Night. It
opens Obitruftions of the Womb, and if leafonably
taken, viz. about a Week before the time, it pro-
vokes the Terms in Women.

XII. The Louder of the Leaves. It is a good
Stomatick, and may be taken from half a dram, to
two drams, Morning and Night, in any proper Ve-
hicle. I commend it to fuch as are apt to have the
Gout to fly upwards into the Stomach : it is Aftrin-
genr, relilfs Poifon, and the bitings of Venomous
Bealts, and kills Worms in Humane Bodies.

XIII. T he Oil bylnfolation , or boiling in Oil Olive.
It warms and comforts Parts affefted with any
Preternatural Coldnels, and refills the afflux of cold
and moilt Humors, it difculfes Swellings, and gives
cafe in the Gout, Sciatica, and other like Pains.

XIV. The Ointment. If it is made with the ad-
dition of Adiers-tonguc , it is an excellent thing to
cure Burnings and Scaldings, whether with tire,
Water, or Oil, and to cleanfe and heal old Ulcers ,
and particularly to difcufs hard Tumors in Womens
Breafts.

XV. The Balfam. It not only cures firnple Green
Wounds at the.firft Intention, but alfo digefts and
maturates thofe which are Compofed or Compli-
cate. 1$ digefts putrid and eating Ulcers, and by
its Anodyn quality eafes their Pains ; it cleanfes
them, and if hollow, or wanting in flefh, it incar-
nates ; and by its Aftringent property, it dries up
their Humidities, ftrengthens the part, and brings
the Sore to a ipeedy healing.

XVI. The Cataplafm. Applied, it difculfes re-
cent Contufions, cleanfes old and running Sores, re-
fills the putridity of Ulcers, eafes the Gout, ftreng-
thens weak Limbs and Joints, abates Inflammations,
and draws out the fire in Burnings, being applied
before they are blitter’d.

XVII. The Spirituous TinSure. It warms and
drys a cold and moift Stomach, and is an efpecial
thing to. help an evil, weak, cold, and dif-
affefted Liver. It prevails againlt Convullions, and
the diftemperature, or tortions of the Bowels,

ftrengthens the Nerves, Head and Brain, and hems
all cold and moift dilaffeftions of thole parts. By
the conftant taking of it. Hops and dries up Catarrhs,
and the affluxes of cold Rheums to other parts of
the Body ; and is very profitable againlt an invete-
rate Head-ach, proceeding from a cold and moift
Caule.. Dole one lpoonful Morning and Night, in
a Glafs of Sherry, Canary; White Poit, or other
Generous Wine.

XVIII. The Acid TinSure. It is a molt lingular
Stomatick, refills Crudities and Putrifjftion, and
therefore is very good againlt all Putrid, Malign,
and Peltilential Fevers : it quenches Thirlt, caul'es
a good Appetite to Food, and helps digeltion. And
being prudently adminiitred, it is a very effectual
Medicament to kill.Worms in Children. Bathed
well in, Morning, Noon, and Night, upon places
affected with the Gout, it opens the Pores, attracts
and draws forth the malign Humor, eafes the Pain
to a Miracle, difculfes the Tumor, and quickly re-
ftores the Patient to his defired health. When it is
taken inwardly, it is to be given in lbme proper
Vehicle, or Wine, to a grateful Acidity ; it repref-
les Vapors from the Womb, and is to be -taken
Morning, Noon, and Night.

XIX. The Oily TinSure. It eafes all external
Aches or Pains in any part of the Body whatsoever,
proceeding from a cold and moift Caufe, it takes
away, the relaxation of the Nerves, and Mufcles,
prevails wonderfully againlt the Palfie, and ftreng-
thens the Mufcles, Nerves, Tendons and Joints, be-
ing weakned through Pain, or any afflux of Humors.
But in cafe of the Palfie, the Back-bone, from- the
Neck to the Antis, is daily, Morning and Night, to
be well anointed therewith, as allb all the Parts
which are affefted, rubbing and chafing it in. It
cures the Nerves, being Prickt or Wounded, imme-
diately eafing the Pain, and abating the Tumor j
and in a Ihort time after heals the Wound. If it is
taken inwardly from twelve to twenty or thirty
drops, in any Homogene Vehicle, it cures cold and
moilt Diftempers of the Head, Brelt and Lungs,
and prevails againlt the Head-ach, Megrim, Vertigo,
Carus, Lethargy, Apoplexy, Falling-ficknefs, Palfie
of the Head and Tongue, and other Difeafes of like
kind. It alfo opens Obitruftions of the Reins and
Womb, and is prevalent againlt Vapors, and Fits of
the Mother.

XX. The Saline TinSure. Given to one dram,
or more, in a Glals-of White Port Wine, Morning
and Evening, it Angularly opens the Urinary Pal-
lages,and powerfully provokes Urine, expelling all
preternatural, or Tartarous Matter out of the Reins,
Ureters, and Bladder, and is very prevalent againlt
a Sureties , or Anafarca , which is a Drop/ie in tile
Hefhy parts of the whole Body.

XXI. The Spirit. It is Cordial, and refills Poi-
fon, and is prevalent againlt Fainting and Swoon-
ing Fits, Vapors, and Fits of the Mother .- it refills
the malignity of the Plague or Peftilence, and the
contagion of the Spotted Fever, or other infeftious
Difeafes ; it is good alfo againlt the Venom ot Ser-
pents, as of the Viper, Rattle Shake, and others of
that kind, the poifon of Mad-Dogs, for which there
are but few better - remedies. It is -a lingular thing
againlt Vomiting, and ficknels at Heart, by revi-
ving the Spirits, and ltrengthening the Parts."

XXII. The Dijh/led Oil. Taken inwardly in
any proper Vehicle ( being firft dropt into White
Sugar) it comforts the Head, Brain, and Nerves,
dries up cold and moilt Humors, and is helpful a-
gainft all thofe Difeafes which are caufed by them,
in any of the Parts aforenamed. Ic cures Pallies,
inwardly taken and outwardly applied ; fo alfo
Convullions, happening in what part of the Body

foevsi.

224 Salmon V

l'oever. Taken to a dram at a time, in l'ome proper
\ chide, two hours before the coming of the Fit
of an Ague, it cures it more efpecially if it is ta-
ken or repeated two, three, or four times : The beft
thing to take it in ( in this cafe ) is the ftrongeft
Wine : in the fame ( and in the fame Dofe) alfo in
a Palfie •, but in other Diftempers it may be taken
from ten to twenty or thirty drops : outwardly al-
fo anointed upon Cramps, and parts Convulfed, it
gives relief in a Ihort time.

XXIII. The Powers. They have all the fame
Virtues with the Oil, and are much more Subtil
and Penetrative, yet may be taken in a much larger
Dole, as from a dram to four drams, in any proper
Vehicle. They have alfo all the Virtues of the
Spirit, aforementioned, and ftrengthen the Sto-
mach admirably. Given Morning and Night in
White Port Wine, or in fome other Diuretick Ve-
hicle, as in Parfley, or hot Arfmart Water, Deco-
£fion, or Infufion of Winter Cherries, Lfc. they
powerfully open Obftruflions of the Reins, Ure-
ters, and Bladder, provoke Urine, and expel all
Tartarous Matter, as Stones, Gravel, Sand, Slime,
Matter, CAr. lodged in thole Parts.

XXIV. The Elixir. It has all the Virtues of the
Spirit, Diftilled Oil, and Powers, exalted, perform-
ing more effeftually, and more gratefully to the
Stomach, all that it is polfible for thofe Preparati-
ons to do. It renovates, as it were, the Blood, and
all the Juices, ftrengthens the Heart, and comforts
the whole Univerfal Frame, making the Patient
pleafant, lively, chearful, and giving him a health-
ful habit of Body. Being bathed upon parts affe-
cted with the Gout, in a cold habit of Body ^ it
gives relief, and in a Ihort time. Taken inwardly
in a Glafs of Canary, ffom one dram to three or
four, it gives prefent eafe in the Colick, by diffipa-
ting and expelling theWind.

XXV. The Fixed Salt. It is good againft Dif-
eafes of the Nerves, by carrying off the Matter
which obftrufts them, by the Reins ^ for it diffolves
Vifcous Juices in all parts of the Body, efpecially
in the Blood, and caufes them to be pifs’d forth *
for as it opens Obftruftions of the Urinary Parts,
and provokes Urine, by its mixtion with the Blood,
lo it carries off the Morbifick Matter of Palfies,
Numbnefs, Rheumatifins, and Obftru&ions ( be they
where they will) the right way, viz. by that way
which Nature feems molt inclin’d to promote, which
is molt commonly by Urine. Dofe twenty, thirty,
or forty grains Morning and Night, in a large glafs
of White Port Wine.

CHAP. CLVII.

Of COWSLIPS.

I. ' | A H E Names. Some doubt whether the
X Greeks knew this Plant or no ; however
later Authors have called it f, ^ B anvn

MmU • ln Latin , Paralyfis , Herba Paralyfis , Herba
Paralytica , Alifma Diofcoridis , according to Fabius
Columna , Alifma Prat or urn , Arthritic a, Herba Ar-
thritica , Dodecatheon , Primula veris major : and in
Englijh , Cowflips , Oxlips , and Paigles.

II. The Kinds There are feveral forts hereof,
as, I. Paralyfis vulgaris pratenfis flore flavo fimplici
odorato , The Common Field Cowflip. 2. Paraly-
fis altera odor at a flore pallido polyanthos , The Prim-
rofe, or many dowered Cowflip. 3. Paralyfis flore

Herbal. Lib. 1

Viridante fimplici. The Angle green Cowflip. 4. Pa-
ralyfis flore y Calice Crijpo. , The curled Cowflip.
5. Paralyfis flore geminaio odorato , The double Cow-
flip, one within another. 6. Paralyfis flore Flavo
fimplici wodoro fine Calicibus , Single Oxlips. 7. Pa-
ralyfis flore gcminato inodora , Double Oxlips, hofe
in hofe. 8. Paralyfis inodora calicibi/s diffeclis , Ox-
lips with Jagged Husks. 9. Paralyfis flore fatuo ,
The foolifh Cowflips. 10. Paralyfis hortcnfis flore
pleno , Double Garden Cowflips. 1 1 . Paralyfis flore
viridante pleno, Double green Cowflips. 12. Para-
lyfis flore viridante , five Calamiftrato , The Double
green feathered Cowflip, or green Rofe Cowflip.

III. There are feveral Plants called by the name
of Primula veris , ( from their being the fir ft Flow-
ers which appear in the Spring ) and to which that
name is Genus , they being all various Species of
the fame, viz. 1. Primula veris major, five Paraly-
fis, The Cowflip or Oxlip, of which we have be-
fore enumerated twelve feveral Kinds, wliofe De-
fcriptions we fhall give in this Chapter. 2. Pri-
mula veris minor , The Primrofe, Single and Double,
of which hereafter. 3. Primula viris P achyphy/los.
Auricula TJrfi , Bears Ears, three feveral Kinds of
which we have treated in Chap. 59. patt. 4. Pri-
mula veris minor flore Rubro & A/bo , The White
and Red Birds Eye, of which in Chap. 7 2. afore-
going : this being laid, we come to the matter in
hand.

IV. The Defcriptions. The fir ft, or Common
Cowflip, has Roots like to the Primrofe, with many
Fibres annexed to the greater Root from which
fpring up feveral green Leaves , very like unto the
Wild Primrofe, but fhorter, rounder, ft iffer, rougher ,
more crumpled about the edges, and of a f adder
green color, every one ftanding upon its Stalk, of an
Inch or two long. From among thefe Leaves rife up
divers round naked Stalks ofawhilifh color, a foot,
more or lefs, high, bearing at the top many fair fin-
gle yellow Flowers, growing out of a long Husk, up-
on a fhort Footftalk, with fpots of a deeper yellow
at the bottom of each Leaf, and fuelling very Sweet.

V. The

Chap, i y 7. Unglijh 'Herbs

22

V. T be fecomt, which is lhe Primrofe Cowflip.
or many Tlowred, has a Root like lhe former , from
which Jfring forth Leaves , which are larger than
lhe Common Field Cowflip, and of a dark yellowijh
green color ; from the midjl of which Jfring up fe-
veral Stalks like the other ; at the tops of which are
the flowers , which are manifold , ana growing toge-
ther in Husks like the former , Jometimes to the
number of thirty in one Head, at the top of one Stalk ,
and Jometimes more, every one of them having a
longer f'ootftalk than the Common Kind , which is
requifite by redfon-cf their great number : they are
of a pale yellowijh color, almoft like thofe of the Field
Primrofe, with yellow Jpots at the bottom of the
Leaves , as the Common Kind have , and of afweet
Smell.

VI. The third , or Single Green Cowflip, has a
Root like the firft , with many fibres annexed, and
from which there is but little difference either in its
Root, or Leaf ■, the chief difference in this Kind be-
ing, that the Leaves are fomewbat greater 5 the
flowers being in all refpetls like inform to the fir ft
f ield Kind, but fomewbat larger, and of the
fame color with the whitijh yellpwifh green Husks,
or rather a little yellower, and of very little Smell:
In any other thing there is no dwerjtty , but that it
is much longer in flower, before it fades, efpecia/ly
if >t grows out of the Sun.

VII. The fourth , or Curled Cowllip, differs chief-
ly in the f lowers, which are folded or crumpled at
the edges, the Husks of the flowers being larger
than any of the former, more f welling out in the
middle, ns it were Ribs, and crumpled on the fides
of the Husks.

VIII. The fifth, or Double Cowflip, one in another ,

which fame call hoje in hofe, has each Single flower
growing out of another, which makes the fame Dou-
ble ; for which reafon Pena calls it Geminata, for
that the flowers are brought forth like Tains : The
Smell is the fame with the common Field Cowflip
but Jomething weaker. r’

IX. Theftxth, or Single Oxflip, is a kind of
Cowllip, which has Roots, and Leaves, and Stalks
like the firjl Kind, but fomewbat fmaller : the flow-
ers are yellow like the firjl Cowflip, and fmaller
aljo, jlanding many upon a Stalk , but bare or naked
without any Husk to contain them, and having no
other thing beftdes differing from the Common, or
Field Cowflip.

■ Jhefeventh: °r Double Oxlip, called, Hofe
m Hofe, is almoft like the. former Double Cowflip
or Hole in Hole, having its Jingle flowers cne with-
in another, faving that this has no Husks to con-
tain them, no more than the former Oxlips but
flands bare or naked, and of the very fame bignefs
each of them, and of the fame deep yellow color with
it, and with as little Smell as the Single. There is
another of this Species whofe Leaves are fomewbat
larger, as alfo the flowers , but of a paler yellow
color. J

XI. The eighth, or Oxlip with Jagged Leaves
differs not from the firft Single Oxlip in thefmali
nefs of the green Leaves, but in the flower, which
ftanding many of them together on a reafonable high
Stalk , are very f mall and yellow, and. fcarce open or
lay abroad thenif elves, but appear only , as having a
green Husk under each Flower, which is divided into
fix fever al fmall long pieces.

XII. Tide ninth , or Foolifh Cowllip, differs not
much in Leaves from the former Cowflip, but bears
at the top of the Stalk a Tuft or Bufh of fmall. lone
green Leaves , with Come yellow Leaves , as it were
pieces of flowers broken, and Jlanding among the

Leaves. And Jometimes fome Stalks among
tnoje green Leaves at the Top ( which are a little

larger than when it has but broken pieces of Flow
ers ) do carry whole Flowers in Husks like the
Single Kind.

XIII. The tenth , or Double Garden Cowflip, has
fmaller and darker green Leaves , than the firjl
Single Field Kind has , and longer Foot ft a Iks alfo , on
which the Leaves do fi and : It bears fever al Flowers
upon a Stalk , but not fo many as the Single Kind ,
every one of which is of a much deeper and fairer
yellow color than any of the former, / landing not
much above the brims of the Husks which hold them ,
conjijhng each oj two or three rows of Leaves, fet
round together, which makes it very thick and dou-
ble, of a pretty pleafant fweet Smell, but not
Heady.

XI V. The eleventh, or Double green Cowflip,

is fo like to the fmgle green kind, before Aefcribed,
that until it is near flowering, it can hardly be di-
ftmguifhed from the Single Kind : but when it is in
flower, it has large Double Flowers, of the fame yel-
lowifh green color, with the Single Green, and more
laid open orfpreading than the Flowers of the former
Double Cowflip. J

XV. The twelfth, or Double Green Feathered
Cowflip hasjfut little difference in the Leaves from
the Double Green laft deferibed, but that they are
not of fo dark a Green. The principal difference
confijls in the Flowers, which are many, Jlanding toge-
ther at the tops of the Stalks, but far differing from
all others of thefe kinds for every Flower Jlanding
upon its own Stalk , is compofed of many very fmall
and narrow Leaves, without any Husk to contain
them, but fpreading open like a little Rofe,( whence
came the name of Role Cowflip ) of a pale yellow iff)
green color, and without any Smell at all, abiding ' in
Flower ( efpecially if it fiends in a fhadowy place out
oj the Sun ) above two Months , almojl in as per fell
beauty , as in the firjl Week.

XVI. The P laces. All thefe Kinds have been found
growing Wild in England, and from their natural
places of growth, they have been tranfplanted into
our Gardens,wheie they abide * and being in a richer
Mould, grow larger and fairer than in their natural
places.

XVIL The Times. They all Flower in the Spring
ol the Year, fome earlier, and fome later, according
as they are defended from Cold and Froft, and as the
mildnefs of the Seafon will permit. They Flower
at the latter end of April and in May , ( later than
Primrofes do) and the Single and Double green
Cowjlips the lateft, and continue flowering a nretiv
while after all the reft. r 1

. XVIII. The Qualities. They are all hot and dry
in the firft Degree, They are Aperitive, do Atte-
nuate, are Digeftive, Difcuffive, Incarnative, Trau-
matick or Vulnerary ^ Cephalick, Neurotick and
Arthritick.

XIX. The Specification. They are lingular for the
cure of Pallies and Gouts.

XX. The Preparations. You may have therefrom

i . A liquid Juice. 2. An Efjence. 3. A Wine of
the Flowers. 4. A Pouder 0} the Leaves. 5. An
Ointment of the Flowers. 6. A Cataplafm of the
Wlfole Plant. 7. A Dijlilled Water of the Whole.

8. A Spirituous Tintlure of Leaves and Flowers

9. An Oily Tintlure of the fame. 10. A Saline Tin-
cture. u . A Spirit. 12. A Fixed Salt. 12. A
Balfam .

The Virtues.

. Lhe liquid Juice. Snufft up the Noftlils,

it is an excellent Errhine to purge the Head and
Brain of cold, grofs, vifeous Humors, which ob-
ltruLt the Roots of the Nerves, and parts adjacent.
Given inwardly from two ounces to four, it cafes
G g pains

2 2 6 Salmon’ s 'Herbal. Lib. L

pams m cite back and Bladder, and opens the
palFages of the Urine, caufing a free and eafie
piflmg.

XXII. The EJfence. It has the former Virtues,
and as it is an admirable Neurotick, fo it helps all
infiimities of the Mead, Brain, and Nerves, coming
of Cold, Wind, or moift Humors, as the Vertigo,
Ephuiics or Night-mare, falfe Apparitions or V. him-
iies, Phrenfies, Efrilepjies , or Falling-ficknefs, rallies,
C’oiivullions, Cramps, and other Pains of the Nerves
and Joints. Dole three ounces or more in a Glals
of Wine, Morning and Night, bathing alfo twice
a Day very well, the parts affefted with the

XXIII. T he Wine of the Flowers. It is Cordial
and Confortative, ref reifies the Spirits, and is con-
ducive to all the purposes aforementioned : The
Patient may drink a Glafs of it halt an hour afore
Dinner, or any other time of eating.

XXIV. A Fonder of ibe Leaves. It is a fmall
kind of an Errhine, being fnufft up the Noftrils,
and fo purges the Head,- but yet very gently. Be-
ing ltrewed upon old running Sores or Ulcers, it
cleanfes, dries, and heals them, and takes away
the fharpnels of Humors, Pain, or Inflammation
therein, if prelent : it may be ltrewed on dry, or
mixed with Unguent ion Nicotian#, and fo ap-
plied.

XXV. The Ointment. If it is made of the Flow-
ers, either by Infolation, or a boiling to Crifpnefs,
and a treble repetition of the fame, it is faid by
Authors to take away fpots and wrinkles of the
Skin, Sun-burnings, and Freckles, adding Beauty,
and heightning the Complexion. If the Ointment
is made of the Leaves, . it is an excellent thing to
heal fimple Green Wounds, cleanfe old Ulcers, dry
up and heal inveterate running Sores, Lfc.

XXVI. The Cataplafm. Applied upon the fpot,
it difeufles fimple Contufions, and prevails againft
the Gout in the Hands or Feet, by comforting and
ftrengthening the Nerves, and eafing their pain, be-
ing often repeated as need requires.

XXVII. The Di f illed Water of the whole Flant.
It is ufed as a Vehicle for other Cephalic k and Neu-
rotic k Preparations : In the mean Seafon it is faid
to be CoJmetick , and therewith the Face and Skin
may be walhed every Morning after the Ointment
is rubbed off.

XXVIII. The Spirituous Tincture. It has all the
Virtues of the Fffence ; and is much more Cordial,
and therefore better againft Fainting and Swooning
Fits, ficknefs at Heart, and other Diftempers in
which the Vitals are concerned. Dofe half a fpoon-
ful or more in a Glafs of Generous Wine.

XXIX. The Oily T 'Mure. It is peculiar againft
the Palfie and Gout, as alfo Convulfions, Cramps,
PunUures of the Nerves, Cfc. in all which cafes, it
his fcarcely any equal : In Palfies anoint with it
Morning and Evening, all along the Back-bone, from
the Vertebra of the Neck, almoft to the Anus , as
alfo the Parts affefted, rubbing it very well in ; in
Gouts, ( from a cold Caufe ) Convulfions, Cramps,
Punclunes, Efc. you may only anoint the parts af-
fefled -, but in Convulfions, it will be good alfo to
take it inwardly ( in fome Neurotick Vehicle)
Morning and Night, from fifteen drops to thirty or
forty, as the Exigency may require.

XXX. The Saline Tintfure. If it is daily taken
twice a day, from half a dram to one dram, in a
good Glafs of White Port Wine or Canary, it
powerfully opens Obftruftions of the Urinary parts,
and eafes pains- in the Reins, Ureters and Bladder •
and if any Sand, Gravel, Small Stones, or Tartar-
ous Mucilage be lodged in thofe parts, it cleanfes
them thereof, and expells it.

XXXI. The Fixed Salt. It is Neurotick and
Diuretick, peculiarly dedicated to the Head, Brain,
Nerves, Reins and Bladder : It is good againft the
Jaundice, and carries it off, as alfo Febritick Di-
ftempers by Urine, being given to half a dram in
White Port Wine.

XXXII. The Baljam. It is an admirable Vulne-
rary, curing fimple Green Wounds at the firft inten-
tion : If they be compofed, it digefts them, or
brings them to maturation, refills putrefa&ion,
cleanfes, incarnates, dries and heals them in a very
fhort time. If it is mixt with equal parts _ of Un-
guent urn Nicotian a, it performs all thefe things the
more admirably, and is a Medicament which every
good Country man ought to keep always in his
Houfe.

CHAP. CLVIIl.

‘Of COWSLIP Spotted.

i.'T-' H E Name:. It does not appear that this
1 Plant was known to the Greek:, yet fome,
as accounting it among the Kinds oi Comfrey, have
called it sfatmr e<na or : It is called in Latin, iul-
tnonaria , ( and yet it is no Species of the Lung-
wort:, as we (hall, God willing, hereafter Ihew : )
alfo, Symphitum maculofum : and in Enghjh, Jeru-
falem Comjlip, and Spotted Comjlip , ( and yet it is
not of the Species of Comjlip: : ) alfo Sage of Je-
rufalem , Sage of Bethlem , Spotted Lungwort, and
Spotted Comfrey.

II, The Kinds. Authors make three Species or
Kinds of this Plant, viz. I . P idmonaria maculoft
vulgaris , Common fpotted Jerufalem Cowilips.

2 Eulmt-

Chap. 1 58. ‘Englijh Herbs.

2. Pulmonaria maculofa altera, ( Parkinfon fays,
non maculoja ) Pulmonaria Echij foliis , Buglofs
Leav’d Jerufalem Cowflip. 3. Pulmonaria angufti-
folia ( jffcunda Clufij ) Narrow Leav’d Jerufalem
Cowflip. All which Plants, Gerard fays, are the
True Lungworts.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft of thefe has a
Root compofed of many long and thick black firings-,
from whence arife many rough , Large , and round
Leaves , but pointed at the ends , fianding upon long
Loot jlalks , J potted with many round white foots on
the upper Jutes of the Leaves , which are of a fad
green or brown color on the tops , but of a grayer
green underneath, from among thefe Leaves fpring
up fever al brown Stalks , a foot , more or left , high
bearing many Flowers at the tops , very much refem-
bling thofe of Cowflips, being of a purple or rediifh
color , while they are Buds , and of a dark blewijh
color when they are blown , fianding in brownijh
green Husks (J'ometimes this Plant has been found
with white Flowers : ) The Flowers being pali, J. mall
round Heads, like Buttons, come up, in which is con-
tained fmall black Seed.

IV. The fecond. or Buglofs Jerufalem Cowflip,
is like unto the former , but greater in each ref pelt :
the Roots black like unto the firfi ; the Leaves, fays
Gerard, are bigger than the former, ( but Parkinfon
Jins fma/ler) being rough like the former, refembling
Wild Buglofs Leaves, of a fairer color above, and
of a whiter -underneath, Spotted with white fpots like
the firfi, fays Gerard ( but without any fpots at all,
fays Parkinfon -• ) The Stalks are a little more
branched than the other : at the tops of which come
forth Flowers like to the firfi inform, and of an ex-
ceeding red Jhining color.

V. The third, or Narrow Leav’d Jerufalem Cow-
flip, or Lungwort, which is the fecond of Clufius,
has a Root which is black , and ftringy, in which lajl
refpeH it is like unto Cowflips, as are both the
ether. From this Root fpring forth Leaves fome-
what longer than the lift defcrtbcd, and not fo broad,
which are rough and hairy like unto the Leaves of
Echium or Wild Buglofs, but narrower, and Spotted
with whitijh fpots alfo like the former. The Stalk
is about afoot high, or better, fet with the like long
hairy Leaves, but f mailer, bearing at the top a bun-
dle of many Flowers, fianding in Husks like the firfi
( in fajhion , fays Gerard, like thofe of Buglofs, or
thofe laft defer ibed -, ) being fomewhat reddijh in the
Bud, and of a dark purplijh blew color, when they
are fully blown, and having Seed alfo like the others.
All thefe Plants do well refemble Buglofs or Com-
frey in moft parts, excepting in their Roots : And
thefe are they which, Gerard fays, are the true Lung-
wort ; ( but Cowflip is indeed the more ufual
name. ) '

VI. The Places. All thefe grow naturally in the
Woods of Germany in divers places : Parkinfon
fays, that the firft Kind is found in England. John-
fon upon Gerard fays, that the fecond Pulmonaria
folij Echij was found by Mr. John Goodyer flower-
ing in a Wood by Holbury Houfe in the New For eft
in Hampjhire. Their natural place is in moift and
fhadowy Woods, but with us they are for the moft
part Nurs’d up in Gardens.

VII. The Times. They flower generally very ear-
ly in the Year, for the moft part in March, and in
the beginning of April.

VIII. The §>jtdlities,Specijicatwn,Virtues and Ufes,
are much like thofe of Comfrey, in Chap. 149. afore-
going, to which you are referred ; but doubtlefs
as thefe have not luch a Vifcofity, as our common
Comfrey has, fo in many cafes they may not be all
out fo powerful : but as thefe are more drying and
binding than Comfrey, fo alfo in lome other cafes,

227

they may exceed Caw/z-iy. And whereas in Com f rev
the Root is chiefly uled ; in thefe Plants, the Leaves
are the moft confiderable.

IX. An Obfervation. The liquid Juice or E fence
of the Leaves, or whole Plant, have been found by
large Experience to be Angularly good for the Cure
of Ulcerated Lungs, which are full of corrupted
and rotten Matter : and it has been found to be a
Cure for thole who Ipit Blood. Dofe two, three
or four ounces in a Glafs of pure Red Port Wine’
But the greateft ufe which our Countrey People
make of it, is for a Pot Herb.

CHAP. CLIX.
O/CRANES-BILL Garden,

*• r HE Names. It is called in Greek, Tte&m.

X in Latin Geranium j alfo Gruinalis, Roftrum
fruis-> „or Gruinum , Roll rum Qicoriice. ( from the
form of the Seed VelTels : ) in Englijh, Storks-bilL
and Cranes-bill.

II. The Kinds. There ate many Kinds of this
riant, as, 1. uftor.v iui&r, Geranium Horten /?„
Garden Cranes-bill ', of which in this Chapter*
2. Geranium Mofchatum, Masked Cranes-bill, of
which in Chap. 160. 3. Geranium Batfachoides
Crowfoot Cranes-bill, of which in Chap. 1 5 1 . 4 Ge-
ranium agrefte. Field Cranes-bill, of which in Chap.
162. y. Geranium Columbinum, Doves-foot of
which in Chap. . 6. Geranium Robertianum
Herb Robert , of which in Chap. . following.

CrcmesM/l

III Tfe Garden Kwds, of which we treat in
this Chapter are manifold, viz. 1. Geranium Tu-
berofum. Tuberous or Knobbed Cranes-bill. 2. Ge-
ranium Angheum Variegatum Bejleri, Geranium
Verjicolcr, five ftnatum , the Variable, or Strip’d
Cranes-bill. 3. Geranium fife urn five mac ul at urn
Brown, or fpotted Cranes-bill. 4. Geranium IU-
G g 2 mat aides

228 Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. I.

mutoides , vel Sanguine um , Geranium Gruinale bsma-
toiJes Lobellij , Bloody Cranes-bill, or Red Rofe
Cranes-bill-

IV. The Defcriptions. The fbfi or Tuberous
Cranes-bill has a Root Tuberous and round , /z/fe */-
mofi unto the Root of Cyclamen, or common Sow-
bread, but J, mailer , <7/7;/ of a dark ruffe t color on the
out fide , but white within , which cncreafcs under
Ground by fever al firings running from the Mother
Root , /welling out into f inal l round Tubercles or
Knobs , //.(f zz/7/0 //;*? R00/X 0/ Ground Nuts ,. which
will quickly fhoot out Teaves , <7/zi 777 a Jhort time
bear blowers ^ but will not endure to be kept long
out of the ground, without danger to be quite f polled,
b'rom this Root /firing forth three or four large
Leaves fpread upon the ground, of a greyifh, or ra-
ther dufiy green color, every one of them being as it
were of a round form, but divided or cut into fix
or f even long parts or divifions, even unto the mid-
dle, zvhich makes it feem to be fo many Leaves,
each of the cuts or divifions being deeply notched or
indented on both fdes. Among thefe Leaves rifes
up a Stalk a foot or more high, bearing thereon at
the Tops and Joints, feveral pale, but bright pur-
ple Flowers, made of five Leaves apiece •, after which
come fmall Heads , with long pointed Beaks , refem-
bling the long Bill of a Stork or Crane, or fome fuch
like Bird -, which after it is ripe, parts a funder at
the bottom, where it is biggefi , into four or five
Seeds, every otne of which has a piece of the Beak-
head fafined Unto it, and falls away if it be not ga-
thered.

sniped Cranes-Mlt

V. The fecond, or Striped Cranes-bilL, has a Root
?nade of many fmall yellow threads or firings ■, from
which rife up many broad yellowifh green Leaves,
divided into five or fix parts, but not unto the mid-
dle, as the former is -, each of thefe Leaves has a
blackifh fpot at the bottom corners of the divifions •,
the whole Leaf, as well in form, as color and fpots,
is very like unto the Leaf of the Geranium Fulcum,
or Spotted Cranes-bill, next to be defer ibed -, but

that the Leaves of this are not fo large as the Leaves
of that : From among thefe Leaves fpring up feve-
ral Stalks a foot or more high, jointed and knobbed
here and there, bearing at the Tops two or three
white Flowers, confiding of five Leaves a piece, fo
thickly, and variably firiped with fine fmall reddijh
Veins, that no green Leaf, which is of that bignefs,
can fbew fo many Veins in it, nor fo thick running,
evs every Leaf of the Flower of this beautiful Cranes-
bill doth. In the middle of the Flower fiands a fmall
point el, which when the Flower is pafi, does grow
to be the Seed-Veffel, on which is Jet feveral fmall
Seeds , like unto the fmall Seeds of the other Cranes-
bills.

VI. The third, which is the Brown, or Spotted
Cranes-bill, has a Root confifiing of divers great
Strings, joined to aTuberous or Knobby Head •, front
which head a rifes Leaves in all refpetts like thofe
of the lafi deferibed, as well in the form and divi-
fions, as in the color of the Leaves, being of a yel-
/owijh green, and having a blackifh fpot at the bot-
tom of every divifion in every leaf, whence came the
name, but larger and fironger by much. The Stalks
of this rife much higher alfo, and are jointed or
knobbed with reddijh. Knees or Joints, on the Tops
whereof fiand, not many, but large Flowers, confifi-
ing of five Leaves apiece, each whereof is round at
the end, and a little fnipt round about, and do bend
or turn them/, elves back , towards the Stalk, making
the middle of the Flower to be the highefi , or mofi
eminent part : The color of the Flowers is of a dark,
or deep blackifh purple, the bottom of every Leaf
being whiter than the refi : it has alfo a middle
Point el growing forth, which afterwards turns into
Seed, like unto the other kinds of Cranes-bill.

VII. The fourth Kind, or Bloody Cranes-bill, has
a Root which is hard, long, and thick , with feveral
Branches fpreading from it, of a reddijh yellow color

on

Chap. 1 60. ‘Enghji

on the out fide, * and whitifh within , which abides , and
perifhes not, but /hoots forth fome new green Leaves,
which abide all the Winter, although thofe which
turn red, do fall away. From this Root divers Leaves
alfo fpritig, which fpread themf elves upon the ground ,
very much cut in or divided into many parts -, and
each of them again fit or cut into two or three pie-
ces, growing upon fender long Footfalks, of a fair
green color all the Spring, and Summer, but reddi/h
in Autumn, from among thefe Leaves Spring ■ up
feveral f ender and weak Stalks, befet at every Joint
( which is fomething reddi/h ) with two Leaves for
the moft part, like unto the lower. The Flowers
grow feverally on the Tops of the Stalks, but not
many together, in Bunches or Branches , as in all the
other kinds of Cranes-bills •, every Flower being as
large as a Single Rofe Campion Flower, conf fling
of five large Leaves, of a deeper red color than in
any other Cranes-bill at the firfl opening -, but chan-
ges more blewifh afterwards : when the Flower is
pafl , there does arife fuel) like Beaks, or Heads of
Seed, as are produced in the other kinds - but they
feem to be f mailer.

VIII. The P laces. All thefe grow Wild in Foreign
places, but are only nurs’d up with us in Gardens.
Matthiolus lays, that the foil: grows very plentiful-
ly in Dalmatia and Illyria : and Camerarius, Clufws
and others fay, that the reft grow in Germany, Bo-
hemia, Auftria, &c. •

IX. The Times. All thefe Cranes-bills do Flower
for the moft part, in April, May, and June : but
the Variable or Strip'd Cranes-bill Flowers ufually
later than any of the reft.

X. The Qualities, Specification , P reparations. Vir-
tues andUfes, of all the Cranes-bills, being one and
the fame, wefhall forbear the declaring thereof inthis
place, as alfo in fome of the following Chapters j
till fuch time as we have fully deferibed all fuch
kinds as are to be found growing in our Countrey :
and therefore I refer you to Chap. 162. where we
(hall ( God willing ) difeourfe the fame at large,
and to full latisfa&ion.

CHAP. CLX.

Of CRANES-BILL Musked.

I.* | v H E Names . It is called in Greek,

A (f,vw ", Bc7wv« 0 vel ts Ad%v ■ In Latin,
Geranium Mofchatum, alfo Acus Mojchata , Roftrum
Ciconi£ Mofchatum , Myrrhida Plinij, and Acus Pa-
floris : In Englifh, Musked Cranes-bill, or Storks-
bill, of the Vulgar, Musk, Mufchata, and Herb-
Musk.

II. The Kinds. We have four feveral forts of
this Plant, viz. 1. Geranium Mofchatum Vulgar e
vel Hortenfe , Herba Mofchus, the Common, or
Garden Musked Cranes-bill, or Herb Musk. 2. Ge-
ranium Mofchatum inodorum, Musked Cranes-bill
Without fmell, being only called Musked from its
form. 3. Geranium Apulum odor urn, alt e rum odo-
rum folio Coriandri , Italian Musked Cranes-bill.
4. Geranium Creticum, Candy Cranes-bill.

III. The Defcriptions. The firfl, or Musked
Cranes-bill, has a Root fome what long, with divers
Fibres thereat, from whence fpring up feveral long
winged Leaves, of a dark green color, ( and fome-
times of an Afh green color, or fomewhat whitifh by
reafon of the hairs which are thereon, ) lying upon
the ground, and cut or divided into many Parts or
Leaves and each of them cut in or fni ft on the

Ldges • among which rif e up weak h/tder Stakes?
fcarce able to fland upright, about a foot, more or
lefs high, with fome f uch like Leaves growing upon
them, as you find below, but Jmaller the higher /hoy
grow on the Stalk, and the finer cut in on the edges
on the Tops alfo among the upper Leaves fame-
times, feveral very fmall Red or Crimfon Flowers
grow, after which very fmall and long Beaks or Bills
come forth, with Seed at the bottom, as all the rejl
of the Cranes-bills have, which twines it felf, as
mofl of them do. The whole Plant, and every part
thereof above-ground, has a very fine and pleating
fort of fmell, very much refembling that of Musk$
whence came the name.

Musked kind vV'thOi:tS'me/f-

IV. The fecond kind, or Inodorous, in its Roots
Leaves, Stalks, Flowers b Magnitude, form ai d man-
ner of growing, Jo much refembles the former, that
at firfl fight there feem to be no ditjerenee : but
that which makes tv.e dijiinttwn is, that ibis whole

Plant

22 o Salmons Herbal. Lib. I.

J

P hint has no Smell at all ■, or if it has any , it is not
of the Musky kind this has Red Flowers : But
there Is alj'o another Species of this Inodorous kind ,
nothing differing from the luff hut in the color of
the Flowers , the color of thefe being white.

V. The third , or Italian Musked Cranes-bill, has
a Root fmall and yellow, lifting up its head a little
above ground, from 'whence Jpring up fever al long
Leaves , fomewhat hairy , lying upon the ground , and
a little f nipt or cut in on the edges , and divided in-
to part s, even to the middle Rib , not much unlike to
the Geranium Mofchatum fir ft dcfcribed , which
ft and upon reddifh Footftalks , the two loweft Jaggs
being greater than the reft but thofe which rife
up with the Stalk are more cut in , fomewhat like
unto the lower Leaves of Coriander or Fetherfew,
but with rounder dents * the Stalks are Jointed and
Kneed , with two fuch like Leaves at them , but more
finely jagged : at the tops of the Stalks and Branch-
es the blowers grow, of a pale blewifh purple color,
each ft ending in a green hairy Husk , wherein after-
wards ft and the heads of Seed , very like to the other
kinds , great below and fmall above. The whole
Riant above ground is of a Rleafing Sweet Musky
Smell , like the firft of thefe , and of which it is a
Species.

VI. The fourth, or Candy Cranes-bill, has a Root I
which is long and white , with fome Fibres adjoining I
to it and perifhes when it hen perfetted its Seed : I
from this Root fpring up fever al long and tender I
Stalks, foft and full of Juice, upon which grow fe-
ver al broad and tong winged Leaves, not much un-
like to the firft Musked Cranes-bill, cut in, or notch-
ed on the edges. Thefe Stalks fpread themfelves
out into many Branches, more efpecially towards the
Top, on the Tops of which grow many Flowers made
of five Leaves apiece , of a reafonable bignefs, and I
of a fair Blew, or Watchet color, with a purplifh
Pointel in the middle, which being paft, beak-like
heads follow, as in the other Cranes-bills, but great-
eb, and containing larger, great eb, and J, harper point-
ed Seed, able to pierce the skin. This Plant fprings
up many times of its own Sowing , if the Winter is
not too fharp -, otherwife being Annual, it muft be
Sown in the Spring of the Tear.

VII. The Places. The two firft grow Wild ( fays
Parkinfon ) in many places of this Land, as well
in Meadows as wafte Grounds. But the firft is now
nurfed up in Gardens for its plealant fweet Smell.
The fecond is found fometimes upon Heaths, and '
dry Gravelly places, but much fmaller than when it
grows in better or richer Ground. The third was
brought to us out of Italy , and the fourth out of
Candia, and in England are only nurs’d up in . Gar-
dens, where they grow very well.

VIII. The Times. They Flower in June and July,
and the Seed ripens not long after : the Candy
Cranes-bill, Gerard faith, flowered with him for the
moft part in May.

IX. As for the Vitalities, Specification , Prepara-
tions and Virtues ( thefe being of the fame nature
with the Wild Cranes-bills ) fee them in Chap. 162.
following. Thefe here are accounted excellent
Wound Herbs, and equal to Doves-foot : The Cre-
tick or Candy Cranes-bill being ufed in Wound
Drinks, does far. excell ( as Gerard fays ) any of
the Cranes-bills, and is equal with any other Wound
Herb whatfoever for the fame purpofe.

CHAP. CLXI.

Of CRANES-RILL-Crowfoot.

I. 'T' H E Names. It is called in Greek, Ti&.viov
X (ldL7ev.ytonhs : In Latin, Geranium Bairachi -
oides. Gratia Dei Fuchfij, Ranunculus cceruleus .*
and in Englifh, Crowfoot Cranes-bill.

II. The Kinds. There are fix feveral kinds here-
of, 1. Geranium Batrachioides flore Cgruleo, Blew
Crowfoot Cranes-bill. 2. Geranium Batrachioides
flore albo. White Crowfoot Cranes-bill. 3. Gera-
nium Batrachioides alter urn, flore pur pur eo. Purple
Crowfoot Cranes-bill. 4. Geranium Batrachioides ,
pullo flore. Dark Red Crowfoot Canes-bill. 5. Ge-
ranium Batrachioides flore albo ffl Cxrulco vario.
Party colored Crowfoot Cranes-bill. 6. Geranium
Batrachioides longius radicatum Lobelij , Long Root-
ed Crowfoot Cranes-bill.

III. TheDefcriptions. The firft, or Blew Crowfoot
Cranes-bill, has a Root which is compofed of many
reddifh firings, fpreading in the Ground, from a
head made of divers red heads, which lye oftentimes
above ground, from this Root fpring forth many large
Leaves, cut into five or fix parts or divifions, even
to the bottom, and jagged alfo on the edges, fet upon
very long flender Footftalks, very like to the Leaves
of the Field Crowfoot : from among which Leaves
divers Stalks fpring up with great Joints, fomewhat
reddifh, fet with Leaves like to the firft Garden
kind : The Stalks towards their Tops fpread them-
felves into many Branches, on which grow feveral
Flowers, made of five Leaves apiece, as large as any
of the Field Crowfoot, round pointed, and of a fair
Blew, or Watchet color, which being paft, fuch like
heads and bills do fucceed, as are found, in other
Cranes-bills.

IV. The fecond, or White Flowered Crowfoot
Cranes-bill, is in Leaves, Stalks, Branches, Flowers,
Magnitude, Form , and manner of growing, altogether

like

Chap. 1 6 1. Engltjh ‘Herbs. 231

like to the former, excepting in two particulars, viz.
1. In the Root , which has not fitch red heads as the
farmer Blew Flowered has. 1. In the Flowers, the
former being Blew, whereas the Flowers in this are
wholly White, and. fully as large as the firft.

V. The third, or Purple Crowfoot Cranes-bill,
has a Root which is compofed of a great Tuft oj
firings, fafinei to a Tuberous or Knobby Head, from
whence many Leaves fpring forth , fet upon long
Footftalks , Jbmewbat like unto the other , yet not fo
broad, but more divided or cut, viz. into /even, or
more flits , even to the middle, each of which is alfo
cut in on the edges, more deeply than the former.
The Stalks are a little Knobbed or Gouty at the
Joints, fet ' with Leaves like unto the lower, and
bearing a great Tuft of Buis at the Tops of the
Branches, which bud and put out into fair large
Flowers , made of five purple Leaves, which do fotne-
thing refemble the Flower of a Mallow, before it
be too full blown , each whereof has a reddijh Fointel
in the middle, and many fmall threads compaffing of
it ( ten in number ) as Gerard fays. This \Jmble or
Tuft of Buds, does Flower by Degrees, and not all
at once, and every Flower abides open but a little
more than one day, and then Jheds its Leaves ; fo
that every day yields frejh Flowers, which becaufe
they are fo many, are a long time before they are all
blown and fpent. The Flowers being paft, fmall
Beak or Bill Heads come forth, like unto the other
Cranes-bills, with fmall turning Seed.

VI. The fourth, or Dark Red Crowfoot Cranes-
bill has a Root with great reddijh heads above, with
many long firings and fibres defeending from it ;
from this Root fpring fever al broad fpread, foft, and
fomewhat hairy Leaves, growing upon long Footftalks ,
cut into five, fix, or feven deep gajhes or divifions ,
with a blackijh fpot at the bottom of even one of
them and dented alfo about their edges. The Stalk
rifes up about two Feet high, fpotted with many
bloody Spots , and is firong , fomewhat hairy, and
fpread forth into three or four Branches, with fuch
like Leaves on them, but leffer , and at their Tops ,
two or three Flowers apiece, each of them confifting
of five Le ernes, cut in on the edges ( which is a
mode differing from all other Cranes-bills ) of a deep
red color, almofi blackijh, and in the middle a long
Stile or Fointel, with many withered threads about
it. The Flowers being paft, there follows broum
pointed Seed, like to the other Cranes-bills.

VII. The fifth, or Party-colored Crowfoot Cranes-
bill, is in its Roots, Stalks, Leaves, Flowers, Seed,
Magnitude, Form and manner of growing, fo like
to the firft deferibed in this Chapter , that until it
is pcrfetlly in Flower, this cannot be known from
that : but when it is blown out, the Flowers are
found to be variably ft ripe d and fpotted, and fome-
times divided, the one half of every Leaf being
white and the other half blew ; fometimes with
greater or leffer fpots of blew in the white Leaf,
very variable , and more in fome years than in
others ; fo that it would be a very difficult matter
to exprefs all the varieties which may be obferved ,
at the fame and differing times, in the blown Flow-
ers.

VIII. The fixth , or Long Rooted Crowfoot
Cranes-bill, has a Root very long and great, with
fmall fibres adjoining thereto, of a reddijh color with-
out, and abiding all the Winter : from this Root
fpring forth Leaves ( upon long Footftalks ) fome-
what large, but yet lefs than thofe of the other
Crowfoot Cranes-bills, otherwife very like. From
among thefe Leaves rife up feveral Stalks , bearing
fair and beautiful red Flowers , of a more excellent
red color than thofe of the Tuberous Cranes-bill,
and of a lighter red than thofe of the third kind be-

fore dejertbed in this Chapter : they are a jo con
tamed in thicker and Jhorler Cups, and are of a
fweet Musk-like Smell : The Flowers being paft, ihe
Seed ftccce is, which is like to that of the other
Cranes-bills, ftving that the Bills are a little Jbor-
ter.

IX. The Places. Thefe are all Wild of their
own Nature, and grow in Barren Places, and in
Vallies, rather than in Mountainous Grounds. Some
fay, that the firll has been found growing naturally
in England, but Tarkitjon lays, he never could find
it : but with us they ate for the molt part Nurs’d up
in Gardens.

X. The Times. They all Flower ill June and
July , and their Seed is ripe in a Ihort time after-
wards.

XI. The Qualifies, Specification, Preparations and
Virtues , being the fame with all the aforegoing
Cranes-bills, as alfo with thofe in the following
Chapter, where we have declared them ar large,
we fhall forbear to fpeak any more in this place,
referring you thither.

CHAP. CLXII.

Of CRANES-BILL Field.

I./TP H E Names. It is called in Greek , isgsW
A ay ex©- • In Latm^ Geranium agrejie : and
in Englifh , f ield Cranes-bill .

II. The Kinds. The Held Cranes-bill is manifold,
but thofe which we defign under that Name, are,
1. Geranium agrejle , Geranium Viol ace inn , Field,
or Violet colored Cranes-bill. 2. Geranium Qicut.e
folio inodorum , Field Cranes-bill without Smell ^
of this we have difeourfed in Chap. 160. Se£h 4.
3. Geranium Columbimm , Doves* foot. 4. Gera-
nium Robertianum , Herb Robert ^ of which two laid
we (hall fpeak in fome of the Chapters following.

Ill The

Salmon j* 'Herbal.

41

ill. The Delcription. It has a Root which is thick
woody , having fame few firings adjoining there-
to, and is wholly red , both within and without, not
Jmellingfo flrong cu the Root of Herb Robert .* from
this Root rife up fever al /lender hairy reddifh Stalks ,
about two or three feet high -, at the Joints of which
grow Leaves , upon Jhorter , yet reddifh Footflalks.
The Stalks fpread the mf elves out alfo into other
fmall Branches , whereon are fet confufedly broad
Leaves , made of three , four or five Leaves apiece ,
and thqfe jagged or cut about the edges. Parkinfon
fays, the Leaves are moji ufuaUy divided into three
parts , as Urge , or rather more than the other , and
turning red likewife. The Flowers which conjift of
Jive Leaves apiece grow at the Tops of the Stalks
and Branches , and are of a pcrfett Violet color,
( whence came the name ) or as Parkinfon fays, of a
Purphfh Red, of the bignefs of the Flowers of Herb
Robert ^ which being pa ft away, the Seed comes in
fitch headed Beaks or Bills cu the other Cranes-bills
produce.

IV. The Places. It is often found by Way-fides,
Ditch-banks, Borders of fields, and other watte
Grounds.

V. The Times. It Flowers in June and July, and
the Seed ripens in the mean Seafon, or not long
alter.

VI. The Qualities. All the Cranes-bills feem to
have one and the fame Qualities -, they are tempe-
rate in refpefl of Heat or Cold, and Dry in the
firft Degree. They are Abfterfive, Aftringent, Diu-
retick, Traumatick or Vulnerary and Incarnative :
Pettoral, Nephritick, Hytterick, and Anti-emmena-
gogick, Hemoptoick and Analeptick.

VII. The Specification. They heal Wounds Ipeedi-
r, conglutinate their Lips, Ito] ™

and cure Ruptures.

ly, conglutinate their Lips, ttop Fluxes of Blood,

VIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, i. A liquid Juice. 2. An Effence. 3. A
Syrup. 4. A Decoflion in Red Port Wine. y. A
Pouder of the Herb. 6. A Balfam. 7. A Cata-
plafm.

The Virtues.

IX. The liquid Juice. It is laid to be goodagainft
Fluxes of the Bowels, whether Diarrhara, Dyfen-
teria, Lienteria, or Hepatick Flux, healing them,
and fo eafing the Griping Pains, it prevails againft
Hytterick fits, and is good againlt Sand, Gravel,
and Stone in Reins and Bladder. Dole four oun-
ces, or more, either alone, or in Wine, Morning and
Night.

X. The Effence. It has all the former Virtues,
and more powerful to all the fame Intentions •, be-
lides which, it is a famous thing to ttop the over-
flowing of the Terms in Women, and to consoli-
date Ruptures, whether in old or young. It is good
againttfits, and the extream Tortures of the Colick,
as alfo to heal Wounds, whether inward or out-
ward ^ cures Spitting, Vomiting, or Billing Blood,
dilfolves coagulated Blood, whether in the Sto-
mach, Bowels, or Reins, and expels it, and is a
lingular thing to be taken as a Wound drink, for
them who have any Wounds, running Sores, old
Ulcers, or Fiftula’s, to induce them to a fpeedy
healing. Dofe three ounces, Morning, Noon, and
Night in a Glafs of Red Port Wine.

tl. The Syrup. It has all the former Virtues
( being made either of the Juice or Effence) but is
fo much the weaker by the Sugar which is added
however it is more fit for Children, and

Juice and Effence, but very much weaker, and mav
be given to thofe who cannot be induced to take
them. However you make thereof an exceeding
good Wound drink, to all the purpofes afore-
mentioned. Being injeUed into Fiftula’s, or run-
ning Sores, and Ulcers, being wafhed therewith,
it perfefUy cleanfes and heals them, and alfo con-
glutinates the Lips of Green Wounds.

XIII. The Pouder. It is good againft Ruptures,
or Burftings, given to one dram, in 1'ome proper
Vehicle : outwardly ftrewed upon old running Sores
or Ulcers, it cleanfes, drys and heals them, and is
good to ttop Bleeding in Wounds, and to confolidate
their Lips.

XIV. The Balfam. It is a lingular Vulnerary^ and
cures fimple Wounds at the firft Intention : it di-

fefts, cleanfes, incarnates, and dries old running
ores, and rebellious Ulcers, and by ftrengthening
the Part, brings on the healing after an admirable
manner : applied in the Gout, it gives eafe, and by
continuing of it, cures it in a Ihort time.

XV. The Cataplafm. Being applied to fimple
Contufions, it Difcuffes, prevents Pain and Inflam-
mation, and fo cures them : It conglutinates fim-
ple Green Wounds, and gives eafe in the Gout, as
alfo in all other Pains of the Joints, Nerves, or
Tendons, coming ftom blows, ftrains, or the like.

CHAP. CLXIIL

Of CRESS Garden.

I* ' | ' HE Names. This Plant is called in Greek ,
X KfJkfuiVt dm r«f )&?c flaf. Cardamon quod cor -
datos j sci at, vel quod Cor Jove at, quia in fincope
Cardiaca plurimum valet : And of this Herb, the
Greeks had this Proverb, UQn xd^uev, Ede Naftur-
tium , pr opt ere a quod Nafturtio inefje Credebant ani-
mi vigorem excitandi. In Arabick, Narf vel Naf
alchaf : In Latin , Naflurtium, a narium tonnento,
as Pliny faith : And in Englifh, Crefs.

II. The Kinds. They are manifold, as, 1. Na-

flurtium Hortenfe, Garden Crels, of which in this
Chapter. 2. Naflurtium Indicum , Indian Crefs, of
which in Chap. 164. 3. Naflurtium Pratenfe,

Meadow Crefs, of which in Chap. 165. and 166. 4.
Naflurtium agrefle. Wild Crefs, of which in Chap.
167. 5. Naflurtium lfchiadicum, vel Ifchiacum,

Sciatica Crefs, of which in Chap. 168. 6. Na-
furtium Hibernum, Winter Crefs, of which in
Chap. 169. 7. Naflurtium Aquaticum, Water Crefs,
of which in Chap. 170. following.

III. Of the Garden Kind, k*’? Jk^ov faiuv, there
are thefe following, viz. 1. Naflurtium Sativum
vulgare , The common Garden Crefs. 2. Naflur-
tium Hortenfe Lat folium, and Naflurtium Latifo -
Hum Hifpanicum, Broad Leav’d Garden Crefs.
3. Naflurtium Hortenfe Crifpum Lat i folium, and
Anguflifolium, Curled Crels, with Broader and
Narrower Leaves. 4. Naflurtium impatiens. Stum
minimum, Sium Naflurtij Silveflrts folio. Noli me
tangere. The impatient Qefs, being called a Crefs,
more from the form of its Leaf, than any thing
elfe.

IV- The Defcriptions. The firft has a long Root with
fome Fibres adjoined to it, which perifhes every Pear
after the ripening of the Seed, 0 / upon the approach
of Winter -, from this Root the Stalks grow up half
a yard, or two feet high , having many fmall, tender,
whitifh , broad, indented, or torn Lea ves fet thereon,
growing together upon a middle rib next the ground *

but

but thofe which grow higher upon the Stalks are
J mailer and. longer : The Leaves in general are fo
like to thofe of Garden Chervil, or Sweet Cicely,
that it muft be a very obfervant Eye which can di-
Jhnguijh them , and whiljl young are fcarcely to be
differenced but by the tafle. The tops of the Stalks
are replenifhed with white Flowers , which turn into
flat Pods or Pouches , not much unlike to Shepherds
Purfe j in which is contained flat reddijh Seed -,
the Smell of both Leaves and Seed is flrong and
fPlccy *3 and their dafte is hot , fharp , and biting ,
almojt like Pepper, for which reafon fome call it ,
Pepper-wort.

GadcnCpfie! fly

V. The fecund, or Broad Leav’d Garden Creis
Of a Root which is fmall and long , perifiung every
year, and therefore muft be conftantly Sown in thi
Spring ; and for this reafon alfo ■ becaufe after it
is Sown , it fpnngs up quickly, and will not endure
the cold of Winter. Its firft Leaves are fmall like
Bafil, among which rifes up a Stalk about half a
yard high. Jet with larger Leaves thereon, without
any dwifion , but finally dented about the edges, and
pointed at the ends , every one /landing upon a long
Footfalk, branched from the middle to the Top with
leffer and narrower Leaves, like to the Top Leaves
of Garden Crefs : from whence break forth many
white flowers fet in fpikes, one above another, after
which come Pouches or Purfes containing brownif)
Seed like to the other Crejfes, bur much more bitter
and yet not all out fo fiery or fharp.

VI. The third, or Curled Creis, has a Root like
to the former, which goes pretty deep into the Earth,
and perifhes every year after Seed time, as the other
does. It grows like the firft, or common Garden
Crefs, and differs therefrom only in the Leaves,
which are of two forts : the one with broad Leaves'
cut, and roundly dented, and curled about the edges !
every one by it felf on a long Stalk. The other , call
filling of many fmaller Leaves, fet one again/} ans-
wer upon a middle rib, each part of which is in the
fame manner cut in, and curled as are the other,
The flowers are white, like the common Garden
Kind ; and the reddifh Seed alfo like the fame in
form and Magnitude.

VII. The fourth, or Impatient Clefs, has a fmall
Root fpreading forth it felf into many Branches ;
jrom whence arife many winged Leaves, not much
unlike to the fmaller Sium, which fpread themfelves
at firft upon the ground, not much above an Inch or
two long, which fo abide from Autumn, when it
fprtngs up, all the Winter long. In the Spring of
the year, they grow fomewhat bigger, and the fud
Leaves are a little denied about the edges, the bot-
tom of the Leaf being for the moji par } the biggej }.
From among thefe Leaves rifes up a flcnder Stalky
about a foot and half high , which is divided into Je-
veral Branches, from the middle thereof to the Top.
On the extremities or tops of all which Branches
grow many very fmall white Flowers, which being
paft away , as many fender long pointed Cods follow,
m which is contained fmall yellowif Seed ; when
thefe Cods are ripe, they are fo impatient of being
touched \ and the Seed is fo hard to be gathered, th.it
the Pod breaks it felf , even of its own accord, upon
the leaf! touch of the hand, or any thing elfe, and
fo the Seed flies away, not being then poffible to be
gathered : This Seed hat little or no heat in it.

VIII. An Obfervation. It is indeed the Nature
of this Impatient Crefs, that if you but touch the
Cods when the Seed is ripe, though you do it
never fo gently, yet will the Seed fly all away with
a great Violence, not fufferirg it felf to be touch-
ed, from whence came the name, Noli me tangere,
and Nafturtium lmpatiens ; as for the like quality’
the Perficaria SUiquofa is named. The nature
this Plant is fomewhat admirable, for if the Seed is
fully ripe, though you put your hand but near the
Cods, as profferring to touch them, though you
touch them not, yet will the faid Cods be apt to
open, and the Seed to fly out upon you, when you
may expe£I no luch thing. Profper Alpinns is the
only Man who formerly wrote hereof, from whom
our Parkinfon and Johnfon have taken their Dif-
courfes.

IX. The Places. Thefe Plants are all of them
nurs’d up with us in Gardens. The firft matters
not what Soil it grows in, for it likes any ground,
Specially if it is well watered : The lecond came

Hh firft

Salmon’ j- Herbal Lib, I.

Mlt out ol Spain, but grows well with us in Eng-
/■vi. I, as does alfo the third. The fourth JohnJon
iound about Bath , and other Parts of our Land,
which, lays he, is now kept in divers of our London
Gardens , in fome of which I have feen it grow.

X. The Times. They may be Sown at any time
of the Year, unlefs it be in Winter. They quickly
fpring up, after fown, flower in April and May,
and the Seed is ripe in June, or not long afrer their
flowering time * after which they die every Year,
and recover themfelves, i. e. fpring up again of the
lhaken or fallen Seed.

XI. The Qualities. All CreJJes ( except the Noli-
me t anger e ) are hot and dry in the fourth Degree,
but more efpecially the Seed. They attenuate, in-
cide, attraft, digelf, difeufs^ are Carminative, Diure-
tick, and in fome meafure Suppurative. They are
Cephalick, Stomatick, PeUoral, Nephritick, Hyfte-
rick and Arthritick : Ptarmick, Emmenagogick, Li-
thontriptick and Alexipharmick.

XII. The Specific aiicrn. They are peculiar again!!
Poifon, the Bitings of Venomous Bealls, and to
purge the Head and Brain of cold and moil! Hu-
mors.

XII. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
I. The green Herb. 2. A liquid Juice. 3. An EJ-
fence. 4. A Spirituous Tinaure. y. An Acid Tm-
tiure. 6. An Oily Tincture. 7. A Saline Tintture.
8. A Spirit. 9. A Cataplafm. 10. The Seed.

The Virtues.

XIV. The Herb. Eaten as a Sallet with other
Sallet Herbs, as Lcttice, Cfc. it warms, comforts
and pleafes the Stomach : bruifed and applied, it
takes away Spots and Marks, eafes the Pains of the
Loins and Sciatica, and draws forth broken Bones,
Thorns and Splinters ^ and puts a Hop to the Cor-
roding of putrid and creeping Ulcers : held or
chewed in the Mouth, it cures the Tooth-ach.

XV. The Liquid Juice. Ufed as an Errhine, it
purges the Head and Brain of cold and vifeous Hu-
mors, thereby ealing all kinds of Head-aches pro-
ceeding therefrom, and for the lame Reafon prevails
againlt Pallies, Lethargies, Apoplexies, Epileplies,
Vertigo’s, Carus, Convullions, and all other like Di-
feafes athifting thofe Parts. Given from half an
ounce to two ounces, in a Glafsof Generous Wine,
it powerfully cuts grofs and vifeous Flegm, opens
ObftruHions, provokes the Terms in Women, and
Urine obftrufled, cleanling the Reins, Ureters and
Bladder from Sand, Gravel, Stones, or any Tarta-
rous Matter lodged in them. It powerfully pro-
vokes Venery, but is faid to kill the Child in the
Womb.

XVI. The EJfence. It has all the former Virtues
exalted, befides which, it cuts and expeff orates
tough Flegm, out of the Breft and Lungs, and as
Authors fay, loofens the Belly, and cleanfes it from
vifeous Humors, opens Obltruftions of both Liver
and Spleen, heals all inward Wounds, and refills

* Poifon, whether inwardly taken, or outwardly recei-
ved from the biting or Hinging of any venomous
Creature. Dofe from one ounce to two ounces in
any proper Vehicle, Morning falling, and at Night
going to Bed.

XV If The Spirituous Tintture. It is Cordial,
provokes Urine, and expels Wind, and prevails a-
gainll the ObltruFlion of the Courfes in Women,
being given Morning, Noon and Night, in fome
pioper Vehicle, for a Week before the expefled time
of their coming. Dofe from half a Spoonful to a
Spoonful. It expels Wind, and prevails againlt the
Cholick, and Griping of the Guts to Admirati-

XVIII. The Acid Tintture. It wonderfully (Leng-
thens the Stomach, and is an admirable thing, as
well to preferve from the Contagion and Infe&ion
of the Plague or Peltilence, as to cure the lame, for
which it is an approved thing. It cures the Scurvy
in a cold Conllitution or Habit of Body, being af-
fiduoufly ufed, and fo removes all the Symptoms of
that troublefome Difeafe. Dofe from 3 c to 40, 60 ,
or more Drops in Ale, Wine or other Vehicle, ’ ac-
cording to the quantity the Patient drinks at a time.

XIX. The Oily Tintture. It cures the Palfie, be-
ing anointed well Morning and Evening upon the
Back-bone, and Parts affected. But that Part of the
Spina Dorft is to be chiefly bathed therewith, from
whence the Nerves proceed, which replenilh the
Parts afflifled with that Difeafe. It is alfo good a-
gainlt Cramps, Convulfions and Gouts arifing from
a cold Caufe ^ and gives eafe in the moll intollera-
ble Pains of the Back, as alfo of the Reins, being
outwardly anointed therewith, and inwardly given
from 17 to 30 Drops, Morning and Evening in any
Nephritick or Opiate Vehicle.

XX. The Saline Tintture. It powerfully opens
Obltruftions of the Womb, Reins, Ureters and Blad-
der, promotes the Secretion of Morbifick Humors
by Urine ^ and provoking Urine, it expels Sand,
Gravel, Stones, and Tartarous Matter out of the
Mafs of Blood, and cleanfes all the Urinary Parts
from the fame. Dofe from 40 to 60 drops in
Wine.

XXI. The Spirit. How it is to be made, we
have fhewn at large in the Second Edition of our
Pharniacopcci Bate ana, lib. 1. cap. 2. Jett. 6q. This
Spirit thus prepared, is very fubtil and volatile, an
admirable Antifcorbutick, and powerful againlt all
Difeafes arifing from vifeous Flegm, and other Tar-
tarous Humors : it thins and rarities the Blood, pro-
vokes Urine and the Terms, and cleanfes the Womb.
And as it is famous againlt the Scurvy, fo it is ex-
cellent againlt the Dropfie, Jaundice, Stone and
Gout : it is a good Nephritick, and cures molt Di-
feafes of the Reins, expels Sand, Gravel and Slime,
and prevails againlt the Colick, and Virulent Difea-
fes of the Bowels. It is faid to be good alfo againlt
the Green-ficknefs in Virgins, becaufe it powerfully
opens Obltruftions , and purifies the Blood, for
which Reafon ft is Angularly good againlt the Kings-
Evil : it warms the Inltruments of Generation, pro-
vokes Lull, and is. good againlt Impotency. The
Dofe of this Spirit is from 20 drops to a dram, in
fome proper Vehicle. The diltilled Water of CreJJes ,
which is made after the Diftillation of the Spirit,
by a Itronger Heat in B. M. will be much Itronger
and better than that which is made the vulgar way,
it being impregnated with much of the Elfential
Salt, loofened by Fermentation, which yet remains
behind, and does impregnate the Water. This Wa-
ter may be given from one ounce to fix, its Virtues
being the fame with the Spirit, but much weaker
in its Operation.

XXII. The Cataplafm. It is good againlt the
Gout and Sciatica, as alfo itching Humors and E-
ruptions in the Skin. It draws forth Thorns, Splin-
ters and other things gotten into the Flelh. If it is
made with Vinegar , and applied , it is faid to be
good againlt the Kings-Evil, whether in the Throat
or any other Part : If made with Hogs Lard, it cures
fore, running and fcabby Heads, ripens Plague Sores,
and breaks them ^ is good againlt Whitloes and
Fellons on the Fingers ends, and takes away the De-
formity of the Nails.

XXIII. The Seed. If it is chewed in the Mouth,
and held for fome time, it eafes the Tooth-ach,
( and fo alfo does the Herb : ) it alfo helps the Pal-
lia of the Tongue, provokes Sneezing, and is good

againlt

Chap. 164. ‘Englijh Herbs. 235

againft Sleepinefs, Droufinels, and fuch as are trou-
bled with the Lethargy.

CHAP. CLXIV.

§f CRESS Indian.

I. np H E Names. It is called in Greek,

JL tvJiKov : in Latin , Nafiurtium Indicum , Flos
Sanguineus Minardi s ; and in Englijh , Indian Crefs ,
or 2W&Z0 Larks-heels , from the Form of the
Flower.

II. T/;<? Kinds. It is a fingular Plant of the kind,
and by its Tafte declares it felf to be one or the
kinds of CreJJes. Some do account it among the
Clematides or Convolvuli , the Ckmbeters or Bind-
weeds, but any of thefe it cannot be, becaule it has
no Clafpers, nor does it wind it felf about any thing,
but by reafon of the number of its Branches which
run one within another, it may feem to climb . up a
Pole, or the like, which yet it does but only dole,
as having fomething whereon to reit or lean its
Branches. But Parkinfon , from Lobel, -makes two
kinds, viz. the Round Leaved , ( which is the Com-
mon ) and the Cornered Leaved.

III. The Defer ip tion. This fair and noble Plant
has Roots which are finally and fpreading under
Ground , which perijh with the firfi Frofis, and mufi
be fown afrefh every Tear : from this Root arife ma-
ny long trailing Branches , interlaced one within ano-
ther very confufcdly , (yet it does not wind it fe/j
with any Clafpers , about cither Pole , or any other
Prop , but if you would have it lye clofe thereto , you
mufi tye /V, or efe it will lye upon the Ground ) four
or five feet in length at the leafi , for which Reafon
it takes up a great deal of Ground. The Leaves are

finooth , green , and as round as the Pennywort which
grows on the Ground ', without any Cut or Incifure
in any part , the foot Stalks of which fiand in the
middle of each Leaf and grow forth at every Joint
of the Stalky where they are a little reddifh , and
knobbed or bunched out : the Flowers are of an ex-
cellent Gold-yellow color , and grow all along the
Stalks , almojl at every Joints with the Leaves , up-
on pretty long foot Stalks , which are compofed of five
Leaves apiece , not hollow or gaping , but funding
open , each Leaf apart by it felf two of them , which
are larger and longer than the other , fund above ,
and the other two , which are lejfer , fiand below,
which are a little jagged or bearded on both fide s ;
and t he fifth lowefi. In the midfi of each of the three
lower Leaves , ( yet fometimes it is but in two of
them) there is a little long Spot or Streak, of an ad-
mirable Crimfon color , ( whence the Name Flos San-
guineus : ) and the Flower has a long Heel or Spur
behind it, hanging down , ( from which and the Color ^
came the Name of Yellow Larks-heels:) the whole
I lower has a great Beauty , and Sweetnefs withal , ve-
ry p leafing, which being placed in the middle of fome
Carnations or Clove-gillihowers, ( which are both in
flower at the fame time) make a noble Nofegay, both
for Sight and. Smell. When the Flowers are pafi,
come the Seed, which are rough or uneven, round,
greenifh, yellow Heads, fometimes but one, and fome-
times two or three funding together upon one Stalk,
bare or naked of themf elves, without any Husk, con-
taining a white pulpy Kernel.

IV. The fecond, or Cornered Leaved kind, in its
Root , Stalks,. Branches and Flowers differs little cr
nothing from the former : the chief Difference is in
the Leaves, for ns in the former they are round, and
are fafined upon a long foot Stalk underneath, nearly
in the Center or Middle of each Leaf, and Lunched
out •, in this-, they are broad, and J'even, eight or
nine cornered, of the fame Smcothnejs and Color,
(harp pointed at their lops, and growing upon a long
foot Stalk , which is joined to the Leaf at the lower
Hh 2 part

fart thereof. The blowers are Lark-f purred , like
the other , and in the whole , differs nothing from it
in its Manner dnd Form of growing. Parkinfon feems
to fay it w.u taken from the Life , which tho ’ it has
not been feen here with us in England fince , yet that
hinders not (fays he ) the Verity of the thing. When
I was in the Weft Indies, in ?ny Travels up and
dozen , / flaw it feveral times.

V. The Places. This goodly and beautiful Plant
Was hrft found in the Weji Indies , and brought
thence into Spain by Monardus from whence it was
afterwards conveyed into France , Flanders and Eng-
land. It grows now familiarly in moft of our
Gardens, where it flourifhes, and is become as it
were a natural Inhabitant. It need not be planted
or fown in Beds of Horfe-dung, or the like, for the
natural Ground will be futficient, fo that it is but a
little defended from thofe Frofts in the Spring of the
Year, which are apt to nip it whilft but tender, or
newly fprung up.

VI. The 'Times. It miy be fown in March or
April -, the which, when it is fprung up, and ha-
ving gotten three Leaves, muft be taken up, and
carefully replanted abroad, in the hotteft place of
the Garden , and in the fineft and fatteft Mould.
It flowers fometimes in June , but ufually in July,
if it is well defended, and in good Ground •, and
fo continues flowering till the cold Frofts and Wea-
ther in the latter end of OSlober, does check it, and
put a ftop to its Luxuriant Nature * the Seed grow-
ing continually ripe in the mean Seafon, which af-
ter it is ripe, loon falls down on the Ground, whence
for the moft part the heft is gathered.

VII. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations
and Virtues, are exa&ly the fame with thole of Gar-
den Crcffes in the former Chapter, to which I refer
you } fo that no more need be fpoken of them here,
except that the fame Preparations of this Plant, as
they are ftronger, lo they are more Efficacious.

CHAP. CLXV.

Of CRESS Meador p,

0 R ,

CUCKO W--FLOWER, Single .

I. ’T' HE Names. It is called in Greek, Ka?/a,(Tor
■- xs/pumv •• in Latin, Flos Cue uli, Nafiurtium
Pratenfe, Sifymbrium alterum Diofcoridis, and Car-
damine : and in Englifh, Meadow Crefs , or Cuckow-
fiower : in fome Countries it is called, as Gerard
lays, Ladies Smocks.

II. The Kinds. They are either Single or Dou-
ble : the Single we fhall treat of in this Chapter,
the Double in the next following. Of the Single , lb
many as grow with us in England, there are three
Varieties, viz. i. Nafiurtium pratenfe majus Tragi

Broad-leaved Crels, or Cuckow-flower. 2. Carda-
mine altera minor, Sifymbriutn Cardamine Lacunas
& Lugdunenfis, Sifymbrium aquaticum alterum Mat-
thioli C? Tabernmontani, Hiberis Fuchfii, Iberis Tha-
hi, Cardamine altera Lobelii & Clufii, Agriocarda-
mum, five Cardamantica Nafiurtii foliis, Nafiurti-
um pratenfe magno flore Bauhini, Nafiurtium aqua-
ticum Jimplici flore Be fieri. The Small Cuckow-

flower. 3. Cardamine altera parvo flore. The Small
flowred Cuckow-flower.

Cjreat ^CucKon/fwiver.

III. The Defcriptions. The Jirji hat a Root com-
pofei of many white Headt or f ibres , from which
jhoot forth feveral long Stalks of winged Leaves ,
that it, many together , fomewhat broad and round,
tender, and dark green Leaves fet one againft ano-
ther upon a middle Rib , the grealeji being at the
ends ; among thefe winged Leaves rife up divers
tender, weak, round, green Stalks, fomewhat ftra-
ked ; on which grow much fmaller and longer Leaves
very like the fmalleft divided Leaves of Garden Crefs’
at the tops whereof ftand feveral flowers made of
four Leaves apiece, fomewhat large, and almoft like
to Stock-gillifiowers, but rounder, and not fu/l out
fo long, whitijh in Color, or a little dajht over with
hlujh, and many times but at the edges only, each of
them growing in a green Husk, which being pafs'd
away, fmall Pouches grow forth, containing reddifh
Seed, fome thing Jharp and biting in Tajle, as is
the Herb alfo it felf, coming near to the Tafie of
CrelTes.

IV. The Small Cuckow-flower with great Flow-
ers, is in its Roots, Leaves, Stalks, flowers, form
and Manner of Growing, like to the former but now
defer ibed, excepting that it is fmaller in every part ,
not bujhing out with fo many Leaves or Stalks ; and
that the Pods of Seed are fomething longer than thofe
of that aforegoing.

V. The Small Cuckow-flower with the fmall
Flower, is almoft in all RefpeSs like to the Small
Cuckow-flower beforegoing ; fave, that the Leaves
of this are fmaller and longer, and yet round fome-
times alfo, growing in the fame manner as the former
does : the flowers are alfo like them, but fmaller,
and the Pods of Seed are fomewhat longer .

VI. The Places. They are all found in feveral

girts of England , in moift Meadows, and near unto
rook Tides, and lmall Rills of Water, paffing thro’
low Grounds. They have been found in the Caftle
Ditch at Clare in EJJet r.

VII. 77 it

Chap. 1 66. Unglijb Herbs .

VII. The Times. They flower l'omewhat early
in the Spring about April and May, at fartheft, and
continue with the lower Leaves all the Winter.

■Tl

malt.
CueHow
gF lower

VIII. The Qualities, Specification , "Preparations
and Virtues are the fame with Garden Grefs in Chap.
163. aforegoing, to which you are referred.

CHAP. CLXVI.

Of CRESS Meadorp ,

0 R ,

C U CK O W -FLOWER, Double .

I. H E Names. This is called in Latin, Car-
X damine flore plena , ( that it was known to
the Greeks , I cannot learn) and in Englijh , Double
Meadow Crefs , and Double Cuckow-flower.

II. The Kinds. Taken as Garden Flowers, there
are two of them, viz. 1. Car damine flore plena, be-
ing the double kind of that Plant, which growing
wild abroad, is called, Cardamine altera, and Si-
fymbrium alter urn Dio/cor idis, alfo Flos Cuculi but
this Name is more ufually given to the Wild fea-
thered Campions, both fingle and double : in Englijh
we call it Double-flavored Cuckow-flower, or Ladies
Smocks. 2. Cardamine trijolia , Trefoil Aleadow
Crefs, or Cuckow-flower this is not truly a double-
flowred Plant, but rather a Plant very full of Flow-
ers, which at firft fight makes it look as if it was
double-flowred. Thefe two being the faireft of all
the Meadow Creffes or Cuckow-flower s, and for their
Beauty being brought into Gardens, we thought belt
to place them both in one Chapter.

Ill The Defcriptions. The firft double-flowred
has a Root which creeps under Ground, fending forth
many fmall white Fibres or Strings, and fhoots up in

divers places : from this Root fpring forth feveral
winged Leaves , weak and tender , lying on the
Ground, very like to the fingle Meadow kind-, from
among which rifes up a round green Stalk, fet here
and there with the like Leaves that grow below, the
top whereof has a few Branches, on which ft and feve-
ral flowers, everyone of them upon a fmall foot
Stalk, confifting of many fmall whit ijh round Leaves,
a little dajkt over with a blew Blujh , fet round toge-
ther, which make a double flower.

IV. The feconi, or Trefoil Cuckow-flower, has
~uR°u c?mP°fei “If a of feveral white fibres , from
the Heads whereof run Jorth fmall Strings, of a dark
purple color , by which it encreafes. from this Root
fpring forth feveral dark, round, green Leaves, a
little uneven about the edges, and always three fet
together on a blackijh fmall foot Stalk, among which
nje up fmall, round, blackijh Stalks, fix , feven or
eight inches high, with three fmall Leaves at the
Joints where they branch forth : at the tops whereof
grow many flowers , confifting of four Leaves apiece,
of a wbttijb, or very pale blujh color.. The flowers
PfFi Jmdll, thick and long Pods come forth in
which is contained fmall round Seed.

V* The Places. The firft generally grows with
us in Gardens , but is alfb found Wild in divers parts
'of England, as near Mitcham, about eight Miles
from London, alio in Lancafhire , in feveral places •
the other was brought to us at firft from beyond Sea'
and is here only nurft up in Gardens.

VI. The Times. They flower ufually in the end
of April or May ■ but the latter of them commonly
flowtrs before the former.
t_T^* The Qualities, Specification, Preparations
Virtues and. Ufes, are the fame with thofe of Gat den
krefs m Chap. 16^. or with thofe of Water Crejfes
to which you are referred.

CHAP. CLXVII.

Of CRESS Wild.

Names. It is called in Greek,

„ niJtnt K, iyw v ■' ill Latin, Nafturtium agre/ie
Nafturtium Sy/veflfe : in Englijh, Wild Crefs.

II. The Kinds. There are three which go under
the Name of Wild Crefs, viz. 1. Nafturtium Sy/ve-
>lTe Pfyr'its 5°lu*, Narrow-leav’d White Creffes. 2.
Nafturtium agrefte Carolinianum , The Carolinian
Wild Crefs. 3. Nafturtium Petraum, The Stone
or Rock Crefs.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft of thefe has a
woody Root, which perijhes after Seed time , from
whence fpring forth many fmall , round and hard
Stalks, with feveral fmall, round and narrow Leaves
growing thereon without Order , branched from the
middle upwards into many parts , at the lops of which
come forth a great number of fmall white flowers
(but fome have been found with yellow flowers, th o'
not often) one ftandmg above another. Spike JaJhion,
after which appear Husks, containing fmall Seed.

IV. The feconi , or Carolinian Wild Crefs, has a
long and fender Root , with many fibres proceeding
from it, which alfo perifhes every Tear ; from which
Root grows up a round, green and hairy Stalk, about
afoot high or more, and if it grows in rich or fen it
Ground , fometimes about a foot and half high ; fome-
times but one Stalk grows up , and fometimes more ;
which Stalk or Stalks fpread into branches from the
very Ground , at every Joint whereof ftani long
winged Leaves, very much divided, like unto the

Common

?.38

Salmon .r Herbal.

Lib. I.

Common Garden Grefs, but yet more finely cut or
divided, and Jharp in Tafie , like CrelTes. 1 be i low-
ers tire many, and of a pale wbitijb yellow color,
(landing in long Spikes at the tops -, which being
pafiVd away, firnall, Jhort Pouches appear, divided
into two parts, which Jhind not upright , but hang
downwards, in which is contained firnall reddijh Seed,
like unto Creis Seed.

Stone Crefs.

V. The third, or Rock Crefs, has a J mall and
thready perifhing Root , from whence rife up fever al
Leaves upon long Foot-Jlalks, which Leaves are jag-
ged and cut about the edges, much like to Oak Leaves ,
or rather the Leaves oj Shepherds-purfe : from a-
midfi thefe Leaves rife up fever al Stalks, with firnall'
jagged Leaves growing thereon , one only at a place,
tv i thou t any Foot -folk, and not being above one, two
or three in number, to the top of each Stalk: on which
tops f piked Heads of F lowers very thick fiet, which
are firnall, and of a white color, like thofie of the
Garden Crefs. The Seed is contained in firnall
Pouches or- Seed-Vefels , which are flat , like to
Thlapfi, or Treacle-Multard.

VI. The Places. TJse firfil grows Wild in the
Fields, by High- ways, and Hedge-fides, and among
Rubbilh,’ and in many other places. The fiecond
grows plentifully in many places, Wild in the Fields
which have been formerly Manured, and afterwards
lye as Fallow or Wafte : I found a great quantity of
it in Capt. Abbot's Plantation up JVando River, not
above four or five Miles from Charles Town in Caro-
lina. In grows alfo very plentifully in the King-
dom of Valent ia in Spain , ( from whence it was
brought to us in England ) for which Reafon it is
called alfo Nafilurtium Sylvefire Valentianum. The
third has been found growing in Shropshire, in the
Fields about Birch, in the Parilh of Elefmere, and
in the Grounds formerly belonging to one Richard
Herbert, and that in great plenty : alfo on the far
ther fide of Black-heath, by the Highway fide, lead-
ing from Greenwich to Lufianj.

VII. The Times. Thefe flower later than fome
of the former Crefles, viz. in June and July, and
the Seed ripens not long after.

VIII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations
and Virtues , are the lame with Garden Crefifes in
Chap. 163. aforegoing, and to them you are re-
ferred.

CHAP. CLXVIII.

Of CRESS Sciatica.

I- ‘ I v U E Names. It is called in Greek , ’Usd: r
J- A^eemxi) : in Arabick, Seitaragi , and
Hat fab: in Latin, Iberis five Cardamantica, ( quod
Cardamo, id efil Nafiurtio fimilis efi : ) and in Eng-
lifh. Sciatica Crefs.

II. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. \. Iberis na-
Jlurtii fioliis, Lepidium Campejlre Anguilarte, Iberis
fiecunda Tabernmontani, Iberis Cardamantica Gerar-
di, Iberis Nafiiurtii folio Baubini , Sciatica Creis.
2. Iberis Latiore folio Baubini, Iberis Lugdunenfis
Dodoncei , Lacuna, Gefineri in hortis, Ef Cfalpini,
who alfo fays it is Lepidium forte Columella, Lepi-
dium hortenfe Anguilara, Iberis Cardamantica Lo-
belii, Lepidium Iberias Pauli JEgineta, Sciatica
Crefs with broader Leaves.

III. The Delcriptions. The firfil has a Root which
is long , white and woody, from which rifes up a round
Stalk about two feet high , which fipreads it fie If into
divers Branches, whofe lower Leaves are fiomewhat
larger than the upper , yet all of them cut or torn on
the edges, fiomewhat like unto Garden Crefles, but
fimaller : the Flowers are firnall and white, growing
at the tops of the Branches , which being pafs’d away.
Husks grow forth, like to thofie of Crefles, with fimal-
ler brownifh Seed therein than in the other, which
is very Jharp and biting in Tafie , more than thofie of
Crefles are.

IV. The fiecond, or Sciatica Creis with broader
Leaves, has a Root like the fiormer, and Jharp in
Tafie as it •, from which fpring up Leaves fiomewhat
long and broad, not rent or torn at all, but whole,
only a little dented about the edges towards the ends,
very like to thdfie of the Thlafpi Creticum. From
among thefe Leaves rifes up a Stalk pretty thick and
firong, much about the height of the other, which
fuddenly fpreads it felfi out into fever al Branches ,
on whims grow Leaves , which are leffer , fhorter and

narrower.

Chap. 169. Englijb “Herbs.

239

narrower , as they grow in height , and ft and on the
Stalks without any great Order. The Flowers grow
at the tops of the Branches in fpikei Heads, which
with their Seed, are very like the former , the Seed
of this tajfing as hot, Jharp and biting, as the Seed of
the other.

V. The Places. They grow by the Way fides in
rough and untill’d places, and by the fides of old
Walls , and fuch-like : they have been found in
Corn-fields about Southfleet , near to Gravefend in
Kent.

VI. The Times. They flower according as they
are early or late Town in the Fields -, but for the
moft part in June and July, and their Seed is ripe
not long after.

VII. The Vitalities, Specification, Preparations ,
Virtues and Ufes, are in the main the fame with
thofe of Garden Crefs in Chap. 163. aforegoing. But
more efpecially thefe are laid to be Specificks in
curing the Sciatica and Gout in any Part.

VIII. Obfervation. A Cataflafm made of the
green Leaves, but efpecially of the Roots, either a-
lone or mixed with old Hogs Lard, and applied to
the place pained with the Sciatica, letting it to lye
on for four hours in Men., and two hours in Wo-
men, is faid by Galen from Ddmocrates, to cure the
Difeafe ; and not only this Difeafe in the Hips or
Huckle-bone, but alfo the Gout, and all other rains
and Aches in the Joints, whether of Hands, Knees
or Feet ■, likewife all other inveterate Griefs of the
Head, or other Parts of the Body difficult to be
cured ; as vehement and long continued Catarrhs,
Univerfal Rheumatifms, fife, he alfo fays, that Da-
nwerates cured hereby all thofe Difeafes, to which
Sinapi, Thlapfi and Thapfta are applied. Pliny re-
cites the fame method and manner of Application,
and fays farther, that if any part of the Grief re-
mains, that the fame Medicine after twenty days is
to be applied again. And applied to the Skin, it
takes away the Blemilhes thereof as Tree kies. Len-
tils, Scars , Scabs , Scurf, Leprojle, Src. it is true,
that it exulcerates or blitters the Part, but that is to
be healed with a Balfam made of Oil and Wax,
with the Addition of a little Strasburgh Turpentine.
After the Application of the Cataplafm in the Scia-
tica, the Part, fays Gerard, is to be bathed with
warm Water ; or, as Parktnfon fays, with warm
Wine and Oil mixed together ; and then wrapped
up with Wool or Skins, or a Lamb-skin may be ap-
plied whilft it is yet hot, and but newly taken off
from the Creature. Diofcorides and Pliny lay, that
if the Root is hung about the Neck, or tyed to the
Arm, it will give eafe in the Tooth-acb.

CHAP. CLXIX.

O/CRESS Winter.

t. ^T"V H E Names. It is thought to be that Plant
1 which the Greeks ( as Diofcorides ) call ¥«/•
A&ivicK, (tho’ it is -VzvJbt&yiov in the Text, which I
judge is by a miftake in tranferibing, b Zviov Burtium
being Earth-nuts , and Bunias , the Navezv or

Wild Turnep, to which latter, this our Winter Crefs
is fomething a kin : ) in Latin it is called Najlurti-
nm Hybernum , Pfeudobunias Dodonxi , Nafiurtium
Barbaricum , Barbarea , Santfd Barbara Herb a, Scopa
Regia Anguilart, Sideritis LatiJJima Euchfii , firtapi
quinti generis Tragi •, and in Englijb , -Winter
Crefs-

II. The Kinds. They are threefold, i. Barbarea
/ Implex , Barbarea five Eruca lutea latijolia , Nafiur-
tium Faluftre Gefneri , Eruca Palujiris Lugdunenfis ,
( it is called alfo by all the Names in the former
Sell ion } ) Common Winter Crefs. 2. Barbarea
flore pleno , five Eruca lutea Bauhini , Double-flow-
red Winter Crefs. 3. Barbarea minor , Herb a fan -
tfi Alberti Ccefalpini , Small Winter Crefs, or Win-
ter Rocket.

III. The Defer iptions. The fir ft has a Root fome-
thing fibrous , which always perijhes after the per-
fecting of its Seed , from which fpring up fever at
Leaves indifferent large , and of a fad green color ,
lying upon the Ground. , and torn or gaft into feve-
ral parts , fomething like unto Rocket or Turnep'
Leaves , ( but nothing like to Crefies ) which Leaves
have f mailer pieces next the bottom , and broad at the
ends , which fo abide all the Winter, (if itfpringsup
in Autumn, when it is ufed to be eaten either green
or flewed : ) from among thefe Leaves rife up divers
jmall round Stalks , which fpread themfelves into
many Branches , bearing in a f piked manner many
fmall yellow flowers , each having four Leaves apiece y
which being paft , fmall long Rods come forth , con-
taining fmall reddijh Seed within them.

IV. The fecond, or double-flowred, has a Root like
the former, which perijhes not in Winter, but abide t
many Tears : the Stalks are bigger than the former ,
and crefted withal. The Leaves are Jhorter , and
are about an inch in length , cut in on the edges in
the fame manner as the others are. The flowers are
yellow , like the former Jingle, but fomething larger ;
and double withal , which makes the greaieft part of
the difference.

V. The third , or Small Winter Crefs, has d Root
like the firft , and perijhing as it from which fpring
forth blackijh green Leaves , fomewhat jogged or
torn in on the fides, refembling Moth-mullein : the
Stalks and Leaves both are lefs than the firft , nor
does it grow fo high- The flowers are yellow alfcf

2^o Salmon V Herbal . Lib. 1.

1 he others, but fingle and lefier -, and fo alfo are
the Cods which follow the Flowers, and yield much
the jame kind oj Seed , but lejjer in proportion to the
Magnitude of the Cods.

VI. The Places. The fir ft grows oftentimes of
its own accord in Gardens , as alfo in Fields by Paths
and Ways fides in feveral places of England -, as in
the next Fields beyond that called Lambs-Conduit ,
( from whence comes Lambs-Conduit Water a little
below Snow-hill : ) the other two are only nurs’d
up in Gardens.

VII. The Times. They all flower in May, and
th z Jingle ones feed in June , and then perifn but
the double kind abides green both Winter and Sum-
mer. The Italians and Spaniards are fcarcely ac-
quainted with any of thefe Winter-Crejfes , or rather
Winter-Rockets , they being more peculiar to thefe
our colder Climates.

VIII. The Q 'ualities , Specification, Preparations ,
Virtues and Vfes are the fame with thofe or Garden-
Crefs in Chap. 163. aforegoing, to which you are re-
ferred : But befides all that is there faid, we have
thefe following Obfervations.

IX. Obf ovation 1. The Green Herb. It is uled
as Rocket or Crefs to be eaten as a Salle t in Winter ,
and that with great pleafure and fatisfaCtion, when
other Salleting is difficult to be gotten.

X. Obferv. 2. The Liquid Juice. If it is drunk
inwardly, it is found by good. Experience to be a
Angular good Wound Herb, to cieanfe and heal in-
ward Wounds ^ and being outwardly applied, to
waffi filthy running Sores, and putrid old Ulcers,
cleanfing them by its Sharpnefs, and removing the
dead Fleffi, and hindering proud Flelh from grow-
ing therein, and fo healing them by its drying Qua-
lity. It is alfo profitable to provoke Urine, help
the Strangury, and expel Gravel and the Stone. Dofe
two or three ounces Morning and Night for fome
time, in fome proper Vehicle.

XI. Obferv. 3. The E fence. It has all the Vir-
tues of the liquid Juice exalted * befides which, it
is a moft powerful thing to be ulbd againft the Scur-
vy, Dropfie and Gout, in cold Conftitutions : it
may be taken Morning, Noon and Night, from j.
to 3. ounces, in fome proper Vehicle, the Ule of
which is to be continued a Month, two or three,
according as the occafion or force of the Difeafe
requires. It is truly a good thing againft the Bloo-
dy-flux, and all other Fluxes of the Bowels what-
foever.

XII. Obferv. 4. The Seed. It provokes Urine, is
good againft Dropfies and Gouts ; warms and com-
forts a cold and moift Stomach, and caufes a good
Appetite and Digeftion. And if it is made into a
Lohoch with Honey , it is good againft Afthma’s,
Coughs, Colds, Wheezing, Inortnefs of Breath and
difficulty of Breathing, by cutting the tough, thick,
vifcous Flegm or Matter, and caufing an ealy Expe-
ctoration. Dofe as much as a large Nutmeg three
or four times a day.

XIII. Obferv. 5. The Spirit. It comforts and
warms a cold and weak Stomach, chears the Heart,
exhilerates the Spirits, abforbs Acidities, eafes Pains
and Gripings of the Bowels, expels Wind, prevails
againft the Colick, diflipates inward Apoftems, dif-
folves coagulated Blood, and prevents or helps its
Stagnation , and thereby reffelnes wearied Nature,
and Strengthens the whole Body. Dofe 20, 30, or
40 drops in a Glafs of Wine or Ale. But this is to
be obferved, That it is only to be given to fuch as
are of a cold Conftitution, or Habit of Body ; for
fuch as are hot, it puts all into a Flame, and there-
fore fuch are to avoid it.

CHAP. CLXX.

Of CRESS Water.

I. HP H E Names. It is called in Greek ,

X IvuJ'&v : in Latin , Nafturtium Aquaticum *
and in Englijh , Water-Crefes.

II. The Kinds. There are four feveral forts of
this Plant, viz. 1. Nafturtium aquaticum vulgare ,
which is generally taken to be the Sifymbrium alte-
rum Diofcoridis , and by Cefalpinus and Tabernmon-
tanus , it is called Sifymbrium aquaticum : by Cordus ,
Gefner and Th alius, Sifymbrium altcrum ■, by Fuch-
fius and Lugdunenfts , Sifymbrium Cardamine -, The
Common or Vulgar Water-Crels. The fecond is
called, Nafturtium aquaticum rotundifolium majus ,
Sifymbrium aquaticum Matthioli , Sifymbrii altcrius
Species fecunda Thalii 5 Nafturtium aquaticum alte-
rum , & aquaticum amarum Baubini ■, The Greater
round-lea v’d Water-Crefs. 3. Nafiurtium Aquati-
cum rotundifolium minus, Sifymbrium Aquaticum
minus Matthioli ■, The Lelfer round-lea v’d Water-
Crels. 4. Nafturtium Aquaticum erettum j olio lon-
giore Baubini, Sium vulgare Matthioli -, Slum Mat-
thioli, (J? Slum Jtalorum Lobe hi, Cf Lugdunenfts •,
Mat thiol us his Water-Crefs, or the Italian Water-
Crefs.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft has a long Root ,
which is filled with nothing but Knobs or Bunches of
white Fibres or Threads *, from whence fpring forth
many weak, hollow, fappy Stalks or Branches , trail-
ing upon the Water and gravelly Earth where it
grows, taking hold in feveral places as it creeps , by
which means it fpreads it felf very much, Jhooting
forth Fibres at the, Joints. As the Stalks grow up-
wards, they are filled with long winged Leaves, ha-
ving many fmall Leaves fet upon a middle Rib, one
againft another , excepting the point Leaf, which
ftands by it felf as does that of the Afh-tree. The

upper

Chap. 1 7 o. Unglijh Herbs.

,i

upper face of the whole Plant it of a brown green
color, and the Leaves are green underneath , r ohich
fays Gerard, Is the perfetf mark to know the Phyfi-
cal kind from the others. The Flowers are many and

white, f unding on long Foot-fialks at the tops of the
Branches : which being pafs'i away, are fucceeded by
a like number of /mail long Pods, like Horns, which
contain mi thin them /mail yellow Seed. The whole
Plant abides green in the Winter, and taftes Sharp
and biting, fomewhat like to other CrefTes. r

f Paler (reuses, round fa.
^ tyreat.

the Joint s , from whence rife one or more Stalks which
are hollow weak and Pappy, with a great number of
long winged Leaves,which are made up of fevera! broad,
\Jappy, and almoft round Leaves, of a reidi.lh brown
green color on the top , and green underneath : when it
t uns up into Stalk, the higher Leaves are longer and
more pointed, yet round pointed withal. The Flowers
\grow at the tops of the Branches, like the former, nor
doeslhePods andSeeidiffer much therefrom. Parkinfon
\fays, that it is fo extreamly bitter, that it cannot be
eaten till it is boiled in Water, and Jhtfted again : I
have feen it grow feveral times, and have gathered
it, but never could find that bitter Tafte in it but
only a very fharp biting Tap, like other CrcSes •
Matthiolus fays, Nafturtio Emile quiddam guftu
prafert.

I V- 'P* ‘bird, or lefler round kind, has a white
\ fibrous Root, from whence fpring forth a great num-
ber of long winged Leaves, very like to the /aft, in
their Subjlance and Form, being fat, broad and
roundijh like them, but very much lefs : from amidft
thefe Leaves fpring forth feveral long Stalks, when
run up to Seed, which are almoft naked, fave that
here and there they have a ftngle winged Leaf, cut
" fi™ ,onS fender parts , almoft to the middle
Rib. The Stalks at their tops , abound with a great
number of little Branches , filled with fmall fine whi-
tiJh Flowers , which in the very tops of all , appear
exceeding fmall and diminutive, fo as they are not
eafy to be feen afunder.

JI- The fourth, or Italian kind, has a long Root,
which crepis not fo much as any of the former , nor
K ft fo full of Fibres r the Leaves grow many on a
winged Stalk, and differ not much from the fir ft Pa-
ving that the Stalk la crefted, and the Leaves are
dented or /nipt ,n a little round the edges , being in
\Jhape between the Garden-Crefs and Cuckow-flower
' the Stalks are crefted and divided into many Branch-
es : the Flowers are white, which being pafs'd away, are
K \feeief Gdfi bp ‘be Ordinary or Common

Warer-Crds, and with like Seed. The Tafte of both
Herb and Seed k more mild and pleafant than that of
the other Water-Crefles. J

VI.L fh a11 Sr°w for the moll
r‘lrtHlnn^Tla ftar|d,ng Waters ; and fometimes in
lmall Rivulets of running Water : but the laft is
iometimes found growing in Gardens.

■ yjp1 Jhe pmes- They fpring and grow green
in March and April. That Water-Crefs which is
eaten in Sallets, is bed in March and April: they
Houriih all the Summer, and flower in June and
July, their Seed ripening in Auguft.

IX. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the
third degree : are Diuretick,' Cephalick, Neurotick,
Stomatick, Hyilerick, Nephritick, Alexipharmick
and Antifcorbutick.

X. The Specified i ion. They are peculiar againft

the Scurvy in a cold Habit of Body.

XI. The Preparations. You may have, I. A
plet. i. A liquid Juice. 3. An EJfence. 4. An
Infufion. 5. A Lotion. 6. A dtft tiled Water. 7.

A Spirituous Tindure. 8. An Acid TinUure. 9.

An Oily Tinflure. To. A Saline Tintture . 11. A
Spirit. 12. Affixed Salt.

The Virtues.

I ? ballet . It is made of the green Herb,
gathered in March and April, pickt and wafht
clean, and drefsd up with Salt, Vinegar and Oil,
or Sugar, and fo eaten raw : ir is generally eaten in
die Spring time, to cleanfe and purifie the Blood
IV. T h’ Crrool , , , , , „ die Juices ol the Body, and cure the Scurvy.’

aim-lit h kc 1 he ( great round-leavd, hat a Root Xili, The liquid Juice. It is more powerful
InJ i,c the former, footing Jonh many Fibres at | than that of Brooklime againft the Scurvy El a cold

^ * Habit

'fV aler Crefses rounbZeavb

2^2

Salmon s 'Herbal Lib. L

iiabit ot' Body, tor it deaiifes the Blood and Hu-
mors it is a I fo faid to he good to break the Stone,
and to expet ic, as alfo Sand, Gravel, and other lar-
tarous Matter it provokes Urine and the Terms,
ir given in a proper time. If ? parts ot the Juice
is mixed with 1 part of the Juice ot Oranges, it
will be Hill more prevalent againlt the Scurvy.
Dole of the Juice is from i ounce to 2 or a, twice
or thrice a day, being mixed with any proper Ve-

b'xiv. T be F.ffrnce. It has all the Virtues of the
juice, but much more Sromatick it ftreugthens
the Stomack and warms it, creates an Appetite, and
caufes a good Digeftion, and very powerfully pro-
vokes Urine and the Terms. Taken from i to 2
ounces or more, well fweetned with Honey, it opens
Ohltru&ions of the Lungs, and takes away Hoarle-
nels, Wheezing, difficulty of Breathing, and Ihort-
ne(s of Breach. Both the Juice and the Elfence, be-
ing bathed on, or applied to the Face or other parts
oi°the Skin, it takes away Freckles, Lentils, Pim-
ples, Spots, Sun-burning, Tanning, Yellownefs, and
other Deformities thereof.

XV. The Infujion in Water or Wine , in a fimmer-
ing or fcalding heat. It has the Virtues of the Juice
and Elfence, but not full out fo powerful. It is
good 10 wafh filthy foul Ulcers, Filtula’s, running
Sores, Herpes, Scurf, Morphew, W c. cleanfing them,
and making them much the more fit to be healed.

XVI. The Lotion. Take of the Juice 3 parts ;
of White-wine Vinegar 1 part, mix them. It is an
excellent thing againft almolt all Deformities of the
Skin, as Freckles, Pimples, Scurf*, Leprofy, &c.
and it is good alfo to bath the fore part of the Head
therewith, Morning and Evening, for fuch as have the
Lethargy, or are dull, drowfie, and very fleepy :
but in this laft cafe, the Patient ought to fnuff up
the Juice of Water-Crejjes every day for fome time •,
both in the Morning, and at Night alfo, an hour
before Bed -time •, becaufe as an Errhine , it purges
the Head and Brain of all cold, moift and noxious
Humors caufing the Lethargy, and other the like
Difeafes of thofe Parts.

XVII. The diflilled Water. It has much Spirit
and volatile Salt in it, and mav be ufed as a Vehi-
cle, to convey any of the other Preparations into the
Body.

XVIII. The Spirituous Tmtture. It cures the
Scurvy in a cold Conftitution, and is of excellent
Ufe to reUifie the Dilfempers of the Stomach : it
warms and comforts it, caufes a good Appetite and
Digeftion, and prevails againft Gripings, Colicks
and Convulfions of the Bowels. It is a fingular
thing againft cold and moift Diftempers of the Head,
Brain and Nerves * and is good againft Dullnefs,
Droufinefs, Heavinefs, Sleepinefs,Apoplexy, Falling-
ficknefs, Convulfions, Palfies, and the like Difeafes,
being bathed outwardly upon the Parts affeUed, and
taken inwardly Morning, Noon and Night from 1
dram to 3 drams, in any proper Vehicle. In Difeafes
of the Head, it will be alfo good to fmell to it of-
ten, and fometimes to fnuff it up the Noftrils, by
which it eafes Pains of the Head, and helps againft
Vertigo’s, and other cold and moift Diftempers of
thofe Parts.

XIX. The Acid Tinffure. It is more Stomatick
than the former , and a powerful Refifter of the
Scurvy, and all its Symptoms. It opens ObftruUi-
ons of the Vifcera, provokes the Terms, prevails a-
gainlt the Cachexia and Green-ficknefs in young Wo-
men, more efpecially if it is given with a proporti-
onal quantity of Tinffura Mart is. It removes La-
zinefs and Wearinefs of the Body, comforts the
weak Bowels, and ftrengthens the whole univerfal
Frame. Dole fo much as may make the Vehicle

pleafantly fharp ^ and may be taken three or four
times a day, according as the Occalion may require.
Outwardly applied to the Skin, it is of fingular
good Ufe againft Freckles, Lendls, Spots, Sun-
burning, Tanning, Yellownefs and Brownnels of the
Skin, Scurff, Morphew, Leprofie, . and other like
Deformities thereof, being gently applied or laid
thereupon.

XX. The Oily TinUt&e. It is a fingular good
thing againft Palfies, Gouts, Lamenefs, Numbnels,
Coldnefs of any Part, Pains and Aches of the fame ^
as alfo Cramps and Cqpyulfions , being daily taken
inwardly Morning, Noon and Night in any proper
Vehicle, front 20 drops to 6 b, according to the Oc-
cafions and Nece(fitie$-fo£ the lame ^ but it is alfo
to be ufed outwardly at the fame time, by anointing
it well upon all die parts affefted, twice -a day, viz.
Morning and Evening. Inwardly taken, it is alfo
good agiinft the Stone, Gravel, Sand, or any Tar-
tarous- Matter in the Reins, Ureters and Bladder,
opening Obftru&ions of thofe Parts, and caufing
Urine to be plentifully evacuated.

XXI. The Saline Tinffure. It may be given in-
wardly againft Obftrubtions of the Urinary Paflages
from 40 to 8b drops, or more, in any Diuretick Ve-
hicle hat is ufed chiefly externally againft all forts
of Deftcdatibns of the Skin, as Scurf’ Morphew,
Leuce, Lepfoly, Tettars, Ring-worms, Pulhes, Boils,
Pimples, ana other like DilafteUions. It is alfo
faid to cure the Itch, being well rubbed in twice a
day upon all the Parts afteUed.

XXII. T 1)e Spirit. How this Spirit is to be made
fee the Second Edition of our Tharmacopceia Bate ana ,
lib. 1. cap. 2. Jeff. 67. It has all the Virtues of the
Spirituous Tin&ure, with this Advantage, that it is
a much finer and purer Medicine to fee to , and a
much pleafahter Preparation to be taken. It may-
be given from 20 drops to 60 in any proper Vehi-
cle, two or three times a day. It prevails againft
the Scurvy, Dropfie, Jaundice, Stone and Gout.

XXIII. The fixed Salt. It is admirably Diure-
tick and Antifcorbutick, and carries off the Morbi-
fick Caufe of the Scurvy, Dropfie, Jaundice, Gout,
Stone, Struma, Cachexia, Chlorofis, Rickets, O'c.
by Urine, opening all manner of ObttruUions. Dofe
from 1 Scruple to 2 Scruples.

CHAP. CLXXI.

0/ -CRO $ S-W ORT.

I. H E Nnfoes. This Plant, as it was unknown
JL to the ancient G'repks , fo it has j 10 Greek
Name retaining to it : , but -it is called in Latin ,
Cruciata , and l 'rucialis, from the Situation of the
Leaves. TImI/us dills it (fruciata her ni aria ^ and
Lobel, C/ucinta minor , to diftinguifh it from Genti- '
ana Criiucjata . " Lugdurtenfis calls it Afpea ala) aurea ;
it is alio called Gallium Secundum Tragi s for his
primum \^Gaitiand Cruciata ; Bauhinus calls it Cru-
cial a hir Jut a : in Eng/JJh , Crofs-wort^ and Golden
Crofs-zyort.

II. ‘‘The Kinds. Authors make four Ikinds there-
of, as' th t Cruciata vulgaris ^ our Common CroL-
wortL Cruciata minor l ate a ^ Small yellow Crofs-
wort : Cf'uciata minor inontana^ Small Mountain Crofs-
wort-, and Cruciata minima wuralis, The Raft Wall
Crofs-wbrt : ■ but as tif'thefe, there is but one, and
that is the fifft of -ffiem. which grows i n England^ fo
we (hall take the Pains'* only -to delcribe it.

III. The Defcription. It has a Root which is ve-
ry Jmall and full of fibres , which taking hold of the
Earthy fpreads with the Branches over a great deal

Chap. 17 1. EngUjb Herbs.

243

of Ground , which peri/hes not in the Winter , tho'
the Leaver die away every Lear, and firing again
afrejh. From this Root firing up [quart hairy brown
Stalks , fomething jnore than a foot high , having four
fmall broad and pointed hairy , yet [moth , not rug-
ged., yellow green Leaves, growing at every Joint ,
Wfi againft other crofs-wife , from whence proceeds
the Name. Towards the tops of the Stalks, at the
Joints with the Leaver, in three or four rows up-
wards, ft and fmall, pale, yellow Flowers, after which
come fmall, blackifh , round Seed, four for the moft
part contained in every Husk .

IV. The Places. It grows in many moift Grounds,
as well Meadows as other wild and untill’d places
about London : in the Church-yard at Hampftead,
near London : at Wye in Kent : at Rand, near Ring-
more in Suffex, along the High-way and in a Pa-
fture adjoining to the Church-yard at Hampftead by
the Mill: alfo in a Lane or Highway beyond Charl-
ton ; a fmall Village near Greenwich, and in feveral
other places.

V. The Times. It flowers for the moft part from
May all the Summer long, in one place or other, as
it grows more or lefs in the Sun j and the Seed ri-
pens foon after.

VI. The Qualities. It is temperate in refpcft of
Heat or Cold ; and dry in the fecond degree. It is
Angularly Aftringent ; and admirably Traumatick or
Vulnerary.

VII. The Specification. It is dedicated to the
Cure of green Wounds, Ulcers and Ruptures.

VIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, X. A liquid Juice. 1. An Effence. 3. A
DecoSion. 4. A Ponder. 5. An Ointment or Bal-
J'am. 6. A Cataplafm. 7. A Spirituous TinSure.
8. An Acid TinSure. 9. An Oily TinSure.

The Virtues.

X. The Effence. It has the Virtues of the Juice,
but more powerful for the lame Intentions : Camc-
rarius fays it helps to expeftorate Flegm out of the
Thorax, and is good againft the Obllruftions of the
Lungs or Stomach ; as alfo other Obllruftions in
the Meferaick Veins, Lafteals, and other Viicera.
Dofe 2 or 3 ounces in Wine, Efc.

XI. The DecoSion. It has the fame Virtues with
the Juice and Effence, but not full out fo effeftual :
neverthelefs, ( the Decoftion being made in Wine,
or in Water with Wine added to it) it is often gi-
ven as a Wound-drink, in which way of Exhibition
it is very efficacious : and mixed with Spirit of
Wine, it is good to cleanfe old running Sores, and
putrid Ulcers ; cleanfing the fame, and inducing
them to a fpeedy healing. It cures alfo Ruptures.

XII. ThePouder. It is made of the dry’d Leaves,
Taken to a dram Morning and Evening, it is good
to flop any inward Bleeding, fpitting of Blood, pif-
fing of Blood, or Bloody-flux : the fame it does al-
fo being applied to any bleeding Wound. It alfo
dries up Moifture in Ulcers, and flops the Flux of
any running Sore, being applied after walhing the
fame with the Juice, Effence or Decoftion ol the
fame Plant before fpecified.

XIII. The Ointment or Balfam. They cleanfe,
and are admirably drying and healing ; give Eafe
where the Pain is extravagant, allay the Inflamma-
tion, breed Flelh where it is wanting ; dry up the
Moifture, and produce the Cicatrize in a very fhort
time.

XIV. The Cataplafm. Made of the green Herb
with the Poudet of the dryed Herb, and applied, it
Hops the Bleeding in Wounds, prevents the Afflux
of Humors, and fo by confequence Pain and Inflam-
mation. Applied to Ample Contufions, it difcuffes
them, and quickly reftores the Part to its former
State of Health.

XV. The Spirituous TinSure. It heals inward
Wounds, and Hops inward Bleedings, reftores the
Tone of the Bowels being hurt, is good againft
Ruptures, Bloody-fluxes, Diarrhea, Lienteria, and
the Hepatick-flux, and has indeed all the Virtues of
the Juice and Effence. Dofe 1 or 2 ounces in Wine,
or any other At Vehicle.

XVI. The Acid TinSure. It is good to expefto-
rate tough and vilcous Humors, opens Obllruftions
of the Vifcera, ftrengthens the Stomach, and helps
a decayed Appetite : it may be taken inwardly in
Wine to a grateful Acidity every day, two, three or
four times a day : if mix’d with Water to a Grate-
fiilnefs, and a little dulcified with Sytup of Clove -
gi/liflmers, it abates the Heat of Fevers, allays In-
flammations of the Lungs, quenches Thirft, and re-
preffes Vapors, being taken as ordinary Drink.

XVII. The Oily TinSure. It is eminently good
againft Punftures of the Nerves, heals nervous
Wounds , gives eafe in the Gout tho’ never fo ex-
tream, and in a fhort time cures it : it ftrengthens
the Joints, and is Angularly good againft ConvuHi-
ons and Palfies, being duly anointed upon the Parts
affefted.

CHAP. CLXXII.

IX. The liquid Juice. Taken to 2 or 3 ounces
in Red Port Wine, or Wine mixed with Water, it
flops inward Bleedings, as alfo the Bleedings of in-
ward Wounds , and confolidates and heals them :
applied alfo outwardly to green Wounds, it does
the fame •, for by clofing the Lips of Wounds quick-
ly together, the Cure foon after fucceeds.

Of CROWFOOT Meadow.

L’ I ''ll E Names. It is called in Greek, Rnef.-qtw ,
X (Frog-wort: ) in Latin, Ranunculus, alfo
Pes Corvi , and Pes Corvinus : in Englijh, Crowfoot,
King Cob, Gold Cups, and Butter-flowers.

II z II. The

'I r

Salmon j- Herbal.

il. J be h indi. Authors are in a Wood about this
Plant, and make fo many general kinds thereof,
that it is difficult to reduce each Species to its pro-
per Cla/fis. However, fince we intend only to treat
of them which grow in England, ( fetting afide the
Ranunculi Mont am , which were never known to
grow with us in our Country) and that we may be
intelligent to the Vulgar, we fhall divide them into
the five following Clajjes, viz. i. Bat fjf.yyiv huu&vtw^
Ranunculus Rratenfis , Meadow Crowfoot, of which
in this Chapter. 2. But&.%ov mfivov. Ranunculus A-
grefiis , Field, or Fallow-field Crowfoot, of which
in Chap. 175. 3. B*t&1.vov Ranunculus Ne-

moralis , of which in Chap. 174. 4. Ba.Tpa.yiov twJ'&v,
Ranunculus Aquaticus , Water Crowfoot, of which
in Chap. 175. 5. Bat ^ov nytyv. Ranunculus Hor-
tenfis , Garden Crowfoot, of which in Chap. i~]$.
following,

III. Of Meadow Crowfoot we have growing with
us five feveral kinds, 1 . Ranunculus Rratenfis com-
munis, The Common Meadow Crowfoot. 2. Ra-
nunculus pratcnfis dulcis , fimplex and multiplex ,
Meadow Crowfoot fweet , ( or not biting ) nngle
and double flowred. 3. Ranunculus pratenfs
pens , Common creeping Meadow Crowfoot. 4.
Ranunculus Bulbojus five Tuberofus , Knobbed or
Tuberous Crowfoot. 5 . Ranunculus Globo/us , Globe
Crowfoot.

Common Meadow Crowfoot.

Among thefe Leaves rife up J'mall twiggy Stalks
which fan d upright , a foot high , or higher , fome-
t imes ( according to the goodnefs of the Ground) a
foot and half high h at the tops of the Stalks and
Branches come forth many fine yellow Flowers , glit-

t Prina nr /r (-.nlAon mis t

the middlepart of which Flowers are filled with ma -
ny fmallThreads of like color ; which being faff, the
Seed follows, contained in a rough Ball or Husk. Of
this kind there is alfo one with double Flowers.

IV. The Defcriptions. Common Meadow Crow-
foot ( whofe Br inches or Stalks Jiand upright , and
bend not down again unto the Ground , neither creep
thereon, or fpreud, taking root again in divers places,
as t he third kind following does J has a white Root,
which is alnwjl wholly fibrous \ from whence fpring
up many large dark green Leaves, cut into divers
parts, J one what refemblmg the fpreadirg of a Crows
Foot, having a very /harp, hot and burning Tafte ve-
ry much biting the Tongue, and blijlering the Skin,
if laid thereon, not much lefs than any other hot Cor-
roding and Exulcer ating Herb can do ; which Leaves
have now and then fome blackijh Spots upon them,
but thefe Spots happen not in all , nor m all places.

Sweet Meadow Crotvjbot

V. The fecond, or fweet kind, has a Root confifi.
ing of many white Fibres, as the former, from whence
fifes up feveral great, broad, dark, green Leaves ,
Spread upon the Ground, a little hairy, cut in on
the edges into five Divifions, and a little dented alfo
about, especially at the ends, and of a paler yellowijh
green on the underfide, of a fweet and not unpleafant
Tajle ; for I call it Sweet Crowfoot, not becaufe it
fnie lls fweet, but becaufe it has no Jharp , biting or
exulcerating Tajle , as moft of the other Crowfoots
have, being fo fweet, foft and pleafant, that the
People in many places do Jlew the Leaves, when they
are young, with other Herbs , to eat them after the
manner of a boiled Sallet. From among theje Leaves
rife up feveral hairy Stalks, a foot or foot and half
high, with fome Leaves upon them more divided, and
cut into fmaller and narrower parts than thofe which
are lower. At the tops of thefe Stalks and Branches
Jiand many fair Golden yellow colored Flowers, with
yellow Thrumbs in their middle, fo very like to the
former Common Meadow Crowfoot, that they are
not eafy to be dficerned af under : the rough Heads
and Seed following them are alfo like the other before
defcribed. Of this kind there is one alfo with dou-
ble Flowers.

VI. The third , or creeping kind, has a white and
thready Root , from whence fpring forth feveral
Leaves , which are divided into many parts , common-
ly into three y fome times into jive , cut here and there
in the edges , as if they were fnipt , of a deep green
color , upon which are found divers white Spots. From
among thefe Leaves fpring up the Stalks , which are

round

Chap. 172. ‘Englifb Herbs. 245

round , and fcmething hairy Jome of them bend down
towards the Ground , trailing as it were , and put
forth many Roots at the Joints , which are fmall
white Fibres , by which it takes hold of the Ground ,
fo encreafes or fpreads it felf far about. Some
of the principal Stalks ft and upright , a _/#<?/ high or
higher , fometimes they feem to be rather leaning

than upright : at the tops of thefe Stalks and their
Branches come forth the Flowers , confifting of five
Leaves apiece , and of a glorwus Gold yellow color ,
und a Golden-colored Thrumb in the middle , tefaVib
being paft , juf/i knobby rough Heads of Seed , very
like to the Jirft. The fharp Tafte of the heaves and
Flowers are alfo like to the fame . Of this kind there
is alfo one with double Flowers , which is nurs’d up
in Gardens.

VII. The fourth , or tuberous kind, has a Root
white and round , of the bignefs fometimes of a Wall-
nut, and fometimes much lefs , not much bigger than
a Bean or large Filbert, with fame long Fibres , efpc-
cially at the end of it , which is of a more fharp and
biting Tafte than any of the former : from this Root
fpring up divers Leaves , much more cut in and di-
vided than any of the former , every one of them
j landing on a fhort Foot-ftalk, of an over-worn green
color : among which rife up fever al flender Stalks ,
a foot or foot and half high, with fome Leaves there-
on at the Joints , more divided , and into longer and
narrower parts than thofe below ; at the tops of the
Stalks and Branches come forth fair fhining Gold-
colored Flowers , confifting of five Leaves apiece , like
the former kinds , with many. Threads in the middle ,
ftanding about a green Head which after the Flowers
are paft, grows to be more rough or prickly than the
feedy Heads of any of the aforegoing. Of this kind
is that thought to be which bears double yellow Flow-
ers, one out of another , called Anglicus bulbofus or
tuberofus. Alfo another , whofe Flower is fingle ,
and red , like an Orange.

VIII. The fifth , or Globe kind, ( called in the
Northern Countries of England, where it grows ,
Locker Goulous) has a Root compofed of many black-
ijfh Fibres or Strings , from whence rife many fair ,

broad , dark green Leaves next the Ground, ftanding
upon long Foot -ft a Iks, which Leaves are deeply cut
or jagged into five, fix or feven Divifions , and he-
ft des nipt in or dented on the edges •, among which
rifes up a Stalk, divided towards the top into fomc
Branches : on the Stalk are fet fuch-hke Leaves as
are below, but fmaller. On the tops of the Stalk and
Branches grow fever al large fair yellow Flowers,con-
fift/ng of five Leaves apiece , or rather of eleven
Leaves for the moft part, fet or placed in three rows,
and always folded inwards , or routed up together Like
a round Ball or Globe, like a clofe Flower never
blowing, ( from whence came the Name : ) they have
many yellow Threads in the middle , ftanding round
about a green rough Head, which in time grows to be
full of fmall Knobs , wherein is contained Jmall black
Seed.

IX. The F laces. They all grow in Fields and
Meadows, or Pafture-Grounds, thro’ all England,
especially the four firft kinds. The fifth kind grows
wild in moft places of Lancafhire and Torkjhire,
and other bordering Shires in the Northern parts of
this Kingdom, almoft in every Meadow ^ but has
not been yet found wild in any of the Southern or
Weftern parts of England.

X. Toe Times. They flower in May and June,
and the Seed is ripe in July and Auguft.

XI. The Qualities, Specification, Freparationsfir -
tues and Lfes, fee in Chap. 17 6. following, where
they will be handled at large.

CHAP. CLXXIII.

Of CROWFOOT Field.

I.'T 'HE Names. It is called in Greek,

JL tcybufyimv to dgyv • in Latin, Ranunculus
arvus, vel arvorum and in Englifh, Field or Fallow-
Field Crowfoot.

Fcllonfftchl Crootv jfoot

Lib, L

146 Salmon’ <r Herbal

ii. The Kinds. It is a lingular Plant, and is cal-
led by Label in his leones, Ranunculus arvorum -,
and is the fame with Ranunculus arvenfis Gefneri ,
Ranunculus arvenfis echinatus Bauhini , Ranunculus
Jegeta/is Cordi ■, Ranunculus Sylvefiris tertius Dodo-
n.ei & Lobelii in Obfervationious , Fallow-field
Crowfoot,

III. The Defcription. It has a f mall white fi-
brous Root , from whence fpring forth fame deeply
lagged Leaves upon long foot-fialks , but f mailer than
any of the former , and divided into many narrower
parts, of an over-worn green color they are fat and
thick , much jagged , and fome thing refembling ( fays
Gerard) the Leaves of Sampire, but not near fo
green. from among thefe Leaves rifes up a Stalk
about afoot or more high , which towards the top is
divided into other Branches -, the Leaves on the high-
er part of the Stalk are more jagged or divided than
thofe which are lower. 'The flowers grow at the tops
of the Branches , which are confifiing of five fmall
Leaves , of a pale or faint yellow color , which being
puff'd away , there come Clufiers of rough and Jh ap-
pointed Seed , fet as it were in Heads , many to-
gether.

IV. The Places. It is found chiefly in Ploughed
Lands and fallow fields in many parts of England -,
the Latins called it Ranunculus arvorum , becaule
it is commonly found in Fallow Fields, where Corn
has lately been fown, and fo may be called Corn
Crowfoot.

V. The Times. It flowers in May and June -, the
Seed ripening in the mean while in Augufi and Sep-
tember.

VI. The Vitalities, Specification , Preparations and
Virtues thereof are the fame with the Common Mea-
dow Crowfoot , which may be found at large in Chap.
17 6. following.

CHAP. CLXXIV.

Of CROWFOOT Wood.

I.^Tp/ZE Karnes. It is called in Greek , Bar &ytt>v

JL 'ivKvS'v v •• in Latin , Ranunculus Kemoralis
and in Eng/ifh , Wood Crowfoot.

II. The Kinds. There are, 1. Ranunculus ne-
morofus albus fimplex, Ranunculus Phragmit is Gef-
neri , Ranunculus Sylveftris Tragi , White fingle-
flowred Wood Crowfoot. 2. Ranunculus nemoro-
fus albus minor , Ranunculus nemorofus Anemones
flore minor Bauhini , The leaft or leffer white Wood
Crowfoot. 3. Ranunculus nemorofus flore Cameo ,
Lf flore purpureo , The Angle blufh and purple Wood
Crowfoot. 4. Ranunculus nemorofus luteus , The
yellow Wood Crowfoot. 5. Ranunculus nemorofus
dulcis , Ranunculus fylveftris fecundus Tragi , Ra-
nunculus Auricomus Lobe hi , Sweet Wood Crow-
foot. 6. Ranunculus mont anus albus minor fimplex.
Ranunculus Alpinus albus , The leffer fingle white
Mountain Crowfoot. 7. Ranunculus Virginenfis
vel Virginianus albus , White Virginian Crowfoot.

III. The Defcriptions. The fir ft, or White fin-
gle-flowred, has a Root commonly of the bignefs of a
Wheat Straw , not growing right down , but creeping
at length, under the upper Cruft of the Earth , fpread-
ing into fever al fmall Knobs , like Branches or Arms
of a dark brown color on the out fide, and white within
if a Jharp biting Tafie , inflaming the Mouth, from
ibis Root rife up two or three Stalks, about an Hand \

breadth high or more, about the middle whereof come
forth ufually three Stalks of Leaves, each being
fomething broad, hard, and cut in on the edges into
three parts, of a fad green color, and dented alfo :
the Stalk rifes up two or more inches high, bearing
at the top one fingle flower, hanging down the Head
forthemofl part, confifiing of five Leaves, fome what
broad, and almofi round-pointed, of a light blewijh
color on the out fide, before it is blown open, but white
afterwards , and more white on the infide , having a
few white Threads in the middle j tipt with yellow,
ftanding about a green Head-, which growing ripe in
length of time, is fomething like the other Heads of
Crowfeet, compofed of many fmall Seeds compared
together.

IV. T hefecond, or leaft, or leffer White kind, has
a Root fmall and long, and creeping under the upper
Crufi of the Earth , like the former, and it has fuch-
like Leaves as the other fingle White kind, divided
into three parts , and each of them into others again,
fianding upon little long Foot-fialks, but they are
much leffer, fo that the whole Leaf hereof is not
much bigger than one of the Divifions or Parts of the
other : the Stalk is very fmall, with few Leave «
thereon, divided in two places more than the lower ,
little more than two inches high : at the top grows
a white flower, confifiing of fix white Leaves, with
a few yellowifh Ti) reads in the middle which being
pafs'd away, leaves a round Head compofed of mtiny
fmall Seeds, not much unlike the former.

V. The third, or fingle blufh-colored Wood Crow-
foot, is in its Roots, Stalks, Leaves , flowers. Heads,
Seeds, and form of Growing, like unto the former •
fo that until it is in flower, there can fcarcely any
difference be dfeerned : but when the flower ap-
pears, it fhews it f elf much more reddifh on the out -
fide, and of a fair pale purple or blufh color on the
infide, which makes it a difiinll Species of it fclfi
differing from the refi. But fometimes different Va-
rieties are found of this kind, having its Stalk fome -

Chap. 174. Enghjh Herbs . 247

thing browner , its FAiwr 0/ a pale purplifh blew

color ( from whence it is called Ranunculus nemo-
rofus Hore purpureo coeruleo ) like unto a pale Vio-
let flower , awrfxwf ***{{■

aforegoing lands the Italians call Wild Ginger, ei-
ther becattfe the Roots of them all are very JharpM,
and biting the Tongue, like Ginger; or becattfe than
Roots do grow a little fpreadmg into feveral Arms
or Tubcrofities, like to Ginger.

VI. The fourth , or yellow kind, has Roots very
like to the firft defcribei in this Chap, from whence
loring forth fuch-like Stalks of Leaves, and growing
in the fame manner ; but the Leaves are not fo broad,
nor fo hard in handling, and are more deeply cut in-
to more long and narrower parts, each a! fo dented a-
bout the edges, efpecially about the ends of the Leaves,
which are of a darker green color, from between
the/e Stalks of Leaves Jhoots forth fometimes but ane
and fometimes two or three Stalks, at the top of each
of which grows one flower, fomethtng fmaller than
the former, confi fling generally of fix or f even, and
fometimes of eight Leaves, which are of a fair pale
yellow color, with many J mail Threads in the middle
which being pafs’daway, there fucceed like Heads of
Seed, as in the others. Thcfe flowers have the leaf
Smell of them all. And unto this kind belongs that
fort of Anemone (but rather Crowfoot) which uo-
donxus calls Trifolia, having the Leaves parted into
three , /nipt about the edges , and which bears a wm-
tijh blujh Flower.

(j olden haired Croru Jbo*

on the Stalk,' are fill more divided than the former.
The flowers are fmall, and of a fair Jhining Gold-
yellow color , funding at the tops of the Stalks, like
unto the Common kinds cf Crowfeet. ^ After the
flowers are pafs’d away, come the rough Heads, like
a y»M//Strawberry, in like manner as other Crowfeet
have , in which Heads are contained, the Seed, many
jet together.

VIII. The ftxth, or leflTer fmgle white Mountain
Crowfoot, has Roots greater than any of the kindred
of Crowfeet •, from which Root fpring forth fur,
large, well-fpread Leaves, ( Handing upon a long
fool- jhilk ) which are cut into jive Divifions , and
fomewhat dented about the edges, green on the upper
fide, and paler underneath , having many Veins run-
ning thro 1 the Leaves : thefie Leaves are like thofe
of the Common Crowfoot, but greater, of a deep
green color, much like to thofe of the yellow Aconite,
called Aconitum luteum Ponticum : it has great fat
Stalks, about two feet or more high , fpreai into ma-
ny Branches ; at the tops of which come forth white
flowers, confifting of Jive Leaves apiece, with fmall
yellow Olives in the middle , fmelling like the flowers
of May or Haw-Thorn, but more pleafant ; after
which comes the Seed, which is contained in heads,
like to the other Crowfeet.

IX. The fieventh, or Virginian Crowfoot, has a
reddifb , thick, tuberous Root , with fome fmall fibres
/bringing from it : from which /boot forth three or
four fomewhat large, broad, whitijk-green Leaves
upon long foot-flalks, rent or torn on the edges for
the moft part , among which rifes up a /lender, round,
naked Stalk, five, fix or more inches high, bearing
one white flower at the top, made of ten or twelve
fmall, narrow and pointed Leaves, with a few yel-
lowifh Threads in the middle, fet about a greenijb
Head, which in time grows to be a long ]. tender Tod,
in which is contained round wbiti/h Seed.

X. The P laces. They are almoft all found grow-
ing in Woods, Groves and Orchards in moft places
of this Land. The fourth is found as well by Brcok-
fiides, which pafs by Meadows, as in Woods, and
by Hedge-fides. The fixth, is called Ranuncu-
lus Alptnus, becaufe that thofe which firft found
it met with it upon the Alpine Mountains ; how-
ever, fince it has been found to grow plentifully
Wild, in 'England, efpecially in HampJleadWood, from
whence it has been tranfplanted into Gardens. The
leventh bears in its Name the place of its Growth,
but it has been found in many other parts of flo-
rida.

XI. The Times. They flower pretty early in the
Spring, fometimes in March, but for the moft part
in April, and fometimes in May ; and the Seed is
ripe in June, July and Auguft.

XII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations,
Virtues and Ufes, fee in Chap. 176. thefe being of
the fame Nature with thofe others, where you may
have them at large.

VII. The fifth, or Auricomus of Lobel, which is
the fweet Wood kind, has a Root compofed of many
white Strings or Fibres, like unto fome others, but
neither its Root nor Leaf, has any Jharp biting Tafte
in them , but are almoft Tajtelefs. from this Root
fpring up Leaves firft of all, which are round , not
much unlike to Violet Leaves, and not divided in the
leaft •, but thofe which fpring up next after them, are
more divided , and fo alfo thofe which grow after up-

C H A P. CLXXV.

Of CROWFOOT Water.

I.'T' H E Names. It is called in Greek, b«t fyui
1 Weiti in Latin, Ranunculus aquatic us ;
and in Engli/h , Water Crowfoot.

II. The Kinds. Authors make feveral kinds ot
Water Crowfoot ■, as, 1. Water Spear-wort. 2. Water
Ivy. 7. Water Star-wort none ol which we can
admit into this Kindred ; tor tho’ they be hot, like

the

Salmons Herbal.

the Crowfeet , yet they have nothing of the Form,
and we think that fomething more than the Tafte
ought to conclude the feveral Species, otherwife
Ginger may as well be admitted into the fame Stock,
which I am fure no Herbarift will ever grant : for
this Reafon we referr you for the three afore-named
kinds of Plants to their proper places, which you
will find in fome of the following Chapters of this
Book.

III. The Water Crowfeet then, which we fhall
treat of in this Chapter, are four j i. Ranunculus
aquatic us vulgaris major ^ Ranunculus aquaticus He-
patic* facie Lobelii •, Ranunculus aquatuis Dodonai -,
Hepatica aquatica Lugdunenfs -, Hepatica palufiris
Thai ii • Ranunculus aquaticus folio rot undo & cap'll -
laceo Bauhini ■, The Common greater Water Crow-
foot. 2. Ranunculus aquaticus Communis minor..
Ranunculus HederuH folio aquaticus -, The leffer
Water Crowfoot. 3. Ranunculus palufiris Sardoni-
us Hvis •, St r time a , Lf Apiaflrum Plinii 5 by fome
Aptum Rif us ■, Herba Sardoa Guilandini, (who fays,
when he was taken Prifoner by Pyrates, and carried
into Sardinia , he faw this Herb growing plentifully
there : ) Apium aquatic umTragi - Apiaflrum Cordi \
Scelerata Apuleii * Ranunculus palufiris Cordi in
Hfioria Lugdunenfs, Tbalii , &c. Ranunculus pa-
lufiris Aptt folio lavis Bauhini •, Ranunculus palu-
firis rot undiore folio Lobelii -, Smooth-lea v’d Marfh
Crowfoot. 4. Ranunculus palufiris Sardonius lan -
guinofus Ranunculus Sardonius verus Diofcoridis -
Ranunculus Sardonius Angutlar* -, Apium Sylvcfire •
Ranunculus palufiris Apii folio languinofus Bauhini •
Ranunculus palufiris Jecundus Matthioli , Lf Cord)
m Hifioria The true Sardinian Marfh Crowfoot.

green , but towards the tops of the Branches growing
above the Water, there be none of thofe fine Leaves
at the Joints , or very few of them , but only round
Leaves , growing upon Jhort Loot -/talks , cut in a lit-
tle, and dented about the edges : and with them come
jorth hkewije fmall Milk-white Plowers, confifting
of five Leaves apiece , with fome Tellownefs in the
middle after which come fmall, rough, round Heads
of Seed, almoft like to thofe of the Land Crowfoot.

'Utter Crowfoot the Leffer.

aiX: frond, or Small Water Crowfoot, with

Alehoof or Groitnd-Ivy Leaves, hat a great number
J porous Roots, jrom whence come many long flen -
/ ’ trailing Branches or Stalks , Jhootmg forth at
alntojt all the Joints under Water many other fibrous
Jylc^ lf Spreads and very much encreafes
V^L r,r0m the f^rai Joints, as well under as
above the Water, fpring forth feveral fmalhoundifh,
indented Leaves, not much unlike to thofe of Ale-

I C n 1- ’ •■•"'■I' tu HJUJC uj /lie-

noof, / landing each upon a pretty long Loot -Pal k :
ifomenf*u- ' * -’

U'. The Defcriptions. The fir/1, or Common
Water Crowfoot, has a fmall fibrous or thready Root ,

jrom whence comes forth a long trailing tender Stalk,
with feveral Joints therein , at every one of which
that are under Water, come forth fine jagged or fea-
thred Leaves, almoft like Libres, but that they are

f “*"<5 “ y/cuy wng rooi-jtatn :

JromJome of the Joints with the Leaves, and at the
tops of the Stalks , come jorth palifh Flowers, bavin ?
five point ed Leaves apiece • which being pafs'd away
leave roundtfh Heads of Seed after them.

VI. T he third , or Smooth-leav’d Marfh Crow-
foot, has for a Root a Bujh of fmall white Fibres ■
jrom whence fhoot forth feveral Leaves upon long
root-ftalks, rounder than thofe growing higher upon
the Stalk , and not fo deep cut in, but dented about
the edges : from among thefe Leaves fhoot forth a
round hollow Stalk, near a foot and half high, fpread-
tng it felf forth into feveral Branches ; the lower
Leaves whereof are more round than thofe above
and. are divided fome into three parts, which arc the
firftand loweft, others into five Divifions, and each
of them dented about the edges, fomewhat like unto
Coriander Leaves , fmooth , and of a pale green color ■
but thofe up higher on the Stalk and tranches are
full more and more divided ; fo that fome cf the
higheft have no Dtvifion or Dent in them. At the
tops ftand fmall yellow Flowers, ( but Cordus fays
he has obfetvedjome to bear purplifh : ) which being
pafs’d away, there come in their places fmall, long
round Heads, of many crooked Seeds Jet together a's
in fome other forts is to be feen : the whole Flam is
as hot , Jharp, biting, and as exulceraling as any cf
the other kinds, whether of the Land or Water.

VII. The fourth, or True Sardinian Marfh Cicw-
foot, has a Root confifttng of a Bunch of while
Strings, from which fpnng forth feveral l,ngc winded.
Leaves, upon Foot-Jta/ks of a moderate length divi-
ded into Jeveral parts, and dented about the edges ■
from among which Jprtng up one or more Stalks
Spreading themfelves out into divers Branches, on
'which grow Leaves , Jome winged, and fome fing'e

Leaves

Chap. 176.

Herb,

s.

249

Leaves not winged , more divided than the former
kind , and fo hairy withal, ax if there wax a fmall
foft Cotton upon them : at the tops of the Branches
and Stalks come forth the Buds of blowers , confifling
of five broad-pointed Leaves apiece , each Leaf being
on its end hollowed in a little -, which being pafs'd a-
way, there fucceed Heads oj Seed, much like to the
former.

VIII. The Places. Thefe all grow in moift, wet
and morifh Grounds, and fomerimes by the fides of
Waters, Ponds and Ditches ^ and in plafhy places.
The firft is coriimon in many places of this King-
dom : the fecond is more rare to be met with : the
third and fourth are often found ^ but not altogether
fo frequent to be feen as the firft.

IX. The Times. They all flower in May and
June and their Seed is ripe fome time after.

X. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations, Vir-
tues and Vfes, fee in the following Chapter, thefe
being of the fame Nature and Temperature with the
former and thofe following.

CHAP. CLXXVI.

Of CROWFOOT Garden.

I.'Tp HE Names. It is called in Greek,

A Kvmwtiv x) ffvoejfAty, x} • in Lat in. Ranun-
culi Sativus vel hortenfis : in Englifh , Garden or
Manured Crowfoot.

II. The Kinds. Of the Ranunculi which Florifts
now ftilff their Gardens withal, there is fuch a great
number of them, that it would not be eafie to name
them all, much lefs to defcribe them * a great part
of them being originally Exoticks or Foreigners, but
being brought to us, and profpering well by a Cul-
tivating in our Gardens, they were made free Deni-
zons, ( as it were) and fo at length became Natives
of our Soil. The chief of thofe which we fhall
take notice of in this Work, are the eighteen fol-
lowing.

III. 1 . Ranunculi montam albi major. Great
Angle white Mountain Crowfoot. 2. Ranunculi
montam albi humilior duplici flore. The low dou-
ble white Mountain Crowfoot. 3. Ranunculi al-
bi flore pleno. The double white Crowfoot. 4.
Ranunculi pratenfis flore multiplici , The double
yellow Field Crowfoot. 5. Ranunculi Anglia
maximus multiplex. Garden double yellow Crow-
foot, called alfo Batchelors-buttons. 6. Ranuncu-
li Graminei duplice flore, Double-flowred Grafs-
like Crowfoot. 7. Ranunculus Creticus Latifolius ,
Broad-leav’d Candy Crowfoot. 8. Ranunculus Cre-
ticus albus. The white Candy Crowfoot. 9. Ranun-
culus Afiaticus flore Rubro , Single red Aflan Crow-
foot. 10. Ranunculus Afiaticus flore Amplo rubro.
The large Angle red Aflan Crowfoot. 1 1. Ranun-
culus Afiaticus flore rubro vario fimplici, The Angle
red ftript Afian Crowfoot. 12. Ranunculus Afia-
ticus flore luteo vario fimplici. The Angle yellow
ftript Afian Crowfoot. 13. Ranunculus Afiaticus
flore rubro pleno. The double red Afian Crowfoot.
14. Ranunculus Afiaticus flore pleno prolifero. The
double-buttoned red Afian Crowfoot. 15. Ranun-
culus Thalitfri folio major. The greater Columbine-
leav d Crowfoot. 16. Ranunculus Thalitfri folio
minor Afphodeli radice , Small Columbine-leav’d
Crowfoot. 17. Ranunculus lllyricus, Illyrian Crow-
foot. 18. Ranunculus folio Plant aginis, The Plan-
tain-leav’d Crowfoot.

IV. The Delcriptions. The firft, or Great Angle
white Mountain Crowfoot, h.u a Root confiding rf
many long, thick , whitijh Strings, running out from
a thick Head. Prom thts Root J'pring forth large and
green Leaves, divided into three parts, and fome-
times into five f pedal Divifions, and be fides each of
thofe parts are dented about the edges, fome what re-
J'e mb ling the Leaves of Globe Crowfoot, but larger.
The Stalk Is two feet and half high, having three
fmall Leaves, fet at the Joint of the Stalk, where it
branches out into blowers, which fland four or five
together upon long boot-flalks, made of Jive white
Leaves apiece. Very fweet in Smell, with fome yellow
Threads in the middle, encompajfing a green Head
which , with the Seed , is very like to other Crowfeet
of the Wild kind. There is one of this kind which is
alfo lejfer.

V. The fecond, or Low double white Mountain
Crowfoot , has a Root compofed of many white
Strings, from whence proceed three or four broad
thick Leaves , almoft round, and pretty deeply cut in
on the edges, of a fine green and fhining color on the
upper fide, but not fo green underneath •, among which
rifes up a fmall jhort Stalk, bearing one Snow-white
blower on the top, pretty large, and a little double
ax it were, with two rows of Leaves, with divers
yellow Threads in the middle, flanding about a green
Head, which in lime grows to be like to a fmall green
Strawberry, and full of Seed. There is alfo a Jingle
fort of this kind, having only one white blower on
the top of each Branch, which is lejjer , and confifts on-
ly of five round-pointed Leaves, being in all things
elfe like the other.

VI. The third, or Double white Crowfoot, is of
the fame kind with the flrfl, but lejfer its Roots ,
Stalks and Leaves being alike in all refpetfs : the
chief Difference is in the blowers, which in this
Plant are very thick and double. The Leaves are
fair, cut into five Divifions, and a little dented about
the edges, green on the upper fide, and pale under-
neath, having many Veins running thro' the Leaves :
the Stalk grows not very high, not much above afoot
and half in height , which is fpread into many Branches,
whofe tops are reafonably Bored with double white
blowers, as aforefaid.

VII. The fourth, or Double yellow Field Crow*
foot , has a Root running and creeping under the
Ground, like as the Jingle does -, from whence pro-
ceeds its Leaves and Stalks, in which there is but
little difference from the fingle Wild kind, which
grow in every Meadow, being large, and divided in-
to four or five parts, and indented about the edges ,
but they are fomething frailer, and of a brisker green.
The blowers fland on the many Branches , much di-
vided or feparated, being not very great, but very
thick, and double.

VIII. The fifth , or Great Englifh Garden double
yellow Crowfoot, called alfo Batchelors-buttons, has
a Root round, like unto a fmall white Turnep, with
fever al bibres adjoining to it : from which arife ?na -
ny great black, green Leaves, jagged and cut into
three Divifions, each to the middle Rib : from among
thefe Leaves fpring tip the Stalks, tibicb fpread
themf elves out into fever al Branches, and which have
fome f mailer Leaves on them.-, and thofe which are
next under the Branches, are long and narrow, the
higher up, the longer and narrower. The blowers
are of a greenifh yellow color, very thick and double
of Leaves •, in the middle of which rifes up a Jmall
Stalk, bearing another double blower, like to the 0-
ther out of which it grows, but J' mailer which being
pafs'd away, there comes a roundifh rough Head of
Seed, much like to the other Crowfeet.

IX. The fixth, or Double-flowred Grafs-like
Crowfoot, has a Root compofed of many thick, long ,

K k round.

Salmon’ s ‘HeriaL Lib, L

round , white Strings , from whence proceed long and
narrow Leaves , fomewhat like tint o Grafs, or rather
like to the Leaves of Jingle Gillifiowers or Pinks,
being /mail and fharp-pointed , d little hollow, and oj
a whitifh green color, tram among thefe Leaves
Jpring up Jeveral flender Stalks , bearing at the tops
each one fmall yellow b lower, which is double, as
con ft (ling oj two rows of Leaves, with fome Thieads
in the middle. There is alfo a fingle fort of this
Species, the flower being fmall, and conflfting oj
jive yellow Leaves, with yellow 7 breads in the mid-
dle, like to other Crowfeet. _

X. The f event h, or Broad-lea v’d Candy Crowfoot,
has a Root fomewhat like thofc of the Afian Crowfoot,
or compofcd of a number of tough Roots, like thofe oj
the yellow Alphodil : it has the great eft and broadejl
Leaves of all the forts of Crowfeet, being almoft
round, and without any great Divifions, dented a lit-
tle about the edges here and there, as large or larger
fome times than the Palm of ones Hand -, of a light
green color, yet fome of the Leaves are here and
there deeply divided. Among thefe Leaves rifes up
a Stalk, not very high when it does firft flower ■, but
afterwards as the blowers do open themf elves, it
grows to be about a foot and half high, having fome
Leaves on it deeply cut in and divided. The Stalk
isa/fo thick, round and ft iff, andfhoots it felf forth
into two or three Branches, at the Jetting on of which
grow longifh Leaves, a little dented about their ends.
Thefe Branches bear many fair yellow flowers, con-
flfting of Jive round-pointed Leaves apiece, ftanding
each a little di fiance from other, fo that the green
points of the 'Cups Jhew themfelves between them,
and having yellow Threads in the middle, but become
fomewhat whitifh when the flower has flood blown a
little time.

XI. The eighth , or White Candy Crowfoot, has
a Root confiding of many fmall Grains or Kernels,
of a dark or dusky greyifh color, fet together , and
its Leaves are veiy like to the Leaves of the Red
Afian Crowfoot, being fomewhat broad and indented
about the edges, fome of the Leaves being cut in or
gajht, making thereby as it were three Divifions , of
a pale green color, with many white Spots in them.
The Stalk rifes up a foot high, with fome Leaves on
it, which are more divided than the lower , and di-
vided at the top into two , and fometimes into three
Branches, each of them bearing a fair Snow-white
flower, fomething large , included at firft in a brown-
ifh Husk or Cup of Leaves, which afterwards (land
under the flowers, conflfting of Jive white , large,
round-pointed Leaves, having in their middle many
blackijh purple Thrumbs, encompajfing a fmall, long,
green Head, compofcd oj many Scales, or chaflie whi-
tifh Husks when they are ripe. They yield Seed,
but it is unprofitable , ds yielding no new Plants.
Some of this kind have their flowers purple-edged :
fome again have their flowers with Veins of the fame
purple -, and fome of them are edged with a bright
red color, not differing in any other particular.

XII. The ninth, or Single red Afian Crowfoot,
has a Root made of many Grains or fmall Kernels fet
together , and clofing at the Head , but fpreading it
felf, if it likes the Ground, under the upper Cruft
oj the Earth into many Roots, encreafing from long
Strings which run from the middle of the Jmall Head
of Grains, as well as from the Head it felf. The
lower Leaves are always whole, without Divifions,
being only fomewhat deeply indented about the edges :
but the others which rife after them, are more cut in,
fometimes into three, and fometimes into jive Diviji-

and notched alfo about the edges. The Stalk

large flower, conflfting oj five Leaves, every one of
them being narrower at the bottom than at the top,
and not ftanding round and clofe one to another, but
with a certain di fiance between, of a dusky yeUowifh
red color on the out fide, and of a deep red on the in-
fide, the middle being fet with many Thrumbs of a
dark purple color. The Head for Seed is long, and
fcaly or chaffy, and not profitable for j owing , as not
fpringing again.

XIII. The tenth , or Large fingle red Afian Crow-
foot, has a Root much like the f ormer, its Leaves
are broader and greater. The Stalk is much of the
fame height as the other , and branched out, with
like Leaves thereupon : the flower is alfo larger,
and the Leaves thereof broader, being fometimes eight
in a flower, ftanding round and clofe one to another,
oj a deep red color, which makes it look the fairer ,
and have the more excellent Jhew : in all other re-
fpeJls, it is like the laft.

XIV. The eleventh, or Single red ftript Afian
Crowfoot, has a Root, Stalk and Leaf very like to
the two lafi aforegoing, and in the manner oj growing,
differing chiefly in the blower, which being red, like
the two bejoregoing , has yet fome yellow Stripes or
Veins thro ’ every Leaf ; thefe Stripes are fometimes
but few and little, and fometimes fo much that it
feems to be party colored red and yellow. It is a ve-
ry tender Plant , and apt to penfh, unlefs carefully
lookt after.

XV. The twelfth, or Single yellow ftript Afian
Crowfoot, has a Root not much unlike to any of the
three laft defer ibed, but the Leaves are very diffe-
rent, being very much divided. The flower is large,
of a fine palijh green yellow color, conflft ing of fix
and feven, and fometimes of eight or nine round
Leaves -, the tops of which have reddifh Spots upon
them, and the edges alfo fometimes, with like pur-
plifh Thrums in the middle as the other have. It
has been obferved, that none of the kinds of Crow-
feet with thefe kernelly Roots , ever bear fo good
Seed, which being form, will fpring up and grow in
England fo that with us they can only be propagated
from their Roots , by a careful and skilful looking
after.

XVI. The thirteenth , or Double red Afian Crow-
foot, has a Root fo like to the Single red kind, at
fe£L 1 2. above, that none can perceive any difference
between them, fo alfo it is the fame in its Stalk and
Leaves , that the difference or kinds are not to be
known till the Buds of the blowers do appear, which
after it is any thing forward, may be perceived to be
greater and fuller than the Buds of the fingle kind.
'This double fort bears rnoft commonly but one fair
large double blower on the topis of the Stalks, compo-
fcd of many Leaves fet clofe together in three or four
rows , of an admirable Crimfon color, declining to
Scarlet, the outer Leaves being larger than the in-

and inftcad of Thrums, it has many fmall
Leaves fet together. It has alfo fix fmall, narrow,
green Leaves on the back-Jide of the blower, where
the boot-folk is joined to it.

XVII. The fourteenth, or Double buttoned red
Afian Crowfoot, has Roots, Stalks, Leaves and
blowers fo like the former, that before the time of
flowering they are not to be diftinguifhed one from
another. The blower is of the fame Color and Du-
plicity, but herein they differ, that this has another
double blower growing upon a Foct-ftalk fining out of
the middle of the firjl blower, of the fame color, but
much fma/ler, which Gerald thinks does happen by
reafon of the Strength of the Root, and Good-nefs of
the Soil where it is planted. It is a noble blower ,
and of great Excellency.

XVIII. The jijteenih, or Greater Columbine-leav’d
Crowfoot, has a Root made of a tufft of white Fibres

Chap, 176. Englifh ‘Herbs* 251

or Strings , very bitter , and creeps here and the re ,
putting up new Shoots. The Leaves of this Crow-
foot have long Stalks , And are very like unto the
f mailer Leaves of Columbines, or the Great Spanifh
ThaliHrum , or Meadow-Rue, which has Leaves
very like unto Columbine Leaves , four or Jive f eve-
s'al ones rifing from the Root. The Stalk grows up
to the height of about half a yard , fomething reddijh ,
and befet here and there with the like Leaves : at
the top Jiand feveral fmall white f lowers, confining
of five Leaves apiece , with fome pale white Threads
in the middle : the Seed is round and reddijh, and
contained in fmall Husks or Horns. This is t he A-
quilegia minor Dalefchampii, and Ranunculus pra:-
cox lecundus Thalietri folio Clufii.

XIX. The fixteenth , or Small Columbine-leav’d
Crowfoot, has a Root confifiing of three , four or
more , thick, fhort and roundifh or oval yellow Bulbs
or tuberous Produtlions from the main Root or Head,
like unto the Alphodil Root, from this Root fpring
forth three or four winged Leaves fpread upon the
Ground, funding upon long Stalks, and confifiing
of many fmall Leaves Jet together , fpreading from
the middle Rib, every Leaf fome what refembhng the
fmallefi and youngeji Leaves of Columbines. The
Flowers are white, Jianding at the tops of the Stalks,
made tf five round Leaves.

XX. The feventeenth, or Illyrian Crowfoot, has
a Root which confifis of a Bunch of fmall oval tube-
rous Roots or Grains , growing clofe together, with
fome Fibres adjoining , not much unlike to tbofe of
Pilewort : from whence fpring forth ( upon long
Foot-fialks) three, four or more narrow greyifh green
Leaves, divided into four, five or more long fender
parts , of a Silver-white Jhining color underneath,
and covered with a certain Downinefs. The Stalks
are firm and round, but fmall, a foot high or more,
having fome fuch-like Leaves thereon about the mid-
dle, and fpreading into three or four Branches , every
top bearing a fmall Jhining pale yellow Flower, con-
fifiing of Jive Leaves, and fometimes two together
upon a Stalk. There is a greater kind of this Plant,
like to it in all ref pells, but only that the. Leaves,
Stalk and Flowers are greater and larger the Leaves
broader and greener on the upper fide, and not fully
of fo Silver a white color underneath : the Flowers
are of a fair deep yellow color, and greater than the
former •, but the Root has not fo many fmall Grains
of Kernels fet together , from whence white Strings
Jhoot forth, by which it is nourifhed and encrea-
fed.

XXI. The eighteenth , or Plantane-leav’d Crow-
foot, has a Root compofed of many white Strings or
Fibres , proceeding from a Head which is fomewhat
hairy , and abides many Tears •, the Leaves wholly
perifhing in the end of Summer, and fpringing again
in March : from this Root rife up three or four
Leaves fet on pretty long Foot-fialks , being fomewhat
long and broad, like unto Plantane Leaves, with
Ribs therein, but more pointed at the ends, not di-
vided or dented about the edges, but fmooth and plain,
with fome Veins running thro 5 the length of them,
and pointed at the ends, of a whitifh grey green co-
lor, circled as it were with a white Down. The
Stalk is firm, round and green, about half a yard
high, bearing two or three longer Leaves , broad at
the bottom, and encompaffing the Stalk , which divides
it felf at the top into two or three fmall Branches ,
having every one of them a fmall long Leaf at the
foot thereof , and a reafonable latge Flower at the
Head, ( without any Smell ) confifiing of five white
round-pointed Leaves, with many yellowifh Threads
in the middle, which growing ripe, hoe many Seeds
fet together , like to divers other kinds of Crow-
foot.

XXII. The Places. The Names ol molt of thele
Plants (hew w-hence they originally came ^ howe-
ver, by Tranfplantarion, they are now Natives of
our own Land , being all of them found in fome
one or other ol our FlorijVs Gardens , where they
fiouriffi admirably well.

XXIII. The Times. The Broad-leaved Candy
Crowfoot flower more early, viz. in March or April':
the others flower from April to the end of June •,
and the Seed is ripe in July and Augufi.

XXIV. The Qualities. The hot, biting and ex-
ulcerating kinds, ( which are thofe only whofe Vir-
tues we.defign to give you in this place) are hot
and dry in the fourth Degiee and exulcerating.

XXV. The Specification. They are peculiar for
curing the Scrophula or Kings-Evil.

XXVI. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, I. A liquid Juice of the Roots or Leaves. 2.
An Effence. %. A Pouder of the Roots, Flowers or
Leaves. 4. A Cataplafm of the fame. 5. A Deco-
ttion. 6. An Ointment. 7. A difi tiled Water.
Some are for ufing the Roots only , fome for thd
Flowers, fome for the Leaves, but they may be all
taken and ufed promifeuoufly, according to the In-
tentions -, but none of them to be ufed inwardly,
being but little better than Poyfon, by reafon of their
exulcerating Property ^ more efpecially the Illyrian
Crowfoot, which fome call Apium Sylvejire, and
fome Apium Rif us , but is not the true Apium Rif us,
of which we fpeak in its proper place. But as to
this Ulyrian or Laughing Crowfoot, if it is taken in-
wardly, it is faid to caufe the Perfon to fee divers
Ifrange Sights, and to kill them Laughing : with-
out doubt, it hurts the SenfeS and Underftanding,
and rather caufes Cramps, Convulfions, and Wring-
ings or Drawings of the Mouth and Jaws awry,
feeming to the Standers by as if the Patient Laugh-
ed, and dying in this Condition, to dye Laughing,
whereas it was no Laughing, nor was the Party in
any Condition to Laugh, but rather it was a violent
Convulfion of the Nerves, caufing the Man or Wo-
man to die with great Torment.

The Virtues.

XXVII. The liquid Juice. It is fhatp and biting,
good to bath gently rhofe Parts of the Skin which
are affefted with Scurff, Morphew, Leprofie, Frec-
kles, Spots, Yellownefs, Roughnefs, &c. The Skin
is firft to be wafhed with warm Water very well
to. loofen and open the Pores thereof ^ then being
wiped dry, to be immediately bathed with this
juice, which is to be done twice a day. It is good
alfo to dry away Scabs and Itch.

XXVIII. The Effence. It is powerful to' all the
Intentions aforefaid, but more drying. It is good
to wafte away and confume Warts, Corns, hard
Scabs of the Skin, Ruggednefs of the Nails, and 0*
ther like Deformities of the Cutis. The Head be-
ing walhed with it, it kills Worms dt the Roots of
the Hair, which eat the fame and caufe it to fall
off. Neither Juice nor Effence, by reafon of their
Violence, are ever ufed inwardly.

XXIX. The Pouder. It is cleanfing and drying,
and is good to be ftr^wed into old, running and pu-
trid Sores, and Ulcers which have Worms in them.
Snufft up the Noltrils, it purges the Head and Brain
by Sneezing.

XXX. The Cataplafm. Laid to the Wr ills of the
Hands, it is faid to drive away Agues, efpecially if
a little Bay Salt is alfo mixed with it. Jf it is
made of the Root of the Bulbous or Tuberous kind,
the Germans, as Camerarius fays, apply it to Plague
Sores and Peftilential Bubo’s, to induce Maturati-
on : and it is not unlike, for it will fuppurate and

K k 2 break:

252 Salmons

Herbal. Lib. 1.

break ocher Apoitems or Tumors, being wifely ap-
plied. Tragus lays, That a bit of this Tuberous
Root put to Teeth which do ake, or into an hollow
Tooth* takes away the Pain ^ but Authors alfo fay.
That many times it breaks thole which are hollow,
or caufes them to fall out. This Cataplafm ( or the
Ample Root) being applied to the Finger of one
troubled with the Tooth-ach, eafes the Pain, which
it does by Attraction, and thereby caufes a Pain in
the Part to which it is applied. Applied to a foul
Ulcer, it will cleanfe it, and take away all the fil-
thy and corrupt Matter therein, leaving the Sore
fair, and eafily to be healed with other Vulneraries;
but the Cataplafm is not to lye too long upon the
Sore, by reafon of its Violence. Applied to Scro-
pliulous Tumors or Kernels in the Neck, or under
the Ears, called the Kings-Evil, it breaks them, and
caufes them to walfe away. Authors fay, That ap-
plied to Hemorrhoids or Piles which fwell and bleed
not, it helps to difcufs or take them away ^ but
that ft is in no wife to be applied to thofe which are
open and bleed. Applied to a Leuce or lpotted Le-
prolie, it kills the virulent Humor, and clears the
Skin.

XXXI. The DccoSlion. Ir has the Virtues of the
liquid Juice and Effence, but not full out io effica-
cious. It cures Scabs and Itch , they being often
walked therewith ; and is good to take away Tan-
nings, Sun-burnings, Freckles, Lentils, Yellownefs
of the Skin, Scurff, Morphew, Efc. It is good al-
fo to hinder the falling of the Hair, the Head being
walked therewith warm and then afterwards to be-
waflied again with warm Water.

XXXII. The Ointment. It has all the Virtues of
the Cataplafm, being anointed upon the Parts affe-
£ted. The Cataplafm may alfo be made therewith,
inftead of Hogs-Lard , by which means it will be
yet fo much the more effectual.

XXXIII. The difiilled Water of the whole Riant ,
whillt it is in flower, is fafe to all the Purpofes a-
forefaid ^ and, as fome fay, is given with good Sue-
cefs inwardly , with Species Lithontribon , to pro-
voke Urine when it is ftopt, and to break the Stone :
and being ufed as a Walh, it takes away molt of
the ufual Deformities of the Skin.

XXXIV. An Obfervation. Tho’ all thefe Prepa-
rations and Virtues aforegoing, are applicable to all
the hot, biting and exulcerating Crowfeet promif
coufly, whether of the Land or Water, and that
probably they may all do the fame things ^ yet they
are generally and for the molt part predicated ( ex-
cept in the Cafes where any particular one of them
is named ) of the molt Common and Meadow Crow-
foot.

XXXV. Obferv. 1. That the Sweet Crowfoot ,
or that which has no lharp or biting Tafte, is held
to be harmlefs, for the Germans , as Tragus fays, do
eat it familiarly among other Herbs. Tragus alfo
fays, That even this l'weet kind will difcufs and dif-
folve hard Tumors in any Part of the Body, being
applied.

CHAP. CLXXVII.

Of CROWN-IMPERIAL.

I np H E Names. It has no Greek Name that we
J know of : the Turks call it Tufai, Toufai,
Tufchai , Turf an? and Turfandi : in Latin, Corona
Imperuhs , Li Hum Byzantinum ■, Clufius will

have it to be the Hemerocallis ot Dwfcondes : in
Englijh , Crown Imperial.

II. The Kinds. It is of the Stock or Kindred of
Lillies -, and among the wonderful Variety of Lillies
known at this day, of which fome are White, fome
Orange Tawny, lbme Red, fome Yellow, lome
Blulh, fome Purple, lbme Spotted, others without
Spots ^ fome Handing upright, others turning down-
wards, Efc. This Crown Imperial, for its excelling
Beauty and Statelinefs, exaCts the firff place among
them. Some have called it Lilium Rerficum , but
there is another which is more ufually called by
that Name, as lhall be fhewed hereafter * and there-
fore we rather chufe to call it Corona. Imperialis ,
the Crown Imperial, than by any other Name, for
that this Name is now alfo more generally received.
It is a lingular Plant of the kind, yet fome will have
it, that there is a Jingle and a double fort : but the
Truth is, that as the Plant grows old, fo does it
grow rich, bringing forth a Crown of Flowers a-
mong the uppermolt green Leaves, which is, their
double kind, altho’ indeed they are but one and the
felf-fame Plant, which in time is thought to grow
to a Triple Crown ail which is but accidental, and
happens by the Age of the Root, and Fertility of
the Soil.

III. The Defcription. It has a thick, firm and
[olid bulbous Root, covered with ayellowifh Film or
Skin, compofed of fewer, but much thicker Scales
than any other Lilly, except the Perlian, and does
grow fometimes to be as great as a pretty big Childs
Head, and fomewhat flat withal, from the fides
whereof, and not from the bottom, it fhoots forth
long thick Fibres, which perifh every Tear, having a
hole in the midji thereof at the end of the Fear,
when the old Stalk is dry and withered, and out of the
which a new Stalk does Jpring again ( from a Bud or
Head to be feen within the Hollo wnefs on the one
fide) the following Tear : the Stalk then filling up the

Hollownejs,

Chap,

J77 ■

Herb,

'S.

2

Hollow nefs , dnd thus /[ringing up , rifes up to be
three or four feet high, being greet, round, end of a
purplifh color at the bottom , but green above , befet
from thence to the middle thereof, with many long
and broad green Leaves, very like to the Leaves of
our Common white Lilly, but Something fltorter and
narrower, confit/edly without Order, and from the
middle upwards it is bare or naked without Leaves
for a certain /pace -, and then it bears four, fix or
ten flowers, more or lefs, according to the Age of
the Root, and the fertility of the Earth where it
grows. The Buds at the fir ft appearing are wbitijh
ft ending upright among a Bufi) or Tuft of green
Leaves, [mailer than thofe be lorn, and ft abiding above
the flowers ; after a while they turn themfelves, and
hang downwards, every one upon its own f 'oot-ftalk
round about the great Stem or Stalk, fometimes of an
even depth, and fometimes again one lower or higher
than another, which flowers are almoft in form like
to thofe of an ordinary Lilly, but Jomewhat leffer and
clofer, confifttng of fix Leaves , of an Orange color
ftrtped with purplifh Lines and Veins , which add a
great Grace and Beauty to the flowers. At the bot-
t am of the flowers next unto the Stalk, every Leaf
thereof hat on the outfide a certain Bunch or Emi-
nence flicking forth, of a dark purplifh color ; and
on the in fide there lies in thofe hollow bunched places
cert am clear drops of Water, like unto Pearls, of eve-
ry f west Tafte, almoft like to Sugar or Honey. In
the midft of each flower is a long white Stile or
Point el, forked or divided at the end ; and fix white
Chives tipt with yellowifh Pendents, Jlanding clofe
about it : after the f lowers are paft, fix-fyuare Seed-
Veffels appear, jlanding upright , winged as it were
or welted on the edges, yet Jeeming but three fquare’
becaufe each couple of thofe welted edges are joined
clofer together. In thefe Pods or Veffels are contain-
ed broad, flat and thin Seeds , of a pale brownifh co-
lor, like unto other Lillies, but much greater and
thicker alfo. The Stalk of this Plant does fometimes
grow flat, two, three or jour fingers broad, and then
bears many more f lowers , but then generally they are
f mailer than when it bears roundStalks. Sometimes
it happens that the Stalk is divided at the top carry-
ing two or three Tufts of green Leaves, without any
flowers on them : and fometimes likew fe it bears
two or three Heads or Crowns of flowers (as we have
before hinted at fe& 2. above) upon one Stalk ; this
is not often feen, but when it happens, it is meerly
accidental. The whole Plant, and every part there-
of, Roots, Leaves and flowers do f me ll fame what
Jl rang much like to the Scent of a Fox s which if a-
ny do but come near it, they cannot chufe but fmell

IV- fF* Places. This Plant was firft brought
from Conftantmople into our Country among other
bulbous Roots, and being made Denizons in our
Gardens, they are now become Natives of our
Land, where they thrive admirably well.

V. The Times. They flower in April, and Lome-
times in March, if the Weather is mild ; and the
Heads with Seed are ripe in the end of May and in
June. It is quick in its Growth, but it fprings not
out of the Ground till the end of February or be-
ginning of March.

VI. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations , Vir-
tues and XJfes, are the fame with thofe of the White
and Orange-tawny Lilly , treated of in fome of the
following Chapters, to which you are referred.

VII. Obferv. 1. To obtain the true color of the
flowers of tins noble Plant .- Take Sap-berries, and
lay them in lteep in a proportional quantity of fair
VVater for two hours, and mix a little Saffron in
that lntuhon, and it will give the perfect color, to
iimne or illumine the Flower withal.

53

..5 R, - A> in r,!t bottom of each of
thefe Bells, there is placed fix drops of molt pure
clear ft, rang Water, ftfeet in Talte, like to Sugar,
refemblmg in Shew fair Oriental Pearls ; thefe drops
it you take them away, new and frefh drops Will

arsvaa “as at *r

CHAP. CLXXVIII.

Of CUCUMBER Garden.

LT Hcfrf‘,"’es- Ic !s called in Arabick, Olathe
, r b CheffJ: Greek, : in La-

tin, Luctmis V Lucumer Sativm .- in Enghlh, Gar-
den Lucumber.

II. The Kinds. Of thefe we make four feveral
torts, viz. I . Cucumis vel Cucumer vulgaris The
Common Garden Cucumber. 2. Cucumis Angmuut,
The long Snake-like or Serpentine Cucumber. 0.
kucumis vel Cucumer Pyfiformis, Pear-faftioned Cu-
cumber. 4. L ucumis vel Cucumer Hifpanicus, The
Spantjh Cucumber.

<ya rd on- (ucum&ers

III. The Descriptions. The firft has aRoot which
is long and white, with divers fibres adjoining to it
from whence fpnng forth many trailing roueh preen
Branches, lying on the Ground ; all along whereof
gtom feveral Leaves, which are rough, broad une-
venat the edges, and pointed at the ends, with long
crooked twijiing Tendrels or Clafpers, coming fcih
at the fame Joint with the Leaf, but on the other fide
thereof. Between the Stalks and the Leaves , at ire
Joints come forth flowers fcverally , each jlanding
on a Jhort Foot-ftalk, opening h Jelf into five Leaves
oj a yellowifh color ; at the bottom of which gr id

Salmon’ s Herbal . Lib, L

the trail., long , and green at firft ; te when it ts
through ripe, a little ye/lowijh, having many Fur-
rows and uneven Bunehings out the whole length of
it with long yellmnjb white Hat Seed , lying differ -
/«/ ;•/! Rb/jV/m 41 tt tsm?, and very regularly thro
us whole Subft ante. The inward Pulp or Subft ance
is clear or through thining , which together with the
Seed is eaten a little before they be fully ripe : of
this Cucumber there is the fhorter, which is of an
equal bigne/s in the body thereof ; and the longer, of
an unequal bignefs at both ends ; and a very long
one which is near <i foot in length : the) e is aljo the
early kind , called the French kind, which are the
worftof all-, and the Dantisk kind, which bears but
j'niall print, growing on Jhort Branches or Runners ,
of which kind the Cucumbeis we ufually Tickle

jre\Si. The fecond , or Long Serpentine Cucumber,
has a Root much like the former , having long trailing
Branches Tendre/s and Leaves , ( tho' leffer ) much
like the 'former . The Fruit , fays Gerard, it very
long (and Jomething twining , like a Serpent or
Snake) which (fays he) were at firft made by Art
and Manuring , and were afterwards fo brought forth
by Nature : for at firft , when the Fruit was fmall
ami little , it was pul into fame hollow Cane , or other
like thing made of purpofe , in which the Cucumber
did grow, and that in length according as the Cafe it
was cnclcfed in would permit it. It grew long by
reafon of the narrow Hollownefs in which it was en-
clofed, which being JH/ed up, it encreafed in length.
The Seeds of this kind of Cucumber being fown ,
bring forth not Jiich as it were before this Application
of Art ; but fitch as thefe are which Art has framed,
which now of their own Growth are long, and often-
times very crookedly turned whence came the Name
Anguini, or Long Cucumbers.

V. The third, or Pear-like falhioned Cucumber,
has a fibrous or thready Root, from whence come ma-
ny trailing Branches , lying flat upon the Ground ,
rough and prickly ; whereon do Jiand at each Joint ,
one rough Leaf. , fliarp-poinled , and of an over-worn
green color : among which come forth clafpmg T en-
drels, and alfo ] lender Foot-ftalks, on which do grow
yellow Star-like Flowers : the Fruit is at firft green
and longifh , which coming to its bignefs, forms it f elf
much tike to a Pear, greenifh on one fide, and of a
whitifh green on the other, and ts much about the
largenefs of a great Warden : the Seed is long, flat
and whitifh, like the other.

VI. The fourth , or Spanilh kind, ( which were
brought out cf Spain firft to Strasburgh, and from
thence to us ) is a rare and beautiful Cucumber : it
blit a fibrous Root, from whence come forth rough
and hairy trailing Branches, fet with very large
rough Leaves, Jharp-pointed , in Form like unto the
Leaves of the great Bur-dock, but more cut in or
divided : among which at the Joints come forth up-
on tender Foot-ftalks, fair, naked yellow Flowers -,
the which being paft, the Fruit comes in its place a
foot in length , green on the fide towards the Ground,
and yellow1 fh on the Sunny part, ft raked with many
Spots and Lines of divers colors, whofe Pulp or Meat
is hard and faft, like that of our Melon or Pom-
pion.

VII. The Places. Thefe Cucumbers all grow rn
Gardens, not only in England, but in molt parts of
the World, efpecially in all the more Southern
Countries, where the Heat of the Sun makes them
to grow and fiourilh admirably well.

VIII. The Times. They are planted in April,
and thev are fit for eating in June , July and Au-
guft . and the Seed is fully ripe about the latter end
of September.

IX. An Observation about Planting then. About

the middle of April, or lomething looner, ( it the
Weather is warm ) you mull make a Bed or Bank
of hot and new Horle-dung, taken from the Stable*
and not from the Dung hill, of an Ell in breadth,
and two feet and half in depth, but oi what length
you pleafe, accordingly as it may hold the quantity
or numbers of the Seed you intend to ule : this Bank
you lhall cover with Hoops or long Bender Sticks,
fo bent and bowed, that you may cover the whole
Bank or Bed with Mats or fome other warm Co-
vering, Straw, or the like, to keep it from the In-
jury of cold trolly Nights, that the Seeds which
are planted ot fown, may not be nipt : then lhall
you cover your Bed over with the bell and fatteft
Earth, finely lifted thro1 a Wire Sieve, that it may
be half a foot thick, in which you lhall fet or fow
your Seed : this being done, call your Straw or o-
ther Coverture .over the fame, and fo let it left
without looking upon it, ot taking away of your
Covering, for the fpace of feven or eight days at
mod -, tor commonly in that fpace ot time they
thruft themfelves thro1 the Earth. Then mult you
call upon them, in the hotteft time ol the day, fome
Water which has ltood in the Houle or the Sun a
day before, or Water of which the Cold is juft ta-
ken off; for otherwife, if the Water call upon them
is juft taken forth out of the Pump or Well, it will
fo cool and chill them , being brought forth and
nourilhed in fuch a hot place, that prefently, even
in one day, you will have kill'd all your Plants ;
your Plants will not only be kill’d, but your Bank
alfo will be chill’d and loofe its Heat.

X. Obferv. 2. This is alfo to be noted, That
the young Plants mull every day when the Sun
(hines warm, be opened and expofed to its Beams,
and at Evening every Night they mult be covered a-
gain ; this muft be done from time to time, tiU
the Plants have four or fix Leaves apiece, and that
the Danger of the cold Nights and nipping Seafon is
paft ; then they muft be replanted with a great deal
of Care, taking each Plant up with the Earth flick-
ing to its Root, and they muft be placed as near as
may be in the moll fruitful and fat Soil and in
that part of the Garden which is moll lheltred from
Cold and piercing Winds, and where the Sun Ihines
warmeft. Now, you muft alfo obferve. That upon
this Replantation, you mull cover them with fome
thin Mats or Wifps of Straw, propped up with
forked Sticks or fome fuch-like thing ; and this
thing is to be done every Night, to keep them from
the Cold of the Night, and fometimes in the Day-
time, to keep them Horn the too great Heat of the
Sun ; otherwife, tho’ you have brought your Work
thus far on, all your Labor may be loft : for they
cannot, whilll they be young and newly planted,
endure either over-much Cold or over-much Heat,
till they be well rooted and fixed in this their new
Habitation.

XI. Obferv. 3. Sometimes it falls out that fome
Seeds are more forward than the reft, and therefore
do commonly rife up very nakedly, with long
Necks, not much unlike to the Stalk of a fmall
Mujhroom of a Night old. This naked Stalk you
muft cover with the like fine Earth, even up to the
green Leaves : you muft alfo have that regard to
your hot Bank, fo to place it, that by its Situation
it may be defended from the North, North-Eaft and
Eaft Winds. If thefe InUruftions be carefully ob-
ferved, you never will have caufe to complain that
your Seeds were not good, nor your Clime too cold
or intemperate, by reafon of which you lhould be
frufttated in having of Fruit ; but if your Seed is
hard, plump, firm and good, it will certainly prove
fruitful, tho’ in the moll Northern pans of Scot-

Chap. 178. 'Engtijb 'Herbs.

255

XII. The Qualities. They are all cold and moill
in the fecond Degree : Aperitive, Diuretick, Stoma-
tick, Alterative, and highly Antifcorbutick.

XIII. The Specification. It cures the Scurvy, and
prevails againft Heat of Urine.

XIV. The Trepanations. You may have there-
from, 1. A liquid. Juice of the f ruit. 2. An Efi-

fience of the fame. 3. The green fruit 4. P ott age.
5. A Lot ion orWaJh 6. A difii/led Water 7. The
Seed. 8. Pickled Cucumbers. 9. Tickled after the
Mango fafhion.

The Virtues.

XV. The liquid Juice. It is exprelfed from the
Cucumber , either ripe, or almoft ripe, or unripe, as
they are molt ftt to be eaten. It opens, is cool and
cleanfing, provokes Urine, and opens the Obftru&i-
ons of the Breft, Lungs, Liver and Reins, and takes
away Inflammations of thofe Parts. It helps Heat,
Sharpnefs and Scalding of Urine. Dofe from 1 to
3 ounces twice a day. Outwardly applied, it makes
the Skin fmooth and fair : and being taken for fome
confiderable time, it perfectly cures the Scurvy in a
hot Habit of Body.

XVI. The Ejfence. It has all the Virtues of the
former, but not full out fo cold for which Reafon
this may be taken by it felf, from 1 to 3 ounces or
more j whereas the other ought to be taken mixed
with Ale or White Port Wine. It is an excellent
Stomatick , very much pleafing and gratifying the
Vifcera, if inflamed or over-heated.

XVII. The green or unripe fruit. It is firft pa-
red, then fliced thin •, alter which it is feafoned
with Pepper, Salt, Vinegar and Oil, an Onion or
two being alfo thin fliced and fhred, and put there-
to. It is grateful to the Stomach above all other
Sallets ; it cools the Heat thereof, as alfo the In-
flammation of the Lungs and other Vifcera. It
cures the Scurvy in a cold Habit of Body , nor is
there a greater Antifcorbutick in the World, and
may be freely eaten two or three times a day, and
in large quantities too, without any danger or hurt
to the Stomach and Bowels, tho’ fome ignorant Peo-
ple may affirm the contrary. God and Nature has
replenilhed all the hot Regions and Countries of the
World with them in a very ample manner * and it
is my Opinion, that they are a great means of the
Prefervation of Life in all thofe fultry hot Parts of
the Earth , and a Angular Preventive of Difeafes,
efpecially of all fuch as proceed from Inflammation,
violent Heat and Fevers, of what kind foever. It
was not without fome Reafon that the Children of
lfirael lulled after them in the Wildernefs : Numb.
11. 5. We remember (faid they) the fijh which we
did eat in iEgypt freely , the Cucumbers , and the
Melons , and the Leeks , and the Onions, and the Gar-
lick. And by this it appears alfo, that JEgypt was
very well ftored with them.

XVIII. The Pottage. Take the Fruit, cut it in
pieces, and chop it as Herbs to the Pot, and flew
the fame in a fmall Pipkin (or Stew-pan) with a
iece of Mutton, (Beef, Veal, Lamb, or other
lefh,) adding in the Hewing fine Flower of Oat-
Meal, to give it the Confiftence of Pottage : Ge-
rard. This may be made favory with a little Salt,
and if you fopleafe you may alfo add to it the juice
t)f an Orange, to make it grateful, of which you
may eat from half a pint to a pint, or a good Por-
ringer full every Morning to Breakfaft, as much at
Dinner , and the fame again at Supper. Eaten in
this manner for the fpace of three Weeks together,
without Intermiflion, it will perfectly cure all man-
ner of fait Putties, and copper or red Faces, red
and fiery fhining Nofes, (tho’ as red as red Rofes)

tho’ the Skin is filled with Pimples, Rubies, Scurtti
Morphew, Herpes, Tettars, Ringworms, and other
like Breakings out.

^ XIX. The Lotion or Wafli. Pi ftrong WbiteWint
Vinegar a quart , Juice of Cucumbers a pint , Or rice*
Root in fine flower or pouder, flowers of Sulphur, or
Sulphur in fine pouder of each an ounce : Camphir in
fine pouder half an ounce, beaten with four blanched
Almonds • Juice of eight fiowreLimons, eight Oak-apples
cut thro the middle : put all thefe into a firong double
Glafs,(hake them together very firongly, and Jet it in
the Sun or an equivalent Sand heat for 1 2 or 14 days.
This does not only help red and fiery Faces, but alio
takes away Pimples, Rubies, Freckles, Lentils, yel-
low Spots, Scurft*, Morphew, Herpes, Tettars, Ring-
worms, Tanning, Sun-burning, and all other Defor-
mities of the Face and Skin. The Face or Skill
ought firft to be waffled pure and clean with fair
warm Water, to open the Pores thereof, and then
to be dried with a Cloth * and then as foon as that
is done, this Wafli is to be ufed and laid on, and
fo to be fuffered to dry in of it felf, without wi-
ping away. It is to be ufed Morning and Night,
and always during the whole time of eating the a-
bove preferibed Pottage.

XX. The difiilled Water. It is good to cool the
hot Diftemper of the Liver and Blood, to quench
thirft, cool the Heat of Fevers, and take away the
Drynefs and Roughnefs of the Tongue. It is good
againft the Heat of the Reins, as alio the Sharpnefs,
Scalding and Stoppage of Urine. Outwardly ufed,
it cools Inflammations, helps Blood-fliot and Red-
nefs of the Eyes, clears, cools and fmooths the Skin,
and is good againft moft Deformities thereof, being
often applied thereto.

XXI. The Seed made into an Emulfion with the
difiilled Water. It wonderfully cools the Heat of
the Reins, and takes away the Scalding and Sharp-
nefs of Urine -, and that Pain which is caufed by
the Application of Cantharides in Ep if pa flicks , or
Bliftring-plafters, which fometimes, by their lying
on too long, caufe pitting of Blood, and almoft the
greateft Extremity ^ thefe ill Accidents this Medi-
cine fuddenly and eafily cures, (Sfc.

XXII. Tickled Cucumbers. There are various
ways of pickling Cucumbers , which we have taught
in our Dor on Medicum lib. 2. cap. 19. fcdf. 14, 1 5.
and other ways in fome other of our Books ; but
this following is beft. Take a thoufand Englifh Cu -
cumbers , wipe them very clean with a dry Cloth,
and lay them in a Stone Pot or jar, with fennel and
Dill, and Cloves of Gar lick, lay upon lay : upon
which put boiling hot this Pickle. Take the beft
White Wine Vinegar four Gallons ^ fait Brine (made
fo ftrong as it may bear an Egg ) fix quarts •, choice
Brandy or Sugar Spirits three quarts ^ white Pepper
bruifed three ounces ; Cloves flit, Mace , of each
half an ounce : having flood a day, Hop them clofe
up •, and they will be fit to eat in about a Weeks
time. After three Weeks or a Month draw oft or
decant the Pickle, which boil, feum and put to the
Cucumbers again, and fo keep them for ufe. This
is the ufual Method. But Experience has told me,
1. That there is no need of drawing oft, and boil-
ing the Pickle at all, for the Brandy or Sugar Spi-
rits are a lufficient Prefervarive of it. 2. That the
firft adding of the Brandy or Spirits ought to be aft-
ter the boiling of the Pickle, when you are juft a
going to put it upon the Cucumbers. Thefe pickled
Cucumbers excellently llrengthen the Stomach, lc-
lift the Scurvy, and caufe a good Appetite.

XXIII. Tickled Cucumbers after the Mango fa*
fhion. lake Cucumbers which are pretty large, but
fuch as ate very hard and green -, wipe them clean,
flit them on one fide, and take out all the Seeds and

middle

2 5 6 Salmon s

middle Pulp ^ and put in, in the place theieof, three
or tour or more Cloves of Garlicky a llice of Gin-
ger, and half a dozen or more of Pepper Corns, on-
ly crackt into three or four pieces which done,
tve them up with a Thread : then take the belt
White Wine Vinegar as much as will cover them,
adding what Salt you think fit, with Pepper , Gin-
ger, Gloves and Alice ■, make this Pickle juft boil,
and put it upon your Cucumbers boiling hot : repeat
the boiling the next day, and pour it on hot as be-
fore. After this take a well glazed Stone Pot, in-
to which put your Cucumbers , laying them fmooth
and well one by one, and then having put to every
gallon of Pickle a pint of pure Lime Juice, not a-
dulterated, put it upon the Cucumbers, which cover,
and let them ftand over a moderate Fire till the Li-
quor is fcaldinghor, taking care that it may not boil :
when you fee the Cucumbers green enough , take
them out and put them into a Stone Jar, placing
them one by one very fmooth and well : this done,
when the Pickle is cold, you may add to it to every
gallon thereof, .a quart of Brandy or Spirit of Wine,
and half a pint of whole Muftard Seed tyed uploofe
in a Rag. Note, Some, in making of the Pickle,
take pure White Wine Vinegar, to a gallon of
which they add Lime Juice a quart, fait Brine ftrong
enough to bear up an Egg three pints or better, not
putting in any other Salt : with this they proceed
as before is dire&ed ^ and at the laft add the afore-
faid proportion of Spirit of Wine, which makes an
abfolute and Angular Pickle, and fo good, as will
keep your Cucumbers all the Year round. Thele are
more Stomatick than the former, more grateful to
the Pallate, caufe a good Appetite, refill the Scur-
vy, and have all the good Properties of the former,
with many other Advantages.

CHAP. CLXX1X.

Of CUCUMBER Wild.

I. nr' 11 E Karnes. It is called in Greek ,

J- £yei@- • in Latin , Cucumis Gf Cucumer agre-
Jlis , and in the Shops, Afininus ■, Cucumis Sylvejjris
filial thioli , Tragi , Dodonxi •, alio by fome, Noli me
tangere , ( becaufe of the fpirting of them, if rudely
handled, when ripe : ) in Eng/ijh , Wild Cucumber ,
Spirting Cucumber , and Touch me not.

II. The Kinds. It is a Species of Cucumbers ,
the Wild fort, but a Angular Plant of the kind.

III. The Inf pi (fate Juice , is the Juice of the
Fruit, or rather a Pcecula thereof, which being dry-
ed, is called almoft in all places throughout Europe ,
Elaterium : Pliny , lib. 20. cap. i. The Greeks call
it alio, tKetrhetov ab iranva, Impeller e , jlimulare , injji-
gare , pungere -, which is as much as to fay, to im-
pel, Jiir up , or force violently , to purge vehemently ,
and therefore Elaterium efi me die ament urn vehe m en-
ter purgans. Gaza in his Tranflation of Theophra-
Jlus calls it, Agitatorium. ’Tis doubtlefs one of
the ftrongeft of all Purgers.

IV. The Defcription. It ha* a Root white and
firm , thicker and fi:orter than any other fort of
Gourd or Cucumber bat, having withal fome ad-
joining Fibres , very bitter , cut are all the other parts
of the Plant. From this Root fpring forth many
juicy , fat, hairy , rough trailing Branches , fpreading
them) elves over the Surface oj the Earth , like to o-
ther Cucumbers or Gourds, on which grow very rug-
ged, rough , hairy and ill- colored green Leaver, Jka/g-

Herbal. Lib. 1.

pointed , of an over-worn greyijh green , fomtthing
wbitijh underneath , little or nothing divided or patt-
ed at the edges. At the Joints between the Branches
and the Leaves fpring jorth fmall pale yellow blow-
ers, opening into five Leaves , at the end oj fmall
green Heads Jcr the mojl pa/ t, cu all other kinds of
Cucumbers, Gourds, c'c. do : but J'uch cu have
Flowers only, without fuel) Heads , quickly fall away ,
without Fruit, tor that green Head , cu in all ci-
thers, comes in time to be the Fruit , which is fmall
rough , long and round , and fome thing of a greyijh
green when they are ripe. The Foot-fialks upon
which the Cucumbers grow , are Jhort and rough ,
crooked withal , and bend the Fruit downwards , which
when they arc throughly ripe , with a very little touch ,
will quickly open at the end next the Stalk , and fpirt
out its Juice and fome of its Seed upon the Hands or
Faces , or other Parts of thofe who touched it. The
Seed when ripe is blackijh and fomething rugged ,
but other wife white , lying in a green moifi Subjiance,
which is very bitter and loathfome to the Tafie. The
Fruit when it is perfcQly ripe , f quirts forth its Wa-
ter with the Seeds , either oj its own accord , or being
touched , tho never fo gently • -and many times it
(Irikes fo hard , ef pecially ij it hits again jt the Face
or Eyes , that it will fmart for a pretty while ajter
but this Smarting anfes purely from the Acrimonious
Vitality oj the Juice. And jrom this voluntary Jpirt-
ing oj the Seed came the Name o/Noli me tangere.

V. The Places. In Italy, Spain and other hot
Countries, it is found among Rubbilh, Gravel, walte
and other untill’d places, where calling its Seed, it
multiplies it fel£ and eafily fprings up again j but
in the Low Countries, and thro’ moft parts of 'Eng-
land, it grows only in Gardens.

VI. The Times. The Root many times abides in
the Ground all the Winter, if it itands warm, and
the Ground is rich ^ but in cold Grounds-,* and
where it is not defended, it is apt to perilh every
Year : where the Root dies not, ic comes up in the
Spring •, but if it lprings from the Seed in April or
May, it flowers' in June and July ■, and the Fruit

is

Chap. 179. ‘Englijh Herbs.

■57

is ufually ripe in Auguft , at which time the Elate-
rium is alfo made of it.

VII. The Vitalities. The whole Plant is hot and
dry in the third Degree ; Aperitive, Abfterfive, bitter
in Tafte, and wafting away. Galen will have the
Juice to be hot but in thefecond Degree, cleanfing,
and of thin parts : it purges watry Humors, and is
certainly the belt Cathartick in the whole Repub-
lick of Medicine.

VIII. The Specification. Elaterium is a peculiar
Medicament for the Cure of Droplies.

IX. The Preparations. You may have herefrom,
J . A liquid Juice of the Leaves. 2. A liquid Juice
of the Root. 3. An Errhine of the Juice of the
Leaves or Root. 4. A liquid Juice of the Fruit. 5.
A Syrup of the Juice of the Roots or fruit. 6. An
Infufion cf the Root. 7. A Vinegar of the Root. 8.
A Decoffion of the Root. 9. A Ponder of the Root.
10. An EleAuary of the Root. 11. An Oil of the
Root. 12. A Cataplafm of the Root. ij. A Subfit-
tution of the Root. 14. A Cataplafm of the Leaves.
JJ. A Cataplafm of the Leaves with Goals-dung.
16. Elaterium Viride, Green Elaterium, or the In-
fpijfate Juice of the fruit. 17. Elaterium album
vel optimum, White Elaterium, or the Fcecula of
the Juice of the fruit. 18. The diftilled Water.

The Virtues.

X. The Liquid Juice of the Leaves. Dropped
into the Ears, it eafes them of the Pains and Noifes
therein, and very much prevails againft Deafnefs :
bathed upon the Skin, it takes away Freckles, Len-
tils, Difcolorings, yellow Spots, Scurff, Morphew,
Tettars, Ringworms, Herpes, and other Deformities
thereof, ufed Morning and Evening for fome time.

XI. The liquid Juice of the Root. It is good a-
gainft the Falling-ficknels and Kings-evil, put into
the Noltrils, and taken inwardly alfo ; and the Stru-
matick Swellings being daily Morning and Evening
bathed therewith; it provokes the Terms, but is not
to be given to Women with Child, becaufe it is apt
to deltroy the Fruit in the Womb. It purges vif-
cous and watry Humors, ijnd that ftrongly ; and
therefore it is ufed in Clyfters. It has alfo all the
Virtues of the Juice of the Leaves, as to external
Difaffeffions, if it is applied in like manner. Be-
ing taken from 2 to 4 drams in any convenient Ve-
hicle, it prevails againft the Dropfie and the yellow
Jaundice, and opens all Obftruaions of the Liver
and Spleen, powerfully evacuating Water.

XII. The Errhine made of the Juice of Leaves
or Roots. It is made by mixing j parts of the Juice
with 1 part of Water in which Nitre is diflblved.
Some make it by mixing the Juice 2 parts, with
Milk 1 part. Snuff up the Noltrils it cutes an Epi-
lepfy, as alfo an inveterate Megrim or Head-ach ;
for it wonderfully purges the Head and Brain from
Excrements, and cures a flunking Breath coming
from the Noltrils ; and is a prevalent Medicine
againft Lethargies, Carus, Sleepinels and Apo-
plexies.

XIII. The liquid Juice of the Fruit. It has all
the Virtues of the Juice of the Leaves and Roots,
and may be ufed in the fame manner to all thofe
Intentions * but it is much more powerful, as being
more Acrimonious, and therefore is to be ufed in a
fmaller Dofe. And an Errhine, may be alfo made of
it, as of the Juice of the Leaves or Roots, very be-
neficial and potent to all the fame Purpofes, being
much wronger than is Juice of Beets or J ?rint-
rofes.

XIV. The Syrup of the Juice of the Roots or Fruit.

** _ g00^ againft the Scurvy, Dropfie, Jaundice

and Gout, carrying oft all forts of putrid Humors,

chiefly Flegm and Water, by which it gives a ge-
neral Relief to the whole Bodv, and fo prevails
gamft Head-achs, Apoplexies', Epilepfies, Carus
Lethargy, Vertigo and Madnefs. It is good againft
Surfeits and Agues, and kills Worms in the Body.
The Dofe is from a fpoonful to 2, 3 or 4, in the
Morning faffing, mixed with a Glafs of warmPofi
let-drink or White-wine : if it is acuated with
choice Sena , it will be much more powerful and ef-
ficacious to all the Intentions and Purpofes before
enumerated.

XV. The Infufion of the Root. Take of the frefh
or green Root well bruited a pound put it into a
pint and half of ftrong White Port Wine, in which
let it infute for 24 hours or more. Dofe 3 ounces
for three or four days together, or until the Hydro-
pick Swelling is plainly difcerned to be very much
wafted and fallen. This is Diofcorides his Medicine
for curing the Dropfy ; which thing (fays he) it
doth, without any troubling of the Stomach.

XVI. The DecoAion of the Root. It may be made
in Wine or Water, or with a Mixture of both.
This being drunk (fays Mefue) helps the Dropfy,
for it wonderfully evacuates watry Humors, and
prevails againft the Yellow Jaundice, and all Ob.
ftruftions of both Liver and Spleen. This Decofti-
on gargled in the Mouth, and held therein for foms
time, gives prefent Eale in the Tooth-ach.

XVII. The Vinegar of the Root. If the Root is
infiifed or boiled in ftrong Vinegar, and that Vinegar
is bathed upon the Skin two or three times a day,
it is good to cure Tettars, Ringworms and a fimple
Herpe, as alfo to cure Scurff and Morphew, and to
cleanfe the Skin of all Difcolorings, as Yellowneft
Tawninefs, Freckles, Lentils, and other Spots 0}
that kind.

Ff Fonder of the Root. Snufft up the
Noltrils, it is a good Errhine to purge and cleanfe
the Head and Brain of cold moift and vifcous Hu.
mors, which caufe the Head-ach, Megrim, Vertigo
Lethargy, Apoplexy, Epilepfy, Palfy, &c. Dwfcort-
des fays, thar being applied to the Skin or Face it
cleanfes it from all Scurff; and takes away the Dif.
coloring of Scarrs. Inwardly taken, to a fcruple or
half a dram, mint with Cream of Tartar, it kills
Worms, purges the Bowels, and carrys off flirny
Humors. *

XIX. The EleAuary of the Root. It is made of

the Pouder mixt with Honey, Taken inwardly,
from a dram to two drams , according to Age and
Strength, in the Morning falling, it purges Flegm,
Choler and watry Humors, and abates the rebrili-
ous Ferment of the King’s-evil ; it cleanfes and
heals old Sores and Ulcers, being ufed Plaifter-wife
cleanfing them throughly, and wonderfully healing
them. Applied upon a Herpes, Tettar or Ring,
worm, or other like Breakings out, or put upon any
Deformity or Scar, does attenuate the Skin, attraft
forth the malign Juices, and heal thofe Breakings
out; taking away alfo Marks, Spots, Blacknefs and
Blewnefc coming upon the Skin and Flefh by Con-
tufions and Blows. '

XX. The Oil if the Root. It is made of the
bruifed Root or of its Juice, by Infolation, or boil-
mg in Oil Olive. Anointed often upon the Temples
it is faid to cure an inveterate Megrim, an Errhine
of the Juice, being fiiufft alfo up the Noftrils, A-
nointed well upon the Hip and Huckle-bone Morn-
ing and Evening, for half an hour together, it eafes
the Pain of the Sciatica, Cfc,

XXI. The Cataplafm of the Ropt. It may be made
either of the Root bruited, Efc. or of the luice of
the Root brought to a rhicknefs, with Pouder of
Elecampane-roots. Applied after anointing with ihe
former Oil, it gives great safe in the Gout and Sci-

I> 1‘ aticn j

■

jk

■ S

1

58

Salmon’ j1 'Herbal. Lib. 1.

atica ^ difcuffes Tumors arifing from Ample Con'
tufions, abforbs acid Humors lurking in the Skin
and Scarf-skin, and takes away Deformities there-
of, as Scurff, Morphew, Leprofy, Yellownefs, and
other Difcolorings of the Skin.

XXII. T be Substitution of the Root. Apotheca-
ries, fays Parkinfon , do molt ufually take the Root
of this Wild Cucumber, as a Subftitute for the Root
of Coloquintida or the bitter Gourd , that not being
lb frequent, or fo ealy to be had as this is.

XXIII. The Cataplafm of the Leaves. It has all
the Virtues of the Cataplalm of the Root, but not
full out 16 effectual, becaufe the Leaves have not the
fame Strength with the Root : yet, notwithstand-
ing, it is an excellent thing for the Purpofes intend-
ed,’exceeding many other things of like kind. It
cleanfes the Skin from Difcolorings and many other
Deformities.

XXIV. The Cataplafm of the Leaves with Goats-
Tung. If it is laid upon any hard Tumors, Swel-
lings or Kernels, fuch as are thofe of the Kings-
Evil, it refolves them •, and alfo eafes Pains of the
Gout in what part of the Body foever •, and refills
the Putrefaction of malign Ulcers.

XXV. Green Elaterium, or the Infpijfate Juice
0} the Cucumber. Take Wild Cucumbers almoft ripe,
open them on one fide, and take or lbueeze out their
thinner Juice and Seeds, which ffrain from the
Seeds, referving the Juice : then beat the reft of the
Cucumber grofsly in a Marble Mortar } put all into
a Bag, and in a Prefs force forth all the Juice ► put
this Juice to the former, which put into a Retort,
and in a gentle Sand-heat draw forth all the Water,
(which keep for a Cofmetick •, ) continue the fiid
gentle Heat till the Magma is perteftly dry’d ^
then break the Retort, take forth the Matter, and
keep it in a Jar-Glafs, tyed clofe over with a wet
Bladder, for Ufe. If you have no Retort, and care
not for keeping the Water, you may evaporate it to
drynefs over the fame gentle Sand-heat in an open
flat-bottomed Glafs, often ftirring it, ( to break the
Skum) that it may evaporate the better, which
then take and preferve in a Jar-Glafs, as before. It
has the Virtues of the following, but not full out
fo ftrong, and therefore may be given in double
Dole to it, viz. from 6 grains to 20 or 24, in any
convenient Vehicle. ’Tis, notwithftanding its being
weaker than the following, a moft noble Medica-
ment.

XXVI. Elaterium album. The white or common
Elaterium, which is indeed the ftrongeft and beft.
It is thus made : Take Wild Cucumbers almoft ripe,
open them with a Knife upwards, prefs out the
Juice gently with your fore Fingers, let it run thro5
a Sieve into a clean glaz’d Veflel, let it fettle, and
decant the clear Water into another Veflel : then
dry the Settlings in the Sun, and in a Jar-Glafs,
tyed clofe over with a Bladder, keep the Elaterium
for Ufe. See our Pharmacopeia Londinenfis , lib. 1 .
cap. 6. fefl. 33. If you pleafe, you may keep the
clear Water for Vnguentum Artanita. Some Au-
thors fay, that this Elaterium will keep two hun-
dred Years, and yet be of wonderful Virtue, Vix
Credo : others,- as Par ace If us , fay it retains its Vir-
tues well fifty Years, at which Age it will be fo a-
bundant in Humidity, that put to the Flame of a
Lamp or Candle, it will put it out : but Diofcorides
fays it is good from two Years old until ten, and
that that is the beft which being put to the Flame
of a Candle, will make it burn the more bright.
T heophraflus his Elaterium is green , ( which is, as
I fuppofe, the former Infpiflate Juice of the Cucum-
ber : ) Diofcorides his Elaterium is white, which is
the Pate ula of the Juice, as is taught in this Section,
and this is that which Mefue fays is the beft. The

green will continue moilt many \ ears, after it is e-
vaporated and dryed up hard, relenting or giving
with the Air, fo that it requires a long time to con-
fume its Humidity •, whereas the white fort being
once dryed, will remain white, hard and dry for a
great number of Years, unlefs it is left open in a
moift Air, or ftand in a moift place. This white
Elaterium works very well, being given from 1 to
? grains, in ltrong Bodies ^ Authors fay it may be
given to 10 grains. Park'tnfon fays, that half a
grain being put into a purging Medicine, to quicken
it, has oftentimes been feen to trouble the Stomach,
with very much difquiet, and vomiting, and working
alfo downwards with more Violence than it could be
thought that double the quantity could do. Diof-
corides fays the Dofe is from half an Obolus to a
whole Obolus. Now, the Obolus is 10 grains, or 12
at the moft, as fome take it ^ which (hews the large
Dofes which the Ancients gave of this Medicine,
which we dare fcarcely follow. It purges Choler
and Flegm from all parts of the Body, and drives
forth watry Humors to a Miracle, being an extraor-
dinary thing to open the Pipes of fuch as are Purfy
and (hort Winded ^ and is indeed a Specifick for
the Cure of the Dropfy, efpecially of that kind cal-
led Sarcites or Anafarca. When you give it for
Purging, it may be given mixt with Milk, or rather
Cream, becaufe the Un£tuofity thereof will not fuf-
fer it to ftick to the Tunicles of the Stomach, but
caufe it to purge off the more fpeedily. It you
would have it to Vomit, Diofcorides advifes to dif-
folve it in Water, and with a Feather dipt therein,
to touch the lower part of the Tongue, as low as
you can * but in my Opinion, it is much better to
take the whole Dofe down into the Stomach. It is
a prevalent thing againft the Megrim, Head-ach,
Carus, Lethargy, Vertigo, Apoplexy, Epilepfy, be-
ing ufed fometimes as an Errhine, diffolved in Wa-
ter or Milk •, and fometimes taken inwardly to both
Vomit and Purge. And thus taken, it is faid alfo
to cure the Kings-evil, the Parts affected being a-
nointed likewife with it outwardly. It provokes
the Courfes in Women where they have been long
ltopt, and very much prevails againft the Green-
ficknefs in Virgins. It is fo ftrong and forcible, that
it is faid to kill the Child in the Womb, fo that a
Woman Impregnated muft by all means avoid it ;
but this is more efpecially to be underftood, being
applied in a Peflary or Ointment to the Womb. It
cures the Gout in any Part, by its ftrong Cathartick
Faculty, carrying off the tartarous, vifeous or clam-
my Humors from the Joints, which breed it. The
common Dofe is a gr. i. ad v. and to very ftrong
Perfons a gr. iii. ad x. well correfted with Nutmeg,
Spicknard, Anifeeds, Liquorice-pouder, Cfc. It cures
Afthma’s, Jaundice, Scurvy and Hypochondriack
Melancholy. Mixed with Ox Gall and applied, it
helps the Quinfey and Gout, and clears the Skin of
Scurff, Morphew, Tettars, Ringworms, Mange, Itch,
Pulhes, Scabs, and other like Deformities.

XXVII. The dlt f illed Water from Roots or Pruit.
If to every quart of it you add an ounce of fine Ni-
tre, difjolving it over a gentle Heat • it becomes an
excellent Cofmetick to beautify and clear the Skin
of any Deformity, being two or three times a day
or oftner laid on, and fuffered to dry in, after it is
firft well cleanfed with fair warm Water. This
Walh is alfo an excellent thing againft an Eryfipelas
or Anthon/sfire, the Parts affebted being bathed
therewith , and' Cloths wet therein being laid on,
and fo fuffered to dry upon the Part. It abates In-
flammations, and being given inwardly, (well fweer-
ned with white Sugar) it cools and abates the moft
violent Heat of Fevers. Parts affefted with the
Gout, being well bathed therewith Morning and

Evening,

Chap. 180. UngHfh Herbs.

a e

59

Evening, (after due and fufficient Purging) are pre-
lently eafed of their Pains after a lingular manner.
Given inwardly from I ounce to 4, well fweetned
with white Sugar, it purges well by Urine, carries
off Water in Droplies, prevails againft the Scurvy
in a hot Conftitution, helps the Strangury, and ex-
pels Sand, Gravel, Slime, or any kind of Tartarous
Matter.

CHAP. CLXXX.

Of CUDWEED Common,

0 R„

COTTONWEED.

I- j ' H E -Karnes. It is called in Greek , :

JL in Latin , Gtiqpbalium, Centunculus , Cen-
tuncularts , Tom entum , Tomentaria, foment itia , Colto-
naria , Bomb ax humility Albinum , Cbamaxylon Limit
and hi ago : in Englif \ Cudweed or Cot ton weed.

II. The Kinds. There are four principal forts of

Cudweed , i. The Common , of which in this Chap-
ter. 2. Gnapbalium Impium^ W icked Cudweed, of
which in Chap. 181. 3. Gnapbalium Marinum ,

Jive Cot toner ia , Sea Cudweed or Coctonweed, of
which in Chap. 182. 4. Gnapbalium Americanum ,
American Cudweed, of which in Chap. 183.

III. Of the Common kind there are, 1. Gnapha-
lium vulgar e majus Johamiis Tbalii , Gnapbalium
Anglic urn folio longiore Lobelii , Englifh Cudweed.
2. Gnapbalium minus ^ Filago minor , Dodonai , G/7a-
pbd/ium vulgare minus , Gnapbalium medium Tabern-
montani , The Vulgar or Common leffer Cudweed.

IV. The Defcriptions. Tfo /r/?, 0/' Englifh
Cudweed, has a Root which is fmall and thready •

whence rife up one , ar //vtt Stalks ,

t?/? #// A7//; <?//:/ narrow whit if) or

woolly Leaves , rf/v/i/? /jyw; //.^ bottom of the Stalk
up to the top : with every Leaf Jtands a fmall. Flower ,
of a dun or brownifh yellow color , but not fo yellow
as in fome others in which Heads , after the Flow-
ers are j alien , fmall Seed , enclofed in the

Down , and which , tufov/ perfetled , carried away

with the Wind.

V. Thefecondj or Leffer Cudweed, W a fibrous
Root, almoft like the former _/><?;;/ whence /hoots
forth Jmall hoary Stalks , full of Branches almoft
from the very Ground , w/VA divers J mailer , Jhortct
and narrower Leaves thereon , of a more dusky hoa -
ry color , A/te 0/’ II W/ •, /landing

Singly , yowff Zw/r at a Space or Joint : the
Flowers hereof ftand at the tops of the Stalks and
Branches only , not all along , /zr fome of the

other kinds, one Branch above another , but all of
them rifing almoft to an even height , W <?/f an

overworn yellow color : it grows commonly about nine
or ten inches high , feldom to a foot , unlefs in choke
Ground. The Flowers are yellow , /At*

Buttons at the tops of the Stalks , and the Seed it
carried away with the Wind.

11. The P laces. They both grow in barren, dry,
fandy and gravelly Grounds in moft places oF Eng-
land : the firft has been iound growing in Fiamp-
ftead Wood , and in Woods near to Deptford , by
London.

VII. The Times. They flower in Junc^ Juft' and
4^/ *» and their Seed is ripe in a: little 'time
after.

\'III. T/V Qualities. They are temperate in re-
fpeft of Heat or Cold, but dry in the third Degree •
and therefore very Aftringent, Hepatick, and withal
Anodyne.

IK. The Specification. They are peculiar againft'
Catarrhs, Fluxes of the Bowels, Protulions dt Blood
in any Parr, and the Quinfey.

LI 2

X . The

260 Salmon’ j- Herbal. Lib. I.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
1. A liquid. Juice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Decofti-
on in Wine. 4. A Ponder. 5. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

XI. The liquid Juice. Taken inwardly to an
ounce or more, mixed with a Glafs of .Red Port
Wine, or in fome other proper Vehicle, it flops a-
ny inward Bleeding : it cleanles old and filthy Ul-
cers, and caufes them quickly to heal. Taken in
Wine, or in Milk, it is (as Pliny fays) a foveraign
Remedy againft Heat and Swellings in the Throat,
and that which is vulgarly called the Quinfey : and
he farther fays, Thar whofoever (hall take it (hall
never be troubled with that Difeafe again. And for
the fame Reafon Country People give it to their
Swine, with this Obfervation, That whichfoever of
them will not take it, will affuredly die.

XII. The Effence. It has the Virtues of the li-
quid Juice, but more powerful ; and over and above
in the curing of old running Sores and Ulcers, it is
of admirable Excellency. It flops and cures all
Fluxes of the Bowels, tho’ of long ftanding, and
reftores their Tone again to Admiration. It cures
the Whites in Women, as alfo the overflowing of
their Terms, is lingular againft rebellious Catarrhs,
and diicuftes Ample ContuAons ; kills Worms in
Children, and heals Ruptures.

XIII. The Decoflion in Wine. It has the Virtues
of the Juice and Effence, but in a lower degree, and
may be given from 4 to 6 or 8 ounces, according to
Age; 1 . In the Morning falling. 2. Half an hour
before Dinner. 3. At Night going to Bed. Poffi-
bly this may be heft for weak Stomachs.

XIV. The Pouder. It drys, binds and aftringes,
and therefore is profitable for Defluxions of Rheum
from the Head upon the Lungs, as alfo to flop
Fluxes of Blood wherefoever. Taken from 1 to 2
drams in Red Port Wine, it prevails againft the
Bloody-flux, and eafes the Tortions of the Bowels
coming thereby : it rtops the overflowing of the
Terms, and heals Wounds whether inward or out-
ward, being made into an Elect wary with the liquid
Juice, and fo ufed. This Pouder being either drunk
or injected up the Inteftinum Rdhtm , mixed with
Red Port, cures the Difeafe called Ti enafmus, which
is an often Provocation of going to Stool and doing
nothing.

XV. The Cataplafm. It may be made either of
the green Leaves bruifed with a Anal! quantity of
Wine, or elfe of the Pouder of the Herb made into
the Confluence of a Cataplafm with the liquid Juice.
Being applied, it immediately ftops the Bleeding of
Wounds, and in a ftiort time afterwards cures them :
it alfo cleanfes, drys and heals all old and filthy
Ulcers.

CHAP. CLXXXI.

Of CUDWEED Wicked.

I.np H E 'Names . It is called in Greek. , Tta.$tL>Jw
JL cZvorior, yvetife.\iov piK&Ttefv • in Latin, Gna-
phalium impium , Gnaphalium minus : in Englijh ,
Wicked Cudweed, Wicked Herb , Cudweed the lejjer.

II. The Kinds. Of thefe there are two forts, i .
Gnaphalium minus , Herba impia , Gnaphalium F'uf-
cbii , Matthioli , Lobelii , Lugdunenfis , Aliorumque,
Yilago ( a foliorum inufitata fuperbia ) and Cartajila-
go Anguilane, The lefler l'oit of the leffer Cud-

weeds, Wicked Cudweed the lelfer. 2. Gnapbah-
um majus generis minoris , Yilago major , Herba im-
pia major , Gnaphalium impium major , The greater
fort of the lefler Cudweed, Wicked Cudweed the
greater.

III. The Defcriptions. T be Jirfl of thefe has a fi-
brous Root , from whence Jhoots up a low or fort
Stalk , fet with Jhorter Leaves than the former , but
fome what more white or hoary , and a little broader 5
at the tops whereof Jfand a larger and more open
Flower than in the two others , and of a paler yellow
color •, from the fides of this Stalk /firing forth di-
vers Jhoft Branches , fet with fuel? like , but f mailer
Leaves than thofe which grow below, with fuch a like
yellow Flower as the other -, which Branches , with
their Flowers, do always rife higher than the middle
Stalk, and the Flower upon it : fometimes alfo the
Branches will have other fmall Branches fpring from
them, bearing Leaves on them, and Flowers on the
top of each ■, thefe alfo rifing above the Branches,
with their Flowers in the J aid manner, that the fir ft
Branches did unto the main Stalk : the Seed follows
the Flowers in a downv Bed, and is carried away with
the Wind, as the rejt are.

IV. The fecond, or Larger Wicked Cudweed, has
a large Root with fever al pretty thick Branches , and
many Fibres fpringing from the fame ^ from which
fometimes Springs up but one Stalk, and fometimes
two , three or more principal Stalks, very much, in
their Magnitude, way of Growing, Shape or Form of
the Leaves and Flowers , like the former, but much
larger ~, and for the mojl part thofe Flowers which
appear fir ft, are the loweft and bafejt , and are al-
ways overt opt by other Flowers which come on younger
Branches, and grow higher, as Children feeking to
overgrow or overtop their Barents, (as many wicked
Children do -, ) for which Giufe it obtained the Name
of Gnaphalium impium, and Herba impia, Wicked
Cudweed, or Wicked Herb, and not for any evil or
malignant Quality in the fame.

V. The Places. They both grow in dry, barren,
fandy, gravelly and defert places in many parts of
England.

VI. The

Chap. 182. cEngUJh . 'Herbs . ' 261

ttower in ^ and UL/SC

_... 1 t t /- ’ j^ -7 ' /t//z5 x reparations^

Urtwsjnd Ifes, are the fame with the Gmtow
Cudweed in Chap. 180. aforegoing, to which I referr
you

CHAP. CLXXXII.

0/ CUDWEED Sea.

I.TT f/E dWr. It is called in Greek , i>*f«AW
- 8a*«»iV : in Lrttra, Gnaphalium Marinum

Elicbryfum Sylveftre Jiore oblcngo Bauhim : in Eng
lijb , Sea Cudweed . 6

II. The Kinds It is a fingular Plant of the Sea
kind; and is called for the moil part, Cottonaria, or
Cononweed : alio Gnaphalium iMaritmum. tomento-
fum.

JJ}' The Defcription. It has a long and woody
Root which penjhes not yearly, as feveral of the o-
ther forts do. from this Root rife up feveral fmall

handful or half a foot high, fet thick with manyjhort,
fat and very white, foft and hoary or woolly Leaves

thP1 ?o‘b°r‘h?, T™ ”othi”e but Cot,°”i bearing
vJam ThPS mary or cottony Heads, with a
yellow Thrum/, breaking out m their middle ; thefe
are the Flowers, which, at the tops of the Stalks

liL t'd't/c111 roundBftmsi of Color and Fafihwn
like to the Common Cudweeds. Within the/e Heads,
-n a downy Bed, the Seed is contained, which is fame-
TV °n4ir Lhan the Seei °f the Mere. J

Sea Co ]c .ls Jloulld upon the Weftern

Etowinn i,irf England ’ m dlvers Places- 11 is found
S?2 rg/ j!fo at a place called Merezey, fix Miles
th.e f!de- I( has alfo been
gathered upon the Sea Coafts of Wales.

of AuouR Jn/li c" dowers from June tv the end
ot Augujt, and the Seed is ripe in September.

. . • ^ vvnicu yuu are xererrea :

yet it is thought by fome, who have madeTryal of
n' ci i J $ea Cudweed is the ftronger and more
effectual Medicament to all the Purpofes for which
the Comtnon is intended.

CHAP. CLXXXIII.

Of CUDWEED American.

f-TT IfE Names' This Plant> as far as I can
X learn, was wholly unknown to the Greeks ,
yet modem Authors have given it this Greek Name
’Asyyg/KifAn, Argyrocome, ( i. e. Silver-leav’d : ) in
p ? A is called, Gnaphalium Americanum ; and in
Enghjh, American Cudweed, alib Live-long, and
Lije-everlajhng. ’

II. The Kinds. It is a lingular Plant of the kind :
and is accounted one of the Species of Gnapbalium
Carolus C/ufius ftom the Likenefs of the Umbles or

iutTS i? til0' t*leF are Sreater and whiter

than thofe of the other kinds of Cudweed all of
which are of kin to the Golden Tufts. This Plant
has been called by fome of our Engltjh, Live-long
and Life -ever lafting, becaufe of the Durability or
long Duration of their Flowers in their Beauty.
rff- The Defcriptton. This Silver Tuft or Indian
Lottonweed, has Roots which are long, and black on
the out fide, creeping very much under Ground ■ from
whence fpnng up many white Heads of Leaves co-
vered with a hoary Woo/lmefs, like Cotton, which
nfing into hard thick, round Stalks, contain ft ill the
Jame Hoannefs upon them , as alfo upon the tong and
narrow Leaves which grow thereon , more effect ally
on the under fide -, for the upper fide s are of a da/k
Jhtnwg green color. The Stalks are divided at the
top into many fmall Branches, each of which have rna-
flcry,\ 1 ffd HyH fet together, covered over
with Cotton before their opentng, and then parting
one from another abiding very white on the outfide
when they are fuUy grown, but with a fmall yellow
Thrumb tn the mtidle of each f lower, which ,n time

wnhTrgwtlf * U b^‘^away

IV. Gerard fays that this Plant is of greater
Beauty than the ref, and has ftraight upright Stalks
(I Jeetf'&b or more, covered with a mod foft and
fine Wool/, and in fuel i a plentiful manner , that a
Man may with his Hands lake it from the Stalk in
great quantity This Stalk is bejet with many long
and nan ow Leaves, green on the inner fide and
boon, on the other fide, fomewhat like in Form to
Kolemary Leaves but greater. The Flowers do
grow at the tops of the Stalks in Bundles or Tufts
confifttng of many fmall Flowers of a white color, an i
very double or oompaa or as it were confifttng of
little Silver Scales thruft clofe together, which do
make the fame very double. When the Flower has
long flourijhed and is grown old, then comes there

in the midft of the Flower, a certain brown yellow
Thrumb fuch as is in the midft of the Daify : which
Flowers bang gathered when they are young, may be
'? fMcb mafttter as they were gathered, to wit
itifuch frefiinefs and good Color , for the fpace of a
■whole fear after , and that in a clofe Cheft or elfe -
when : from this long keeping of their Frejhnefs and
to/or, it was that our Englilh Gentlewomen called
// Live-long, tic. to which, on this occafwn it very
aptly anjwers. <

V. The

Salmon s Herbal.

V. The P feces.
in feveral parts of

r. It grows plentifully in America ,
... ^ of the I Veflbtdies. I found it grow-

ing in fbrne of the Southern parts of Carolina It
grows naturally neat unto the Mediterranean Sea ,
from whence it has been brought and planted in our
Enelifh Gardens. Bauhinus fays, that it grows ire-
quently in Brajil : but Cluftus, whofirft let it forth
by the Name of Argyrocome or Gnaphalunn Ameri-
canum , had his Plants out of England. V\ e have
alio had it brought to us out of Honda , lo that now
it grows well and plentifully with us, if Cate be
taken of it by a skilful Gardener.

VI. The Tims. It flowers in June and July ,
and the Seed is ripe in Augufi.,

VII. The totalities. Specification , Preparations and
Virtues of this, are the lame with the laft and the
others aforegoing, and therefore reterr you to Chap.
1 8c. for full Satisfaction.

CHAP. CLXXXIV.

Of CULLIONS Sweet,

0 R,

lady-traces.

I t-p H E flames. This Plant is called in Greek,
| 'Otygt itif. in Latin, Orchis odorants, Te-
fliculus odomtus , vel aromaticus ; and in Englijh,
Sacet Cullions, Sweet Orchis, Sweet Lady-Traces.

II. The Kinds. They are of the Kindred of the
Orchis and Ordinis quint i , according to Parkinfon :
of this Species he makes eight feveral forts ; but
there are tour principal kinds of thefe Sweet Lulli-
ons viz i Thole with one Angle Tefticle or Stone,
a. Thole with two Tefticles. %. Thofe with three
and fometimes with lour Bulbs. 4. The Creeping
or Ballard kind.

III. Of the finglc bulbed Orchis , there is but one
Species, viz. 1. Orchis pufilla odor at if feptima Clu-
fiii , The 1'weet Musk Orchis.

IV. Of the double bulbed , there are three Spe-
Ctes, viz. 2. Orchis alba odor at a minor , Orchis fpi-
ralis minor Lobelii , The Idler Tweet Cullions, or
Lady-Traces. 3. Orchis Frifia Litoralis Lobelii ,
Friezland Orchis or Lady-Traces. 4. Cbamaorehis
lati folia Zelandica , Orchis lillifolius Lobelii , Pfeudo
Orchis Clufii , The dwarf Orchis of Zeland.

V. Of the treble bulbed Orchis , there are alfo three
Species, viz. 5. Triorchis alba odor at a , and odor at a
major , Triorchis alba fpiraUs Lobelii , The greater
fweet Lady -Traces. 6. Triorchis lute a Leodienfis ,
Orchis minor Leodienfis Lobelii , Lady-Traces of
Liege. 7. Triorchis lute a altera Gemma folio gla-
bro , Triorchis lutea tertia Lobelii , Lady-Traces
yellow, with fmooth Leaves.

VI. Of the Creeping kind , there is one only Spe-
cies, viz. 8. Or&is Radice repente , Small Creeping
or Ballard Orchis.

VII. The Defcriptions. The firft of thefe , or
Musk Orchis , has a Root which confifis but of one
fmall round Bulb , of the bignefs of a Pea ^ above
which it has long Strings running forth , by which
new Plants are encreafed. Prom this Root fpring
up ufually but three fmall and narrow green Leaves ,
among which grows up a Stalk of an Hand breadth in
height , having a long narrow Spike of pale green
Blowers , ending in three Points , and fuelling like
Musk.

VIII. The fecond , or Lefler fweet Cullions, have
their Roots growing by Couples or Pairs , which are
fmall \ and jomewhat long as well as round : from
thefe Roots thefe Lefler Lady-Traces have mucnfmaU
ler Leaves Jhooting forth , and lying next the Ground ,
than thofe of the Greater Lady -Traces in Sett. 11.
following but they arc of the fame Fajhion with
thofe , and almojl like unto a very fmall Plantane
Leaf } the Stalk is not above four , Jive or fix inches
high , with fome fmall fbcw of little pieces of Leaves
thereon to the Blowers , which are of a white color ,
dafht over with a thin Blufh , /landing in thin long
Spikes , com faffing the Stalk, which 'are of a very
fweet Smell-

IX. The third, or, Friezland Orchis, or Lady-
Trace^,' h as a Root confifiing of two fmall round
Bulbs , from whence fpring up two or three fmall ,
fomewhat long and hairy Leaves , yet fhorter than
thofe of the Ribwort Plantane. The Stalk is above a
fpan high, yi2. about four or five inches , and bears
round abbif .it finallycllcmfb green Blowers, much
like unto the former , and Jet in the fame Order.

X. The fourth, or Dwarf Zeland Orchis, has a
Root confifiing of two Bulbs for the mo It part , and
fometimes of three, which are covered of whitijh
Coats or Skins, being greenifh within , and fweet ifh
in Tafie+jhe lower of them being lank , as in others.
It has two fair , but fmall Lilly like. Leaves, about
two inches long, rifing up from them and if Stalk
about three or four inches high , the Blowers being
not much unlike the former. This fort is thought to
be the Pfeudo-orchis Clufiii.

XI. The fifth , or Greater fweet Lady-Traces,
have triple bulb'd Roots, which by chance may fome-
times be fourfold, being round, and longer than any
of the former Orchides , with feveral fhort Fibres
J fringing out round about them, contrary to the mo-
dus of all the refi. From this Root come forth feve-
ral very fad green Jhining Leaves, like unto the
Lefler Plantane, but Jharper pointed, which rife up
in September, after the Stalk, with the Blowers , are
withered, which do abide green all the Winter, and
perijh in May. The J lender Stalk, which crooketh
and windetb it felj a little, rifes up in Augufi, full

Jet

Chap. 185. UngUfb Herbs.

26]

fet for a great lengthy with many fmall , white and
fweet Mowers, compajjing it round, and hanging down
round about it.

XII. The fixth , or Lady-Traces of Liege, have a
triple bulb'd Root , and fomethnes Quadruple round
and a little long , not much unlike in Shape to fome
kinds of Pears, the Jharper end tending downward in-
to the Ground , of which two are for the moft part
large , one fmall ', out of which feveral fmall Fibres
proceed. The Leaves of this are fomewhat more like
unto thofe of a broad-leav'd Plantane, but yet fmaller
and narrower , three or four at the bottom of the
Stalk , which otherwife is bare , and has none upon it -,
and the Flowers are yellowifh , like the others , at the
top , one growing above another.

XIII. The feventh , or Yellow Lady-Traces with
fmooth Leaves, which has a Root compofed of three
fmall Bulbs , almoft perfeUly round , the one full , the
other lank-, from which fpring up logger andfmoother
Leaves than thofe of the Friezeland Orchis at Sefl.9.
aforegoing, but the Stalks and Ffawers tire very like
them, yellow of color , and ple'Tffytly fweet : the
Figure of this Riant Lobel has given us from Corne-
lius Gemma.

XIV. The eighth, or Small creeping Orchis, has a
Root very unlike all the reft, being long and full of
Strings, growing thick together, and interlacing
themfelves one among another -, yet have they at the
upper part thereof, next under the Leaves, (as Ca-
merarius fays ) fome fhew of fmall Bulbs fome times
to be feen. From thefe Roots arife Leaves which are
thick and fomewhat broad, like Plantane, of a dark
green color : the Stalk is J lender , and fet full at the
top with feveral white Vlowers, Jpcited with Blood-
red Spots. Parkinfon will have this to come nearer
to an Helleborine than an Orchis.

XV. The P laces. Thefe all generally grow in
dry Grounds, Heaths and wafte untill’d Places, in
many places of England but are for the molt part
nurs’d up with us in Gardens.

XVI. The Times. They all flower late in the
Year, fcarcely before Auguft or September.

XVII. The Vitalities. They are all ( except the
laft) hot and moift in the fecond Degree ^ fome
fay hot in the firtt Degree, and moift in the fecond.
They attenuate , are Stomatick and Hyfterick, Al-
terative, Analeptick and Spermatogenetick.

XVIII. The Specification. They ftir up Lull, and
cure Barrennefs in either Sex.

XIX. The Preparations. You may prepare there-
from, 1. A liquid Juice. 2. An Ejfence. 3. San-
guis or Blood.

The Virtues.

XX. The liquid Juice. Taken to 2 fpoonfuls
or more in Canary, or rather Alicapt ; 1. In the
Morning falling. 2. An hour before Dinner. 3.
At Four in the Afternoon. 4. An hour and half af-
ter Supper, juft at going to Bed,; it bipeds much
Seed, ftirs up Lull, ftrengthens §ie inftruments of
Generation, and cures a Ample Gonorrhoea, or Gleet
of the thinner parts of the Seed.

XXI. The Ejfence. It has all the Virtues of
the former, and may be taken in the fame Dofe, and
at the fame times j but it is much more powerful
to all the Intentions, and is effectual to cure even
Ulcers of the Proftata: from a virulent Caufe.

XXII. The Sanguis or Blood. I k Pulp of the

Roots made by well beating them in a Stone Mortar,
4 pounds : Crums of Rye and Wheat Bread , of each
1 pound : mix them well together, adding a little
white Port Wine , to make them pretty moift : put
*/l into a Bolt-head, flopping it well with Cork and
Spauilh Wax , or Sealing Wax, fo that nothing may

1 tranfpire, digeft in a warm Balneo or Horfe-dung >
till the Matter is changed into a Rubicund or Bloody
Chyle -, then force it ftrongly out with a Prefs, put-
ting the expreffed Blood into a Balneo Vaporis, that
by this fecond Digeft ion it may acquire a greater
Rednefs, and fome h trees may fettle -, which continue
till the Blood becomes abfolutely clear, and of a moft
perfeff Red, which then Jeparate from the Faces by
decanting it : put this into a Glafs Alembick, and
in Balneo Vaporis abftraff fome of the thin, clear
and limpid Water or Spirit, leaving the Bloody Ex-
t raff at the bottom of a very red color. This ad-
mirably corroborates the Womb , and the Veflels
and Inftruments of Generation, both in Man and
Woman : it is a Specifick to caufe Conception in
Women, to remove Barrennefs and caufe Fruitful-
nefs. It alio cures Impotency in Men, and reftores
them to their Priftin Vigor. Dofe 1 fpoonful Morn-
ing, Noon and Night in Generous Wine.

CHAP. CLXXXV.

Of CUMIN Garden.

H E Names. It is called in Greek, K fyw :

X in Latin, Cuminum : in Arabick, Camum and
Kemum -, and in Englifh , Cumin.

II. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. 1. Kv'piw
Cuminum Hortenfe, Garden Cumin. 2. K^lvoy ^vw,
Cuminum agrefte. Wild Cumin •, of this we fhall
difeourfe in the next Chapter.

III. The Garden kind is threefold, 1. Kv^mv </V
fofi ?, Cuminum vulgare. Our ordinary Cumin. 2.
Kvpivov yhvx.'l , Cuminum dulce , Cuminum melitenfe
dulce. Sweet Cumin, and Small Cumin. 3.
eff/fw, Cuminum acre, Cuminum melitence acre. Sharp
tailed Cumin, and Great Cumin.

IV. Tbe

2 6^ Salmon^ Herbal. Lib. 1

IV. The Defer iptions. The jirft of thefe has a
Root which is long, J mall, white , and perifhmg eve-
ry Tear -, from whence faring up fever al /lender
Stalks , a fool and half high or more , and fome of
them not fo high , each branching them/ elves out gra-
dually, and growing white at length , having fore of
Leaves, which are fnall and long, like unto thofe oj
Fennel. The Flowers are fomewhat reddi/h, grow-
ing in Umbles at the tops of the Stalks, which turn
into finally long and almofl round whitifh Seed, cro-
fted or ft raked on the rounder fide, and f mailing
frong.

V. The fecond, or Sweet fmall Cumin, has Roots,
Stalks and Leaves like to the former, and like it in
its manner of Growing -, but its Seed is fmall, and
like unto Anife Seed, and J'weet as Sweet Fennel
Seed : fo that it ferns to be nothing differing from
the former, but in the Shape or Form, Magnitude,
and very fwcet Tafle of the Seed.

VI. The third, or Sharp-rafted great Cumin, is
like the Ordinary or Common Cumin in its Roots,
Stalks, Leaves, Branches, Flowers and manner oj
Growing, faving that it is every ways greater ■, but
it principally differs in its Seeds, for they are not
only greater than thofe of the jirft or Ordinary Cu-
min, but they are longer alfo, and pointed at both
ends, creffed hkewife on the rounder fide, and of a
much duller color, f mailing more ; unpleafantly, and
tafting very fharp upon the Tongue, hot, quick and
biting, like Cubebs or Pepper.

VII. The P laces. They grow all of them in Eng-
land, in our Gardens, the Seed being fown •, but
they are Natives of other hotter Countries, as Spain,
Italy and the Iflands of the Mediterranean Sea, as
alfo in Syria, Palefina , and other Eaftern Coun-
tries , where they grow familiarly and plentifully.
The Jirft of thefe grows moft common with us in
our cultivated Grounds, but admirably well in the
South parts of Carolina , and other parts of Florida ,
where I faw it in Perfection. The fecond grows,
befides in all the places aforenamed, very plentifully
in the Ifte of Maltha, where they put it into their
Bread and other Meats, and Trade with it to other
Pans in exchange for other Commodities. The
third (as well as the firft) grows in feveral parts of
Arabia, /Ethiopia, /Egypt and Afta, where it more
admirably obtains that acrid or fharp Tafte : howe-
ver, they delight to grow in putrified and hot
Soils.

VIII. The Times . Parkinfon fays they come not
often to Perl eel ion with us, unlefs in a kindly Year,
and fown in the middle of the Spring : fo that.tho’
they flower and feed early in hot Countries, yet it
is late with us before the Seed comes to Ripenefs.
Gerard fays, that he had proved the Seeds ( of the
firft fort) in his Garden, where they brought ripe
Seed, much fairer and greater than any which comes
from beyond Sea. It is to be fown in the middle of
the Spring : Ruellius fays, that a Shower of Rain
prefently following its Sowing, hinders much the
Growth thereof. Gerard fow’d it in the midft of
May, and it fprung up in fix days after, and the
Seed was ripe in the end of July.

IX. The Qualities. The Seed, which is princi-
pally ufed, is hot and dry in the third Degree, full
of Sulphur and Mercury it is Aperitvie, Anodyne,
Aftringent, Attractive, Carminative, Digeftive, Dif-
cuffive, Diuretick and Sudorifick •, Cephalick, Neu-
rotick, Stomatick, PeCloral, Nephritick and Hyfte-
rick ^ Emmenagogick, Lithontriptick, Alexiphar-
mick, Analeptick and Spermatogenetick.

X. The Specification. It has been found, by Ex-
perience, to be a fingular Cure for the Colick'.

XI. The Preparations. You may have, i. A li-
quid Juice of the green Herb, 2. An Eft'ence of the

green Herb. 3. A Cataplafm of the green Herb. 4.
A Ponder of the Seed. 5. A Spirituous Tinflure of
the fame. 6. An Acid Tinflure thereof. 7. An
Oily Tint! lire of it. 8. A Saline Tinflure. 9. A
Spirit of the Seed. Io. An Oil from the fame. n.
A Spirituous Water. 12. A Ba/fam made of the
Chymical Oil. 13. A Decoflion of the Seed. 14.
A Cataplafm thereof.

The Virtues.

XII. 'The liquid Juice of the Leaves. It expels
Wind and Urine, provokes the Terms, and is good
again!! the Bitings of Mad Dogs, Serpents, and o-
ther Venomous Creatures. Dofe 2 fpoonfuls at a
time Morning and Night, in a Glafs of Wine or
Ale.

XIII. The Effence of the green Herb. It has the
former Virtues, befides which, it prevails againft
he Colick and Fluxes of the Bowels, is good a-

gainft Vapors in Women, is a good PeCloral, open-
ing ObftruClions ojjjthe Breft and Lungs. Dofe 1
or 2 fpoonfuls Morning and Night in Wine.

XIV. The Cataplafm of the green Herb. It dif-
cuffes Wind in the Bowels, ftrengthens the Joints,
difeuffes windy Humors in thofe or any other Parts,
repercuffes Humors in fimpVe and recent Contufions,
difeufles Flatulencies in the Scrotum, and prevails
againft the Gout.

XV. The Pouder of the Seed. Mixed with Ho-
ney, ( a dram at a time ) it is PeCtoral , and very
good againft Coughs and Colds. Mixed with Vi-
negar and put up the Noftrils, it is faid to flop
Bleeding there. Made up into a Quilt, fprinkled
with good Wine-Vinegar, and made very hot upon
a Warming-pan with Coals in it, and fo applied to
the Side, it takes away Pains and Stitches, and .gives
eafe in the Pleufily. Taken to 1 dram in a Glafs
of Generous Wine, it eafes Pains of the Stomach
and Womb, gives Relief in the Colick, and is good
againft the Gripings of the Guts. It makes fuch
as ufe it much inwardly to look very pale.

XVI. The Spirituous Tinflure of the Seed. It is
a true Anticolick , given to 1 fpoonful in Wine or
Ale, ftrengthens the Stomach, and reltores the Tone
thereof, and is a fingular good thing againft the
Bloody -ftux, and all other Fluxes of the Bow-
els.

XVII. The Acid Tinflure. It is a moft admira-
ble Stomatick, expels Wind, ftrengthens the Ventri-
cle, caufes a good Appetite and an excellent Dige-
ftioiri and if a Loathing or Vomiting is prefen t, it
prefently removes them, reftoring the Stomach to
its priftin State of Health. Dole fo much at a
time as to make the Liquor pleafantly fharp. It
gives eafe in the Gout and cures it, if the Parts af-
teCted be bathed therewith for fome time.

XVIII. The Oily Tinflure. It immediately cures
the Cholick to a Miracle, being given from 20 to
40 or 50 drops at a time, in a Glafs of Wine, or
fome other proper Vehicle : it opens ObftruCtions
of the Womb, provokes the Terms, and removes
Sand, Gravel and Tartarous Matter from the Reins,
Ureters and Bladder, giving fingular eafe in a very
!hort time. Anointed outwardly upon the Joints
affeCted with the Gout, it gives eafe, and in a !hort
time after cures it. It cures Cramps and Convulfi-
ons to a Miracle, by anointing it on the Part affe-
cted.

XIX. The Saline Tinflure. Given from 20 to
40 drops, or more, in a Glafs of White Port Wine,
it opens ObltruCtions of the Reins and Ureters,
cleanfes thofe Parts of Sand , Gravel or Tartarous
Matter, and caufes the Patient to Pifs freely. Out-
wardly bathed upon places affeCted with the Gout,

it

Chap. 185. ‘Englijb Herbs.

265

it gives Eafe and Relief. It attenuates, digefts and
dilcuffes Humors.

XX. The Oil of the Seed. It is a Specifick again!!
Pains of the Stomach and Bowels , gives prefent
eafe in the Cholick, as alfo in the Stone, provokes
the Terms in Women, and has all the Virtues of
the Spirituous and Oily Tinftures. Given ad gut.
1 2 or 20 in a Glafs of Wine to a Woman in Travel,
it facilitates the Delivery. It is good again!!
Coughs, Colds, Alfhma’s, (hortnefs of Breath, dif-
ficulty of Breathing, Wheezings, Hoarlhefs and 0-
ther like Diftempers of the Brel! and Lungs. It
encreafes Seed, provokes Lull, llrengthens the In-
ftruments of Generation, reftores in Confumptions,
breeds Milk in Nurfes, and refills Poyfon : it is al-
fo prevalent again!! the Bitings of Vipers and other
Serpents ; alfo the Bitings of Mad Dogs, and other
Venomous Bealls, being inwardly taken, and out-
wardly applied to the place.

XXI. The Spirit uotts Water. It may be ufed as
a Vehicle for any of the former internal Preparations,
and has in forne meafure all their Virtues : it is a
very good thing for Nurfes to tjke, becaufe it very
much promotes the breeding of Milk.

XXII. The Balfam. It is made of the Chymical
Oil, mixt with fix times its quantity of pure Oil of
Nutmegs by Expreffion. It is of wonderful Ufe to
anoint the Genitals of a Man, who is grown Impo-
tent either by Age, Accident, or a long Difufe of the
A£l; the Oil of the Seed being in the meanSeafon
taken inwardly. Anointed upon Parts affefled with
Cramps and Convulfions, it generally cures them ;
and llrengthens any Part which is much weakened,
either by the Gout or other Accidents. Anointed
on the Stomach and Side, it comforts them, and
eafes the Pains of the Pleurify.

XXIII. The XOecottiort of. the Seed in Wine. If
Figs are added in the Boiling, it will be the more
Pefloral, and lo be good for fuch as are fhort-
Winded, or are otherwile troubled with an old
Cough, Hoarfnefi or Wheezing, difficulty of Breath-
ing, and other Difeafes of thofe Parts ; and withal
it expels Wind from the Stomach and Bowels: and
if it is conllantly drunk for a whole Year together,
it obliterates the very Roots and Foundation of' the
Gour, and by keeping of the Body loluble, and
fweetning all the Juices, it carries off the Tartarous
Matter which breeds that Difeafe, and that without
either Purging or any other Medicine. But when it
is thus generally ufed, the Decoflion mull be made
fometimes in Water and fometimes in Wine, for
the Stomach fake, and it mull be ufed as the Pati-'
ents common Drink. I fay all this ftom manifold
Experience.

XXIV. The Cataplafm of the Seed. If it is
bruijed and jryed with Polks of Eggs till they are
hard , and then beaten up with a little OH of Nut-
megs by Expreffion , or with fome of the former Bal-
fam , and applied to the Head, (the Hair being fir!!
ihaved off) it gives wonderful and fpeedy Relief in
an old Head-ach, tho’ it be vehement, more efpeci-
ally if it comes from a cold and moil! Caule ; and
applied to the back part of the Head, it Hops the
Rheum which falls into the Eyes, and helps fuch as
are Blood-lhotten ; more efpecially if withal it is
made with Wax into the Form of an Emplailer,
and applied warm over the Eye-lids. The Cata-
plalha made only with the Seed and Yolks of Eggs,
and applied to a fimple Contufion, difcuffes it : but
with the Oil of Nutmegs, being applied to the
Scrotum , it is excellent to difcufs a windy Tumor
of that Parr.

CHAP. CLXXXVI.

Of CUMIN Wild.

Names. It is called in Greek, Kv^im

A 7iiJ)vcv >£) «■) etov : in Lai in, Cumin um Sy/veltre :
in Englijb , Wild Cumin.

II- The Kinds. Authors make three kinds here-
of^ viz. 1. Kv/x/ycf iyeiov, Cuminum Sylveftre, Cumi-
num primum Diofcoridis. , ( according to Matthiolus )
Cuminum globofum Came rani , Cuminum Capitulis
globojis Bauhini , alfo Leporum Cubile , Stalimene , as
it is called in the Ifle of Lemnos, Wild Cumin. ’ 2.
CmKocvt % employ, Hypecoum and Hypopheum , Hype -
coumverum Diofcoridis , (according to . Dodontus
and Clufius ) Cuminum Sy/vejfe altcrum vel Si/i-
quofum Came rani, Lugdunenfis, Tabernmontani Lf
Lobelii Cuminum Sylvefire Corniculatum Gerardi,
Hypecoum Legitimum Bauhini , The fecond or Horned
Wild Cumin. 3. Cuminum Sihquofum altcrum Di-
ofeoridis^ Lobelii , Pens, Lugdunenfis , Cuminum 5)7-
vejtre tertium , Siliquofttm minus Tabernmonta -

nit Hypecoum alterum Bauhini, The fecond Horned
or Imall Codded Wild Cumin.

III. As for thefe two latter, tho’ Camerarius, Do-
donatus , Lobe/ and Gerard , with fome others, do ac-
count them as Species of Cumin, or kinds of Wild
Cumin, yet they are fcarcely fo to be accounted, for
that they have neither the Appearance or outward
Refemblance of them, neither yet the Medical Qua-
lities or Virtues anfwerable to them, but rather have
the Qualities and Properties of Poppies : however
becaufe Cuftom has given them the Name of Wild
Cumin, we fubmit, and rank them in the lame Or-
der.

U/iib Cumin.

IV. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Wild Cu-
min, has a Root which is fmall and white, with fome
Fibres adjoining to it, and quickly perifhes zoith the
/eaji Blafls or Dezvs of cold Nights, and therefore
M m comes

2 66

Salmon s Herbal Lib. I.

comes not often to Maturity in our Country : from
this Root jhoot forth feveral long , rough andfome-
what hard winged Leaves , Confining of many leffer
Leaves, each of which are finely dented about the
edges, 'winch are in f'ajhion almoji like the fmallefl
Leaves of Wild Parfoep : from among which Leaves
/brings up a J lender , weak , bending Stalk , about a
foot high, much like foPeclen Veneris, divided at the
top into many parts, each of which has a round, whi-
lijhfoft and woolly or downy head or Ball, funding
Upon a /mail foot-flalk , viz. roundand hairy Buttons
or Knobs, like Artlion Montanum, or Bardana minor
Montana, as Diofcorides has obferved, or like to the
Plane-tree heads or Balls : within which Heads is
contained a downy Subfiance, among ft which is the
Seed, like the Seed pf Dens Leonis, but much lej-
fer.

J V. T he fecond, or Horned Wild Cumin, which is
the Hypecoum Legitimum, has a fingle, long and
thick Root, with Jome Fibres appendent to it, which
dies every Lear, at the firft approach of Winter, and
is with us very hardly made to fpring again , but by
an Autumn Sowing : from this Root fpring forth fe-
veral long winged Leaves lying on the Ground, very
much divided, and cut into many parts, not much un-
like to the Leaves of Sefeli or Maffilia, of a pale or
whitijh green color, fo like unto Fumiterry in the co-
lor of the Leaves, as alfo fomewhat near to it in the
many Divifions and Parts thereof, that it may eaftly
deceive one who does but fiightly look upon it, but the
Leaves are fmaller and thinner, and more gentle in
handling , (tho’ growing larger in Spain, as Clulius
has obferved.) In the mid ft of theft Leaves rifes up
a Stalk (or two) a Cubit high or more, very fmooth
and whitijh, with fame fine jagged Leaves thereon,
which is divided towards the top into fievera l
Branches ; at the tops of which come forth fine fmall
yellow flowers, confifiing of fix Leaves apiece , two
of which are larger than the reft, and edged with
green on the outfide, and ftandone oppofite to another,
the reft being Jmall, and fcarcely to be difeerned but
when the flower is blown open ; the flowers being
pafs'd away , there fucceed long, crooked, flat Horns ,
Husks or Cods, crooked, large and full of Knots ,
Joints or Divifions, fomewhat like unto the Husks
or Horns of the Scorpioides Matthioli, but greater
and longer ; in the feveral Joints whereof lye feve-
ral fquare yellowifh Seeds , fmall and flat, andalmoft
like to thofe of Galega or Goats-Rue, which are very
difficultly to be taken out and feparatei from the
Husks or Skins. Hie Tafte of the whole Plant is
unpleafant.

VI. The third, or Small Codded Wild Cumin,
lias a Root much like the former ; the Leaves are al-
fo fomething like, not fo broad and long as thofe, but
more cut in, and finely dented and divided, fomewhat
like unto Sefeli or Hartwort n/Marfelles, or Wild
Chervil. The Stalks are fmooth, fmall and tender,
full of Branches and Leaves, much like unto the
fmall Leaves of Caraway or Peflen Veneris. At
the tops of the Stalks and Branches come forth pretty
yellow f lowers, made of Jive pointed Leaves , and
much like to thofe of Great Celandine or Rocket, fa-
iling that they are fomewhat left. Tbefe being pafs’d
away, long Pods Jucceed them, which hang down, and
ft and not upright, nor are crooked , like the former -,
but the Seeds within the Cods are feverally dijl mil,
and feparated one from another by equal Partitions,
in fmall Crojfes, yellow of color and fomewhat long,
larger than the other aforegoing, and not much un-
like to Galega or thofe of Goats-Rue.

VII. The Places. They are found Natives of Ga-
latia, Lycia, feveral places of Afia, Italy Spain and
France -, and grow in our Gardens here in England,
only by fowing the Seed.

VIII. The Times. They tlower not with us till
the middle of Summer, viz. July and Auguft, and
give their Seed late, viz. in September-, but the firft
feeds very late, and is feldom good. Gerard lays,
that the fecond did liourilh and flower in his Gar-
den.

IX. The Vitalities, Specification and Virtues of the
firft, are the fame with thofe of the Garden Cumin
in the former Chapter, to which you are referred.
But as for the two latter, tho’ they feem to be of
the Nature of Poppies , yet fince no Author has faid
any thing of them, we (hall be filent concerning the
fame.

CHAP. CLXXXVII.

Of CYPERUS Sweet,

0 R,

HER B-C Y PERUS.

I.' p H E Names. It is called in Arabick , Saha -

JL rade : in Greeks Kim?©- : in Latin , Cyperus ,
J uncus angulofus, June us quadrat us, J uncus Tri-
angularis, Afpalathum , Eryjifceptron ■, and in Eng.
lifh , Cyperus , Herb Cyperus, Sweet Cyperus , Galin-
ga, and Galingal Englijh.

II. The Kinds. It is fourfold, viz. i. K um?Q-
Tfyyyvx©-, Cyperus rotundus. Sweet or Herb Cype-
rus, or Engliih Galingal round-rooted. 2. Ktm?©-

Cyperus longus. Herb Cyperus or Engliih Gu-
iingal long-rooted. 3. KuVe?©- diyta.ru M , Cyperus
lit or alis, vel lit ore us rotundus , Round Sea Marih
Cyperus, or Marih Engliih Galingal : all thefe are
found growing in England, and ihall be treated of
in this Chapter •, to thefe add 4. Cyperus dulcis ro-
tundus ejculentus, or Traji dulce Italonm , Sweet
Ruih-Nut, which f^e hereafter in its proper
place.

III. The Greeks have other Names for the Plants
treated of in this Chapter, tho’ KuW?©- is the gene-
ral Name, and is that by which the firft kind is cal-
led, ( fo called from the Roundnefs of the Root )
which is the Cyperus rotundus odoratus : K v’metf, Cy-
peris longus odoratus, is the fecond , or long-rooted
fweet kind: Ky^7?©-? Cypir us lit oralis, is the third,
•or Marfh kind of all which in their Order.

IV. Note. This is to be taken notice of, That
many Apothecaries, by reafon of their Ignorance, do
ufe the long fweet Cyperus Roots inftead of the round
Cyperus Roots and others, tho’ they know better,
yet conftantly make ufe of the long, inftead of the
other, contrary to the Appointment of the Ancients,
nor do they defire to be furnilhed with the Genuine
or True, becaufe the one is much cheaper and eafier
to be had than the others are, thus fubftituting the
long for the round -, which, tho’ upon neceflity a
Subftitute may be admitted, yet no Succedanum , viz.
a quid pro quo, is to be allowed of, when the true
Ingredient is to be had ^ forafmuch as no Subftitute
can be fo eftettual to every Intention as the Genuine
is : this Abufe ought indeed to be rectified for the
future.

V. The Defcriptions. The firjl , or Common
fweet round kind, fate a Root which is compofed of
many long and round blackifh brown fmall Roots, of
the bignefs of fmall Olives, or Roots of the Greater
Filipendula , which are fa lined together by long
Strings, and are of a fweet Smell, even whi/Jl they
are green, but more when they are dry, which then

are

Chap. 187. UngUJh Herb ,

wWF,

's.

are of a bitter Tafts, fomewWF’.ike unto Galanga .
from this Root Jhoot forth many Heads of long and
narrow Leaves, fomemhat ridg'd in the middle , e-
very Leaf feeming thereby to be three fquare, and
fometbing hard and rough in handling ; fweet alfo in
Scent : from among thefe Leaves rife up many fmooth
fquare Stalks, about a yard high, fluffed with a white
Pith, and not hollow, without any Knot or Joint
therein, unto the very tops, whery there ft and a few
jhort Leaves, and many fmall Panicles or chaffy green
Spikes , or Ears of J mall Leaves above them , which
afterwards contain the Seed ‘kin them.

VI. The fecond, or Long-rooted fweet Cyperus,
has Roots which are of a moderate bignefs, long and
round, and of a black or blackijh brown color on the
outfide , but whitijh within, full and firm, and creep-
ing hither and thither , taking up much Ground, by
reafon of their fpreading ; it creeps under the Sit-
perficies of the Earth, round about, by which it is
quickly much encreafid ; and is of a moft pleafmg
fweet Smell when it is broken , tho’ it be green and
frefh, and yet more pleafant when it is dry. prom
this Root fprtng forth long Leaves, which are ns it
were three fquare, /ike the former, and ns rough and
hard in handling alfo, almoft like unto the Common
Reed, but that they are lejfer and Jhorter. The
Stalk is fmooth and three fquare, fluffed with a white
Pith, like the former, and riftng three feet high or
more, and having alfo fome Jhort narrow Leaves at
the tops thereof ; and fmall long Panicles, like unto
the other in all things, fo that they are fiercely to
bedfierned afunder above Ground , the only or chief
Difference confifting in the Root.

VII. The third, or Marlh kind, has Roots which
are tuberous and almoft round, hard and black , and
without Smell, many Tubers hanging fometimes upon
one String ; they are not large, but grow almoft after
the manner of Vitginea Potatoes, white and firm
within. The Stalk and Leaves are much like to the
firfl kind, but the Heads are unlike, for thefe are
rough and blackijh , about the bignefs of a Filbert,

hanging about fix or fiven in number, at top of the
Stalk.

VIII. The Places. The firfl and fecond of thefe
grow naturally in Fenny Grounds, yet they thrive
very well in Gardens, as we daily fee by Experience.
The firll grows naturally in Italy and Spain, as alfo
in JEgypt by the River Kilns, as Alpinus fays, but
is only to be found with us in our Gardens, where,
unlefs much Care be taken, it difficultly endures the
Hardfhip of the Winter. The fecond grows in Sy-
ria hnd Candy, but with us only in Gardens. The
third and lalt grows about Ditches and the Banks of
Rivers, where Sait or Sea Water comes: it is found
plentifully in the Marlhes below Gravefind, in
Shipey , Tenet and other like places.

IX. The Times. The firfl: flowers or bears its
bufhy Tops in Auguft , with us here in England:
The fecond produces its tufted Head in July , or
towards the end of that Month, for the moft part :
and the third Flowers always in July and Auguft.

X. The Qualities. The Roots are only of life
and are accounted hot and dry in the fecond Degree :
they Attenuate, are Aperitive, Abfterfive, Aftringenr'
Carminative, Digeftive and Diuretick ; Cephalick’
Stomatick, Nephritick and Hyfterick ; Lithontrip-
tick and Alexipharmick.

XI. The specification. They are peculiar againft
the Stone, Gravel and Obftrultion of Urine.

XII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, t. A Deco&wn in Wine nr Water. 2. A Pon-
der. 3. A Catap/afm. 4. AJhes. %. A Spirituous
TinSure. 6. An Acid Tintlure. 7. An Oily Tm-
Uure . 8. A Saline Tintture.

The Virtues.

XIII. The Decol/ion in Wine or Water. If it \g
made in Wine, it ought to be White Port Wine :
it cleanfes, fweetens and purifies the Blood and
Juices of the Body, provokes Urine, and helps to'
break the Stone in the Bladder, and to abate the
Water in a Dropfy, to wit, in an Anafdrca, being
drank Morning, Noon and Night, oroftner, half a
pint at a time. It provokes the Terms, and is good
againft Pains of the Mother or Womb, more efpe-
cially, if; befides taking it inwardly, it be injelted
up, and the Region of the Womb be alfo bathed
therewith warm. It is good alfo to wafh all forts
of foul and nafty Ulcers of the Gums, Month and
Throat, as alfo eating Cankers, for that it cleanfes,
drys and heals them. It opens Obftrultions, ami
provokes the Terms in Women : it alfo helps a
Sinking Breath, being drunk for fome time.

XIV. The Ponder. It is an excellent Remedy
for all running Sores, old Ulcers, Cankers, tho’
fpreading and eating, in any part of the Body ; it
Hops Putridity, cleanfes, drys and heals, doing what
it does without any thing of Heat or Sliarpnels. It
drys up the over much Moifture of Ulcers, and bv
its Aftringenr Quality, helps alt forts of lore
Mouths, and Ulcers in the fecret Parts. It is of an
inciding or cutting Quality, and therefore given to
one dram Morning and Night in a Glals of White
Port Wine, it provokes Urine and the Terms, and
helps fuch as are troubled with the Stone ; the De-
coition in Wine being drunk inwardly alfo at the
lame time.

XV. The Catap/afm . It is made of the Pouders
of the Roots, and Bay-berries, mixed in equal quan-
tities, and made up with Boys Urine. This being
laid upon the Belly of one that has the Droply, is
faid to help them very much, taking at the fame
time the Decoition inwardly oftentimes.

XVL The AJhes. They have the Virtues of the
Pouder, but are more fliarp, by reafon of the Salt
Mm2 contained-

268 Salmon s Herbal- Lib. I.

contained in them. Alpinus fays, that the Egypti-
ans did much ufe both the Fouder of the Roots, and
alio the Afhes of the fame, to cure Ulcers both of
the Mouth and fecret Parts.

XVII. T he Spirituous TmBure. Taken in the
Morning falling, as alfo an hour before Dinner, at
Four in the Afternoon, and at Bed-time to the
quantity of 2 drams, in Canary or other Wine, or
lbme other convenient Vehicle , it comforts ana
warms the Stomach, Brain, Nerves, Lungs, Womb
and BLood : and if it is taken for fome tune toge-
ther, it warms a cold Habit of Body, ftrengthens
the natural Faculties, fortifies the Heart and invigo-
rates the Spirits. T . n , •

XVIII. The Acid TmBure. It is a molt admira-
ble Stomatick, incides, opens, cleanfes, ftrengthens,
warms, comforts and reltores the Tone of the Sto-
mach and the other Vifcera. It provokes Urine and
the Courfes, is good againft the Stone, as alfo Vo-
miting, Sicknefs at Stomach, want of Appetite and
Indigeftion, and is good againft Catarrhs proceed-
ing from a cold and moilt Cattle. Dofe 30 or 40
drops, more or lels, to a pleafing Acidity. It gives
comfort to fuch, who, by long Sicknels, are much
fpent the whole Body being weak, the Stomach
profiigated , the Heart dejeUed, and the Spirits

alXIX.' The Oily TmBure. It comforts the Nerves,
and being outwardly bathed upon Parts affeUed with
Cramps, Convulfions, Numbnefs, Trembling, Palfy,
extream Coldnefs of any Part, Pains or Aches, Gout
or Sciatica from a cold Caufe, it cures them, being
conllantly ufed Morning and Night for fome confi-
derable time. It is good alfo to prevent Gangrens,
and cure the Contufions or Punftures of the Nerves,
immediately affwaging the Pain. Anointed on the
Head, it cures a Idead-ach from a cold Caufe. Gi-
ven inwardly Morning and Night from 15 to 30 or
40 drops, in White Port Wine or fome other fpeci-
fick Vehicle, it helps Crudities, warms and comforts
the Brain, Nerves, Stomach and Womb, expels
Wind from the Bowels, is good againft Barrennefs
from a cold and moift Caufe, prevails againft cold
Catarrhs, fortifies the Senfes, helps againft Coughs,
Colds, (hortnefs of Breath and difficulty of Breath-
ing. ’it provokes Urine and the Terms, is good a-
gainft Dropfies, and expels Sand, Gravel and other
Tartarous Matter out from the Reins, Ureters and
Bladder.

XX. The Saline TmBure. It gives eafe by bath-
ing therewith, in the Gout proceeding from a cold
Caufe. Inwardly taken, from 1 to 2 drams in fome
proper Vehicle, it is very Diuretick, provoking U-
rine, and expelling the Recrements of the Urinary
PalTages, as alfo Water in Dropfies.

CHAP. CLXXXVIII.

Of CYPRESS Mofs or Heath.

I. 'T' H E Karnes. It is called in Greek , Xa.ud.im-
X OTeiai©- • in Latin , Chamecypariffus, Cupref-
ftts, vel Cyprejfus pumila, (berbie nomen) Cupreffm
vel Cyprejjus mufeofm : in Englijh , Mofs Cyprefs,
or Heath Cyprefs.

II. T be Kinds. It is without doubt one of the
kinds of Mofs, and Singulars fui generis -, for which
Reafon Authors have called it alfo, Mufcus clavatus ,
miCupreJffortnis ; Mufcus clavatus fo/iis, Cupref-
fi Bauhint , Selago P/inii. , lib. 25. cap. 11. Savina
Sylvejiris Tragi, Chanuecyparijfus , Tabernmontam £5

Turner i ; and in Englijh it is not unfitly called.
Heath Cyprefs.

III. The Defcription. It has a fmall fibrous or
ftringy Root ; from whence firing up feveral Stalks ■,
fome rough and others naked, being hard and branch-
ed, with very Jhort and thick Leaves growing on
them , fomething refembling a Branch of the Cyprefs-
tree, and of a dark green color, bitter in Ta/le, but
without Smell. Prom the tops whereof fometitr.es
fpring forth fmall and foft /piked Heads, viz. fuch
Ears or Catkins at are thofe of the Club or Woolf
Claw Mofs, which are of a yellowijh color, and grow-
ing on fmall Poot-Jialks. This Herb is a low Plant,
and abides always green , both Winter and Summer.

IV. The Places. It grows in Woody and Moun-
tainous places, where they call it Wild Savin.

V. The Times. It flouriftres and is in its chief
Verdure in the Summer Months.

VI. The Qualities. It is temperate in refpecl of
Heat or Cold, Drying, Binding, Incarnative and
Vulnerary.

VII. The Specification. It is of fingular Ufe for
Ranching of Blood, and other Fluxes of Humors.

VIII. The Preparations. You may prepare there-
from, 1. A DecoBion in Red Wine. 2. A Spiritu-
ous TmBure. 3. A Pouder.

The Virtues.

IX. The DecoBion in Red Wine. It is very Afttin-
gent, flops Bleeding, and cures any Flux of the
Bowels, if it is recent. It alfo flops the overflow-
ing of the Terms in Women, and is good againft
fpitting and pifling Blood : Wounds and Ulcers
wafhed therewith, it drys and heals them.

X. The Spirituous TmBure. It ftrengthens the
Stomach, flops Vomiting and Fluxes of the Belly,
and gives eafe in griping Pains of the Bowels, and
flops the Loches in Women in Child-bed. Dofe
from 2 to 4 drams, Morning and Night, in Canary
or other fit Vehicle, as the Occafion requires.

XI. The Pouder. Inwardly given to one dram,

it

Chap. 189. Tinglijh Herbs.

269

it flops Fluxes and fpitting of Blood : outwardly
applied, it flops Bleeding in Wounds * and ftrewed
upon moift and running Ulcers, it cleanfes them,
drys up the Humidities, ftrengthens the Part and in-
duces the healing.

CHAP. CLXXXIX.

Of D A F F O D I L Broad-leav’d
fingle, one flowred.

I. np H E Names. It is called in Greek. , N^way©- :

X in Latin , Narcijfus and in Englijh , Daf-
fodil.

II. T be Kinds. It is divided into two principal
kinds, 1. Nttfxlor®- aV»0«<, Narcijfus verus , The true
or right Narciflus or Daffodil. 2. n^xiw©- ?o9©-,
Narcijfus noth us, Baftard Daffodil.

III. The true kind is genus to four other fub-

ordinate Species, viz. 1. Naf^da*©- irra.Tvipv\r©,
Narcijjus latifolius , Broad-leav’d. 2. s-h^uaa©-,
Anguftifolius , Narrow-leav’d. 3. 2%/va'Stif-, Junce-
us, Rufh Daffodil. 4. 'EaJJW x} 0etA<tw©-, ADr/-
jww, Sea Daffodil. And thefe four forts divide
themfelves again into eight other inferior Spe-
cies, viz. 1. Narcijjus l at if olius monanthos, fimplici
fiore , Broad-leav’d Daffodil, with one Angle Flower,
of which in this Chapter. 2. Narcijfus latifolius pofy-
cuithos fimplici fiore , Daffodil broad-leav’d, with many
Flowers, Angle-flowred, of which in Chap. 190. 3.
Narcijfus latifolius multiplici fiore , vel fiore plena,
Broad-leav’d Daffodil, with a double Flower, of
which in Chap. 191. 4. Narcijfus anguftifolius

fiore fimplici. Daffodil narrow-leav’d, with a Angle
Flower, of which in Chap. 192. y. Narcijfus an-
guftifolius fiore pleno. Daffodil narrow-leav’d, with
a double Flower, of which in Chap. 193. 6. Nar-
cijfus junceus fiore fimplici, Rufh Daffodil Angle-
tlowred, of which in Chap. 1 94. 7. Narcijfus jun-
ceus fiore multiplici, Rufh Daffodil double-flowred,
of which in Chap. 195. 8. Narcijfus marinus, vel
litoralis. Sea Daffodil, of which in Chap. 196. fol-
lowing.

IV. The Baftard kind is genus to four other fub-
ordinate Species, viz. 1. ■swWjx/aj©- tac^tusi/aa©-,
Tfeudonarciffus latifolius, Baftard Narciflus broad-
leav’d. 2. 'ytvJbvcjpuiajQ- rsvopuAA©-, Tfeudonarciffus
anguftifolius, Baftard Daftodil narrrow-leav’d. 3.
'Zycnuln, Junceus, Ballard Rufh Daffodil. 4. 0it.

Marinus, Baftard Sea Daftodil. And thefe
four forts divide themfelves again into Ax other in-
ferior Species, viz. 1. Tfeudonarciffus latifolius fim-
plici fiore, Baftard Daffodil broad-leav’d Angle-
flowred, of which in Chap. 197. 2. Tfeudonarciffus
latifolius fiore pleno, Baftard Daffodil broad-leav’d
double-flowred, of which in Chap. 198. 3. Tfeu-

donarciffus anguftifolius fiore fimplici, Baftard Daf
fodil narrow-leav’d Angle-flowred, of which in Chap.
199. 4. Tfeudonarciffus anguftifolius fiore multipli-
ci, Baftard Daffodil narrow-leav’d double-flowred,
of which in Chap. 200. 5. Tfeudonarciffus junceus.
Baftard Rufh Daffodil, of which in Chap. 201. 6.
Tfeudonarciffus marinus, Baftard Sea Daffodil, ol
which in Chap. 202. following.

V. Thefe are the moft general Heads of Daffodils :
the particular Species of each are manifold, all
which we will not promife to treat of in this Work •,
but the moft noted finguldrs under each Head, we
fhall difcourfe of^ with what Brevity is poflible, foi
the fakes of fuch as are Thrifts, or Lovers of a

Mower-Garden. Thofe then which we are to treat
r V r l11S ^apter, are the Aril of the aforenamed
lub-fubordinate Species, viz. Narcijfus latifolius
monanthos fimplici fiore. Daffodil broad-leav’d Angle-
flowred, having but one Flower upon a Stalk, and
fometimes by Accident but two Flowers at moft.

VI. Authors make about twenty four Angular
kinds of this we fhall only defcribe twenty of the
moft ufual, viz. 1. Narcijfus latifolius omnium ma-
ximus, amplo calice fiavo, five incomp arabilis vel
nompareille , The incomparable or great none-fuch
Daffodil. 2. Narcijfus omnium maximus fiore Lf
Calice fiavo. The incomparable great y ellow Daffo-
dil. 3. Narcijfus grifeus maximus calice fiavo. The
gray peerlefs Daftodil. 4. Narcijfus latifolius fiore
fiavo, amplo calice. The lefler yellow nompariil,
with a large Cup. 9. Narcijfus Indicus fiore rubro,
ditfus Jacobxus, The Weft Indian Daftodil, with a
red Flower. 6. Narcijfus Trapezunticus fiore lu-
teo pracocijfimus. The early Daffodil of Trebizond.

7. Narcijfus albus pr.ecox minor oblongo calice hit eo.
The fmall early white Daffodil, with a long Cup.

8. Narcijfus palhdus pTcccox oblongo calice fiavo. The
early Straw-color’d Daftodil, with a long yellow
Cup. 9. Narcijfus albus ferotinus major oblongo ca-
lice luteo. The great late-flowering white Daffodil,
with a long yellow Cup. 10. Narcijjus pallidus fe-
rotinus oblongo calice fiavo. The late Straw-color’d
Daffodil, with a long yellow Cup. n. Narcijfus
albus ferotinus oblongo calice fiavo, duobus fioribus in
caule. The late white Daffodil, with a long Cup,
and two Flowers bn a Stalk. 1 2. Narcijjus medio-
luteus vulgaris. The common Englifh white Daffo-
dil. 13. Narcijfus mediocroceus ferotinus. The late-
flowering white Daffodil. 14. Narcijfus medio
purpureus pracox, The early purple-ringed Daffodil.
17. Narcijfus medio purpureus ferotinus. The late
purple-ringed Daffodil. 16. Narcijfus medio pur-
pureus maximus, The great white purple-ringed
Daftodil. 17. Narcijfus medio purpureus ft e liar is,
Theftarry purple-ringed Daffodil. 18. Narcijjus
Terficus, The Perflan Daffodil. 19. Narcijjus Au-
tumnal is major. The greater Autumn or Winter Daf-
fodil. 20. Narcijjus Autumnalis minor. The lefler
Autumn or Winter Daffodil.

VII. The

270 Salmon V 'Herbal. Lib. I.

VII. The Delcripcions. Tbeji/j l, Incomparable,
Nompareille, or None-fuch Daffodil, ha* a great
bulbous Root , cut large cut other Daffodils, which bear
large blowers , which is covered over with a brownifh
Coat or Skin •, from whence comes three or four long
and broad Leaves , of a greyifh green color -, among
which rifes up a Stalk two feet or more high , at top
whereof , out of a thin skinny Husk , which all Daf-
fodils have, comes forth one large fingle Flower ,
( commonly no more ) confifting of fix very pale , yel-
low, large Leaves, the bottom whereof , next unto the
Stalk, is narrow and round, rifing wider to the
Mout h , which is very large and open, and unevenly
cut in or dented about the edges. The Cali ce or Cup
much refembles one of our old Silver Beakers, with a
narrow bottom, and a wide Mouth. The Flower be-
ing paft, there comes fometimes (tho not often) a
round green Head, and a black round Seed therein,
like to other Daff odils, but greater. This Riant does
fometimes bring forth a Flower with ten or twelve
Leaves, and a Cup much larger, as if it was two,
and as the Flower feems to be.

VIII. The fecond, or Incomparable great yellow
Daffodil, differs nothing in Form, Magnitude or
manner of Growing, but only in the Color of the cir-
cling Leaves of the Flower, which are of the fame
yellow color with the Cup. This fometimes degene-
rates, and alfo grows Luxurious, bringing forth two
blowers upon a Stalk, each diftinff from other, and
fometimes two Flowers thrujl together, as if they
i were but one, but this is very rare. This Riant is a
peculiar Riant, not conftant to its kind, nor abiding
yearly in the fame Form.

IX. The third, or Grey peerlefs Daffodil, is
wholly like to the two former in Root , Leaf, Stalk
and blower , five that the Leaves are fomewhat
greater, and the fix outward Leaves of the Flower
are of a glittering whit if) grey color, and the Cup
yellow as the former, but larger.

X. The fourth, or Leffer yellow Nompareil, has,
from a bulbous Root, Leaves rifing fomewhat like to
thofe of the firf kind, but not altogether fo long or
broad : the Stalk rifes not all out Jo high, and bears
but one blower, like the former, which Is leffer -, and
both Cup and Leaves are of one color, of a pale yellow,
yet more yellow than the other : the Cup is alfo a
little leffer, and a little differing , neither fully fG
fmall in the bottom, nor fo large at the edges, nor fo
crumpled at the brims, fo that thefe Differences
fhew, that it is man if eft ly of a quite differing kind
from the others.

XI. The fifth, or Weft Indian Daffodil, bat a
round large bulbed Root, of a brownifh color on the
out fide, and white within, which fends forth feveral
broad Leaves, fomewhat like to the Common white
Daffodil, of a greyifh green color • from the fides of
which, as from the middle of them, r ife up fometimes
two Stalks together, but moff ufually one after ano-
ther, ( for it oftentimes flowers twice in a Summer )
and often alfo but one Stalk alone, which is of a faint
reddifh color, about a foot high or more •, at the top
whereof, out of a deep red Skin or Husk, comes forth
one blower, bending downwards, confijhng of fix long
Leaves, without any Cup in the middle, of an excel-
lent red color, tending to a crimfon : three of thefe
Leaves, which turn upwards, are fomewhat larger
than the three which hang downwards , having fix
Threads or Chives in the middle, tipt with yellow
Rendents, and a three-forked Stile longer than the
reft, and turning the end thereof again. This Al-
dinus, Cardinal Farnefius bis Rhyfician , fays, that
at Rome it rofe up with Stalks of blowers before any
Leaves appeared.

XII. The fixth , or Early Daffodil of Trebizond,
has a bulbous Root , but not very great, blackifh on

the outftde, and yellow under that blackifh or out -
wardmoft Coat, fo very like to the Autumn Daffodil,

( excepting for that Tellownefs ) that they may eafily
be miftaken one for another : it has three or four ve-
ry fhort green Leaves, very like to the Leaves of the
Autumn Daffodil, excepting that thefe are not fo
broad or fo long, nor fpring up in Autumn. In the
midft of thefe Leaves rifes up a fhort green Stalk,
four, five or fix inches high, bearing at the lop, out
of a whit ifh thin Skin, ftriped with green, one Flower
a little bending downwards, confifting of fix Leaves,
laid open almoft in the fame manner with the former
Weft Indian Daffodil, of which fome do a little turn
up their Points , of a fair pale yellow color, having
fix white Chives within , tipt with yellow Rendents,
and a longer Rointel.

XIII. The f eventh, or Small early white Daffodil,
has a bulbous Root of a moderate largenefs, yet leffer
than the Roots of the later kinds -, from whence
fpring Leaves broad, very green, and not whit ifh,
as others, three or four Jlanding together , about a
foot long or better 5 among which rifes up a green
Stalk, not full fo high as the Leaves, bearing one
blower at top thereof, of an indifferent bignefs, but
not fo great as the later kinds , which follow after,
confifting of fix whit ifh Leaves, but not perfctl white,
rather of a Cream color, and of a good fweet Smell.
In the middle is a long yellow Cup, half an inch long
or better.

XIV. The eighth , or Early St raw- color'd Daffo-
dil, from a bulbous Root has green Leaves, as the for-
mer, but much narrower ■, the Leaves of the blowers
are more enclining to yellow, but yet very pale , as if
of a light Straw color , feeming to be a little more
narrow, and pointed, as the former : the Cup is long
and yellow, and the Smell fweet, like the la ft.

XV. The ninth, or Great late- flowring white
Daffodil, has a moderately large bulbous Root, co-
vered rather with a pale than blackifh Skin -, from
whence come greyifh or whit ifh green-color' d Leaves,
fomewhat narrow and long -, among which fprings up
a Stalk half' a yard high , bearing one blower at top,
made of fix white Leaves, having the Cup in toe
middle , as long as the former, and of a deep yellow.
The edges of the Cup are fometimes plain , fometimes
a little crumpled, and often circled at the brims with
a Saffron color, and often alfo without it, the Smell
of which is very pleafant. This Flower fometimes
alters its Form into eight Leaves, which being nar-
row and long, feem like a white Star, comparing a
yellow Trunk.

XVI. TI)e tenth, or Late Straw- color’d Daffodil,
has a bulbous Root , with Leaves and Stalk like the
laft, but the chief difference is in the color of the top
of the Flower, for that this is of a more yellow color,
and a little larger than it, and the brims or edges of
the Cup are of a deeper yellow or Saffron color -, the
Smell of this being no lefts fweet than the former.

XVII. The eleventh, or Late white Daffodil, two
Flowers on a Stalk, alt ho' it is very like to the fo/'-
mer , yet is certainly a kind of it felf. It is conflant
in its manner and form of Flowering, commonly bear-
ing, without miffing, two Flowers upon a Stalk, very
like unto the former great kind, fo that no difference
feems to be between them, but in the Duality of the
blowers on one Stalk -, the Cups of which have J e Ido m
any touch of a Saffron color on their edges, as fome
of the former have.

XVIII. The twelfth, or Common Englifh white
Daffodil, ( called alfo Primrofe Peerlefs) has a mo-
derate large bulbed Root, cncreafing more than a bet-
ter Riant, from whence fpring long limber broad
Leaves, of a greyifh green color -, among which rifes
up a Stalk, bearing at its top, out of a skinny Husk,
fometimes but one blower, but mo ft commonly two,

Jeldom

Chap. 189. ‘Englijh Herbs. 271

feldom three , ( but larger for the moft part than any
which bear many flowers upon a Stalk) of a pale
whitifb Cream color , near to that of a pale rrimrofe,
noth' a Small round flat Crown , rather than a Cup,
in the middle, of a pale yellow color, with fome pale
Chives Ji ending therein, and of a pretty fweet
Smell.

XIX. The thirteenth, or Late-flowering white
Daffodil, has a bulbous Root, like the former, but
the Leaves are Jhorter, and the Stalk rifes not fo
high by much, and bears but one flower, of a pure
white color, made of fix /mail Leaves, and Something
narrow, ft ending Severally one from another, and
not Jo clofe together as the former, but appearing
like a Star ; the Cup is fmall and round, oj a pale
yellow-color, but Saffron like about the brims, having
fix fmall pale Chives in the middle, the Smell of
which is much fweeter than the former.

XX. The fourteenth, or Early purple-ringed Daf-
fodil, from a bulbous Root, has many long greyifh
green Leaves, fomewbat narrower and ftiffer than
the former Common white Daffodil, among which
rifes up a long naked hollow Stalk, (as all other Daf-
fodils have ) bearing at the top one flower, (feldom
two ) confifting of fix long white Leaves, J. landing
clofe together about the Stalk : the Cup is yellow,
and fo flat, that it might rather be called a Crown,
for it funds very clofe to the middle, and very open
at the brims, circled with a reddijh or purple color'd
Ring, having alfo feveral Chives in the middle of it,
whofe Smell is very fweet, exceeding feveral other

' XXI. The fifteenth, or Late purple-ringed Daf-
fodil, from a bulbous Root , greater than the /aft,
has Leaves broader than it, fome being near twice as
broad. The flower is like the former , being large,
and its Leaves funding clofe, one to the fides of ano-
ther. The Ring alfo, which compajfes the yellow Co-
ronet, is Sometimes of a paler reddijh purple , and
Sometimes of as deep a red as the former, from which
it differs not any thing elfe , but in the time of flow-
ering, which is not until the other is pafl and gone :
the Smell is J'weet, like the former.

XXII. The Sixteenth, or Great white purple-ringed
Daffodil, has a bulbous Root , greater than the for-
mer, as alfo its Leaves and flowers , the largenefs of
which makes it only to differ from the lafl, and to be
a diflinli kind, it flowering with the later of the
Purple-ringed Daffodils.

XXIII. The Seventeenth, or Starry purple-ringed
Daffodil, from a bulbed Root, has a little narrower
and greener Leaves than the former kinds : the
flower has fix white Leaves, not fo broad, but nar-
rower, and feeming longer than they, not clofing to-
gether, but /landing apart one from another, making
it feem like a white Star : it has alfo a yellow Coro-
net in the middle, circled about with purple, like the
former , fuelling fweet, but nothing fo fweet as the
Early purple-ringed Daffodil.

XXIV. The eighteenth, or Perfian Daffodil, has
a bulbous Root, a little blackifh on the out fide, fome-
mhat like the Root of the Autumn Daffodil following,
from this Root rijes up a naked Stalk about a foot
high, bearing one pale yellow flower, breaking thro ’
a thin Skin, which fitjl enclofed it, compofed of fix
Leaves, the three outermoji being a little larger than
the reft, and having in its middle fix fmall Chives,
and a larger Point el, of an unpleafant Smell. After
the flower is paft, the Leaves come up, fometimes
before Winter , but moft ufualty after the deep of
Winter is paft, in the beginning oj the Lear, which
are broad, long, and of a pale green color , like the
Leaves of other Daffodils, but. not green, as the Au-
tumn Daffodil is -, they alfo twine themfelves a lit-
tle, as fome of the Pancratium or Ballard Sea Dafl

fodils do. This differs from all other kinds of Daf-
fodils in its manner of Growing , for it has never
Leaves and flowers at one time together, wherein it
is like unto a Colchicum, but in Root and Leaf it is
a Daffodil.

XXV. The ninteenth, or Greater Autumn Daf-
fodil, has a Root great and round, covered over with
a blackifh Skin, from whence rife up three or four
fair broad and Jhort Leaves at firjl, but afterwards
they grow longer, and of a very deep green color -, in
the middle of which rifes up a Jhort Ji ff round foot-
Jlalk, bearing one fair yellow flower, enclofed at firft
in a thin Skin or Husk, and compofed of fix Leaves,
as the former, with feveral Chives in the middle, as
moft other Daffodils have, which pafs away without
any appearance of Seed, or Head for Seed, tho' un-
der the Head there is a little green Knot , which pof-
fibly might contain and bear Seed, if the Clime was
warm and friendly enough, or our Jharp Winters did
not hinder it.

XXVI. The twentieth, or Leffer Autumn Daffo-
dil, has a Root like the former, but leffer, and co-
vered with a like b/ackijh Skin ; from whence fpring
forth deep green-color’ d Leaves, as in the lajl, but
fmaller and narrower, a little hollow in the middle ;
and after them the Stalk and flower, which is leffer
than the other, and a little paler, confifting in fix
fuch like Leaves, narrow and Jharp-pointed. Clufi-
us fays, that the flowering of this Daffodil is more
like to the Perfian Daffodil at feet. 23. above, than
to the former Great Autumn kind ; tho ' with us it
feems to imitate the latter or Great Autumn moft, in
fending forth its Leaves firft, then its Stalk and
flowers.

XXVII. The Places. Whence the firft, fecond,
third and fourth firft came, is now unknown : the
fifth the Title (hews came out of the Weft Indies ,
and was firft brought into Spain, and from thence
it was fent to us , and into feveral other parts of
Europe : the fixth came from Conftaminople or Tra -
pezuntia : the feventh, eighth, ninth, tenth and ele-
venth are Natives of the Pyrenean Mountains, from
whence they have been brought to us : the twelfth
is faid to grow naturally in England , and is plenti-
ful enough in all Country Gardens : the Original of
the thirteenth is unknown : the fourteenth, Jixteenth
and feventeenth are T urkifh Plants, and came to us
from Conftaminople : the fifteenth grows in many
places of Europe, as in Prance, Germany and Italy ,
as Clufnts has faid : the eighteenth grows in Perfiut
and Turkey, and came to us from Conftaminople :
the nineteenth and twentieth are alfo Turkijh Plants,
and were fent to us from that Metropolis. Now,
by Tranlplanting and great Care, they are made De-
nizons, if not Natives, with us, and are to be
found in moll Gardens of our Great and Exact
florijls.

XXVIII. The Times. The firft, fecond, third mi.
fourth flower in March , but moll in April : the
fifth flowers in June and July : the fixth flowers in
December, if the former part of the Winter has
been mild ; but moft ufually in the end of January,
or in the beginning, middle or end of February : the
feventh, eighth, ninth, tenth and eleventh flower in
the latter end of March and thio’ the Month of
April : the twelfth flowers about the middle or end
of April : the thirteenth flowers in May : the four-
teenth flowers early in March : the fifteenth, fif-
teenth and feventeenth flower about the middle or
end of April : the eighteenth, nineteenth and twen-
tieth flower about the end of September and in
OUober.

XXIX. The Qualities. They are hot and dry
in the firft Degree ; Attractive, Glutinative, V ulne-
rary, Emetick and Arthritick.

XXX. The

27 2 Salmon’ s Herbal.

Lib. I.

XXX. The Specification. They have been found
bv Experience to be good againft Coughs, Afthma’s
and Colicks.

XXXI. The Preparations. The Root is only in
Hie, and therefrom you may have, i. A liquid
juice. ?. A Lohoch. 3. An EJJence. 4. An Oint-
ment or Balfam. 5. A Cat aplafm. 6. A Mix-
ture.

The Virtues.

XXXII. The liquid juice. Taken to 2, 3 or 4
ounces, or more, according to Age and Strength^ it
caufes Vomiting, and very much cleanles the Sto-
mach by that means, caufing a good Appetite and
Digeftion. It may be mixed with White Wine,
and taken in the Mornbig failing, and fo it is good
againft the Colick.

XXXIII. The Lohoch. It is made of the Juice,
mixt with half its weight of Honey. It is good a-
gainft Coughs, Colds, Hoarfenefs, Wheezings, fhort-
nels of Breath and difficulty of Breathing. Dole
1 fpoonful at a time, twice or thrice a day : or it
may be often taken with a Liquorice Stick.

XXXIV. The EJJence. It wonderfully cleanfes,
dries and heals : it conglutinates or glews ihe
Mouths of great Wounds together, yea, lncifions of
the Veins, Arteries, Nerves and Tendons •, the
Wound being walhed therewith, and Lint dipt
therein, being bound thereon.

XXXV. The Balfam or Ointment. It is Angular
againft Burnings or Scaldings, whether with Fire,
Water, Oil, Gun-powder, Pitch, &c. It cleanfes
old Ulcers, dries and heals them : and being appli-
ed to green Wounds, it confolidates or joins their
Lips together, and quickly heals them. It alfo
draws forth Pricks, Thorns, Splinters or other like
things gotten into the Flefh.

XXXVI. The Cataplafm. If it is beaten and
made up with Honey, and applied Emplafter-wife,
it is cleinfing and attractive, cures Burnings and
Scaldings, and conglutinates Sinews which are cut
afunder : and fo applied to Strains or Wrenches of
the Wrifts or Ankles, or Joints pained with the
Gout, it gives Relief. If to the Cataplafm Meal
or Flower of Darnel is added, it becomes very at-
tractive, and draws forth Thorns, Splinters, tf?c. out
of the Flefh •, and applied upon Sun-burnings and
Morphew, it takes them away. The Root made
into a Cataplafm with Hogs-Lard and Rye-Bread,
it haltens the Suppuration of Apoftems, even of
thole which are not eafily ripenned.

XXXVII. The Mixture. It is made of the Juice
mixt with an equal quantity of White Wine Vine-
gar, and an eighth part of Nettle Seed in pouder.
It is good to remove Defcedations of the Skin, as
Scurff, Morphew, Tanning, Yellownefs, Brownnefs,
Pimples, Freckles, Lentils, Tettars, Ringworms,
and other like AffeCfs molefting the fame.

CHAP. CXC.

(^DAFFODIL broad-leav’d fingle,
many-flowred.

I.'T' H E Names. It is called in Greek,

8 irr&Tvyvhh.®' m\va.v^n( cL-ttk SV : in Latin , Nar-
c iff its loti joints Polyanthus fore Jimphci : in Englijh ,
Daffodil broad-leav’d many-flowred fingle.

II. The Kinds. There are about fifteen kinds of

thefe many-flowred fingle, viz. 1 . Narciffus Afri -
canus aureus major , Daffodil the greater yellow
African. 2. Narciffus Africanus aureus minor , Daf-
fodil the lefler yellow African. 3. Narciffus By-
zantinus tot us luteus , The yellow T urkey Daffodil.
4. Narciffus fulphureus major , The greater Limon-
color’d Daffodil. 5. Narciffus fulphureus minor ,
The lefler Limon-color’d Daffodil. 6. Narciffus
tot us albus polyanthos , The many flowred Milk-
white Daffodil. 7. Narciffus latifolius totus albus ,
mediocri calice reflex us. The Milk-white Daffodil
with the great Cup. 8. Narciffus Narbonenfts me-
dio luteus pracox , The early Narbone Daffodil. 9.
Narciffus Narbonenfts vulgaris , The common French
Daffodil. 1 o. Narciffus Narbonenfts major flore am-
plo. The Narbone Daffodil with great Flowers. 11.
Narciffus Pifanus, The Italian Daffodil. 12. Nar-
ciffus medio croceus polyanthos. The French Daffodil
with Saffron-color’d Cups. 13. Narciffus medio
croceus alter. The other Saffron-color’d Daffodil.
14. Narciffus Anglicus polyanthos. The great Eng-
lifh Daffodil. 15. Narciffus Narbonenfls medio lu-
teus ferotinus major & minor , The late-flowering
Narbone Daffodil, greater and lefler.

III. The Defcriptions. The flrfl, or Great yel-
low African, ( a noble and ftately Flower ) has a great
bulbous Root, covered with a blackifh Skin ■, from
whence fpring many very long and broad Leaves, of
a better green than many others, in the midff of which
comes up a Stalk, not rifling fo high as the Leaves >
bearing at the top, out of a skinny Husk, many fair,
goodly and large Flowers, ten or twelve in number, if
the Root is well grown , and it grows in a warm
place, each Flower being larger than any of the French,
Spanifh or Turkey Daffodils, which bear many fingle
Flowers on a Stalk ( this coming near to the large-
nefs of our Englifh Daffodil ( in chap. 189. fe£L 18.)
before deferibed, or the French deferibed at fed. 1 2.
following, which indeed is alfo a kind of our Englifh
at fed. 1 6. of this chap, but bearing more Flowers : )
Thefe Flowers are of a fair fhining color, having
large, found and open Cups or Bowls , yellower than

the

Chap. 1 90. ‘Engltjh ‘Herbs.

273

the outward Leaves , and of fo exceeding fweet a
Smelly that it is almoft ready to overcome , at leaf
fatiate the Senfes.

IV. The fecond , or Leffer yellow African, is al-
moft the fame with the former, but wants fomewhat
of its fately Height , Largenefs of its Flowers and
Cup , and Beauty of Color , it being of a paler yellow,
and is in all thofe ref pells inferior to it -, nor is its
fweet Smell altogether fo firong.

V. The third , or Yellow Turkey Daffodil, althd
from its bulbous Root it has very long Leaves , and
a high Stalk , yet it comes Jhort of the Beauty of that
which was la ft dcfcribed for in this the Flowers
are not fo many , not being above four or five , nor fo
large , being not much greater than the Common
French Daffodil at feft. 1 1 .following, nor oj fo fair
a color , but much paler -, nor having a Cup fo large ,
this being manife ftly fmaller -, nor of fo ftrong or
fweet a Smell , this being alfo weaker.

VI. The fourth , or Greater Limon-color’d, from
an indifferent large bulbous Root , has three or four
very long and green Leaves , half a yard long at leafl ■,
among which rifes up a round , yet crefled Stalk , not
fo high as the Leaves , bearing five or fix Jingle
Flowers thereon , every one of them being greater
than the Common French Daffodil at left. n. fol-
lowing, or the Italian at feft. 13. they are of a faint ,
yet pleafant yellow color at Hr ft , but when they have
been in flower a Fortnight , or thereabouts , change
into a deeper yellow. The Cup in the middle is alfo
larger than in thofe aforegoing , and of a deeper yel-
low color than the other Leaves , having only three
Chives within it • and is of a very pleafant Smell.

VII. The fifths or Leffer Limon-color’d, from its

bulbous Root hew broader and fhorter Leaves than
the former , not green like them , but of the color oj
other Daffodils. The Stalk rifes up higher than the
Leaves , bearing four or five Flowers upon fhorter
Foot-ftalks , and no bigger than the Common French
Daffodil, of a pale yellow , which forne call a Brim-
ftone color : the Cup , or rather Crown in the middle ,
is finally and broad open , of a little deeper yellow ,
having many Chives within it , /> were, Jpr ink-

led over with a kind of Mealinefs. It is not full
out of fo fweet a Smell as the former.

VIII. The fixth , or Many-llowred Milk-white,
has its bulbous Root covered over with a blackifh
Skin -, from whence fpring Leaves of a mean fize ,
both for length and breadth , greener than the ordina-
ry forts , which have fome Whitenefs in them. The
Flowers are many upon the Stalky as fmall for the
moft part as any of thefe kinds which bear many to-
gether, being wholly of a Milk , or rather of a Snow
white color , as well the Cup , which is f inally as the
outward Leaves , which encompafs it : after which
come finall Heads , in which is contained round black
Seed , as all other Daffodils have, but fome greater,
fome leffer , according to the Magnitude of the Plants.
The Smell of this is very fweet.

IX. The feventh, or Milk-white with the great
Cup, is threefold, 1. One which has its Leaves
fome vT at broader , and the Flowers greater than the
former. 2. Another which has its Leaves fmaller,
and its Flowers alfo, whofe Cups are likew'ife fmall,
and are never feen fully open, but as it were half
clofed at the brims. 3. Another fort , whofe Leaves
are as broad as any of the leffer forts, and whofe Cup
in the middle of the Flower is fome thing larger than
in any of the leffer kinds, but leffer than in the great-
er kinds -, the Leaves of whofe Flowers do a little
turn the mf elves upwards, from whence it is called
Reflexus. Thefe are ufually called Narciffus totus
albus polyanthos, major, medius, minor, according
as the differences are.

X. The eighth , or Early Narbone, has from its

bulbous Root, which is great. Leaves fpringing up a
Month or two before the following kind, being alfo
fhorter and narrower. The Stalk is not very high,
bearing feveral Flowers at the top, breaking thro ’ a
thin Skin, as is common with the Daffodils, every
one of which is fmall, confifting of fix white Leaves,
and a fmall yellow Cup in the middle, of a pleafant
fweet Smell, but nothing fo ftrong as many others.
The Root of this feldom parts into off fets, as all the
following do, which bear many jingle blowers.

XI. The ninth, or Common trench Daffodil, has
its bulbous Root covered with a blackifh Skin, from
which fpring long and broad green Leaves, a little
hollowifh in the middle , and edged on both fide s : the
St alk is about half a yard high, bearing on its top fe-
veral Flowers , fomewhat larger than the former, con-
fifting of fix white Leaves, fome thing round. The
Cup is yellow in the middle, fmall and round, like
unto an Acorn Cup, or a little fuller in the midft.
This is the Defer ipt ion of thofe which came to us
firft out of France ; but with us I think they either
degenerate or alter in Form, making in fome the Cup
fhorter, in others flatter, and fome longer than the
reft fome of a paler and fome of a deeper yellow color.

XII. The tenth, or Narbone with great Flowers,
has a Root not fo great or round as the former, but
is more plentiful in Off -fets than any other of the
French or Italian kinds. The Leaves are almoft like
the laft, not full out fo broad, but full out as long,
fpring fooner out of the Ground, yet not fo early as
the eighth at feft. 10. aforegoing. The Stalk is flat-
ter and rifes higher, bearing four or five Flowers,
much larger than any of this kind, every one equal-
ling the FngiAh Daffodil (in cap. 189. left. 17.) but
whiter than it, and the yellow Cup larger and more
open than in any of the reft.

XIII. The eleventh, or Italian Daffodil, from its
bulbous Root has Leaves as large or larger than the
Common French at feft. 1 1. above -, but its Stalk is
fomewhat higher , bearing many white Flowers, very
like to the faid Common French, but a little larger,
as is alfo the yellow Cup in the middle, and rounder
than is commonly feen in any of /ta French kinds
except the Narbone with great'Flowers at feft. 1 2!
above.

XIV. The twelfth, or French many-flowred, with
Saffron-colored Cups, has a bulbous Root, Leaves of
a greyifh green color, not fo broad or fo long as the
Italian, but coming nearer to the Common French.
The Flowers are white, and many upon a Stalk : the
yellow Cup is fomewhat large, and circled with a
Saftron like brim or edge, which indeed makes the
chief eft difference.

XV. The thirteenth , or Other Saffron-color’d,
has alfo a bulbous Root, from whence fpring Leaves
large and long -, in the midft of which grows up a
Stalk, bearing at its top feveral white Flowers, which
are larger than any of the other French, except the
Narbone with great Flowers at feft. 1 2. above j but
the Cup is fmall and Jhort, rather feeming a Coronet
than a Cup , of a deep Saffron color all about the
brims or edges.

XVI. The fourteenth, or Great Englifh Daffodil,
has a bulbous Root , from whence fpring Leaves noi
much broader or longer than the Narbone with great
Flowers at feft. 1 2 above. The Stalk with the Flow-
ers rifes not fully fo high as it, bear big many Flowers
thereon, not altogether fo white, yet whiter than the
Common Englifh (in cap. 189. feft. 17.) but nothing
fo large, and wiih jhort, broad, and almoft round
Leases, ft ending clofe one unto another. The yel-
low Cup in the middle is Bowl-fajhicn , fomewhat
deeper than in any of the former , but not much-
greater -, and the Smell thereof is very fweet and
pleafant.

N ft XVII. The

rs n a

~ J T

Salmon V ‘Herbal. Lib. 1.

XVII. The fifteenth, or Narbone late-flowering,
greater and Idler. The greater has its Root , as well
as its Leaves , greater , larger , broader and. longer
than any of the other former French, Narbone or Ita-
lian kinds. The Stalk is as high as any of them , bear-
ing at top five or fix white blowers, Jlanding open
Jpread , like a Star , and riot clofe together , every one
whereof is large , aW round-pointed. The Cup is yel-
low, Jmall and Jhort , yet not lying flat to the blower ,
but a little Jlanding out , w/V/j Threads in the
middle , ax a// the former Daflodils fottf. This is
not fo fweet fronted as the earlier kinds be. The
Idler differs not from the former , but only that it is
every way leffer , aW /fo Cup in the middle of the
blower is yet Jhort er than it.

XVIII.' The Places. The firjl and fecond grow in
Barb ary, about Algier and Fi?^, as fome, who have
been in thole Parts, relate : the third grows in Tur-
key, about Conjlantinople : the fourth and fifth have
been brought to us from the Pyrenean Mountains,
as alfo out of Italy : the fixlh and feventh grow in
Spain, in the Southern Parts of brance, as alfo at
Conflantinople : the eighth, ninth , tenth , twelfth,
thirteenth and fifteenth grow in Prance, as about
Montpelier : the eighth and ninth grow alfo natural-
ly in many places in Spain , which are open to the
Sea •, as alfo in Turkey : the tenth is a Native of
Italy, growing about Rif a in Tufcany r the four-
teenth is accounted in Foreign Nations, as a Native
of England. However, being brought to us from
their native Places, they are nurs’d up here by the
curious Florift only in Gardens, where they flourifh
well.

XIX. The Times. The firfl, fecond and third,
after they have been accuftomed to our Climate,
llower very early, even with the firjl fort of Daffo-
dils ■, but many times upon their hrlt bringing over,
they flower in January or February, if the Seafoij is
mild and warm, becaufe they are tender Plants, and
foon perilh by being left abroad : the fourth and
fifth Power in April : the fixth and feventh flower
earlier in Turkey than the others ^ fo alfo after ac-
cuflomed to our Air, where they flower in the end
of March, or in April : the eighth flowers earlier
than the reft by a Month, viz. in the beginning of
March, or earlier, if the Weather is mild : the
ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth flower
in April, fome of them a little one before another :
the fourteenth and fifteenth flower not till May.

XX. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations
and Virtues, are much the fame with thole in Chap.
189. aforegoing, to which I referr you.

CHAP. CXCI.

Of DAFFODIL broad-lea v’d ,
double flowred.

I a-|-i yy £ jfan2eS' js called in Greek, N«?x/ar©-

JL ■zra.7vjv?.i<Q- mrict'xro0- . in Latin, A arc iff us
lalifolius mult ip/ici fiore, ve/fiore pleno : in Englifh,
Daffodil broad-leaved, double-flowred.

II. 'The Kinds. There are fix feveral forts of
this, vis. 1. A arciffus alb us multiplex. The double
white Daffodil. 2. A arciffus medio purpure us mul-
tiplex, The double purple-ring’d Daffodil. 3. Kar-
el if us medio luteus corona duplici , The double
Crown’d Turkey Daffodil. 4. Karciffus Chalcedo-
nicus fiore pleno albo poly anthos. The double white
Daffodil, with many Flowers. 5. Karciffus Chal-

cedonicus fimbntus multiplex polyanthos , The great
double many-flowred purple-ring'd Daffodil of Con-
Itantinople. 6. Karciffus Cyprius fiore pleno luteo
polyanthos , The many-flowred double yellow Daf-
fodil of Cyprus.

III. The Defcriptions. T hefirfl, or Double pur-
ple-ring’d, from a bulbous Root has Leaves not very
broad, but of a mean fize, of the fame Largenefs of
the Purple-ring’d Daffodil following. The Stalk
rifes up to half a yard high, bearing at top thereof
one blower, and no more, confifling of many Leaves ,
of a fair white color : The blower is larger than of
any other Double white Daffodil, having every Leaf,
efpecially the outermofl, as large almofl as any Leaf
of the Single Daffodil with the yellow Cup, or
purple Ring. Sometimes the blower is very little
double, and almofl Jingle, but then it is either in a
bad Ground, or it has flood long in the place without
removing •, for then it has fuch a great encreafe of
Roots, that they draw away the Nourifhment, to the
f polling of the blower : but if you tranfplant it, ta-
king away the Off-fets , and Jet the Root Jingle, it
will thrive, and bear a goodly double blower, and of
a very fweet Smell.

IV. The fecond, or Double purple-ring’d, from a
bulbed Root has broad Leaves fpring up, little dif-
fering from the Leaves of the Single purple-ring’d,
it being probably of the fame Species. The Flower
( being fometimes but one on a Stalk, and fometimes
two) confifls of fix white outer Leaves, as large as
the Leaves of the Single kind, having many Jmall
yellow pieces, edged with purple Circles round about
them, inflead of a Cup : and in the midfl of thefe
pieces fland fix other white Leaves, lejfer than the
former, and a yellovo Cup, edged alfo with a purple
Circle, parted into pieces, and they comprehending a
few other white Leaves, f mailer than any of the o-
ther, having among them fome broken pieces of the
Cup, with a few Chives in the middle of the Flower ,
which is of a very fweet Smell.

V. The third, or Double-crown’d Turkey, has a
Root like unto the laft, or fomewhat larger, from
whence fpring forth three or four Leaves, as large
and long almofl as the Great double white next fol-
lowing •, the Stalk is alfo near as great, and full
as high , bearing at the top four or five Flowers,
whofe Leaves are as large as the Early Narbone or
Common French, (in cap. 190. fe£f. 10, it.) but not
full out of fo pure a white color : they are fix in
1 number, and fland like the former French Daffodils

now named, but that the yellow Cup in the middle of
this is thick and double, or as it were crumpled toge-
ther, not jlanding very high to be feen, but keeping
low and Jhort • fo that it is not prefently taken notice
of, unlefs prectfely lookt upon. This Flower is of an
exceeding fweet Smell.

VI. The fourth, or Double white many-flowred,
has a Root great and thick , covered with a b/ackifh
Skin , which fends forth many very broad and very
long Leaves, more green than grey • among which
rifes up a flrong round Stalk, being fomet imes almofl
flat and ribbed, bearing four or five, or more, white
Flowers at the top, every one being very great, large
and double, the Leaves being conjufedly Jet together,
having little pieces of a yellow Cup running among
them, without any fbew of that purple Ring which is
in the former-, thefe fall away without bearing Seed,
even as all or mofl other double blowers do. It is a
beautiful and goodly blower, defir able for its Beauty
and Duplicity, as alfo fir its exceeding fweet and
flrong Smell -, one Stalk if blowers being inflead of a
Kofegay.

VII. The fifth, or Great double purple-ring’d, dif-
fers little or nothing in Root or Leaf from the for-
mer } the only difference is in the Flowers, wbfch,

tho'

Chap. 192. ‘Englijh Herbs.

275

tho' they are double , and bear many upon a Stalk ,
like unto the former, yet this has the pieces of the
yellow Cups tipt with purple , as if they were Jhred
or fcattcred among the white Leaves , whereas the
other has only the yellow , without any appearance of
purple Tips upon them : the Smell of this is as ftrong
and fweet as any of the other.

VIII. The fixth , or Many-flowred double yellow
of Cyprus, has a bulbed Root , like to the former ,
and its Leaves are aimed as long and as broad as the
other. The Stalk is a foot high andmore, bearing on
its top four or Jive flowers , every one very double ,
of a fine pale yellow color , and of a ftrong fweet
Smell.

IX. The Places. The firft was brought into Eng-
land out of Cambray , where it grows Wild. All
the reft came from Conftantinople at leveral times :
the lafi alfo grows in Cyprus , and fome alfo fay in
Barbary , about Argiers and Fez ; and fome of them
grow in Candia , as alfo about Aleppo , and fome 0-
ther Places in the Turks Dominions. Now they
are made Denizons of our Kingdom, and grow fre-
quently in our Gardens.

X. The Times. The firft flowers about the mid-
dle or end of April : all the other Turkey kinds
flower very early, in the middle or end of March ,
or beginning of April at fartheft.

XI. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and
Virtues, are the fame with thofe in Chap.i&y. afore-
going, to which you are referred.

CHAP. CXCII.

O/DAFFODIL narrow-leav’d,
fingle-flowred.

I- 'T' H E Karnes. It is called in Greek , Kafx/oj©-

X ?evo?uAK& ct7iA*( : .in Latin , Narciffus angu-
flifolius Jimplex : in Englijh, Smgle-flowred, narrow-
leav'd Daffodil.

II. The Kinds. The molt obferv’d are about nine
in number, viz. 1. Narciffus anguftifolius albidus
prdcox oblongo calice, The early white narrow-leav’d
Daffodil, with a long Cup. 2. Narciffus medio cro-
ceus tenuifolius. The Saffron-crown’d "narrow-leav’d
fmall Daffodil. 3. A draft its minimus medio purpu-
reus. The leaft purple-ring’d Daffodil. 4. Narcif-
fus minimus flore juncifolii , The leaft Daffodil of
all. 5. Narciffus Autumnalis minor a/bus. The lit-
tle white Autumn Daffodil. 6. Narciffus Autumna-
hs a/bus medio obfoletus , The white Autumn Daffo-
dil with a decayed Crown. 7. Narciffus anguftifo-
lius listens femper fiorens , The yellow Italian Daf-
fodil, always flowering. 8. Narciffus anguftifolius,
vel juncifolius maximus amplo Calice , The Great
Junquilia with a large Flower or Cup. 9. Narcif-
fus Virgineus, vel Virginianus , feu Lilimrciifus
Virgtmanus , The Virginia Daffodil.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft of thefe, or Ear-
ly white narrow-leav’d Daffodil, from a bulbous Root
has three or four narrow, long and very green
Leaves, a foot long generally. The Stalk rifes not
Jo high as the Leaves, on which grows one flower,
(not full out Jo large as the Late-flowering Daffodil
with a long Cup, among the Broad-leav’d kinds)
which confifts of fix pale-color' d Leaves, not of a pure
white but with a : mixture of a light yellow among
trie white. The Cup in the middle is round and long ,
(yet not Jo long as to be accounted a Baftard Daffo-

dil) within which is a middle Poinpel, compafted with
fix Chives, having yellow mealy Pendents.

IV. The fecund, or Saffron-crown’d narrow-leav’d
fmall Daffodil, has a Root fmall. , round and a little
long withal, covered with a b/ackitb Skin , which
fends forth four or five narrow Leaves, about a fpan
long-, among which rifes up a Stalk eight, nine or ten
inches high, bearing at top one fmall white Flower ,
confi fling of fix Leaves , with a fmall yellow Cup in
the middle, Jhadiowed over at the brims with a Saf-
fron color.

V. The third. , or Lead purple-ring’d, has a bul-
bous Root , fmall narrow Leaves, Jborler by much than
any of the Purple-ring’d Daffodils before described.
The Stalk and Flower keep an equal proport ion to the
reft of the Plant , being in Form and Color of the
Flower like unto the Star Daffodil before deferibed,
but unlike in Magnitude. The purple color which
encircles the brims of the Cup, is fc fmall, that fome-
limes it is not eafily perceived.

VI. The fourth, or Leaft of all, has a Root fmall,
even the fmalleft of any Daffodil, and covered with
a black Skin -, from whence fpring two or three
whit ijh green Leaves , narrower than the two lad a-
foregoing, andjhorter by half, being not above two or
three inches long : nor ts the Stalk above three or four
inches high , bearing one fingle Flower at top, Jome-
thtng larger than the proportion of the Plant jhould
feem to admit , and not much unlike to the Leaft Rufh
Daffodil, and of the fame bignefs, or rather Jome-
what bigger , being of a faint yellow color, both
Leaves and Cup or Crown ; for the middle part is
Spread very much, even to the middle of the Leaves
almoft, and lyes flat open upon the Flower.

VII. The fifth, or Little white Autumn, has a

bulbous fmall Root, and blackijh on the outjide, which
rifes with its Flowers firft out of the Ground, with-
out any Leaves at all. It firft Springs up with one
or two Stalks three or four inches long every one
bearing, out of a fmall Husk, one fmall Shite Flower
laid open abroad , like unto the Star whire Daffodil
bejore deferibed. In the midft of the Flower is a f. 'moll
yellow Cup, of a middle fize. After the Flower is
paft, there comes in the fame place a fmall Head
containing fmall, round , black Seed, like unto the
Autumn Hyacinth. After the Seed is ripe and gone,
then fpring up the Leaves, which are Jinall and nar-
row, net much bigger than thofe of the Autumn Hy-
acinth afore-named. 1

VIII. The fixth, or White Autumn with a decay-
ed Crown, from its bulbous Root has two or three
Leaves at moft , and very narrow, (fo that fome ac-
count it among the Rufh Daffodils) fomewliat broad
at bottom , and more pointed at ' top ; between which
Leaves conies up the Stalk, bearing uf tally two Flow-
ers, and no more , made of fix while Leaves apiece ,
pointed, and not round. The Cup is fmall and round
like unto the Cup or Crown of the Leaft Rufh Daf-
fodil, of a yellow color at bottom , but of a dun color
towards the edge.

IX. The Seventh, or Yellow Italian always flow-
ering, has a bulbous Root, from whence fpring a
number of fmall , long, narrow , and very green Leaves
broader than the Leaves of any Rufh Daffodil ; a-
mong which rife up divers Stalks , bearing at their
Heads two or three Flowers apiece, each of them be-
ing fmall and yellow, with a fmall Crown, of a deep-
er yellow than the former. It is /aid never to ceaj'e
bearing Flowers, but that after one or mere Stalks
have been in flower together , and are paft , others
fucceed. in their places.

X. The eighth , or Great Junquilia with a large
Flower, has a Root which is greater and longer thart
the Kufh Daffodils, covered with a blackijh Skin ■,
from whence fpring up feveral long green Leaves,

Nm like

27 6

Salmon’ s Herbal Lib. I.

like unto the Rulh Daffodils, but thicker and broader,
fo that it may vary well be accounted among the Nar-
row-leav’d Daffodils. Every Stalk bears at its top
two or three veiy j air Urge ilowers, with a. large
an l more open Cap than in any of lhejatd Ruin Daf-
fodils ; both of them of a j air yellow color but the
Cup a little deeper than the flower , and a little
crumpled about the edges , having a pretty ft rong or
l, harp pleafant Smell. This Plant by its flame,
fj/d feem to be of the Rulh kind, which Name ,t
'obtained by reef on of the Ukenejs of its Leaf to them :
but in Conjidcration its Leaf is broader and larger
than any of the Rulh Daffodils Authors have placed
it among the Narrow-leav’d tho it might have in-
differently been placed in the Rank of either Spe-

C“yil. The ninth , or Single white Virginian, has a
Root [mall, long and round , blackijh on the out fide ,
and white within ; from whence rife up two or three
long and very narrow , green , Jhining Leaves , grow-
ing [omeliincs reddifh about the edges: between thefe
I eaves rifes up the Stalk , about five or fix inches

high, or more, bearing on the Head thereof one flow-
er, and no more, [landing upright, like a little Lilly
or Tulip, made of fix Leaves , wholly while, both
within and without, except that at the bottom next
to the Stalk ; and a little on the backfide of the three
outer Leaves, it has a fmall dafh of a reddifh purple
color, h has alfo in the middle a few Chives, fund-
ing about a fmall pointed Head, which Head grows to
be fmall and long, containing fmall, blackijh, flat
Seed.

XU. The Vinces. The firfl and fecond of thefe
grows with the Broad-leav d ones on the Pyien&an
Mountains , from whence they were brought into our
Gardens : rhe native places of the third and fourth
are unknown : the fifth Clujius law growing in
Spain : th eflxih is alfo a Native of the fame Coun-
try. the Original of the feventh is unknown : the
eighth we only know to grow in our Gardens : the
ninth was brought to us from Virginia , where they
grow in great abundance. All thefe, by Tranfplan-
tation and Care, are now found to grow in Englijh
Gardens.

XIII. The Times. The firfl flowers early, a

Month before the other Narrow-leaved kinds , viz.
in the very beginning of March , if the Weather is
mild : the fecond, third and fourth Rower in April :
the fifth dowers in the beginning of Autumn , and
the Seed is ripe in the end of Oftober , in hot Coun-
tries •, but in ours, it feldom comes to more than
flowering : the Jixth flowers in Autumn : the fe-
venth flowers all the Summer long, whence came
the Addition to its Name of Semper florens : the
eighth flowers in April -, and the ninth in the end of
April, and beginning or fore part of the Month of
May. ’ „ .

XIV. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations
and Virtues, are accounted the lame with the Daf-
fodils in Chap. 189. aforegoing, fo that no more need
be laid thereof.

II. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. 1. Narcijfus
angufiifolius flore a/bo pleno , Narrow-leav’d white
double-flower’d Daffodil. 2. Narcijfus angufiifohus
flore aureo plena , The narrow-leav’d double Golden-
flower ’d Daffodil.

III. The Defcriptions. The firfl, or Double-
flowred narrow-leav’d Daffodil, has a Root very like
unto the former Single Virginian Daffodil ( in cap.
192. left. 11.) but it is a little larger and rounder,
a little long withal , and blackifl) on the out fide , as
that is ■, from whence rife up tzvo Leaves , fomewhat
broader than that, but of a like Greennefs. The
Stalk rifles up between thefe Leaves about a flpan
high , or not much higher , bearing one fair double
Snow-white Slower, very like in the Form or Shape
to the Leffer French double Baftard Daffodil hereaf-
ter to be deferibed for it is in like manner laid 0-
penflat , and compofedof fix Rows of Leaves, every
R010 lying in order jujl oppoflte , or one before ano-
ther, whereof thofe fix Leaves, which make the firfl
or outwardmojl Courfe , are the greatejl, and all the
reft lying one upon or before another , every Row be-
ingf mailer than the others : in the middle thereof
comes forth a fmall, long, pointed Fork or Horn,
white in flome fort , like to the Flower it felf

IV. The fecond, or Double Golden narrow-leav’d,
has a Root almoft like the Common Junquilia, or
Rufh Daffodil, from which Spring up very narrow
Leaves, four or five inches long, of a whitifh green
color \ from among which rifes up a Stalk, about t

up 1

foot high , bearing at the top a Flower, conflfling of
fome outward Leaves , which are of a yellow color ,
and of many other Leaves in the middle, being J, mai-
ler, and fet thick and round together, of a more yel-
low Gold color, but with fome whiter Leaves among
them, the middle part a little pointing forth : the
Flower Jlands long before it does per fell its color,
and abides long in Flower before its color decays.

V. The Places. It has been found growing in
feveral places of Virginia , from whence it has been
brought to us : it has alfo been found growing in
the Lawns of Carolina.

VI. The Times. It flowers in Virginia towards
the latter end of March , or beginning of April : but
with us here in England in the end of April

VII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations
and Virtues, are faid to be the fame with the Daf-
fodils in Chap. 189. to which I referr you.

VIII. An Obfervation. I have been told by fome
of the Indians , that if the Juice of the Root be gi-
ven for fome confiderable time, inwardly in the
Spring of the Year •, and that the Root it felf, by
being beaten and made into a Cataplafm, be alfo at
the fame time applied to Tumors in the Neck and
Throat, it will cure them. I fuppofe the Tumors
here meant, are Strumous.

of

CHAP. CXCIII.

DAFFODIL narrow-leav’d,
double-flowred.

It is called in Greek ,

. . in Latin, Narcijfus

angvfiif lilts flore plena : in Enghfb, Daffodil ttttr-
rovi-le.ty'd double-flowred.

lT II E Names.

chap, cxciv.

Of DAFFODIL

flowred.

Rulh, Angle-

I.'Tpi/E Names. It is called in Greek,

X Mf any : in Latin, Narcijfus fund -

foli us flore Jimplici , Bulb us Vomit orius Diofcoridis :
in Englijh, Daffodil Rufh-leavd fingle-fiowred, or,
Single-flowred Junquilia.

II. The Kinds. There are about twelve feveral
forts of this Flower, viz. 1 . Narcijfus Juncifolius
albus Simplex , The white Junquilia. 2. Narcijfus

Juncifo-

Chap. 194.

ID

Herb*

2 77

Juncifolius albus magno Cahce , The white Junquilia
with a great Cup. 3. Narciffus Juncifolius flore
a/bo reflexo, The white turning Junquilia, or Rufh
Daffodil. 4. Narciffus Juncifolius flore luteo re-
flexo, The yellow turning Junquilia, or Rufh Daf-
fodil. 5- Narciffus Junceus Calice albo foliis re-
flexis luteis , The yellow turning Junquilia with a
white Cup. 6. Narciffus Junceus Calice luteo fo-
liis reflxis albidis , The white turning Junquilia with
a yellow Cup. 7. Narciffus Juncifolius luteus mag-
no Calice , The Junquilia, or Rulh Daffodil with a
great Cup. 8. Narciffus Juncifolius luteus vulga-
ris major , The common or ordinary Junquilia, or
Rufh Daffodil. 9. Narciffus Juncifolius luteus me-
dius , The middle-fiz'd Junquilia, or Rulh Daffodil.
10. Narcif]us Juncifolius luteus minor , The leffer
Junquilia, or Rulh Daffodil. 11. Narciffus Junci-
folius luteus , line is albicantibus diftinttus , The yel-
low Junquilia, or Rulh Daffodil with white Lines.
1 2. Narciffus Juncifolius Autumnalis flore viridi ,
The Autumn Rulh Daffodil, or Junquilia, with a
green Flower.

III. The Defcriptions. The firff, or White Jun-
quilia, has a f mall bulbous Root ,covered with a black-
ifh Skin ', from whence firing firth fmall long
Leaves , a little broader , and of a whiter green color
than the Ordinary yellow Junquilia, or Rulh Daffo-
dil. The Stalk rifes up half a foot high or more ,
bearing two or three fmall white Flowers upon a Stalk,
yet fomewhat larger than the Common yellow Jun-
quilia , having a fmall round Cup in the middle ,
white alfo as the Leaves aw. The Seed is fmall ,
black and round , as the Seeds of other Daffodils are.

IV. The fecond , or White with a great Cup, has
a Root , Leaves and Stalk in all ref pells like the for-
mer •, the Flower and Seed is alfo like , but in this it
differs , that the Cup in the middle of the Flower is a
little larger than the firmer.

V. The third , or White turning, has a bulbous or
round Root , fmall , and a little long withal , covered
with a blackifh brown Skin *, from whence firing up
four or five long green Leaves, yet fhorter and broad-
er than the Common yellow Junquilia, and fully
as green from among which rifes up a flender green
Stalk, a foot high, bearing at its top, out of a skinny
Husk, three or four , or more Snow-white Flowers,
fianding upon long green Foot-ftalks , every blower
hanging down its Head, and turning up its fix nar-
row and long Leaves , even to a very Foot-ftalk again :
from the middle of the blower hangs down a long round
Cup, as white as the Leaves -, within which are con-
tained three fmall white Chives, tipt with yellow, and
a fmall long Fointel, thrufting out beyond the brims
of the Cup : after the Flowers are paft, there comes
up in their places fmall three-fquare Heads, in which
is contained very fmall, round and black fhining
Seed. The Flower is white, without any good Smell,
or indeed rather none at all.

VI. The fourth, or Yellow turning up, has a bul-
bous Root, from whence rife up long Rufh-like Leaves,
but they are greater and longer than the former, and
of a paler green color : the Stalk rijes fomewhat
higher, bearing two or three Flowers thereon, wholly
of a Golden yellow color, both the Cup and the Leaves,
which turn up again.

VII. The fifth, or Yellow turning up with a white
Cup, has from a round Root fever al long Rufh-like
Leaves rifing up, and f landing upright, like the for-
mer, between which rifes up a green Stalk, about a
foot or more high, bearing two or three Flowers there-
on, whofe turning up Leaves are of a fair pale yel-
low, and the Cup of a pale white , but not of fo deli-
cate or pure a white as the former.

VIII. The flxth, or White turning up Junquilia
with a yellow Cup, differs not ?nuch either in its

Roots, Leaves, Stalk or Flowers, fave, that as the laft
had the Leaves of the Flower, which turns up again
yellow,and the Cup whitifh fo this has contrariwife,
the turning up Leaves of a whitifh yellow, and the
long Cup yellower otherwife the difference is incon-
fiderable.

IX. The feventh, or Junquilia with a great Cup,
has a round or bulbous Root, from which firing larger
Leaves , and longer than the Ordinary or Common
yellow Junquilia, being a httle flat on one fide, and
round on the other, but of the fame Greennefs with
all the reft : the Stalk rfieth up two feet high, bear-
ing two, and fomc times three blowers thereon, being
of a fair yellow color, with a large open Cup in the
middle, of a little deeper yellow color, like unto the
Great Junquilia with the great Flower before de-
ferred, of which this doubt lefs is a kind, but that
this is f mailer and leffer than that, both in Leaf and
blower, and Cup, being fomewhat leffer in all its
other parts.

X. The eighth , or Common or Ordinary Junqui-
lia, has a round or bulbous Root, which is blackifh on
the out fide , from which firing four or five long,
round, green Leaves, like unto Rufhes, from whence
came the Name ■, from among which Leaves rifes up
a Stalk, round and green, a foot and half or more
high, bearing at the top three or four blowers, all
yellow, but much final ler than the laft, and fo is the
Cup alfo. The Seed is fmall and black, enclofcd in
fmall cornered Heads. The Smell of the blower is
very fweet in all thefe forts of Junquilia, or Rufh
Daffodils.

XI. The ninth, or Middle-fiz’d Junquilia, is like
unto the firmer in its bulbous Root, Rufa-like Leaves,
Stalks and Flowers, fave, that the Leaves are Jmal-
ler and rounder, the Stalk rifes up not fo high, nor
are the blowers fo great, but the Leaves of the Flow-
er are a little rounder, and not fo pointed as in the
former, but in all things elfe they are alike, this be-
ing only the leffer.

XII. The tenth, or Small Junquilia , has a Root
round, fmall and black, very like unto the laft, from
whence firing up five or fix fmall green Leaves, a
little broader, but not fo long as the laft • from a-
mong which rifes up a Stalk almoft afoot high, bear-
ing one or two fmall Flowers at the top, of a paler
yellow color than the form'er, with a yellow open Cup
(or Crown rather) in the middle, bigger than in ei-
ther of the two laft.

XIII. The eleventh , or Yellow Junquilia with
white. Lines, has a Root not diff ering from the fir-
mer, from ivbich f firing forth round, long, green
Leaves, like to the Ordinary or Common Rufh Dafi=
lodil, with a Stalk bearing two or three yellow Flow *
ers, having Leaves fomewhat round at the point or
end, with a Line or Stroke of white in the middle of
every one of them : the Cup is fhort and Crown -
fafhion , and a little crumpled about the edges or
brims. The Seed is like to the other kinds.

XIV. The twelfth , or Autumn Rufh with a green
Flower, fends firth from its Root but one only Leaf,
very long, round and green, which while this green
Leaf is frefh and to be feen, bears no Flower -, but
that, being faded away, a Stalk afterwards rifes up,
very much like to the former green Leaf, round, na-
ked and green up to the top , where two or three
blowers break forth out of a fmall thin Skin, every
one confifting of fix fmall and narrow green Leaves,
very fharp-pointed at the end, and ns it were ending
in a fmall Frick or Thorn ■, in the middle of which is
a fmall round Cup , ( or rather Crown ) of the fame
color with the Leaves and Stalk -, which blower Jmells
very fweet, like unto the reft of the Rufh Daffodils
or Junquilia.

XV. The Places, The original or native places

from

278 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

from whence theie have been brought to us, were
Italy, Spain , the Pyrenxan Mountains, and Southern
parts ol France, : the twelfth is a Native of Barbary ,
and was brought to us from trance. Now, by ln-
duftry and careful Cultivation, they are all become
tree Denizons, if not Natives of our Country, where,
in the Gardens of our Florifts , they thrive very
well.

XVI: The Times. They molt of them flower in
the Spring, in March, (if it is mild) and April
and May, the Seed ripening in fome reafonable time
after : but the lalt or twelfth flowers not till Oflo-
ber. , and the Frofts coming foon alter, caufes it lud-
denlv to perifh.

XVII. The Vitalities, Specification, Preparations
and Virtues , are much one and the fame with thofre
of the Common Daffodils ill Chap.. 189. to which I
referr you.

CHAP. CXCV.

Of DAFFODIL Rufh, doublc-

flowred.

I. H E Names. It is called in Greek,

JL J'n( 7m AAa>7TAo©-, BoaC©- s//s77Ksf '• in Tat in,
Narciffus fund folius Jlore multiplici, Narciffus Jun-
ceus Jlore pleno. Bulbus Vomit orius Diofcoridis Jlore
pie no : in Eng/ifh, Rttf b Daffodil, or Junquilia

dottb/e-Jlowred.

II. The Kinds. There are but two ufual kinds of
this double fort, viz. 1. Narcifftts Juncifolius lute-
us Jlore pleno. The double Junquilia, or Rulh Daf-
fodil. 2. Narcifftts Juncijoliits lutetts Jlore pleno
minori, The lefler Junquilia, or Rulh Daffodil.

III. The Defcriptions. The JirJl of thefe hits a
Root which is bulbous or round, and blackifh brown
on the out fide, fo like unto the Common Rulh Daf-
fodil, that it is dimoll impojjible to know the one from
the other -, from i which ffp ring forth long, round, green
Leaves , like the Leaves of the Common or Ordinary
Junquilia, or Rufli Daffodil, and of the fame bignejs,
among which rifes up a long, fender, green Stalk ,
bearing two or three, Jcldom more, j mall Flowers,
yellow and double, viz. with feveral Rows of Leaves,
having the yellow Cup fitch as is in the fingle Flower,
broken into final! Jbreds or pieces, running among
the Leaves of the blowers ■, which pieces in fome
blowers arc not fo eafily Jeen, being fnaller than in
others. This bears no Button or Head under the
blower, for Seed.

IV. The fecond, or Lefler kind, is in its Root,
Leaves, Stalk and blowers very like to the former,
fave that its blowers are J mailer, and not fo double,
being one, two or three at rnoff upon a Stalk-, and
a/Jo of much left Beauty.

V. ’The Places. They are Natives of Italy , Tur-
key, Spain, the Pyrenxan Alountains, and fome
Southern parts of Trance : but flourilh very well
with us in our Gardens.

VI. The Times. Their chief times of flowering
are in March, April and May.

VII. The Vitalities, Specification , Preparations
and Virtues, are much the fame with thole of the
Common Daffodil in Chap. 1 89. aforegoing.

VIII. An Obfervauion. The Juice of the Root,
'whether of fingle or double Junquiha’s. It may be
given, to caufe Vomit and cleanfe the Stomach,
from 1 fpoonful to 2 or more, mixed with a Glafs

of White Wine or warm Water, in the Morning
falling •, it carries off thick and. vifeous Humors,
and the Matter which caufes the King’s-evil : Some
mix it with Vinegar for the fame purpofe. It alfo
purges downwards afterwards, the reft of thole
thick tough Recrements.

IX. Obferv. 2. The Decottion in Wine. It does
alfo the fame thing with the Juice, but it is plea-
fanter, and works more gently, and moftly by Stool,
if it is corrected with An feed. Ginger and other
Spices, to abate the Churlilhnefs of the Working.
I have found it by Experience to be good againft a
Paralyfis, if it was recent, and the Patients had
Strength and Youth on their fides.

X. Oblerv. 3. The Root made into a Cataplafm,
and applied, or into an Ointment , as you do Pile-
wort Roots, is an excellent thing to be applied to
Strumous Tumors or Swellings in the Throat oro-
ther Parts, whether they be whole, or broken and
ulcerated.

CHAP, cxcvi.

Of DAFFODIL Sea.

I-HP-tf E Names. It is called in Greek, N<ep*/«®-

_L ertoTur Ti flaAaaw©- : in Latin, Narciffus Ma-
rinas vel Lit or alis and in Englifh , Sea Daffo-

dil.

II. The Kinds. There are four kinds thereof:
the JirJ} is commonly called, Narciffus Marinas mag-
nus, five Tertius Matthio/i , The great white Sea
Daffodil, or Matthiolus his third Daffodil. CluJius
called it Lilionarcffus Hemerocallis and He me roc al-
lidis facie -, and yet this feems not to be a proper
Name, for that his Hemerocallis is a plain Pancra-
tion, or Sea Baffard Daffodil , whole middle Cup is
longer fhan the Cup of any true Daffodil, which is
the chiefelt Note of Difference between a True and
a Baffard Daffodil. It may molt fitly be called,
Narciffus Marinas maximus , The greateft Sea Daf-
fodil, becaufe it is a true Daffodil, and the greateft
of all others ^ as alfo becaufe it has been found
chiefly in Iflands, or Places near the Sea. 2. Nar-
ciffus Indie us Autumn alis quor undam Lobe hi. Pan-
cratium Indicant , The Indian Autumn Sea Daffodil
of Lobel. 3. Narciffus Mannus African us, five
Exoticus Lobelii, The African Sea Daffodil. 4.
Narciffus Marinas Exoticus , The ftrange Sea Daf-
fodil : of all which in order.

III. The Delcriptions. The firff, or Great white
Sea Daffodil, has a Root which by Age or a long Con-
tinuance, ffanding in one place without being remo-
ved, grows to be much greater and larger than any
other Daffodil whatfoever, fometimes to be as large
as any Ordinary Squil or Sea Onion, being black on
the outfide, and having many long, thick and white
Fibres or long Roots, variouffy branched, and ffpread
under the upper part of the Earth, befides fome others
which grow downwards, and perifh not every Tear,
as the Fibres of all or moft of the other Daffodils do
for which Reafon this Plant will not thrive and bear
blowers, if it is often tranfplanted, but delights to
continue in one place without removing, and where
it may not be overjhadovied with other Herbs Ji end-
ing too near it , which then will flour ijh , and bear
many fine blowers. From this Root arife Jix or fe-
ven, or more Leaves, twice fo broad almoff as any

| of the former Daffodils, but not fo long by half as
many of them , being rather fhort in Comparifon of
the breadth , and of a white green color : {rent the

midff

Chap. 197. UngHfb Herbs .

mid ft of thefe Leaves , ^ alfo from the fldes, /print's
up one Stalk , and fometimes two , or woro, thick and
roundifh , and fometimes a little flat and cornered , 0
foot or more high , bearing at the top (out of a skinny
Husk) eight , ten or twelve , or more very large
Flowers , conflfling of fix white Leaves apiece , fpread
or laid open , with a white or fhort Cup or Crown in
the middle, lying flat upon the Leaves , cut or divi-
ded into fix Corners , ( and not whole , ^ the Cup or
Crown of any other Single Daffodil •, ) /rorz ouory of
which Edges or Corners of this Cup or Crown pro-
ceeds one white long Thread , a little crooked or turn-
ing up at the end , with a yellow Pendent ,

yo//2<? o//;or zo/;/>o Threads , /i/tf with yellow Pendents ,
/landing alfo in the middle. After the Flower is
pafl , £ro<2/ threefquare Heads come forth , in which
the Seed is contained , which is great, black and round ,
like unto the Seed of other Daffodils , but greater.
The Flower has a pretty good Smell , but not very
Jlrong.

IV. Tfro fecond , or Indian Autumn Sea, has a
Root , oj Lobel /ayr, d ypo# /org, of //;<? /A/ci-
ro/f of a Man's Arm , covered with many white Shells ,
of which the outwardmoft are of a dark red , or
Cheft-nut oo/or. The Flowers are eight or ten in
number , ouory oro by its felf upon a fhort Foot-Jlalk ,
d&afe of yZ* Leaves apiece , fomewhat long , narrow
and pointed , like unto the Flowers of the Englifh
Colchicum, or Meadow Saffron, 0/0 whitifh yellow
dun color , with fix long Threads in the middle. The
green Leaves are long and broad , and broad-pointed.
Some are of Opinion, that this Plant comes nearer to
the Refemblance of an Hyacinth 0/ <z Daffodil ;
but Lobel has numbered it among the Daffodils, wfoorz
wo here follow, yet leave it to others Judgments to
determine of which kind it is.

V. The third, or African Sea, has a Root very
great, made as it were of many fcaly Cloves, from
whence rifes up a fmall fhort Stalk, bearing, a little
above the Ground, two fair , broad, green, pointed
Leaves , longer than they are broad, fo encompaffing
the Stalk at the bottom, that it feems to run through
them : the Stalk is fpotted with divers difcolored
Spots, and is bare or naked from thefe two Leaves
unto the top, where it bears one fair double Flower,
like unto a Double Anemone, of a diluted reddifh
color, tending to a blufh, with many Threads fet a-
bout the middle Head.

VI. The fourth , or Strange Sea Daffodil, has a
Root which is very great , yet like unto other Great
Daffodils •, the outward Skins of which are of a dark
brown color. From this Root rife up five or fix large
and long Leaves, of a pale green color •, from among
which arifes up a Jlrong and large Stalk, bearing at
top, out of a thin Husk or Skin, many very large
Flowers, tnade of fix long and pointed Leaves apiece,
cf a blewifh purple color, with a large round open
Cup in the middle, of a J, adder color than the
Leaves.

VII. The Places. The firfl was found by the Sea
fide in the Ifle of Sardinia, and on the high Moun-
tains alfo of the fame Ifle , where it has born ( by
Report) thirty five Flowers upon a Stalk : it grows
alfo about Illyricum , and other Maritine places of
the Mediterranean. The fecond grows in the upper
part of Hifpaniola in the Weft Indies. The third
grows near the Cape of Good Hope, from whence it
was brought into Holland. The lajl , the place of
its Origin is unknown, but now they are all nou-
rilh’d up in Gardens.

VIII. The Times. The firfl fprings later out of
the Ground than any other Daffodil, viz. about the
latter end of March or beginning of April, and
flowers in the end of May or beginning of June ■,
and the Seed is ripe in the end of July or beginning

27 9

of Augufi. The fecond Bowers in Autumn , viz. in
September and Odober. The third and fourth Bow-
er in the Summer Months, earlier or later, as the
Sealon is in Warmth.

IX. The Vitalities. Specification , Preparations and
Virtues , are the fame with thofe of the Common
Daffodil in Chap. 1 89. aforegoing, which fee in their
places.

CHAP. CXCVII.

Of DAFFODIL Ballard, broad-
leav’d fingle-flowred.

I.’’ I ' H E Karnes. It is called in Greek , 'ftiAm'f-

A hi as®- '7r\a.7uipvr?.® cuVaSV : in Latin, Pjeudo-
nareffus latifolius flare fimplici : \n Englijh , Bajiard
Daffodil broad-Ieadd , with jingle Homers.

II. The Kinds. There are nine feveral kinds com-
monly taken notice of viz. 1. Pfeudonarciffus An-
glictts vulgaris , Our common Engliih Baftard Daf-
fodil. 2. Pfeudonarciffus Anghcits vulgaris alter ,
Another common Engliih white Baftard Daffodil
3. Pfeudonarciffus tubofexangulari , The fix- cornered
Baftard Daffodil. 4. Pfeudonarciffus aureus Hifpa -
mens maximus The great yellow Spaniih Baftard
Daffodil. 5. rfeudonareffus Pyre tutus Hfpanico &
Anglico ftmilis, The Mountain Baftard Daffodil of
divers kinds. 6. Pfeudonarciffus Pallidm pracox.
The early Straw-colored Baftard Daffodil. 7. Ffeu-
donareffus Hifptmicus flore a/bo major , The greater
white Spaniih Baftard Daffodil. 8. Pfeudonarciffus
Hifpamcus maximus albidus , The greateft Spaniih
white Baftard Daffodil.^ 9. Pfeudonarciffus hi/pa-
nicus flore albo medius (V minor , The leffer and iiiea.n
white Spaniih Baftard Daffodils.

III. The

280 Salmon j Herbal . Lib. 1.

III. The Delcripdons. The firft , 0/* Common
Englifh, lu4 a Root which is bulbous and. fomewhat
blackifh on the out fide -, from whence fpring forth
three or four grcyifh green Leaves, long and fome-
what narrow $ among which rift’s up the Stalk , about
a J pan or fomewhat more high, bearing at the top, out
oj a skinny Husk, ( tu all other Daffodils have) one
flower, and feme times two, fomething large, having
the fix Leaves which ft and like Wings of a pale yel-
low color, and the long Trunk in the middle of a fair
yellow, with the edges or brims a little crumpled or
uneven. After the Flower is pa ft, it bears a round
Head. J coming three-fquare, containing round black
Seed.'

IV. The fecond, or Our common Englifh white,
is in Root, L.eaves and Stalk, like to the other in al-
moj } all refpctls : but the Wings of its Flower are
much more white than the former, and in a manner
of a Milk-white color, the Trunk remaining almof
iu yellow cis that in the aforegoing , but not differing
in any thing elfe.

V. The third , or Six-cornered, has a Root like to
the others, from whence fpring two or three long and
fomewhat broader Leaves than in the two aforegoing ■,
between which comes forth a Stalk, bearing one Flow-
er, fomewhat large, having the fix outward Leaves
of a pale yellow color, and the long Trunk plaited or
cornered all along, unto the very edge, into fix parts,
of a little deeper yellow than the Wings.

VI. The fourth, or Great yellow Spanifh, has a
rcafonable great Root , and blackifh on the out fide,
prefjing deep into the Ground, and therefore will run
down, where it will encreafe into many Ojffets from
whence rife up many thick , long and Jiff Leaves, oj
a grcyifh green color •, among which rifes up a round
firong Stalk, feme times a yard high or higher , bear-
ing at the top one only fair large yellow Flower,
fland)ng forth right, ana not pendulous, confifting of
fix jhort and Jomewhat broad Leaves, with a very
great, large and long Trunk, of an equal Bigncjs,
but open at the Mouth , and turning up the brims a
little, which are fomething crumpled. When the
Flower Is pafl, there comes in the place a three-fquare
Head, containing round black Seed, like to other
Daffodils.

VII. The ffth, or Mountain Baftard, of divers
kinds ^ they have all of them a bulbous Root, which is
blackifh. on the outfde : but of this there are feveral
forts, as, 1 . One which has very broad and whitifh
green Leaves, fomething Jhort in Comparifon with 0-
thers of that breadth : the Flower is wholly yellow,
but a little paler than the former Spanifh kind, ha-
ving the Leaves of its Flower long and a little nar-
row , funding like Wings about the middle of the
Trunk, which is as long as the Leaves, and f mailer
than in many others of this kind, but a little yellower
than the Wings. 2. One which has narrower green
Leaves than the former, and longer -, the Flower is
all yellow, but the Trunk is larger, wider and more
open at the Mouth than the other, and almof as large
as the former Spanifh , but not fo high as the laft.
3. One which has the Wings of the Flower, of a St raw
color, but the Trunk is long and narrow, of a fair
yellow. 4. One which has fuch like Flowers, but
that it is Jhort er, both in the Wings and the Trunk.
5. Another which has the Wings of the Flower longer
than the long Trunk, and fometi tries Jhort er. 6. A-
nothcr which has its Wings all yellow, or only a little
■more pale or white, like to the Englifh kind. 7. 0-
thers which have their Trunks long and narrow, or
larger, and wider open, and crumpled at the
brims.

VIII. The fixth, or Early Straw-colored, from a
bulbous Root, hits Leaves rifing up, of a mean fze,
between the hr cade ft and narrower kinds, of a grey if:

green color, and not very long : the Stalk rifes up a
foot high or more, on the top of which grows one large
fair Flower , equalling the large ft Spanifh Ballard
Daffodil, before dej bribed, in the Large nefs of its
Trunk, and having thf brims turned up a little,
which makes it feem the larger. The Wings or out -
ward Leaves are in a manner as fort as they are in
the great eft Spanifh kind, ( and not long flagging
down, like unto /fe Mountain kinds) and fiand
ftraigbt outright. All the whole Flower is of one e~
ven color, viz. of a fine pale yellow, not much unlike
to the color of a frefh Limon Feel, but a little whiter,
which we commonly call a Straw-color. It is a large
Flower, and early in the Spring.

IX. The feventh, or Greater white Spanifh, has
a Root greater and thicker than the Jirfl Spanifh at
feft. 6. above, but does not encreafe fo much, nor is
covered with a black , but rather with a whitifh Skin.
From this Root divers Leaves rife up together, long
and broad, fomewhat like to the fir ft Spanifh kind at
left. 6. but a little broader, and of a whiter green
color, yet not fo white as in the Leffer Spanifh white
kinds, after deferibed. From among thefe Leaves
rifes up a round frong Stalk, about two feet high,
bearing at its top one white Flower , bending down
the Head, as all thefe White kinds do, but is not of
fo pure a white as the Leffer kinds which follow, yet
whiter than the Greateft white Spanifh kind, next to
be deferibed in feft. 7 o. The whole Flower, as well
Trunk as Wings, is much larger than the Leffer
white kinds, and almof equalling the firft Spanifh
yellow, but a little longer and narrower , a little
crumpled, and turning up at the brims ■, after which,
there follows a Head and Seed, like to the firft.

X. The eighth, or Greateft Spanifh white, has a
Root like to the former, but greater, being white on
the outfide, and not black. In the manner of its
Growing, it is very like to the laf , both in its Leaves
and Flowers, but larger in both. The Flower of this
is not full out fo white, but has fame fhew of Fa/e -
nefs therein, and more upon the firft opening of the
Flower than afterwards , and is as great altogether as
the Spanifh yellow, at the leaf with a longer and
fomewhat narrower Trunk, after which come Heads
of Seed, like the former.

XI. The ninth, or Leffer and mean white Spanifh,
are two other, one leffer than another, and both lef-
fer than the two former White Spanifh Daffodils.
The Roots of both arc like one another, but do d ffer
in Great nefs. The Leaves of both are of a whitifh
green color , one a little broader than the other. The
Flowers of both are pure white , and bending down
their Heads, that they almoft touch the Stalk again :
the greater Flower has the longer and narrower
Trunk and the leffer Flower, the fborter and wider
open j yet both a little crumpled at the edges or brims.
From the Seed of thefe has Jprung great Variety , few
or none keeping either the Color or Height of their
Original.

XII. The Places. The firft is common thro’ all
England , in Copfes, Woods and Orchards, infomuch
that by its growing Wild, it is of the leffer value
in our Gardens. The fecond is alfo Englifh, yet is
found growing on the Pyrencean Mountains. The
third grows in Gardens. The fourth was brought
out of Spain. The fifth, fixth, feventh, eighth and
ninth came from the Pyrencean Mountains j and are
alfo found in fome parts of Spain : but with us
they all grow in Gardens only.

XIII. The Times. The firft, fecond and fixth are
the moft early : all the reft flower in April : and
the greateft yellow, fomewhat earlier than the other
greater or leffer white.

XIV. The Qualities-, Specification, Preparations
and Virtues, are much the lame with the Common

or

Chap. 198. <EngUJh Herbs. 281

or Vulgar Daffodils in Chap. 189. aforegoing, to
which you are referred.

CHAP. CXCVIII.

Of DAFFODIL Baftard, broad-
leav’d double-flowred.

L'-JfH E Names. It is called in Greek , ¥«/■ /W?-
_L kiojQ- 7TcAAet7rAo©- s _ in Latin ,

PJeudonarciffus latifolius flore multiplici -, and in
Englifh , Baftard Daffodil broad-leav'd , with double
flowers.

II. The Kinds. Of this fort there are five kinds,
viz. 1. PJeudonarciffus Anglicus flore pleno , The
Englifh double Baftard Daffodil, or Gerard's dou-
ble Daffodil. 2. PJeudonarciffus aureus tnaximus
Anglicus flore pleno , five Rofe us Tradefcanti , The
greateft Englifh yellow double Baftard Daffodil, or
Trade ficant his great Rofe Daffodil. 3. Pfieudonar -
ci (Jus aureus major Anglicus , The Englifh great yel-
low double Baftard Daffodil, or W timer's great yel-
low double Baftard Daffodil. 4. PJeudonarciffus
aureus Hifipanicus flore pleno , The great double
yellow Spanifh Baftard Daffodil, or Parkinfon' s
Baftard Daffodil. 5. PJeudonarciffus Gallicus ma-
jor flore pleno , The greater double French Baftard
Daffodil.

III. The Defcriptions. The fir ft , or Englifh
double Baftard, has a Root which is f mall, very like
unto the French double kinds, ejpecially the Lefler,
to which it is Jo like , that it is hard to know the one
from the other, from this Root arije Leaves very
like unto the Single kinds, being of a whitifh green
color , and Jome thing broad , a little fhorter and nar-
rower, yet fliffer than the following French kind.
The Stalk rifes up about a foot high , bearing at top
one very double flower , the outermoft Leaves being
of the fame pale color which is to be Jeen in the
Wings of the Single kind } thofe which ft and next
them are Jome of as deep a yellow as the Trunk of
the Single, and other Jome of the fame pale color ,
with Jome green Stripes on the back of divers of the
Leaves. Thus is the whole flower variably mixt
with pale and deep yellow, and Jome green Stripes a-
mong them , when it is fully open , and the Leaves
difperfed and broken. Sometimes the flower fhews
a clofe and round yellow Trunk in the middle , Je pa-
rate from the pale outward Wings •, which Trunk is
very double , Jhewing Jome pale Leaves within it,
difperfed among the yellow ; and fometimes the Trunk
is more open , or in part broken , Jhewing forth the
fame colors intermixt within it. At length the
flower paffes away , and without giving any Seed , as
all other bulbous Roots do , which bear double flow-
ers.

IV. The fecond , or Greateft Englifh yellow dou-
ble, ( called by Parkinfon, The Prince of Daffodils)
has a great round Root , like unto other Daffodils,
covered with a brownifh Skin ■, from whence rife up
four or five fomewhat large and broad Leaves , of a
greyifh green color , yet not fully Jo long and large as
the next following : from the midli of which rifes up
a Stalk , almoft as high and as great as it , bearing at
its top , out of a skinny Husk , one fair, large , dou-
ble flower , ( the Bud , before it breaks open , being
ftwrter and thicker in the middle , and ending in a
longer andfharper Point than any of the other Daf-
fodils ) very much fpread open , confifting of fmaller
and Jhorter Leaves than the next following, but more

in number , and thicker and rounder Jet together ,
making it to feem as great and double as any Pro-
vince Rofe, dnd intermixt with divers yellow and
pale Leaves, as it were in Rows, one tinder another.
It continues long in flower, and fprcads by J1 an ding
long, to be the broadeft in Compafs of any of the Daf-
fodils ; but it fades away at laft without giving any
Seed, as^ll double Daffodils do.

V. The third, or Englifh great yellow double
Baftard, has a thick great bulbous Root , which en-
creafes as well as any other Daffodil ^ from which
fpring three or four large , long and broad Leaves ,
fomewhat longer and broader than the former, and of
a whitifh green color. The Stalk rifes to be about
two feet high, if it grows in a fat and fruitful Saif
and is ftrong and fomething round , bearing at the
top , out of a thin Husk or Skin, one large and fair
double flower, each Leaf of which is twice as large
and broad as the laft defer i bed, varioufly intermixt
with a Row of paler , and a Row of deeper yellow
Leaves, wholly difperfed throughout the flower, the
pale color as well as the deeper yellow, in this as
well as in the Small Englifh kind, growing deeper
by ftanding : fometimes the Leaves thereof are Jcat*
tered and fpread wholly, making it fhew a fair, broad,
open flower -, and fometimes the outer Leaves Jhind
feparate from the middle Trunk, which is whole and
unbroken, and very thick of Leaves ■, and fometimes
the middle Trunk will be half broken, neither ex-
pr eJJing a full open double flower, nor a c/ofe double
Trunk, as it is alfo feen in the Small Englifh kind :
at length the flower paffes off without bearing any
Seed. This Great double Baftard Daffodil does fo
near refemble our Common double Englifh kind,
that there is little other Difference found between
them, but in the Largenefs of the Leaves and flow-
ers , and in its Statelinefs, and magnificent way of
Growing.

VI. The fourth , or Great double yellow Spanifh,
has a great bulbous Root, covered with a dark- colored
Skin, and whitifh on the infide : from this Root di-
vers Leaves rife up, fliffer, narrower, and not of
fo whitifh a green color as the former, but more dull
or greyifh, plainly refembling the Leaves of the Sin-
gle great kind •, from whence ’ tis fiid this took its
Original: The Stalk hereof alfo rifes almoft as high
as it, and near the height of the laft defer ibed, bear-
ing one double flower at top, always fpread open,
and never forming a double Trunk, like the former,
yet not fo fair and large as it ■, the outermoji Leaves
whereof, being of a greenifh color at firft, are after-
wards more yellow, and do a little turn themfelves
back again to the Stalk : the other Leaves are Jome
of a pale yellow, others of a more Gold yellow color :
thofe which ft and in the middle are fmaller, and Jome
of them fhew as if they were hollow-trunked -, fo that
they feem to be greenifh, whitifh, yellow and Gold-
yellow, all mixed one among another. Parkinfon
thinks himfelf to be the firft that ever had this flow -
er in England , his being of his own raifing , and
flowering firft in his Garden .

VII. The fifth, or Greater double French, has a
Root very like unto the Lefler kind, but a little big-
ger and longer -, from which fpring whitifh green
Leaves, longer and broader than the Smaller French
kind, hereafter to be deferibed, and broader and lon-
ger, and more limber than the Double Englifh kind
at left. 3. above. The Stalk rifes up net much high-
er than the Smaller French kind, but a little bigger,
bearing at its top one great double flower , which
when it is perfectly blown open , ( which is but fel-
dom, by reafon of the Leaves cleaving very faft one
to another) becomes a fair and goodly flower, larger
by half than the Smaller kind, and fuller of Leaves,
of the fame pale whitifh yellow or Limon color with

O 0 the

Salmon j 'Herbal.

Lib. 1

the Letter, or rather a little whiter , and not Jet in
the fame Order of Rows , as that is , but more confu-
fedly together , and turning back the ends of the
outer mo ft Leaves to the Stalk again , neither of which
is found in the Letter kind.

VIII. The Places. The firft is natural of our own
Country for Gerard found it in an old. Womans
Garden in the Weft of England, where it .grew be-
fore the Woman came to dwell there : and Parkin'
Jon fays, That he heard that it was a Native of
the Jfte of Wight. The fecond is unknown as to its
Original, but it feems to be a Native in John Tra-
defcant his Garden. The third, as far as we can
learn, is an Englifh Plant, growing in the Garden
of Vincent Sion , (a Fleming ) dwelling on the Bank
fide of the River Thames , from whom Mr. W timer
of Stratford Bow had it ^ after which it went by
Wilmer’s Name. The fourth, Parkinfon fays, was
of his own raifing : he fays it was alfuredly ratted
from the Seed of the Great Spanifh fingle kind ,
which he* Lowed in his own Garden , and cherifhed
it, till it gave fuch a Flower as is deferibed. The
Lift, its Origin is not certainly known •, Lome think
ic came from France , others from Germany.

IX. The Times. They all flower much about
onetime, viz. from the middle of March, as the
Year is in forwardnefs, unto the middle of A-
pril.

X. The Qualities , Specification , Preparations and
Virtues, are much the Lame with thoLe of Common
Daffodil in Chap. 189. aforegoing, which Lee in the
place cited.

CHAP. CXC1X.

Of DAFFODIL Ballard, narrow-
leav’d fingle-flowred.

I.'T' HE Names. It is called in Greeks

JL x/ar©- nvofvrK©- c i-xtdif : in Latin, Pfeudonar-
cijf/fs anguftifolius flore fimplici : in Englifh , Bafiard
Daffodil narrow-leav'd with fingle Flowers.

II. The Kinds. Of this there are three feveral
forts, viz. 1. Pfeudonarciffus anguftifolius flore fla-
vefeente Tubo quafi abfeiffo , Baftard Daffodil narrow-
leav’d, with a dipt Trunk. 2. Pfeudonarciffus Hi-
fpanict/s medius Cf minor luteus , Spanifh yellow
Baftard Daffodils, the two letter kinds. 3. Pfeu-
donarciffus Hifpanicus luteus minimus , The leaft
Spanifh yellow Baftard Daffodil.

III. The DeLcriptions. The firft , or Narrow-
leav’d Baftard, with a dipt Trunk, has a bulbous
Root , from which Spring long and narrow greyifh
green Leaves , bearing one fingle Flower at the top of
its Stalk , like unto the former Single Baftard kinds,
having its outer Leaves of a pale yellow color , and
its Trunk of a deeper yellow. The chief Differences
of this from the Englilh double Baftard in the former
Chapter , is in the Leaves , being narrow , and then
in the Trunk of the Flower, which is not crumpled
or turned up, as moft of the others are and that
the brims or edges of the Flower, are as if they had
been dipt off or cut even.

IV. The fecond, or Spanifh yellow Baftard letter
kinds, have a Root which is but fmall, and covered
with a darkifh Skin. Thefe two Letter kinds do dif-
fer but in Grealnefs the one from the other, and not
in any thing elfe •, Jo that in deferibing the one, you
may underftand the other. The Letter then has three
or four narrow, fhort , whitifh green Leaves from

among which comes forth a fhort Stalk, not above an
Hand Breadth or half a foot high, bearing one. fingle
Flower, not fully ftanding out right, but a little
bending down, confifting of fix fmall Leaves, ftand-
ing as Wings about a fmall but long Trunk, a little
crumpled at the brims. The whole Flower, as well
Leaves as Trunk, ark of one deep yellow color like
unto the Great Spanifh kind.

V. The third, or Leaft Spanifh yellow Baftard,
has a Root f mailer than either of the former the
Leaves of this Small kind are fmaller and fhorter
than the laft, feldom exceeding the length of three
inches, and very narrow withal, but of the fame
greyifh green color with the former every Flower
ftands upon a fmall and fhort Foot-Jialk, fcarce rifing
above the Ground -, fo that its Nofe, for the moft
part, does lye on or touch the Earth, and is formed
after the fame Fafhion, and of the fame color with
thofe immediately going before, but much l offer .

VI. The Places. The firft is a Native of the
Pyrenaan Mountains. The fecond are Natives of
Spain : and the third was alfo brought from thence
to us : and are all now nurs’d up in our Gardens.

VII. The Times. The firft flowers at the end of
March. The fecond and third about the beginning
of March : but with us they flower Lomething later,
becaufe of the Coldnefs of our Clime.

VIII. The Qtalities, Specification, Preparations
and Virtues, differ not much from the Common Daf-
fodils in Chap. 189. aforegoing ^ but thefe are Lup-
pofed to be Lomething weaker.

CHAP. CC.

Of DAFFODIL Ballard, narrow-
leav’d double-flowred.

I. /"Tp H E Names. It is called in Greek, ’invJbvd, ?-

J- x/aj©- s-ivo<t>vr.\®- 7reAAe«TAo©- ■- in Latin, Pfeu-
donarciffus anguftifolius fiore multiplici, vel pleno -,
and in Englifh, Bajiard Daffodil narrow-leav'd, with
a double Flower.

II. The Kinds. It is fingularis fui generis, with-
out any fub-ordinate Species ; and is vulgarly cal-
led, Pfeudonarciffus Gallicus minor flore pleno. The
letter French double Baftard Daffodil.

III. The Defcription. The Roots of this Letter
French kind, are like unto the Double Englifh kind,
as alfo to the former Double greater French kind -
and the Leaves are of the fame whitifh green color
alfo, but narrower, and not longer : the Stalk rifes a
little higher than the Englifh, and not fully fo high
as the Greater French, bearing one fair double Flow-
er on its top, of a pale yellow or Limon color, con-
fifting of Jix Rows of Leaves, every Row growing
J mailer than other unto the middle, and fo fet and
placed, that every Leaf of the Flower does ftand di-
rcfily almoft in all, one upon or before another, unto
the middle, where the Leaves are fmalleft, the out er-
moft being the great eft, which makes the Flower feem
the more beautiful. Tim and the Greater kind has
no Trunk, or fhew of any other thing in the middle,
as all or moft of the other former Double Baftard
Daffodils have, but are Flowers wholly compofed of
Leaves, ftanding double even to the middle. Par-
kinfon doubts whether this or the Greater French Ba-
ftard, ought to be called Baftard Daffodils or not,
becaufe the Flower in neither of them is made after
the Faftnon of other Baftard Daffodils, but rather
refembles the Form of the Double white Daffodil.

Chap. aoi. Englijl) Herbs.

:8

IV. The Places. This French double kind grows
about Qrleance in France , where it plentifully a-
bounds i but with us in England \ it is only nurs’d
up in Gardens.

" V. The Times, It flowers from the middle of
March to the middle of April.

V I. The Qualities , Specification , Preparations and
Virtues , are the fame with the Common Daffodil , all
which are difeourfed in Chap. 1 89. aforegoing.

CHAP. CCI.

0/ DAFFODIL Bafhrd,Rufli-leavd.

I./-T-' H E Names. It is called in Greeks "ViuArdf-

JL */.»©- aycM Ht •• in Latin , Pfeudonarciffus
Juncifolius , w/ Junceus : in Englijh , Baftard Rufh
Daffodil.

II* The Kinds. Authors make four feveral forts
of this Plant,t>iz. I .Pfeudonarciffus Juncifolius albus.
The white Baftard Junquilia, or Rufh DaffodiL 2.
Pfeudonarciffus Juncifolius luteus major , The greater
yellow Baftard Junquilia, or Baftard Rufh Daffodil.

3. Pfeudonarciffus Juncifolius luteus minor , The
lelfer yellow Baftard Junquilia, ot Rufh Daffodil.

4. Pfeudonarciffus Juncifolius luteus ferotinus ,
The. late yellow Baftard Junquilia, or Rufh Daf-
fodil.

III. The Defcriptions* The fir ft , £>* White Ba-
ftard Junquilia, has a bulbous Root , which rife

up two or three long and very green Leaves^ very
like unto the Small yellow Junquilia, or Rufh Daf-
fodil before defer ibed , but not altogether fo round :
from among which rifes up a Jhort Stalk , about fix
niches high, bearing at top , out of a skinny Husk ,
one fmall white Flower, fometimes declining to a pale
color , having fix fmall and Jhort Leaves ftanding a-
bout the middle of the Trunk , which is long , and
much wider open at the mouth than at the bottom.
The fmall outward Leaves or Wings are a little
tending to green , and the Trunk , as I faid , is either
white or whitijh , having the brims or edges a little
uneven. The Seed is fmall , black and round , like
unto other Junquilia, or Rufh Daffodils, but
f mailer.

IV. The fecond , or Greater yellow Baftard Jun-
quilia, has a bulbous Root , bigger than the former *
and the Leaves of this Greater kind are longer ,
greater and a little broader than the laft defer ibed.
'The Stalk alfo is higher , and the Flower larger , more
open at the Mouth , and more crumpled than the
White, but wholly of a yellow color. The Seed is
alfo larger , according to the Proportion of the
Plant.

V. The third , or LefTer yellow Baftard Junquilia,

is in Root , Leaves , and Flower , <7/7^ manner

of Growing , in all things fo like unto the lafl,

it is needlefs to trouble you with any farther Defer ip-
tion thereof \ the only Difference is in the Magni-
tude of the Plants , this being f mailer in all its
Parts.

VI. The fourth, or Late yellow Baftard Junquilia,
is in Root , Leaves, Stalk and Flower , alfo in man-
ner of Growing , very like unto the former Greater
yellow Baftard Junquilia, but with this Difference ,
that this is rather the larger Plant, and bears the
fairer Flower, and flowers alfo fame thing later than
that does.

VII. The Places. Thefe all came to us from the
Vyrenxan Mountains ■ and being tender Plants, are
with much Care, nurs’d up in our Gardens,

VIII. The Times.. The three hr ft flower in April:
the laft flowers a Month later, viz. jn May;

IX. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and
Virtues, are much the fame with the Common Daf-
fodil, of which we have lpoken in Chap. 189. afore-
going.

CHAP. CCll

Of DAFFODIL Bafhrd, Sea,

I.'T^ H E Names. It is called in Greek, 'FwJbvd^

X Kioj& Qdxchjt<& : in Latin, Pfeudonarciffus
Marinas •, and in Englijh , Sea Baftard Daffodil.

II. The Kinds. So far as we know, it is a An-
gular Plant of the kind * tho’ Authors feport, that
there are other forts of it, lome of which bear yel-
low Flowers, and others which bear red * but of
thole we can fay nothing in this places

III. An Obfervation. Some have called this
Plant Pancratium flore Li Hi -, but this was a Mi-
ftake. Others thought it to be a kind of Scylla^
and ufed it inftead of Squills in Tberiaca but this
was a dangerous Error. Others, as Clufius faith*
call’d it Hemerocallis, thinking it to be a Lilly *, and
Clufius does thereupon call it Hemerocallis Valenti *
na, but was wholly in the wrong : for it is neither
Pancratium, nor Scylla, nor Lillium * but it is cer-
tainly a kind of Daffodil , as the Form of Root*
Leaf, Stalk and Flower demonftrate.

IV. Obfervdt. 2. ’Tis true, Diofcorides will have
Pancratium to be a kind of Scylla $ and fo it was
called in his time, viz. Scylla radiee rubra * Which
had a Leaf like a Lilly , but longer, and was ufed
both with the fame Preparation and Quantity* and
for the fame Difeafes that Scylla was ufed for, only
that it was faid to be weaker. But beware of ufing
of this Sea Baftard Daffodil by fuch a Miftake, be-
caufe of its dangerous Effe&s, which ate faid to be
deadly : for it is reported, that one, out of Malice*
did before hand cut the Root of this Plant with the
Knife which another was prefently after to cut his
Meat withal , and that with an Intention to kill
him by the Poifon thereof, with which the Knife
was poifoned.-

V. The Defcription. It hoi a large white but*
bous Root , from which fpring feveral broad whitifh
green Leaves, but not very long * among which rifes
up a ft iff round Stalk, at the top whereof break out
of a great round skinny Husk , five or fix Flowers *
every one made fomewhat of the Fajhion of the Greater
Baftard Rufh Daffodil, but greater, and wholly
white * the fix Leaves being larger and longer than
in the Junquilia or Rufh kind, and extending beyond
the Trunk, are tipt with green at the point of each
Leaf, and down the middle likew fe, on the backfide *
The Trunk is longer, larger and wider open at the
Mouth, cut in or indented at the brims or edges , and
fmall at the bottom, with divers white Threads in the
middle , and is very fweet. Under the Flower is d.
round green Head, which grows very great , having
within it, when it is ripe, flat and black Seed \

VI. The Places. It grows near the Sea fide in
Italy, Spain and Frame, within the Straights , and
for the molt part upon all the Levant Shore, and
Iflands of the Mediterranean , but does not often
flower in our colder Climates * but it profpers, and
I faw it grow admirably well in fome parts of the
Southern Carolina, and other parts of Florida.

VII. The Times. It flowers towards the lattef
end of Summer, viz. in Auguft and September.

o o 2 m m

284 Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. I.

VIII. As to the Qualities and Medicinal Virtues
hereof’ Authors have faid nothing about it, but do
account it a virulent Poifon, rather than any thing
elfe : and yet it is poflible it may be prepared for
external Applications, with lingular Advantage a-
gainlt many ftubborn and rebellious Difeafes, fuch
as are Struma’s, Oedema’s, and other Infirmities of
like kind.

C H A P.I CCIII.

Of DAFFODIL Chequer’d

I. np H E Karnes. This Plant was unknown to

i the Greeks , as far as we can learn, and fo
has no proper Greek Name belonging to it : but it
is called in Latin , by Authors, Fritillaria , by Do-
dontus, Flos Melcagridis , ( The Ginny Hen-Flower ,
becaufe of the Variety of the Colors in the Flower,
agreeing with the Colors of the Feathers of a Ginny
Hen : ) by Lobe l, Lilio-narciffus , Variegatus , Lf Fur-
pure us Variegatus , Teffulatus. , ( making it a kind

of Tulip : ) others, Lilium variegatum : in Eng/ifh ,
The Chequer d Daffodil , The Chequer d Lilly , The
Ginny Hen-Flower , and Frit illary, by which lalt
Name it is molt known.

II. The Kinds. Some Authors will have it to be
of the kind of the Daffodil -, fome of the Tulip ■,
fome of the Lilly , and others as partaking of fome-
thing of all of them, and therefore have placed it
between them : but becaufe it is now molt com-
monly called, A Chequer'd Daffodil , we have placed
it immediately after the Daffodils. Hereof there
are many Species found out of late, as White, Red ,
Purple , Fellow , Black , of each of which there are
alfo feveral forts ^ but the Purple kind was that
which was firft known.

III. Authors make feveral Species hereof, fome
more, fome lefs : thofe which we (hall take notice
of in this Chapter, are the thirteen following, viz.
1 . Yritillaria vulgaris , The common Chequer’d Daf-
fodil. 2. Fritillaria vulgaris pallidior , pnecox Ef
Scrotina , The early and late common Chequer’d
Daffodil. 3. Fritillaria flore atro rubente , The
Blood-red Fritillary. 4. Fritillaria maxima purpu-
rea, five rubra. The great purple or red Fritillary.

5. Fritillaria alba , The white Chequer’d Daffodil.

6. Fritillaria fore duplici albicante, The double blufil
Fritillary. 7. Fritillary flore luteo puro. The abfo-
lute yellow Fritillary. 8. Fritillaria flore luteo va-
ria five punttato. The variegated yellow Fritillary.
9. Fritillaria lute a maxima Italic a. The great yellow
Italian Fritillary. 10. Fritillaria poly&nthos flore
parvo ltalorum. The fmall Italian Fritillary. 11.
Fritillaria lutea Juncifolia Lufitanica, The Portugal
lmall yellow Fritillary. 1 2. Fritillaria Pyrenaa,
five Apcnninea, The Pyrenaran black Fritillary. 13.
Fnt ill aria Umbellifera Hijpanica, TheSpanifh Um-
belliferous black Fritillary. Some think, that the
Name Fritillaria was given to it from Fritillus. , the
Chequer'd Board, upon which Gamefters play at
Dice -, this delightful Flower being Chequer’d in
like manner on its Leaves.

IV. The Defcriptions. The firft , or Common
Chequer’d Daffodil, has a fmall white bulbous Root,
but fomewhat flatijh, made as it were of two Cloves,
and divided in a manner into two parts, yet joining to-
gether at the bottom or feat of the Root, which holds
them both together. From between this Cleft or Di-
vifion , the Bud for the Stalk appears, which in time

rifes up to be a foot or joot and half high , being round
and of a brownifh green color, snore efpecially near
unto the Ground, whereon there ftands difperfedly
four or five narrow, long and green Leaves, being a
little hollow. At the top of the Stalk, between the
upper Leaves, ( which are f mailer than the loweft )
the Flower Jbews it felf, hanging or turning down the
Head, but not turning up again any of its Leaves,
as fome Lillies do. Sometimes this Stalk bears two
Flowers, and fometimes, yet but very feldom, three,
conjifting of fix Leaves apiece , of a reddifh purple
color, f potted diver fly with great Spots, appearing
like unto fquare Chequers, of a deeper color. The
infide of the Flower Is -of a brighter color than the
out fide, which has fome Greennefs at the bottom of
every Leaf. Within the Flower do appear fix Chives,
tipt with yellow Pendents , and a three-forked Stile
or Pomtel, compdfling a green Head, which , when
the Flower is paft, rifes upright again, and becomes
the Seed-Veflel, being fomething long and round, yet
having a fmall fhew of Edges, flat at the Head, like
the Head of a Lilly, and without any Crown, as the
Tulip has, in which is contained pale-colored flat Seed,
like unto thofe of the Lilly, but f mallei?.

V. The fecond, or Early and late common Che-
quer’d Daffodil, are of the fame kind with the for-
mer, but with thefe following Differences, viz. 1.
That fome of them do flower early, with or before the
Early-flowering Tulips ; and fome of them flower la-
ter, to wit, a Month or more after the former. 2.
That in fome the Color is paler ■, and in others again
of a very high or deep color. 3. That fometimes they
have eight Leaves, and fometimes ten or twelve
Leaves , as if two Flowers were made one, which
fome call a Double Fritillary. The Flowers at top of
the Stalk are Chequer'd moft admirably, and yet in
the fame , Nature has kept a wonderf ul Order, fur-
pajjing the mod curious Painting which Art can per-
form : one fquare is of a greenifh yellow color the
other purple, keeping the fame Order , as well on the
backfide of the Flower as on the infide • fometimes
they arc blackijh in one Square, and of a Violet-color
in another fo that Nature fee ms in a ftmple Flower
to bring forth Variety in PerfeUion,

VL The

Chap. 20 ‘Engltfh Herbs.

185

VI. The third , or Blood-red Friuliary, has a Root
fomewhat rounder and clojer than the firft 1, from
whence the Stalk rifes up , being Jhorter and lower
than in any other of theje kinds , having one or two
Leaves thereon , and at the top thereof two or three
more Jet clofer together , which are broader, fhorter
and whiter than any of them before , almofl like unto
the Leaves of the Yellow Fritillary ; from among
which top Leaves comes forth the blozoer , fomewhat
bending down , or rather flanding forth , being larger
than any of the former, and almoji equal in Large-
nefs to the Yellow Fritillary, of a dusky grey color
on the out fide, and of a very dark red color on the
infide, diver fly f potted or flraked : this very hardly
encreafes by the Root, and. as fcldom gives ripe Seed,
but flowers with the other fir ft or early forts, and
before the black kind, and abides a lefs time in blow-
er than any.

VII. The fourth, or Great purple or red Fritilla-
ry, has a Root equal to the Largenefs of the reft of its
parts ', from whence rifes up one, and fometimes two
Stalks, having one, two or three blowers apiece on
them, as Nature and the Seafon ferves : each one of
ihefe blowers are larger and greater than any of thofe
before deferibed, and pendulous in like manner as they
are, of a fad red or purplifh color, with many thwart
or crofs Lines on them, and fmall long Marks, which
J'carcely appear Chequerwife, nor are fo eminent or
confpicuous as in the former. The Stalk is jirong
and high, whereon are fet fever al long whitifh
green Leaves, larger and broader than thoje of the
former.

VIII. The fifth , or White Fritillary, has a Root
fo like unto the former, as not to be diflinguifhed,
and the whole Plant is fo very like unto the firft,
that it is needlefs to make any Defcription, but only
fhew the chief Differences. In this the Stalk and
Leaves are wholly green, by which this is difiin-
guifhed from that, whidl? is brownijh at bottom. The
blower in this is white, without almofl any fhew of
Spot or Mark in it, tho ’ in fome they are more plain-
ly to be fecn *, and in fome there is again a kind of
faint blufh color to be feen in the blower, efpecially
on the infide, the bottoms of the Leaves of every one
of which are greenifh , having alfo a fmall Lift of
green coming down towards the middle of each Leaf:
as for the Head or Seed-Veffel and Seed, they are fo
like to the firft , as not to be differenced from
them.

IX. The fixth, or Double blufh Fritillary, has a
white round flattifh Root, like unto the laft, bearing
a Stalk with long green Leaves thereon, little differ-
ing from it, or the firft deferibed kind. The blower
is conflantly the fame, compofedof many Leaves, be-
ing ten at the leaf, but mofl ufually twelve, of a pale
whitifh purple color , fpotted like unto the Paler ordi-
nary early Fritillary, fo that one would think it to
be an accidental kind thereof ■, whereas it is ( as is
aforefaid ) confiant in its Appearance and manner of
Flowering.

X. The feventh, or Abfolute yellow Fritillary,
has a whit ifh Root, more round and not fo flat as the
former kinds, and of a mean Largenefs. from the
middle rifes up a Stalk a foot and half high , and
fometimes higher , on which grow, without any Order,
fever al long and broadifh Leaves, of a whitifh green
color, like unto the Leaves of the Black Fritillary,
but not above half fo broad : the blower is fomewhat
fmall and long, not much unlike to the Black for
Shape or Form, but that the Leaves are f mailer and
rounder pointed, of a faint yellowifh color, without
any fhew of Spots or Chequers at all, either within or
without the blower , having fome Chives and yellow
Pendents in the middle, as are to be feen in them all.
I he Seed is like to that of the firfl kind.

XI. The eighth , or Variegated yellow Fritillary,
has a Root like to the other , but not fo flat, jt
grows not much lower than the former, and brownifh
at the rifing up, having its Leaves whiter, broader
and fhorter than it, and almofl round-pointed. The
blower is greater and larger Jpread than any of the
aforc-defcribed , and of a fair pale yellow color, fpet *
ted in very good order with fine, fmall , yellow Che-
quers, which give it a wonderful pleafing Beauty ■,
It has alfo fome Lifts of green running dozen the
back of every Leaf', and feldom yields any Seed \

XII. The ninth, or Great yellow Italian Fritilla*
ry, from a Root fomewhat like to the others before,
it fends up a round and brown green Stalk, on which
grow fever al Leaves, fomewhat broad and Jhort,
which encompafs the Stalk at their bottom , of a dark
green color •, at the top of which Stalk, which bends
a little downwards, do mofl ufually grow three or flout
Leaves, between which comes forth mofl commonly
but one Flower, which is longer than the laft, hang-
ing down the Head, cue all the others do, confifling of
fix Leaves, of a dark yellowifh purple color, fpotted
with fome fmall red Chequers. This flowers late, or
not till all the other are pafl.

XIII. The tenth, or Small Italian Fritillary, has
much alike Root and Stalk, but f mailer : the Stalk
has fever al fmall, Jhort , green Leaves thereon to the
very top , but it bears a greater ftore of Flowers than
the former, bat they are much f mailer, and of a yel ’*■
lowifh green color, fpotted with long and fmall dark
red Marks or Chequers.

XIV. The eleventh, or Portugal fmall yellow
Fritillary, has a Root much like the others be forego-
ing : the Leaves are fo fmall, narrow and long, that
it has caufed it to obtain the Name of Rufhes, or
Fritillaria Juncifolia, Rufh Fritillary, which grow up-
on a long, weak, round Stalk, fet without Order ,
The Flower is fmall and yellow, l>ut thicker Che-
quer'd with red Spots than any of the other Yellow
Fritillaries ^ the Stalk of the blower at Head thereof
being alfo of a yellowifh color.

XV. The twelfth, or Pyrenzan black Fritillary,
has a Root which does often grow fo great, that it
feems like unto the Root of a Small Crown Imperial,
The Stalk is ftrong, round and high, fet without Or-
der, with broader and whiter green Leaves than a-
ny of the former, bearing one, two or three blowers ,
not being fo large as thofe of the Common purple
Fritillary, but fmaller, longer and rounder, fome-
times turning tip the brims or edges of the Leaves a*
gain, and are of a yellowifh fhining green color on the
infide, fometimes fpotted with red Spots, almofl thro *
the whole infide of the Flower, unto the very edge ,
which abides of a pale yellow color 5 and fometimes
again there are very few Spots to be fecn, and thofe
from the middle only on the infide, (for on the out -
fide of this fort there never appears any Spots at all)
and fometimes without any fhew of Spots -, fometimes
alfo of a more pale green, and fometimes of a more
yellow color. The outfide of the blowers do likew fie
vary j for in fome the outfide of the Leaves are of a
dark dull yellow, fometimes of a more pale yellow,
and other times of a dark purplifh yellow , which in
fome is fo deep and fo much, that it rather feems
black than purple or yellow, and this chiefly about the
bottom of the Flower, next to the Stalk, 'but the edges
are f ill of a yellowifh green. The Head and Seed
are like unto the former, but larger in all ref pells.

XVI. The thirteenth, or Spanilh Umbelliferous
black Fritillary , is no doubt of kin to the laft de-
feribed -, but is in its Root, Stalk, Leaves and Flow-
ers greater than it, and fo greater in the whole, as if
growing in a fatter or richer Soil, it were the
flronger, and fo ??iore proliferous and able to bear a
greater flore of blowers. The Flowers grow four or

o8 6 Salmon V Herbal. Lib. I.

five from the Head together, hanging down, round
about the Stalk, like unto a Crown Imperial, and
are of ayclloicifh green color on the infide, /potted
with a jew red Spots , the outfide being blackifh as
the former.

XVII. The Places. The firft of thefe came from
France, where, about Orleance, it grows plentiful-
ly : the other forts grow in thole Countries which
their Titles indigitate , but are all of them nurs d
up with us in Gardens of Florifts , and are moft of
them become Natives of this Kingdom.

XVIII. The Times. The early kinds do flower in
the beginning of April, according to theMildnefs or
Hardneis of the aforegoing Winter : the others flow-
er alter the firft are paft tor a Months^ fpace, one
after another •, and the Great yellow is very late,
not flowering till about the middle or the end of
May. ^

XIX. As to the Qualities, Specification, Prepa-
rations and Virtues of thefe Plants, or any of them,
Authors have laid nothing at all, whether inwardly
to be taken or outwardly to be applied * nor have I
had any Experience of their Efte&s in my fourty
Years Practice : they are a glorious and admirable
Elower, of an extraordinary Beauty, and their chief
Ufe with us, is to be an Ornament for Gardens,
which they nobly beautify, and therefore deferve
our Cultivation, Entertainment and Obfervation
efpecially of Florijis, and other Lovers of Curiofi-
ties of this kind.

CHAP. CCIV.

Of D A I S I E Garden.

I.np H E Names . The Daifie is called in Greek ,

A (as lome fuppofe, from Theophraftus lib. 7.
cap. 9.) ’A vHtplf but this I judge to be a Miftake,

for it does not plainly appear in any Greek Author,
that the Grecians had the Knowledge thereof : in
Latin , Beilis , Pliny lib. 2 6. cap. 9. and in Englifh,
Garden Daifie. The Latins alfo call it, Herba
Margarita.

II. The Kinds. The chief kinds are, 1. Beilis
hortenfis , The Garden Daifie, of which in this Chap-
ter. 2. Beilis agreftis , The Field Daifie, of which
in Chap. 205. 3. Beilis major vulgaris. The greater
common Daifie, of which in Chap. 206. 4. Beilis
Jpinofa, The Thorney Daifie, or which in Chap.
207. 9. Beilis Americana, The Weft India or Ame-
rican Daifie, of which in Chap. 208. following.

III. Beilis hortenfis, or the Garden Daifie is ma-
nifold, viz. 1. Beilis minor fiore rubro fimplici, Sin-
gle red Daifies. 2. Beilis major fiore albo pleno, The
great double white Daifie. 3. Beilis minor fiore
pleno variorum colorum. The lefler double Daifies
of divers colors. 4. Beilis minor prolifera. Double
double Dailies. 5. Beilis Globularia cerulea. Blew
Globe Daifies. 6. Beilis Globularia lute a. Yellow
Globe Daifies.

IV. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Single red
Daifie, has Roots which are fmall, white and fibrous
or thready -, from whence rife many fmooth , green,
round-pointed Leaves, lying on the Ground , a little
fnipt about the edges : from among which rife up ma-
ny J lender round Foot -/talks, rather than Stalks or
Stems , about an hand breadth high at moft, and fome-
times not fo high, bearing one Flower apiece , confi-
ning of many Jmall Leaves , as a Pale or Border, Jet
about a middle Thrum : the Leaves are almoft wholly
red. 'whereat m the middle they are white or whitijh ,

enclining to red on the edges , the middle being
yellow.

BELLIS:

(gammon.

V. The feconl. , or Great double white Daifie, bdi
a white fibrous or ftringy Root : the whole Plant is
fo like to the Great Angle kind, which grows by
Highways , and in Meadows and Fields, that there is
no difference between them, but in the Flower, which
in this is double. It has many long and fomewhat
broad Leaves, lying upon the Ground , deeply cut in
on both fides, fomewhat like unto an Oaken Leaf :
but thofe which are on the Stalks, are Jhorter , nar-
rower, and not fo deeply cut in, but only notched on
the edges. The Flowers at the top are white and dou-
ble, eonfifiing of fever al Rows of Leaves, being greater
in Compafs than any of the Double Dailies which f of
low , but nothing fo double of Leaves .

Chap. 204. , TLngUjh. Herbs.

287

VI. T he third , 0/’ Lefier double Daifie , has a
white fibrous Root , /raw whence rife Leaves , /y/zz^

the Ground , z/z Fom like to the Common fingle
ones, /zwzz which they differ little or nothing , but
that they are [mailer , and. little or nothing [nipt a-
bout the edges. The Stalks like wife are [mailer and
lower , but bearing as double Flowers as any , being
compofed of many J mall Leaves , thick thruft together ,
</ various colors •, /Zv* fome are wholly of a pure
white , others have a little red , dfperfed upon

the white Leaves or on the edges , and fome times on
the backs of the Leaves : fome again feem to be of a
whit iff ref more red than white , w/wz indeed they
are white Leaves , dfperfed among the red : others
are of a deep or dark red color •, tfzzc/ /cwz^ are f peck-
led or flriped with white and red through the whole
Flower : and in fome the Leaves will be red on the
upper fide , and white underneath : and fome ( tho
but very rare ) are of a greeniff color. Of this kind
fome have Stalks and Heads which are round -, and
fome again which are flat : wdfch lafl I have known
to degenerate into round , and fo to continue.

VII. The fourth , or Double double Daifie, has
no difference in Root, Leaf or Stalk from the former
kind , but only in the Flower •, which in this bears
matiy f mall double Flowers , flan ding upon very ffort
Stalks round about the middle Flower , which is uj u al-
ly as great and double as any of the other double
kinds , and is either wholly of a deep red or fpeckled
with white and red , as in fome of the former kinds ,
or dlfe greenifh , all -the f mall Flowers about it being
of the fame color with the middlemofl.

VIII. The fifth, or Blew Globe Daifie, has a hard
and fibrous Root, and. a great Affinity with the Plant
lafl deferibed, both in Form of its Leaf and Flower.
It has many narrower , fherter and blacker green
Leaves than the former, lying round about upon the
Ground -, among which rife up fender, but fliff and
hard Stalks, fix inches or more high, fet here and
therewith J. mall Leaves, and at the top a J. mall round
Head, compofed of many f 'mall blew Leaves, fome-
what like unto a Scabious Head •, and fometimes it is
alfo found with white Heads of Flowers. The whole
Plant is of a bitter Tafle.

IX. The fixth, or Yellow Globe Daifie, has a Root
of a Fingers length, round and hard, with a thick
Rind, and a woody Pith in the middle, of a Jharp dry-
ing Tafle and flrong Smell : from whence rife up
many thick, fmooth , round, pointed Leaves, fpread
upon the Ground like the former : among which fpring
tip feveral [mail round rufhy Stalks, a foot high,
bearing about their middle two f mall Leaves at the
Joints , and at the tops round Heads of Flowers
thruft thick together, [landing in purplifh Husks , e-
very one of which Flowers do blow or fpread into five
Leaves Star-fafhion , and of a fair yellow color, fuel-
ling not much unlike to Broom Flowers, with many
f mall Threads in the middle, encompaffing a fiat Poin-
tel, horned or bended two ways. After the Flowers
are faded, rife up Seed-Veffels, which are round,
[welling out in the middle, and divided into four
parts at the tops, containing within them round, flat,
black Seed, with a [mail Gut or Notch in them. The
Leaves of this Plant are of a Jharp and bitter Tafle .

X. The Places. The firft four are planted and
found only in Gardens *, and require to be often re-
planted, otherwife they degenerate into fingle Flow-
ers, or at leaft into lefs double. The two lafl: are
alfo Garden-Flowers, but more rarely to be met with
than the others ^ the Blew Daifie is a Native of
Mompelier in France, and of the Mountains in ma-
ny places of Italy •, the Fellow kind is Italian, and
found up and down in the Kingdom of Naples.

XI. The Times, All forts of Daifies almoft flow-

er betimes in the Spring, during April and May,
and fome of them in June but the former Blew
and Fellow flower not uncil Auguft or September.

XII. The Qualities. They are cold and dry in
the firlt Degree ■, and are Abfterfive, Aftringenr, In-
carnative and Vulnerary ; Hepatick, Archritick and
Analeptick.

XIII. T he Specification. They are dedicated to
the Curing of Wounds ; for which Reafon Authors
have accounted them among the Confoiidx , or
Wound-Herbs.

XIV. The Preparations. You may prepare there-
from, 1. A liquid Juice. 2.. An Effence. 3. A
DecoSion. 4. A compound Decofficn in Wine.

An Ointment. 6. A Balfam. 7. A Cataplajm. 8.
A dijhlled Water. 9. An Acid l inSure. 1.0. An
Oily Tmlhtrc.

The Virtues.

XV. The liquid Juice. It is good to heal
Wounds, whether inward or outward : it unites
with and ftrengthens'the Balfam of the Blood, and
fQ induces the Healing, by drying, ftrengthning and
conglutinating. It abates Heat, and alleviates the
Boiling of Choler, refrefliing the Livfer and other in-
ward Parts. It is good to cure the founds made
in the Cavity of the Thorax or Bred, being taken
two or three ounces at a time, three or four
times a day, either alone or mixed with a lioic
Wine : dropped into running Eyes, it much helps
them.

XVI. The Effence. It has all the former Virtues
to a great Advantage, excepting that it heals more •,
but it much more powerfully confolidates Wounds.
It may be given alone, from one ounce to two or
three ounces, or it may be mixed with a Syrup made
of rhe Juice of the fame Herb.

XVII. The De coll ion. It cures inward Wounds
of the Breft as the former Preparations do ; but it
is not altogether lb powerful. If it is made with
Wine, it cleanles, incarnates and cures all Ulcers
and Pulftes in the Mouth or Tongue, or in the Se-
cret Parts.

XVIII. The compound DecoUion. Take Daifie
Leaves and Roots five handfuls : Agrimony , Dioarf
Elder , of each three handfuls : being bruifed, boil
all in three quarts of Wine till a quart or more is
confumed : then ftrain out for Life. It is good a-
gainft Palfie, Gout and Sciatica, to foment the pans
therewith two or three times a day, lb hot as the
Patient can endure ; it comforts the Nerves, and
eafes the Pains of the Parts afflifted.

XIX. The Ointment. It cleanfes, dries and heals
old Ulcers, and diflolves or difperfes T amors, Knots
or Kernels in the fiefhy Parts of the Body : it dif-
cuffes Ample Contuftons, which come thro’ Falls or
Blows and abates Tumors or Swellings in the
Scrotum , being duly applied : it is faid to cure
wonderfully all forts of fimple Wounds accompani-
ed with Inflammation, and fuclt as are kept 'long
from healing by reafon of the Afflux of Humors to
them, whether in the Joints, Arms or Legs.

XX. The Balfam. It has all the Virtues of the
Ointment, but it cleanfes putrid and corrupt Sores,
and foul Ulcers, much better than that : and lome^
times it cures fimple green Wounds at one Dreffing.
It gives eafe in the Gout and Sciatica, and itreng-
thens the Nerves and weak Joints, being applied.

XXI. The Cataplafm, It difculfes recent Tumors
and fimple Contuftons 5 and is effeflual, being ap-
plied, to Swellings of the Scrotum : applied to a
fimple recent Wound, after it has been waffled with
Spirit of Wine, it many times conglutinates the
Lips thereof at the firft Application.

XXII. The

288 Salmon j ‘Herbal . Lib. I.

XXII. The diftillei Water. It is cooling, and I
has the Virtues of the. liquid Juice, but very much
weaker however, it may be ufed as a Vehicle to
convey retrigerating or cooling things in : it abates
the Heat of Fevers, abates inward Inflammations,
and allays the Turgency of Choller.

XXIII. The Acid Tin fl lire. It is Angular good
to cute Fevers, efpecialLy fuch as am burning, ma-
lignant or peftilential : it cools powerfully, quenches
Thirlt and compoies the Spirits. _ Dole 30, 40 or
60 drops or more in fome convenient Vehicle, or in
anv thing the Patient drinks, and to be as often re-
petted as they call for any thing to quench their

Thirlt with. , _ . . .

XXIV. The Oily Tmtture. It is a Angular thing
againft all Wounds and Punftures of the Nerves :
it alio cures Convullions in what part of the oody
foeter ; and is a famous thing againft Palfies, it the
Back-bone, as alfo all the Parts affefted, be well a-
nointed therewith by a cheerful Fire, and it is well
rubbed in for half an hour at a time, and this twice
a day, viz. Morning and Evening.

CHAP. CCV.

Of D A I S I E Field.

I rjs yy E -Name!. It is called in Latin, Beilis a-
L ere ft is , Herb a margarita *, and by fome, Con-
Johd.i 'minor : and in Englijb , Daifte, and held

1 ll The Kinds. There are two principal kinds
thereof, which are very common, viz. 1. Beilis
minor Sylvefiris. , The lefler Wild Daiue. 2. Beilis
water vel media Sylvejirts , The greater or middle
Wild or Field Daiiie.

HI. The Defcriptions. The firfi, or Small com-
mon Angle Field Daifie, has a Root which is /null,
white and fibrous ; from the Head of which fpr mgs
forth many thick and fomewhat long green Leaves ,
lying upon the Ground , fmall at the bottom , but
broad , and almoji round towards the point or end,
and a little dented about the edges, from among t his
heap or tuft of Leaves rife up many very J lender ,
weak and naked Stalks , or rather loot-Jialks , of three,
four or five , or more inches high, bearing every one
of them a fmall green Head, from whence rife many
fmall white Leaves , encompajjing a yellow Thrum ,
which is in the middle. Sometimes the green Leaves
will be found much larger in one place than in ano-
ther ; and the flower likewife will w fome be red-
dijh at the ends , and fometimes under flamed and.
yet not with fancying all this difference , they are but
one kind or fort , and not divers , as fome main-
tain.

IV. The fecond , or Greater or middle Field Dai-
fie, tho' it is another Species , yet it agrees with the
former in mofl refpefls , faving that its main Root is
thicker and longer , with many fmall white Fibres
proceeding therefrom : the Leaves are larger and
dented in almoji in like manner on the edges : the
Stalks are thicker , but round and fomewhat higher j
and the Flowers, like the other, white, and fometimes
on the tips of their Leaves with a blufh of red, but
they are larger every way : the Thrum in the middle
is alfo bigger, but of the fame yellow color with the
before deferibed.

V. The Places. They grow wild almoft every
where, in moft Meadows and Pafture-Grounds of
this Kingdom.

VI. The Times. They flower in moft of the
Summer Months, viz. in April, May, June and
July.

VII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations
and Virtues, are the fame with Garden Dafies, on-
ly they are with this Advantage, that the Field Dai-
jie is more effectual for all the Purpofes defigned :
fee Chap. 204. fett. 1 2. ad 24. aforegoing.

CHAP.

Chap. 2o 6. EngUjh Herbs.

89

CHAP. CCVI.

Of D A I S I E Great.

0 R ,

MAUDLI N-W O R T.

I. I ' H E Karnes. It is called in hat in, BeUis
». magna , Maxima Ef Major -, and in Englifh ,
great Dai fie, (but it is the greateft of all the
forts of Daifies) and Maudlin-wort.

II. The Kinds. It is Singular is fui generis •, and
is called by fome Authors, Conjohda media , The
middle Confound but the true middle Confound
is Bugula others, to make a Difference in the
Name between Bugle and this, call it Confolida me-
dia Vulncrariorum : however, it is taken bv all to
be Confolida medii generis , or a kind of middle Con-
found, from the Virtues it is endowed with.

ft a Ik , and the white and narrow heaves a/e as a
Pale or Border round about the middle yellow Thrum
and are of no Smell at all : after the f lowers are
paft , then comes the Seed , which is fomewhat long ,
and is blown away with the Wind.

IV. The Places. It grows almoft every where,
by Hedge-fides, in Meadows, the Borders of Fields,
and other walte Grounds.

V. The Times. It fiourifhes and flowers in the
Months of May and June.

VI. The Qualities. It is cold in the firft Degree,
and temperate in refpeH to Drynefs and Moiiture,
but in fome Authors Opinions it enclines to Dry-
nefs. It is Aftringent, Conglutinative and Vulne-
rary, appropriated to the Liver and Joints, and is
Analeptick.

VII. The Specification. It confolidates and con-
glutinates the Lips of Wounds to a Miracle.

VIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. A liquid Juice. 2. An E (fence. 3. A
Decollion. 4. A dfiilled Water. 5. A Wound
Drink. 6. An Ointment or Balfam. 7. A Cata-
plafm. 8. A Clyfier.

III. The Defcription. It has a Root which is a
Bufh of white Fibres or Strings , which abide many
Winters with the heaves , fhooting forth every Spring
anev: : from the Head of this Root fpring forth many
long , narrow and narrow-pointed heaves , lying next
the Ground, but cut in on both fides, making it feem
almofl like the Divifions of fome forts of Oaken
heaves, or rather like to the heaves of Groundfel :
the Stalks grow to be fomewhat tall, viz. about a foot
and half in height, with divers heaves thereon, much
in Shape like the other, but fmaller and lefjer divi-
ded than the lower •, and growing yet fmaller and
leffer divided, the nearer they grow to the top. At
the tops of the Stalks grow pretty large Flowers,
with white heaves, and a yellow Thrum in the mid-
dle, like the Flower of the Single Field Daifie, or
thofe of May-weed, but fome thing lefter than this
lajl named , each Flower grows upon a feveral Foot-

The Virtues.

IX. The liquid Juice. It is given to very good
Purpofe to heal any inward Wound, confolidate the
Rupture of any Veffel in the Thorax, cure Spitting
or Piffing of Blood, and helps Ruptures of the In-
reftines. Dofe two or three ounces Morning and
Evening in a Glafs of old Malaga or Red Port
Wine.

X. The Effence. It has all the former Virtues ■,
befides which, it is excellent againft Bloody -fluxes,
and all other Fluxes of the Bowels : and has fome-
times been found of good Ufe in overflowing of the
Loches, or of the Terms in Women. Dole two,
three or four fpoonfuls Morning and Night, in a
Glafs of Generous Wine.

XI. The dfiilled Water. It is fa id to be good a-
gainft Ruptures of the Bowels ^ and may be ufed as
a Vehicle to convey other Medicines in : fweetned
with Sugar Candy, it is very good againft a
Cough.

XII. The Wound Drink. T)t of this Daifie heaves
fix handfuls : Sanicle, All-heal, of each three hand-
fuls : Bugle two handfuls : Angelica one handful *
boil all in Water fix quarts to three : ft rain out and
add thereto an equal part of white Port Wine, which
fweeten a little with white Sugar ns it is taken.
Dofe eight ounces Morning, Noon and Night : it
is of great EffeU in the Cure of all forts of old and
malign Ulcers, Fiftula’s, and the like.

XIII. The Ointment or Balfam. It is made with
Oil, Turpentine and Wax, and is excellent for
Wounds , efpecially thofe in which there is any
thing of Inflammation, and will not come to Dige-
ftion or Maturation, as are thofe Si novice or weeping
Wounds made in the Knees, Elbows and other
Joints.

XIV. The Cat dplafm. It is good againft all

burning Apoftems and Ulcers, as alfo an Inflamma-
tion and Running of the Eyes, being applied There-
to : it likewife eafes the exrream Pain of the Gout,
being applied, and renewed as often as need re-
quires.

XV. The Clyfier. It gives eafe in the vehement
Torments of the Guts, Gripings of the Bowels, and
is profitable in the violent Heat of Agues •, and al-
ters the Habit of the Belly where there is a great
Stypticity or Binding : and in a Bloody-flux, Diar-
rhea or Lienteria, it does much good.

PP

CHAP

• I ft

1 C

Salmon s 'Herbal. Lib. 1.

CHAP. CCVII.

Of D A I S I E Thorney.

I. np H E Names. It is called in Latin , Beilis
1 fpinofa flore luted nudo , alfo Beilis major
fpinofa : in Englifh , The Thorney Daifie , or The
naked-jlowred yellow Daifie , with prickly Leaves.

II. 'The Kinds. It is a fingular Plant of its kind,
and noted becaufe of its naked Flower.

VI. As to its Vitalities , Specification , Preparati-
ons and Virtues , Authors have faid nothing , and
therefore we fhall be filent concerning the fame. It
is a Curiofity valued by Florifts , and lerves chiefly
as an Ornament for the Garden.

CHAP. CCVIII.

Of D A I S I E American.

III. The Defcription. It has a Root confining of
a great Tuft or Bufh of long blackifh Strings ,
long Fibres , whofe Tafle is bitter and unpleafant ,
and its Smell fomething firong -, from the Head oj
ivhich firingy Root , fpring up divers Heads of very
fmall green Leaves , dented about the edges , and e-
very dent fharp at the point , which Jhooting up into
Stalks , with the like , but lejfer Leaves on them , be-
come hard and woody up to the tops , fometimes
branched and fometimes not , but bearing on their va-
rious tops feveral fmall round Flowers on feveral
fmall Foot-fialks, , ivhich Flowers have no Border oj
Leaves , either white or yellow, to encompafs them ,
but are like to thofe oj the Naked Cammomil or
Fetherfew, fomewhat lejfer , being a yellow round
Knob , fomething hollow in the middle. When the
Flower is pafi, there come in their places fmall Heads
with Seed, each oj ivhich is fmall, long and whitijh ,
which mujj be quickly gathred widen it is ripe, or o-
therwife it quickly falls, or is blown away with the
Wind.

IV. The Places. It was firft brought out of Italy
by Dr. Find, from the Garden of Pifa, in the Duke
of Florence his Dominions j but is only nurs’d up
with us in Gardens.

V. The Times. It is in its Vigor in June, and
flowers in June, July and Auguft ■, and feeds' in
fome little time after.

TH E Names. It is called in Latin, Beilis A-
mericana, Beilis Americana Umbel/if era, and
Beilis major Ramofa Americana : in Englifh, The
great white, or American Daifie.

II. The Kinds. This is alfo Jingularis fui gene-
ris, and therefore admits but of a Angle Delcrip-
tion.

III. The Defcription. It has a fibrous or firingy
Root , from which fpring up one, two or more Stalks^
which grow higher and greater than the Great Daifie
in Chap. 206. aforegoing : the Leaves are alfo larger,
and broadefi towai'ds the ends, but longer and f mai-
ler at the bottoms, dented like wife about the edges,
jhooting forth feveral Branches, and all of them
bearing many white Flowers at their tops, as it were
in an XJmb/e, yet not fo great , nor the ivhite Leaves
fo large as it, but fmaller, and more in number,
with a grecnifb yellow Thrum in the middle, fome of
which are a little larger than others : the Seed is al-
fo fmaller than that in Maudlin-wort.

IV. Tide Places. It was firft brought to us from
Virginia, and grows well enough in our Gardens,
being looked after with a little Care : I alfo found
it growing in leveral places in the Southern parts of
Carolina, and other parrs adjacent thereto.

V. The Times. It flowers in May and June, and
the Seed is ripe in fome fhort time after.

VI. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations
and Virtues, are the lame with thole of the Great
Daifie in Chap. 20 6. aforementioned. It is indeed
a fingular Wound-Herb, and ought to be commend-
ed for the fpeedy curing of Ample green Wounds,
being made into proper Ointments or Balfams , or
applied in the Form of a Cataplafm .

CHAP. CCIX.

Of DANDELION,

0 R,

PI S S-A-BE D Common.

I./“| ~^HE Names. This Plant feems to be un-
1 known to the Greeks, and therefore can have
no Greek Denomination, tho’ fome Authors will
have it to be the 'hN-ttvoi©-, Plinii lib. 20. cup. 8.
and others, that it is the ’a Thcophrajh, which
is Ambubeia , a kind of Cichory, or Priefis Crown :
but in Latin it is called, Dens Leonis, Rojh um Por-
cinum, and Corona vel Caput Alonachi and in Eng-
lijh. Dandelion, or Pifs-a-bed.

II. The Kinds. It is doubtlels one of the kinds
of Wild Succory -, of which there are feveial Spe-
cies, viz. 1. Dens Leonis vulgaris , Our common

Dandelion,

a t$4:

Chap. 209. 'Englijh Herbs.

Dandelion, of which in this Chapter. 2. Dens
Peregrin/ts , Outlandifh Dandelion, of which in the
next Chapter.

III. This our Common Dandelion is alfo two-
fold, viz. 1. Dens Leonis latifolius vulgaris , Uri-
naria, Hieracium majus Tragi , Hieracium parvum
Cordi, (in Hiftoria) Hieracium minus Gefneri, (in
Harris) Cbondrilla altera Thalii , Dodonai , Cffalpi-
ni , Hedypnois major Fuchfii , Hedypnois Dalechampii
C? Lugdunenfis, Tar axicon minus Loniceri, Taraxa-
converum of Scrapio Lf Avicen : and fo it is ufed
with us in all Compofitions wherein Taraxacon is
named •, Our Common broad-leav’d Dandelion. 2.
Dens Leonis angujUoribm fo/iis : Aphaca angufiioris
folii Cafalpini , The narrow-leav’d Dandelion.

IV. The Defcriptions. The fir) ?, or Broad-leav’d
kind, has a Root which grows downwards very deep ,
which being broken off within the Ground , will ne-
verthelefs fhoot forth again anew , and with difficulty
be def rayed when it has once taken deep Rooting :
from the Head of this Root fpring forth fever al long
and deeply gafhed Leaves , lying round about it on the
Ground -, the ends of each Gafh or Jag on both fides
looking downwards to the Root again , the middle Rib
being white, which being broken , yields much bitter
Juice , of a Milk-white Color and Subfiance , but the
Root much more, from among thefe Leaves ( which
alwaies abide green ) arife many flender , weak, naked
Foot-fialks , ( rather than Stalks) of about fix, eight
or ten inches high , very rarely a foot long, every one
of them bearing at the top one large yellow Flower,
confifiing of many Rows of yellow Leaves, broad at
the Points, and notched in, with a deep Spot of yel-
low in the middle, which growing ripe, the green
Husk, in which the blower fiood, turns it f elf down
to the Stalk, and the Head of Down becomes as round
as a Ball, with long redd fib Seed underneath, each
Seed bearing a part of the Down on its Head -, which
Seed, together with the Down, is blown away with

291

the Wind, and when pcrfeBly ripe, may with a Blafi
of ones Mouth be blown perfcBly away.

V. The fecond, or Narrow kind, as to its Root,
Stalks, Flowers, Down, Seed and manner of Grow-
ing is wholly like the before defer ibed : the Leaves in
f fringing forth, growing, round the Root, the Number
and Deepnefs of the G afhes or Divifions on the edges,
are much like the former alfo -, but in this the Diffe-
rence is, that the Leaves of this latter Plant are
narrower -, and by. this one Note it may be difiin-
guifhed.

VI. The Places. They grow almoft every where,
in all Meadows and Patture-Grounds, in Clofes
near to Water-Ditches, as alfo in Gardens and High-
ways. The firft Ts common almoft every where •,
but the fecond is fomewhat rarer, yet often to be
met with.

VII. The Times. They flower thro1 all the Sum-
mer Months ', and the firft is found in fome place or
other in flower every Month of the Year, especially
if the Winter is mild, and not extream cold.

VIII. The Vitalities. Dandelion is cold and dry
in the firft Degree : Aperitive, Abfterfive, Diuretick
and a little Aftringent *, Stomatick, Hepatick, Sple-
netick and Nephritick.

IX. The Specification. It is Angular againft Ob-
ftruflions of the Vilcera,. and Hypochondriack Me-
lancholy.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
1. A Sallet. 2. A liquid Juice. 3. An E fence.
4. A DecoBion. 5. A difii lied Water. 6. An Oint-
ment or Balfam. 7. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

XI. The Sallet. Whether eaten raw with other
Herbs, or boiled, and fo drefs’d up with Butter, Vi-
negar, Salt and Pepper, it is faid to be a good Dilh
to open Obftruftions of the Bowels, cleanfe the Sto-
mach, caufe a good Appetite, and purity the Blood :
the French and Dutch are faid to eat them often in
the Spring ^ but I believe for the molt part as a
boiled Sallet.

XII. The liquid Juice of Leaves and Roots. It
may be given to two or three ounces in a Morning
fatting, and likewifeat Night going to Bed, either
alone by it felf, or mixt with a Glals of White Port
Wine, to purify the Blood and Juices, open all forts
of Obftruftions of the Bowels, expel the Jaundice,
provoke Urine, refill Hypochondriack Melancholy,
and eafe the Pain of the Spleen.

XIII. The E (fence of Leaves and Roots. It has
all the Virtues of the liquid Juice, being more pow-
erful to thofe Intentions : befides which, this ripens
and digefts inward Apoftems of the Vilcera and U-
rinary Palfage, breaks, cl eanfes and heals them, and
more powerfully opens the Palfages of the Urine,
whether in Young or Old. Dofe three or four
fpoonfuls in White Lisbon Wine, Morning and
Night.

XIV. The DecoBion in Wine or Water. It has the
Virtues of the former Preparations, but in a lower
degree : however, it is good to be drank half a pint
at a time Morning and Evening, by fuch as are in-
clining to a Confumption, or have an ill Difpofiti-
on of the whole Body, called by the Learned, Ca-
chexia in which cafes being ufed for fome confide-
rable time, it gives a wonderful Relief ^ befides, be-
ing made in Water, and acuated with a few drops
of Oil of Sulphur, it prevails againft all forts of
burning, putrid, malign and peftilential Fevers.

XV. The di filled Water. Acuated with Oil of

Sulphur, it prevails againft the Spotted-Fever, and
the Plague it felf : mixed with the liquid Juice or

P p 2 Eifence,

2C)i Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

Elfence, it is good to wafh and domic old Sores,
running Fiftula’s and putrid Ulcers, and fo to dif-
pore them to a fpeedy healing. _ .

XVI. T be Ointment or Balfam. It digelts, ripens,
cletnfes, dries and heals old and running Sores and
is a very good thing in all ftubborn and rebellious
Ulcers,' to bring them to a Cicatrize.

XVII. The Cataplafm. Being applied hot and
often renewed, it brings Apoftemations to Maturi-
ty 1 and being applied cold made of the green Herb,
it difcufles Tumors arifing in Ample Contutions,
hinders the Aggregation or Flux of Humors, and
eafes the Pain.

CHAP. CCX.

Of DANDELION Outlandifh.

I. qp H E Names. It has no Greek Name •, but

1 is called in Latin, Dens Leonis peregrinus =,
and in Englijh, Outlandijh Dandelion.

1 1 . The Kinds. There are five Species hereof^-
i. Dens Leonis tenuijjimo folio, hieracium feettdum
Columns, t ine jagged Dandelion. 2. Dens Leonis
minor joins radians, Trinciatella It alorum Lamer a-
rii Sweet Dandelion. 3- Dens Leonis minor Joho
afpero. Small rough Dandelion. 4; Dens Leonis,
altera Diofcondis, Dens Leonis Monfpe/ienjium, Jive
Afphodeli bulhuhs, Bauhini, Bulbed Dandelion. 5.
Dens Leonis Gadenfis, Cichorium Conjlantinopolita-
num, Spanilh Dandelion.

of them Jet with fmall,fmooth, [harp Prices or Uairst
not much unlike to the Prickly Sowthiftle. The
Stalks are about two or three inches high, and bear
each of them a large, pale, yellow I lower, like to the
other Dandelions ^ which being once pajs'd away, do
prejently after turn into Down, with Seed like unto
the former.

VI. The fourth, or Bulbed Dandelion, has a Root
branched or fprcad out into feveral long tuberous
Clogs , which fome call long Bulbs, much like to thoj'e
of the Afphodil, but J. mailer , fhorter and more point-
ed at the ends. Prom the Head of thefiff Roots Jpring
forth many large and blewifh green hairy Leaves ,
lying upon the Ground, unevenly waved or cut in on
the edges, but not deeply gafht, like the Common
Dandelion, but which are of a fharp and bitter Tajle
like it : from among which rife up feveral bare or
naked Stalks, with blowers at their tops, larger and
more double than thofe of the Common kind, but of
a paler yellow color, which pafs into Down , like the
other kinds, having alfo like jafhioned Seed.

VII. The fifth, or Spanifh kind, has a Root of a
moderate Largenefs, long, white, tender and fibrous,
which lives with us all the Winter, if it is mild, 0-
therwife, if we have hard brofts, it perifhes : from
this Root Jpring up feveral long Leaves, a /pan or
more in length -, the middle Leaf of the Root is bare
from the Root to the half length oj the Leaf, and then
it has many Rents or Cuts on each fide, very much
refiembling the Leaf of the Common Dandelion, but
fimaller and narrower : from among thej'e Leaves rife
up likewifie long boot-fialks, as in the Dandelion,
upon whofe tops grow fimall and yellow blowers, which
turn into Down, that is carried away with the Wind
with the Seed alfo, which is fimall, long and reddifh,
like unto fome oj the Hawkweeds.

Ill The Defcriptions. The firft, or Fine jagged
Dandelion, has a thick rediifh Root full of tibres ,
fending forth many very green and finely cut Leaves ,
each of them about a Hand breadth long, and two
inches broad , being deeply jagged or divided again
into 1 wo or three other Jmall Rents or Diviflons , and
ending in a Jmall point. The flowers which ftand
at tops of the Stalks (which are naked ) are yellow,
and much Jmaller than thofe in the former Chapter ,
which being pafs’d away, the downey Heads and Seed
proceed, as in the former.

IV. T he Second, on Sweet Dandelion, has a Jmall
and blackifh Root , which is white within, and very
Jwect in Tafte, (as are the Leaves alfo) which is Jo
very tender, that it perifhes with the firft Cold it
feels •, and therefore with us is always to be houfed
in Winter and cold Weather, by which means it will
endure many Tears, and yield its Seed in the due
Seafon. from this Root Jpring up many Leaves ,
which fpread themfelves on the Ground, about three
inches long and half an inch broad, cut in on the fides
with very deep Gajhes , whofe ends have each of them
three very deep Dents, each of them having divers
Points finding like a Star or Spur, the Foot-Jia/ks
whereof are a little hairy : from among thefe rife up
many [month , /lender, naked Stalks, one of which
funds upright, not above a Hand breadth high ; the
reft are lower, and bend downwards, each of them
bearing a Jmall yellow Flower, like unto other Dan-
delions, which being paft, turns into Down, and flies
away with theU hid, carrying the Seed with it, which
is Jomething long and broad, with hard Hairs, like a
Beard, at the top of each Seed.

V. The third, or Small rough Dandelion, has a
Root J. ’mail and whitilh , which fends forth feveral
Jmall Leaves, lying round about the Root upon the
Ground, about two or three inches long undone inch
broad, cut, divided or torn in on the fldcs, and each

VIII. The Places. The firft is found in Meadow
and PaJIure Grounds. The fecond is an Original of
Italy, and from thence it came to us. The third
grows about Florence, and other parts of Italy, as
alfo about Montpelier in France. The fourth is alfo
of Italian Origination. The fifth came from Spain,
and grows in the Ifland of Gadcs or Cadiz, as Boel
faith, who called it Cichorium Gadenje ; but Clu Jins
Curce pofleriores calls it, Cichorium fylvtjlre pumi-
lum , Jive Hedypnots.

IX. The Times. They all flower thro’ all the
Summer Months : but the fifth or Spanijh kind
flowers in July , Augufi and September ; and the
Seed is foon ripe after the Flower is paft.

X. T he Vitalities, Specification, Preparations and
Virtues, are the fame with the Common Dandelion in
Chap. 209. aforegoing, and therefore we fhall fay
no more thereof

CHAP. CCXI.

Of DARNEL.

I. ' 1 1 H E Names. Ir is called in Greek, 'run *)
1 ffvru by molt Greek Authors, and
by fome : in Latin, Lolium, and JEra Plinii : Tri-
ticum temulentum, Triiicum fatuum Loniceri : in
Arabick, Zizania •, and in Eng/ijh , Darnel.

II. The Kinds. There are three forts hereof, viz.
T. Lolium album, Hordern munnum Dodonui, White
Darnel. 2. Lolium Rubrum, tpoiviSj, Phoenix Diof-
coridts , (a feminis co/ore pbaenicca) Red Darnel. 3.
Lolium alteram avenacea gluma , Another Darnel
with Oaten tops.

III. The

Chap.

2 1 1.

‘Englijh Herbs .

29:>

/rT)arne11 White.

III. The Defcriptions. T be firjl , or White Dar-
nel, has a bunchy fibrous Root , from whofe Head, all
the Winter long, Spring forth Several fat and rough
Leaves, which, the higher they grow upon the Stalks ,

grow alfo narrower, but with their continued. Rough-
nefs : and with thefe fir ft f fringing forth Leaves,
feveral Stalks alfo arife , with many thick Joints, al-
moft like Knees ; from which Knees arife thofe a-
for ef aid narrower Leaves , continued up to the fpiky
tops of Seed ; for on the top of each Stalk is a long
Spike, compofed of many Heads, as it were at fo ma-
ny Joints, Jet one above another on each fide of the
Stalk, containing two or three fmall chaffy Husks,
with fharp , butjbort Beards or Awnes at the ends ;
in which Husks, being fomewhat tough, is contained
the Seed, which is left than that of Wheat, and
which is eaftly Jhake d out of the Ear.

IV. The fecond, or Red Darnel, has a Root mote
bujhy or fibrous, from whence arife Leaves Jhorter
and narrower than thofe of Barley, as alj'o feveral
jointed Stalks, wit!) Leaves Springing from each
Joint ; but as the Joints are ItJJ'cr than the former ,
fo the Leaves Springing from them are alfo narrower
and fomewhat Shorter. The Stalks are reddijh, with
reddish Joints, about J, 'even or eight inches high, Jel-
dom attaining to the height of a foot, unlefs the
Ground is very good -• at the top of each Stalk is a
fmall and tender fiat Spike or Ear , very like the for-
mer, but fmaller and Jhorter, and fomewhat reddilh
alfo, more efpecially when it is found growing in the
dryer fort of Land.

V. The third, or Darnel with Oaten Tops, in its
Roots, Leaves and Stalks differs little from the firjl
kind, faving that the Stalks grew fomewhat higher,
and the Leaves are a little larger : but in this it
differs from the firjl, that the Jeveral Heads of Seed
are more like to winged Oaten Heads , growing on
] lender Foot-Jia/ks ; and which Heads of Seed are al-
fo armed with Jharp Points.

VI. The Places. Thefe all grow in Arable Land,
in Fields of Corn, as of Wheat and Barley, and are
to be found in fuch like places, in molt parts of the
Kingdom.

VII. The Times. They flourilh in Summer, and
the Grain is ripe in Harvejl time, viz. in Auguji.

VIII. The futilities. Darnel is hot in the third
Degree, and dry in the fecond, as Galen fays : it a-
bounds with a Volatile, Narcotick, Salt and Sul-
phur, which is thought to be detrimental to the
Head and Brain : it was accounted hurtful to the
Eyes and Sight, as appears from that Verfe in Ovid,
lib. i. Fajiorum ; Et careant Loins oculos vittantibus
agri : and from this Caufe it feems came, that the
old Proverb in Plautus, Mile f. afi. i.fc. 3. verf 50.
Lotio viSitare, was wont to be fpoken to one dim-
lighted.

IX. The Specification. It is faid to be peculiar
againft Defcedations of the Skin, and to Hop Gan-
grenes.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
I. A DecoUion. 2. Aleal or Flower. 3. An Oint-
ment. 4. A Wajh. 5. A Cataplafm. 6. The Fu-
migation.

The Virtues.

XI. The Deco 3 'ion in Red Port Wine. It flops
the Terms, and all forts of Fluxes of the Bowels ;
and prevails againft a Diabetes : Dofe two or three
ounces : but it is apt to caufe a kind of Giddinefs
in the Head^ It is alfo good to wafti places aflefled
with Scurff, Morphew, Leprofy and Ringworms,
and flop the Progrefs of a Gangrene : made with
Water and Honey, it is good to bathe with for the
Sciatica.

XII. The Meal or Flower. Being applied, mixt
with Spirit of Wine or ftrong Wine, it is of fpecial
Ufe to flop the Running of Gangrenes, and hinder
rhe Fretting and Eating of old putrid Sores, Can-
kers and Phagedenick Ulcers ; and to cleanfe rhe
Skin of Leprciy,Tettars, Ringworms, Herpes, Scurft;
Morphew, and other the like Diftempers.

XIII. The Ointment. It is made thus : Ih of the
Flower or Meal eight ounces : Sulphur Vive m fine
pouder four ounces : Oil of Rofes three ounces : Vi-
negar enough to make it into t he Form of an Oint-
ment. It has all the Virtues of the Meal or Flow-
er aforegoing, and much more powerful to all thofe
Intentions, being applied frefli Morning and Even-
ing.

XIV

294 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

XIV. T he Wajb. It is thus made : Ik of the
flower or Meal two ounces : Water eight ounces :
Juice of ' RaJiJhes Jive ounces : Vinegar four ounces :
Salt of Tartar a dram : mix them and therewith
very warm Morning and Evening wafh the Face and
Hands, letting it dry on ; and after an hours time
you may wafli again with fair warm Water. It
dears and cleanles the Skin admirably of almoft all
Deformities attending it.

XV. The Cataplafm. T>t of the Meal twelve
ounces : Ltnfeed bruifed four ounces : Pigeons dung
fix ounces : boil dll in a fufftcient quantity oj Wine ,
to the Tbicknefs of a Cataplafm. It is Difcuflive,
diffolves Knots and Kernels of the Kings-evil, and
breaks thofe which will not be diffolved.

XVI. The Fumigation. lit of the Meal or Flower
a pound : trankincenfe eight ounces : Myrrh four
ounces : mix , melt and make the Majs up into
Troches. Thefe being put upon live Charcoal, and
the F ume from thence being received up the Womb
by a Funnel, warms, comforts and ftrengthens thofe
Velfels of Generation, and is faid to help towards
Conception.

CHAP. CCXII.

Of DARNEL-GRASS.

I. '"T"' H E Names. It is called in Greek, * *oink
L Jyfu&af, Lolium Gramineum, and
<poiv’,M®;, Gramen Phceniceum : in Latin, Phcenix
Gramineus -, and in Enghfh , Darnel Grafs.

II. The Kinds. There are about fix kinds here-
of, viz i . Phcenix fimplici Lf ranjpma Gluma , The
filial left Tingle Darnel Grafs. 2. Phcenix altera den-
fioribus J pic is. The greater fingle Darnel Grafs. 3.
Phcenix acerofa aculeata. Small prickly Darnel Grafs.
4. Phcenix niultiplici Jpicata panicula. Branched
Darnel Grafs. 5. Phcenix niultiplici nut ante. Dou-
ble Darnel Grafs, with a bowing or bending down
Top. 6. Phcenix paluftris Lf longius f pic at a.
Branched Marfli Darnel Grafs.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Smalleft fin-
gle Darnel Grafs, has a fibrous Root, from whence
Jpring up fever al grajfy Leaves and Stalks, which
arye very like the Red Darnel, from the firft, but
that it has very few, fender er and fhor ter Stalks,
and the Leaves narrower -, and the f piked Head has
a jew fingle Husks fet very fparfedly thereon.

IV. 'lhe fecond, or Greater fingle Darnel Grafs,
has Roots and Leaves like to the Red Darnel ; but
the Stalks grow a yard high , jointed and ftraked :
and the Spike is thinly fet with chaffy Heads, but
they are bigger, rounder and thicker.

V. The third, or Small prickly Darnel Grafs, has
a fmall white fibrous Root , whence Jpring narrow
grajfy Le.ives, fix or f even inches high , being rough ,
hard and jull oj Joints, pointed or prickly at the
ends, and with a jew Jhort Leaves on them, which
have withal fmall, Jhort, rough and chaffy like
Tongues , Sharp at the ends, and fet at the joints.

VI. The fourth, or Branched Darnel Grafs, has
like Roots, Leaves and Stalks , which are jointed as
the others are, and fender, half a yard or more, high,
and narrow Leaves , Grafs like : the Jpiked Head Is

as it were branched into others, wherein confifts the
chiefeft Difference.

VII. The fifth, or Double Darnel Grafs, in Roots ,
Stalks, joints and Leaves, differs little or nothing
from the laft, but in the jpiked Heads , which are
thicker fet together, and the tops of them bow down ,
or turn a little round.

VIII. The fixth, or Branched Marfh Darnel Grals,
has a creeping white jointed Root, with many Fibres
adjoining to it ■, from which fhoot forth two or three
jointed Stalks, two feet or more high : the jpiked
Head is a foot long , branched as the fourth above is,
each Branch of a Fingers length , with winged Hifsks,
like unto Oats.

IX. The Places. They grow in Meadows, Corn-
fields, Fallow-fields -, in Palhs-ways and Borders of
Fields, almoft every where : bur the laft in Marfh
and Wet Grounds, and on the Edges of Plowed-
fields.

X. The Times. They fpring and flourifh with
Corn, and the Seed or Grains are ripe in Auguft.

XI. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and
Virtues, Authors have faid nothing of : however, it
is manifeft that they are of a cleanfing, drying and
aftringent Faculty.

CHAP. CCXIII.

Of D E V I L S-B I T Common.

I. '“p H E Names. It feems to be unknown to the
JL Greeks , for which Reafon it has no Greek
Name : but it is called in Latin, Succifa , and Mor-
fus Diaboli ; and in Englifl), Devils-bit.

II. TI.>e Kinds. It is certainly a Species of Sca-
bious :

29 5

Chap. 213. Englijh. Herbs.

bious : fome have thought it to be the Geum of the
Ancients •, others to be Kigina Plinii •, but Fab ins
Columna reFerreth it to Picnoc onion Diojcoridis : it is
either Common , called, Mvrfus Diaboli vulgaris , of
which in this Chapter , or Various , of which in the
Chapter following.

III. The Defcription. It has a Root which is
fome what thick , but Jhort and blackijh , with many
Strings faftned thereto , and abiding after Seed-time
many Fears : from this Root rifes up a rounds green ,
fmooth ( not hairy ) Stalk , about two feet high , Jet
with divers long , fomewhat narrow , fmooth ,
green Leaves , fnipt a little about the edges for the
moft part , being other wife all whole , and not divided
at all , or but very feldom , row to the tops of the
Branches , which yet are f mailer than thofe below ,
with one Rib only in the middle , and being broken ,

/rar yiwA Threads , <zx /fr? Scabious does. At
the end or top of each Branchy fiends a round Head. of
many Flowers fet together in the fame manner , or
more neatly and fuccintfly than thofe of the Scabious,
and of a more blewifh purple color , f not of a dark
red , ox Gerard yhyx J which being pafsA away , /fr<r/v
follows Seed , ///co &///<? /fro/ 0/ Scabious, which falls
away in the fame manner.

IV. jYo/o. i. Some make of this kind a Greater
and 0 Z>c//or but this, in my Opinion, comes from
the Nature of the Soil or Ground, rather than from
the Nature of the Plant -, that being the larger and
fairer which grows upon the richer or fatter Ground,
and that the Idler which grows on the poorer
Soil.

V. Neta.-i. Some are of Opinion, that the Sca-
biofa rubra Auftriaca Clufii belongs to this Plant,
becaufe it has a fhort Root with many Strings :
Bauhinus makes mention of one of this kind, which
has hairy Leaves, and not differing in any thing
elfe, and he, from Gefner^ calls it Alorfus Dia-
boli hirfuta.

VI. IN ota. 3. Some Monks and Fryers (as I fup-
pofe) have fabled, that the Devil, envying the
Good which this Herb might do to Mankind, bit
away part of. the Root, by which means it became
fo fhort a Stump as it is, and from thence it came
to have the Name of Morfus Diaboli , or Succifa ,
Devils-bit : but the Fable is fo Tediculous, that one
which has but a Grain of Senfe or Reafon can never
believe fuch a Fiflion.

VII. The Places. It grows as well in dry Mea-
dows and Fields, as moift in many places of cur
Land ^ as alfo in Woods and by Highways fides : a
great deal of it has been found growing in Hamp-
fiead Wood near London , at Lee in Ejfex ; alfo at
Raleigh in Ejfex, in a Wood called Hammer ef and
in feveral other places.

VIII. The Times. It flowers in Auguft , which
is fomething later than the Scabioufes •, and is hard-
ly to be known from Scabious , but when it is in
Flower.

IX. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the end
of the fecond Degree ^ and is Stomatick, Cordial,
Sudorifick and Alexipharmick.

X. The Specification. It is a peculiar Antidote
againft the Plague, Poyfon and Bitings of Veno-
mous Beafts.

XI. The Preparations. You may prepare there-
from, 1. A liquid Juice. 2. An Efjence. 3. A
Decotfion. 4. i Pouder of the Root. 5. An Oint-
ment or BalJ'am. 6. A Cataplafm. 7. A diftilled
Water. 8. A Spirituous Tintfure. 9. An Acid
Tintfure. 10. An Oily Tintfure. 1 1. A Saline
Tintfure. 12. A Salt.

The Virtues.

XII. The liquid Juice. Taken inwardly to two,
three or four ounces, according to the Age of the
Patient, it is powerful againft the Meafles, Small-
Pox, Calenture, malign and fpotted Fever, as alfo
againft the Plague, and all malign and peftilential
Difeafes, Poyfon, and the Bitings of Vipers, Rattle
Snakes, or any other Venomous Beall : and is an
excellent thing to induce the Healing of Wounds
and Ulcers.

XIII. The Effcnce. It has all the ft rmer Virtues,
but is more powerful to the faid Intentions : befides
which, it is good againft Fits of the Mother and
Vapors, and provokes the Terms in Women. Dole
two, four or fix fpoonfuls Morning and Night, in
a Glafs of the Diftilled Water, or in a Glals of
White Wine.

XIV. The Decoflion in Wine. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Juice and Elfence, but is yet lefs power-
ful : it may be uled as a Wound-drink by fuch Pa-
tients as have Wounds, Ulcers or f iitula’s which
are inveterate, or of difficult Cure. II it is fweet-
ned with Honey of Roles, it is laid to be very eife^
flual to help inveterate Tumors and Swellings of the
Almonds and Throat, which do hardly come to
Ripenefs ; for it digefts, cleanfes, confumes the
Hegm fticking thereto, and difcuifes the Tumors by
often gargling therewith. Dofe four or fix ounces
Morning and Night.

XV. The Pouder of the Root. If it is taken in a-
ny convenient Vehicle, it kills Worms, and drives
them forth of the Body. It breaks and difculies
Wind in the Bowels, and refills Poyfon and all forts
of malign Fevers. Dofe one dram mixt with Ho-
ney, the Elfence aforegoing, or any other proper
Vehicle.

XVI. The Ointment or Balfam. It cures fimple
green Wounds, many times at once drelbng^ lor it
is an incomparable Vulnerary. It ripens Apoliems,
and fuch other Tumors as will in time come to Sup-
puration. It digefts old Ulcers, cleanfes, incarnates,
dries, and in a Ihort time induces the Cicatrize, or
caufes them to be healed. Applied to the Gout, it
eafes the Pain, and in a fhort time cures it.

XVII. The Cataplafm. It is made of the green
Herb and Root, and applied, it dilculfes Tumors in
fimple Contufions, and is profitable to be applied to
any place hurt or bruifed by any Fall, Blow, or the
like, or crulhed by any Cafualty, dilfolving the clot-
ted or congealed Blood, and taking away the black
and blew Marks, which may afterwards remain.

XVIII. The diftilled Water. It is good to wafh
green Wounds and old Sores, cleanfing and drying
them : and given inwardly with the Juice or Elfence,
it cleanfes the Body inwardly. 11 a little white Vi-
triol is dilfolved in it, it is then good againft Scurff,
Morphew, Herpes, Tettars, Ringworms, Itch, Pim-
ples, running Sores and Ulcers, Freckles, Yellow-
nefs of the Skin, and other like Deformities, if the
Parts affefled be two or three times a day vvaflied
therewith, and fo fuftered to dry on without wi-
ping.

XIX. The Spirituous Tintture. It is powerful
againft Poyfon, and the Malignity of burning and
peftilential Fevers, as alfo the Bitings of Mad Dogs,
Serpents, _ and other poyfonous Creatures. N It has
all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but more
effeflual than they are, where the Heart and Vitals
are immediately concerned. It is good againft Con-
vulfions, Lethargies, and all other cold and moift
Difeafes of the Head, Brain, Heart and Nerves.
Dofe two or three drams.

XX. The Acid Tintfure, It is a Angular Medi-

cament

296

Salmon’ s Herbal.

Lib. 1.

camenc agamlt the Plague and Spotted fever it]
abates the Heat, and quenches the Thirft, tho’ ne-
ver lb extream, in the moft violent malign and
burning Fever, and that almoft upon the Spot, even
to a Miracle : befides, it refills all forts of Poyfon,
more elpeciully fuch as are volatile Poyfons, de-
llroying them in their very Root and EiTence. It
admirably comforts and ftrengthens the Stomach,
refills Vomiting, creates an Appetite and caules a
good Dgettion. It fupprelfes Vapors and Hylterick
Fits in Women, refills Hypochondriack Melancholy,
and is good tor l’uch as are inwardly bruiled by a
ball, or any other Cafualty, dillolving the clotted
or congealed Blood, and caufing it to be excreted.
Dofe lo much as will make the Vehicle pleafingly
lharp, and to be repeated three, tour, five, fix or
more times a dav.

XXI. The Oily TinUure. It is good againft in-
ward Con vul lions of the Stomach and other Vifcera,
it gives eafe in the Cholick, and other Torments ot
the Bowels, whether given by the Mouth in any
proper Vehicle, or exhibited Clyfterwife in Broth or
rolfet-dr'nk. It provokes the Courfes, eafes the
Pains of the Mo. her, breaks and difeuffes Wind in
the Belly and Siomach, opens Obftru&ions of the
Reins, and other Urinary Parts, cleanfes them ol
Sand, Gravel, and other Tartarous Matter, and fo
gives eale in rhe Stone and Strangury. Dofe from
ten to rhirtv drops in any fit Vehicle.

XXII. the. Saline Tmtture. Given inwardly to
one dram or more in a proper Medium , it provokes
Urine, opens Obftruftions of the Womb, Reinsand
Ureters, and gives eafe in the Strangury and Stone:
outwardly applied, it is good againft Scabs, Itch,
Pimples, Puftles, Scurff, Morphew, Leprous Spots,
Freckles, Lentils, Sun-burning, Tanning, Yellownefs
of the Skin, and other the like Delcedations, the
Parts affected being bathed therewith two or three
times a day, or fbmetimes oftner.

XXIII. ihe fixed Salt. It is Diuretick, Alexi-

pharmick. Aperitive and Antifebritick : it opens
ObftruUions of the Urinary Parts, expelling Sand,
Gravel and Tanarous Matter: L refills Poyfon, the
Bi tings of Seipanrs and Mad Dogs, and the Plague :
it opens the Paflages of the Womb, cleanfing it
from Impurities ^ and given in a proper Vehicle, a-
bates the Heat of burning Fevers, carrying off the
Morbifick Matter by Urine. Dofe one fcruple, or
half a dram, in the diftilled Water aforegoing.

grow nearer to the tops of the Branches -, and on the
top of each Branch fiands a round Head of many
blowers , like the former Devils-bit, faring that theje
are only white , whereas they are cj a blewifh purple :
and indeed this Plant differs not from the former in
any other thing but in the Color of the blower , which
is of a pure white , as feme other forts of the Scabi-
oules are, and that the green Leaf is not altogether
of fo dark a green.

IV. The fecond , or that with the blulh-colored
Flowers, is in Root , Stalk , Leaf Color of the Leaf
and term of the blower , the fame with the former-,
but in this it differs therefrom , that the blowers
hereof are of an incarnate or blufh color, whereas in the
Common they are of a blewifh purple, and in the
former of a white color only.

V. The Places. Thefe two are more hard and
rare to be met with than the Common kind, yet they
are both found growing Wild about Apvledore, near
Rye in Suffex •, and in feveral other places ot this
Kingdom.

VI. The Times. They flower later than any of
the Scabioufes, and commonly not until Auguft.

VII. The Qualities , Specification, Preparations
and Virtues, are the fame with the Common Devils-
bit declared in the former Chapter, fo that no more
need be faid of it here, faving, that neither ot thefe
are in the leaft inferior to the Vulgar in any of their
Preparations or Virtues.

CHAP. CCXIV.

Of DEVILS-BIT Various.

CHAP. CCXV.

Of DILL Garden.

I.^p H E Karnes. It is called in Greek ,

JL ( irtpy. 7* tLva Qhv 3 tjuod cito crefcat J JWdlh. 23-
25. Theophrafi. lib. 5. cap. 67. Plin. lib. 20. cap. 18.
in Latin, Anethum, and Anethum hortenfe, as Ba ec-
hinus has it : in Arabick, Zebet, and Sebet ■, and
in Englifh , Dill .

I.^jp HE Karnes. It is called in Latin,

, Morfus

_ Diabo/i verficoloratm, and Morfus Diabo/i
diverfus : in Englifh, Various Devils-bit.

II. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. 1. Morfus
Diaboli flore a/bo, Devils-bit with a white Flower.
2. Morfus Diaboli flore carneo , Devils-bit with blulh-
colored Flowers.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft of thefe with
the white Flowers, h.u a fhort Stump of a Root, like
the former, from whence many thready Radicu/x
fpring : from the Head of this Root arijes a round,
green, fnooih Stalk, near two feet high, with long,
narrow, fmooth, dark green Leaves, a little mot cl) t
about the edges, but not at all divided-, which
Kotches or Dents grow f mailer and f mailer, as they

II. Tut

‘EngUJh 'Herbs .

297

II. The Kinds. There are two principal kinds
hereof viz. r. Anethon Hortenfe, Garden Dill, of
which’in this Chapter. 2. Anethum Sy/veftre,Wild
Dill, of which in the following Chapter.

III. The Defcription. It has a Root which is
Jtnall and woody , perijh'mg every Tear after Seed-
time, and is unprofitable its to Phyfick, never being
put to any Ufe. From this Root rfes up for the
moft part but one Stalk, feldom more, nothing fo
large, nor feldom abovehalf the height of Fennel, be-
ing round, and with fewer Joints thereon , whofe
Leaves are Judder, and fomewbat long, divided al-
moft into an infinite number of fibrous parts , a/nwji
like unto Fennel, but harder in handling, anifome-
what thicker, of a ftrongcr Smell alfo, and not fo
pleafant. The tops of the Stalks have fewer Branch-
es, and are repleat with XJmbles of yellow Flowers,
fmallcr than thofe of Fennel, which pafs into /mail
Seed, fomewbat flatter and thinner than Fennel Seed,
and oj a ftronger and more picquant Tafte.

IV. The P laces. It is moft ufually fown in Gar-
dens, and fuch like Ground for the purpofe ; and is
alio found Wild with us in fome places : but if fo
found, yet it is not of the Wild kind.

V. The Times. It flowers in July, and the Seed
is ripe in the end of Auguft.

\ 1. The Qualities. It is hot in the third Degree,
and dry in the fecond ; more efpecially being green :
but when the Herb or Seed are dry, they are hot and
dry in the third Degree ; and abound very much
with Mercury and Sulphur ; being Aperitive, Car-
minat've, Digeftive, Dil'cuflive and Diuretick Neu-
rotic!- . OLomatick, Pefloral, Splenetick and Hyfte-
rick j Sudorifick, Alexipharmick, Analeptick, Ga-
laftogenetick and Spermatogenetick.

VII. 'The Specification. It is a peculiar Remedy
for the Cholick, and Windinefs of the Stomach and
Bowels.

VIII. The Preparations. You may prepare here-
from, 1. A Juice of the Herb. 2. An EJJcnce of
the Herb. 3. A Syrup. 4. A Deeotlion of Herb
and Seed. 5. A Pouder of the Seed. 6. An Oint-
ment of Herb and Seed. 7. A Cataplafm of Herb
and Seed. 8. A diftilled Water of Herb and Seed.
9. A Spirituous Tinilure of the Seed. 10. An Acid
Tinilure of the Seed. 11 .An Oily Tinilure of the
Seed. 12. A Saline Tinilure of the Seed. 13. A
diftilled Oil thereof. 14. A Spirit therefrom. 15.
Poteftates or Powers. 16. An Elixir of the Seed :
of all which in order.

The Virtues.

IX. The liquid Juice of the Herb. Mixt with
the diftilled Water, one or two fpoonfuls of the
juice to four of diftilled Water, and fo taken Morn-
ing, Noon and Night, it encreafes Seed, as alfo
Milk in Nutfes : it expels Wind, and eafes Pains of
the Bowels, being drunk. If two or three fpoon-
iuls of the Juice is mixt with Chicken-Broth, and
exhibited as a Clyfter, it helps in a Tenafmus.

X. The Effence oj the Herb. It has the Virtues
of the Juice'-, beiides which, if it be given two or
three fpoonfuls at a time in the Morning faffing, in
a Glafs of Generous Wine, it wonderfully ftrength-
ens the Stomach, eafes the Pains and Windinels of
the Womb, and flops Vomiting ■, and is very effe-
ftual to digeft raw and vifeous Humors in the Sto-
mach and Bowels.

XI. The Syrup of the Herb or its Juice. It is
Pectoral, good againft Coughs, Colds, Hoatfnefs,
Wheezing, and other Obltrudions ot the Lungs
from what Caufe foever. Mixt with Nutfes Milk,

it encreafes Milk in her Breufts, and makes it more
wholefome for the Child. It is a lingular thing al-
io againft a tickling Catarrh, or an inveterate flux
of Rheum upon the Lungs, being often taken.

XII. The Decoction of the green Herb and Seed. If
it is made in Water, it encreafes Seed, as alfo Milk
in Nurfes. If it is made in Wine, it [firs up Luft,
and provokes to Coition ; and if it be too much ta-
ken, may provoke fo vehemently for a time, as at
length, quite to extinguilh Venery, by a too Lafci-
vious EjeElion of the Sperm.

XIII. The Pouder of the Seed. Taken to one
dram in any fit Vehicle, it warms and comforts the
Stomach and Bowels, and powerfully expels Wind :
mixed with Honey, it is good againft Coughs, Colds
and tickling Catarrhs, and is good againft Ifoarfe-
nefs, Wheezing and lofs of Voice. Drank mixed
with Wine, it is good againft the Hiccough, Vo-
miting, Loathing and Convulfions of the Stomach
and other Vifcera.

XIV. The Ointment of the Herb and Seed. It is
heating and drying, warms Parts which are cold and
chilled ; and is good to eafe Pains in any Part pro-
ceeding from Cold, Moifture and Wind. It dif-
cuffes and diffolves recent Tumors ; but digefts and
maturates Apoftems, and is good to anoint with for
the Piles, and to dilcufs any other like Tumor in
the Fundament ; and dries up all moift and running
Sores wherefoever, but more efpecially in the fecret
Parts. It is an Anodyn or Eafer of Pain, and gives
Reft.

XV. The Cataplafm. It difeuffes recent Tumors,
and is profitable to be applied to any Ample Contu-
fion, provided it is done upon the fpot : applied to
the Gout, whether in Hands, Arms, Knees or Feet,
it has been found to give Relief : if it is heat very
hot in a Frying-pan, and applied to the Side, it eafes
the Pains of the Pleurify, and takes away Stitches :
and fo applied to the Region of the Abdomen or
Belly , it prevails againlt the Cholick and Griping
of the Guts. Applied very hot to an Apoltem, and
often renewed, it brings it quickly to Suppuration,
and breaks it.

XVI. The diftilled Water of the Herb and Seed.
It is a good Vehicle to take any of the Preparations
in, whether Galenick or Chymick : and being drank
fweetned with double-refined Sugar , breeds much
Milk in Nurfes Brealfs, whatever Galen may fay
to the contrary.

XVII. The Spirituous Tinilure of the Seed. It
powerfully warms, comforts and ftrengthens the
Stomach, expels Wind, and caufes a good Appetite
and Digeftion. It is good againft Loathing and Vo-
miting , flops Fluxes of the Bowels , and digefts
raw and vifeous Humors in thofe Parts. It may be
given from two drams to half an ounce, in a Glafs
of fragrant Wine, in the Morning fading.

XVIII. The Acid Lin'dure of the Seed. Itftrength-
ens a weak Stomach, incides tough and vilcous
Humors in the Bowels, and diffolves them, making
them fit for Excretion. It cuts tough Flegm and
tartarous Humors in the Stomach and Lungs , and
makes it fit for Expectoration ; for which Reafon it
prevails againft Hoarfenefs, Lofs of Voice, Short-
nefs of Breath and Difficulty ofBreathing. It abates
the Heat of Fevers, and refills Putridity in what
part of the Body foever. Dole fo much as may
make the Vehicle pleafantly iharp, whether it be
Ale, Beer or Wine.

XIX. The Oily Tinilure of the Seed. It is good
againft the Pally, as alfo Convulfions, Cramps,
Numbnefs, and Pains in any part of the Body, pro-
ceeding from Cold and Moifture, outwardly anoint-
ed upon the Parts atfeEled, and inwardly given in a-
ny proper Vehicle, from fifteen to thirty drops or
Ql q mote.

298

Salmon s ‘Herbal. Lib. I.

more, as the Exigency or Extremity may require.

It provokes Urine admirably, and gives eafe in the
Strangury and. Stone, cleanfing the Reins and Blad-
dev Irom Gravel, Sand and tartarous Slime lodged
in thofe Parts. It is a lingular thing alio to cure a
Puncture oh the Nerves and Tendons, in which, be-
ing applied, it gives prelent eafe to the Pain, af-
1 wages the Tumor, and foon after cures the Af-
fed. . _ . . . ,

XX. The Saline TinUure of the Seed. M txt with
the diftilled Water aforementioned, it makes a good
Walh tor moilt and running Ulcers and Sores, clean
ling and drying up the Moifture, and difpoling them
to healing. Given to two drams in a Clyfter, it
prevails againtt che Cholick : and taken inwardly to
one dram in White Port Wine, it opens and cleanfes
the Urinary Palfages, Efc.

XXI. The diftilled Oil of the Seed . It has all the
Virtues of the Juice, Effence, Decodion, Pouder,
Spirituous, Acid and Oily Tindures, but it is more
powerful than any of them and may be given to
ftrengthen the Stomach, relilt Loathing and Vomit-
ing, caufe Appetite and a good Digeltion, expel
Wind, eafe the Cholick and Tortions of the Bowels
from fharp Humors, cure Convullions, Apoplexies,
Lethargies, Palfy, Gout, Stone, Obltrudions of the
Reins, Ureters, Bladder and Womb, Efc. Dofe
from eight to twenty drops, being firft dropt into
white Sugar, and then mixt with fome proper Ve-
hicle, in which it is to be given Morning and
Night.

XXII. The Spirit of the Seed. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Spirituous, Acid and Oily Tindures, but
not all out fo powerful ^ yet it is much more grate-
ful or plealant to the Pallate * and may be taken,
being dulcified, either alone or mixt with fome pro-
per Vehicle, from two drams to fix.

XXIII. The Pot eft cites or Powers of the Seed. They
have all the Virtues of the Chymical Oil, Juice,
Blfence, Tindures and Spirit, but more powerful
and fubcil, piercing admirably thro’ all Parts of the
Body. By outward Application, being bathed upon
the Parts affeded, they are good againlt Pains, Aches,
Numbnefs, Pally, Lamenefs, Convullions, Spafms
proceeding from a cold and moift Caufe : they re-
folve Humors, dilcufs Tumors, and refill Deftuxi-
ons upon any Part, by ftrengthning the fame. Dofe
inwardly from one dram to three or four, in any
proper Vehicle Morning and Night.

XXIV. The Elixir of the Seed. This has all the
Virtues of the diftilled Oil, Effence, Tindures, Spi-
rit and Powers, and is more fubtil and powerful
than any of them •, and therefore may very profita-
bly be ufed to all thofe Intentions, both by inward
Exhibition and outward Application. It is indeed
an admirable Stomatick, fcarcely any better in the
whole Republick of Medicine : and for provoking
Luft, one of the moft powerful of Vegetables. Dole
from one dram to two, in a proper Vehicle.

CHAP. CCXVI.
Of DILL Wild.

nethurn Sy heft re majus , Great Wild Dill. 2. Ane-
thum Sylveftre minus , Small Wild Dill.

III. The Defer iptions. The firft, or Great Wild
Dill, haj a Root like to the Garden kind ^ and in its
Stalks , heaves , Flowers and Seed differs little from
it, but in its Large nefs, being much greater in all
its parts than the Garden kind is : and the Smell
thereof is much the fame.

IV. The fecond, or Small Wild Dill, hat a Root
like to the firft or Garden kind, but f mailer than it :
and fo likewife , as the firft of thefe was greater in
all its parts than the Garden Dill, fo is this lejfer in
its Stalks, Leaves , Flowers and Seed •, the Stalk
growing not above a foot high : the heaves are fine
and fmall on the Stalks, the Flowers yellow, and the
Seed fmall and long, like the Garden kind, but only
lejfer, in which the Difference chiefly lyes.

V. The P laces. Their native Place is Sicily, and
Lisbon in Portugal : from the fiift place they were
fent by Columna to Bauhinus -, and from the fecond
place they were fent by Boel to us , and are now
nurs’d up in our Gardens.

VI. The Times. They both flower in their native
places in June, but with us in July •, and their Seed
is ripe in Auguft, or fome fmall time after.

VII. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations
and Virtues, are the fame with thofe of the Garden
kind , and full out as effectual •, and therefore for
the fame you are referred to the aforegoing Chap-
ter.

CHAP. CCXVII.

Of DITTANDER,

O R,

PEPPER-WORT.

l/jpj

■T

H E Karnes. It is called in Greek, “A nQop

in Eng lift). Wild Dill.

II. The Kinds. It is the fecond Species of Dill:
and of this Species there aie two forts, viz. 1. A-

HE Names. It is called in Greek, AimAov,
quod temJkf) id eft, maculae Ef fquammas in
cute delent : or as fome think, dm n *<*/£«*, quod
acrimonia urenti ulcer et : in Latin, Lepidium , ( but
it is not the Lepidium Diofcoridis Iff Galeni, for that
is Iberis Cardimantica, of which we have already
treated in Chap. 168. aforegoing: i n Englifh, Dit-
tander, or Pepper-wort.

II. The Kinds. Authors make three forts here-
of, viz. 1 . Lepidium vulgar e, five Piperitis , Fuch-
fii Ef Loniceri, Tragi , Mat thiol i Ef Camerarii -, Le-
pidium magnum Turneri , Cordi Ef Fuchfii Lepidi-
um Plinii, according to Label Ef Dodontus -, Lepi-
dium Pauli Ef Plinii, according to Matthiolus , Lug-
dunenfts Ef Cofalpinus -, Raphanus Sylveftris ojfici-
narum, according to Lobe l, and Lepidium lati foli-
um Bauhini, The vulgar Dittander or Pepper-wort.
2. Lepidium Monfpeliacum, Flammula Gefncri ( in
hortis ) Herba Santfi Anthonii, Dentillaria Lobelii
Ef Lugdunenfis •, Dentaria Rondeletii •, Molybdena
Plinii, according to Arguilara Ef Camerarius •,
Plumbago Clufii Ef Tabernmontani -, Glaftum Sylve-
flre Cafalpini, French Dittander, or Scar-wort. 3.
Lepidium A nnuum Lobelii, Ef Lugdenenfis ■, Lepi-
dium Glaftifolium Bauhini, Annual Dittander, or
Scar- wort.

III. The

Chap. 217. 'Englijh Herbs. 299

III. The Defcriptions. The jirft , or Common
Dittander, has a Root which is /lender, and runs
much under Ground , and /footing up again in many
places : both Leaves and Roots are very hot and /harp
in Tafle, biting like Pepper, whence came the Name
of Pepper-wort : from this Root fpring forth fome-
u)hat long and broad Leaves, of a light bleixnfh green
color, finely dented about the edges, and pointed at
the ends, /landing upon round hard. Stalks, three or
four feet high , fpr ending many Branches on all fides,
and having many fmall white blowers at the tops
of them, after which follow fmall Seed in fmall
Heads.

IV. The fecojtd, or French Dittander, commonly
called Dentiilaria Rondeletii , has a Root which is
compofed of many great Strings, with a woody Pith
in the middle, running down deep into the Earth , and
abiding many Tears , altho both Stalks and Leaves
perifh every Tear, frefh fpnnging up again in the
Spring. This Root Annually fends up a nuvlber of
long and limber Stalks, reddifh at the bottom, lying
down upon the Ground , and not J landing upright, be-
caufc of their length, which are fometimes four, five
or fix feet long. Jet with Leaves on all fides, which
are fomewhat narrow, long and fimooth, of a fad green
color, fmaller at the lower end, and encompaj/ing the
Stalk about, but leffer ft ill as they grow nearer to
the tops of the Stalks , where they are a little branch-
ed, and do break forth into feveral dark purplif b
blowers , fet together, confiftmg 0/ five fmall pointed
Leaves apiece, / landing in round brownifh Husks,
in which afterwards is contained fmall, round and
blackifh Seed, very /harp in Tajle , exulcer ating the
Skin, and burning it, being laid thereon , as the
Leaves alfo do.

V. The third , or Annual Dittander, has a Root
which is fmall and fibrous, per i/hi ng every Tear :
from which Root rife up Stalks more upright than the
l a/1, about three or jour feet high, fet wgth fuch like
Leaves as the lajl , but Jomewhat larger, and encom-
pa/fing them at the bottoms. The blowers are white,
and Jland upon fmall Branches one above another.
Spike-fajhion , which afterwards give fmall, round

and pointed Husks, like Jome of the Thlapfies cr
7 iea cie-M uftards, in which the Seed is contained, no
lejs hot and Jicry in Tajle , and exulcer ating the Skin,
than the Seed of the former.

VI. The Places. The firft of thefe is found grow-
ing naturally in many .places of England, as Clare
in Effex, alfo near Excefler , and upon Rochejler-
Common in Kent -, at Swale- Abby near Whawley, in
Lancafhire : it delights to grow in fandy and fha-
dowy places which are fomething moiff ^ and is alfo
nurs’d up in Gardens. The other two are of trench
Origination, growing about Montpelier -, hut with
us are nourifht up in Gardens.

VII. The Times. The firft Powers about the end
of June and in July. The fecond late with us, in Au-
guft, but fcarcely ever gives ripe Seed in England.
The third Powers in July , and the Seed is ripe in
Augu ft.

VIII. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the
fourth Degree ; Pyrotick, Stomatick, Arthritick,
Ptarmick and Alexipharmick.

XI. The Specification. They are peculiar for the
Cure of the Sciatica or Hip-Gout.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
1. A liquid Juice. 2. An E/fence. %. An In/ufion
in Wine. 4. A Ponder. 5. A Cataplafm. 6. A
Spirituous TMure. 7. An Acid TinHure. 8. An
Oily TMure. 9. A Saline Tincture.

The Virtues .

XI. The liquid Juice. Parkinfon lays, that the
Women of Bury in Suffolk doufuaily give the Juice
thereof in Ale or Beer to Women in Labor, to pro-
cure a fpeedy Delivery in Travail. You may give it
from one fpoonful to two at a time.

XII. The Ejfence. It has the former Virtues ;
befides which, it is powerful to provoke the Terms
in Women where they are ftopt, dry up Catarrhs
and tickling Rheums which fall upon the Lungs *
and being held in the Mouth, gives eafe in the
Tooth-ach to Admiration. Dofe one fpoonful or
more at a time, in a Glafs of Ale, Beer or Wine.

XIII. The Infufion in Wine. It warms-and com-
forts a cold Stomach, expels Wind, provokes Ap-
petite,- a'n4 helps Concoftion, and gives eafe in all
Pains of the Stomach and Bowels proceeding from
Wind, or Sharpnefs of Humors, the Cholick, Efc.
being drunk for Lome time by Women, it is faid to
ciufe Fruitfulnels. Dole a fmall Gill of three or
four ounces Morning and Night.

XIV. The Ponder. Snuft up the Noftrils, it is
a good Errhine to purge the Head and Brain of cold,
moift and Pegmatick Humors, which it does very
effectually. Taken inwardly from a Icruple to half
a dram, or two fcruples in the Morning faffing, it
kills Worms in Children , and expels Wind out of
the Stomach : and ufed as a Topick to moiff and
running Sores and Ulcers, it cleanfes, dries and in-
duces their Healing.

XV. The Caraplalm. It is made of the green
Leaves,- either alone or mixed with Hogs-Lard, by
beating them together in a Mortar. It is hot, fiery
and lharp, as is- that of Sciatica Creffes, and works
the fame Efteffs ^ for both Paulus TEgineta and
Pliny fay, that ir is effectual for the Cure of t;he
Sciatica or Hip-Gout, or any other Pain or Gout in
the Joints, or any other inveterate Grief, being ap-
plied in the fame manner as Sciatica Creffes -, and
aled in the fame order, it alfo is good againff the
Deformities or Difcolorings of the Skin, and takes
away Marks and Scars, Scabs, and Deformities' made
ay burning with Fire, or the like.

XVI. The Spirituous Tincture. It cures- the Pain

dq 2 of

jlj <

' I : i

I

Lib. 1.

of the Stomach and Bowels, the Cholick, and Tor
tions of the Bowels arifing from (harp and corrofive
Humors. It ftrengthens the Vifcera admirably, and
Hops Fluxes of the Belly of all forts, as the Diar-
rhea, Dy fenteria, Lienteria, Hepatick-flux, and with-
al reltores the Tone of the Parts hurt, by warming
and comforting them. Dole halt a fpoonful at a
time in a Gluts ot Wine.

XVII. T be Acid Tincture. It cuts thick and
tough Flegm, diffolves tartarous Matter in what
part of the Body foever, ftrengthens the Stomach,
reltores its depraved Tone, caules a good Appetite
and a ftrong Digeftion : and by its Infinuation into
the Mafs of Blood, it deltroys its Difcrafy, and fo
effectually roots out the Scurvy, whether in Old or
Young. ’Dole fo many drops as to make the Vehi-
cle pleafantly lharp.

' XVIII. T be Oily Tincture. It is good againft Rheu-

matick Pains and Aches in any Part of the Body,
the Sciatica and Gout proceeding from a cold Caufe,
as alio Palfies, Convulfions, Spafms or Cramps * in
all which Cafes it is to be bathed twice a day upon
the Parts affected, rubbing it every time well in :
in a Pally, it ought alfo to be anointed all along
upon the Back-bone, as well as upon the Part af-
fected. .

XIX. The Saline Tintfure. It prevails againft
Tettars, Ringworms, Herpes, Scurff, Morphew,
Itch, Pimples, Pultules, Scabs, Leprofy, and other
like Breakings out : it alfo takes away Sunburning,
Tunning, Freckles, Lentils, Rednefs, Yellowneis,
and fuch other like Defoliations ot the Skin, being
only bathed Morning, Noon and Night upon the
Part affeaed, and then fuffering it to dry in

with a deeper red color , and having in the middle a
Taffel of five or fix long purphfh Threads , which
bow down with the lower Leaf and turn up alfo the
ends again , with a little Frieze or Thrum at the ends
of every one. After the Flowers are pafi , arife hard ,
if rough , clammy Husks , horned or pointed at the
end , four or five funding together , jomewhat like un-
to the Seed-Vejjels 0/ Wolfs-bane or Columbines, but
greater , thicker and harder , in which is contained
round , fhining , black Seed , larger than any Colum-
blne-Seed by much , and J mailer than Peony Seed.
The whole Plants as well Roots as Leaves , is of a
ftrong Scent , not fo pleafing for the Smell as the
Flowers are beautiful to the Sight.

CHAP. CCXVIII.

Of DITTANY Ballard White.

I./~J~A H E Names.

It is called in Greek by fome.
t, ( as if it was Fra-

xinus humiiis , but that it is not:) in Latin , Fraxi-
nella , Diptamum and Ditfamnum -, alfo Dittamm vel
Diffamnus albus : in Enghfh, White Dittany, White
Baflard Dittany , and Fraxinella.

II. The Kinds. There are three kinds, viz. 1.
Fraxinella vulgaris , Fraxinella flore rubente , Com-
mon or vulgar Baftard Dittany with a reddifh Flow-
er. 2. Fraxinella flore rubro , Baftard Dittany with
a red Flower. 3. Fraxinella flore albo caruleo , Ba-
ftard Dittany with an Alli-colored Flower-

III. The Defcriptions. The fir ft , or Common
Baftard Dittany, has a white large Root , fpreading
many ways under Ground , if it ftands long : it is a
goodly Plant , and rifes up with fever al rounds hard ,
brownijh Stalks , near two feet high, the lower parts
whereof are furnijhed with many zvinged Leaves,
fomewbat like unto Liquorice or a friiall young Afh
tree, confifiing of feven , nine or eleven Leaves fet
together , which are fomething large and long , hard
and rough in handling , of a darkijh green color , and
of an unp leaf ant firong refinous Smell. The upper
parts of the Stalk are furmfhed with many Flowers
growing Spike-fafhion , at certain di fiances one from
another , confifiing of five long Leaves apiece , of
which , four which fiand on the two fides are fome-
vohat bending upwards , and the fifth banging down^
but turning up a little the end of the Leaf again , oj
a faint or pale red color , firiped thro ’ every Leaj

IV. The fecond , or Baftard Dittany with a red
Flower, for Root , Stalks , Leaves , Flowers and Seed ,
with the Form and Manner of Growing , are all very
like to the former , excepting that the Stalks and
Leaves are of a darker green color , and that the
Flowers are of a deeper red color , and growing in a
little longer Spike j in which things the Difference
chiefly confifis.

V. The third , or Baftard Dittany with an Afh-
colored Flower, Is alfo in Root , Stalks , Leaves ,
Flowers , Seed , Form and Manner of Growing , like
to the fecond , excepting that the Leaves and Stalks
are of a frejher green color than any of the former,
and the Flowers are of a very pale or whitifh blew
color, tending to an AJh color, in which the Diffe-
rence chiefly confifis.

VI. The Places. All thefe kinds are found to
grow naturally in many places both of Germany and
Italy but with us they are only nurs’d up in Gar-
dens.

VII. The Times. They flower in June and July -
and their Seed is ripe in July or Augufi.

VIII. The Vitalities. It is hot and. dry in the fe-
cond Degree; Anodyne, Aperitive, Attenuating, Bi-
dding, Digeftive, Stomatick, Nephritick, Hyfterick,
Lmmenagogick and Alexipharmick.

IX. The

'Englijb "Herbs.

3°

IX. The Specification. Ir is peculiar againft Poy-
fon. Plague, Sroppage of Urine, and the Courfes in
Women.

X. The Trepanations. You may have therefrom,
I . A liquid Juice of the Leaves and Root. 2. An
E fence of the fame. 3. An Infufion of Leaves and
Roots in Wine. 4. ATouder of the Seed. 5. A bit
migatwn. 6. A Pouder of the Root. 7. A Spiritu-
ous Tincture. 8. An Acid Tintture. 9. An Oily
Tintture. 10. A Spirit. Thefe four lalt from the
Root chiefly, or Root and Herb.

The Virtues.

XI. The liquid Juice of Leaves and Root. Taken
from one fpoonful to two in White Port Wine, it
is good againlt the Strangury, provokes Urine, and
is laid to break the Stone in the Bladder, and expel
it : it alfo provokes the Terms, and biings away
both Birth and After-birth.

XII. The Efence of Roots and Leaves. It has all
the former Virtues ^ belides which, ir is good toi
Weaknefs and Illnefs of the Stomach, prevails a-
gainft all cold and moift Difeales of the Womb, and
is profitable againlt the Scingings and Bitings ol
Hornets, Scorpions, Serpents, Mad-Dogs, and other
venomous Bealts : it prevails againft deadly Poy-
fons, and all forts of malign and peftilential Di-
feales. Dofe one or two fpoonfiils Morning and
Night, in a Glafs of Generous Wine.

XIII. The Infufion oj Leaves and Roots in Wine.
It has all the former Virtues, but not full out fo
powerful, and may be given to four or fix ounces :
it expels Wind, and eales the Cholick.

XIV. The Pouder of the Seed. Given to a dram
or more in White Port Wine, it prevails againft the
Strangury , provokes Urine, and breaks the Stone
(as Authors fays) in the Bladder, and drives it
out.

XV. The fumigation. The Root made into little
bits, or a very grofs Pouder, and the Fume of it,
being caft upon live Charcoal, and received by a
Funnel up the Womb, it warms and cleanfes that
Part, and is faid to bring away the After-birth ^
fome of the Effence thereof being taken at the fame
time inwardly.

XVI. The Pouder of the Root. If it is given to a
dram with fifteen grains of Rhubarb , it kills and
drives forth Worms : and being given from one to
two drams, it efte&ually refills Poyfon and the Ve-
nom of Serpents, Mad-Dogs, Lfc. prevails againft
the Plague and other contagious D.feafes, kills
Worms in the Stomach and Belly, and gives eafe in
the Stone.

XVII. The Spirituous Tintture of the Root , or of
Root and Leaves. It has all the Virtues of the Juice
and Effence, but more powerfully warms and com-
forts a cold, weak and lick Stomach, reftores a de-
praved Appetite, and caufes a good Digeftion : it
expels Wind, and gives eafe in the Cholick. Dofe
two or three drams.

XVIII. The Acid Tintture. It heals inward
Wounds, and prevails againft theEpilepiy or Falling-
ficknefs, Vertigo, Lethargy, Head-ach, Megrim, and
other cold and moift Dileafes of the Head and Brain.
It cuts tough Flegm, opens Obftruffions of the
Lungs and other Vilcera, helps to break the Stone,
and expels Sand and Gravel , as allb any kind 01
tartarous Matter from the Breft, Lungs, Reins, Ure-
ters and Bladder. Dofe 16 many drops as muv
make the Vehicle pleafantly lharp, to be taken three
or four times a day.

XIX. The Oily Tintture. It is good againft Con
vulfions and Cramps, as alfo Lamenels, Numbed-
nefs, Pains, Aches, Palfies, and other like cold and

moift Difeafes of die Nerves, being well bathed
upon the Parts affected Morning and Night : alio
taken inwardly, from ten to twenty five drops, in a
Glafs of White Port Wine, it is an evcellent thing
againft the Strangury and Obftruffions of Urine by
Sand, Gravel, or any tartarous or flimy Matter in
die Reins, Ureters and Bladder. Given to forty
drops, asaforefaid, to a Woman in Travil, it brings
lorth both Birth and After-birth.

XX. The Spirit of herb and Root. It is a lingu-
lar Stomatick, warming 'and comforting a cold and
weak Stomach : it reftores its Tone, expels Wind,
prevails againft the Cholick, and caufes a good Ap-
petite, and an ev.cellent Digeftion, being taken an
iour before Dinner. Dole (dulcified) one or two
Ipoonfuls.

XXI. Not a. If the green Herb is bruifed, and

applied outwardly, it draws Prickles, Thornes,
Splinters, and fuch other like things out of the
Llefh. 6

CHAP. CCXIX.

Of DITTANY Ballard, Outlandifh.

I- T' HE Names. It is called in Greek, ViMx.-
- •7*p.t'©- K) tpivJbJ'lx.-ntpcY : in Latin , Pfeudodi *
Samnum , PfeudodiSamus : in Englijh , Outlandijh
Bajiard Dittany.

II. T he Kinds. It is oppofed as the falfe kind of
the Dittany of Crcet , of which we fhall treat ( God
willing) in the Third Book of this herbal. Of this
Bajiard Dittany there are two principal forts, viz.
1. PfeudodiSamnus primus , (which, as Angltilara
fays, is called by the now Greeks , K Ba-
ltard Dittany. 2. PfeudodiSamnus alter lbeopbra-
/?;, DiSammtm alterum Dwfcoridis , The other Ba-
llard Dittany.

III. Tii

^02 ; Salmon j- Herbal. Lib. I.

J

III-. The Defcriptions. The firft has a pretty long
R, . / 3 which Is black fh , hard and woody , Jhooting
down deep into the Ground , with divers Strings
jpringing- from it. From this Root rife up Stalks or
tranches , half a yard longfometimes , on which are
Jet Juch like round and hoary Leaves as the True Dit-
tany of Greet /w-/, but neither fo thick in handling,
nor fo thick Jet on the Branches , but more difperfed ,
jrf /wo always together , againft another : from
the middle of theje Branches , /fl of them ,

owo forth the Flowers round about the Stalks at the
Joints with Leaves , which are gaping , //& thofe of
the True Cretian Dittany, ax Pennyroyal, Mint, Ca-
lami nt, and divers the like Herbs have -, which Flow-
ers are of a dull purplifh color , Banding in hoary
Husks after which comes the Seed, which is greater
and blacker than that of the True Cretian. This
Herb is fomewhat hot and Jharp, but not by half fo
much as is the True, or as is the Fraxinella in the
former Chapter.

IV. The fecond has a fibrous Root, which fpreads
it felj ', Jhooting pretty deep in the Earth from
which rife up many Jquare hoary Stalks, more than a
foot high, fet with two Leaves at a Joint, like unto
the former, but fomething larger and longer : to-
wards the tops whereof, with the Leaves , come forth
hoary Husks , like unto thofe of the Great Aflyrian
Bawm , but Jhallovoer ■, out of which fiart gaping
F lowers, mixed with white and red. The whole
Vlant fmells very well, and abides all Winter, as the
other does -, and is encreafed (as is alfo the former)
by Slipping.

V. The Places. The firft grows in many places
of Italy, as near Pifa and Leghorn the other is a
Native of the Ifland Cerigo 5 they have been both
brought to us, and flourifh very well in our Gar-
dens, if the Winter is not too violently (harp and
long. The firft has been many times raifed with us
from Seed brought from Italy but it grows very
well alfo of the Slips, being put into the Ground
about the middle of April, and a little defended
from the Heat of the Sun for a time, after the Pet-
ting, and now and then watred in the mean Sea-
fon.

VI. The Times. The firft flowers with us all the
latter part of the Summer, but feldom gives any
good Seed : but the Seafons of the other have not
been obferved.

VII. The Vitalities, Specification, Preparations and
Virtues, differ not from thofe of the True Cretian
Dittany-, nor much from thofe of Fraxinella in the
laft Chapter, to which you are referred.

CHAP. CCXX.

Of D O C K Common.

H E Karnes. It is called in Greek,

B dmi n ram(uv, quod valet exinanirc , vel Ven-
trem levare, for that it loofens the Belly : in Ara-
bick, Hamad and Humadh : in Latin, Lapathum and
Rumex and in Englifh , Common Dock.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral kinds of this
Plant, viz. i . Lapathum fylvefire vulgare, vel Ru-
mexcommunis. Common Dock, of which in this
Chapter. 2. Oxylapathum Diofcoridis, Lapathum
acuturn, Rumex acutus , Sharp-pointed Dock, of
which in Chap. 221. 3. Hydrolapathum , Rumex

aquatic us. Water Dock, of which in Chap. 222. 4.

Lapathum Maritimum, Sea Dock, of which in Chap.
223. To thefe you may add, 5. Lapathum Sangui-
ne urn, Blood-wort, of which we have already treated
in Chap. 182. aforegoing. 6. Hippolapathum Sati-
vum, Patience, or Monks Rhubarb, of which in the
following Part of this Work, in its proper place.

III. The Defcription. The Common Wild Dock
has a great long Root, of a blackifh brown cn the out-

file.

fide, and of a yellow color within : from this Root
fprings up one large , Jhff Stalk , and fame limes more ,
of a foot , <//? / fome times a foot and half high , f tf<r-
cording to the Goodnejs of the Ground ) as alfo a
great many long and broad Leaves on long Foot-Jlalks
lying upon the Ground , and fome Handing almojl up-
right, fomething round-pointed , having a great Rib
in the middle , and full of Veins on each fide the Rib ,
fmooth , and not dented round the edges. The Stalk
is of a brownifh green , /!’/ with long narrow Leaves ,
and fomewhat branched towards the top •, the Branch-
es abound with Flowers and Seed in a f piked Form :
the Flowers are reddifh , and the Seed triangular , #/-
like a Tetrahedron in Geometry , contained in a
brownijh red llusk , refemblng Chaff or Saw-

duft.

IV. T/;<? Places. It grows in Field and Meadows,
wade Grounds, Orchards, by Ditch-fides, and High-
way-fides, more efpecially in the moifter Grounds,
in molt parts of England.

V. The Times. It flowers in June and July, and
the Seed is ripe in the end of Augujl, and fome-
times earlier.

VI. The Qualities. It is temperate in refpefr to
Heat or Coldneft, and dry in the fecond Degree,
more efpecially the Seed, which is very Altringent.
The whole Plant is very Aftringent and Abfterfive,
with a kind of opening Faculty ^ and is Traumatick
or Vulnerary and Hepatick.

VII. The Specif cation. It is peculiar for curing
all Fluxes of the Bowels, chiefly the Bloody-flux.

VIII. The Preparations. The Root and Seed are

moftly in Ule, the Leaves only whilft they are
young. From this Plant you may have thefe Prepa-
rations, I. The liquid Juice of the Root , ext railed
with White or Red Port Wine. 2. A Decoliion of
the Root. 2. A Ponder of the Root or Seed. 4. A
Vinegar of the Root. 7. The di filled Water of Herb

and Root. 6. A Spirituous Tinllure of the Root. 7.
An Acid Tinllure of the Root : of all which in
order.

The Virtues.

IX. The liquid Juice of the Root. It opens Ob-
ftruftions of the Liver and Spleen, cleanfes and
ftrengthens the Stomach and other Vifcera, Hops a
Diarrhea and Lienteria, and heals the Corrofion of
the Guts in a Dyfenteria, (Lengthening them admi-
rably ^ and prevails againft the Jaundice after a An-
gular manner. Dofe four ounces or more, firft at
Night going to Bed , and as much in the Morning
falling.

X. The De coition of the Root. It has all the for-
mer Virtues, but performs not full out fo effeHual-
ly ^ it is good againft the wambling Pains and Sick-
neft of the Stomach, the Bloody-flux, and Bitings
of venomous Creatures •, and prevails againft the
Jaundice, Strangury or Stoppage of Urine, Stone,
Gravel, &c.

XI. The Pouder of the Root or Seed. It cures
Fluxes of the Belly, and Hops the over-flowing of
the Courfes in Women. Strewed upon moift and
running Sores or Ulcers, it cleanfes, dries and dif-
pofes them to a Healing. Given to a dram or dram
and half in choice Red Port Wine, it helps a Dia-
betes.

XII. The Vinegar of the Root. It is Alexiphar-
mick, being inwardly taken, and prevails againft ma-
lign and peftilential Difeafes : outwardly, it is good
againft ScurfF, Morphew, Itch, Mange, Pimples,
Puftules, Scabs, and other like Defoeda cions of the
Skin, the places aftefled being bathed therewith two
or three times a day.

305

XIII. The diftilled Whiter of the Herb end Rout.
If it is mixt with the Vinegar juft aforegoing, or
with Juice of Limons, it is good to clear the Skin
of Morphew, Freckles, Lentils, Sun-burning, Tan-
ning, Yeilowneis, and other Difcolorings of the
Skin.

XIV. The SpiritususTintture of the Root. It ad-
mirably ftrengthens the Bowels, and is good againft
all their various Fluxes, as Diarrhea, Dylencery,
Lientery, and Hepatick Flux : it is lingular againft
tainting and iwooning Fits, and Gripings of the
Guts, proceeding trom cold, Iharp and ilimy FIu-
inors. Dofe one fpoontul Morning and Night in a
Glafs of White or Red Port Wine.

XV. The Acid Tintture of the Root. It is good
againft the Yellow Jaundice, being taken in all that
the Patient drinks, whether Ale, Beer or Wine. It
ftrengthens and fortifies the Stomach, provokes Ap-
petite, and caufes a good Digeftion ; cuts thick and
tough Flegm, and carries off tartarous Matter lodg-
ed in the Stomach, Lungs, Reins, Ureters and Blad-
der ; and deftroys thofe Humors which are the
Ground and Foundation of the Kings-evil.

CHAP. CCXXI.

Of DOCK Sharp-pointed.

I. ' I ' H E Names. It is called in Greeks ’Ogvrdm-
JL 8t» : in Latin , Oxyhtpathum , Lapathum aett-
tum , Rumex acutus ; and in Englijh , Sharp-pointed
Dock.

Fury rid sharp p om to) D c c..{

II. The Kinds. Ic is threefold, vis. 1. Oxy lapa-
thum majus , Lapathum acutum majus , Rumex acutus
Cordi , The greater fharp-pointed Dock. 2. Oxyla-
pat hum, ve l Lapathum acutum minus, Rumex acutus
minor. The lefs or fmallfharp-poimed Dock. 3.

Ox ylapa-

3°4

Salmon' s

Oxylapathum , vel Lapathum acutuvi minimum, Ru-
mcx acutus minimus , The fmaller or leaft fharp-
pointed Dock.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Greater,
h.u a Root which is greet, long, and many times fork-
etl, being blackifh on the out/ide, and Jbmewhat red-
dijh and ycllomfh within, abiding many Tears but
fame tune's periling by the Extremity 0} Winter.
From this great and long blackifh Root fprtng forth
manv long, hard and narrowifh green Leaves, very
fharp-pointed at the ends, much more (harp than 111
the former fort : from among which Leaves riles up
a [tiff hard Scalk, two or three feet high, let with
the like Leaves, but fmaller ftill up to the top, not
much unlike to Sorrel, but that it is neither fo ten-
der nor four, but rather of a bittenfh Talte. This
Sulk is branched forth towards the top into feveral
large Branches or Sprigs, bearing fmall reddilh
Flowers in long Spikes ; after which, m brown
reddilh, or dun-colored Husks, is contained lmall
triangular Seed. , _ ,

IV. T hefeconi, or Lefs fharp-pointed Dock, has
a Root which is long and j lender , parted, dmerjly
with fmall f ibres appendent thereto : which Root is
of a yellow color on the inftde -, and from which rifes
up a ftrong, ft iff Stalk, about a foot, and fometimes
afoot and half high, having Leaves thereon, which
are long and narrow , waved in on the edges \ rut ij
they roc re crumpled : this Scalk is branched forth
into feveral other large Branches , almoft from the
bottom to the top -, all which Branches are alfo be-
fet at due diltances, with the like long and narrow
Leaves, crumpled in like manner ; the Stalks,
Branches and Flowers, with the Seed following
them are like unto the former, but that they Hand
not on fuch long Sprigs or Twigs, but clofer toge-
ther, fome at rhe Joints, or compafling the Stalks,
and others at the tops of, a darker color.

Herbal. Lib. I.

at feft. 5. above ; but it differs little therefrom in
its Form and Manner of Growing , except in its
Greatnefs, this being much leffer, Jmaller and lower.
The Stalk is not much above half the height of the
firft, and the Leaves very lmall, narrow, long and
fharp-pointed, not near the quarter part of the
Largenefs of the firft of this Species : rhe Flower is
fmall, as is the Seed, which is triangular, and con-
tained in the like chaffy Flusks.

VI. The Places. They are all found molt com-
monly in moijl Meadows, and fometimes in upland
Grounds alfo ; at lower ends of Grounds which are
moift and plafhy, and near or bordering on Water-
Courfes.

VIL The Times. They rife up in the Spring of
the Year ; flower in June and July, and their Seed
is ripe in Auguft.

VIII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations
and Virtues, ate the fame with thofe of the Common
Dock declared in Chap. 220. aforegoing, excepting
that the Great fharp-pointed Dock is much more ef-
ficacious and powerful to all the Intentions there
named.

IX. Obfervation. The Great fharp-pointed Dock
is eft eemed by almoft all Authors, to be a great A-
peritive or Opener, and a powerful thing againft
Scurff. Morphew, Leprofy, Pimples, Puftules, Red-
nefs, Tawninefs, Tettars, Ringworms, Herpes, and
all forts of Scabbinefs happening to the external
Parts of the Body ; and indeed it is the molt excel-
lent of all the kinds of Docks for thofe Intentions :
and therefore the Juice of the Root is commonly put
into thofe Ointments, which ate made againft Mor-
phew, Leprofy, Herpes, Tettars, Scabbinefs, OV. it
being a powerful Abfterfive, to remove thofe Defce-
dations of the Skin.

CHAP. CCXXII.

Of DOCK Water.

I.'T 'HE Names. It is called is Greek, CS'esni-

1 toQcis xj nuzxQoi' 'ivvleyv 1 in Latin, tiydrolapa-
thum , and Lapathum aquaticum, Rumex aquatic us :
in Englifh, Water Dock.

II. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. 1. Hydro/a-
pathum modus, Rumex palufiris Tragi ; Lapathum
pa/uflre Tabernmontani ; Hippolapatbum fylveftre
Gefneri , Mattbioli, Dndonei ; Hydrolapatbum mag-
num, vel majus aquaticum, The greater or great
Water Dock. 2. Hydrolapatbum minus, Rumex a-
quaticus minor, Lapathum aquaticum minus. The
leffer or fmall Water Dock.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Great Water
Dock, bin a thick Root, blackifh on the out fide, but
of a dark reddijh, or rediifh yellow within , which is
Jhorter than the Great fharp-pointed Dock, and ful-
ler of f ibres : from this Root fpring up J'everal large
Leaves, ftanding upon pretty long foot ftalks which
Leaves very much refemble the Common Dock
Leaves, but that they are much larger and longer, a
little crumpled as to their Subftance, but fmootb on.
the edges, and for the moft part fharp-pointed. There
grows up alfo one large browniflt green Stalk,
which is fometimes fpotted towards the Root with
a few reddifh Spots : the Leaves growing upon this
Stalk are much like thofe juft now deferibed, but
leffer, and growing leffer and leffer as they ap-
proach near the top, with fome little or Ieiler

• Leaves

2 2 3 . ‘Englijh 'Herbs .

Leaves fpringing from the fame Joints of the Stalk,
where the greater Leaves grow, which leffer Leaves
feem to grow in the Bofom, as it were, of the
greater Leaves. The top of the Stalk (hoots it felf
forth into feveral fmall Sprigs or Twigs *, each of
which, when in Flower and Seed, areofafpiked
Form, and all together with the main top of the
Stalk make one great fpiked Head of Flowers and
Seed ^ which Flowers and Seed differ nothing in
Appearance from thofe of the Common Dock , ex-
cepting that they always grow clofer together.

IV. The fecond. , or Leffer Water Dock, has a

Root / ike the former, but it is f mailer , and full of
long Fibres or Stri. u . the firfi Leaves a/Jo dre like
the firfi Leaves of the former , but much leffer, long
and narrower , being alfo fharp-pointed. The Stalk

is lower, and fuller of Branches, with Flowers and
Seed like to the former, and to the reft of the Docks :
fo -that there feems to be little or no ocher Diffe-
rence between this and the Greater , but in the
Magnitude of all the Parts, this being lefs every
ways*, but in its Form and Manner of Growing,
it is much the fame with the other.

V. The Places. They both grow in wet and
plafhy places, and by the edges of Handing Waters
and Ditch-fides : I have found them growing plenti-
fully in the Fens in Cambridgejhire , in Ditches, and
by Ditch-fides, and in the midft of Handing fhallow
Waters ; as alfo in low midland Grounds, at the
lower parts of the Land, bordering upon the fenny
parts, where the Earth is moift and watry, and by
(hallow Rivers-fides.

VI. The Times. Thefe alfo Power in June and
July, and the Seed is ripe in Auguft.

VII. TI)e Vitalities, Specification , Preparations
and Virtues of thefe, are the fame with thofe of the
Common and Sharp-pointed Dock -, and therefore to
the two former Chapters I referr you : but this you
may take notice of, That the Roots and Seed of the
Water Dock are little inferior to thofe of the Sharp-
pointed Dock -, and fome learned Men which I know,
affirm, that they exceed in Efficacy.

VIII. An Obfervation. The Roots of Water
Docks or Sharp-pointed Docks , being boiled in Wa-
ter till they are foft, and then beaten in a Mortar
with Hogs Lard, and fo made into an Ointment, is
good againft Scabs, Itch, Mange, Scurff, Morphew,
Leprofy, Lfc. the Patient being daily anointed
with it.

CHAP. CCXXIII.

Of DOCK Sea.

I.'T'i/E Names. It .is called in Greek, hd-^Tv

JL ixcJSi!, Qa.rd.osio v • in Latin , Lapathum Alu-
ritimus , Rumex Mari twins : in Eng/ijh , Sea Dock.

II. The Kinds. It is fingu laris fui generis , and
becaufe it is a very ftrong-feented Plant, Authors
are pleafed to call it Lapathum Mar it i mum fvtidum ,
Stinking Sea Dock.

III. The Defcription. It has a tong Root , which
is pretty thick with fome Fibres thereat , and gees
fomewhat deep into the Earth , it being generally ve-
ry light and fandy Ground in thofe marfhy places.
From this Root rifes up a Stalk which is reddifh,
a foot, and fometimes half a yard high or long,
which bends feveral ways. The Leaves grow at the
gouty Joints upon long Foot-ftalks, Which are broad
at bottom, long with a breadth, roundilh towards
the top, and then (harp-pointed ^ they are of a dark
red color, waved about the edges, and winged du-
ally at bottom, with two fmall pieces like Ears.
The Stalk (preads it felf into many Branches, with
the like, but leffer Leaves on them, and a little
dented about the edges. At the top of the Stalk
Hands a Spike of Flowers, corapofed of four molfy
Leaves apiece ^ after which follow leaved round
Heads, which contain the Seed.

IV. T he

io6 Salmon s Herbal . Lib. L

3

IV. The Places. It grows in Salt Marfhes, by
the fides of Rivers and Brooks which daily Bow
with Salt Water, and in Handing Waters which are
iomecimes overflowed with Salt Floods, or where
the Salt Water Bows fo high as to reach the Roots
thereof. I found it growing in and near the Marfhes
by Kmgs-1 \nn in Norfolk, and near the Sea-Jhore in
rnanv other places.

V’. The Times . It Bowers in June and July, and
the Seed is ripe not long after.

VI. As toits Vitalities and Virtues , Authors have
been Blent thereon , and I knowing nothing by Ex-
perience concerning it, ihall forbear any farther Dif-
courfe about it.

CHAP. CCXXIV.

Of DODDER.

I.Hp HE Karnes. It is called in Arabick , Chaf
X full? , and Cufcuih : in Greek, KrfWQa, x} y^cr-
ffv-rrti : in I .at in, Cufcuta , Cajfuta , Caffyta , Podagra
lint , Angina Uni : in Englifh , Dodder.

II. T be Kinds. It is a fingular Plant of the kind,
and yet is various ^ for being a Climer, it is laid by
Authors to be as manifold as are the Plants upon
which it climbs, and accordingly has gotten as ma-
iiv Surnames j as, ‘EA'ivpov, Epithymum , Dodder of
time: W.t far©, Epntithyma/us, Dodder of Spurge:
S P.phlltlCd. Doddt-'l of iNCttleS ‘. £77?f VyyiOV,

Eperynorium , Dodder ol fay n go : e^aWxn, Epia-
p'<act\ Dodder of Tares : bn C'ihm, Epibicium idem :
i-r.c-m. 77 Epigeniflon , Dodder of Broom : w/x 7?ftci',
hpididamnus, Dodder of Dittany : Epi-

1 hymbra , Dodder of Savory : Epibaton ,

Dodder or Brambles : iwA/wr, Ejuhnum , Dodder of
l lax: Epilibanetis , Dodder of Rolema-

ry, or Herb Frankincenfe -. Epmarum , Dod-

der of Herb Mafticha : bixa^aC/?, Epicannabis, Dod-
der of Hemp : fofc? mp, Epibryon , Dodder of Hops .
eWxw, Epipolium , Dodder of Polimountain : brVofu,
Epifta’be , Dodder of Knapweed: fra^axo!',
maracum, Dodder of Marjoram : Epubjin-

thion , Dodder of Wormwood : bn^caJ' Epich.:-
mtedry 's , Dodder of Germander : s^«^Jaxr«, Epid'a-
mxalte , Dodder of Dwarf Elder : ^b'cj&rr©-, £/>/-
hvjfopus, Dodder of Hy flop, 6?V. And yer, norvvith-
ttanding all this Variety of Names , it is but one
Plant or Herb, and has but one Defcription.

III. The Defcription.' T bis Herb taking Root in
the Ground from Seed , Jhoots forth Threads or
Strings grojfer or finer , ^ rfo Property of the Cli-
mate^ Quality of the Earthy and Nature of the Plant
on which it grows will admits creeping and fpread-
ing on that Plant on which it fafineth , £>;• /f/wz which
it climbs , fo it high or low , clafping about the very
Grafs, if it meets with nothing elfe. Thefe Strings
are many, but have no Leaves at all, and windeand
interlace themfelves fo thick many times upon a
fmall Plant, that it deprives it (as it were) of the
Heat of the Sun, and feemingly choaks it : after
thefe Strings are rifen up to that height and ttrength,
that they may draw Nourilhment from the Plant
upon which they climb, you (hall fcarcely fee any
Appearance of the Rife of thofe Strings from the
Earth, they being broken off by fome Accident, or
withred by the Heat of the Sun, or otherwife de-
cayed ( from which Appearance I believe it was,
that Matthiolus and fome others did think it to
grow without Root, and not firft to fpring out of
the Earth , as it certainly does, and as they who
may be pleafed to fow the Seed in a Pot by it felf,
may obferve, and fee its fpringing up but if they
meet with no Herb or Plant, upon which they may
twine themfelves and clamber, they loon perilh and
die away : ) and from this Reafon I fuppofe it is,
that feveral have thought them to grow as Mcfs
upon Trees, or like Mijfelto : but after they have
lott their Ground-roots, I am apt to think, that the
whole Plant draws its Nourilhment ( like as Ivy )
from thofe Plants on which it grows. Upon thele
Strings or Threads, which are lometimes white and
fometimes red, according to the Herb or Plant on
which they grow, are found Clutters or fmall Heads
of Husks, out of which proceed whitilh Flowers j
which being palt away, do afterwards give fmall
pale-colored Seed, fomewhat Bat, and twice as large
as Poppy Seed.

IV. Obfervation i. Pliny lib. 2 6. (dp. 8. makes
two forts of Epithymum , making the one to be the
Flowers of Time , as Diof corides before him did,
both green and white : the other to be red Threads
or Strings growing without Root. This Duplicity
of kinds Matthiolus has confuted, and now molt of
our modern Authors acknowledge but one kind, tho’
it may have fometimes white and fometimes red
Strings, as Tragus firft obferved, growing on leve-
ral Herbs, according to which, they are found to be
of thofe two differing Colors.

V. Obfervat. 2. By this alfo it may appear, that
neither Time nor Savory , nor any other Herb, do
naturally, of their particular Seed, bring forth thefe
Strings, but that they fpring from their own Seed,
either Ihed or fcattered of themlelves upon the
Ground, or coming among the Seeds of other Herbs
which are fown. As alfo they creep upon various
Plants, fo in the hotter Countries they dole upon
hot Herbs, as on Thyme , Savory, Hyjjop. Marjoram ,
Rofemary , &c. but in England they, tor the molt
part, climb upon colder Plants, as on Eearn, Elax,

Chap. 225. ‘Englijb Herbs. 307

hi /up, Kettles, Dwarf-Elder, Tares, on which laft
ic grows abundantly in fome places, where it de-
ft roys the Pulfie, or at leaft makes it much worfe ;
aud'is called by the Country People, Hell-meed, be-
caufe they know not how to deftroy it.

VI. The Places. Dodder grows in Afm minor , or
Kalo/ia, Greece, the More a, Spain, Italy, and other
hot Countries ; as alfo plentifully in England I
found it growing Wild in feveral places in Cam-
bridgefhire, upon Dwarf-Elder, and upon Kettles,
as alio in feveral hemp- lands upon Hemp. It grows
on leveial Plants upon Hamfte ad-heath, as upon
Pern, See. as alfo on feveral'places on Black-heath
in Kent, where Parkinfon fays he found it. It
grows plentifully upon Kettles in Somerfetfhire ,
and in feveral other parts of this Kingdom ; as alfo
upon Tares near London.

VII. The Times. It flourilhes in July and Au-
gufl, in which times, and alfo after, it bears its
Flower and Seed.

VIII. The Qualities. It is faid to be hot and dry
in the fecond Degree : but I am of the Opinion,
that that Dodder which grows on the hot Plants, as
Tbime, Marjoram , Savory, Hyjfop , is hot in the fe-
cond Degree , but that which grows on the colder
and more temperate Plants, as Pern, Kettles, Flax ,
Hemp , See. does not exceed the firft Degree of Heat :
for the dualities and Properties of this Herb much
follows thole of the Plants upon which it grows,
and fo in fome meafure changes and alters accord-
ingly ; fo that enquiring into the Nature of the
Plant upon which it is nourilhed, you may in part
fee into what Nature and Properties it may be al-
tered. It is Abfterfive, with an aftringent or bind-
ing Quality, elpecially that which grows upon the
Bramble, and other allringent Plants , fince it is ma-
nifeft, that it receives a certain Quality from its
Parents, by whofe Juices it is nourilhed. That which
grows upon hotter Herbs, as Thyme and Savory, be-
comes hotter and drier, and of thinner parts. That
which grows upon Broom is Diuretick, and pro-
vokes Urine more forcibly, and withal makes the
Belly more foluble. That which grows upon Flax
is lefs drying. It is dedicated to the Liver and
Speen, as alfo the other Bowels •, and has a gentle
fort of Cathartick or Purging Faculty with it.

IX. The Specification. It is a peculiar thing a-
gainft Opprelhons of the Spleen, and Hypochon-
driack Melancholy.

X. The Preparations. This Herb admits not of
many Preparations, the chief are, I. A Juice or
Effence. 2. An Infufion or Decoflion.

The Virtues.

XI. The liquid Juice or EJfence. It opens Ob-
ftruHions of the Liver and Spleen, and purges Me-
lancholy and aduft Choler from the Spleen and Hy-
pochonders, and indeed from the whole Body. Dofe
three ounces, fweetned with an ounce of choice
Manna diffolved in it. It evacuates Flegm from the
Head and Vifcera, difeharges the Lungs, and is pro-
fitable againft a Vertigo, Megrim, and other inve-
terate Pains of the Head. It prevails againft faint-
ing and fwooning Fits, by carrying off the (harp
and acrid Humors which caufe them. It is power-
ful againft Madnefs and Agues, efpecially Quartanes,
tho’ they have been of a long continuance. And as
it is good againft Hypochondriack Melancholy, fo
alfo it prevails againft thofe Difeafes which that Hu-
mor breeds, as Scirrhus, Cancer, Hardnels of the
Spleen, Pain and Windinefs of the Spleen, Stop-
page of the Reins, Itch, Scabs, Leprofy, Elephan-
tialis, malignant and cancerous Ulcers, as alfo the
Malignity of the French- Pox. It very much deanfes

the Blood from Melancholy and aduft Humors, is
good againft the Yellow Jaundice, and tho’ it has a
purging Property, yet it alfo ftrengthens both Liver
and Spleen, and cures Agues in Children, if a little
Worm-feed be added to ic. It provokes Urine An-
gularly, and deanfes the Urinary Puilages from
Spid, Gravel and tattarous Matter, efpecially if a
little of the Pouder of Am feed and Tincture of
Wormwood be added, and then it alfo eafes Gripings
in the Bowels, and brings down the Terms in Wo-
men. Mix the Dofe with a Glafs of White Port
Wine, and fo let it be drunk.

XII. The Infufion or DecoUion in White Wine. If
you make a Decoflion thereof, the Boiling mull not
be much, for it will not endure long boiling, be-
caule it will loofe it felf. It has all the Virtues of
the liquid Juice or Effence aforegoing, and may be
taken to half a pint, more or lefs, at a time, fweet-
ned by diffolving an ounce of pure Manna in the
fame. It is faid to cure Children of Agues, being
given from two to fout ounces, as aforeiaid.

XIII. Nota. Dodder of Flax is peculiar for 0-
pening Obftruflions of Liver, Spleen and Gall.
Dodder upon Brambles is good againft the Yellow
Jaundice, and ftrengthens the Vifcera much. Dodder
of Kettles provokes Urine, opens Obftrudions of
the Womb, and loolens the Belly. Dodder of Thyme
comforts and warms a cold Stomach, and reftifies
the Difcrafy of the Blood and Humors, prevailing
againft old Head-achs, the Megrim, Vertigo, Mad-
nefs, Epileply, purging downwards black Choler
and Melancholy. Dodder of Broom is good to open
ObftruQion's of the Reins, Ureters and Bladder,
provoke Urine, expel Sand, Gravel and tartarous
Matter, and give eafe in the Strangury, expelling
watry and hydropick Humors. In a word. Dodder
of all other Plants, in like manner, partakes of the
Nature, Qualities and Properties of them on which
they grow, (as abovefaid) whether they be hot or
cold, cathartick or aftringent ; and it is thought to
work more effeftually for thofe Difeafes, whereun-
to the Herb it felf is applied. But Epithymum, or
Dodder of Thyme, is that which, by all Phyficians,
is accounted the moll principal and moft powerful
Dodder ; and doubtlefs is the belt of them all, to
be ufed to cold and moill Habits and Conftirutions
of Body.

CHAP; CCXXV.

Of DOG S-B A N E.

I. 'T-' H E Karnes. It is called in Greek , 'AjmWtr,
JL *; KvrSptgr , ( quia Cants interficit ; ) the
Greeks alfo call it , from its diming Pro-

perty ; in Latin , Apocymtm, and Pertploca : in Eng*
lijh , Dogs-bane.

II. The Kinds. There are five kinds hereof, viz.
three European kinds, and two American. The Eu -
ropean kinds ate, 1. Apocynum anguftifohum five
repens, Climing Dogs-bane, or Narrow-leav’d Dogs-
bane. 2. Apocynum latifolium non repens. Broad-
leav’d upright Dogs-bane. 3. Apocynum folio an-
gufio Sa/icts, Willow-leav’d Dogs-bane. The Ame-
rican kinds are, 4. Apocynum re flam minus attgu -
flifolium Americanum , The leffer uptight narrow-
leav’d American Dogs-bane. 5. Apocynum reflum
majus latifolium Americanum , The greater upright
broad-leav’d American Dogs-bane, or Virginian

R r 1

W fj);

Creeping ~2)aggs &onz~
Dongs' bane lirtad Leaved

III. The Defcriptions. T be firft, or Narrow-leav’d
diming Dogs-bane, has a Root which fpreads in the
Ground like the other , and fometimes fends forth
Suckers , whereby it is encreafed. This Root fends
forth feveral woody Branches , but tough and flexible ,
of a dark greyifh green color , and fometimes brown-
jjh , efpecially near the Ground , where it bears no
Leaves after it is grown to any bignefs or height ,
which wind them] elves from the Sun-ward, to a ve-

ry great height, twenty foot high, or more fometimes.
if any thing grows or ft ands by it, upon which it may
climb higher, or elfe falling down again with its top,
on which ft and at feveral good diftances (faving at
the tops , where they ft and thicker fet together ) two
Leaves longer and narrower than the next deferibed ,
and pointed at the ends , fomewhat thick, and of a
deep green color, almoft jhining. The Flowers ftand
in the lame manner as thole in the next, and confift
of five thick Leaves, each of them pointed, and
bending fomething backwards, leeming to have two
Leaves apiece, one lying upon another, like unto
thofe of Barren-wort, the undermoft being greener
and larger than the upper Leaves which lye upon
them, and are not fo large to cover them wholly,
but leave the green brims or edges of the lower
Leaves to be feen round about them -, which upper
Leaves are of a dark purple or reddilh color J and
cleave fo fall to the lower, that it is very hard to
feparate them. In the middle of each Flower Hands
a green Pointel, encompalfed with five dark yellow
■ Chives, each of them twining inwards. After the
Flowers are fallen, fmall long Cods appear, (in
warm Countries, but fcarcely in England ') two al-
ways joined together, but more ftri&ly than in the
following Plant, bending fomething more outward
in the middle, and meeting together almoft at the
points, in which lyes fiat Seed, wrapped in a kind
of filken Down. This Plant loofes its Leaves, but
not its Stalks, in the Winter, frelh coming forth a-
gain in the Spring.

IV. The fecond, or Broad-leav’d upright Dogs-
bane, has a Root which grows down into the Ground
fpreading it felf out into feveral Branches, with di-
vers fmall Fibres' adjoining : from this Root fprings
up a woody Stem , of the thicknefs of ones Finger
covered with a greyifh Bark -, from whence arife fe-
veral woody, but flexible greenifh Branches , eajy to
twift or winde about any thing, being very tough and
hard to break , ftanding for the moft part upright,
and feldom trailing, or laying hold of any thing which
may grow near it having two broad dark green
Leaves, but Jharp-pointed , and not round , fet at e-
very Joint all along, but not very near one unto ano-
ther, full of Veins, and fomething fofter than Ivy-
Leaves, but thick withal 5 whofe Stalks and Branch-
es being broken, yield a pale yellow-colored Milk or
Juice. But as Diofcorides and other Authors fay,
of a much deeper yellow which thing may be ad-
mitted when it grows in warmer Clinates than is
this of ours. The Flowers fpring forth at the Joints
with the Leaves, growing upon Foot-ftalks not ve-^
ry long j and at the tops three or four or more of
them ltand, fometimes together, which confift of
five fmall pointed Leaves, of a whitifh color, yet
larger than thofe of Afclepias ox Swallow-wort. Af-
ter which (in the hotter Climates, but fcarcely in
ours) grow long, crooked and pointed Cods, fome-
thing more hard and woody than thofe of Swallow-
wort, altho’ nothing fo much as thofe of the Olean ■
der or Rofe Bay-tree, two moft ufually ftanding to-
gether upon one Stalk, but fevered at the fetting to
the Stalk , and are full of a filken white Down,
(like the former) in which lye difperfed many fiat,
blackifh brown Seeds. This Plant loofes not its
Branches in the Winter, but only its Leaves, they
every Spring Ihooting forth new again.

V. The third, or Willow-leav’d Dogs-ban^, has
a Root much like the firft, from which Jpring woody
Stems or Branches, having fet at every Joint of the
climbing Twigs two narrow Leaves apiece , like to
the. firft kind , but they are not fo thick , rather a lit-
tle thinner, and much narrower than they , almoft
refemb/ing the Form of a Willow Leaf The Flow-
ers are like the firft, and blow as late, being very

much

Chap, 2 26, Englifi) Herbs.

\°9.

much like ro the former Narrow-leav'd in its Form
and Manner of Growing ; and it loofes its Leaves in
the Winter, as that other does, renewing them a-
gain in the Spring.

VI. The fourth , or Lelfer upright narrow-leav'd
American Dogs-bane, has a thick Root, but it creeps
not in the Ground, as the Greater American doth ;
but from many long Fibres, it Jhoots forth a round
brown Stalk, about half a yard high , having at each
Joint a pair of long narrow heaves, and fuch a large
Tuft of Flowers at the top, as the following has, but
of a deeper purple color, which have a certain Clamr
minefs on them, which will detain Flies or other
light things which happen to fall thereon. After
which come long and lirait Cods, ( not crooked, like
tit t Greater fort following) with flat brown Seed
therein, lying in a white kind of Down, like unto
Afclepias or Swallow-wort. This being broken,yields
a milky Sap or Juice, like the other.

VII. The fifth, or Greater upright broad-lea v’d
American Dogs-bane, called Virginia Silk, has a
Root which is long and white, of the thicknefs of a
Man's Thumbs running under Ground very far, and
footing up again in divers places, the Heads being
fet full of [mall white Knobs or Knots, fending forth
many Branches, if it Jiands any long time in a place.
From this Root rifes up one Stalk , and fometimes
more, being ft rang and round, and three or four feet
high, on which are fet , at the feveral Joints there-
of, two fair, long and broad Leaves, round-pointed,
with many Veins therein, growing clofe to the Stem
without any Foot-ftalk. At the tops of the Stalks’
and fometimes at the Joints with the Leaves, grows
forth a great Bufh of Flowers, out of a thin Skin,
to the number of twenty, and fometimes of thirty
or forty, every one with a long Foot-ftalk, hanging
down their Heads for the molt part, elpecially thofe
which are outwardmoft, every one Handing within
a Husk of green Leaves, turned to the Stalkkward,
like to the Lyfimachia 01 hooftrife Flower of Virgi-
nia, and each of them confifting of five ftnall Leaves
apiece, of a pale purplilh color on the upper fide,
and of a pale yellowilh purple underneath ; both
fides of each Leaf being as it were folded together,
making them feem hollow and pointed, with a few
fhort Chives in the middle. After the Flowers are
paft, long and crooked Cods, pointed, and Handing
upright, fucceed, in which ate contained flat brown-
KhSeed, difperfedly lying within a great deal of
fine, foft and whitifh brown Silk, very like unto the
Cods, Seed and Silk of Afclepias or Swallow-Wort but
that the Cods ate greater, and more crooked, ’and
harder alfo in the outward Shell. The Whole Plant
as well Leaves as Stalks, being broken, will yield
a pale kind of Milk or Juice.

and therefore they are not to be given to Mankind.
The three firft are faid to exceed in Malignity both
iVoolf s-bane and Oleander or Rife-Bay : but as molt
Poyfons have their Antidotes, as tliat of Thora is
Anthora, that of Pardalianches is Herba Paris-, fo
the Antidote to this Apocynum is Afclepias or Swal-
low-wort . Some may objefl it as a Fault to me,
that 1 have put into my Herbal fuch poylonons
Plants as this is ; but to fuch I anfwer, That the
more poyfonous they are, the more neceffary to be
known, that People may take notice of them, and
beware of ufing them ; yet thefe Poyfons are not
without their Virtues alfo ; tor tho’ they are not
fit to be given inwardly, yet fometimes they may be
applied outwardly to advantage. As to the afore-
going Plants, all Authors have concluded the firft
three under the Chara&er of being Deleterious or
Deadly : as for the other tvVo, nothing is yet known
of them by Experience ; yet by their milky Juice,
which is burning, fiery and exulcerating, they may
almoft be concluded in the fame Claffis ; for which
Reafon I fhould defire every one to be cautious in
their life.

XI. The milky Juice of any of the three firft
Plants, is very hot and burning, and being outward-
ly applied, it is good againft Tettars, Ringworms,
Scurf!, Morphew, Leprofy ; and to fetch Hair off
from Hides, if they be fteeped in it. Even in the
outward Application it is to be ufed with Cau-
tion.

XII. A Cataplafm hiade of the heaves of either of
the American kinds, by being beaten either crude or
boiled in Water, and fo applied, it is faid to be
good for Tumors and Pains proceeding from a cold
Caufe.

XIII. Gerard fays, that the Cods of thelaft, or
Greater upright broad-leav'd American Plant' are
fluffed full with a mod pure Silk, of a (tuning
white color : The Cods (fays he) are not only full
of Silk, but every Nerve or Sinew, wherewith the
Leaves are ribbed, ate likewife molt pure Silk ; as
alfo are the Peelings or Bark of the Stems or
Branches, like as is the Peeling or Bark of Flax or
Hemp, Cordage for making Linnen. But the Indi-
ans have not the Underftanding in them to make ufe
;of it, fo as to cover their Nakednefs, notwithftand-
ing (fays he) the Eaith is coveted over with this
Silk. This they daily tread under their Ftet, which
would be fufficient to Cloath many Kingdoms, if
it was carefully Cherifhed and Manured.

XIV. This lalt Plant Parkinfon tells us he raifed
up in England, from Seed which was fent to him
from Virginia ; but he fays there is another Plant
growing' in Virginia, called Silk-Grafs, which is ve-
ry much differing from this.

VIII. The Places. The firft and third grow in
Italy , Apulia and Calabria in the Kingdom of N41-
ples. The fecond grows in Syria and the Eafiern
Countries, as alfo in Italy, as Mattbiolus reports ;
but with us they grow in Gardens. The two laft
came from our Englifh Plantations in America. The
laft, Parkinfon fays, came to him from Virginia,
where it grows abundantly ; he raifed it from the
Seed which he had from thence.

IX. The Times. The three (lift flower late in the
Year, if they flower at all with us, viz. about the
end of Auguft , and to the middle of September.
The two latter flower in July and Auguft ; and their
Seed is ripe in Auguft and September following.

X. The Qualities. Thefe Plants ate hot and dry
in the fourth Degree, kthmiecol, Venefick or Poyfo-
nous ; they ate fo great Poyfons, as to kill Dogs,
the which they will do, if the Herb is mixed with
their Bread, Broth or Meat, and fo given them ;

CHAP. CCXXV1.

Of DOG S-S TONE S,

I- I 'HE Names. This Plant is called in Greek .

X Suyorigtf : in Arabic Chaji dikes, and Qhafi
alchels : in Latin , Cynof orchis^ and Tefticu/us velLe-
jiiculi Canis .• in Englijh , Dogs-Jhmes.

II. The Kinds. This Plant is of the kinds! of
Orchis $ flow, how manifold the chief and principal
Species or Kinds of Orchis are, we think neceffary
to declare here, that things may be fet in a true and
clear Light. Orchides then are divided into nine
principal kinds, viz. into, i. Cy no/orchis , Dcg>-

ffones,

i io Salmon s Herbal. Lib. 1.

Hones, ol which only in this prefent Chapter. 2.
Orchis mone, tools -Hones. 3- Orchis Serapias , vcl
Tijiiculus Vulpinus , t ox-Hones. 4. Tragorchis ,
Goats-flohes. 5. Orchis odor at us, Tejhculus odora-
ius, Sweet Cullions, which fee in Chap. i 8q. afore-
going. 6. Orchis abortively vcl Aldus avis. Stones
mif-fhapen, or Birds-nefl, which fee in Chap. ~jj.
of this Book. 7. Orchis pa l mat a , Handled Orchis.
8. Orchis pa/ufiris , Fenny-Hones. 9. Orc.b/r

Fly Orchis-, of all which (not yet treated ot)
we (hall {peak hereafter in their proper places.

III. Dogs-Jiones ( the fubjeft Matter ot this Chap-
ter) are accounted by Authors to be about fourteen
or fifteen feveral kinds, but we (hall only treat of
thofe which are found to grow in England , which
are thefe following, viz. 1. Cynoforchis major lati-
folia , The greater broad-leav’d Dogs-flones. 2. Cy-
noforchis major purpurea latifoha , fhe greater broad-
leav’d purple Dogs-flones. 3. Cynoforchis major /pica
compaSa , Marfh Dogs-Hones, or The greater pale
purple-Howred Dogs-Hones. 4. Cynoforchis latijoha
minor , The fmaller pale purple Dogs-Hones. %.
Cynoforchis maculata , Spotted Dogs-Hones. 6. Cy-
nof orchis mill tans , five Strateumatica major , The.
greater Soldiers Dogs-ftones. 7. Cynoforchis mill-
taris minor , The lefler Soldiers Dogs-flones. 8.
Cynoforchis mi lit arts minima , five Pannonica , The
leafl or Hungarian Soldiers Dogs-Hones.

IV. The Defections. Thefirjf, or Great broad-
leav’d Dogs-Hones, has a Root which is compofed of
two round while Bulbs , /<?/ together , //fo /fo /wo
Stones Dog, with long Fibres at the Heads of
them , one fo me what higher fometimes than another
dW always one of them , which is the higher , is firm,
full and hard , /fo o/for A/tf/fc, wrinkled and foft ,
which wajieth away to nothing , leaving the firm Root,
vob'tcb fo abides all the Winter, and in the Spring a-
nother is engendred, and encreafes from the fide oj
the old one, and then that begins to grow lank, whiljl
the other new one encreafes . This Root fends forth
five or fix broad Leaves near the Ground ^ from a-
mong which riles up around green Stalk, half a yard
high, bare or without Leaves, or but one or two
fmaller Handing below, at the top of which Hands

a fpiked Head of purplifh Flowers, let thick and
clofe together, made like unto open Hoods, from
the middle whereof hangs down a final! Body, as it
were, of a Dog, or other fiich Creature, being of
a pale purple color it fell, fpotted with deeper pur-
ple Spots, and Lines ; alter which come lomewhar
long and round fmall Husks, containing therein ra-
ther fmall Dull than Seed, it is fo fmall.

V. The fecond , or Greater broad-leav’d purple
Dogs-Hones, has a Root like the former but this
fort has Leaves fomething narrower than the other :
the Stalk is nearly of the fame height, and the fpi-
ked Head of Flowers is neither fo long nor fo thick ^
and the Flowers are of a whirifh purple color, mark-
ed with fome purple Spots and Lines more inward,
formed like open Hoods, and finall Bodies hanging
forth, like the former j the Seed being alio like the
fame.

VI. The third, or Marfh Dogs-Hones, has a Root
like the firji aljo -, and the Leaves of this are fome-
what narrower than in the laji •, and the Stalk alfo
is fomewhat lower , with Leaves upon it, which are
fometimes fpotted and the fpiked Head fhort and
clofe ; with the like Flowers for Form, but fome-
what lefs, thick fet together, which are of a whit-
ifh purple color, and fpotted.

VIk The fourth , or Smaller pale purple Dogs-
flones, ( which Gerard calls White Dogs-Hones) has
Roots altogether like the firji aforegoing , from which
fprings up a Stalk almoji a foot high , Jet with five
or fix Leaves, clafping or embracing the fame round
about : and the firfl Leaves rifing up, are likewife
fmooth, long, broad Leaves, but lefler and narrow-
er than thofe of the firfl kind. The fpiky Head of
Flowers is fhort, thick, bulhy, compaft of many
fmall whitifh purple-colored Flowers, and fpotted
on the infide with many fmall purple Spots , and
little Lines or Streaks. The fmall Flowers are like
an open Hood or Helmet, having hanging out of e-
very one, as it were, the Body of a little Man,
without a Head, with Arms ltretched forth, and
Thighs Hradling abroad, after the fame manner al-
molt that the Children are wont to be pictured,
hanging out of Saturn’s Mouth.

V 111. The fifth , or Spotted Dogs-Hones, have
Roots like the others , but lejjer ■, from whence come
forth narrow Leaves, ribbed in Jome fort like unto
the Leaves of Narrow Plantane or Ribwort, dajht
with many black Streaks and Spots. The Stalk is a
foot and half or more high ^ at the top of which
does grow a Tuft or Ear of Violet-colored Flowers,
mixt with a dark purple, but in the Hollownefs
thereof whitifh, not of the fame Form or Shape
which the others are of, but lefler, and as it were
refembling fomething the Flowers of Larks-Spur.

IX. The fixth, or Greater Soldiers Dogs-Hones,
has round bulbous Roots, great and thick ■, from the
Heads of which Bulbs many Fibres or Threads fpring
forth. This Root fends forth feveral large Leaves
below, and fome lefler on the Stalk, which feem
to enclofe it. The Stalk is fmooth, green, and a-
bout half a yard high. The fpiked Head of Flow-
ers Hands fomewhat loofe, the Flowers being a lit-
tle feparated one from another : each Flower is alfo
like unto a Man, whofe Body has its Arms and
Legs cut off, and a Hood fet thereon ^ or a Leg-lels
Soldier with his Helmet on , the Hood or Helmet
being white , and the Body fpotted with purple
Spots.

X. The feventh, or Lefler Soldiers Dogs-Hones,
has Roots, Leaves, Stalks and Spike oj \ lowers alto-
gether like the laji, but that they are all oj them eve-
ry ways lefs, and the Flowers Jome what whiter.

XL The eighth, or Leafl Hungarian Soldiers
Dogs-Hones, has Roots like the others, but fmaller

much -s

Chap. 227. EngUjl Herbs .

1 1

ittuch ; from whence five or fix little Leaves fpring
forth ; /if S/</W is about fix or /even inches high,
fit about with fomewhat leffer Leaves. The Tuft
of Flowers at the top of the Stalk are of a purple
color, fmall, with a white Lip, divided into four
Partitions, hanging down, which is alfo fpotted
lightly with purple. It has a little Spur hanging
down on the hinder part of each Flower. The Seed
is fmall, and contained in fuch twined Heads as in
other Plants of this kind.

XII. The Places. Thefe all grow in many places
bf this Kingdom, in moift and fertile Meadows.
The Marjb Dogs-ftones grow for the moll part in
moift and waterilh Woods, as alfo in Marfh Ground.
The laft grows in Auftria, Germany , Hungary, and
in many places of England..

XIII. The Times. They flower from the begin-
ning of May till the end of June -, but, Pays Gerard,
to the end of Attguft.

XIV. The futilities. Dogs-ftones are temperate
in refpefl to Heat and Coldnefs, and the full TeJU-
clc moift in the lecond Degree. The wrinkled or
foft one temperate in relpefl to Drynefs or Moifture.
The full Teflicle feems to be Digeftive, Diuretick,
Hyfterick, Chylifick and Spermatogenetick. The
fcjt or withred Stone is oppoiite to all the foregoing
Qualities, and rarely ufed rhyfically. All the forts
or kinds of Teftieuli provoke or ftir up Lull, and
they are promifcuoufly ufed for that Purpofe ; but
the bell and moll effe&ual for that Purpofe, are the
Tefticuli Cttnini , of which the harder and fuller
Bulb is to be chofen, as aforefaid. The fuller Root
is not always the greater, but oftentimes the leffer,
efpecially if they are gathered before the Plant has
(hed its Flower, or when the Stalk firft comes up
nor does it attain to be the greateft till the Seed
comes to be perfectly ripe. For Ence that every 0-
ther Year, by courfe, one Bulb or Stone grows full,
the other empty, and fo periihes , it cannot be, that
the harder and fuller of Juice Ihould be always the
greater ; for at fuch time as the Leaves come forth,
the harder and fuller Stone begins to encreale, and
as that encreafes, fo the other, by little and little,
decreafes and withers away, till the Seed is ripe, at
what time the whole Plant above Ground does
forthwith decay and perifh, and that which all this
while has been encreafing , remains Hill ftelh and
full till the next Year.

XV. The Specification. They are peculiar for the
curing Impotency in Men.

XVI. The Preparations. You may have, 1. The
EJfence. 2. The Sanguis or Blood.

The Virtues.

XVII. The EJfence. Being taken daily, firft in
the Morning falting, and laft at Night going to Bed,
from one fpoonful to three in a Glafs of generous
Wine, it not only provokes Lull, but it alfo takes
away the Imbecility or Impotency of the Inftruments
of Generation, but alfo promotes a plentiful Gene-
ration of Seed.

XVIII. The Sanguis or Blood. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Effence, but is indeed more powerful to
all the mentioned Intentions 5 it comforts and warms
the Inftruments of Generation, making a liberal en-
creafe of Animal Spirits, ftirring up the Perfon who
takes it to an ardent defire of Coition. The Dole
is one or two fpoonfuls in a Glafs of Madera or 0-
ther generous Wine, Morning and Night.

CHAP. CCXXVII.

Of DOG S-T O O T H.

I.'T 'HE Karnes. Some will have this to be
J- tta'TVdiov licTfiiity, Diofcoridis, i. e. Satyrwn
habeas Radicis Corticem rubrum , Diofic. lib. 3. cap.
144. but this other Authors will not allow of : Par-
kinfon will have that (and I believe rightly enough)
to be our Tulip. Others will have this Plant to be
a kind of Violet , ( tho’ there is nothing like a Violet
in it ) and fo call it Dogs-tootb Violet. It is called
it Latin , Dens caninus , Dentali Clufiti O’ Lobelii ,
Hermodaflylus Gefneri , Pfeudobermodailylt/s Mat-
thioli ; and in Eng/ijh, Dogs-tootb.

II. The Kinds. It is doubtlefs one of the kinds
of Satyrwn, tho’ not the true Satyrion Diofcoridis,
and our Moderns have given to it the Name of
Dens caninus. It is threefold, viz. 1 . Dens caninus
fiore albo, Dogs-tooth with a white Flower. 2.
Dens caninus flore purpurafeente , Dogs-tooth with
a purple Flower. 3. Dens caninus flore rub ro, Dogs-
tooth with a red Flower.

III. The Defcripdons. The firft , or White-
flowred, has a white bulbed Root, long and fmall, yet
commonly larger than either of the two following, big-
ger below than above, with a fmall piece adjoining
to the bottom of it. from this Root, in the beginning
of the Spring , after the Winter-frofts are paft, two
Leaves for the moft part ( very rarely three) rife up,
when it will flower , (otherwife but one) which are
clofei together when they firft come up out of the
Ground, and enclofe the flower between them. The
Leaves, when they are opened, do lay themfelves
flat on the Ground, or not much above it, one op-
pofite unto the other, with the Stalk, and the Flow-
er upon it, Handing between them ; which Leave?*
are of a whitifh green color, long and narrow, yet
broader in the middle than at both ends, growing

1 f '

Salmon x 'Herbal

lei’s bv degrees each way, fpotced and flriped all o-
ver the Leaves with white Lines and Spots. _ The
Stalk' riles up feven or eight inches high, bearing at
its top one Fiowef, and no mote. This Flower
hangs down its Head, and is larger than any of the
following kinds, ; nd confifts of fix white, _ long and
narrow Leaves, turning thcmfelves up again after it
has felt the Warmth of the Sun, that they do ai-
med: touch the Stalk again, very like to the Flow-
ers of Cyclamen or Sowbread : it has in the middle
of the blower fix white Chives, tipt with dark pur-
ple Pendents, and a white three-forked Stile in the
mid ft of them. The Flower has no Smell at all,
but is commendable chiefly for its Beauty and Form.
After the Flower is pad, there comes in its place a
round Head, feeming three-fquare, containing there-
in fmall yellow Seed.

IV. The fccond , with a purple Flower, has a
white bulbed Root , like unto the former , but lejfer ,
as aforehinted : the Leaf hereof is not fo long as that ,
but broad and Jhort , fpotted with darker Lines and
Spots. The Flower is like the other, but fmaller,
and of a delayed purple color, very pale fometimes,
and fometimes a little deeper, turning it felf as the
other, with a Circle round about the middle. The
Chives hereof are not white, but declining to pur-
ple : in all other Refpe&s it is like to the afore-
going.

V. The third , with a red Flower, has a like white
bulbous Root. The Form and Largenefs of the Leaj
is like to the la ft deferibed , fo alfo the Form and Big-
nefs of the Flower : but in this the chief Difference
confifts, ^that the Leaves of this axe of a yellowilh,
mealy, green color, fpotted and ftreaked with red-
der Spots and ftripes, and the Flower of a deeper
reddifh purple color * and the Chives alfo more pur-
ple than the lad ; but in all other things they are
very like one another.

VI. The P laces. All the forts of Dens caninus

grow in Foreign Countries, as in Italy on the Euga-
nean Hills , on the Apenine , alfo about Gratz the
chief City of Stiria, and about Bayonne , and in fe-
veral other places : they alfo grow in the Gardens
of our Florifts in England.

VII. The Times. They mod commonly flower in
March , and many times in April, according to the
Warmth or Coldnefs of the Seafon.

VIII. As to the Qualities, Specification , Prepara-
tions and Virtues, they are much the fame with
the Orchides or Dogs-ftones in the former Chapter,
to which I referr you : only it is faid, that thefe are
more efficacious for Venereous A&ions than any of
the Orchides and Satyr ions.

IX. Obfervation. The Pouder of the Root being
given inwardly in Broth, Milk or Wine to one or
two drams, is faid to be effe&ual againft Worms in
the Belly •, to eafe the Pains of the Cholick, to
ftrengthen and nourifh the whole Body, and to cure
the Falling-ficknefs in Children.

II. The Kinds. There are many kinds of this
Plant, but the principal which grow in England are
the three following, i . Geranium Columbinum vul-
gar e, P es Columbinus communis , The common Doves-
foot. 2. Geranium Columbinum Laciniatum, Pes
Columbinus alter. The jagged Doves- foot. 3. Ge-
ranium Saxatile , Pes Columbinus Saxatilis, The
Stone or Rock Cranes-bill, or Doves-foot.

CHAP. CCXXVIII.

Of DOVES-FOOT.

I. HP H E Names. It is called in Greek, Ti&mv
* X xj oTKf t in Latin, Ge-

ranium Columbinum, Pes Columbinus -, and in Eng-
lifh, Dovesfcot.

III. The Defcriptions. The firfl , or Common
Doves-foot, has a Root which is fomething long and
woody, having fome Fibres adjoining to it from
whence arife fever al fmall, round, pale, green Leaves,
cut in about the edges, much like unto Mallows, or
rather a Doves Foot , flan ding upon long, reddifh, hai-
ry Stalks, lying in a round Compafs upon the Ground -,
from among which rife up two or three or more
jointed, reddifh, hairy Stalks, flender and weak,
with fome fuch like Leaves thereon, but fmaller,
and more cut in up to the tops, where grow many
very fmall, bright, red Flowers of five Leaves a-
piece •, after which follow finall Heads, with fmall
fhort Beaks pointing forth, as all the other forts of
Cranes-bills do, of which this is a kind, whereby
they are known to be of this Family, how differing
foever the Face or Form of their Leaves may be.

IV. The fecond, or Jagged Doves-foot, has a Rea
like the former, from whence fpring up Leaves,
which are greener, not full out fo round, and fome -
what more cut in on the edges , making the Leaf in
feem of fever al parts more than the other, or like
the Vervain Mallow, but fomething lejfer. The
Stalks are weak and leaning, like the former, as al-
fo are the Flowers and Seed with its long Beak.

V. The third , or Rock or Stone Doves-foot, is a
leffer Plant than the Common Doves-foot, and las
a Root which is fmall and yellow ifl?, yet abides mam
Tears and perifhes not, and. alfo encreafes plent f ulm
of the Seed it lets fall. From this Root fpring Jonh
many fmall Leaves, very like to thnfe of the Com-
mon Doves-foot, which are fome what cut m on the

edges y.

Chap. 229. ‘Englijh Herbs. 313

edges, very green and Jhining , fo very like to a J mall
a.: nicle Leaf , that it may eafily deceive the unawary ;
lhej'e Leaves grow upon reddifh Yoot-Jlalks , />’£

upon the Ground all the Autumn , Winter and Spring
mil the Summer that the Stalks rife up, which are
about [even, eight or ten inches high or more , bear-
ing a few Leaves on them , and very fmall. , purplifh
red l evers, brighter and redder than thofe of the
Common Doves-foot, which being pafs'd away, yield
very fmall Seed , but like the others in its Beak-like
Shape or Yajhion.

Stone or Rock Doves-foot.

VI. T be "Places. The firft grows in Meadows
and Pafture-grounds, by Ditch-fides, and Banks of
Ditches, and by Path-iides, almoft every where.
The fecond is alfo found in Meadow and Pafture
Grounds, where the Ground is fat, and near Ditch-
fides, but not fo Sequent as the former. The third
grows in ftoney, rocky and gravelly Grounds, in
Harcynia fylva , as Camerarius and T halites lay, and
about Naples, as Columna fays : and it has been of-
ten found in feveral rocky, ftoney and gravelly
places of this our Kingdom of England.

VII. T be Times. They all Hower in the Sum-
mer Months, in June, July and A'uguji, fomemore
early than the others ; and their Seed is ripe in fome
fhort time after.

VIII. The Qualities. They are cold and dry in
the firft Degree ; Aftringent, Carminative and Trau-
matick or Vulnerary ; Arthritick and Analeptick.

IX. The Specification. It is a peculiar thing to
Hop Bleeding, and cure Wounds and Ruptures.

X. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, 1. A liquid Juice. 2. An Effence. A
Dccdiion in Wine. 4. A Ponder of Herb and Root.
5. A Balfam. 6. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

‘XI. The liquid Juice. Given to two or three
fpoonfuls in a Glals of Sherry, Madera, or other
generous Wine, it prevails againft the Cholick, as
alfo againft Wind and Pains in the Stomach, and 0-

therVilcera: and it given in White Wine, it is good
to expel the Stone and Gravel in the Reins.

XII. The Ejfence. It has all the former Virtues ;
befides which, it is good for fuch as have inward
Wounds, Hurts orBruifeS; it flops inward Bleedings,
and diffolves and expels the congealed Blood. It is
found alfo by Experience to be a lingular good
thing for Ruptures or Burftennels, whether in Old
or Young. You may give two or three fpoonfuls
Morning and Night, in a Glafs of White or Red
Port, Sherry, Efri

XIII. The DccpClion in Red Port Wine. Ir is an
exceeding good Wound-drink for fuch as have in-
ward Wounds or Bruifes ; it flops the Bleeding,
cleanles and heals the Parts, and has indeed the
Virtues of the Juice or Effence, but in a lower De-
gree. Dofe five or fix ounces twice a day.

XIV. The Ponder of the Herb and Root. Gerard
lays, 'that if it is given half a fpoonful at a time in
the Morning falling, and half a fpoonful at Night
going to Bed,, in Red Wine or old Claret, for the
lpace of one and twenty days together, it will mi-
raculoufly cure Ruptures or Buiftennefis, as he had
oftentimes proved , by which he had gotten much
Money and Reputation. If the Rupture is in an a-
ged Perfon, it fliall then be needful to add thereto
(fays he) the Pouder of red Snails, (thofe without
Shells ) to the number of nine, dried in an Oven ;
by which the Pouder of the Herb will be fortified,
fo as it fhall not fail of a Cure, tho’ ( fays he) the
Rupture be great, and of long continuance. It is
good alfo for thofe who are wounded in the Body,
to flop the Flux of Blood, and heal the Wound, as
has been often proved. Dofe one dram Morning
and Night in Red Port Wine.

XV. The Balfam. It is admirable iq curing of
Wounds fimple or contufed, as alfo in healing of
Sores, Ulcers and Fiftula’s : it digefts, cleanles, in-
carnates, dries and heals to Admiration.

XVI. The Cataplafm. If it is made only of the
Herb bruifed, and fo applied, it heals fimple green
Wounds after a Angular manner. It is good alfo to
difeuis fimple Contufions ; and applied to Parts
pained with the Gout, it gives eafein the fame. It
flops the Bleeding of green Wounds, allays the
Heat of Inflammations, and difeufles hot Tumors.
It gives eafe in any Pains of the Extream Parts,
proceeding from a hot Caufe, or from Defluxion of
Humors, or from any over-draining of the Nerves
or Joints, by ftrengthening the fame.

CHAP. CCXXIX.

Of DRAGON Greater and Lefler.

1. ’T'ffE Names. It is called in Greek, Afjniirmv:

A in Arabic k, Luf and Alluf : in Latin , Dra-
contium ; and in Englifb , Dragon or Herb-Dragon ,
and Dragon-wort.

II. The Kinds. It is manifold, 1. AeMfomr m*,
J'egr.oma. oa-drn ■ in Latin , Dracontium majus , and
in the Shops, Serperttaria major, of fome, Bifcaria
and Colubrina , The great Dragon, or Dragon-wort.

2. Acr-odnn oufv, Jgo/r.Uj. pier l : in Latin, Dra-
cunculus, Dracunculus minor , Dracunculus Po/yphyl-
los Cordi : in Englijh, Small Dragon, or Dragon-
wort. To thefe we may add, ?. cs&unn r pCd-.v :
in Latin , Dracontium magnum, vel majus. The great
or greater Dragon ; this is the Dracontium major
Matthioli, which feems not to me to be of the Stock

S s of

LKJ

Salmon V 'Herbal. Lib. 1.

ol i Vagons, but rather a very large kind of Bill ort :
of thele three kinds we fhall treat in this Chapter,
a,. &.£yx'ovvov 'ivvJ'(yv : in Latin, Dracontrum aquali-
cum, vel Dracunculus aquatic us •, and in Englijh ,
Water Dragon, or Dragon-wort j of which in the
next Chapter.

III. The Defcriptions. T he fir ft, or Greater Dra-
gon, has a thick tuberous Root , like to a Knob , ma-
ny times of the Magnitude of a middle-fized Apple,
white, covered with a thi/t Feel , full of white little

Fibres appendent' thereto, continuing many Fears, ve-
ry white within , and like unto Aron-root, tufting
fomewhat Jharft like to it. From this Root riles rap
a ftraight Stalk, a Cubit and half high or higher,
which is thick, round, fmooth, whitifh and hare or.
naked, but fpotted very much with purplifh Spots
and Strakes, or with Spots of divers colors, like
thofe of the Adder and fome other Serpents. This
Stalk bears a few green Leaves, Handing upon long
Foot-ltalks, much divided on all hands • they are
great and wide, each Leaf eonfifting of feven or
more joined together in order, every one of which
is long and narrow, much like to the Leaves of
Dock, fmooth and llippery. Out of the top of the
Stalk, in the middle thereof, comes forth a great
long Husk or Hofe, (if the Root is old enough)
greater than that of the Cuckow-pint or Aron, of a
greenifh color on the outlide, and of a crimfon or
dark purplifh color on the infide •, with a long llen-
der Peftel or Clapper in the middle thereof* which
is blackifh and pointed like a Horn , the Skin or
Film whereof, when the Seed grows big, being
ft retched or broken afunder, there appears the Fruit,
like to a Bunch or Clufter of Grapes -, the Berries
whereof at firlt are green, afterwards red and full of
Juice, in which is contained Seed, which is fome-
thing hard.

IV. The fecond, or Small Dragon, has a Root not
unlike to Aron-root, having the Form of a Bulb, full
oj Fibres or Strings, with divers rude Shapes of new
P lants, by which it greatly encreafes. The whole
Plant is much like to Aron in its Leaves, Hofe or
Husk, Peftel and Berries, (and feems to me to be
the letter fort of Aron ) the Leaves are fpotted ei-
ther with white or brownifh Spots, and perifli not
prefently, but endure together with the Berries, e-
ven till Winter ; and the Berries are not of a deep
red, but of a color enclining to Saffron,.

V. The third , or Great Dragon of Matthiolu ■.
has a round bulbous Root , larger fome thing than she
former, with many Fibers at bottom thereof • from
which rifes one large, high, upright Stalk, with ve-
ry great Leaves thereon, folded and lapped one
within another ; at the top of the Stalk comes form

Chap. 230. ‘Englifb Herbs. jig

a f'pike of Flowers, not much unlike to thofe of
Bi/lort , with like fmall Seed. Some Authors will
not have this to be a Dracontium or Dragon-wort,
but rather a very large fort of Bijtort. Dodonaus
lavs, qui, ft in rerum natura efi, Bifort £ Spe-

cies videtur.

Vf. T be Place's. Dragons greater arid /offer de-
light to grow in lhadowy places ^ and with us they
grow in Gardens.

VII. The Times. They flower in July , and the
Fruit or Berries are ripe in Augufl and September.

VIII. The /Qualities. Dragons or the Dragon-
worts are hot and dry in the third Degree ^ Aperi-
tive, Attra&ive, Suppurative, Stomatick, Pe&oral,
Hyfterick and Alexipharmick.

IX. The Specification. Dragon-wort is an Anti-
dote againft Poyfon, Plague and Bitings of Veno-
mous Creatures.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,

1 . 'The prepared Root 2. A liquid Juice of Leaves
or Roots. 3. An E fence of the fame. 4. A Poudcr
of the Root. 7. A Lohoc of the Root. 6. A Cat a -
plafm of the frefh and green Leaves. 7. The Fruit
or Berries. 8. A Spirituous Tincture of the Root.
9. An Acid Tintlure of the fame. 10. An Oily Tin-
cture. 11. A Saline Tincture. 12. A difti lied Wa-
ter of Leaves , Root and Fruit.

The Virtues.

XI. The prepared Root. It is prepared by boiling
it till it is foft, and all the Acrimony pafs’d off. It
then nourilhes and is good for Food, it is alfo good
to expel thick and clammy Humors from the Breft
and Lungs : they alfo reftore in Confumptions.

XII. The liquid Juice of Leaves or Root. It is
Paid to remove the Pin and Web, as alfo Spots and
Pearls in the Eyes, being put into Coltyriums or Me-
dicines which are made for the Eyes. Diofcorides
fays, that the Juice being dropped into the Eyes,
cleanfes them, and helps Dimnefs of Sight. The
fame mixed with Oil Olive and dropped into the
Ears, eafes their Pain.

XIII. The E fence of the fame. It has all the
Virtues of the liquid Juice ; befides which, being
taken inwardly ( llniverfals being premifed) to one
lpoonful at a time in the diltilled Water, or in
White Wine, and repeated as oft as need requires,
it powerfully provokes the Terms in Women.

XIV. The Ponder of the Root. If it is made into
an EleCtuary with Honey, it is good forfuch as are
troubled with vehement Coughs and Catarrhs, Con-
vulfions, Cramps, Lfc. for it incides, abfterges and
confumes grofs, tough and tartarous Humors, and
cleanfes all the inward Parts. Dofe of the Pouder
from half a dram to a dram. Outwardly applied,
it cleanfes all fretting and malign Ulcers, which are
difficult to be healed : it alfo removes all Scorbutick
Breakings out in any part of the Body.

XV. The Lohoc of the Root. It is made of the
Root prepared by boiling, (at felt. 11. above) by
beating it in a Mortar with twice its weight of Ho-
ney. It is an excellent thing againft Coughs, Salt
Catarrhs and Defluxions of thin Rheum.

XVI. The Cataplafm of the frefh and green Leaves.
Being applied, it is good for Ulcers and green
Wounds, and heals them after an admirable manner.
Being dry, they are more fharp or biting, and not
lb fit for V itineraries.

XVII. The Fruit or Berries. They are of greater
Power than either Leaves or Root , and therefore
are laid to cure virulent and malign running Sores ;
and to eat away that cancerous Excretion in the No-
ttrils called Polypus : they are alfo good to be laid

to Cankers, and fuch like fretting, eating and coin
fuming Ulcers.

XV III. The Spirituous Tincture of the Root. Gi-
ven to one dram or two in any proper Vehicle
Morning and Evening, (after the life of Univer-*
lifts ) it opens Obftrucfions of the Womb, and pro-
vokes the Courfes. It eafes Pains of the Stomach
and Bowels proceeding from Wind, or from cold,
(limy and tartarous Humors , prevails againft the
Cholick, and warms and comforts all the inward
Parts •, and is an excellent thing againft Poyfon,
Plague, lpotted Fever, or any other malign DL
Itemper.

XIX. The AcidTinflure. It is a famous Stoma-
tick, takes away Naufeoufnefs and Vomiting, warms
and comforts a cold Stomach, caufes a good Ap-
petite and Digeftion ; and ftrikes at the Root of all
royfons Vegetable or Animal, efpecially it refills
the Biting of Vipers, and the Malignity of Mad
Dogs. It is alfo a lingular thing againft malign
Fevers, fpotted Fever, and the Plague orPeftilence,
by overturning the very Fountains of the infectious
Miafmata. Dofe from thirty, forty to fixty or eighty
drops in the diltilled Water, or any other fpecifick
Vehicle, viz. fo much as may make it pleafantly a*
cid, according to the quantify given at a time.

XX. The Oily Tint! ure. It is good againft

Cramps, Convullions, Numbnefs, Pallies, rheuma-
tick rains and Aches proceeding from Cold and
Moifture, or in a cold and moil! Habit of Body :
it is to be anointed upon the Parts affeCled Morning
and Evening, and to be well rubbed in.

XXI. The Saline Tint! ure. It is good againft:
Blacknefs, Greennefs and Yellownefs of the Skin,
and to take away Tanning, Sun-burning, Scurft,
Morphew, Leproly, Scabbinefs, Freckles, Lentils,
and other the like Deformities of the Cuticula or
ScarfF-Skin.

XXII. Tl?e di filled Water. It is ufed as a Vehi*
culum , to convey many of the aforegoing Preparati-
ons in : it is alfo a Cofmetick, fit for the beautify-
ing the Skin, or to mix other Cofmeticks with for
that Purpofe. It prevails alfo againft the Peftilence,
or any malign and peftilential Fever ^ as alfo the
Poyfon of Serpents or mad Dogs, being drunk
warm, with a dram or twro of Ah t hr i date or other
like Antidote mixed with it.

CHAP. CCXXX.

Of DRAGON,

0 R,

DRAGON-WORT Water.

I. 'Tp H E Names. It is called is Greek , A&Cov-

JL vov vJc'.tuAs, K) %wJ'£pv : in-Latin, Dracontium
aquaticum, Dracunculus aquations , Aronia aquatic a,
Dracunculus palufris five aquatih s : in Enghjh, Wa-
ter Dragon, and Water Dragon-wort, Marjb Dragon -
wort.

II. The Kinds. It is the laft Species of Dragon -
wort mentioned in Chap. 229. Sett. 2.

III. The Defcription. It has a Root ivhich is not
round like a Bulb, but very long, creeping, jointed ,
and of a moderate bignefs •, out of the joints whereof
arife the Stalks of the Leaves, which are round ,
fmooth, and Jpungy within, certain white and fen -

i i 6 Salmon j- Herbal. Lib. I.

der Strings grouting down words. The Fruit lprings
forth at the top upon a fhort Stalk, together with
one of the Leaves, being at the beginning covered
with little white Threads, which are inttead of the
Flowers, (fee the fecond Figure annexed-,) after
that it grows into a Bunch or Clutter, at the firtt
green, and when it is ripe, red letter than that ol
Aron, but not lefs biting. The Leaves are broad,
green i 111, fmooth and (hining as it were, in Fafhion
almoft like thofe of Ivy, yet letter than thofe of ai-
ron or Cuckow-point .* and. that Subttance to which
the cluttred Fruit grows is alfo letter ^ and in that
part which is towards the Fruit, viz. its upper part,
it is white.

Water Dragon-wort.

IV. The Places. Water Dragon or Dragon-wort
grows in martti and watry places, and for the molt
part in fenny and Handing Waters in many parts of
this Kingdom.

V. Tbe Times. It flowers in July, and the Fruit
is ripe in Auguft or September.

VI. Tbe Vitalities , Specification , Preparations
and Virtues , are the fame with the hrft and fecond
kinds in the former Chapter, fo that no more need
be Laid thereof in this place.

chap, ccxxxi.

Of DROPWORT Common.

I. ,_p' H E Names. It is called in Latin, Pi/ipcn-
X dula, ( quod numerofi Hit in Radice bulbulli ,
quafi ex filo pendere vide ant ur • ) alfo Saxifraga ru-
bra., ( Red Break-ftone : ) in Englijh , Dropwort.

II. The Kinds. It is threefold,^. i. QirimvJbvra,
Nicholai Myrepfi, Prlipendula vulgaris , tilipendula
major vulgaris , The common great Dropwort. 2.
Pilipendula altera major, Another great Filipendula
or Dropwort. 3. Pilipendula minor , Small Drop-
wort. Some will have this Common Dropwort to be
'OivavQn, Oenanthe Diofcoridis, in lib. 3 . cap. 132. but
it is a Miftake.

III. The Defcriptions. The firf 7, or Great com-
mon Dropwort, bits a Root which confifis oj many
/ mall , black, tuberous Pieces or Drops , jafined toge-
ther by many final l, long , blackijh Strings , which
run from one to another. Prom this Root Jhoot forth
fever al long winged Leaves , viz. many fmall Leaves,
fome bigger and fame .Seller, Jet on each fide of a
'middle Rib , and each of them dented about the edges,

almoji

Chap* 231. Englijh Herbs.

a/ wo ft like a Saw , fomevobat refembling Burnet or
Wild Tanfie, orrajbcr . Agrimony., or between them
a II, but harder in hbidhng : among1 which Leaves
rifes up one Stalk, and fometimes more, two or three
ject higl 1, having {pmefucb Leaves thereon a* grow
be iota ■, and [owe times \ilfo' divided into other Branch-
es, fj reading at the top into many white , fweet-
j melting Blowers, compofed of five Leaves apiece ,
with 'fame Threads in the middle of them , funding
together in a 'Lift or XJmble , each upon a Jmall Foot-
fall: -, which after they have continued for a good
while open or blown , they fall away , and in their
places findll chaffy Heads appear , like Buttons , in
which is contained a kind cj chaffy Seed.

IV. The fecond , <?/• Other great kind, to a Root
cmfifting of very many fnall Tuberofities , fomevobat
longer , and whiter than the former, enclining to red-
nefs , which are faflned together by many long Fibres
or Strings , ^ the other are. The Stalks and Leaves
are fo like the former, that this Plant can fcarcely
be difcerned from that : the Flowers at tops of the
Stalks are of a white color, enclining to a purple,
and made of five Leaves apiece, like the other j af-
ter which come the Heads, which when fully ripe,
contain within them round and blackifh Seed.

V. The third , or Small Filipendula or Dropwort,
has a Root manifoldly fpread out into fever al glan-
dulous or tuberous Knobs , like the firf , but f mailer
and redder , and tyed together by Strings , like them.
From this Root rife two , three or four fitch like
Leaves as in the firf, but much f mailer, and more
nearly refembling Wild Tanfie Leaves, but not
white, as they are, but of the fame dark green color
with the former. From among thefe Leaves arifes
up a Stalk, not above an hand breadth high, which
is fometimes without Divifion, and fometimes fpread
out into two or three feveral Branches, on which
ftand many fmaller white Flowers, and Iweeter than
in the former, but with Threads therein, like them,
and let together in an Umble in the fame manner :
which being pafs’d away , then come the Heads of
Seed , many fet together , and formed almoft like
unto a final! 3unch of Grapes.

ill

VI. The P faces. The fill! grows plentifully upon
ftony Rocks or Mountains, and rough places, as al-
fo’in fertile failures : it is found upon St. Vincent’s
Rock by Briflol ; and in great plenty in a Field ad-
joining to Sion-hcmfe , fome time a Nunnery, near
London , on the fide of a Meadow called Sion-Mea.
dena •, as alfo in the corners of dry Fields and Clofes,
,by their Hedge-tides. The fecond grows on the
tops of rocky, (toney or mountainous places. The
lair alfo on itoney and rough Grounds, efpeciallv a-
bout Montpelier in prance ; and in many the like
places in England.

VII. The Times. They all flower in May, June
and July, and the Seed is ripe in Attg a. ft.

VIII. The Vitalities. Dropwort is hot and dry in
the third Degree Aperitive, Incifive, Carminative,
Diuretick; Stomatick, Peftoral, Nephritick, Hyfte-
rick, Emmenagogick and Alexipharmick.

IX. The Specification. It is famous againft the
Strangury, Stone and Gravel in Reins and Blad^
der.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
r. A liquid Juice of the Roots or Leaves. 2. An
EJJence of the fame. 5. A Do coil ion of the Jams in
Wine. 4. A Ponder of the Roots, Leaves or Seed.
>. A Balfam of the Root. 6. A diftiUei Water. 7.
A Spirituous Line! arc of the Root. 8. An Acid
Tintlure 0] the fame. 9. An Oily 7 i nil are thereof.
10. A Saline Tintlure. ti. The Spirit. 12. The
fixed Salt : where note, that you may ufe Roots or
Leaves ; but the Roots are much more efteflual.

The Virtues .

XI. The liquid Juice. Taken three or four fpoon-
fuls at a time in a Glafs of White Port Wine, is
very effectual in opening all the Urinary PafTages,
to help the Strangury, and ro expel Sand, Gravel,
fmall Stones, and other tarrarous Matter in the Reins
Ureters and Bladder. Authors fay it is very help-
ful in breaking the Stone ; and this the juice will
do, whether taken from Roots or Leaves but that
from the Roots is molt effectual, as aforefaid.

XII. The EJJence. It has all the Virtues of the
liquid Juice ; befides which, it is very effeftual to
force away the Birth, as alio to expel the Secundine
or After-birth, and prevails againft the Yellow
jaundice, Epilepfy, as alfo Obftruftions of the Brelt
and Lungs, it expels Wind and helps difficulty of
Breathing. Dole two or three fpoonfuls in a Glafs
of generous Wine, Morning and Night.

XIII. The Decodwn in Wine. It has the Virtues
of the Juice and EfTence, but not full out fo power-
ful : it may be fweetned with Honey, and given
Morning and Night, or upon an Exigency from tour
to fix ounces ; it very much comforts and lfrength-
ens the Stomach.

XIV. The Ponder of the Root. Taken from one
to two drams in Wfttite Port Wine, it provokes U-
rine powerfully, opens ObltruUions of the Reins
and Bladder, and is faid to diffolve or break the
Stone, and expel it ; but this mutt be undeiltood,
where the Stone is compafted of a Subftauce friable
or brittle and gritty, and not grown to any great
Magnitude. It it is made into an EleUuary with
Honey, it is an excellent thing tor the Wind and
Gout in the Stomach, as alfo to open Oblhuctions
of the Breft and Lungs , help Coughs and Colds,
Hoarfnefs, Wheezing, lofs of Voice and fhortnels of
Breath, caufing an Expectation or the cold, tough
and vifcous Flegm from all the Parts of Kefpira-
tion.

XV. The Balfam of the Root. It is good to di-
geft, cleanfe, dry and heal old Sores, and fuch-as
proceed from the Kings-evil, and nioilt and running

Ulcers.

21

8

Salmons 'Herbal .

Lib. I.

llkcis. Applied ro Parts airlifted with the Gout,
it quickly eafes the Pain, and in feme meifure at-
trafts forth the Iharp Humors and morbid Matter
thro1 the Pores of the Skin.

XVI. The di filled Water. It is a good Vehicle
to cpnvev any of the other Preparations in : it is
Diuretick( opening the Obltruftions of the Urinary
Parts.

XVII. The Spirituous Tinflure of the Root. It is
Alexiphurmick, good againft Pov Ion, Plagm; and all
forts of peftilential and malign Lillies iJKgRuas
and comlorts the Bowels, reilores the 'Tone, e>fth€
inward Parts ^ and is Angularly good againft Fluxes
of the Bowels of all iorts, and forcvS 'awa,r the
Birth of a Woman in Travil. Dofe from V o drams
to four in any proper or fpecifick Vehicle. It pow-
erfully expels Wind, correfts (harp and acrid Hu-
mors in rhe Stomach and Guts, and gives prefent
eaie in the Cholik.

XVIII. The AcidTinUure . It is a high Stoma-
tick, warms, comfits and ftrengthens it, caufes
Appetite and a good Digeition ^ diifolves crude and
tartarous Humors, and makes them fit for Expulfi-
oii ^ cleanfes the Urinary Parts, and promotes
the breaking or diffolving rhe Stone in the Reins or
Bladder. It ilrikes at the Root of thofe Humors
which are the Caufe of the King's-evil, and of Tu-
mors or Swellings in the Throat or other glandu-
Ious Parts, cutting and diffolving them, preventing
their Encreafe or Generation, and making thofe
which are prefent to be fit for Excretion. Dofe fo
many drops as to make the Vehicle pleafantly
(harp.

XIX. The Oily Tinllure. It is good againft
Cramps, Convulfions, Numbnefs, Pally, 0V. being
bathed well in twice a day upon the Parts affefted.
Given inwardly to twenty or thirty drops in the di-
ftilled Water aforefaid, or in fome other appropri-
ate Vehicle, it is an admirable thing againlt all man-
ner of Obilruftions of the Reins, Ureters and Blad-
der, expels Honey and tartarous Concretions, and
carries off the morbifick Caufe of the Yellow Jaun-
dice by Urine. It alfo prevails againft Lethargies,
Vertigo, Apoplexy, Convulfions, Epilepfy, Paraly-
fis, ar.d all other cold and moift Difeafes of the
Head, Brain and Nerves •, and provokes the Terms
in Women.

XX. The Saline TinUure. It is dedicated to Di-
feafes of the Reins, Bladder and Ureters-, prevails
againft rhe Strangury, and diffolves the Matter
breeding rhe Stone. Outwardly, it is good againft
Scurff, Morphew, Scabs, Itch, Tettars, Ringworms,
and other Defoliations of the Cuticula, being bath-
ed therewith twice a dry.

XXI. The Spirit. It is a lingular Cordial, chears
the Heart, revives the Spirits, ftrengthens the Sto-
mach, and fortifies the whole univerfal Frame. It
is good againfminting and fwooningFits,Sicknefs at
Heart, Wind, and the Cholick Tortions of the Bow-
els, occafIone#throJ either Flatulency or Iharp and
acrid Humors. Dofe from two drams to four, ei-
ther alone or mixt with a little Glafs of Canary, as
oft as occafion requires.

XXII. The fixed Salt. It is a ftrong Diuretick,
opens all the Urinary Paffages, and expels large
quantities of watry Humors in the Dropfy by Urine,
and the morbifick Caufe of all Fevers. Dofe from
twelve grains to a fcruple or half a dram, in thedi-
ltilled Water -above-mentioned , or in White Wine.

CHAP. CCXXXII.

Of DROfWORT Narrow-lcav’d.

I-/UP H E Karnes. Authors aferibe the Greek Name
-L ’O imvQn to this Plant, tho1 it is not the true
Oe numbe Diofcoridis : and therefore it is called in
Latin , Oenantbe recepta hertpiriorum , or Filipendu-
la anguf folia : in Englijh / Kti/tt^w-leav'd Drop-
icon. ^

II. The Kinds. It is the fecotld gineral Species
of Dropicorts and is threefold ffcnsJ i . (fe /bin the
Apii foliis major ^ F/lipcndulp folio Jlpti we for A The
common or ordinary great Parftyjcav’d Drojftort.
2. Oenantbe vcl Filipendutfl Apii foliis fnnonmua^
rum fpecierum , Two fmalTer fopts of Partly or Smal-
lage leav’d Drop worts. 3. Oenantbe anguf folia
Lobelii , LobelV Narrow-leav’cjDropvvoff.

X

/larron/O^cwcd-

III. The Defcriptions. The fir [l, or Great Parfly-
leav’d Dropwort, has for Roots many round , white,
and fome what long Afphodil like Clogs , joined toge-
ther at the tops , making one Head of a Root , and
ending inf mall Libre s : from this Root rife many
green winged Leaves , made of many parts , cut into
the Form almofi of Parfly or Smallage Leaves , but
much final let\ even as final l as Garden Crels Leaves
and^ from among them l'pring forth two or three
ftiff, round Stalks, a foot and half high, and fome-
times two feet high, bel’et with fuch like Leaves as
grow below, but as they grow higher on the Stalk,
grow much fmaller, leffer and narrower, to the per-
teft looling of the Form of thofe below. At the
tops of the Stalks grow Umbles of white Flowers,
which being pafs’d away, there follows Fennel like
Seed, but fmaller, and of a dark whitilh color.

IV. The fecond , or Small Smallage-leav’d Drop-
wort, which is twofold. The Roots of thefe two kinds
are much alike, but only differing in Great nefs , each

Gha

tp.

13 1

irb

>s.

1 I o

j /

of them confifiing of feveral fmallTubers , with many
Strings among them. Their Leaves are winged, and
like in their Divifions to the former, but both lrnal-
Ier bv much, and more green, the one of thefe being
alfo fmaller than the other ; and the lefler of them
a little finer jagged, which evidently ftiews the Dif-
ference as well as the Seed : the Flowers in both
are white, but differing in Greatnefs. The Seed ot
the greater of thefe is fmaller by half than the Seed
of the former Great kind ; and the Seed of the lef-
ler is yet fmaller and rounder, and fomething like
unto Dill Seed.

- c H A P. ccxxxln. *■

O/DROPWORT Hemlock like.

1. ' | ■' l / E Names. It is called in Latin , Oenantbe
_L Cicuta facie $ alio Filipendula Cicuta facie :
and in . Englifh , Hemlock-leaved. Droputort , LobcFs
Hemlock like Dropwort.

II. The Kinds. It is fmgularis.fm generis , there
being neither a greater nor Idler fort of it.

LobelV

Qiyyt&orl

V. The third , or Lobel’r Narrow-leav’d Drop-
Wort, has a Root compofei of many white , long, tu-
berous parts , fending forth many Strings from their
lower parts , and on their tops all uniting in one
Head of a Root. From this Head or Root arifes a
ffrong crelted Stalk, two feet high, dividing it felf
towards the top into feveral Arms or Branches.
From the hollow Place or Bofom of every Joint,
out of which do grow thofe Branches ; the Leaves
do alfo proceed, very much cut or jagged, like Fen-
nel. At the tops of thefe Branches come forth
fpoky Rundles or Umbles of white Flowers, faftfi-
oned like Stars.

VI. The Places. They grow in many places of
England , but for the moft part near Ditch-fides, and
Brooks or Rivers lides, and upon the Borders of
Ground near ftanding Waters.

VII. The Times. They flower from May to the
end of June , and the Seed is ripe not long after.

VIII. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations
and Virtues , ate the fame with the Common Drop-
wort in Chap. 231. fo that no more need be faid of
them here.

III. The Defaiption. This Plant has a R00t
which is white and glandulous , or repleat with ,na„y
long and gouty Glandules , Afphodil like , which are
foft and tender , but Jharp and unpleafant in Tafte
yielding a white Milk at the firft , and turning yellow
afterwards , which is faid to be poyfonous , virulent
and exulccrating. From this Head or Root fpring
forth feveral winged Leaves, ftanding upon a lone
Foot-ftalk, more like Meadow Rue than Smallage or
Hemlock , having many fmall ones let together of
3 dull, dark green, and fomewhat like Hemlock in
color, as alfo in the Flowers ; but mote in its Ef-
fects.

IV. The Places. It grows many times in moift
Plowed Land, as in the moift and wet Furrows of a
Field belonging to Batterfea near London : it grows
alfo in great abundance in many places by the
Thames-iide, as a little above the Horfe-Fcrry againlt
Lambeth , 8tc.

V. The Times. It flowers in May and June , and
fome part of July ; and the Seed is ripe in July and
Auguft.

VI. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the

fount

3

20

Salmons Herbal.

Lib. I.

tourih Degree Pyrotick, F.xulcerating, Arthritick,
and Venefick or Poyfoning.

VII. The Specification. It troubles and overturns
the Brain and Senfes, caufing Madnefs, and if taken
in any confiderable quantity, Death.

VIII. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, I. A Cataplafm. 2. An Ointment.

The Virtues.

IX. The Cataplafm. It exulcerates or is Witter-
ing, and is of good Ufe to be applied in a Sciatica,
or Gout in Hands or Feet : it alfo draws forth the
Poyfon if it is immediately applied to the Biting
of a mad Dog, or the Biting of a Viper or Rattle-
Snake, or other venomous Creatures. _

X The Ointment. It is good to anoint with in
all forts of fcrophulous or ftrumous Tumors, and to
be applied in Kings-evil Sores, where it is not uled
without a lingular Advantage.

CHAP. CCXXXIV.

Of DROP WORT Water.

worts, replenished with many Small, white Tubers or
Knobs growing among the Strings , joining together
above , and making one Head oj a Root. From this
rife feveral large fpread Leaves next the Ground,
and lying thereon, being'winged and cut into many
fmall Divifions, fomewhat refembling Parjly , but
much fmaller, and divided into l'maller parts than
any of the former kinds. From among thefe Leave?
rife up crefted, thick, hollow Stalks, with Leaves
on them, cut into longer and finer Divifions, bear-
ing at the top Umbles of white Flowers, which
turn into fmall, fiat, greyifh Seed, fomewhat letter
than fennel Seed , and not much unlike hemlock
Seed.

IV. The fecond , or Letter Water Dropwort, has
a Root made up with feveral fmall Tubers or Knobs ,
andfaflned among the Fibres , which are as fmall as
Hairs. From the Head of which Roots lpring up
many fmall Leaves, lying upon the Ground, which
are very finely cut in : after them fprings up the
Stalk, which carrying up the firft fprung up Leaves
with it, they fcarcely feem to be Leaves, but rather
like the Ribs of Leaves, of a dark and ttiining green
color, as the Stalk alfo is, which very nearly re-
fembles a Rujh ; and below the top thereof which
is pointed like a Rujh, comes forth a fmall Umble
of fmall whitifh fweet Flowers, which turn after-
wards into as fmall Seed as Smallage , but blacker.

j -p p[ E Names. It is called in Greek ( accord
| ing to our Moderns ) ’Oivdvftn vJkTofny, 'iw
j. ■ in Latin, Oenanthe aquatica , and F ilipendula
aquatic a : in Enghjh, Water Dropwort.

II. The Kinds. It is the fourth grand Species ol
the 'Dropwort s h and is twofold, viz. i. Oenanthe ,
vel Filipcndula aquatica major , The greater Water
Dropwort. 2. Oenanthe , Del Filipendula aquatica
minor ■ The letter Water Dropwort.

V. The Places. They both grow in wet Grounds
and near Brook-lides in many places in England •
yet will they both flourifli being nurs’d up in our
Gardens , but grow not there alL out fo large and
fair, as in their natural places : and as it grows by
the fides of Rivers and Water-ftreams, lb it has
been found near the River of Thames^ as, near St:'
George* s-fields, and. about the Bittiop of Londons
Houle at Fulham , and in fuch other like places.

VI. The Times. The fecond or LeJJer , flowers
earlier than the Greater ; and commonly the flower-
ing time of the LeJJer is pall before the other comes,
which is not until Augujt.

VII. The Qualities , Specification , Preparations
and Virtues , are the fame with thole of the Common
Dropwort in Chap. 231. aforegoing, fo that no more
need be faid of them here.

CHAP. CCXXXV.

Of DUCK S-M EAT.

I.'T"' H E Names. It is called in Arabic Taleb,
JL feuTahaleb: in Greek, 5
in Latin , Lens palujtris , Lens aquatica , Lenticula
palufilrisj vel aquatica : in Englijh^ Ducks-meat -
and by lome, Water Lentils.

II. The Kinds. Authors make four kinds hereof,
as, 1 . Lens palujtris vel aquatica vulgaris , Com-
mon or vulgar Ducks-meat. 2. Lens palujtris qua-
drifolia , Crofs-leav’d Water Lentils or Ducks-mear.
3. Lens palujtris latifolia puntfata , Broad-leav’d
fpotted Water Lentils. 4. Lens vel Lenticula a-
quatica bifolia Neapolitan^ Neapolitan Water Len-
tils. Of all thefe, ’tis only the firlt which grows in
England , which we fhall treat of in -this place : the
reft being Strangers, we fhall have nothing at this
time to fay concerning them.

Ill The Defcriptions. The firft, or Greater Wa- III. The Defcription. This fmall Plant has for
rsr Dropwort, has a Root like to the other Drop- a Root only certain fmall fine fibres or Tin ft

Chap, 536. ‘EngUJh Herbs.

which grow only from the middle of each Leaf on the
itnderjidr , and pa fs dozen into the Water, but reach
not to tin.- bottom, to draw Kourijhmcnt from the
harth : be fide s this Root, the whole Plant conflfs of
nothing but /mall, round, green Leaves, lying on the
Surface or Lop offending Waters, in Pools, Ditches
and Ponds , without either Flower or Seed that could
be ever obferved.

ought to be premifed, and to be ufed at the lame
time. D wf cor ides lays it is a Remedy againft St.
Anthony s-fire, all manner of Inflammations, and the
burning Fits of Agues. Ducks greedily devour it;
^ mingled with Bran and given them.

IX. The Ointment. It is .a fine cooling thing,
good againft Phlegmons and hot Pains of the Joints
and the Haemorrhoids of Piles, whether broken or
not broken, if anointed thereon.

X. The Cataplafm. If it is made of the Herb
beaten up with Barly-ft ower, it prevails againft the
Gout, and confolidates Ruptures in young Children •
ana is profitable againft the Swelling ol the Cods'
and or Womens Breafts before they be grown too
much, becaufe it does not weakly repel the Humors.
If it is made with Wheat Flower or Meal, it pre-
yails much againft hot Tumors, as Phlegmons and
the like, asalfo Pains of the Joints proceeding from
Heat -, and helps the falling down of the Funda-
ment in young Children.

XI. The 1 tijli/led Water. It is good againft an

trylipelas ; and Matthiolus efteem*t highly for re-
filling all inward Heats and Inttamfmions, as alfo
peftilential Fevers, to help the Redjiefs of the Eyes
andahe Swellings of the Tefticles,' by repelling of
the Humor, Cloths four times doubled being wet
therein and applied : and fo applied, it cools an E-
ryfipelas or St. Antbon/s-fhe.

C H A P. CCXXXVI.
Of DYER S-W EED,

Called ,

WOLD or WELD.

IV. Nota. Matthiolus , and from him Lugdu-
nenfis , makes a ftrange Relation concerning this
Plant, fcarcely to be believed ; and it is this : That
if it Ihould happen (as fometimes it may) by In-
undations, or any other Accident, that thefe fmall
Lentils or Ducks-meat be carried away into running
Waters, as Rivers, Brooks, fmall Streams, &c. as
foon as they flick to or touch the Shoar, they are
wonderfully encreafed for by their Roots, which
grow from them like Threads, they penetrate and
fallen themfelves into the Ground, and then grow-
ing, come to be Plants, like unto ' Stfymbrium , Wa-
ter Mint , or Ladies Smocks ; and that this thing has
been obferved by the diligent Searchers of Nature,
and not without much Admiration of the Matter of
Fact. Vix credo, indeed I know nothing of it.

V. The Qualities. According to Galen , Ducks-
meat is cold and moift in the fecond Degree ; Ano-
dyne, Repercuflive, Arthritick and Alexipharmick :
but this laft it is by Accident.

VI. The Specification. It refills and cools Inflam-
mations after a peculiar manner.

VII. The Preparations. You have, I. The green
Herb. 7. An Ointment. 3. A Cataplafm. 4. A
dijii/led Water.

The Virtues.

VIII. The green Herb. Applied to the Forehead,
it eafes the Head-ach coming of Heat. Applied in
Extremity of the Pains of the Gout, it alleviates
them * hut fometimes endangers the fending of the
.Humor up into the Stomach ; therefore Univerfals

I.'T'tfE names. It is a Plant which was un-

X known to the Greeks : the Latins call it
Luteola and Herba Lutea ; it is the Lutea P/inii
Itb. 33. cap. ;. Vitruvius lib. 7. cap. 14. calls it Lu-
teum ; and Virgil Bucol. Eclog. 4. calls it Lutum : in
Englijh, Dyers-weed, alfo Wo/d or Weld.

II. The Kinds. It feems to me to be an Herb of
its own kind ; but Bauhine referrs it to the Geni/hi
TinHorum, or Green-weed, of which we (hall, God
willing, treat in the next Chapter, but to that we
think it has no Relation. Some thought it to be the
Refeda of Pliny, becaufe they agree well in divers
parts. Cajalpinus lib. 9. cap. 35. makes it the A\y-
agrum, vel Melampyrum Diofcoridis : but all thefe
things are to be difputed. It took its Name of Lu-
tea and Luteola , not only from the yellow color of
the Herb and its Flowers, when it is dry, but chief
ly from the yellow color which it Dyes things into.
Tragus took it to be Antirrhinum, becaufe the Seed-
Veffels have (as it were) holes therein. Some will
have it to be Phyteuma Diofcoridis ; others St/ li-
thium Diofcoridis, as Lacuna and Gefner. Matthi-
olus calls it Pfeudoftruthium. Dodonrus, Herba Lu-
tea. Label, Luteola. Lonicerus and Tabernmonta
mis , Catenance : but all thefe things it is impofllble
to be -, I am induced therefore to hold to my own
Opinion before declared.

III. It is twofold, viz. 1 . Lutea vel Luteola vul-
garis, Common Wold, Weld or Dyers-weed. In
Candid there grows a fmall fort of Luteola ; which
fome Authors would make te be a different kind
from that juft now named, which Honorius Bellas
Epijl. 2. ad Chtfium will have to be Stnnhium ve-
il t

rum

Ku

- ‘■I!

Lib. 1.

rum Dwfcoridis , and fays it is called Cumene thro’
all Greece : but this we think to be one and the
lame Plant with the aforegoing, viz. Our Luteola
vulgaris •, and of this Opinion is Camerarius in Hor-
tc , who makes it and Our common fort all one. 2.
Luteo CreticA maxima , which is fcecunda & infee-
cunda, or fertilis & ftcrilis, The great Wold, Weld
or Dyers-weed of Candia, which is both fruitful or
bearing Seed, and barren bearing no Seed and dif-
fer one from another only as our Hemp , which is,
bearing Seed, and barren bearing no Seed.

Dye/’S

'Mfeecl

IV. The Defcriptions. The firft , or Our com
mon Wold, Weld or Dyers-weed, has a Root which
is long , thick and white , abiding all the Winter.
The Riant grows bujhing out , with many long and
narrow flat Leaves upon the Ground , of a &arK
blewifh green color , fomewhat like unto Wood , but
nothing fo large , a little crumpled as it were, and
fomewhat round-pointed , which do fo abide the flrfl
Tear. And the next Spring rife up from among
rhem feveral round Stalks, two or three foot high,
bel'et with many fuch like Leaves, but fmaller and
{hooting forth fome fmall Branches, which with the
Stalks bear very many fmall yellow Flowers, in a
long fpiked Head at tops of them * after which
come the Seed, which is fmall and black, enclofed
in Heads, which are divided at the top into &ur
parts.

V. The Great Candia Dyers-weed has a Root
which is very great and woody , andfhoots it felf forth
into many long Arms or Branches , which in the na-
tive or natural places of its Growth , and other warm
Countries , will abide many Tears , but with us will
fcarcely endure our cold Winters , (unlefs houfed) as
has been feveral times proved. From this Root this
great Plant rifes up ( in Candy ) with feveral great
Stalks, fome of them as big as a Man’s Arm, and
in height five, fix, feven or eight Cubits ; fome-
times nine or ten Cubits high, which yet perifh in
Winter : they are bare or naked of Leaves next the
Ground for a foot and half high, the lowed Leaves
being without Foot-ftalks, joining dole at the bot-
tom : the other growing higher up towards the

tops, have all of them Foot-ftalks, of a (pan long :
the Leaves of themfelves are very large, made of
many fomewhat broad and long green (timing ones,
fet one againft another on a middle Rib, and not
yet always dire&ly oppofite one to another every
one of them being fomething like unto the Leaves
of Hemp, ( of which it is moft likely to be a Spe-
cies) ragged or dented about the edges, yet none of
them divided, but the end Leaf, which is fometime.5*
iarted, feldom into two, but fometimes into three
)ivifions, each ending in a long Point. The Stalks
are branched, but has only divers fmall Stalks or
long Spikes of Flowers thruft forth, which are yel-
lowifh, green and moffy, bowing downwards, with
many long and narrow Leaves among them, and
ftand in yellowifh green Husks ^ in which, after the
Flowers are fallen, come Heads full of very fmall
reddifh Seed. The barren Plant is like the former,
fave that it bears no Seed.

VI. T he R laces. The firft grows every where by
the Way-lides, as well in moift Grounds as in the
dry, and in corners of Fields and By -Lanes, in and a-
bout Villages almoft every where : in fome places
in Kent they fow it in their Fields after their Bar-
ley, which abides until the next Year, and then it
is gathered. The other is a Native of Candia , and
is nurs’d up with us only in Gardens.

VII. The Times. The firft flowers in June and
July. The fecond flowers late with us, and fome-
times not at all.

VIII. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the
third Degree, the Root, as alfo the whole Herb.
It is Aperitive, Digeftive, Attenuating, Inciding and
Refolutive ; Arthritick and Alexipharmick.

IX. The Specification. It is peculiar againft
Pun&ures of the Nerves, Bitings of Serpents, mad
Dogs, and other poyfonous Creatures, outwardly
applied, and inwardly taken $ and prevails againft
the Infection of the Plague } for which Reafon, as
' Matthioli/s fays, it is called Tberiacaria.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
1. The green Herb bruifed. 2. A liquid Juice. %.
An Effence. 4. A Tecollion in Wine. 5. A Ponder
of the Root. 6. A Balfam or Ointment. 7. A Spi-
rituous TinUure. 8. An Acid TinUure. 9. An Oi-
ly TinUure. 10. A Spirit.

The Virtues.

XI. The green Herb bruifed. Applied to Cuts
or Ample Wounds in Hands or Legs, it heals them.
It is good to be applied alfo to the Bitings of Ser-
pents, mad Dogs, or other venomous Creatines, to
draw out the Poyfon.

XII. The liquid Juice. It provokes the Terms in
Women, opens Obftruflions, incides or cuts tough
Humors, and refills Poyfon, as alfo the Malignity
of the Plague, being taken from one to three lpoon-
fuls at a time in a Glafs of generous Wine, and re-
peating the Dofe as Reafon requires.

XIII. The EJfence. It has all the Virtues of the
liquid Juice i befides which, it (Lengthens the Sto-
mach admirably, expels Wind, and gives eafe in the
Cholick -, it alfo facilitates the Labor of a Woman
in Travail. Dofe two or three fpoonfuls at a time
in a Glafs of Canary, Madera or Sherry Wine, or
in White Port.

XIV. The DecoUion in Wine. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Juice and Effence, but much lefs effica-
cious or powerful and therefore may be given
(dulcified with white Sugar) from three ounces to
fix ounces or more, Morning and Evening. It is a
good Gargle alfo for a fore Mouth and Throat.

XV. The Ponder of the Root. It is good againft

the

Chap. 2 3 7 . Englijb Herbs . 323

the Plague or Peitilence, the fpotted Fever, and ci-
ther peitilential and malign Fevers •, refills both Ve-
getable and Animal Poyfons, and is good againft
Sicknefs at Heart. Dofe one dram in a Glafs of
Wine. Applied to Wounds, it heals them, and
cleanfes, incarnates, dries and induces the Healing
of moift running Sores, old Ulcers, and the like,
being ftrewed on them.

XVI. T he Balfam or Ointment. They are admi-
rable Vulneraries. TheBalfam cures Ample Wounds
many times at one or two Dreflings. It cleanfes
foul and filthy Ulcers, dries, incarnates and heals.
And it is profitable to any Part affe&ed with the
Gout ; giving eafe to all forts of Pains from a cold
Caufe.

XVII. The Spirituous T Mure. It refills Poyfon,
and particularly the Poyfon of mad Dogs, of Vipers,
Rattle Snakes, and other Venom’s of like kind. It
removes Sicknefs at Heart, fainting and fwooning
Fits, is good againft Cramps, Convulfions, Lethar-
gies, Apoplexies, Palfies, and fuch other like cold
Diftempers of the Brain and Nerves. It is good a-
gainft PunUures of the Nerves, and gives prefent
eafe to the Pain, the Part wounded being well bath-
ed therewith , and Cloths wet therein being laid
thereon. Dofe inwardly is from two to three or
four drams in a Glafs of choice Wine.

XVIII. The Acid Tinllure. It refills the Infefti-
on of the Plague to a Miracle, as alfo of the fpot-
ted Fever, and of all other malign and peftilential
Fevers. It cuts tough Flegm in the Breft and Lungs,
and is good againft Hoarl'enefs, Wheezings, ihort-
nefs of Breath, and difficulty of Breathing, caufing
an admirable Expeaoration. It opens Obftruftions
in the Urinary Parts and Paffages, expelling Sand,
Gravel and tartarous Matter thence ; and powerful-
ly refills the Poyfon of mad Mogs. Dofe fo much
at a time as may make the Vehicle, whether Mead,
Cyder or Wine, pleafantly acid.

XIX. The Oily Tincture. Outwardly applied, it
is good to give eale in the Pain and heal the Pun-
flure of a Nerve or Tendon. It gives eafe alfo in
the Gout in any Part, arifing from a cold Caufe.
Inwardly taken alfo from ten to twenty or thirty
drops ( according to Age and Exigency ) in any pro-
per Vehicle, it expels Wind, prevails againft the
Cholick, and alleviates all forts of inward Convul-
fions ; is a good Hyfterick, and a fingular thing a-
gainlt the Strangury, or any ObftruUion of the Uri-
nary Parts.

XX. The Spirit. It is purely an Antipellllential
and Alexipharmick Cordial ; wonderfully comfort-
ing and warming the Stomach and all the other Vif-
cera. It gives eafe in Convulfions, and the Torti-
ons of the Bowels proceeding from Wind, Poyfon,
or the Prevalency of acrid and (harp Humors. Dofe
one or two fpoonfuls at a time, ( being firft dulcifi-
ed ) as need requires.

XXI. An Observation. The great Ufe we in
England make of this Plant, is to Dye Cloth, Lin-
nen or Woollen, Yarn, Silk, woven or raw, &c.
into a yellow color ; and alfo to give a green color
to thofe Cloths or Silks, Yarn, Oc. which have been
firft Dyed with Woad, into a blew color. And of
this Vitruvius feems not to be ignorant, for that in
his time he fays, in lib. 7. cap. 14. That a yellow
color coming upon a blew , changes it into a green.
And for this purpofe, there is a great deal of this
Herb made ufe of in all Countries, and many Fields
fown therewith, for this very Purpofe of Dying
Cloths, Stuffs, Silks, & e.

CHAP. CCXXXVII.

Of DYERS GREEN-WEED.

Names. It has no known Greek Name :
I it is called in Latin , Gemfia Tinltoria and
in Englijh , Dyers-weed , and Dyers Green-weed.

II. The Kinds. It is certainly of the Stock or
Family of Gemfia or Broom ; and is a fingulat Plant
of the kind : and by reafon it is our Common Green-
weed., it is called Genijla Tinltoria vulgaris. It is
alfo called Genijiella irifeltoria ; Gemjiella Tinlto-
ria ; Flos Tinllorius Brunfeljiii ; Fuchjiii , Loniceri 5
CorneoU AnguiUarjc & Cosfalpini Chameeluce Cordi ,
Gl Genijla Tinltoria Germanica Bauhini : in ling -
lijh , Dyers-weed, Green-weed , and Dyers Green-
weed.

rife up many j mall. , tough , green Stalks , fomeof them
having fever al Branches , about two feet in height or
thereabouts ; upon which do grow ( without any or-
der ) a great many final J long Leaves , fomewhat like
thofe of Flax, of a fad green color. The Flowers
grow at the tops of the Branches, not much unlike'
the Flowers of Broom , ( of which this is a Species )
but fmaller, of an exceeding fair yellow color, but
fomewhat paler than thofe of Common Broom .- the
Flowers being pafs’d away, there come in their
places fmall fiat Pods or Cods, lefter than thofe of
Broom , in which is contained a little, flat. Broom
like Seed.

IV. The V laces. It grows in man^ Unfilled or
unmanured Grounds throughout England ; as alfo'
by the Hedges and Way Sdes, and hr many open1
Commons. It grows- alfo in fertile Failures and
Fields almoft every where Now it is fotvn iri Fields
on purpofe for the Profit which is- made thereof-

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

V. The Times. Ic flowers from the end of June
to the end of Augufi, and the Seed is ripe foon after.

VI. An Obfervation. Clujius fets forth another
kind of Dyers On ■en-weal, which Dolonaw calls I
alio Gen'f.t TinSrria ; but then it ought to be Oe-
niftu Ttnihr'ui altera, h bar a thick and woody
Hoot, which fends op Stalks, almofi like thofe of the
Spanilh Broom. Upon thefe Branches do grow long
■and fatall Leaves , like Flax, green on the upper
fide, and of an hoary Jhining color on the other. The
blowers grow at the lops of the Stalks Sptke-fajhion,
which are in Color and barm like the former . But
this Plant grows not commonly in England, ttnlefs it
is planted by the Curious in their Gardens.

VII. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations and
Virtues of this our Common Dyers Green-weed, are
the lame with thofe of out Common Broom , which
we have already at large declared in chap. is,, fed. 7.
ad 29. of this Book aforegoing, to which you are
referred.

VIII. An Obfervation. Tho’ the Medical Virtues
of this Plant ate admirable, and not in the leaft in-
terior to thofe of our Common Broom aforemention-
ed ; yet the chief Ufe our People in England have
of it, is, for Dying of Cloth, Stuffs, Silks, Yam,
Woollen and Linnen, (Sc. lor the Dyers do Dye a
vellowilh green Color with it, viz. with the Leaves
and Stalks ; and therefore provide themfelves of it
in great Stores : and for which Reafon, in fome
places, whole Fields are fowed with it, as with the
Luteo/a or Dyers-weed in the Chapter juft afore-
going.

CHAP. CCXXXVIII.

Of EART H--B ALLS.

H E Karnes. This kind of Plant is called in
L Greek , vJbVy >y uVV*, ab imbribus ; vel, J/JV*,
ab humore • in Latin , Tuber Terra, pi. Tubera Ter-
r.t : in Arabic k, Ramcech , Alchamech , Tamer and
Kern a : in Englijh , Earth-balls , and Under-ground
Mufhromes.

II. The Kinds. Matthiolus will have three forts
of thefe Balls -, but then with the Tubera Cervina ,
there will be four. We divide them into two
kinds, viz. i. Tuber Terra vulgare , The common
Earth-ball. 7. Tuber Cervinum , pi. Tubera Cervi-
na, Deers Earth-balls. Of the Vulgar or Common
Matthiolus makes three forts, viz. i. One whofe
Pulp is white. 2. One whole Pulp is more brown •,
and the Rinds of both of them black and full of
Chaps. 2. One which is lefs pleafant or infipid
in Tafte, and whofe Rind is fmooth and more
brown.

III. The Defcriptions. They , viz. the Common
Earth-halls, have no Roots , but grow under Ground ,
viz. under the Superficies of the Earth , yet not clea-
ring thereto , cau/mg it fometimes to /well , and Jcme-
limes to break , gape or cleave , by which it is dif-
cerned where they grow , being of a black or brown
1 lor on the out fide, and of a f oft white Subfance
within , having , a* John Baptifta Porta fays , under
the outward Skin certain fmall black Subfiances ,
which are the Seed , ( tho' Pliny fays they have none.)
I 'his Seed is like unto the Seed of the Cyprefs-tree,

by which they not only propagate themfelves where
they grow naturally •, but as it has been cjten obfer-
i ied, they have fometimes been found growing where
the Parings of them have been caji. TJfefe Tubera
are unequally round, blackijh and rough, whofe Skins,
Shells or Out fide s , are without Roots , fibres or
Leaves -, and within, their Pulp is white or whi-
tijh.

A'cvtiBalh comm m

JAartk JAalls Leers

IV. T be Tubera Cervina, or Deers Earth-balls,
which I fuvpofe Matthiolus intends in his Epifiles,
lib. 3. Epin. ult. growing under Ground in the Woods
of Bohemia, & c. are always unevenly round, and.
rugged ■, their outward Skin is blackijh, and the in-
ner Pulp or Subfance whitifh : while they are frefh
they have a firong and evil Smell, which in drying,
they loofe.

V. The Places. The firft kinds grow plentifully
in Tufcany, and feveral other places of Italy : they
alfo grow in Spain, Germany, Prance and England,
not only in dry and fandy Grounds, but alfo in fuch
as are more moift, and in places where Shrubs grow,
as in Copfes, Groves, Parks, woody Land, & c. The
Deers Earth-balls grow alfo in Woods, and where
Deer do much haunt, efpecially where they Couple,
(as the former alfo do.) Hunts-men and Country
People immagine, that thefe Deers-balls grow up
out of the Sperm of thofe Beafts, which fometimes
falls on the Ground others think, that they are
firft produced by their Urine ^ but thefe are wild
Conjectures and Country-mens Philofophy, and fo
not much to be trufted to ^ however, it is probable,
that in fome places that Beaft’s Urine, (Jc. may add
to their Growth, and the Encreafe of their Sub-
ftance.

VI. The Times. They flourifh and encreafe in
April, May and June, and are in Perfection in June ,
July and Augufi.

VII. The Qualities. Galen and Matthiolus fay
they have no manifeft Quality in them : Avicen fays
they have a more earthy than watry Subftance, and
fo abound more with l'aline than with fulphureous

or

Chap. 2 3 9. Unglijh Herbs. 925

or lpirituous Principles. The Deers Earth-balls
ieem to be temperate in Quality, as to Heat or Cold,
Moifture or Drynefs and are Alexipharmick, Ga-
levdogenetick and Spermatogenetick.

VIII. The Specification. The Common , if much ;
eaten, are Paid to breed Wind, and to engender the
Pally and Apoplexy. The Deers are laid to pro-
voke Lull to the laft Degree.

IX. The P reparations. The firftare ufed moftly
in, 1. A Pickle. 2. A Decottion in Wme. The
Deers Earth-balls are ufed in, 3. A Ponder. 4. A
Decottion in Wine. 5. A Fumigation.

The Virtues.

X. The Pickle of the Common kind. They are
ufed asSawce, and are very pleafant to the Palate,
but breed grols and melancholy Humors more than
any other Food ^ they are hard of Digeftion, and in
lome People rife again in the Stomach. Some eat
them rolled in the Embers and fome boiled in
Broth, and fo eat them with Pepper, Salt, Vinegar
and Oil -, they certainly encreafe Lull.

XI. The Decottion in Wine. It provokes Lull,
as the Sallet before does : but after the Deco&ion
is made, you may drefs the Subftance with Pepper,
Salt, Vinegar and Oil, to be eaten as before. Pam-
phyh/s or Diphulus in Athenxus will have it, that j
they yield a good Juice, eafe the Belly by excreting
the Excrements, are windy and encreafe Seed.

XII. The Pouder of the Tubera Cervina. They
are firft cut into pieces, then dried by hanging them
on a String ^ after which they are reduced to Pou-
der, by beating in a Mortar. Dofe of the Pouder
a dram and half in a Glafs of generous Wine, or
fame other Vehicle provoking Lull : it wonderfully
incites to Coition, by breeding much Seed, and en-
creafes Milk in Nurfes Breafts : it may be taken al-
io in fome Ptifan, with a little Sugar and Long
Pepper added thereto.

XIII. The Decottion in Wine. It has all the fame
Virtues with the Pouder, more elpecially if a dram
or dram and half of the Pouder be given at a time
in it. Thus taken, the Medicament expels Poyfon,
and defends againft the poyfonous Bitings of veno-
mous Creatures.

XIV. The Fumigation. If the dried pieces of the
Tubera Cervina be put upon live Charcoal, and the
Fumes be received up the Womb by a Funnel, help
Women troubled with the Mother, and open the
Palfages of the Womb when they are clofed, there-
by in fome meafure provoking the Terms.

CHAP, ccxxxix.

Of EART H-N UTS,

0 R,

G R O U N D-N UTS.

I. H E Names. Some Authors fay, that this
X Plant has no Greek Name, but what it has
acquired from the Latin , which is, ’A^e^Vavov, ^
B:kCoyJ.?avov^ which laft word is taken from T Talli-
nn us lib. 7. in Latin, Agriocaftanum , Bolbocaftanum
and Nucula Terrefiris : in Englifh , Earth-nuts ,
Ground-nuts , Earth Chefi-nuts , and Kipper-nuts.

II. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. 1. ’CW^n,
Matthioli ( folio 627.) of Bauhinm his Edition, Bulbo-

cafianum majus , Agricaftanum majus , 'Apt os Tunie-
ri , Pancafeolus Cafalpi/n , (becaufe the Vulgar eat
the Root of it infiead of Bread and Ciicele) Buibo-
cafianon grand/us Lugdunenfis , Nucula Terrejlris
major , The gieater Earth-nut, • or Ground-nur. I
am almoft ot Opinion, that this E'iauc or Species is
the true Oenanthe DiofcoriJis. 2. Agricajianum ,
vel Bulbocafianum minus , Bulboca/fanum mas Tral-
hani , Bulbocafianum a/terum Joins t> bulbis minori-
bus Camerarii -, Ornilhogali Species Loniceri , J\ucu-
la Terrejhis minor , The Idler Earth or Ground
Nut.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Greater
Ground-nut, has a large tuberous Root , not jully
round or fmooth , but bunching out in one place or a-
nother, and fomeznhat rough, of a blackifh brown co-
lor on the out fide, and white within, of a pleafant
Tafte, between a Cheft-nut and a Filberd ^ for the
moft part eaten raw, by reafon of its Pleafantnefs ,
thd fome have alfo roafled it by the Fire, or under
the Embers. From this Root come forth levcral
long Stalks of Leaves, of a bright green color,
which are finely cut in and divided, fomerhing like
unto Parftey Leaves, which grow on the middle or
top of the Stalk, as Dodonxus fays, when he com-
pared them ^ but they are larger than the next, or
Small Earth or Ground Nuts : from among thefe
Leaves rifes up a {lender Stalk, a foot or moie high,
having many Leaves like our Englifh Saxifrage,
bearing at the tops many finall white Flowers in an
Umble, which turn into fmall, long, blackifh Seed,
fmelling fomething fweer.

IV. 'Lhe fecond, or Ldfer Earth or Ground Nut,
has a fmall tuberous or roundifh brown Root, like the
former, but leffer from whence rifes up a long, fen-
der, whitifh Stalk or String, ( call it by which Name
you pleafe ) which Is as it were the Clew, which leads
you from the upright Stalk to lhe Root in the Giound,
and runs four or five inches deep into the Earth, bur
folding or crumpling it felf to and f ro unto the top of
the Ground , from whence it rifes up a little bigger,
but naked or bare of Leaves for aa inch or two, and

then

1 2 6 Salmon V

then fends forth from the fides of the fame Stalk
feveral fmall Stalks, of very fine cut Leaves, almoft
like them of Parfley or Hemlock , but much fmaller
and finer jagged, of a fad green color. At the top
of the Stalk grow feveral Branches of white Flow-
ers in Umbles, not unlike to the former, or thofe
of D/7/, but much lelfer, and fuch like Seed as in
the Greater kind , but that it is lelfer ; and is fharp
in Tafte.

V. T be Places. The firft grows Wild, and very
frequently in France, Germany and Italy , and in
l'ome places in England -, but with us it is for the
molt part nurs’d up in Gardens. The fecond grows
with us in Corn-fields, and in Meadows, almoft e-
very where, as in the Meadows in Lynn Regis , near
Alb allows Church , and in the Paltures going from
Hardwick, within a Mile of Kings-Lynn to Weft-
wench : alfo in fome of the Meadows by Hamp-
jiead, near London : in all which places I have ga-
thred it. There is a Field adjoining to Highgate ,
on die right fide of the middle of the Village, co-
vered over with the fame ^ and likewife in the next
Field to the Conduit-head by Mari bone, near the Way
which leads to Paddington, not far from London : I
have found it to grow alfo in many Meadows in
Kent and in Surry, and in feveral other places.

VI. The Times. They flower in the beginning of
June (juft at which time their Roots are in Perfe-
ction ) and in July -, and the Seed is ripe in fome
little time afterwards.

VII. The Differences. The Greater differs from
the Lef)er, for that the Leaves are larger and green-
er : the Root alfo of the Greater is not fo far with-
in the Ground and it alfo fends forth fome Leaves
from the Tuber or Bulb it felf •, whereas the Smaller
kind has only the end of a fmall Root, (like a String
as it were) which carries the Stem and Leaves up-
on it, as you may fee exprefs’d in the Figure.

VIII. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in
the firft Degree ; the Seed in the fecond ; they are

‘Herbal. Lib. I.

Aperitive, yet Aftringent andDiuretick ; Stomatick,
Nephritick, Spermatogenetick and Analeptick.

IX. T he Specification. They provoke Urine, and
peculiarly help luch as Spit orPifs Blood.

X. The Preparations. The Seeds and Roots are
chiefly ufed ; and therefore you may have there-
from, I . A Ponder of the Seed. 2. A Spirituous
1 injure of the Seed. 3. The raw Roots. 4. The
Roots prepared, y. Sanguis , or Blood of the Roots.

The Virtues.

XI. The Ponder cf the Seed. You may give it

to a dram or dram and half in a Glafs of White
Port Wine, Morning and Night, againft the Stran-
gury, Sand, Gravel and tartarous Matter in the
Reins, Ureters and Bladder ; it opens Obftrufti-
ons of the Paflaffes, provokes Urine, and expels
Wind. F

XII. T he Spirituous Tinllure. It has the former
Virtues, and may be given from one to three drams
in any fit -Vehicle. It is very Stomatick, warming,
comlorting and llrengtheiting a cold and weak Sto-
mach. It expels Wind from the Stomach and Bow-
els, gives eafe in the Cholick, and is of good Ufe
againft all forts of Fluxes of the Belly.

XIII. The raw Roots. They are commonly eaten
as tilberds and raw Cheji-nues are eaten -, they yield
a good Juice, which cleanfes the Urinary Paflages,
pleafes the Stomach, and nourilhes in Confump-
tions.

XIV. T he Roots prepared. They are prepared by
baking in an Oven, covered with Milk •, or by boil-
ing them in Water as Turneps, Parfneps or Carrots ■
and then drefling them up with Butter, Pepper, Salt’
and a little Vinegar: they gratify, pleafe and
ftrengthen the Stomach, reftore in Confumptions,
and provoke Urine. The Root roafted in Embers’
flops Bleeding, and is good for them who Vomit,
Spit or Pifs Blood, or have a Bloody-flux, or any
other Flux of the Bowels. The raw Root does alfo
the fame thing.

XV. The Sanguis or Blood. It is prepared as is
that Of Cullions Sweet in chap.\'&trfe3.Ti. Parfneps
Carrots , Orchis , Satyrion , and other like Roots. It
has all the former Virtues of the Roots, whether
raw, roafted, baked or boiled \ and is much more
powerful, being given ftom half an ounce to an
ounce or more, drinking with it a Glafs of generous
Wine. It is of Angular Ufe for all Confumptive
Perfons, breed good Juices and plenty of Seed, and
provokes Lult.

CHAP. CCXL.

Of EARTH-NUTS Peafe and
Wood.

!■' I 'H E Nantes. It is called in Greek , 'At:®-,
X R tchfii and Tragi : Matthio/i ’-

ytaixaiCdrav©-^ Dodonsi and T ubernmontam : in La-
tin, Apios Tragi , (I fuppofe from its Form, being
Pear falhion ) PJ'eudoapios Matthioli , Chamsbala-
nus Dodonsi, (from its fomewhac Rdemblance to
an Acorn ; ) Tense glans pi. g/andes Lobe Hi O’ Pe-
nn, G/andes Terrejbes C/ufii 1 in Enghjh , Wood
and Peafe Earth-nuts.

II. The Kinds. There are three forts of them,
viz. 1. Balanus Lathyrine, Terrs g/andes, Balanus
Pifane, with all the reft of the Names in a forego-
ing

Chap. 240. TLngUjh Herbs.

*■) n
6 ^

ing Se&ion : Peale Earth or Ground Nuts. 2. A-
Jiragalus jylvaUcm Thalii , Lathy r us fylveftrit ,
Wood Earth-nuts, or Ground-nuts. 5. Terra glan-
des Americans , w/ Virginians , American or Virgi-
nia Earth-nuts.

'Pecue /TarfA /hits.

Wood Earth nut

III. The Defcriptions. The JirJi , or Peafe Earth-
nut, Roots which are glanltilous or tuberous, (not

much unlike in Shape to an Acorn, or J ane forts
Pears ) which are black and fntall, but much great et
than Acorns, faftned to long_ Strings , and fpread
much under Ground ; in To fie very like to a dry
CheH-nut ; out of which beneath does hang one or
more long, J lender fibres or Strings ■, and out of
which docs alfo grow other Strings , near to the Head
of the Root or Jetting on of the Stalk ; unto which,
creeping tiflope under the Surface of the Earth, other
kernclled or glandulous Roots do grow , by which way
this Plant does very much multiply it felf From
this Root fpring feveral weak, (lender, fquare, trail-
ing Stalks, running upon the Ground four or five
feet in length. The Leaves are thin and fin all, u-
fually let two and two together upon (Lender Stalks,
each having a Clafper at its end, taking hold of
what Hands next to it. The Flowers conic forth at
the Joints towards the tops of the Stalks, and at the
tops of the fame, Handing upon long Foot-Hulks,
in Shape like thole of Peafe, but left, many glow-
ing together, being narrow, and of a deep reddidl
purple color, and bright, in Smell not unplealant.
They being pafs’d away, there fucceed, in their
places, flender long Cods, in which are contained
three or four fmall round Seeds.

IV. The fecond, or Wood Earth-nut, has not only-
greater but longer and harder Roots, conftfting of
many black Particles, here and there fending forth
f ibres , almoft woody, or more hard than the f ormer ;
the Stalks alfo are harder , and (baked or cornered,
and rife up to be about afoot high, fmall below, and
fomewhat larger above : the Leaves grow forth ar
thejointsof the Stalks, confiHing fometimes of two,
and fometimes of four, which are longilh and narrow,
and fometimes five on a Branch, faHned to one Foot,
which at the fetting on has two little Leaves or Ears,
and one Clalper or Tendrel at the end. Out of the
Bofoms of thefe Ears grow Stalks about two inches
long, each of which ufually carry a couple of Peafe
fafltioned Flowers, of a crimfon or purple color
which fading, ufually become blew : after which
Cods fucceed, which are long, narrow, Hraight,
round and black when they grow old, within which
are contained in each Cod nine or ten white, round
Seeds fomething lefs than a Tare.

V. The Virginian Earth-nut has a Root which
fpreads it J elf under Ground many ways, each String
of Tubers or Glands confining of a fmall String and
a Gland, a fmall String and a Gland to the end of
the fame, each Gland being almoft of an Oval fajhi-
on, thick in the middle, and narrow-pointed at loth
ends, where it is held by the Strings , and having
many fmall f ibres proceeding from its Body in feve-
ral places : from this Root riles up a Sralk, which
fpreads it felf forth into many large Arms or Branch-
es, and every one of them again are divided into fe-
veral others, which are manifold. The Leaves are
long and green, which are many, and fet on both
fides of a middle Stalk, the main Stalk it felf wind-
ing it felf upon any thing Handing next unto it, and
tiling from a tuberous brown Root, as aforelaid.
At the Joints of the Stalks with the Leaves, and in
other places of the Stalks, come forth the Flowers,
many Handing together Spike falhion, of a dull blufh
color, made almoH like Hoods -. after which, in
Virginia, come Cods of Seed, but not bearing any
with us : the Leaves and Stalks perilh before W in-
ter, and fprout from the old Root again in the
Spring.

VI. The Places. The firfl grows in many places
of Germany in Corn-fields , both with the Corn it
felf and alio about the Borders of Fields among Bri-
ers and Brambles. The fecond, Gerard (ays, grows
in Hampfteai and Qome Parks, near London ; as alio

on

1 28 Salmon s

1

on Richmond -heath , and. in feveral other places.
That which grows in the Woods has a Root which
is more hard and woody •, but if it is planted or
fown in Gardens, in a good Soil, it is more pulpy
and tender. That from America grows not with us
but in Manured Grounds } and with us they are all
planted in Gardens .

VII. The Times. They all flower in June , July
and AuguJI , and then the Nuts are dug up and ga-
thered.

VIII. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations
and Virtues , are much the lame with the Earth or
Ground Nuts in the former Chapter ; fo that we
(hall not need to fay any more of them in this
place.

CHAP. CCXLI.

Of E D D O of Carolina.

1/ i ''HE Names. It is called in Greeks ’A eJv
J- AiyvTtfiov, *5 ■'I'ti'i tbx.0 repaid : in Latin , Aron
JEgyptium, Ef Pfeudocolocafia , ( for the true Colo-
cafia is the Fab a JEgyptia Dio/cor idis : ) in Englifh ,
Eddo, Eddo of Carolina , and Carolinian Eddo.

II. The Kinds. It is certainly of the Family of
the A.rons or Wake Robins , and is here only a lingu-
lar Plant.

III. The Defcription. It ha-t a great and bulbous
or rather tuberous Root , in fome more round than in
others , fome of which are Jma! l and long with the
Roundnejs , as large as the Root of a great Squill*
or thick , big, round Turnep, having a thin brown ifh
Skin on the outfide , and white within , cutting very
firm or f aft, clofer than a heavy clofe Turnep j fome
of them are reddifh on the outfide , having by Jmall
Strings many bulbous or tuberous Heads , footing
jrom all fides thereof, whereby the Root encreafes,
from whence many Fibres fhoot deep into the Ground.
from this Root Ihoot forth feveral very large llii-

Herbal. Lib. I.

ning green Leaves, almoll of the Shape or Falhion
of Arum or Wake Robin , pointed at the ends, hut
much rounder, each of them a foot and half and
fome of them near two feet long, and a toot, fifteen
inches, ot foot and half broad, not fo thick and
happy as Aron Leaves, but thinner and harder, full
of Veins tunning every way, and refufing Moilture,
tho’they be laid in Water, Handing every one upon
a very thick Stalk, about three teet or fomethin^
more in height, as I have feen them in America , c-f
pecially in Carolina ; or about five feet high, asthev
grow in JEgypt, as Authors relate. This Stalk is
not fet to or faltned to the Leaf at the very Divifion
of the Leaf into two parts, as the Arm or Wake
Robin is, but more towards the middle, lomewhar
like unto the Water Lillies ; the Divifion of each
Leaf at bottom, being much rounder than thole of
the Wake Robin. As this Plant is long, and the
Leaves thereof very great, without any other main
Stalk (for a longtime) but only the Stalks of
Leaves, fo it has been reported to be without Flow-
er and Seed, but very falfely ; becaufe the Encreafe
which it ufually has, is by the Fibres, which run
and fpread themfelves from the Root, or by bits of
the Root call into holes or hills in mellow Ground .
they ufually cut one tuberous Root, as big as a large
Apple, into twenty or thirty pieces, fo as every
piece may have a fmall quantity of the outfide Skin
upon it ; thefe being planted in thole made or pre-
pared holes, in Artificial Hillocks of moift fat Earth
m the Spring time, will all for the moll part of
them grow, fo that a Crop of the Roots may be
gathered in July and Auguji following ; which is
the Reafon that never any Stalk of Flowers, Fruit
or Seed are feen upon them. But if theie great
Roots are fuffered to continue for many Years in a
place, ( fo as they may be defended and preferved
from the Frolt) you will find, that bwween thefe
very tall Stalks of Leaves that there will rife up one
Stalk, and fometimes tw.o or three, according to
the Years of the Age and Strength of the Plant ;
which length of time helps to the fructifying there-
of, for otherwife it would not bear any lhew of
Hofe, or Pellel, or Flower, as I my felf, who have
planted them, have manifeltly feen. Each of thefe
Stalks are much Ihorter than thofe of the Leaves, at
the tops of which they bear a long open Husk ; in
the midlt of which riles up for the moll part three
feveral narrow Husks or Hofes, ( never one alone,
as the Arum or Arifarum do) with every one their
Pellel or Clapper in the middle of them, which is
fmall, whitilh, and about fix or feven inches long •,
from the middle downwards it is bigger, and let
round about with fmall whitilh Flowers, fmellin"
very fweet, the lowermolt firit flowering, and lo
by degrees upwards, which lall not above three days,
and from the middle upward bare or naked, ending
in a fmall long point. After the Flowers are all
pad, the lower part abides, and bears many Berries,
like as Arum or Arifarum do, but much paler and
fmaller.

IV. The Places. It grows plentifully in uPgyft,
being planted there for their only Ufe in 'Meats, and
for Food, which they feldom take without it. It
grows naturally in Candia , as Bellonius lays ; and
in Portugal , as Clufms reports. It grows alfo in
Italy in many places, and in the Country of Sa/en. e
in the Kingdom of Naples, as Columna relates. It
grows alfo in the Blands of Java and Surrat, wht- ■
they ufe it as familiarly as they do in TFgyfr. as the
Dutch have declared in their Navigation thither
Anno 159;. It is alio found in feveral places of
Africa , and in divers other places, which 1 heot-h-,.-
Jlus remembred. Some will not have it called
rum JEgyptium, becaufe Pur late Travellers lay, that

for

Oil3.p. 2-^2... 'Engl ijb Herbs. 3 29

ior fome Ages it has rot been known to grow
there at all; ’tis poflible, that lor fome Years pall
it may have been neglefled and difufed yet I am
apt to believe, if good (earch vbas made tor it there,
bv ind’iilrious and skilful Botanilts, it might be
found again. It grows in a vult plenty in Carolina ,
it being a great part of the Food of the Country,
infomuch as molt Families in that Colony plant
whole Fields with it, confiding of many Acres, tor
the principal and almott l'ole Subliftance of their Fa-
milies, it being there of a very great Encreale.

V. T be Times. It comes up from the planted
bits in the Spring time, and the Roots come to their
Perfeftion in July, Auguft, September and OOober ,
proportionally according to the times they were
planted in. It Flowers (when it is of Age, lb as to
come to the Perihelion of Flowering) with its Hole
and Pellels or Clappers very lace, even in warm
Countries, feldom before Oilober or A member, and
yet the Fruit or Berries do not often come to Per-
feftion.

VI. The Qualities. The Root ( for nothing elfe
of this Plant is ufed) is' hot and dry in the end of
the third Degtee: it is Aperitive, Ablterfive, Inci-
ding, Digeltive, Difculhve and Carminative, Stoma
tick, Peftoral, Hyllerick and Arthritick ; Alexiphar-
mick, Chylilick and Analeptick : it is very lharp
and biting ill the Mouth, not to be tailed of with-
out Caution ; yet it is more biting in fome Coun-
tries.

VII. The Specification , Preparations and Virtues ,
are the lame in every Kefpetl with thofe of Aron or
Wake Robin Roots in Chap. . iollowing of this
Work, fo that 1 need fay no more thereof in this
place ; this Plant being indeed a kind of Aron or
Wake Robin.

VIII. AnObfervation. In Carolina they boil them
in Water till they are foft, then they eat them with
Butter, Vinegar, Salt and Pepper ; they are incom-
parable Food, and the very bell of all Roots in the
World which are eaten boiled : they are grateful to
the Palate, pleafing to the Stomach, very Nutritive
and Reltorative in Confumptions : but in the boiling
of them, you mull be lure to do it fo well as to
take away all the biting Quality of them ; left, be-
ing hot and biting in .the Throat, they Ihould caufe
an Inflammation in thofe Parts, and alfo difoblige
the Stomach.

IX. Obferuat. i. In that Country, when I was
there, they made the greateft part of their Bread of
the Roots boiled foft, by mixing therewith fine
Flower of Maize or Indian Wheat , and kneading it
in with their Hands. It made wholfome , good-
tailed Bread, which was very nourifliing, and which
would keep moift a great deal longer than that
which was made of Maize or Wheat alone.

X. Obfervat. 3. Of the boiled Root a Sanguis
or Blood may be made, as you make it of Comjrey ,
Orchis , Satyrion and Turf nap Roots, which not on-
ly nourilhes much and rdteres in Confumptions,
but alfo breeds Seed, and cures Impotency in Men.

CHAP. CCXLII.

Of ELDER Dwarf.

I. ' I ' H E Names. It is called in Greek , ’Xa.ucuctx.Tn :
JL in Lat in, Cbamaaffe, Ebulus , Sambucus hu-
milk and in Englijh , Dwarf Elder, Dane -wort,
and Wall-wort .

1J. 1 he Kinds, it is twofold, v/z. i. Ebulus,
Sambucus humilk vulgar it. The common Dwarf
Elder, Wall-wort cr Dane- wort. 2. Ebulus joins
iacimatis , Jagged Dwarf Eider, or Wall- wort.

III. The Defcriptions. The flrft, or Common
Dane-wort, h.v a Root which creeps under the upper
Crujf of the Ground, Springs up ajrefh in divers
places , being of the Eigne/s of a Man s linger or
Thumb', it ps lough, and of a good rrijonablc Length,
having a very great many Branches and f ibres Jp> ing -
ing from it, being more excellent Jor Medical L Jes
than the Leaves. From this Root rijes up a jour- ,
Square, rough , hairy Stalk, which is jull of Joints,'
like to young Branches and Shoots of Elder, and ri-
ling to be four or five feet high. The [.eaves are
winged, and grow by couples, with wide Diftances,
each Leaf confiding of many Email Leaves, fome-
what narrower than the Elder-tree Leaves, but clfe
fo like, that they might eafily deceive one not very
well vers’d in the Plants: thefe Leaves Hand upon
a thick ribbed Stalk, of which every one is long,
with a fit Breadth, and finely cut in on the edges,
like a Saw, yet the Dents are wider and greater
than in the Leaves of the Common Elder. At the
tops of the Stalks grow Tufts or Umbles of white
Flowers, dafht ortipt with red ^ they grow in Um-
bles, very like thofe of the Elder-tree , hut more
iweet in Smell, with five little Chives in them,
pointed with black : which being pafs’d away, black
Berries fucceed, very like Common Elder Berries,
full of a red Juice whilft they are frefh, and in
which are contained Email, hard, long Kernels or
Seed. This Plant is very like to Elder in Leaves,
fpoky Tufts and Berries, but has not a woody Stalk,
but only brings forth green herby Stalks, which wi-
ther away in Winter, rifing again eveiy Spring from
the old Root ^ but it is doubulefs a kind or Elder,
as may appear by the Leaves, blowers and Fuiiu, as
alfo by the Smell and Talfe $ in all which Particu-
lars, this is very like to that.

IV. The fecond, or Jagged Dwarf Elder, has a
Root like to the jormer, very jull oj Branches and
Fibres , from which Spring up Stalks hie the other
alfo, and indeed in all things, except. ng in the

U u Leaves,

33°

Salmons ‘Herbal. Lib. I.

Leaves, it is Jo like to the former, that there is no
Difference .- but the Form of the Leaves does fo al-
ter the whole Face of the Plant, and put it out of
Knowledge, like the Jagged Elder, that fcarcely a-
ny one would think it to belong to the firlt kind ;
the Flowers , Fruit and Smell only making us to
judge of the Species, and whereunto it is to be re-
ferred for the Leaves are almoft as much jagged
and divided as the Jagged Elder, which is the only
thing in which this differs from the firlt before
deferibed.

V. The Places. The firlt grows Wild in many
places of England , where, if it is once gotten into
the Ground, it will fo creep and run, that it will
be difficult to get it forth again. It grows in un-
til I’d places near to Hedges, Ditches and common
Ways, and in the Borders of Fields. It grows
plentifully in the Lane at Kilbury Abby by London -,
as alio in a Field by St. Joans near Dartford in Kent,
and in the Highway at Old Brantfold Towns-end
next towards London, and in many other like places.
The fecond is only nurs’d up with us in Gardens.

VI. The Times. They ffc>wer in July, and the
Berries are ripe in the latter end of Auguft, but for
the moll part in September.

VII. The Qualities. It is faid to be hot and dry
in the third Degree } Aperitive, Abfterlive, Difcul-
five, Diuretick, Peftoral, Hepatick, Nephritick,
Hytlerick, Arthritick, and Emetick or Cathartick.

VIII. The Specification. It is peculiar for curing
the Dropfy. The Roots and Seed are of greatelt
Force to purge away watry and pituitous Humors,
and the Leaves have the chiefeft Strength next, to
digeft, walle away and confume : the Juice of the
Berries are weaken of all.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
i. A liquid Juice. 2. An E fence. 3. A De coition
or Infufion in Wine. 4. A Ponder of the Grains or
Seeds. 5. An Oil or Ointment. 6. A Cataplafm of
the Leaves. 7. Ebuli-mel, or Honey of Wall-wort :
of all which things we lhall now treat in Order.

The Virtues.

X. The liquid Juice. This and all other Prepa-
rations of Dwarf Elder are more efficacious or pow-
erful than thofe prepared from Common Elder, in all
the Difeafes, and for all the Purpofes unto which
that is applied, but more efpecially in thofe Cafes
in which Elder is little or nothing prevalent. The
Juice of the Root applied to the Throat, prevails a-
gainit the Quinfey and Kings-evil. The Funda-
ment bathed with it, prevents the falling of it
down ^ the fame alfo put up the Womb in a Peffa-
ry, or injefled with a Syringe, brings down the
Terms in Women. It is alfo a mighty Purger ol
fiegmatick and watry Humors, and has been appro-
ved as the moft effeflual thing againft an Analarca
or Dropfy of the whole Body. Dofe from two to
four fpoonfuls or more in White Port Wine, "Morn-
ing and Night, according as the Strength of the Pa-
tient will bear it.

XI. The E fence. It has all the former Virtues j
and given before the coming of a bit of an Ague,
it prevails lo effeflually againft it, that it will ei-
ther put it oft' or make it much more eafy $ and at
fecond taking feldom tails of perfe&ly curing it.
It opens Obftru&ions of the Brelt and Lungs , in-
cides and diffolves pituitous and tartarous Matter
in thofe Parts, or the Urinary Veffels, carrying oft
the morbifick Matter of Catarrhs, Stone, Gravel,
Gout, Kings-evil, Jaundice, Dropfy, and other like
Difeafes. Dofe two or three fpoonfuls in White
Wine, Morning and Night.

XII. The Detolhon or Infufion in White Pore
Wine. They have all the Virtues of the liquid Juice
and Effence, but much weaker in Operation, and
therefore much better and fafer to be given to Chil-
dren, Women kind, and weak People. It cures A-
gues in Children in two or three Doles, given two
hours before the coming of a Fit. And being taken
to five, fix or eight ounces in the Morning falling,
and fometimes alfo at Night going to Bed, it pre-
vails againft a Cachexia and Leucophlegmatia ^ and
has had a good Effedl in curing the Kings-evil and
Dropfy.

XIII. The Ponder of the Grains and Root. The
Pouder of the dryed Berries or Sited, given to a
dram in White Port Wine faffing, has the Virtues
of the liquid Juice, Effence and DecoUion ; for it
mightily provokes the Terms, and carries off the
Water in Dropfies, and cures Struma’s. Being gi-
ven in Deco&ion of Chamapitys or Ground Pine,
with a little Cinnamon, it is an approved Remedy
for all Joint-Aches, Rheumatifms, Gouts, Sciatica,
Dropfies, and even the French Difeafe it felf 5 for it
eafes the Pains, by withdrawing and expelling the
Humors which are fluent, peccant and offenfive. The
Pouder of the Root works after the fame manner,
and does the fame things.

XIV. The Oil or Ointment made of the green
Leaves, or Roots in May. It is faid to be an admi-
rable Remedy for all external Aches, Pains, Cramps,
Gouts, fhrinking of Nerves or Tendons, and Lame-
nefs caufed by Blows, Falls, Cold or other Acci-
dents j and to warm, comfort and ftrengthen all the
external Parts fo affeUed -, to mollify the Hardnefs,
to open the Pores, and eafe the Spleen, the grieved
Parts being therewith anointed : it alfo cures the
Piles 01 Hemorrhoids by anointing.

XV. The Cataplafm of the Leaves. It is Difcuf-
five and Arthritick •, and of Angular Ufe to be ap-
plied to the Throat in a Quinfey, and to diffolve
ftrumous Tumors in the Neck. Applied to the Re-
gion of the Reins or Bladder, it is held to give eafe
in thofe Pains. Applied to the Tefticles which are
lwoln and hard, it quickly eafes the Pain and dif-
culfes the Tumor : and put to the Fundament it
{Lengthens the SphinUer Mufcle thereof

XVI. Ebuli-mel, or Honey of Dwarf Elder. Of-
ten taken to two or three drams or more, as Age and
Neceffity require, it diffolves the Tartar of the
Lungs, opens their Obftru&ions, as alfo the Ob-
ftruUions of the Reins and Ureters, purging away
gently Choler, Flegm and watery Humors •, is good
againft the Bitings of Serpents, or of a mad Dog ;
prevails againft the Colick and Stone, as alfo the
Strangury or other Difficulty of making Water. It
helps Coughs, Catarrhs, Hoarfenefs, Shortnefs of
Breath, and Difficulty of Breathing. And outwardly
applied, is good againft old running Sores, putrid
and fiftulous Ulcers : and diffolved in Wine, it cures
Sores and Ulcers in the Mouth.

CHAP. CCXLIII.

Of ELECAMPANE.

I./TA H E Names. It is called in Greek, 'Ei/tv/or ,
A in Arabic k, Jafin & Rafen : in Latin , He-
lenium. Inula, Enuta, Enula Campana • in Englijh,
Elecampane •, tyut in fome parts of England it is cal-
led, Scab-wort and Horfe-heal.

II. The Kinds. It is a lingular Plant of its kind.

But

Chap. 243. 'Engl 'ijh Her bs .

But Anguiltira and Cerdas took it to be the ^Pfax
Ckiromam Theophrafti. There is another riant
which is called Helenium , or Helemum alterumll 1-
ofcoridis, which is He lianthemum or Dwarf Ctftus
but it is not akin, nor has any Relation to this, the
which you may fee (with all its kinds) in Chap. 1 3 1 .
aforegoing.

III. The Defcription. It has a Root which is great,
thick and. long , branched forth feveral ways, black-
ijb on the outftde and white within, of a very bitter
Tajle, but good Smell when it is dryed, of a very
compatt and folid Sub fence whilft it is frejh and new-
ly gathered, front this Root Jhoot forth marry large
Leaves, lying near the Ground, which are long and
broad, fmall at both ends , fomewhat f oft in handling,
yet rough withal to look upon, and very full of Veins ;
of a wkitijh green on the upper fide, and grey under-
neath, J. lightly nicked on the edges, each of them
ftanding upon a Jhort foot-fialk. f rom among theje
Leaves rife up feveral great and hairy Stalks, three
or four feet high , with fame Leaves thereon, com-
pajfmg them about at the lower ends-, and are branch-
ed towards the tops, bearing feveral large flowers,
like unto thofe of the Corn Marigold, both the Bor-
der and Leaves, the middle Thrum bang yellow,
which afterwards turn into Down, with Jome long,
fmall, brownijh Seed among it, all which is carried
away with the Wind.

IV. The Places. It grows in moift Ground and
Ihadowv places, more than in the dry ; in the Bor-
ders of Fields and Lanes, and in other wafte places
almoft every where, but more efpecially in fat and
fruitful Land : it is fometimes found alfo upon
Mountains, and lhadowy places which are not alto-
gether dry. It grows very much in the Fields on
the left Hand going from Dunftable to Puddle-hill
alfo in an Orchard going from Colebrook to Ditton-
f 'erry, in the Way to Windfor , at Tidde and Eolk-
Jlone near to Dover , by the Sea-fide. 1 have often
found it growing in Orchards in many parts ol this
Kingdom.

V. The Times. It flowers in June and July, and
the Seed is ripe in Auguft. The Roots are gather-
ed for Life as well in the Spring , before the Leaves
come forrh, as in zhefiutumn or Winter.

VI. The Qualities. The Root is the chief thing
which is ufed, and Is hot and dry in the tiiird De-
gree ^ full of Mercury and Sulphur : it is Aperitive.
Abfterfive, Aftringent, Anodyne, Carminative, Di-
geltive, Relaxive, Incarnative and Vulnerary ^ high-
ly Pedoral, Stomatick, Neurotick and HylKrick
Emmenagogick, Sudoiifick, Alexipharmick., Sper-
matogenerick and Analeptick.

VII. The Specification. It is pecufar a gain ft old
Coughs, Catarrhs, and tarcarous Matter obltrucling
the -Lungs.

VIII. The Preparations. From the Root of this

Herb you may make the following Preparations, viz.
i. A Juice. 2. An Ejjence. 3. A Syrup. 4. A
Decoffion or Inf uf ion. 5. A Ponder. .6 An Eie-
ttuary. 7. An Ointment. 8. A Balfam 9. A Ca -
taplafm. 10. A difiilled Water. 11. A Spirituous
Tintlure. 12. An Acid Ti nil tire. 13. An Oily

Tintture . 14. A Saline Tintture. i?. A Spirit.

1 6. A difiilled Oil. 17. Pot efiates or Powers. i8«
An Elixir. 1 9. A fixed Salt. 20. Sanguis 1 r Blood .
21. fThe Prejcrve or Confcrve. 22. EnuU-mel or
Honey of Elecampane.

The Virtues.

IX. The liquid Juice. It expels Wind in the
Stomach and Bowels, and takes away pricking Pains
and Stitches in the Side, caufed by the Spleen : it
is alfo good againft Coughs, Colds, Wheezings,
Shortnefs of Breath, and Obftru&ions of the Lungs
by tartarous Matter. Dofe two or three fpoonfuls
in a Glafs of generous Wine, Morning and Night.

X. The Ejjence. It has all the Virtues of the li-
quid Juice ^ befides which, it ftrengchens the Vilce-
ra much more, and fecures a Pcrfon lately cuied of
a Dropfy, that the Difeafe fhall not return again
upon the old toot. It is good againft the Obftru-
Hion of Urine, provokes the Terms in Women, ani
facilitates the Delivery of a Woman in Travail,
brings forth both Birth and After-birth ; it is good
againft Vapors and Fits of the Mother, refilts Pov-
fon, and prevails againft the Venom of the Viper,
Rattle-Snake, and other Serpents, as alio the Bi-
tings of mad Dogs * it deftroys the Putridity of ma-
lign and peftilential Fevers, contending even with
the Plague or Peltilence it felf Dole two fpoon-
fuls Morning, Noon and Night, in a Glafs of gene-
rous Wine, if it is upon an Exigency j otherwife
twice a day may be enough.

XL Tide Syrup of the Juice. It is highly Pedo-
ral, and caules Expedoration to a Miracle, being
admirably good againft Coughs, Colds, Catarrhs,
Hoarfenefs, Wheezing, Shortnefs of Brearh, Diffi-
culty of Breathing, and all other Stoppages and Op-
preflions of the Lungs, diilolving the tartarous Mat-
ter lodged there, as alfo in the Reins, Ureters and
Bladder : it gives eafe to fuch as are pained with
the Stone 'in the Reins or Bladder : in a word, it
has all the Virtues of the Juice and Efience, but
muff be taken in a larger Dofe, becaufe the truly
Medicinal part of the Plant is fo much clogged with
Sugar. .

XII. The Decoffion or Infufion in Wine. It has
all the Virtues of the aforegoing Preparations, but
lefs powerful $ and rherelore may be taken to three,
four or hve ounces, Morning and Evening this be-
ing daily drunk, befides being a Pedoral, it is laid
1 to be good for fuch as have weak and dim Eyes}
for it dears, ftrengchens and quickens the Sight ad-
mirably } kills and drives forth all manner of Worms
U u 2 m

33

Salmon’ s Herbal.

Lib. I.

in Belly, Stomach or Maw. Gargled in the Month,
and the Root chewed alfo, it eafes the Tooth-ach
from a cold Caufe, and fattens loofe Teeth, and
helps to keep them from PuiWfaEHon.

XIII. The Fonder of the Root. It warms and
comforts a cold Stomach, rectifies the Indifpofition
of the Bowels, expels Wind, and gives eafe in the
Colick : it is good for fuch as fpit or pifs Blood,
and prevails againft the Bloody-flux, and other
Fluxes and Weaknefs of the Bowels proceeding from
a cold and moift Caufe ^ and has indeed all the Vir*
tues of the Juice, Effence and Syrup aforegoing.
Dole from two lcruples to a dram and half in Wine
or lome proper Vehicle, Morning and Night.

XIV. The EleSuary. It may be made limply
with the Pouder of the Root, but it is commonly
compounded thus: ty. fine Flower of Elecampane Je
ven ounces , Nutmegs in pouder five ounce j, Flowers
of Sulphur three ounces , Crocus Martis aperitive
two ounces , Oil of Anifeeds one ounce , clarified ho-
ney fifty four ounces : mix and make an Eletfuary.
Dofe as much as a Chefi-nut , or fomething more,
walking it down with a Glals of prompt Wine, and
this to be done Morning and Evening by all fuch as
have any Obltruff ion of the Lungs, or Ulcer of the
fame, or fpit or pifs Blood, or have a Bloody-flux •, it is
of lingular Ule for all fuch Perfons who have a Ca-
chexia or Leucophlegmatia, and for Virgins who
have the Green-licknefs, and want their monthly
Purgations. It ftrengthens the Tone of the Vifcera
fo admirably, that fuch Perfons who, by reafon of
vehement ObflruUions, long Sicknefs, or Debilities
of Age, or fome other Accident, have not been able
to- go crofs a Room, or up Stairs, have, by the ta-
king hereof, in four or five days time, been able to
go three or four Miles, and that fo ftoutly as to do
it without complaining of any Weaknefs or Weari-
nefs. It opens Obftru&ions of the Thorax, eafes
Coughs, and flops the molt profufe Catarrhs, tho’

inveterate.

XV. The Ointment. It is good againft Convulli-
ons, (Tramps, Aches, Rheumatick Pains, the Gout,
Sciatica, Weaknefs of the Joints, and other like Di-
ftempers of rhe extream Parts : if it is made of the
Tu/p of the Root , or the Juice thickned by boiling
four pound , mixed with Oil of Trotters , Beef f net ,
of each one pound , Vinegar half a pound , Sal Nitre
fix ounces , Saccharum Saturni three ounces it will
be an excellent Remedy for any Scab or Itch in Old
or Young. It will yet be fo much the better if
Flowers of Sulphur four ounces be alfo added to the
Compofition.

XVI. The Balfam. It is an extraordinary thing
to cure Wounds and PunUures of the Nerves and
Tendons : it heals green Wounds at two or three
times drefling : and it digefts, cleanfes, incarnates,
drys and heals moift and running Sores, old Ulcers
and rebellious Filtula’s, fofne good inward Wound-
drink being taken in the mean while. Applied in
the Gout, it gives eafe to the Pain.

XVII. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Meal
or fine Pouder oj the Root , mixt with white Bread ,
Milk and White Lilly Roots. It fuppurates Tumors
or Apoftems, eafes in arthritick Pains ; and applied
to the fide, gives eafe in Pains of the Spleen. It
difeuffes windy Tumors of the Cods ; and where
the Swelling is fuch, that it cannot be dilfipated
without breaking, it quickly brings it to Matura-
tion.

XVIII. The difiilled Water. 1 ' is Pefloral and
Carminative, and good to be ufed as a Vehicle, to
convey other Preparations of the Root in ; it is
good to cleanfe the Skin of any common Defcedati-
on, and to be mixed with white Sugar Candv to
put into the Eyes, to cleat the Sight of Clouds,

Films, or any other thing which may cbfufcate or
dim the lame.

XIX. The Spirituous TinSure. It warms, com-
torts and ftrengthens the Stomach and other Vifce-
ra, refills Poyion, and the Venom of Serpents and
mad Dogs helps Digeftion, and reprefles Melan-
choly ; kills Worms in Children, and provokes the
Terms m Women, where they have been long ftopt •
and is a fingu at thing in all Coughs, Colds, Ca-
tarrhs and Defluxions of Rheum upon the Joints
and extreain Parts of the Body. Dofe two or three
drams ina Glafsof generous Wine, or in the diitil-
led Water dulcified.

Xy. -The Acid TinSure. It has all the Virtues
ot the liquid Juice and Effence, powertully opens
all manner of Obftruftions, and fortifies the Sto-
mach and Bowels to a Miracle. It creates a good
. ppetite caufes a good Digeftion, incides or cuts
tartarons Humors which breed the Stone and Gout
diilolvmg and expelling them : it opens all Obftru-
Ctions of the Lungs and Urinary Paffcges, caufing a
tree Breathing and Expeaoration, and cleanfing fhe
Rems and Bladder from Gravel, Sand and tartarons
Mucilage, which cattles the Strangury and Difficul-
ty of Rifling. Do.e fo much as to make the Vehi-
cle pleafantly ftiarp, three, four, five or fix times a
day.

x °“ 'y TMm’- It is an admirable thing

againlt Puifetures and Contufions of the Nerves and
Tendons: it gives eafe in Convulfions, Cramps and
Contraaures of the Nerves, Tendons and Mulcles-
and is a mighty Relief in a cold Gout, if it is dili-
gently anointed therewith, and well rubbed in It
gives eafe in the Stone and Gravel, and in the Stran-
gury, from what Stoppage foever : it expels Wind
m the Bowels, and gives eafe in the Colick, and
tms it d°es in this latter cafe, whether it is given
by the Mouth or exhibited Clyfterwife. If you give
it inwardly by the Mouth, you may give it from ten
drops to twenty or thirty, according to Age and
Strength : if Clyfterwife, you may give it to a
dram : outwardly anointed upon Paralytick Mem-

bev’viitrW^!derfuU>' and reitores them.

XXII. The Saline TinSure. It is ufed for the
molt part outwardly to bathe all fuch Parts and Places
as are affected with Scurff, Morphew, Spots Ble-
milhes, Yellownefs orTawninefs of the Skin Herpes
Tettars, Ringworms Scabs, Leproly, or any other’
Deicedarion of the Cutis.

XXIII. The Spirit It is highly Cordial and Pe-
ctoral, good againft fainting and - fwooning Fits
Sicknefs at Heart and Stomach, and gives eafe in the
Colick and Griping in the Guts. It ftrengthens
a weak Stomach, and caufe a good Appetite and
Digeftion. It gives eafe in a Cough, exterminates
Colds and conduces to the flopping of Catarrhs.

It rehits Poyfon and the Venom of Serpents and
mad Dogs * as alfo the Malignity of the Plague
and all forts of malign and peftilential Fevers. Dofe
a lpoonful or more at a time.

XXIV. The difiilled Oil. It has all the Virtues
of the liquid Juice, Effence, Pouder, Eleauary and
Spirit, and may be given in place of all or any one
of them, being much more powerful than them all.

I have had great Experience of it in facilitating the
Birth, and bringing away the After-birth. It pow-
erfully provokes the Terms in Women where they
are ftopt ; cures Vapors and Hvfterick Fits. There
is nothing better againft Coughs, Colds, Catarrhs
Hoarfeneis, Wheezing, Shortnels of Breath mid
Difficulty of Breathing; as alfo the Colick in Sto-
mach or Bowels, than this Oil. You may give it
from fix drops to fourteen or twenty, dropping it
rirft into white Sugar, and mixing them well ; and
then mixing all with a Glafs of good generous Wine,

and

Chap. 244. '%

and fo drinking it off. It opens OMtruaions of
Reins and Bladder, and provokes Urine powerfully.

XXV. The Pete) ales or Powers. They have all
the Virtues of the Juice, Effence, Pouder, Spirit and
Oil, and may be ufed to all the laid Intentions, both
internally and externally, but are indeed much more
fubtil and penetrating, ftriking to the Bone in a
moment. They eafe the Pain of the Head tho’ ex-
tream, by fnuffing them often up theNoftrils, and
alfo bathing the Forehead and Temples therewith
Dofe is fif ty drops, more or lefs, inaGlafs of gene-
rous Wine, and in cafe of Vapors or Fits, inaGlafs
of fair Water.

XXVI. The Elixir. This Medicament is only
the Poteftates exalted, and brought to the highell
degree of Perfection. It is one of the greateft of all
Pettorals and Anticolicks ; and provokes the Terms
in Women after an admirable manner. In a word,
it has all the Virtues of the Powers, and performs’
whatever they can do, with Advantage. Dofe from
forty to fixty drops in any proper Vehicle.

XXVII. The fixed Salt. It is made of the whole
riant, burnt to Allies whilft it is green. It is high'
ly Diuretick, and a great Purifier of the Blood, de-
ftroying all preternatural Acids in the Juices and
Humors, more efpecially in the Stomach, and other
places of Digeftion. Being mixed about a fcruple
or half a dramat a time with a lpoonfiil of Juice of
Lintons, it takes away Vomiting immediately, tho
never fo extream, and gives eafe in the molt perti
nacious Colick.

XXVIII. Sanguis or Blood. It acuates the Juices
of the Body, fortifies the Stomach, comforts the Fa-
culties, chears the Heart, revives the Spirits, and
puts whole Nature into an excellent Habit and Con-
dition. And as it is one ot the molt admirable
things in the World againit Coughs, Colds, Ca-
tarrhs, Althma’s and lpitting of Blood ; fo it is a
molt Angular thing to reltore in Confumptions, there
being not many better things upon Earth. ’ Dole
from two drams to three, or more, according as the
Neceffity may require, in a Glals of homogeneous
Wine, fuch as the Prudence of the Phyfician lhall
direfl.

XXIX. The Conferve or Preferve. It may be
taken in a Morning falling againit malign and in-
fectious Airs ■, and in contagious and peftilential
Times, there being very few things much better. 1
commend it for fuch as have had an Afthma of long
continuance -, for the conltanr taking of it for fome
confiderable time, diffolves the Tartar of the Lungs
and caules free Breathing.

XXX. EnuU-mel or Honey of Elecampane. It is
highly Peftoral, and is very efficacious to warm and
comfort a cold and windy Stomach, and to eafe
Prickings and flitches in the Sides ; as alfo Pains of
the Spleen, and to help Coughs, Catarrhs, Wheez-
ing and Shortnefs of Breath. It is an excellent
thing alfo for provoking of Urine, and to open Ob-
ttruCtions of the Womb where the Courfes are ltopt
fupprefling Vapors, and preventing Fits of the Mo-
ther. Dofe as much as a Wall-nut Morning and
Night for fome time.

Herb

x

ill

ba : in Latin , Intubus £? Endivia : in Englifh En-
dive. ’ '

II. Tfe Kinds. It is either Garden,' of whiifi in
this Chapter ; or Wild , of wdtich in the next. The
hrlt kind is called Endivia hortenfu , Intubus major
Mattbioli , Intubum faiivum , Garden Endive.

garden. Enbive .

CHAP. CCXLIV.

1

Of ENDIVE Garden.

1

^ I f ^ Karnes. It is called in Greek, : by
X the Arabians, Dumbebe , Anubebe and En.de-

III. The Defcription. It has a Root which is lone
white, with fibres or Strings appendent to it which
withers and dies away ajter it has perfected its
Seed hom this Root Jpring forth long Leaves,

n -T °°t\dni more green than white, like al-
mof to thofe o/Lettice, fomething notched in on the
edges l he Stalk grows up among the Leaves , being
round and hollow, divided into fever al Branches :
°m ?1 !£*? bem& broken or cut' , there iljues a

Milk like Juice , a little bitter. The flowers grow
at the tops of the Branches, and confift of 111.1110
colir ""‘"“mly blew, feldom while

IV. White Endive. It is ra, fed of the Seed of the
former Garden Endive/oW (not in the Spring as
is uJUal, but) in July, whereby it remains till Win
ter at which time it is taken up by the Roots, and
laidfoi two hours in the Sun or Air, by which means
the Leaves will become tough, and eafity endure to
be wrapped up into a heap -, after which they are bu-
ned in the Earth or m Sand, as fome fay, with the
Roots Upwards, Jo as no Earth or Air can get with-
w (which, ,f they could would caufe Rot tennefs ■ )
the which fo covered may be taken up at need re
puires, and fo ufed in Sa/lets all the Winter as ,s

n j XLond£n’, ■ <m‘t many m,)er pieces. This is
called White Endive, and it feems, that the anci-
ent Romans were not ignorant ot ir. Limy lib 20

8. fpeakmg to the fame purpolb.

V Curled Endive. There is aijo another fort of
Garden Endive, called Endivia Calamiitrara, Intu-
bum mtortum Intubus Crifpus vel CriipKhmus:

ihts has a thick Root , with f ibres annexed, as 2 he
former has , which Root perijhes , as does the whole
I'd d tCr !t }aS '>rou$t forlh its ripe Seed, f rom
this Root Jpring up many Leaves 3 not much unlike to

the

Lib. I.

1 be Leave, of the Curled Cabbage-Lettice, but much |
loner, From among thefe Leaves fpnng upjtrong
and thick Stalks , Jet with the like Leaves but lejs,
and not fo amply curled or crifped as thoje below, or
as the Leaves were , before it ran up to Seed, ine
Flowers grow at the top, of the Stalks , much like the
former , and are of a like blew color. This (as well
as the fir ft kind) being whited according to the Jot-
lowing Direllions , is called White Endive and it
much ufei in Winter time as a Salle, with great
V leaf ure and Satisfaction : but this Curled Endive it
much the tenderer , and far the fairer and better for

^'{{“vt^P laces. Thefe grow in Gardens only,

but not only with us, but alfo thro’ all Europe. _

VII. The Times. They are lown in the Spring ,
and they flower in June and July , and their seed is
ripe in Auguft, the whole Plant periling before
Winter. But when they are Town in July, then they
will remain till Winter, and fo taken up, may be
whitened, ( by the former DiteUions) and fo be pre
ferved for Salleting all the Winter.

VIII The Qualities. They are cold and dry in the
fecond Degree; Aperitive, Aftringent andHepatict

IX. The Specification. They are peculiar agamlt

burning Fevers, the burning Heat and alfo Stoppage
of Urine. , c

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
l. A liquid Juice. 2. An EJfence. a,. A Syrup.
4. A Lecoiiion. $■ A Cataplafm. 6. A dijiilicd
Water. 7. A Ponder of the Seed. 8. A Sallet

XVII. The Ponder of the Seed. It has all the
Properties and Virtues of the Juice and Eflence ;
and if we may give Credit to Authors, it is rather
the more powerful; befides, it is available for Faint-
ings and Swoonings, and other Paffions of the Heart,
given in a Glafs of generous White Port Wine or
Madera, Morning and Evening. Dofe one dram or
dram and half at a time.

XVIII. The Sallet. It is Angularly cooling ; and
being made of the Whited curled Endive, it is very
tender and delicate, agreeable to the Stomach, cool-
ing and refreihing the weak and fainting Spirits ;
and is one of the bell Sailers, to be ufed both in
Autumn and Winter time.

CHAP. CCXLV.

Of ENDIVE Wild.

TH E Names. It is called in Greek, 2se« m-
J),b, *) iyeca. in Latin, Endivia fylvefiris ,
Intubum fylvejlre ; and in Englijh, Wild Endive,

XI. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. 1. Endivia
fylvefiris angufiifolia, Nartow-leav’d Wild Endive.
2, Endivia fylvefiris , vel Campejlris latifolia, Broad-
leav’d Meadow Wild Endive.

The Virtues.

XI. The liquid Juice. It is a Angular Cooler,
and therefore cools the exceffive Heat of the Sto-
mach and Liver ; and is proAtable againft Inflam-
mations of the other Vifcera, and, Heats in any 0-
ther Parts of the Body : it is of very good Uie to
be ufed in the hot and burning Fits of Agues, to
cool the fame, being given three or four lpoontuls
at a time, mixed with fair Water or diftilled Wa-
ter of the Plant. , T •

XII The EJfence. It hastheVirtuesof the Juice;
befides which,' it cools the Heat and Sharpnefs of
Urine opens Obftruaions of the Liver, Spleen and
Urinary Parts, and heals the Excoriations of the
fame. Dofe three or four fpoonfuls at a time in a
Glafs of the dittilled Water.

XIII. The Syrup. It is good in thin Rheums,
caufes Expeftoration, helps the Strangury, and rakes
away the Burning and Scalding of the Water. Dole
two fpoonfuls or more at a time.

XIV. T be Decoction. It has all the Virtues ol
the Juice, Effence and Syrup, but nothing near fo
powerful. It is ufually made in Water, becaufe it
is more cooling, and more agreeable to the Nature
of the Plant ; and fo it cools inward Inflammations,
and heals admirably : it opens Obftruaions of the
Liver, Spleen, Gall, Reins, Bladder and Womb, and
is faid to be proAtable againft the Yellow Jaundice.

XV. The Cataplafm. It being applied, ferves to
attemperate and cool the Sharpnefs and Heat of the
Humors, and qualify the (harp and corroding Matter
which proceeds from ill-natured and fretting Ul-
cers. It is alfo good againft hot and inflamed Tu-
mors or Swellings, and peltilentiul Sores ; and ad-
mirably helps not only the Rednefs and Inflammati-
ons of the Eyes, but alfo the Dimnefs of Sight : and
gives prefent eafe in the Gout.

XVI. The difti.'led Water. It is Anely cooling,
and a Angular CoUyrium to be ufed to fore, hot, in-
flamed, led and blood-fhot Eyes, being dropt into
them four, flve or fix times a day. It ferves alfo
for a Vehicle to convey fome of the other Piepara-

III. The Defcriptions. The firfi, or Narrow-
leav’d Wild Endive, has a pretty thick, tough and fi-
brous Root, which perifhes every Lear, as that of the
Garden does. From this Root leveral very long ,
fmooth, green Leaves arife, lying on the Ground,
narrower than the Garden Endive, and fomething
more bitter. The Stalk is {tenderer and lower than
the other, yet growing many times half a yard high,
being towards its top more full of Branches. On
he tops of all which it bears fmall blew Flowers,
like the Common Garden Endive ; which being pafs d
away, there follows the life Seed alfo.

IV. The J'econd, or Bioad-leav’d Meadow Endive,

has

Chap. 246. ‘Englij

has a thick, tough and woody Root, with many Strings
adjoining thereto ; from which rije up many broad
Leaves , fpreai upon the Ground , like to tbofe oj
Garden Endive, but /offer , and Jomewhat rougher .
among which rife up many Stalks, immediately
from .the Root, every one of which are divided into
feveral Branches, upon which do grow many blew
Flowers, in Falhion like the former, fave that they
are lefler.

V. T he Places. The fecond grows in Meadow's,
and Borders of Meadows in many places. The firft
is found to grow Wild in feveral High-ways, and
upon the Heads of Ploughed Lands in feveral Parts
of the Kingdom, as alfo upon wild and untilled
barren Grounds, efpecially in chalky, lfoney and
gravelly places.

VI. The Times. They flower from the latter end
of July to the end of Attgujl, the Seed ripening
foon after.

VII. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations
and Virtues, ate the fame with thofe of the Garden
Endive in the former Chapter, fo that no mote need
be faid of them in this place.

VIII. Kota. In the Spring time the vulgar Peo-
ple are ufed to boil thefe Herbs in Pottage or Broths,
for fickly Perfons , and fuch as have weak and ill-
difpofed Stomachs ; for fo they correft the ill Fer-
ment of the Part, ftrengthen the Ventricle, and pu-
rify the Mafs of Blood.

CHAP. CCXLVI.

Of ERYNGO,

o R,

SEA-HOLLY.

I. *Tp H E Names. It is called in Greek , ’£ fdyyw :

X in hat in, Eryngium, Erynge Plinii , Centum
Capita •, and by fome Apothecaries it is called, Irin-
gus : in Englijh , Eryngo and Sea Holly.

II. Not a. Some relerr Acanos to Eryngium •, but
hotel doubts thereof, and referrs it to Dry pis Tbeo-
phrafti -, but Cafalpinus to the Crocodilion Diofcori-
dis : haciuia calls it Glycyrrbiza fpinofa.

II. The Kinds. Authors make fix feveral kinds
of this Plant ; but there are but two which are
known to, and grow with us, viz. i. Eryngium
Mar in urn, Eryngium Maritimum Bauhini (J? Gefnen
in bortis, Glycyrrbiza fpinofa hacun*, Our common
or vulgar Sea Holly. 2. Eryngium Mediterraneum
Gefneri, Turneri, Gerardi , hobelii , Eryngium Cam-
pejire hobelii ■, Eryngium vulgare Bauhini, Clufii,
Came rani, ( becaufe in Germany there is no other
fo Sequent •, ) Eryngium Mon tan urn, Matthioli Cf
hugdunenfis ■, Eryngium hacunjf, Cordi, Ccefalpini
Cf Taber nmontani, limply fo called without any E-
pithife, and we in England call it, Mediterranean
Mountain or hand Eryngo.

IV. The Defcriptions. The Jirfl, or Common
Sea Holly, has a Root of an admirable hength, even
to eight or ten feet long, fo that it can fcarcely ever
be all pulled up, and about the Thicknefs of a Man's
f inger, fet with Knots, Rings or Circles here and
there towards the upper part, but fmooth and without
Joints down lower, brownifh on the out fide, and very

h ‘Herbs.

white within, with a Pith in the middle, of a very
ple.-J.mt Tajle, but much more delicate, being Pre-
Jeryed or Candied with Sugar. From this Roor
Ipring up feveral Leaves, broad, almolt like to
Mallow Leaves, but cornered on the edges, and
deeply dented or cut in, fet round about with hard
Prickles, (harp-pointed, and alfo a little crumpled,
fat, of a blewifh white, of an Aromatick or Spicy
fade, and each Handing upon a long Foot-Hulk, but
they which grow up higher with the Stalk, do as it
were encompafs it at the bottom : thefe Leaves are
gentle, or nothing fo hard and prickly as when they
grow older. The Stalk it felf is round and ftrong,
yet fomewhat creifed, having Joints, and Leaves on
thole Joints, more divided, (harp and prickly than
the lower ; this Stalk is thick, about a Cubit in
Height, now and then lomething red below, branch-
ing it felf out towaids the top, which Branches
have alfo leveral other Branches proceeding from
them, each of them bearing on their tops leveral
blewifh, round, prickly Heads or Knots, about the
Bignefs of a Wallnut, held in for the mod part
with fix fmall, jagged, prickly Leaves under them,
or encompaffing rite top of the Stalk round abour,
and Handing like a Star s which Leaves, as well as
Heads, are of a glidering blew, and fomecimes are
found greenilh or whitilh. The Flowers coming
forth ol the Heads are likewife blew, with white
Threads appearing in the middle.

Eryngo , or, Common Sea Holly.

V. The fecond, or Mediterranean Eryngo, has a
long Root, like the former, but,Jhorter and jlenderer
yet nearly a Fingers Thicknefs, black without and
white within, being of a Tajle and Smell like the ci-
ther, which whi/Jl new fprttng up, and that they are
young , are alfo tender and fit to be eaten , tho ’ not al-
together fo fweet to be Eaten, nor fit to be Prefer-
vedyter full out of fo Aromatick a Tajle. The Leaves
are diverliy cut into feveral parcels or pieces, being
all full of Prickles along the edges ^ they are more
divided, more prickly, and lels Aromatick than the
former. The Stalk and Branches are not fo thick
as the fil'd ; but the Stalk is divided or fpread out

(like

J

6 Salmon s 'Herbal.

j

Lib, I.

(like it) into many tenches; whiih Wng

prickly Heads, but lelfer than thole of the other ;
from whence there all’o come forth blew Flowers,
feldom yellow. There grow likewife, under every
one of thele Heads, fix rough and prickly Leaves,
like to thole of the other, but thinner and fmaller.

filled Water of the whole Plant,
the Leaves.

The Virtues.

Ury/ie^o
Mediterranean.

VI. The Places. The firft is found upon the Sea
Shore ot Coaft almoff in every Country, as in Spain ,
Italy, trance, England, Holland, and in moll of the
other Northerly Countries ; it grows upon the Sea-
fide upon Beechy and Stoney Ground. It has been
found growing plentifully at Wbitftab/e in Kent-,
at Rye and Winchelfea in Stiffex ; and in EJfex at
Landamer Lading, at Harwich ; and upon Langtree
Point, on the other fide of the Water ; as all'o in
Gardens, where it is fometimes planted. The fe-
cond grows naturally on the Mediterranean Coalls,
upon the Shores of the Levant Sea ; as alfo in moll
parts of Germany, and in Efpecial in t'ranconia, in
the Vineyards and Highways every where ; as alfo
in the upper and farther remote parts from the Sea,
about Narbone in trance, as Lobe/ and Pena fay s
but with us it is only nurs’d up in Gardens, where
it very well thrives.

VII. The Tines. They both flower in June and
July, after the Summer folltice ; and give ripe Seed
in about a Month after, viz. in Augufl.

VIII. The Vitalities. They, viz. the Roots, are
temperate in refpefit to Heat and Coldnefs, and dry
in the felt Degree, having a Thinnefs of Subftunce.
as Galen fays , Aperitive, Abllerfive, Anodyne, Car-
minative, Diuretick, Pectoral, Nephritick, Alexi-
phatvnick, Analeptick and Spermatogenetick.

IX. The Specification. They are peculiar againlt
Stone, Sand, Gravel and Tartar in the Reins, Ure-
ters and Bladder, Strangury, and all Obltruttions of
thole Parts, eafe the Colick, and itrongly provoke
Lull.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
I. The Root, raw, roofed or boiled. 2. A Condi-
ture of the fame. %. A Juice thereof. 4. An Ef-
Jencc. ;. ADecdtion inWine. 6. A Ponder there-

XI. The Root, raw, roafiei or boiled. They are
thus eaten to provoke Lull andencreafe Seed : they
open ObltruUions of the Liver, are good againlt
the Bitings of poyfonous Bealls, provoke the Terms
in Women, prevail againlt Convullions, Cramps,
Epilepfies, and other like Diilempers of the Head
and Brain.

XII. The Conditure. The way of this dry Prefer-
ring them is thus : Take double or treble refined
Sugar a pound or more, fair Water a pint or better ;
boil them together till they become a good Itrong
Syrup : to which Syrup add ( being aimed cold )
two ounces or more of choice Damask-Rofe Water,
an ounce of itrong Cinnamon Water, and a grain
and half of Musk in fine pouder, (the three lad mud
be mixed, and the Musk infufed together fird for
twenty four or forty eight hours, and then drained
out , and fo put into the Syrup, being firft half
cold.) This being done, your Roots being wufhed,
are to be laid to foak in fair Water lor twenty four
hours, and then very well pickt and cleanfed ; after
which they mult be boiled in fair Water for the
fpace of four hours, till they are foft ; after which
they are to be taken out, and peeled clean, as you
do Parfnsps , and the Pith mult be drawn out at the
end of the Root ; but if there is any whole Pith
cannot be fo drawn out, then you mult flit them,
and fo take it out : thefe you mud alfo keep from
much handling, that they may be clean ; put them
into the afore prepared Syrup, in which let them
remain to the next day, then fet them on the Fire,
in a fair broad Confect ing Pan, ( made of Copper or
Brafs double Tinned over ) until they be very hor,
but without any boiling at all ; let them remain o-
ver the Fire an hour or more, removing them gently
in the Pail from one place to another with a wooden
Slice. This done, have in a Readinels a great Cap
or Royal Paper, upon which drew fome Sugar dou-
ble or treble refined, upon which lay your Roots,
having taken them out of the Pan. Thefe Papers
you mud put into a Stove or Hot-houfe, or a warm
Oven, to dry and harden ; but for want of fecit a
place, you may dry them over a gentle Sand Heat,
in a Sand Furnace, or by laying them before the
Fire. After this manner you may Condite or Pre-
ferve any other Roots whatfoever. The Roots thus
Condited or Preferved are exceeding good for old
and aged People, fetch as are withred and confumed
with Age, and which want natural Moidure, or the
Humidum Radicals, as it is called, and therefore of
confequence mutt be good for fuch as are in Con-
femptions : they are alfo good for fuch as have al-
molt loft the Defire or Appetite to Venereal A£ts,
nourilhing and reltoring the Aged, and helping a*
gainlt the Defeats of Nature in the Young.

XHI. The liquid Juice of the Root. It may be
taken to two or three ounces Morning, Noon and
Night in a Glafs of generous Wine, as White Lif
bon. White Madera, Mountain White Wine, (Vc.
It breeds Seed admirably, and is faid to cure Irnpo-
tency in Men. it prevails againlt the Kings-evtL,
the Colick, expels Wind, breaks the Stone, and
drives forth Gravel, Sand, and other tartarous Mat-
ter out of the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, provokes
Urine, and cures the Strangury, being drunk lor a-
bout fifteen days together. One would nor grutch
to drink it for a Month, to have ail thele great
things performed by it. It may be taken to four
ounces, upon occafion.

XIV. The

Chap. 247. ‘Englifh Herbs. 337

XIV. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the
liquid Juice ; and by reafon of its Finenefs, much
the better and pleafanter Medicine to be taken. It
powerfully opens Obltruclions of the Liver and
Spleen, Reins, Bladder and Womb ; is goodagainft
the Yellow Jaundice, Dropfy and Gout, and pro-
vokes the Terms in Women. It is good again!! the
Bitings of Serpents, and the Poyfon of the Aconite,
or other poyfonous Herbs ; but in cafe of the Stone,
Gravel, Sand, Strangury, £fc. it ought to be taken
for twenty or thirty days together, firll faffing in the
Morning, and laft at Night going to Bed. If the
Life of this Medicine is continued longer, it not on-
ly removes the Stoppage of Urine and pilling by
drops, with the Sand, Gravel and Tartar of the
Reins, and all other Defeats of the Urinary Parts,
but it is faid perfectly to cure them, as alio thofe
who are troubled with the Stone , fo as that thofe
Pains (hall never return again ; which thing Authors
fay has been proved by Experience, on fuch as have
been a long time troubled therewith. Dofe three
or four fpoonfuls at a time in generous Wine.

XV. The DecoEtion in Wine. It has all the Vir-
tues of the liquid Juice and Effence, but is lefs pow-
erful, and therefore ought to be taken three or four
times a day, fweetned with a little double-refined
.Sugar. It is ufually taken ( as well as the other
things ) to excite Coition ; and is faid to be good
again!! the Trerich Difeafe it felf.

XVI. The Yonder oj the Root. This being taken
to a dram in a Glafs of White Lisbon Wine, with
the Addition of half a dram of Caucus or Wild Car-
rot Seed, expels Stone and Gravel from the Reins
and Bladder, provokes Urine and the Terms, eafes
the Colick, refills Poyfon, and cures the Bitings
of Serpents and other venomous Creatures. It is
fingular good again!! the Scrophula, or thofe Tu-
mors and Kernels in the Throat called the Kings-eviL,
being often taken Morning and Night in two or three
ounces of the Effence abovefaid.

XVII. The Ointment. It is made of the bruifed
Root, boiled in Hogs Lard. This being applied
to broken Bones, Splinters, Thorns, & c. remain-
ing in the Flelh, does not only draw them forth,
but heals up the place again, making new Flefii
Where it was confutned or eaten away.

XVIII. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Roots
beaten into a Pulp, or raw, or boiled, and then
beaten into a Mafs. This being applied to Struma’s,
or Kings-evil Sores, or to the Bitings of mad Dogs,
Serpents, or of any other venomous Creature , it
draws out the Malignity and Poyfon, and quickly
heals the Sore. In the Gout, whether of Hands or
Feet, it gives prefent eafe and applied to Apo-
llems, it quickly ripens and breaks them.

XIX. The dtftilled Water. It is drawn from the
whole Plant when the Leaves and Stalks are young :
and is profitably taken for all the Purpofes aforefaid :
it removes Melancholy from the Heart, and is good
for Quartan and Quotidian Agues, as alfo for them
who, by Convulfions, have their Necks drawn awry,
or cannot turn them without turning their whole Bo-
dies : but in all thefe Cafes the Juice or Effence are
more powerful ; and they may be taken in this di-
llilled Water for a Vehicle.

XX. The liquid Juice oj the Leaves. Being dropt
into the Ears, it is faid to fuppurate Apoftems there-
in. And Gerard fays, that being drunk with Wine,
it is a Remedy for thofe who are troubled with a
Gonorrhoea or Running of the Reins*

CHAP. CCXLVII.

Of EYE-BRIGHT Common or
Meadow.

I.'T' HE Karnes. It is called, as fome fay, in

X Greeks ’tvtp&irivi : in Latin , Euphragia , Eu-
fragia, Euphrafyne , (which is alfo a Name of Bug-
lofs ) Ocularis , Ocularia , Opktbalmica and Eufrajia :
in Englijh , Eye-bright.

II. The Kinds. There are many kinds of this
Plant ^ but there are but two principal Species which
are known to us, or at leaftwife grow in our Coun-
try, viz. 1 . Eufrajia , Eufragia , and Euphragia vul-
garis, Our common Meadow Eye-bright, of which
in this Chapter. 2. Euphragia, and Eufragia Inn fo-
lia Columnar, ( yet the Leaves are far lefs than thole
of Flax : ) Euphragia fylveflris, Euphragia , vel Eu-
fragia Lignofa ; Woody Eye-bright, of which in
the next Chapter.

III. The Defcription. It has d Root which is
long, fnall and thready at the end, from which uf ti-
dily rifes up one fmall, low, blackij). ) green Stalk, a
J pan high , or not much more, fpread out from the
bottom into fiver a l Branches , on which are Jet fmall,
long, dark, green Leaves, pointed at their ends , and
dented about the edges, almojl like a Sdw , tzoo al-
ways fet together, and very thick. At the Joints
with the Leaves, from the middle upwards, come
forth fmall white Flowers, ftriped with purple and
yellow Stripes, and Spots mixed therewith * after
which follow finall round Heads, with very fmall
Seed therein. This being found on fome hilly
Ground, does fometimes vary in Color of the Flow-
er, as being fometimes more whitilh, fometimes
more yellowifh, and fometimes more purple.

IV. The Places. It grows in dry Meadows, in
green and grafly Ways, and Paftures lying to the

% x Sum

Salmon ‘Herbal. Lib. I.

San. 1 hive found it in liberal Meadows near Lyn
Regis in ’Norfolk, within a Mile or fomething mow
of the Town •, in Meadows near Hardwick, and be-
tween H.ndieick and H'eji ccncb : alio in many
places in Kent, in the bairen hields and waue
li- ;; ls neat Grevefend^ and in the places theie-
I ■ ■ : and indeed it is treqnent in Meadows
and GraQV places in molt paits of the King-
dom.

V. Tie Times. It flowers in Attguft and conti-
mu 5 to September , the Seed ripening foon after.

VI. The futilities. It is hot in the firft Degree
and dry in the fecond, and is efpecially appropriated
to the Fyes : it is gently Aftringent and Difcuflive.

\ JI. The Specification. It is a Angular Remedy
(confirmed- by Experience) againft all Difeafes of
the Eyes.

VIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, i. A liquid Juice, i. An EJJcnce. 3. A
DccxTibn or Infufion in I Vine. 4. A Pouder of the
Herb. y. AConferve thereof. 6. A Drink. 7. A
CalapLfm. 8. A diftilled Water.

Drink : the conftant Ule of it admirably ltrengthens
the Ryes and clears the Sight.

X\ . 1 he Cataplafm. The green Herb made into
a Cataplaim by beating in a Mortar, and then ap-
plied to the Eyes, is good againlt hot, (harp and
Raiding Rheums, Weeping of the Eyes and Blood-
Ihot, abates the Inflammation, eafes the Pain, takes
away the Dimnefs, and clears the Sight.

XVI. The difti/led Water. It is laid to have the
Virtues of the Juice and EfTence, hut much more
weak ; but may ferve as a Vehicle to take fome of
the other Preparations in. Outwardly ufed to the
Eyes, ( efpecially if a little white Sugar Candy is
dilfolved in it) it is of good Ufe againft an Oph-
thalmy , Pains and (harp Humors -, it takes away
Clouds, Films and Pearls, and clears the Sight.

CHAP. CCXLVIII.

The Virtues.

Of E Y E-B RIGHT Woody.

IX. The liquid Juice. Taken inwardly Morning
arid Evening to two or three fpoonfuls, in a Glafs
of generous Wine, it ftrengthens the Eyes and Op-
tick Nerves, helps a weak Brain and Memory,
ftrengthens a weak Sight, and reftores it, being de-
cayed, in a fhort time. Outwardly dropt into the
Eyes five or fix times a day, it takes away Clouds,
f ilms, Blood-fhot, and other things which obfufeate
the Sight.

X. The Effencc. It has the Virtues of the liquid
Juice, being inwardly ufed and outwardly applied :
it may be given inwardly to two or three fpoonfuls
in a Glafs of Wine, Morning and Night.

XI. The DccoUion or Infufion in Wine. It may
be made in White Lisbon or Madera Wine, or your
Spanifh Mountain Wine. It has the Virtues of the
liquid Juice and Ellence, but not altogether lo pow-
erful : a quarter of a pint of it may be drunk in the
Morning faffing then half an hour before Dinner •,
as much at five in the Afternoon •, and laftly, the
like quantity at going to Bed. It ltrengthens the
Stomach admirably, and by confequence the Head
and Optick Nerves.

XII. The Tender. Its Virtues are the fame with
the Juice, EfTence and Wine aforegoing, blit it ex-
erts not its Virtue lb obvioufly, or fo foon : it may
be given to one dram Morning and Night, in a Glafs
of Wine. If the Pouder be thus compounded, you
will find it much better : Take Fonder of Eye-bright
five. ounces, Fonder of Rofcmary-flowers three ounces ,
Fonder of Nutmegs one ounce , Pouder of Mace half
an ounce , Pouder of white Pepper two drams : mix
them. Dofe one dram, as before.

XIII. The Conferve. It has the Virtues of the
Pouder, but not altogether fo efficacious, becaufe of
its being clogged with Sugar. You may take as
much as a Wallnut of it Morning and Night, drink-
ing after it a Glafs of good Wine. If you make it
of equal parts of Eye-bright and RofemaryM owers,
it will be fo much the more effectual for Rofema-
ry feems to be a Specifick to cure Difeafes of the
Eyes.

XIV. The Drink. It is to be put into, or Tunn’d
up with new Ale before it has done Working •, to
every Gallon you may pur eight handfuls of the
Herb, which you may gently bruife, and put into a
thin Bag made of a Dairy-Wives Milk-cloth, with
a Stone in it,, to make it’ fettle. This is to be put
into the Ale or Beer whilft it is Working ; which,
after three or four days, may be drunk as ordinary

I. AT' H E Names. It is called is Greeks 'Evtp&mJvt

1 : in Latin, Eufragia , vel Euphra-

gia Lignofa Eufragia pratenfis rubra : in Englifk ,
Woody Eye-bright , Red Woody Eye-bright.

II. The Kinds. There are two Species here-
of, viz. 1. Euphragia lignofa major , Eufragia pra-
tenfis rubra major , The greater red woody Eye-
bright. 2. Eufragia , vel Euphragia lignofa minor ,
Eufragia pratenfis rubra minor , The lefler red woody
Eye-brighr.

III. Not a. The firft of thefe is the Eufragia al-
tera Dodoncei , Lobelii E? Aliorum : the Siderim
pratenfis rubra Lugdunenfis : the Odontites Taber n-
montani : the Ericoides rubrum Thalii and the
Crataogonon Euphrofyne Gerardi , who makes it a

Chap. 249, ‘EngUfh Herbs. | 5 9

kind of Crattogonon , againlt rhe Evidence ot Dado-
nem, which is indeed an Error. The fecond is the
hr unella, Italic a Bauhini , ( in his Phytcpinax ; ) but
the Eupbrnjiii pratenfis hit folia Italica , ( in his P/-
nax ; ) and Eufrajiu purpurea minor , ( in his Pto-
dromiu i ) and the Eufrafia non Jcnpta tertia Co-
lumnte. , ;

IV. The Defcriptions. The fitji of theft , nr
Greater red woody Eye-bright, Iw a Root which ts
made of fever al hard 'and woody Strings ; /tow Mcb
rifes up one woody , fquare , brownijh Stalky divided
into fcveral Branches , a /rfr/e sAoun rfe Ground , />
rbar it feems to be a pretty Bujh , nfeart half a

or two feet high, fet with fomewhat long and nar-
row Leaves, pointed at the ends, and a little dented
in about the edges, two always fet together at a
Joint, one againlt another, which will, in the Heat
of Summer, turn reddifh •• the Flowers are gaping
and Hooded, of a purplilh red color.

V. The fecond, or Smaller red woody Eye-bright,
holt a fmall woody Root, jiringy and black, ; from
whence rifes up one fquare, reddifh , hairy Stalk, an
handful or more high, fometimes without Branches ,
and uf tally but with two, very feldom^ more, which
are compared with a tew thick, hairy and almoft
round Leaves, fet two together, and deeply cut in-
to parts ; the lower Leaves, which are the lefs, but
into three parts, but the upper, which are the great-
er, into five or fix parts. The Flowers come forth
fometimes from between the Leaves and the Stalks,
and fometimes they Hand in Tufts at the tops, two
ftanding together. Hooded, and of a purplilh color,
coming out of long green Husks ; fometimes the
Flowers have been obferved to he white, yet but
very feldom : which being faded or pafs’d away,
there comes after them ( contained in the faid Husks)
long and cornered white Seed.

VI. The Places. They are found in feveral parts
of England, the firft chiefly in many places of Kent,
in barren Fields and walte Grounds, and in feme
places near and about Gravefend.

VII. The Times. They flower about the latter
end of July, and in Attguji, the Seed ripening foon
after.

VIII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations
and Virtues of thefe Plants, are much one and the
fame with thofe in the former Chapter, fo that no
more need be faid thereof in this place.

CHAP. CCXLIX.

Of FETHERFEW Garden.

1. '"p H E Names. It is called in Greek,

(quafi plant a Virgin alls, quia mulierum mor-
bis liter mis medetur , Lf inde vulgo matricaria: ) in
Latin , Parthenium , Matricaria Of Pebrifuga : in
Englijb , Fetherfew and Feverfew , (from the Latin
Name ) it being good againlt Fevers or Agues.

II. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. 1. Partheni-
um, vel Matricaria hortenfis , The Garden Fether-
few, of which in this Chapter. 2. Parthenium ,
vel Febrifuga fylveflris , Wild Fetherfew, of which
in the next Chapter.

III. The Garden kind is alfo twofold, viz. I . Par-
thenium, Matricaria , vel Febrifuga vulgaris flore fim-
plici, Thecommon Fetherfew, with a fingle Flower.
Galen fays this was called Anthemisfielxine and Li-
nozofiis in his time: Pliny fays, that Helxine was cal-
led rer dictum wAPartbenium,AFoLeucantbemum and

T amnacum, fo that it leenis Parthenium was a word
applied to many Herbs but it is only proper to our
Matricaria. 2. Parthenium, vel Matricaria fore
pleno •, Ar theme fia tenui folia fldre plenc , Doublfe*
flowered Fetherfew.

IV. The Defcriptions. The jtrft, or Single-
flowred , has a Root which is fomewhat hard ana
fhort, with a multitude of ftrong Fibres at it, making
it like a Bujh of them. : from the Head of this “Root
Spring up many large, frefh , green, winged Leaves ,
very much cut in on the edges : the Stalks are hard
and round, fet with many fuch like Leaves, but
fomething fmaller, and at the tops Hand many An-
gle Flowers, growing upon many Imall Foot-lfalks,
confifting of feveral fmall white Leaves, longifh and
pointed, ftanding about a yellow Thrum in the mid-
dle. The Smell of the whole Plant is ftrong, but
agreeable enough to that Senfe, and of a very bitter
Tafte,

V. The fecond , or Double-flowred Fetherfew, haf
a Root like the former ■, and in its Stalk and Leaves ,
as alfo the Smell and Manner of Growing, it is Jo
like the other , as not to be eafily difeerned from it
till it comes into Flower, and in that is the only Dif-
ference for whereas in the former the Flower was
only fingle, in this they are very thick, and double
filled, as it were, with white Leaves, fo that only
a little yellow Spot is to be ieen in the middle.

VI. The Places. They both grow in Gardens
with us, and yet they have both been found grow-
ing Wild in this Kingdom, which is a Rarity. I
rather think, that where they have been found grow-
ing fo, that it was by fome Accident they grew
there, as the Mattering of fome Seed, or Weeding
the Plants out, and calling them into fome other
place, where polfibly they might take root again,
and fo grow up and feed, and Ihed their Seed in the
fame place.

VII. The Times * They flower in June and July ,
and their Seed is ripe not long after.

VIII. The Qualities. They are hot in the third
Degree, and dry in the fecond •, are Aperitive, Incj*

x 2 five,

i j(o Salmon s , Herbal. Lib. I.

live, Abiterfive, Aftringent, Carminative, Digeftive,
Diuretick and Suppurative : Ceplialick, Neurotick,
Stomatick, Pectoral and Hylterick ■, Emraenagogick
and Alexipharmick.

IX. T be Specification. It is peculiar for provo-
king the Terms in Women, and forcing away both
Birth and After-birth.

X. The V reparations. You may have therefrom,
j. A liquid Juice. 2. An Effcncc. 3. A Decoffion
cf the llcrb and Flowers in fibre. 4. A Wine. 5.

A Syrup. 6. A Fonder of the Herb and Flowers. 7.

A Catap/afm. 8. A diflilled Water. 9. A Spirit it-
ousTtnlfure. 10. An AcidTinllure. 11. AnOily
TinHure. 12. A Saline Tinlture. 13. A Spirit.
14. A diflilled Oil. 15. Fotejiatcs or Powers. 16.
An Elixir.

The Virtues.

XI. The liquid Juice. It is good againft the Fits
and Riling of the Mother, the Hardnefs and Inflam-
mation oh the AVomb, being taken once or twice a
day, two or three fpoonfuls at a time, in a Glafs oi
Wine.

XII. The Ejfence. It has the Virtues of the Juice,
and comforts and warms the Womb and all the
Farts of Generation affli&ed with Cold and Moi-
llure, and obftruUed with thick, tough and tarta
rous Humors : it provokes the Terms powerfully,
and brings away the Child, either dead or alive * as
alfo the After-birth : it cleanfes the Reins, Ureters
and Bladder, expelling Stone, Gravel, Sand or vif-
cous Matter obftruUing them. It provokes Urine,
and gives eafe in the Strangury. Dofe two fpoon-
fuls in the diftilled Water, or in White Lisbon
Wine.

XIII. The Decoffion in White Port Wine. It has
the Virtues of the Juice and EITence, but lefs pow-
erful ^ and therefore mult be given to all the faid
Intentions in a much greater quantity, viz. to five
or fix ounces, dulcified with white Sugar, and to
be taken thrice a day, viz . Morning, Noon and
Night.

XIV. The Wine. It is made by a reiterated In-
fufion of the Herb and Flowers in White Lisbon or
Fort AVine, for a Week or more. It admirably
Itrengthens the Stomach, warms and comforts the
Vifcera, and cleanfes them from cold, pituitousand
vifeous Humors : if it is drunk for fome Months,
it is laid to reftify and ftrengthen the Confiftency
of the Seed, and to cure Barrennefs in either Sex :
it is good againft Melancholy, and Heavinels or
Sadnefs of the Spirits. Dole a quarter of a pint
three or four times a day.

XV. The Syrup. It is dedicated to the Breft and
Lungs, and is ufed with good Succefs againft
Coughs, Colds, Stuffings of the Lungs, Afthma’s,
AVheezing, Shortnefs of Breath and Difficulty of
Breathing •, it opens the Pipes, and cleanfes them of
the tough and vifeous Matter adhering to them.
Dofe one or two fpoonfuls, to be lick’d alone with
a Liquorice Stick, that it may diftil down the Throat
graaatim.

XVI. The Pouder of the Herb and Ploioers. If it
is taken, as Diofcorides fays, in AVine, to a dram or
fomewhat more, mixed with Oxymel , it will purge
like to Epithymum , both Choler and Flegm, and
will be available for all fuch as are Short-winded,
or are Afthmatick, Bechick, or are troubled with
Hypochondriack Melancholy, Heavinefs, Grief or
Sadnefs of the Spirits. It is good for fuch as have
the Vertigo, or Pains or Aches from Stuffings of
Humors, or from a cold .and moilt Caufe.

XVII. The CataplaJ'm. Being made of the green
bruifed Herb, and applied to the Crown of the Head, (

it eafes all Pains thereof, as Lamer arius fays, co-
ming from a cold Caufe : it is alfo profitable for
fuch as have a Giddinefs or Swiming in the Head.
Applied to the AVrifts, with fome Salt mixt with it,
two hours before the cooling of the Fit of an Ague,
the Patient withal drinking at the fame time half a
pint or more of the aforementioned Decoffion in
Wine, it cures the fame, being four or five times
ufed.

XVIII. The diflilled Water. Authors lay, that
it is good to take away Freckles and other Defor-
mities in the Face and Skin. This I know, that if
to every quart thereof you put one ounce of Sal
Nitre or of Sal Tartar /, mixing, dilfolving and fil-
tering it thro’ brown Paper ; you will then have an
excellent Cofmetick to clear the Skin of Tanning,
Sun-burning, Yellownefs, Freckles, Lentils, Pim-
ples, Scurff, Morphew, and other like Defoedations
of the Cutis.

XIX. The Spirituous Tinffurc. It expels AVind,
and is powerful againft the Colick, whether in Sto-
mach or Bowels : it warms a cold Stomach, com-
forts and ftrengthens it , revives the Spirits, chears
the Heart, fortifies the Womb, and makes it vigo-
rous and fit for Conception. Dofe half a fpoonful
or more in a Glafs of White Lisbon , Morning and
Night, or two or three times a day.

XX. The Acid Tinffure. It is good againft
Naufeating, and ftops A'omiting, ftrengthening the
Stomach after an admirable manner. It is prevalent
againft the Cachexia, and the Green-ficknefs in Vir-
gins, makes a good Stomach and a ftrong Digeftion,
opens the Obftruffions of the AVomb and provokes
the Terms, and rectifies the Defeffs of the Inltru-
ments of Generation, occafioned thro’ AVeakneft.
Dofe fo many drops as to give the Vehicle a plea-
fan t Acidity, and that three or four times a day or
more.

XXI. The Oily Tinffure. It is good againft all
cold and moift Dileales of the Head, Brain and
Nerves, as Head-achs, the Megrim, Vertigo, Apo-
plexy, Epileply, Convulfions, Pally, Rheumatick
Pains, Colicks, and other like Diftempers of thole
Parts. It is inwardly to be taken Morning and E-
vening from twelve drops to twenty four or thirty,
dropping it firft into Sugar, and mixing them welt
together •, then mixing them with a Glafs of AVine,
and fo drinking it oft'-, it powerfully opens Obftru-
Uions of the Womb, Reins, Ureters and Bladder,
prevails againft the Strangury, and expels Gravel,
Sand and tartarous Matter from the Urinary Parts.
Outwardly againft Pains and Aches, Convulfions and
Palfies, it is to be well anointed upon the Parts af-
fected Morning and Night.

XXII. The Saline Tinffure. Tho’ it provokes
Urine and opens ObftruCtions of Reins and Ureters,
yet it is moltly ufed againft Pains of the Gout, ex-
ternal AfFeCts and Defoedations of the Skin, fuch as
we have enumerated at SeCt. 18. aforegoing ^ for
which Purpofes the Parts affeCted are firft to be
bathed with warm AA'ater, to open the Pores of the
Skin ^ then being wiped dry with a Cloth, this Sa-
line TinCture is to be laid on, bathing the Parts well
with it twice or thrice a day, and letting it dry
on.

XXIII. The Spirit. It is highly Cordial, good
againft fainting and fwooning Fits, refills the Power
of malign Fevers, and the Poyfon of the Plague it
felf. Given in a little Poffet-drink, it drives out the
Meafles and Small-Pox powerfully, and fo fecures
the Life of the Patient. It is Angular alfo againft
Convulfions.

XXIV. The diflilled Oil from the whole Plant
dryed. It has all the Virtues of the liquid Juice,
( Elfence, TinCfures and Spirit, but is much more

powerful

Chap. 25 °* ‘EngUJh Her Is.

34

i

powerful than them all , and may be given to all
the fame Intentions, from eight drops to fixteen or
twenty, firft dropt into Sugar, and then mixt with
the Vehicle you defign to give it in, whether it be
Wine or any other fpecifick Liquor. It may be gi-
ven twice a day, viz. Morning and Evening ; but in
cafe of a Woman in Labor, or in any Fits, whether
of the Mother, Colick, Convuliions, Apoplexies or
Falling-ficknefs, it ought to be given at that mo-
ment of time.

XXV. Poteftates or Towers. They have all the
Virtues of the Juice, Efface, Tinftures, Spirit and
Oil exalted ; in which the Virtue and Efficacy of
the Plant is fo fubtilized, as that it penetrates mo-
mentarily into any Part they ate applied to , whe-
ther they be inwardly given or outwardly ufed.
Dofe is from one to two drams, and upon Extremi-
ty to three, mixed with a Glals of Wine, or any o-
ther fpecifick Vehicle.

XXVI. T he Elixir. This is the Powers elixi-
tated and brought yet to a greater degree of Effica-
cy in Operation ; being vehemently fubtil, and frill
much more exalted in their Virtues and Effetls. It
may be given inwardly from half a dram to a dram
and half or two drams ( according as the Necefiity
may require) in a Glafs of Wine or other fit Vehi-
cle, Morning and Night, or oftner, as you fee fit.

CHAP. CCL.

Of FETHERFEW Wild.

I.' ■ 'HE Names. It is called in Greeks n«f0L
X vmv mJlvlv, x} in Latin , Parthenium fyl-
iieftre, Matricaria agreftis , Febrifuge agria ; and in
Enghfh , Wild or Field Fetherfew.

Nahpd-flowred Fetherfew *

II. T be Kinds. This is the fecond Species of
Fetherfew , and is twofold, viz. i . Parthenium , vcl
Matricaria bullatis fioribus aureis , Naked Feiher-
few. 2. Parthenium , vel Matricaria grati odor is,
Matricaria altera Camerarii , Arthemejia tenuifolia
odorata Tabernmontani , Matricaria odor at a Bauhini ,
Sweet-fcented Fetherfew.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Naked Fc-
therfew, has a bujhy fibrous Root , like to the others ,
from whence Spring up Leaves and Stalks , Spread-
ing themf elves forth into tv any Branches , not at all
differing ffrom the former in Shape or Manner of
Growing. At the tops of the Stalks and Branches
grow the Flowers, not like the former ^ for this is
a Head of naked yellow Thrums, without any Pale
or Border of white Leaves, as are in the others,
which is the only thing by which this kind differs
from the other two, and for which Reafon it is cal-
led Naked Fetherfew.

Sweet-fcented. Wild Fetberfei

IV. The fecond, or Sweet-fcented Fetherfew, hoi
a bujhy fibrous Root , like the firft Common kind,
and in its Leaves, Stalks, Branching jorth and Flow-
ers, it differs not at all from the firft , being in all
things fo like, that there can no Difference lie per.
ceived between them, till you come to fmeUing to it,
and then you will find it to be of a more pleafant
and odoriferous Smell, which fo continues in the
kind, and is not altered, nor made fo by Art,, but is
the Work ofNature only ; nor vet degenerates from
this Excellency by any Accident or Caliialty what-
foever.

V. T be Places. The firft grows in Effex, and
was there found growing by one Mr. William Coys.
The fecond has been found Wild in many places of
England, (as well as the former naked kind.) Ca-
merarim afro fays, that it grows in an liland called
live, in the Levant Seas : but they are alfo ( both
of them) nurs’d up with us in our Gardens,

VI'. The 'Tniics. They Bower both of them in

June

i it:.',.

Salmon s ‘.Herb ah

June and July , and the Seed ripens in the mean
time.

VII. T he Qualities, Specification , P reparations
and. Virtues of both thefe, are the fame with the
two former in the Chapter juft aforegoing, fo that;
no more need be faid thereof in this place : but this
is to be noted. That thefe two Plants fall no ways
below the other two, in their Power, Force and
Efficacy.

CHAP. CCLI.

Of F E N N Y-S TONES,

o R,

MARS H-P ALMS.

I.^^p HE Nantes.

We know of no Greek Name
belonging to them : but in Latin they are
called, Serapias , vel Orchis palufiris , and Orchis
palmata palufiris: in Englijh , Fenny-fiones , and
Paln/eJ Fenny-fiones , or Mar fh-P alms.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral kinds of them,
as, i. Serapias vel Orchis palmata palufiris latijo-
lia , Fenny or Marfh handed Stones with broad
Leaves. 2. Serapias vel Orchis palmata palufiris
Leptophylla , Thin-leav’d Fenny or Marfh handed
Orchis or Stones. 3. Serapias vel Orchis palmata
palufiris loevifolia , Marfh or Fenny handed Orchis
fmooth-leav’d. 4. Serapias vel Orchis palmata pa-
lufiris maculata , Spotted Marfh or Fenny handed
Stones. 5. Serapias vel Orchis palmata palufiris
Dracontias , Marfh or Fenny Dragon handed Orchis
or Stones. 6. Palma Chrifti palufiris maxima , The
greateft Fenny handed Stones. 7. Palma Chrifii pa-
lufiris radice repent e , Creeping Fenny or M;
Palms.

long Divifions at the bottoms of the Hands -, the top
oj the Root is thick and knobby , divided into lingers ,
like thofe of Palma Chrifti, of which this may be
/'aid to be a kind. From this Root rife up thick,
fat and fpongy Stalks, fct with broad, lmooth, green
Leaves, like thofe of P Untune, but much longer-,
thele are growing in order upon the Stalk, even
from the bottom to the top or beginning of the
Spike of. Flowers, growing fmaller as they grow
higher, and appear nearer to the Spike. The Tuft
or Spike of Flowers is large, confifting of many fmall
hooded Flowers, of a lomewhat whitifh or pale
blulh color, fpotted within with deep purple Spots,
the backfides of which Flowers are of a Violet color
mixt with purple : and every Flower, at its riling
up from the Stalk, has a fmall greeniffi Leaf accom-
panying it.

IV. The fecond, or Thin-leav’d Fenny handed
Stones, has Roots exaflly like to thofe lafi defcribed •,
the Stalk is alfo like but it differs from the former
fomething in the Leaves , for in this Plant they are
fmaller, being neither fo broad nor yet fo long,
fometimes fpotted, but more ufually without •, nei-
ther is the fpiky Tuft of Flowers fo large or long,
tho’ they are thick fet, like the firft, nor has it fo
many green Leaves or long Leaves mixed with, or
growing between the Flowers, which are of a Violet
purple color, but not altogether of fo dark a purple
as the former are.

V. The third, or Fenny or Marfh handed Stones
fmooth-leav’d, has a handed and fingred Root , with
fome Strings adjoined to the upper parts of them, like
unto the two others : the Stalks are much alike : the
Leaves are like the lafi, but fmaller and narrower,
and without Spots : and the Flowers are of a whitifh
color, but more purely white ^ the Flowers and the
whole Plant being in Magnitude, Shape or Form,
and Manner of Growing, but little differing from
the others.

VI. The fourth , or Fenny or Marfh handed Stones
fpotted, has a Root fafhioned like a Hand, with fome
Strings fafined to the upper parts thereof : from the
Head of which Root rifes up a fair ftiff Stalk,
armed with large Leaves, very notably dafht with
blackifh Spots, clipping or embracing the Stalk
round about. At the top of the Stalk ftands a fair
Tuft or Spike of purple Flowers, with many green
Leaves mingled among the fame, which makes the
Bufh or Tutt much greater. The Seed is nothing
elfe but Duft, as it were, (like all the reft of the
kinds) and is contained in fmall twined Veffels,
which Veffels are not peculiar to this alone, but
common to moft of the other Orchides *

VII. The fifth, or Fenny or Marfh Dragon-handed
Stones, hatt cleft or divided Roots , like lingers,
much like unto the Roots of Palma Chrifti, of which
this is a kind -, and from this Root rifes up a Stalk
of a foot high, fet here and there with very fair
Lilly like Leaves, of a red color, and which do clip
or embrace the Stalks almoft round about, like the
Leaves of Thorow-wvx. At the top of the Stalk
grows a fair Buffi of very red Flowers, among
which Flowers do grow many fmall ffiarp-pointed
Leaves. The Seed is a thing hard or difficult. to be
obferved, being much like Duft, which is blown a-
way with the Wind.

VIII. The fixth , or Greateft Fenny handed Stones,
commonly called. Great Fenny or Marfh Palma Chri-
fti, has handed Roots, like to the others, from which
rifes up a large Stalk , fometimes to the height of
three feet : the Leaves are much like to thofe of the
former kinds of Fenny-fiones before defcribed ^ and
the Growing on a large fpiky Head are of an elegant
purple, with little Hoods, like the top of an Hel-
met ■, wffience Gemma called the Plant, Cynoforchis

[_ Conopfcea ,

\ConopftcagL nd Macrocaulosftotti its height.] Thefe
Flowers’ finell fweet, and are fucceeded by Seed,
like that of the reft of the Kindred.

IX. To thefe Gerard gives us another, which he
calls, Palma, Cbrifii ( paluftris ) rcdice repente ,
Creeping Fenny orMarlh Palm, or Creeping Palma
Chrifti : it has creeping Roots, without Te/lic/es ,
which are many and long , creeping far abroad in the
Ground , contrary to all the reft of the Orchides
which Roots are of the Bignejs of large Wheat Straws ,
in Subfiance like thofe of Soap-wort ; irom the
which do immediately rife four or five broad fmooth
Leaves, like unto Small Plantane Leaves : from a-
mong which fhoot up a fmall and tender Stalk, at
the top of which grows a pleafant fpiky Head of
Flowers, of a whitifh color, fpotted on the infide
with little bloody Specks, which leave Veflels con-
taining very fmall Seed.

X. The Places. They all of them grow in fenny
Grounds , or in marfh or moory Grounds, alfo in
lhadowy Woods or Groves which are watery and
marlhy, and often over-flowed with Water. The
fixth , or Great Pa/mi Chrifti , delights to grow in
Grounds of an indifferent Temper, not too moift
nor too dry. The feventh, or Creeping Palme , was
found by Mr. Robert Abbot of Bijhops Hatfield , in
a boggy Grove, where a Conduit-head does Hand,
which fends Water to the then Queens-houfe in the
fame Town. It alfo grows plentifully in Hampfhire ,
within a Mile of Petersfield , in a moift Meadow,
called Wood-mead , near the Path leading from Pe-
tersfield, toward Beryton.

XI. The Times. The firft flowers more early
than the Ordinary Orchis or Cynoforchis. The fe-
cond flowers after the former : but they all flower
from the latter end of April thro’ all May and June,
fome of them flowering more early, as the firft and
fecond kinds ; and otherfome more late.

XII. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations and
Virtues , are the fame with thofe of the Cynoforchis
or Dog-Jlones, which we have declared at large in
Chap. 226. aforegoing, fo that no more need be faid
thereof : yet this is to be noted. That thefe Fenny-
ftones are not of fo great Power and Force as are the
Cynoforchis , and feveral other kinds of the Orchides
or Tefticuli , of which we fpeak in their proper
places.

CHAP. CCLII.

Of FENNEL Common.

I. Names.

X Raienigi : in Greek , :

It is called by the Arabians,
w {jreek, ; in Lat in,

fceniculum •, and in Englijh , fennel.

II. The Kinds. There are four principal kinds

of fennel, viz. 1. fceniculum vulgar e, of which in
this Chapter. 2. fceniculum dulce , Sweet Fennel,
of which in Chap. 253. 3. fceniculum fylveftre ,

Wild Fennel, of which in Chap. 254. 4. Peuceda-
num , Hog or Sow Fennel, of which in Chap. 255.
following.

III. Of the Vulgar or Common Garden fennel ,
there are two forts, viz. 1. fceniculum majus vul-
gare , The greater common Garden Fennel. But
Cafalpinus calls it fceniculum fylveftre : Gamer ari us
in horto fays , that fome took it to be Hippomara-
thrum j but that was a Miftake, as we fhall Ihew in
Chap. 254. 2. fceniculum minus, fceniculum femine

IV. The Defcriptions. The firft , or Commcri
Garden Fennel, has a Root which is long and white ,
running down deep into the Ground ', fpreading it felf
out into feveral Branches : from this Root rife up
divers round ft iff Stalks, four or five feet high,
which fpread the mf elves out ( at tv any of their Joints)
into divers Branches of long Stalks, of fine, fmall,
long, fibrous Leaves, Jmelling fome what firong, but
not unpleafant : and at the tops, on feveral Branches,
there are Tufts or llmbles of fmall yellow Flowers,
which turn into fmall, long, roundilh-cornered,
bitterifh , greenifh Seed , two always together,
as in the other Umbelliferous Plants ^ which being
ripe, and once dryed, become of a fad grey color.
Of this Plant there are truely two forts, (tho’ one
Defcription does ferve them both •, ) the one wholly
with green Leaves 5 the other with reddilh Leaves,
or with reddilh green Leaves, they not differing one
from another in any thing elfe.

V. The fecond , or Small Fennel with (mallet
round Seed, in its Roots, Stalks and Leaves differs
not from the former, but only that they are every
way lefs, being much lower than it ■ and that the
Llmbles at the Heads of the Stalks are white, and
the Seed which follows is lefs than the ordinary
fort, being more like to Car urn or Caraway Seed";
the whole Plant, both in Smell and Tafte, and in
its Form and Manner of Growing, is the lame with
the other Common Garden kind.

VI. The Places. Thefe Plants grow in all hot
Countries, in Afa, Africa and America, and in lome
of the Weft India Illands, Yis laid, they feed their
Cows with it : but with us in England it grows on-
ly in Gardens.

VII. The Times. They flower in June, July and
Auguft, and the Seed is ripe not very long alter.

VIII. The Qualities. According to Galen, it is
hot in the third Degree, and dry in the firlf : it is
admirably Aperitive, Incifive, Anodyne, Carroma

Salmon’ s 'Herbal . Lib. L

3y44

tive, Digeftive, Difculfive, Suppurative and Truu-
matick ■, Neurotick., Stomatick, Pefloral and hy-
lderick •, Emmenagogick, Sudorifick, Alexipharmick,
Analeptick , Galeflogenetick and Spermatogene-
tick. . , ..

IX. The Specification. It is peculiar for healing
Ulcers in the Lungs, helping againft the Strangury,
and to open Obftrutlions of the Womb and all the
Urinary Paffages, {Lengthening the Tone of all thole
Parts.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
i. The whitned Leaves and Stalks. 2. A liquid
Juice. 3. An Ejjence. 4. A DecoSion of Leaves
and Root's. 5. A Syrup. 6 : A Ponder of the Seed.

7. An Oil by Inflation. 8. A half am of the Leaves
and Roots. 9. A Cataplafm of the Leaves. 1 o. A
dfiilled Water from the Herb or Seed. 1 1. A Spi-
rituous Tin flare of the Seed. 1 2. An AcidTinfturc
oj the fame. 1 3. An Oily Tinflure thereof 14 .A
Saline Tinflure of Herb , Root and Seed. 15. A
Spirit. 16. An Oil di f illed. 17. A Balfam. 18.
Pot eft at es or Powers. 19. An Elixir. 20. A fixed
Salt. 21. A Liquor of Fennel. 22. The Gum.

The Virtues.

XI. Tim whitned Leaves and Stalks. They are
whitned after the fame manner as you whiten Curl-
ed Endive , or Sallery or Smallage Stalks, &c. being
thus whitned, the Italians are laid to take great de-
light in eating them as a Sallet, for then they are
very tender, and pleafant to the Tafte : they com-
fort and warm a cold Stomach, help to digeit crude
iiegmatick Humors bred from vifeous Meats. Fen-
nel being thus eaten, it breeds Milk in Nurfes
Breafts, provokes Urine, and encreafes the Seed *
opens Obttruflions, expels Wind, and provokes U-
rine. The conftant eating of this whitned Fennel
for fome confiderable time, I have known to cure a
vehemently Linking Breath, and to make it as fweet
as theirs which never llnelt amifs.

XII. The liquid Juice. Mixt with a Glafs of
Wine or Ale, and fo taken by Nurfes, it encreafes
Milk in their Breafts, expels Wind, provokes Urine,
eafes the Pains of the Strangury and Stone, expel-
ling all the preternatural Matter in the Urinary
Parts. It is faid to break the Stone, more efpecial-
ly if it is made of a gritty Subftance. Dole three
or four fpoonfuls Morning, Noon and Night in any
fit Liquor.

XIII. The Efjence. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice -, befides which, it encreafes Seed, prevails a-
gainft the Colick, eafes the Torticns of the Bowels
or Griping of the Guts from acrid or fliarp Humors,
{Lengthens the Stomach, and caufes a good Digefti-
on. It opens all the Obftru&ions of Liver, Spleen
and Gall, and thereby much conduces to the Cure
of all fuch Difeafes as arife from thofe Caufes, as
windy Swellings of the Spleen, Hepatick-fiux, Yel-
low Jaundice. Being dropt into the Eyes, it cures
almolt all Difeafes affecting that Part. It opens
Obftruftions of the Womb, and provokes the Cour-
fes effectually. Dole three or four fpoonfuls.

XIV. The Decoflion of the Leaves and Roots , or
Seeds jn Wine. Tho’ this has not altogether fo much
Force as the Juice and Effence, yet it is very good
for all the fame Intentions, and is much more ufed
than either of them, becaufe it is pleafanter •, but
then it muft be taken in a much greater Dofe. It is
an excellent thing to open all ObftruClions in the
whole Body, to cleaDfe the Blood, to ftop the Hic-
cough, and take away Naufeating, to provoke U-
rine and the Menftrues , to amend the ill Color in
the Face after a long Sicknels, and to caufe a good
Habit thro5 the whole Body. If fuch as are grown

over tat lhoukl often drink of it, it would leffen
their Fat, abate their Flefh, and much remove their
Unweldinefs, making them more nimble, agil and
pleafant.

XV. The Syrup. It is one of the greateft of Pe
florals ; for as it is a powerful Opener of Obllrutti-
ons of the Lungs, and Diifolver of their Tartar, fo
it iamoufly caufes Expectoration , and gives eafe
in Atthma’s, Coughs, Colds, Hoarfenefs, Wheez-
ing, Shortnefs of Breath, Difficulty of Breathing,
and other like DiffaffeClions of thofe Parts. If here-
with you fweeten well either the Juice, Effence or
Decoflion, and let the Patient take two or three
ounces three or four times a day, it cures Ulcers of
the Lungs,or any Sournefs of the Stomach, and much
reflores in Confumptions : in which laft cafe it is
good for the Patient to ufe a Milk-Diet, and to
drink a quart of Milk warm from the Cow, well
fweetned with this Syrup, every Morning falling •,
as much Milk fo fweetned at Eleven before Noon •,
another quart at Five in the Afternoon ^ and laftly,
another quart at Bed-time in like manner. If the
Patient cannot drink a whole quart, let him drink
as much as he can ^ and continue this Courfe for
ieveral Weeks, or till he recovers * by this Method
I have known feveral perfectly reltored out of very
deep Confumptions.

XVI. The Ponder of the Seed. It (Lengthens the
Stomach, gives eafe in the Colick, opens Obftrufli-
ons, and helps Shortnefs of Breath. You may give
it Morning and Evening from half a dram to two
drams in any convenient Vehicle. The conftant Ufe
of it wonderfully (Lengthens the Sight.

XVII. The Oil by Infolaiion or Boiling. It is A-
nodyne, and eafes all forts of Pains in any Part of
the Body , coming from a cold and moift Caufe.
It gives eafe alfo in Inflammations, by gently dif-
cuffing fome part of the thinner Matter. If it is an
Apoftem, which will come to Suppuration, it ba-
ttens it, and brings it as much as may be to a point.
It eafes the Gout and other Pains of the Joints and
Nerves.

XVIII. The half am of the Leaves and Roots. It
is one of the greateft of Vulneraries, and cures Am-
ple Wounds at one Intention, for the moft part at
one Drelhng. I am apt to believe, that this Balfam,
for the Curing of Wounds and Ulcers, 0V. is not
inferior to any Balfam made of the greateft Wound-
Herbs, as Sanicle, Self heal ', Clowns Wound-wort, All-
heal, &c. It digefts fordid and eating Ulcers, clean-
fes, incarnates, dries and heals after a very admira-
ble manner.

XIX. The Cataplafm. It gives prefent eafe in the
Gout, being applied, as alfo difculfes and heals any
fimple Contufions * and applied as hot as can be en-
dured to the Sides or Hypochonders, it eafes the
Pains of the Sides, takes away Stitches, and gives
Relief to the Diflempers of the Spleen and Parts
adjacent.

XX. The dfiilled Water. It is of good Ufe, as
a Vehicle, to convey other Preparations of this Planr
in, and has all the Virtues of the aforegoing Prepa-
rations, but in a much lower degree : it is ufed to
be dropt into the Eyes againft Ophthalmies or In-
flammations and Blood-fhot, as alfo againft hot and
fharp Rheums, with which the Eyes are commonly
afflicted, which caufes Clouds, Filins, Pearls, &c. to
breed in them * but it is better for all thofe Pur-
pofes, if white Sugar-Candy or clarified Honey be
diffolved therein ; then if ulcerated, it cleanfes the
Ulcer or Sore, prevents the Afflux of Rheum, dries
and heals them.

XXL The Spirituous Tinflure of the Seed. It is
famous againft Pains, Aches and Sicknefs of the
Stomach, Pains of the Spleen and Womb it gives

eafe

Chap. 252. ‘Englifl) Herbs, 145

eafe in the Colick, and prevails againft the Yellow
Jaundice. You may take from two drams to four
in a Glafs of White Port Wine, at time of Extre-
mity, otherwife Morning and Night, fo long as Need
requires. Bathed upon places affeQed with the
Gout or Sciatica, Cramps or Convulfions, in a fhort
time it gives Eafe and Relief

XXII. T be Acid Tinfturc. It cures preternatu-
ral Vomitings, Naufeating of Food, want of Appe-
tite and Digeftion, the Colick and the Gout, when
by confent it affliffs the Stomach ; it warms and
wonderfully corroborates that Bowel, reftoring and
ftrengthening its Tone, tho’ very much depraved.
It is powerful againft the Bitings of mad Dogs, Vi-
pers, Rattle-Snakes, and all other Serpents and ve-
nomous Creatures whatfoever : and alter a Angular
manner prevails againft Afthma’s , and all forts of
Obftruftions of the Lungs, inciding, dilfolving and
caufing an Excretion of the tartarous Matter affect-
ing them. Dofe fo many drops as to make the Ve-
hicle gratefully pleafant in all the Patient drinks.

XXIII. The Oily TinQure. It prevails againft
Cramps and Convulfions of the Nerves •, is power-
ful againft the Colick, and all Obftruftions of the
Reins, Ureters and Bladder, whatfoever; breaking
any gritty Stone in thofe Parts, and caufing it, as
alio Sand, Gravel and tartarous Matter to be ex-
pelled by Urine. Bathed upon the Back-bone, and
upon the Parts affefted with the Palfy, it is very ef-
fectual in the Care of that Difeafe , but then you
muft anoint therewith Morning and Night,, rubbing
it very well in for a confiderable time. It gives
prefere eafe in the Gout and Sciatica proceeding
from a cold Caufe , and by a conftant Application
thereof many times cures thofe Difeafes. Inwardly,
to give Relief againft Stone and Strangury, you may
take from ten drops to thirty in any fir Vehicle.

XXIV. The Saline TinQure. It is good againft
Strangury, Stone and Gravel, being given a dram or
more at a time in White Lisbon Wine. Outwardly
bathed upon Parts affe&ed with Herpes, Tettars,
Ringworms, Pimples, Rednefs, Yellownefs, Taw-
ninefs, Blacknels or Blewnefs of the Skin, as alfo
Scurff, Morphew, Scabs, Leprofy, Freckles, Len-
tils, f Qc. it quickly takes them away and cures them,
being ufed two or three-times a day.

XXV. The Spirit from the Seed, or Juice fer-
mented. It is a Angular Stomatick and Cordial, it
refrefhes, comforts and llrengthens the Stomach af-
ter an admirable manner, taking away Vomiting,
Naufeating, want of Appetite and Indigeftion, Cjc.
It chears the Heart, revives the Spirits, fortifies the
whole Habit, and makes the Body able to withftand
Difeafes. It Angularly expels Wind, and gives eafe
in all griping Pains in the Stomach or other Vifcera.
It may be taken to one fpoonful or two , either a-
lone of it felf ( being dulcified ) or rriixc with a Glafs
of Wine, every Morning falling.

XXVI. The Oil diftilled out of the Seed. It has
all the Virtues of the Juice, Eflence, DecoCtion, Sy-
rup, Pouder, TinClures and Spirit, and much ex-
ceeds them all in its Potency and Might of its Ope-
ration. It may be given from lour drops to twelve,
fixteen or twenty, according to the Age, and as the
Necefiity of the Occafion may require. In the ufing
of it, drop it firft into white Sugar, and mix them
well together ; then mingle all iu a Glafs of Wine,
and fo drink it off. This may be done Morning and
Evening, or at the time of any Paroxyfm, fo long
as you fee need. Outwardly anointed upon the
Wound or Puncture of a Nerve, it gives immediate
Eafe and Relief'; anointed down the Back-bone, and
upon the Parts affetled with a Paralyfis Morning and
Evening, it wonderfully reftores the Paraly tick Parts,
and in a little time after compleats the Cure.

XXVII. The Be [Jam. This Balfam is twofold, i.
Balfamum Fceniculi Vttlnerarium. It is thus made :
Take of Balfam Capivi three ounces , Balfam of Peru,
Beef -f net, of each an ounce and half Cbymical Oil
of fennel-feed one ounce , fine Bees-wax half an ounce :
melt , mix, and make a Balfam. It is one of the bell
of Balfams for green Wounds, efpecially thofe of
the Nerves and Tendons, and commonly cures Am-
ple green Wounds at once Drefiing. 2. Balfamum
Peftorale. It is thus made : Take choice Oil of Nut-
megs by Exprejfion four ounces , Balfam of Tolu ,
Chymical Oil of Fennel-feed, of each one ounce, Bal-
fam of Peru and Capivi, of each half an ounce ; melt,
mix, and make a Balfam. It is an excellent PeCto-
ral ; and being taken to the quantity of a Nutmeg
at a time, it not only helps againft Colds, Coughs,
Catarrhs, Hoarfenefs, Wheezing, Shortnefs of Breath
and Difficulty of Breathing, but alfo cures UlcerS
in the Lungs. It may be taken Morning and Even-
ing. It alfo heals, by outward Application, Wounds
of the Nerves and Tendons, and eafes and takes a-
way any Ach or Pain proceeding from a cold Caufe,
in any Part of the Body, being anointed upon the
Parts affected Morning and Evening.

XXVlll. The Porejiates or Powers. They have
all the Virtues of Juice, Eflence, Decoction,
TinCtures, Spirit and Oil, and are alfo more vola-
tile and fubtil than any of them ; for which Reafon
they more, effectually pierce any Part they are ap-
plied to. Inwardly you may give from one dram
to three in any fpectfick Vehicle. Outwardly you
may bathe any pained, numbed or Earalytick Part
with the fame twice a day, rubbing the fame weli
in.

XXIX. The Elixir. As this is the Powers Hill
more fortified, fo it is more efficacious in Operati-
on, and may be given to all the Intentions and Pur-
pofes for which the Potellates are given. You may-
give from one dram to two in a Glafs of Wine,
Morning and Evening ; and in cafe of a Paroxyfm
or any great Necefiity, at the fame time. It is one
of the greateft of all PeCtorals, and therefore profi-
table againft all Difeafes of the Lungs from a cold
and moift Caufe ; and being given in a moll vehe-
ment Colick, it gives immediate Eafe ; provokes
Urine, and prevails againft the Strangury.

XXX. The fixed Salt. It admirably abforbs A-
cids ih the Stomach and Lungs, dellroys the Tartar
of the Lungs, Reins, Bladder and Joints, and there-
fore prevails againlt all liich Difeafes as proceed
from that Caufe. It is alfo peculiar in opening all
ObltruClions of the Vifcera, and in particular thofe
of the Womb. Dofe from ten grains ro a fcruple
or more in any fit Liquor.

XXXI. The Liquor of Fennel. It is made two
ways : 1. Take the green Stalks of Fennel towards
the end of Summer, and whilll green put one or
their ends into the Fire, whicii hold there lor a lit-
tle while, fo will a certain Liquor drop out there-
from at the other end, which receive and keep for
Ufe. It is a very good thing for the Eyes, for it
Hops any Rheum or Defluxion, heals Blood-ffior,
and clears the Sight from any Mills, Clouds or
Films. 2. Cut a hole in a green Fennel Stalk as it
grows, about a foot or more from the Ground, near
the upper part of the Joint, and pur thereinto white
Sugar-Candy in fine pouder, as much as it will hold,
then Hop it clofe up with Wax, and Leather tied
over it, fo as no Rain or Wet may fall into it:
when it has remained three or four days or more,
place a good piece of foft Wax a little below the
lower Joint of the fame Internode, fo formed as that
it may make a little hollow Gutter ; and a little a -
bove this Gutter, at the lower part of the Joint, cut
another hole, lo will a Liquor dilfit therefrom ,

Y f whicM

346

Salmon / Herbal. Lib. I.

which, by means of the Gutter, you may receive in
aVeffel, which keep for Ufe. This has all the Vir-
tues of the former, and full as beneficial for lore,
blood-fhot, dim, cloudy and blemilhed Eyes as the
orher, being dropt into them three, four, five or lnt
times a day, as you fee need requires. .,

XXXII. T he Gum of fennel, or its Infpfiate
Juice. It has all the Virtues of the liquid 1 utce,
and may be given from one dram to two, dfftolved
in any fpecifick Liquor or Wine. IF
Juice is diffolved in fome of the diftilled Water,
and fweetned a little with white Sugar-Candy, and
it is given to Nurfes to drink, it breeds much Milk
in their Breafts i and if it is dropt into the Eyes it
very much clears the Eyes from Clouds, Milts
Films Blood-lhot , and other like Matters which
obfiifcate the Sight. In Southern Climes and very
hot Countries, if Fra«/-Stalks are wounded whillt
they are green and growing, the JuiGe will exludate
and become this natural Gum : but in our cold
Countries, it yields not to this Operation ; ttae-
fore we are obliged to make the Juice by Exprem-
on ; and then to infpiflate it by a gentle Evaporati-
on on a Sand Heat, till it is petfeflly dry.

CHAP. CCLIII.
Of FENNEL Sweet.

It is called in Greek , thiakes’
” ’ ' iulce Matthi-
and in Eng-

I.TT'ffE Names. - - ~

1 yMurfv : in Latin , fttmculum iulce Jhattht

------

oil , Ft eniculum vulgare Lugdunenjts
lijh , Sweet fennel.

II, T he Kinds. It is the fecond general Species
of the fennels -, but differs in Sweetnefs according
to the Country in which it grows.

III. The Defcriptions. This in its Roots , Stalks,
Leaves , flowers and Manner of Growing , is per-
fectly like our Common Fennel , excepting that it
neither in foreign Climates, where it grows natural-
ly, nor yet here with us in England, does grow fo
large, or rife to Jo great a height as the Common
large Garden kind does : and with m it with J'otne
difficulty endures the Hardnefs of our Winters : but
the Seed of this is much larger and longer than that
of the Common kind, yellower, and very much
Tweeter in Tafte, coming near to the Sweetnefs of
Anifeed , which fo continues in hot Countries, but
holds not out any long time to that Perfe&ion ; nei-
ther as to its Magnitude, Color or Sweetnefs ; but
decaying yearly , does at the third Years Sowing
yield as ordinary Seed as the Common kind.

IV. Kota.t. From this you may obferve, that
it is the Clime and change of Soil which caufes this
Alteration, making it either larger or fmaller, long-
er or (horter, yellower or paler colored, and makes
it to be either fweeter or bitterer in Tafte ; which
Change of Accidents has made fome think, that
there were divers forts of this Sweet kind, whereas
indeed there is no more than one.

V. Nota. 2. There is a kind of fennel, which
the Italians call Carduus fennel, and which they
would make different from this Sweet kind -, but it
is no fuch thing, for it is only the Art of ordering
it, which feemingly makes the Difference from this
Sweet, which is done by Tranfplanting and Whi-
tening it, by which means the Leaves are made to
grow much more thick and bulhing together than
the Ordinary ■, the Whitning of it alfo giving it a
fweeter Rellilh, a pleafanter Tafte, and a (hotter
Crifpnefs in eating.

VI. T he V laces. It grows univerfally in almoft
all hot Countries ; and ftourifhes well enough in
our Gardens, being fown with Foreign Seed every
Year, where the Seed it felf comes to Perfeaion ;
but you ought to low every Year new Foreign Seed,
not the Seed of the Englifh Produ&ion, becaufe that
is very apt to degenerate.

VII. The Times. It flowers and feeds with us in
July and Augufl, and if it is an early and warm
Spring, towards the latter end of June and the
Seed is ripe in Augufl or September.

VIII. The Qualities, Specification, P reparations
and Virtues of this, are the fame with the Common
fennel in the former Chapter, faving that this is ac-
counted the more excellent and efficacious of the
two ; and therefore to the Difcourfe and Sections of
the former Chapter I fhall wholly referr you.

CHAP. CCLIV.

Of FENNEL Wild,

o R,

HORS E-F E N NE L.

I. rT"v H E Names. It is called in Greek, M .gfei
1 Spur, % ■hrm,ud&rtc‘>r ■ in Latin, Marathrum
agrefiis, fxmculum fylveftre, hippomarathron ; and
in Englifh , Wild fennel, and horfe fennel.

11. T be Kinds. It is the third Species of fennel,
and is threefold, viz. t. fceniculum fylveftre com-
munis, fteniculum erraticttm Matthio/i, The vulgar

or

Chap. 255. UngUJb Herbs.

347

or common Wild Fennel. 2. Tceniculum fylveftre
Creticum , Hippomarathrum Creticum , Honorii Belli ,
R latcc amino Crcticorum , Great or Horfe Fennel of
Candy. 3. Hippomarathrum fpbarocephalum , Great
round-headed Horfe Fennel. Anguillara fuppofes
the fivft of thefe to be Hippomarathrum verum. '

HorfeHenml

HI. The Defcriptions. Tfo Jirft , at Common
Wild Fennel, to* ^ R00/ like to the Common Gar-
den kind, and grows up with great Stalks , but few-
er than it , having alfo but few Leaves , and thofe
very thinly fet thereon , but fomewhat Jtijfer or hard-
er in handling , andfhorter alfo. At the tops of the
Stalks grow fmall Umbles of yellow Flowers, not
much unlike the Common , laving that they are leffer,
which being pafs’d away, the Seed follows, being
fmall and a little roundifh.

IV. The fecond , 0/- Great Horfe Fennel, to a
great whitifh Root , not much unlike the former ,
whence Springs up a round , but crefied Stalk , /to*,
/iw five high, about the Thicknefs of ones
middle Unger or Thumbs having very fine Leaves
thereon , but Jhorter than the Ordinary fort. This
Stalk is divided into feveral Branches, bearing at
their tops Tufts or Umbles of yellow Flowers,
which being pafs’d away, there comes in their
places great, large, and almoft round Seed. This
is the Plant which Bellus makes mention of in his
hrft Epiftle to Clufius , which is extant in the end
of his Hiftory of Plants, whofe Seed, as he there
fays, is as large as thofe of Cachrys or Canchrys ,
Herb Frankincenfe, nearly as big as Hordea Decor-
ticate, or Hull’d Barley.

V. The third, or Great round-headed Horfe Fen-
nel, has a Root which is long and white , and endures
many Tears • from whence rife up large Stalks, four
or five feet high , with Fennel like Leaves, and
Spreading them] elves forth towards the tops into ma-
ny Branches. At the tops of which Branches grow
round, Globe like Umbles of Flowers, of a purplifh
Violet color •, which being pafs’d away, there comes
in their places large fennel like Seeds, but of a very

ftrong Smell, almoft ttinking. This Plant is taken
notice of by Alpinus libro de Exoticis.

VI. T be P luces. They all grow naturally in hot
places, as Turkey , Barbary , Spain, Italy , Sc. The
firft was brought to us out of Spain by Boel ; and
the reft grow well in our Gardens, being railed from
the Seed brought to us out of their native Coun*
tries.

V II. The Times. They all flower in the end of
Summer and beginning of Autumn, as in July , Att-
guft and September ; and the Seed is ripe not verv
long after.

VIII. The Vitalities, Specification , Preparations
and Virtues of aft thefe, are the fame in aft refpeSs
with thofe of our Common hng/ijh Garden fennel in
Chap. 2ya. aforegoing; lo that nothing more need
be laid of them. Authors fay, that thefe Wild fen-
nels are hotter and ftronger than the Common Garden
or Sweet fennel, and therefore more powerful a-
gainft the Stone ; bur not fo effectual to encreale
Milk in Nurfes Breafts, becaule dryer in Quality.
Bellus lays, that in Candia they uie the Seed of the
fecond fort to Dye their Hair yellow.

CHAP. CCLV.

Of FENNEL Hogs,

0 R,

SULPHUR-WORT.

I- E a E Names. It is called in Arabic ft, Harbi-
X turn : in Greek , ihujAax©- : in Latin , fte-
niculum Porcinum , Peuceianm and Peitcedanum 5
by Apule'ws , Pinajiellns , ( I fuppofe from its Pitchy
Smell ; ) and in Eng/ijh , Hogs fennel , Sow fennel \
Hoar-Jirange and Sulphur-wort.

\

Salmon s 'Herbal- Lib. I.

il. I he Hulls. Anchors make generally three
kinds of this Plant, viz. i. Peucedanum vulgare,
Peucedanum Germanic urn Baubini , Peucedanum Tra-
gi _ pufchii , Todonxi , £>’ aliorum Feeniculum Porci-
n;:m , Gw/c/u Porcin.i Tabernmontani , Common or
Ordinary Hogs Fennel. 2. Pcuccdanum Matthioh ,
Anguillatx & aliorum , Pcuccdanum inajus , G »<*-
7//r Italicum Lobe/ii & Litgduncnfis , The gieater
Hogs Fennel. 3. Peucedanum minus, Peucedanum
facie perpufilla Lobe Hi , Peucedanum Pannonicum
C/ufii , Small Hogs Fennel : this both Bauhinm and
G/u fins fuppofe to be the Saxifraga Jecunda Mat-
tbioli.

III. The Defcriptions. Tfte /&;/?, Common

Hogs Fennel, R»f /Airf and long-, fometimes

almofl at large or thick at a Marts 1 high, black
without and white within, of a jlrottg and fulfhure-
om Smell, and full of a yellow Sap or Milk, which
being ext railed, quickly grows hard and dry. Swel-
ling not much unlike to Sulphur or Brimft one, which
induced fome to call it Sulphur-wort, having alfo at
the top, towards the upper Face of the Farth, a
certain 8u(h of Hair, of a brown color ; from a-
mong which the Leaves and Stalks do fpring up.
From this Root then, fprings up a ftiff and hard
Sulk, full of Knees, Knots or Joints, befet with
Leaves, like to fennel, but greater, coming nearer
to ferula, or rather like to the Leaves of the Wild
f ine-tree, ( from whence, as alfo from the Smell,
might come the Name finaflellm.) At the tops of
the Stalks grow round fpoky Tufts, full of little
yellow Flowers ; which being pafs’d away, do turn
into broad brown Seed.

IV. The fecortd, or Great Hogs Fennel, hat afoot
growing great and deep into the Earth , with many
other Branches and fibres about them , having a
flrong Swell, like hot or melted Sulphur, which be-
ing cut, yields forth a yellowifh Milk or clammy
Juice, a/moft like to a Gum. From the Head of this
Root proceeds feveral long branched Stalks, of thick
and fomewhat long Leaves, three for the moft part
joined together at a place 5 among which rifes up a
crefled Scalk, ftrait, and near as thick as a Common
fennel Stalk, with fome Joints thereon, and Leaves
growing thereat towards the top of which it fpreads
it felf out into feveral Branches, and on the tops of
the Stalk and Branches,g;ow feveral Tufts of yellow
Flowers, which being pafs’d away,^ there comes
fomewhat flat, thin and yellowifh Seed, twice as
large as Pennel Seed.

V. The third, or Small Hogs Fennel, which is the
Dwarf kind, has a Root about the Bignefs or T kick-
nefs of a Man's Thumb, fome times greater, fome-
times lejjer, with a Bufh of Hairs at the top , black-
i fh or brownifh on the out fide and wbitifh within,
with a thick Bark, of a pleafant fweet Tafte atfirfl,
and afterwards fharp : the whole Plant is lefs than
the firft kind before deferibed, having fmaller and
fhorter Leaves, of a blewiih green color, of a little
bitter Talte, but almoft of no Smell. The Stalk is
Tender and round, about half a yard high, which
fpreads it felf into feveral Branches, at the tops of
which grow ffnall Tufts of white Flowers in an
ilmbie which being pafs’d away, there lucceeds
thick fliort Seed , almoft like Par fey Seed, but of
an Afh color, and of a bitter fharp Tafte.

VI. The P/aces. The firft grows in many places
of this Kingdom, as in the fait low Marfhes near
F everfham in Kent, and in the Meadows adjoining,
where it is found plentifully •, alfo on the South fide
of a Wood belonging to Waltham ■, at the Nafe in
Ejfex, by the Highway fide ^ alfo at Wbitftable in
Kent, in a Meadow near to the Sea fide, fome time

belonging to Sir Henry Crifp , and adjoining to his
Houfe there. The fecond grows upon the Sea Coafts
of Italy, Spain and Prance, and is only found with
us in Gardens. The third was found on Vincent' s-
Rock by Brifiol, where Lobe l gathered it, and fome
others : as to this third kind, Gerard fays, that it
grows not above a foot high , and Is in Shape and
Leaves like to the True Peucedanum, or cur firfi
kind: but Jobnfon (the fucceifive Author of that
Herbal ) fays the Stalk is about half a foot high , di-
vided into f undry Branches, crefied, broad, bearing
at their tops little Umbles of white Flowers , confifiing
of five Leaves apiece. The Reafon for thefe vari-
ous Differences, as to the Height of the Stalk or
Plant, I fuppofe mult be from the Variety of the
places where it grows , and from the Richnefs or
Poverty of the Soil, which makes many Plants dif-
fer in that Refpeft, making one and the fame Herb
to be fometimes greater, fometimes leffer.

TenntlL

VII. The Times. They all flower in the end of
Summer, viz. in July and Auguft, and the Seed is
ripe foon after.

VIII. The Vitalities. Hogs Pennel is hot in the
fecond Degree and dry in the third : it is Attraflive,
Aftringent, Cleanfing, Anodyne, Carminative and
Traumatick or Vulnerary -, Cephalick, Neurotick,
Pecloral , Hyfterick and Arthritick ; Cathartick,
Ptarmick and Alexipharmick.

IX. The Specification. It is Angular good againft
Afthma’s, Strangury, Fits of the Mother, and Ob-
ftruflions of the Spleen.

X. The Preparations. You may have ther&from,
1. A liquid Juice of the Root. 2. An Infpiffate
Juice. 3. A Decoflion of the Root in Wine or Wa-
ter. 4. A Pouder of the Root. 7. A Cataplafm.
6. A Balfam. 7. A Spirituous Tinflure. 8. An
Acid Tintture. 9, An Oily Tintlure .

The Virtues.

XI. The liquid Juice of the Root. If it is mixed
with a little Vinegar and Rofewater, or with a lit-
tle Euphorbium in fine pouder, it makes a good Er-

Chap. 256. Engl ifh Herbs.

rhine to purge the Head of pituitous_, cold and moilt
Humors, and lb does good to thole who are trou-
bled with the Megrim, long and inveterate Head-
achs. Vertigo, Lethargy, Epilepfy, Apoplexy, Phren-
fy, Madnefs, Pally, and moll: other Diieafes of the
Nerves and Tendons. Given to two or three fpoon-
1 uls in a Glafs of White Lisbon, it purges the Belly
gently, expels Wind, diiculTes the Hardnefs of the
Spleen, and eafes the After-pains of Women in
Child-bed.

XII. The Infpijfate Juice. It has all the Virtues
of the Liquid, being dilfolved in Wine or Water,
and ul'ed in the fame manner : dilfolved in Wine
and dropped into the Ears, it eafes the Pains in
them, and put into an hollow Tooth, it eafes the
Pain thereof : dilfolved in Water, and given to fucli
as are troubled with Vapors or Fits of the Mother,
it cures them : dilfolved in Wine to rhe Thicknefs
of Turpentine, it cures the Ruptures of Childrens
Navels when they Hick forth, being applied with
good Bandage : and given to one or two drams, dil-
folved in White Lisbon or Port Wine, it provokes
the Terms in Women, and facilitates the Birth,
brings forth both Child and After-birth.

XIII. The DecoBion of the Root in White Lisbon
or Port Wine. It has all the Virtues of the liquid
and infpilfate Juices, but in a much lefs degree of
Efficacy : fweetned with Honey or Sugar-Candy, it
is good for Coughs, Colds, Catarrhs, Alihma’s,
Shortnefs of Breath and Difficulty of Breathing, ex-
pels Wind, and gives eafe in the Colick. Dofe four,
fix or eight ounces three or four times a day. It is
a good Lotion to walh moift running Sores withal,
for it cleanfes and dries them, ftrengthens the Part,
and induces the Healing.

XIV. The Pouder of the Root. Being put into in-
veterate and foul Ulcers, running Sores, and fuch
like of difficult Cure, it cleanfes them throughly,
removes any Splinters of broken Bones, or other
things in the Flelh, ftrengthens the Part admirably
againft Defluxions, dries them, induces their Cica-
trizing, and perfe&Iy heals them ; and therefore is
alfo of extraordinary Ufe to be put into fuch Oint-
ments and Ball'ams as are Vulnerary, and applied to
the Cure of ftubborn and rebellious Ulcers, Fiftula’s,
and the like. This Pouder being taken to a dram
or more, mixed with the Seed of Garden Rue
half a dram, and taken in Wine and Water mixt,
or in Water alone, it allays Vapors from the Spleen
and Womb, and cures Fits of the Mother.

XV. The Cataplafm. It is good to be applied to
the Bitings of mad Dogs, Vipers, Rattle-Snakes,
and other Serpents and venomous Creatures -, for by
its powerful attraUive Force, it draws forth all the
Venom and Poyfon from the Part, and fecures the
Life of the Patient : but this is to be underftood,
that it mull be made of the green Root beaten to a’
Pulp, and it will be fo much the better, if half the
quantity of Garlick be added to it, and alfo that it
be applied to the Wound whilft it is recent, or pre-
lently after it is made. This Cataplafm draws forth
likewile Thorns, Splinters, and fuch like things
which are got into and flick in the Flelh ; and it
is good againft Pains and Aches of the Joints, or a-
ny other Parts, proceeding from Cold and Moi-
fture.

XVI. The Balfam. It is good for cleanfing, dry-

ing and healing of old Sores, putrid and feetid Ul-
cers, and the like, in any Part of the Body. It is
an excellent thing againft the Sciatica and Gout
whether in Hands, Arms, Legs or Feet 5 and gives
eafe in any other Pain, as alio in Tumors or Swel-
lings, bringing Apoltems to Suppuration in a little
time; it warms, comforts and ftrengthens any Part
debilitated thro5 Cold, or a Flux of Humors upon j
the fame. J

X\ni The Sp, muons TmBure of the Root. Ir
powerfully warms and comforts a cold Stomach
cleanfes and mcalidares rhe Womb, facilitates the
birth, and brings both it and the After-birth away
It is good againft fainting and fwoonine Fits and

anrlC°T^andm0A7Diferapers of the Head, Brain
and Nerves as Vertigo’s, Apoplexies, Ep leplie
Lethargies Convulfions, Palfies, and the like being

Seddy 'nor f°d outwurdlF applied to the Parr°s
altetted. Dole from one to two drams in fome
fpecihck Vehicle Morning and Night.

„ c,dT'”B"re. It cures Naufeouf

nefs and Vomiting, and fo abfolutely ftrengthens a
weak Stomach, that there are for that purpofe but
tew things better. It is a lingular thing to Lprefs
lapors and the Fits of the Mother, expels Wind
and g’ves eafe in the Colick. Bathed upon places
affected with the Gout for fome time, it abfolutely
“.“fes a g00ti Appetite and a ftrona
Digeftion, refhfies the Difcrafy of the Blood and
Humors, purifies them, and abfolutely cures the
Scurvy whether m a hot or cold Habir of Body
Dole fo many drops at a time as may make a

° yiy1 01 Ale Pkaftntly acid.

XiX. The Oily TmBure. it ernes Difeafes of the
extream Parts arifing from Cold and Moilture
ftrengthens the Nerves and Tendons, being anointed
upon the Parts afteaed and is a truly noble tiling
againft Convulfions and Palfies. It opens Obftru-
aons of the Reins, and cleanfes rhe Ureters and
Bladder ftom Stones, Gravel, Sand and rartarous or
vifcous Matter adhering to them, and gives prefent
Relief in the Strangury : it alfo repreffes the 1 its
of Agnes being given in fome fit Vehicle two hours
before the coming of the Fit. Dole from ten to
twenty drops or more in a Glafs of generous Wine,
being firft well mixt with white Sugar and that
Morning and Night. ° c

CHAP. CCLVI.

Of FENUGREEK Garden,

1 T *{E Names. It is called in Arabick, Olba
» hebbe and Helbe : in Greek , T b.u by Diof-
conies ; Theophrafii , a Cornu fimilitudine

Jive Jit Capri vel Bovis , the crooked Seed-Vellels
being fo like to their Horns ; 4 Hip-

pocratu : m Latin, Ixnumgr cecum , hvmun Gnecun:
tor that Columella lib. 2. cap. 1 1 . lays the Greeks had
two times of fowing it, the one before Winter to
be Fodder for their Cartel, the ocher in February
for Seed ; for which Reafon he calls ir, Siliqui\
Pliny calls it, Si/icia ^ and 1 arro, Sihcula : in tlng-
lijh we call it, Pccnugreek , which is as much as to
fay, Greek hay.

II. The Kinds. They are principally two viz
r. Pcenumgrcecum fativum. Garden Fcenugreek of
which in this Chapter. 2. Potnumgnccum Jylve]be
Wild Fcenugreek, of which in the next. J

III. The Defcnption. It has a Root which is
Jmall, andmadeoj many Fibres, perijhing every Tear
after it has perfeBed its Seed, before Winter : from
this Root fpnng forth fometimes but one , fometimet
two or three long, Jlender, trailing, holloa, green
Stalks which fpread themfelves out into Jeveral
Branches on which do grow , at Jeveral /paces, ma *>
ny Leaves almoft like thofe of fo,? Meadow Trefoil,
but rounder and lejjer , green on the upper fide , bu t

tending

Salmon

s

Lib. L

tending to anAJh color or grey on the lower fide ■
they are always three fet together on a hot JIM
mojl round at the emit, an] a /title dented about ■
L\bre From the Joints of the Stalks, with theie
Leaves, come forth (mail white Flowers, iwwtt
unlike to Pea/e Blooms, but much left ; which be-
ta* pal's' d away, after them, follow long, flender
,i uioiv, ffattilh, crooked Cods or Horns, fma l or
(harp pointed, in which are : contmned imall une-
ven cornered Seeds, of a yellowifh color ; which
being dryed, have indeed a pretty ftrong Smell, but
not unpleafant.

IV. The Places. It grows almoft in all parts of
the World : in Foreign Countries they low whole
Fields of it, for Fodder for their Cartel-, but with
us it is only fown in Gardens, and yet it grows as
well here as in any other place.

V The Times. In Foreign Nations they low it
for Seed in the end of January <x beginning of Febru-
ary • but we in England fow it not until Apt tl ; and
it flowers with us in the beginning of July , and the
Seed is ripe in the end of Auguji or beginning or
September: but for Food for Cartel, it is fown be-
fore Winter, as is before hinted.

VI. The Vitalities. Galen fays it is hot in the
fecond Degree and dry in the firft : it is Aperitive,

( leanfing, Aftringent and Vulnerary ; a good Petto-
ral and Hyfterick ■, and withal Cathartick, purging
awav grofs Humors. . _ ,

VII. The Specification. It is peculiar agamlt the
Dyfentery and other Fluxes of the Bowels, as alfo
a Gonorrhoea.

VIII. The Preparations. Vou may have there-
from, T. The prepared Pulfe or Seed. 2. A De-
cohlion in Wine, a- A Bathe. 4. A Meal. 5. A
Mucilage. 6. An Oil. 7. A Cataplafm. 8. A
Juice from the Leaves.

The Virtues.

IX. The prepared Pulfe. They bury it a while
in Faith or Sand till it fprouts a little, to make it
iweet ■ then it is carried to the Market to be fold

for Food. This, fays Alpinus, the Egyptians e at
and Galen fays it was ufed ( among the Grecians)
in his time, lor that it makes fuch as eat it to grow
fat , and therefore is thought to cure Confumptions,
and’ to be good for Confumptive People. Thofe
F.ajicrn People did ufe to eat it as they did Lupins ,
for that it was more agreeable than Lupins, having
nothing in its own proper Subltance which is ob-
noxious : fomecimes the Pulfe is preferved in Pickle,
and fo eaten to keep the Body foluble.

X. The Decotfion in Wine. It mollifies the Hard-
nels of the Spleen and Womb, and eafes the Pains
of thofe Parts, opens their Obflruflions, and is good
again® Hypochondriack Melancholy, makes fmooth
the Bowels, and helps the Difeafe called Tenafmus,
which is a deiire often to go to Stool, without do-
ing any thing. It prevails againft a Dyfentety or
Bloody-fiux , and all other fluxes of the Bowels.
Applied to the Forehead with Cloths dipt therein,
it flops the Flux of Humors to the Eyes, eafes their
Pains, and takes away their Inflammation. Ufed
alfo in Clyfters, it is faid to be good againft the
Stone, by opening and mollifying the inward Parts.

It cures Ulcers in the Intejiinum Re it urn and the 0-
ther Guts : drunk to the quantity of half a pint, it
purges and cleanfes the Stomach of gtofs and evil
Humors. If the Decoftion is made with Dates and
Honey, it mundifies or cleanfes the Breft and Lungs,
caufes Expectoration , and heals Ulcers of thofe
Parts. The Decoftion being made in Wine or Wa-
ter, and given inwardly half a pint or more at a
time. Morning and Night, for fome days together,
cures a Gonorrhoea. Alexis.

XI. The Bath. It is made by boiling the Seed in
Water till it is broken. If Women fit in it as hot
as they can endure, it opens Obftruffions of the
Womb, and (if it be about the time ) provokes the
Terms. Bathed upon Parts affe&d with the Gout,
it eafes the Pain thereof, and removes Aches which
come of Cold : it is alio good to wafh the Hair
and Head, and to cleanfe it from Scurff, Morphew
and dry Scabs. It heals Ulcers of the Womb,
ftrengthens the Part, cleanfes, dries and reftores its
Tone.

XII. The Meal or Ponder. Taken to two drams
mixed with a little Honey, it is Pectoral, and caufes
an Excretion of many pernicious Humors which
lodge in the Stomach and Guts, maturates inward
Apoftems, cleanfes Ulcers in the Breft and Lungs,
and heals them, and eafes the griping Pain of the
Bowels : but in fome People it is apt to overturn
the Stomach or caufe a Loathing, efpecially in fuch
as are weak and tender ; but troubles not fuch as
have ftrong Stomachs, as have molt of your robuft
Country People.

XIII. The Mucilage. Applied to the Joints, it
gives eafe in the Gout and other like Pains. _ Ap-
plied to the Forehead with Cloths dipt therein, it
flops Fluxes of Humors to the Eyes, eafing their
Pains and Inflammations. Taken inwardly with
Honey, it is Pe&oral, and caufes an Expe&oration
of thick, tough and grofs Humors out of the Breft
and Lungs, and is profitable againft Coughs, Colds,
Catarrhs, Afthma’s, and other Difeafes of thofe
Parts.

XIV. The Oil, made by Exprefion or Isolation.

Label fays it is of more Virtue than will be belie-
ved and that it is good to diffolve hard Tumors or
Kernels, difeuffes feitrhous Swellings, mollifies the
Intrails, Womb and other Parts, removes Scurft and
Morphew, and cleanfes, dries and heals Ulcers of
the privy Parts. , r ,

XV. The Calaplafm. It is always made ol the
Meal, mixed with other proper Ingredients. If it
is made by boiling it to a Thicknefs with Mead, it

Chap. 257. ‘Englijb Herbs.

J51 * 3 4

is Emollient, and waftes away hard Swellings. If
it is made with Vinegar and Nitre, it cools all man-
ner of Inflammations, foftens hard Tumors, and
caufes them to wafte away, it eafes the Pain , and
foftens the Hardnefs of the Spleen. Applied to the
running Sores of the Head, called “Asa’s", Achores ,
it cleanfes, dries and heals them : and if it is alfo
applied to weak and feeble Parts, whether ulcera-
ted or not ulcerated, it ftrengthens them ; and if
ulcerated, cleanfes, dries and heals them. Made
with Linfeed and Marjh Mallow Roots, it is an ex-
cellent Emollient, and alfo a Maturative, where the
Tumor will be brought to Suppuration. The Meal
beaten up with Goofe-Greafe made into a PefTary,
and put up the Womb, foftens the Hardnefs there-
of, opens its ObftruHions, and mollifies all the Parts
adjacent to it. Made into a Cataplafm, by boiling
it up with the bell White Wine Vinegar, and appli-
ed to the Tefticles, it is an excellent thing to foften
and abate any hard Tumor or Swelling there, and to
eafe the Pains thereof. Applied alfo to the Joints,
it eafes the Pains of the Gout.

XVI. T be liquid. Juke of the. Leaves. Phyficians
feldom ufe any thing of this Plant befides the Pulfe
or Seed ; yet Experience has informed us, that if
the Juice of the Leaves is taken with Honey, that
it purges the Body by Stool from all corrupt and
obftruflive Humors, cleanfes the Stomach and Bow-
els, and by reafon of its mucilaginous Subftance, al-
leviates the Sharpnefs of the Juices, and eafes the
Tortions of the Guts : and by reafon of its clean-
ling and fcouring Faculty, it expeftorates tough and
(harp Humors out of the Bred and Lungs : this it
more effeffually Performs, if it is made into a Lo-
hoch, with Pulp of fat Dates.

Joints Flowers like to thofe of the Gul den kin /,
but which were lelfer, and alfo Handing fingles
which being pals’d away, Cods or Horns fucceed,
which are broader and more Hat, and ending in a
fmall Thread, in which is contained the Seed, which
is alfo lefs.

V. The Places. They both grow Wild in Spain
and Italy , but with us are only nurs’d up in Gar-
dens.

VI. Tiie Times. They flower with us. in July,
and the Seed is ripe in Auguji or September.

VII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and
Virtues of thefe , ate not declared by any Author ;
but if one may make a Judgment by the Form,
Smell, Talte, Subftance and mucilaginous Proper-
ties of the Herbs and their Seed, they differ not from
thofe of the Garden kind in Chap. 25 6. aforego-
ing.

CHAP. CCLV1II.

Of FERN Male.

L'~Y'HE Names. This Plant is called in Ara-
1 bickj Sarax : in Greeks £ ^}rnvov-> ^5"

caufe the Leaves are like to the Wings of Birds : in
Latin , Pihx ; and in Englifh, Pern.

yiiat Feme

CHAP. CCLVII.

Of FENUGREEG Wild.

I.'T 'HE Names. It is called in Greek, T few

A iyfiit ■ in Latin , plenum Gnecum fylveftre ;
and in Englifh , Wild fenugreek.

II. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. I. Plenum
Grcecum fylvefire majus , The greater Wild Foenu
greek. 2. Plenum Grcecum fylvefire minus , The lef-
ler Wild Fcenugreek.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft , or Greater
Wild kind, has a Root which is thick, tough and pli-
ant , having fome fibres adjoining thereto , jrom
which fpring forth fever al Stalks, which are round,
and fpread themfelves forth into many Branches,
which are full of Knees or Joints , not much unlike
to the Garden kind. From each Joint proceeds a
fmall tender Foot-ftalk, upon which do grow three
Leaves, and no more, fomewhat fnipt about the
edges, like as the former, or fomewhat like to thofe
of Saint pome or Burgundy Hay : and from the fame
Joints alfo come forth fmall yellow Flowers , like
unto the Manured, which Itand more together at
the end, bringing forth fmall long Cods, like thofe
of the Garden, and which contain within them
fmaller and darker Seed.

IV. The fecond, or Leller Wild kind, has a rough
creeping Root, with fome pibres thereat ; from the
Head of which Root rifes up but one Jlender Stalk,
and but feldom branched, of about a foot high, and
fcaly, as it were , at the bottom -, upon which does
grow fitch like Leaves as the former and at the

II. The Kmdsi There are many kinds of Fern,
as, 1. F Mix Mas, called by Nicander in T beriacis,
jSiiim, Male Fern, ( and. yet this very
Species Anguilara, Ccefalpinus and Gejner call Pai-
mina) of which we (hall treat in this Chapter, i,

pi/ix Fcemina, Female Fern; of which in Chap. 25 y.

3. p'ilix Querna, Oak Fern, of which in Chap. 260.

4. Fi/ix Saxatilis , Rock 01 Stone Fern, of which in

Chi

V52

*

Salmon’ s ‘Herbal .

Lib. I.

Chap. 261. S- Fr«.x Florida , Aquatic a , w/ pafu-
ftris, Water Fern, or Ofmund Koval, of which in
Chap. 262. To thefe you may add, 6. Polypodium ,
Filicula^ Polypodia. 7. Lonchitis afpera , Rough
Spleen-wort, or Eftridges Fern. 8. Af plenum cetc-
ro.ch , Smooth Spleen-wort •, of all which in their
proper places.

III. The yUtf/fc ’&/«/ is that which we treat of in
this Chapter, and is called by Nicander , Blethron.

It is, 1. fv/ttr vulgaris , Our common Male
Fern. 2. Filix mas acideata, Fihx mas aculeata mi-
nor Baubini , Prickly Male Fern. 3. Ef//* mas acu-
te at a major Baubini , The greater prickly Male Fern.

IV. The Defcription. Tfo firft ■> or Common
Male Fern, fow a Root confifting of a brown , /^/p,
thick FAW ■ _//w/z which Head nothing but a multi-
tude of fmall j black , hairy Fibres or Strings proceed ',
growing from the lower parts thereof : from this
Head of the Root fpring forth feveral hard ,
unbranched Stalks of winged Leaves , jw&i or bare
at the lower ends. Theje at the beginning of the
Spring you may perceive to cpffie forth of their fold-
ing Quftcrs. , covered with brownifh Scales at the Su-
perficies of the Earth , wry clofely joined together.
A young Plant has but a few Leaves , but an old one
has ten , twelve , or rzoro. Each Stalk of Leaves,
at its lower end, near the Joining to its Fellows, at
its firft appearing, before it is an inch long, has
fome of thofe black fibrous Roots for its Nourifh-
ment. The Leaves being come to their full Growth,
have each of them a threefold Divifion, ( as has the
Female Fern,) 1. The main Stalk. 2. The fide
Branches growing from it. 3. The Nerves grow-
ing on thole fide Branches bearing the Leaves. The
main Stalks of fome of thefe Leaves, are fometimes
one, two, three or four feet in Length or Height,
which are full of thofe brownifh Scales towards the
Root, where they are naked of Leaves, as aforefaid.
Thefe Stalks of Leaves confift of many fide
Branches of Leaves up to the tops, with one Leaf
at the end, and they afte fet on both fides thereof,
not fully oppofite, as it were, in the middle,
between two BrancheS*t5F Leaves on the contrary
fide, each Branch of Leaves not fully divided, but
deeply nicked in on the edges, all of them of a pale
green color, hard and dry, or without Sap, broadeft
at the bottoms, and fmalleft towards the tops : on
the backfide of which there are certain brownifh
fmall Spots, which are faid to be the Seed ^ for by
the falling of it this Plant does wonderfully en-
creafe. The main Stalks of thefe Leaves are firm,
fiat on one fide and round on the other fide, naked
of Leaves from ten to twenty inches, ( according to
the Height thereof ) where the firft fide Branches of
Leaves begin ^ the longeft of which fide Branches
are the third pairs from the Root, being in fome
Plants, fix, feven, eight or nine inches long and
from this longeft pair they grow fhorter and fhorter
towards the top , and are -many times in number
fourteen, eighteen or twenty pairs : for the molt
part towards the Root they grow by couples, al-
moft oppofite •, but as they grow higher towards the
tops, they grow not oppofite, but in the middle, be-
tween their Oppofices. The Leaves on the fide
Branches, are from an inch' tio afmdlVah inch and
half Long, and fo grow lhorter and flioner towards
the tops of the faid fide Branches or Wings, from
twelve or fourteen to twenty in number on each fide
the longeft Wing or fide Branch. The fmall Leaves
grow by couples for the moft part on the Nerve,
each Leaf being a little cut in omthe edges, each
Dent ending with a fharp Point, green on the up-
per fide, and paler on the under fide, each Leaf ha-
ving two Rows of dufty red Scales, of a brown or

blackifh color. Towards the top of the main Stalk
thofe fide Branches change into Nerves, bearing on-
ly the Leaves. When the Leaves are at their full
Growth, you may fee in the midft of them at their
Roots, the faid fcaley folding Clufter ; and as the
old Leaves, with their black thready Roots, whol-
ly perifh, fo the faid fcaley folding Clufter fprings
up again ^ but in warm places, you will many times
find the old Leaves green all the Winter.

V. The fecond , or Prickly Male Fern, differs not
much' from the former , but only that the winged
Leaves are not dented in , but whole , having a fmall
Prick at the end of each of them , and growing not fo
high. This Parkinfon thinks to be the Filix mas
aculeata minor Baubini ^ but thinks, that there is but
little difference between it and his major.

VI. Gerard deferibes that which he thinks to be
Filix mas aculeata major Baubini after this manner :
The Leaves of this are of a deeper green than either
of the former , and are placed on the Nerve not very
clofe together , but that you may plainly fee between

thofe next the Stalk )

them each Leaf ( ej

having on that fide far the ft off the Stalk , a large Ear
or Outgrowing , ending with a very fharp Prickle ,
and very fine. or fmall , as doth alfo the top of the
Leaf. Some of the fides of the Leaves are alfo
notched or dented in , ending with the like Prick or
Hair ; and each Leaf has two Rows of duffy Seed-
Scales.

VII. The Places. They all grow on Heaths and
open places of Hills, as alfo in fhadowy places by
Fields fides ^ and are frequent in many Counties of
England. The firft grows plentifully in the boggy,
ftiadowy Moors near Durford Abby in Suffex as al-
fo on the moift fhadowy Rocks by Maple Durham
in Hampjhire , near Petersfield : it has alfo been
found growing on the old rotten Stocks or Bodies
of Oaks , near the faid Moors The fecond grows
in ftiadowy Woods and Copfes. The third Mr.
John Goodyer found growing on the ftiadowy moift
Rocks by Maple Durham near Petersfield , afore-
named.

VIII. The Times. They feldom keep their Stalks
with their Leaves green in Winter, but fend forth
new from the Root in the Spring, which at their
firft riling are brownifh and folded in round, as a-
forefaid : the time when thefe Heads or Scales on
the back of them are ripe and do fall, is Midfum-
mer j and felling on the Ground, do fpring again,
by which the Plant is encreafed.

IX. The Qualities , Specification , Preparations ,
Virtues and Fifes of the Male Ferns , are the feme
with thofe of the Female , related in the next Chap-
ter, and thither I referr you.

CHAP. CCLIX.

Of FERN Female.

I. ' I H E Names. It is called is Greek. , 0»Ai/5#teiV,
X N up<pcua7flieif^ Thelypteris and Nymphceapte-

ris : in Latin , Filix Fcemina •, and in Englifh , Fe- m
male Fern , Brake or Common Fern.

II. The Kinds. It is the fecond general Species,
and is threefold, viz. 1 . Filix Fcemina vulgaris , Our
common Female Fern : but Gefner in hortis calls ii
Mas, and Bauhinus in his Pinax , Filix ramofa pin-
nulis obtufis non dent at is. 2. Filix Fcemina pinnulis
dent at is, Filix Fcemina altera tenui folia Thalii , Fe-
male

Chap. 259. Engltjh Herbs. ?

male Fern dented. 3. Iv7;v Fcemina pinnulis acule-
at is • F///.Y rdmofa minor pinnulis denial is Bauhini •,
Pteridium mj'cul.tm Cordi & Thalii , Female Fern
{harp-pointed.

Female Fern.

III. The Defer iptions. The fir ft , or Common

Female Fern, has a Root which is long , /lender er

than the former , 0/ about a Fingers Thicknefs ,
blue hi [h for the moft part , creeping under Ground :
from this Root rifes up but one Stalk, (feldom two J
which is round , chamfered , and fomething edged ,
growing fometimes higher than the Male, a/ft/
branched forth into fucb like winged Leaves , grow-
ing on both fides , like to the Leaves of the Male
Fern, but leJJ'er, fet on both fides thereof for the
moft part one againft another , and more dented than
the Male, jy# w?/ fharp , but round-pointed ,

a 5>//d7/ tf-r //?£• former , and having the like
Spots on the backfides of them. This Stalk (as alfo
the Root, as fome fay ) being cut aflope fomewhat
long, will in the white Pith thereof have fome cer-
tain Refemblance or Form of a fpread Eagle.

IV. The fecond , or Dented Female Fern, has a
Root like the former ■, from which fprings up one
main Stalk , which is fuller of Branches , and grows
not up fo high as the other , nor fo ftraight : it has
alfo fmall winged Leaves, like the firft or Common
Female , which are fet on each fide of the middle
Rib, but fomewhat fharp-pointed, of a more lad
green color, and narrower than the other, and fpot-
ted on the backfide •, but in any thing elfe little dif-
fering from the firft Female kind.

V. The third, or Sharp-pointed Female Fern,
from a pretty thick black Root , fends forth the main
Stalk , which is about a foot in Height, and branches
it felf out into winged Leaves, each of which is not
dented, but whole, and ending in a fmall Prick or
Point.

VI. The Places. The firft grows more frequent-
ly than the Male kinds on barren Heaths and Hedge-
fides in moft places thro’ the Kingdom, and indeed
in almoft all barren, dry and defert places. The
two latter grow rather on moift Rocks and lhady
Hills.

Female Fern Dented.

VII. The Times. They flourifli at the lame times
that the Male kinds do and their Leaves perifh in
Winter in like manner.

VIII. The Qualities. They are all of them, both
Male and Female, hot and dry in the firft Degree -,
Aftringent, Aperitive, Abfterfive, Cofmetick, Diu-
retick and Vulnerary -, dedicated to the Liver, Spleen
and Womb, Cathartick and Emmenagogick.

IX. The Specification. Ferns kill Worms, pro-
voke the Terms in Women, heal Wounds and cure
putrid Ulcers.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
1. The green Leaves. 1. A Decof/ion of the Roots
in Mead, or White Port Wine. 3. A Ponder of the
Roots. 4. An Oil or Ointment. 5. A Mixture. 61
Afhes, of which SpaniJh Barilla is made.

The Virtues.

XI. The green Leaves. They being eaten purge
the Belly, cleanfing the Bowels of colericft a,nd wa-*
terifh Humors ; but they alfo at the fame time trouj
ble the Stomach, and caufe either Vomiting or
Naufeoufnefs.

XII. The Decot7ion of the Roots in Mead or Wine.
It kills Worms in the Body, both long and broad,
powerfully opens ObftruUions of the Spleen, taking
away its Swelling and Hardnels, and reprelfes Hy-
pochondriack Melancholy. Dofe half a pint Morn-
ing and Night, faffing an hour after it in the Morn-
ing, and taking it an hour after Supper.

XIII. The Poudcr of the Roots. Taken to a dram
inwardly in a Glals of White Port, it opens Obftru-
Uions of the Liver, Spleen and Womb, and pro-
vokes the Terms F but the often taking it caufes
Barrennefs. It is ufed with fuccefs in foul, putrid
and malign Ulcers, for it cleanfes them, incarnates
and drys up the putrid Moifture, and induces a
fpeedy Healing. The Ponder of the Leaves, brings
^way both Birth and After-birth, being taken to one

Z z dram

Salmons ‘Herbal. Lib. 1.

354

(•ram in White Wine, and repeated as the Midwtie
fhall fee occalion.

XIV. The Oil or Ointment . It is made by bod-
ing the bruited Root either in Oil or in Hogs Lard
till it is crifp, and fo [training it our, and repeating
the boiling with frefh Roots, in like manner, tWo or
three times. They are laid to be excellent for heal-
ing fimple green Wounds and Punctures (tho o.
the Nerves) in any part. It to every pound ot the
Oil or Ointment a quarter ot a pound ot Turpentine
be added, it then proves an excellent thing to digelt,
cleanle, incarnate, dry and heal old running Sores
and putrid Ulcers.

XV. The Mixture. Take Voider of F cm Roots'
( Male or Female ) one dram , Scammony or Black
Hellelior Roots in fine ponder fifteen grains : mix
them for a Dofie. It efteftually kills Worms in the
Stomach or Belly of what kind foever : it alfo brings
away the After-birth of Women in Labor.

XVI. The A flies. Country People make them of
green tern, and ufe them inltead of Soap to wafh
their Cloaths withal -, for with the Salt of Fern-
Alhes much Soap is made. A Salt alfo for making
of fair Crvftaline Glafs and Cryital is made of thefe
Allies. They ufe them in Spain , and the Afhes or
’Salt they make of tern , is that they call Barilla ,
which is profitable not only for making Soap, Glals,
Cryital, &c, but for many other Phylical Ufes, as
to break and diffolve the Stone, or fandy and gra-
velly Concretions. See the eighth Edition of our
Folygraphice , lib. io. cap. i . felt. 8, 9, 1 2, ad 1 8.

CHAP. CCLX.

Of FERN Oak.

I. H E Names. It is called in Greek , Af verfteit :

1 i n Tat in, filix Querna velgjiercina •, fyuarfsetf
Orobafii, quaji Filix mufeofa ■, and in Englifh , Oak
tern : but here is to be noted, that there is another
fort of Oak tern, called Fo/ypodie , which is no
Species of the Plant we here intend ■, and therefore
fhall fay nothing of it in this place.

II. The Kinds. This Oak tern is threefold, viz.

], A^voTrfiM tilix fpjierna repens. Try opt e ris

re pens Lobe hi, Matthioli, Gefneri aliorumque -, Dry-
opteris Jive tilix arborea Tragi -, Pterion tcemina
Cordi & Thalii, Creeping Oak Fern. 2. <

A5ux.il, Dryoptcris alba, Dryoptcris Candida Dodonxi,
Adianthum album Flinii, Addiant um jilicis folio Bau-
hini. White Oak Fern. 3. Onopteris mas , Black
Oak Fern.

III. The Defcriptions. The fir ft, or Creeping
Oak Fern, has a Rout which is Jmall and blackifh,
creeping under the upper Cruft of the Earth, with
fever al Jmall black Fibres growing from it, and is
fomewhat like unto the Root of Polypodie, but much
f mailer and (lender er, and of a more harfih, aujtere
and Jtyptick Tafte. From this Root fpring forth fe-
veral Lender blackifh Stalks, little more than half a
foot high, bearing many fmall winged Leaves, each
branding againft the other, fomething like to thofe
of the Female tern, but much fmaller and finer, and
of a darkiili green color •, the backfide of which are
not brown, but with white Spots on them, let in a
double Row, as Lobe l affirms.

IV. The ficcond, or White Oak Fern, has a thick
Root, having a Bunch or Knot of blackifh - fibres or
Threads growing forth from it, fo many as even to

obfeure the thick part thereof. From the Head of
this Root fpring up many Stalks of winged Leaves,
but not much higher than the former, feldom ex-
ceeding feven or eight inches in Height ■, but the
Leaves upon the Wings are broader than the other,
and fhorter alfo more deeply cut in on the edges :
they are likewife of a much paler green color, and
fpotted on the backfide with Spots fomething like
to thole of the Male Fern.

V. The third, or Black Oak Fern, is both Male
and Female : the Male has a Root made up of many
Strings, not much unlike the firft Male Fern, but
lejfer . From the Head of this fpring forth feveral
Stalks of winged Leaves, which are diverfly, but
not fo finely indented : the Stalks and the Ribs of
the Leaves are blackifh, but the Leaves themfelves
of a deep green color. The Female black Oak tern
is almoft like to the Male, faving that its Leaves
are not fo fharp at the Points, and are more white
and broad than the Male, in which confifts the chief
Differences.

VI. An Obfervation . The firft of thefe deferibed

at fed. 3. above, fome Authors lay, 1. does fold its
Roots among themfelves , like the Roots of Polypodi-
um, but they are not above the Bignefs of a Wheat
Straw, coal black without, white within, and about
fix or feven inches long, having an innumerable
company of fmall Fibres like Hairs growing thereto,
and is of an aftringent Talte, enclining to Sweet-
nefs. 2. That the Stalks fpring from the Roots in
feveral places, variable in number, according to the
Length and Encreafe of the Root : fome Plants have
but one or two Stalks of Leaves, others again have
fix, eight, ten, fourteen or fifteen, &c. 3. That

the Stalk has a twofold Divifion , firft the Stalk grow-
ing from the Root fix or feven inches high and no
higher, (and yet fome Authors fay it is about a
foot high : ) fecondly, the Nerve bearing the Leaves :
the main Stalk is no bigger than a Grafs Stalk or
Bent, flat on the one fide and round on the other,
fmooth and green. 4. That the firfl pair of Nerves

grow

Chap. 26 1 . E nglijh Herbs. 3 5 5

grow about throe inches from the Root , and all the
fe/l following grow by couples, almoft exallly one a-
gainft another , in number about eight, nine or ten
pairs, the longeft feldom exceeding an inch in
Length. 5. 'That the Leaves grow alfo on the
Nerves by couples , eight or nine couples on a Nerve ,
of a ycllowifh green color , and without any Dents on
the edges : yet Lome other Authors lay, that the
Leaves are like thole of the Female Fern , but much
lelTer, and more finely indented or jagged, fo fine-
ly cut in, that in fhew they refemble Feathers, fet
round about a fmall Rib or Sinew. 6. That the
backfides of the Leaves are fprinkled , not with ruf-
fet or brown Spots or Specks , as the other Ferns are,
but are as it were painted with white Spots or
Murks, not Handing out of the Leaves in Scales, as
the Spots in the Male Fern , but fmooth or Hat, and
double in each Leaf, clofe unto the middle Rib or
Sinew.

VII. The Places. Thefe do indeed grow in
lhadowy thick Woods on Mountains, and fome-
times in the open Vallies near them 3 as alfo among
the Mofs growing on old Trees, chieHy Oaks, whence
came the Name Filix Mufcofa , which is a kind of
Mofs hem, growing amongft the Mofs on Oaks and
other Trees, and in the tops of their Trunks when
they begin to rot.

VIII. The Times. Neither thefe nor any of the
other Ferns ( except Water Fern ) have any manifeft
Flower or Seed, fo that their Seafons are not to be
fpecified. As for the Leaves, they perifh in Win-
ter, and put forth afrefli in the Spring.

IX. The ^alities. The firft is hot in the firft
Degree and dry in the fourth * Aftringent, biting
and very ftyptick in Tafte, and, as Rondelet'ws
thinks, of a deleterious or mortiferous Quality. The
other three kinds are like in all their Qualities to
Englijh Maiden-hair -, and therefore, as to their
Specification, Preparations and Virtues, we lhall
referr you thither.

X. The Specification. The firft of thefe kills
Worms, and deftroys the Roots of the Hair.

XI. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,

1. A Ponder of the Root. 2. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

XII. The Ponder of the Root. Matthiolus lays,
that if it is mixed with Salt and Bran, and given to
Horfes, that it kills Worms in them : but I fuppofe
it mult be repeated Morning and Night for feveral
days.

XIII. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Roots
and Leaves bruifed and beaten together. Diof corides
fays, that if it is applied to places troubled with
Hair after Sweating, ( becaufe then the Pores are
open, and fo give a more ready inlet to the Virtue
of the Medicament) it is a Depilatory, or a good
Remedy to deftroy the Roots of Hairs.

CHAP. CCLXI.

Of FERN Rock or Stone.

T.^p FI E Names. It is called in Greek, TiiT&uonlk-
JL e«, li-netf mT&u* ; in Latin, Filix Saxatihs,
Cham it fih x : in Englijh , Rock or Stone Fern 3 alfo
Dwarf or Small Fern,

II. The Kinds. Authors make many kinds here-
of, as, 1. Filix pumi la faxatilis prima Clufii, The
firft Small or Stone Fern of Cl aft us. 2. Filix pumi-
la faxatilis altera Clufii, The lecond Stone Fern of
Clufius. 3. Filix faxatilis Jcliis non f err at is. Small
Stone Fern, with Leaves not dented., 4. Filix faxa-
tilis crifpa. Small curled Stone Fern. 7. Filiculii
font ana. Small Rock Fern. 6. Chamafihx Anglica,
Englifh Dwarf Fern, or Sea Fern. 7. Filix faxati-
lis Tragi , Naked Stone Fern.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft fmall Stone Fern
of Clufius, has a long, black and (lender Root, creep-
ing under the upper Cruft of the Earth, and f pl ead-
ing aflant, with a few fiender hard Fibres adjoining
thereto. From this Radicle fpring forth feveral
Stalks of winged Leaves, about a foot high, which
is branched out into feveral Wings of Leaves, very
like unto the Female hern, but much lcfs, much
tenderer and delicate than they, and more finely
dented on the edges, and fpotted alfo on the Backs
of them, like to the other Ferns.

IV. The fecond, or Second Stone Fern of Clufius,
has a thick Head of a Root, much like to that of the
firft Male Fern. From which fpring forth many
fmall Knobs, with a vaft number of black Fibres or
Threads. From this Flead of the Root fpring up
feveral ftrait round Stalks of Leaves, green at firft,
but blackifh when full grown, about four or five
inches high, (hooting forth winged Leaves from the
main Stalk upwards, with Dentings in on both
fides, like unto the Male Fern, but much lefs, and
finer, and Ipotted on the back of them, as the for-
mer.

V. The third, or Small Stone Fern with Leave
not dented, has a Root like to the Male Fern, a^i
grows very like it, with Stalks of winged Leav d
laving that they are very much lefs, ( as is the whole
Plant) and not indented on the edges, but whole
or fmooth, like unto the Water Fern.

VI. The fourth, or Small curled Stone Fern, has
a Root compofed of many blackifh Fibres, fpringing
out from the thick Head of a Root : from which
Head fpring up fmall Stalks, fcarcely four or five
inches high, which are let on both fides with ten-
der foft Strings of very fmall Leaves, fo finely di-
vided and dented, that they feem curled •, of a dark
green color upwards, and paler below towards the
bottom, having brownilh or reddifh Dull like Spots
on the backfides, as Spleen-wort has.

VII. The fifth, or Small Rock Fern, is a fmall
Dwarf Fern, refembling in its Root, Stalks and
Leaves the Common Fern, but very much lefs , yea
much lefs than any of the laft deferibed : tho’ it
grows low, yet it bullies out with many (mail and
dark green Leaves, refembling the Ordinary Ferns.

VIII. The fixth, or Englilh Dwarf Fern, has a
thick brownifh Root, compofed of a mul Li tide of Fi-
bres or fmall Strings. From the Head of this Root
fpring up feveral bright, lhining, blackifh Stalks,
two or three inches high, on which are placed many
rough, thick, lhining, blackilh Leaves, with fome
brownilh Spots on them, as other Ferns have, and
are finely fnipt about the edges.

IX. The feventh, or Naked Stone Fern, has a
thick tufted Root, compofed of a multitude of fmall
Fibres : from the Head of which fpring forth many
hard and rough Stalks, naked or bare, without
Leaves, having fome Spots on them, as the Ferns
have : thefe Stalks are only forked at the tops, di-
vided into two, and fometimes into three (hort parts,
bowing or bending down their Heads, having the
Smell and Tafte of Fern. In my Opinion, as this
has not the leaft Refemblai)ce in its Form of Fern,
but rather of Gramen or Grafs •, fo it ought to be

Z z 2 accounted

Salmons Herbal

Lib. 1.

accounted one of the Species thereof; but tor Com-
pany take with other Authors, I have not contended
the Point, but have let it pals among thefir»r:
it is the Hohftium allcrum Lobelii.

The Pieces. They all grow in Kocky and
Stot.cv places : the fifth, fixth and feventh. Lobe/
lavs, grow near the Sea in Cornwall , in moil! Roc-
ky places. , „ '

' XI. The Times. They fpring up and Hounlh at
the times when the other terns do, and perifh in the
like Seafons.

Xli. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations
a. a. I Virtues , are the fame with the Common Male
and female terns ; and therefore to Chap. 259. a-
ioregoing, I reierr you.

CHAP. CCLXII.
Of FERN Water,

0 R,

OSMUND Royal.

I.c-p H E Karnes. It was unknown to the Greeks ,
1 and therefore can have no Greek Name ; but
it is called in Latin , f'ilix floriia , t'ilix aquattca
OJmttnda Regalis, t’ilix paluftris, Tilix Luparta Gef-
neri , tilix latifolia Conli , tilicajlrum : in Englijh ,
Water fern and Of muni Royal.

II. The Kinds. It is the fifth Species of Terns,
and a lingular Plant of the kind.

Osmund

Rdjal

or

Water

'Wern.

Water-man : trom this Root flioot forth in the
Winter time feveral hard rough Stalks, half round,
and hollowifh or flat on the other fide, which grow
up to the height of two feet, having iirndry Branches
of winged yellowifii green Leaves, fpread out on all
fides, and f$t one againft another, longer, narrower,
and not indented on the edges, as the Common Ferns
Ala/e and Female. From the tops of fome of thefe
Stalks grow forrli a long Bufii of lmall Icaley
Spikes, as it were, of a more yellowifh green co-
lor, fet on the lame manner on the Stalks as the
Leaves are, which by fome Authors are accounted
the Flowers and Seed, tho’ others again as much
deify it.

IV. The Places. It grows in Moors, Bogs and
Watery places in many parts of England : it did
grow in the midft of a Bog, at the farther end of
Hampfiead Heath from London , at the bottom of a
Hill adjoining to a lmall Cottage •, alfo in divers
Bogs on a Heath or Common' near unto Burnt Wood
in EJJex, efpecially near unto a place formerly dig-
ged in fearch of a Gold Mine, but now it is laid to
be rooted out of thole places : it grows in wonder-
ous plenty in boggy places, Swamps and lowmoilt
Grounds thro’ almoft all Carolina : I found it in
great plenty in moift and boggy Grounds, bordering
upon Wadmalaw River in South Carolina , where
Cart Loads of it might be had, as alfo in divers
places adjacent to AJhly, Cooper and Wando Rivers,
and in feveral other parts of the fame Collony.

V. T be Times. It is green and flourilhes all the
Summer, as do the other Ferns •, and the Spikes of
Flowers and Seed are in Perfection in June, July
and Auguft ■, the Leaves decay and die away in
Winter, but the Root continues good, and lives for
many Years. Gerard fays. That if it is tranlplant-
ed into Gardens, it profpers full as well as in its
native Soil.

VI. The Vitalities, Specifications, Preparations and
Virtues , are the fame with thole of the Male and
Female Fern in Chap. 259. aforegoing, excepting
that this is more effectual than they, both for inward
and outward Difeafes, and therefore rather to be
chofen than either of them , or any of them all :
alfo over and above what has been there laid, the
following Obfervations have been experimentally
made.

VII. The Dccotfion in Wine. It is a lingular
good Wound-drink, and therefore of excellent Ule
in curing green Wounds, running Sores, old Ulcers,
Filtula's, and the like. It gives eafe in the Colick,
and all Difeafes proceeding irom ObltruCtions of
the Spleen, Womb, Reins, Efc. and it alfo prevails
againft Ruptures or Burltennefs. If the DecoCtion
is made in White Wine, it provokes Urine ex-
ceedingly, cleanfing the Reins, Ureters and Blad-
der-

VIII. The Balfiam , Oil or Ointment of the Root.
They cure any fimple Contufion, heal Wounds,
running Sores and old Ulcers ^ and are fingularly
good againft the Gout, broken Bones, and Bones
out of Joint.

III. The Defcriptions. It has a great and thick
Root , folded , and covered over with many Scales ,
and interlacing Roots , having in the middle of the
great a id hard woody part thereof a Jmall white Pith ,
'which by feme is called the Heart of Ofmund the

Chap. 26 ir Englijh Herbs.

C H A P. CCLXIII.

Of F I G W O R T Great Common.

I ,>~r*‘HE Names. It does not feem to be known

X to tbe Greeks , for it has no Greek Name ;
but it is called in Latin by many Names, as F icaria,
Malle Morbia , Ferranti , Cajirangula , Cbryfippea
P/inij , as fome think , Galeopfis Diofcoridis , as
t'uchfws. Cor ins and Dodonrtus think, alfo Scrophu-
laria major : in Englifh Figaort.

II. Tbe Kinds. We make two Generical Kinds
of this Plant, viz. I. Scrophularia major vulgaris.
The Common Great Figwort, of which in this Chap-
ter. 2. Scrophularia major Percgrina, Foreign Great
Figwort, of which in the next Chapter.

III. OF the firft of thefe forts there are two Kinds,
viz. 1 • Scrophularia major vulgatior , OcimaJlnim al-
ter urn Tragi , Clymenum Mas Gefneri in Horn's , Ga-
leopfis Fuchfij , O' Coriij, The more Common Great
Figwort. It is called Scrophularia in moll Authors,
becaufe it is available^ ScropbuLis ; and major ,
to diftinguilh it from Scrophularia minor , which is
Pilemort , of which in its place. 2. Scrophularia
major altera E/egans, The Noble or Beautiful Great
Figwort.

IV. The Defcriptions. The firft , Or more Com-
mon Great Figwort, has a Root which is great , white
and thick , with feveral Knobs or Tubers growing at
it, and running a fioap under the upper Cruft oj the
Earth, which abides many Tears , the Green Herb
dying away in the Winter. From this Root fpring
forth fundry great , ftrong , hard , fquare , brown
Stalks, three or four Feet high, on which grow
large, hard, and dark green Leaves, two at a joiijf,
which are larger and harder than any Nettle Leaves,
but not flinging , and not much unlike in form to

357

che Leaves of Water bet any, 16 chat they are formr
cimes miituken the one for che other, being difficult
to be known afunder , without a narrow view of
them j but thefe Leaves are not fo round denied a-
bout the edges, and are alfo fmuller at the ends. At
the tops of the Stalks come forth many Purple
Flowers, fet in Husks, which are fomething gaping
and open, but not fo much as any of the Galeopfcs
or Dead Nettles , but clofer and fmaller, fomewhat
like thofe of Water Betony aforenamed ^ which be-
ing paftaway, hard, round Heads come in their
places, having a fmall point in the middle, in which
is contained fmall brovvnilh Seed.

V. The Second, or Elegant Great Figwort, this
a great , thick, white, and knobbed Root, like the for-
mer, which fends forth from it one or more great,
hard, frong, brown Stalks , with Leaves at the Joints,
very like the other, but they are fairer, and more
fometimes Handing at a Joint, efpecially at the low-
er Joints. The Flowers are not gaping as the firft,
but made of four reddifh Leaves, which commonly
Hand at the Joints with the Leaves j which being
paft, there comes in their places hard round Heads
of Seed Velfels, but without any point in the mid-
dle, in which are contained a fmall kind of Seed.

VI. The Places. They are very frequent, cfpeci-
ally the firft, in moft places through rhe Kingdom,
growing in moift and lhadowy Woods, and in the
lower parts of Fields and Meadows: it may be
found in great abundance in Hornfey ' Wood , near
London, as alfo in Store Wood, and Shotover , near
Oxford.

VII. The Times. They Flower in June and Ju-
ly, and the Seed will be ripe in a Month after the
Flowers are paft.

VIII. The Qualities. Figwort is hot and dry in
the Third Degree, Anodyne, Difcuflive, and Vulne-
rary.

IX. The Specification. It is peculiaf for Curing
the Scrophula or Kings-Evil, as alfo the Hemor-
rhoids or Piles, Scabs, Leprofie.

X. The Preparations, You may have therefrom

I; A

p

■? I1'

I. A Liquid Juice. 2. An EJfence. 3. A Decaff i-
on in Wine. 4. A Di filled Water. 5. An Oint-
ment. 6. A Cataplaftn. 7. A Spirituous TinUure.
8. An Acid Tincture.

' The Virtues.

XI. The Liquid Juice of Herb and Root. It is a
moft admirable Vulnerary ; taken to two Spoonfuls,
or more, in the Diltilled Water of the Plant, it is
effectual tp diffolve clotted or congealed Blood with-
in the Body, which happens by means of any Wound,
or by any Bruife or Fall-, and is very powerful to
wafte away, confume, or deftroy that Humor which
is the Caufe of Struma’s , Scrophula’s , Leprofies ,
Scabs, and other like Breakings out.

XII. The EJfence. It has the fame Virtues, but
is more powerful to the Intentions above named, be-
ing outwardly applied, by bathing it upon Scrophu-
lous Tumors, Hemorrhoids, Scabs, Scurff, Mor-
phew, Leprofie, it is of lingular good ufe, becaufe
it relilts the protrufion of the Humors which caufe
them, and alfo waftes away what is contained in the
parts afteebed } it alfo cleanfes, dries, and induces
the healing of running Sores, old Ulcers, Fiftula’s,
and the like ^ and may be taken inwardly as a Diet,
in order to facilitate thofe Cures.

XIII. The Decottion of the Roots and Herb in Wine.
It is a lingular good Wound Drink , and of great
efficacy (being conlfantly taken Morning, Noon,
and Night to the quantity of half a Pint for a Dofe,
for fome conliderable time) to cure inveterate and
malign Filtula's , or which yield a malign Jchor,
known by its putrid fubltance, ill color, and feetidi-
ty. The fame is alfo no lefs effectual againft the
Kings-Evil, or any other Knots, Kernels, Bunches,
or Wens, growing in theFlelh, in what part of the
Body foever. It is alfo of very good ufe to be ap-
plied to the Haemorrhoids or Piles when they grow
painful and fall down, and for fuch other Knobs,
Tumors, or bunchings out, (as ficusin Ano ) which
lbmetimes happens to the Fundament.

XIV. The Di filled Water from the whole Riant.
It is ufed for the fame purpofes, either to take in-
wardly, or apply outwardly, by bathing, Efc. It is
of good ufe for foul and putrid Ulcers, which are
hollow or corroding, to ftay the malignity, and to
dry up the fuperfluous virulent moifture of them.
It alfo takes away all Rednefs , Spots, Freckles,
Scurf Lfc. in the Face and Skin, or any other foul
Deformity thereof, tho’ inveterate, as the Leprofie,
Lfc. but it will be more effeUual if you dilfolve
therein a proportional quantity of Nitre , Salt of
Tartar, or Sac char um Saturni , according to the na-
ture of the Difaffe&ion you apply it to.

XV. The Ointment of Herb and Roots , but more
efpecially of the frelh Roots. It is made according
to the ufual Rule of making Ointments, but Authors
have, left this Prefcription. Take the Roots, wafh
them clean, bruife them, and put them into a Jar
Glafs, or Earthen Pot, with a fufficient quantity of
Butter, or Hogs Lard, or Beef Suet, mixt with an
equal quantity of Oil Olive, which is the better of
the three, tye over the Jar Glafs or Pot with a Blad-
der, or Leather and brown Paper, and let it fo Hand
in the hottelf Sun for 1 5 or 20 days, then afterwards
upon a gentle Fire boil foftly for almoff an hour,
and whilft hot if rain it forth, and keep it in a Jar
Glafs or Gally-pot clofe covered for ufe. You may
alfo make it by boiling the bruifed Roots and Leaves
in Hogs Lard, or in Oil and Wax, and then ftrain-
ing it out as aforefaid. It is exceeding good to a-
noint with, in order to cure Scrophulous Tumors,
or Swellings in the Neck, as alfo Ficus in Ano , and
the Hemorrhoids or Piles, it eafes the pains, and

many times difeuffes the Tumors, and if any of them
are Ulcerated, it is of extraordinary ufe to heal all
thofe kinds of Lllcers, as alfo Scabs, Leprofie, t SY.

XVI. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Herb, or
of the Root, or of Herb and Root, being beaten in
a Mortar till they are foft-, being applied it cures
Simple Contufions, caufed by any Blow or Fall, dil-
folves the coagulated Blood , and loon heals the
Hurt or Wounded part} and it is alfo no lefs efte-
£tual againft Struma’s, or the Kings-Evil, and to
diffolve any bunchings out, Wens, or Kernels in the
Threat or other parts.

XVII. The Spirituous TinUure. It Hops inward
Bleedings, and expels Wind out of the Stomach and
Bowels, corrects the cold pituitous Humor which
breeds the Kings-Evil Kernels, and other like Tu-
mors, in any part of the Body} and is very efficaci-
ous againft the Colick, the pain of the Spleen, and
Hypochondriack DifaffeUions. Dofe from two
drams to four in the Diltilled Water, or in Wine,
or other proper Vehicle, Morning and Night.

XVIII. The Acid TinUure. It ttrengthens and
fortifies the Stomach, and rectifies the Juices in their
firft Concoftion, preventing the generating and con-
creeting of that Matter, or thofe Humors which breed
Struma, or the Difeafe called the Kings-Evil. It
caufes a: good Appetite, and a ftrong Digeftion, and
powerfully opens the ObftruUions of the Stomach,
Liver , and Spleen , and therefore abfolutely cures
the Rickets in Children, of which I have had a par-
ticular Experience feveral times. Dofe lb many
drops as to make the Ale, Beer, or Wine grateful.

CHAP. CCLXIV.

Of F I G W O R T Great Foreign.

I. /"T-V H E Names. It is called in Latin Scrophula-

X ria major Peregrine, and by reafon the Roots
are without Tubers, or Knobs, it is called by fome
Scrophularia major abfque Tuber culis : in Englifh
Foreign Great Figwort.

II. The Kinds. Authors have given us many Kinds
of this Plant, divers of which we can never come
at, but fo many of them as may be found growing
in the Gardens of the Curious here in England , 01-
may poffibly grow in fome of our Plantations beyond
Sea in America , we fhall here give you the Defcrip-
tion of} and thofe are, 1. Scrophularia major Ame-
ricana, Scrophularia Cretica prime Clujij , American
or Cretick Great Figwort. 2. Scrophularia major
Americana altera , vel Indica altera , Scrophularia ma-
jor Hifpanica , Scrophularia foil A Laciniatis Bauhini ,
The Second Indian or American Great Figwort. 3.
Scrophularia Flore luteo , Bauhini, Scrophularia maxi-
ma Montana Columns, Great Figwort yellow Flow-
ered.

III. The Defcriptions. The Firfl, or American or
Cretick Great Figwort, has a Root which Is of about
a Fingers thicknej's , which fpreads it felf out into
feveral Branches , running under the Superficies of
the Earth not very deep , and having many fibres
fpringing from the fame. From this Root rifes up a
fqu are corner’d green Stalk, browniih on the fide
next the Sun, at the bottom of which grow feveral
large and long Winged Leaves, fet upon pretty long
Footftalks, made of many parts, and almoftin fa-
fhion like the Common Thifle , but without Prickles.
The Leaf is large, and much cut in on the edges,

making

Pi;

Chap. 265. 'Engtijh Herbs. 359

making every Leaf look almoft like to the Leaf of
the Red Rattle. Ftom the middle of the Stalk up-
wards it fpteads it felf out into other Branches, al-
moit tothe very top, thofe Branches growing fmal-
ler and fmaller as they grow higher and nearer to
the top , having on all iides fuch like Leaves, but
leifer than thofe growing below. At the tops of the
Stalks and Branches are many fmall Flowers, fet al-
moft like unto the tirlt Common Figwort, but part of
a deeper, and part of a paler Purple Color, with
fome yellow Threads rifing out of the middle.

IV. The Second , or Indian or American Great Fig-
wort, has a Root which is thick and bujhy , which pe-
rtjhes in the Winter , if it comes up to flowering , but
if it flowers not , it continues all the Tear. From
this Root fpring up divers thick, but weak, Stalks
or Branches, all lying round about upon the Ground,
full of Joints, with large and long dark green Leaves,
cut in on the edges into five long Divifions, all of
them dented about the edges; and from the lame
Joints come forth alfo other lefler Leaves, divided
and dented, and with them, towards the tops of the
Stalks, feveral large Flowers of a yellowifh color on
the outfide and lower parts, but of a reddifh color,
mixt with yellow within. The Flowers being paft
away, larger and harder Fleads fucceed than in the
Common Kinds, and pointed at the end as the reft,
which contain within them fmall blackiftl Seed.

V. The Third , or Yellow Flowered Great Fig-
wort, has a Root which is thick and blackijh , with
many Fibres or Strings thereat , but without any Tu-
bers or Knobs at all. From the Flead of this Root
fpring forth feveral fquare brown Stalks , a little
hairy and foft, above two Feet high, at the Joints
of which grow two large , broad , roundifh , hairy,
fofr, green Leaves, deeply indented about the edges,
and ftanding upon very long Footftalks, thofe at the
lower parts of the Stalks being largeft, which in
Winter lye in a compafs upon the Ground about the
Root, and thofe which grow ori the Stalks lefler,
growing leffer and lefler till they come to the tops ;
at each Joint with the Leaves comes forth, even al-
moft from the bottom, one fmall naked Branch,
bearing many Flowers in Tufts at the ends of them,
which are round and yellow , fomewhat like unto
the Ordinary or Common fort , parted or cut in at the
brims into divers pieces, having fome long yellow-
ifh Threads in the middle. After the Floiivers are
paft, larger round Heads come than in the Com-
mon Kind, but not fo large as thofe in the laft deferi-
bed, which have at the end a long point, a little
crooked, and contain within them fmall black Seed.

VI. The Places. The two firft I have found
growing in feveral parts of Florida , in the South of
Carolina , and in thofe parts leading to the Cape of
Florida. The firft alfo has been found growing in
Caniia, being Clufws his firft Cretick Species. The
fecond has been found growing in Spain likewife,
hut as I am informed was Tranfplanted thither from
America. The third is a Native of Germany and
Hungary , from the former of which places it was
brought to us ; but here in England they are all nurlt
up in the Gardens of the Curious.

VII. The Times. They Flower in July, and the
Heads of Seed will be ripe in Augujl or September.

VIII. The Qualities , Specification , Preparations
and Virtues are the lame with thofe of the Common
Kind in the former Chapter, and therefore I Ihall
fay no more of them in this place.

CHAP. CCLXV.

Of FLAG Sweet Smelling,

0 R,

True ACORUS.

I. H E Names. It is called in Greek , $

X in Latin Acorus or Aeorum , Acorus

vents, and Aeorum verum : Clufuts iavs it is taken
to be Butomos Theophrajh : and in Englijh The true
fweet fmelling Flag.

II. The Kinds. Authors make but one Kind there-
of, which Camerarius, Clufuts, Coritts , Gefner , Lug-
dunenfis, Lobel, AFat thiol us , jHonardus, and others,
call Acorus, or Aeorum, which is the vulgar Cala-
mus Aromaticus Officinarum , according to Am at us,
Brafjavolus, Ccefalpmus, and Fuchjius, but it is not
the true Calamus Aromaticus of the Ancients , far
that was really a Reed , whereas this is really and
truly a Flag, (but fweet fmelling ) and the Root here
intended the Root only of a Flag; as for the True
and Ancient Calamus Aromaticus , I am apt to be-
lieve it is not to be found thro’ all Europe , that is to
fay, not in the Shops _; but of this we (hall have oc.
cafiori to fpeak more in out III. Book.

III. The Defctiption. If has a Root like to the
Common Water Flag in the next Chapter, but fmal-
ler, and not fo red , of a fweet fmell and fomewhat
bitter tafle ; it is thick and long, lying under the up-
per Face of the Earth, Jhooting forwards , and with
fmall Roots, as Suckers on all Jides, not much unlike
to Garden Valerian, whitijh on the outfide, or green -
ifh if it lyes above Ground , and more pale or whitijh
on the in fide , confijfing of many Joints , from which
it (hoots forth underneath many long thick Fibres, by
which it takes hold in the Ground ; the thick part of

the

Salmon s ‘Herbal.

Lib. I.

the Root is of a firm or fiat fibfiance, yet not woody ,
but r tie to cut. From this Root rile up feveral tlag-
gv Leaves, like unto the Water blag? or blower -de-
luce in the following Chapter, but narrower, and
two or three Feet in length, of a frelh green Color,
and Aromatick Smell ^ yet fometimes they are brown-
ilh at bottom, the one Leaf growing out of the fide
of the other, after the lame manner that other Flags
or Flower-de-luces grow , which are thin on both
fides, and riged or thick in the midft, the longeft
for the molt part Handing in the midft, and fome of
them curled or plaited towards the ends or tops of
them, Fuelling very fweet as well when they are
dry, and kept a long time, as when they are frelh
and’ green. Thefe Leaves abide a long time in the
Garden, as tho’ they never did, or never would bear
any Flowers, they every Year dying down to the
Ground, and (hooting out frelh every Springs but
after two, three., or four Years continuance in a
place without removing, it flioots forth Leaves as
formerly , (but no Stalk , as other Flags or Flower-
de-luces do) befides which it Ihoots forth a long nar-
row Leaf by it felf, flat, like unto the other Leaves,
elpecialiy from the middle thereof upwards ^ but
from the laid middle downwards it is thicker, nar-
rower, and rounder, or rather almoft triangular.
From the middle of this lone Leaf comes forth one
long round Head, very feldom two, in form and
bignefs like almoft unto the Aglet or Catkin of the
Halle Nut Tree-, it grows upright, an Inch and half,
two Inches, or more in length, as thick as a large
Reed, or ones little Finger, fet with feveral fmall
Lines and Divifions , like unto a green Fine Apple ,
and lor the molt part of a Purplilh Green Color ,
or as Gerard fays, of a Greenilh Yellow Color, cu-
rioufiy Chequered, as if it were Wrought with a
Needle, with green and yellow Silk intermix^ out
of its Bunches fmall pale whitilh Flowers (hoot
forth, confuting of four fmall Leaves apiece, (with-
out any great fmell) which quickly fall away, with-
out giving any Seed, fo far as any Author has ob-
ierved.

IV. The Places. It is a Foreigner, and grows with
us only in Gardens, but bears very rarely its Tuft or
Head in our cold Country, for which reafon fome
have laid that it is barren , but that doubtlefs is a
miftake, for Clufws fays that he had feen it bear its
Flower or Head in that place where it grows natu-
rally , tho’ in England it fometimes may be barren.
Its Native places are in feveral parts of Turkey ,
where it grows in moift Grounds, and in fuch like
places it flourifhes with us , where are found the
largeft Roots , the faireft , firmeft , whiteft , and
fweeteft, which being dryed are a little fhrivelled.
It grows in Candia , as Pliny fays, as alfo in Galatia ,
and other adjacent places, and naturally at the Foot
of a Hill near to Prufii^ a City of Bithynia , not far
from a great Lake. It alfo grows in great plenty
in fome parts of Ruflia, but its Roots when dryed
are more lank or fmall, not fo firm nor white, nor
of fo choice an Aromatick Smell.

V. The Times. It fprings up with its Leaves in
Alarck and Aprils and bears its Catkin (in thofe
Countries where it does bear, or is not barren) in the
beginning or middle of July and Aitgufi. Johnfon
upon Gerard fays, that in May 1632. he received the
fulus or Catkin from Mr. Thonuu Glynn , of Glynn-
thivon , in Carnarvonfhire , from which it is mani-
felt, that with careful looking after, it may with
us be made to bear its Head of Flowers ; yet here
about London , tho’ it grows well, and in great plen-
ty in many Gardens, it has l'carcely ever been feen
to bring forth any thing of that kind.

VI. The 'Qualities. It is hot and dry in the fe-

cond degree. Aperitive, Abfterfive, Aftringent, Car-
minative, Diuretick, Cephalick, Neurotick, Stoma-
tick, Cordial, Sudorifick, and Alexipharmick.

VII. The Specification. It is a peculiar thing a-
gainft Poylbn, the Plague, and all contagious Dif-
eafes.

VIII. The Preparations. The Root is only of ufe,
and you may have therefrom, 1. A Liquid Juice.

2. An E [fence. 3. An lnfufwn in Wine. 4. A De-
coction in Wine. 7. A Pouder. 6. A Cataplafm.

7. A Spirituous Tinffure. 8. An Acid Tinffure.

9- An Oily Tinffure. 10. A Spirit, n. A Chy-
mical Oil. 12. Potejiates or Powers. 13. An Elix-
ir. 14. A Colly rium. 15. A Preferve. 16. A
Syrup.

The Virtues.

IX. The Liquid Juice. Taken to a Spoonful or
two in a Glafs of Generous Wine it provokes Urine,
eafes Pains and Stitches of the Sides, and prevails
againft the Bitings of Mad Dogs, and other Venom-
ous Creatures, but it ought often to be repeated, at
due intervals of time.

X. The EJfence. It has the Virtues of the Juice,
and eafes pains of the Stomach and Bowels, eafes
the Colick, and Gripings of the Guts, prevails againft
Convulfions ^ and is an Antidote againft all forts of
Poyfon, and the InfeUion of the Plague it felf-, and
is a finguiar good thing to help a ltinking Breath :
it is alfo commended as an excellent thing againft:
Ruptures or Burftennefs. Dole one Spoonful , or
more, Morning and Night, in a Glafs of Generous
Wine, or fome other fit Vehicle.

XI. TJje lnfufion in Wine. It has the Virtues of
the Juice and Eflence, but not all out fo powerful *
it waftes the Spleen, helps thofe who have the Stran-
gury, and frees thofe from danger who are Bitten
by any Venomous Serpent: it warms and comforts
the Stomach , and caufes a good Appetite and Di-
geftion ; expels Wind, drys up Rheums, and clears
the Sight. Dofe five or fix Ounces Morning and
Night.

XII. The Deco ff ion in Wine. It has the Virtues
of the lnfufion, and being mixed with a little Worm-
wood Wine, and lo drunk, it is of good ufe to com-
fort and ftrengthen a cold and weak Stomach.

XIII. The Pouder. It is given to one Dram in
the Morning falling, and laft at Night going to Bed,
in a Glafs of the lnfufion, againft Poyfon, the Bi-
tings of Mad Dogs, or other Venomous Creatures,
to prevent, and alio to cure the Infeftion of the
Plague, or any Peftilential Difeafe ^ it comforts a
cold and weak Stomach, reftoring the Tone thereof
where depraved or hurt , and has all the Virtues of
the Eflence and the other Preparations aforenamed :
it heals alfo inward Bruifes.

XIV. The Cataplafm. The Root being boiled in
Wine to foftnefs, ftamped, and then applied as a
Cataplafm to the Tefticles, it wonderfully abates
their Swelling, difculfingall hardnefs and colle&ions
of Humors: it alfo mollifies hard Tumors in any o-
ther part of the Body.

XV. The Spirituous Tinffure. It is good againft
Coldnefs, pains and weaknefs of the Head , Brain,
and Nerves, ftrengthens the Sight, Hops Defluxions
of Rheum into the Fyes, and is excellent againft the
Megrim from a cold Caufe, Vertigo, Carus, Lethar-
gy, Pallie, Convulfions, and other like Difaffefli-
ons of the Nerves, Brain, and Womb* it warms
anc1 ftrengthens the Stomach , caufes a good Appe-
tite, expels Wind, and gives eafe in Cramps, Gri-
pings of the Bowels, Colicks , and the Difeafe cal-
led Tenafmus. Dole half a Spoonful in a Glafs of
Wine Morning, Noon, and Night.

XVI. The

Chap, 2 66.

to

s.

i>6i

XVI. The Acid TinSure. There are but lew
tilings more excellent againft the Infeflion of the
Plague , whether it is taken as a ProphylaHick , or
a Curative; indeed in all Pellilential Diflempers it
does Wonders, for it deftroys the Poyfon and Malig-
nity in its Root, and for the lame reafon it is good
againlt the Bitings of Mad Dogs, Serpents, or any
other Venomous Creature; it is good againft Nau-
feoufnefs of the Stomach , and flops Vomitings ,
when fcarcely any thing elfe will prevail. Dole fo
many drops as may make the Vehicle pleafantly
lharp, to he often repeated in the day.

XVII. The Oily TinSure. Taken inwardly to
ten, twelve, or fifteen drops, or more, in a Glafs of
White Port Wine, it provokes Urine, expels Stones,
Sand, Gravel, or other Tartarous Matter in the Reins,
Ureters and Bladder; and cures alfo all cold, moift,
fleepy, and Paralytick Difeafes of the Head, Brain,
and Nerves. Outwardly anointed upon the Joints
it cures the Gout, and well anointed upon the Back
Bone twice a day , viz. Morning and Evening , as
alfo upon the parts affeUed, it cures Cramps, Con-
vulfions, and Palfies, and thofe kind of troublefom
Pains, vulgarly called a Rheumatilm.

XVIII. The Spirit. It is a Noble and Generous
Cordial, cheats the Heart, revives the Spirits, and
llrengthens Univerfal Nature; it is good againft
Fainting and Swooning Fits, Hypochondriack Me-
lancholy, and other Difeafes of like kind. Dofe a
Spoonful, now and then upon occaficn.

XIX. The Oil Dijii/led. Being given from fix
drops to twelve in any proper Vehicle, it cures the
Colick almoft to a Miracle; it llrengthens the Sto-
mach and all the other Vifcera, expels Wind, and
prevails againft a Tenafmus ; it is an excellent thing
to be taken Morning and Night for fome time, by
thole who are affefted with the Palfie, or any in-
ward Convulfions, and is of Angular ufe, being our-
wardly applied to the parts affefted with the fame
Difeafes, and gives eal'e in the Gout proceeding
from a cold Caule; anointed likewife upon pares
afteffed with a Rheumatifm, proceeding from cold,
it cures it.

XX. The Pottfiates or Powers. They have all
the V irtues of the Juice, Elfence, Infufion, Pouder,
Tinctures, Spirit, and Oil, and are more fubtil than
any of them; being inwardly taken they diffufe
themfelves thro’ the whole Body immediately, and
being outwardly bathed upon any part, they imme-
diately penetrate, even to the Bone it felf; yet they
are fo fife, tho’ very hot and fubtil, that they will
caufe no Coritraffions of the Nerves, but on the con-
trary, if they be applied to any thing of a Contra-
Sure’, they will in a few times ufing it cure the
fame.’ Dofe inwardly from Forty to Eighty, or a
Hundred drops, Morning and Night, in any Gene-
rous Wine.

XXI. The Elixir. This being the Powers exalt-'
ed, and brought to their utmoft perfection, may be
fai’d to have all the fame Virtues in transcendency.
They are more Stomatick than any of the former
Preparations, and therefore more proper to reftore.
the Tone of the Vifcera, being hurt, and this more
efpecially upon the Cure of a Dropfie. Dofe Sixty
or Eighty drops at a time, (feveral times in a day);
in a Glafs of ttrong and fragrant Wine.

XXII. The Co/lyrium. Take of the Liquid Juice,
clarified Honey, of each equal parts, mix them. It
is good againlt Dimnefs of the Sight, Films, Cloudi-
nel's. Pearls, Bloodfhot, and the like, being put in-
to the Eyes Morning and Evening. Being taken in-
wardly it is good againlt Coughs, Colds, Floarfe-
nels, Ihortnefs of Breath , difficulty of Breathing,
Poyfon, pains of the Spleen, and ftoppage of Urine.

XXIIi, The Prefervc. The Roots are taken

green and cleanfed, then the whole Roots are to be
boiled foft in White Port Wine, and fo put into
double refined Sugar, or clarified Honey, and boiled
till the Sugar ot Honey has penetrated them, and
that they are brought to a confiltence. The dryed
Roots may be pielerved alio in the fame manner
being firlt Iteeped till they are fofr in White Wire;
but yet the Preferve or the Green Roots is moft to
be defiled. It is good to remove the coldnefs of the
Vifcera, to warm and comfort a coid and moiit Sto-
mach, and caule Expetforation where F legm is lodg-
ed in the Lungs.

XXIV. The Syrup. Take of the frefli Roots a
Pound, being well cleanled bruife them, and fteep
them three or four days in Vinegjr, then extiacf the
Juice and Vinegar with a Prels; to every Pound
of which add a Pound and half of clarified Honey ,
which by gentle boiling bring into a Syrup. It' is
an excellent Peft oral, cleanfes the Brett and Lungs
of tough Flegm, caufing an eafie Expectoration; o-
pens Obllructions of the Stomach, Spleen, and other
Bowels, caufes a good Appetite and a ttrong Dige-
ftion, and repreffes a Flux of Humors to the Glan-
dulous parts of the Neck, Throat,' and Mefenteiy .

CHAP. CCLXVT.

Of FLAG Water,

0 R,

Water FLOWERDELUCE.

I. H E Names. It is called in Greek ivvlgt,

X in Lann Acorns paiaftri*-, Ejeu-

doirrs Dodon «£/, Iris lute a paluJirtL Acer us a.tuhcri-
nus Tragi , Acorns falfus Ccrdi , Gejneri , C Mat -
thio/i i acorns pain ft ns Lobelij , Gladiolus luteusi
in Englijh Water blag , Water blowcrdeluce , Segg ,
and Sc eg.

II. The Kinds. Some will have it that there are
two Kinds of this Plant, becaufe fometimes ic is
found fo exceeding large, as four Feet or more high,
and fometimes again it is found not to be alove A
Foot and half high, or two Feet at moft j but this
difference in my Opinion arifes only from the differ-
ing Qualities and Goodnefs of the Soil, it growing
fo exceeding large where the Soil is beft, and more
diminutive where it is worfer, there being otherwife
no difference in the Roots, Blades or Leaves, Stalks,
Flowers, Cods and Seed, nor yet in the manner and
form of its growing.

III. The Defcriptioh. It boat a Root which is tu-
ber oj 'e , but longer and flendcrer than thofe of the
Garden Flowerdeluces , of a pale browni/h Color on
the outfide , and of an Horfe b'lejh Color on the injide ,
with many hard fibres fpringrng therefrom * the whole
Root is very Styptick , and harfh in tafte. From this
Root fpring up Sword like Leaves, like to thofe of
the Garden Kind , (the whole Plant growing almoft
exaftly like to thofe of the Garden) but that this
has much longer and narrower fad green Leaves ,
joined together in the fame fafihion-, lometimes the
Sralk grows to be between four and five Feet high,
fometimes not above two Feet high, or a little more,
according to the Richnels or Poornefs of the Soil 5
at the tops of the Stalks come forth Flowers of a
perfect yellow Color, and lhaped fomewhat like un-
to thole of the Elowerdeluce , with three falling
Leaves , and other three arched which cover theft

A a a bot-

m

62 Salmon V 'Herbal.

Lib. I

bottoms, but inftead of the three upright Leaves, as
the Tlowerdeluces have, this has only three fhort pie-
ces Handing in their places , after which fucceed
thick and long three fquareCods or Heads,contaimng
in each part fomewhat large and flat Seed, very like
to thofe of the Garden Ylowerde luces , which are
fometimes reddifh, purplilh, and hlackifh.

IV. The "Places. It grows ufually in watery
Ditches, Ponds, Lakes, and Moorifh Grounds, which
are often overflowed, or kept wet with Water, as
at Lambeth , on the Bank Side of the Thames , and
Ditch Sides thereabouts ; alfo in moift Meadows,
low Grounds, Banks of Rivers , and the like: it
glows ill valt plenty in the Fens in Cambridgfkire ,
lftr of Ely , Bedfordshire , Lincolnjbire , O’ c. And
altho’ it 'is by nature a Watery Plant , yet it will
grow and profper very well if planted in Gardens.

° V. The Times. It grows up in the Spring , in
March and April , Flowers in July , and the Seed is
ripe in Augufi.

VI. The Qualities. The Root is chiefly ufed, and

is cold and dry in the fecond degree , Aftringent ,
Repercuflive , Traumatick , Anodyne , and Arthri-
tick. , . ,

VII. The Specification. It is known to bind the
Bowels, and flop all Fluxes of Blood or Humors.

VIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. A Juice. 2. An EJfence. 3. Anlnfifion
or Decollion in Wine. 4. j! Ponder. ;. A Cblly-
rium. 6. A Cataplajm. 7. An Ointment or Bal-
fam. 8. A Diftilled Water.

The Virtues.

IX. The Juice. Inwardly taken to a Spoonful
or two in a Glafs of Red Port Wine it is very aftrin-
genr, and flops all Fluxes of the Bowels , whether
of Blood or Humors, as alfo Piffing of Blood, over-
flown’; of the Terms, and other Fluxes ofBlood at
Mouth Noie, or other parts , in external Hamor-
rhages ’it muft be applied with Stuphes to the part.

X. The E fence. It has all the Virtues of the
Liquid Juice, but is more effe&ual, being inwardly

given, one or two Spoonfuls at a time, in any pro-
per Vehicle, but it is to be repeated fo often at due
intervals of time as need fhall require; It prefently
flops the overflowing of the Loches of Women in
Child-Bed, and ftrengthens the Womb, and all the
weakned parts.

XI. The Infufton or Dee oil tan in Wine. It has
the fame Virtues with the Juice and Effence, but is
weaker, and therefore muff he given in larger quan-
tities, as five or fix Ounces twice a day.

XII. The Ponder. Given to one Dram, or more,
in Wine, it flops all internal Fluxes ofBlood, whe-
ther in the Lungs, Stomach, Guts, Reins, Bladder,
or Womb: outwardly applied alfo it flops Bleed-
ing, and being fttewed upon old, moifl, and running
Sores, it cleanfes, dries up the moifture, and indu-
ces their healing : ftrewed upon a foul Bone it is faid
to cleanfe it and cover it with Flelh.

XIII. The Collyrium. Take of the Diftilled Wa-
ter four Ounces , Red Port Wine two Ounces, of
the clarified Juice of the Root one Ounce, mix them.
Dropt into fore and watering Eyes it flops the Flux
of Rheum, dries and heals them ; Cloths or Spunges
may alfo be wetted therein and applied upon the .
Forehead; it takes away alfo Clouds, Dimnefs,
Films, Pearls, and the like.

XIV. The Cataplafm. Applied to the Joints in
the Gout it eafes the Pain, and ftrengthens the part
afflicted, fo that the Difeafe feldom or never returns
any more upon that Foot; it alfo flops any Flux of
Humors upon the part.

XV. The Ointment or Ba/fam. It is ufed after
cleanfing of Wounds or Ulcers, to dry, incarnate,
and heal, for as it breeds Flefh, fo it flops any de-
fluxion of Humors thereupon, hindring the growing
of proud Flefh.

XVI. The Diftilled Water. Dropt into the Eyes
it is good againft the watering of them, applied to
the Forehead in wet Spunges it flops Defluxions, and
fomented on hot Tumors and Inflammations of Wo-
mens Breafts, as alfo upon Cancers, and noli me tan-
gere, it cools and gives much eale, and this more
efpecially if it is mixed with a little Saccbarum Sa-
turni , and then it prevails againft foul and putrid
Ulcers happening in the Privy Parts of Man or Wo-
man, or in any other part of the Body.

CHAP. CCLXVII.

Of F L A X Manured or Common.

I.'T'ffF' Names. It is called by the Arabians

1 Bazariehichen, or Bezerchetan , in Greek Aim,
in Latin Linum , and in Eng/ijh P/ax , and Line ,
which laft Name fome will have from making
Lines of it; but I take it to he derived from the
Greek Name.

II. The Kinds. Of flax there are two principal
Kinds, viz. 1. The Manured, of which we lhall
Treat in this Chapter. 2: The Wild Kind, of which
in the next. The Manured , Garden , ox Common
Kind , is a Angular Plant, (of the Peelings of which
they make fine Cloths) and is deferibed as iollowfeth.

III. The Defcription. It has -a /mail fibrous Root,
which perijhcs every Tear , from whence rifes up a
round pliant Stalk , about a yard high , befet with nar-
row, long , and J oft Leaves , without any order , and
is branched on the top into three or four /mail Branch-
es, each of them bearing two or three fair Blue flow-
ers made of jive round pointed Leaves apiece , with

’ fome

Chap. 267. 'EngHjh Herbs.

if

lumella fays, in a far, moift, and fruitful Soil. Some,
fays Palladius , Sow it thick in a lean Ground, and
fo have a fine fort of Flax. Pliny fays that it is to
be Sown in Gravelly places, efpecially in Furrows.
Experience has taught us that it grows admirably
well in Light, Sandy and Gravelly Grounds, fucli
as France abounds with, where it grows in vaft plen-
ty, and in other Countries where the Ground is
Sandy and Light, as in Florida.

V. The Times. Flax is Sown in the Spring, and
Flowers in June and July, the Seed ripening in the
mean Seafon^ after it is plucked up, or cut down,
as Pliny Lib. 19. Cap. 1. fays, the Stalks being bound
up in fmall Bundies, are put into Water fubjeft to
the heat of the Sun, and have fome weighty things
laid thereon, that they may the better lfeep, and
they are fo long to lye in the Water, till the Rind
or Peeling feems to be loofened fo as it may eafily
peel off, then it is taken up and dryed in the Sun 5
after which the Peelings are prepared for the Block
and Hackle, to make the Fibres thereof very fine,
in order for Spinning and Making Cloth.

VI. The Qualities. There is nothing of this Plant
ufed in a Phyfical way but the Seed only, and that
feems to be temperate in refpeft to heat or coldnefs,
and is Emollient and Laxative , Pe&oral and Anti-
pleuritick.

VII. The Specification. It is peculiar againft
Pleurifies, the Piles, and all Contraflures of the
Nerves and Mufcles.

VIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. The Seed prepared. 2. A Pouder of the
Seed. 3. A DecoUion. 4. A half am. 5. A Cat a -
plafm, 6. An Oil by Exprejfion. 7. A Fumigation .

The Virtues.

IX. The Seed prepared. Galen lays that fome
parched the Seed, and eat it with Honey for Food,
and that others put it into their Bread, but lays he
prime Aliment orum, it troubles the Stomach, is hard
of Digeftion, and gives not much Nourifhment to
the Body ^ but as to the moving of the Belly down-
wards (fays he) I will neither commend nor'difcorri-
mend it, but it in fome fmall meafure provokes U-
rine, which it does belt being parched.

- X. The Pouder of the Seed. If it is'mixtwith
an eighth part of Pepper in fine Pouder, and made
into an Eleftuary with Honey, and taken to the
quantity of a large Nutmeg every Morning falling,
and Night going to Bed, it prevails againlt Coughs,
Colds, Hoarfenefs , Wheezing, Obftruftions ol the
Lungs, and vehement Catarrhs.

XI. The DecoUion in Wine. Sweetned with Ho-
ney and drunk it eafes the Bellyach and Colick ,
Stitches, and all Inflammations of the Vifcera*, if
Raifons are boiled in it it opens (fays Pliny ) the Ob-
Itruftions of the Liver * and if it is applied to any
fretting or running Sore it dries it, and Hays it from
fpreading farther.

XII. The half am. If it is made into a Ballam
withRolin, Pouder of Myrrh, and fome of the Oil
by Exprelfion, and applied to Ruptures, or Swellings
of the Scrotum or Teflicles, it cures the one and
difculfes the other ; it alfo difculfes Tumors in any
other part of the Body.

XIII. The Catap lafm. If it is made with equal
parts of Line Seed, Fenugreek Seed , and Mallows,
and applied, it is of good ufe to mollifie and difcufs
any Tumor or Hardnefs in any pait of the Body.
If it is made with Sal Nitre and Fig-Tree Allies it
eafes the Pains, and takes away the hardnefs of the
Nerves, Tendons, and Mufcles. If it is made with
Figs and Wild Cucumber Roots, and applied, it
draws forth Splinters, Thorns, Nails, Prickles,

A a a 2 Splimets

^04

T

Salmon’/ Herbal. Lib. 1.

Splinters ot Broken Bones, or any oilier thing fttck-
ing in the fleih. If it is made with Cr dies it takes
away the ruggednefs of the Nails. If it is made
with Olibanum, Myrrh, and Wine, and applied to
the forehead, it helps the Watering of the Eyes If
it is made with Honey, Suet, and Bees Wax, and
applied, it helps Struma’s, hard Kernels and Swel-
lings under the Ears or Throaty it takes away alio
Spots and Blemifhes of the Skin, Sunburnings, and
other Difcolorings.

XIV. The Oil by Expreffien. It is faid to be a
Specifick for curing a Pleurifie, asalfo Stitches, Pe-
ripneumonia’s, and other exquifite pains of the T bo-
rax, giving it to fix or eight Ounces at a time, or
more, and repeating the fame at due intervals of
time fo long as need requires ; it is an excellent thing
to anoint with, to mollifie the fhrinking and hard-
nds of the Nerves, Tendons, or Mufcles, foften
anv hard Swelling, and to give eafe, and cure the
Piles, Chaps of the Fundament; to foften the hard-
nefs thereof, and eafe the pain it alio foftens the
hardnefs of the Mother ; if it is beaten with Red
Rofe Water, or rather with Water, in which Nitre,
or Saccharum Saturni has been diffolved, and then
be applied to Burnings and Scaldings, it cures them ;
it is good to burn in Lamps, and will burn longer
than Oil Olive will, yet it makes much moreSmoak
and Soot: befides all thefe things, it is of excellent
ufe for Painters to make their Drying Oil of, and
to mix their Colors with to be applied to Cloth, or
Wood or Stone, Iron, Copper, or Glafs, Etc.

XV T he Fumigation. If a Woman fits over the
Fumes' of the DecoSion of the Seed in Water, or
in Water and Vinegar, it foftens the hardnefs of the
Womb, and eafes the pains of the Mother.

good Order, by couples, one oppofite againlf ano-
ther. At the tops of the fmall Branches the Flow-
ers grow, of a white color, confuting of five fmall
Leaves apiece, the Nails whereof are yellow. In
the infide are placed fmall (hort Chives alfo of a
yellow color ; after which come up little Knobs or
Buttons, the tops of which, when the Seed is ripe,
divide themfelves into five parts, in which is con-
tained linall, fmooth, flat, llippery yellow Seed.
When the Seed is ripe, the whole Herb perilhes.
The Plant is of a bitter Tafte and herby Smell.

IV. The feconi , or White Wild Flax, has a Root
which is tough and finally and grows like , and has
Leaves like unto the Manured Flax, but narrower ,
and growing upon round , bright and /Joining Stalks ,
a foot long , having Flowers like the Manured Flax,
but of a white color. But this Plant is fometimes
found with deep blew Flowers, with Violet colored
Flowers, and fometimes with white Flowers, Itrea-
ked with purple Lines.

CHAP. CCLXVIII.

Of FLAX Wild.

1. TT1 H E Names. It is called in Greek , Mm

L iyexw : in Latin , Lmum fylveftre , Linum
twrefte -, and in Englijh , Wild Flax.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral kinds of this
Plant, as, I. Linum fylvejireCatharticum , Linum
Anghcum , Our Englilh Wild Flax, nr Purging Wild
Flax, called by the Country People, Mtl-Mountain.

2. Linum fylveftre angufiifolium floribus alb is , v el
Cvru/eis , White Wild Flax. 3- Linum fylveftre
tenuifo/ium , Thin or Narrow-leav’d Wild Flax. 4.
Linum fylveftre latifolium floribus Ccerulek , Broad-
leav’d Wild Flax, blew-fiowted. 5. Lmum fylve-
ftre latifolium floribus Lutein , Broad-leav’d Wild
Flax yellow-Howred. 6. Cbameelinum perpucillum ,
Linum fylveftre pumilum , Dwarf Wild Flax. 7.
Linum Jylveftre vu/gatius. The more common Wild
Flax.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Purging
Wild Flax, bar a crooked Root, which is fmall, white
and fibrous, which fends forth fometimes one , but
■mofl commonly five, fix or more round Stalks, about
eight, ten,or twelve inches high , of a brown or red -
difh color -, every Stalk dividing it felf near the top,
or front the middle upwards into many Branches , of
a greener color than the lower part of the Stalk.
The Leaves are fmall, fmooth, and of a green color,
of the bignels of Lentil Leaves, and have in the
middle one Rib or Nerve, and no more that may
be perceived, and grow along on the Stalk, in very

%/ilcLFlai

V. The third, or Thin or Narrow leav’d Wild
Flax, has a lough fender Root, with fSveral Fibres
adjoining to it, which fends forth many Stalks , fur-
nifhed With narrow thin Leaves : the Flowers con-
fift of five Leaves apiece, of a light Purple 01 Fleih
color, which do foon fade and hill away. Tha
Stalks are of about a Cubic in height, belet with
fmall Leaves; yea leffer than thole of Linaria pur-
purea. The whole Plant is very like to the Common
Manured Flax , but in eve iy relpeft leifer.

VI. The fourth, or Broad-leav’d blew-fiowred,
has a Root Which is great, and lives after Seed-time ,
/booting forth new Stalks , with woolly Leaves on
them , and fo abides alltheWinter. This Root, fays
Gerard, does continue many Years without Sowing,
encreafing by its Root into many other Stalks, ri-
fing up with many thick, lliff and hairy Branches,
fometimes with but one, and fometimes with more,
a foot, or foot and halt high, and fcefet with many
rough and hairy broad Leaves, (btoaderthan in any
of the other forts.) The Stalks towards their tops
branch themfelves out, and are befet vtdth finaller
Leaves than thofe below. At the tops of the Stalks

do

Chap. 269. 'Englijh Herbs.

y>s

do grow many blew flowers, much greater and larger
than thofe of the Common manuredFlax,even as great
almoft and large as Mallows, fometimes of a deeper,
and fometimes of a Paler blew *, conlifting of five
Leaves a piece ^ which being paft away, there fuc-
ceeds fmall fharp pointed heads ( in the green husk
which held the flowers) which are full of Seed ^
and being ripe, open and (hew the fame, which is
flat, and of a blackifh fhining Colour, like Line
Seed.

VII. The Fifth , or Broad leav’d yellow flowred,
has a Root which is thick and crooked , with many Fi-
bres thereat , which perifhes not , but abides many
Tears. It fprings forth with many Stalks , about a
Cubit high , fomewhat red and ftijf, alfo round and of
a brownifi) Colour, fet with pretty large and thick
Leaves , not rough and hairy , but fmooth a?td hard.
The Flowers grow plentifully on the tops of the
Stalks, being compofed of five Leaves apiece, and
are large, of a fair, fhining, yellow Color, with
five threads, coming forth in their middle, having
alfo as many fmaller and fhorter hairs. The Seed
is contained in Pleads, flatter than in any of the
other, and is of a blacker Color, but not fhining
like them.

VIII. The Sixth , or Dwarf Wild Flax, has a
Root which is fmall and threddy , which fends forth
many /lender Stalks , of about five, fix, feven, eight,
or nine Inches high, furnifhed with feveral fmall,
long Leaves, and growing on them by Couples. At the
tops of the Branches grow the Flowers, which are
White, or of a pale yellow, leffer than thofe of the
manured Flax, with yellow Threads in the middle.
The Seed is contained in little round heads, and is
fmall. The whole plant is in all things like unto
Flax } but in its Stalks, Leaves and Flowers, and
all other parts thereof, it is four times leffer.

IX. The Seventh, or more Common Wild Flax,
has a Root like the manured Kind, and grows alfo like
it, but has greater and higher Stalks , more branched
at the Tops, and bearing a greater Jiock of blew Flow-
ers on them, with Seed alfo like to the fame : But the
Seed Veffels will hold or contain the fame, and not
break open, when ripe, with the heat of the Sun,
as the manured kind will do.

X. The Places. The firft grows plentifully in
the unmanured Inclofures of Hampjhire, onChalky
Downs, and on Purfleet Hills, in EJJex, as alfo in
many other places of this Kingdom : Gejner would
would have it to be the Helleborine of the Ancients.
All the reft grow in Gravelly Grounds : The fecond
and feventh, in well manured Places, as alfo in Gar-
dens and other the like Soils. The fourth and fixth,
grow upon Rocks and Cliffs near the Sea-fide, Ge-
rard faw them grow upon the Sea-banks by Lee in
Ejfex, and in many places in the Ifle of Sheppy :
They grow alfo between ^ueenborough and Sherland
Houfe. The third and fifth, in Borders of Fields,
in untilled places, and Hilly Grounds.

XI. The Times. The firft fprings out of the
Ground at the beginning of the Spring, and flowers all
the Summer. All the reft flower thro’ all June,
July, and Augujl ; the Seed ripening in the mean
time.

XII. The Vitalities, Specifications, Preparations,
and Virtues of the fix latter deferibed Plants, are
the fame with thofe of the manured Flax in Chap.
267. aforegoing, and therefore we fhall fay no more
of them here f but come di redly to confider the firft,
or Cathariick kind, which is the moft ufeful.

XIII. The Vitalities. It is hot and dry, fup-
pofed in the fecond Degree : Stomatick, and La-
th ar tick. How this Herb came to be fo known, as to
be taken notice of, Mr. Goodyer ( in Johnfon upon

Gerard’s Herbal) has given us an account of going
to an Apothecaries Shop at Winchefter in Hamp/hire,
I faw ( fays he ) this Herb lying upon the Stall,
which I had feen long before, I defired of him to
know the Name of it^ he told me, it was called
Mill Mountain, and that Dodor Lake’s Man had
given him the name of it, as alfo the Way how
his Matter the Dodor ( who was afterwards Bifhop
of Bath and Wells) did ufe it.

XIV. The Virtues and Ufe. Take a Handful of
Mill Mountain, the whole Plant, Leaves, Seeds,
Flowers and all, bruife it, and put it into a
Pipkin, with a' Pint of White Wine, and fet it ori
hot Embers to Infufe all Night, then pour off the
clean Wine, and drink it the next Morning falling:
This will give eight or ten Stools, and purges and
cleanfes the Stomach and Bowels admirably well
And this was the thing, which the faid Dodor
always ufed for his Purge.

CHAP. CCLXIX.

Of FLAXWEED Narrow leav’d,,

0 R,

T OAD-F LAX Narrow leav’d.

I. np/fE Names. It is not known to have any
X Greek Name, and yet Authors have called
it ivop and ’'Owe/? : in Latin, Pfeudolinum, and
Linaria : in Englifh, Flaxweed and Toad FlaXk

H. The Kinds. There are three General Kinds
of this Plant, viz. 1 . "Vivtimvov s-zvommcv, Linaria ,
anguftifolia, narrow leaved Flaxweed, or Toad Flax,
of which in this Chapter. 2. Pfeudolinum, vcl Li-
naria latifolia, broad leaved Flaxweed, of which,
in the next Chapter , 3. Chamce linaria s Linaria pu-

mild>

7 66 Salmon s Herbal Lib. I.

w/A/, Linaria repens , creeping Flax weed, or Toad
Flax, of which in Chapter. 271. following.

III. 0/ //-’<? fir ft of tbefe General Kinds , there
are thele Species following. 1. Linaria Vulgaris no-
fir as, Pfeudolinum Brunfelfii/Loneceri, and Do dome i,
OJ'yris,Matthioli,Luchfii,Cordi,2.n&. Lobelij : Our Com-
mon Flaxweed, or Toad Flax. 2. Linaria Valentina
Clufij, Hifpanica tertia Guff Spanilh Flaxweed of
Ou fius. 7. Linar in Pannonica major , vel Ofyris al-
ba, White Flaxweed or Toad Flax. 4. Linoftyris
Nupcrorum Lobelij , Golden Star falhioned Flax-
weed, or Toad Flax. 7. Linaria aurea Tragi , Gol-
den Flaxweed, or Toad Flax. 6. Linaria five Ofyris,
vel Scop aria Italorum , Befom Flaxweed, or Toad
Flax. 7. Pfeudolinaria montana alba , Anonymus C/u-
fii ■, Anthylis Montana Lugdunenfis , Linaria adult e-
rina alba , Ballard Flaxweed, or Toad Flax. 8. Li-
wra purpurea , Purple Flaxweed, or Toad Flax,
variable Flaxweed.

IV. The Defcriptions. Tbe fir ft, or our Com-
mon Flaxweed, has a Root which is fomewbat Woody ,

White, efpecially the main down right one, with
many Libre s, abiding many Tears, /hooting forth Roots,
every way about, and new Branches every Tear, which
fends forth divers J, mall, [lender, blacki/h Stalks, full
fet with long and narrow LI ax like, blew or afthcolor-
ed Leaves, and from the middle of them upwards,
replenifhed with a number of pale yellow L lowers ( of
a ftrong unpleafant Scent )having Spurs hanging to
them like Larks fpurs j and having a Mouth like to
a Frogs Mouth, fuch as are to be feen in Common
Antirrhinum, or Snapdragon ( of which Flaxweed is
faid to be a Kind ) which are deeper and yellow
withall. After the Flowers are pall away, round
Heads come forth, having blackilh flat Seeds. The
whole Plant before it comes to Flower, is fo very
like to Efula minor, that the one is fcarcely known
ftom the other, but by this Old Verfe : Efula lafle-
feit -, fine l able Linaria crefcit.

V. The fecond, or Spanifh Flaxweed, has a Root
like the other, which perijbes not in Winter, but a-
bidcs for a long time, and by which the Plant multi-
plies it ft 1 elf and is increafed. From the Root fpring
up many fmall Stalks, about a Foot high or more,
on which grow very plentifully many narrow Leaves
of a grey ifh or Alhcolor, and at the tops of them,
llore of lmall Flowers, which are of a Whitilh co-
lor on the out fide, and more purpliih inwardly
but about the gaping Mouth, being of a more yel-
low color, but yet pale alfo ^ the fpur behind being
of a purplifh color ; the Seed which fucceds(when
it has any, for it feldom bears) is like to the for-
mer.

VI. The third, or White Flaxweed, has a great,
thick and long Root with ftome Fibres or Strings ad-
joining to it, from which rife up many Branches or
Stalks very large and pliant, befet towards the top
with Flowers, but of a pale, whitifh color, and the
inner part of the Mouth is fomewbat more wide and
open than the firft, and the Leaves like to the Common
fort. Indeed this is in many things like to our
Common kind, but the Leaves hereof are larger,
and the Flowers greater, and fewer of a pale yel-
low, but of a deeper yellow in the Mouth, with
lome hairinefs therein.

VII. The fourth , or Golden Starfafhioned, has a
Root compatl cf many Strings, intangled one within
another from whence rife tip Stalks very ft iff and
Woody , befet with Leaves like the Common Linaria at
SeCt. IV. above, with Flowers at the tops of the
Stalks, of a faint Jkining, yellow color, in form and
Jhape f omewbat like unto Cony za major. This Herb is
ftalked and leaved like Common Flax, and thought
by fome to be the true Ofyris ■, for which reafon
latter Writers have called it by a Compounded ,

Name Linofyris, it grows to be three Feet or more
high, and is in tafte fharp and bitter, having a
Clamminefs or Glutinofity with all.

VIII. The fifth, or Golden Flaxweed, has a great
tufted Fibrous Root , from whence rife up many Stalks
a Loot and a half high •, which are divided towards
the tops into many fmall Branches : On the feveral
Tops grow Tufts of fmall Flowers, each little
flower being parted into five parts, with a little
thread or pellle in the middle ; fo that it feems full
of many golden Hairs or Thrums. The Seed is long
and blackilh, and is carried away with the Wind.
Labius Columna has proved this to be the Chryfo-
corae deferibed by Diof corides. Lib. 4. Cap. 57.

IX. The Sixth, or Befom Flaxweed, has a Root
conftifting of a great number of blacki/h Strings fet
together, which , with the whole Plant perifhes every
Tear. From this Root fprings up mofl ufually but
one ftraight upright fquare Stalk, three foot and a
half or more high, ( as it grows in our Gardens )
branching it felf out divers ways 5 bearing thereon,
many long, narrow Leaves like our Garden or Ma-
nured Flax, very thick fet together, like unto a
Bufh, or rather like unto a fair green Cyprefs-tree ,
growing broad below, and Spire fafhion upwards,
of a very fair green Colour. At the feveral joynts
of the Branches towards the Tops, and among the
Leaves, come forth fmall reddilh Flowers, not ea-
fily feen, nor much regarded, which turn into fmall
round blackilh grey Seed. This Broom flaxweed,
tho1 it has no beautiful Flowers ^ yet the Curious
Plant it in their Gardens, becaufe the green Plant
full of Leaves, is very delightful to behold ^ being
in Italy and other places, planted not only in their
Gardens, but alfo in Pots, to furnilh and adorn their
Windows i and even with us it grows to be fo de-
lectable a green Bulh, that it is thought to be wor-
thy to be enumerated among our Hortary rarities
and delights.

X. Gerard fays that this Befom, or Bulhy Flax-
weed from one fmall Stalk fas manyShoots or Branches,
making the whole Plant to refemble a Cyprefs-tree,
the Branches growing fo handftbmely ; very thick and

Bu/hy ,

Chap. 2 6g. 'Englijb Herbs .

367

Bujhy, fo that in fome places where it naturally
grows , they make Befomsof it , from whence came the
1. tame Scop.iri i. The Leaves are linall and narrow,
a 1 mult like to the Leaves of flax. The Flowers are
linall, and of an 1 lerby color, growing among the
Leaves ^ it keeps Green to Winter, or till theFrofty
weather comes, the hardfhip of which it never out
lives.

XI The Seventh , or Baftard Flaxweed, has a Root
which is White , divided into feveral Branches , and
lives long , every Tear fending up many Stalks , which
are hard , pale, green and ft raked •, growing to be a
Foot high or more $ and upon thefe, without any order,
grow many hard , narrow , long Leaves , like thofe of
Flax •, at fir ft of a very tart , but afterwards of a
bitterifh Tafie. The tops of the Stalks are branch-
ed out into feveral Foot ftalks, which carry little
white Flowers, confifting of five fmall leaves a-
piece, lyirig Star fafhion, with fome threads in the
midli Thefe being palt away, a fingle five cor-
nered Seed comes forth, containing a white Pith,
in a hard Film or Skin.

XII. The Eighth , or Purple Flaxweed, has a Root
which is fmall and thready, perifhtng for the moft
part every Tear , and fpringing again of its own f ow-
ing, if it is f offered to Jhed its Seed, except the hard-
nefs of the Winter kills it. From this Root rife up
feveral fmall, thick, long, and fomewhat narrowifh
Leaves, of a whitifh green Color ^ among^ which rife
up divers Stalks of a Cubit height,befet with long
narrow Leaves, like unto thofe of our Common
Flaxweed at Sett. IV. aforegoing : Thefe Stalks to-
wards the Tops are replenifhed with many fmall
Flowers of a Purple Color, growing together one
above another, fpike fafhion, which are fmall and
fomewhat lweet, whilft they are frefh, and formed
much like unto our Firft or Common Flaxweed, with
a gaping mouth, but they are much fmaller, and

want that crooked Spur behind. Sometimes they
are of a fad Purple, near unto a Violet Color, and
fometimes of a Paler blew Color, having a yel-
low fpot in the middle, or gaping place. The Flow-
ers being paft fmall, hard, round heads come forth,
in wbich are contained fmall, fiat, and grey ifh Seed.

XIII. The Flares. The firft grows almoft every
where thro’ the whole Kingdom, both by the Way
fides, as in Meadows, and alfo by Hedge fides, and
upon the fides of Banks and borders of Fields. The
feventh grows on Mountainous places in Germany
and it has been found growing Wild in England, on
the fide of a Chalky Hill, in an Inclofure, on the
right hand of the Way as you go from Droxford to
Poppie Hill in Hampfbire -, all the reft are only nurlt
up with us in Gardens.

XIV. The Times. They all flower in the Summer
Months, from May to Auguft, and the Seed is ripe
foon after. The eighth, tho: it often fows it felf,
yet by reafon a hard frofty Winter may kill the Seed,
it ought to be fown anew every Spring.

XV. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the
fecond Degree $ Aperitive , Abfterfive, andBiure-
tick, Hepatick , Splenetick, and Nephritick, Cathar-
tick, Emmenagogick, Sudorifick , and Alexipbarmick *

XVI. The Specification. They are peculiar againft
the Strangury, Dropfie, Jaundice, and Poyfon.

XVII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, j. A Juice, 2. An Effence, 2. An Infufion
or Decottion in Wine. 4. A Pouder of the Seed. 5. A
diftilled Water from the whole Plant. Of all thefe
kinds, the firft is the moft effectual, and moft ufed.

The Virtues .

XVIII. The Liquid Juice. Given to three or
four fpoonfuls Morning, Noon, and Night in a
Glafs of White Lisbon or Port Wine, it gives eafe
in the Strangury, powerfully provokes Urine when
it is flopped by Sand, Gravel or Tartarous matter,
and carries off by Piffing the Water in Dropfies. It
effectually provokes the Terms in Women, and
drives forth the Dead Child and After-birth. Pur
into Foul Ulcers, whether they be Cancerous or Fi-
ftulous, with Tents rowled therein, or the parts
wafhed therewith, or it being iniefted into them,
cleanfes them throughly from the bottom, and in a
fhort time heals them up fafely. It alfo cleanfes the
Skin wonderfully from all forts of filthinefs and de-
formities, as Spots, Marks, Freckles, Lentils, Yellow-
nefs, tawninefs, Wheals, pimples Scabs, Scurfs, Mor-
phew, Leprofie, and other the like Defcedations.

XIX. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the
Liquid Juice, befides which, it wafhes and cleanfes
the Reins and Uretory parts from Stones, Gravel,
Sand, and Tartarous Mucilage heaped up in thofe
parts-, and taken from two to four Spoonfuls
in White Lisbon or Port Wine, it moves the Belly
downwards, and prevails both againft the Dropfie
and Yellow Jaundice. Dropt into the Eyes, it is a
certain remedy againft all Heat, Inflamations, and
Rednefs therein. It opens obftruHions of the Liver
and Spleen, purifies the Blood, and is good againft
Hypochondriack Melancholy.

XX. The Infufton, or Decottion in Wine. It has
all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but weaker
in Operation, and therefore mutt be given in larger
Dofes, as to fix, feven or eight Ounces. It expels '
Poyfon, and is good againft the Bitings of Mad
Dogs, Serpents, or other venemous Beafts.

XXI. The Pouder of the Seed. Given to One
Dram with the Liquid Juice, or Effence, or Infufi-
on or DecoUion as aforelaid, and continued for le-
veral days together, it is held to be a Angular Re-
medy

Salmons Herbal.

Lib. I.

medy againlt the Dropfie, by real'on it powerfully eva-
cuates VVatrv Humors. It operates fo much the more
effectually, if the Pouder of the Bark of Dwarf El-
der, be mixed therewith in equal quantities, and it
be aromatiz'd with a little Cinnamon.

XXII. The D filled Water. It has the Virtues
of Juice, Eflence and Decoction, but afts in a much
weaker manner. It cools Inliamaticns in any part,
and may lerve as a Vehicle to convey the other pre-
parations in.

chap. CCLXX.

Of FLAXWEED Broad leav’d,

o. r,

T O A D-F LAX, Broad leav’d.

1. /~I"' H E Names. It is called in Greek, (if what
JL fome Modern Writers fay, may be admitted
’VivJi^tvzv -TTha-rvipvhhcy ; in Latin Pfeudolinum latifoli-
um , Linaria latifolia, Ofyris latifolia, alfo Urinal is ,
and Urinaria -, from the Effects : in Englijh , Broad-
leaved Flax-weed, or Toad-flax.

II. The Kinds. Some have taken this to be the
Antirrhinum Plinij h but it may poflibly be the
Ofyris Dio fcoridis, Galeni, & Plinii : Authors make
five Kinds of this Broad leaved, viz. t. Linaria
latifolia , Sive Ofyris latifolia, alba Lobelii ■, White
tlowred broad leaved Flaxweed. 2. Linaria Ameri-
cana fiore parvo, American Flaxweed. 3. Linaria
Latifolia Dalmatic a,T\\t Great Dalmatian Flaxweed.
4. Linaria Latifolia Cretica Major, The great broad
leaved Candy Flaxweed. 5;. Linaria triphylla Ccerulea
A pula F abii Column a, The blew three leaved Flax-
weed of Naples.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft or white flown d
broad leaved, has a Root which is white , long, thick ,
and great, enduring fever al Tears, and not decaying -,
from which Root rife up many tough, pliant Stalks,
with many Leaves thereon, fome broad , cut into ma-
ny narrow long flips, and fome of them long and
narrow, without any cut or divifton, fomewhat like
thofe of our Common narrow leaved Flaxweed in
Chap. 269.SeU4.Set fometimes upon a middle Rib,
after a Winged falhion, yet commonly at the end of the
rib, broadband divided into two or three, or more parts.
At the tops of the Stalks grow feveral pale, whitifh
Flowers, refembling the aforenamed common kind,
but with a wider and more open mouth. The Seed
is not unlike the other, being very fmooth.

IV. The fecond, or American kind:, has a Root
like the former, which J. hoots forth feveral fmall flcn-
der, reddifl Stalks, fpread into many branches, on
which grow on both fides of them ('but without any
order ) many dark green Leaves, which are broad,
in ref pell to the narrow leav'd kinds, but narrower
than thofe of Dalmatia/?/’ Candy next following,^
not much fhorter, and end in a fharp Point. The
Flowers grow at tops of the Stalks, in the fame
manner which the Common narrow leaved kind do,
at Chap. 269. Sell. 4. and are of a gold yellow co-
lor, but much lefler than they.

V. The third, or Great Dalmatian, has a Root
which is white , and fpreads it felf by feveal ramifi-
cations under Ground, not pc rifling as the Wild kind
does, but abiding in the Winter with both Root and
Stalks , fkooting forth frejh Leaves every Spring.

Thefc Leaves are fair, large, and green, Ipreading
upon the Ground, being about 2 inches long, and
an Inch broad, ending very fharp pointed./ without any
foot-ftalks atthem,but riling up with the Staik, which
is firm, hard and round, about 2 or 3 Feet high, and
has like Leaves let thereon, without any order, up to
the top, but lefler and lefler, as they grow higher.
The Stalk is branched at the top, having at every
one of the branches fuch like Ipikes of deep, or
gold-yellow Flowers as are in the Common Wild
Kind at Chap. 269. Sell. 4. with Spurs behind them
but each of them are three or four times larger than
the Common aforenamed ^ and the Seed is alfo like
the fame, and encloled in like heads, but larger.

VI. The fourth, or Great broad leav’d Candy, has
a Root which is hard and white , bigger at the head ,
and fmall below, with fome Fibres adjoining to it. This
Root fends forth a round thick Stalk, two or three
feet high, fpreading into many branches, on which
are fet fometimes two, and fometimes three Leaves
together, on a fmall foot-fta lk on each fide of them,
fometimes one againlt another, and fometimes not,
without keeping any order, each of which is larger
and longer than thofe of the Dalmatian kind, and of
a greyilh green color, with three veins or ribs in e-
very one of them. At the tops of the branches grow
Flowers made for the Form, like the other kinds,
but of a differing color-, for the gaping Mouth is
of a pale blew, and more yellow underneath, with
a pale or blewifh, and fometimes more purplifh
Spur behind -, the Heads and Seed, are alfo like
thofe of our Common Wild kind at Cap. 2 69. Sell.
4. aforementioned.

VII. The fifth, or Blew three leav’d, has a Root
which is fmall and white, which fends forth fometinfes
but one Stalk, fometimes more than one, which are
White : At whofe joints, is fometimes but one, and
fometimes three Leaves fet together, divided almojl
like Rue leaves, but larger, and cut deeper in, and
pointed at the ends oft a grey/Jh green, or Afh color.
The tops of the Stalks are replenil lied with fuch
like Flowers, but Jfmaller} and wholly .of a blew
color, excepting the Mouth which is yellow. They
being paft away, fmall round Heads follow, con-
taining large, flat, and blackilh Seed.

VIII. The Places. Their Names or Title fhew
their Original, or in what places they are Natives ;
but being brought to us are Nurft uponly in Gardens:
and the firft is a peculiar Garden Plant.

IX. The Times. They all flower in the Summer
Months, from the end of May to the end of Au-
guft, but with us, fcarcely give any ripe Seed 5 The
American kind flowers very late, as about the end,
of Auguft.

X. The Vitalities, Specifications, Preparations
and Virtues, are the fame with thofe of the
narrow leav’d kind, and in efpecial with the firft of
that Species in the lalt Chapter, that being the molt:
eftecacious of them all j after which, thefe of the
broad leav’d kind come next in place.

XI. An Obfervation. The broad leav’d Flaxweed
is by much the more powerful opener of ObftruUi-
ons of the Reins, Ureters, and Blader, and the
greater provoker of Urine ■, From which eminent
faculty it was, that it obtained the Names of Uri-
nalis and Urinaria : It gives prefen t eafe in the
Srangury, heat, pain, fharpnefs and fcalding of U-
rine, and expels Stones, Gravel, Sand, and Tarta-
rous Mucilage from the Urinary parts, being given
the Juice, Eflence, Infufion, DecoUion, Syrup or
Pouder, '& c.

CHAP,

Chap. 271. ‘EngUj

CHAP. CCLXXI.

0/ FLAX WEED Creeping,

0 r7

T O A D~F LAX Dwarf.

I. f~T^HE Names. It may be called in Greek
1 'JftuJtuw tfroy^ in Latin Rfeudolinum repens ^
Linaria pumila : and in Englijh Dwarf or Creeping
Flaxweed , or Toad F lax.

II. The Kinds. Authors make fix or more kinds,
molt of them ftrangers to us in England h the chief
which we Ihall take notice of in this place, are
the three following, viz. 1. Linaria ccerulea repens.
The Creeping, or Dwarf, blew, or purple Flaxweed’
or Toad Hax. 2. Linaria pumila nifpanica , Spanilh
Dwarf Flaxweed, or Toad Flax. This is Ofyrisfla-
va Sylveftris Bauhini , and the Ofyris minor Tabern
montani. 3. Linaria quadri folia fupina , or quadri folia
Alpina ^ Linaria Alpina Gefnen • LinariatertiaSty-
riaca Clufii , Four leav’d Creeping Flaxweed, or blew
Mountain Toad Flax.

III. The Defcriptions. The firj ?, or Creeping
Dwarf, blew, or purple Flaxweed, has a Root which
is tnade up of many Fibres , and abides , not periling
in the Winter this Root fends forth a number of fmall
weak Stalks , leaning down to the Ground , fcarcely
being able to ftand upright 7 fet very full and with-
out order , with little Leaves like thofe of manured
Flax , which are very narrow , and AJhcolored , and
are continued up to the tops of the Stalks , where they
divide themj elves into feveral other Branches , which
have all of them long Heads or Spikes of Flowers , ve-
ry fmall , and of a fine blewijh purple color , with a
yellow Spot in the Mouths of them. The Seed is
much like to that of our Common narrow leav’d
kind, in Chap. 369. Sell. 4. aforegoing.

IV. The feconf or Spanilh Dwarf Flaxweed, has
a Root fmall , F'ibrous and white , creeping under
Ground , and perijhing every Lear - from which Jhoot
up many weak Branches , not able to ft and upright ,
f ifing to be about fix Inches or more high : on which
do grow many long and narow Leaves, very like
unto our Common narrow leav’d kind, as well for
form as color } fo alfo the Flowers at tops of the
Stalks, and the Heads and Seed are like the fame,
the Flowers being yellow, and the Seed fiat and
blackiih} only in this the Leaves, Flowers and
Seed, are all of them much lefs than the faid Com-
mon narrow leaved kind, in which confifts the dif-
ference.

V. The thirds or four leaved creeping Flaxweed,
has a Root which is fmall , or ftendet\ and white ,
fpreadmg it felf under Ground feveral ways , and
perijhes not in Winter , but endures many Lears.
From this Root Jhoot forth feveral fmall weak Stalks ,
of the length of thoje laft deferibed , lying almoft up-
on the Ground , and feverally divided into many
f mailer branches , even from the bottom ^ upon which
are fet a great many fmall, fhort, whitilh green
Leaves, very orderly one above another, that is, at
fome but two Leaves, at fome three, and at others
four, not keeping always exactly to the fame num-
ber, efpecially below, they growing more exactly up-
wards : Thefe Leaves are lelfer than thofe of our
Common narrow leaved Flaxweed in Chap. 269. Sell. 4.
being thick and juicy, growing upon the Stalks at
certain fpaces, fometimes three, but moft ufually

Herbs.

foiir together. The Flowers grow at the tops of the
Stalks and Branches, and are in form like thole of
the Common narrow leaved kind aforementioned,
but ol a molt perfea Violet color : They are fome-
what great, and ftand not fo thick cluttering toge-
ther; the lower lip where it gapes, is of a gold yel-
low color, to wit, the Spot in the Mouth, the reft
ol the Flower being of a delicate purple blew. Af-
ter the Flowers are pad, come round Heads which
are lomewhat great and thick, and contain within
Cells U ‘n two Partitions or

IV. The Places. The firft grows Wild in many
places as upon Stone Walls, gravelly Grounds
■ Irer L, . ds’ andalongi>y Hedge fides. 'The fecond
is a Native of Spain. The third grows upon the
higher Alps ■. with us they are only Nurft up in
(jar dens ol the Curious.

VII. The Times. They all Flower from the end
of Jrtay^ to the end of Augujl : The Seed ripening
m the mean Seafon.

VIII. The Qualities. Specifications , Preparations ,
and Virtues are the fame with our Common narrow
leavd Flax-weed in Chap. 269. to which we refer
you, and therefore Ihall lay no more of them here.

CHAP. CCLXXII.

Of FLEBANE Greater.

I. 'T-' a E Names. It is called in Greek Kmfi .

1 ill Latin Conyza ; and in Englijh plebane.

II. The Kinds. We divide it into four kinds,
viz. 1. Conyza major , The greater Flebane. 2. Co-
nyza minor , The lelfer Flebane. 3. Conyza pumila
Dwarf Flebane. 4. Conyza paluflris , Water Fle-
bane.

B b b in. Qf

37°

Salmons 'Herbal.

Lib. I.

Ui. Of the greater kinds of flebane , thefe offer
themfelves, viz. i. Conyza Major vera Dwfcondis,
Tire true gtearer Fleabane of Diofcoridis. 2. Cony-
zti major Montana Germanica , great Mountain
Flebane of Germany. 5. Conyza He/enitis melhta
incana , Hoary mullet Flebane, with Elecampane
Leaves. 4. Conyza He/enitis fohis laciniatis , Great
jagged Flebane. ;. Conyza He/enitis pilofi, Fjairy
'Mullet Flebane. 6. Conyza media, The middle kina
of Flebane.

IV The Defcriptions. The firft, or true greater
Flebane, has a thief l dng , durable and Fibious
Root , which fends forth many Stalks , two or three
Vert or more high, which are hard, woody, rough, hairy,
fat and of an overworn color. The Leaves grow with-
out order, alternately embrace the Stalks, and are
many, long, fomewhat narrow, and of a yellowim
green color, dented a little about the edges, twice
as large as thofe of the Olive-tree, which are rough
or hairy, and very fat or clammy, being as it were
befmeared with a fattinefs or gumminefs, which is
much more in hot Countries than it is in this of
ours -, thefe Leaves are fomething like unto thofe of
the Italian Star Wort, but larger, and more pointed
at the ends. Towards the tops of the Stalks come
forth the Bowers, at every joint with the leaves a
yellow Bower, which is fomewhat large,and round,
almoii like the Flower of Hawkweed or Groundfel,
which when it is full ripe, turns into Down, and
fiies away with the Wind. The fmell hereof is
fomewhat ftrong, but fweet withal, and not unplea-
fint -. It is fo glutinous and clammy, that what
fmall thing foever, as Flies, Fleas, C/c. fhall hap-
pen to fall ot light thereon, are held fall and
caught ; and for this reafon it was called flebane,
not for that it has any quality, of otherwife poy-
foning or killing them.

Vi

fet thereon without order , of a fad, or dark green
color, each of which is four or Jive Inches long, and
an Inch and half broad. The Flowers are yellow,
fomewhat larger than the other, every one Banding
at the tops of the Branches, upon a long Stalk, in
the fame manner as the former do, viz. with aPale
or Bordet of Leaves, and many l'mall thrums in the
middle, which pafs into Down, and are carried a-
way with the Wind, as the former are. Note. There
is another of this fort with longer leaves, and lef-
fer flowers

VI. T be third, or Hoary Mullet Fleabane, with
Elecampane Leaves, has a Root which is cbtnpofed of
many black Strings or fibres, by which it takes f aft
hold of the Ground, which fends up feveral long,
and fomewhat broad Leaves, almoft in fajhion like
to foxglove Leaves, but that thefe are hoary or grey
on the upper fide, and of a broanijb green on the
under file, herein fomewhat like to the Leaves of
Rha Helemi folio, or Baftard R bttburb with Ele-
campane Leaves. The Leaves are very Hoary alfo,
the Plant riling to be two or three Feet high, fet
with the like Leaves as grow below, but fmaller and
Smaller as they grow towards the tops, where many
Flowers ftand together, like unto the former fle-
banes, and much greater than thofe of Gromwel ,
which rum into Down, and By away with the Wind.
The whole Plant is fomewhat clammy, yet much
lefs than the firft, and much fweeter thau it, fmel-
ling much like Honey.

Flea,

* ammon, ,

Fleabane great Jagged.

V. The fecund, or Great Mountain,' a Fi-
brous Root which fends forth feveral round green
Stalks , two feet or more high, but not near fo clam-
my its the former, hewing many long pointed Leaves

XU. The fourth or Gieat Jagged Flebane, has a
bufhy fibrous Root, from which arife thick, crefted,
and hollow Stalks, divided towards the tops, into fe-
veral Branches. The Leaves which encompafs the
Stalk are deeply gafht or cut in on the edges, being of
a very confiderable length, and broad inrefpeato
that length, all of them extended to a lharp point.
The Flowers are Star fafhion, of a yellow color,
turn into Down, and By away with the Wind.

The

Chap. 272. IfngUJh Herbs. 3 7 1

The whole Plant is covered over with a foft and
tender Down, and fmells fomeching like Honey.

VIII. The fifth , or Hairy Muller Fleabane, has a
bufhy fibrous Root like to the Lafi ; but in its Stalks.
Leaves and flowers is fo like the third aforegoing ,
that there is no other difference to be found , but that
in both Leaves and Stalks, befides the hoarinefs,
this is much more hairy and rough than it, which
caufes it to be a differing kind from it.

IX. The fixth , or Middle kind, has a Root which
Is pretty large and fibrous , from whence arifes a
branched Stalk of about a foot and half high ; en-
compaffed at certain /paces , with thick , rough, grey-
ifh , green Leaves. At the tops of the Branches
grow pretty fair yellow Flowers, of the largenefs
of a little Marigold, which being faded away,
turn into Down, and are carried away with the
Wind.

X. The P laces. The firft grows in Syria-, Clufius
found it near Lisbon , and in divers parts of Spain ;
but with us it grows only in Gardens. The fecond
on Mountainous places in Germany, England, See.
as alfo in Gardens : Johannes Thalius found it in
Harcynia Sylva in Saxony, and we in many places

t of our own Country, as near Hampflead , Sec. The
’ third, fourth, and fifth, are found upon the Hills in Ar-
tois,and fome Hilly places in our own Land. The fixth
is found growing in moft places about Rivers and
Ponds fides, Efc. and has been found in St. James's
Lark, Tuttle fields. Sec.

XI. The Times. They all flower in the Months
of June, July, and Auguff fome earlier, and fome
later than others^the Seed ripening in the mean feafon.

XII. The Qualities. Fleabane is hot and dry in
the third Degree : it is Aperitive, Abfterfive, Diu-
retick, Nephritick, Hyfterick, and Alexipharmick.

XIII. The Specification. It is lingular againft the
Strangury, Jaundice, griping of the Guts, Epilep-
fy, green Wounds, bitings of Mad Dogs, and all
forts of Venemous Creatures, Etc.

XIV. The Preparations. You may prepare there-
from, i. A Liquid Juice . 2. An Ejjence. 3, An

Infufion or De coition in Wine. 4. An Oil by Inf ela-
tion. 5. A Balfam. 6. A Cataplafm. 7. A Spirituous
Tincture. 8. An Oily Tinlture.

The Virtues.

XV. The Liquid Juice of Leaves and flowers. It
provokes the Terms in Women, and expels the Dead
Child and Afterbirth -, it cures the Strangury, for it
provokes Urine admirably when it is made by drops,
by opening the Palfages , and expelling the Morbi-
fick Matter, be it what it will. Dofe two or three
Spoonfuls, Morning and Night, ta.ken in a Glafs of
fragrant Wine, or other fit Vehicle.

XVI. The Effence. It has all the former Virtues,
befides which it opens all ObftruUions of Gall, Li-
ver, Spleen, Reins, and Womb; it is good againft
the Yellow Jaundice, and the Griping pains of the
Belly, and being taken to three or four Spoonfuls in
Vinegar or Wine, it prevails againft the Epilepfie or
Falling-Sicknels ; injeUed up the Womb it brings
away both Birth and Afterbirth, being alfo at the
fame time taken inwardly : given in Red Port Wine
it (tops any Flux of the Belly.

XVII. The Infufion or Decoition in Wine. It has
all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence , but mult
be given in larger quantities, as to four, fix, or eight
Ounces: being given Morning and Evening it admi-
rably warms and ftrengthens a cold, moift, and weak
Stomach, provokes Urine powerfully, and prevails
againft all forts of Pains and Griefs of the Womb:
if the Decoflion is made in Water, it is good for
Women to Bath in whofe Courles are ftopt, as alfo
to eafe all forts of Pains and Griefs of thole parts.

XVIII. The Oil by Infufion. Anointed on the
Head it eafes the Headach and Megrim, coming from
a cold Caufe; anointed all along the Back Bone, on
the Stomach, and on the Pulfes, it is very effeflual
to take away the lhaking Fits of Agues, and thofe
Tremblings which come from cold.

XIX. The Balfam. It is an extraordinary thin^
for curing fimple green Wounds, it brings to Digc-
ftion, cleanfes, dries, and heals after a lingular man-
ner-, anointed on the Hemorrhoids it gives eafe in
the extremity of Anguifh, and in a little time cures
them.

XX. The Cataplafin. The green Leaves made
into a Pultice, by beating in a Mortar, & c. and ap-
plied to any fimple green Wound, or Cut, being firft
well wafhed or cleanfed , heals it in a very Ihort
fpace of time , warms and comforts parts chilled
with cold , and applied to the Forehead is a good
expedient to cure the Frenzy-, fo alfo being applied
to the Soles of the Feet-, and fo applied, it is laid
to flop any Flux of the Bowels.

XXL The Spirituous Tinlture. It is good againft
Vomiting and Naufeoufnefs, expels Wind, and com-
forts and warms a cold, moift, and weak Stomach;
it is good againft Poyfons, the Bitings of Mad Dogs,
Serpents, and all forts of other Venomous Creatures ;
it cures all forts of Fluxes of the Bowels, whether
they be of Blood or Humors , and is an extraordf
nary thing to be taken two, three, or four times a
day in any fit Vehicle, (from two to four, or fix
Drams) by fuch as are afteUed with the Palfie.

XXII. The Oily Tintiure. This ufed as the Inf-
lated Oil aforegoing , is much more powerful to
warm thofe parts which are chilled with cold, and
to take away the cold and fhaking Fits of Agues ,
as alfo to cure Tremblings, Numbnefs of any part,
Palfies, Convulfions, Cramps, and the like; anoint^
ed on the Piles which are not broken, it prefenrly
eafes the Pain, difculfes the Tumor, and in two or
three times anointing cures them ; it is an effectual
thing againft PunUures, Hurts, and Btuifes of the
Bbb 2 Nerves

I

7 *

Salmon s 'Herbal Lib. L

Nerves and Tendons-, and given inwardly from ten
ro twenty or thirty drops, (dropr firft into fine White
Sugar) mixed with a Glals ot White Port Wine, it
facilitates the Birth, brings away the Afterbirth, or
Dead Child, opens Obftrucfions of the Reins, Ure-
ters, and Bladder, and brings prefent Relief in the
Strangury, caufed by fmall Stones, Sand, Gravel,
or Tartarous Matter lodged in thole parts.

C H A P. CCLXXIII.
O/FLEABANE the Leffer.

1. np H E Karnes. It is called in Greek K w

I. *&.$ in Latin Conyza minor , and in Englijh
Fleabane the leffer.

II. The Kinds. It is the fecond Species of Flea-
bane, and is twofold, viz. i. Conyza fesmina Theo-
phraffi , Conyza minor vera Diofcoridk, Pena , Clufij,
Gef neri, & aliorum , The true leffer Fleabane of Di-
oj cor id is. 2. Conyza car idea acris , Tinilorius flos
alter Tragi , Conyza odor at a carulca, Erigeron quan-
tum Dodonai , Dentelaria Gefncri , Conyza muralis,
& Conyzoidcs Car idea Gefncri, Conyza Car u lea Ta-
ber namontani-, Amellus Mont anus Columna ■, Blew
floured Fleabane. There are are fome others of
this leffer kind, but they are not at all to be met
with in England.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or true fmall
Fleabane, has a Root which is fingle, fmall and fen-
der, with a few Fibres thereat, which pertjhes every
Tear. This Root fends forth feldom more than one
Stalk, which is about a Foot and half high, fometimes
not above a Foot, and fometimes not a Foot high, ac-
cording to the goodnefsof the Soil it is planted in :
It is lomewhat hairy and glutinous, or clammy, as
the true greater Fleabane, but greener than that
great kind. This Stalk is divided into many branches,
which are alfo rough and glutinous. The Leaves
are long and narrow ^ fomewhat like thofe of Lina-
ria, or Flaxweed, but three times lefs than thofe of
the greater Fleabane in Chap. 272. Sell. 4. afore-
going, and are hairy and un&ious or clammy al-
fo. With the fmall Leaves, at the tops of the
Branches come forth fmall pale yellow Flowers,
which are leffer, and lefs (Lining than in the faid
greater Fleabane, which paffing away, the Heads are
turned into Down, and are carried away with the
Wind, as the others are. This whole Plant fmells
fweeter than molt of the others do, and dies every
Year, and raifes it felf of its own Sowing, or elle
mult be new Sown every Year.

IV. The fecond, or Blew flowred Fleabane, has
a fmall Fibrous and yellozo Root, of a very hot and
biting tafte, which Jrom its Head fends up fever al
long ijh Leaves, fomewhat like thofe of the Garden
Laijie, but a little wnthed : The Stalk is about
half a Lard high , and Jet alternately with twined
long iff>, narrow, and fomewhat rough Leaves, of an
overworn green colour. Some Authors lay, the
Stalk grows fometimes to be about two Feet high,
brownifh at the bottom, and is fet here and there
up to the top, with longer and narrower Leaves,
where it is divided into fmall and fhort Branches
on which grow many Flowers one above another,
in fmall, longifh, fcaly green Heads or Husks,
compoled of many fmall and narrow, blewilh pur-
ple Leaves, fomething white at the ends or tips,
with a fmall yellow fiat Thrum in the middle ; in

which middle, there arifes up leveral white threads,
whereby each flower, conlifting of three colors,
White, Purple, and Yellow $ makes it feem the
more deleffable to behold. After thefe Flowers
pals away, there comes in thofe Husks or Heads
which held them, fmall, long Seed, lying in the
Down, each having fome thereof at its Head,
which together there ( when ripe ) is blown a-
way with the Wind, if not gathered. The whole
Plant is of a lharp talle, but the Root much more,
and is nearly as hot as Pepper, of a ltrong, but not
unpleafant l'mell.

V. The Places. The firft grows in Syria rnd
Greece, alfo in Spain near Madrid as Clufius fays;
and in the Woods at Gram ants near Mompelier, as
both he and Lobel fay. The fecond was found in
divers places of the Kindgdom of Naples, in moift
Fields which are in the Mountains, as Columna fays,
as alfo in Sandy places near the River Rhofne by
Lions in France, and upon the Alps in Auftria as
Clufius fays. It grows upon many Chalky Hills irt
England -, and Gerard fays, that he in the Compa-
ny of George Bowles and fome others, found it near
Farmingham in Kent-, and one William Broad found
it growing at the Block-houfe at Gravcfend. The
firft grows with us only in Gardens.

VI. The Times. The firft Flowers in June and
July : the fecond in Auguft , whofe Flowers turn
quickly into Down, and are carried away with the
Wind.

VII. The Vitalities, Specification, Preparations,
and Virtues are the fame with the True greater
Fleabane in the former Chapter, to which we now
refer you ^ but with this Obfervation, that thele
leffer Fleabanes , are much more efficacious to all
the purpofes aforementioned ^ and are much more
powerful and effe&ual to help any Flux, or bloody
Flux of the Bowels.

VIII. Kota. The Root of the Blew flowred, be-
ing held in the Mouth, abfolutely Cures the Tooth -
ach.

CHAP. CCLXXIV.

Of FLEABANE Dwarf.

I. /_l_r HE Names. It is called in Greek, K e/ifa
X jc, vetvu Xm, x) Xa.ucux.oti(cL ; hi Larin Cony-

za Pumila, Chamaconyza : in Englijh Dwarf Flea-
bane.

IT. The Kinds. This is the third Species of
Fleabane : And it is two fold, viz. 1. Conyza Pu-
mila, Conyza minor Tragi , Matthioli , Conyza mini-
ma Lobelii i J Dodonei ■, Our Vulgar Dwarf Flea-
bane. 2. Conyza minor Rauwoljii , Conyza minor Sy-
riaca, Syrian fmall Fleabane.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Vulgar Dwarf
Fleabane, has a fmall and Fibrous Root, f rom whence
arifes a branched Stalk, about a Foot high. Jet with
fmall longifh Leaves, fomewhat roundifh pointed,
foft alfo and woolly, with a Smell not unpleafant as
fome of thofe going before. The Flowers are reple-
nilhed with many yellow Threads, like to the mid-
dle part of Camomil Flowers, or thofe of Tan-
fie -, and as the former turn into Down, and are
carried away with the. Wind

IV. The

IV. The fecond , or Small Syrian Fleabane, has a
fmall Fibrous Root like the former, whence fpring
forth many fmall low Stalks or Branches , about a
Foot or more high , whereof but few Jland upright ,
the moft of them leaning or lying down upon the
Ground , and taking Root again in feveral places as
they lie. The Leaves which grow thereon, are
Fmall and long, fomewhat like unto the Leaves of
the Olive-tree : They are Hairy, Fat, and Clam-
my, of a ftrong Smell, yet lomething fweet witli-
all. At the Tops of the Stalks, grow the Flowers,
which are fmall and yellow like unto thofe of the
firlt kind in Chap. 273. Sell. 3. aforegoing ; which
when they are ripe, turn into Down, and fly away
with the Wind, as the others do.

V. The P laces. The firlt grows plentifully in
fuch Places as are Plafhy , or Wet in Winter. The
fecond Rauwolftius found growing about Tripoly
in Syria -, and here is only Nurft up in Gardens.

VI The Times. The firlt flowers in July and
Auguft , the Seed ripening in the mean Sealon :
The fecond flowers in Auguft , and with us Tome-
thing alter, if carefully lookt after.

VII. The Qualities , Specification , Preparations ,
and Virtues of thefe are the fame with thofe of the
Greater Fleabane in Chap. 272. aforegoing; fo that
no more need be laid thereof.’

CHAP. CCLXXV.

Of FLEABANE Water.

L r I v He Names. It is called in Greek Kw/fr*
X tMi&t it, ; in Latin Conyza paluftris ,

Conyza aquatica , Confolida paluftris 1 and in Ene-
lifh Water Fleabane .

II. The Kinds. This is the fourth Species of
Fleabane , and is twofold, viz. Conyza paluftris ma-

III. The Delcriptions. The Jirft , or greater Wa-
ter Fleabane, has a large Root , rep/enifhed with a
vaft number of Fibres , which Jends forth hollow and
crefted Stalks , a lard or more high, having J eve rat
joints as it were , and branched out towards the top.
It bears its leaves in an unorderly manner, which
are long and narrow, fharp pointed, and fnipt about
the edges like a Saw; hairy, and green on the up-
per fide, and grey or woolly underneath. At the
tops of the Stalks and Branches grow many yellow
Flowers, pretty large, very like to thofe of Ragwort ,
which, when they are ripe, turn into Down, and are
quickly carried away with the Wind.

IV. The fecond , or lefler Water Fleabane, in its
Root, Stalks and Flowers , is much like the former,
as alfo in its manner of growing, faving that it is
f mailer and lower than that is-, and the Leaves aie
fometimes much lefs dented or jagged on the edges;
and the Flowers likewife ftand not, but One on a
Stalk for the moftpart ; which are like the former,
alfo yellow.

V. The Places. They both grow near Water
fides, and in Plafhy and Wet Grounds, which are
not often dry ; but being planted in Gardens where
there is a rich Mould, they profper very well.

VI. rhe Times. They both of them flower in
Auguft and September, and their Seed is ripe not
long after, and is fuddenly carried away wirh the
Wind.

VII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations
and Virtues, are the fame wirh thofe of the Great
Fleabane in Chap. 272. aforegoing, to which I refer

youf

! \ 1 1

*"? A

3 J T

Salmons

y0 Authors fay, that this I/«fw Henbane is as
effedual and admirable a Wound Herb, as any ot
thofe the molt admired.

Herbal . Lib. 1.

every Joint Jland two fmall , long , and narrow wbi-
tifh green Leaves , feme thing hairy. At the tops of
the Stalks and Branches, ltand feveral fmall, Ihort,
fcaly or chaffy Heads, out of which come forth,
fmall whitifh, yellow Threads, fuch as Plantane
Heads do give, which are the bloomings of flowers.
The Seed is enclofed in thofe Heads, and is fmall.

CHAP. CCLXXVI.

Of FLEAWORT.

I rrs H jr frames. It is called in Arahck Hazara
1 Calbma, Bezer Cotbume : in Greek ■'*'“*«« :
in Latin Pfyllmm , Pulicaria, & Pulicam herba :
in Enehfh Heamrt. This Name is given to it,
not beca'ufe when it is brought green into the Houfe,
that it drives away fleas--, but becaufethe Seed there-
of is very like to them.

II. The Kinds. Authors make four kinds ot this
Plant ■ but becaufe feldom more than three come m
our hands, we (hall only deferibe them, i . The firft
of thefe is called ti>Mn **»>», Pfyllium Vulgare ,
Pulicaria Vulgaris , Cynops Theopkrafti, Common
or ordinary Fleawort. 2.. Pfyllmm majmfemperVi-
rens Pfyllium alterum Gejnen ; Pfyllmm perenne
Gefneri & Camerarif Pfyllium Plimanum jorte
majus radice perenne Labelii ; The great evergreen
Fleawort. 3. ffylhum Indicutn Joins C? enatis, LJyl-
lium Americanism , vel floridianum foliis crenatis
The Indian or American Fleawort with dented
Leaves. This is ffylhum primum Anguillare, and
the ffylhum. verum Diofcondis as Bauhinus thinks.

III. The Defcriptions. The Jirft , or Common
Fleawort, has a Root which is not long , but white ',
hard and Woody, perijhing every Tear , and rajfing it
felf again of its own Seed for many Tears , if it is
buffered to Jhed it. from this Root comes forth a
Stalk about two feet high or more , full of Joints ,
an l fpreading it felf out on all fides into many
branches , almoft from the bottom to the top-, and at

and Ihining whilft it is frefh, very like unto Fleas,
both for its color and bignefs, ( from whence came
the Name ) but turning, black when it is old. The
whole Plant is fomewhat whitifh, and hairy fmel-
ling a little like Rofin.

IV. The fecond , or Great evergreen Fleawort,
hem a long , hard and Woody Root , which perijhes not ,
but lives in Winter , keeping its Leaves Green all
that Seafon , whence came its Epithite of femper vi-
rens, or never dying. From this Root fpring forth
leveral long and tough Branches, of a Woody fub-
ltance like the former, but that they, as alfo their
Branches are fomewhat greater, longer, and harder,
and do a little more bow down to the Ground.
The Leaves which grows forth at the joints, refem-
ble the former, but are much longer and much nar-
rower. At the tops of the Stalks and Branches, and at
the Joints come forth chaffy Tufts, Handing upon
long foot-ftalks, which are very like to the Ear of the
Alpifti fhalaris , or Canary Seed •, in which Heads or
Tufts is contained the Seed, which is like the former.

V. The third , or American Fleawort, hm a long
Woody -Root with fome f ibres adjoining , which fends
forth a Woody , reddifh , rough Stalk , next to the
Ground , growing to be about a foot high , andfpread-
ing it felf out into divers Branches. The Leaves
ftand at the joints thereof, and are fomewhat long,
narrow pointed at the end, and a little dented in,
or rather torn on the edges, and hairy alfo like the
former. The tops of the Branches are more ftored
with Heads than the former, but of the fame big-
nefs and falhion, with Flowers growing in the
fame manner, containing within them Ihining Seed
like to the others.

VI. The f laces. The firfl grows in Italy and
Spain , in Fields, and unfilled places, but with us
only in Gardens. The fecond grows plentifully in
Fields, near the Sea-fhoar or Coaft, as alfo in many
of our Gardens. The third is a native of the In-
dies, and has been found growing in florida , and in
the Southern parts of Carolina : From fome parts
of which Continent it was brought into the Euro-
pean parts of the World.

VII. The Times. They all flower with us in
June and July, but in their native places all the
Summer long.

VIII. Ihe Qualities. The Seed of thefe Plants
is tha*t which is chiefly ufed in Medicine, and that
both Galen and Serapio fay, is cold in the fecond
Degree, but temperate in refpeft to moifture or
drynefs. It is Emollient, Lubrificative, Anodyne,
Peftoral, and a little Cathartick. Some Authors
have written that the frequent inward ufe of this
Seed is very dangerous, but it is no otherwife true,
than as it falls out in other great cooling Herbs, as
Houjleek , Henbane, Lettice, Nightjhade , and the
like, which are all fafe enough, if Wifely and
fittily applied : but Ignorance, Rafhnels, and In-
diferetion, in the application of Medicaments, has
oftentimes done harm, and brought diferedit to thofe
Medicaments which ( having been free from any
dangerous effefts ) were in all appearance to Wife
Phvficians of the greateft Ufe in the Art of Medi-
cine : The fame is to be faid in the ufes of this
Plant, as to its Virtues and EfFefts. It is an excel-
lent thing, and without any evil Qualities, if
applied and ufed by a Wife and skilful Phyfi-
cian.

IX. The

375

Chap. 277. “EngUJb ‘Herhs.

IX. The Specification. It is good againlt burning
Fevers, Inflammations, Hcarfenels, Pleurify, ' He-
morrhoids or Piles ^ caufes Expe&oration , and
quenches the moil vehement Thirft.

X. T he Preparations. You may have therefrom,
i. A Mucilage of the Seed. 2. An Ointment. 3.
The Seed fryed. 4. A Cataplafm of the Seed. 5. A
liquid juice of the Herb.

The Virtues.

XI. The Mucilage of the Seed. It is made with
Barley Water, or Damask Rofe Water , or with pure
Spring Water , by a bare Infufion of the Seed in the
Water , without bruifing of it , juft as you make a
Mucilage of Clary Seed. If it is made with Barley
Water , and is dulcified with Syrup of Damask Rofes
or Violets , and fo drank to four, fix or eight Ounces,
it opens the Stomach and Bowels , and evacuates
downwards grofs Flegm and Melancholy, with 0-
ther vifcous Humors : but withal it heals the Cor-
rofion of the Bowels caufed by hot, (harp and cho-
lerick Humors, or from the over-working of violent
Medicines, fuch as Scammony , Rofin of fallal >, Colo-
quintida , Efula, &c. If it is made with Spring Wa-
ter, and dulcified with Syrup of Violets , or Syrup of
Corn Poppies , it is good againft all hot, burning and
malign Fevers and Inflammations of the Vifcera : it
cools the Heat, quenches Thirlt, and lenifies the
Drinefs of the Mouth, Tongue and Throat. It helps
alfo the Hoarfenefs of the Voice, and other Difeafes
of the Breft and Lungs, caufed by Heat or fait fharp
Humors * and the Pleurify or Peripneumony , if gi-
ven in time. If it is made with Damask Rofe Water,
and lweetned with Syrup of Red Rofes , it is good
againft Heat, Pain and Fluxes of the Bowels ^ and
is a lingular Remedy in a Tenafmus.

XII. The Ointment. Take the Yolk of one Egg ,
Unguentum Populeon one Ounce , Mucilage of Plea-
wort Seed a fujficient quantity •, mix and make all
into an Ointment. It is an extraordinary thing if it
is applied to the Hemorrhoids or Piles, laying it on
a Cloth, and binding it on them. It helps alfo all
Inflammations in any part of the Body, and eafes
the Pains which are caufed thereby. Applied to the
Head and Forehead, it is good againft the Head-ach
and Megrim * and it is good againft all hot Tumors
or Breakings out in the Skin, as Blains, Wheals,
Pimples, red Puftles in the Face, Pufhes, and the
like.

XIII. The fryed or parched Seed. If it is either
eaten, or otherwife reduced to pouder, and fo taken,
it is of excellent life to ftop all forts of Fluxes of
the Belly, and heals the Corrofions of the Bowels,
caufed by acrid or fharp and malign Humors, or the
Corrofivenefs of violent and fharp Purgers.

XIV. The Cataplafm. Made of the Mucilage with
the bruifed Seed , Oil of Rofes and Vinegar , with a
fujficient quantity of Rice or Bean Flower , it is good
againft Pains of the Joints, and Weaknefs of the
fame caufed by the Gout, Sciatica, Ef c. which Pains
it eafes, as alfo Ruptures in young Children, and
the Swelling out of the Navel, being applied : it
heals alfo fore Nipples and fore Breafts of Women
giving Suck.

XV. The juice of the Herb. If it is mixt with
a little Honey, and put into the Ears, it helps the
Running of them, and kills Worms breeding there-
in. The fame mixt with Hogs Lard, and applied
to corrupt and filthy Ulcers, cools them, removes
their Inflammation, eafes the Pain, cleanfes and
heals them, by reprefling the fharp Humors flowing
to them.

CHAP. CCLXXVII.

Of FLIXWEED.

I. T"' H E Names. It is called in Latin. , Sophia ,
I- and Sophia Chirurgorum , by Gerard ■, alfo
Pfeudonajiurtium fylveftre, and by fome Thalietruni
or T balictrum, ( tho’ thefe two lalt are Names which
more properly belong to Meadow Rue : ) fome will
have it to be Sophia Parace/Ji , by which, it is faid,
he did fuch W onders : alfo Seriphium Germanicum
Tragi , Arcipitrina Ccefalpini , Nafiurtium fylveftrc
tcnui folium dwifitm Bautin i , Eruca Gelatina Italo-
rum Lobehi : in Englifh , Flixweed.

II. The Kinds. Authors make two forts here-
of, viz. 1. Sophia anguftifc/i a, N arrow-lea v’d Eli x-
weed. 2. Sophia laiifolia , Broad-lea vd Flixweed ^
which y evJSerard thinks may be both but one kind,
the Leaf thereof growing fairer and larger according
to the Richnefs or Goodnefs of the Soil. Their
Defer ip tions follow.

III. The Defcriptions. The Hrft , or Narrow-
leav’d Flixweed, has a Root which is long and woody,
perifhing every Year ■, yet if it be fuffered to feed ,
and Jhed its Seed , it will be wonderfully encreafed
the next Year. From this Root it rifes up with a
round, fmooth, hard, upright Stalk, half a yard or
two feet high, feldom more, and fpreads it felf into
feveral Branches, by which it becomes a beautiful
(confidering the Plant) or pleafant kind of Bufh j
on which Stalk and Branches do grow many Leaves,
of an over-worn greyifh green color, finely cut and
divided into a number of fine Jaggs, like unto thole
of Roman Wormwood , or fmalleft Leaves of Corian-
der. The Flowers grow upon the Stalk and
Branches, Spike fafhion, which are very fmall, and
of a dark yellow color •, which being pafs’d away,
fmall, long Pods fucceed, containing much Seed,
which when ripe, is of a yellow color.

IV. The

76 Salmon’ s Herbal Lib. I.

IV. H)e fecond, or Broad-leav’d Flixweed, differs
not frdm the former in its Root , Stalk , Branches ,
Leaves , Flowers, Cods or Seed , or />x Height or
Manner of Growing, Caving , that the Leaves of this
are broader , in which confifts the only Difference.
This was found out by Tabernmontanus, or firft ta-
ken notice of by him ■, but lome Botanifts are of O-
pinion a that the former and this are but one and
the fame Plant, and have this Difference in the
Leaves only accidentally, by growing in fome more
fertile place : however, Larkin fort feems to admit
of the Difference. They are both of them of a ftrong
and unpleafing Smell, and of a drying Tafte.

V. The Places. Flixweed grows in moft places
of England, almoft every where, upon Afh-dunghills,
in the Ruins of old Buildings, by Highways, and in
filthy, obfeure, bafe and barren places, alfo amongft
Rubbifb.

VI. The Times. It flowers and feeds from the
beginning of June to the end of September , the Seed
ripening in the mean Seafon.

VII. The Vitalities. It is temperate in refpeff of
Heat or Cold, and dry in the firft Degree ^ Anodyne,
Aftringent, Vulnerary, Arthritick and Analeptick.

VIII. The Specification. It flops Fluxes of all
forts, eafes Pains of the Joints, confolidates broken
Bones, kills Worms, and heals Ulcers.

' IX. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1 . A liquid Juice of the Herb. 2. An Ef-
fence of the fame. 3. A Decollion in Wine or Smiths-
forge Water. 4. An Ointment or half am. 5. A

Cataplafm. 6. A di filled Water. 7. The Seed, or
Ponder of the Seed.

The Virtues.

X. The liquid Juice. Drunk to two or three
Ounces in Wine, it kills Worms in the Stomach or
Belly $ and outwardly applied, it kills the Worms,
which fometimes breed in filthy and putrid Ul-
cers.

XI. The Effence. Drunk to two or three Ounces
mixed with Red Wine, it has the Virtues of the
liquid Juice -, befides which, it flops the Bloody-
fluxe, and all other Fluxes of Blood, and Fluxes
of the Belly, and is no lefs powerful than Plant ar.e
or Comfrey in the aforefaid Cafes, as alfo to confo-
lidate Bones which are broken or out of Joint.

XII. The Decollion in Smiths-jorge Water, or in
Wme. It has all the Virtues of the Juice and Eft-
fence, and performs the fame Effe&s •, but ought
to be given Morning and Evening for fome confide-
rable time, and that to the quantity of fix or eight
Ounces. It may be ufed as a Diet-drink by all fuch
as have inveterate and putrid Ulcers, running and
ill-conditioned Fiftula’s ; for it alters the Habit of
the Body, thickens the Juices, and fo induces the
healing. Fomented upon the Piles, it eafes the
Pain, and difeuffes them.

XIII. The Ointment or Balfam. It may be made
either of the green Herb or the Juice j and is very
beneficial to digeft, cleanfe, incarnate, dry and heal
old fretting and eating Ulcers, how foul and malig-
nant foever they be ; and is a good thing to be kept
always in a Readinefs by rich and able People in the
Country , for the Ufe of their poor Neighbours
whenever there may be an occafion.

XIV. The Cataplafm. Being applied to green
Wounds or recent Ulcers, it performs all that the
Ointment or Balfam can do. It is good to be ap-
plied to Fra&ures and Joints lately diflocated -, for
it eafes the Pain, abates the Inflammation, prevents
the Flux of Humors , and ftrengthens the Part aft
flifled.

XV. The di filled Water. It participates of the
Virtues of the Plant, but in a much meaner degree,
having the Virtues of the Juice, Effence and Deco-
ftion : but its chief Ufe is for a Vehicle, to convey
thofe Internals into the Body. It is cooling, drying,
binding and healing.

XVI. The Seed, or Pouder thereof. Given to a
Dram in Red Port Wine, or in Smiths-forge Water,
it has been found by Experience to be of excellent
Ufe to flop the Bloody-flux, Spitting, Vomiting or
Pilling of Blood ; as alfo other Fluxes of the Belly.
It is alfo good againft Naufeating and Vomiting.

CHAP. CCLXXVIII.

Of FLOWERGENTLE Great.

0 R,

Great VELVET-FLOWER.

1. ; I ' H E Names. It is called in Greek, 'A/H&cr-

X : in Latin, Amaranthus : in Englifh ,
Flowergentle, or Velvet Flower. The Greek is de-
rived from non marcefens, vel non fe-

nefeens, from its never fading or waxing old.

II. The Kinds. It is divided into two principal
kinds, viz. 1 . ’AuaestvrQ- Amaranthus magnus.
The great Flowergentle, of which in this Chapter.

2. hih& f5 Amaranthus parvus, Flowergen-
tle the lefs, of which in the following Chapter.

III. Of the greater Flowergentle, there are two
forts, viz. 1 . Amaranthus purpureus major, & ma-
jor panniculis fparfis. The greater Flowergentle, or
Velvet-flower. 2. Amaranthus maximus, coccineus
elegans maximus. The greateft Scarlet Flowergentle,
or Velvet-flower.

III. The

Chap. 278. ‘Englijh Herbs.

377

IV. The Defcriptions. The fir ft, or Greater kind,
has a Root which is a great Bufh of Strings , fpread-
ing in the Ground , whereby it is ftrongly rooted , yet
perijhes every Tear after it has given its Seed. From
this Root fprings forth one thick, tall, crefted, brown,
red Stalk , four or five feet high ; from whence
fpring many great broad Leaves, like to fome of the
other following kinds for the Form, but much
larger.- and redder for the moft part, efpecially the
lowelt, which branches forth into feveral parts:
from V between thefe Leaves and the Stalks or
Branches, as alfo at the tops of them, ftand long
fpiky, round, and fomewhat hat Tufts, of a more
reddilh purple color than the firft of the following
Chapter •, and divided alfo into divers parts, where-
in, when they are full ripe, are to be feen an innu-
merable company of white Seeds, Handing out a-
mong the fhort Thrums , and do eafily fall away
with a little touching. Every one of thefe white
Seeds has, as it were, a hole half bored thro’
therein.

V. The fecond , or Created Scarlet Flowergentle,
has a pretty thick long Root , with fome fibres ad-
joining to it , which Jends up one or more very great ,
thick, round , tall Stalk , rather higher and greater
than the molt ordinary great red Flowergentle, with
as large great Leaves on it , or rather greater 5 but
both the Stalks and they are of a frefti yellowifh
pale green color, with little or no Rednels in them
at all, ( and this is one proper Mark to know this
lore from others, before it comes to flower.) The
Flowers ftand at the tops of the Stalks and Branches,
more fpread at the bottom into federal parts, the
middle being longeft ^ and commonly when it is in
the Perfection, hanging down like a Taffel •, the o-
ther parts, like fhorter Spikes, comparing it round,
which even for the Proportion, is very beautiful,
but much more for the color, which is of a more
excellent bright, fcarlet red ^ and which being ga-
tbred in the prime, will hold the color a great
while before it decays, efpecially if it is kept from

the Sun and Wind. The Seed enclofod in theD
Tufts, is almoft as white and lmall as the former,
yet a little redder, whereby the Difference may be
known.

VI. The Places. Both thefe were brought to us
firft out of the Weft Indies , the latter from Brazil ,
or fome other parts of America , where they both
are much ufed, efpecially the Seed. They are all
nurs’d up with us in Gardens •, but in backward or
cold Years they do not fo well thrive, becaufe they
love much Heat ^ yet for the moft part they give us
every Year ripe Seed.

VII. The Times. They bear their fpiky flowers
in July and Auguft , and yield their ripe Seed in Au-
guft or September.

VIII. The Qualities. They are temperate in re-
fpeCt to Heat or Cold, and dry in the firft Degree ♦,
Aftringent, Repercuflive, Hyfterick, Arthritick and
Antemmenagogick.

IX. The Specification. They are peculiar for
Hopping all forts of Fluxes, efpecially Fluxes of
Blood.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
1. A Juice or E fence. 2. A Decotfion in Red Port
Wine. 3. The Seed , or Pouder thereof. 4. A Ca-
taplafm of the Leaves.

The Virtues.

XL The liquid Juice of the Leaves , or E fence of
the fame. I have made many Experiments of the
Virtues of this Plant upon feveral of my Patients,
who have been troubled with Fluxes of the Bowels,
Bloody -fluxes, Spitting and Piffing of Blood, as al-
fo the overflowing of the Terms : I have given the
Juice or Effence of the fame to three or four Spoon-
fuls at a time in a Glafs of Red Port, or fome other
proper Vehicle, as Smiths-forge Water, (S'c. and
have found it abundantly to anfwer my Expe&ation
in the Cure of the aforenamed Dileafes ^ and I am
fatisfied, that fometimes, and upon fome Patients,
it has done as much as any Vegetable can do : but I
gave it Morning and Night, and fometimes alfo at
Noon, and continued the Ufe thereof for feveral
days.

XII. The Decotfion in Red Port Wine. It has all
the Virtues of the liquid Juice and Effence, but is
not full out fo efficacious ^ yet it is fomewhat more
pleafant to be taken, and may be given from three
to fix Ounces at a time, Morning, Noon and Night.
Given Clyfterwife in any vehement Flux of the Bel-
ly, as alfo in a Bloody-flux, and in a Tenafmus, it
Hops the fame, heals the Guts, and ftrengthens the
Parc affli&ed : but it ought to be feveral times re-
peated, according as the Neceffity or Occafion may
require.

XIII. The Seed , or Pouder thereof. It may be
given from half a Dram to a Dram at a time, in a
Glafs ofWine, Morning and Night, againft Naufe-
oufnefs or Vomiting, Weaknefs of the Bowels,
Bloody-flux, Hepatick-flux, and all other forts of
Fluxes. If there is any Corrofion of the Guts, it
heals it, Hops the Flux of Humors to the Part, and
reftores the Tone thereof, if hurt or depraved.

XIV. The Cataplafm of the Leaves. It repercuf-
fes Humors, flops Fluxions to any Part, eafes Pains,
and prevails much againft the Gout : but in this
lafl Cafe it will be fo much the better, if an equal
quantity of green Comfrey Roots be added and beat-
en up with it.

C c c CHAP.

278 Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. L

CHAP. CCLXXIX.

Of FLOWER GENTLE Small,

0 R,

The Lefi'er V E L V E T--F LOWER.

1. 'T'i/ E Names. It is called in Greek ,

X u. e): : in Latin , Amarantbus parvus ■, and
in Exglijb, The i ejjcr Homer gentle, or Lejfer Velvet-
Flower.

II. The Kinds. Authors make four forts of this
Idler kind, viz. t. Amarantbus purpureus minor.
The lefler purple Flower gentle, or Velvet-flower :
feme do think this to be Phlox , vel Flamma Theo-
phrafii. 2. Amarantbus Coccineus minor , The lefler
leaflet Flowergentle. 3. Amarantbus Tricolor, Ge-
lt fa , vel Celojia Tragi, Variable Flowergentle : this
fame, as Spigelius , think to be Sophonia Plinii \ 0-
rhers tliat it is Tbeombroton Plinii ^ but thefe Sup-
poflfions are doubtful. 4. Amarantbus Spica Car -
no a, Carnation Flower gentle, or Velvet-flower.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft , or LefTer pur-
ple Flower gentle, has a Root confining of a few
thready Strings , which foon perifb , as the whole
Plant Joes, at the firji approach of Winter. From
this Root a c/ejied Stalk rifes up , two feet or more
big!’., ptirplifh at the bottom , but green to the top ,
which fpreads it felf forth into many Branches. The
Leaves on the Stalk and Branches are fomewhat
broad at bottomland lharp-pointed, of a full green'
color, and. oftentimes a little reddifh withal, like in
Form unto the Leaves ot Elites ( of which this and
the reft are accounted Species ) or Small Beets. The
Flowers are long, growing in Spike fafhion, foft,
a nd as it were gentle Tufts of Flairs, many growing
in a manner together, broad at the bottom, and
l.nalL up at the top, Pyxamis 01 Steeple fafhion, of

fo excellent a fhining deep purple color, tending to
a Murry, that in the moft excellent colored Velvet
a more orient or bright color cannot be feen ^ and I
fuppofe from this RefpeCt it is that the French give
it the Name of out- palling Velvet. It has no Smell
at all, but being bruifed, gives the fame admirable
purple color on Paper ^ and being gathered in its
full Strength and Beauty, will abide a great while
( if it is kept in a dry place, out of Wind and Sun)
in its full Beauty ahd Finenels. In thefe Tufts lye
the Seed, Scattered up and down, which is finally
very black and Ihining.

Lejfer Scarlet Flower gentle.

IV. The fecond , or Lefler fcarlet Flower gentle,
has a fender or fmall fibrous Root , which perijhes
the fooner , becaufe it is the more tender. The
Leaves of this Plant are longer, and fomewhat nar-
rower than the former : the Stalk grows fomething
higher, bearing its long Tufts at feveral Leaves, as
alfo at the tops of the Stalk and Branches, many
being fet together, but feparate one from another,
and each bowing or bending down its Head, like
unto a Feather , fuch as are worn in Gentlemens
Caps and Hats, of an excellent Blood-fcarlet color.
In thefe Tufts or Heads is contained the Seed,
which is black and bright, like the former.

V. T be third, or Variable Flower gentle, has a
fender , knobby , fibrous and perifhing Root , like the
aforegoing , which fends up a Stalky but it zx nothing
Jo high as the former , which fpreads it felf out into
many Branches , even from the Root up to the top
thereof The chiefeft Beauty of this Plant confilts
not in the Flowers, but in the Leaves ; the Flowers
being fmall Tufts, growing all along the Stalk, and
at the Joints with the Leaves. The Leaves hereof
are of the fame fafhion with the former, and point-
ed alfo •, but every Leaf is to be feen, parted into
green, red and yellow, very orient and freih, (efpe-
cially if it comes to its full Perfection, which is in
hot and dry Weather) yet not divided all alike, but

in

\

in iome Leaves where the red or yellow is, there
will be green, and lb varving, that it becomes plea-
fant to behold-, the Seed hereof is black and fhining,
and not to be dillinguifhed Irom the former.

Vi. Gerarl laid that it far exceeded his Skill
to defcribe the Beauty and Excellency of this
Plant, and that a Painter would be at a Itay to de-
pidl it in its lively Colors * in few Words (fays he)
every Leaf refembles in color the moft fair and beau-
tiful Feathers of a Parrot, having a ltripe of Red,
a line of Yellow, a dalh of White, and a Rib of
green color, not eafily in Words to be fer forth, the
leveral mixtures of the Colors , which Nature has
bellowed hereon, being fo excellent and admirable.
Johnfon fays the Leaves are commonly of three co-
lors, the lower part next the Stalk is green , the
middle red , and the end yellow ^ or elfe, the bot-
tom being green, the middle part is yellow, and the
end red.

VII. T be fourth , or Carnation Flower Gentle,
( which is more rare than all the reft ) has a Root con-
fifing of a great many bibres or Strings , from which
rife up very thick fat Stalks , crefted and freaked,
exceeding fmooth , and of a Jhining red color , which
begin at the Ground to divide themf elves into Branch-
es ■, upon which do grow many great large Leaves,
of a dark green color , tending to rednefs , in Ihew
like to thofe of the Red Beet , ftreaked and dalht
here and there with red, mixed with greeny the
Flowers grow along the Stalks, from the midft there-
of, even to the top, in form like Fannie u?n, that is,
a great number of Chaffie confufed Ears thruft hard
together, of a deep purple, or rather of a deep blulh,
tending to a Carnation color : the form or lhape of
this cannot be fo fitly compared to any thing as to '
the Velvet Head of a Stag, compafl of fuch like
foft feeling fubftance, in which is contained the Seed,
which is white, round, and bored thro’ the mid-
dle.

VIII. The F laces. All thefe Plants are Natives
of the Ealtern Countries , as Ferfia , Arabia, Syria,
Turky, &c. from whence they have been brought to
us, and. here are only nurfl up in Gardens.

IX. The Times. They Flower, or bear their gal-
lant Tufts or Spikes in Auguft, and continue Flow-
ering until September, keeping in fome meafure their
vigor, till Froft overtakes them, at what time they
perifh. As for the third, or Variable blower gentle,
it ought to be Sown in a hot Bed of Horfe Dung,
with fome Earth ftrewed thereon , in the end of
March , and fo ordered as you do Musk Melons,
and the like.

X. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and
Virtues, are the fame with thofe in the former Chap-
ter, to which you are referred.

CHAP. CCLXXX.

Of FLOWER ^ Conftantinople,

0 R,

FLOWER of Briftol.

L ' l v H E Names. It is called in Greek Avj&k Bu*

X («U77«an, K) 7n« Kwramrounitoeg, x) A X^axh*

JbviM* in Latin Lychnis Chalcedonica, Lychnis By-
zantina , vel Conftantinopolitana , in Eng lift? blower
af Conftantinople , or Briftol blower.

II. The Kinds'. It is . one of che Kinds of Lycb-
nide. r, or Campions, and is twofold, viz. i . Lychnis
Chalcedonica Flore fimplici miniato , Single Nonefuch,
or Flower of Conftantinople , or Brijioi Flower. 2.
Lychnis Chalcedonica Flore plena miniato , Double
Nonefuch, or Double Flower of Conftantinople
or Briftol Flower.

III. The Defcriptions. Ttefirft,or Single None-
fuch, has a Root which is very Fibrous or Stringy ,
faftning it felf Very ftrcng’y in the Ground , whereby
it much increafes it felj , from whence fpring up ma-
ny broad and long green Leaves , among which rife
up feveral ft iff, round , hairy, jointed tialks, three
Feet high, with two Leaves at every Joint ■, the Flow-
ers Hand at the tops of them, very many together,
in a large Tuft or Umble, confuting of five finall
long Leaves, broad pointed, and notched in the mid-
dle, of a bright red Orange color ; which being palt,
there come in their places fmall hard whitilh
Heads, or Seed Veffels, containing black Seed, like
to rhe Seed of Sweet Williams , and having bur a
fmall fmell.

IV. Of this Single Species there are three Other
forts , which differ chiefly in the Colors of the Flow-
ers, viz. I. Lychnis Chalcedonica Flore fimplici albo.
Single Briftol Flower with a White Flower. 2. Lych-
nis Chalcedonica Flore fimplici Cameo , Single None-
fuch with a Blufh orFlefh Color, without variabili-
ty. 3. Lychnis Chalcedonica Flore fimplici Verftco-
lor. Single Nonefuch Variable. This at firlt is of a
pale Red, after a while it grows paler, and at laft
it becomes wholly white; and all tliefe diverfities
of Flowers it will have to be feen at one and the
fame time upon the Stalks.

V. The fecond, or Double Nonefuch, has a Root
Fibrous, like the former, and increafes in like man-
ner, the Leaves and Stalks being hairy and high , and
the Flowers growing in Tufts , altogether like the fitji
Single Kind ; but in this confifts the chief difference,
that this bearsa larger Umble or Tuft of Flowers's J
top of the Stalk, each Flower conlifting 0/ three or

C c c 2 four

j8o

Salmon j UerhaL Lib. 1.

foul rows of Leaves, of a deeper Orange Color than
it, which adds the more Grace to it, but paffes a-
way without bearing Seed, as moft other double
Flowers do ; it is a Glorious Flower, being as Mag-
nificent as it is Beautiful.

VI. T be Places. They were firft brought to us
out of Turky, and are now Planted in our Gardens,
almoft every where.

VII. The Times. They Flower all June and Ju-
ly but not till the fecond Year after Planted, and
continue Flowering for many Years, having a Root
full of Lite, and endures long, being able to lultain
the cold of our Country.

VIII. The Vitalities , Specific aiion , Preparations
and Virtues of thefe Flowers have never been men-
tioned by any Author, and therefore we have the
lels to lay of them; but doubtlefs being Kinds of
the Lychnis, or Campion, they may have the lame
Virtues, and therefore to Chap. 90. aforegoing we
refer you tor the fame.

CHAP. CCLXXXI.

FLOW

Bulbous

ERDELU

Unmatchable.

C E

I.cj’ff E Names.

The general Name of all the
Plants of this kind is in Ar, thick Afmeni
juni , Aierfd , in Greek in Latin Iris, and in

EngUJh Flowerdeluce.

II. The Kinds. Of this Plant there are two prin-
cipal Kinds, viz. 1. ~ Lri ConCuF os, Iris bulbofa, The
bulbous or Onion like Flowerdeluce. 2. TwwANf,
Iris tuberofa , The tuberous or bunchy Flowerde-
luce.

III. Of the Bulbous Kind there are feveral Species,

as t. Iris bulbofa impar , five incomparabilis , The
unmatchable bulbous Flowerdeluce, of which in this
Chapter. 2. Iris bulbofa Anglica , The EngUJh bul-
bous Flowerdeluce, of which in Chap. 282. 2- Iris

bulbofa latifolia, The broad Leaved bulbous Flower-
deluce, of which in Chap. 283. 4. Iris bulbofa an-

gifiifolia major , The greater narrow Leav'd bulbous
Flowerdeluce, of which in Chap. 284. 5. Insbul-
bofa anguftijo/ia minor , The. lefler narrow Leav’d
bulbous Flowerdeluce, of which in Chap. 285.

IV. Of the Tuberous Kind there are thefe follow-

ing Species, viz. 1 . Iris tuberofa Chalcedonia , The
Turkey tuberous Orrice or Flowerdeluce, of which
in Chap- 286. 2. Iris tuberofa alba Florentine , The

Florentine white tuberous Orrice or Flowerdeluce,
of which in Chap. 287. 3. Iris tuberofa latifolia.

The broad Leav’d tuberous Orrice or Flowerdeluce,
of which in Chap. 288. 4. Iris tuberofa anguftifo-
iia , The narrow Leav’d tuberous Orrice or Flower-
deluce, of which in Chap. 289. 290. y. Iris tube-
rofa pttmila major , Chanueiris ’major , The greater
Dwarf Orrice or Flowerdeluce, of which in Chap.
291. 6. Iris tuberofa pumila minor, Chanueiris mi-
nor,, The lefler Dwarf Orrice or Flowerdeluce, of
which in Chap. 292. 7. Iris Graminea , The Grafs
Flowerdeluce, of which in Chap. 293. 8. Iris a-

gria , Xyris, Wild Flowerdeluce, or Stinking Glad-
don, of which in Chap. 294. 9. Iris Pa/ujiris,

Water Flowerdeluce, or Water Flag, of which we
have already Treated in Chap. 266. aforegoing.

V. Of the unmatchable Species there are two kinds,
viz. 1. Iris bulbofa prime latifolia Clufij , Clufius
his firft great bulbous Flowerdeluce. 2. Iris bulbo-
fa Perjica, The Perfian bulbous Flowerdeluce.

VI. The Defcriptions. The fiiji , or Great bul-
bous Flowerdeluce, hoi a reafonable great , round , or
Onion like Root, black on its outward Coats , and
white within, having many long, thick, white Roots
indeed of Fibres, which make them look like Afpho-
del Roots. From this Root fpring feveral long and
broad Leaves, not ftiff, like as all the other, but
foft, and greenifh on the upper fide and whitifh un-
derneath ; from among which rife up fometimes feve-
ral fmall, fhort, {lender Stalks, and fometimes but
one, about half a Foot high, bearing at the top one
Flower apiece, fomething like unto a Flowerdeluce ,
confifting of nine Leaves, of which, thofe three
which Hand upright ate fhorter , and more clofed
together than in the other kinds of Flowcrdeluces ,
the other three which fall down turn up their ends a
little, and thofe three which in other Flowcrdeluces
do cover them at the bottom, Hand like the upright
Leaves of the other kinds , but are parted into two
ends, like unto two fmall Ears -, the whole Flower
is of a fair Blew, or pale Sky Color in moft, with
a long ftripe in the middle of each of the falling
Leaves, and in fome white, but more feldom ; thele
Flowers are very fweet of finell.

VII. The fecond , or Perfian Flowerdeluce, has a
bulbous, or round Onion like Root, with Leaves fome-
what like to the former , but that they are fhorter,
and a little narrower ; the Flower is much of the
fame fafhion with the other, and is of a pale blew
ruffetifh Color,each of the three lower falling Leaves
are almoft wholly of a brown Purple, with a yel-
low fpot in the midft of them ; this is a rare Plant,
and does not often beat Flowers with us, unlefs
planted in a good Soil, and in a warm place, where
it may have much of the prefence of the Sun, and
be fhelter’d from Storms and cold Winds, which al-
ways keep it back.

VIII. The Places. The firft is a Native of Spain
and Portugal , the fecond of Perfia, but with us they
are only nurft up in Gardens, and being very tender
Plants, ought to be Houfed in Winter.

IX. The Times. The firft Flowers with us in
May, and fometimes fooner, but in Spain and Por-
tugal it Flowers, as Clufius fays, in January and
February -, the fecind when it Flowers with us. Flow-
ers alio in April or May.

X. As to the Vitalities, Specification, Preparati-
ons and Virtues of thefe, and all the feveral Kinds
of Bulbous Flowerdeluces, Authors have faid nothing,
nor is any thing extant concerning the fame; and
therefore in the four next Chapters we (hall take no
further notice of them, this being faid here cnce for
all; their cheif ufe has been, and yetis, to deck up
and adorn the Gardens of the Curious.

CHAP. CCLXXXII.

Of FLOWERDELUCE
Bulbous Englifii.

I.c-p H E Names. It may be called in Greek ’lea
I GorGuJ'ns BeiTjtmxor, in Latin Ins bulbofa
glica. , Ins bulbofa major , Iris bulbofa Anglica cent -
lea. , in Eiigli/h Blue Enghjh bulbous Llowerdeluce.

II. The Kinds. It is one of the greater Kinds of
the broad Leav’d bulbous Rooted Plants.

III. The Defcription. The Root of this Kind is
greater and longer than any of the fmaller Kinds

which

Chap. 283. Englifh Herbs . 381

which have narrow Leaves , it is round , or Onion
like , covered with divers brown Skins , which feem
to be rcplcat with long Threads , 7//fc Hairs , especially
at the /mail, or upper end of the Root, which thing
you will not find in any of the f mailer Kinds . From
this Root the Plant lprings up early, fometimes in
January , with five or fix long Leaves, which are
broad, yet narrow in companion of their length,
and in refpefl to the other Kinds, alfo of a whitilh
green color, crefted or ftraked on the backfide, and
halt' round, being hollow, like a Trough or Gutter,
white all along the infide of the Leaf’ and blunt at
the end *, from among which riles up a thick round
Stalk, a Foot and half^ or two Feet high, at the top
whereof out of a skinny husk, comes forth one, and
fometimes two Flowers, confifting of nine Leaves
apiece, three of which that are turned downwards
are larger and broader than the other, having in each
of them a yellow fpot , about the middle of the
Leaf’-, other three are fmall, hollow, ridged, or arch-
ed, covering the lower part next the Stalk of thofe
failing Leaves turning up their ends, which are di-
vided into two parts-, the other three Hand upright,
and are very fmall at the bottom of them, and broad-
er towards the top ^ the whole Flower is of a fair
blew Color : after the Flowers are paft, Heads three
fquare come up, which are fomewhat long and lank,
or loofe, containing within them round yellowifh
Seed, which when it is ripe, will rattle by the fha-
king of the Wind in the dry Husks.

IV. The P laces. Lobel fays that this Blew broad
Leav'd bulbous Flowerdeluce grows naturally in the
Weft of England , whether this be true or ho, I know
not, but of this I am certain, that it grows admira-
bly well in our Climate ^ and as it js a beautiful
Flower, fo by much Planting it, it is very much en-
creafed^ and it grows common in moft Country
Folks Gardens : it has alfo been found growing in
Spain , and in France , by luch as have Travelled thro’
thofe Countries.

V. The Times. It Flowers ufually in the end of
May, or beginning of June, and the Seed is ripe
in the end of July, or in Auguft.

VI. Kota. Lobel calls this Plant Hyacinthus Po-
et arum Flore Iridis, becaufe of its Hyacinth Color,
but I think without any reafon for the fame^ it is
truly an Iris or Flowerdeluce, and is called by fome
Iris bulbofa major. Jive latifolia, to difference it from
the leffer with narrow Leaves.

CHAP. CCLXXXIII.

Of FLOWERDELUCE
Bulbed broad Leav’d.

I. H E Names. It is called in Greek CokCo-
<T» < 'rrarv'ipvAKtt, in Latin Iris bulbofa latifolia,
in Englifh Broad Leav’d bulbous Flowerdeluce.

II. Tfo Kinds. There are various forts hereof,
viz. 1. Iris bulbofa major purpurea Lf pur pur eo Vi-
ol ace a , The paler or deeper purple great bulbous
Flowerdeluce. 2. Iris bulbofa major purpurea va-
riegate, five ftriata , The great purple ftriped bul-
bous Flowerdeluce. 3. Iris bulbofa ?najor Flore ru-
bente. The great Peach colored bulbous Flowerde-
luce. 4- Iris bulbofa major, five latifolia alba. The
great white bulbous Flowerdeluce. 5. Iris bulbofa
major alba variegata. The great white ftriped bul-
bous flowerdeluce. 6. Iris bulbofa major , five la-

tifolia verficolor , The great party colored bulbous
flowerdeluce.

III. The Defcriptions. The fir ft, dr paler or
deeper purple great Bulb, has a Root like the Hng-
lilh in the former Chapter, nor differs from it in the
Leaf -, the chiefelf difference is in the Flowers, which
in this are fomewhat larger , and in the one of a
deep Blew, or Violet Purple Color, in the other of
a deep Purple Color, in all other refpe&s it is like
to the former Eng/ifij : there is alfo another, in all
things like to this, faving, that the Flower is of a
pale Blew, or an Afh Color.

, IV. The Jecond, or Great Purple Striped, has a
purple Flower , but with fome Veins, or Stripes of a
deeper Violet Color, Dario ufly running thro ’ the whole
Leaves of the Flower. There is another of this fort,
which is of a pale Blew or Aih Color, ftreaked with
Lines and Veins of Purple in the Leaves of the Flow-
ers, fome more, fome lefs than other. Another al-
fo of a Purple Color, like to rhe firft , but that
round about the yellow fpot in the middle of each
of the three falling Leaves is of a pale Blue or A(h
Color, the reft of die Leaf remaining Purple, as the
other parts of the Flower are.

V. The third, or Great Peach Colored, is more
rare than any of the former, and not differing from
them in Root, Leaf, or Flower, but only that the
Flower in this is of a pale reddifh Purple Color, com-
ingfome thing near to the Color of a Peach B'offom.

VI. The fourth, or Great White, has a Root not
differing from the others, but only greater, it fprings
not up fo early out of the Ground as the Blew and
Purple do , but about a Month or more after-, the
Leaves are fomething larger and broader than the
others -, the Stalk is thicker and fliorter, bearing u-
fually two very large and great Flowers, one open-
ing a little before the other, yet oftentimes both in
Flower together in the end, and of a pale blewilh
white Color, which is called a Silver Color while
they are in the Bud, and before they are blown 0-
pen, but then of a purer white, yet with an eye or
(how of the Silver Color remaining in them ^ the
three falling Leaves are very large, having that yel-
low fpot in the middle of them after the Flowers
are paft. Heads come forth like unto the Blew or
Purple Kinds, but larger, containing Seed of a red-
difh yellow color like them.

VII. The fifth, or Great White Striped, is in Root,
Leaf, and Flower , alfo in its manner of growing ,
like unto the laft Great White Flowerdeluce, it dif-
fers only in the marking of the Flower, being vari-
ous from it, for this has in the White Flower great
Veins, Stripes, or Marks, of a Violet Blew, difper-
fed thro’ the Leaves of the Flower varioufly, which
adds a fuperexcellent beauty thereto.

VIII. The fixth, or Great Party Colored, differs
not from the laft , but in the F lower , which is of a
whitifh color in the three falling Leaves , having a
circle of Afh Color about the yellow fpot, the three
ridged Leaves being whitifh, but ridged and edged
with that Alh Color, and the three upright Leaves
of a pale blewilh white Color, with fome Veins
therein of a blewifli Purple : there are fome of this
laft fort, in which more Varieties are to be feen
than can eafily be expreft, or remembred, which va-
riety, it is very probable, might come from the Sow-
ing of the Seed in differing Soils, as has been truly
obferved in other Plants.

IX. The Places. They are all planted, and grow
in our Englifh Gardens, where they thrive very
well.

X. The Times. They all Flower in the er.d of
May , and in June , and the Seed is ripe in July and
Auguft «

C H A P.

III. The Defcriptions. i. Iris bulb of a angufl fo-
lia alba Here major e , The greater white narrow
Leav'd bulbous Flowerdeluce. This has a Root like
to the other Kinds, which is a little bigger and
rounder in the middle, and in its fpringing up and
manner of growing is much like to the firft deferi-
bed in the next Chapter in all its parts, faving,^ that
it is a little larger and higher, both in Leaf, Stalk,
and Flower, and much whiter than any of the mix-
ed Kinds which follow, vet not fo white as the ftnall
Kind in the next Chapter: in thefe which follow
we (hall not make a feveral and large Defcription
to every Kind, for that would be to make often and
many repetitions of one and the lame thing, for the
firft of them being once deferibed, (which we have
already done) we will to all the following add only
the efpecial differences, either in Leaf or Flower,
in Magnitude, Color, or Form, wherein they may
vary from that firft, or one from another, thefe be-
ing all of the greater Kind.

IV. 2. Iris bulbofa angufiifolia albefcens , The
Milk white narrow Leav'd bulbous flowerdeluce . Its
falling Leaves have a little (hew of yellownefs, and
fo are the middle ridges of the arched Leaves, but
the upright Leaves are more white 3 in Root and
Leaf it differs not from the firft White.

V . 3. Argent ea, The Silver Colored narrow Leav'd
bulbous flowerdeluce. Its falling Leaves are of a
yellowifh white, like the laft, the arched Leaves are
whiter, and the upright Leaves of a blewilh white,
which we call Silver Color, like that of Silver
Weed , 01 Wild Tanfte.

VI. 4. Albida , Whitijh. The falling Leaves are
yellowifh, and fometimes with a little edge of white
about them, and fometimes without-, the upright
Leaves are whitifh, as the arched Leaves are, the
ridge yellower.

VII. 5. Albida labris luteis , White with yellow
falls. The falls are yellow , the upright Leaves
white-, all thefe Flowers are of the fame bignefs
with the firft.

VIII. 6. Albida angufior,The more narrow White,
The Flower is fmaller, and almoft as white as the
firft, the lower Leaves are fmall, and do as it were
ftand outright , not having fcarcely any fall at all.
lb that the yellow lpot feems to be the whole Leaf ,
the arched Leaves are not half fo large as in the
former, and the upright Leaves bow themfelves in
the middle, fo that the tops do as it were meet tO'
gether.

IX. 7. Lutea , The Tellow. It is like the former,
faving, that its falling Leaves are a little more emi-
nent and yellow, with a yellow fpot.

X. 8. Aurea , five Lutea Hifpanica , Tl)e Golden ,
or Spanifh fellow. It rifes not up fo high as com-
monly moft of the reft do, and is wholly of a Gold
yellow Color.

XI. 9. ? alii da Lutea , The pale lellotc. It efua Uy
rifes higher than the former yellow, and L wholly
of a pale yellow, but deeper at the Ipo..

XII. 10. Albida lutea. Tale Straw Color. It is
like unto the laft pale yellow, but that the falling
Leaves are whiter than all the reft of the Flower.

XIII. 1 1 . Verjicolor Hifpanica c&rulea labris al-
bis. The Spanifh party colored Blew. Its falling
Leaves are white , the arched Leaves of a whitifh
Silver color, and the upright Leaves of a fine blew-
ilh purple.

XIV. 1 2. Labris Cceruleis, The Blew edged. The
falling Leaves will have either an edge of blew, cir-
cling the white Leaves, the arched Leaves being a
little blewer,and the upright Leaves more purple, or
the falls will be almoft wholly blew, edged with a
blewer color, the arched Leaves pale blew, and the

pright Leaves of a purplilh blew Violet color.

XV. 13. Alba pallida, A pale White. The falls
are white, the arched Leaves pale white, fo alfo the
upright Leaves -, fome are a fair blewilh purple: fome
of them will alfo have larger Flowers than others,
and bear more -, for the firft fort, which is the molt
ordinary, feldom bears above one Flower on a Stalk,
yet fometimes two: and of the others, fome will
bear two, and three Flowers, others again but one.

XVI. 1 4. Cxrulea , five Purpurea major , The
greater Purple. The Stalk is higher. Flower purple,
and larger the Stalk of a very reddifh purple color,
a little above the Ground, at the foot or bottom of
the Leaves and Stalk 3 this Flowers with the latter
fort of f lower deluces.

XVII. 1 5; . Purpurea ferotina , The late Purple .
The Flower is wholly purple, except the yellow fpot,
and Flowers later than any of the other Purples.

XVIII. 1 6. Purpurea rubefeens labris cceruleis.
The reddifh Purple with blew falls. Its upright
Leaves are of a reddifh purple, and the falling
Leaves of a blew color.

XIX. 17. Purpurea rubefeens labris albido cceru-
leis ffhe reddifh Purple with whitifh blew falls. It is
of a reddifh purple, and its falling Leaves of a whi-
tifh blew color, in nothing elfe differing from the
laft.

XX. t8. Purpurea labris luteis. The Purple
with yellow falls. Its falling Leaves are of a fair
Gold yellow, without any ftripe, yet in fome there
are Veins running thro’ the yellow Leaves, and fome
have an edge of a fad dark color about them 3 the
upright Leaves in every of thefe are of a Violet
Purple.

XXI. 1 9. Purpurea labris ex albido cceruleo, Lf
luteo mixtis , Party colored Purple with friped yel-
low falls. This is like the laft, but that the falling
Leaves are of a pale blew and yellow, traverfing one
the other, and the arched Leaves of a pale purplilh
color.

XXII. 20. Subpurpurea labris luteis , The pale
Purple with yellow falls. Its upright Leaves aje
of a paler purple, and the falling Leaves yellow.
There is another Species of this, a little differing
from it, in that the arched Leaves are whitilh.

XXIII. 21. Subccerulea labris luteis , The Party
colored blew and yellow. Its upright Leaves are of a
pale blew, and the falling Leaves yellow. There is
another of this fort, but of a little paler blew.

XXIV. 22. Crinis colons elegantiores , The fair
Hair colored. Its upright Leaves are of a fair brown-
ifh yellow, or Hair color, and the falling Leaves
yellow.

XXV. 23. Altera obfoleticr , The dull Hair co-
lored. It is of the fame color with the former, but
fomewhat deader.

XXVI. 24. Iris bulbofa Africana, The Purple or
Murry Barbary bulbous flowerdeluce. As to Root,

Leaf

Chap. 285. Englijh Herbs.

383

Leaf, and Flower, and for its form, it is in all re-
fpefts like unto the middle fort of thefe tlowerde-
luces, only thelowelf part of the Leaves and Stalk,
for about an Inch next the Ground, are of a reddilh
color, fpotted wich many fpots, and the whole Flow-
er being of a mean fize, is of a deep purplilh Red,
or Murry color, excepting the yellow fpot in the
midft of the three falling Leaves ; it is a Flower of
much beauty.

XXVII. 2?. Purpurea carulea obfoleta labrisfuf-
cu . The dusky Parly colored Purple. This is the
greatelf of all thefe narrow Leav'd flowerdeluces ■ in
all the parts of it , the Root is greater than any of
the other, being thick and fliort, the Leaves are
broader and longer, but of the fame color, the Stalk
is higher and ftronger than any of them , bearing
two or three Flowers, which are larger than any of
the reft, the falling Leaves are of a dusky yellow,
fometimes with Veins and Borders about the Brims
of another dun color, having the yellow fpot in the
middle ; the arched Leaves are of a fad pale pur-
plilh yellow, the upright Leaves are of a dull or
dusky blewilh Purple, and the Heads or Horns for
Seed are alfo greater, as is likewife the Seed.

XXVIII. T he Places. All thefe flowerdeluces
came originally out op Spain and Portugal , and with
us they are nourilht up in Gardens, where they prof-
per very well.

XXIX. The Times. They Flower in June, and
fometimes continue Flowering until July, but Flow-
er not commonly fo early as the Latifo/ia , or broad
Leav'd Kinds ; they are foon fpoiled with Wet in
Flowering.

CHAP. CCLXXXV.

out of (horr skinny Leaves, come forth one or two
Flowers, fmaller, Ihorter, and rounder than the
Flowers of the laft of the broad leav'd , yet made
after the fame proportion, with nine Leaves, three
falling downwards, with a yellow fpot in the mid-
dle, other three made long,' made like a long arch
which cover the lower part, next the Stalk of thofe
falling Leaves, and turn up at the ends of them
where they are divided into two parts; the other
three Hand upright, between each of the three fal-
ling Leaves, being fomewhat long and narrow; the
Flower is wholly of a pure white color, (faving the
yellow fpots) yet in fome having a Ihow of fome
blewnefs throughout, and in others towards die bot-
tom of the thiee upright Leaves: after the Flowers
are paft, fo many long Cods or Seed VelTels rife up
as there were Flowers, which are longer and fmaller
titan in the laft of the broad Leav’d , and a little
bending, like a Coronet, wfth three round fquares
and round pointed alfo, which dividing it felf(wheri
the Seed is ripe) into three parts, do (hew fix feve-
ral Cells or places, wherein is contained fuch like
round reddilh yellow Seeds as thofe of the laft La-
tifo/ia, but fomething Imaller.

IV. T hefeconi, or lefler yellow latenarrow Leav’d,
is a fmaller Plant, of Dwarf Kind, brought from the
farther parts of Barbary, near the Sea, like unto the
yellow greater narrow Leav’d, viz. the Ninth and
Tenth of the former Chapter , but that this is fmaller
and lower, and inftead of upright Leaves, has fmall
Ihort Leaves like Hairs; it Flowers very late, after
all others have yielded their ripe Seed.

V. The third, or fmall early Purple Portugal, is
fmaller in all its parts than the alba pallida at Sell.
XIII. of the former Chapter , the Stalk is flendererj
and not fo high, bearing at the top one or two linall
Flowers, all wholly of a fair blewilh Purple, with
a yellow fpot in the middle of everyone of the fal-
ling Leaves.

O/FLOWERDELUCE
Bulbous narrow Leav’d Small.

I. ‘ I ' H E Names. It is called in Greenlees CouCd-

X <r« (W-jsei, in Latin Iris bulbofa

angiiJUfolia minor, in Englijh The leffer narrow
Leav’d bulbous flowerdeluce.

II. The Kinds. There are but three feveral Spe-
cies of this fort taken notice of by Authors, viz. 1.
Iris bulbofa angujlifolia alba minor. The fmall white
narrow Leav’d bulbous Flowerdeluce. 2. Iris bul-
boja anguftifolia mauritanica ferotina flava minor.
The lelfer yellow late narrow Leav’d bulbous Flow-
erdeluce of Barbary. 3. Iris bulbofa anguflifo/ia
Cnrulea , Jive Purpurea pracox minor Lujitanicajfhz
Portugal Imall early Purple, or Blew narrow Leav’d
bulbous Flowerdeluce.

VI. The Places. Thefe, alfo all of them, came
firft to us from Spain and Portugal , but are here
nurft up in Gardens, where they thrive very well.

VII. The Times. The firft Flowers in June , and
fometimes in July, but not fo early as the former
broad Leav’d Kinds. The fecond Flowers very late
after moil of the others, and the third ufually Flow-
ers very early, even with the foil bulbous ilower de-
luces.

VIII. Nota. It is pofiible that there may be ma-
ny more Kinds or Differences of thefe bulbous flow
erdeluces, which may arife from the different good-
nels of the Seed, alfo from the Soil, and the time
and manner of Sowing it , as many have obferved
from their own experience, every Year fhewing forth
fome variety which was never feen before.

III. The Defcriptions. The firjl, or fmall white
narrow Leav’d bulbous Flowerdeluce , has a Root
which Is fmaller and Jhorter than thofe of the Latifo-
lia, and without any Hairs or Threads, covered with
brown thin Skins, and more plentiful in yielding an
increafe ; its Flower is fmaller than the foil Kind of
the former Chapter ; it fprings out of the Earth al-
ways before Winter, which afterwards breaks forth
into four or five fmall and narrow Leaves, a Foot or
more long, of a whitifh green on the infide, which
is hollow and channelled, and of a blewilh green co-
lor on the outfide, and round withal ; the Stalk is
longer and Ilenderer than thofe of the Latifo/ia, with
fome (hotter Leaves upon it , at the top whereof,

CHAP. CCLXXXVI.
O/FLOWERDELUCE

Tuberous Great Turky,

0 R,

FLAG FLOWERDELUCE,

L 1 ’ H E Names. It is called in Greek Tecs ri/uSJ'ni
\ '/..irutTic. fGn in Latin Iris tuberofa Cbal-
cedonica major , in Englijh The great Turky tuberous
flowerdeluce.

II- The

Salmon’ j1 “Herbal ■

Lib. I.

II. The Kinds. This is the firit of the Tuberous
fen s, of which there are two fpecial Kinds, viz. i.
Iris Chalcedonies five Sufiana major , The great Tur-
ky Flowerdeluce. 2. Iris Cha/ccdoniea , fve Sitfi-
a'na minor, The lefler Turky Flowerdeluce. This
Fitter, tho’ it is called®/™/-, or lefler, yet it is on-
ly To in refpea to the firft great Kind, but it is mag-
nus or major, in refpea of the little Kinds, which
hereafter follow.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Great Turky
Flowerdeluce, ha* a Root which h brown on the out-
fide and is very thick and tuberous , a* all others of
this'' fort of Garden Kinds are. From this Root
fprine forth feveral Heads of long and broad trelh
green Leaves, yet not fo broad as many others ot
thole which follow, one folded within another at
the bottom, as all others of thefe Flowerdeluces are ;
from the middle of fome one of thefe Heads, (for
every Head of Leaves bears not a Flower) rifes up a
round ftiff Stalk, about two Feet high, at the top
whereof Hands one Flower, (it has not yet been ob-
jerved to bear two) the largeft almoft, but the molt
excellent of all the reft, confifting of nine Leaves,
like the others which follow, but of the color almoft
of a Snakes Skin, it is fo varioufly fpotted ■, the three
lower Killing Leaves are very large, of a deep or
dark purple color, almolt black, full of greyilh Ipots,
ftrakes and lines thro1 the whole Leaves, with a
black Thrum or Freez in the midlt of each of them ;
the three arched Leaves which cover them ate of the
fame daik purple color, yet a little paler at the haes ;
the three upper Leaves are very large, and ot the
fame color with the lower Leaves, but a little more
lively and frelh, being lpeckled and'ftraked with
whiter fpots and lines, which Leaves being laid in
Water will tinge the Water of a Violet color, and
it a little Alum be put therein, and then they be
wrung or preffed out, and the Juice of thefe Leaves
is dryed in the (hade, it will become a color almolt
as deep as Indico, and may lerve for Shadows in the
Ai t of Limning •, the Flower has no fmell which can
be perceived, but is only commendable for its beau-
ty and the rarity thereof-, it leldom bears Seed in
our Climate, but when it does, it is contained in
great Heads or Cods, being brownifh and round, but
not fo fiat as in the other Kinds which follow.

IV. The fecond, or Leffer Turky Kind, differs lit-
tle from the former, the Leaf is of a more yellowifh
green color, ’the Flowers are neither fo large nor fo
fair, nor the ipots and marks fo perfpicuous, nor the
Color of that lively luftre.

V. The Places. By fome part of the Name, it
feems that they might firft come from Sufis in Per-

into T i//Ty,but from Turky they were firft: brought
to us ; they grow and thrive very well in out Gar-

1 Vf. The Times. They Flower moll commonly
in May, before any of the other Species.

VII. As to their Qualities, Specification , Prepa-
rations and Virtues, fee them declared at large in
Chap. 28S. following : And here is to be noted
that all the Tuherofe Flowerdeluces (except the
il creatine, commonly called Florentine Orrice) more
efpecially thole which have the Blew or Purple Flow-
er, have one and the fame Virtues ; and that our
hnglijh Bleu Flowerdeluce exceeds them all.

CHAP. CCLXXXVII.

Of FLOWER DELUCE
White Florentine,

0 R,

FLORENTINE ORRICE.

I. 'T 'HE Names. It is called in Greek "hot te-

X xewtii : in Latin Iris Tuberofia alba ,

Iris tuberofia Florentine , Iris alba Florentine : in
EngliflWhite flowerdeluce, Florentine flowerdeluce ,
Florentine White flowerdeluce. White Orrice, and
Florentine Orrice.

II. The Kinds. It is threefold, viz. 1. Iris alba
Florentine , The White Flowerdeluce, or Florentine
Orrice, which is the principal kind, and that of
which the fweet Orrice Pouder is made. 2. Iris
Flore Pallido Florentine , The yellowilh White, or
Straw colored Florentine Orrice. 3. has alba major
Verficolor, The White party colored Flowerdeluce.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Great White
Florentine Flowerdeluce, has a Root which is Tube-
rous or Knobby , thick, irregular, and floating out
from every fide fuch like Tuberous Heads, lying for
the moft part upon , or above the Ground, andfajl-
ned within the Ground with long white Fibres or
Strings. From this Root rife up many Heads of
very broad, and flat long Leaves, enclofing or fold-
ing one within another at the bottom, and after a
little fpace divided one from another towards the
top, thin edged on both lides, like a two edged
Sword, and thicker in the middle. From the mid-
dle of fome of thefe Heads of Leaves, rifes up a
round Iliff Stalk, two or three Feet high, bearing
at the top one, two, or three large Flowers, which
break out of feveral Husks or Skins, confifting of
nine Leaves apiece, as all the other Flowerdeluces
do, and of a lair white color ; having in the mid-
dle of each of the three falling Leaves a fmall long
yellow Freez or Thrum, as is molt ufual in all the
kinds of the following Flowerdeluces , both 0f the
greater and fmaller forts. After the Flowers are
paft, thick Ihort Cods or Pods come forth filled
full with the Seed, which is red, roundilh, and flat.

IV. The fecond, or yellowilh White, is in its
Roots, Leaves , Stalks, Flowers, Seed , and manner
of growing very like unto The former, or true Flo-
rentine Orrice ; and differs in nothing from it, but
in the color of the Flowers, this being indeed of a
more yellowilh White, commonly called a Straw
color.

V, , The third, or White party colored, has a
Root not fo great as the former White Florentine,
but a little [tenderer and browner. The Leaves are
not fo large and broad but the Flower hereof is
nearly as large, and as White as the firft Florentine-,
yet it has a fair Lift or Line, of a blewilh purple,
down the back of every one of the three upright
Leaves, and likewife round about the edges, both
of the upper and lower Leaves -, and alio a little
more purplifh upon the ridge of the arched Leaves,
which cover the falling Leaves. In all other re-
fpe&s this variable Flowerdeluce is like to the for-

mer.

VI. The Places. The Name (hews the Original
place from whence it came to us, but the bell

comes

Chap, 288. ‘Engl if!) Herbs.

As

comes from Illyria in Greece : Here we only Nurfe
it up in Gardens , where it fiourilheS as well as any
of the Blew or Purple Kinds.

VII. The Times. They flower in April 1, May,
ahd June , according as care is taken of them.

VIII. The Qualities. The lllyrick Orrice is ac-
counted the bell, but the Roots of both that and
the Florentine are ufed, and the latter being moll
common, bears away the Bell in its Name. It is
hot and dry in the lecond Degree, incides, attenu-
ates, expectorates, digefts, opens, mollifies, abfter-
ges, and is PeCtoral.

IX. T he Specification. It is good again!! Tarta-
rous Mucilage in the Bteft and Lungs, Coughs,
Afthma’s, Itinking Breath.

X. The Preparations. You may prepare from
the Boot ( for nothing elfe of the Plant is ufed )
I. A Pouder. 2. Species Diaireos fimplices, A Spe-
cies. 3. An Elettuary fimple. 4. Diaireos Salomon, r,
EleCluary of Orrice Roots compound. 5. An Ex-
traU. 6. A Spirituous Tintture. 7. An Acid T in-
jure.

The Virtues.

XI. The Pouder , commonly called Orrice Pouder.
It is ufed outwardly in making perfumes, and in
fweet Pouder for the Hair ; alfo in Compofitions
of Damask Ponders and Cyprefs Pouders. The
Root it fell is many times chewed in the Mouth,
by fuch who have a Stinking Breath; by which
means it draws forth much Rheum, Flegm, and ill
digefted Humors, which caufe the Breath to fmell
Strong. However the fimple Pouder is given for
the fame purpofe, from half a Dram to a Dram
every Morning tatting, and every Night going to
Bed, mixed with a fufficient Quantity of double
refined Sugar, and fo Iwallowed, and wafhed down
with a Glals of White Lisbon or Port Wine. It
opens obltruCtions of the Womb, provokes the
Terms, expels Wind, eafes gripings of the Belly,
and pains of the Stomach.

XII Species Diaireos fimplices , Pouder of Or-
rice Root fimple. See it in Our Pharmacopeia Lon-
dinenfis , Lib. 4. Chap. 21. Sett. 10. It is good a-
gaintt Afthma’s, breathing obftruCted, Colds, Coughs,
Hoarfnefs, Wheezing, Phthifick,!hortnefs of Breath,
Pain of the Stomach, Etc. Dofe from half a Dram
to two Drams.

XIII. The Elettuary. It is made of the fimple
Pouder at Sett. 1 1 . one part mixed with Clarified
Honey two parts. It has all the Virtues of the Spe-
cies Diaireos fimplices aforenamed ; befides which,
it caufes an admirable expectoration, and withal
keeps the Body foluble -, it cleanfes the Lungs, and
heals Ulcers there, expels Wind, gives eafe in the
Colick, by opening the Bowels, and prevails againlt
a Itinking Breath, Dofe half an Ounce or more,
Morning and Evening, drinking a Glafs of White
Port Wine after it.

XIV. Diaireos Salomon, r, EleCtuary of Orrice
Root compound. See it in our Pharmdcopceia Lon-
dinenfis Lib. 4. Chap. 22. Sett. 57. It is a very
good PeCtoral, good again!! Afthma’s, belching up
Wind, Coughs, Colds, Hoarfnefs, Wheezing, Ob-
ltruCtions of the Lungs, Ulcers of the Lungs, fpit-
ting of Blood and matter : It cleanfes thole parts,
dries, and heals them ; is good againft Colicks,
Wind, gripings of the Bowels, Worms in Chil-
dren, pain of the Stomach, weaknefs thereof, and
want of appetite. Dofe from half an Ounce to
an Ounce, two or three times a day, drinking a
Glafs of Hippocras or generous Wine after it.

XV. The Extratt. It is given from half a Dram
to a Dram in a Glafs of White Port Wine , Canary ,
Mallaga , Sherry , or Madera Wine , as alio in Mead

or Metheglin. It has all the Virtues of the Sim-
ple and Compound Ponders and EleCtuaries, but is
more powerful and effectual to all the purpofes and
intentions there fpecified. It Warms and comforts
a cold moift and depraved Stomach, ftrengthens
the Appetite, Caufes a good digeftion,and powerfully
opens obltruCtions of the Lungs, Liver and Spleen.

XVI. The Spirituous Tintture. It reftores the
tone of the Stomach and other Vifcera to a Mira-
cle ; and ftrengthens the Bowels upon the Cure of
a Dropfie, making them able to refill the return of
the Difeafe, and fo to prevent a Relapfe. It is a
lingular good thing againft a Leucophlegmatia,
wearinefs of the Body , Lazinefs, fainting and
fwooning Fits, and the Scurvy in a cold habit of
Body. Dofe two Drams, to three or more, in any
proper and fpecefick Vehicle, Morning, Noon, and
Night.

XVII. Tfoe Acid Tintture. It is highly deob-
ftruCtive and antifcorbutick, good againft all forts
of Fevers which proceed from the corruption of the
Juices, and putrefaction of the Humors ; and there-
fore is very prevalent againft the Plague, and all
forts of Peftilential and malignant Fevers, for that
it ftrikes againft their Root and Effence. It is as
well Prefervative as Curative •, and by reafon, that
it fo powerfully refifts putridity, and cleanfes, it
becomes an extraordinary remedy againft a Itinking
Breath, yea, tho’ it has been of many years Hand-
ing. It incides tough Flegm, diffolves it, and ex-
pels all the evil juices of the Stomach, and other
Vifcera, is good againft Stone, Gravel, Sand, and
Tartarous Mucilage in the Reins, Ureters and Blad-
der. Dofe fo many drops as to make the Liquor
pleafantly fharp, and may be taken in all that the
Patient drinks.

XVII. The Oily Tintture. Anointed upon the
parts affected, it is good againft Cramps, Convul-
sions, Tremblings of the Limbs, Numbnefs, Palfies,
and ail forts ot Pains and Aches proceeding from a
Cold caufe. Given Clifterwife to one Dram or
more it gives eafe in Colicks, Tor tions of the Bow-
els, Stone, ISc.

CHAP. CCLXXXVIII.

Of FLOWERDELUCE

Tuberous broad leaved,

0 R,

FLAG FLOWERDELUCE

broad leaved.

I. 'T'* H E Names. It is called in Greek

X haknf ctActTuipt'XAi) in Latin Iris luberofa la-
tifolia : and in Englijh Broad leaved Tuberous Tlow-
erdeluce. Some of the Greeks call it *I«f, quafi facr a ,
for which reafon fome have given it the name of
Confecratrix , but is rather called Iris a c £le fits Ar-
eas fimilitndine , quamfiores ejus reprejentant , trom
the Rainbow, whofe diverfity of (dolors, the Flow-
er thereof doth imitate. Some have called it Ra-
dix marifea , becaufe it is excellent againft the
Piles : and fome have called it Naronica , irom the
Rivet Naron , becaufe by its Banks and Shore it
grows in great plenty. Some have made a diffe-
rence between Iris and ireos. , according to the Latin
Verfe, Iris purpuream jiorem gerit , Ireos album :
making Iris to fignifie the Blew Plowerdeluce ; and
Ireos the White Flower duce , or Florentine Orrice 9
but this was purely a miftake in the Poet .- However

Salmon V Herbal. Lib. I.

now, when Phyficians write Iris, the Common Blew
cr Purple Flowerdeluce is intended:, but when Ireos,
they mean and intend the Florentine Orr'tce .

II. The Kinds. There are fourteen feveral kinds
of this Broad leaved Tuberous, blew or purple
Flowcrdeluce, viz. i. Iris purpurea , five vulga-
ris, The Common blew, or purple Flowerdeluce.
2. Iris purpurea palhdior verficolor , The various
colored paler purple Flowerdeluce. 3. Iris c&rulea
labris purpureis,The blewFlowerdeluce with purple
ftalks. 4. Iris Dalmatica major. The great Dalma-
tian Flowerdeluce. 5. Iris AJiatica Ccerulea , The
Blew Allan. 6. Iris AJiatica purpurea , The Purple
Afian. 7. Iris Damafcena, The Damafco Iris. 1. 1-
ris biflora Luf tunica. The Portugal double flower-
ing. 9. Iris purpurea verficolor major Comer aril.
The great variable Purple. 10. Iris purpurea ver-
f colon minor. The lefier variable Purple, n. Iris
purpurea altera minus fuliginea, Another Purple
lels fmoakie. 1 2. Iris Ccerulea verficolor. The Blew
variable. 13. Iris lute a variegata, The Yellow
variable. 14. Iris lutea labriis purpureis palladis ,
The Yellow with pale purple Lips, or falls.

III. The Defcriptions. The fir ft, or Common
blew or purple Flowerdeluce, hat a Tuberous
lloot , and differs little or nothing from the Great
‘ Turky kind, neither in its Root, Leaf or Flower,
nor m its manner or form of growing, only that the
Leaves of this are not fo large as fome of the kinds
are •, and the Flower it felf is of a deep purple, or
violet Color, and fometimes a little declining to
rednefs, in fome particular places.

IV. The fecond , or Various colored, paler Purple,
has Viewers of J'uch a pale Purple color, as that they
come near unto a Blew -, and fometimes it will have
Veins or Stripes of a deeper blew or purple, and
fometimes of an Afhcolor, running thro’ all the
higher and lower Leaves.

V. The third, or Blew with Purple falls, is ano-
ther kind much like unto the former ^ but this is
more purple in the falls, and more pale in the up-
right Leaves.

VI. The fourth, or Great Dalmatian, has its Roots
and Leaves as large and broad as any of the Flower -
deluces wbatfoever : Its Stalk and Flower do equal
its other parts in proportion j faving that the co-
lor of the Flowers is differing, this being of a fair
Watchet or pale blew color wholly, with the yel-
low Thrum down the middle of the Flower or
falling Leaves, as before is faid to be Common
to all Flowerdeluces. In all its other parts, it dif-
fers little, fave only, that it is obferved to have a
fmall fhew of a purplilh red about the bottom of
the green Leaves.

VII. The fifth, or Blew Afian, is in largenefs of
Leaves like unto the Dalmatian, but bears a greater
fore of Flowers on feveral Branches , which are of
a deeper blew color, and the arched Laves, whitifh
on the fide, and purplifh on the Ridges, but in o-
ther parts like unto it.

VIII. The fixth , or Purple Afian, is nearly like
to the former, but that the Leaves of this are a
little narrower, and its Flowers a little more Pur-
ple, efpecially the upper Leaves.

IX. The feventh, or Damafco Flowerdeluce , is
altogether like to the Flowerdeluce of Alia, except-
ing that it has fome white Veins in its upright
Leaves.

X. The eighth, or Portugal double flowering, is
very like the firfi kind of this Chapter, but that it is
not fo large in its Leaves, nor in its Flowers : It
fometimes flowers twice in a Year, viz. in the
Spring, and in the Autumn ^ but this double flow-
ering is not often, unlefs the Soil in which it grows
is very good, the Scituation proper, and the Sea-
fons warm and produFlive : But the Flowers of
this have a better and fweeter Smell than the firft
kind ; and they are of a Purple or Violet Color,
and come out of a purplifh Skin or Husk.

XI. The ninth, or Great variable Purple, has ve-
ry broad Leaves, like unto the Leaves of the firjl
kind in this Chapter , and fo is the Flower alfo, but
differing in Color : For the three lower Leaves, are
of a deep Purple, tending to rednels : The three
arched Leaves, are of the color of the upper Leaves^
and the three upper Leaves, are of a pale color,
tending to yellownefs, fhadowed over with a
Smoaky purplifh color, except the ridges of the
arched Leaves, which are of a more lively Pur-
ple.

XII. The tenth , or lefier variable Purple, differs
not in any thing from the lafi, but only that it has
narrower green Leaves, and fmaller and narrower
Flowers, otherwife if they be both compared to-
gether, the Colors will not feem to varie at all one
from another.

XIII. The eleventh , or other Purple lefs fmoaky,
comes fomething near unto the two lafi Kinds , whofe
Husks, from whence the Flowers do fhoot forth,
have purple Veins in them, and fo have the falling
purplilh Leaves ; and the three upright Leaves are
not fo dull or fmoaky, yet of a dull purple Color.

XIV. The twelfth , or Blew variable, has its
Leaves of the fame largenefs with the lefier Variable,
at Seft. 1 2. above, and its Flowers are as diverfiy
marked : for fome have the falling Leaves blew
at the edges, and whitifh at the bottom of the
arched Leaves, which are of a yellowifh white *
and the upright Leaves are of a whitifh blew,
with yellowifh edges. Some again are of a darker
blew, with brownifh Spots in them. And fome
are of fo pale a Blew, that it may well be called
an Afhcolor. Some alfo there are whole upright
Leaves are of a fair pale blew, with yellowifh
edges, and the falling Leaves are parted into two
colors, fometimes equally in halfs, each fide dif-
fering from the other in color •, and fometimes one

Leaf

Chap. 288. Englijb Herbs.

387

Leaf only is in that manner , and fometimes with a
various colored Lilt in them ; in the other parrs
both of Flower and Leaf, it is like to the faid letter
variable Purple.

XV. The thirteenth , or Yellow Variable, has a
Rrot which grows fomewhat more J. lender anil long ,
under ground , and of a darker color than many of
the others : This Plant lofes its Leaves in Winter,
which is contrary to all the former Flower de luces ,
lb that its Root remains under Ground, without
any appearance of Leaves upon it : But in the be-
ginning of the Spring, it (hoots out fair broad
Leaves, falling downwards at their points or ends,
but fhorter many times than any of the former, and
i'o is the Stalk in like manner, not riling much a-
bove a Foot or fifteen Inches high, on which are
let two or three large flowers, whofe three falling
Leaves are of a reddifh purple color : The three
Leaves which Hand upright are of a fmoaky yel-
low •, the three arched Leaves, having their Ridges
of a pale color, inclining to purple, have their fides
or edges of the former lmoaky yellow color, with
fome purplifh Veins at the feet or bottoms of all
the Leaves.

XVI. The fourteenth, or Yellow, with pale pur-
ple lips, or falls, has its three upright Leaves of a
pretty fair yellow, and jland more upright, not bow-
ing down, as mojt of the others do -, the three falling
Leaves are purple with pale edges. Some of
thefe have their green Leaves party colored, white
and green, more or lefs, and fo are the husks of
the Flowers. The thre» arched Leaves are yellow,
as the upright Leaves are, with purplitti Veins at
bottom. Some have both upright and arched Leaves,
of fo pale a yellow, that we may in a manner call
it a Straw color, but yellower at the bottom with
purple Veins ^ and the falling Leaves are purple,
with two purple Spots in them.

XVII. The Places. They are all Nurft up, and
grow in the Gardens of Florijls with us in Eng-
land, but grow alfo in many other Nations and
Countries, according as their feveral Titles declare j
as in Turky, Hungaria, Dalmatia, Illyria, Spain,
Portugal, France, &c.

XVIII. The Times. They flower, feme \n April,
fome in May, fome in June, and the Seed ripens
not many Weeks after.

XIX. The Vitalities. Thefe with the Turkey a-
fbregoing, and all the reft following are laid to be
of one and the fame Quality, Property and Effect ^
when green and full of Juice, they are hot and dry
almoft in the fourth Degree : but when they are
dry, they are then hot and dry in the third Degree,
and will yet in fome meafure burn the mouth and
throat of fuch as Chew them. They are Aperitive, Iii-
ciding, Digeftive, Abfterfive, and Diuretick, Stoma-
tick, Pectoral and Hyfterick,Carhartick,Emetick and
Emmenagogick.They are faid to offend theStomach,
and to caufe Blood to be voided, if given in too
great a Dofe, and to weak Perfons. Of all thefe
Plants, the firft in this Chapter is thought to be
moft effe&ual, and of the fame the Root is that
which is chiefly ufed. It is not fife to be given
to Women with Child, becaufe it forcibly brings
down the Courfes, and is apt to caufe Mifcarriage.
And when exhibited, it ought to be given with good
Correftives, as Maffick, Juice of Liquorice, Ex.
traff of Juniper Berries, & c.

XX. The Specification. It is famous in Curing
the Scurvy, Dropfie, Jaundice and Gout.

XXI. The Preparations. You may prepare there-
from, viz. from the Root, 1. A Liquid Juice.
2. An EJfence. 3. An Injufion. 4. A DecoSion. 5. A
Syrup. 6. A Pouder. 7. An Eleduary Simple.- 8. An
Eletfuary Compound. 9. An Oil, viz. Oleum lrinum.
10. A half am. II. A Cataplafm. 12. A Peffary.

I 13. A Spirituous Tinflure. 14. An AcidTmiture.
15. An Oily Tindure. 1 6. A Saline Tintlure.

The Virtues. .

XXII. The Liquid Juice. Taken from one to
three Spoonfuls ( according to Age and Strength )
mixt with a little Floney, and a Glafs of Ale or
Wine, it purges and cleanfes the Stomach of thick
and tough Flegm, and fharp Choler, which are faid
by Authors to be the caufes of Agues and Fevers.
It Cures the Jaundice and Dropfie alfo (for which
it is a famous thing) by evacuating the Humors
which caufe thofe Difeafes, both upwards and down-
wards. And becaufe it does fomewhat bite upon
the Stomach, it is not to be given without being
correffed with Honey, Spicknard, and aromatick
Spices ^ applied to the Piles, it eales them.

XXIII. The EJfence. Being taken from one, to
three or four Spoonfuls in any proper Vehicle, it
performs all the Liquid Juice can do, befides which,
it eafes the pains and torments of the Bowels, or
gripings of the Belly and Hypochoi deis, eva-
cuates Melancholy, and takes away the fhaking Fits
of Agues ^ opens obftru&ions of the Liver, Spleen,
and Womb, kills Worms in the Stomach and in-
teftines 5 expels the Stone, Gravel, Sand, or Tar-
tarous matter out of the Reins and Bladder ^ gives
eafe and reftores in Cramps, Convullious, and Pal-
fies, which come from cold and moift Humors, by
its Anodyne and healing property, whereby it warms
and comforts the parts affefted, and prevails againlt
a fimple Ghonorrhea : It provokes the Terms in
Women, and brings away both Birth and After-
Birth.

XXIV. The lnfufion in Wine. It has the Vir-
tues of the Juice and Eflence, but much inferior in
Efficacy : it prevails againft the bitings and fting-
ings of Venemous Creatures, repreftes Vapors iii
Women, and is good againft Fits of the Mother ;
It opens obftr unions of the Vifcera, and cleanfes
the Stomaclv

D d d 2 XXV. The

Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. I.

XX. V. The Decotiwn inWinc. It' it is taken to
fix Ounces, it provokes Urir.e, gives eafe in the
Colick, produces the Terms uledas an Errhine, ad-
ding to one parrot the Decoflion, three parrs of the
liquid Juice, it purges the Head admirably ot Flegm,
and tough vifeous Humors^ and bathed upon the
Hemmorrhoids or Piles, it gives much eafe and
dilcuiies them. The Decoftion made with Water
and Vinegar, and fo drank it is a remedy againlt
tire bitings of Mad Dogs and Serpents, and the
hangings of Venemous Creatures. *

XXVI. The Syrup. It has the Virtues of the
Juice, Elfence, Infufion and DecoHion, but atts
more weakly by reafon of its being fo loaded with
Sugar, and therefore may be given from one Ounce
to two Ounces or more-, but as a PeHoral and
Bechick, it is more proper, becaufe it caules a
better expectoration, cleanfing the Lungs of the
Torturous matter lodging in them. It an Ounce
of the Syrup is mixed with four Ounces of the
Decoction in Wine, and it be uled as a Gargle for
the Mouth, it eales the Toothach, cures Ulcers in
the Mouth and Throat, and abolilhes a ftinking
Breath. ,

XXVII. The Pouder. It has the Virtues of the
Juice, Effence, DecoCtion and Syrup, but a£ts not
with fo much facility and fpeed. Ufed as an Er-
rhine up the Noltrils, it purges and cleanfes the
Head of Cold, grofs and vifeous Humors, and cures
vehement and inveterate Headachs, tho of many
"Years Handing. Taken inwardly from a Scruple to
a Dram or more, according to Age and Strength,
it purges Pituitous and Watery humors out of the
Body, both by Vomit and Stool, expels the Jaun-
dice, and powerfully evacuates the Morbifick caule
of the Dropfie, Scurvy and Gout. Applied to Ul-
cers or Wounds, it cleanfes, incarnates, dries, and
heals them -, and where eating Ulcers have been,
which have made the Bone bare of Flelh, it breeds
Flelh there, covers the Bone therewith, and caufes
it fo to grow up, as to fill the hollownels of the
Ulcer again. It is alfo very good, to cleanfe, re-
folve the Callus, incarnate, fill up with Flefh, and
heal Filtula’s, old malign Ulcers and Cankers,
w hich are difficult and hard to be Cured.

XXVII l. The Eletluary Simple. Take Pouder of
Bit vo Blower del uce Roots, three Ounces : Juice of
the Roots, Clarified Honey, of each two Ounces,
mix them. Dole, from two Drams to five or more
in tlae Morning falling-, it works both upwards
and downward, and evacuates Flegm, Choler, Me-
lancholy and Watery Humors, and by that means
prevails againft the Diopfie in an efpecial manner,
as alfo againft the Jaundice, Scurvy, Green- licknels.
Kings Evil and Gout. It alfo kills Worms in
Stomach and Belly.

XXIX. The Elettuary Compound. It is thus
made. Take Bonder of the Root four Ounces : Pou-
der of Galanga , Soldanella , or Sea bindweed , two
Ounces: Ponders of Galanga and Zedoary, of each
one Ounce , Cloves and Cinnamon , of each half an
Ounce : Juice of the Roots , Clarified Honey , of each
twelve Ounces -, mix them for an Eletluary. It is
made for the Cure of the Dropfie, being taken to
half an Ounce or more every Morning falling, or
according as the ftrength of the Patient can bear
it. It works alfo upwards and downwards, cleanfe-
ing'the whole Man of all fuperfiuous Humors.

XXX. Oleum Irinum , or the Oil. I do not
mean here the Compound Oil, called Oleum Irinum
in our Pharmacopeia Londmenfis , Lib. 5. Chap. 2.
Sett. 49. for that is the Oil of the Elorentine Or-
rice Root ■, but I mean an Oil made of the Flow-
ers ‘and Roots of the Blew Elowerdeluce in this
Chapter, which is thus done. Take Roots of the

Blew Elowerdeluce three Pounds , bruife them, well :
Choice Oil Olive, Pound twelve. Juice of the Roots ,
Pound three : mix and boil them till they are Crifp,
then prefs out -, repeat the boiling with frefh Roots
in like manner, and repeat it the third time : Strain
.ill out, and add to the Oil Elowers of the Blew F'low-
erdeluce a Pound and half, mix and infolate, or
digefi in a warm Sand Furnace for fix or eight Weeks,
f ining all with a Spatula once a day after which,
drain out the clear Oil, by a gentle Exprejfion , and
keep it for ufe. It is an effectual thing to warm
and comfort feeble and weakned parts, Joints,
Nerves, Tendons, and Mufcles affliCted with Cold
and moitt Humors * foftens hard Tumors, and gives
eaie in the Gout and Sciatica : It difculfes, dif-
folves and waftes hard and Kernelly fwellings in any
part of the Body tho’ Scrophulous, or proceeding
from the Kings Evil : It foftens the hardnefs of the
Spleen and Womb:, refolves Cramps and Convul-
fions of the Nerves and Tendons, warming, com-
forting and helping their Extenlion .- The hinder
parts of the Head and Vertebrce of the Neck being
anointed therewith ^ it prevails againft Catarrhs :
and the forepart and Temples of the Head being
anointed therewith, it eafes Megrims and Pains of
the Head proceeding from a cold Caufe. And
dropt into the Ears, it helps againft pains and noife
in them -, and anointed two, three or four times a
day upon the Fundament and Hemorrhoidal Veins,
it gives prefent eafe and relief as to the Piles.

XXXI. The Balfam. It has all the Virtues of
the Oil, but is more powerful in Curing green
Wounds, old Ulcers and Filtula’s : For it power-
fully digefts, cleanfes, incarnates, dries and heals,
and raifes up Flelh after a very admirable manner
in Ulcers that are very hollow. Applied to the
Gout, it prefently gives eafe, and in a Ihort time
after Cures it j and after a lingular manner foftens
hard Tumors which happen in the ftefhy pars.

XXXII. The Cataplafm. If it is made of the green
Roots ( being beaten, and applied) it gives eafe
in the Gout and Sciatica, and in fome few applica-
tions is faid to Cure them. Another Cataplafm,
Take of the Pouder of the Root, two Ounces, Nut-
megs, Dill Seed in Pouder , of each one Ounce: Saf-
fron two Drams : Ext raft 0} Juniper Berries , e-
nough to make it into a Cataplafm. This applied
to the Scrotum or Tefticles, tho’ v ehemently Tu-
mified or fwelled by a defiuxion of Humors, gives
prefent eafe to the Pain, and in a Ihort time difeuf-
fes the Tumor. A Cataplafm of the fimple green
Root, being applied to the Face or other parts of the
Skin, as Neck, Arfns, Hands, Cfc. which are Tan-
ned or Sun burnt, or are afteUed with Scurff, Mor-
phew, black or blew Marks, or Scarrs, or other
deformities, it takes them away, and clears the
Skin : but they who ufe it had need to take heed,
that they ufe it not too ftrong, nor let it lie on too
long, but rather walh it off again with fair Water,
within two or three hours after ic is applied : But
it is better after the Root is beaten to a rulp, to tie
it up in a fine thin Linnen Cloth, and to lay it for
a day and a night in fair Water, or Damask Role
Water ^ and then with this Water, you may wet
or moiften the Skin of the Face, Neck, Brealtsand
Hands, which are deformed as aforelaid, which is
to be' applied fo long as need requires j but this
Water you mult alfo take heed of, that you ufe it
not too ltrong, &c.

XXXI II. The Pejfary. It is made either of the
folid green Root, or the Root beaten to a Mafs,
and fo made up with Honey. This being put up
into the Womb or Body, brings forth the Dead
Child, much more does ic facilitate the Birth, and
forcibly draws forth the Afterbirth.

y XXXIV. The

Chap. 28 9. Englifh 'Herbs .

XXXIV. The Spirituous TinUure. It expels
Wind and is good againft the Colick, gripings of
the. Guts, and obftruttions of the Vifcera. It pro-
vokes the Terms in Women, ftrengthens the Sto-
mach and Womb, and Corrects thofe cold and crude
Juices which breed the Scurvy, Gout, Jaundice, and
King’s Evil : Dofe, one fpoonful or two, firtt in
the Morning fading, and laft at Night, in a Glafs
of White Port Wine.

XXXV. The Acid TinUure. It ftrengthens the
Stomach, caufes a good Appetite and Digeftion,
and powerfully opens all manner of Obftru&ions
whatfoever. It Cures the Scurvy radically ; and
as it opens in a fpecial manner the Urinary Paf-
figes, fo it carries off the Morbifick Caufe of the
Dropiie by Urine : Dofe, fo much as to make the
Liquor pleafantly (harp, three, four, or more times
a day.

XXXVI. The Oily TinUure. Given to thirty or
forty Drops in a large Glafs of White Port or Lif-
bon Wine, to a Woman in Labour, it not only fla-
ttens, but facilitates the Delivery. Outwardly
anointed Morning and Night upon any parts affeff-
ed with Rheumatick Pains from a cold Caufe, or
with a Numbnefs, Trembling, Palfie, Cramps, or
Convulfion, it gives relief in a fhort time, and in
fome reafonable time afterwards a Cure. It isalfo
good againft the Itch, Tettars, Ring-worms and the
like.

XXXVII. The Saline TinUure. Its ufeis wholly
External, and is applied to Scurffs, Morphew, Le-
rofie, Sunburnings, Tannings, Freckles, Lentills,
imples, yellownefs of the Skin, and other like
defcedations thereof-, being applied Morning and
livening for fome confiderable time.

CHAP. CCLXXXIX.

Of FLOWERDELUCE
Tuberous Narrow-leav’d, Greater.

i.np H E Names. It is called in Greek , "lets <t>v-

JL r«ro<ptMAH *uv ; in Latin , Iris tuberofa

angufti folia major : in Englijh , The greater narrow-
leavd tuberous Flowerdeluce.

II. T be Kinds. There are four kinds hereof, viz.
1. Iris anguflifolia aurea Tripolitana , The Tripoli
golden or yellow narrcw-leav’d Flowerdeluce. 2.
Ins angufti folia cjtrulea major , The greater blew
narrow- leav’d. 3 . Iris anguflifolia purpurea marina ,
The Sea purple narrow-leav’d. 4. Iris anguflifolia
purpurea verficolor , The variable purple narrow-
leav’d.

III. The Defcriptions. T be firft, or Tripoli gol-
den narrow-leav’d, has a Root which is long and
blackijh , like unto the reft which follow , but greater
and fuller : from whence fpring up Leaves a Yard
long, or thereabouts, and an Inch or more broad,
of a fid green color, but not Alining. The Stalk
rifes up to be four or five Feet high, being round
and Ilrong, but not very thick, bearing at the top
two or three long and narrow Gold-yellow colored
Flowers, of the fafhion of the Bulbous Flowerde-
luces , as the next to be defcribed is, without any
Mixture or Variation therein. The Heads for Seed
are three-fquare, containing within them many flat
cornered Seeds. The Length of the Leaves of this
Plant, compared with their Breadth, makes me call

it a Narrow-leaved Elowerdeluce ^ and yet, as it is
broader than fome of the aforegoing Broad-leav’d,
and broader than any of the following Narrow •-
leav’d , the Length of them makes them feem nar-
row for which Reafon 1 thought good to let its
place be in the firtt of this Clajfis.

Flowerdeluce 'Tuberous narrow -lean d
Greater.

IV. T be fecond , or Greater blew Narrow-1 cav'd,-
has a fmall tuberous Root , blackijh and hard , fpread-
ing into many long Heads , and more clofely growing
or matting together : from which rile up Leaves
which are very long and narrow, of a whitifti green
color, but neither fo long nor fo broad as the latt,
yet broader, thicker and ttifter than any of the relt
with narrow Leaves which follow. The Stalk riles
fometimes no higher than the Leaves, and fome-
timts a little higher, bearing at its top divers Flow-
ers, fucceflively flowering one after another, and
are like unto the Flowers of the Bulbous Flowerde-
luces , but of a lighter blew color, and fometimes
deeper. After the Flowers are paft, fix cornered
Heads rife up , which open into three parts , in
which is contained almoft round brown Seed.

V. The third , or Sea purple Narrow-leav'd, has
its Root and Seed like the former : from which
fpring up many narrow hard Leaves, as long as the
laft, and of a dark green color, which fmell a lit-
tle ftrong. The Stalk bears two or three Flowers,
like the former, but fomewhat lefs, and of a dark
purple or Violet color.

VI. The fourth , or Variable purple Narrow-
leav’d, has Roots and Seed not differing from the for-
mer Sea purple. The Leaves of this are alfo like
thofe of that Sea kind , and do fmell a little ftrong,
like them. The flowers are differing, in that the
upper Leaves are wholly Purple or Violet, and the
lower Leaves have white Veins and purple, running
one among another.

VII. The Places. The Titles fhew their feveral
places of Growth, but with us they are only nurft
up in Gardens : the Sea kind is found originally in
Spain.

VIII. T be Times. They Sower in April and

May

39°

Salmon s 'Herbal .

Lib. 1.

vTI-n' , and the Seed ripens fome Months after- 1
wards. ,

IX. The Qualities , Specification, Preparations and
Virtues , are the fame with thofe of the Broad- leav'd
tuberous Flowcrdeluccs in Chap. 288. aforegoing.

CHAP. CCXC.

Of FLOWERDELUCE

Tuberous Narrow-lea v’d, Smaller.

I. '-p' 7/ E Karnes. It is called in Greeks wIf« tvu*>-
I s ivopvrrn iAiK&-n& : in Latin, Iris tuber of a
angufi folia, minor : in Englifh , 17;^ leffer narrow-
lea v\{ tuberous Flowerdeluce.

II. The Kinds. There are three feverai Species
hereof, viz. t • Inis anguflifolia minor Pannonica ,
verficolor Clufii , The Hungarian fmali variable
Flowerdeluce of Clufius. 2. Iris anguflifolia flore
duplici Ccrulea , The blew double-flowered narrow-
leav’d Flowerdeluce. 3. Iris anguflifolia alba mi-
nor Clufii , The Hungarian fmali white Flowerde-
luce.

III. The Defcriptions. The fir ft, or Hungarian
fmali Variable, has a Root which is black and fmali,
growing thicker and cloj'er together than any other ,
and flrongly f alined in the Ground, with a number
of hard fibrous Roots. It fprings up with feverai
lmall Tufts of Leaves, very long, narrow and green,
growing thick together, especially if it abides any
time in a place : among which rife up many long
round Stalks, higher than the Leaves, bearing two,
rliree or four fmali Flowers, one above another, like
the former, but imaller, and of great Beauty. The
lower Leaves are variably ftriped with white and
purple, without any Thrum or Fringe at all. The
ripper Leaves are of a fine blewifh purple or Violet
color : and of the fame color are the arched Leaves,
yet having the edges a little paler. The Heads for
Seed are imaller, and not fo cornered as others, but
contains Seed much like to them, which are alfo
fmaller.

IV. The fecond , or Blew double-flowered, differs
not in Root or Leaf from the Greater blew Narrow-
leav’d in cap. 289. fell. 4. juft aforegoing, but only
in this, that the Leaves of this grow thicker toge-
ther, and that the Flowers of this kind are as it
were double, with many Leaves confufedly let to-
gether, without any diftinH parts of a F lowerdeluce,
and of a fair blew color, with many white Veins
and Lines or Stroaks running in the Leaves. Often-
times the Stalk of Flowers has but two .or three
fmali Flowers, diftinftly fet together, rifing as it
were out of one Husk.

V. The third, or Hungarian fmali White, differs
but little from the fi/jl of this Chapter , fave, that
the Leaf is of a little paler green, and the Flower
is of a fair whitilh color, with fome purple, which
(hews it felf only at the bottom of the Leaves.

VI. The Places. The original Place of thefe is
Hungary : with us, they are only nurft up in Gar-
dens.

VII. The Times. They all flower in the Spring,
and their Seed is ripe in the Summer Months.

VIII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations
and Virtues of thefe, are the lame with thofe of the
Lroad-leav d tuberous Flowerdeluce in Chap. 288. a-

foregoing -, but thefe are not fo efficacious as thofe
be.

CHAP. CCXCI.

Of FLOWERDELUCE
Dwarf Greater.

I. 'Tv H E Names. It is called in Greek,

vdvn it) va.vuS'rn : in Latin, Chamatiris
major , Iris pumila major : in Englifh, Dwarf Flow-
erdeluce the Greater.

II. The Kinds. Of the Dwarf Flowerdeluce s
there are three principal kinds, vie. 1 . The Greater,
of which we lhall fpeak in this Chapter. 2. The
Leffer, of which we lhall difeourfe in the Chapter
following.

III. Of the Greater Dwarf kind, there are three
Species, viz. l. Cham* iris lati folia alba major , The
greater white Dwarf Flowerdeluce. 2. Chanueiris
l at if oli a purpurea major. The greater purple Dwarf
Flowerdeluce. 3. Chamairis latifolia purpurea ma-
jor altera. Another greater purple Flowerdeluce.

IV. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Greater
white Dwarf, has a Root which is fmali, according
to the Proportion of the Plant above Ground, but
made after the fafhion of the Greater kinds, with tu-
berous pieces fpreading from the fides, and flrong
Fibres or Strings, ivhercby they are fajlned in the
Ground. This Dwarf Flowerdeluce has its Leaves
as broad as fome of the Leffer kinds aforegoing, but
not Ihorter : the Stalk is very Ihort, not above fix
or feven Inches high, bearing molt commonly but
one Flower, feldom two, which are in fome of a
pure white color, in others paler, or fomewhat yel-
lowifh thro’ the whole Flower, except the yellow
Freez or Thrum in the middle of' every one of the
falling Leaves. After the Flowers are pall, come
forth great Heads, containing round pale Seed.

V. The fecond, or Greater purple Dwarf’ has no
Difference either in Root , Leaf or Form of the Flow-
er from the former Dwarf kind, but only in the Co-
lor of the Flower, which in fome Is of a very deep
purple or black Violet purple, both the Tops and the
Falls. In others the Violet purple is more lively j
and in fome the upper Leaves are blew, and the
lower Leaves purple, yet all of them have that yel-
low Freez or Thrum in the middle of the falling
Leaves, which the other kinds have.

VI. The third, or Other great purple dwarf Flow-
erdeluce, has the Flowers purple, like the former al-
moft, and may be reckoned, tor the Smallnefs and
Shortnefs of the Stalk, the very next Species to the
laft but in this the Flowers and Leaves are as
large as any of the former kinds of Flowerdeluces.

VII. The Places. Authors have faid nothing of
their native places ; but without doubt they may
grow in Greece, elfe Diof cor ides had not difcourled
of them : with us they are nurft up in Gardens.

VIII. The Times. They come up in February and
March, flower in the Spring Months, and the Seed
is ripe in Augufi.

IX. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations

and Virtues, are the fame with thole of the Common
blew Flowerdeluce in Chap. 288. aforegoing, as Do-
domfus, P erupt. 2. lib. 3. cap .3. in thefe words feems
to inculcate : Facultate autem & Viribus, bate quoque
Ins acris Cf impenfa calida eft, altifque Lridtbus fi-
milis. CHAP

«:■

Chap. 292. 'EngUJh Herbs.

391

CHAP. CCXCII.

O/FLOWERDELUCE
Dwarf Leffer.

I. 'T' H E Names. It is called in Greek , t°u

X tu*£?7t0i, it, "lets ran Sr-mr ; in Latin, bis pu-
mihx minor , Chant girts minor : in EngUJh , Dwarf
Flowerdeluce the leffer.

II. The Kinds. There are feven kinds of thefe
leffer Dwarfs, viz. 1. Cbamteiris latifolia alba mi-
nor, The leffer white broad-leav’d Dwarf Flower-
deluce. 2. Cbamteiris latifolia minor Straminea , The
leffer Straw-colored Dwarf, g. Cbamteiris latifolia
minor purpurea , The lefler purple Dwarf 4. Cba-
mteiris latifolia minor fuave rubens , The leffer blufh-
colored Dwarf 5. Cbamteiris latifolia minor lute a
verficolor , The leffer yellow variable Dwarf. 6.
Cbamteiris latifolia minor cterulea verficolor , The
leffer blew variable Dwarf 7. Cbamteiris Marina
purpurea , The purple Sea Dwarf Flowerdeluce.

III. The Defcriptions. T he Jirfl , or Leffer white
Dwarf, has a Jmall tuberous Root from which
Leaves , for the moft part fomewbat f mailer, narrow-
er and fhorter than the former, fpring forth. The
Stalk with its Flowers upon it fcarcely rifes up a-
bove the Leaves, fo that in moft of them it may ra-
ther be called a Foot-ftalk, ( fuch as the Saffron-
Flowers have) and therefore may be faid to be
inswAo^ without Stalks. The Flowers are like unto
the firft delcribed in the laft Chapter, of a whitilh
color, with a few purplilh Lines at rhe bottom of
the upper Leaves, with a Lift of Green in the fal- '
ling Leaves.

IV. The fecond, or Leffer Straw-colored Dwarf,
is in Roots, Leaves , Stalks, Flowers , and Manner
of Growing very like the laft, excepting, that the
Flowers thereof are of a pale yellow, called a Straw
color, with whitilh Stripes and Veins in the falling
Leaves, and purplilh Lines at the bottom of the
upper Leaves.

V. The third, or Leffer purple, differs not much
from the laft in its Form , Subftance and Manner of
Growing ; the chief Difference confifts tnoft/y in the
Color of the Flower, which is of a deep Violet pur-
ple, fometimes paler, and fometimes fo deep, that it
feems alntoft black : and fometimes the falling
Leaves are purplilh, and the upper Leaves blew ;
and fome of thefe have a fweet Smell, and fome
have none : alfo fome of them are of a fine pale
blew color throughout the whole Flower.

VI. The fourth, or Leffer blulh-color’d, has its
falling Leaves of a reddijh color, and the Thrums
blew : the upper and arched Leaves, of a fine pale
red, or Flelh color, called a blulh color : in all 0-
ther things it differs nothing, and fmells very little,
or not at all.

VII. The fifth, or Leffer yellow Variable, has its
falling Leaves yellowijh, with purple Lines from the
middle downwards ; fometimes of a deeper, and Jome-
times of a paler color, and white Thrums in the mid-
dle : the upper Leaves are alfo of a yellowilh color,
with purple Lines in them : fometimes the yellow
color is paler, and the Lines in both the upper and
lower Leaves of a dull or dead purple color.

VIII. The fixth, or Leffer blew Variable, has the
upper Leaves of its blower of a blewifh yellow, f pot-
ted with purple in the broad part, and at the bottom
very narrow. The falling Leaves are lpread over

with pale purplilh Lines, and a linall (hew of blew
about the brims or edges. The Thrum is yellow at
the bottom, and blewilh above. The arched Leaves
are of a blewilh white, being a little deeper on rhe
ridge : fometimes the upper Leaves are of a paler
blew, rather whitilh, with rhe yellow ; and both
thefe have no Smell at all.

IX. The fevcmh , or Purple Sea Dwarf, is like
unto the Narrow-leav’d Sea Flowerdeluce in Chap.
289. Sect. 5. aforegoing , in its Root , Leaf and Flow-
er, having no other Difference, but in the Smallnefs
and Lownefs of its Growth, being of the fame pur-
ple color with it.

X. The Places. They are only nurft up with us
in Gardens. The Sea kind have been found origi-
nally in Spain, France and other Southern Shoars.

XI. The Times. They Power in April and May,
and the Seed is ripe in July.

XII. The Qualities , Specification , Preparations
and Virtues, are the lame with the Blew Flowerde-
luce in Chap. 288. aforegoing.

CHAP. CCXCIII.

O/FLOWE R DELUCE
Grafs, or Narrow-leav’d,

I- ' I 1 H E Names. It is called in Greek, XaiuAteu

X avopvrnti : in Latin, Cbamteiris angujiifclia ,
and Iris pumila anguftifolia : in EngUJh, Narrow-
leav'd Dwarf Flowerdeluce, or Grafs Flowerdeluce.

II. The Kinds. There are two fpecial kinds
hereof, viz. 1 . Cbamteiris angulii folia major. The
greater Narrow-leav’d or Grafs Flowerdeluce. 2.
Chamairis anguftifolia minor , The leffer Narrow-
leav’d or Grals Flowerdeluce.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft , or Greater

Grafs or Narrow-leav’d, hat Roots Jmall, black and
hard, growing thick together, faftned in the Ground
with fmall blackifh hard Fibres or Strings, whin;
fcarcely Jhoot again, if the Root is removed. From
this Root fpring forth many long and narrow dark
green Leaves, nor fo ftiff as fome of the former
Smaller Dwarfs in the laft Chapter, bur pliant, ai d
bending their ends down again : from among which
rife up feveral Stalks, bearing at the top two or
three lweet Flowers, as fmall as any of them let
down before, of a reddifii purple color, with whi-
tifti yellow and purple Strakes down the middle of
the falling Leaves. The arched Leaves are of a
Horfe Flelh color all along the edges, and purple on
the ridges and tips which turn up again. Und-r
thefe appear three brown Aglets, like unto Birds
Tongues. The three upper Leaves are fmall and
narrow, of a perfe£t Purple or Violet color. The
Heads for Seed have lharper and harder cornered
edges than the former ; and the Seeds are fomething
greyifh, like thofe in the laft Chapter. a

IV. The fecond, or Leffer Grafs or Narrow-leav’d,
is in Roots, Leaves and Flowers fo like the laft de-
fcribed, that it is not to be dftinguifhed therefrom,
but only by its Smallnefs and Lownefs ; in which it
is confiderably lefs, and by which it only differs.

V. The Places, Thefe grow in feveral Southern
Climates of the World, bur are only Garden Plants
with us.

VI. The Times. They flower fometimes in April,

and

392

Salmon j-

and iometimes in May, according to the Warmth or
Coldnefs of the Seaton. ^ ^ 7

VII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations ana
Virtues, are the fame with thole of the Blew ilow-
crdeluce in Chap. 288. aforegoing, to which you are
referred.

C H A P. CCXCIV.

Of FLOWERDELUCE Wild,

0 R,

Stinking GLADWIN.

. Herbal Lib. I.

deluce, but that they are fharp-edged on both hides,
and thicker in the middle, ot a deeper greed color,
narrower, lharper-pointed, and of a ltrong ill Scent,
if they are bruifed between the Fingers. In the
middle riles up a pretty flrong Stalk , three Feet
high at leaft, bearing three or four Flowers at the
top, made fomewhat like the Flowers of the Iris or
f lowerdeluce, with three upright Leaves, of a dead
purplilh Alh color, having home Veins difcolored in
them ; tho’ other three do not fall down, nor are
the other three fmull ones fo arched, nor do they
cover the lower Leaves as thofe of the Garden f hw-
erdcluce do, but Hand loofe or afunder from them.
The Flowers being paft, there come up hard Cods
or Husks, three-fquare , opening wide into three
parts when they are ripe ; in which are contained
reddilh Seed, which being perfectly ripe and dry,
become black.

I 'T' H E Karnes. It is called in Greek, %
1 ‘lot rnM, i,iyw. in Latin, Xyns Ins a-
ureflis Spatula , or Spathuld Etetida, (for Spatha is
faken iosGladium, a'sword :) in Engl, A Gladwl
Gladden , Gladwin, and Slinking Gladden and Stmk-

'] 1 'file Kinds'. It is the laft kind of the Elower-
deluce, being the Wild fort and a fin®lar Spec®,
called by the Arabians, Caforas, by Theophrajlus ,
•y, Zyeu, Ins agria, and is the Gladiolus T rag, ;
but fo called by a Miftake, unlels he had faid Gla-
diolus Eat idles.

Flowerdeluce Wild, or
ft clxiolt

III. The Defcription. The Root, while it is
young, is but J mall , and full of Strings, but being
crown older, it grows greater, and in form like unto
a Flowerdeluce Root, but reddifh without, and whi-
,,(h within, very Jharp ani hot w Safe, and of as
Yu a Smell as the Leaves. From this Root rife up
leveral Leaves, very like thofe ot an Ins or flower

IV. The Places. It grows in up-land Grounds,
as well as in moilt places, in Woods and (hadowy
Groves, a? alfo by the Sea fide in many places of
this Land ; and it is alfo nurftup in many Countries
in Gardens.

V. The Times. It flowers not until July, and
fometimes in AuguJI, and the Seed is ripe in Au-
guft or September ; yet the Husks, after they are
ripe, and do open themfelves, will hold their Seeds
within them tor two or three Months, and not fhed
them.

VI. The Vitalities. The Root is chiefly ufed, and
it is hot and dry in the third Degree : it is Aperi-
tive, Abfterfive and Altringent ; Hyfterick, rcar-
mick, Emmenagogick and Cathartick.

VII. The Specification. It is peculiarly effeftual
againft the Strangury, Obtlmction of the Courfes,
and Kings-evil.

VIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. A Juice of the Roots. 1. An EJJence. 3.

A Decoilion in IVine. 4. An Infufion in Ale or
Wine. A Vinegar. 6. A Ponder of the Root.

7. A Ponder of the Seed. 8. A Cataplafm. y. A
Juice of the Leaves. 10. A Pejfary.

The Virtues.

IX. The Juice of the Root. It purges Choler and
Flegm, both upwards and downwards in weak Sto-
machs and ill Habits of Body, cleanfing thofe Parts
very well. Snuffed up the Nofe, it caufeth Sneez-
ing, and clears the Head from much vifeous Water,
Flegm and Pufs. Rubbed upon places troubled
with the Itch, it is faid to cure it.

X. The Effence. It has the Virtues of the liquid
Juice, but more powerful ; and given inwardly two
or three Spoonfuls in a Glafs of White Lisbon Wine,
it provokes the Terms in Women 5 but it ought not
to be given to fuch as are with Child, for tear of
caufing Abortion or Mifcarriage.

XI. The DecoUion in Wine. It purges Choler
and Flegm, as the Juice and Effence do, provokes
the Terms, and has all the other Properties, but o-
perates much more weakly, and therefore is more
fit for the weaker Conftitutions. It is good for fuch
as are troubled with Cramps or Convulfions, Gout,
Sciatica, and the like; and gives eale to fuch ajare
troubled with the Colick, Griping ot the Guts, EUc.

XII. The Infufion in White Port Wine or Ale. It
has the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but works
much more weakly. It is good againft Gripings of
the Bowels, Colick, Strangury, and all forts of Ob-
firuffions of Urine, occafioned from Sand, Gravel,
tartarous Matter obftruUing the Reins and Blad-
der.

XIII. T he Vinegar. Taken to four or fix Ounces

or

Chap. 295. ‘Engtijh 'Herhs.

393

or more, it is gently Emetick, and cures Agues, Fe-
vers, Spleen, &c.

XIV. The Ponder of the Root. Snuffed up the
Noftrils, it is a very good Errhine to purge the
Head and Brain of cold, moift and pituitous Hu-
mors, drawing them from thence in great quanti-
ties. Taken inwardly to one Dram in White Port
or Lisbon Wine, it helps fuch as are troubled with
Cramps and Convulfions, Gouts, Sciatica’s, griping
Tains in the Belly, Strangury, Heat, Pain and Stop-
page of Urine. It is given with much profit to fuch
as have had long Fluxes thro’ the Acrimony of ill
Humors, which it flays, after it has firft purged and
cleanied the Bowels.

XV. The Ponder of the Seed. Given from half
a Dram to a Dram in White Port Wine, it helps
the Strangury , and caules them to Pifs prefently,
which before could not. If it is taken with Vine-
gar, it dilfolves the Hardnefs and Swelling of the
Spleen, and prevails againft Hypochondriack Melan-
choly.

XVI. T he CatapUfm. If it is made up into a
Pultife with Greet Centory Root, Honey and Verdi-
grife, and applied, it is good againft all Wounds of
the Head, and draws forth Splinters, Thorns, bro-
ken Bones, or any other thing flicking in the Flelh,
and that without pain. If the Root is made into
a Cataplafm by boiling in Vinegar, and be laid up-
on any Tumor or Swelling, it very effeftually dif-
folves or confumes it, yea even thofe Tumors of
the Neck and Throat called the King’s Evil.

XVII. The Juice of the Leaves. It is good a-
guinft Scabs, Itch, Tettars, Ringworms, Scurf,
Morphew, Tanning, Sunburning, Yellownefs of the
Skin, Leprofie, and other like deformities there-
of.

XVIII. The PeJJary. Being made of the Root,
or of the Juice and Pouder of the Root; and put up
into the Womb, it brings down the Terms in Wo-
men where they have been long ftopt ; but you
mull have a care that it be not ufed to a Woman
with Child, becaule it may caufe Abortion.

CHAP. CCXCV.

Of F L U E L I N,

0 R,

Female SPEED W ELL.

J, cp HE Names. It is called in Greek 'Exotot.-
J_ by the Arabians, Athin : in Latin , Elatine ,
Veronica , FI emina, fucbfii , Matthioli , Camerarii ,
Dodomei Lobelii, Loniceri : in E/tgliJh, fluellin , or
E emale Speedwell.

II. The Kinds. It is one of the forts of Speed-
well, and the female Species thereof, of which
there are thefe three following kinds, viz. 1. Ela-
tine folio fubrotundo , Veronica ftemina folio fubro-
tundo. Round leaved Fluellin. 2. Elatine five Ve-
ronica Ftemina folio accuminato , Fluellin with corner’d
Leaves. 3. Elatine fweVeronica ftemina fore cceru-
leo folioiiue accuminato , Cornered Fluellin with Blew
Flowers.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft , or round leav’d
Fluellin, has a Root which is fmall and Thready, dy-
ing every Tear ,' and rafes it felf again of its own
Sowing. From whence Ihoot forth many long

Branches, partly lying upon the Ground, and part-
ly Handing upright, let with almclt round Leaves;
yet a little pointed at the ends, and lbmetimes more
long than round, without order thereon, beingfome-
what hoary, and of an ill greenilh white color. At
the joints all along the Stalks, and with the Leaves,
come forth fmall Flowers, one at a place, upon a
very fmall Footftalk, gaping fomething like thofe
of Snapdragon, or rather F/axweed, whofe upper
jaw is of a yellow color, and the lower of a pur-
plilh, with a fmall heel or fpur behind, as the Li-
naria has. The Flowers being gone, fmall round
Heads come forth, which contain fmall black
Seed.

Fluellin round Leav'd.

IV. The fecond, or Cornered leaved Fluellin, has
a Root which is fmall and Thready like the other ,
perifhing every Tear-, from which comes forth
longer Branches, wholly trailing upon the Ground
two of three Feet in length, and lbmetimes more
fully, fometimes more thinly fet with Leaves theie-
on, upon fmall or fhort footflalks, which are a lit-
tle larger, and fomewhat round, and cut in or
cornered for the moll part on the edges in fome
places : But the lower end or bottom of them, be-
ing the broadeft part of the Leaf, has on each fide
a fmall produftion, making it feem as if they
were Ears, a little hairy withall, but not hoary,
and of a better green color than the former- The
Flowers come forth at the Joints with the Leaves,
upon little long Footflalks ; every one by it felf
one above another, in form very like unto the other,
but the Colors therein are more white than yellow,
and the purple is not fo fair. It is a larger Flow-
er, and fo is the Seed, and Seed Veflels.

V. The third, or Cornered Fluellin with blew
Flowers, has a Root which is fmall and thready, ta-
king hold of the upper furface of the Earth, where
it fpreads it felf-, from whence rife Stalks or
Branches, with Leaves thereon which differ but
little from the laft, but that the Leaves are not fo
much cornered about the edges, and lefs pointed

E e e alfo.

394

Salmons Herbal.

Lib. I.

alio, at the toot or lowett part of them : The Flow- I
ers are almolt all Blew, with home fmall matter ot
White in them, which being paft away, fmall pou-
ches or Seed VelTels fucceed, not unlike the for-
mer.

Fiucllcti tvit h cornered lecuiet

VI. T he Places. They grow upon Banks and
Borders of Fields, in Sandy Grounds and Woods
almolt every where; as alfo in Cornfields, and in
Borders about them, and in other fertile Grounds,
as about Souli'fleet in Kent, in great abundance; at
Buckworth alfo, hamcrton and Ricbwerfworth, in
Huntingtonfhire , and in feveral other places, both
there and ellewhere.

VII. The Times. They all flower about May,
June and July , and the whole Plant is Withered
by the beginning of September.

VIII. The Qualities, Tluellin is Temperate in
relpeft to heat or coldnefs, drynefs or moifture .-
is Cleanfing, Aftringent, Incarnative, Vulnerary,
Stomatick, Hepatick, Alexipharmick and Reite-
rative.

IX. The Specification. It flops Fluxes of all
forts, whether of the Blood or Humors, whether
of the Bowels, or defluxions upon. any part; it
heals alfo old Ulcers, eating Cankers, Pocky erup-
tions and the like.

X. Vie Preparations. You may prepare from
this Herb, I. ALiquid Juice. 2. An EJJence. 3. A
Deco Q ion in Water or Wine. 4. ji Balfam. 5. A
Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

XI. The Liquid Juice. Given to three or four
Spoonfuls at a time Morning and Evening in a
Glafs of Red Port Wine, it flops defluxions fiom
the Head, alfo other defluxions upon any particu-
lar part, all fluxes of Blood or Humors, as a Di-
arrhoea, Dyfenteria, Lienteria, Hepatick Flux, and
the overflowing of the Courfes in Women.

XII. The Ejfence. It has all the former Virtues,
but more efficacious : It flops all forts of Bleeding,
whether at the Nofe, or Spitting, Vomitting or
Pilling of Blood ; alfo fluxes of Blood from any
other parts, caufed by the cutting or breaking of a
Vein-, and is a Angular good thing againtt Contu-
lions whether inward or outward, firengthening and
confolidating the parts which are hurt; and it is no
lefs effeftnal being ufed Dietetically to cleanfe, dry,
and heal old Ulcers which are foul, fretting and
eating; and outwardly being applied to dry, con-
glutinate and heal any fimple green Wound. It is
of Angular ufe againft the Trench Pox, and all fret-
ting and eating Cankers proceeding from the fame;
fo that l'carcely any other Vegetable comes up to the
height of its excellency in this Cafe. Pena gives
a relation of one whofe Nofe was almolt confumed
with an eating Canker (Tfuppofe proceeding from
the Trench Pox ) which was by the Phyflcians order
to have been cut off, to preferve the reft of his
Face and Body, now ready to fall into a [ Pocky ]
Leprofte ; a Ample Barber being in Company, and
hearing of -it, defiled that he might firlt make tryal
of an Herb which he had feen his Mafter ufe in
like Cafe ; ft was granted, and he ufed only the
Juice and Decoftion of this Herb, giving of them
inwardly, and applied the Herb outwardly : By

. this only means he recovered the Patient, and not
only Cured the \_Pocky ] eating Ulcer of his Nofe,
but alfo the [Poofy] Scabbinefs or Leprofie of his
whole Body, which he was now fallen into ; and
by this alone means became perfeflly well.

XIII. The Becottion in Wine or Water. It has
all the Virtues of the Juice and Eflence, but lefs
efficacious, and therefore ought to be given in tre-
ble or quadruple quantity, two or three times a
day.

XIV. The Balfam. It is no ways inferior to any
Balfam made of any of the Vulnerary Herbs ; it
digefts, cleanfes, incarnates, dries, and heals old
Ulcers, putrid, fretting and eating Sores, and Cures
at once or twice drefhng any Ample green Wound,
in what part of the Body fo ever.

XV. The Cataplafm. It is made of the green
Herb, bruifed and mixed with Burly Flower ; being
applied to watering Eyes, occaAoned by defluxions
from the Heads, where there is Heat and Inflamma-
tion withal, it very much helps them, and flops all
other Defluxions of Humors, upon any other part
whatfoever, wherethere is Pain, Diflocation, Weak-
nefs, Wound, orUlcer, -&c.

XVI. An

Chap. 296. 'Englijh ‘Herbs,

39 5

XVI. An Obfervalton. The notable ufeofthis
Plant in curing fome inveterate, malign, and almolt
fuppofed incurable Difeafes, as is before hinted-,
makes me believe, that not only this Herb, but ma-
ny other fimple Herbs have been ufed by the 1 ind-
ents, in curing many deplorable infirmities, of
Which we have at this day no particular account ;
by which it appears that they preferred Simples
before Compounds : And were we now, but as in-
dultrious in the inveftigation of the Virtues and
Powers of Herbs, as thofeof Ancient times were,
and made but as many tryalsof them as they did ;
1 doubt not but we might be as happy in our pur-
iiiit of the lame as they were, and do greater things
with even fimple Medicaments, than even the
Learned profefs to do with their molt pompous
Compounds. But of this enough.

CHAP. CCXCVI.

Of F L I E STONES,

0 R,

FLIE ORCHIS, or Bee Flower.

I. '-1-' H E Names. It is called in Greek “°ix<

X t5< nvvtt, *5 "Ow, ixiiiixi), ig ; in Latin,

Orchis mufearia : and in Englijh Ely Stones, Ely Or-
chis, and Bee E/ower.

II. The Kinds. There are Four kinds hereof, viz.
t. Orchis Hermaphroditica Candida , The White
Butterfly Orchis. 2. Orchis Me/ittias, five apifera.
Bee Orchis, or Bee Flower. 3. Orchis Sphegodes,
Gnat Orchis, or Gnat Satyrion. 4, Orchis Myodes,
Fly Orchis, or Fly Stones.

III. The Defcriptions. The JirJI, or- White But-
terfly, has a Root taking part of both Orchis and
Palma Chrijli, being not altogether round, nor fully
handed , from whence it took the Name Hermaphro-
ditica, Vo fgnifie hath Kinds. The Leaves are two
in number, ieldom more, being fair and broad, like
unto the Leaves of Lillies, without any Spot at all
in them. At the Top of the Stalk Hands many
White Flowers, not fo thick fet as the Pa/mata,
and every one of them being lhaped like unto a
White Butterfly, with the Wings fpread abroad,
with a fpur behind it full of a honyed Liquor.

IV. The fecond, or Bee Orchis or Stones, has
Roots which are two together, round and white, ha-
ving a certain Mucilaginity or Clamminefs within
them, without any tafte almoft at all , as all or mofl
part ’of thefe Kinds have. This is a fmall and low
Plant for the moll part, with three or four linall
Leaves at the bottom. The Stalk is feldom above
fix Inches high, with four or five Flowers thereon,
one above another, having round Bodies, and fome-
what fiat, of a kind of yellowilh color, with purple
Wings above them, fo like unto an Hony Bee, that
it might foon deceive one who had never feen fuch
a Flower before.

V. The third, or Gnat Orchis or Stones, has
Roots which are two round Bulbs or Tubers, like as
the Others are. The Leaves of this Plant are fome-
what larger than of the Beefiower. The Stalk al-'
fo is fomewhat higher. The Flowers are fewer on
the Top, but fomewhat larger than of the former,
or Bee Orchis, and fhaped to the refemblance of a
Gnat, or great long Fly.

VI. The fourth, or fly Orchis or Fly Stones, is
in its Root and Leaf like to-lhe lajl dej'eribed, the
difference is chiefly in its E/ower , which is neither
fo long as the Gnat Orchis, nor fo great as rite
Bee Orchis ; bur the lower paft of the Fly is black,
with a lift of Alhcolor croihng the Back, with a
Ihew of Legs hanging at it. The natural Fly Teems
ro be fo in love with it, that you (hall feldom come
in the heat of the day, but you (hall find one fif-
ing thereon.

VII. The Places. All thefe grow in many places
of England , fome in Woods, as the Butterfiy, others
on dry Banks and barren Places in Kent,, and fe-
veral other Shires.

VIII. The Times. They Flower for the molt
part in the beginning or middle of May, feldom
later.

IX. The Vitalities, Specification, Preparations,
and Virtues , are the fame with thofe of the Cyno-
forchis or Dog-ftones in Chap. 226. aforegoing, fo
that we fhall fay no more thereof in this place.

CHAP. CCLXXXXVII.

Of FOOLSTONES.

I. 'T* HE Names. It is called in ”0?#* wd : in
X Latin Orchis mOrio , Orchis morionis , TV-
fticulM morionis : in Englijh Eool-Jlones.

iL The Kinds. There are many Kinds hereof,
as, i. Orchis viorio mas foliis maculatis, The greater
.Male Fool-ftones. 2. Orchis morio altera maculata ,
Other Fool-ftone9 with fpotted Leaves; 5. Orchis
morio mas foliis non maculofis , Male Fool- {tones not
fpotted. 4. Orchis ?norio feemina , Female Fool-ftones.
5. Orchis morio minor folii tnaculatis , fmall fool
-{tones with fpotted Leaves. 6. Orchis Antbropopho -
ra oreades mas. The Male Neopolitan Fool-ltones.

E e e 2 IIL Th<g

396

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. L

III. The Defcriptions. The JirJf , or greater Male
Fool-Hones, has a double round Tuberous Root like
a fair of Man's Jlones, from whence rife up five
or fix broad and fmooth long Leaves , like to thofe of
Lillies , having black Spots on their upper fides.
The Stalk alfo has fome thereon, which compafs
it at bottom, but fmaller : The Flowers grow in a
Spike, which are fmall and purple, each oi them
having an open hood, or helmet higheft, with two
fmall Leaves like Ears, Handing upright at thefides
of them ; the Belly which is lowell is whiter, ha-
ving on the backfide a crooked heel or Horn. The
whole Flower is Sweet, and very pleafant to be-
hold.

IV. Tbefecond,or Other Fool-ftones with fpotted
Leaves, has teflicles like the other , but notfo large ,
nor fo round, from which fpring up five, fix, or more
Leaves, not altogether Jo large as the former, but
lying on the Ground, andfpotteiin the fame manner,
lut Jomewhat rounder pointed. The Stalk of this
grows bigger than the other ; and the Flowers are
not unlike the fame for the form, but of a more
blewifli purple color, with a fpur behind.

V. The third, or Male Fool-ftones not fpotted,
has a pair of Teflicles like thofe beforegoing, from
whence fpring up a Stalk and Leaves which are large ,
and very like the lift, but not fpotted. The Flow-
ers are either of a deeper, or of a paler purple
lor, or fomewhat Blufli, or altogether White. The
Belly which hangs down, is: fometimes fpotted with
purple Spots, and fometimes it has none, more
elpecially in thefe Flowers which are all White.

VI. The fourth, or FemaleFool-ftones, has a dou-
ble Tefticulous Root, from whence f firing up fix or
/even Leaves, which are leffer and narrower than
thofe of the Male kind, and Ribbed almoft like unto
Ribwort Plant ane, lying on the Ground, and fome
of them lifting themfelves up higher, encompaf-
ling the Stalk, which is (horter than thofe of the
Male fort. The Flowers at top of the Stalk,
have gaping or open hoods like the former, but
the Ears on each fide Hand not upright, but lie
fo clofe thereon, that they are hardly difeerned,
with a heel behind them as the others have. This
is either of a dark Violet purple color, the middle
part whiter and fpotted, or of a pale Red, whofe
Stalk is (hotter, and Leaves leffer, or elfe of a fear-
let Red -, the fcarlet Head being thick and (hort, and
the Flowers fmaller.

VII. The fifth, or Small Fool-ftones with fpot-
ted Leaves, has a double Tefticulous Root like the
others, from whence fpring up two or three fmall,
long fpotted Leaves, with a Stalk in the middle of
them, which they feem to encompafs, thofe up
higher being much fmaller than they. The Flow-
ers are purple, fpotted, and very finely ftriped.

VIII. The fixth, wMale Neapolitan Fool-ftones,
has a pair of Teflicles which are round, but much
longer than the other kinds , from which fpring up
fix, feven or more Leaves, the length of ones Hand,
and an Inch broad, of a pale frejh green Color,
waved about the edges, and at their bottoms cncom-
pajfing the Stalk. The Stalk is about a Foot high,
more or lefs, and at its top has a fpiked bufh of
Flowers, which are Red before they open, and of a
fair blulh color being blown. They are in form
like to the others before the hood or helmet opens ;
having fmall Leaves like Ears on the fides, with
fhort Arms as it were hanging down by the Body,
the lower parts of which are furniiht as it were
wirh Thighs and Legs, the Feet being cut off :
From this form of the Flowers being fo much in
the (hape of a Man, came the Name Anthropo-
phora.

IX. Of this 1 aft fort there is alfo a Female kind.

which has a like Root and Stalk , five that it is high-
er. The Leaves are larger but not broader than the
laft, fpread on the Ground, with fome fmaller on
the Stalk. The fpike of Flowers is not fo great,
nor fo thick -, but the Flower it felf is like the laft
in (hape, but of a pale color, fpotted very thick,
as fmall as Sand, having the hood greenifh with
purple edges.

X. The P laces. The firft five grow for the moll
part in Fields, and by Wood fides in many places
of England-, but the two laft are Natives of Italy:
however they are all of them nurft up here with us
in Gardens.

XI. The Times. The all flower in May , as the
reft of the Orchides do.

XII. The Qualities , Specification, Preparations ,
aniVirtues , are the fame with thole of Cynof orchis
or Dog-ftones in Chap. 226. aforegoing, to which
we (hall refer you.

CHAP. CCXCVIH.

Of FOX STONES.

T

H E Names. This Plant is called in Greek
'°e^f 2s£5«Trccf, in Latin Orchis Serapias, , Te-
fticulus Vulpinus , and in Enghjh Fi?* Stones.

II. T he Kinds. There are many forts of Fox
Stones , as I. Orchis Serapias Bifolia latijjima , The
greateft Twablade Fox Stones. 2. Orchis Serapias
latifolia altera , Hungarian Twablade Fox Stones.
3. Orchis Sphegodes major , The great Bumble Bee
Orchis or Fox Stones. 4. Orchis Myodes major ,
The greater Flefh Fly Flower. $. Orchis Batrachi -
tes, Frog Orchis or Frog Flower. 6. Orchis A-
rachnitis , The Spider Flower. 7. Orchis P/ycodes
Herbacei colons , The green Butterfly Orchis. 8. Or-
chis Qrnithophora folio maculofo , The White or Pur-
ple Birds Flower. 9. Orchis Macropbyllos Column
Long Leav’d Fox Stones of Columna. There are
many other Kinds of Fox Stones , but thefe are the
chief.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft , or Greateft
Twablade Fox Stones, has Roots or Teflicles which
are great and fomewhat long , like unto longijh Tur-
nepSj from whence two very large Leaves only fpring
up, not much lefs than thofe of the White Hellebor ,
with feveral Veins running through them, green on
the upper fide and paler underneath , but Alining
withal •, the Stalk riles to be a Foot and half high,
five fquare, with a few Leaves or Skins thereon,
doling it as it were about the Flowers grow in a
fpiked Head, like unto others, but great and large,
being either Purple, fpotted with White, or wholly
White.

IV. The fecondpr Hungarian Twablade Fox Stones,
this in its Roots , Stalks , Leaves , and Flower , is ve-
ry like the former, but fomewhat lower,- and letter,
both in Leaves, Stalks, and Flowers, the which are
fometimes both Purple and fpotted, and fometimes
White, as the former is.

V- The third , or Great Bumble Bee Orchis or
Fox Stones. This has Ted icles lefs than the former ,
and rounder , from whence fpring Jive or fix long nar-
row Leaves , Ribbed , like Ribwort Plantane, yet a
little lefs ■, the Stalk is about Nine or Ten Inches
high, bearing five or fix Flowers at the head thereof,
the form of which is fomewhat like to a Bumble
Bee , or Drone Bee , as it is commonly called , ha-
ving

VI. The fourth, w Greater Flefh Fly Fox Stones,
hat Tefiicles like the other Kinds , from whence
fpring up three or four fomewhat broad and long
fmooth green Leaves next the Ground ; the Stalk
riles about five or fix Inches high, with a few large
Flowers fet at top, refembling a great Flelh Fly,
made of four Leaves, three above, and one long one
below.

VII. The fifth, or Frog Orchis, or Fox Stones, has
a pair of Tefiicles large , and fomething long , with a
String or Strings at the bottom part thereof ; from
this Root fpring two or more broad and fhort Leaves
below, but narrower and longer as they grow up
higher on the Stalk , at the top of which grow fe-
veral yellowifh Flowers, refembling the Bodies of
Frogs, with the Head and fore parts greenilh, from
whence it took the Appellation.

VIII. Johnfon on Gerard gives us another of the
Frog Kind, which he calls Serapias Bat rachitis al-
tera, or another Frog Orchis -, this has a Root Jhaped
between the Orchis rotunda and Palmata , it grows
to the height of the former, with fhort Leaves encom-
pajfing the Stalk at their fet ting on -, the Flowers
grow on a Spiked Head, and refemble a Frogs with
their long Leaves * but if you look upon them in a-
nother manner, they will then fomething refemble
little Flies, for which reafon Lobe l calls it as well
My odes as Batrachites .

IX. The Jixth, or Spider Flower, has for its Root
a pair of round Tefiicles , from whence fprings forth
a Stalk much about the height of the Frog Orchis -,
upon which grow fix, eight or more Leaves, being
more in number than grow upon the Stalk of the
Frog kind, they are alfo narrower and longer. At
the top of the Stalk come forth three or four Flow-
ers, refembling a Spider in the round Belly, and
the fmali Neck or partition, between it and the
top Wings.

XI. The eighth, or White or Purple Birds Flower,
has a large pair of round Tefiicles, but a little point-
ed at Bottom -, from whence fpring up four, fix or
more Leaves, which are fomething large, and for the
tnofi part Checquered or Spotted ( for there is much
diverfity herein-, fome having broad, large and
pointed:, others narrower, lelfer, and rounder point-
ed Leaves : ) there are feveral other Leaves which
grow upon the Stalk, which feem to enclofe or em-
brace it ; being long, fpotted alfo and fharp point-
ed. The Flowers grow towards the top of the
Stalk, Spike fafhion ; which are large, and like the
laft, with a Spur alfo behind them; fome of them
are all White, others are'Purple, and Ibme between
both, of a purplilh White.

XII. The ninth, or Long leav’d Fox-ftones, has
ufiudly but one found Tefiicle ( the other as it may
feem, being decayed and gone ) with fome Fibres
both at head, and on the fides , which is not ufual in
any of the other Orchides. From this Root riles
up a Stalk about three Feet high, having two very
long Leaves at bottom, but of an unequal length ;
thofe which grow next on the Stalk are much long-
er, fome being a Foot and half long, and very nar-
row -, but thofe up higher are Ihorter and broader.
At the top of the Stalk grow the Flowers fpike fa-
fhion for a Foot in length, each of which ftands like
a crofs hollow Pipe, having a broad and long beard
thereat, of a fine blulh Color, with a more purplilh
Leaf like a Tongue, hanging down, broad above,
and fmali below.

Salmons

Wood Limit, feme in City Grounds, ioroe in f •eittk
fields other feme in Barren places, dry and bandy
Soils,’ and l'ome of them in a low, humid or morlt

k*XIV The l imes. Thefe all Flower from almoft
the middle of April, until the end ot May.

XV. The Qualities, Specification , Pi eparattons
and Virtues of thefe Fox-ftones, fee in Chap. 226.
before pall, thefe having the fame pr^MS with
rwnhfftrr.his or Doe-ftones there treated or.

CHAP. CCLXXXXIX.

Of FOXGLOVE Garden,

0 R,

FOX FINGER, Garden.

Herbal. Lib. I.

Flowers are alfo confiderably fmaller than the f ield
Port, and of a bluih color.

VI. The third, or Orange Tawney, has a fibrous
Root, which per iflies always after bearing Seed, which
is ufually the feconi Tear of its J fringing up. 1 Pis
Fox-clove is none of the Greatell kinds, nor yet is
it any of the Smallelt, but a Medium between both.
Its Leaves are in lome Proportion correfpondent to
the Lejfer yellow, but not To large as the Letter
white. ‘ The Flowers are long and narrow, almolt as
large as the lalt White, but nothing fo large as the
hrll White, and of a fair yellowilh brown color, as
if the yellow was over-lhadowed with a reddilh
color, and is that we ufually call an Orange- tawney
color’. The Seed of this is very like the former.

VII. The fourth, or Greater White Fox-Glove,
is in Root , Stall:, Leaves, flowers , and Seed, as al-
fo in the manner of growing, fo like to the Common
Field Kind, that it can fcarcely be difttnguijhed from
it except in the frefher greennefs and largenefs of
the Leaves-, the Flowers are as large as thofe of the
Paid Common Kind, but they differ in Color, for as
thofe are Purple, thefe ate wholly White, without
any ipot in them , in the Seed and all other things

I -T'HE Karnes. This Plant was wholly un-
l known to the Ancient Greeks and Latins,
fo far as we know, for which reafon it hasno.Grert
Name, nor yet any Latin Name but what is very
Modern and noval. Some of the hitter Writers
toe called it Digitalis, which is the molt common
Name, and firlt fo called as feme think by Fuchjtus-
others call it Alcima, and Damafontum ; i ragus calls
it Campanula Syheftris : Dalechampws upon Pliny,
thinks it to be Viola Calatbinna Plmn in Engltjh it
is called Fox Glove, and fox finger ; alfo Finger

11 Tb The Kinds. There are two general kinds,
vie. 1. Digitalis Horlenjis, Digitalis Saliva, .Garden
Fox Glove, of which we treat (God willing) m
this Chapter. 2. Digitalis Sylveft ns Digitalis a-
erettis Digitalis vulgaris. Common Field Fox Glove,
or Finger Wort, of which in the next Chapter.

111. Of the Garden kind there are feyen (proper-
ly but fix) feverul Species, vis. 1. p«‘talu max‘-
la Yerruginea, Dun or Kult colored Fox-glove, or
Finger-wort. 2. Digitalis mayor Jhre cameo, Blufh-
colored Fox-glove. 3. Tig, tales medta M' J*"

rubente , Orange-tawney Fox-glove. 4-

major alba. The greater white Fox-glove. ;. Di-
gitalis minor alba. The lelTer white Fox-glove. 6.
Digitalis major lutea flore ample. The great yellow
Fox-glove. 7. Digitalis minor lutea pallia. The
fmall pale yellow Fox-glove.

IV. The Defcriptions. Thefirft, or Dun or Ruft
colored Fox-glove, has a Root which is fibrous or
tinney (like that of the Common or Field kind)
which does ufually perifh , or feliom out- live Us gi-
ving Seed. From this Root fpring up Leaves which
are long and large, of a greyilh green color, finely
cut or dented about the edges. Among which
comes up a tali ltrong Stalk, which, when it is full
grown, and witli ripe Seed thereon, has been found
to be (even Feet at leaft in height ^ on which grow
almoft an innumerable company ( refpefling the
great abundance) of Flowers, nothing fo large as
the Common or field kind, and of a brown or yel-
lowilh dun color, with a long Lip at every Flower.
They being palled away, then comes the Seed,
much like the Common kind, but in fmaller Heads.

V T/j efecond, or Bluih -colored, has Roots, Stalks ,
Leaves and f lowers, much like to the Common Field
kind but all lefs. The Leaves ate reafonable large,
but not full out fo large as the Common. The

they agree. . .... .

VIII. The fifth, or LelTer White, has a fibrous
Root, enduring as the others do, the Leaves are like
unto the lafi deferibed, but not altogether fo long or
large, and of a darker green Color -, the Stalk grows
not fo high, not being full three Feet ; the Flowers
are pure white, falhioned like unto the former, but
not fo great or large, in all other things alike; the
Seed is alfo like the former.

IX. The fixth, or Greater \ellow, hat a Root
which is greater at the Head, and more Woody than
any of the reft, with many fmaller Fibres , Spreading
them fe Ives in the Ground, and abides almoft as well
as our Common Purple Kind; the Leaves of this
are in form fomewhat like unto the Common Kind,
but not altogether fo large ; the Stalk grows to be
three or four Feet high, on which grow many long,
hollow pendulous Flowers, in lhape like unto the
Common field Purple , but fomewhat (hotter, and
more large and open at the brims, of a fair yellow
Color, in which are long Threads, as in the o-

*1 The Seventh, or Small pale Yellow, has a
Root which is f ibrous, or Stringy, but durable , and
feliom Pcrijhes with the batdjhip of the ext? eti??iejf
froft ; it has fomewhat fhort, broad, fmooth, and
dark green Leaves, l'nipt or dented about the edges
very finely; the Stalk is two Feet high, befetwith
i'uch like Leaves, but lelTer ; the Flowers are mote
in number than in any of the reft, except the firft
and greatell, and grow along the upper part of the
Stalk, being long and hollow, like the other, but
very lmall, and of a pale yellow Color, almoft
white.

XI. The P laces. All thefe, except the fourth, or
Greater White , are Strangers to us, but are all of
them cherifhed in our Gardens; the laid Greater
White Kind has been often found growing wild in
many places of England, and generally among , or
hard by the Common field Purple Kind in the next

Chapter. „ . , . , _

XII. The Times. They flower in June and Ju-

ly, and iome in Auguft, the Seed becoming ripe
quickly after. . .

XIII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations
and Virtues, are the time with the Common field
purple kind in Chap. 300. next following, to which

1 you are referred.

CHAP,

Chap. 300. "Englijh Herbs.

399

CHAP, CCC.

Of FOX GLOVE Common,
or Field.

0 R,

FINGER- WORT Wild or Ordinary.

I, Names. It has no Greek Name as a-

X foiefaid ; nor any ancient Latin Name, as
buing unknown to any of the ancient Greeks or
Latins : But our modern Authors have called it
Digitalis ; which we render in Englijh , Fox Glove,
or Fox Finger , or Finger Wort.

II. The Kinds. This is the fecond Species, be-
ing the common ordinary, or Field kind. Ccefalpi-
nvs calls it Virgil Regia major Acre purpureo, alio
Alifma itADamafomum , and Fifiula Pafioris. Tra-
gus calls it Campanula Sylveftris fiore purpureo.
Columna thinks it to be the Ephemercm of Dio/cori-
des. And Dalechampius upon Pliny will have it to
be Viola Calathiana Plinii , as is faid before in the
former Chapter ; but it is generally called Digitalis
purpurea Vulgaris, Common purple Fox Glove.

Ill . The Defcription. Its Root conjifls of many
fmall, husky Fibres, and [onto greater Strings among
them ; from whence Jpring up many long and broad
Leaves, lying upon the Ground, dented about the
edges, a little foft or Woolly, and of a kind of a
Ivory green color : Among which rife up feveral
Stalks fometimes, and very often but one, bearing
Inch Leaves thereon from the bottom to the middle;
from whence to the top it is replenilhed with large,
arid long, hollow, reddilh purple Flowers, a little
more long and eminent at the lower Edge, with
fome white Spots within them, one above another

and with dome ftnall green Leaves at every one -
but all of them turning their Heads one way, and’
hanging downwards, having fome Threads alfo in
the middle ; from whence rife round Heads, point-
ed (harp at the ends, which contain within them
Imall brown Seed. The Flower has no fmell, but
the Leaves have a bitter hot tafte.

IV ■ The Places. It grows in dry Sandy Ground
for rhe mod part, and as well on (he higher as
lower places, under hedge fides, almoft in every
County of this Kingdom. There is alfo a White Wild
fort, deferibed in the former Chapter at Self. VII,
which does grow naturally about Landjda/e and
Craven, in a Field called Cragge Cloje in the North
of England ; alfo by Colchefler in Effex ; and near
Exeter in the Weft of England, and in feveral 0-
ther places : Yet this Wild White kind is alfo nurft
up in Gardens, as in the former Chapter we have
declared.

V. The Times. They Flower and Flourifh in
June and July , but feldom before July ; and the
Seed is Ripe in Augitfi.

VI. The Qualities. Fox Glove is hot and dry at
leaft in the fecond Degree, Sulphureous and Saline ;
Aperitive, Abftetfive, Allringent, Digeftive and
Vulnerary ; Petloral, Hepatick and Arthritick; Erne*
tick, Cathartick, and Analeptick.

VII. The Specification. It Cures Confumptions,
King’s Evil , Green-Gcknefs and Falling-iicknefs;
alfo Wounds, old Sores and running Ulcers.

VIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. A Liquid Juice. 2. An Ejfence. 7. A Sy-
rup. 4. A Decolfion or lnfufton. f, An Ointment or
Balfam. 6. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

IX. The Liquid Juice. It purges and cleanfes
the Lungs, Stomach and Bowels; but ought to be
given not in too great a quantity, becaufe of its vio-
lent Operation. It may be given from three Spoon-
fuls to Six, in Mead or White Port Wine, accord-
ing to Age and Strength ; it works ftrongly both
upwards and downwards, and prevails againft the
Scurvy, Droplie, Jaundice, Gout, and Khumatifm ;
and is found by experience to be an excellent tiling
againft the King’s Evil. Outwardly applied, it
heals any frefh or green Wound , the Leaves being
bruifed and applied thereto alfo. It is frequently
nfed in old and putrid Sores to cleanfe them, dry
up their moifture, and caufe a Ipeedy healing.

X. The Ejfence. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice, and more excellent for the lame purpofes and
intentions ; befides which it ratifies or attenuates
thick tough Flegm, and vifeous Humors, affecting
the Lungs, Brelt and Stomach : It cleanfes and
purges the Body both upwards and downwards
freeing it both from Vifeous and Watery humors ■
It opens ObltruUions of Liver, Spleen,' Gall and
Womb, and refills thofeDifeafes occasioned thereby.
And by late Experience, it has been found effebluai
againft the Falling-ficknefs, for that divers have
been abfolutely Cured thereby. Dofe from two to
fix Spoonfuls or more, according to Age and Strength
in the Morning falling, to be given in any proper
Vehicle.

XI. The Syrup, or Rob of the Juice of the Herb
and Flowers made with Honey. It is a Specifick
which tranfcends all other Vegetable Medicaments
for the Cure of Confumptions; cleanfing and heal-
ing after an admirable manner Ulcers of the Lungs.
It opens the Obftru£lionsof all the Vifcera, cleanfes,
carries off, or expels the recrements of the Humors’
by which means the daily Nutriment may be con-
veyed

4,oo Salmon J‘

\eyed to all the Parts of the Body. It may be gi-
ven Morning and Night, four or five Spoonfuls at
a time, according to Age and Strength : fame ad-
Vife three Spoonfuls to be given ii^the Morning
fading in Mead, as much at Ten in the Morning,
three Spoonfuls at Four in the Afternoon, and lalt-
ly, as much at going to Bed. This Medicine has
rcftored (where the Patient has not been palt Lure;
bevond all ExpeUation. It cutes a Phthilick or Ul-
ceration of the Lungs, when all other Medicines
have failed, and the Sick efteemed palt Cute. It
opens the Bteft and Lungs, frees them from tough
Fle-'m, cleanfes the Ulcer, and heals it, when all
other Remedies aU without Effea. 1 have known
it do Wonders, and fpeak here from a long Experi-
ence. Perfons in deep Confumpnons, and given o-
ver by all Phyficians, have by the Ufe of this Syrup
or Rob been 'ftrangely recovered, and fo pertettly
reltored as to grow fat again. I commend it as a
Secret, and it ought to be kept as a Treafure. Thele
few Lines concerning this Medicament alone are
worth ten times the Price of the whole Book. 1
am very confident of it, the deplorable walled Pa-
tient, who has been long languilhing iipan inveterate
and tedious Conluniption, or a Phthilis, if they
make ufe hereof, will give me Thanks for this No-
tice, whiLlt they may have Reafon enough to Curie
even the Memories of Quacking Blood-fuckers, If-
fue-makers, and Blifter-drawers, who, as they may
have pofiibly drained them of a fair part of their
Eftate and Treafutes, would, by a Continuance un-
der their Hands, (for all their fpecious Methods ol
Cure) have fooll'd them out of their Lives too.
But here is to be noted, That this Syrup ought
chiefly or only to be made of the Flowers.

XII. T be Infufton or DecoSion. They have the
Virtues of the Juice, ElTence and Syrup, but much
lels efficacious, and therefore are to he given in a
larger Dofe. They powerfully open Obftru&ions
of the Vifcera ; and may be given Dietetically in
the Cure of Confumptions, Kings-evil, Ulcers, Fi-
ftula’s, 6SV.

XIII. The Ointment or Ralfam . The Ointment

is laid to be one of the belt Remedies for a fcabby
Head that is : it is alfo good again!! Pimples Ter-
ms Ringworms, Scurfi, Morphew, or other Scab-
binefs and Breakings out in any Part of the Body.
The Balfam is an excellent Vulnerary, curing hm-
ple Wounds at once or twice dreffing : it alfo di-
gefts, cleanfes, incarnates, dries and heals old and
putrid Ulcers, fretting and eating Sores, and fuch
as proceed from the Kings-evil.

XIV. The Cataplafm. The Flowers being ltampt
together with frelh Butter orHogs-Lard, and fo
made into a Pultife, and applied to any Part afte-
Ued with the Kings-evil, it has been found by ma-
nifold Experience to be very available for the Cure
of that Difeafe. If the Flowers cannot be had, you
may ufe the Leaves in like manner, ot make them
into an Ointment with Hogs-Lard and Beef-Suet ;
this will work the fame, tho’ not altogether fo
powerfully as that made with the Flowers.

XV. The difeuffive Cataplafm. Take fox-glove
flowers, or Leaver, if the f lowers are not to be had,
a pound. Oat-meal a pint ; bod the Oat-meal f oft in
a /efficient quantity of running Water, then add the
fox-glove, and boil to a Confidence. This applied
warm Morning and Evening to a Contufion in a
Womans Leg, where the Tumor made it four times
as big as the found Leg, being alfo in great An-
guifh, and lull of Pain ; it eafed the Pain, difeuf-
fed the Tumor, and in a little time did the Cure;
but afterwards a ftrengthening Cerecloth was ap-
plied, to perfeU it.

Herbal. Lib. L

CHAP. CCCI.

Of FOXTAIL,

0 R,

FOXTAIL-GRASS.

1. *Tp H E Karnes. It is called in Greek , ’Aaootjcs-

X ?©- : in Latin , Alopecuros , Cauda vulpi ■s •,
Lugdunenfis calls it Gramen tomentofum Alopecuros
vera Flinii and T heophrafti : in Englijh , Foxtail-
grafs.

II. The Kinds. Authors make three feveral forts
hereof, i. Stelephuros Flinii, Gra-

ven Alopecuros vera Flinii , Alopecuros genuina ,
and genuina Thcophrafti , The true Foxtail-grafs.

2. Alopecuros Dodonai , Alopecuros altera Anglica
C? Flandrica , Another Foxtail-grafs Englifh and Fle-
mifh, fo called by Lobel, becaufe he lound it both
in England and Flanders. 3. Alopecuros maxima
Anglica Lobelii , The greateft Englifh Foxtail-
grafs.

True Foxtail-Grafs.

III. The Defections. The fir ft, or True Fox-

tail-grafs, has a J'mall Root made of a few Fibres ,
which perijhes every Tear. This Root fends up two
or three, or more, foft hoary Stalks, about a Foot
high, with final!, long and narrow foft Leaves on
them, as hoary as the Stalks ^ on which ftand loft,
woolly or hoary Heads, fomewhat long and round,
befet round with foft Hairs, of a pale ftraw color,
refembling a Foxes Tail, from whence it took its
Name. , .

IV. T he fecond, or Other Foxtail-grafs, has much
alike fibrous Root , with Stalks and Leaves much like
to the former , faving, that they are longer, the
Stalks growing higher. The Heads a'lfo are fhorter

Chap. 302. Unglifb Herbs. zpi

and rounder, and nothing fo woolly or hoary as the
other are.

V. The third , or Greateft Englifh Foxtail-grafs,
has a fibrous Root , from whence Spring up Stalks a-
bout half a Yard or two Feet high , having fometimes
fair large Leaves, like unto Wheat , but larger. Let
at the Joints, and bearing at their tops great, large,
full, foft and woolly Heads, like the firft, but that
they are much greater and longer, and this is, whe-
ther the Stalk is higher or lower.

VI. The Places. The firft grows naturally in fe-
veral places about Montpelier ; but we have it in
our Gardens only for Curiofity. The fecond Lobe/
found growing Wild in both England and Flanders.
The third Lobe/ found in the Weft of England , be-
tween Portfmouth and the Ifle of Wight.

VII. The Times. They flourilh with their Heads
in June, July and Auguji.

VIII. As to their Qualities, &c. this is faid by
Authors, That no Medical Property or Virtue has
been found in any of them ; but they are many
times ufed to be worn as an Ornament or Toy on
Womens Hats, Hair, or Heads.

CHAP. CCCII.

Of FROG-BIT,

0 R,

Smalleft Water LILLY.

1/ I 'T E Names. It is called in Greek, Nu«««!«

X : in Latin , Morfus Ranee , and Nym-

pbaa minima , and alba minima ; in Englifh , Frog-
bit, and Smalleft Water Lilly ,

II, The Kinds. , It is a lingular Plant, and the
very leaft of the White Water Lillies. Some would
have it to be one of the Kinds of Ponivieed, but it
is no fuch thing, but of the Kind of Water Lil-
lies.

thofe Strings, fpring forth feveral fmall round
Leaves, thick and full of Juice, very like to the
Leffer White Water Lilly , but much lelfer, or the
Leaves of Wall Pennywort : from among which rile
other Stalks, bearing on each Head one fmall white
Flower, confifting of three fmall and round pointed
Leaves, with a certain yellow Thrum or Threads in
the middle. This in all its parts more nearly re-
fembles the Leffer White Water Lilly than any Pond-
weed, of which fome have made it a Species.

IV. The Places. Gerard fays it is found floating
or fwimming almoft in every Ditch, Pond, Pool, or
Handing Water, in all the Ditches about St. George’s
Fields , and in the Ditches by the Thames fide near
Lambeth Marjh, and in ten thoufand other places of
this Land.

V. The Times. It fiourilhes and flowers the moft
part of all the Year , but it commonly begins to
flower in May, and fo continues on for fome
Months , and the Seed is ripening in the mean Sea-
fon.

VI. The Qualities. It is cold and moift in the
fecond Degree , Anodyne , Relaxive and Arthri-
tick.

VII. The Specification. It is peculiar againft An-
thonies-fire. Inflammations, and the Gout in a hot
Conllitution of Body.

VIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. A liquid Juice. 2. An Ejfence. 3. An
Ointment. 4. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues ;

IX. The liquid Juice. It is very cooling, and a-
bates Inflammations. Bathed upon an Eryfipelas,

Fff and

402 Salmons Herbal. Lib. I.

a U wet Clottisdipt in the liime, it takes away the
'.Sharpnefs and Heat thereof and in a little time
cares it. It is alfo good againft (harp Humors
Ire .king out in the Head, and prevails againft Scab-
binds, Scurf!, Morphew, Pimples, Sun-burning,
Tanning, Yellownefs of the Skin, and other like
Deformities.

X. The Effence. It lias all the Virtues of the li-
quid Juice; belides which, it may be given inward-
Iv two or three Spoonfuls at a time in a Glafs of
Wine and Water againft any malign or burning Fe-
ver. The Whey or Poflet-drink made by turning
Milk with it, has the fame EfieEh This Effence
bathed upon the Head, for an extream Head-ach,
ariling from a hot Caufe, gives Relief, and by con-
tinuing the Ule thereof for fome time, effe&s the'
Cure.

XI. The Ointment. Being anointed upon any
Part afflifled with vehement Pain, from a violent
hot Caufe, it eafes it. It alfo allays Inflammations
in any Part of the Body -, and anointed upon the
Back-bone, it eafes the Pain, tho’ never fo extream.

I have applied it to Parts extreamly affe&ed with
the Gout, and it has given prefent eafe, and in a
Ihort time after abated the Tumor.

XII. The Ciitciplafm. Applied to any Ample and
recent Bruife, it difeufles the Tumor, hinders the
Afflux of Humors to the Part, and in a little time
after cures it : alfo applied to any old and running
lllcer, and bound ro alfo above the Ulcer, it hin-
ders the Defluxion, clean fes and dries, and in a great
meafure contributes to its healing. It alfo gives
prefent Relief in the Gout, being duly .applied
Morning and Evening for fome confiderable time.
Applied to the Forehead, it hinders Defluxions up-
on the Eyes, and eafes the Megrim, and other Pains
of the Head.

not fully fo high as the Leaves, which are nothing
fo (harp in Talte as thofe of Aron or Wake Robin ,
and do always fpring up in the end of Autumn , a-
biding green all the Winter. After the Husk or
Flower is pall, and the green Leaves withered and
gone, which' will be in the Summer, then the Ber-
ries do appear on the tops of the Stalks, green at
the firlt, and of a yellowilh red when they are ripe,
which abide until the Frofts caufe them to wither
and the green Leaves begin again to appear.

CHAP. CCCIII.

Of FRIERS C O W L E,

OR ,

WAKE ROBIN Hooded.

I.f~rA H E Karnes. It is called in Greek , 'Aeiraesv,

X : in Latin, Arif arum, Arif ar is, and

Arts : in Englifb , Friers Cow/e, Hooded Aron, or
Hooded Cue koe point, or Wake Robin.

II. The Kinds. It is of the Family or Stock of
the Arons, and is twofold, viz. i. Arif arum lati-
fqlium. Broad- leav’d Friers Cowle. 2. Arif arum
longifolium, vel angujhfolium, Long-leav’d or Nar-
row-leav’d Friers Cowle. Dalechampius upon Pliny
calls the Latifolium, Calhe alterum genus Plinii but
'Tragus thinks it to be rather the Arum DiofcorP
dis, which is indeed a Miitake.

III. The Defcriptious. The firft, or Broad-
leav’d, hits a Root which is fomewhat round and
white, and is encreafed moftly by Ojf-fets. It grows
in all things like unto the Aron, having divers fair
green Leaves, whofe middle Rib on the upper fide,
as alfo fome other of the Veins, are fometimes white,
and fomewhat thicker and rounder-pointed than thofe
of Aron. The middle Stalk bearing the Flower
( which is a crooked or bending Hole at the top,
with a fmall crooked whitilh Peftle in the middle,
riling out of it) is fpotted with red Spots, and rifes

IV. The fecond, or Narrow-leav’d, has a Root
which is round and white, fmaller than the former,
and encreajing by Offfets, tho * not in fo plentiful a
manner . The Leaves of this Plant are very long ,

and

Chap. 204. 'Englijh 'Herbs.

4° 3

and very narrow , not rifing fo high as the former ,
but Ait her lying on the Ground. It feldom bears a-
ny Fruit or Hole •, but when it does, it is whitifh,
l iiiili and long, with a very long and fmall reddifh
Peftle in the middle, like unto a long Worm, fcarce
rifing above the Ground -, and the Berries which fol-
low are white, and not red.

V. The Places. Thefe Plants are Natives of Ita-
ly, and are found elpecially in Tufcany , about Rome,
and in Dalmatia , us Anguillara fays : they alfo grow
in Spain and Portugal : but in England they are on-
ly nurft up in Gardens , where they thrive very
well.

VI. The Times. They both fhoot forth their
green Leaves in Autumn , prefently after the firft
have pulled down the Stalks with the Fruit, and a-
bide green all the Winter, withering in Summer,
before which their Husks appear.

VII. The Qualities , Specification , Preparations
and Virtues , are the fame with thofe of the Dragons
or Dragon-worts in Chap. 229. aforegoing, fo that
we need fay no more thereof here.

CHAP. CCCIV.

Of FUMITORY Common.

I. 'T' H E Names. It is called in Greek , K aw os, $
1 vjarvtov, Fumulm, y&irvtTH^ quafi, Fttmus, Va-
por, Nidor ; from whence the Latins called it, F u-
maria and Fumus Terra : in Englijh , Fumitory and
Fumiterry. The Arabians call it, Scheiteregi. This
Herb being of a whitifh blew color, as Smoak is,
it appears to thofe who behold it at a diftance, as
if the Earth was all in a Fume or Smoak ^ and from
hence ( as it is fiippofed ) came the Name.

II. The Kinds. There are three principal kinds
hereof, ( if the laft fort may be accounted a .kind
thereof-) viz. 1. Fumaria Anglic a, Englifh Fumito-
ry, of which in this Chapter. 2. Fumaria Indica ,
vel Virginiana, American or Virginian Fumitory, of
which in the next Chapter. 3. Fumaria bulbofa vel
tuber of a. Radix cava. Hollow-root, of which in its
place.

III. Of Our Englijh Fumitory, there are thefe fol-
lowing Species, viz. 1. Fumaria vulgaris, Capnos
vulgaris Lobe hi, Fumaria purpurea , Common or
Purple Fumitory. 2. Fumaria tenui folia, Fumaria mi-
nor, The fine-leav’d, or lelTer Fumitory. 3. Fuma-
ria latifolia alba, Ef alba claviculata, Capnos Lobelii ,
Fumaria altera Dodonxi, Capnos phragmites Gefneri,
Corydalis, Ef Corydalion aliorum. White broad-leav’d
Fumitory, or Climbing Fumitory. 4. Fumaria lu-
tea, Ef lutea Montana Lobelii, Fumaria Condalis
Matthioli, Fumaria Montana Gefneri Ef Taber nmon-
tani, Corydalis Anguillara EJ Camerarii, Split vul-
go Cafalpini , Split Ulyrica , Ef herb a Sclavonic a ali-
orum, Yellow or Mountain Fumitory.

Common Purple Fumitory.

IV. TheDercriptions. Thefii-ft , or Common pur-
pie Fumitory, has a Root which is yellow, finally and
not very tong, full of Juice white it is green, hat
quickly perifhmg after it has given ripe Seed. This
Plant is a tender iappy Herb, having Stalks which
are fquare, flender and weak, with many little
Knots or Joints, from whence many Branches fpring
forth, two or three Feet long, leaning downwards
on all fides, fo that they fcarcely grow up from the
Ground, without propping, but for the mod part
grow fidelong. The Leaves grow from the Branch-
es upon long Foot-ftalks, which are tender and brit-
tle, and are finely cut or jagged, fomewhat like to
thofe of Coriander, being of a whitifh, or rather
blewifli Sea green color. At the tops of the
Branches ftand many fmall Flowers, as it were, in a
long Spike, one above another, as it were, in Clu-
tters, made like little Birds, of a reddilh purplifh
color, with white Bellies : after which come fmall
round Husks, containing fmall blackifh Seed. Note,
F ff 2 Tliac

4°4

Salmon s ‘Herbal. Lib. 1.

That in the Corn-fields of Cornwall this bears white
flowers. And Johnfon upon Gerard fays, That it
is fometimes found with purple Violet- colored
Flowers. There is alfo a Broader-leaved of this
kind , not differing from the former Defcription.
See the firft Figure in this Chapter.

Points : after which come fmall Seed, contained in
fmall broad Husks or Cods.

'FumUznj
narranrUfift

V. The fecond , or Fine-lea v’d Fumitory, has a
Root fmall and white , but like the former •, from
.whence faring forth Stalks or Branches , not fo long
as the firf, but (landing more upright^ being fender
and fquare. The lower Leaves are very like to
thofe of the other fumitory , and of the fame color,
but fmaller ^ but thofe which grow above upon the
Stalk are fmaller, and finer cut in •, and the higher,
the finer and fmaller, the higheft being as fmall as
fennel , or Southernwood , or Camomil Leaves. The
flowers grow in the fame manner which the other
do, but rather in greater plenty, or more together,
of a deeper reddifh purple, mixed with white and
yellow } which being pa fled away, Husks or Cods
fucceed, containing the Seed, which is much like
that of the Common or Purple kind.

VI. The third, or White Broad-lea v’d, has a Root
tchich is fmall and long , white, and growing deep in-
to the Ground , abiding all the Winter, and footing
forth new Branches ( after the old are perifhed ) e-
vcry Tear. From this Root rife up final! (lender
Stalks, not ftrong enough toTuftain themfelves, but
catching hold by certain Tendrels which it fends
forth at the ends of the fmaller Branches of any
thing which Rands nigh unto it, whether Hedges,
Shrubs or large ftrong Herbs, it climbs up, and
fpreads it lelf out many ways, with feveral Stalks
of fmall Leaves, let two or three, or more together,
not dented or divided on the edges at all, but (harp-
pointed at their ends, of a blewifh green Qolor, ve-
vv like unto the Common fumitory. At the tops
likewife of the fmall Branches come forth many
fmall whitifh Flowers, tipt with blufh, fet together,
but nothing like the former, made like fmall, long,
hollow Husks or Bell-Rowers, ending in fix fmall

^umitori/j/clloTV .

VII. T he fourth or Yellow ot Mountain Fumi-
tory, 'hat a Root which is compojed of many white,
fender, long Fibres or Strings , bufhtng thick toge-
ther, which perifhes not as the Roots of the Common
Fumitory do, but abides many Tears , Jhooting forth
new Stalks every Seafon, after the old ones are pe-
ri f he d. This Te/lnu kind grows like the other Fa-

mitories ,

Chap. 304. ‘EngUjh ‘Herbs. 405

mnories, about a Foot and half high, with many
Leaves, like unto the Common purple kind , or like
r , thole of Comorin bulbofa, or Radix cava, or Hol-
low-root, but limiter, and of the fame blewifh green
color with them. The Flowers are yellow, and in
feme places white, and grow at the tops of the
Branches, like the other, inform of little Birds, as
M.mbwlm lets them forth, both by his Defcription
and Figure : but Label and Lugdunenfis fay they are
Star-fafhion, like unto the Chehdonium minus , or
File-wort , and yet both of them give Matthiolus
his Figure, with the Flowers of Common Fumitory,
like little Birds, and not 'Star-fafhion, like thofe of
File-wort. After the Flowers are paft, fmall Horns
come forth, or long Pods or Cods, like to theC6e-
lidoniujn mains or Radix cava, but teller 5 in which
are contained fmall, whitilh green Seed, fomewhat
round and hattilh.

VIII. T be P laces. The firft grows as well in
Corn-fields, almoft every where, as in Gardens alfo ;
and that with white Flowers in the Corn-fields in
Cornwall : it grows in Barley- fields, and among ci-
ther Grain ; alfo in Vineyards, and other manured
places. The fecond grows in many places in Spam,
and about Mompelier , and other places of France.
The third grows by Hedge-fides, and among Bulhes
in feveral places of Brabant in the Low Countries ,
and about Frontignana and Montpelier in France
it is found about Naples with a yellow Flower, as
fome report : and Gerard fays tllele lecond and
third kinds grow Wild in a Corn-field between
Cbarleton and Greenwich ; and very probably may
be found in feveral other parts of this Kingdom.
The fourth grows in hilly and mountainous places
in Italy, as on the Hills of Apulia and Calabria, in
the Kingdom of Naples, and in Illyria, and feveral
other places : but with us it grows in Gardens.

IX. The Times. The firft three flower from the
beginning of May, and continue flowering thro’ all
the Summer Months ; and their Seed ripens in the
tnean Seafon. But the fourth or Yellow kind begins
to flower much later, viz. not till Atiguft, and its
Seed ripens quickly after. This is alfo to be noted,
That if you would gather Fumitory to dry or diftil,
it ought to be done whilft it is in flowering, and
alfo in the prime of that time.

X. The Qualities. Fumitory is cold and dry in

the firft Degree ; Aperitive, Abfterfive, Cofmetick
and Diuretick ; Pe&oial, Hepatick, Splenetick and
Nephritick a little Cathartick and Alexiphar-
mick. •

XI. The Specification. It is Angular agamtt all
forts of Scabs, Itch, Wheals, Pimples, Pufhes,
Scurff, Morphew, Tettars, Ringworms, Herpes and
other Deflations of the Skin, arifing from fait
and ilurp Humors. It provokes Urine, helps the
Strangury, and opens all Obftruftions of the Vif-
cera.

XIL The Preparations. You may have there-
from, I. A liquid Juice. 2. An EJJence. 3. A
Syrup. 4. A DecoSion in Water or Wine. 5. A
Fonder of the dried Herb. 6. A Gllyrmm. 7. A
Cataplafm. 8. A diftil/ed Water. 9. A Spirituous
Tinlture , 10. An Acid Tinllure. II. A Saline

TinUure. 12. A F oilier of the Seed.

The Virtues.

XIII. The liquid Juice. It opens, cleanfes and
ftrengthens, being taken four or five Spoonfuls at a
time in the Morning tailing, mixt with a Glafs of
White Pott Wine. It purges a little downwards,
but more efpecially if mixed with an Infiifion of
Sent in Wine. It opens all Obltruclions of the

Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Reins and Womb -, puri-
fies the Blood from fait, cholerick or vifcous Hu-
mors, which are the caufe of Pimples, Wheals,
Pufhes, Tettars, Ringworms, Scurff, Morphew,
Scabs, Itch, Leprofv, and the like Breakings out.
After purging, it ftrengthens all/the Vifcera, not
leaving any evil Quality behind it.

XIV. The Effenee. It has all the former Virtues,
but more efficacious, and is accounted a moll fafe
Remedy againft all the Difeafes arifing from the a-
forefaid Humors, as alfo from adult Choler and
Melancholy, or from Obltruclions, which are the
caufe of cholerick and putrid Fevers, the Jaundice,
Strangury or Stoppage of Urine thro’ Gravel, Sand
or vifcous Matter, all which it expels in abundance.
Dofe five or fix Spoonfuls in White Wine or clari-
fied Whey.

XV. The Syrup. Whether made of the Juice or
green Herb, has all the Virtues of the Juice and Ef-
fence, but is weaker in Operation, and therefore
ought to be given mixt with a fufficienc quantity of
Syrup of Damask Rtfes, or Syrup of Peach Blof-
foms, or TinUure of Sena, &c. fo given, ic not on-
ly opens all ObftruQions, but is very effeUual a-
gainft the Jaundice, Dropfy and Gout ; and is a
moll Angular thing againft Hypochondriack Melan-
choly in any Perfon whatfoever.

XVI. The Dcco'dion in Water or Wine. It has
the Virtues of all the former Preparations, bur is
much weaker, and may be given in a Morning faff-
ing to fix or eight Ounces. If the Stomach is cold
and weak, the DecoHion ought to be made in Wine.
It is an excellent thing againft the Strangury, whe-
ther in Old or Young, and effeUually cleanfes the
Reins and Urinary Parts.

XVII. The Fouder of the dried Herb. A Dram
of it being mixed with half a Dram of the Pouder
of Efula Root, and given in five or fix Spoonfuls of
the Effenee or Juice, caufes Vomiting and cleanfes
the Stomach and Bowels, both upwards and down-
wards, of cold, vifcous and tough Humors ; and
effeOually carries off watery Humors from all Parts
of the Body ; and has been found very effeUual a-
gainll the Droply, Scurvy, Jaundice, Gout and
Rheumatifm : but becaufe this Medicine ftirs up
much Wind, it may be good to correU it with a
few drops of Oil of Anife or Fennel Seed, or with
the Pouder of the fame.

XVIII. The Collyrium. Take of the Juice or
Effenee of Fumitory three Ounces, dijiilled Water of
Fumitory , Honey, of each one Ounce, mix them. It
is an excellent thing againft fore, inflamed, running
and watery Eyes. A fore Mouth and Throat alfo
being gargled therewith, it heals them. Dropt in-
to the Eyes, it dears the Sight, and takes away the
Rednefs and other Defefts in them. If the Juice is
mixed in equal parts with Juice of Sharp-pointed
Docks and Wine Vinegar, and a contaminated Skin
be wafhed therewith, it cures it of all forts of Scabs;
Itch, Wheals, Pimples, Pufhes, Scurff, Morphew,
life.- whether in the Face or Hands, or in any other
Part ef the Body.

XIX. The Cataplafm. It is an excellent thing
being applied to Ample and recent ContuAons, dil-
cuffing the Tumor, and hindering a farther Afflux
of Humors to the Part : and being applied to any
Defcedation of the Skin, it cleanfes it, removes iq
and quickly cutes the fame. Applied to the Gout
in Hands or Feet, it eafes the Pain, and hinders the
farther Afflux of Humors to the Part.

XX. The dijiilled Water. It has the Virtues of
the Juice, OY. but very much weaker, and may be
ufed as a Vehiculum, to convey any of the other
Preparations in, down into the Body. Tragus fays
it conduces much againft the Plague, being taken

with

4°6

Salmon j‘ Herbal.

Lib. 1.

vith good Venice Treacle, driving forth the Malig-
nitv by Sweat. If the diftllled Water be thus good
in "this Cale, doubtlefs the Effence muft much
tranfcend it. .

XXL The Spirituous TinBure. It is good againtt
the Plague or Peftilence, as alfo againlt all malign
and Pcftilential Fevers, as Spotted Fever, Purples,
t alenture, fS'c. and is an excellent thing againtt the
Colick and Griping of the Guts, whether in Young
or Old. Dofe two or three Drams in Canary or o-
ther fit Vehicle.

XXII. The Acid TinBure. It is an excellent
Antifcntbutick, good againtt Vapors, Fits of the
Mother, Hypochondriack Melancholy, and all thole
lair and (harp Humors which caufe fiery Eruptions
in the Skin. It correfts Crudities, ftrengthens the
Stomach, caufes a good Appetite and a ltrong Di-
geftion. It is to be given in all the Patient drinks,
whether Ale, Beer or Wine, fo many drops at a
time as may give the Liquor a grateful or plealant
Acidity ; and lb to be continued for fome time.

XXIII. The Saline TinBure. It cures Scabs,
Itch, Pimples, Scurff, Morphew, Leprofy, and o-
ther like Breakings out in the Skin, only by bathing
or well wattling the Parts aftefled therewith, as hot
as can be conveniently endured, and continuing the
Lotion for fome confiderable time.

XXIV. The Ponder of the Seed. It is ftronger
than the Pouder of the Herb , and is prevalent a-
guinft the Droply, being given daily with about ten
or twelve Grains of Scammony ill Pouder : but the
fimple Pouder of the Seed being given to a Dram
at a time for a Month together, every Morning
fatting, and lalt at Night going to Bed, ( in any fit
V ehicle ) it is faid to cure fuch as are Melancholy :
I believe, being given in an Infufion of Sena , it may
do Wonders of that kind.

Stalk, which fpreads it felf out into feveral winged
Leaves, two fet together at a Joint, and varioully
divided, and fo finally, that they almoft refemble
Juniper Leaves, of a blewilh green color. The
Flowers have feveral colors in them, but fuppofed
of fome to be but white : and the whole Plant is
almoft without either Tafte or Smell.

CHAP. CCCV.

Of FUMITORY American.

I '-r-'ifE Karnes. It is called \n Greek, Kambr

J 'I ■ in Latin , Fumaria Indica , Fumaria
Americana : in Englijh, American Fumitory.

IX. The Kinds. It is the fecond general Species
of Fumitory, and contains the two following kinds,
vie. i . Fumaria filiquofa Americana , Fumaria fem-
per virens Americana, Indian or American Fumitory
Codded. 2. Fumaria tuberofa Americana , Indian
or American tuberous Fumitory.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Codded In-
dian, has a Root which is thick and fibrous, from
whence rifes up a Stalk to be about a Foot high or
more : the I. caves are like the Common purple kind
in the former Chapter , but larger , and enduring
green all the Winter. The Flowers grow Spike-
talhion on to the top of the Stalk, formed like to
thole of the Radix cava or Hollow-root , whofe Bel-
lies ate Bluih, and Mouths of a Gold color or paler
yellow ; which being palfed away, long Pods or
Cods come forth, which are almoft round, and in
which is contained the Seed, which is round, flat-
tifh and yellowifh.

IV. The fecond, or Tuberous American, has a
Root which confijls of two folti round parts, like
Teftic/esi with Jeveral fmall fibres Springing there-
from, as well from their tops as ftdes and bottoms.
From between thefe Tubers or Teftides rifes up a

V. The Places. The firft grows in Virginia and
the back-parts thereof, called Canada I found it
alfo in feveral parts of South Carolina. The lecond
grows in America, in the Southern Provinces of Ca-
rolina, in the up-land Country towards the Moun-
tains.

VI. The Times. They flower from May during
moft of the Summer Months, and the Seed ripens
l in the mean Seafon.

VII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and
Virtues, are the fame with the Common purple Fu-
mitory in the former Chapter, to which I refer you
but this is to be noted. That of thefe American
kinds, the firft is by much the more powerful ; and
as the whole Plant of this firft American fort is
much bitterer than the firft or Common purple kind
in the former Chapter, or indeed than any of the
other forts there deferibed, fo it is alfo by much the
more effeftual.

CHAP. CCCVI.

Of FUSS-BALLS,

0 R,

PUCK - FISTS.

I. H E Names. It is called in Greek, j l.

X warai vii< jabtli xj Ovpia, pi. ipupa-m yfitm : in
Latin, Caput, pL Capita Terra, Tuber, pi. Tubera

Terras.

Chap. 307. 'Englijb Herbs.

4°7

Terra, Fungus Ovatus , Pezica Plinii , Crepi-

tus : in Englif b, Eufs-balls , and Puck-fifts , and fz/?-
'W/r, taken from the German Word, Fz/?, quodCre-
j'itiim figmficat.

II. The Kinds. This is a Angular Plant of the
kind, and differs from the Earth-balls in Chap. 238.
aforegoing very much * for they have a folid Sub-
stance or Pulp i whereas thefe are fluffed with no-
thing but Duft.

III. The ’ Defcription. They are round. Balls ,
growing in the Ground , without any Appearance of
Root or Stem , and are of fever al fizes , fome of the
Bignefs of a Ball or Balloon , fome as big as a large
Cannon Shot , zz young Child’s Head, more or lefs -,
they feem to be very round, fmooth and whitifh at
their firft rifing, but grow in time to be of a dusky
color , cracking in feveral places on the outfide.
Thefe, while they are young and white. Children
and School-boys, commonly in Sport, fling one at
another ^ but when they come to their full Bignefs
and Ripenefs, they contain within their Skin no-
thing but a fine, foft, brown, dry Duft or Pouder,
which, upon breaking of the Ball, is apt to fly all
ubout.

IV. The Places . They grow in Vineyards plenti-
fully, and in many dry Meadows and Fields, in fe-
veral parts of this Kingdom : I have formerly found
them in feveral Fields between White Chappel and
Bromly , alfo in Fields near to Stepney, and other
places adjacent.

V. The Times. Their growing time is in March ,
April and May, and they come to their juft Mag-
nitude and Maturity in June , July and Auguft ,
after which, with much Wet, they rot and de-
cay.

VI. The Vitalities. Ic feems to be temperate in
refpeH to Heat or Coldneft, and dry in the fecond
Degree.

VII. The Specification. It ftanches Blood, dries
up Fluxions and the Humidities of running Ulcers.

VIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. A Pouder. 2. Pledgets made of the Balls.

The Virtues.

IX. T he Pouder. Being ftrewed thick and in
good quantity upon any bleeding Wound, it flops
the Blood prefently : and being ftrewed upon any
old moift Sore or running Ulcer, it dries up the
Humidities of the faid Sore or Ulcer and being
ufed for fome time, it flops the Defluxion. If any
of it fhould get into the Eyes, it would vehemently
moleft them, and poflibly endanger the making the
Party Blind : it cures alfo Gallings and Kibed
Heels.

X. Pledgets made of the Balls. It Is to be tyed
round with Thread, and then prejfed hard together
in a Screw-Prefs , letting it lye there for fome few
days. This, when it comes to be impofed upon a
Wound, it again dilates it felf, and puts a flop to
the Hcemorrhage or Flux of Blood. Than this,
there is fcarcely any thing to be named which can
more powerfully and certainly do it ; for it being
of a Nature extreamly dry and drying, as it will no
way admit of the flowing forth of the Blood,
(which thole Medicaments do which are naturally
moift, and therefore are left ufeful in ftanching of
Blood) fo it will likewife fubfift and flick faft in
the Velfels. Applied alfo to moift az.d running
Sores, and to Ulcers with an Afflux of Humors, it
dries up the Humidity, and in a fhojt time .puts a
flop to the Fluxion.

CHAP. CCCVIL

Of G A R L I C K Garden.

I.; I v HE Names. It is called by the Arabians ,

JL Chaum, and Cairix : in Greek, Zno&Jby : jn
Latin Allium - and in Englijh Gar, lick.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral Kinds of this
Plant, viz. Allium Hortenfe, Garden Garlick, of
which in this Chapter. 2. Allium Anguinum, feu
Viperinum, Vipers Garlick, of which in Chap. 308.
3. Scorodoprajfum , Turkey, Mountain or Leek
Garlick, of which in Chap. 309. 4. Allium Sy he-
ft re, Wild or Crow Garlick, of which in Chap '. 310.
?. Moly, Onion Garlick. 6. Allium Latifcliuw Ur-
fmum,Cf Anguinum, Ramfons, or Bears and Snakes
Garlick -9 of which two laft in their proper pla-
ces.

III. Of the Garden fort. There are two Species,
viz. Allium Hortenfe commune. Common Garden
Garlick. 2. Allium Hortenfe minus. The lefler
Garden Garlick.

IV. The Defcriptions. The firft. Greater or
Common Garden kind, has a bulbous Root, which is
covered icith very thin Skins or Films, of a White
and Purplifh color, and conftfts of ?nany Cloves, fe-
parated one from another, under which in the ground
below, grows a Tajjel of Thready hibres • thefe Cloves
are of a very ftrong Smell and Tafte, very much ex-
ceeding Onions or Leeks, and fervc to fet again for
a new encreafe. From this Root fpring up long
green Leaves, almoft like unto Onions, but much
larger or broader, not hollow at all, as thofc of 0-
nions are, but folid like thofe of Leeks. Among
thefe Leaves rifes up a Stalk, at the end of the le-
cond or third Year, about three Feet high, on the

top

MMP

III'
111

■

V. The fecond , or letter Garden kind, in its Root ,
as to its Cloves and its Stalk, Leaves , and manner
of growing , it much re fe rubles the former greater
kind : But the Cloves of the Roots are fmallerand
redder -, and the Flower is of a more dark or dusky
Color than the firft above defcribed.

VI. The Places. They both grow in Gardens with
us in England : But the Idler has been found to
grow Wild in fome places of trance and Germa-
ny.

VII. The Times. They are feldom Town of Seed,
but the Cloves are planted in November and Decem-
ber, and fometimes in February and March. They
Flower in the Summer Months, as June and July
and the Seed is ripe in Augufi, or fome Ihort time
after the dowering.

VIII. the Qualities. It is hot and dry in the
fourth Degree : Aperitive, Abfterfive, Attractive.
Carminative, Digeftive, Difcuffive, Anodyn, and
Suppurative. It is Sromatick, PeCtoral, Nephri-
tick and Arthritick : Ptarmick, Emmenagogick.
Sudori'fick, and Alexipharmick.

IX. the Specification. It is good againft Plague.
Poyfon, and biting of all forts of venemous Crea'
tures it Cures Coughs, Afthma’s, Strangury, Drop-
lie, and Gout, and powerfully provokes the Terms
in Women.

X. The Preparations. You may prepare there-
from, i. A Liquid Juice. 2. An EJJence. 3. An
lnjufion or Deceit on. 4. An Oil by Coil ton or Infola-
non. 5. AnOintmcnt. 6. A Citap/afm. 7. A di fil-
led Water. 8. An Acid Tintlure. 9. A J aline Tin-
tin re. 10. An Oily Ttnfiure. 11. A Spirit. 12. An
Elixir.

The Vertues.

XI. The Liquid Juice. Being fnuft up the No-
ftrils, it is an excellent Errhine, and purges the
Head and Brain admirably -, freeing it from cold,
raw, pituitous andvifeous Humors j is good againft
the Lethargy, and eafes all pains of the Head pro-
ceeding from a cold and mo'ift Caufe, A Spoonful
or two, being taken .inwardly in a Glafs of White
Port Wine, it kills Worms in the Bodies of Man,
Woman or Child, Dropt into the Ears, it eafes
their Pains, and ripens and breaks Apoftemations
therein.

XII. The EJJence. It has all the Virtues of the
Liquid Juice, befides which, it provokes Urine, and
the Terms in Women ^ and being given to two or
three Spoonfuls in a Glafs of Wine, or fome of its
own diftilled Water, it prevails againft the bitings
of Mad Dogs, Rattle Snakes, Vipers, Spiders, the
flinging of Scorpions, Lfc. fortifying the Heart a-
gainft the Poyfon, and expelling it by Sweating,
t expels grofs, raw, tough and vifeous Humors out

of the Stomach, Lungs, Bowels and other Vifcera ;
It expels Wind, opens all ObftruClions of Lungs,
Liver, Spleen, Womb and Reins ^ provokes Urine
powerfully, helps againft the Strangury, carries of
the Watery Humors which caufe them. It expels
Poyfon which has been taken inwardly in Meat,
Drink or Wine, for in its own nature, it refills all
manner of Poyfons. It clears the Voice, takes away
Hoarfenefs, Cures an old Cough, and is of excel-
lent ufe againft Atthma’s, fhortnefs of Breath, dif-
ficulty of breathing, caufing an expectoration of the
Morbifick Matter. Held in the Mouth, it is good
againft the Toothach, and dropt into the Ears, it
helps againft Deafnefs, and difficulty of hearing.
It is good againft the Plague or Peftilence, Spotted,
and all other Malign or Peftilential Difeafes : Fa-
cilitates the delivery of Women in Child-birth ,
forces away the Dead Child, and drives forth the
After-birth.

XIII. The Injufon or Decoftion, in Wine , Water ,
Broth . or Milk. It has all the former Virtues both
of Juice and EfTence, but lefs efficacious or pow-
erful, and therefore ought to be given to five, fix,
or eight Ounces at. a time, and that two or three
times a day, according as you fee the occafion may
require.

XIV. The Oil by Cotfion. It is healing and com-
forting, and therefore may be applied to all cold and
moift affeClions of any part, as rains, Aches^Lame-
nefs, Numbnefs, befides which, it corroborates or
ftrengthens the Tone of the part, making it able to
refill any Fluxion of humors : 'Anointed on the
Head in a Megrim or Cephalcea, from a cold Caufe,
it gives much relief.

XV. The Ointment. It has all the Virtues of the
former Oil, and being mixed with Sulphur and Ro-

ftn in fine Ponder, and applied to putrid and cor-
rupt Ulcers which breed Worms, it kills them, it
dilfolves ftrumous Swellings, draws forth the evil

humors in Fiftula’s, and caufes them to heal •, and
anointed upon Loufie Heads, it kills Lice and Nits*
and if affeCted with a Scab or Scald, it dries up the
moift Humors, and in a little time heals it : It is
alfo good againft Scurff, Dandriff, and falling of
the Hair-, eafes Pains from a cold Caufe, and
gives relief in the Gout.

XVI. The Cataplafim made of the green Root.
Being immediately applied to the biting of a Mad
Dogs or of a Rattle Snake, Viper, Slow Worm, or
other Serpent, the Hinging of Scorpions, or of any
Venomous Creature, it infallibly attra&s to, and
draws forth all the Poyfon or Venom ^ and this it

do«s

does fo powerfully by reafon of its Vehement at-
tractive force, that it perfectly frees the Patient from
all manner of Danger. But this will be the rarre
effectually done, if at the fame time, the Patient
being laid in his Bed takes alfo a large Dofeof the
Jujce or Eflence ; and l'o Sweats upon it. Laid up-
on a Gout or Sciatica, Irom what Caufe foever,
and often renewed, as occafion requires, it draws
forth the whole Morbifick Caule and Eflence of the
Dil'eafe -, in which Diftempers it performs more
than molt other Vegetables, reputed the molt effica-
cious ; it not only eafes the Pain at prefent, but if
it has made any Iteps to the Stomach, or has indeed
affCCted it, it recalls back the Humor, and draws it
forth thro’’ the Pores of the Skin. Applied to any
place in which there is any Prick, Splinter, Thorn,
Bullet, Shot, bits of broken Bones, it powerfully
loofens them, attracts and draws them forth. Being
applied to any Plague Sore, Bubo, Phlegmon, or
other Tumor which is pofiible to come to Suppura-
tion, it adds Heat, bringing on the Maturation, to Ad-
miration -, and after it is broken, being yet applied,
it draws forth all the Malignity and Poifon of the
Plague in a Peftilential Bubo, and in other Apo-
ftems, the putrid and other offending Matter which
repleats them. „

XVII. The dijlilled Water. It has the Virtues of
the Juice, Eflence and DecoCtion, but in a much
inferior degree, and therefore may be ufed as a Ve-
hiculum to convey thofe Medicines in, to fuch Per-
form and in fuch Conftitutions where Wine would
be too hot. But as this Water is drawn off from a
very hot,fubtil and fpirituous Root,full of a volatile
Salt, fo ’it contains more of Life, Flame and Spirit
in it than is in moft other Ample and cold diftilled

wains. , .

XVIII. T be Acid TinUure. This is more pow-
erfully again!! rhe Plague and all peftilential and
contagious Diftempers than any of the former inter-
nal Preparations ; for this deftroys the Eflence of
the Poifon and Malignity in its Root ; and is of
great Force and Efficacy again!! rhe Bitings of Ser-
pents, mad Dogs, and other venomous Creatures.
Dofe’ fixty Drops at a time, two or three times a
day, in any proper Vehicle.

XIX. The Oily TinUure. Anointed upon any
Part full of Aches or Pains from a cold and moift
Caufe, it gives prefent eafe : it is alfo good again!!
the Wounds or PunCiures of the Nerves and Ten-
dons, for it prefently eafes the Pain, prevents Con-
vulfions, and induces a fpeedy Cure. Anointed
down the Back-bone, and upon the Parts affeCled
with Trembling, Numbednefs, Palfies and Convul-
fions, it fuddenly gives Relief, and in a fhort time
after’ a perfeCl Cure, if the Medicine is well rubbed
into the Parts affliCled for almoft half an hour, twice
a day, and is continued in like manner for fome con-
Aderable time, provided the Inveteracy of the Di-
feafe, Weaknefs, and great Age of the Patient hin-

ders not. „ . , . _

XX. T be Saline TinUure. It is good again!!
Worms in the Skin, Lentils, Freckles, Pimples, and
other Breakings out : it kills Lice and Nits in the
Head and Hair , and is Angular again!! Tettars,
Ringworms, Herpes, Scabbinefs, Scurff, Morphew,
Black and Blewnefs of the Skin left after Contufl-
ons, the Leprofy, running Ulcers of the Head, com-
monly called a Scald Head, and all other Manginefs
whatfoever, the Parts affeUed being well bathed
therewith twice a day.

XXI. The Spirit. It is very fubtil and full of
volatile Particles ; of extraordinary Ufe againft
fainting and fwooning Hyfterick Fits, Vapors, Ob-
ftruflions of the Lungs, Coughs, Colds, Surfeitings,
Colicks and ConvulAons of ths Bowels ; it expels

Wind, eafes Griping, heals Excoriations of the
Guts, and very much facilitates the Delivery of
Women in Labor, forcing away both Birth and
After-birth. Dofe from two Drams'to four in any
fit Vehicle.

XXII. The Elixir. It has all the Virtues of the
Spirit but more fubtil and powerful to all the
fame Intentions -, and may be given twice a day, viz.
Morning and Night, or thrice a day, according as
the Cafe may require. Dofe half an Ounce, more
or lefs, in any proper Vehicle. It is faid to be a
Specifick againft Jaundice and Dropfy ; as alfo a-
gainft an inveterate Wheezing and Hoarfnefs.

CHAP. CCCVIII.

Of GARLICK Vipers.

I.Hpif E Names. It is called in Greek , ’°f tied-

X fjkv, x. 'OzMxfieifov : in Palin, Ophiofcorodum ,
Allium Anguwum , Allium Viperinum : in Englijh,
Vipers Garlick.

II. The Kinds. It is the fecond Species of Gar-
licky and is a Angular Plant of the kind ; called by
fome Authors, Scoroioprajfum convolute Capite, Leek
Garlick, with a bulbed and twining Head.

III. The Defcription. It has a great and white
Root , con fi fling of many Cloves , much like to
Garden Garlick, which J'mell lefs flrong than Gar-
lick, or partaking fomewhat of Leeks, whence came
the latter Name of Scorodopraffum, as Diofcorides
fays. From this Root fprings up a Stalk, three or
four Feet high, and fometimes higher, according as
the Soil is in Goodnefs : it has alfo many Leaves,
larger much than thofe of Common Garden Garlicky
and almoft like thofe of Leeks, which grow from
the bottom of the Stalk to the middle thereof having
a Smell between that of Leeks and that of Garlick.
The reft of the Stalk is naked, green, fmooth and
almoft Ihining, having at the top thereof a large
Head, compofed of many Bulbs, ( not much unlike
to the Indian Moly ) covered with a whitifh thin
Skin, ending in a long green Point, which grows a-
bove it , growing fmaller and fmaller to the end :
which Skin, by the Growth of the Bulbs, being
broken, they fhew themfelves at the Aril of a pur-
pliffi color, but afterwards, as they grow riper, of
a whitifh color ; among which are alfo fome Flow-
ers. The Head, with the top of the Stalk, at the
Arft, does wind or twine it felf fo, that in fome
fort it reprefents a Viper, Snake or Serpent ; which,
when the Bulbs grow to Ripenefs , does by little
and little untwine it felf again, and bears its Head
upright.

IV. The Places. It grows with us only in Gar-
dens and is the Allium Sativum vel Hortenfe Dicf-
coridis , and the ScorodopraJJ'um fecundum Clujn :
it is more ready to part into Cloves than the Common
Garden Garlick ; and by planting the fame, it is
encreafed.

V. The Times. It flowers in June and July , and
the Seed ripens not long after.

VI. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations and.
Virtues , are the fame with thofe of the Common
Garlick.

Ggg CHAP.

Of GAKLICK Leek,

0 R,

Turkey or Mountain G A R L I C K.

I. 'T' H E Names. It is called in Greek, 2 Ko&Ji.

JL w&trov : in 'Latin , Scorodoprafum and ir.
Englifh, Leek Gar lick, Turkey Gar lick, and Moun-
tain Garlick.

II. The Kinds. There are three forts hereof, viz.
i. Scorodoprafum maj us. Greater Leek Garlick, or
Turkey Garlick. 2. Scorodoprafum magnum, feu
primum Clufii, vcl alter urn Lolieln, The Great Leek
Garlick, or Turkey Garlick. 3. Scorodoprafum mi-
nus, The lelfer Leek-lea v’d Garlick ^ but this is
called by Parkinfon, Great Turkey Garlick.

Greater LeehgGarlicJ\.

IV. The fecond, or Great Leek Garlick, has a great
white bulbous Root , and almoti tranfpaient, at leaji
Jhining, feldom giving Offfets for Encreafe. From
this Root (hoot forth leveral great long Leaves,
much bigger than the Common Garlick, and after fe-
veral Years abiding, there fprings up a great long
Stalk, three or lour Feet high, with fome lelfer
Leaves thereon, and is naked from the middle up to
the top, where it beats a large Tuft of Flowers,
enclofed at firft in a thin Skin, and of a paler color
than thofe of Homer's Moly , or rather whitifh :
which being puffed away, three-fquare Husks, with
blackilh Seed, like the other, fucceed.

V. The third, or Leffer Leek Garlick, has a Root
which is fet about with longer and /tenderer Bulbs ,
which arc enclofed in brownifh Skins , loofer and more
fcaly. The Leaves and Flowers are alike, yet fmal-
ler than Garlick : and the whole Plant is leffer in
all the parts than the former.

VI. The Places. They are Natives of Turkey,
and grow about Conftantinople •, but with us they
grow and are nurft up in Gardens only.

VII. The Times. They flower in June and July,
and perfett their Seed not long after, or in Au-
guft.

VIII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations
and Virtues of thefe Plants, are the fame with thofe
of Garlick in Chap. 507. aforegoing •, but they are
much lefs ! efficacious than Garlick , as being in a
middle degree between Garlick and Leeks , and lo
partake of both their Tempers and Qualities : they
attenuate and incide grofs and tough Flegm, and 0-
ther vifcous Humors , and thereby caufe eafy Ex-
pectation.

CHAP. CCCX.

Of GARLICK Crows,

0 R,

Wild GARLICK.

I.

'■jp H E Names.

TIL The Defcriptions. The firft, or Greater Leek
Garlick , ha* a bulbous Root, of the Bignefs of a
great Onion from whence rife long and broad
Leaves, like thofe of Leeks, but much greater and
longer , embracing or clafping about a great thick
Stalk, foft and full of Juice, bigger than a Man's
Finger, and bare towards the top upon which is fet
a great Head, larger than a Tennif e-Ball, covered
with a Skin , after the manner of an Onion. This
Skin, when it comes to Perfe&ion, breaks and dif-
covers a great multitude of Flowers, which are whi-
tifh : they being paft, black Seeds follow, inclofed
in a triangular Husk. The whole Plant fmells very
Ifrong, like unto Garlick , and is in Ihew a Leek,
upon which it was called Scorodoprafum , Garlick
Leek, or Leek Garlick, participating both of the
Garlick and Leek, or rather a degenerate Garlick,
grown J<jirr of Form.

It is called in Greek , ^Ko&Jbv
of«ov, CKoy/bv ayeiov : in Latin, Allium fyl-
veftre , Allium fylveftre tenuifolium ; in Englifh ,
Wild Garlick, and Crows Garlick.

II. The Kinds. It is the fourth Species of Gar- .
lick afore-mentioned in Chap. 207. SeQ. 2. Parkin-
fon makes two feveral kinds hereof, viz. 1. Allium
fylveftre durifolium, Hard-leav’d Crow Garlick. 2.
Allium fylveftre Uvifohum , Soft-leav’d Crow Gar-
lick.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Hard-leav’d,
has a Root with a fmall Bulb or round Head, long
withal, and covered with three feveral Coats or Peel-
ings, being white on the out fide, not bigger than a
fmall Halle-AW, without any Cloves at all, having
at the bottom thereof a Knot of Fibres or Strings.
From this Root fpring up fmall, hard, tough Leaves,
almoft like unto Rufhes, Imootli, and hollow with-
in ^ among which grows up a naked Stalk, round,
folid, hard and flippery or fmooth, bearing on the
top thereof a Tuft of purplilh Flowers, which be-
ing gone, fmall blackilh Seed follows, made up in a
round Clufter, like fmall Kernels, having the Smell
and Talte of Garlick.

IV. The fecond, or Soft-1 eav'd, has a long round

Root

Chap. 3 i 1 . ‘Englijh Herbs.

Root, in fhape tike the former , but of the three fe-
ver al Coals , the outwardmoj} is reddifh, and is en-
creafed by Off-fets , yet is not parted into Cloves, as
the Garden Garlick is. The Plant is of fuch a ftrong
Garlick Smell, that the Milk of Cows which feed
thereot will talte ol it. From this Root fpring up
feveral narrow Leaves, and long, like Grafs, fofter
than the former, and nothing near fo Itift' ; and a-
mong thefe Leaves rife up one or two llender bare
Stalks, not fo hard and ftiff as the firft, but bearing
at their tops, like Tufts of purplilh Flowers, and
blackifh Seed.

V. The Places. Crow Garlick grows in fertile
Paltures thro’ all England : Gerard found it plen-
tifully in Fields on the backfide of Iflmgton near
London : and I found it in feveral places by the
Way-fide, in thofe Fields or Paftures beyond lj Ting-
ton, leading to the Boariei-River , or Hornfey-
Wood.

VI. The Times. They fpring up in April and
May ; flower in June and July, and their Seed is
ripe in A iigiiii.

VII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and
Virtues of thefe, are the fame with thofe of the
Common Garden Garlick in Chap. 307. aforegoing :
but Galen fays, That Crow Garlick is Stronger, and
of more Force than th s Garden. I can fay little to
this Opinion of Galen's ; but this I know, That be-
ing bruifed and infufed in White Lisbon or Port
Wine, and being drank, it provokes Urine power-
fully, gives prelent Eafe in the Strangury , and is
faid to break the Stone, and drive it out •, but this
is to be underftood when it is made of a friable
gritty Subftance, not when it is hard and folid, like
a Flint. The Leives of both forts are gathered and
cut or ftampt and eaten by feveral People for Sawce,
as we eat green Sawce made with Sorrel : and fome
People, which love Garlick or ftrong Onions, will
eat their Roots in April and May, with frelh Butter
and Bread, or new Cheefe, juft as we eat young
Onions in the Spring.

CHAP. CCCXI.

4 H

major Concava , Great Concave or Hollow Gentian,
or Englifh Gentian. There are three other Species
of Great Gentians, as, Flore albo, White-flowered -
Flore palhdo punliato , Pale yellow-lpotted $ Flore
c&ruleo , Blew-flowered ^ all which differ nothing
in Root, Stalk, Leaf^ Magnitude or Manner or
Growing from the firft Furple kind , but only in the
Color of the Flowers but by reafon they are not
fo ufually found in our Gardens as the other kinds,
we fftall fay no more of them in this place.

Greater Furple Gentian ,
AND

Greater Yellow Gentian.

Of GENTIAN Great,

0 R,

Great FELWORT.

1. npifE Names. This Plant is called in Ara-

X tick , Gentiana feu Gentbiana : in Greek ,
TvntAvti : in Latin, Gentiana and in Englifh , Bald-
money Baldmoyne , Bitterwort , Felwort , and Genti-
an. Ic was called Gentian from Gentius , King of
Illyria , who Was the firft Finder of it out, and the
firft who ufed it in Phyfick, and fo called it Genti-
ana, after his own Name.

II. The Kinds. There dre two generick Species
of this Plant, viz. 1. rw7j*vh Gentiana mag-\

nus vel major , The great or Greater Gentian, of
which in this Chapter. 2. revyxvfi ia/k^, Gentiana
parva vcl minor , The leffer Gentian , of which in
the next Chapter.

HI. The Kinds of the Greater. It is, 1 . Gcn-
tiana major Jlore purpureo , Great purple Gentian.

2. Gentiana major flore flavo, Great Gentian with
a yellow Flower. 3. Gentiana major folio Afclepi-
aiis. Great Swallow-wort Gentian. 4. Gentiana

IV. The Defcriptions. The firft , or Great pur-
ple Gentian, is very like to the next Great yellow
Gentian in mofi things , having a great , thick , 'brown-
ijh yellow Root , divided into two or three great
Branches , with great Fibres adjoining to them , but
a little more hard and woody, of a very bitter Tafie ,
like the other Gentians, which fends forth at the fe-
veral Heads thereof many fair, broad, three-ribbed \
dark , green, fhining Leaves, fo like unto the follow-
ing, that it is Jomewhat hard to diftinguijh them :
many of thefe Heads among the Leaves fhoot forth
thick and ftrong Stalks, three or four Feet high,
with feveral Joints on them , and two Leaves at
them, one againft another : towards the tops where-
of come forth the Flowers, encompafling the Stalks
at two or three of the uppermoft Joints, with two
Leaves apiece under them, like as in the following,
which are not laid open Star-fafhion, like the TeL
low, but keep dofe and hollow, the brims beiPg
only divided into fix or more round parts, of a pur-
ple color, but paler at the bottom, where they are
fpotted with purple Spots on the infide, having fo
many yellowifh Threads in the middle as the Flow-
er has corners, Handing about a long, green, forked
Head, which growing ripe, is the Seei-Veflel, and
contains therein fuch like flat brownilh Seed as in
the Fellow kind, but fomewhat lefs.

G g g 2

V. the

Salmon’ s Herbal . Lib. L

V. Lbefecond, or Great Gentian with a yellow
Flower, hu a R out which is great, thick and long,

\ allow, and very inter, iron this Root rtfes up at
fir ft a long, round and pointed Head oj Leaves, clo-
'fug one another, which , after opening ihcmfelves.
Upon the Ground, and are fair, long and broad
fomewhat plaited or ribbed, hike unto the Leaves oj
'White Hellebor, but not Jo fairly or eminently flatt-
ed „or fo If iff, but rather refembling the Leaves oj
a Great Plantane ; from among which rife .up 4
ft iff round Stalk, three Feet or more high, and lull
of Joints, having two fitch Leaves, but narrower,
and fmaller at every Joint, fo encotnpafling the
Stalk at their lower ends, that they will almolt
hold Water, if it tails upon them. From the mid-
dle of the Stalk to the top it is garnilhed with ma-
ny Coronets or Rundles of Flowers, with two fitch
green Leaves likewife at every Joint, and wherein
the Flowers do ftand, which are yellow, and when
laid open like Stars, rifing out of fmall greemfh
Husks, with fome Threads in their middle, but ha-
ving no Smell at all, yet (lately to behold, as well
for the Order as for the Height and Proportion ol
the Plant. The Seed is brown and flat, contained
in round Heads, fomewhat like unto the Seed of
the tritillary or Chequered Diffodil, but browner.

Sivallorv-wort Gentian.

VI. T he third, or Great Swallow-wort Gentian,
has Roots, but they are nothing fo large .11 the for-
mer, but are yellow, fmall anil long, of the Bignrfs
of a Man's Thumb : from this Root fpring forth ma-
ny Stalks, about two Feet high , on which grow many
fair, pale, green Leaves, Jet by couples, with three
Ribs in every one of them, refembling fomewhat the
Leaves of Afclepias or Swallow-wort, which is broad
at bottom and Jharp at the point. The Flowers grow
at the feveral Joints of the Stalks from the middle
upwards, two or three together, which are long
and hollow, like unto a Bcll-f.ower, ending in five
Corners, or pointed Leaves, and folded before they
are open, as the Flowers of the Bindweeds are, of
a fair blew color, fometimes deeper, and fometimes
paler. The Heads or Seed-Veffels have two Points

or Jlorns at the top, and contain within them flat
greyifh Seed, like unto the former, but leffer.

VII. The fourth, or Great Concave Gentian, or
Englifh Gentian, has many long tough Roots, dijper-
fed hither and thither under the upper Cruft of the
Earth, with fome few Fibres adjoining thereto .; from
which fpring immediately a fat thick Stalk, jointed
or kneed by certain Diftances, fet at every Knot or
Joint with one Leaf, and fometimes more, keeping
no certain number 1 which Leaves do at the firft en-
clofe the Stalk round about, being one whole and
entire Leaf, without any Incifure at all, as it were
a hollow Trunk -, which, after it is come to its full
Growth, breaks on one fide or other, where it is
thinneft, tendereft and weakelf, and becomes a flat
ribbed Leaf, like unto the Great yellow Gentian or
Plantane aforegoing. The Flowers come forth from
the Bofoms of the upper Leaves, fet upon tender
Foot-ftalks, in fliape like thole of the Small Bind-
weed, or rather the Flowers of Soapwort, of a whi-
tifh color, and toucht about the brims with a little
light Carnation ; which being pall away, the Seed
follows, contained in little Cods or Seed-VefTels.

VIII. The Places. The firft three grow on moun-
tainous places in Germany but with us, are only
nurlt up in Gardens of which the lecond or lel/ow-
floviercd is the moil ufual or common- The fourth
or Englifh kind, Gerard lays he found in a fmall
Grove of a Wood, called the Spi/tie, near to Ltck-
barrow, a fmall Village in Northamptonshire.

IX. The Times. All the firft three flower for the

moft part in June, and in part of July, bringing
forth their Seed in Augufd. The fourth lprings out
of the Ground in April ; flowers in the end ot July
and beginning of Augitft, and perfects its Seed in
the end of that Month, or beginning of Septem-
ber. . ,

X. The Vitalities, Specification, Preparations and
Virtues, are the lame with thofe of the Small Gen-
tians in the next Chapter, and thither we refer
you.

CHAP. CCCXII.

Of GENTIAN Small,

0 R,

Small F E L W O R. T.

l/r-'.tf £ Nantes. It is called in Greek, run*”

JL {tmed ■■ in Latin , Gentiana minor , five Gen-
tianella and in Englifh , Small or Leffer Gentian,
or the Leffer Fehwrt. . . , , . ,

II. The Kinds. There are three generick kinds
hereof viz. I. Gentiana minor, Jett Gcntianella
vernalis. The Spring Gentian. 2. Gentiana minor,
feu Gcntianella tefliva. Small Summer Gentian. 3,
Gentiana tumor, Jett Gcntianella autunwahs , Small
Autumn Gentian. Of each of thefe three generick
kinds, there are feveral Species ; all of which it is
not our Bufinefs to declare in this Work, andtheic-
fore we (hall only difeourfe of fo many of them as
either grow Wild with us, or are to be met withal
in out Gardens, and that in the following otdei.

III. The various Species. Of the firft 01 Spring
kind we have thefe, viz. 1. Gentianella verna la-
t, folia, Broad-leav’d Gentian of the Spring. 2. Gen-
tiana verna anguftfolia , Narrow-leav’d Gentian ot

Chap. 312. TUnglijb Herbs . 3

the Spring. Gentianella minor Verna, Thefmal-
ler Spring Gentian.' Of the Sumner Kind we have
thefe, viz. 4. Gentiana minor Cruciata , alfo G*#-
Crofswort, alfo the lefler Crofswort Gentian.
5. Gentiana minor , feu Gentianella c £rule a fund at a
P cnn&i, Pennys blew (potted Gentian. 6. Gentiana
Anglica pallida p unfits diftintfa , An Englijh Gentian.
which we here place among the fmaller Gentians ,
tho* Clufws has enumerated it among the Greater
Gentians , but according to its magnitude, it cannot
be faid to be either a Great or a Small Gentian , but
a medium between them both, as is that alfo of Pe-
na, but being both Summer Gentians , we thought
good to put them both in this Claffis. Of the Au-
tumn Kinds we have thefe, viz. 7. Pneumonantbe ,
Gentiana Autumnalis, Calathian Violet, or Autumn
Gentian. 8. Gentianella Autumnalis Centaurc£ mi-
nor is folijs, Gentianella fug ax minor Gerardi , Au-
tumn Gentian with Small Centory Leaves, Baftard
or Dwarf Autumn Gentian of Gerard. 9. Gentiana
jugax Clufij , Gentiana decima Clufij, Small Autumn
Gentian, fimply fo called.

IV. The Defcriptions. The fir ft, or Broad Leav’d
Gentian of the Spring, has a Jmall yellowifh creeping
Fibrous Root , from which fpring up Leaves pretty
large and green, broader than thofe of the Third Kind
following , being about two Inches long , and one

- Inch broad, and fomewhat round pointed, with three
Veins or Ribs running through them , as the others
have } the Stalk riling from the middle of thefe Leaves
grows about four Inches high , or fomething better ,
with a fmall Leaf or two thereon, bearing at the head
or top thereof a large Husk, fuftained by two fmall
and long Leaves, from the middle of which (hoots
forth a very large and great hollow blew Flower,
ending in five (mail points.

V. The fecond, or Narrow Leav’d Spring Gentian,
has a Root which is long and J lender , fpreading it felj
much under the Ground, and of a yellowifh color, from
which fpring many Heads of feveral fmall, long, and
narrow Leaves Jet together, fomewhat longer than the
next which follows from fome of thefe Heads, which
Flower not in one and the fame Year, thofe Flower-
ing the Year following which Flowered not the Year
before, and thofe which Flowered the Year before
not Flowering again the next Year after) riles up a
fmall flender Stalk, fomewhat higher than the for-
mer, bearing thereon two fuch like fmall Leaves at
a Joint, and at the top one Flower, for the moft
part, (feldom more , unlefs the Stalk is branched)
much fmaller than the laft, narrow, long, and hol-
low, like a Hofe or Husk, of one entire Leaf at the
lower part , but ending above in five Corners , or
fmall pointed Leaves, laid open like a Star, having
fmall pieces of Leaves, like, as it were, Ears, fet at
the bottom of the divifions of them, both of them
of a perfeft blew color, but not fo deep as the for-
mer, having a white Line in the middle of each of
them , and the Ground , or bottom of the Flower ,
whitifh alfo, with a few threads (landing about a
fmall head, not to be feen until the Flower be almoft
or fully paft , unlefs one open it, which, after it is
ripe, or full blown, is fmall and long, containing
very fmall brownifh Seed.

VI. The third, or Smaller Spring Gentian , has a
Root conftfting of fmall, long, pale, yellow Strings,
which fhoot forth here and there divers heads of
Leaves, and thereby increafes reafonably well, if it
grows in a fit place, or is nurft up in good Ground,
(otherwife it will fcarcely grow with all the Care and
Diligence imaginable.) From this Root fpring feveral
fmall hard green Leaves, lying upon the Ground, as
it were, in Heads or Tufts, fomewhat broad below,
and pointed at the end , with five Veins or Ribs

therein, as confpicuous as in the former Gentians ;
among which rifes up 1 fmall fhort Stalk, with fome
fmaller Leaves thereon, at the top whereof hands
one fair, large, hollow Flower, made Bell fafhion,
with wide open Brims, and ending in live Corners
or Divifions, of the moft excellent deep Jew color
that can be feen in any Flower , with fome white
fpots in the bottom on the infide -, after the Flower
is paft, long and round Pods or Cods do appear, in
which are contained fmall blackifh Seed •, the whole
Plant is bitter, but not fo ftrong by much as the for-
mer.

Crofswort Gentian.

yil. The fourth, or Crofswort Gentian, has Roots
which are fmall and whitijh, dfperfing themf elves
many ways in the Ground, of as bitter a tafte almoft
as the rej h From this Root rifes up many Branches,
which lye upon the Earth, fcarcely lifting themfelves
upright, and are full of Joints, at which grow ufu-
ally two Leaves, one oppofite unto another, in man-
ner of a Crofs, from whence it took its Name, in
(hape very like unto Saponaria , or Soapwort , but
fhorter, and of a darker green color •, at the tops of
the Stalks ftand many Flowers thick thrufted toge-
ther, almoft like Sweet Williams, and likewife at
the next Joint underneath, every one of them Band-
ing in a dark green Husk, and confifting of five fmall
Leaves, the points or ends of which only appear a-
bove the Husks in which they ftand, and are hardly
to be feen, but that they are of a fine pale blew
color, and that many grow together ^ the Seed is
fmall and brown , hard , and fomewhat like unto
the Seed of the Marian Violet, or Coventry Bells.

VIII. The fifth, or Pennys blew fpotted Gentian,
has a Root which is fmall and yellow, with many Fibres
adjoining to it, jrom which fpringsup a jointed Stalk
about half a yard high, fomewhat reddift) towards the
bottom next to the Root, with two Leaves, like to the
Great Gentian, fet at each Joint, but much f mailer, „
and with more Veins or Ribs therein than it, ft ending
each upon a reddijh Footfialk , greater below than
thofe above , where they do in a manner cncompafs
the Stalk. From the middle of the Stalk upwards
come forth the Flowers at the Joints,with the Leaves,

on

1

i 1

'Herbal.

on both fides of the Stalk, three for the molt pait
ltanding together, except the uppermolt of all,
where they lbnd five together, each of them with
a fhort Footltalk under them, confuting ol five fmall
lharp pointed Leaves, fpread like a Star, ol a pale
blew color, finely fpotted, with many fmall black
fpecks on the infide, having a fmall umbone in the
middle , and five fmall Threads tipt with yellow
ltanding about it •, the Seed, which follows the
Flowers, is fmall , ar.d enclofed in fuch Heads or
Husks as the Gentians ufually have.

Englijla Gentian Small.

one of them a reafonable large Flower , which is
hollow, and larger than any other of the Autumna-
Jes , and is in molt of a very deep blewilh purple
color, but in 1'ome a little paler, and ending in five
points or corners.

Small Autumn Gentian \
Calatbian Violet 5
Or

Autumn Bell Flower.

IX. The Jixth , or Engl ifh Gentian, has , according
to Clulius, a fmall Root, replenifhed with a few li-
tres or Strings , of a yellowifh color , from which rijfes
up a round Jlijf Stalk , or Stalks , firm and folid ,
Jomewhat readijh at bottom , and jointed or kneed
Jomewhat like unto Crofswort Gentian ^ the Leaves
are broad, fmooth, and full of Ribs or Sinews, fet
about the Stalk by couples, one oppofite againlt a-
nother •, the flowers grow upon fmall llender Stalks,
compofed of five llender blewilh Leaves, very cu-
rioully fpotted, with many black Spots and fmall
little Lines, having in the midlt five fmall Chives,
which pafiing away, give Seed fmall like Sand.

X. The jcvcnih, or Autumn Gentian, called the
Calathian A iolet, hew a Root which is fmalf long ,
and manifold , running down for the mofl part deep-
er into the Ground than mofl of the former , which
Gerard jays perifhes af ter it has perfected its Seed ,
fp ringing up again from the falling of its Seed, which
ts a mi flake , and is refit lied by Parkinfon, for the
R ot is truly ajiringy , and femewhat creeping , (tho1
deep in the Earth) and living Root , abiding after
Seed time , and mt perifhing as the refl ■, it riles up
fometimes with more and fometimes with fewer
Stalks, fometimes they alfo rife higher, as to be
two Feet high , and fometimes not above a Foot
high, according to the Fertility of the Soil, of a
brownilh green color, having many long and narrow
dark green Leaves , fet by couples on them up to
the tops, which fcldom branch forth, but bear every

XI. The eighth , or Autumn Gentian with fmall
Centory Leaves , has a Root which is fmall flriking
down into the Ground , with feveral Fibres adjoining
to it, from which fpring up J ever a l Stalks , not a Toot
high , divided into feveral Jmall Branches , on which
ft and two fmall Leaves together , as is ufual in all the
Gentians, very like unto thofe of the Lelfer Centory,
which are not fo long as the former, a little broader ,
and of a whiter green color -, at the tops of the Stalks
and Branches grow feveral Orient Blew Flowers,
not fo large as thofe of the laft defciibed, but fet in
fmall long Husks, half way rifing up above the tops
of them ^ after which comes imall Seed in long
horned Cods or Veffels.

XII. The ninth, or Small Autumn Gentian, Am-
ply fo called, hat a Root like the former, but a little
larger, which fends up a pretty ft iff round Stalk, of
a Span high, or fomething mere, which at certain Jpa-
ces is fet with fuch Leaves iw the lafl deferibed, but
larger, and out of the boloms of thefe Leaves, from
the bottom to the top of the Stalk , fpring forth
little F ootftalks, which ufually cany three Flowers
apiece, two fet one againlt another, and the third
upon a Stalk fomewhat higher, and fomtimes there
comes forth a Angle Flower at the Root of thefe
Footftalks } the Flowers in their jbape or form, mag-
nitude, and color, are like to thole in rhe laft delcri-
bed, as ail'd their Seed and Seed Veffels ^ the man-
ner of the growing of this is veiy well reprelented
by the Gent i ana major T/ore cceruieo , mentioned in
Chap. hi. Sefl. aforegoing, laving, that that is
very large , and this is very fmall , and of the pe-
rifhing Kind.

XIII. The

Chap. 3 1 2* ‘EngUfh ‘Herbs. 415

XIII. The Places. The firft grows upon the Alps,
near Switzerland , as Bauhinus lays , the fecond
grows on the Mountains of Savoy , but neither of
them grow wild in England , being only nurft up in
Gardens * the third grows upon the Hills of Auftria
and Hungary , Gerard fays he found it on Salisbury
Plane, as alfo in fome places in Sujfex , and likewife
near St. Albans : The fourth, or Crofswort Gentian ,
grows in a Pafture at the Weft End of Little Rayne
in Ejfex , on the North fide of the way leading from
Braintree to Mucb-Dunmow , and in the Horfe way
by the fame Clofe : The fifth, Patna fays, grows up-
on Bockmet , a Hill of Switzerland , and in feveral
places on the Alps, with us only in Gardens: The
fix th is an EngliJh Plant, which was found by Mr.
Hesket , (a Gentleman very skilful in Botonology ) in
the North parts of England, viz. in Lancashire, but
the exa& place where he met with it is not named :
Thefeventh, or Calatbian Violet , grows in many
places of Germany, and other parts beyond the Seas
it grows alfo in feveral places of England, as near
Longfield, by Grave/ end, near Greenhith and Cobbam
in Kent , and in the Fields belonging to the Houfe
formerly Sir Percival Harts, at Lelhngftone in Kent ,
and in a Chalk Pit, hard by a Paper Mill, not far
from Dart ford in Kent -, in the Weft Country alfo
in feveral places , and that as well in wet Grounds
as dry •, Jobnfon upon Gerard fays, that he found it
once on a Wet Moorifh Ground, two or three Miles
on this fide Cafter, in a place called Kettle ton More,
in Lincolnfhire : The eighth, or Autumn Gentian
with Small Centory Leaves, grows in Kent in feveral
places, as about Soutbfleet and Longfield , upon the
Downs , as alfo upon Barton Hills in BedfordJJnre ,
upon a piece of wafte Chalky Ground , as you go
out of Dunftable way towards Gorkambury , and
not far from the Ruines of the old City Verulam ,
near St. Albans : The ninth is found at the Chalk
Dale near Dartford in Kent , in Waterdown Foreft
in Sujfex , in the way leading from Cbarle wood's
Lodge to the Lord Abergavenie's Houfe, called E-
ndge Houfe , by a Brook fide there, alfo on a Heath
by Colebrook, near London, and in the way turning
off from Salisbury Plane to the Earl of Pembroke's
Houfe at Wilton, and upon a Chalky Bank between
Gorkambury and St. Albans.

XIV. T be limes. As to the times of Flowering,
they are in part declared in the Seffion of the Kinds,
the two firft Flower in April, and the third in May,
if they Flower at any other time it is but cafual j and
their Leaves abiding green all the Winter, they in-
creafe at the Root , and may be eafily parted ^ the
fourth Flowers in June and July, the fifth Flowers
in July and Auguft, and not before, the Seed grow-
ing ripe foon after, which fhedding themfelves con-
tinue their Kinds , but will fcarcely endure Tranf-
plantation, or rife of the Seed fown in the Garden ,
as Gamer ari us and others have obferved ^ the feventh
Flowers not until about the end of Auguft, and in
September, in which time this Noble Flower is in all
its bravery : The eighth and ninth Flower alfo from
the end of Augujl , and continue Flowering to the
latter end of OQober.

XV. The Qualities. All the Gentians , both the
Greater and the Smaller, are faid to be of one Pro-
perty , and to have the lame Qualities and Virtues,
but the Greater are more ufed with us in Phyfick
than the Smaller -, but in places where the Greater
are not to be gotten , and where the Smaller are in
plenty , the Lejfer may very well be ufed in their
lfead. Gentian is hot and dry in the end of the fe-
cond degree, Aperitive, Abfterfive, Aftringent, Car-
minative, Diuretick, and Traumatick , Stomatick,
Hepatick , Splenetick , Nephritick , and Hyfterick ,
Sudorifick, Alexipharmick, and Analeptick,

XVI. 1 be Specif cation, it is a peculiar thing a-
gainft the Plague, Poyfon, malign Difeales, and all
forts of Agues and Fevers whatloever, and is a fa-
mous thing for the Cure of Wounds and Ulcers of
all kinds.

XVII. The Preparations. You may have there
from 1. A Juice of the Herb, and alfo of the Root.
2. An Effence of the Herb, or rather Root. 3. An
Infufion of the Herb. 4. A Dccofiion of the Root.
$ . A Ponder oj the Root. 6. A Peffary of the Root.
7. A D f illed Water of the Herb and Root. 8. A
Spirituous Tinflure oj the Root. 9. An Acid Tin-
Sure of the Root. 1 o. An Oily TinSure oj the Rod
11. A Saline Tinffurc oj the Root. 12. An Oint-
ment or Balfam of the Root.

The Virtues.

XVIII. The Liquid Juice of the Root. It 5s good
againlt the Stinging or Bitings of Hornets, Scorpi-
ons, Vipers, Rattle-Snakes, Mad Dogs, or other
Venomous Creatures , taken Morning and Evening,
two Ounces at a time, in a Glafs of Wine, tor a
Week together but in cafe of the Bitings of Mad
Dogs, it ought to be taken for a whole Month round,
till the Moon has perfected her revolution, at what
time the Poyfon for the moft part exerts it felf, and
commonly kills the Patient, and therefore for fecu-
rity fake, it ought to be taken one whole Lunar re-
volution i the Wound alfo ought to be kept open all
that time, and for the three or four firft days nothing
but Cloves of raw Garlick a little bruifed ought to
be applied to it, the Wound it felf being walh’d e-
very time with the Juice of Gentian, becaule by this
means the Poyfon of the Mad Dog, or of any Viper
or Serpent will be drawn forth.

XIX. The Juice of the Herb. It is given very
often to Cattel to drink, to free them from the Bots
and Worms, and many other Difeafes •, as alfo when
they begin to fwell, being Poyfoned by any Venom-
ous thing, which they often lick up with the Grafs $
as alfo when any poyfonous or hurtful Creature has
bitten a Cow by the Uddef , or any Other tender
parr, which prefently thereupon fwells, and puts
the Creature to pain , making them forbear their
Meat:, with this Juice the place bitten is then to be
bathed feveral times , and five or fix Spoonfuls of
the Juice to be given inwardly, mixed with a Pint
of Ale, by this means the poor Bealt is quickly cu-
red, and reltored to its Health.

XX. The Effence oj the Root. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Juices before going, being ufed in the
fame manner ^ befides which, being taken from one
Ounce to two Ounces, or more, Morning and Night
in Generous Wine, it opens all forts of Obitrublions
of Liver, Spleen, Gall, Reins, and Womb, and is
profitable for fuch as are Liver-grown, as the Vul-
gar call it, or have any Scirrhus breeding there, be-
caule the long and conftant taking hereof w'aftes a-
way thofe Humors which caufe the fame^ it gives
eale in the moft vehement pains of the Stomach, is
good for fuch who cannot relifii their Meat, have
a dejefled Appetite, and a bad Digeftion * it is good
likewife againlt piercing pains of the Sides, Stitches,
or the like-, it is good for fuch who are bruifed by
Blows or Falls, diffolving the congealed Blood, and
eafing the pain^ the fame is alfo very effectual a-
gainlt all forts of Agues, being taken to three or
four Ounces, three Hours before the coming of the
Fit, in a Decoblion of the fame Root 5 it opens Ob-
ftrudtions of the Womb, provokes the Terms, faci-
litates the Delivery of Women in Travail, and brings
away the Afterbirth ^ it is effectual againft the Stran-
gury, and brings away Sand, Gravel , or Tartarous
Matter obftrufting the Urinary Paffages, and is laid

to

41

6 Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. I.

t j be very good tor luth os have a Rupture, or are
Burthen ; it is good againft Coughs, Colds, Hoarle-
nefs Wheeling, Ihortnefs ot Breath, or any diifccul-
tv of Breathing, being made into a Syrup with hlo-
riev, and fo taken; it is good againft the Yellow
Taundice, expels Wind, and is available againtt all
Xdiie.ites proceeding of Cold, . whether inward or
outward, and as Galen fays, it is moll eftettual
where there is any need to attenuate or make thin
thick Flegm, or grois and tartarous Humors- it
cleanfes filthy running Sores, and putrid Ulcers, car
. tying off the peccant Humors, and freeing the parts
affeUed from any Difafes aiding them ; dropt in-
to the Eves it takes away inflammation and redneis,
and clears them from Films growing on them.

XXI The Infufion of the Herb or Root. It has the
former Virtues, butmuch weaker, and may be given
Morning and Night for the fame putpofes from four
Ounces to eight, fweetnedwith Sugar or Honey ; it
is a vetv good thing for thofe forts of Agues which
come by obltmaions of Humors, or putrifaUion ot

the Blood. _ , . T.,. Ti*

XXII. The Trccffion of the Root in Wine or Wa-
ll has all the Virtues of the Juice and ElTence,

but much lefs effe£bial,and may be given from three
Ounces to fix Morning and Night, being uled Di-
eteticallv for lbme time, in the Cure ot old tunning
Sores, putrid Ulcers, and inveterate or rebellious F 1-
llula’s, (fo. It is mote powerful tor the Cute ot
Agues chan the Infufion of the Herb , tho lefipow-
ei tul than the Effence-, it heals all Wofinds which
are frefh, by wafhingthem therewith, and this more
eiDecially, ”il it is made with Wine j it is good alio
to walh therewith all forts of foul, putrid ot rotten
Ulcers yea, tho’ they be hollow, or Filtulous, run-
ning, and fretting, or Cancrous, for it mightily
cleanfes and dries, and heals alfo; and taken in-
wardly for fome time, it very much prevails a
gainft the Kings-EvU, fpeedilyand certainly healing
thofe Ulcers up. , „ ,

XXIil. The PouJer of the Root. It has all the
Virtues of Juice, Effence, andDecoftion, but ope-
rates not with that celerity or fpeed which they do;
it may be given from half a Dram to a Dram every
Morning tatting, and every Night at Bed time, in
fome convenient Vehicle, and to be continued for
fome confiderable time, as the realon of the thing
ot occafion may require-, if it is taken, with a finull
addition of Myrrh, or Rue, or Pepper, it is the
more powerful againft the Stinging ot Scorpions, ot
Bitings of Serpents or Mad Dogs, the Wound being
kept open with Vinegar and Salt Water, and drell,
with the application of Gar/ici, which draws the
Venom or Poyfon out the moll powerfully ot all Ve-
getables: Outwardly applied to foul, putrid, or
rotten Sores and Ulcers, it powerfully deterges, or
cleanfes, and dries them, caufing them ipeedily to
hell- Mixt with Honey, and taken in the Morning
filling and at the ufual Medical Hours, it opens
ObftruiVions of the Lungs, and cauies eafie expecto-
ration of thick tough Flegm, and other graft Hu-
mors-, it provokes the Terms, and expels the Dead
Child and Afterbirth, anil is indeed a lingular thing
for killing Worms hi the Belly and Stomach.

XXIV. The PelJjry. It is made of the folid Root,
either green or dry. ’ Being put up into the Womb,
and kept there, it induces a flux of the Terms, by
opening the Mouth of the Womb-, it alfo attrafls
in the Birth, and brings away the Child, whether
aliie or Dead, and alfo cleats the Womb of the At-

terxxv. The DifiiHei Water of Herb and Root. It
has the Virtues of the Infufion ot Decoftion, but not
fo efficacious or powerful: Authors fay, that being
drank , it has Iwen often proved to cure in a won-

derful manner all forts of Agues generated of the
putrifaffion of the Blood and Humors, to kill Worms
in the Belly , and to cleanfe the Skin from all lotts
of Spots, Freckles, Morphew, and other Defceda-
tions whatfoevet , it being often, viz. five or fix
times a day bathed therewith.

XXVI. The Spirituous Tinflure of the Root : It
is profitable againft the Yellow Jaundice, ftrengthens
and fortifies the Stomach , prevails againft the Co-
lick, and other grievous and vehement pains of the
Stomach and Belly ; it warms, comforts, and ftrength-
ens a cold and moift Liver, occafioned by long Sick-
nefs, or bad Diet, and is of good ufe for fueh who
are in a pining Confumption ; the Hemorrhoids ot
Piles being bathed herewith it comforts the part ,
gives eafe in the pain, and difeuffes the Tumor or
Swelling ; it is good againft Cramps and Ccnvulfi-
ons, being often bathed upon the part affetled, and
prevails againft Fainting and Swooning Fits , being
inwardly given in any fit Vehicle from one Diam to
three, at time of the Paroxyfm.

XXVII. The Acid T Mure. It is one of the
greateft Stomaticks in Rentm Nature , for it opens
the ObftruUions of the Stomach, incides and dif-
folves Flegm, and all forts of thick, tough, vifeous
and tartarous Humors adhering to the Tunicles there-
of, cleanfes it of all its Faculencies, warms and
comforts it, reftores its Tone, being hurt or depra-
ved, and after a lingular manner caufes a good Ap-
petite and a ftrong Digeltion, and being conftantly
taken, it is one of the moft abfolute Cures that is
for the Rickets in Children ; it cutes Afthma’s, cau-
fing a free refpiration or breathing, and takes away
Hoarfenefs, Wheefings, &e. Dofe is fo many drops
as to make the Vehicle pleafantly fhatp, and it is
to be given in all that the Patient drinks, whether
Ale, Beer, or Wine, and that while they ufe it they
ought to drink nothing without it.

XXVIII. The Oily TinUure. Inwardly taken from
ten drops to twenty or thirty, firft dropt into Sugar,
and then mixt with any fit Vehicle, it is of excellent
ufe againft the Colick , and pains in the Stomach ,
proceeding from Wind ; it opens ObftruUions of the
Reins and Ureters, and expels fmall Stones , Gra-
vel, Sand, and other Tartarous Subftances, which
caufe the Strangury .- It is a Angular thing againft
the Palfy and convulfions of the Vifceta, being in-
wardly taken as aforefaid, and morning and night
anointed well upon the parts affeUed, as alfo along
down the Back Bone: It is good alfo againft numb-
nefs of Limbs, Trembling of any of the parts of
the Body, weaknefs of the Joints , and the Gout it

felf proceeding from a cold Caufe.

XXIX. The Saline TinUure. Being bathed upon
the place, it is good againft the bitings and flinging
of Venomous creatures, for it attracts the Poyfon out
of the Part : it eafes the pain of the Gout after a
fingulat manner ; opens the Pores of the Skin, dif-
cuftes contufions, being applied very hot, by way
of Fomentation, and cleanies the face, hands and
other parts from fpots, freckles, Tanning, Sun burn-
ing, yellownels , black and bluenefs occafioned by
Blows, as alfo feutf, morphew, and other like de-
feedations of the Cutis and Cuticu/a.

XXX. The Ointment or Balfam. It is an extra-
ordinary Vulnerary, healing fimple Wounds at once
or twice Drefling. It alfo heals Wounds and Pun-
tFures of the Nerves and Tendons. It is likewife
an excellent thing againft all running Sores, old and
inveterate Ulcers, putrid ot malign Fiftula's, for in
the one it potently digefts, cleanfes, incarnates if
need be, dries and admirably heals -, and in the other
it takes away the Callous, He. and in both ftrength-
ens the part , being much weakened through the
length or continuance of the Difeafe.

Chap. 313. ‘Englifb ‘Herbs. 417

CHAP. CCCXIII.

Of GERMANDER Garden.

I .'"T'HE Names. It is called in Arabic k, Che-

X mcdnus jOamedrios and Kemadriut : in Greek ,
^ as Diofcorides fays : in La-

tin, Trixago , Trijjago , Herba Febrium , Febrifuge
( from the Effe&s ) and Chamxdrys , Quercula minor
quafi humilis nut parva quercus , j foliorum Jimilitu-
cine : in Englijh, Germander.

II. The Kinds. There are many Varieties of this

Plant, molt of which grow in other Countries, and
are unknown in England : we make only four gene-
rick kinds, viz. 1. XafAcuJ'svf Cbamadrys jati-
va , Garden Germander, of which in this Chapter.
2. ’XaiMuJ'fvi etyex*^ Chamxdrys fylvejlris , Wild Ger-
mander, of which in Chap. 314. 3. Xaucutyv < Av-

Jeiw, TYJieiov^ Teucrium , Quercula major , Tree Ger-
mander, of which in Chap. 315. 4. XafWJ'ft/* 6A«-
J'n;, x) 2x6f£/>or5 Scordium , Goamadrys aquatica ,

Water Germander, of which in Chap. 316. follow-
ing.

III. The Garden kinds. Of this there are many
Species defcribed in Authors •, we lhall only enume-
rate two, which are common with us in our Gar-
dens, viz. t. Cbamadrys fativa vulgaris, Chamcedrys
vulgaris , and Chamxdrys mas , Febrifuga , Trixago ,
and Trijjago minor , The common Germander, or
Lelfer Garden Germander. 2. Giam&drys major ,
Trixago , and Trijjago major. The greater German-
der.

IV. The Defcriptions. Tfc firfi , #/• Small Gar-
den Germander, has a Root compofed of divers Sprigs ,
and varioujly difperfed vmb many Strings , jhooting
forth a great way round about , quickly over-
Jpreading a Ground , fpringing up again in many
places, from this Root rifes up a little ftraight
Stalk, about a Span long, and fometimes longer,
nearly a Foot in Height •. (but Parkinfon fays it

Iprings up with feveral Stalks) which are woody
and hard, like unto a little Shrub , which is after-
wards divided into very many little fmall Branches-
Upon thefe Stalks and Branches grow fmall Leaves,
aimoft round, and a little indented about the edges,
leller than the Leaves of the following Great Ger-
mander. The Flowers grow at the tops, and alfo
near the Leaves on the upper parts of the Sprigs,
of a deeper purple color than the following, and of-
tentimes tending to Blewnefs.

V- An Obfervation. This Herb was in former
times much ufed, and is yet ftill ufed in feveral
Places, to hedge up, or border Beds in Gardens, be-
caufe it will grow thick, and may be alfo kept in
fome Form and 'Proportion with cutting, and that
the Cuttings are much ufed as a brewing Herb for
Houfes, Flores and Chimney-hearths, being pretty,
and fweet withal for which Reafon it is much af-
fefted : but this is to be taken notice of, That it
will often die, and grow out of Form ^ and befides
that, the Stalks will grow too great and hard, and
ftubby •, and the Roots, by far fhooting under
Ground, will, upon a little continuance thereof
fpread into many places within the Knot, which, if
they be not continually pluckt up, will fpoil the
whole Knot it felf ^ and therefore once in three or
four Years at moft, it muff be taken up and new
Set, or elfe it will grow too rank and cumberfom.

VI. The fecond, or Greater Germander, has at Root
which is more bujhy with Fibres , and creeps lefs than
the former : from this Root rifes up greater and
harder fquare Stalks , twelve , fifteen or eighteen
Inches high , Jpreading into feveral Branches from
the very bottom -, on which grow two Leaves at a
Joint, lomewhat lamer than thofe of the Ordinary
or Common kind juft before defcribed, and more
dented about the edges, green above, and fomewhat
greyifh underneath. The Flowers ftand in a long
fpiky Head, and are larger than the former, gaping
like them, and of a paler purple color.

VII. The Places. They are both found growing
Wild in Germany , and in many other Countries, as
Clufim faith ; but with us, they are only found in
Gardens.

VIII. The Times. They flower in June or July ,
and the Seed is repened in fome little time after.

IX. The Qualities. Germander is hot and dry in
the third Degree, and more fharp and bitter than
Teucrium , as Diofcorides fays : it is highly Aperi-
tive, Incifive, Abfterfive, Aftringent, Cephalick, Neu-
rotick, Stomatick, Peftoral, Hepatick, Splenetick,
Arthritick, Alexipharmick and Analeptick.

X. The Specification. It cures all forts of Agues
and Fevers, and is principal againft the Plague or '
Peftilence : it is good againft Difeafes of the Lungs 5
ftops all forts of Fluxes of the Bowels, and is a
certain Remedy for the Gout.

XI. The Preparations. You may have herefrom,

1. A liquid Juice. 2. An Ejfence. 3. An Infufi -
on. 4. A De cod ion. 5. A Syrup. 6. A Pouder
of the Herb. 7. An Ointment or Balfam. 8. A Ca-
taplafm. 9. A Spirituous Tindure. 10. An Acid
Tindure. 11. An Oily T injure. 12. A Saline

Tindure. 13. A Spirit of the Herb. 14. A Pou-
der of the Seed.

The Virtues.

XII. The liquid Juice. If it is mixt with Honey
and fo taken, it is good againft Coughs and Colds,
Hoarfenefs, Wheezings, Shortnefs of Breath, and
Pains of the Spleen. It is profitable for fuch whofe
Spleens are become hard, and fuch as have the
Strangury, or make their Water difficultly j and

H h h helps

^i8 Salmons ‘HerlaL Lib. 1.

helps chore who are tailing into a Dropfy, being ta-
ken in the beginning oh the Difeafe. Dote two,
three or four Spoonfuls Morning and Night.

XIII. The Epence. It has all the former Virtues ,
betides which, ic opens Obftruftions of the Sto-
mach, Liver, Spleen, Reins and Womb ; provokes
the Terms in Women, and helps to expel the dead
Child, and the After-birth. It it is mixt with Vi-
negar, and to taken, it does watte or confume the
Spleen, and is very effectual againft alt torts of Poi-
tou, chiefly the Bitings of Serpents and mad Dogs.
Uied outwardly with Honev, it cleanfes old and
running Sores and putrid Ulcers, hindering their
fpreading and eating : and fo mixed with Honey
and put into the Eyes, it helps their running and
watering, and removes the Dimnefs of Sight. Ta-
ken inwardly, three or four Spoonfuls at a time, it
is good againft Pains and Stitches of the Side, Co-
licks. and other the like DifaffeUions. It cures al-
io Tertian and Quartan Agues, being taken every
day in the Morning tilting, and on the- day of the
Fit, three hours before the Fit comes : and Experi-
ence has found it a molt effectual Remedy againft
rhe Plague it felf

XIV. The bifufion. It has the Virtues of the

Juice and Effence, but not full out fo effeftual : it
prevails againft Difeafes of the Brain, continual
Pains of the Head, Melancholy, F.pilepfy, Carus,
Lethargy and Dulnefs of Spirits, Palfies, Convulfi-
ons, etc. Dofe fix Ounces Morning, Noon and
Night. .... „ ,

XV. The DecoBion. It has the Virtues of the
Juice, Effence and Infuiion, hut is fomething more
efficacious than the Infuiion, but not fo pleafant to
be drank by the Patient, becaufe it taftes Wronger ;
yet it may be given to tix Ounces or mote, as the
Infuiion afotefaid is given. Put into the Ears, it
kills Worms in them, and alfo kills Worms in the
Belly, fo alfo the Juice and Effence. A Decoftion
of the Herb or Root rather, made in Wine, and taken
for fixty days continually, tout hours before Meat,
it is a certain Remedy for the Gout.

XVI. The Syrup. " Durantes makes a Syrup for
tile Spleen after this manner : Take Germander ,
Ground Bine, Ceterach , Aladder , of each a Handful
Raifons (toned an Ounce Bark of Caper-roots , Roots
of Smallage, Elecampane , Blew it lower deluce , Orrice ,
Liquorice , of each ha/J an Ounce ; Bark of Tama-
risk, C 'Sperm, Seeds of Anife , iennel, Smallage, of
each two Drams : boil all in a Sufficient quantity of
a Mixture of equal parts of Water and Vinegar :
then pram, and with a Sufficient quantity of Honey ,
make a Syrup, aromat izing it with five or fix Dunces
of prong Cinnamon-water. The Dole is fourOunces
every Morning fatting. It is good alfo againft
Coughs, Colds, Atthma’s and other Diftempers ot
the Lungs ; as alfo againft the Colick, Stitches in
the Side, ©V.

XVII. The Bonder of the Herb. It has the Vir-
tues of the Juice, but more aftringent, toeing very
good to ttop all manner of Fluxes, whether of the
Belly or of Blood ; as alfo the Courfes in Women,
and to ltop Vomiting, being given from half a Dram
to a Dram, and half, in Vinegar or any other proper
Vehicle.

XVIII. The, Bonder of the Seed. It may be given
from half a Dram to a Dram and half in a Glafs of
White Port Wine, for fome days; and fo taken, it
expels Cholerby the Urinary Paffages, and is profi-
table againft the Yellow Jaundice : it alfo comforts
the Stomach, and ftrengthens all the Vifceta, tho’
under long Weakneffes.

XIX. The. Ointment or Balfam. It heals fimple
green Wounds in a ftiorc time ; and being applied
to foul running Sores, and old putrid Ulcers, it di-

geft them, cleanfes, incarnates, dries, and quickly
heals them up. Applied to the Gout, it eal'es the
Pain in twenty four hours time ; and by the con-
ftant Ule of it afterwards , in a lhort time cutes
it, and that fo perfectly, as to return n d mote again
upon that Balls.

XX. The Catdp/afm. Being beaten and boiled in
Vinegar, and brought to a Confiftence with a little
Leaven, and fo applied to the Stomach, it Hops and
cures all thofe Vomitings which arife from hot and
cholerick Caufes : and applied to the Forehead and
Temples in cafe of an Hcemorrhage or Bleeding at
Nofe, it ptefently ftops it.

XXI. The Spirituous TinBure. It warms and.
comforts a cold Stomach, and fo ftrengthens it, as
to caufe a good Appetite and a ftrong Digeftion. It
is cordial and excellent good againft fainting and
fwooning Fits, Fits of the Mother, and a vehement
Sicknefs at Heart, which it eafes almoft in a mo-
ment. It expels Wind powerfully, and gives eafe
in the Cclick ; and is a lingular thing in refifting e-
ven the Violence of Convulfions. Dofe two
Diams.

XXII. The Acid TinBure. It is fo powerful aft
Opener of all Obftructions of the Stomach and other
Vifcera, that there are but few other things which
equal it. It cures and prevents the Rickets in Chil-
dren ; is powerful againft a Cachexia in Virgins and
other young People ; and a Angular thing againft
the Green-hcknefs in young Women. It excites a
good Appetite where it is languid or is wanting *
incides, diflolves and expels thick, tough, vifeous
Flegm, and other tartatous Humots lodged in the
Stomach and Bowels, caufing Tottions, Gripings,
Colicks, Cfc. let it be given Dietetically in all that
the Patient drinks, whether Ale, Beer or Wine, fo
many Drops at a time as may give the Vehicle a
pleafant Acidity, continuity its Ufe as long as need
requires. k>

XXIII. The Oily. TinBure. Outwardly bathed
upon any Part, or Parts affefled with Lamenefs,
NumbednefsjTrembling, Paliy,Convulfions,Cramps,
from a cold .Caufe ; .as alfo upon PunCftyes of the
Nerves ot Tendons, it in a (hort time gives eafe,
and by Continuation of the fame, (doing it Morn-
ing and Night > in no long time a perfect Cure. It
eafes Pains upon the Shin-bones, as. alfo Pains in
the Joints, the Gout and Rheumatilm ; and is an
excellent thing 'to be bathed upon any Part which
has contracted any Weaknefs by the long Continu-
ance of any Diftafe : But in failles and.Convulfions
it is to be noted, That, the Back-bone muft alfo be
pointed with the fame in lifee manner, twice a day,
rubbing it very well inj

XXIV. T he Saline TinBure. Inwardly given
flora one Dram to twain a Glafs of White Pott
Wine, it opens ObftruCtions of the Urinary Paffages,
and provokes Urine^, powerfully, expelling. Gravel,
Sand, and flimy or vifeous Matter, which flops the
Urine and caufes Pain' Bathed upon a recent and
ljmple Contufion, it hinders the Aggregation of Hu-
rfiors, difeyfles thole which ate prelent,and quick-
ly cutes'tflg fame,- taking away alfo the Blacknefs
ajid Blewnefs thereof. " It, is alfo good againft Pim-
ples, FretKtas, Sun-burningf Tanning, Yellownefs,
Scutff, Morphew, alia other like Breakings out of
the Skin.

XXV. The Spirit from the Herb. It is highly

Stomatick and Cordial, good againft all Difeafes of
the Head, Brain, Nerves, Heart and Vitals, com-
forting the Parts affeCted, refilling the malign Va-
pors which opptefs the Spirits, and reviving the u-
niverfal Man. Dofe from one to two Drams, ei-
ther alone or in a Glafs of choice and generous
Wine, as oft as occafton requites, viz. in tainting,
fwooning, ©Y. CHAP,

Chap. 315. TLngHjh Herbs. 4 1 cj

CHAP. CCCXIV.

0/ GERMANDER Wild.

I 'T' H E Names. It is called in Greek ,

X J'ft/f : in Latin, Chamadrys fylveflris :
in Englijh, Wild Germander.

II. The Kinds. This is twofold, viz. 1. Cbama-
drys fylveflris Clufii , Cbamadrys fpuria fylveflris ,
Cnamtdrys vulgaris fcemina Puchfii , Turneri , Lew/-
ctvv, Lugdunenfis , Pfeudochamadrys Thalii , Teu-
crium pratenfe Lobelii , Common Wild Germander.
2. Cham^drys anguflifolia,' Chamadrys fpuria minor
anguflifolia Bauhini , who takes it to be the third
Variety of the fourth kind of C/*/?/* his Teucrium ,
Narrow-leavd Wild Germander.

upon the Stalks, are Ihorter and narrower poimei
alfo at the ends , and lnipt about the edges. The
Flowers grow towards the tops of the Stalks, Spike-
faihion, being either of a pale blew color or blufh-,
made of four Leaves, like the other * having alfo
like Heads and Seed.

V. The Places. The frit grows almoft in every
Meadow thro’ the Land , as alfo by Ditches and
Hedge fides : Gerard fays it grows in many places
about London , in Meadows and fertile Fields, and
in every place whereloever I have travelled ( fays he)
in England. The other grows in like places, but is
nothing near fo common.

VI. The Times. They flower and flourilh from
the end of May to the latter end of Augufl.

VII. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations,
and Virtues, are the lame with thofe of the Common
Garden Germander in the former Chapter, and thi-
ther I refer you.

III. The Defcriptions. The Jirfl , or Common
Wild Germander, has a Root which is f mall and
thready, which fends forth feveral fquare upright
Stalks, yet fometimes a little bending, having two
Leaves Jet at each Joint, one againji another, the
lower ones fomewhat large , and almofl round, yet
pointed at the ends , and dented about the edges, but
fmaller as they grow up higher. The tops of the
Stalks are fpiked with feveral blew Flowers, fet a-
bout them, made of four fmall round Leaves apiece,
with a little white Eye in the middle, fmall-pointed,
and fome Threads alfo • after which fucceed fmall
flat Pouches, containing fmall Seed.

IV. The fecond, or Narrow-leav’d Wild German-
der, has a Root which is blackijh, hard and Jibrous or
flringy ■, from which fpring feveral round reddifh
Stalks, fomewhat rough, hard and hairy , about an
Hand Breadth or fomething more high, and bending
downwards , whofe lower Leaves are fomewhat long
and broad, round at the ends, and not dented at all
about the edges ^ but thofe which grow up higher

CHAP. CCCXV.

Of GERMANDER Tree.

I-/ | A HE Names. It is called in Greek, T tvnaov :
X in Latin, Teucrium, ( a Teucro inventors,
tefle Plinio) alfo Quercula major -, and in Enghjh,
Tree Germander.

II. The Kinds. There are three kinds hereof
which grow in our Gardens, viz. 1 . Teucrium mu-
jus vulgar e , Teucrium Matthioli , Lobe hi, Cf alio -
rum, Teucrium vulgar e fruticans Clufii, Chamxdrys
alterum, feu affurgens Dodonxi, Common or vulgar
Tree Germander. 2. Teucrium Creticum Clufii ,
Teucrium Creticum incanum Bauhini , Tree German-
H h h 2 der

<K1

1 1

Ism

Salmon V H&rbaL Lib. I.

der of Candia. 3. T euctium Bteticum, Teucrium
f rut icans Bteticum Clitfii, Lugdumnfis, Tabernmon-
tjni , & aliorum , Teucrium Perigrinum folio fimtofo
Bauhini, Spanifh Tree Germander.

III. Tire Defcriptions.
Tree Germander, hat

The fir If , or Common
Root which is Somewhat

u vdy, f [’reading it felf about , with many Sitings
and blackiSh Fibres adjoining to them. From this

Root Spuing up hard, woody , brittle Stalks, (growing
much like a little Shrub ) a Foot or two , add. /owe 4
//7;/ftr ^ Yard high, where Care i* taken of it , and it
is preserved and defended from the Injuries of the
Winters. Thefe Stalks branch themfelves forth on
all fides, from the very bottom, bearing always
Leaves by couples, fmaller, fmoother and thicker
than thofe of Germander , of a dark Ihining green
color on the upper fide, and greyifh underneath,
and dented alfo about the edges, like them. The
Flowers which are gaping, Hand about the tops of
the Branches, Spike-fafhion, one above another, of
a pale whitilh color, as Cluftus fays, but of a pur-
ple, as Label fays, of both which colors it has beefl
off1 feen beating; but the Flowers are fomewhat
larger than thofe of Germander , and without any
Hood above, having a few Threads Handing forth,
The Seed is fmall, blackifh and round, contained rrt
finall round, but pointed Husks. The whole Plant
is of a fine, pleafant, but weak Smell, yet fomewhat
ltionger, if it is a little bruiied, holding the Stalks
and green Leaves continually, ii it is not expofed
to the Sharpnefs of the Winter Seafon.

IV. The Second or Cretian Tree Germander, ha, 1
a Root like the former , and Springs up and grows
like a little Shrub ; it f ifes up with fuch like woody
Stalks , and brittle, at the other, but Something Smal-
ler and whiter ; on which do grow fuch like Leaves,
and in the fame manner , but Something lejfer, lefs
green and j, hitting above, and more hoary underneath ,
two always fet at a Joint, one oppofite to the other :
with the Leaves towards the tops, come forth five
or fix Flowers, Handing in a Husk, like unto the o-
ther, but a little lefs, and of apurple color, which
being pall away, lmall round leed follows like to
the former. The whole Plant is a little fweeter than
that firfl delcribed.

V. The third , or Spanilh Tree Germander, has a
woody Root, branching it fcTf forth under Ground,
wilt many Fibres adjoining to it, from whence rifts
Up a Shrubby Riant, growing Jbmetimes to be three
or four Feet high, and litany times lower. It nfes up
for the ttmfl part but with one woody Stalk, which is
of a greyifh color, and divides it felf into fever al
Arms or Branches, but fewer than that of Candy,
two always fet at a Joint. The Leaves likewife
Hand two together, fomething greater, and waved
a little at the edges, of a fad green color above, but
not Ihining, and more hoary underneath. TheFlow-
ers Hand at the Joints with the Leaves, towards the
tops of the Stalks, of a white color, without any
Hood above, and with feveral Threads in the mid-
dle, tlie lower Leaves hanging downwards. The
Scent hereof is lefs odoriterous or fweet, and the
Taitc is more bitter than the former, but abides
with its Stalks and Leaves thereon, green, like the
relt, but requires a little more Care for its Winter
Security in our Country.

VI. The P laces. They all grow with us in Gar-
dens, where they flourith very well, and delight to
grow in rough Honey places, which are mountainous
and expofed to the Air and Sun. The fecond was
brought to us from Candia ■, the third from Spain ;
and therefore are not fo hardy Plants as the firfl of
them.

VII. The Times. Thefe Tree Germanders flower
fomewhat later than the other Germanders do, viz.
in July and Augufi ; and the Seed is ripe in fome"
little rime after.

VIII. The Vitalities, Specification , Trepanations
and Virtues , are tile fame with thofe of the Common
Germander in Chap. 313. aforegoing, to which we
refer you.

IX. An Obfervatiori. It is to be noted , That
Galen makes Tree Germander to be hot in the fe-
cond Degree, and dry in the third, to be of thin
parts , and inciding alfo, whereby, he fays, it is
helpful for the Spleen. Diofcorides fays it is ufed
either green or dry , and is good to confume the

C 1 lllCi. via J , U1JVJ. jj

Spleen, being inwardly and outwardly applied ; it
is alfo ufed againfl the Stinging or Biting of poy-

fonous Creatures.

CHAP, CCCXVI.

Of GERMANDER Wacer,

O R,

SCORDIUM.

I. 'Tp H E Names. It is called in Greek , 2*°?= f)ov -
X fome call it AvW^p, (from the ftrong
Smell •,) and it may alfo be called ;

in Latin ^ Scordium , Trixago paluftrls^ and T riffago
paluftris , Chamcedrys aquatica : in Englifh , Water
Germander , Gar lick Germander , and Scordium.

T he True Scordium , or Water Germander.

II. The Kinds. Taber nmontanus makes two

kinds hereof, viz. a Leffer and a Greater, i. Scor-
dium legit imum , Scordium minus , Scordium verum ,
Trixago paluftris minor , The leiTer Scordium, The
true Scordium, or Water Germander. 2. Scordium

majus ,

J,v

Chap. 3 1 6.

ID

42

majus, Scordotis Plinii, Scordium alterum , Scordotis
legitimum Plinii , The Greater Scordium, having
Leaves almoft as large as Baivm. I know that jfo/;/?-
fon and Parkinfon will fcarcely allow of this Greater
kind , and make no Difference between them, but
only in refpeCt to the place of its Growth, making
it to be either Greater or Leffer , according as the
Soil is either richer and fatter, or poorer and more
lean •, but doubtlefs they were miftaken , for the
two differing Species are manifeft.

III. The Defcriptions. The fir ft, which i-s the
Smaller kind, and is the True Scordium or Water
Germander, has a J. mall Root , full of white Strings
or Fibres, Spreading in the Ground , and creeping
round about ■, from whence fhoot forth fever al weak. ,
Square , hairy Branches , which take Root in fever al
places , ns they lye , and fpread by which means it
much cncreafes. Upon thefe Stalks or Branches
grow many Leaves, two always at a Joint, which
are fomething larger and longer than the Leaves of
Garden Germander , of a fad or dark green color,
whereon there is yet a fhew of Hoarinefs, fomewhat
foft in handling, full of Veins, and dented about
the edges, of a Scent fomewhat ftrong, and refemb-
ling Gar lick , whence came the Greek and Latin
Name. The Flowers are fmall, red and gaping, or
of a purple color, like the Flowers of dead Nettles,
and ftand at the Joints with the Leaves, towards the
tops of the Branches.

Water Germander the Greater.

IV. The fecond , or Greater Scordium, or Water
Germander, has a fmall long Root , and very fibrous,
creeping deep into the Ground , and far about, abiding
long, and not perifhing every Tear -, from which ma-
ny fquare, white, hairy Stalks or Branches Spring
forth, fome rifing up higher , and others dwarf like,
keeping nearer the Ground. Upon thefe Stalks or
Branches grow Leaves, two at a Joint, broader and
rounder than the former Scordium, and all of a hoa-
ry white, being fomewhat like unto the Leaves of (

Horehound or Water Mint, and almoft as large as
thofe of Bazvm. From the middle of the Stalks up-
wards, towards their tops, come forth the Flowers,
ftanding as it were in a long fpiky Head, with
Leaves at the bottoms of Husks or Ihort Foot-ftalks.
Thefe Flowers are of a pale purplilh color, almoft
white, like unto Horehound , gaping, and very like
to thofe of dead Nettles -, which being pafled away*
there follows fmall, round, black Seed. The whole
Plant fmells of Garlick as much as the former, or
True Scordium -, and thereby it is known to be of
the kind, tho’ the Leaves, by being larger, do fome-
what differ:.

V. The Places. The hrft grows in many wet
Grounds, and by Water-fides in many places of
England. Diofcorides fays, That it grows as well
on Hills as by Water-fides 5 and it will flourilh well,
if it is tranfplanted into a Garden : Gamer amts lays.
That it is found to be Itronger and 1 harper which
grows on high Grounds, than that which grows on
low and moift places. It grows near to Oxenford,

. by Ruley , on both fides of the Water •, and in a
Meadow by Abington, called Neitford : alfo in
great plenty in the Ifle of Ely, and in a Meadow by
Harwood in Lancajhire, and in feveral other places.
The other grows alfo in low and moift places, but
is not lb generally to be found as the hrft is : in
Candia the People gather it promifcuoufly with the
firft fort.

VI. The Times. They flower in June, July and
Auguft, in which Months it is belt to gather it and
keep it dry : it perilhes not in Winter^ but only
loofes the Stalks, the Root fending up trelh again
in Summer.

VII. The Qualities. Germander is hot and dry in
the fecond Degree : it is Aperitive, Abfterfivc, A-
ftringent, Carminative, Digeftive, Diuretick, Ano-
dyne and Traumatick ^ Cephalick, Neurotick, Sto-
matick, Cordial, Hepatick, Nephritick, Sudorifick
and Alexipharmick.

VIII. The Specification. It is a counter Poifon a-
gainlt all Poilbns and Infections of Contagious and
Epidemick Difeafes, as Stingings or Bitings of Ser-
pents, mad Dogs, Gfc. all forts of malign Fevers,
the Meafles, Small-Pox, Purples, Spotted Fever
and Calenture, as alfo the Plague or Peitilence it
felf : it is an efpecial Help againft the Strangury,
and provokes the Terms in Women.

IX. The Preparations. You inay prepare here-
of, viz. 1. A liquid Juice. 2. An Ejjence. 3. An
Infufion in Wine , or Deco ff ion. 4. A Syrup. 5.
A Pouder. 6. An Ele binary. 7. Biafcordium. 8.
An Ointment or Balfam. 9. A Cataplafm. 10. ff
di filled Water. 11. ff Spirituous Tincture. 12.
An Acid Tincture. 13. An Oily Tintlure. 14. ff
Spirit. 17. An Elixir. The Herb is only ufed.

The Virtues.

X. The liquid Juice \ It is a little fharp and pe-
netrating, and fo is effectual to provoke Urine, and
give eale in the Strangury. It opens ObftruCtions
of the Womb, and provokes the Terms in Women,
facilitates the Birth, and brings away the After-birth.
It is good againft the Bitings or Stinging of Vipers,
Rattle Snakes, and other Serpents, mad Dogs, Scor-
pions, Hornets, Gf c. and refills all other deadly P01-
fons. Dofe two, three or four Spoonfuls in the di-
ftilled Water of the fame, or in any other fit or pro-
per Vehicle, Morning and Night, to be continued
for fome time.

XI. The Ejfence. It has all the former Virtues,
and may be given in like manner in the lame Dofe :
and as it is a counter Poifon, fo it refills all conta-
gious

422

SalmonV

Lib. I

gious and inleflious Difeafes, even when Epidemi-
cal, as Mealies, Small-Pox, Spotted Fever, Purples,
the Plague alfo, and all Peftilential Diftempers. It
is given with good Succefs before the Fits of Agues,
to divert or hinder the Accefs, and to drive them a-
way : in this Cafe it may be given to four, five or
fix Ounces. It is a moft certain Remedy to kill
Worms in Old or Young, whether in the Stomach
or Belly. And by reafon of its Abfterfive and Sana-
tive Properties , it is an excellent thing to be ufed
Dietetically againlt the Poifon and Malignity of the
French- Pox, and to clear the Patient of theReliques
of the fame. It powerfully provokes Sweat, and
therefore is good again!! the Plague, digefts Hu-
mors, diffolves and difculfes Swellings * and is an
excellent thing for fuch who are hurt by Blows, Falls
or Bruiies, where fome inward Veflel may be bro-
ken, to dilfolve, difperfe and expel the congealed
Blood, and to confolidate the Vein •, and becaufe of
its Conglutinating Property, it is good for fuch as
are troubled with any Rupture or Burftennefs, this
being daily drunk inwardly, and the Herb applied
outwardly. _ .

XII. The Infufion in Wine, or Decoction. Thele
have both of them the Virtues of the Juice and Ef-
fence, but in a much lefs degree, for which Reafon
they ought to be taken in a much larger Dofe, and
to be oftener repeated. They are good againft the
gnawing Pains of the Stomach, as alfo Pains of the
Sides and Pleura : and if they are made in Red
Wine, are very profitable againft the Bloody-flux,
and all other Fluxes of the Belly.

XIII. The Syrup . It has the Virtues of the In-
fufion and Deco&ion, and is available againft an old
Cough, Hoarfenefs, Wheezing and Shortnefs of
Breath : it opens Obftru&ions of the Lungs , and
helps to expeftorate tough Flegm and other vifcous
Humors out of thofe Parts. Mixt with the Pouder
of Scordium , and applied to foul and putrid Ulcers,
it abfterges them, dries, and very much contributes
to their healing.

XIV. The Pouder . It has the Virtues of the

Juice, Effence, Infufion and Decoftion, but operates
not fo fpeedily, and may be given in any convenient
Vehicle, as in the diftilled Water, Infufion, Deco-
aion or Syrup of the fame Herb, from half a Dram
to a Dram. It facilitates the Labor, provokes the
Terms, opens Obftru&ions of the Urinary Veflels,
is good againft Ruptures, is an excellent counter-
Poifon, kills Worms, and prevails powerfully . a-
gainlt the Bloodv-flux, more efpecially if it is mixt
with Pouder of ' Torment il-Poois a third part. ^ It is
very good for moift running Sores and Ulcers in the
Legs or other Parts, to cleanfe and dry them, and
caufe them fpeedily to heal.

XV. The Electuary. It is made of the Pouder of
Scordium a Pound , mixed with three Pounds of the
Rob of Juice of Crejfes made with Honey , adding at
the end , Rofin in fine Pouder half a Pound. It is a
noble Electuary for the Lungs it not only cures
Afthma’s, Coughs, Colds,, Wheezing, Cfc. but alfo
heals Ulcers of the Lungs, helping to expeUorate
the rotten and putrid Matter from thence. Dofe
one Ounce Morning and Night.

XVI. Diafcordium. It is a compound ConfeU or
Ele&uary in our Pharmacopoeia Londinenfis , lib. 4.
cap. 22 Jett. 19. It was compofed by Eracaftorius ,
and inferted there ior its great Virtues and general
Ufe. It is given againft Plague, Poifon, malign
Fevers, Fluxes of all forts, Catarrhs, Vomiting,
Coughs, Watchings, Afthma's, Pleurifies, Confump-
tions. Whites and Reds in Women, 0V. Dofe from
one to two Drams at Night going to Bed, and as
much in the Morning falling, as the Occafion may
require : and it may be given to Children from a

Scruple to half a Dram, in any convenient Vehicle.

It is thus made : Take Scordium in fine pouder one
Ounce fine Bole an Ounce and half -, Terra Lemnia ,
Biftort , Cinnamon , Cajfia Lignea , Dittany oj Creet ,
Gent ian , Torment il , ( all thefe in fine pouder) Gum
Arabic k , Galbanum , Storax Calami t a , of each half
an Ounce G inger , long Pepper , Seeds of Sorrel , of
each two Drams in fine pouder -, Opium a Dram and
half ■, Canary eight Ounces \ Sugar of Rofies a Pound ,
clarified Honey two Pounds and half : mix and make
an Eletluary according to Art. The Opium in this
Prefcript is much too little, being to the whole
Compofition only as 1. to 310. which is an inconfi-
derable Proportion. Should Opium one Ounce be
the Proportion, it would yet be but as 1. to 58.
which is ftill confiderably too little, where any Ef-
fects from the Opium are expefled.

XVII. The Ointment or Balfam. They are ex-
cellent Wound- Medicaments, and cure fimple green
Wounds at two or three times drelfiDg. If to every
Pound of the Balfam three Ounces of the Pouder of
Scordium be added, and one Ounce of Pouder of
Tobacco , it will be one of the bell Topicks for di-
gefting, cleanling, incarnating, drying and healing
any running old Sore, putrid Ulcer or Fiftula, in
what Part of the Body foever.

XVIII. The Cataplafm. If ft is made of the dry-
ed Herb mixed with Honey, and applied to fimple
green Wounds, it heals them. If it is applied to
foul and putrid Ulcers, it cleanfes, dries and heals
them. If it is applied to Excrefcencies in the Flelh,
as Wens, and the like, it repercufles the Matter,
hinders them from encreafing, and prevails againft
them fo as to difeufs or difperfe them. Applied to
the Gout, it eafes the Pains thereof

XIX. The diftilled Water. It is Cordial and A-
lexipharmick, and is good againft fainting and
fwooning Fits, Sicknefs at Heart, caufed by any
malign or peftilential Miafmata or Vapors, (Stc. but
it is chiefiy ufed as a Vehicle, to convey the other
Preparations of this Herb into the Body.

XX. The Spirituous Tintture. It is highly Cor-
dial, good againft all the Deliquiums of the Spirits,
Faintings, cold Sweats, Weaknefs, Poifons and poi-
fonous Vapors, Sicknefs at Heart, Agues, Etc. and
has all the Virtues of the Juice and Elfence, but is
to be given in a much leffer Dofe, viz. from one to
three Drams, in fome fit Vehicle.

XXL The Acid TinSure. There are but few
things in the whole Republick of Medicine, which
are fo powerful againft the Plague and all Peftilen-
tial Poifon, as this Medicament is, becaufe it ftrikes
at the Root of the Malignity and Venom, undoing
it in its Principle and Elfence. It not only cures the
Plague and all Peftilential Difeafes, but it is alfo a
noble ProphylaUick, or Preferver from the Conta-
gion and lnfeflicn. I commend it againft the Spot-
ted Fever, the Purples, Calenture, all burning and
malign Fevers, the Bitings of mad Dogs, Serpents,
Vipers, Rattle Snakes, Stinging of Scorpions j be-
caufe, if wifely given, and in a due or fit Dofe, it
will do more in an Hour than many other Medicines
will do in a Week : it is to be given in all that the
Patient drinks, whether Ale, Beer, Wine, Poffet-
drink, Grewel or Broth, and fo many Drops at a
time as to make it pleafantly lharp, refembling the
Acidity of a Linton. It is a noble Medicine, and
ought to be kept always in a Readinefs by one.

XXII. The Oily Tinfture. Anointed on the Back-
Bone, and upon the Parts affefled , Morning and
Night, it is an excellent thing againft Numbnefs,
Trembling of the Limbs, Palfies, Convulfions, CJ c.
it is alfo of extraordinary Ufe, being applied to
Punflures of the Nerves or Tendons, for- it prefent-
ly eafes the Pain, abates the Tumor, prevents Con-
vulfions,

Chap. 317. 'Englifb Herbs. 423

vulfions, and induces the Cure almoft to a Miracle.
Inwardly given from twelve to thirty Drops, being
dropt into Sugar, and fo mixt with any proper Ve-
hicle, it has not only all the Virtues of the Juice
and Effence, but after a lingular manner opens Ob-
llruftions of the Reins and Womb, provokes Urine,
tales the Strangury, and forces away Stones, Gra-
vel, Sand, Tartar,' or any other Foeculency refiding
in thole Parts. It alfo provokes the Terms in Wo-
men, facilitates the Labor, but brings away alfo the
After-birth, and prevents After-pains, 0V .

XXIII. The Spirit. It is one of the greateft
Cordials in the World, it chears the Heart, revives
the Spirits, ltrengthens the Archeus, and prevails a-
gainlt fainting Fits, Swooning, Vapors, Fits of the
Mother, Convulfions, Palfies, Lethargies, and all
other like Dileafes proceeding from Cold and Moi-
Iture, or from any poifonous or venene Caufe. It
is alfo a Prefervative from the Infe&ion of the
Plague. The Dofe is from one Dram to two or
three, in any fit Vehicle.

XXIV. The Elixir. It has all the Virtues of the
liquid Juice, Effence, Tinftures and Spirit exalted,
and may be given from one Dram to two, either in
a Glafs of generous Wine in a Morning falling, as
a ProphylaUick againft the Plague, or at any other
time, when need requites it, as in any fainting Fit,
or Patoxyfm, to Women in Labor, and to fuch as
labor under any prefent Sicknefs at Heart. ’Tis an
excellent Cordial, and an Antidote againft all man-
ner of Poifon and Infeffion.

G H A P. CCCXVII.

Of GILLIFLOWER the Greateft,

0 R,

Carnation GILLIFLOWER.

I. np H E Names. This Plant, as it was unknown

JL to the Greeks , fo it has no Greek Name a-
lotted it -, but it is called in Latin , Caryophyllus
hortenfts ( tire Epithite is added, to diftinguilh it
from Caryophyllus lniicus , the Indian Spice called
Cloves -, thele in the Garden being fo called in fome
refpeft from their Smell, it in fome meafure being
like to that of the Indian Spice ; and in another re-
fpe£t from the Form, the Flower it felf, in its low-
er part, being vety like to the Indian Clove : in Eng-
lifh we call it, Gilliflower , (quaft July-flower , from
its flowering in the Month of July : ) but if we will
alfign it a Greek Name , we may call it.KafuSeuxAee
eotejv , Caryophyllus hortenjis , and lo it is diftin-
guilhed from itr/Uii/, The Indian Clove or

Spice:

II. The Kinds. Of the Gilliflomers there are three
enerick kinds, viz. I . Caryophyllus hortenfts ru-
rum , .The deep Blood-red Clove-Gilliflower , of

which we have already treated in Chap. 139. afore-
going. 5. Caryophyllus hortenfts maxi mils. The
greateft Gilliflower or Carnation Plant, of which in
this Chapter. 3. Caryophyllus hortenfts major. The
greater Gilliflower, called Amply by the Name of
Gilliflower, of which there are feveral Species,
which (hall be treated of ( God willing ) in Chap.
318. following. The generick Defcription of thele
two latter, fee in Chap. 139. fefl. 5 and 6.

III. The Kinds of Carnations. Of the Greateji
Gilliflower or Carnations , there are many kinds :

Authors account about twenty leveral Species,
which, becaule of the immediate Repetition, we
(hail forbear to name here, but give you them each
in their own order, as we iliall now delcribe them.

Gilliflower Greateji.

IV. The Defcriptions. t. Caryophyllus maximus,
diUus, Hulo rubro varius. The grey Huh. It has
as great Leaves as the Old Carnation, ( defctibed in
Cap. 13 q.feS. 5.) and as deeply jagged on the
edges ; it has a great high Stalk, whereon ftand the
Flowers, of a deep red color, lfriped and fpeckled
very clofe together, with a darkilh white color.

V. 2. Caryophyllus maximus, i. e. Hulo ruber non
variatus. The red Hulo. It is a fair large Flower, of
a Stamel color, deeply jagged, as the former, and
grows very gallantly, without any fpot at all in it,
fothat itfeemsto be hue a Stamel Gilliflower, faving,
that it is much greater.

VI. 3. Caryophyllus maximits dtllm Hulo cnrttleo
purpureus , The blew Hulo. It is a goodly fait Flow-
er, being of a fair putplilh Murry color, admirably
Marbled with White, but fo finally to be difeerned,
that it feems only Purple, it has fo much the Ma-
ttery in it ; it refembles the Brazil , but that it is
much bigger.

VII. 4. Caryophyllus maximus diSusQrimelo, five
Frinceps, The Gmmelo , or Prince. It is a fair Flow-
er alfo, as large as any Cryftal, or larger, being of
a fair Crimfon Color, equally for the moll part llri-
ped with White, or rather more White than Red,
thro’ every Leaf fiom the bottom, and grows beauti-
fiiUy.

VIII. 5 . Caryophyllus maximus Incarnadinus A/bus,
The White Carnation, or Delicate. It is a goodly
delightful fait Flower when in its Pride and Perfeffi-
on, that is, when it is both Marbled and Fljked, 01
ftriped and fpeckled with White, upon an Incarnate
Crimfon Color , being a very fweet and delicate
Flower, but abides not conftant, changing oftentimes
to have no Flakes or Sttakes of White, but Marbled
or Speckled wholly.

424 Salmon/ Herbal. Lib. I.

IX. 6. Caryophyllus maxi unis Incarnadinus Gal-
kins, 1 he bench Carnation, It is very like to the
P bite Carnation , but that it lias more Specks or
Spots, and fewer Stripes or Flakes of White in the
Red, which has the Mattery of the White.

X 7. Caryophyllus maximus Incarnadinus Gran-
dis , The Ground Carnation. ’ It is almolt like to the
Grand or Old Englifh Carnation defcribed in Chap.

1 39. Seif. 5. aforegoing, it is a thick Flower, but
fpreads not its Leaves abroad as others do, having
the middle Sanding higher than the outward Leaves,
and turning up their brims or edges , and is a fad
Flower, with few Specks or Stripes in it-, it is very
fubjeit to break its Husk or Pods, fo that the Flow-
er ieldom comes fair and right * the green Leaves are
as great as the Hub, or Lu/nbard Red.

XL 8. Caryophyllus maxim us Cryftallinus, The Cry-
ftal, or Cry/ial/ine. It is a very delicate Flower
when it is well marked , but it is inconftant in the
marks, being fometimes more ttriped with White
and Crimfon Red, and fometimes lefs, or little or
nothing at all, and changing fometimes to be wholly
red, or wholly blulh.

XII. 9. Caryophyllus maximus Flore Rubro , The
Red Cryftal. The Red hereof, which is changed, is
the molt Orient Flower of all other Red Gillifiowers ,
becaufe it is both the greateft, as coming from the
Cryftal, as alfo, that the Red hereof is a molt excel-
lent Crimfon.

XIII. 10. Caryophyllus maximus diffus fragrans ,
The fragrant. It is a fair Flower, and thought to
come from the Cryftal , being as large, but of a blufh
red color, fpotted with fmall fpecks, no bigger than
Pin points, but not fo thick as in the Rage ant.

XIV. 11. Caryophyllus maximus Sub audio us vari-
us , The ftriped Savoy. It is for form and bignefs
equal with the Cryftal, or White Carnation , but as
inconftant as eithef of them, changing into Red or
Blufh } fo that few Branches with Flowers contain
their true mixtures, which are a whitifh blufh, fair-
ly ttriped with a Crimfon Red Color, thick and
fhort, with feme loots alfo among them.

XV. 12. Caryophyllus maximus Subaudicus Car -
neus, The Blufh , or Flejh Colored Savoy. It is the
fame with the former, the fame Root of the ftriped
SavcjL as aforefaid, yielding one fide or part, whofe
Flovy^rs will be wholly blufh, or having fome fmall
Ipots, or fometimes few or none in them.

XVI. 1?. Caryophyllus maximus Subaudicus ruber.
The red Savoy. It is like the blufh when{the color
of the Flower is wholly red, without the mi-xtion
of any Stripes or Spots , and fo abides long, yet it
is fometimes feen, that the lame fide or part, or Root,
being feparate from thefirft or Mother Plant, will
give ttriped and well marked Flowers again.

XVII. 14. Caryophyllus maximus Oxonienfis, The
Oxford Carnation. It is very like to the French Car-
nation, as well for form as largenefs and color, but
that this is of a fadder red color, fo finely Msfbled
with White thereon, that the Red having the Mattery,
it fhevvs it like a very fad Flower, not having any
Flakes or Stripes at all in it.

XVIII. 1 y. Caryophyllus maximus Regius, five Bri-
ll oli nr nfts major , The Kings Carnation, or Ordinary
Brijtol. It is a reasonable gtjeat Flower, deeply jag-
ged, of a fad red color, very finally ftriped and l'peck-
led with White j fome of the Leaves of the Flower
bn the one fide will turn up their brims or edges j
the green Leaf in this is very large.

XIX. 16. Caryophyllus maximus Granatenfis
The gr M eft Granado. It is a very fair large Flow-
er, bigger than the Cryflal, and almott as big as the
Blew halo, it is almott equally divided, and ftriped
with Purple and White, but the Purple is fadder
than in the" Ordinary Grahido Gillifiower , elfe it

might be laid to be the fame, but greater, leveral
have taken this Flower to be the Grand Pere, but
the difference will manifettly appear in the deferip-
tion of the next Flower.

XX. 17. Caryophyllus maximus dill us Camber fine.
The Cam be /fine. It is a fair great Flower, red co-
lored, and well marked or ttriped with White, fome-
what like unto a Savoy , as fome fay , but that the
Red is not Crimfon, as the Savoy is ^ or fomething
like to the Dainty, as others fay, but not fo gallant
and fweet a form j the Leaves of the Flowers arc
many, cluttering together, without any due form of
Spreading.

XXI. 1 8. Caryophyllus maximus diltus Gran Pere .
The Grand Pere. It is a fair great Flower , and
.Iweet enough for the form, but of no great beauty
for Color, becaufe, although it is ttriped Red and
White, like the Queens Gillifiower, yet the Red is
fo fad, that it takes away all the pleafantnefs of the
Flower.

XXII. 19. Caryophyllus maximus Longobardicus
ruber. The great Lombard red. It is a great fad red
Flower, fo double and thick of Leaves, that it moff
commonly breaks its Husk or Pod, and feldom fhews
or gives one Flower of twenty perfeft * the Blades
or green Leaves^re as large as the Hulo.

XXIII. 20. Caryophyllus maximus Anglicus, The
greateft Englifh Carnation , or Old Carnation. It is
already defcribed at large in Chap. 139. Se£L 5. a-
foregoing of this Book , and is the very Head and
Principal , as well as the greateft and largeft of all
the Carnations that are yet known, and to the place
now cited I refer you ; the Defcription of this is ge-
neral, and ferves to all the nineteen afore enumera-
ted.

XXIV. The Places. Thefe all of them are only
Garden Plants, and therefore are under the conftant
care of Curious and Diligent Florifts -, they are many
times nurfed up. in Pots,/ that they may be removed
out of the cold.

XXV. The Times. They Flower about the end
of June, and through all July, unlefs the Seafon is
very hot5i but if the Weather is temperate, they
fometimes continue Flowering till the end of Au-
guft, or later.

XX VL . The Qualities, Specification, Preparations,
and Virtues , are the fame with thofe of the Clave-
gillifiower, of which we have Treated at large in
Chap. 139. from Seft. 9. to Se&. 20. and to that
we refer you.

CHAP. CCCXVIII.

Oy'GILLIFLOWER the greater,

0 R ,

G I LLIFLOWER Amply fo called.

1/ | Vi/ E Nantes. As we laid of the Great Car-
X nation Gillifiower in the laft Chapter, fo we
fay of this, that it was a Plant wholly unknown to
the Greeks, though from the Latin Name a Greek
Name, (and very proper in the Language) may eafi-
ly be derived ^ we call it in Latin Caryophyllus Hor-
tenfis major-, I know that in Chap. 139. Se£L 3. a-
foregoing we have called this Gillifiower Caryophyl-
lus minor , that is, accounting the Great Carnation
in the laft Chapter to be the Greater Gillifiower ,
viz. Caryophyllus Hortenfis major , it follows from
the reafon of the Name, that this being a lelfer Gil-
lifiower

Chap. 3 1 8. ‘Englifh Herbs. 425

// flower than that , that it may very well be called
Caryophyllus Hortenfis minor ^ but if we allow the
Carnation in the former Chapter to be Caryophyllus
Hortenfis maximus, then it follows from the fame
reafon, that this muft be called Caryophyllus horten-
fis major , as aforenamed , and in Greek it may be
called KcttvbtpvMov n'nt&v ^(uvy The Greater Garden
Clove, or Greater Gilliflovoer.

II. The Kinds. Of the Gilliflovoer there are alfo
many Kinds, Authors account about Thirty Four fe- ;
veral Species, which, becaufe of their great number, 1
and the immediate after repetition of their Names, 1
we fhall forbear to enumerate them here, and give
you their feveral Appellations, juft going before
their fingular Defcriptions , and that in the follow-

i per —a or

III. The Defcriptions. 1. Caryophyllus Hortenfis
major Flore pic no mini at 0 , The yel/owifh red Gilli-
flower , called alfo Caryophyllus Silefiacus , The Si/e-
flan Gilliflovoer , but it has been now fo long Planted
in England , that it is become perfe&ly a Native of
our own Country , fee its Defcription at large in
Chap. 139. Sett. 6. aforegoing, which is alfo a ge-
neral Defcription to all the following enumerated
in this Chapter.

IV. 2. Caryophyllus major Weftmonaflerienfls, The
Gallant , or Wefim infer. Some would make this
Flower to be two , one bigger than the other , o-
thers again make it but one ^ it (hews at firft blow-
ing open of the Flower, to be of a reafonable Size
and Beauty, but after it has flood blown fome time
it (hews fmaller and thinner , it is of a bright red
Color, much ftriped and fpeckled with White.

V. 3, Caryophyllus major BrftoUenfis Purpureus ,
The Briftol Blew or Purple. It has large green Leaves,
fo large, that it would feem to bring forth a great-
er Flower than it doth , yet the Flower is of an in-
different Size, and very like unto the Ordinary Gra-
nado Gilliflovoer , ftriped and flaked in the fame man-
ner, but that the White of this is purer than that,
3nd the Purple is more light, and tending to a Blew ^
this Flower does not abide conftant, but changes in-
to a Purple or Blufh.

VI. 4. Caryophyllus major Brijiolienfls Carneus *
The Briftol Blufh. It is very like the laft both in
Leaf and Flower, the Color only fhews the differ-
ence, which feldom varies, to be fpotted, or to
change its Color.

VJd. 7. Caryophyllus major Cant ij, The fair one of
Kent , or Ruffling Robin. It is a very beautiful Flow-
er, and almoft as large as the White Carnation , the
Flower is white, thick poudered with Purple, in
which the White has the Maftery by much, which
makes it fo much the more pleafant and delettable.

VIII. 6. Caryophyllus Silefiacus magnus, Caryophyl-
lus fulvus magnus , The great Tavoney. It is for
form of growing, in Leaf and flower altogether like
unto the Ordinary Tavoney, the Flower only, ‘becaufe
it is the faireft and greateft, m^kes the difference,
as alfo that it is of a deep Scarlet Color.

IX. 7. Caryophyllus fulvus variability The varia-
ble Tavoney. There are feveral Tawnies, fome light-
er fome fadder, either lefs or more double, fo as
they are fcarcely to be numbred, all rifing from fow-
ing the Seed of fome of them, befides the diverfity
of other Colors, both fimpleand mixed, every Year
and place yielding fome variety not feen before, which
I leave to curious Spettators to give proper Names
to, as they fhall fee fit.

X. 8. Caryophyllus major Carneus variability The
variable Blufh colored. Of this there are many forts,
as the deep Blufh, the pale Blufh, the Infants Blufh,
the great Blufh, and the Blufh inclining to a Red ;
but the great Blufh is the faireft and molt double of
all the other Blulhes, of which there are many, both
fingle and double.

XI. 9. Caryophyllus Ruber variability The variable
Red. Of Reds there are fome varieties, but not fo
many as of the other Colors , for as they are molt
dead or deep Reds , and very few of a bright Red,
or Stamel Color, fo neither Purple nor "White rife
from this Seed, that any one has obferved •, they are
either fingle, like Pinks, either ftriped or fpeckled j
or more double, ftriped and fpeckled variably.

XII. 1 o. Caryophyllus Heroine , diet us Eiegans ,
The Lady , called the Beautiful or Noble. This may
compare for Beauty with n^ft of the Gilliflovoers,
the Flower is very neat anflft, tho* fmall, with
a fine fmall jag, and of a fin? white color on the
under fide of all the Leaves, as alfo all the whole
jag for a pretty compafs, and the bottom or middle

Eart of the Flower on the upper fide alfo, but each
eaf is of a fine bright pale red color on the upper
fide, from the edge to the middle, which mixture
is wonderfully delettable.

XIII. 1 1 . Caryophyllus major Regineus , The
fffieens Gilliflovoer. It is a reafonable £tfr Flower,
altho’ very common, and is ftriped Red and White,
fome great and fome fmall, with long ltripes.

XIV. 12. Caryophyllus major Carneus , The Blufh
Gilliflovoer. It differs not much from the Red color-
ed, or Stamel, as to its magnitude or form, but on-
ly in the color of the Flower, which is Blufh.

XV. 13. Caryophyllus Alb us Londincnfis opthnus
major , The greater and beft London White Gilliflovo-
er. It is admirable to look upon , grows upright,
and very double •, the blades grow upright alio, not
crawling on the Ground.

XVI. 14. Caryophyllus Alb us Londinenfls vulga-
rity The common White London Gilliflovoer, This is
greater and whiter than the Common White Gill flow-
er, and is indeed wholly of one color.

XVII. 17. Caryophyllus major Dorobornienfis Ru-
ber, The Red Dover. It is a reafonable large Gilli-
flovoer, and conftant, being of a fair Red, thick pou-
dered with white fpots, and fhews fomething like
the Qmund Carnation.

XV’III. 16. Caryophyllus major Dorobornienfis Di-
I i i lulus.

^2 6 Salmon j Herbal Lib. I.

it us , jive A lb us , The I..r-ht , #/• White Dover. Ic
is for torra and all Other things more beautiful or
delectable than the lormer ; the color of the Flower
is Blufh, thick fpotted with very fmall fpots, that
it feems ail grey, and is very delightful to look on.

A IX. 17. Caryophyllus major Brafllienfis , lie
Draft Gil'iflrwcr. It is but of a middle fize, being
of a fad purple color, thick poudered and fpeckled
with White, the Purple therein is the chief, which
makes it Ihew the fadder, it is unconftant, varying
much, and often to be all purple ; the green Leaves
lye matting on the Ground.

XX. .1 b. Caryophyllus Rnfeus rotundas. The round
Gilliflower. It is of the Kindred of the Tawnies,
being railed from the Seed of fome of them, yet it is
a different fort from all others, in that its Leaves are
round, without any jag at all upon the edges, of a
fine Stamel full color, without any fpot or ftrake
therein, very like unto a fmall Rofe, or rather much
like uiuo the lied Rofe Campion , both for form, co-
lor. and roundnefs, but larger for its fize.

XXL i f. Caryophyllus Silefiacus flriatus , The
Jtripcd Tazvney. It is either greater or lefler, deep-
er or lighter in its Flowers, there being above twen-
ty varieties of them, all ltriped with fmaller or lar-
ger (tripes, or equally divided, of a deeper or light-
er color ; and fome all'o for the fhape or form will
be more near, dole and round, others more loole
and unequal.

XXII. 20. Caryophyllus Sileftacus pun ft at us, The
fpeckled Tavoney. it is of divers forts, fome bigger
iome left , fome more and fome lefs fpotted than
others, ufually it is of a deep Scarlet, fpeckled or
fpotred with White, having alfo fome Itripes among
the Leaves, and fome more ltriped than others.

XXIII. 21. Caryophyllus major Elegans,< The De-
licate or Deleft able. 1 1 is a noble fine Flower, altho’
it be not great, and for the fmallnefs and thinnefs
of the Flower, being red, fo finely marked, ltriped
and fpeckled, that lor the livelinefs of the Colors,
it becomes deledable to the Eye, and much to be
deified, being inferior to very few Gilliflmners.

XXI \. 22. Caryophyllus major Granannfls , The
Granah Gt/hjhwer. It is Purple and White, fa-
ked and ltriped very 'much ; this is alfo much fub-
ject to change Purple: there is of this Kind a great-
er and a letter, bolides the greatelt, winch is former-
ly delcribed.

XXV. 23. Caryophyllus Sileftacus Plumafus, The
beat hered Tauney. This is more rare to meet with
than many of the others, it is molt ufually a fair
large flower, and double, equalling the Lumbard
Red in its perfection, the Color hereof is commonly
a Scarlet, a little deeper or paler, very curioufly
Feathered, and Streamed with White thro5 the whole
Leaf.

XXVI. 24. Catyophyllus Sileftacus Marmor <xmu-
lans , The Jlarbled Taicney. This has not fo many
varieties as ihe Striped, but is of as great beauty,
and as delectable as it, or more, the Flowers are
gi eater or Imaller, deeper or lighter colored one
than another, md die Veins or Marks more confpi-
cuous, or moie frequent in fome than in others-, but
the in, 11 beautiful of all is the Princefs following.

XXV II. 27. Her ana Riorum Rudolphi Imp e rat 0-
ris , i he Princcjs. This is the greatelt and faireft
of all thele forts of Variable Tawnies, or Seed Flow-
ers, being as large fully as the Prince or Cry ft al, or
fbmething greater, Handing comly and round, not
loole or ihaken, or breaking the Pod or Husk, as
l'ome other forts will; the marking of the Flowers
is in this manner, it is of a Stamel Color, ltriped
and marbled, with white Stripes and Veins quite
thro5 every Leaf!, which are as deeply jagged as the
Halo, fometimes it has more Red than White, and

fometimes more White than Red, and lometimes fo
equally matched or marked, that you cannot dilcern
which is molt; yet which of thefe has the predomi-
nance, the Flower is Hill very beautiful and delight-
ful to behold.

XXVIII. 2 6. Caryophyllus Sileftacus afluhfus, The
flaked Tavoney. This is another diverlity of thele
variable or mixt colored Flowers, being of’ a pale
reddifh color, flaked with White, not always down
right, but oftentimes athwart the Leaves, fome more
or left than others , the marking of them is much
like the Cry fa/ ; thefe alfo, as well as the others,
will be greater or fmaller, and of greater or lpfler
beauty than others.

_ XXIX. 27. Caryophyllus Turcicus , The Turky
Gilliflower. This is but a fmall Flower , but of
great delight, by reafon of the well marking of the
Flower, being molt equally ltriped with Red and
White.

XXX. 28. Caryophyllus purpureo cceruleus , The
blew Gilliflower. This is neither very double nor
very great, yet round and handfom, with a deep
jag at the edge, and is of an exceeding deep Purple
Color, tending to a Tawney, it differs from all 0-
ther forts, in that the Leaf is as green as Grafs, and
the Stalks many times Red or Purple; by the green
Leaves it may be known in the Winter as well as
in the Summer.

XXXI. 29. Caryophyllus Cmbrenfls Poole , The
Cambrcy , or Poole blower. It grows naturally upon
the Rocks, near Cogjhot Caflle , in the Ifle oj Wight ,
is a fmall blower, but very dde&able to the Eye,
becaufe of the fweet and beautiful proportion there-
of; it is of a bright pale Red, thick fpeckled, and
very fmall, with White, fo that it feems to be but
one color ; the Leaves of the Flower are but finally
jagged about, and it keeps confiant to its form.

XXXII. 30. Caryophyllus Perflco Violaceus , The
G redeline Gilliflower. It is a very neat and hand-
l’om Flower, of the bignefs of the Red Clovc-Gilh
flower of a fine pale reddifti Purple, or Peach Co-
lor, enclining ro a Blew or Violet, which is that
Color which is ufually called a Gredeline Color ; it
has no affinity with either Purple , Granado , or Pa-
geant.

XXXIII. 31. Caryophyllus Pegma dilutior , The
light or pale Pdgeant. lr is a Flower of a middle
fize, very plealant to behold , and is both conftant
and beautiful, if it was not lb common, it would be
much more valued than it is ; the Flower is of a pale
bright Purple, thick poudered, and very equally,
with White, which has the Maftery, and makes it
much the more pleafant and graceful.

XXXIV. 3 2. Caryophyllus Purpureus major Tf mi-
nor, The Purple Gilliflower greater and lefler. The
Stalk of it is fo fiender , and the Leaves upon it fo
many and thick, that it lyes and trails on the Ground,
the greateft is almoft as large as the Cry/ial , but not
fo double ; the lelfer has a fmaller Flower.

XXXV. 33. Caryophyllus Pegma faturatior , The
fad or deep colored Pageant. It is the fame with
the former in Se£L 3 3. aforegoing as to its form and
bignefs, the difference is chiefly in the Color, for
the Purple in this is the chief, which makes it fo
fad , that it relembles the Brafll for color, but not
fo large as it by half.

XXXVI. 34. Caryophyllus ruber major IT minor ,
The Stamel Gilliflower greater and lejfer. Ic is well
known, almoft to every Body, and differs little from
the Common Red C/ovegtl/iflower , but only in its be-
ing of a brighter or light red color-, of this Kind
there is both a greater and a Idler.

XXXVII. The Places. Thefe all grow in the
Gardens of Indullrious Florifts in many parts of this

Kingdom,

Chap. ^ i g. Englijh Herbs.

427

Kingdom, and are to be found in the Flower Gar-
dens of molt other parts of Europe.

XXXVIII. The Times. They begin to Flower
about the end of June , and keep on Flowering thro’
all July and Auguft , and many times thro’ all Sep-
tember, even almoft to the latter end of October , if
the Weather is mild.

XXXIX. The Vitalities , Specification , T repara-
tions and Virtues , are the fame with thofe of the
Chmegilliflower in Chap. 159. from Sect. 9. to Sect.
20. to which I refer you; but thefe wanting that
wonderful deep Red , cannot give fo admirable a
Tinfture to a Syrup, as the C/ovegil/iflower can do,
and therefore (tho’ full as Cordial, yet) are lefs ufed
in Phyfick.

XL. Nota. It is laid by our Moderns, that none
of thefe Flowers were in the leall known to the An-
cients, and yet fome will have them to be the Can-
tabrian P/im 7, others to be the Ipbium Theophrafti ,
mentioned in Lib. 6. Cap. 6. and 7. among his Gar-
den and Summer Flowers ; others to be his Dios Au-
thor, or Flos Jovis, mentioned in the former and 0-
tlier places ; we will not determine the Controver-
iie, but leave every one to his Conje&ures.

GLADDON Stinking. See FLOWER-
D E L U C E Wild Chap. 294.
GLADIOLUS. See CORN-FLAG Chap. iJ4.

CHAP. CCCXIX.

Of G O A T S-B EARD,

0 R,

N O O N-F LOWER.

I.'T' H E Karnes. It is called in Greek T&yudyv,

X *1 T y.ymyiv, in Latin Tragopogon , Barba
Un ci, Barbu/a Min i, alfo Tiegrmmyuv, Barba Sends,
in Eng/ijh Goats-Beari, Koon-F/omer , Noon-Tide,
Jofephs Flower, and Star of Jerufalem.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral Kinds hereof,
vis. 1. Tragopogon luteum , Garden Yellow Goats-
Beard. 2. Tragopogon purpureum. Purple Goats-
Beard. 3. Tragopogon luteum angujlifolium. Com-
mon Goats-Beard with narrow Leaves. 4. Trago-
pogon Flore cdtruleo. Blew Goats-Beard. 7. Trago-
pogon Apu him fuavc rube ns, Tragopogon Amcrica-
ntm , American or Rofe colored Goats-Beard. There
are five or fix other Kinds , but not being found
growing in our Country, or in our Gardens, nor in
any of our American Plantations, we lhall here pals
them by.

Hi. The Defcriptions. The fir ft, or Garden Yel-
low Goats-Beard, has a Root which is long and. round,
fomewhat like unto a Parfnep, but far f mailer, black-
ijh on the out fide and while within, which being bro-
ken yields a milky Juice , as all the reft of the Plant
does, and of a very good and pleafant tafie-, from
which Root riles up a Stalk , or Stalks , of two or
three Feet high, fmootlt and hollow, bearing many
long and narrow Leaves, broader at the bottom, and
ibarper at the end , with a ridge down the back of
the Leaf, and of a pale green color ; the higher
thefe Leaves grow on the Stalks, the Imaller and
fhorter they are , and at the tops on every Branch
grows a great double yellow Flower, like almoft to
the Flower of a Dandelion, which turns into a head,

ftored with Down, and long whitilh Seed therein
having on the head of every one fome part of tire
Down, which (if aeglefted) is carried away with
the Wind.

Goats-Beard Telloty.

IV. The fecond, or Purple Goats-Beard, hat a
Root which is long andftngle, ( much like to the for-
mer) with fome few Threads thereto adjoining, which
perifbes when it hat perfetted its Seed , yielding a
great quantity of a milky Juice when it i s cut or bro-
ken, m does all the rejl of the P lant • from whence
rifes a hollow Stalk, or Stalks, fmooth, and of a
whitilh green color, which fpreads it felf out into
other Branches, on which Stalks and Branches do
grow long Leaves, crelfed down the middle with a
fwelling Rib, and fharp pointed, yielding a milky
Juice when it is broken, and are in lhape like thole
of Gar lick ; from the bottom of which Leaves finall
tender Stalks fpring forth, fet with the like Leaves,
but lefler ; the Flowers grow at the tops of the
Stalks , confiding of a number of Purple Leaves,
dallied over, as it were, with a little yellow dull,
let about with nine or ten fharp pointed green
Leaves; the whole Flower rdembles a Star when
it is fpread abroad , for it fhuts its felf at Twelve
of the Clock, and fhews not its open face until the
next days Sun doth make it fpread its felf, or open
again, for which reafon it was called Noon-Flower,
and by fome go to Bed at Noon: when thefe Flow-
ers are come to their full maturity, they grow into a
Downy Head , like thofe of Dandelion , which is
carried away with the Wind; the Seed is long, ha-
ving at its upper end fome fmall portion of that
downy matter faftned to it.

V- The third, or Common Goats-Beard with nar-
row Leaves, is very much like to the firft Yellow
Kind, it hits a thick Root full of a milky Sap, front
which rifes up many Leaves fpread upon the Ground,
very long, narrow, thin, and like unto thofe n/' Grals,
/uz>ing, that they are thicker and gruffer-, from a-
mong which rife up tender Stalks , in the tops of
I i i 2 which

4^0

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

W . : uaiAi :air double veiiow E lowers, like to

tlu: tirft aloie dcl'cribed, but letter ^ the whole Plant
yields a. milky Juice, as the others do-, it perifhes
a; lb as the others do, after it has perfected its Seed *
indeed it is very much like to the former Tellow
Km. I, but that it, is not fo great, nor rifes fo high,
has much narrower Leaves, even like to Grafs, and
almoft as long, but not fo manifold, the E lower on-
ly differing in its magnitude, as alorefaid.

VI. The fourth , or Blew Goats-Beard, has a Root
which k long, and not very great, pcrifhing at fan
m it hat horn Seed, /fringing up ogam oj the jailing
Seed, and fo remaining green all Winter, and flow-
er 'irtg the next Tear following. From this Root riles
up a Stalk greater and ftronger than that of Scorzo-
ncra or Vipers-Grafs, it is repleniihed with long,
narrow, and fomewhat hollow, whitifh green Leaves,
with a white Line down the middle of every one ,
on the upper fide; at the top of the Stalk grows
a great long Head or Husk, compofed of nine or ten
long narrow Leaves , the fharp points or ends . of
which rile up above the Flower in the middle, which
is thick and double, fomewhat broad and large fpread,
of a blewifh Afh Color, with fome whitifh Threads
among them , (hutting or clofing it felf within the
green Husk every day at Noon, (for fo long, time
as the Flowers continue) and not opening again un-
til the next Morning; after the Flower is paft, the
Head or Husk, the Seed being neat ripe, opens it
fel K the long Leaves thereof, which doled not be-
fore now, falling down round about the Stalk, and
filewing the Seed, handing at the firft clofe together,
and the Down at the top of them, but after a while
it fpreads it felf round, and if not gathered, will be
carried away with the Wind ; the Seed is long ,
round, and rough, like the Seed of Vipers-Grafs,
but greater and blacker.

VII. The fifth, or American, or Rofe colored
Goats-Beard, ha y a Root which is long and fender ,
and is the fmallcfi Root of all the Goats-Beards, white
downwards, and fomewhat hard, but more reddijh at
the top, which fends forth many long and narrow
Leaves, like unto Grafs , with a white Line in the
middle of them, fmooth and foft if you ltroak them
upwards , but as rough as Barley Leaves, ltroaking
them downwards, and broadelt at their joining to
the Stalk; the Stalk is about two Feet high, fcarce-
ly dividing it felf into any Branches, but. bears at
the top one great and large head, (which is great in
reipett to the Plant) patted into eight long Leaves
or Beards, in the middle of which is the Flower,
coniifting of ten or twelve Leaves, of a pale pur-
ple, or rather of a hlufh color, near unto a Damask
Rofe , having feveral blackifh blew Threads in the
middle, with a mealy duft upon them, which being
palt, the Head or Husk grows fomewhat narrow,with
a long Neck, containing within it the Seed, which
is nor fafhioned into a round Globe like form, with
Down ar the heads of the feveral Seeds, as in all the
former , hut it has five longer and greater Seeds on
the outfide, with little or no Down at the ends, of
them, and fome leffer Seeds in the middle, which
h ve a little Down on their heads, being yellowifh
and fmooth, but the leaf! of all others.

VIII. An Obfervation. Thefe Goats-Beards are
very like to the Scorzonerds , or Vipers-Grajfes, in
their outward form and manner of growing , and
therefore are Species cjufdem generis, but the Tra-
gopogon, or Goats-Beard, is the Genus or Standard,
and the Scorzonerds are Species of the General Kind,
but herein they chiefly differ, that whereas all the
forts of Tragcpogon's are Annual Plants , peddling
every Year, after they have born their Seed; it is
certain that all the forts of Scorzmra’s are Perenni-

al Plants, enduring after Seed time for many Years,
as in their proper place we (hall hereafter at large
declare.

IX. 1 he Places. The firft and third grow in Gar-
dens with us, but are alio found wild in many pla-
ces of this Land, Gerard, fays they grow in Mea-
dows and Fertile Paftures in molt places of England ,
they grow plentifully in molt of the Fields about
London , as at Iflington , and in the Meadows by
Redtiff, lheptford, and Putney, and in divers other
places ; the third is found in Meadows (as aforefaid)
about London , and many other places of the King-
dom , but not fo plentifully as the firlt Kind ; the
fecond, or Purple Kind, came to us from Italy,
where it is faid to grow wild ; it has alfo been found
growing wild in fome parts of Lancajhire , on the
Banks of the River Cha/der , near to the Houfe for-
merly the Lady Heakiths, two Miles from Whaley,
but it is now Sown in Gardens almoft every where,
for the beauty of the Flowers ; the fourth, or Blew
Kind, came to us alfo. out of Italy , where it is fup-
pofed to grow wild, but with us is only nurft up in
Gardens, for its pleafant Flowers ; the fifth Kind is
found growing on the Hills in Naples, as Columna
reports , and I have found it growing wild in feve-
ral parts of Florida , but with us in England it i«
purely a Garden Plant.

X. T he Times. They all of them Flower from
the latter end of May thro’ all June and July, and
the Seed comes to perfection in the mean time, be-
ing ripe in July and Aitguft.

XL The Qualities. Goats-Beard is temperate in
refpefl of heat or cold, drinefs or moifture, a little
Aftringent, Stomatick, Hepatick , Alexipharmick, and
Analeptick.

XII. The Specification. They are all Reftoratives
in Confumptions, and expel Gravel from the Reins
and Bladder.

XIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, I. The boiled Roo s, or Roots raw. 1. ADe-'
coOion. 3. A diJUUed Water from the Root. 4.
Sanguis, or Blood of the Root , there being no other
part of the Plant tiled.

The Virtues.

XIV. The Root it felf. The Roots of any of the
Kinds being boiled , but more efpecially of the firft
Yellow Kind, and of the third alfo, and dreffed as
Parfneps, are much more delicate and pleafant to
the Talte in eating, they comfort the Stomach, are
good againft Heart-burnings, ftrengthen the whole
Body, and reftore in Confumptions; the Roots of
the Yellow Kind are many times eaten raw, as a Sal-
let, being fliced , and fo eaten with Pepper , Salt ,
and Vinegar, by which means the Stomach is alfo
Strengthened, and they are reftored which are going
into a Confumption, or are become Spare and Lean
by long Sicknefs ; the Yellow Kinds are chiefly ufed
as Parfneps, and for Salleting; the other Kinds are
not altogether fo fit for that purpofe, being more
bitter, aftringent, and abfteifive, having a more clean-
fmg and binding quality than the others have, and
therefore are moftly ufed in a Medicinal way ; the
Yellow Kinds make a pleafant Difh of Food, far fur-
pafling tfle Parfnep.

XV. The Dccoffion. It is good againft the pain
of the Stomach, and to expel the malignity of the
Plague, and all forts of Peftiiential Difeafes ; itpre-
vails againft Heartburnings, and a dejeUed Appetite,
inciting and flirting it up; and it is good alfo a-
gainlf Affefls of the Breaft, Liver, Reins, Ureters
and Bladder, expelling Sand, Gravel, Stones, and
Tartarous Matter from tliofe parts, for which reafon
the Italians call it Sajfi Erica, Break-Stone.

Chap. 2 20. "Englijh Herbs.

429

XVI. The Tift i l led Water. Tragus fays it is the
moft prefent Reim ly that is? to help or break inward
•Vpoftems, and to give Relief in the Pleurifie, and
other Pains and Stitches in the Sides, to help the
Heartburn , ftrengthen the Stomach , and Itir up
Appetite

XVII. Sanguis , or, The B/ood of the Roots. It is
made as that of Satyrion , Parfnep , Comfrey , Cj c.
and has all the Virtues of the boiled Root, Deco-
8:ion, or Diftilled Watery it is indeed a moft excel-
lent thing to reftore fuch as are in deep Confumpti-
ons, being conftantly taken Morning, Noon, and
Night, for fome confiderable time, with Milk vyarm
from the Cow, and fometimes with a Glafs of Ge-
nerous Wine.

CHAP. CCCXX.

Of GOAT S-R U E,

0 R,

GOAT S~H E R B.

I. H E Karnes. It is an Herb which was un-
.1 known to the Greeks , but is called by the
Latins Galega , and Rut a Capraria , fome have eno-
nioully called it Gralega , and Fracaftonus called it
Herb a Gallica , and fome only Capraria , (from the
Goats eating it) fome call it Thorina , or Taurina ,
Sarracena , and Capragina , alio Giarga , as BraJJavo-
lus faith, and by us in Englifh Goats-Ruc.

II. The Kinds. There are two Kinds of this
Plant, viz. 1. Galega vulgaris , Rut a Capraria vul-
garis , Our Common Goats-Rue. 2. Galega Mon-
tana Dalechampij Lugdunenfis , Mountain Goats-
Rue.

III. The Oefcriptions. The firft , or Common
Go.rs -Rue, has a Root which is white and Woody ^

fpreadihg well in the Ground , and abiding fever‘d
Years • from this Root come forth many round hard
Stalks, four or five Feet high , on which grow one
above another at feveral Joints, long winged Leaves,
viz. many fmaller Leaves fet on each fide of a mid-
dle Rib, which Leaves are fmall, yet fomewhat
broad and long, and fharp pointed at the ends, and
fmooth on the edges, without any dents, fomething
like unto the Leaves of Vetches or Tares , and of a
faint green color ^ at the tops of the Stalks ftand
many fmall Leguminous Flowers, one above another,
of a pale blewilh purple color, and in fome Plants
purely white, which being pall away , fmall round
Pods or Cods come in their places, about an Inch
and half long , a little bunched out in fome places,
but nothing fo much as the Or ohm , or Bitter Vetch ,
in which lye three, four, or five pale Seeds, like
unto thofe of the Vetch or Tare.

IV. The fecond , or Mountain Kind, has a Root
which is Jomewhat great and blacky fending forth ve-
ry long Strings , whereby it Roots its felj deep in the
Ground •, from which feveral round hard Stalks llioot
forth, but nothing fo high as the former, on which
grow fuch like winged Leaves at every Joint, but
broader, and thicker fet together, fmooth alfo on the
edges, but having the middle Rib of every Leaf rai-
led up a little high ; at the tops of the Stalks ftand
divers fuch like Flowers as the former, but all on one
fide, of a pale color, tending to yellow, which after-
wards yield fmall long blackilh Pods, in which lye
fmall hatifii Seed, like to Lentils. '

V. The Places. The firft grows commonly wild
by the Way fides of moift Helds and Meadows in
Italy , Savoy , and other Southern Climates ^ it is al-
fo found growing wild in England , as in the Mea-
dows by Linton in Cambridgfhire : the fecond grows
on the tops of Mountains , where any Planes are
found ; and I am informed by a very good Botanift,
that he has met with it upon fome of the Mountains
in Wales.

VI. The Times. They Flowet about the latter
end of June , and thro’ all July , and the Seed is
ripe in Auguft.

VII. The Qualities. It is temperate in refpeff of
heat and cold, drinefs and moifture^ it is Aperitive,
Abfterfive, and Carminative, Cephalick, Neurotick,
Stomatick , and Cardiack , Sudorifick , and Alex,i-
pharmick.

VIII. The Specification. It cures all forts of Poy-*
fons, whether inwardly taken, or outwardly recei-
ved, by the Bitings of Serpents , as Vipers, Rattle-
Snakes, or other venomous Creatures •, or imprefted
by Contagion, as that of the Plague, Spotted Fever,
or any other kind of Peftilential Diltemper.

IX. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
1. A Salle t of the Herb. 1. A Liquid Juice. 3.
An E (fence. 4. An Infufion or Decotlion in Wine or
Water. 5. An Eleftuary. 6. A Cataplafm. 7. A
Diftil/ed Water. 8. An Acid Tinllure. 9. An Oily
Tinflure. 10. A Spirituous Tintture.

The Virtues .

X. The Sallet. The Herb it felf is eaten, being
boiled with Fleib, as we ufe to boil and eat Cabbage
and Coleworts \ it is alfo eaten as boiled Spinage , and
other Sallets, with Pepper, Salt, Vinegar and Oil •,
and being fo eaten, it is faid to be excellent againft
all forts of Poyfons, and the malignity or inlecfion
of the Plague or Peftilence, or the Bitings of venom-
ous Creatures, Cfc.

XL The Liquid Juice. It is effectual againft the
Biting of Vipers , Rattle-Snakes, or other^ Serpents,
Bitings of Mad Dogs, the Stinging of Scorpions,

or

IIM?

in

■ l j

t '{

or the Poyfon of other venomous Creatures; it is
alfo effectual againft Vegetable Poyfons, asalfo the
malignity of the Plagne, or Peftilenceit felt, and
the infection of other Peliilential or Contagious Dif-
eafes, as Purples, Mealies, Small Pox, Spotted Fe-
ver, and Calenture; againft all thefe Difeafes it is
admirable , lor it both preferves Horn the infeftion,
and perfectly cures fuch as are infected ; Dole two
ot three Spoonfuls every Morning falling in a Glafs
of Generous Wine, and as much at Night going to
Bed, by way of prevention ; buy for Cure, it ought
to be given in Angelica Water, in the fumy, or lar-
ger Dofe, according to the Age and Condition of the
Patient, and to be repeated as often as the exigency
or vehemency of the Difeafe requires. This Juice
given alfo in a Morning falling, kills Worms in
Children, or Elder People, and cures the Falling-
Sicknefs if given before ir grows too old and ftrong
upon the Patient: when it is given in the Plague,
(S’c. BitingsofMad Dogs, Vipers, (ffc. the Patients
ought to be in their Naked Bed, and made to Sweat
thereupon for two or three Hours or more together.

XII. The Effence. it has all the Virtues of the
Liquid Juice, ’but acts more f'peedily and powerful-
ly, it expels the Poyfon and Malignity by Perora-
tion, and lo defends the Heart and Vital Powers;
it is an extraordinary thing to cleanfe, dry, and heal
green Wounds, as a'lfo old and running Ulcers, pu-
trid Sores, and virulent Fiftula’s, deftroying the ma-
lignity, hindring their eating and fpreading, and de-
tending the Principal Parts and Vital Powers from
danger; iris a lingular good Cordial, fuppreffes
Vapors, refills Melancholy, is good againft Trem-
blings and Convulfions , prevails againft Swooning
b its, revives the Spirits, and cheats the Heart, pre-
facing it from Palpitations, and other illnefTes which
opprels it, Dofe one or two Spoonfuls in a Glafs of
Canary, or other fit Vehicle.

XIII. The lnfufion or DccoSion in Wine or Water.
Either of them may be given in all the Cafes in which
the Juice or Effence are given in, but as they are
much weaker in their Effects, fo they mull be given
in much greater Dofe, as from a Quarter of a Pint
to Half a Pint, and alfo to be oftener repeated, as the
neceffity may require.

XIV. The Electuary. Take Tender of Goats-Ruc
four Ounces, Z chary in Voider , Contra-yerva,Vir-

mitt Snake-root , all in fine Voider , of each one Ounce ,
'Saffron, Cochenele, of each two Drams, Rob of Goats-
Ruc twenty Ounces , mix and make an ElcSuary. It
is good againft all forts of Poyfons, both Vegetable
and Animal, as alfo againft the Plague, and all other
ini'eftious Difeafes, and has indeed all the Virtues
of the Liquid Effence and Juice ; Dofe from one
Dram to two Drams, in any proper Vehicle.

XV. The Cataplafm. It is made of the bruifed
Herb, fryed or made hot with Vinegar, and then
brought to a confidence with Mithridate and Pouder
of Bay Berries, adding alfo a little Aloes in fine
Ponder ; applied to the Region of the Heart, it is
good againlt the infe&ion of the Plague, and other
malign Difeafes ; applied to the Navel, and over
the whole Abdomen, it eafes the Cholick, and. is
very effectual to kill Worms in Children ; applied
ro, and bound pretty hard upon the Pulfes ot the
Wrills, it is good againft remitting Fevers, and cures
Agues of all forts, hindring their return; applied to
putrid and malign Ulcers, it cleanfes them, deltroys
the malignity, Hops the fiux of Humors, dries them,
and in a very great meafure induces their healing ;
applied to Gangreens it ltops their proceeding.

XVI. The Diftilled Water. It has the Virtues of
the Juice and Effence, but in a much lower degree,
and therefore mutt be given in a much larger Dofe;
however it is ufcd as a Vehiculum to convey the for-

mer Preparation in, where the Phvfician (hall judge
Wine to be too hot ; to nice and delicate Palates the
Diftilled Water is oftner given than cither Juice or
Effence.

XVII. The Acid TinSttre. It has all the Virtues
of the Juice and Effence, whether inwardly taken, or
outwardly applied ; it is a- Specifick againft the
Plague, as alfo againft all other Malign and Peltilen-
tial Dileafes, and cures the mod violent burning Fe-
vers in a very fhort time, taking away the violence
of their burning heat in the fpace of an Hour, Dole
fo many drops as to make the Vehicle pleafantly
fhaip , and to be given in all that the Patient
drinks.

XVIII. The Oily Tintfure. It is good againft tile
Bitings of Venomous Creatures , being taken from
ten to twenty drops in any proper Vehicle ; it is al-
fq good againft Convulfions, Palfies, Lamenefs,
Numbednefs, Tremblings, weaknefs of the extream
parts, Gripings of the Bowels, Wind, Stone, Gra-
vel , Sand , and Tartatous Matter obftrufling the
Urinary parts,, as alfo againft the Colick, Gout in
Hands, Arms, Hips, Knees, or Feet, being inward-
ly taken, and outwardly applied to the parts affeCt-
ed, as the Skilful Phyfician iliall direct ; in the Pal-
fie, befides giving it inwardly, and applying it to
the afflicted parts, it ought alfo to he anointed upon
the Back Bone every Morning and Evening.

XIX. The Spirituous TinSttre. It has all the
Virtues of the Juice, Effence, and Electuary, and
as it is finer and more Spirituous, fo it is more fub-
til and penetrating, and when dulcified with double
refined Sugar, more pleafant to be taken, and a more
delicate Cordial , and therefore more fit to be given
to the more curious and nice Palates ; it may be ta-
ken a Spoonful or more at a time, (as you may fee
convenient) either alone by it felf, or mixt with
fome other Vehicle, as Canary , White Lisbon, or
other like Generous Wines ; it is indeed an excellent
thing againft Sicknefs at Heart, as alfo againft Faint-
ing and Swooning Fits ; it is indeed good againft
all cold and moift Difeafes of the Head, Brain,
Nerves, Joints, Bowels, Reins, and Womb; it re-
ctifies and enlivens the depauperated Juices, revives
the Spirits, tho’ never 1b much oppreft, and gives
relief in the molt profound Melancholy ; it is good
againft a Vertigo , and Megrim , and is excellent a-
gainlt a Coma, Cams, and Lethargy, or where the
Patient is inclined to Sleepinefs and Drowfinefs-, and
if it is given with a few drops of the Add Tincture,
ir repreffes Vapors, and effectually cures Fits of the
Mother.

CHAP. CCCXXI.

Of GOATS - STONES,

o R,

HARES-STONES.

I. /“jp H E Names. This. Plant is called in Greek,

Na....-.' _ .... ,

: in Latin, 'Tragorchis , 'I'efticulus

Min inas, Scincophora, and Orchis fauroA.cs : in Eng-
lijh, Goats-ftones, and Hares ft ones.

" II. The 'Kinds. There are two principal kinds
hereof, viz. r . Tragorchis max, Tejiieu/us Hi rein us
max, Scincophora max. The Male Goats-ftones. 2.
Tragorchis feemina , Scincophora feemina, The Female
Goats-ftones. Thefe Orchides are thus named, not

only

only becaufe they have a foul ftrong Scent, like that
of the Goat, but alfo rhat molt of them have long
Tails, like Beards, hanging down from them.

^ III. Of the Male kind , which is the Greater
Goat s-fl ones, there are two Species, viz. i. Tra-
gorchk ma* maxima , The greateft Male Goats-flones.
2. Tragorchis mas tnagna , Tragorcbis vulgaris mag-
na , The common great Goats-ftor.es.

_ IV. Of the Female kind , which is the Lejfer
Goat s-fl ones , there are three Species, vis. i. Tra-
gorcbis fcemina minor , Tragorcbis minor verior ,
The true leffer Goats-ftones. 2. Tragorcbis Bata-
vica Clufii , Tragorcbis minor Batavica , The Dutch
Goats-ftones, or Hares-ltones. 5. Tragorcbis minor
Aujlriaca , Tragorcbis altera purpurea , Auftrian
Goats-ftones, Goats-ftones with purple Flowers.

^ V. The Defcriptions. Tbe firft , Greateft Male

Goats-ftones, /jar Raa/r confifting of two Teftic/es ,
like / 0 other Orchides, but greater , from whence rife
up Leaves , /w'fig #/><?/? //;^ Ground , which are broad ,
and ribbed in fame fort like to our Plantane,
but fomewhat fhorter. From among thefe Leaves
grows up a Stalk, about half a yard high, let with
fuch like great Leaves, but growing a little narrow-
er as they grow higher* growing up even to the top
of the Stalk by equal Diftances. The Bufh of Flow-
ers grows at top of the Stalk in Spike-fafhion : the
Flowers are fmall and fiat, open, and wholly of a
purple color, let in a Row, and in an excellent Or-
der •, each Flower has a long crooked Thread or
String proceeding from its middle part, and hanging
down, which twine themfelves one in another, like
to the fmall Tendrils of the Vine , or rather the
Laces or Strings which grow upon the Herb Savory :
both the Hood and the Tail are fpotted, and have a
ftrong Scent.

Great Common Goats-flones.

VI. t 'be fecond , or Common great Goats-ftones,
has a double tuberous or tefiiculous Root, like the for-

mer t J^vmg that the lc /rides are fame thing lefs •
from whence jpring up Leaves , like to thofe of the
Garden Lilly, with a Stalk a Foot or more long,
wrapped about, even to the 'Tuft of tbe Flowers with
tl ofe kinds oj Leaves : the Flovyers which grow in
this Bulh, Ihoot forth in a Spike Form, and are ve-
ry fmall, in Form like to a Lizard, becaufe of the
twilled or writhen Tails, and fpotted Fleads. Eve-
ry one of thele linall Flowers is at iirft like a roui d
dole Husk, of the Bignefs of j Pea * which, when
it opens, there comes out of it a little, long and
tender Spur or Tail, white towards the ferting of i:
to the Flower ^ the reft fpotted with red Dallies,
having upon each fide a linall thing adjoining turo
it, like to a Leg or Foot : tbe reft of the laid Tad
is twilled crookedly about, and hangs downwards.
The Leaves of this fort are indeed longer and nar-
rower than the former * the Flowers are fmaller,
whiter, and fpotted with reddilh Spots, and the
Tails are more twining. The .whole Plant is as
ftrong as the firft, and has a rank, ltinking Smell
or Savor, like the Smell of a Goar, from whence
this, as well as the former and all the following,
have derived their Names.

VII. Tbe third , or True lefter Goats-ftones, has
its Root or Tefiicles much lefs than either of the for-
mer, with fever al narrower and long Leaves ( a little
ribbed ) rifting from the fame , which do as it were
enclofe a Jingle Stalk, which is alfo enclofed about
with like bur fmaller Leaves, to the beginning of the
f piked Head of Flowers. Thefe Leaves are much
lefs than thofe of the two firft delcribed, and the
Flowers are without Spurs or Tails, and fomewhat
like in Shape to thofe Infefts called Sows or Wood
Lice for their Proportion * and they are fomewhat of
abrownifh color. Gerard fays. That the blowers
much refemble our common Flem Flies. The Smell
of the whole Plant does much more rdemble the
rank Smell of a Goat, than any of the other
kinds.

VIII. The

o

Salmon j- Herbal* Lib. 1.

Vill. Tlx fourth, or Dutch Goats-ftones, is a
very [mail Plant, not much above a Span long or in
Heieht, having a fmall tejhculous Root, like the laji .
from which riles up a Stalk eight or nine Inches
hH, having three or four Leaves encompaffing it.
T^’top of the Stalk ends in a fmall fpiked Head
oL i- lowers, of a fine purplilh red color on the m-
i-iie, and paler without, having a Belly or Lip
hanging down, which is terminated in three lnort
and equal parts.

IX? The fifth, or Aultrian Goats-ftones, has like
all the former, a tefticulous Root, which fends forth
Lillv like Leaves, of a pale green color, with fome
/ m. flier about the Stalk, which is about a Span high:
towards tire top it has a fpiked Head of Flowers,
which are either of a whitilh or pale color, with-
out any Spots, or elfe purple , with fome purple
Leaves under them, each ot which is hooded and
eared with a hanging Belly, notched as it were at
the bottom. The whole Plant fmells of a rank
Goat like Smell, for which Reafon it is brought
into the Claffis or Rank with the four former.

X. The Places. All the forts grow chiefly in fat
Clay Grounds, and are feldom to be found in any
other Soil. The fourth has been found not only in
England, but alfo in Holland, about the Hague ■ as
all'o in other Parts, about their Sea-Coafts. The
la If is a Native of Auftna, and not to be found with
us except in Gardens of the molt exaa Flonfts.

XI. The 'Times. They flower in May and June,
when other kinds of Orchides flower.

Xll The Qualities, Specification^ reparations and
Virtues ate the fame with the Cynoforchides or
Dogs-Jiones in Chap. 226. aforegoing, fo that no
more need be faid thereof in this place : but Lug-
dune nfis from Dodo nea r fays , That the Roots or
thefe Orchides are preferable to all others.

CHAP. CCCXXII.

Of GOLD-LOCKS,

divers fmall Sprigs, with lmallerand Ihorter Leaves
thereon than on rhofe below, and bearing round
Heads of Flowers , compofed of Gold-yellow
Threads, fifing from the middle of a few green
Leaves, which are as a Husk to each of them, and
abiding a long time in Flower, and alfo in their full
Beauty ; but Columna fays thefe Flowers laft not
full out a Month, at the end of which time, fading,
they turn into Down, which, with the fmall yellow
Seed, of a greyifh color, flies away with the Wind.
The Stalks die and perilh yearly, and new ones rifs
up again in the Spring.

T rite Gold-locks of Diofcorides.

0 R,

G O L D E N--TU-F T S.

I . T"' H E Karnes. It is called in Greek, x? uamiims :

| in Latin, Chryfoeome, and Coma aurea and
in Englijh, Gold-Jocks, ot Golden-tufts.

II. The Kinds. Authors make feveral forts here-
of, but the following three are duet viz. 1. Chry-
focome venor , Loma aurea. Diojcondis , The true
Gold-locks of Diofcorides. 2. Chryfoeome lutea
Coma aurea, C? Amaranthus luteus Cob e hi & Cuchjii ,
Yellow Tufts, or Caflidony. 3. Chryfoeome peregri-
ne J'ccunda Clufti, Chryfoeome Cretica altera. Wild
Gold-tufts. The firft of thefe is doubtlefs the True
Chryfoeome of Diofcorides and Pliny -, but is called
by feveral other Names by later Authors, as, Lina-
ria aurea Tragi, Linaria aujiriaca Camerarii, Ofyris
aufiriacu Clufii, Linofyris nuperorum Lobelii, &c.

III. The Delcriptlons. The firfi, or True Gold-
locks of Diofcorides, has a Root which is hard and
woody, at its Head footing forth many blackijh Fi-
bres into the Ground. From this Root fpring forth
many hard round Stalks, half a Tard high, fomewhat
thick fet, but unorderly, with narrow , long , green
1, caves up to the tops , where they branch forth into

IV. T hefecond, orYellowTufts,cnCa(lidony,foy
a fmall and black Root, with fome Fibres adjoining to
it ; from which fpring up one or more Stalks, eight or
nine Inches in Height, Jpread out into feveral hoary
Branches, with long and narrow whitijh Leaves,
difperfedly growing thereon, up to their tops, where
the Flowers appear in Urnb/cs, each Branch bearing
a large Tuft of fcaly, yellow Flowers, like a loofe
or fparfed l] ruble, keeping their color long before
they wither ; and being gathered in a fit dry time,
when they are in their Perfeflion, will fo abide, and
be kept a long time after. The Seed is red, fmaller
than that of Marjoram, and lharper. The whole
Plant is of a llrong fweet Smell, and very plea-
far, t.

V. The third, or Wild Gold-tufts, has a long,
fmall, J. lender Root, black and woody, with a pretty-
many Fibres adjoining thereto ; from whence fprings
up fometimes but one Stalk, and fometimes more ,
growing up to be about half a Tard high, covered over
with an hoary Down , having feveral long and narrow
Leaves on them, fometimes difperfedly fet, and
fometimes more near together, green on the upper
fide, and hoary underneath ; at the tops grow (mail
Branches, hearing one or two fcaly long Heads of
yellow Flowers, fomewhat like to thofe of Maudlin,
and conlifting of many Threads or Thrums. The

woolly

Chap. 323. 'Englijh Herbs. 433

woolly Leaf of this Plant refembles Gnaphalium
vulgar c , but that it is fomewhat broader in the mid-
dle. The Flowers grow cluttering together upon
the tops of the Branches, of a yellow color, and al-
mott like thofe of Maudlin, as aforefaid.

VI. Note 1 ■ Thefe Plants are known alfo by the
Name of Golden flower Gentle ; and by reafon of
the long continuance of its Flower in Perfe&ion,
they are alfo called ( but more efpecially the firft
and fecond, ) Tel low Ever la fling, and Flower Ever-
la fling, alfo Flower Never-fading , becaufe it fcarce-
ly feems to die.

VII. Note 2. Johnfon upon Gerard has another
fort of our fecond kind, having a long /lender Root,
very full of fmall Fibres : from the Head of which
Root fpring forth three, four , or more Stalks, a Foot
or more in Height, which are all of them (almofl up
to the tops ) very well replenifhed with long, white,
downy Leaves, like the former, faving that they are
fomewhat broader. The Flowers are longer, but in
larger Umbles , every ways greater, and feem to be
of a more fhining Gold color. Thefe Flowers being
gathered alfo in their Beauty and rerfeUion, will be
of cis long Continuance, and carry their Glory to as
late a Date as thofe at Sett. 4. aforegoing. Whether
this be any differing Species from that fecond kind
aforementioned, I can hardly determine, they being
fo very much like one another, and feem to me to
differ chietty in their Magnitude, which may proba-
bly be from the differing Goodnefs of the Soil in
which they may be found growing ^ which felf-fame
Difference (from the fame Reafon) may be obfer-
ved in many other Plants, which Authors will never
admit to be various Species or Kinds of the fame
Plant.

VIII. The Places. They grow in moft untilled
places of Greece, Spain and Italy •, in Meadows
where the Soil is barren ^ as alfo about the Banks
of Rivers. The- firft grows not only in Greece and

Italy, but alfo in leveral places of Germany, in moift’
fandy Borders of unmanured Fields, as Tragus fays
They are all Strangers in England, and only grow
with us in Gardens, being nurtt up by the Curious.
The fecond and fourth grow in . Candy and Spain.
The third Clufius found in Spain and Portugal, and
Label about Montpelier in France.

IX. The Times. Tho’ thefe Plants in their native
Countries may flower earlier than in our colder
Climes, as in April or May -, with us in our Gar-
dens they flower much later, viz. not till July and
Augufl, and fometimes later ftill.

X. Tfje Qualities. They are hot and dry in the
latter end of the fecond Degree, or beginning of the
third ^ are both Aperitive and Aftringent $ Pe&oral,
Hyfterick and, Nephritick, and alfo Alexiphar-
mick.

XI. The Specification. They provoke the Terms,
and force away the After-birth •, refift Poyfon, and
prevail againft Convulfions.

XII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. The Herb it felf 2. A DecoSion of the
Herb and Flowers in Wine. 3. A Ponder of the
dried Flowers. 4. A Bath of the Herb and Flowers.

The Virtues.

XIII. The Herb it felf. It is ufed to be laid in
Chefts and Wardrobes, to preferve Garments from
Moths and Worms.

XIV. The DecoSion 0 f the Herb and Flowers in
Wine. Being drunk to ffx or eight Ounces once or
twice a day, it is faid to expel all forts of Poyfons,
help Cramps, Convulfions and Ruptures, diffolve
congealed Blood in the Thorax and Bowels , pro-
voke the Terms in Women, and expel the After-
birth.

XV. The Pouder of the Flowers. It may be given
to two Drams in any convenient Vehicle, as in the
Tin&ure of Catechu made in Water, or in Red Port
Wine, or in a Mixture of Wine and Water. This
being taken firft in the Morning faffing, and laft at
Night going to Bed, it thickens a thin Rheum, pre-
vails againft Coughs and Colds, and flops Catarrhs,
or Diftillations of Rheum down the Throat, which
fometimes is faid to fall upon the Lungs.

XVI- The Bath made of the Herb and Flowers,
either in Water or Wine. It is good to fit over the
warm Fumes thereof, for fo it opens Obftruff ions of
the Womb, and eafes Pains thereof : it gives eafe
alfo in the Piles, caufing them to be difcuffed : it
eafes them alfo who are affli&ed with Pain in the
Reins •, gives eafe in the Sciatica, and is very eft'e-
£!ual to draw down Vapors, and prevent Fits of the
Mother.

CHAP. CCCXXIII.

Of G O L D E N-R O D.

I. '■»*' H E Names. This is that which is fuppofed
X to be the A muygutlt, P/inii : and is called
in Latin , Virga aurea , ( becaufe the Stalks being
reddilh, make the bulhy tops of Flowers feem as if
they were of a Gold-yellow ; ) and in Englijh it is
called, Golden-Pod.

II. The Kinds. There are three feveral forts of
this Plant, viz. I. Virgo aurea vulgaris , Virgo au-
rea angujhjolia , Our common ordinary Golden Rod,
which is the Virgo aurea Villanovani , and is with

K k k Leaves

Salmon j

Leaves unlnipt or iinooth on the edges: 2. Virga I

a urea joins J err at is Camerariia , Golden-Rod with 1
dented' Leaves. 3. Virga aurea Americana,Go\den-
Rod of America, which is not very much unlike to
the fecond kind.

Common Golden-Rod.

IIT. The Defcriptions. The firfl , or Common
Golden- Rod, has a Root confiJYing of a Bunch of ve-
ry fmall fibres, which run not deep into the Ground,
but abide all the Tear therein. From this Root firing
up fever al fmal, round, brozenijh Stalks, half aTard
or 1 wo Feet high, ( but higher, if it grows in a fat
Soil, or in a Garden well manured ) having upun
them many narrow and long dark green Leaves, ve-
ry leldoin with any dents about the edges, and as
feldom with any Strakes or white Spots upon them ;
and yet lbmetimes, and in Lome places, they are fo
to be found, divided at the tops into lome fmall
Branches, with feveral fmall yellow Flowers on e-
very one of them, which are turned one way, and
not looking fundry ways at once-, which being ripe,
do turn into Down, and are carried away with the
Wind : the old Stalks die away and perifh every
Year, and new ones fpring up every Spring fol-
lowing.

IV. The fecond, or Golden-Rod with dented
Leaves, h.u a Root like the otper, fmall , and com-
pared of many Strings or Threads from which rife
up Stalks, .n m the other , not fo high cut the former,
but full as great. The Leaves are fmall and thin,
but broader and l'horter than thofe of the aforegoing,
fmooth, (harp-pointed, and dented about the edges,
like a Saw, of a hot and harlh Tafte in the Throat,
being chewed in the Mouth } which Leaves grow
upon a lair reddifh Foot-ftalk. The Branches bear
fuch like flowers as the firft, facing one fide of their
Stalks, as the former does. Thele growing at the
tops, are of a Gold-yellow color, from whence the
Piunt took its Name. The Flowers being palled a-
way, the Heads turn into Down, and are carried a-
wav with the Wind, as the other are.

V. The third, or American Golden-Rod, has a
Root not much unlike to the former, compofed of a

'Herbal Lib. 1.

Bunch of Fibres or Strings, which abide under Ground
a! I Winter in the fame manner, looftng all its old
Stalks. From this Root fpring up Leaves as large
as thofe of the laft, before it runs up to Stalk, be-
ing long, but not very broad, yet broadeft in the
middle, and very fharp-pointed at the ends, and a
little dented about the edges, yet not fo much as
the fecond -, they grow upon Foot-ftalks, and are of
a dark green colof. The Stalk or Stalks are a little
hairy, rifing higher than the laft, not above a Foot
and half high at moft, bearing on their various tops
yellow Flowers, of a Gold-yellow color, facing all
on one fide, as the others do j which being palled
away, turn into Downy Heads, and are carried away
with the Wind, as all the others are. This Plant
is fo like to the fecond, that the Figure of that may
very well ferve for this , without afiy confiderable
Error.

Golden-Rod with dented Leaves,

VI. The Places. The firft grows plentifully e-
nough in feveral places of England, in open places
of Woods and Copfes, both in moift and dry
Grounds. It grows plentifully in Hampfled-Wood,
near unto the Gate which leads out of the Wood to
Kentijh-Town , not far from London ■, in a Wood by
Rayleigh in EfJ'ex, near to a Houfe formerly Mr. Le-
onard's, dwelling upon Daws-Heath -, alfo in South-
fleet, and in Swainf comb-Wood near to Gravefend.
The fecond alfo grows in many places of this Land,
but not fo plentifully as the former : it is to be
found in fome places in Hampfted-Wood, but more
fparingly than the former. The laft has been
brought to us from America, but from what parts
of the Continent, is not known. It grows with us
in Gardens.

VII. The Times. The firft flowers later than the
fecond, but they both flower and flourifh in July
and Auguft. The American kind flowers indeed
very late in the Year.

VIII. The Qualities. Golden-Rod is hot and dry
in the fecond Degree j Aperitive, Abfterfive, Aftrin-
gent, Diuretick and Traumatick or Vulnerary,

Neurotick,

3

. j,. Englijl ‘Herbs,

435

Nu-jrotick, Stomutick , Nephritick and Analep-
tick.

IX. The Specification. It is one of the moft no-
ble Wound-Herbs, cures Wounds and Ulcers after
an admirable manner, provokes Urine, prevails a-
gainlt the Scone and Gravel in the Reins and Blad-
der ; Hops Fluxes of Blood in the Lungs, Bowels,
Reins or Womb, and is prevalent in curing all lorts
of Ruptures.

X. The P reparations. You may have therefrom,
r. A Juice. 2. An Ejjencc. ?. A Decoition in
Wine. 4. A Pouder. ;. An Ointment. 6- A Bat-
jam. 7. A Cmplafm.

The Virtues.

XI. The liquid Juice. It is of good Ufe to be
given againft Sand, Gravel, Stone or tartarous Mat-
ter in the Reins, Ureters or Bladder, for it provokes
Urine in abundance, and fo forces away that tarta-
rous Matter which engenders the Stone or Gravel in
the Urinary Parts, and caufes Sand and Gravel to
he voided with the Urine. Dofe from two to four
Spoonfuls, Morning, Noon and Night, in a Glafs
of White Port Wine, or other fit Vehicle.

XII. The Elfence. It has all the Virtues of the
liquid Juice -, it alfo evacuates all raw and tough
vilcous or Hegmatick Humors, carrying them off by
Urine. It is very efteUual againft all inward Bruifes,
as alfo to be outwardly applied to the fame. It
Hops Bleeding in any Part of the Body ; and is an
excellent thing for the Cure of Wounds. It Hops
the overflowing of the Terms in Women, the Flux
of the Whites, and heals the Bowels in a Diurrhaa,
Dyfenteria, Lienteria or Hepatick Flux. It Hops
Catarrhs, and a Flux of Humors falling down upon
any Part of the Body ; and it is prevalent in curing
all forts of Ruptures in Man or Woman, this being
drunk inwardly, and the Cataplafm outwardly ap-
plied. It is one of the moft fovereign of all Wound-
Herbs -, and therefore the Elfence thereof; for the
curing of Wounds inward or outward, will do as
much as any other can : green Wounds, it quickly
cures them ; and old Sores and Ulcers, it digells,
cleanfes, dries, and fpeedily induces their healing ;
drying up. Hopping, or removing that Moifture and
Flux of Humors which hinders their Cure. Dofe
two, three or four Spoonfuls in Wine, or any other
proper Liquor.

XIII. The Decoition in Wine. It is made of ei-
ther green or dried Herb : it has all the Virtues of
the juice and Elfence, faving that it is not fo pow-
erful ; and therefore may be given from four to
eight Ounces, dulcified with a little white Sugar,
und that Morning and Night. It is an excellent
thing to wafli filthy, foul and running Sores or Ul-
cers with ; and makes a good Lotion for Sores and
Ulcers in the Mouth and Throat, or Privy Parts of
Man or Woman : and being often ufed, it is faid to
fallen loole Teeth.

XIV. The Pouder of the Herb. Given to one or
two Drams in Red Wine, it Hops all inward Bleed-
ings •, as alfo all forts of Fluxes of the Bowels.
Strewed upon old, moift Ulcers and running Sores,
it cleanfes and dries them, ttrengthens the Parr, and
if need be, incarnates them, and heals them.

XV. The Ointment. It is made as all other Oint-
ments are made, but before it is quite cold, you are
to mix with every Pound of the Ointment , two
Ounces of the Pouder of the Herb, or an Ounce and
half of Tobacco in fine Pouder. It is a famous V ul-
nerary, curing green Wounds in a very fhort time :
and as for Fittula’s, old and inveterate Ulcers, and
malign running Sores, it brings them (if need be)
to Digeftion, cleanfes, incarnates, dries and heals

them after an admirable manner, and fo ftrengthens
the Part, as to hinder the future Afflux of Humors.
It is nor inferior to any other Vulnerary Oint-
ment.

XVI. The Bolfttm. It his all che Virtues of tire
Ointment, but more powerfully cleanfes and heals :
it ripens Apoftems ; and is effeffual againft Rup-
tures, being externally applied, and renewed as of-
ten as need requires. It is alfo a very excellent
thing to heal Wounds and Ulcers of the Head, being
applied.

XVII. The Cataplafm. It is made of the green
Herb, with fome Pouder, of the fame, and a little
Red Wine. Outwardly applied, it flops Bleeding,
as alfo the Afflux of Humors upon any Part. It
ftrengthens weak Limbs ; and is profitable, being
applied to Ruptures.

CHAP. CCCXXIV.

Of GOLD of PLEASURE,

or, m **

O I L Y~s E E D.

I./Tv HE Names. Ic is called, in Greek ,

1 and pvtlyejuv, alio as Die/cor ides

fays : in Latin , Myagrum, Myagrium and Melam-
pyrum $ and in E/igliJh7 Gold of Rleafure, and Oily*
Seed.

Carden Gold of Fie afire.

Salmon’ s Herbal, Lib. 1.

us two oi theiTi only arc properly called by this
■Name : the third is called, Camelina and Englijh
Wormfecd , and under the Title of Worm feed Eng-
lifh you may meet with it, which is its proper place.
The two which we (hall handle in this Chapter,
are, r. ]\yagrum Sativum, Garden Gold of Pleafure,
and this is laid to be the Myagrum verum Diofcon-
( i/s. 2. M yagrum fylveftre. , Pfeudomyagrum , Wild
Gold of Pleafure, or Wild Oily-feed. There is a
great Contelt in Authors about the Names of thefe
Plants, which is both troublefome and unprofitable
to be read •, and therefore,* being of no Ule to us,

I (hall wholly decline it.

HI. The Defcriptions. Tire firft, or Garden Gold,
has a Root which is fmall and long , periling every
Tear after Seed-time : from this Root rifes up one or
more upright round Stalks , about two feet high , Jet
with feveral long and fomewhat narrow Leaves , of a
itohitfjh green color , and fomething deeply dented a-
bout the edges , or deeply waved , compajfing them at
the bottom. . The Stalk or Stalks are fpread from
f. the middle upwards into feveral Branches, bearing
at their tops very fmall yellow Flowers j which be-
ing, fallen , there fucceed in their places fmall fiat
Seed-Vefftls, containing within them Seed, which,
whflffYu^ is of a Gold-yellow color, fomewhat
long in Sim, fmall, and very fat or oily.

IV. The fecond , or Wild Gold, has a fmall long
Root , with.fome f ibres or Strings adjoining to it -,
from whence Springs up but one Stalk , which is round ,
and nearly half a Tard high , and is fet about with
long and fomewhat narrow Leaves, much refembling
thofe of Woad , but longer and fmaller pointed,
broad at the bottom, where they compafs the Stalk
about, with a point end flicking out on each fide,

1 hooting forth many Branches from the very bottom
almoft : at the tops of the Stalk and Branches come
forth divers whitifh Flowers, very like unto thofe
of f lax * which being puffed away, fmall round
Pleads rife up, with a fmall Point at the top, very
like in Fafhion to the former, and full of fmall yel-
lowifh Seed ,. like unto that of Crejfes, exceeding
bitter when it is green or frefh, (as the green Herb
alfo is ) but when dry, fweet in Tafte, without any
Acrimony, and very fat and oily.

V. The Places. The fir ft grows in fome places
of Italy Wild, but yet both they and we do fow it
in Gardens for Pleafure, and in Fields for the Seeds
fake, out of which is prelfed an Oil, which ferves
the Poor to Eat, and the Rich for Lamps ^ and ferves
alfo, with flrong Lye of Pot Afhes, to make Soap
withal -, for which laft Purpofe, in Germany they
fow many whole Fields therewith. The fecond is
frequent in Germany , moft ufually in all their flax
Grounds, which being in Stalk like it, ( tho’ not of
that life) is accounted a Weed, and caft away, ex-
cept of fuch as fave the Seed, to give to fmall Birds,
when it is ripe. This Seed, whilft green, is bitter
beyond Expreffion ^ but being ripe and dry, it loofes
its Bitternels, and becomes very fweet and pleafant,
and is very acceptable to fmall Birds, as Larks, Lin-
nets, Finches, IS c. to feed on : alfo by Expreffion,
it yields as fweet an Oil as the former.

VI. The Times. They flower in the latter end of
May, and thro’ June and July , and in Aug u ft *, and
the Seed is ripe in Auguft and September.

VII. The Qualities. Thefe Plants are hot and dry
in the third Degree * the Oil is only hot in the firft,
and rather moilt than dry. The Oil is alfo Difcuf-
five. Emollient and Emplaftick ^ Anodyn, Arthritick
and Analeptick.

VIII. The Specification. It is peculiar to cure the
Colick, and help the Contraction of the Nerves.

IX. The Preparations. VouMnay have therefrom,
i . The Deco hi ion of the Herb and Seed. 3. The Seed
it felf. 3 . The Oil cf tbe Seed by Expreffion.

The Virtues.

X. The Decohlion of the Herb or Seed , or both , in
Wine or Water. Sweetned with Honey, it is good
for thofe who are troubled with the Cough, Short-
nefs of Breath, Wheezing, Difficulty of Breathing,
the Pleurify or hard Scirrhus Swellings of the Liver.
It lenities the Roughnefs orHoarfenels of the Throat
and Voice, making it clear and eafy. The DecoCti-
on in Water is good for Women to fit in, whole
Wombs are hard or fwoln, and to bring down their
Courfes when ftopt ^ as alfo to wafh their Heads
with, who are troubled with Scurff, DandrifE, Mor-
phew or dry Scabs.

XI. The Seed it felf. If it is bruifed and taken
in an Egg, it flops Vomiting, and encreafes Seed :
fo alfo the Pouder of the Herb. If the Seed is ufed
in Bread, it makes it fweet and pleafant, and gives
it a good Relifh.

XII. The Oil of the Seed by Expreffion. Ufed in
Clyflers, it loofens the Belly, and is good againfl
the Colick : taken in by the Mouth, it is very fat,
and not very eafy of Digeftion, (being eaten as Oil
Olive) except by Rufticks, and fuch as are accu-
flomed to it. It yields a grofs Nourifhment, re-
ftores in Confumptions, and quickly makes fat and
fiefhy. It is good againfl Coughs, Hoarfenefs, Short-
nefs of Breath, and Pleurifies or Stitches in the Side,
being given fiom one or two Ounces, to four, fix or
eight. It breeds Flefh and encreafes Seed •, and is
of great Ufe to anoint the Face or Hands, or any 0-
ther Part of the Body, to cleanfe the Skin, and to
take away Sun-burnings, Morphew, Freckles, Spots,
Scars, or any other Defcedation of the Skin. It is
good alfo againfl Burnings with Fire, or Scalding
with Water, and caufes an Extenfion or Relaxation
of thofe Nerves or Sinews which are hard, con-
trailed, or fhrunk up.

chap, cccxxv.

Of G O O S E-F O O T,

0 R,

A R A C H Wild, Broad-leav’d.

I. /~T' H E Names. It is called in Greek, $*&»*%**

X irtM vx&'tvtyvb.hMi x} Xw&r*f : in Latin , Atri-
plex fy he ft ns latifolia, Pes Anferis Ofanferinus,
Chcnopodium Gerardi PS Taber namontani ■, and in
Englijh, Broad-leaved Wild Arach , or Goof e-foot.

II. The Kinds. Gerard makes two forts of this
Plant, viz. 1. Pes anferinus vulgaris. The common
Goofe-foot. 2. Pcs anferinus laciniatior. The more
jagged or divided Goofe-foot.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft , or Common
Goofe-foot, has a pretty long Root , divided into fe-
veral Arms or Branches , befides a great many fmall
f ibres or Strings ■, from whence rifes up a Stalk , a
Cubit high or more, fomewhat chamfered , and branch-
ed out on every fide. The Leaves are broad, fmooth,
fharp-pointed and fhining, having feveral deep Cuts
about the edges, not much unlike to a Goofe-foot :
at the tops of the Branches are long Spikes of Flow-
ers,

Chap. 225. Unglijl) ‘Herbs.

437

ers, which- are fmall, and fometimes enclining ro a
reddifh color. The Seed is fmall, and grows in
Clude rs; according ro the Difpofition of the Spikes,
being very like the Seed of other Wild Ar aches.

Common Goofe-foot.

is, becaufe of its unfruous body, which that Difeafe
agrees not withal $ it eafes all Aches Or Pains p;o-
ceeding from a hot and dry caufe, and is very bene-
ficial to be applied to hot Apofleins, and Difeafcs
of the Joints, chiefly the Goat and Oedema.

XII. The Cataplafn. If it is made with a little
Vinegar, and Nitre difiolved therein, it is an excel4-
lent thing to be applied to recent Contufions, to
prevent the afflux of Humors , . as alfo to any other
part where a Fluxion is prefect ; ir flops the fpread-
ing of Anthonies Fire , cools the inflammation, and
dilpofes it to healing ; it is alfo an excellent thing
to give eafe in the pains of the Gout, and alfo to
cure it, Univerfals being firft premifed.

IV. The fecond , or more jagged Goofe-foot, has
a Root almoft like the other , but more fibrous •, from
whence rifes up a Stalk , replenifhed with Branches
and Leaves , not much differing from the Common,
faving that the Leaves are fharper cut, and more
divided ; and the Flowers and Seed ( which grow in
a fpiked Form ) are much fmaller : the whole Color
alfo of the Plant, is of a darker green.

V. The Places. They grow plentifully ifi fait ,
moift and flinking places, as upon Dung-hills, and
by Highway-fides.

VI. The Times. They fpring up and flourifh in
the Spring Months ^ flower in June and July , and
their Seed is ripe foon after.

VII. The Qualities. They are cold and moitt in
the third Degree : Anodyne or fomething Narcotick,
Repefcuflive , Arthritick, and (as fome Authors
think) Deleterious, orVenefick, I fuppofe, becaufe
it is found certainly ( as they fay ) to kill Swine.

Vfll. The Specification. It certainly cures Ignis
facer or Anthonies -fire, and gives eafe in the Gout.

IX. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
1. A liquid Juice. 2. An Ointment. 3. A Cat a*
plafm:

The Virtues.

X. The Liquid Juice. Bathed upon the parts
affliQed it cools Inflammations , and cures Antho-
nies Fire^ if it is mixed with Vinegar and Nitre,
and parts affe&ed with the Gout be bathed there-
with warm , it eafes the pains thereof, and is very
prevalent againfl Bloody Falls, and Kibed Heels.

XI. The Ointment. It has the Virtues of the Li-
quid Jui.ce, but not fo fit for Ignis Sacer as the Juice ,

CHAP. CCCXXVI.

Of GOUTWORT,

0 R,

HERB GERARD.

I.np H E Names. It does not appear to have any
X Greek Name, unlefs ni mvon-fiov Diofcoridis be
it, Brunfelfius called it Pycnomos , Gefner Corohorus
quibuj, dam ,Cordus on Diofcorides Elaphobofco fimilis,
Tabernamontanus TEgopodium, Tragus Oder it him Syl-
vefire, Ef Angelica: Vitium , Camerarius Angelica 6)7-
vefiris Communis , Thalius Angelica Er ration , Bauhi-
nus Angelica Sylvefiris minor , five Erratica , Dodo-
naus Herba Gerardi , becauie in the Low Countries
it is called Gerarnt , Lobel Podagraria Germanorum
Cf Herba Podagraria in Engltjb it is called Ajh-
weed , Axweed , Gout-Wort , and Herb Gerard , from
thfe Lovf Country Name.

440

•S' )

Salmon.

Lib. I.

Common Herb Gerard, or Goutwort. 2. Podagra-
ria Hirfuta, Ofrba Podagfiria Cognata , Angelica
Svhvifrif Hirj'..ta inoinra, Hairy Herb Gerard, or
Goutwort.

Ill, Tiie Defcriptions. The firft , or Common
Herb Gerard, h.t, a Root which runs and creeps in
tic Ground like Quitchgrafs, foon Spreading over *
nr; dc.de, room , this is but a tow
t-ifing half a yard high , having feveral like Leaves
Handing upon brownilh green Stalks by threes, as 1
.11 ilhnJt, but they are taller and narrower, and
not cut deep in, but only topped about and ot a
thong unplcafant Savour-, at the tops °f the Sta
and Branches grow Umbles ot Flowers, whichare
white, which being pall away yields blackifh Seed
fomething like to, but lets than that ofMaJlerwort.

IV The Jecond, or Hairy Herb Gerard, has a thick
fibrous Root, of a blackifh brown Color on the out fide

but white within, enduring many dears and of a good

Smell , horn whence fprmgs up a Stalk about a Cu
bit high blackifh at the bottom, and a little Harry,
threading into feveral (hart Branches, bearing Leaves
thereon much divided , tike to Wtld Angelica , or
the former Herb Gerard, having, that they are mo re
deeptv galhed, and of a green Color and Harry all
over-; the Fooiltalks, as alio the Umbles of Flowers,
are tall and white, and followed with blackilh
Seed.

v. The Places. The firft grows by Hedges and
Walls Tides , and oftentimes in the Borders or Cor-
ners of Helds, and fometimes alfo in Gardens, it it
is not plucked up, or Weeded out, it is fo fruitful
in its increafe, that where it has once taken Root, it
will hardly be gotten out again, fpoilmg the Ground
every Year more than other ; the other grows in
lbme parts of Germany, and it has been found alio
upon the Borders of Wales, and other places.

VI. The Times They both Flower from the be-
ginning of June to the end ot Auguji , the Seed ri-
pening in the mean Seafon.

VII. The Qualities. It is temperate in refpefl to
heat or cold, and drying in the firft de^ee; it is A-
nodyne, Aftririgent, Vulnerary, Dilcufiive, a little
Repercuffive, Neurotick, Aithriuck, and Analep-

tlCVHI. The Specification. It is laid to cure the
Gout, and Sciatica, Weaknefles, and all other Dif-
eafes of the Nerves and Joints.

IX The Preparations. You may have therefrom,

A Liquid Juice. 2. An EJJeltce. 3- An And

Tinfhtrc. 4. An Oily Tmllurt. 5. An Ointment
or Baljitm. 6. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

X The Liquid Juice. It may he given inwardly
as a Wound Drink, for it mightily contributes to the
curing of ill conditioned Wounds, old Ulcers, run-
ning Sores, and Fiftula’s; alfo outwardly waffling
them therewith it contributes to the fame purpoies,
for it cfo.mfes, incarnates, dues, tad heals; Gouty
parts alfo bathed therewith warm two or three trines
a day it eafes the pain, but more efpecially if it is
taken inwardly from three to\fix Spoonfuls Morn-
ing and Night, in any proper Vehicle^ Ulcers in

the Lungs, Guts, or other Bowels, it likewife
cures.

XI The Efience. It has all the Virtues of the
Liquid Juice, but more efficacious, and better to be
taken than it, becaufe of its finenefs ; it cures Diar-
them's Dvfenteria’s, Lienteria’s, as alfo the Hepa-
tic Flux, 'being timely given tn a ulafs of Spirit of

Angelica, the greater Compolhion. Dofe three or
tour Spoonfuls Morning and Night. .

XII. The Acid T'mSure. It realties the Juices
in the Stomach and inferior Vifcera, deftroying their
Tartar and Vifcofity , which being thruft forth into
the Joints, breeds the Gout and Sciatica ; it comforts
the Stomach, caufing a good Digeftion, opens Ob-
ltruHions, cleanfes, and evacuates the ilimy matter
by Urine. Dofe from twenty to forty drops in a
Glafs of Ale or Wine, as often as the Patient has
an occafion ot Drinking.

XIII. The Oily TinBure. Inwardly taken from
ten drops to twenty five, according to Age ana Ne-
cefiity, in a Glafs of White Port Wine, or other fit
Vehicle, it powerfully opens the Obltruaions of the
Urinary parts, caufing a free Piffing, and thereby
carries off the tartarous , vilcous, or flimy matter
which breeds the Gout, Sciatica, Stone, and Gravel,
bathed upon the Pun&ure of any Nerve, it eales the
pain and foon cures it; it is good alfo agamlt Gon-
vulfions. Cramps, Palfics, numbednefs of any Mem-
ber (fie. being well bathed upon the Back Bone
Morning and Evening , and likewife upon the part
affefted, rubbing it well in before a good Fire.

XIV. The Ointment or Balfam. It cures Simple
Green Wounds, and old Ulcers , of what kind fo-
ever it abfterges, incarnates, and heals them after
an admirable manner, it draws Splinters out ot
Wounds, and Thorns or Prickles gotten into any
part of the Flelh ; applied to any part affirtted with
vehement pain it prefently gives eafe, and being
continued upon Joints aSUSed with the Gout it cures
it, and ftrengthens the part afflicted.

XV The Cataplafm. Applied to Simple Contu-
fions it difeuffes them, and prevents their Apolte-
mating, gives eafe in the Gout , abates Inflammati-
ons difeuifes the pretent matter , and prevents De-
tiuxions of Humors; it is an extraordinary thing to
be applied to the Forehead, to cure fore, running
and watery Eyes, (fie.

CHAP. CCCXXVII.
O/GRASS, or HERBAGE.

I.e-r' H E Names. It is called in Greek 'b*y(<xis,
x li, XiSTM, in Latin Gramen, Agroftis, in Engy
HJh Grafs ; it is true that XSjm Omne Genus Herbie
comprehend!! , yet Xos-ra'JV fignifies Gramineus , a
Grafiy place, or Ground over fpread with Grafs,
from whence Grafs is alfo called with us Herbage.

II. The Kinds. They are manifold, and the feve-
ral forts of each Species are almolt infinite, fo that
it will be difficult to decipher or deferibe them all ;
the chief of the principal Kinds are the thirty five
following, viz. I- Bent-Grajs. 2. ranary -Grafs.
3. Cat st all-Grafs. 4. Corn-Grafs. Cocksfeot-
Grafs. Caponstail-Grafs. 7. Cotton-Grafs. 8.
Crefted-Grafs. 9. Cypcrus-Grafs. 10. Darnel-
Grafs. 11. Dogs. Grafs. 12. Dwarj-Grafs. 13.
ieatber-Grafs. 14. foxtail-Grafs. 15. lern-Grafs.
16. Hairy-Grafs. 17. Huver-G rafs. 18. Hedge-
hog-Gral's. 19. Kneed-Grafs. 20. Meqdow-Grafs.
21. Mountain-Graft. 22. Millet-Graft. 23. Oat-
Grafs. 24. Panmck-Grafs. 2;. Quaking-Graft.
26. Rulh-Grafs. 27. Reed-Graft. 28. Sea-Craft.
so. Silver-Graft. 20. Splked-Grafs. 31. T oad-
Grafs. 32. Water-Grafs. 33. Wood-Graft. 34.
Way or W all-Grafs. 35. Woo/ly-GrqJs. The De-
1 fcrmtions

Chap. 2 27. 'Englijh Herbs.

439

lcriptions of all which Species , with their various
forts, you fhall have in the following Se&ions.

Gramen Arvorum venti Spica , Or amen Seopuhe. ,
vel Seopularium, Bent-Grals, or Bents

III. The Delcriptions. This is a fingular Plant
of its kind, and called by Gerard Uarundinaceum,
becaufe its bujhy top has Sanmcles refembHng thofe
of Common Reed , it has a fmall and Fibrous Root,
and grows up to be a Tard or an Ell high, with many
thin GraJJy Leaves here and there jointed , and its
tufted Heads or Pannicles, fpread almoft like unto
the Sprigs of Feathers, (landing for the mod part all
one way, and hanging down their Heads , of a fine
brown (hining green Color, which are, being fine
and (lender, eafily ihaken with the Wind, from
whence fome call this in Englijh Windlegrajs ; this
is that Grafs which the vulgar commonly call Bents,
of which many Country People make Befoms , and
is many times ty’d in rows together, and ferves in
Summer time to be fet againlt the backs of Chim-
neys, to deck up, cool, and refrefh the Room; it
is Gramen Pratenfe tertium Dodoneti, and Gramen
Arundinaceum arvenfe Tabernamontarti.

***«£«> Pba/aris, Canary-Grals , feven Species,
three true and four baftard.

IV. r. Phelans vulgaris , Common Canary-Grafs,
has a Fibrous Root , dying with us every Winter,
and therefore is but an Annual Plant, to be new Sown
every Year ; it has jointed Stalks half a Yard high,
with Graflie Leaves on them like Barley, and at the
top a long round Chaffie Head , fomewhat pointed
above, whofe Bloomings are yellowilh, wherein lies
flat, round, (hiningSeed, bigger than Millet, and
lefs than Linfeed, of a yellowilh Color, and fome-
what like to the Seed of Sefamum.

V. 2. Pba/aris Semine nigro, Canary-Grafs with
blackijh Seed. The Root hereof is like, and perifh-
es as the other, it differs not from the former , but
in being fomewhat leffer, both in Stalk, Leaf, and
Head , but chiefly in the Seed, which is of a pale,
blackifli, fhining Color.

VI. 3. Pbalaris bulbofa Semine Albo, White bulb-
ed Canary-Grafs, has a Root confiding of many fmali
white Bulbs, or rather Tubers, growing in Tufts to-
gether, with long Fibres defending from them,
whereby they are faltned ftrongly in the Ground, and
die not every Year , as the others do , but encreafe
into great Tufts ; the Grafs grows very like the for-
mer, but with fmaller, tenderer, and taller jointed
Stalks and Leaves on them , and at the Roots are
more foft and gentle ; the fpiked Heads are fmaller,
and a little longer , and grow not full out fo clofe
together, but are fofter in handling, and bring forth
fmaller and whiter Seed rhan the others.

VII. 4. Phalaroides majus , Gramen Phalaroides ,
vel Alopecuroides,Jive halicum majus. The greater
Bajiard Canary-Grafs, has a Root fmall and Fibrous,
perilhing every Year, and grows up very like to the
true Pbalaris, or Canary-Grafs, both in Stalk, Leafj
and Head, but that the Stalks are Angle, and with
fewer Leaves on them ; the Head alfo or Ear is linal-
ler, hoary, and fofter, and the Seed not much un-
like.

VIII. %■ Phalaroides minus. The lejfer Bajiard
Canary-Grafs, is in all things like to the hit, but
the Ear or Head is fmaller and longer, and the Leaves
do fo encompafs the Stalk at bottom , that it feems
to run thro’ them, as thro’ a Trunk.

IX. 6. Phalaroides Spica mol/i , Gramen Phala-
roides Germanicum , Soft headed Bajiard Canary-
Grafs, has a Fibrous Root , from which fprings a
Stalk, or Stalks, of a Foot and half high , fome-
what larger than the latt, with a Joint or two there-
on, and fhort Leaves at them, encompafling the Stalk
at the lower end ; the Head is (horter and fmaller
than the latt, of a (hining A(h Color, and foft to
the feeling.

X. 7. Phalaroides Spica Hirfutiore , Bajiard Ca-
nary-Grafs with a more hairy Spike or Ear. It has
a Perennial Fibrous Root, from whence lpring up
Stalks and Leaves like the latt, but furnilhed with a
greater (tore of Leaves and Stalks ; the Spiked Head

. is

44°

Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. I.

Is alio' longer and narrower , and fet with (hort
Hairs. ^

XI. The Places. All the three firft forts have
been found growing in Spain , and brought to us by
Bee I, with Some of the Ballard forts ; the firft has
been known many Years, and was brought from the
Canary Minds with thofe fweet Singing Birds cal-
led Canary Birds , which feed upon this Seed ; Lobe/
fays that it grows in Provence in prance ; the fe-
cond Baubinus lavs came to us from Malta, where
thole Birds feed on it ; all the firft three grow with
us in our Gardens ; the fourth grows as well in our
Fields in England , as in other Countries; the fifth
and fixth grow about Dimes, where they are fre-
quent, and call them Onocordon, from their color:
where the feventh grows is uncertain.

XII. T be Times. They all of them flourilh in
the Summer Months, and their Seeds are ripe in
July and Augufl.

XIII. The Virtues. Canary Seed in fome Places
and Iflands is made into Bread, which nourilhes
much like that of Millet, or rather lefs, and there-
fore to mend it, fome mix it with Wheat, that the
Bread may be the falter, which otherwife would be
apt to crumble and dry. The Liquid Juice, or Effence
of the Herb, are good to eafe the pains of the Stone
and Gravel, open ObftruHions of the Urinary parts,
and abate the Raiding heat thereof. The Cataplafm
of the Seed has the Virtues of that of Millet , and is
good to dry and reprefs the flux of Humors upon
any part.

Gramen Typhimtm , Catstail-Grafs, three forts.

XIV. r . Gramen Typhoides , vel Typhimtm maxi-
mum, The great eji Catstail-Grafs , has very fmall
Roots, compacted of many fmall Skins or Threads,
which may be eafily taken from the whole Root,
from which rife up very fair large Leaves , like
Wheat, and triangular Stalks two Feet high, or more,
on whichgrow long, round, fpiked Heads, four times

larger than thofe of the following Kind, and almolt
of an equal bignefs and roundnefs from the bottom
of the Spike to the top ; this Plant is fometimes found
with Stalks four or five Feet high , and the Spike
fomewhat Ihorter, and fmaller at the top.

XV. 2. Gramen Typhinum minus vulgatijfmum ,
The leffer moji common Catjiail-Grafs, has Roots
which have fmall round Heads, like Tubers or Bulbs,
from the Heads of which fpring forth the Leaves
and Stalks-, this is the moft common with us, and
differs not from the former but in die Roots, this be-
ing bulbed , as aforefaid , and in magnitude , the
Stalks in this riling not above a Foot high, and the
round Spike not being above two or three Inches
long.

XVI. ;. Gramen Typhinum minus. The fmall
Catstail-Grafs , has for its Root a little Bulb , or
Bulbs , from whence rifes up the Stalk , about two
Feet high, fet at each Joint with long Gralfie Leaves,
with a Spike or Ear four or five inches long, clofe-
ly and handfomly made, like the former ; it differs
not from the lart , but in having a greater ftore of
narrow green Leaves, a longer Stalk, and larger fpi-
ked Heads.

XVII. The Places. They are all of them found
in many places of England, but moftly in watery
places, and near Water; the third is found growing
plentifully in many places about London, as by the
Bridge entring into Chelfea field, as you go from
St. James's to little Chelfea.

XVIII. The Times. They Flourilh and Seed in
June and July , keeping the fame time with other
Gralfes.

Gramen Segetum , vel Segetale , Gramen Tnticeum,
Corn-Grafs, or Wheat-Grafs, fix Kinds.

XIX. 1. Gramen Segetum vel Triticeum latifoli-
11m Spica compada. Broad Leav'd Wheat-Grafs clofe
Ear'd, has from a Fibrous Root a Stalk, or Stalks
fpring up, about half a yard high, having two or

three

Chap. 3 27. Ewgli/h ‘Herbs. 441

three Joints, and. fair Wheat-like Leaves at them
a Foot long, beating at the tops a longer Spike or
Far than Wheat, and broader, made of feveral parts,
like the Husks of Corn, but Separated more afunder,
rh.ereby (hewing it to be a Grais, and no true Corn,
vet the Spike grows clofer than the next, and with-
out any (hew of Awnes or Beard thereon,

XX . 2. Gramen fegetale , vel Triticeum lat foli-
um Spied diviilfa , Broai-teitifd thin-eaPd red Wheat
Grafs. It differs little from the former, but in the
Spike, which has the fmall parts thereof more de-
purated, and let on both fides of the Stalk, and
armed every one with a (mail (hort Awne or
Beard.

XXI. 3. Gramen fegetale, vel Triticeum ingulli-
folium Spied compalla. Broad-leaved clofe-eard red
Wheat Grafs. It has a Stalk which is fmooth and
round, two Feet high, fet with long narrower white
Leaves, rough and pointed. The Spike is about a
Span long, lomewhat like unto Red Wheat , clofely
fet, but each of the Husks has a lharp rough Awne
thereat.

XXII. 4. Gramen fegetum, vel Triticeum angu-
[ii folium fpica mutica, Narrow-leav d or Rujh-leav’d
rohite-ear’d Wheat Grafs , without Awnes. It has a
Root which is white, knotty and creeping , from
whence fpring up Leaves which are long and round,
like Rufhes , and pointed at the ends, fet on round
Stalks, a Foot and half high, whofelpiked tops are
long and llender, without any Awnes at the tops of
the Husks, and fomewhat like unto White IVheat
without Beards.

XXIII. ;. Gramen fegetum , vel Triticeum majus
fpica Brize, The greater Spelt Wheat Grafs. Its
Roots and Stalks are like unto Corn, four or five
Feet high, or more, fet with narrow Leaves : the
tops of the Stalks have feveral long Spikes, about a
Hand breadth long, fet on both fide of them, one a-
bove another, each whereof is very like a fmall Ear
of Wheat, armed with fmall Awnes, but very
Ihort.

XXIV. 6. Gramen fegetum, vel Triticeum minus
fpica Brize, The leffer Spelt Wheat Grafs. It grows
not above an Hand breadth high, with fmall, Ihort,
foft and hoary Leaves ; and at top of the Stalk there
is fometitnes but one, and fometimes two or three
Spikes or Ears, of an Inch long, and bearded.

XXV. The Places and Times. They grow in
many parts of England, in Paftures and Corn
Grounds in Kent, not far from the Thames ; and
Houtilh anti feed in the Summer Months, when o-
ther GraJJes do.

V. 'lsjfintt, Ifchemon & Gramen lfchemon , five Da-
lly loides, Cocks-foot or Finger Grafs, Six hinds.

XXVI. 1. Ifchemon fylvejlre folio latiore. Com-
mon Cocks-foot Grafs. It is called, Galli Crus Apu-
leii , and has a Root confifting of a great many fmall
Fibres ; ftom whence fpring forth feveral dear, red-
dilh , jointed Stalks , with fair Graffy Leaves on
them, a little dented on the edges, broad at the bot-
tom, and fmall at the end, ofaharfh or binding
Tafte. At the tops of the Stalks grow divers long,
llender, rough Spikes, of a glillering purple, or ra-
ther Violet color, but of a brownifh color when they
are ripe, and are divided into four or five Spikes,
which are fptead or llretched out abroad , like a
Cock’s Foot, when it is fet down upon the Ground,
or the Fingers of a Man’s Hand, when they are
fpread abroad.

XXVII. 2. Ifchemon fy heft re f pic is Villofis, Wild
Cocks-foot Grafs , with a bearded or hairy Spike or
Ear. Its Root is a Bulh of Fibres, like the other :
it has purplilh Stalks, a Cubit high, with fewer

and much narrower Leaves on them. The fpiked
Heads are more in number than the former, and
more hairy, having, as it were, (hort yellow Beards,
fet on both fides of the Panicles, in which lye
the Seed.

XXVIII. 3. Ifchemon fitivum, five Gramen man-
ne Efculentum, Gramen aculeatum Thalii, prumen-
tum Germanicum Cordi, (upon Diofcorides ) becaule
they account it Oryze Species ■, Sanguinaria, San-
guinelta , and Capriola ha/ica. Dew Grafs. It has a
Root greater and more bufhy than any of the for-
mer, the whole Plant differing from the two afore-
going no otherwife almoft , than a Manured Plant
from a Wild. It has fair jointed purplidi Stalks,
and large GraJJy or Reed like Leaves on them, fome-
what hairy or woolly at their bottoms ; and about
the Joints at the tops of the Stalks Hand larger
Spikes or Pannicles, and more alfo fet together than
in the former, which are made of many fmall, chaf-
fy Husks, with long white Seeds in them, fome-
what greater than /II diet, and lelfcr than Rice,
Handing all, as it were, on one fide.

XXIX. 4. Gramen Jcopanum lfcbemi pariiculie,
Befom or Brujh Grafs. It has a Root confifting of
many very long hard Fibres or Threads, a Foot and
half long, or more, ( whereof are made, in Prance ,
where it grows naturally , thofe kinds of Bm(hes
with which we ufually brulh our Heads, (fc.) the
Stalks are hard, flendet, and jointed, about a Cubit
high , with fmall long Leaves on them , like unto
the fecond Ifchemon aforegoing, but Tweeter in tafte ;
at the tops of the Stalks Hand five or fix , or more,
bright long Panicles , like unto the Cocksfoot, but
larger. Hatter, and lefs dented.

XXX. 5. Gramen Ifchemon Canarium , Dogs-
Grafs like Cocksfoot. It has running jointed Roots,
like to the Common Quitch-Grafs, and lo both Stalks
and Leaves fomewhat refemble it, fo that it might
have as well been enumerated among the fuiich-
Grajjes , or Dogs-Graffes , as among the Cocksfoot-
Grafes, becaule it is, as it were, indifferent between
them both ; but the Head is difpeifed or fpread into
fuch like llender long Panicles as the Cocksfoot-Grafs
is, the fmall Chaffie Husks whereof contain the
Seed.

XXXI. 6. Gramen Dally ion repens. Creeping
Cocksfoot-Grafs. It has a fparfed thready Root,
which fends forth many long , llender , and weak
Branches, trailing or creeping upon the Ground, and
fliooting forth Roots at the Joints; the Leaves which
grow at the Joints are fmall and Graffie, long and
narrow ; and at the tops of the Stalks , which rife
not much above a Span high, four or five fmall,
llender, blackilh Spikes or Ears come forth, within
the Husks whereof the Seed is found to lye.

XXXII. The Place and Time. The two fill!
Kinds ate found growing naturally in feveral places
of Italy, as alfo at Narbone in prance, and in divers
places of England , but the third is ulually Sown in
Fields, as Corn, in many places of Germany , where
with the Seed thereof they make Pottage or Broth ,
as we here In England do with Rice and Oatmeal,
and it is fent into Midd/eburgh, and ocher Towns of
the Low Countries in great Quantities for the lame
purpofe, as Label has affirmed, but with us it only
grows in Gardens, tho’ Ihould we Sow it as the Ger-
mans do, in Fields, it is probable that it might
thrive full as well with us as it does with them ; the
fourth, fifth and lixth glow in Prance , but witli us
chiefly in Gardens ; the fifth has been lound growing
in Spain , and the fill! Gerard lays he found grow-
ing upon the Hilly Banks neat Greenhilh in Kent ,
and that it grows upon the rough Banks of Fields,
C/c. They all Flourilh and Seed in the Summer
Months when the other GraJJes do.

L 1 1

The

44 2 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

The Virtues.

XXXIII. i. The Liquid Juice. Pat into the
Eyes which run and water, or where is a Dettuxion
of Rheum, caufing rednefs or blearednefs, and drunk,
chiefly the Juice of the Dew-Grafs , it difcuifes
the hardnefs of Womens Brealfs, efpecially being al-
fo bathed thereon, a. The Cocksfoot Quitch-Grafts ,
has all the Virtues of Qiiitch-Grafs, to bedifcourfed
ot in fome of the following Chapters of this Book.
3. The DecoQion. It is of ufe (made of the Roots
in White Port) to expel the Terms, and it drives
forth the Mealies , Small Pox , and is good in the
Purples , Spotted, and other Peftilential Fevers. 4.
The Ointment or Balfam of the Roots and green
Grafs , is good for the Bitings of Mad Dogs, dif-
folves hard Tumors, and not only heals green
Wounds, but alio old Ulcers. 5. The Cataplafm
of Herb and Roots applied to any place which bleeds,
l'tops the Blood prefently , whether it be from the
Nofe, or a Wound.

VI. 'AAtxT?t/ow»#f> Granien murorum Spica Iongijfima ,
Gramen Spica nut ante Iongijfima, Caponstail-Grafs,
or Grals with a long bending Spike, a fingle Species.

XXXIV. This Gramen murorum Spica nutante U
a Jingular Riant , which has a fibrous or flringy Root,
from which arijes Leaves long and narrow, like other
Grals Leaves , which by Time and Age growing old,
grow fome what rounder , as thofe of Spartum , or
Matweed ^ from among thefe Gralhe Leaves there
grows up a fiend er Stalk about two Feet high, fcarce-
ly Handing upright, but oftentimes hanging down its
Head, or top of its Ear, after the manner of a Ca-
pons Tail-, this Stalk has two of three Email Leaves
at the Joints up to its top, where grows a very long
Spike, bending a little downwards, compofed of
Email and hairy Tufts, which grow of a-greyifh or
whitifh Color being ripe, containing within them fmall
whitifh Seed. This was found out by Mr. Good-
yere .

XXXV. The R/ace and Time. This Elegant
Grals Mr. Goodyere found growing upon the Walls
of the Ancient City of Winchefter, and was not de-
lcribed by any Author before him, he gave it the
Name Gerard had fome of the Seed thereof’ which
he did Sow, which grew up, took root, and hou-
rilhed. Seeding in the Summer Months.

VII. K arauiysosif quor undam, Gramen Tomentofum,
vel Tomentarium , Cotton-Grafs, or Cotton Reed-
Grals.

XXXVI. It Is a Jingular Plant of the Kind , ha-
ving a Root fomewhat hard and rough, very tough ,
fmall and thready , with in any long Fibres i fining
from it. This Cotton Reed-Grafs is in roughnefs,
drvnefs, and form of the Leave-;, not much unlike
tc> Foxtail-Grafts , called Pfeudofcheenanthum , but
much greater, and not Downy-, the Stalks rife up
to be three, four, or more Feet high, and but with
few Joints, which are rough, garnilhed with many
hard Gralhe Leaves, bearing at the top Heads, which
are Spiked, Eet all along a Panicle, reddilh for fome
rime , but growing to ripenefs, are of a fhining Sil-
ver like whitenels, and as Eoft as Wooll in hand-
ling, from whence it took the Name. This De-
lcription is according to the Dutch Copy, tranflated
by Lobel himfelf

XXXVII. T he Places. It grows in the borders
of dry Fields, and by Hedge lides, in many Coun-

ties of England , efpecially in Dorfetjhire Gerard
fays It grows upon Boggy and fuch like Moorilh
places , and is to be feen in Bogs upon Hampfied
Heath it grows likewife in Highgate Park , hear
London. This with long fpiked Heads is doubtlefs
the Gramen Tomentofum Arundinaceum of Gerard ,
deferibed in Lib. 1 . Cap. 9.

VIII. Evreyoytus- if, %j Aop», Gramen Crifia -

turn, Crefted-Grafs , or Cockscomb-Grafs , four
Species.

whence fpring up, divers fmooth flender Stalks, two
Feet or more high, with few, or no Joints on them,
and with fmall fhort green Leaves at them ^ the tops
of the Stalks have flender long fpiked Heads , divi-
ded into many parts, each whereof is like unto the
Creft of a Bird: this Ear, fays Gerard, is fmall,
long, of a pale green Color, fomewhat bending, fo
that in fome fort it refembles the Comb of a Cock,
(whence the Name) or the Seed VefTel of that Plant
which is called Caput Gallinaceum : the Spike or
Ear is of a pale yellowilh green, and fometimes of
a reddifh Color , which made Bauhinus to compare
it to Crifia Galli , or Cocks-Comb. This is Gramen
Pratenfe Crifiatum , Gramen Spica Crifiata Bauhini.

XX XIX. 2. Gramen Crifiatum S&bhirfutum ,
Hairy Crefted-Grafs. This feems to be a Species
of the former, and differs from it only in thefe par-
ticulars , the Roots are of a reddilh yellow color,
the Stalks are lower and fmaller, and a little Hairy
or Woolly at the bottoms, with longer Leaves, and
a more fparfed white Head , not fo finely fet toge-
ther, and grows rather among Hedges and Bufhes.

XL. 3. Gramen Crifiatum Anglicum , Englijh
Crefted-Grafs. This has fewer and longer Roots,
not matting and increafing in the former manner,
the Stalks are lfraight, with longer and narrower
Leaves on them -, the Spiked Head differs ffom the
former, in being longer and clofer fet, and not fpread

into

Chap .327. Eng/ ijh ‘Herbs

'mo Tuns, but as it were into clofe (hort Husks,
the whole Spike fomewhat tefembling a fmall long
Ft ixt ail-G rafs .

XU. 4. Gramen Crijlatum Spica multiplici ,
'Double Englijh Crefted- Grafs. This is very like the
lalt in its Roots, Stalks, and Leaves, and leems to
be a variety or the fame, but it differs in this, that
it is fpread out in its top, and parted or divided in-
to feveral fmaller Spikes from the greater main one,
otherwife very little differing from it in any thing
elfe.

XLII. The Vlaces and Times. The firlt of thefe
is ordinarily to be found in Meadows about Midfum-
mer time, that, as alfo the fecond, ufually growing
in Fields and Paftures, and near Hedges and Buttles,
and places near them ; the third grows plentifully
in many By-places near Hackney , not far from Lon-
don; the fourth being a variety of the laft, is found
growing always not far from the places where the
third grows.

IX. Komteo'yeusH, Ktm/fdJ'nf, Gramen Cype-

roides, Cyperus-Grais, twenty two Species.

XLIII. 1. Cyperus Typhinus Gerard; , Gramen
Typhinum Tabernamontani , Gramen Typhoides Spica
multiplici Bauhini , Cat stall Cyperus-Grafs. It has
a Bufhy Root, from whence fpring forth many long,
narrow , three fquare , hard , green Leaves, among
which rife up ftift' green Stalks, half a yard, or two
Feet high, or better, with fome Joints and Leaves
at them, not much unlike to the Common Reed ; at
and towards the tops of thefe Stalks grow two or
more long flender rough Heads, growing one above
another, Spike falhion, almott refembling a Cats
Tail, very chaffie, rough and rugged , of a dark
Green, tending to Purple.

XLIV. 2. Gramen Cyperoides anguftifo/ium majiis.
The greater narrow Leav'd Cyperus-Grafs. It has a
reafonable ftrong Fibrous Root, from whence ltiff,
long, and narrow Leaves, like thofe of other Cype-

rus-Graffes fpring:, the Stalks alio, (as it is proper
to all the Plants of this KindredJ are three 1’juare ,
bearing at their tops three brownilh Ears, fotr and’
chaffie, like the reft of this Kind, Handing upright,
and not hanging down, as fome others do.

XLF. 3. Gramen Cyperoides Sylvarum Tennius
S picat um , Slender Ear'd Wood Cyperus Grafs, it
has a great yellowitti and hbrous bulky Root, from
whence fpring rhree fquare Stalks, a Foot or more
high, with fair, bur hard and rough Graflie Leaves,
four or five Inches long; the Spiked Heads which
grow at the tops are many, one above another, Ren-
der and long, yet fome more than others, fome one
Inch, fome two Inches, or lels, of a yellowitti green
color, with long yellowitti Seeds in them.

XL VI. 4. Gramen Cyperoides elegant Spied multi-
fera , A fine or beaut ijul Cyperus-GraJ s with many
Heads. It has a thick fibrous Root, which fends up
flender triangular Stalks, about two Feet high ; the
Leaves are long and narrow, with a long pointed Spi-
ked Head, made of many fmall ones, lb dole fqf to-
gether, that they feem to be but one Spike or Head.

XLVII. 5. Gramen Cyperoides ecbinalum Monta-
num , Mountain prickly Cyperus-Grafs. It fias a
thick bulhy fibrous Root, as the former, which fends
up three fquare Stalks, about a Span long, or not
much more, the Leaves below and on them are ve-
ry long and narrow, the Heads are (hort, with ma-
ny rough Burs on them , fome feparared and fome
clofe.

XLVIII. 6. Gramen Cyperoides fparfa Panicitla ,
Land Cyperus-Grafs with a difperj'ed Tuft. It has a
Root which is full of Fibres, which lends forth long
Leaves, of a brown green color, and fomewhat flat,
between a Rufh and a Grafs ; the Stalk is alio fome-
wliat more flat than fquare, fometimes but half a
yard high, fometimes three, four, or five Feet high,
the top whereof is furnifhed with a large round
lpread Panicle, made of many parts, and each fmall
prickly Head Handing on a flender Footlblk, wiiich
is oftentimes bent down with the weight of the
Heads.

XLIX. 7. Gramen Cyperoides parum Lanofum ,
Cyperus-Grafs a little IVoo/y. It has a Fibrous Root,
which fends forth flender Stalks, about two Spans
high, the bottoms of them being a little Wooly, and
having at the middle only a Joint with a Leaf; the
lower Leaves are fet clofe upon the Ground, three
or four Inches long, fomewhut like thofe of the
Grafs-Crowfoot ; the heads of the Stalks have fmall
round Ihining Spikes or Euft on them, of a pale
brown Color , with a fmall long Leaf under every
head.- This is Gramen Cyperoides parvum.

L. 8. Gramen Cyperoides Norwegicum , Norway
Cyperus-Grafs. It has a number of long narrow
Leaves, fome three or four Inches , others fix or fe-
ven Inches long; the Stalks are dear and ffnooth,
half a yard high, bearing at the top many Cone like
Heads, fet clofe together.

LI. 9. Gramen Cyperoides Spicatum Lar folium,
Broad Leav'd Cyperus-Grafs. It has long black
creeping Roots, with many Fibres at them, very
like unto the fweet long Cyperus, and has broad
Leaves, almoft a Foot long, among which come
forth the Stalks, being about a Foot high, which
bear three Chaffie Spiked Heads at the top , of an
Inch, or Inch and half long, of which the middle-
moft is the longeft, each of them like unto the
Imall Catstail-Grafs.

LII, 10. Gramen Cyperoides latifolium altenim ,
The higher broad Leav'd Cyperus-Grafs. It has a
Root which is fomewhat long, but fcaly, with ma-
ny long Fibres adjoining thereto ; the Leaves are as
long as the laft, but the Stalks are much higher,
bearing at the tops four or five fmall lohg Ears of
111 * Spikes

444

Salmon’ s 'Herbal . Lib. I.

Spikes one above another , an Inch or two long
with a fmall Leaf at the foot of- each of them.

LIII. Ti. Cj r amen Cyperoides Paluftree , Great
Hater Cyperus-Grafts. The Root is compact of ma-
ny long and tough Strings, or Threads, the Leaves
are long and broad, like unto the Sedge , called Ca-
re x., from among which rife up feveral long three-
iquare Stalks, at the top of each of which there is a
Spike or Ear, like to a Plant ane Head, commonly
of a yellow ilh green color, and very prickly.^

LIV. 12. Gramen Cyperoides Mtliaceum, Lypcrus
Gramme us Miliaccus , Pfteuiocyperus Gramme us Mi-
liaceus , Millet Cyt per us*G rafs , or Baftard Cyperus-
Grafs Tufted. It has a thick fibrous black bulky
Root, from whence riles divers fair, long, and
fomewhat broad , alfo lhorter green Leaves, paler
than thofe at Se£L 43. above, from among which
arife threefquare Stalks, like thofe of Cyperus , a-
bout half a yard high, let with Leaves from the bot-
tom to about fix or feven Inches high of the Stalk,
and encompaffing the Stalk alfo at their bottoms *
the tops are turnilhed with a large Tufted Head, (al-
molt like the True Cyperus ) and greater than is pro-
portional to the Plant, where two or three pretty
large Leaves come forth , between which rife up
many fmall Footftalks, very much Branched, which
bear many black Seeds , fomewhat like Millet , or
Riejhes.

L V. 13. Gramen Cyperoides Paluftre Panic ula
[par fa , Aquaticum vulgatius Lobelij, Marfh Cyperus-
Grajs with fparfed Heads. It has a Root which
fpreads fomewhat like the True Cyperus , but harder,
fuller of blackilh Fibres , and without fmell •, the
Leaves are long , and fomewhat narrow , hard, and
cutting on both edges ^ the Stalk is triangular, tall,
without any Leaves thereon to the top, where,- be-
tween two long Leaves, and very narrow, divers
fhort Footftalks lpread forth , bearing each of them
four or five fmall rough Heads.

LVI. 14. Gramen Cyperoides Paluftre maju s, Gra-
men junceum triquetum Thalij , The greater Marfh
Cyperus-Grafts The Root is a bulk of many black-
ilh Fibres, like unto Grafts Roots, it has feveral long
and narrow hard cutting Leaves like the laft, and
among them divers upright Stalks, without any
Leaves at all on them, each of them bearing a long,
round, and fomewhat large prickly head, in which
lies the Seed.

LVII. 1 5. Gramen Cyperoides Paluftre minus ,
The leffer Marfh Cyperus-Grafts. The Root of this
is like unto the former, but is leffer, as is the whole
Plant-, the Stalk bears fharp, rough, fpiked heads,
four or five together , one above another , on both
fides thereof, with a long Leaf at the foot of them.

LVIII. t 6. Gramen Cyperoides Paluftre ftpicis mi-
nus compacts , The leffer Marfh Cyperus with more
open heads. Its Root is fomewhat hard or woody,
and full of Fibres, bearing many long and narrow
Leaves, like to Grafts , among which rifes up a
rough threefquare Stalk, bare of Leaves for the
molt part up to the top, where ftand feveral fmall
rough Heads or Spikes, more loofe or open than the
former, having lharp pricking Seed within them.

LIX. 17. Gramen Cyperoides Paluftre Subflaveft-
cerie Panicula ftparfta , Carex minus Tonicerus , Tel-
lovoifh Marfh Cyperus-Grafts open headed. The Root
is great at the head, with feveral Fibres thereat, it
has fmalier and lhorter Leaves than any of the for-
mer , and naked Stalks , bearing at the tops of the
Stalks, between two fmall long Leaves, a head fe-
vered into many fmall parts or fpikes, of a yellow-
ilh color. Of this fort there is another, differing
very little from it, but in the color of the fmall
Spikes, which are blackilh.

LX. 18. Gramen Cyperoides Paluftre majus lati-

, folium Lobehj U Camerarij , Carex 1 ragi Cf Lugdu-
nenfis , The greater broad Leav'd Cyperus-Grafts. It
has a brownilh Root, and folding it felf one within
another, with many Fibres adjoining, it has feveral
large and long Leaves, like unto thofe of Reeds, a-
mong which rife up feveral threefquare Stalks, bear-
ing three or four clofe fpiked brownilh heads there-
on, one above another. There is another of this
great broad Leav’d kind, called by Bauhinus Gramen
Cyperoides majus latifolium , ftpica Spodicea viridi ,
whofe Roots are more bulhy and fibrous, and the
fpiked heads more green, having a long narrow Leaf
under the loweft Spike or Head.

LXI. 19. Gramen Cyperoides Paluftre majus an-
guftifolium , The greater Cyperus-Grafts with narrow
Leaves. This differs little from the laft, but in its
growing lower, with narrower Leaves, and fpiked
heads, which are thinner and longer, but of the lame
brown greenilh color with it.

LXII. 20. Gramen Cyperoides Paluftre minus an-
gufti folium. The leffer narrow Leav’d Cyperus-Grafts.
It has a Root with long Strings and Fibres thereat,
Ihooting forth like Cyperus, has narrower Leaves,
and threefquare Stalks , bearing fmalier and more
fpiked long heads, three ufually fet together, one a
little from the other, more ftiff alfo and upright.

LXIII. 21. Pfteudo Cyperus ftpica brevi pcndula,
Lobelij , Geftneri , DodonH , Baftard Cyperus-Grajs
with fhort pendulous heads. The Roots of this do
fomewhat refemble the True ftweet long Cyperus , but
lcofer , and not fo firm , fuller alfo of Fibres , and
not fuelling fweet at all -, it grows alfo fomewhat
like unto the True long Cyperus , having large and
long gralfie Leaves, in a manner threefquare, and fa
is the Stalk alfo, at the top whereof among divers
Leaves , come forth great fpiked , thick and fhort
heads , hanging downwards , every one by a fhort
Footftalk.

LXIV. 22. Pfteudo-Cyperus , five Gramen Cype-
roides Paluftre ftpica pendula longiore , Another Ba-
ftard Cyperus-Grafts with longer heads. It has a Root
like the former, with a triangular ftriped Stalk, a-
bout a yard high , bearing long and narrow Leaves
thereon, which encompals rhe Stalk at bottom with
a Skin, or hollow Sheath, having at top feveral long
and narrow pendulous heads, five or fix Inches long
each, with a long Leaf under each head.

LXV. The Places and Times. They all grow in
low, moift , and Moorifh Grounds , in many places
of this Kingdom, as alfo in feveral other Countries,
as their Names exprefs, and do all Flourifh and Seed
in the end of Summer.

X. j[ofTwJ'nff, Phcenix Graminea, Darnel-Grafts ,

fix kinds.

LXVI. 1. Phccnix ftimplici , Cf rariffima Gluma ,
The fmallcft jingle Darnel-Grafts. It is very like to
Red Darnel , but that it has very few flenderer and
lhorter Stalks than it, and the Leaves alfo narrow-
er ^ the fpiked head has a few fingle Husks let very
fparfed ly.

LXVII. 2. Phccnix altera brevier ibus denftioribuft-
que ftpicis , The greater fingle Darnel-Grafts. The
Roots and Leaves hereof are like the Red Darnel ,
the Stalks grow a yard high , jointed and ftraked ,
and the Spike is thinly fet with chaffie heads, but
they are bigger, rounder, and thicker.

LXVIII. 3. Phccnix acerofta aculeata. Small prick-
ly Darnel-Grafts. It has a Root confifting of fmall
white Threads or Fibres, the Stalks hereof are about
five, fix , or feven Inches high , being rough, hard,
full of Joints, pointed or prickly at the ends, and
with a few Ihort Leaves on them, and have withal

finall.

Chap. 327. ‘Engltjl) ‘Herbs.

445

fmall, fhort, rough, and chffie like Tongues, fharp
at their ends, fet at the Joints.a

fpiked head is as it were branched into others , in
which confifts the chiefeft difference.

LXX. 5. Phoenix multiphci fpica nut ante. Double
Darnel-Grafs with a bowing top. It differs little or
nothing from the laft, but in the fpiked heads, which
are thicker fet together , and the tops of them bow
down, or turn a little round.

LXXI. 6. Phoenix Paluflris Cf longius fpicata ,
Branched Marjh Darnel-Grafs. It has a Root which
is creeping , white, and jointed , with many Fibres
adjoining thereto , from which (hoot forth two or
three jointed Stalks , two Feet or more high -, the
fpiked head is a Foot long, branched as the fourth
is, each Branch four or five Inches long, with wing-
ed Husks, like unto Oats.

LXXII. The Places and Times. All thefe 'grow
either in Fields of Corn, or in the Borders or Path-
ways of other Fields which are Fallow, and the laft
fometimes in Marlh and Wet Grounds, as well as
in the edges of Ploughed Grounds.

&I. kvvik i), Kvv'oy^uuiy Gramen Caninum ,

Dogs-Grafs, fourteen kinds , nine Land kinds ,
five Water.

LXXI II. 1. Kwoy , Gramen Caninuen vulgati-
tf-f, Common Dogs-Grafs. It creeps far about under
Ground, with long white jointed Roots , and fmall
Fibres at every Joint, very fweet in tafte, as the reft
of the Herb is, arid interlacing one another, from
whence fho'ot forth many fair and long graftie Leaves,
fmall at the ends, and fharp or cutting on the edges $
the Stalks are Jointed like Corn , with the like
Leaves on them, and a long fpiked head, with long
husks on it, and hard rough Seed in them.

Bogs ffrafs vpricjht.

LXXIV. 2. Gramen Caninum longius Radical u
& Pamculatum , Dogs-Grafs with a longer Root and
morefparfed Panicles. The Root is fuller , larger,
longer' and farther fpread , the Whole Plant differs
but very little from the former, but in the Tuft or
Panicle , which is more fpread into Branches with
fhorter and broader husks.

LXXV. 3. Gramen Caninum latiore Panicula mi-
nusy The lejfer Dogs-Grafs with a fparfed Tuft. The
Root is fmall, and Jointed, but creeps not fo much
as the former, and has many more Fibres among
them than the others have , and is a little browner,
and not fo white, but more fweet-, it is a fmali fort
of Grafs? and has flender Stalks, about fix or feven
Inches high, with many very narrow Leaves, both
below and on the Stalks 5 the Tuft or Panicle at the
top is fmall, according to magnitude of the Plant ,
and fpreads into feveral parts or branches.

44 6 Salmon s thrhal. Lib. I.

LX XV i. 4. Gramen Caninum fupmum arvenje ,
Low bending Dogs-Grifs. It has a Root which
creeps math under Ground, but in a differing man-
ner, the Stalks taking Root in feveral places, and
fcarcely railing themlelves up a Foot high , with
fuch like green Leaves as the firif kind, but Ihorter ;
the fpiked head is bright and fparfed, or fpread a-
broad, much like to the Field-Grafs.

Dogs -Grafs lying along.

LXXVIl. 5. Gramen Murorum Radice repent e ,
W all-Grafs with a creeping Root. Its Root is black-
ifh, and fpreading abroad, from which fpring forth
many fmall Stalks, a Foot high, bending or crook-
ing, with a few narrow fhort Leaves on them, at
whofe tops ftand fmall white Panicles, of an Inch
and half long, confifting of many fmall chaffie husks.

LXXVIIL 6. Gramen Caninum bulbofum vel no-
dofum vulgar efCommon bulbed or knobbed Dogs-Grafs.
It has for its Roots three, or four, or more round
white Bulbs or Knobs , one fet upon the head of a-
nother , with feveral Fibres underneath them , from
the uppermoft of which fpring forth feveral long
hard graffie Leaves, fhatp at the edges, and in the
middle of them a jointed Stalk, with three or four
fuch like Leaves upon them, at the top of which is
a long Panicle, fpread into many parts, like to that
of Oats , whereunto fome have compared it. Lob el
has another fort hereof, differing little in any part
but the Roots, which are fmall and round, and fet at
diltances all along the Roots, and full as fweet as
the other. The firft of thefe is the Gramen nodofum
avenacea plurna Bauhini , who queltions whether it be
not the Jig Hops P/ini /, which has a kind of bulbous
or tuberous Root.

LXX1X. 7. Gramen Caninum nodofum fpica par-
va Tuberous or Knobbed Grafs with a fmall round
fpike. It has a fmall whitifh round Bulb or Knob
for the Root, with fmall Fibres under it, {hooting
forth from the head thereof another, fomething like
unto a Bulb, but much fmaller , and like a {lender
knob , with a fmall jointed Stalk above it , and a
long narrow pointed Leaf at each of them , being

hfour or live Inches long, and at the top one fhort
foft fpiked head , fomething like to the head of
Cat stall- Grafs.

L XXX. 8. Gramen Caninum Geniculatum majus ,
The greater Kneed Grafs. It has a large fibrous
buffiy Root, from whence fpring many long trailing
Branches upon the Ground, with feveral great Joints
on them, and {hooting out Fibres from thofe Joints
which lye next the Ground , l'o that it does fome-
times run twenty Foot in length, with one long
Leaf at each Joint, fmall at the end, but broadeft
below , from which , as well as at the top , come
forth divers fmall long fpikes of chaffie husks , of
an over worn color , which Stalks and Joints are fo
full of a moft pleafant Juice, that it feeds Cattel
much better than any other Hay, and therefore thofe
Husbandmen who have it growing in their Grounds
do keep the Hay thereof for their chief Winter {fore,
and inltead of Provender •, this is that which is com-
monly called Dutch Grafs , and grows very plenti-
fully in Plantations in Florida , and other parts of
the Weft Indies.

LXXXI. 9. Gramen Geniculatum minus , The lef-
fer Kneed-Grafs. The Root is fibrous or thready,
like the former , this Grafs creeps not fo much on
the Ground as the greater does , but fpreads more
upright with its Stalks, whofe Joints are not alto-
gether fo great as the other, and have at their tops
fpiked heads, which are fomewhat larger than thofe
of the greater Kind , and of a fadder overworn
color.

LXXXII. 10. Gramen Caninum Geniculatum Ma-
ritimum fpicatum , Sea fpiked Dogs-Grafs. It has a
long creeping Root, full of Joints, with many fmall
Fibres running from the Joints , and creeping much
under Ground; from feveral of the Joints of this
Root fpring up feveral jointed Stalks , about a Foot

high, with hard Leaves thereon a Span long, and
like to the other Dogs-Grafs ; rhe lpiked heads are
Shorter by much, and harder than the Common Kind
at Sefl. 7?. aforegoing.

LXXXIII. It. Gramen Caninum Maritimum vul-
gal/o Canaria fimile , Sen Dcgs-Grafs. This is a llen-
derer , harder , and lanker Grafs than the Common
Kind , and of a more blewifh green color, and differs
not in any thing elfe-, but there are two other forts
hereof, the one differing in the Roots, which at the
feveral Joints as it runs does Shoot up the like Stalks,
Leaves, and fpiked Tufts, and will be fometimes
twenty Foot in length, with a number of thofe Stalks
and Leaves at them ; the other differing in the fpikes,
which have two orders or rows in them.

LXXXIV. 12. Gramen Caninum allerum Mari-
timum longitts Radicalism Sen Dogs-Grafs with long
Roots. It has a very long Root, and differs little
from the former, either in the hard Leaves or in the
running Roots, but that they fpread more, and in-
ftead of fpiked heads at the tops of the Stalks, this
has chaffie heads among the Leaves.

LXXXV. 13. Gramen Camnum Maritimum fpi-
calitm Amcricanum, American Sea fpiked Dcgs-Grafs.
It has (lender woody Roots, with but few Fibres
adjoining thereto, from whence fpring up feveral
trailing Stalks, a Foot or more high, with feveral
Joints and Branches at them, and Ihort narrow Reed
like Leaves on them, at the tops whereof grow fpi-
ked heads, three Inches long, of a dark Alh color.

LXXXVI. 14. Gramen Camnum Maritimum af-
perum , Rough Sea Dogs-Grafs. It has a Root which
is a buffi of long white Fibres, from whence fpring
many reddiffi round fmall Stalks, about a Foot high,
which at firlt lean downwards ; they are encompufled
with hard, fliort, and fharp pointed Leaves , Hand-
ing as it were in a Tuft together, with hard rough
dents about the edges; the fpiked heads are fome-
what like unto fmall rough hard Burs, breaking out
of a Skin, in which they were fell enclofed.

LXXXVII. The Places and Times. Tile firlt of
thefe is common to be found throughout all England
in Ploughed Fields, and other like Grounds ; the fe-
cond and third are nothing fo frequent as the for-
mer, but are more natural to Sandy and Chalky
Grounds; the fourth is likewife found in Fields
which have been Plowed and do lye Fallow ; the fifth
is often found growing on old decayed Stone or
Brick Walls in feveral places; the fixth grows not
fo common as the firft kind or Creeping Rooted-
Grafs , yet fufficiently plentiful in many Plowed
Fields of this Kingdom ; the feventh is alfo found
in Plowed Fields, and borders of moift Meadows
near Copfes, Hedges, or Thickets of Wood, and in
fome places near Baftl-, the eighth and ninth grow in
moiit Meadows in feveral places of this Land, bur
have been efpecially obferved the eighth to grow a-
bout Wilton, in a great Meadow lying among the
Bridges, at the Towns end, belonging to the Earl of
Pembrook, and the ninth at Warminfter , both of
them in Wiltjhire ; the tenth, eleventh and twelfth
have been obferved on our SeaCoafts, efpecially
upon the Kentijh Shoar ; the thirteenth upon our
Southern Coalls, in plorida alio, likewile about
Alompelier and Narbone in prance-, the fourteenth
on fome of our Shoars, as alfo on the Venetian and
trench Shoars, about Mompelier, &c. The firft nine
Flower and Seed in the beginning and height of the
Summer, the laft five flourifti and perfeff their Seed
at the latter end of Summer.

The Virtues.

LXXXVIII. The firft five of thefe Graffes have
all one and the fame Virtues, but the firft of them,

as it is moft common, io it is eifeemed to be of
greateft effeff ; the Effence, or Decoction of its Roots
opens obitruftions of the Liver, Spleen, Gall, Blad-
der, and Reins, eales Gripings of the Belly, and
waites the Morbifick or Tartarous Matter which
breeds the Stone in the Bladder, and heals Ulcers
there; being bruited and applied it conUidates
Wounds; the DeceEfion provokes Urine, ftrength-
ens the Stomach, and flops Vomitings; the Roots
are cold in the firft degree, and temperate in rcfpefl
of moifture and drynelS; the Diftilled Water is gi-
ven to Children for the Worms, but it is much
more effeftual if Worm-Seed be added to it.

LXXX1X. The Bulbous , Tuberous, or Knobbed
Dogs-Grafs , viz. the fixth and feventh, are found by
experience to be very efteEfual to provoke Urine,
and more powerful than the firft Dogs-Grafs for the
lame purpofe, as alfo to break the Stone, and cafe
thofe torments of the Belly which come by Fluxes,
Bloody Fluxes, crudity of Humors, and obitruflions
of the Vifcera ; and may be ufed in any cafe to which
the other may be applied.

XC. The Kneed Dogs-Graffes, as alfo all the Sea
Dogs-Grafes,' are generally held to be aseffeHualas
the firft, or Common kind , bur this is to be obferved
that the Sea Kinds are more effeaual for Rich as live
by the Sea fide, and Marfhy, or Maritime places,
and the Land kinds for l'uch as live in the Midland
or far from the Sea Shoar, or Salt Water lides. ’

XII. A>f«- n tita, Gramen Pumi/am vel namtm ,
Dwart-Grafs, three Kinds.

XCI. 1. SticyiJ.7lj.uQ-, Gramen Xerampelinum ,
Gramen Pratenfe rubrum mintmum,Red Dwarf -Grafs.
It has a Root confifting of many little Bulbs, cover-
ed with a reddiffi Film or Skin, with very many
fmall, hairy, and white Fibres or Threads ; the Stalk
is (hort and round, and the Ear is of a reddiffi color,
not much differing from the Grafs called Ifclwmon,
but rhe Ear is fofter, broader, and more beautiful. ’
XCI1. 2. Gramen minimum Pratenfe album. White
Dwarf -Grafs. This has many Fibrous or’ Hairy
Roots, the Leaves are lmall and fliort, as alfo the
Stalk, the top of which bears a Panicle, not much
unlike the Small Meadcrta-Grafs , but lefler; the co-
lor thereof is fometimes white, and fometimes red-
diffi.

XCIII. 3. Gramen minus duriufculttm. Small hard
Grafs. It has fmall Roots, compafl of little Strings
or Threads, from which fpring forth many harffi,
fowre, or Rufliy Leaves, about an Inch and half
long; the Tuft or Ear is compatl of many Panicles,
or very lirtle Ears , which in feeling are very hard
or harffi ; the Grafs is unpleafant , and not good
Food for Cartel.

XCIV. The Places and Times. Thefe all grow
in Fields and Meadows, more efpecially on Hearhy,
rough , and dry barren Grounds , in moft places of
England ; they grow , flourifti, and come to perfe-
ttion in the Summer Months , as other Meadow-
Graffes do.

XIII. rr.i.Gihm, Gramen Plumofum , Feather-

Grafs, two Species or Kinds.

XCV. 1. Gramen Plumofum, Gramen Tomento-
ftm , vel Arundinacetm , Peather-Grafs. It has a
Root which is tough and hard , from whence arites
a long benry Stalk, three Feet high, or more, naked,
without any Blades or Leaves for the moft parr, at
the tops of which grow long Ipiky Heads or Ears,
replenifhed with Chaffie and Downie Tufts, which
make a very pretty (how.

XCVI. 2, Spartum

Salmon s Herbal . Lib. L

XCVI. 2. Sputum Anfiriacum Clufij , G/-aw«i
Pinnatum Dalechampij , Gramen Plumofum Hifpani-\
cum, Spanifh Peather-Grajs. It has a Root conlilt-
jng ot many fmall gtatbe Fibres, from whence lpring
fmall Leaves, a Foot high, round, green, andlharp
pointed, and among thele Leaves rile up many 11 nail
Stalks, not exceeding the height of the Leaves, which
bear a Spike, having three or tour Seeds, ending in,
or lending up very line white Feathers, relembling
the (mailer fort of Feathers of the Wings ot the
Bird ofParadice; it is a Native of Spain, but grows
with us in our Gardens. ,

XCVII. The Places and Times. The hrft grows in
very Fertil Fields and Paftures, and by their borders
near Hedges, and ftourilhes in Summer.

XIV. eoMiavOti, Gramen Polyanthum , Grefs 1

many Flowered, Gramen piliceum , Fern-Grafs.
XC'VIII. It is alfo called Heragroftk Grace Gra-
men Panieulatum , Gramen Pamculofum 1 balaroiies
Lobe/ij , and is a lingular Plant. It has Roots and
Leaves not much unlike the Common MeadoveG rajs,\
the Stalk riles to be about a Foot high, and at top
thereof it bears a beauritul Panicle, (tor which rea-
lon the Spaniards and trench call it tire Lovey-
G raj's.) This Head confifts ot many little Ears, lna-
ped much like thole of the Ordinary f uaktng-GraJs ,
but longer and flatter , being compofed ot more
Scales, to that each of them fomewhat relembles the
Leaf of a Small fern, whence the Name. Thele
tops when they are ripe and white, are gathered
where they naturally grow , to beautify and adorn
Garlands. , ... . I

XC1X. The Places and Times. It glows wild in
Spam and Prance, but with us in Gardens, and blow
ers in the Summer Months.

XV. ’Aw/ntm?©-, Alopecuros , Cauda Vulpic, Gramen I
Tomentojum Alopecuros vera Plinij , Foxtail-Grafs, I
three Kinds.

'A'j.fwr/f ttro7Tvos£?i<f'ti, Gramen Alopccuroidcs , Baltard I
Foxtail-Grafs, nine Kinds. '

The true poxtail-Grafs , has a periling Fibrous Root,
grows up with two or three loft hoary Stalks , a
Foot high, with fmall, long, narrow, foft Leaves,
as hoary as the Stalks , on the tops of which grow
fomewhat long,, round, foft, woolly or hoary heads,
fet with foft hairs, of a pale Straw Color, refem-
bling a Fox Tail.

CL 2. Alopecuros altera Anglic a & Plandrica ,
Another Eng/ijh and Pie miff) Poxtail Grafs. In Roots
and Leaves it is much like the former, but the Stalks
grow not fo high , the heads are alfo fhorter and
rounder, and not fo woolly or hoary.

(Treat Stylish,

ix tai/e
Greff

Foxtail Crajs trite.

CII. 3. Alopecuros maximAAnglica, The grcatefl
Eng/ijh Poxtail Grafs. From a like Fibrous Root
the” Stalks grow up to be half a Yard, or two Feet
high, having fair large Wheat like Leaves fet at the
Joints, and at the tops great, large, full, foft, and
woolly heads, like the former, laving that they are
much greater and longer, and this whether the Stalk
is higher or lower. .

C1I1 4. Gramen Alopecuroiaes majus, the great-
er Ballard Poxtail-Grajs. It has a Fibrous Root,
and riles up with a Stalk three Feet high with a
few Leaves long and narrow thereon, the Spike is
fomewhat great and long, but not fo foft and woolly
as the former.

CIV. 5. Gramen Alopecuroiies Cufpidatum maxi-
mum Anghcum , Our greatefi Baftard Boxiail-Grajs-
From a bufhy fibrous Root lpring up many long nar-
row Leaves, and among them Stalks three Feet high,
with few Joints and Leaves on them, at top ot which
Hands the longeft ipiked head of any other, fome-
what pointed at the top, and broad at bottom, with
white Hairs on the Husks, fomewhat like thole ot
Oats.

CV 6 Gramen Alopecitroides Ciifpidatum ina/us.

that the fpiked head is longer, and fpiring upwards,
is linall at the top, but lomeching broad below,
with Oaten like Husks fet on them j the Leaves alfo
are more, and much fhorter.

CVI. 7. Gr amen Alopecuroides fpica afperfa bre-
vi. Short rough Ear'd Bayard Eoxtai /-Grafs. It has
a fmall white perilhing Root, from -Whence fpring
up two or three upright fmall Stalks , with fome-
what narrow and foft Leaves on them , at whole
tops Hand thick fhort rough heads, an Inch and half
long, not fully, but as it were half round the Stalk,
the backfide being as it were bare, fo that they feem
to ftand but on one fide^ in thefe heads is contained
the Seed, which is fmall and white.

CVII. 8. Gramen Alopecuroides Spica longa ma-
jtts Lf minus , Bajlard Foxtail-Grafs long Ear'd great
and fmall. Thefe Grades are much like one ano-
ther, one being greater, the other fmaller, both in
Stalk and Leaf the fpiked heads are long and Ren-
der, and of a whitifh color.

CVIII. 9. Gramen Alopecuroides minus Spica af-
per a longa , Small Bajiard Foxtail- G rafs long rough
Ear ' d. It differs from the laft, in being greener, more
replenilhed with Stalks and Leaves, the fpiked
heads being more Render, long alfo, and rougher.

CIX. 10. Gramen Alopecuroides Cuf pi datum mi-
nus, Bajiard Foxtail-Grafs fmall fharp pointed. Ii
grows about a Foot high, ftored but with few Joints,
and fhort narrow Leaves on them , having a Spike
or Ear almoft as big as the laft, but fharper pointed,
with fome pieces growing out of the fides.

CX. 11. Gramen Alopecuroides Cufpidatum mini-
mum, Smalleft Bajiard Foxtail-Grafs pointed. This
is lefler than any of thofc going before, in Stalks and
Leaves , but longer in both, as is alfo the Spike or
Ear, which is very fmall. Render, and pointed at
the end.

CXI. 1 2. Gramen Alopecuroides alterum Radice
repent e , five Pfeudofcbuenanthum, Another Bajiard
Foxtail-Grafs with a creeping Root, called alfo Ba-
jiard Schmnant. It has a creeping Root, which
fpreads it felf under Ground, fhooting forth Leaves
and Stalks in feveral places ; the Plant fomewhat
refembles the great ejl Englijh Foxtail-Grafs (at Se£t.
102. N®. 3. above J faving that this has thicker, hard-
er and ftiffer Leaves, like unto Rujhes *, the Head or
Spike is long aad clofe, five or fix Inches long, of
a Silver like fhining color, but the Blooms are of a
pale red, and the Husks redder, which when it has
flood long, begins to open it felf, expofing its
Do wny fubftance to the T‘ ’

CXII. The Places and Times. The firft and
twelfth grow with us only in Gardens, the other ten
grow in Fields and Meadows in many places of
England, fome of them about Hackney, near Lon-
don, and feveral others of them in Kent-, I have
found them all in Fields, Paftures , and Meadows
in many parts of Norfolk • and they all keep the
times of Flourifhing and Seeding with other Mea-
dow-GraJJes.

Hairy IFood-Grafs narrow Leav d /offer

XVI. vAy§ar/i xdoict, Gramen Hirfutum , Lf Hirfu-
tum Nemorofum, Hairy-Grafs, and Hairy Wood-
Grafs, nine Kinds.

CXIII. 1. Gramen Hirfutum latifoliumNemorum
majus. The greater Hairy Wood- Grafs broad Leav'd.
It has a Root confuting of a tuft of many fmall
long Fibres or Threads , and has feveral long and
fomewhat broad Leaves riling from the Root, fmal-
ler to the end, greyilh underneath, and green above,
fet about the edges with whitilh fmall long Hairs ^
the Stalk rifes up from among them, and comes to
be about two Feet high, with Leaves at the Joints,

45°

Salmon’ s 'Herbal.

Lib. 1.

ing, having many long and narrow Leaves growing
at the Roor, as hairy as any*, the Stalk has two or
three Joints, and Ihorc Leaves on them , and at the
top leveral fmall heads Handing upright on a lmull
hairv Footftalk.

CXV. 3. Grams n h'irfutum Nemorum ft tear ma-
jus tuberofa Radicc , A greater early hairy W ood-Grajs
with a tuberous Root. The Root is thick , lome-
what ihort and brown, almoft like a Torment il Root,
with a great number of fmall brownifh hairs cover-
ing it very thick*, the Leaves aie larger than the
firft of a deeper green color, and as hairy tilio ^ at
the joints of the Stalks are Leaves, as in the other,
and luch like heads or knops of flowers as in the
firft. . f ..

CXVI. 4. Gramcn birfutum Nemorum latijoliim
minus Juncea Paniculu , The leffer broad Leav d
hairy Wood-Grafs with Rufh like Panicles. It is ve-
ry like in its growing to the firft, but that the Leaves
hereof are narrower, and the Panicle or tufted head
at top of the fmall Stalks is fmaller, and lomething
refembling the tops of Rujhes.

CXVII. 5. G ramenhirfutum Nemorum majusan-
eul} folium , The greater narrow Leav'd hairy Wood-
Grafs. The Root is fmall and long, with fmall
Fibres adjoined thereto *, this Plant is very like in
its manner of growing unto the firft broad Leav d
Kind , but that the Leaves are much narrower, lhort-
er, and turning downwards at firft j the Stalk is
bare, without Joint or Leaf, having at the top three
fmall , rough , and almoft round fcaly heads let

together. ,* _T

CXVIII. 6. Gramcn hirfutum Nemorum majus
angullifolium alterum , Another great narrow Leav'd
hairy Wood-Grafs. It has a fmall reddifh fibrous
Root, from whence rifes up a Stalk, about two feet
high, and fmooth , bearing commonly at top a loft
white Panicle, fomewhat fpread abroad, and com-
pofed of feveral fmall Scales as it were in every
one of which lies a fmall round blackilh Seed } the
Leaves are few , a little hairy , and fome of them
encompaffing the Stalk; the whole Panicle has two
fmall Leaves fet at bottom thereof, the one riling
higher than it, the other lower.

CX1X 7. Gramen birfutum Nemorum minimum ,
The fmalletl hairy Wood-Graft. This has a greater
itore of long hairy Leaves than the fecond, but in
all things elle , as in its Heads and Flowers , it a-
grees therewith , hut is indeed whiter than the
reft.

CXX. 8. Gramcn birfutum Nemorum , five exile
ferrugineum, Small brown hairy Wood-Grafs. It has
a Root which is fmall and fibrous, and the Grafs
it felf is as fmall as the laft, but with leffer ftore ol
Leaves- the heads on the Stalks are woolly , and
not fully round, but a little flat, and of a yellowifti
brown color, and the Stalks themfelves are about
four or five Inches high.

CXXL 9. Gramen birfutum capitulis G/obofs,
Globe beaded baity Wood-Grafs. The Root is fmall
and thready , from whence rifes long Leaves , as
broad as the fourth Kind aforegoing, with fome
fmall foft hairs about the edges; the Stalks are a-
bout a Foot high, with Joints and Leaves on them,
the tops being furnilhed with two or three round,
foft, white woolly heads, compofed of many fmall
Silver Like Threads.

CXXII. T be Places and Times. All thefe grow
in many Woods throughout England , fome about
Hiebgate , and in Hornfey Wood, and other places,
and Flower all of them in the Summer Months, or

near the end of Summer, except the third, which

Flowers a Month or two earlier than the reft.

XVII. ’Ao1m4. bejhtca, Octtlus Capri nits , Haver-
Grafs, or Peter-Corn, two Kinds. .

CXX1II. t. JEgilops Ita/ica , JEgilops Narbonen-
fts , Fejluca Ita/ica , JEgilops Diofcoridis , P rumentum
Sy/veftre Sicilie , Italian Havergrafs , or Peter-Corn.
It has a Root compofed of a lmall head, with ma-
ny long Fibres growing from it, from which fpring
feveral Grafs-like Leaves, of a pale green colot; the
Stalk is jointed in three or four places, with Leaves
at them , and at the tops two or three heads , fet
one above another, which are round, and fomewhat
long, hard and ftiiped, having feveral Beards at the
ends of them ; the Seeds ate a little fmaller than
Barley, each Seed wrapped up in a crefted Skin, out
of which the Awnes put themfelves forth.

CXX1V. 2. JEgilops Bromoides Belgarum Lobe-
lij, teftuca prior Dodonn , Avena SylveflrU , five
nigra Thalij, Dutch Havergrafs , or Peter-Corn. It
has a Root which is fomewhat like the former, but
the head from whence the Fibres proceed is not fo
confpicuous , and indeed the Grafs is very like the
laft both in Stalk and Leaf, the top only is in part
like to the Naked Oat , and in part to the former
Havergrafs, having fome Beards fet at every husk,
within which lye long rough brown Seed.

CXXV. The Places and Times. The firft is fre-
quent in Italy and prance, where it is found among
their Corn, being a degenerate kind of Barley, and
in fome places the Poorer People ufe it to make
Bread of; with us it is only Sown in Gardens ; the
fecond is found as plentifully in England as the Low
Countries, and they are both ripe in July and An-

&“?■

The Virtues.

CXXVI. Lobe! fays that he had often tryed the
JEgilops to be effeflual in curing that hollow Ulcet
in the Eyes called JEgilops, or Fiftula Tacbrymalit ,
for it has a drying quality without fhatpnefs ; heal-
fo fays that the Seed put into Drink caufes a kind
of Druukennefs , and that the burnt Afties of the

Stalks

Chap* 327. ‘Engltjh Herbs,

i r*

Stalks ate good againlt Pituitous Tumors, and the
Gout, bathing with the Lye made thereof; and rhat
it dilfolves hard Tumors and Kernels in the Flelh ,
difcufling Swellings of the Joints, For the Fillula
Lachrymalis. Take the whole Plant, Root and green
Seed three farts , Roots of Vi ild Oats one part , boil
in a fufficient quantity of Water til 1 a third fart is
confumed , from, and add an equal quantity oj Ho-
ney, and boil to the thicknefs of a Syrup , to every
Quart of which add fine Aloes in fine Ponder one
Ounce , nix and dijfolve , in which wet Tents , and
put them up the Noflrils. Dodonatus. A jo the
Juice of the Plant mixed with Barley Meal to a foft
Pafte and infpijfated , is good for the fame purpofe-,
mix a little of it with Dam.uk Rofe Water to a thick-
nefs, and apply it Plaijleraife to the iEgilops or Fi-
ftula, and it will cure it ; it alfo foft e ns and difcujfes
hard Tumors in other parts of the Body.

XVIII. "kyratu Gramen Echinatum , Hedge-

Hog-Grafs, or prickly headed Grafs, four kinds.

CXXVII. t. Granten Echinatum vulgare Com-
mon Hedge-Hog , or prickly headed Grafs , Gramen
Pa/u/ire Echinatum Lobelij, Gramen aculeatum Da-
lechampij. It has a fibrous or thready Root, which
fends up divers Graffie Leaves, and among them fe-
veral (lender Stalks, leaning this way and that way,
on which are fet fliort fpiked heads, very rough and
lharp, made of many husks, in which lies the
Seed.

CXXVIII. 2. Gramen Echinatum Itdlicum acule-
atum Matthio/i, Matthiolus his Hedge-Hog , or prick-
ly headed Grafs. It has a fibrous Root, which fends
up fmall Gtals Leaves and Stalks, much like the
Small common Grafs , but at the Joints with the
Leaves come fof ih fmall prickly heads , folded in
husks, and ending in three points, in which lye fmall
long pointed Seed.

CXXIX. a. Gramen Echinatum planum, Gramen
Spica plana Echinata Bauhini, plat Hedge-Hog , or
prickly headed Grafs. It rifes up not much higher
than a Palm or Hand breadth, and from a white
Root, made of many Fibres, it fends forth a lew
fmall hairy Leaves, an Inch long, as alfo a fine and
fmall Stalk, with a flat fpiked head, and very fharp
Awnes at the ends of the Husks.

CXXX. a. Gramen Echinatum Adontanum Tn-
bulotdes Echinata Bauhini, Gramen Spica fubrolutda

Echinata Col urn a Gramen hchinaro Capitmo , -eel
Capitulate, lledge-Hog, or round prickly headed Grafs:
It has a Robt compofed ol many white Threads,
fending forth l'ome lew narrow rough Leaves, two
or three Inches long, among Which rife up {lender
Stalks, lome higher fame lower, with one or two
Joints, and Leaves at them, each having at the top
a fmall round head, fet with very (bmp prickles,
within the husks whereoflyes clear white Seed.

CXXXI. The Places an i Times. The fir 11 grows
in Watery Meadows and Fields, as in Sr. George J
Fields, near London , and fuch other like places -,
the other three grow in dry places, and old Mud
Walls, they all Hourilhing and Seeding at the ufual
times with othel Grajjes.

XIX. "kysusis y ovetsudni, A rulsyiiarn, Gramen Ge-
niculatum , Kneed-Grafi, two Kinds.

CXXXII. I . Gramen Geniculatttm Prattvfe lia^

a fibrous and hairy Root, from whence come ltraight
upright ftrawy Stalks , with manifold Joints, like
to thofe of Corn , which are very large and confpi-
cuous , having thereat many fmall Graflie Leaves ,
and bearing at their tops fpiky rough Panicles, of a
dark brown color.

CXXXIII. 2. Gramen Geniculatum Aquaticum,
Water Kneed-Grafs. It has a thready Root like
the former, from which rife many long and (lender
Stalks, jointed with many large, knobbed and gouty
Knees, altnoft like unto Reed , let with broad baggy
Leaves, fomething (harp pointed, bearing at their
tops TufcS br Panicles , divided into feveral fmall
Branches, of a duskilh color.

CXXXIV. i he Places and Times . The firlf
grows in fertile and moilt Meadows , the other in
moil! and plalhy Fields , and places apt to retain
much Wet, alfo at the bottoms of Banks, by Ditch
and Hedge fide, and fiourilh when the other Grajfes
do.

XX. 'tsyfisi: ntiu&riai Gramen Pratenfe, Meadow-
Grafs, five kinds.

CXXXV. f. Gramen Pratenfe vulgatius majus ,
The greater common Meadow-Grafs. It has a bulhy
M m m 2 fibrouf

fibrous Root, from whence rile up many Graffie
Leaves and among them ieveral Stalks, half a yard
high , bearing a fparfed Tuft at the top of them,
fomewhat reiembling the Feather like heads ol the
W liter Reed.

CX XXVI. 2. G r ame n P rat enfe minus, Thefm all
Meadow- Grafs. This in its Roots, Leaves and Stalks
is not much unlike the former , faying that it is e-
very way l'omething lefs, and its (piked Panicles are
manifold, growing upon the Stalk lefs and lefs, till
they come to the very top. Of this kind there are
two other forts, both fmaller than this, the one with
white tufted tops , and the other with reddilh tuft-
ed tops, the fill! more fparfed, the laft more clofe
together. ...

CXXXVII. 3. Gramcn multiplici Panicula Pra-
tenfc , Meadow-Grafs with manifold Tufts. The
Root ’is a thick bufh of white Fibres, from whence
rife up divers Stalks, a Span long, jointed, and a
little bending downwards -, the Leaves are fmall
Grafs Leaves, and the Tufted Head or Panicle is
manifold, and much divided, which when ripe
grows hard, and is of a fad reddilh color-

CXXXVIII. 4. G rumen Prat enfe P aniculatum
nolle, Soft Tufted Meadow-Grafs. It has a fhort
bulky fibrous Root , from whence feveral long and
fomewhat broad, foft, or woolly Grafs Leaves fpring,
from among thefe Leaves rife up two or three Stalks,
a Cubit high, with fome Leaves upon it, and at top
comes forth a foft woolly fpiked head, much divi-
ded, whole Bloomings are reddilh.

CXXX1X. 5. G rumen odor at um P aniculatum
Germanicum , Sweet Dutch-Grafs with tufted beads.
It has a Root which creeps in the Ground, which
is white, and full of Joints , Ihooting out Fibres
at every one of them •, the Stalks are two or three
Feet high, with but few Joints on them, whofe
Leaves are almoft as long, and fome of them exceed
the height of the Stalks, being narrow, and fmall
at the ends; at the top of each Stalk grows a Pa-
nicle, but nothing near fo much fpread as the for-

mer, the which for their fweetnefs fome ufe< to lay
among Garments, or Linnen, to perfume it.

XXI. as/{ 'Otmv^Oeiy ifpik-tf, GrametiP AtiiculatUifi

Montamtm , Mountain Tuhed-Grafs, five Kinds.

CXL. 1. Grdmeti Mcntanum Panicula fpadicea
deli cat iore , Soft Mountain-Grafs with a reddjfh or
bright bay Panicle. It has a fmall white Root, with
Ihort Fibres, which fends up three or fout jointed
Stalks, a Foot high , having a few fmall and Ihort
Leaves on them , and fuch likewife at the foot of
the Stalks, but few in number ; at the top Hands a
brownifh or bay colored Panicle, three Inches long,
compofed of many very fmall husks : this is fome-
times found growing higher, and with larger Pani-
cles.

CXLI. 2. Gramen Montanum Paniculatum altif-
fimum , Tall Tufted Mountain-Grafs. It has a Root
which creeps in the Ground, and futnifhed with fe-
veral f ibres, whence rife two or three very tall Reed
like Stalks, two or three Feet or more high, bearing
fair broad green Leaves on them, like unto Cyperus ,
and at the tops of the Stalks many fmall tufted Pa-
nicles-, both Stalks and Leaves are fo tough, that
fome Country People make them Coats or Garments
thereof, to defend them again!! the Weather, and
Husbandmen make Ropes and Traces thereof for
their Horfes, wherewith to draw their Ploughs.

CXLII. 3. Gramen Mcntanum avenaceum , Moun-
tain Havergrafs , or Oat Grafs. It has fmall creep-
ing Roots : the Stalks are about a Foot and half
high, {lender, jointed, and fet with Ihort narrow
Leaves. At the tops of the Stalks grow the Lars,
which are long* {lender and bending, compofed of
Downy Husks, containing a Seed like to a naked
Oat.

CXLIH. 4. Gramen Montanum fpicatum Clufii ,
Mountain fpiked Grafs. It has a Root of about a
Fingers thicknefs, parted fometimes into two or
three Strings, with many Fibres thereat, and fome-
what hairy at top, which (hoots forth Ieveral Heads
of Leaves, each containing five or fix, fomewhat
long, thick, and half hollow, like a Gutter, very-
like to thole of the greater Thrifty compafling one
another at the bottom, a little bitter and (harp in
Tafte ; from the middle of which fpring up (tiff,
fmooth, bare and knotlefs Stalks, about' a Foot
high, bearing at the tops Ieveral fmall Flowers, fet
Spike-fafhion, and of a greenilh color.

CXLIV. 5. Gramen Montanum fpicatum angufli-
folium , Spiked Mountain Grafs with narrow Leaves.
It has a Root which runs under the upper Cruft of
the Ground, full of fmall brownifh Fibres, running
one within another : its Leaves are long and nar-
row, and its Stalks long and ilender -, at the tops of
which are fpiked Heads, not much unlike the for-
mer.

CXLV. The Places and Times. They all grow
upon Hills and Mountains in many places of Eng-
land^ as alfo in other Countries ; and they flourilh
and feed when other Grafjes do. The Seed of the
third is ripe in July.

XXII. Myyjuaid.^ Gramen Miliar e , vel

Miliarium , vel Miliaceum ; Millet-Grafs, fix
Kinds.

CXLVI. I. Gramen Miliaceum vulgare, Common
Millet Grafs. It has a bufhy and fibrous Root ;
from whence rife up {lender jointed Stalks, with
two or three fomewhat large Leaves thereon : at
the top of each Stalk is a bufhy fpreading Tuft, of

many

45

o

Salmon s 'Herbal. Lib. 1.

Chap. 327 .

many long Feather-like Sprigs, confiding of many
fmall chaffy Husks ; within which is contained
finall Seed, which Birds greedily eat.

CXLVII. 2. Gramen Miliaceum Panicula fpecio-
fa , Gramen fegetum Panicula fparfa , Millet Grafs
with a fair Panicle , or Corn Grafs with a fparfed
Panicle. It has a bufhy fibrous Root, like the for-
mer 5 and grows up with a few long, foft, green
Leaves, like to thofe of Millet , fome below, and
others upon a {tiff, tall, round, fmooth, green, joint-
ed Stalk, a Yard and half high, bearing on its top
a bufhy, large, fpreading Tuft, fpread round into
many llender Branches, very like in its Form, Parts
and manner of Growing to the former Millet Grafs ,
Living that it is not only larger, but alfo more
beautiful.

CXLVIll. 3. Gramen Miliaceum alterum , Ano-
ther Millet Grafs. The Root is fibrous and red-
difh ; it has but a fmall weak Stalk, not much a-
bove a Foot and half high, with a few narrow
Leaves, four or five Inches long, growing at the
bottom , and two or three thereon at the Joints.
The Feather-like Tuft at the top is fpread abroad,
like the former , but the chatty Husks are much
fmaller and finer.

CXLIX. 4. Gramen Miliacea Panicula arundina-
ceum , A Reedy Grafs with Millet like Panicles. It
has a white fibrous Root, which fends forth feveral
Reed like Leaves, yet fhorter than the lalt ; among
which rifes up a Stalk or two, about a Foot and
half high, with two Joints thereon towards the tops,
and narrower and longer Leaves growing at them .
at the top fpreads forth a Feather like Tuft, not
much unlike the full, and of about three Inches
long.

CL. 5. Gramen Miliaceum Indicum , vel Gramen
Sorgbinum , Indian Millet Grafs , or Pipe Grafs. It
has a fibrous Root •, from whence fpring up Reed
like Stalks, half a Yard high, or fomething more,
with fair long Lilly like Leaves thereon, and a fpread

fpiked Top, confiding of many Panicles or Parrs at
bove, fomewhat like unto the Indian Millet , bur
with larger Seeds therein than in the Millet. Lobe/
calls it Gramen fonarum Flandrorum , becaufe Boys
there make Pipes of its Stalks,

CLI. 6. Gramen Miliaceum Indicum alterum , vel
Gr amen forghinum alterum , Another Indian Millet
Gr afs. It has hollow Stalks, like the lad, but they
are weak, bending down to the Ground, and fhoot
out Fibres at their Joints, whereby it roots it felf
afrelh ; having narrow long Leaves on them, the
Stalk feeming, as it were, to run thro’ them, like
to a Pipe ; and at the top fuch alike fpread fpiked
Head as the former, whofe Husks in the feveral
parts of it are fmaller.

CLII. The Places and Times. The fecond grows
in the Borders of Corn-fields , and Grounds which
have been Plowed, and flourilhes chiefly in the be-
ginning of Summer. All the other grow alfo in
Fields, and by Hedge-fides , as well in England as
in other Countries, tho’ obferved but by few who
are curious in Herbarifm, and fiourifh in June , July
and Augujl.

XXIII, "Ayzurit Bfaia, l. Cy\uiH f, Gramen Avena-
ceum , Oat Gral's. Twenty two Kinds.

CLIII. I. G rumen Bromoides maximum hirfutum.
The greatefi hairy Oat Grafs. It has a bufhy fi-
brous Roor, and the Plant is all hairy : the Stalks
and Leaves ate greater than thofe of Oats , being
four, five, fix or feven Feet high fometimes, whole
Panicle at top fpreads into many chaffy bearded
Ears, hanging down their Heads. It is found in
Paftures, about London , as alfo in EJfex.

CI.1V'. 2. Gramen Bromoides fegetutn Panicula la-
tiore , Great Corn Oat Grafs. It has Oat like Stalks,

four.

454

_ C

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. 1.

four, five or fix Feet long ; the Leaves are (hotter
and narrower * the top is much fpread, having di-
vers Ramifications, with many branched chaffy liars
coming forth at a Joint, btoadelt below, and fpring-
ing fmall upwards.

Great Corn Oat-Grafs.

CLV %. Gramen Avenaceum incamrn , Great
hoary Oat Grafs. It has fhort narrow Leaves, fome-
what hairy, and a little hoary withal. The Stalk
has but few Joints. The Panicle is fpread, like the
Lift but leffer, and is fomewhat hoary. This is
fometimes found leffer ; and grow both of them
in the Borders of Corn-fields, both in EJfex and

^ CLVI 4. Gramen Avenaceum Fratenfe , Meadow
Oaten Grafs. It has many Leaves growing next
the Root, which are long and narrow •, and the
Stalk is leffer and lowet than any of the former, but
the Panicles or Ears Hand at top, leffer fpread, and
not hoary, every one upon its own Foot-ftalk.

CLVII 5. Gramen Avenaceum fquamofa gluma ,
Scaley-ear’d Oaten Grafs. It has narrow Leaves,
eight or nine Inches long, a little hairy. The Stalk
is (lender, and has fuch alike Panicle as the latt ;
but that the fcaley Ears Hand fingle, every one up

on its own Threadlike Foot-ftalk.

CLVIII.' 6. Gramen Avenaceum pmnata longtuj-
cula fpica. Winged Oaten Grafs. It has a flender
Stalk higher or lower, according to the Place and
Goodnefs of the Soil. The Leaves are narrower
than the laft. The Panicle is fomewhat long, but
fmall, and not much fpread, each Part being, as it
were, winged or divided into feveral pieces, upon
one Rib or Foot-ftalk.

CL1X. 7. Gramen Avenaceum fihcea Famcula
Xerampelina , Red Fern like Grafs. It has red lhi-
ning Stalks, a Foot high. The Leaves are foft and
narrow. The Panicle at the top is three or tour
Inches long, of a whitifh green color, divided into
many winged Branches, many Parts being fee on both
fi les the Branch, and each Part divided, like a Fern

' "CLX 8- Gramen Avenaceum murorum erelium ,
1 \ aright Wall Oat Grafs. It grows upright, fome-
times a Span, and fometimes a Foot high. It has

as many Leaves almoft as any Grafs. The lpiked
Head is three ot lour Inches long, and fparied or
divided, each fmall Ear being bearded. It is often
found upon old Mud-walls which commonly cn*
dole Fields.

CLXI. 9. Gramen Avenaceum fupinum Arvenje ,

Low Meadow Oat Grafs. Its Leaves are as fmall
as the laft, an Inch' or Inch and half long. The
Stalks are flender and weak, leaning downwards,
with a few bearded Husks, and Spike- fafnioned at

t0PCLXII. 10. Gramen Avenaceum fupinum floj. cu-
lts fecalinis , Long-winged Oat Grafs with Rie like
Flowers. It fprings with many Stalks, but they lel-
dom rife up to be a Foot and half high •, are full of
Joints, and have fmall lhort Leaves on them, of a
whitifh green color. The tops are replenilhed with
four or five Oat like Heads, but more winged, and
with (hoit Awnes, fomewhat hard, and flowering
like Rif.

CLXIII. 11. Gramen Avenaceum exile , Joins
mollicel/ls. Small foft-leav'd Oat Grafs. It is very
like the Gramen exile durus , lo that it may be ea-
fily miftaken tor it, and differs therefrom only in
the Leaves, thefe being longer, and foft, as the whole
Plant is, and not above halt a Foot high, and fpiked
it its top, its parts being alfo winged.

CLX1V. 12. Gramen Avenaceum altera alteri
irmatum , Small Oat-Grafs one head fet in another.

It is a fine fmall Grafs, and much refembles the
Gramen Britaniaim Maritimum , having divers hard
Hair like Leaves, with very lmall Stalks, a Span,
or eight or nine Inches high , fome of which bear
their fmall Iharp Husks at their tops only, as fome
others do , and others of them out of a Tuft of
Leaves in the middle of the Stalk fend forth ano-
ther fhort Stalk, with fuch like fharp Husks on them
as on the other.

CLXV. 13. Gramen Avenaceum Montanum Clu-
fij Mountain Oat-Grafs with hoary hush. It has
a Root confining of feveral long Fibres, the Stalks
are flender and jointed , a Foot and half high, with
very narrow and long Leaves, and at tire tops a long
fpiked head, bowing the head clofe , with woolly
fhort husks , containing Seed like to thofe of Na-
ked Oats.

CLXVI. 14. Gramen Avenaceum Montanum al-
terum , Another Mountain Oat-Grafs without hoary
husks. It differs not in any thing from the former,
but in the fpiked head, whofe husks are not hoary,
as thofe others are.

CLXV1I. 15. Gramen Avenaceum gluma rariore
fpicatum , Spiked Oat-Grafs with afparfed,loofe,cbaf-
jie Ear. It has a fibrous or Itringy Root, and hairy,
running under Ground, it has flender, weak, clear
Stalks, a Foot high, with long Leaves on them ,
and at their tops weak, bending, fpiky heads, thinly
or fparfedly fet with fmall husks , containing Oat -
like Seed or Grain.

CLXVIII. 18. Gramen Avenaceum Xerampeli-
num , Red Oat-Grafs. This is fomewhat like the
latt, but with much lower Stalks, clear and reddilh,
the’husks at the top of them are more upright and
longer, having the like Oat Seed in them. A leffer
fort hereof has been found about Greenwich , in a
hungry Soil.

CLXIX. 17. Gramen Avenaceum locujtK rubrts ,
Oat-Grafs with red husks. It has a Root which is
long and white, like unto Dogs-Grafs , or gTuitcb-
Grafs, creeping in the Ground , having next to the
Earth narrow fhort Leaves, where the Stalk is red-
dilh, but they are longer up higher •, the husks are
fet lparfedly at the tops , all on one fide for the
molt part , and are of a dark reddilh Purple color,
but white within, witli fmall Grains within them.

CLXX. 18. Gramen

Chap. 327. ‘Englijh Herbs. ^57

CLXX. 18. Gramen Avenaceum glumis varijs ,
Oat-Grafs with party colored busks. Ic has a Root
which is thick, and is covered with a rough white
Bark, the Leaves are green, long and narrow, from
among which rife up two or three fmooth and brittle
naked Stalks, a Foot high, bearing a fhort fpike of
fmall husks, of divers colors.

CLXXI. 19. Gramen Bromoides , five Avenace-
um pauci Granum Coma nut ante fpicata , Oat-Grafs
with few Seeds. It is fomewhat hairy all over, the
Leaves are of a fad green color, fet on Stalks three,
four, or five Feet high , at whofe tops is a fpiked
bending head, having feven or eight fmall long husks,
with lew Seeds in them: this grows near Woods
iides in many places.

CLXXII. 20. Gramen Avenaceum Sylvarum ,
Wood Oat-Grafs. It has a Root which runs creep-
ing under the Earth, the Stalks are fmall in all the
parts, and weak, being not above half a Yard high,
with long , narrow , foft Leaves on them , and at
their tops a few Ihort husks, and open, like unto
fome of the Oat-GraJJes before.

CLXXIII. 2 1 . Gramen Avenaceum exile , Small
Wood Oat-Grafs. This has a fibrous Root, and the
Stalks are flender and fmaller in all their parts , yet
notwithftanding Hand a little more upright; the
husky tops are like the former.

CLXXI V. 22. Gramen Avenaceum gluma villofa
S'ylveftre , Hairy Wood Oat-Grafs. It has fibrous
and yellowilh Roots , the Stalks hereof are three
Feet high , with fmall narrow Leaves , four or five
Inches long, the fpiked heads have fomewhat long
and hairy husks , diftinftly fet one above another ,
and is often found lefs by the half than the other.

CLXXV. The Places and Times. The firft twelve
of thefe grow in many Fields throughout England ,
fome in one place, fome in another , fome in Mea-
dow Land, fome in Plowed Grounds , and fome in
Fallow; the thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, fix-
teenth, feventeenth and eighteenth grow upon
Mountains, and on Hilly Grounds, the fifteenth
and fixteenth have alfo been found growing in Den-
mark ; the laft four grow in Woods, and by W ood
fides, in Mountainous Woods, and other Woody
places : they all floufilh in the Summer Months.

XXIV. "Ayforit uiMvaH Gramen Melinoides , Gra-
men Paniceum , Panick-Grafs, fix Kinds.

CLXXVI. 1. Gramen Paniceum , Panicum Sylve-
(Ire Herbariorum , Wild Panick , or Panick - Grafs.
It has a fibrous Root, like unto Panick , it has fome
near refemblance alfo unto Millet in the fpreading
of the tufted head, being compofed of feveral parts,
each part by it felf near refembling a Panick head;
the jointed Stalk, with the Leaves thereon, are very
like unto Panick , yet much lefs in all , for which
reafon it is rather referred to Panick than to Millet.

CLXXVII. 2. Gramen Paniceum Spica [implicit
Panick-Grafs with ftngle Ears. It has weaker and
fmaller Stalks than the former, and fcarcely riling
upright, with Ihorter Leaves on them ; the tops of
the Stalks are feverally furnifhed with a fpiked
rough head, flicking to any Garment it touches ; it
is fmall at the top, and full of fmall whitilh Seed.

CLXXVIII. 3. Gramen Paniceum Sylvejlre^ Pa-
nicum Sylvcllre Dalechampij , Wild Panick-Grafs oj
Dalechampius. This differs from the laft, in that ir
grows more upright, and about two Feet high, the
Stalks have feveral Grafs like Leaves on them, but
longer and broader, with one ufually under the hairy
fpiked head, which fticks fo fait to their Garments
which touch it, that it is difficultly plutked off.

fliere is another of tins fort , which is iound with
us in England , which is fmaller, elfe but very little
differing*- .

CLXXIX. 4. Gramen Paniceum arijiis fengis .an
mat urn , Panick-Grafs bearded. It has a Root con*-
filling of many long Fibres, the Stalks and Leaves
are not much unlike to the fecond fort oi‘ Panick-
Grafs aforegoing, but larger and caller, having divers
brown heads at the tops, one above another . r ned
with long and fiiarp Beards or Awnes , 'like unto
Wheat or Barley.

CLXXX. 5. Gref ten Paniceum minus , Pa nicli
Grafs the leffer. This is leffer than any of the othe.'S
going before, having low bending Stalks, eight, nine,
or ten Inches long, and (harp long Leaves thereon,
with final I, long, chaffie Ears, like Cocksfoot -Grajs^
fer fparledly at the tops.

CLXXX I. 6. Gramen Paniceum Sylvefre Ang/i-
cum Cj Africum , Panick-Grafs Wild of England and
Barbary. It is a kind of Wild Panick Grafs , grow-
ing in feveral Woods with us, whofe Spike refembles
Panick: the like hereof has been brought to us out
of Barbary , having like Leaf and Head, and differs
from ours only in largenefs.

CLXXXI1. The Places and Times. Th tfeGraffes
grow all of them in England , and the firft of them
in prance , ufually among Kubbifh, and in walie
Grounds, as alfo in good and Manured Fields , and
bear their Heads and Spikes in the Summer Months,
as other Grapes do:

XXV. ( (petrous »f, iC, pd.Ka.fitJ'iK, Gramen Pha-
laroides , x} T^df.res Gramen 1 re-

m'ulum , velTremulcntum , Quaking-Grafs, Maid-
en hair-Grals, five Kinds.

CLX XXIII. I. Gramen Tremulant maximunt ,
Phalaris Pratenjis major , Gramen Phalaroidcs Pam-
culofum , G ratne n Panic ulis Elegantifsimis , vel
'Efy^urif majus Bauhini , The great tf Quaking-Grafs ,
or Maidenhair -Grafs. It has many narrow Grafs

like

Saimon’.r Herbal.

Lib. I.

like Leaves bow below and upon the jointed Stalks,
which are a Foot high and better-, on the tops of
the Stalks grow a number of fmall , flat , and long
fcaly like heads, greater than the following, and
each of them on a fine hairy Footftalk , and pendu-
lous, which are fometimes of a whitifh color when
they are ripe, and fometimes of a brownifh green
color , and are to be fhaken with the leaft Wind
imaginable.

Jhaking-Grafs Lefler.

CLXXXIV. 2. Gramen Tremulum medium, Pha-
laris Pratenfis minor Lobelij , JEgilops Tragi Cf Gefi
neri in Hortis , Gramen Polyanthos Lugdunenfis ,
The middle or lefier Maidenhair , or Qiiaking-Grafs.
It has a fibrous Root like the other, and grows fome-
thing like it in form , but with fewer Leaves and
Stalks, and a large Panicle or tufted head of green-
er, fhorter, and rounder Scale like pointed Ears,
(landing on fmaller or finer hairy Footftalks than the
former, which are in fuch continual motion , that
the moft Ready Hand cannot hold them ftill , or
from ftirring. Of this fort Boel has another, which
is fomewhat larger, and of a dull or brown black
color.

CLXXXV. 3. Gramen Tremulum parvum , Small
Maidenhair , or'^jiaking-Grafs. Of this there are
two forts, little differing in Leaves or Stalks from
the laft, the heads only are a little lefTer, and fo is
the whole Panicle alfo , the one of which is Party
Colored, of Purplifh and Green , the other is of a
Straw Color and White.

CLXXXVI. 4. Gramen Tremulum minus , vel
minimum Panicula parva Bauhini , The fmall or fimal-
left Maidenhair , or Qitaking Grafs. The Roots are
reddifh, creeping here and there, from whence rife
up two or three fhort Stalks, with few Joints and
fmooth, narrow, green Leaves at them, as the many
which grow below are } but out of the uppermoft
joint and the Leaf, as it were out of a Hofe, breaks
forth a fmall, long, fingle Spike of fmall fcaly heads,
of a brownifh color, with yellowifh Bloomings, at
their Seafon.

CLXXXYT1. 5. Gramen Tremulum maximum al-
bum Bauhini , Gramen elegans Lupuli glitmis Clujij ,
The white greatefi Maidenhair , or Quaking-Grajs .
It has a fmall and fibrous Root, perifhing every Year
with us , it is a fmall Grafs , with (lender Stalks ,
and a few foft green Leaves on them , at the tops
whereof Hand flattifh, loft, fcaly heads, greater by
much than any of the aforegoing , and of a Silver
lhining white color, very beautiful to behold, each
of them much like to the head of an Hop, hanging
upon a fmall Thread-like Footftalk, as the others do,
and are almoft as moving and ftirring as they are.

CLXXXV III. The Places and Times. All thefe
forts of GraJJes grow in Corn Fields , and in Lay
Grounds, which have been formerly Plowed, and
fome of them in dry Meadows and Paftures } the
firft, fecond, third, and fourth kinds grow not only
in England, but alfo in Spain, Italy, Wei} Indies,
and other Countries $ the third fort is found grow-
ing in Upland Corn Fields, as at Hatfield , Cfc. on
the Graflie Banks there ^ the fifth kind is a Native
of Spain, and grows with us only in Gardens, which
tho' it perilhes every Y'ear, yet feldom rifes again
of its own Sowing, but of the Sowing thereof in the
Spring $ but in Spain it Sows it felf , and abides all
Winter, in regard they have there no Frofts •, the
fourth fort flourifhes , and is in Bloom with us in
May and June .

XXVI. KaKctuoytusK, Calamogrofiis , xa.ro. txo.

uJ'tit, Gramen Arundinaceum , Reed-Grafs, thir-
teen Kinds, of which feven are of the Land Kind,
three of the Marjh Kind , and three of the Water
Kinds.

CLXXXIX. 1. Calamogrofiis, five Gramen Arun-
dinaceum majus , Gramen Arundinaceum Spica mul-
tiplier Bauhini, The greater Reed-Grajs. It has a
Root full of white Strings or Threads, and fome
jointed ones , which fpread in the Ground , from
whence rife up many jointed Stalks, alfo large, (harp,
cutting Leaves on them1, like to thofe of the Water-
Reed, but leffer -, the tops of the Stalks are f urnifh-
ed with feveral hard long Spikes or Heads, fome-
what like to the Common Reed, which when they
have flood long do open , and having a flocky lub-
ftance in them, are carried away with the Wind.
Another Kind is leflfer, and not having above one or
two Spikes thereon.

CXC. 2. Calamogrofiis altera minor, five Gramen
Arundinaceum minus Norwegicum, The lefier Reed-
Grafs. The Root confifts of many long Strings,
from which rife up Stalks, not fo high as the for-
mer, which , as well as the Leaves , are fomewhat
harder or rougher than the former, (which yet in
Norway are much more hard and rough) the fpokie
Tuft at the top is larger, more fpread into feveral
Panicles, fharper alfo, and a little rougher in hand-
ling.

CXCI. 3. Calamogrofiis nofir as Sylva Joannis ,
Reed-Grafs of John's Wood. It has a white Root,
with thick Strings , which f )metimes fpread under
the Ground , it is in its Stalks and Leaves a little
like the next Woolly Reed-Grafs, but the Stalks are
jointed in two or three places to the height of three
or four Feet, or more, with narrower Leaves, fharp-
er, and almoft three Feet long, being a little ftriped
withal^ the top Panicles are fometimes a Foot or
more long, parted into many long Spikes, which
are as folt as Silk , and of a fhining , overworn ,
Murry color.

CXC1I. 4. Calamogrofiis , five Gramen Tomento-
fium. Woolly Reed-Grafs. It has a Root which is

fomewhat

Chap. 327. EngUJh Herbs.

457

fomewhat hard and rough ar top, with feveral long
fibres proceeding from it-, the Stalks are three or
lour feet high, or more, having but few Joints;
rhefe Stalks are rough, and bear large fpiked heads,
let up a long Panicle, which are reddilh for fome
time, but growing to ripenefs are of a Ihining Silver
like whitenefs, and as foft as Wooll in handling;
this Plant in its roughnels, drynefs, and form of
Leaves, is not much unlike to that Baftard Loxtail-
Grafs called PJeudqfch^nanthum , or Bajlard Squi-
nanth , at Se£L 1 1 1. aforegoing, but much greater.

CXCIII. q Calamogrojtls PaniculaTorofa, Large ^
rounds Tufted Reed-Grafs. Its Root is fmall and
ftringy, it has narrow Leaves, fomething fofter and
gentler in handling than the others before, yet not
eaten by any Cattel except Goats-, the Tuft or Pa-
nicle it felf is more round and thicker, with fhorter
heads, fet clofe together like fmall Knots or Knobs,
but fomewhat flat on one fide ; its Bloomings are of
a yellowifh purple color, and fome of its Panicles
are found to be more long than round.

CXCIV. 6. Cahimogro/tis Montana Enodis , Scir-
pus prim 7/s Tragi , The greater Mountain Reed-Grafs.
It has a Root of Lome fmall fubftance , hard , and
having many Fibres adjoining to it, it grows up with
Itrong Stalks as high as a Man, without any Joints
on them, or having but one at themoft, having
thereat not hard, but foft long Leaves ; at the tops
of the Stalks are many long, llender, chaffie Spikes,
growing more fparfedly than the others , each of
which is of a bright reddilh yellow color, and Hand-
ing upright.

CXCV. 7. Calamogroftis Montana Enodis minor ,
The leffer Mountain Reed-Grafs. The Root is like
the former, but the reft of the Plant is much lower
and fmaller ; the Spikes are alfo lmaller and fhort-
er, and not Handing fo upright.

CXCVI. 8. Calamogrojlis Paluftris maxima , Gra-
men Arundinaceum Palujtre maximum , Great Marjh
Reed-Grafs. It has a Root which creeps far about
in Wet Marfhy places, from which it Ihoots forth
great, thick, and very tall Stalks, four, five, or fix
Feet high, jointed up to the tops, with long and
fomewhat broad, hard , rough , and flraked Leaves
fet thereon, but lels than thole below ; towards the
tops of the Stalks with the Leaves come forth many
fparfed Tufts of chaffie heads , Handing on fmall
long FootHalks , the whole Panicle being at leaft a
Foot long, and fometimes more.

CXCVII. 9. Calamogrofis nofir as ghona Acerofa
Paluftris , Our great Marfh Reed-Grafs zoith chaffie
heads. It has a jointed reddilh Root, from whence
fpring many fair large Reed like Leaves, not much
unlike to thofe of Millet-Grafs , but harder, rougher,
and flraked all the length of them , having great
Reed like Stalks, three, four, or five Feet high,
jointed alfo and branched, and towards the tops ha-
ving large and fomewhat hard Panicles of fpiky
chaffie heads, each of them about feven , eight , or
nine Inches long, of a whitilh color in fome places,
and reddilh in others, in which chaffie or husky
Heads there lyes fmall Seed .

CXCV1II. 10. CalamogroJUs , vel Gramen Arun-
dinaceum Taluftre Sericea molliore fpica , Soft headed
Marfh Reed-Grafs. The Root is compofed of fe-
veral fmall Fibres or Strings fet together at a head,
it grows fomething like the laft , butlefler, with
narrower and fhorter Leaves, and lower Stalks, ha-
ving but few Joints and Leaves on them-, the tufted
Heads which Hand at the tops are fometliing like to
the Rufh which is called Bajiard Schananthum , and
turn into Down , which is carried away with the
Wind.

CXCIX. ii. Calamogroftis Aquatic a major, Gra-
men Arundinaceum Aquaticum majt/s , Great H'ater

Reed-Grafs. . it has Roots which run and fpread
them felves far, Ihooting up in feveral places, the
Stalks are great and rail, full of Joints, with large
Reed like Leaves at them , flriped with White and
Green, like Ladies Laces, but not fo evidently to
be feen, up to the top almofl, where Hands a large
and foft tufted Panicle, confifling of many Branches
and parts, almofl like to the Vulgar or Common
Reed

CC. 1 2. Calamogroftis , feu Gramen Arundinace-
um Aquaticum magnum , The great Water Reed-
Grafs. The Root is almofl like, but creeps not fo
much as the former , the Stalks are great and high,
having broader and longer Leaves than the former,
and fomething harder alfo; the Joints likewife are
fewer, and the tutted Panicle is much more fpread,
and loft in handling, and of a purplith green color,
and its Bloomings are white.

C.C1. 1 3. Calamogroftis, five Gramen Arundina-
ceum Aquaticum Panic ula fpeciofa. Pair headed Wa-
ter Reed-Grafs. It riles to be three Feet or more
high, the Leaves are broad, and a Foot long, but
flenderly fet on the Stalks, a little rough on the ed-
ges, fome of which will be hollow, like a Trunk,
that the Stalk will go thro’ it half way ; the top Pa-
nicle is made of many fine, foft, fcaly Tufts, very
beautiful to behold.

CCII. The Places and Times. The firft and fe-
cond grow in moilt Meadows, which are Sandy, and
rather Barren than Fertile; the fecond alfo is found
growing in fome moifl Fields near Hackney ; the
third is exprefled in its Title-, the fourth in the bor-
ders of dry Fields, and by Hedge fides , in many
Countries of this Kingdom, efpecially in Dorfetfhire ;
the fifth grows in the like places-, the fixth and fe-
ven th grow in moifl Woods which are on Mountains
and Hills; the eighth grows in Marfhy places, and
Ditches overflowed with the Tide, I have found it
growing in fome parts of Carolina ; the ninth and
tenth grow in low moifl Grounds by Ratcliff , near
London-, the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth grow
in Ditches, Ponds, and Lakes in feveral places of
England, as alfo in other Countries-, the firft feven,
as alfo the other fix, flourilh in the Summer Months’
and their Stalks perilh before Winter.

XXVII. S^cmygastf, Schcenogrojtis , <r%tvdj'n{i

« )<rxmvht Gramen Junceum, Rufh-Grafs, feven-
teen Kinds, viz. feven of the Land , fix Marfh
Kinds , and four Water Kinds, of all which in
order.

CCIII. 1. Schcenogrofis communis , vel Gramen
Junceum vulgare , The common Rajh-Grafs. Its
Root confifts of brownifh yellow Fibres or Threads
the Leaves are almoft round, feven or eight Inches
long, from among which fpring up the Stalks, which
are about eight or nine Inches high, which bear at
their heads leveral fmall Panicles Spike fafhion, one
above another.

CCIV. 2. Schcenogrofis Montanum fpica Subcie-
ruha Cambro Eritanicum , Weljh Mountain Rufh-
Grafs. From a fibrous or ftringy Root fpring up a
great many fine, 'llender, Rujh like Leaves, nearly
a Foot and half long, from among which rife up
two or three llender finall Stalks, eight or nine
Inches long, and much lower than the Leaves, bear-
ing at their tops, from between two Leaves, which
are rather like Skins, being broad below and fmall
towards their ends , yet always the one longer than
the other, a fmall , fpiked , fcaly head , of a fine
blewifh color.

CCV. 3. Schcenogrofis , feu Gramen Junceum
Speciofum minus , Another Treble or Excellent fmall
Nnn Rujh-

Salmon.!'

Lib. 1

■Rujo-Grafs. It is very like the former , but has
much lmaller Rujh like Leaves , not above three or
four Inches long, riling out of a hard brown Husk
or Hofe, fet at the top of a fmall Fibrous Root,
from among which fpring up feveral jointed Stalks,
with luch like Leaves on them, and a fmall head at
the top, like unto the former, but of a brown, clear,
Cheftnut color, and fmaller, as the whole Plant is,
having two fmall Leaves thereat, as in the fecond
aforegoing.

CCVI. 4. Schcenogrofis , five Gramen Junceum
Dalcchampij , Dalechampius his Rujh-Grafs. It has
a very long, white, and fibrous Root , from which
rile up a very great number of fmall, round, Rujh
like green Leaves , and among which fpring up di-
vers jointed Stalks, with fome few Leaves on them,
and at the lop a fparfed fpiked head, fomething like
unto the Ho/ofeum Salamanticum Clufij , or Spanif)
Scd Plantanc, confining of many purplilh Husks.

Wood Rujb-Grafs with jointed Leaves.

CCVII. ■). Schcenogrofis Sylvarum , feu Gramen
Junceum Sy/vefre articulato folio majus , The greater
jointed Wood Rujh-Grafs. It has a Root which
creeps a little, repleat with many fmall Fibres, the
Stalks are fomewhat flat, and very green, the Leaves
are almoft round, with many feveral crofs Joints on
them , the tufted heads at the tops of the Stalks ,
which are near three Feet high, are fpread into ma-
ny Ruth like Panicles- and alfo fomewhat flat.

CCVIII. 6. Schcenogroftis Sy /varum, five Gramen '
June cum Sy /varum articulato folio minus , The leffer
jointed Wood Rufh-Grafs. It has a Root which is
hard, fpreading abroad, with many Fibres adjoining
to it, from whence fpring up many Stalks, which
take Root again in the Ground , and bear fuch like
jointed Leaves (as in the laft) at the tops of the
‘Stalks are fmall , fpread, Panicle Heads, very like
to the former, but fmaller by half in each : there is
another of this kind which is yet fmaller, whofe
Leaves are fmall and Header, but not jointed, the

Panicle of which is fmaller , and fparfed in like
manner.

CCIX. 7. Schcenogrofis , feu Gramen Juncoides
fparfa Junci Panicula , Rujh-Grafs with Rujh like
fparfed heads. It has a Root which is yellowifh,
fpreading it felf under the Ground , with long Fi-
bres-, the Stalks are {lender, fomething flat, and near
two Feet high ; the Leaves are fmaller than the
common fort, being about fifteen or fixteen Inches
long ; the tops are alfo fmaller , and fpread with
whitifh heads.

CCX. 8. Schcenogrofis , five Gramen Junceum
Palufre racemofo Semine , Marfh Rujh-Grafs with
Seeds in clufers. It has a blackilh thready Root,
from which rife a few fmall Rujh like Leaves, and
from among them fpring up feveral Stalks, a Foot
and half high, bearing at their tops, between fmall
long Leaves, a fmall head, much like to a Bunch of
Grapes, in which the Seed lyes.

CCXI. 9. Schoenogrojlis , feu Gramen Junceum
Maritimum majus , The greater Sea Rufh-Grafs. It
has a tufted fibrous Root, from which fpring many
hard fmooth Leaves , fomething like Rujhes , and
from among them feveral {lender naked Stalks, a-
bout a Foot high, with Rujh like heads growing at
their tops, but much fmaller.

CCXII. 10. Schcenogrofis , vel Gramen Junceum
Maritimum denj'e fipatum , Sea Rujh-Grafs thick
fet. It has a Rujh like Root, and long hard Leaves,
like Rujhes , growing thick and clofe together ■, the
Stalks are {lender , and not much longer than the
Leaves , every one of them bearing at their tops a.
fmall Head, fomething like to thole of Rujhes.

CCXIII. 11. Schoenogrojlis , five Gramen Junce-
um Maritimum minimum Zelandicum , The leaf Sea
Rujh-Grafs of Z eland. It has a fibrous Root, from
whence rifes a fmall bufh of Leaves f the whole
Plant fcarcely exceeds eight or nine Inches in height;
from among this well fpread bufh of Leaves rifes
up the Stalks, with fmall hairy like Leaves , and a
fmall thick head at its top.

CCXIV. 12. Schcenogroftis , feu Gramen Junce-
um Maritimum exile Phmofij , Small Sea Tfufh-
Grafs oj Plimouth. It has a Root confifting of ma-
ny fmall long Fibres, coming from one Head -, the
Leaves are many, growing thick together, and as
fine almolf as Hairs or Threads, from among which
rife up feveral {lender unjointed Stalks, bearing ex-
ceeding fmall fharp pointed heads thereon, the Stalks
being continued , and appearing above- them , and
pointed. This Grajs has been found as well at
Dover as Plimouth , in their Wet Marfh Grounds.

CCXV. 13. Schcenogrofis, feu Gramen Junceum
Maritimum mag is exile pauci Jo/ium, A leffer Marjh
Rujh-Grafs with fewer Leaves. It has a fmall and
{lender Root , and fewer and fhorter Stalks and
Leaves than the laid, more foft and delicate in feel-
ing, and whofe Heads are a little bigger, and prick-
ly, the Stalk rifing above them, as m the other.

CCX VI. 14. Schcenogrofis, fue Gramen Junce-
um A iuaticum minimum capitulo fquamofo , A very
fmall Water Rujh-Grafs. It has as few , but fmal-
ler Leaves than the Eighth Kind aforegoing, being
about two Inches long -, the Stalks are about four
or five Inches high, each of them bearing a fmall,
reddilh, fcaly head , with the top of the Stalk
growing up above it.

CCX VII. 15. Schcenogrofis, vel Gramen Junce-
um Aquatic um mag is fparfa Panicula, Water Rufh-
Grafs with a more fparfed Panicle. It is very like
the laft in growing, the chiefeft differences are in
the Stalks, for they are greater and rife higher ; and
in the Leaves, for they are Jointed, like to the
Wood Rujh-Grafs-, and in the Heads, thefe being
lmaller, and more difperfed.

CCXVIII. 16. Scl.ce-

Chap. ^27. ‘Englifh ‘Herbs* 459

CCXVIII. 1 6. Schccnogroftis , five Gramen Jun-
ceum Aquaticum Bauhini , Bauhin bis Water RuJh-
Grafs. It has jointed Leaves , from among which
rife up Stalks, a Hand high, or more, with certain
chaffie Heads, parted into many Threads.

RitJ iy Wat er Graft

CCXIX. 17. Schotnogroftis , feu Gramen Jun-
ceum Aquaticum vulgar e , T be common Water Rufh-
Grafs. It has a long, thick, fpreading Root, which
fends up feveral jointed Stalks, and at each Joint
a narrow RuJh like Leaf-, at the tops of the Stalks
Hand feveral, fomewhat like unto thofe of Rufhes.

CCXX. The Places and Times. The firft feven
of thefe GraJJes grow upon dry Land , and in dry
places, fome of them upon Hills, fome on Moun-
tains, and others in Woods j the fecond grows on a
high Hill in Wales called Berwin , continually cover-
ed with Clouds and Mills, and Watered with Show-
ers, whilft at the fame time the Sun fhines fair in
the Valleys' below it ^ others of them grow in the
Woods neat Uigbgdte , in Hornfey Wood , and in ma-
ny other Woods of this Kingdom , as alfo in Mea-
dows adjacent to the fame, and do all of them flou-
rifh in the Summer Months , viz. in June and Ju-
ly the next fix Marjh RuJh-GraJJes grow in Salt
Marlhes, and near the Sea fide, and other like pla-
ces', in many parts of this Kingdom ^ the laft four
grow in Watery places, and in or near Waters, whe-
ther Handing or running , and flourilh in the Sum-
mer time, as all the reft do.

XXVIII. Oct\cL<rjibytd s7j, "Ayiunf ira'Sui , Gramen

Marinum , vel Maritimum , Sea-Grafs, Eight

Kinds.

CCXXI. I. ’O&dyearii IrufK, Oxyagroftis Alari-
tiHia Dalecbampij , Sharp pointed Sea-Grafs. The
Stalks are bulny, and about two Feet long, full of
Joints, and narrow Grafs like Leaves at every one
of them, of a dark green color, and fo lharp at the
points, that they are ready to prick their Legs who
pafs' by them unawares.

CCXXII. 2. Gramen Mant imttm afperjiimjh ugh
Sea-Grafs. Its Root is a bulh of long white Fibres,
which lends up feveral rcddilh, round, Email Stalks,
a Foot or more high , leaning at firit downwards ,
enco'mpalTed with hard , fhort, and lharp pointed
Leaves, Handing as it were in a Tuft together, with
hard rough dents about the edges ^ the fpiked heads
are like rough hard Burs , breaking out of a Skin
which encloled them.

CCXX1II. 3. Gramen Maritimum, vel Marinum
exile vicinorum agger urn, A very fmall Sea Down -
Grafs. It has a Root which is fmall and thready,
which fhoots forth divers (hort Stalks , two Inches
long, full of fmall long Leaves like Hairs let dole
together, and among them at the tops fmall Heads,
like to the Catkins of the Dwarf Willow.

CCXXIV. 4. Gramen Maritimum , vel Marinum
Spicatum , Spiked Sea-Grafs. It has a Root edmpo-
fed of a bulh of many long Fibres or Strings, from
whence rife up many long , hollowed , or Gutter
Leaves, encompafling one another at the bottom,
from among which fpring up two or three Stalks,
bare of Leaves unto their tops, where they bear long
fpiked Heads of greenilh Flowers , let dole toge-
ther.

CCXXV. 7. Gramen Marinum fpicatum. alt e rum.
Another fpiked Sea-Grafs. It has long, llender,
narrow, hard , and lharp pointed Leaves , growing
often on low places 16 near the Sea, thatfometimes
it walhes over it* the Stalks are many and low,
with fmall, long, and round Heads thereon.

CCXXV f 6. Gramen Marinum majus St at ice
quibufdam , Great Sea-Grafs , or Sea-Thrift, called
by fome It has a pretty large long Root,

with fome Fibres adjoined , which lends up many
fair, long, and fomewhat broad, and whitilh greed
Leaves, lying dole together upon the Ground, from
which rile up (lender Stalks, naked to their tops,
except in one place towards their middle, where
they have two fmall Leaves turning downwards ,
contrary to almoH all other Herbs, and at their tops
a Tuft of blulh colored Flowers, opening by de-
grees.

CCXXV1I. 7. Gramen Marinum Am erica nubi ,
27*77*)? Statice Americana major , Great Sea Thrift of
America. It has a long Root, with but few Fibres
thereat, from whence fpring up a vafi number of
Leaves, almofl like the lalf, but they are narrower,
of a fadder green color, and fomewhat fhining, with
two Ribs in each, and blunt at the ends j it has llen-
der Stalks, which bear alfo luch a Tuft of Flowers,
but of a white color, and break but of a Skin, which
falls down about the Stalk.

CCXX VIII. 8. Gramen Marinum minus , Small
Sea-Grafs, Sea-Thrift, or Sca-Cujhion. It has many
fmall, hard, fhort, green Leaves, groyving thick to-
gether, and fpreading on the Ground ^ the Stalks
are many , of a Span high , without any Leaves oh
them, but at their tops , where grow fmall round
Tufts of blulh colored Flowers.

GGXXIX. The Places and Times. They all of
them have been obferved to grow upon our Sea
Coafis, efpecially oil the Kentifh and SuJJex Shears ~
the fixth grows on the Mediterranean Shoars, the
feventh on the American and they all Flower and
Seed in the end of Summer.

XXIX. ’atydfsict, Gramen Argent eum, Sil-

ver-Grafs, three Kinds.

CCXXX. 1. Gramen Argeiiteum capitalis globofis,
Silver-G rajs round headed. It 12 the Gramen Luci -
dum Taber ndmohtdni, and is thought to Be' the Com-
None

’'..jo r Salmon’ j Herbal. Lib. I.

I, return Plinij ; it has a fmall, bulhy, and fibrous
Root, which fends up long Leaves , like thofe of
Wheat, which have fome fmall, long, white Hairs
upon them, and about their edges; from among
thefe Leaves rife up feveral Stalks, about a boot
high, with Joints and Leaves on them; at the tops
of thefe Stalks on each Stalk grow two or three
round Heads, which are foft, white, and woolly,
confifting of manv fmall Silver like Threads, which
ate Laid to fhine 'in the Night, and therefore called
bv the Uciliinis Litciola.

' CCXXXI. 2. Gramm Argent cum flriatum , Sil-
ver-GraJ's freaked , called by fome Lady-Laces, La-
dy-Lace-Grafs , and Painted-Grafs. Its Root is
fmall and hairy , and of a white color, like unto
Meadow-Grafs ; it has Leaves like to Millet in form,
and rough or iharp pointed, like to the Reed , with
many white Veins or Ribs, and Silver Streaks run-
ning along thro’ the midlf of the Leaves, fafhioning
them like to Ribbons or Laces made of white and
green Silk, very beautiful and deleffable to behold ;
it grows to the height of Wild Panic k, with a fpo-
ky top, not very much unlike , but more compaft ,
foft, and chaffie.

CCXXXII. 3. Gtamen Argenteum Spiels Tomen-
lofis, Silver-Grafs with Cotton Spikes or Heads. It
has a hard, long, thready Root, from whence pro-
ceed many foft, downy, grafiie Leaves, of a mean
length, feldom exceeding two Feet , or two Feet
and half in height, from among which rife up fe-
veral Stalks, a Yard ot Yard and half high, having
but few Joints on them, not above one or two, with
like gralfie Leaves growing up from them ; at the
tops of thefe Stalks are long lpiky Heads, fet upon
a long Panicle , which are a kind of chaffie and
downy Tufts, regularly placed, from the bottom to
the top , commonly at firft of a reddilh , or Murry
like color, which when they come to ripenefs are of
a fhining Silver like whitenefs, and as foft as Cot-
ton or Wooll in handling.

CCXXXI! I The Places and Times. The firft of
thefe grows in Woods, Copfes, Groves, and other
like Woody places, in many places of this Land;
the fecond grows in borders of Woods , and upon
Woody and Hilly places in Savoy, but with us only
in Gardens-, the third in borders of dry Fields, and
by Hedge fides, in many parts of England, and all
flourilh with the Common Meadow-Grafs , or in the
middle and end of Summer.

XXX. sayvnfl, k, rtexyuJ'tt, Gramen Spiea-

tum , Spiked or Eared Grafs, eleven Kinds.

CCXXXIV. 1. Gramen fpicatum purpureum
Pratenfe Da/echampij, Purple fpiked Meadow-Grajs.
Its Root is a bu(h of white Fibres , from whence
rile many Grafs like Leaves, but narrower, fofter,
and greener, having feveral Ihort Stalks, not a Foot
high, with two or three Joints on them, fet with
Leaves, at the tops of which, out of a round Skin
or Husk, picked at the end, being the uppermoft
Leaf, breaks forth a thick, Ihort, and fomewhat flat
Spike, of a delicate reddilh purple color.

CCXXXV. 2. Gramen An-

thoxanthon Lugdunenfs , ( i. e. Yellow Flowered )
Gramen fpicatum flavefeens Pratenfe, Tellow fpiked
Meadow-Grafs. It differs little from the laft, either
in Roots, Leaves, Tafte , or Quality , fo that fome
Authors have called the one the Male, the other the
Female, the only difference is , that the Head or
Spike of this is of a pale yellow color, and in fome
higher Grounds of a more reddilh and fhining co-
lor , and not endofed in any Skin or Leaf, as the

other, but Handing naked or bare, being alfo ten-
derer and longer.

CCXXXV1. 3. Gramen Spicatum, Spica mullipll-
ci rubra Pratenfe , Red Spiked Meadow-Grafs. It
has a fmall Root, made of a few Hair, like Fibres,
whence rife long and narrow Leaves , Ribbed thro’
their whole length, and fo compofed as is fcarcely
to he feen in any other Herb , lor fome of them are
fo jointed, as if one Leaf grew out of another; on
the top of the Stalk Hands a very long Head , con-
fifting of a good number of reddilh Spikes fet toge-
ther one above another , which are fomewhat rough
in handling.

CCXXXVII. 4. Gramen Spicatum Lo/ijs Caryo-
phyllets Pratenfe, Spiked Mcadow-Grafs with Gilli-
flower Leaves. Its Roots run under the upper Cruft
of the Ground, folding one within and over another,
its Leaves are fomewhat hard, thick and Ihort, and.
greener than thofe of Gilliflowers ot Pinks , but lo
hard and Saplefs , that Cattel will not eat thereof ;
the Stalks are fix Inches high, at the tops of which
Hand fmall Spikes, fometimes more, fometimes
fewer, brownilh at firft, and afterwards fomewhat
reddilh, with many yellow Threads mixt among
them.

CCXXXVIII. ;. Gramen Spicatum polijs Caryo-
phyllets Jpica fquamata, Spiked-Grafs with Gil It flow-
er Leaves and a fcaly Spike. Its Roots are fmall
blackilh Threads, it lias fmall long Leaves, narrow,
and bowing, the Stalks are fmall, about eight or
nine Inches high, bearing a Ihort fcaly Head.

CCXXX1X. 6. Gramen Spicatum album angujli-
folium SylvdlicumfVhite Spiked narrow Leav'd Wood-
Grafs. This differs from the aforegoing , in that
its Root is yellowilh, with fmall Fibres, growing
aflope in the Ground, the Leaves ate many, but ve-
ry Ihort and narrow , fcarcely four or five Inches
long ; the Stalks many times exceed not the length
of the Leaves , having fmall fpiked Heads , befet
with Ihort Hairs, fcarcely an Inch long.

CCXL. 7. Gramen Spicatum Caryophylleum Spica
multiplier. Double Sp’ked-Grafs with Gilli flower
Leaves. Its Root is a bulh of many reddilh hairy
Fibres, whence rife feveral Ihort narrow Leaves, like
thofe of Gilliflowers , among which fpring up very
many Render Stalks , naked , without Joints or
Leaves , fcarcely growing higher than the Leaves,
which hear Ihort teddilh Spikes, many fet together .

CCXLI. 8. Gramen Spicatum Caryophylleum Spi-
ca varia. Variable Spiked-Grafs. It Roots are fmall,
long, and fibrous, bulbing thick together, whence
fpring long, narrow, Gillyflower like Leaves, from
among which grow up feveral fmall naked Stalks,
bearing a flender , long , fpiked Head , fometimes
fingle, and fometimes divided or branched into feve-
tal long parts, made of many Husks.

CCXLII. 9. Gramen Spicatum Caryophylleum
Rabimtm Bauhini , Gramen Rabinum Gejneri , The
chief or principal Gilliflmner-Grafs. It has a fibrous
Root, proceeding from one Head , from which rife
up many thick, firm, or tlelhy, and long pointed
Leaves , like to thofe of Gilliflowers , lying in a
round compafs at the head of the Root, not having
any Nerves or Veins in them to be feen , and of
which Cattel will very well Feed.

CCXL1II. 10. Gramen Spicatum, Spica Gemina
Columns , Double Spiked-Grafs of Columna. It has
a fmall, whitilh, fibrous Root , which fends up fe-
veral weak and leaning jointed Stalks , with lmall
Grafs like Leaves upon them ; at the top of each
Stalk grows two feveral Spikes, jointed together
at their Feet, dented on their edges, with a middle
Rib between, and confifting of three or four rows
of Leaves like Scales, containing fmall, brown, cor-
nered Seed.

CCXLIV. 11. Gra -

Chap. 327. ‘Englijh 'Herbs \

4 6]

CCXLIV. 1 1 . G rumen Spicatum Virginianum Spi-
ed art iculate . Spiked Virginia-Grafs having a joint-
ed Spike . It has a bufhy Root, which lives long,
and is a goodly Grafs, growing great, with many
fair, large, and broad Graffie Leaves,' very fmall
pointed, and fomething hard in handlings the Stalk
is alfo great and tall , bearing a long Spike at the
iop , jointed in feveral parts , each of them almoft
half an Inch a piece, being almoft round, yet a little
fiat.

CCXLV. The Places and Times. The firft five
grow in Fields, Meadows , or Paftures , or near to
them; the next five grow on Hills, Mountains,
Woods, and Woody places, in many parts of Eng-
land, as alfo in other Foreign Countries-, the ele-
venth grows particularly in Virginia , and they all
Flourilh much about the fame times when other
Graffes do.

XXXI. Gramen Bufonum , vel Bufonis

Flandrorum , Gramen Junceum parvum , Holofli-
um Matthioli , Toad-Grafs, three Kinds.

CCXLVI. 1. Gramen Bufonum, vel Gramen
Junceum parvum. The greater Toad-Grafs. It has
a fibrous reddifh Root , and grows not to be above
eight or nine Inches high, the Leaves are very fmall,
and thofe on the (lender Stalks and Branches from
the Joints leffer, whereat, and likewife at the tops,
come forth fmall, yellowifh, chaffie Heads or Husks,
with fhort Awnes at the ends, each upon a fhort
Footftalk, one above another.

CCXLVII. 2. Gramen Bufonum medium. The
middle fiz d Toad-Grafs. It differs from the former
only in its magnitude , this being of a middle fize
between the former and the leaft ; there is alfo one
fomething fmaller than this, whofe Heads are clofer
or thicker fet together.

CCXLV HI. 3. Gramen Bufonum minimum, Gra-
men Junceum minimum Holojlio Matthioli Congener,
The fmallejl Toad-Grafs, or fmalleft Rufh-Grafs, like
the former Toad-Grafs at Se£L 246 above. It has
a very fmall and fibrous Root, and grows with fe-
veral fmall and Thread like Leaves, Icarcely an Inch
and half long, with yet fmaller Leaves on the Stalks,
which are not above three or four Inches high , at
whofe tops Hand two or three fmall Heads, like to
thofe of Rufhes , but with rounder Grains or Seeds
therein, and fet clofer together.

CCXLIX. The Places and Times. The firft
grows in moift and wet Grounds, the fecond in
moift or .wet places near Highgate, the third in low,
moift, and Marfhy Land ; they all Flourifh and Seed
in the Summer Months, viz. in June and July.

XXXII. vA^f(ar/j ivvJ'&t, vJh’.TuSvt, Gratnen Aqud-

ticum, Water-Grafs, feven Kinds.

CCL. 1. Gramen Aquaticum Paniculatum minus-.
Small Bearded Water-Grafs. It has a thick, hard,
fibrous Root, which fends forth a round ltraked
Stalk, about two Feet high, encompaffed with feve-
ral broad, rough, pale green Leaves, nearly a Foot
long; the top Panicle is a Span long, fparfedly or
thinly placed, compofed of many whitifh Heads, ha-
ving long Awnes or Beards.

CCLI. 2. Gramen Aquaticum acute at um majus ,
The greater prickly headed Water-Grafs. It has a
fmall Root, which runs deep into the Mud, and fends
up a Stalk or Stalks two Feet high or more above
the Water in Ditches where it grows ; the Leaves
are long and narrow, bearing at the tops of the
Stalks feveral fmall prickly Heads, with long Leaves
at them.

CCLII. 3. Gramen Aquaticum aculeatum minus ;
The leffer prickly headed Water-Grafs. This is like
to the laft both in Stalks, Leaves, and prickly heads,
but fmaller, nor has it any Leaves growing with

Ithem as the others have.

CCL1II. 4. Gramen Aquaticum aculeatum alte -
1 rum. Another prickly headed or Bur headed Water -
I Grafs. It has long, fmooth, and tender Leaves , a-
mong which rifes up a Stalk, about half a Yard
high, with a few Leaves fet thereon, and at the top
many fmall rough Heads like Burs.

CCLIV. y. Gramen Aquaticum, vel Fluviatile
Cornutum, Horned Water-Grafs. It has a fmall and
fibrous Root, which fends up a {lender Stalk, about
two Feet high , jointed at' feveral places, and two
fmall Rufhy Leaves for the moft part fet at each of
them, growing fomething broad, and compaffing it
at the bottom with a large Skin, from whence alfo
rife one or two Stalks, ending in a skinny Head,
which has at the end three or four narrow Leaves,
turning downwards, and feeming like Horns.

CCLV. 6. Gramen Fluviatile Spicatum, vel Aqua-
ticum Spicatum- , Spiked Water or Float-Grafs. It
has a Root compa£t and Tufted, or bufhy in the
Mud, compofed of many Strings and Fibres, it has
feveral weak Stalks, leaning every way, full of
crooked Joints, which are knobby, or round, taking
Root again in divers places, having long and narrow
Leaves upon them, which lye floating under and up-
on the Water that part which grows up has fome
Leaves likewife thereon, and a long, (lender, brown
fpiked Head at the top.

CCL VI. 7. Gramen Fluviatile, vel Aquaticum
Spica multiplici. Many Spiked Water or h lout -Grafs.
It has a long and round Root, fomewhat thick, like
unto Dogs-Grafs , fet on even Joints, with fmall
Strings and Fibres , from which rife up long and
crooked Stalks, croffing and Winding, and folding
one within another, with many flaggy Leaves on
them, more in number than the former, which Hor-
fes and other Cattel eat greedily ; at the tops of
thefe Stalks, and fomewhat lower down upon them,
come forth very many little Spikes or Ears, of a whi-
tifli color, compofed of two ranks of fmall chaffie
Seeds , fet alternately on the Stalks, each of thefe
fmall Ears being almoft an Inch in length.

CCLVII; The Places and Times. They all grow
in watery Ditches and Ponds in many parts of this

Land;?

\6 2

Salmon s Herbal.

Lib. I.

Land, but the two lalt grow moltly in (hallow Rivers,
Brooks, and Rills , where the Water runs foftly ,
(moothly and eafily •, they are alfo (bund fometimes
growing in Handing Waters, and many times by
frelh Rivers (ides; they all Flourifh and Seed in
June , July, and Augufi , according to the kindnels
of rhe Sea fon.

XXXIII, 'O foyfurK, v<f.y<;arit 7 7vf oj'a,
yreiCv, Halcr/s Plinij , G rumen de via, Gramen
Muriate, Gramen Semite, vet Semitale , Way or
Wall-Grafs, four Kinds.

Way or Wall-Grafs Greater.

ten Inches high , whereas the former comes to be
fometimes fixteen or feventeen Inches, if in good
Ground ; the Ear is alfo much lefs, and (hotter, and
almoft without Awnes ,m or elfe they are very (hort
ones.

Way or Wall-Grafs Leffe

er.

CCLVIII. i. Gramen Semitale,vel Muriate majus ,
Gramen Hordeium , vel magis Secalinum majus. The
greater Way Grafs or Wall-Grafs , Barley-like-Grafs,
or rather Rye-Grafs. It has a bufhy and fibrous
Root, which perifiies not in Winter, tho’ never fo
cold, from which fpring up many Grafs Leaves,
but fomewhat harder in feeling , and not altogether
fo juicy ; from among thefe green Leaves fpring up
feveral Benty Stalks, a Foot or more high, having
fome few Joints on them , with Leaves thereat , e-
very one of which bears at the top a fmall , long ,
whitilh, yellow Ear, an Inch and half, two or three
Inches long, having fome Awnes or Beards, within
which are contained fmall , long , lank Seeds or
Grain : This Ear Authors think has fome refemblance
of Barley, but it much more relembles Rye. and
therefore may not improperly be called Rye- Grafs.

CCL1X. 2. Gramen Semitale, vel Muriate minus ,
Gramen Hordeium , vel Secalinum minus , The lejfer
Way or Wall, Barley or Rye-Grafs. It is in its Roots,
Stalks, Leaves, Ears, and manner of growing very
like the former , but it is fhorter and lower , and
looks as if it was a Dwarf -Grafs of the fame kind;
I know many have taken it to be the fame, but it
does really differ, the Stalk is feldom above nine or

CCLX. 3. Gramen Semitale maximum,vel Gramen
Secalinum maximum. The greateji Way or Rye-Grafs.

It has a running and jointed Root , with many Fi-
bres adjoining , the Stalks rife up to be fometimes
two Feet high, and better, having but few and (hort
Leaves thereon ; the Spike is fometimes two, three,
or four Inches long, bearded, and very like unto an
Ear of Ryv.

CCLXI. 4. Gramen Semitale magnum,vel Gramen
Secalinum minus , The great , or rather lejfer Rye-
Grafs. The Root in this is wholly Fibrous , but
otherwife it differs not from the former, laving that
it is every ways lefs, and the Eat (very like to Rye)
is many times not above half the length of the for-
mer.

CCLXIf. The Places and Times. They grow
upon wafte and unfilled Grounds, by Ways and Path
fides and the fecond of them by Walls fides, and
upon Walls, efpecially upon Mud Walls, in almoft
all places of this Kingdom ; they Flourilh and Seed
in the Summer Months , viz. in June, July, and
Augufi.

XXXI V. •'Axm-k OTWeA Gramen Kemorale , vel

Kemonfum, Wood-Grafs, four Kinds.

CCLXIIT. i. Gramen IS emorale, velNemorofum
majus Spica rufefeente , The greater brown Wood-
Grafs. The Root is a bu(h of very fmall Strings
or Fibres , from whence fpring up many narrow
gialfie Leaves, and among which rife up many
fmooth round Stalks, without any Joint or Leaf on
them at the tops whereof ftand loofe , fmooth ,

brownifh

Chap. 3 27, Englifk Herbs,

brownilh lpiked Heads , feparated a little one from
another, and as it were a little Bearded.

Wood-Grafs Greater.

CCLXIV. 2. Gramen Nemorofum , vel Sylvati-
cum Capillaceum Panicula alba , White Tufted Wood
Grafs. It has a tufted ot bufliy fibrous Root, as
finall as Hairs, from the head of which bufh of Fi-
bres fpring finall Grafs Leaves , which grow thick
and dole together in a Tuft in a great number, and
riling to be about a Foot long ; the Stalks come up
from among the Leaves , about a Foot and half or
more high, fmooth, and bare, almoft without Joint
or Leaf on them, the tops of which end in a white
Panicle , two or three Inches long , compofed of
fmall Husks with Beards.

CCLXV. 3. Gramen Sylvaticum , vel Nemorale
minus , The lejfer Wood-Grafs. This differs not
from the firlt ox greater , but that it is in all its
parts lelfer and lower., the fmall, chaffie, bearded
Ears being fmaller, and nothing fo foft, but rather
hard, and a little more fparfed.

CCLXVI. 4. Gramen INemorofum , vel Sylvati-
cum exile durum , Small hard Wood-Grafs. The
Roots are fmall and fibrous, being in a bufti , from
whence rife up many fmall hard Leaves , about a
Span long, or a Span and half; the Stalks are (len-
der, with very few Joints and Leaves on them, at
which Joints, and at the tops alfo, come forth fmall,
long, chaffie Spiked Heads.

CCLXVII. The Places and Times. Thefe all
grow in Woods , almoft every where throughout
England , and they Hourifh when other Graffes do,
viz. in the Summer Months ; they are never ufed in
Phyfick, nor are they good Fodder for Cattel, but
Goats will grow fat therewith.

XXXV. ''Aygusiz \ cashes, ^ icj.CS ns, Gra-

men Lanatum , vel Bombycinum , Woolly-Grafs
two Kinds.

CCLXVUI. 1 . Gramen Lanatum , Jive Bombyci-
num, Gramen Juncoides Lanatum vulgaris , Common
Woolly or Cotton-Grafs. It has a Root very bulhy,
fmall, and fibrous, thrufting its Fibres fomewhat
deep into the Moorilh Ground in which it grows ,

irom whence rife up many long, llender, andGraffie
Leaves, almoft like unto Rujhes, whence the Name
Juncoides Lanatum , or Juncus Bombycinus ; from
among tliel'e Leaves rife up a fmall , Render’ h ard
Ruftiy Stalk, about a Foot high, fometimes with a
few Grjfiie Leaves thereon, and fometimes without
either Leaf or Joint, bearing at their tops a Bufh or
Tuft, fometimes one, fometimes two, three, four
or more, of moll pleafanr, fine, foft white Down’
Wooll, or Cotton, as fine and foft and white as fine
White Silk , fo that they feem to be rather fine foft
White Silk like Heads, finer than the fineft whireft
Wooll that is, and ufually about the bignefs of a
Walnut, with its outward green Husk, which are
lb eminent in ones Eye a far off, that they give
much Delight and Admiration to the Beholders-
thefe being full ripe pals away with the Wind. ’

CCLXIX. 2. Gramen Lanatum , fen Bombycinum
minus , Gramen Junceum Lanatum minus , Small
Woolly or Cotton-Grafs. The Root hrfomewhac
black, and not much unlike the former, but this has
many mote Ruftiy Leaves than that, but the Stalks
rife not much higher, they bear at their Heads Tufts
of Woolly or Cottony Heads , not fo large as the
former, but are fmall , and fomewhat long, which
being ripe fly away with the Wind, leaving a finall
Head of Seed, like a Crowfoot Head, behind it.

CCLXX. The Places and Times. They grow in
moilt, wet. Boggy, and Moorifh places, the firft
on the Bog on Hampftead Heath , near London , as
alfo in Highgate Park, not far from the fame ;’the
fecond lias been found about M ompelier in prance -
they Flower in July. ’

The Virtues .

CCLXXI. Cbhdus Pays, that the Decbftion of the
firft 111 Wine, being taken warm, gives eafe in the
griping pains of the Belly. The Woolly Heads are
gathered by fome to Huff Pillows, Bolfters, and
Cufliions with, far excelling in foftnefs and good-
nefs any ThiJUe Down. Thu? have we given you
a fhort Hiltory of Graffes , which we think is enough.

464 Salmon j-

thry pofliblv not the halt ot' what are known and
vet in this Chapter we have Named and Delciibea
Two Hundred Twenty Six.

Herbal- Lib. L

rough, and dark green Leaves , lharper pointed, and
fomewhat longer and narrower than the next ^ at the
tops ol’the Stalks grow feveral fmall white Flowers,
in rough brown Husks, wherein, after they are paft,
is contained a white , hard , round, ftony, fhining
Seed, greater than that of the following, and almolt
like unto Pearls.

CHAP. CCCXXVIII.

Of G ROMELthe Greater.

I’-T'HE Karnes. It is called in Arabick KM,

1 Cult, Colt, and Calub, in Creek
i. e. Lapidem Semen obduritiem , in Latin Lithofper-
mitm, Milium Solis, alfo Gramm Solis , but Se-
rapio fays, Horn the Authority of Aben Julio, that
it fhould be called Milium So/er, from the form ot
the Seed, being fmall, as Milium, and the Moun-
tain Sober, upon which it grew; it is the Corgom-
um JEginoebos , & Her odea P/inij-, in Englijh it is
called Gromel, alfo Pear-Plant, and Lit cb wale.

II. T be Kinds. It is twofold, viz. greater, ot
which we lhall Treat in this Chapter , and leffer ,
of which in the next.

III. T he greater Kind. Of this there are two
lingular Species, viz. 1. Lithojpermim majus crc-
ttum. vel majus Legitimum , Lithofpermum Horten-
fe Great Garden Gromel, or Great upright Gromel.
Saxifrage tenia Brunfeljij , Milium Solis Sativum
Tragi , vel Legitimum Clufij , Lithofpermum alterum
Pruticoftim Johannis Thalij. 2. Lithofpermum ma-
jus repens, Lithofpermum majus vulgare. The Great-
er creeping Gromel, or Greater common Gromel.

IV. The Defcriptions. The firli , or Great up-
right Garden Gromel, has a Root which is long and
hard or fometbing Woody, with divers Branches and
fibres thereat, which. perifbes not, a/tho’ the Stalks
die away and per fin every Pear-, from this Root rife
up feveral uptight, Render, woody, hairy, brown,
add crefted Stalks, very little, or not branched at
all on which do grow, without order, long, hard,

V. The fecond , or Greater creeping Gromel. It
has a Root like the aforegoing , abiding all the Win-
ter, and Jhooting forth Stalks frefh in the Spring ,
which Stalks grow up Render, hard, and hairy, trail-
ing, and taking Root in the Ground as they lye there-
on , being alio divided or parted into many other
fmaller Branches, with Rich like hairy, dark, green
Leaves , but Ihorter and broader than the former ;
at the Joints with the Leaves come forth very fmall
blew Flowers, and after them fuch like hard, round-
ilh, ftony Seed, but fmaller, and not fully fo white
and Ihining.

VI. T he Places. The firft grows with us in Gar-
dens only , but Wild in fome places of Italy , and
prance next to it ; the fecond grows Wild in many

laces of England, in barren or untilled places , and
y the Way fides.

VII. The Times. They Flower from the begin-
ning or middle of June until September , the Seed
ripening in the mean while.

VIII. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the
fecond Degree, Incifive, Diuretick, Abfterfive, and
Nephritick.

IX. The Specification. They are peculiar in cu-
ring the Strangury, provoking of Urine, and in break-
ing and expelling the Stone.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
1. A Liquid Juice of the Herb. 2. An Ejfence of
the Herb. l. A Decochon of the Seed. 4. A Pon-
der of the Seed. ;. A Compofitum of the Seed.

The Virtues.

XI. The Liquid Juice of the Herb. It provokes
Urine, helps the Strangury, and is good againft the

Stone

Chap. 329. ‘Englifb 'Herbs.

46 c

a

Scone and Gravel in Reins or Bladder, bur is not lb
effectual as the Seed *, you may give it Morning and
Night, two or three Ounces for a Dofe, in a Glals
of White Port Wine.

XII. The Ejfence. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice, and of the Seed, being ufed in the fame man-
ner and Dofe, but is not fo powerful or Ipeedy in its
Effe£ts as the Pouder of the Seed is.

XIII. T be Dec oft ion of the Seed. It is to be brui-
fed, and then to be boiled in Broth, or Poffet-Drink,
or rather in White Wine : Dofe from four to eight,
or ten Ounces, according to the Age of the Patient,
two or three times a day , againft Strangury, Stone,
Gravel, and Tartarous Mucilage impa&ed in the
Reins, Ureters, and Bladder ; where note, it is to be
ufed for fome confiderable time.

XIV. The Pouder of the Seed. It is found to be
of lingular force to break the Stone and expel it,
whether it be in the Reins or Bladder, it alfo pro-
vokes Urine being ftopt , and helps the Strangury ,
or making Water by drops, caufed by Sand, Slime,
or Tartarous Mucilage obftruUing thofe parts ; it is
indeed a pleafant , lafe , and effectual Medicine for
the Stone and Gravel, being taken every Night go-
ing to Bed, and every Morning falling , for feveral
days together^ when the Patient is troubled with a
Paroxyfm of the Stone it quickly gives relief, pro-
bat urn eft. Dofe from two Scruples to a Dram and
half in White Port Wine, or in Broth, or in Barley
Cream, or in Almond Milk , or in an Emulfion of
the four greater cold Seeds ; if it is given to two
Drams in Womens Breaft Milk, or in White Wine,
or in Parlly Water, it is very effeftual to caufe fpee-
dy Delivery to Women in Travail, who are not ea-
fie to be delivered.

XV. The Compofitum. Take Pouder of the Seed
three Drams , White Amber in Pouder one Dram
Ceterach or Spleenmrt in Pouder half a Drain , mix
them. This being taken a Dram at a time, or more,
in the Morning faffing, and laft at Night going to
Bed, in the Juices of Plant ane^ Purflane , and Let-
tice , and that for feveral days together, it certainly
cleanfes, heals, and cures a Gonorrhoea, or running
of the Reins.

chap, cccxxix.

Of GROMEL the Lefler.

I. 'T* H E Names. It is called in Creek AiSltmt-

J_ gar imt&r, x, Srltv, in I. aline hithofpermon mi-
nus, or Milium Soils minus , and in Englifb Gromel
the leffer , and Wild Gromel.

II. The Kinds. Of this there are fix Kinds, viz.

J. Lithofperntum minus vulgar e Matthioli , Dodonai,
Camerarij , Gefneri , Lobelij , O' aliorum , Our com-
mon fmall Wild Gromel. 1. Lithofpcrmum angu-
Jhfolium LJmbellatum Bauhini , vel angjilh folium fru-
tefcens Matthioli , Narrow Leav’d Umbelliferous
Gromel. 3. Litbofpermum Ancbufa facie Lobelij ,
Lithofpenmim ereuum minus Bauhini, Small Gro-
mel with tufted tops , or Alkanet like Gromel. 4.
Litbofpermum Arvenfe Radice rubente , Litbofper-
mum Sylveftre Tragi, Fuchfij, O’ Camerarij, to ter-
tium Dodonai, Echium minus Lithofpermo congener
Gefneri, Anchufa degener facie Milij Solis Lobelij
Anchufa Arvenfis alba Tbalij, Litbofpermum Arven-
fe Radice rubra Bauhini , The fmall red Rooted
Corn Gromel. ;. Litbofpermum minimum Germa-
nicum, PaJJerina Tragi O' Camerarij , Lingua Pale-

rmo Tabernamontani, LiihoJpennumlp.icn.un Lv r-
nai, PaQcrina Linaria Gerardi , Lithcfpermam L -
nine folio Germanium Bauhini, Smii! German
Gromel, or Sparrow Wort. 6. L'tho/'penium Li-
naria folio MonJ'pelicnfe Lobelij O' Lugduncnfts ,
Small French Gromel with Flax Leaves.

III. The Defcriptions. The firfl , or Common
fmall Wild Gromel , has a Root which is not very
long , but Is replenifhed with many Fibres or fmall
Strings , which fends forth feveral upright, hard,
branched Stalks, full of Joints , two or three Feet
high, at every of which Joints grow fmall, long,
hard , and rough Leaves , Idler than the fecond of
the former, and of a dark green color, among which
Leaves come forth fmall white Flowers, and in then-
places, when they are paft, greyifii round Seed,
like the other.

IV. The fecond, or Narrow Leav’d Umbelliferous
Gromel, has a Root which is hard and woody, cover-
ed with a brovmifh red Bark, from which rife up ie-
veral woody rough Stalks, yet eafie to break, fpread
into feveral Branches , about fix , feven , or eight
Inches high , with very many narrow rough Leaves
growing on them , without any order , the middle
Rib in them being iomething great; the Flowers
Hand at the tops of the Branches , and lometimes
from the upper Joints, divers being fet together as
it were in an Umbel , which confilt of five fmall
round pointed Leaves, of a blew color; or rather
being long and hollow, ate parted, and cut into five
parts , fet in lough green Husks , in which, after
the Flowers are paft, there ufually grow two white
and hard long pointed Seeds, fet together.

V. The third, or Small Gromel with Tufted tops,
or Alkanet like Gromel. Its Root is long and woody,
fpreading under Ground, and covered with a rough
brovmifh red Bark , from which rile many hard, brit-
tle, woody, low, and hairy Stalks, rifing little a-
bove fix, feven, or eight Inches high, dividing
themfelves, even from the Ground, into many fmal-
ler Branches , on which are fet difperledly fmall,
long, and narrow, rough green Leaves, whofemid-

0 0 0 die

Salmon'*

Lib. 1

die Kib tiles up lomewhat high ; the Flowers for
the molt part Hand ac the tops of the Branches in a
Tuft or Umble, many making a Tuft together, and
fumecimes alfo at the Joints with the Leaves, Hand-
ing in rough Husks , which are fomewhat larger
than any ot the other, and of a fine blew color in
lbme, and white or reddilh in others , which being
palt away, fmall, and fomething long, pointed, hard
and white Seetl follows, two for the molt part join
ed together.

long and narrow Leaves, fomewhat larger than the
former, and not rough, as the other Gromels are-,
the Flowers are fmall, of a pale whitifh yellow co-
lor, like unto the former , but Hand many together
at the tops of the Branches, where, after they are
paft , fmall round Heads, like Coriander Seed arife,
in which are contained round, hard, blackilh Seed,
like unto that of Gromel.

IX. T be Places. The four firft grow Wild in
many places of England, in barren or untilled places,
and by the Way Tides ; the two firH of them are faid
to grow upon the Sea Shoar and Beeches in the life
of Thanet , near Reculvers , among the Kinds of
Wild Buglofs there growing ; the fourth has been
found growing in Corn Grounds, as alfo in the way
from Briftol to Bath , as Label fays.

X. T he Times. They all Flower from Midfum-
mer to September , the Seed ripening in the mean

while. „ „

XI. The Vitalities, Specification, Preparations,
and Virtues of thefe are the fame with thofe in the
aforegoing Chapter, faving that thofe in the former
Chapter are much the more effectual and of thole
in this Chapter the firft is only ufed in Phylick.

VI. The fourth , or Small red Rooted Corn Gro-
mel. It has a Root which is fomewhat reddijh , but
little or nothing coloring the lingers of fuchwho touch
it ■ from this Root (hoot forth three or four rough
Branches or Stalks, divided into other fmaller ones,
having many fmall, long, narrow, hairy, dark green
Leaves growing on them , very like thofe of the
former Gromels , but not fo hard or long , but let
without order in like manner-, the Flowers grow at
the tops , with many fmall Leaves among them ,
confilfing of five (mall white Leaves, which being
paft away, fmall blackilh Seed fucceeds, two, three,
or four, fet together in the fame Husk.

VII. The fifth , or Small German Gromel, or Spar-
row Wort , hits a Root which is fmall and. thready ,
and perifhes every Tear -, from this Root riles up for
the molt part but one llender Stalk, fpreading it felf
out into one, or two Branches at the molt, fcarcely
a Foot high, and fet here and there with fmall ,
long, and narrow Leaves, fomething like unto Line
or f lax , upon which , up towards the top , ftand
fmall white Flowers, which being paft away, there
comes in their places fmall, fmooth, round, black-
ilh Seed, very like unto Gromel Seed.

VIII. The fixth , or Small French Gromel. It has
a Root which is fmall and fibrous , or firingy , from
which rifes up but one Stalk, branched out into two
or three parts at the top thereof, on which grow

CHAP. CCCXXX.

Of CROUN D-P I N E ,

0 R,

G O U T--I V Y,

0 R,

FIELD CYPRESS.

l.-r'HE Names. It is called by the Arabians
.1 Hamafitees, (V Chamafilhios, in Greek X*pu-
■mm, in Latrne Chamapitys, (qiafi Humi Pinus, vel
Picea-J it is called alfo Ajuga, & Abiga , (ab Abietis
odore , as Piena thinks, but as moH think, ab Abt-
genda partu iy procurando Abort u Pliny i ays, dici-
tur propter Abortus, G ab alijs Thus Terra.) Some
call it ha Arthritica, ("becaufe of its Virtues in cu-
ring the Gout , and other Joint Difeafes.) We in
Engltjh call it Ground Pine , alfo Gout Ivy , and
field Cyprefs. .

II. The Kinds. There are feveral Species, as i.
Of the field Kind, of which in this Chapter. 2.
Of the Heath Kind, of which in Chap. 331. 3.

The Sea Kind, of which in Chap. 332. of all which
in order, as follows. ,

HI. The vulgar field Kinds. Of thefe we make
five feveral Species, viz. \. Chameepitys vulgaris ,
which Matthiolus takes to be the firft oi Diofcondes,
Our Common Ground Pine. 2. Chamepitys dera-
tion Chamapitys minor. The lefler Ground Pine. 3.
Chamapitys Mat , which I take to be the third of
Diofcorides, and is his Male Ground Pine. 4. Cha-
mapitys Auffriaca Clufij , Chamapitys carulea Bauhi-
ni. The Auftrian Ground Pine. 5. Chamapitys A-
dulterina , Pfeuiocbamapitys Lobelij b Clufij, Cha-
mapitys Spuria Dodonai, Ballard Ground Pine.

IV. The Defcriptions. The firfi , or Common
Ground Pine, has a Root which is woody , and pend-
ing every Tear ^ the Herb grows low , and feldom
rifes above an Hand bteadth high, (hooting forth le-
veral fmall Branches, fet with (lender, fmall, long,

narrow.

Chap. 330. ‘Englijh Herbs.

467

narrow, greyilh, or whitifh Leaves, fomewhat hairy,
and divided into three parts oftentimes, many indit-
ing together at a Joint, and Lome of them growing
lometimes alfo Icatteredly upon the Stalks, fmelling
fomething ftrong, like unto Rofin, or the-fmell of
the Pine Tree; the Flowers are very fmall, and of
a pale yellow color, growing from the Joints of the
Stalks all along among the Leaves , after which
come fmall, long, and round Husks.

V. The feconi , or Lefler Ground Pine, bos a Root
which is fomewhat long ani fiejhy , like the Root of
Succory , or Dandelion , with many Fibres thereat ,
but f mailer-, it is alfo a fmall Herb, growing up
with many hairy and hoary white flender Branches,
not above g Hand breadth high , on which are fet
many fmall long Leaves , yet Ihorter than the for-
mer , hairy alfo and hoary white , not in Tufts or
Bulhes, but growing by couples , clofe together all
along the Stalks, cut in, or divided into fome parts,
of a ftrong but fweet fcent, much fweeter than the
former at the tops of the Branches grow the Flow-
ers, many together, of a pale yellowith white color.

VI. The third , or Aullrian Ground Pine, has a
Root compofed of many black Strings , ani hard , grow-
ing deep into the Ground ', and fpringing again frefh
every Tear ; from this Root rile up feveral fquare ,
ftrong, hairy Stalks, a Foot long, with many Joints
on them, at which grow two fomething long and
hard Leaves , a little like unto the firft , but broad-
er, green, and fhining on the upper fide, but fome-
what hoary and full of Veins on the under fide, di-
vided into three or four parts , and fometimes into
more, a little hot in tafte , but not unpleafant , nor
of any difpleafing fcent ; from the Joints fpring forth
fmaller Branches, with the like Leaves on them, but
lefler divided , and towards the tops nothing at all,
but fmooth and long , like unto Rofemary Leaves ;
from the upper Joints, and ends of the Stalks and
Branches , grow feveral gaping Flowers , like unto
Germander , of a deep Purple or Violet Color for
the moll part, but fometimes of a lively Red Color,
and fometimes of a bleaker Blue, or Sky Color, the
lower Leaves or Chaps of the Flowers being whi-

tfh , fpotted with red Spots; after which come
black, fhining, longifh, and cornered Seed, four for
the molt part encloled in evefy of thofe rough Husks,
in which the flowers flood before.

VII. The fourth , or Male Ground Pine , has a
fmall fingle Root , of a woody fubfance , which Jirikes
pretty deep into the Ground, with fome few Fibres
J hooting from it. It is a fmall Herb, and very ten-
O 0 0 3 der.

Salmon’ s Herbal.

Lib. 1.

de , ceeping upon the Ground, having linalL and
crooke 1 B; itches, full oi joints ; at every Joint from
the bottom comes forth two long Leaves , one on
etch it to the Joint, which are long, narrow, and
flender at the bottom, but as they proceed in length
are hairy , and cut or jagged deeply, almoft to the
middle 'Rib, into two. three, or four deep Jags, not
much unlike to a Bucks Horn, faving that the ends
of thefe Jags are rounder pointed, or broader; at
every oi rheie Joints, with the Leaves, at their bot-
toms g tv the Flowers, without any Footftalk, one
at the toot of each Leut , and fpring out of a little
rough Husk, being fmall , and of a pale yellow co-
lor. and lometimes alfo white; the Leaves growing
on the upper Joints , as they approach the top, are
for the molt part divided into three long parts, not
very much unlike to Rofemary Leaves.

VIII. The fifth , or Baftard Ground Pine, has a
Root which is fomewhat thick and white , abiding all
the Winter. It grows like a fmall bufhy Herb, ve-
ry like unto the Common Kind , having fmall hairy
Stalks, let full of long hairy Leaves all along them,
parted into three long parts, of almoft no fcent, but
an unplea fant Herby one* the Flowers ftand at the
Joints with the Leaves at the tops of the Branches,
very like to thole of the Lommon Ground Tine , but
fomewhat greater , and of a white color ; after the
Flower the Seed follows, which is greyifh, greater
and rounder than the Common Kind , four for the moft
part contained in every one of thofe brownifh rough
Husks.

IX. The Places. The firft grows Wild in Eng-
landchiefly in Kent, (not growing in many other
Shires that we know of) very much about Dart ford,
along to Southfleet , Gravefend, Cobhant, Rochefler,
Horton , and Sutton, and upon Chatham Down, hard
by the Beacon, and half a Mile from Rochefler , nigh
a Houle called Selfey-, the other four are chiefly
nurfed up in Gardens, but grow Wild in Italy, Sa-
voy. Gcnoua, Spain, and Aujlria.

X- The Times. They all Flower in June, July,
and fometimes in Auguft, and give their ripe Seed
in the mean time, or not long after.

XI. The Qualities. Ground Fine is hot in the
fecond degree, and dry in the firft, it is Inciding,
Aperitive, Abfterfive, Diuretick, Hepatick, Splene-
tick, Nephritick, Hyfterick, and Arthntick , Em-
menagogick, a little Sudorifick, Chylifick, Sperma-
togenetick, and Alexipharmick.

XII. The Specification. It is peculiar againit the
Strangury, and Hyfterick Fits, provokes the Terms,
facilitates the Labour, and expels the Dead Child
and Afterbirth.

XIII. The Preparations. You may prepare there-
from, i. A Liquid Juice. 2. An Effence. 3. A
Decotlion. 4. A Diet Drink. 5. AConferve of the
Tops and Flowers. 6. Pills. 7. An Ointment or
half am. 8. A Cataplafm. 9. A Lotion. 10. A
Dijlilled Water, n. A Spirit. 1 2. An Acid Tin-
Qure. 13. A Spirituous Tintlure. 14. An Oily
Tintture.

The Virtues.

XIV. The Liquid Juice. It does admirably pre-
vail againft the Strangury , and all ftoppages of 11-
rine, or any inward pain arifing from thofe Difeafes
of the Reins, Ureters, and Bladder-, it may be gi-
ven Morning and Night, irom two to four Spoon-
fuls, in a Glafs of White Port Wine.

XV. The Effence. It has all the former Virtues,
befides which it Angularly opens obftru&ionS of Li-
ver and Spleen , cleanfes the Blood , removing its
grofsnefs and impurities, it expels that which is

congealed in the Stomach, or other Bowels, and
gently opens the Body-, it alfo wonderfully helps
all Difeafes of the Mother, taken inwardly, and out-
wardly ufed, by injeQdon; it provokes the Terms,
facilitates the Delivery of Women in Travail, and
expels the Dead Child and Afterbirth; yea, it is fo
powerful upon thofe parts , that it is forbidden to
Women with Child , for that it is apt to induce
Abortion, or Delivery before the time; it is power-
ful and effectual alfo in all Pains and Difeafes of the
Joints, as Gouts, Sciatica, Rheumatifm, Cramps,
Convulfions of the Nerves, Palfies, Falling-Sicknefs,
and other Diftempers of like kind, being ufed both
inwardly, and outwardly applied , or bathed upon
the parts affefted ; it is alfo an efpecial good help
againft the Jaundice, griping pains of the Belly, or
any pains in the other Vifcera , proceeding from Cold
and Flegmatick Humors. Dole four , five , or fix
Spoonfuls, mixt with fome Generous Wine, Morn-
ing, Noon, and Night, according as the weaknefs
of the Patient, and neceflity of the occafion may
require.

XVI. The Decotlion in Wine. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Liquid Juice and Effence, and may be
given Morning, Noon, and Night, half a Pint at a
time; it ought to be made of the Plant or Herb,
when it is in Flower chiefly, for then it is ftrongeft
and moft powerful; it provokes Sweat, if taken
when the Patient is in a naked Bed , and covered
warm down upon it ; it prevails alfo againft the Poy-
fon of the Aconites of all forts, and of other Poyfon-
ous Herbs, as alfo againft the Biting of Mad Dogs,
and other Venomous Creatures, the Stinging of Scor-
pions, Hornets, Wafps, Bees, &c. and is a lingu-
lar good thing againft a Cough, efpecially in the be-
ginning, before it is grown inveterate.

XVII. The Diet Drink. It is made by Tunning
it up in new Ale or Beer when it is firft fet on
working , four Handfuls to a Gallon , and may be
drunk after four or five days, Dietetically, againft
all thofe Difeafes for which the Juice, Effence, or
Deco&ion are given, and is more pleafant for quea-
fie Stomachs.

XVIII. TbeConferve. The Conferve of the Flow-
ers participates of all the former Virtues, but in a
much weaker degree, however Matthiolus commends
it againft the Palfie ; it may be taken to the quan-
tity of a Walnut every Morning fafting*,’ and laft at
Night going to Bed, for fome time.

XIX. The Pills. There are three forts of Pills
made with this Herb. 1. PiluU Chanutpityos Sim-
plices. Simple Pills of Ground Pine. They are
made of the Pouder of the Herb, and Mucilage or
Pulp of Figs, and have the Virtues of the Juice,
Effence, and Decoftion, given Morning and Night,
from one Dram to two Drams, wafhing them down
with a Draught of the Deco&ion of Ground Pine
in Wine aforementioned. 2. PiluU Chamapityos
Compofita , Pills of Ground Pine Compound. Take
Pouder of Ground Pine five Ounces, fine Pouder of
Hermodatfs three Ounces, Sal Nitre two Ounces,
Scammony in fine Pouder one Ounce, Venice or Str ax-
burgh Turpentine a fujficient quantity, mix, and
make a Mafs of Pills. Dofe one Dram, or more,
in the Morning faffing. They cure the Dropfie,
Jaundice, Gout, Sciatica, Kings-Evil, Strangury,
and all ftoppages and heat of Urine. 3. PiluU
Chamapityos Mat thiol 1 , Matthiolus his Pills of Ground
Pine. Take Ground Pine, Betony, Rofemary Flow-
ers, St cechas, all in fine Pouder, of each one t Ounce ,
of Agarick in Pouder two Ounces, of Rhubarb , Tur-
bith in Pouder, of each an Ounce and half, Colocyn-
this in Pouder half an Ounce, Diagredium , or rather
Scammony in Pouder, one Ounce, Hi era Picrafimplex
four Ounces, Ginger. , Spicknard, Sal Gem, of each

in

Chap. 330. Euglijh Herbs .

4 6g

in Poudcr two Dooms, mix them, and with Juice , or
rather Syrup of Ground Pine , make a Mafs of Pills.
Dofe one Dram, or Dram and half, at Bed time.
Thefe Pills he commends againft the Palfie, and fays
they will give a prefent and lpeedy help ; 1 have ie-
veral times uled them againft the Scurvy, Dropfie,
Jaundice, Gout, Rheumatifm, Kings-Evil, Obftrutli-
ons of the Lungs, and in malignant and putrid Ul-
cers, Fiftula’s, &c. with admirable fuccefs.

XX. The Ointment or hat Jam. Anointed on the
Fundament it prevails againft the Piles, tho’ ulcera-
ted, it difeuifes hard Tumors, as well in Womens
Breafts as in other parts of the Body , but for this
purpofe the Ointment is only to be uled ; the Oint-
ment or Baliam do not only cleanfe putrid, ltinking,
foul, malignant and virulent Sores and Ulcers of all
forts, but they alfo conglutinate the Lips of Green
Simple Wounds in any part, and quickly heal the
fame; the Balfam is an excellent thing againft the
Gout and Sciatica, being often and long applied.

XXI. The Cataplafm. Made of the Green Herb,
with Pulp of Figs, or Honey, and being applied to
Womens Breafts, it diffolves the hardnefs of them,
as alfo other hard Tumors in any other part of the
Body; it cleanfes alfo putrid, malign, and virulent
Ulcers and old Sores in what part foever.

XXII. The Dift 'dled Water. It is a good thing
againft Sand and Gravel , the Strangury , and othei
Diftempers of the Urinary parts and Womb , but it
is much more effe&ual if it is drank fix Ounces at a
time, mixt with one or two Ounces of the Liquid
Juice or Effence of the Herb.

XXIII. The Lotion. Take of the Juice or Effence
four Ounces , of the Di filled Water fix Ounces , Mad-
der in fine Pouder three Drams , Alum two Drams ,
Honey four Ounces , mix, digefl over a fimpering heal
for an Hour, then ufe it as a Gargarifm ; it cures
a fore Mouth or a lore Throat in a very little time,
after an admirable manner , and that when many
other things have failed.

XXIV. The Spirit. It comforts the Head, Brain,
and Nerves admirably , and is prevalent againft Le-
thargies, Palfies, Convulfions , Numbednefs, and
other like Diftempers, given from one to two, three,
or four Drams, either alone dulcified, or mixt with
any other proper Vehicle ; it alfo is Angularly good
againft Sicknefs at Heart, Fainting and Swooning
Fits, and other Difaffeffions of like kind.

XXV. The Acid Tincture. It powerfully opens
ObltruQions of the Reins and Bladder , reprefles
Vapours from the Spleen and Womb, is good againft
Sand , Gravel , and Stone , and of excellent ufe a-
gainft the Scurvy; it reftifies the obliquity of the
Stomach , caufes a good Appetite and Digelfion
and opens Obftruffions of the Lungs, helps Wheez-
ings , Hoarfenefs , difficulty of breathing , fhortnefs
of Breath, Coughs, Colds, and the like. Dole fo
many drops as to give the Vehicle a pleafing acidi-
ty, and to be ufed in all that the Patient drinks.

XXVI. The Spirituous Tint lure. It is good a-
gainft Heart Qualms, Palfies, Convulfions, Lethar-
gies, and other Difeafes of the Nerves ; it ftrength-
ens the Stomach, and being given to three or lour
Drams it provokes Sweating , and is good againft
the Bitings of Mad Dogs, Serpents, and other Ve-
nomous Creatures. Dofe ordinarily two Drams, in
a Glafs of Wine, or any other convenient Vehicle,
twice or thrice a day.

XXVII. The Oily TintJure. Inwardly taken it
prevails againft the Stone and Gravel, or Tartarous
Matter in the Reins or Bladder , and by fortifying
the Stomach and Head , as alfo the Original of the
Nerves, it is found by experience powerfully to te-
ftore in the Palfie; outwardly applied, (by well
anointing upon the part) it eafes all Pains and Aches (

proceeding from Cold, ftrengthens weak Limbs and
Joints,' gives eafe in the Gout and Sciatica proceed-
ing from a cold Caufe, prevails againft Cramps and
Convulfions of the Nerves , and is a fingular thing
againft the Palfie, rhe Spina Dorfi being well anoint-
ed therewith Morning and Night, together with the
parts affefted.

CHAP. CCCXXXI.

0/GROUN D-P I N E Sea,
0 R,

Sea G O U T -I V Y.

I-'-p HE Names. It is called in Greek mruf

_L ’ApQpaa.j in Latin Cbdn.apitys

Maritima , Antbyl/is tierbariorum , Am by Ills altera
Diofcoridls , An thy l Its ChamApityoides , alio Iva Mo/-
ebata by feme, in Engltjh Sea Ground Fine.

IL The Kinds. It is the fecond generick Species
ol Ground Pine , mentioned in Chap. 330. Sett. 2. a -
loregoing, and a lingular Plant of the Kind ; it is
the Ant by Ills altera C/tt/ij , who fays it is Very like
unto C biiwapitys-, but Baubinus refules to Name
this with the Anthyllides in his P inax, and therefore
puts it among his Cbuma pity aides.

III. The Defcription. It has a Root which is fome-
what thick and while, which fends forth f ever al hard,
hairy Stalks, without Branches upon them , upon
which do grow many fomewhat long and narrow
Leaves, without order, one above another, bulbing
“ick the top , fomewhat like unto thofe of C/.v-
mapity or Ajuga, but dented about the edges, and
hairy alfo, fomething of a warming hot tatte, and
ltrong unpleafant favour ; the Flowers grow among
the Leaves upon the Branches, like unto the Flow-
ers of Chcimapitys, or Ground Pine , but of a purple
reddhh color, after which come ftnall, greyifh, rough
Seed a little long , and four for the molt part in
every Husk.

IV. The P laces. It grows upon the Sea Coaft in
leveral Countries and Kingdoms, I found it in feve-
ral places on the Sea Coaft of Honda.

V. The Times.. It Flowers in July and Atiguji ,
and the Seed is ripe in September.

VI. The Vitalities. It is hot and dry in the fe-
cond degree. Aperitive, Abfterfive, and Diuretick
Nephrmck, Hyfterick, and Alexipharmick.

VII. The Specification. It is prevalent' again#
Sand , Gravel , and Tartarous Matter in the Reins
and Bladder, and to cure the Scurvy.

VIII. The Preparations. You may have there-

from, 1 . A Ltqitid Juice , or EJJence. 2. An Oil by
Cotfion in Oil Olive. 7

IX. The Liquid Juice , or Effence. It powerful-
ly provokes Urine, and cleanfes the Reins and Blad-
der of fmall Stones, Gravel, Sand, and Tartarous
Matter, thereby giving a Cure in the Strangury- if
it is given to one or two Ounces, according to Age
and Strength, in the Morning falling, and laft at
Night going to Bed, in a Glafs of Oxyme /, or White
Fort Wine, it does much good againft the Falling-
Sicknefs,^ and taken daily tor lome time, a Spoon-
ful at a time, in a Glafs of Wine, it reprelfes Va-
pors, and Fits of the Mother.

X. The Oil by Infolation or Cotfion in Oil Olive .

Injected

47 o SalmonV Herbal. Lib. 1.

Injected into the Womb it fofeens the hardnefs there-
of, and by anointing difeuffes hard Tumors in other
parts of the Body.

CHAP. CCCXXXII.

0/GROUN D-P I N E Heath,

o R,

GOU T-I V Y Wild.

I. ~p H E Names. It is called in Greek KSe«, ob
1 pulchritudinem , verum Hippocrates cb An-
tiqui Kifw, i. e. Fupillam. , vocarunt propter Semen,
Oculi Pupil Id, feu anteriori Humeri Cryjlallino , am-
bit it Sph&rico, baud abjbmie cernitur $ in Eat me Co-
ns , and in Englijh Heath Ground-Fine , and Fair
Heath Ground-Fine.

II. The Kinds. It is the third Generick Species
of Ground-Fine mentioned in Cap. 330. Sell. 2. and
of this Species Authors have enumerated three feve-
ral Kinds, viz. 1. Carts Matthioli , fo called by Ca-
mer al ius , Gefner , Lacuna , Lonicerus , Lobe/, Lug-
dune nfis , Tabernamontanus, & a/ijs-, Coris lutea
Bauhini , The Common, or moll vulgar Fair Heath
Ground-Pine. 2. Cons Legitima Erica fimilis Bel-
li, Coris Legitima Cretica Belli, Fair Heath Ground-
Pine of Candia. 3. Coris Monfpelienfium , Coris
Monfpeliaca Lent & Lobe/ij, Cameranj & Taber-
namontani, Coris quorundam Cluftj , Coris carulca
Maritime Bauhini , Coris Purpurea , Purple Fair
Heath Ground-Pine.

Heath C/roundfiiiLe.

HI. The Delcriptions. The firfi ', or Common
Heath Giound-Pine , has a Root which is fomewhat
lon° uni woody, with many fibrous Threads thereto
adjoining , from which fpring up feveral hard, woody,
re'ddifh Stalks, tull of Joints, rifing up to the height
of a foot, or more, and having alfo on them many
im-il L and long, thick and fat Leaves, fee together

at every Joint, fomething like unto Spergula , or
Frank Spurry - at the tops of the Stalks grow feve-
ral Flowers , each of them upon a fhort Footftalk ,
confuting of five or fix Leaves , not much unlike to
Hyper icon, or Ornithogalum , Star of Bet blew, as La-
bel compares them, but of a whitifh red color, with
yellow Threads in the middle, yet Matthioius and
others fay the Flowers are all yellow, like Hypericon ,
fuelling a little fweet, which being paft away, the
Seed is found enclofed in round Heads. This Plant
keeps its green Leaves all the Winter, but turn of a
fomewhat yellowifh red color towards Autumn.

IV. The fecond , or Fair Heath Ground-Pine of
Candy, has a Root which is long, fpr ending, and woody,
abiding with green Leaves thereon all the Winter.
This Plant, as Bellus faith, grows in good Ground
to be a Cubit and half high, Branching forth many
ways , and bearing many fmall Leaves , like unto
Heath , on woody Stalks and Branches j the Flowers
grow at the tops of the Branches, and are much like
to thofe of Hyper icon, and of a yellow color, which
being paft away the Seed follows , being enclofed
in Husks like the former.

V. The third, or Purple fair Heath Ground-Pine,
has a Root which is reddifh, hard, and woody, great-
er than the proportion of the Riant Jhould Jeem to re-
quire, giving a Dye or Color , not only to the Fingers
of them which touch it, but ferves alfo to Dye Lin -
tten Cloth withal, among thofe Reople where it grows
naturally -, it abides all Winter, altho ’ the Leaves are
then more reddifh than in Summer, but requires fome
care to preferve it with us. From this Root rife up
many round, woody, and reddifh Stalks, not fo high
as the former, having many fmall, long, thick, and
roundifh Leaves fet thereon, moft commonly with-
out order , and yet fometimes conformable one to
another, fomewhat like unto the greater Kind of
Heath-, the tops of the Stalks are furnifhed with a
great Spiked Tuft or Bufli of Purplifh Blew Flow-
ers, (but of a pale Red with us) fuelling fomething
fweet, each confuting of four Leaves apiece, double
forked as it were at the ends, two whereof which
ftand uppermoft are greater than the other two which
are lower, which will continue long in their perfect
color, being gathered in their prime, and each of
them Handing in a brownifh Husk, parted at their
tops into five points , and fpotted with five blackifh
fpots on the outfide, wherein afterwards grows the
Seed, which is fmall, round , and blackifh, wrapped
up as it were in many Coats or Films, whofe Husks
then do grow fomewhat hard, and fharp at the ends,
when as before, t^hile the Flower lafted, they were
not fo.

VI. The Rlaces. The firft Matthioius fays grows
in many places in Italy in dry and Hilly Grounds,
which Rena confirms 5 it grows by Carara, a Village
in Liguria: the fecond grows in Candy-, thelaft, as
Rena fays, about Montpelier , alfo near the Sea in Va-
lencia, and in dry Grounds about Salamanca in Spain,
as Clufius fays ^ with us in England they only grow
in Gardens, but I have found them all growing in
dry Hilly Ground in feveral parts of Florida.

VII. The Times. They Flower early in all thofe
hot Countries, even in March in fome places, and in
others in April and May, but with us in England la-
ter, as in June and July, but do feldom perfect their
Seed with us.

VIII. The Qualities , Specification, R reparations ,
Virtues and Ufes, are fully the fame with the Com-
mon Ground-Pine in Chap. 350. Sett. 1 1. to Sett. 2 6.
and therefore to the fame we refer you.

IX. Note, 1 . The Seed of Heath GrounJ-Rine , ei-
ther bruifed and drunk^ or made into a Deception

in

Chap. 33 Englijb Herbs.

471

in White Port Wine, powerfully provokes Urine,
and the Terms in Women where they are ltopped,
and alfo cures the Strangury, if the Bladder is not
exulcerated^ it is alfo a Remedy for thole who are
bitten with the Pbalangium , and for thole troubled
with the Gout and Sciatica , if bathed therewith 3
and taken with Pepper in fubftance, it reprefles the
fhaking Fits of Agues : the fame things do the Juice,
Eflence, or Decoftion of the Herb.

X. Note, 2. An Oil ', Ointment , or half am, made
(f the Seed or Herb, eafe the Gout and Sciatica,
anointing therewith-, they alfo heal any old or run-
ning Sore or Ulcer, and dry up that fuperliuous
moifture, which by an afflux upon the part, hinders
the Cure.

CHAP. CCCXXXIII.

Of GROUNDSEL Common.

I- ' I ' H E Names. It is called in Greek ’HAww,

-L Erigeron , quia vere Senefcit , in Latine En-
gerum. , Senetio , & Senefcio , quia cito Senefcit 3 and
in Englifh Groundfel , and Grunfel.

II. The Kinds. There are two leveral forts of
Groundfel, 1. The Common Kind , of which in this
Chapter. 2. The Cotton Groundfel , of which in
Chap. 334. following. Of the Common Kind there
are alfo two forts, 1. Senefcio , vel Senetio vulgaris
(called by fome Authors Senecio minor , becaufe they
call Jacobea , or Ragwort , Senecio major ) and Eri-
gerum , from the Greek Name, Common or Vulgar
Groundfel. 2. Senecio , vel Erigerum Montanum
Senetio Mont anus, Senecio fecundus Tabernamonta-
7ti, Mountain Groundfel.

III. The Defcriptions, The fir ft , or Common
Groupdfel , has a Root which is fmall and thready ,
and foon [ erifhes , from whence rifes a round, green ,

and fome what brownifh Stalk , Jpr ending it Jelj to-
wards the top into fome Branches , fet with long, and
fomewhat narrow green Leaves , very much jagged,
or cut in on the edges, fomething like unto Rocket’
or rather an Oaken Leaf, but /ejfer, and round at
the ends-, at^ the tops of the Stalks and Branches
grow many fmall green Heads, out of which grow
fmall yellow Threads or Thrums , which are the
flowers, which continue many days blown in that
manner before they pafs away into Down, and
with the Seed, (which is long) is carried away with
the Wind 3 but from this Seed which is thus fhed it
foon rifes again, fo that it may be feen many Months
in the Year young and green, and in Flower, and ia
Seed, for it will fpring up and Seed twice in a Year
at leaff, if it is fuffered to grow in a Garden.

IV. The fecond , r Mountain Groundfel , has a
Root like unto the former , and rifes up with a like
round and green Stalk, which is branched in the fame
manner 3 it is almoft wholly like the other, but it
grows not altogether fo high, and its Leaves are
greater, and more cut in on the edges.

V. The P laces. The firft is found every where
almoft, as well on the tops of Walls as on the
Ground amongft Rubbifh , and in untilled Grounds,
but more elpecially in Gardens 3 the other grows
upon Hills and Mountains, both in England and pla-
ces beyond the Sea.

VI. The Times. The firft is found to Flower al-
moft in every Month of the Year, perfecting its Seed
in the mean feafon 3 the lecond comes fomewhat
near unto the firft, but its Flowers do not fo fud-
denly decay.

VII. The Qualities . It is cold and moift in the
nrlt degree, is Digeftive, Ablterfive, Diuretick, and
Fmerick.

VIII. The Specification. It is a peculiar Remedy
againit the Yellow Jaundice, ftoppage of Urine,
Dikjifes of the Eyes, and the Falling-Sicknefs.

IX. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, 1. A Liquid Juice. 2. An EJJe nee. 3. A
Decoffion in Ale , Beer , Wine , or Water. 4. A
Pouder of the Herb. 5. A Balfam or Ointment. 6 .
A Cataplafm. 7. A Difiilled Water.

The Virtues.

X. The Liquid Juice. . If it is drunk from one
Ounce to two Ounces, mixed in any proper Vehicle, it
cleanfes the Stomach from all corrupt and crude
Humors by Vomiting, whereby it eafes the Pains of
the Stomach caufed from the abounding of Choler 3
it is alfo good againft the Jaundice and Falling-
Sicknefs, in which two Cafes it ought to be feveral
times repeated 3 it alfo takes away the heat, Raid-
ing, fharpnefs, and ftoppage of Urine, and the pain
in making Water, expelling Sjnd, Gravel, Stones
and Tartarous Matter from the Reins and Bladder.

XI. The E/fence. It has all the former Virtues
and is much more pleafant to take 3 it prevails a-
gainft the Colick, and Griping of the Gurs, as alfo
the Gout, Sciatica, and Rheumatifm, it purges the
Liver of its Recrements, and provokes die Terms in
Women, giving it from two Spoonfuls to four in
White Port Wine 3 it Vomits as the Juice does, and
therefore muft be given with the fame caution.

XII. The De colt ion in Ale , Beer , Wine , or Wa-
ter. It has all the Virtues of the Juice and Eflence,
and works in the fame manner, but not all out lb
ftrongly , and therefore may be given from four to
eight or ten Ounces, according to Age and Strength.

XIII. The Pouder of the Herb. It may be given
to a Dram or more in Oxymel, proportioning the

Dofe

47 2

Salmon 4 Herbal. Lib. I-

Dole according to Age and Strength of the Patient ;
it effectually cleanfes the Stomach, and prevails a-
giintt Gout; Sciatica, Rheumatifm, Jaundice, Drop-
lie, and Epilepfie-, it is alfo faid to expel Sand and
Gravel lrom the Urinary parts; it dries up alfo Hu-
midities in Wounds and Ulcers.

XIV. The Balfam or Ointment. It may be made
with the green Herb, or with the juice of the Leaves,
adding lome fineFrankincenle, or Olibanum in Pon-
der ; it cleanfes and heals Ulcers and old Sores, and
cures Wounds, whether in the Flefhy or Nervous
parts, (Lengthens the Joints, gives eafe in the Gout,
difcufies hard Tumors, and prevails againlt the Hae-
morrhoids or Piles in Man or Woman.

XV. The Cataplafni. Made of the frelh Herb by
boiling, &c. and applied to Womens Breads which
are fwoln with heat and pain, as alio to the Privy
Parts ot Man or Woman, and ro the Hemorrhoids,
or 1 hem in Ano , rho’ much fwelled and inflamed,
it gives prefent relief-, if Salt is added to it it dif-
folves Knots or Kernels in any part of the Body, yea

til o’ proceeding from the Kings-Evil.

XVI. The Di/IMed Water. It is faid to be ette
flual againlt all the aforenamed Difeafes, befides
which it is efpecially good againlt Inflammations
ot the Eyes, and to help the watering of them, pro-
ceeding from a defluxion of Rheum, and weaknefs
of the part.

XVII. Note. Thirty has a Relation for the Cure
of the Toothach, which, tho’ it feems Fabulous, we
(hall here relate. Ton muft dig up the Plant without
any Iron Tool, and then touch the akmg Tooth there-
with Jive times , Spitting three times ajter every fuch
touch , which done , Plant or Set the Herb again in
the fame place , fo that it may grow , and the Toothach
Jhall prefently ceafe and be perfelUy cured.

met Common fort in the hoarinefs and largenels , as
well of the whole Plant as of the Leaves.

(Jaiiou -fj'rouniscC, ■

CHAP. CCCXXXIV.

Of GROUNDSEL Cotton.

pi E Names. It is called in Greek ‘Hcfotw
( ymtt'dAs, in Latinc Ertgeron Tomentofum ,
Senecio Tomentofus, Senecio Tragi , and in Englijh
On ton Groundfel , or Woolly Groundfel , alfo Clam-
my Groundfel , from the Leaves flicking as it were
unto ones fingers.

II. The Kinds. There are three feveral Species
of this Kind, viz. l . Sentio incanus , Erigerum To-
mentofum, Senecio Tragi, Cotton Groundfel. *. E-
rigerum Tomentofum alterum , Senecio feetidus, Eri-
- rum feetidum Tha/ij , Senecio incanus pinguis Bau-
hini , Jdcobcea Pannonica prima Cluftj , Stinking Cot-
ton Groundfel. ?. Senetio odoratus, Senecio F lore
odorata Camerarij , Sweet fmelling Cotton Ground-
fel.

III. The Defcriptions. The firji , or Common
Corton Groundfel , has a Root which is fmall, and
full of fibres ; it has much larger Leaves, and more
jagged or torn in on the edges than the former Com-
mon fort , and of a greyifh or Afh Color, foft and
hairy, or rather hoary all over -, the Stalks are high-
er and greater, but with fuch like yellow Flowers
upon them, and as foon fading and turning into
Down as the other : this differs chiefly from the for-

IV. The fecond, or- Stinking Cotton Groundfel ,
has a Root which is very fibrous, yet lafleth not after
Seed time , but perijhes as the Common does , and
fprings again oj the Jhed or fallen Seed '. It has many
fair, large and long Leaves lying next the Ground,
very much jagged or torn in on the edges, whereby
they confift of many divifions, fomewhat like unto
thofe of Mugwort, for which reafon fome have cal-
led it Arthemefia fostida, but it is foft, and in hand-
ling very hairy , being alfo bedewed with a fatty
clamminefs, fo much that the Leaves will ftick to
the Fingers of thofe that touch them, and one Leaf
will alfo ftick unto another, fo as with fome diffi-
culty to be taken afunder ; it fmells fomewhat ftrong,
and of an ill feent, (tho’ not unpleafantly to fome)
as Clufius fays, but like Scrophularia , or Ebu/us, as
others fay ; from among which Leaves rife up hairy
crefted Stalks, half a Yard high, fpread out into fe-
veral Ramifications or Branches, but bearing at their
tops fewer Flowers, leffer, and of a paler yellow
color than the Common Groundfel, and upon longer
Footftalks, which quickly fade, and turn into Down,
as the others do.

V. The third, or Sweet fmelling Cotton Ground-
fel, has a fibrous perijhing Root, as the others have,
from which rije up Leaves and Stalks, like the others ;
and indeed this Groundfel is fomewhat like the laft
kind in the foft and woolly Leaves, but not fo much
jagged or torn on the edges as it ; its fmell is fweer,
fomerhing like unto Antbrofia, or Oak of Cappadocia,
or the middle Coniza , or Eleabane ; the Flowers are
like the reft, and as foon growing old and Downy,
as the others do.

VI. The Places. The firft grows by Wood fides,
and borders of Fields, as alfo upon old Walls, in

Chap. 3 5. 'Englifh Herts.

many places:, the lecond grows alfo in woody, bar
ren, and unrilled places ^ the third was lent by Jo-
fephus de CaJ'abona, Herbarilt to the Great Duke of
1 i/j cany. to Camerarius ,out of Italy.

VII. rbe Times. The hr If Flowers almoff every
Month, as the Common Kind does, the two ialt
Flower in May, June , July, and Augufi.

VIII. The Vitalities, Specification , Preparations
and Virtues of thefe are the fame with thofe of the
Common Kind, delivered in the former Chapter from
Sect. 7. to Seft. 1 8. and therefore we Ihali fay no
more thereof in this place.

47]

CHAP. CCCXXXV.

0/ H A R E S-B ELLS Englifh,

0 R ,

Englifh HYACINTH.

rj I H E Names. It has no known Greek Name,
J, but in Latine it is called Hyacintbus Anglicus ’
Hyacimbus Be/gicus, and Hyacimbus Hifpanicus in
Englifh Hares-Bells, or Englifh Hyacinth.

II. T he Kinds. Of this Plant there ate four
Kinds, viz. 1. Hyacimbus Anglicus Cstruleus , Hya-
cinthus non fcript us Dodonni, (becaule none wrote of
it before him) Blew Englilh Hares-Bell, and Blew
Englilh Hyacinth; but it is as well called Be/gicus,
and Hifpanicus. 2. Hyacimbus Anglicus A/bus , Hy-
acintbus Be/gicus Candidus , White Englilh or Dutch
Hares-Bells, or White Englilh or Dutch Hyacinth.
5. Hyacintbus Anglicus , tutt Belgicus Flore lncarnato
Carnation Englilh or Dutch Hares-Bells, or Hyacinth!
4. Hyacintbus Hifpanicus major , Flore Campanula: in-
ftnr , The greater Spanilh Hares-Bells, or Bell-Flow-
ered Hyacinth.

Blew ITfuylisJi flam 2kV ,

III. The Defer iptions. Thefirji, or Blew Englilh
Hares-Bells. The Roots of all thefe foi ls agree., and
are alike , being while, and very flinty, fome of which
will be great and round , others longer and flenier,
andlhofe which lye near the top of the Earth bare, will
be of a green color. From this Hoot riles up leveral
long and narrow green Leaves, 110; Handing upright,
nor yet fully lying upon the Ground, among which
Ipringsup the Staik, bearing at the top many long
and hollow Flowers, lunging down their Heads, all
forwards for the molt parr, and divided at the brims
into fix Leaves or Diviiions, turning up their points
a little again, of a fweecilh but heady Icent, lome-
wliat like unto the Graffie Flower; the Heads tor
Seed are long and Iquare, in which are contained
much black Seed; the color of the Flowers are in
fome a deeper Blew, tending to a Purple, in others
of a paler Blew, or of a bleak Blew, tending to an
Alh Color; and fome are Party Colored.

IV. The fecond, or White Englilh Hares-Bells, hru
Roots, Leaves, Stalks and Flowers very like the for-
mer, faving, that the Leaves in this are fomewhar
broader, and the Flowers more open, and of a very
white color, yet fometimes they are White and
Blew mixt together.

V. The third, or Carnation Englifh Hares-Bells.
Thefe in their bulbous Roots, Leaves, Stalks, blow-
ers, and Seed, as alfo in their magnitude and form
of growing, are very like to the firfi and fecond
Kinds, faving that the Flowers in this are of a fine
Carnation Color for the molt part, or of a fine delay-
ed purplilh Red, or blulh Color, which ibme tall a
Peach Color.

VI. The fourth , or Greater Spanilh Hares-Bells.
It has a bulbous Root, from whence fpring up Jeve-
ral long and narrow green Leaves, which have not
Jirengtb enough in themfelves to ftand upright , but
a little incline or bend downwards. This Plant is
very like to the firlt aforegoing, but that it is greater
in all its parts, as well of Leaves as Flowers, many
growing together at the top of the Stalk, with ma-
ny fhort green Leaves among them , hanging down
their Heads, with larger, greater, and wider open
Mouths, like unto Bells, of a dark Blew Color and
of no pleafmg fmell.

VII. The Places. The firlt Parktnfon lays is fo
common every where, that it fcarcely needed any
Defcription, and that it is more frequent in England
than in the Low Countries , or in Spain ; it grows
in Woods, Copfes, and in the borders of Fields, eve-
ry where throughout England-, the fecond and ’third
are not fo common, but they grow in the Woods by
Colchefler, in EJfex, in the Fields and Woods by
Southfleet, near unto Gravefend, in Kent, as alfo in
a piece of Ground by Canterbury called the Clapper
alfo in the Fields by Bath , and in the Woods by
Warrington, in Lancajhtre, and in other places.

VIII. The Times. They Flower from the begin-
ning of May to the end of June , and the Seed ripens
in the mean Seafon, and in fome little time after.

IX. As to their Qualities, Specification , Prepara-
tions and Virtues Authors have laid nothing, nor do
we know any thing by Experience concerning tile
fame, favmg, that an Ointment being made of the
Roots hereof, is of lingular ufe to ftrengthen weak
Joints.

X. Note. The Root of Hares-Bells, as it is gene-
rally bulbous, fo it is full of a' thick, flimy, Empla-
ftick Juice, which is of fo ltrong a body, that it will
ferveto fet Feathers upon Arrows, inltead of Glew,
or to palte Books with ; and hereof was formerly
made the bell Starch, next to that of Aron, or Wake-
Robin Roots.

P pp

CHAP.

474

Salmon’* “Herbal. Lib. I.

CHAP. CCCXXXVI.

Of HARE S-E A R s.

l.'-p H E Karnes. This Plant is called in Greek
X BfiTAeufo v, Bupleurum Phnij, iovfvwor Coral ,
in Lat 'ine bupleurum , Auricula Leporis, Herba P ci-
neraria Tragi , who cakes ic to be Panax Chironmm
Tbeopbrajli , in Enghjh Hares- Ears. It isdoubtleis
the Bupleurum Hippocratic, mentioned by P//^y L/0.
22. Cap. 22. and by A icander in Tbenacis. Gejner
lays that the Trench call it Elaphobofcum , and Gratia
Dei. Some take it to be Panax Cbironium Diofco -
ridic, but falily. Some will have it to be A mmi
vulgar i vs , others to be Sanamunda. Cordus in his
Hiftory of Plants calls it l/ophyllon , fo that there is
great difference of Opinions among Herbarifts in
judging to what Plant of the Ancients it ought to be
afligned; however, as long as we know what. Plant
it is to which we give the prefent Names it is luf-
ficient. , , c

II. The Kinds. There are three Kinds hereof,
viz. i . Bupleurum Anguliifolium , Auricula Leporis
Anguftifoha Hares-Ears narrow Leav’d. 2. Bupleu-
rum Latifo/ium , Auricula Leporis , Herba Vulnera-
ria , Ifophyllum , Hares-Ears broad Leav'd. 3. Bu-
pleurum Anguflifolium Montanum , Sedurn petreum
Bupleuri Folio, vel pot ms Bupleurum petreum Gra-
mmeo Folio Fens’, Perfoliata Alpina Gramineo Folio,
five Bupleurum Anguflifolium Alpinum , Bupleurum
Angufhffimo Folio Batthini, Narrow Leav’d Moun-
tain Hares-Ears.

III. Tie Defcriptions. T be Jirft, or Common
narrow Leav’d Hares-Ears, bft a Root which is fome-
what long, but fmall , and white on the out fide, much
like to a Partly Root , with divers Fibres adjoining,
which wit h us in England perijhes every Tear. This
Plant rifes up with a round, ftiff, green Stalk, two

Feet high, at the feveral Joints whereof grow feve-
ral long and narrow, very dark, green, fmooth, (hi-
lling Leaves , broadeft at the bottom, and narrower
gradatim unto the ends , with divers Ribs running
thro’ them, the middlemoft whereof is greateft, yet
nothing fo narrow as Grafs Leaves , tho’ fome Au-
thors do compare them with them ; thefe Leaves
ftand one above another up to the top, growing
fmaller and fmaller , being placed likewife at the
Joints ; from the middle of the Stalks, at the leaft,
upwards (if it grows in any good Ground) come
forth fmall Branches, (and fometimes with few or
no Branches at all) at the tops whereof Band many
fmall Tufts or Umbles of yellowifh Flowers, which
turn into fmall Seed , not much unlike to Par fly
Seed, but of a darker color, and fomewhat longer.

IV. The fecond, or Broad Leav’d Hares-Ears, has
a Root like the former, and grows in the fame man-
ner, with like Stalks, Branches , Flowers, and Seed-,
but herein this chiefly differs from that, viz. that
this bears broader but fhorter Leaves, fmallelt at the
foot, broadeft in the middle, and ending in a lmall
(harp point, fomewhat hollow , and bowing down-
wards, with feveral long Nerves or Ribs therein, as
in the former , and the middle Ribs moft eminent,
or raifed higheft.

V. T be third, or Narrow Leav’d Mountain Hares-
Ears, hau a round thick Root, about a Foot long. Jet
with Knobs or Bunches injlead of Branches, which
has a thick Bark, of a dark red on the out fide, and
pale within, and divided at the head into many parts-,
from thefe Knobs or Heads arife feveral long and
narrow green Leaves, lying on the Ground, compaf-
fing one another at the bottom, like a Star, for the
form of them like to the firft Hares-Ears , but nar-
rower; from divers of thefe Tufts of Leaves rife up
dark round Stalks, about an Hand breadth high,
bearing at the tops many pale yellow Flowers, made
of feven pointed Leaves apiece, and in the middle
of them feveral fmall Seeds fet thick together, fome-
thing like unto Thoroa-Wax, 01 as the former

Hares-Ears ,

'Englijb Herbs.

La. i s f n i , which Inidl ve:y ltiung, the wiiule
Plant die rafles like an Artichoke:

VI. The Places. The two hrft Lobe/ fays grew
about /Wo at pc! ter in Prance., and Tragus lays in dry
liosy plates in Germany and are both of them found
in feveral places of l.ncjard -, the third Pena lays
grows upon Mount Baldus, and has been iound up-
on Mountainous places in blond , near the Englijb
Plantations.

VII. The Times. They all Flower late, viz. not
until the end of July, and in AuguJ }, and their Seed
is ripe in September.

Vill. The Qualities. They are temperate in re-
fpe£t to the firlt Qualities, as to heat and cold, dri-
nefs and moifture, are Abfterfive, Vulnerary, Diure-
tick, Cardiack, Nephritick, Hyfterick, and Alexi-
pharmick.

IX. The Specification. They ate peculiar for
healing of Wounds in any part, whether inward or
outward.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
r . A Juice or Effence of the Leaves. 2. A DecoBi-
on in Wine. 3. A Pouier of the Root or Seed. 4.
An Ointment or Balfam. 5. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues .

XI. The Juice or Effence. Taken to three or
four Spoonfuls , either alone, or mixt with Wine ,
it is good againft the Bitings or Stinging of Serpents,
or other Venomous Creatures, the place alfo out-
wardly bathed with rhe fame; it alfo provokes Urine,
and prevails againft the Strangury, and is of good
ufe to bring down Womens CouffeS When ftopt, be-
ing taken Morning and Night in White Port Wine ;
taken alfo inwardly Dietetically it Angularly con-
tributes to the Curing of Wounds, old running Sores,
and rebellious Ulcers.

XII. The DecoBion in Wine. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Juice ot Effence, but not full out fo
powerful , yet it more excellently chears the Heart
and revives the Spirits, and is prevalent againft Faint-
ing and Swooning Fits in Men or Women.

XIII. The Ponder of the Seed Being given to
one Dram in a Glals of White Port Wine, it refills
the Poyfort of Vipers, Rattle-Snakes, and other Ve-
nomous Beads, is alfo Diuretick, cleanfes the Reins
and Bladder of Tartarous Matter , and prevails a-
gainft the Strangury.

XIV. The Ointment or Balfam. It heals Ample
Wounds at once or twice dreffing , and is good a-
gainft all forts of Sores, whether they be freffi and
green, or old and malign, when rebellious and diffi-
cult to ,be Cured.

XV. The Cataplafm. Applied to the Biting of
Serpents, Mad Dogs, and other Poyfonous Animals,
it attraUs and draws forth the Venom.

CHAP. CCCXXXVII.

Of HARES -FOOT,

OR,

TREFOIL Spiked.

I-J I ' H E Names. It is called in Greek Aim,
X in Latine Lagopus, Lagopodium , Trifolium
Humile , Leporis Cuminum, Cl Pes Leporis, a Lepo-

ns h/rjuio Pede, from the hairy Icot 4 an flare, al-
io Lagoyy/cn , by Hppocrales , cjuafi Tnticum L/p '■
rinum , Lecaule it grew among Corn, and in Engufh
it is called Hares- Toot, Spike Trefoil , and Corn Tre-
foil.

II. The Kinds. Authors make fix feveral Species
oi this Plane, but we Hull cake notice only of three,
as being thofe chiefly which are to be found with us,
or in feme ot our Plantations beyond the Seas. They
are, J. Lagopus vulgaris , Lagopus minor , Lotus
Camped ris Tragi , Our common Hares-Fooc. 2. J
gopus maxtmus tlore rubro Lobelij d C/ufij , Lagopus
major polio Trifolij Lobelij Cl Dodonai, The grea tell
Hares-boou. 3. Lagopus major, toho Pinnato, Logo-
pus altera Polio Pinnato Lobelij , Trifoliurn tnajus
tertium Clujij , Trifoliurn magnum Lvniceri d Core
di, Cytifus Tragi d Columella, Trifoliurn SpuClain
Thaltj, The longer headed Flares-Foot.

III. The Defcriptions. The firfl, or Our Common
Hares-F'oot. It heu a fmall , long, dringy Root , which
fends forth Stalks , with fmall, whitijh, woolly , Trefoil
Leaves fet upon them, with Jhort fbotfia/ks-, the
Heads at the tops are with their roundnefs fome-
what long, and compofed, as it were, all of a hairy
or hoary Downinefs, whofe Flowers in fome are of
a White, in others of a Bluffi Color-, it is an Annu-
al Plant, as are the two following , but this is espe-
cially to be noted in this Stock of Hares-Feet, or
Spiked Trefoil, that thefe perifh Yearly , whereas
molt of the other forts of Trefoils do not : This
Common Hares-F'oot is well known to be a fmall
Plant, but it grows greater and higher in fome pla-
ces, and fmaller and lower in others, according to
the goodnefs of the Soil or Ground it is found in.

IV. The fecond , or Greareft Hares-Foot, hat an
Annual, fmall, long, thready Root alfo , which fends
forth feveral Trefoil Leaves, each ft a tiding on a long
Foolfialk , being almofl round, and denied about the
edges , very like to the Meadow Trefoil, as well in
bignefs as form , very foft , and of a pale green color-,
from among thefe rife up weak bending Stalks, a
Foot or more high, branched out, and bearing the
like, but fomewhat longer Leaves on them, and at
their tops clofe Spiked Heads, with many fmall
Flowers round about them , each in a five cornered
Cup, of a delicate Crimlon Color, in which Husks,

P p p 2 after

47 6

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

after the Flowers are putt, grow lmall' yellowilh
iounJ Seed, one only in a Husk, whofe brims ot
comers then Hand displayed, lbmerhing like unto a
Star.

... a Glais of Red Port Wine; but if a Fever is pre-
fent, it may be given in a DecoElion of the Herb in
Water; it is good againlt Cholerick Belchings of
the Stomach, and griping pains of the Belly, and
is profitable to be given to fuch as have foul and
hollow Ulcets , which are ftubborn and of difficult
Cure.

XII. T be Decoition in Wine. It has all the for-
mer Virtues, but not full out fo powerful; being
mixt and taken with Juice or F (fence of Mellows, or
Marfa Mallows , it eafes the pains of the Bladder
and Urethra , and abates the Raiding and heat of
Urine; and this Decoction , as alfo the Eflence, is
faid to be admirably good againlt the Running of
the Reins in Men or Women, and may be ufed as a
Vulnerary Diet-Drink.

XIII. The Ponder of the Heads and Seed. Taken
to one Dram Morning and Night in a Glafs of Red
Port Wine, or in a Decoffion of the Plant in Wine
or Water, (according as the Nature of the Diltem-
rer and Habit of the Patient may require) it helps
Spitting or Pilling Blood, prevails againlt the Bloody
Flux, and is lingular good in the Cure of a Gonor-
rhoea, (Univerlals being premifed) it is an Abfter-
five , and not only cleanfes foul and hollow Ulcers,
but alfo incarnates, or fills them up with Flelh, and
Cicatrizes them.

XIV. The AJhes of the Heads, &c. Being appli-
ed to the Hemorrhoids or Piles, it flops their bleed-
ing, eafes their pain, and heals them.

XV. The Ointment or Balfam. It is Vulnerary ,
cleanfes , incarnates , dries , and heals old running
Sores, and rebellious Ulcers, &c.

V. The third , or Longer headed Hares-Foot, has
a Root much like the former, its Leaves are hoary,
large, and Inger than the former, with feveralcon-
fpicuous Veins in them , making them J hew like U mgs,
the middle Rib on the back of them being fomewhat
great alfo; the Flowers are like the fecond above,
both in form and color, but the whole Head is long-
er and larger.

VI. The Places. The firft grows with ns almoft
every where throughout England in dry Grounds ;
the two latter grow chiefly with us in Gardens, but
are found growing wild in many places ot Italy,
Trance, and Germany.

VII. T he Tunes. They Floutifh and Flower in
the Summer Months only, and their Seed is ripe in
Auguft and September.

VI'II. The Qualities. They are temperate tn re-
Ipetf to heat or cold , and dry in the firft degree ,
Aftringent, Vulnerary, and Stomachick.

IX. The Specification. They are peculiar againlt
Fluxes of the Bowels, chiefly the Bloody Flux, and
other Fluxes of Blood, as Spitting Blood.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,

I. An EJfence. ?. A Decdlhon of the Herb in
Wine. 3. A Ponder of the Heads and Seed. 4.
AJhes of the Heads, y. An Ointment or Balfam.

The Virtues.

XI. The EJfence of Leaves, Stalks, Spiked Heads.
It dries and binds admirably, and it is known by
molt certain Experience to flop a Loofenefs, and
other Fluxes of the Bowels, chiefly the Bloody Flux,
being taken two, three, or four Spoonfuls at a time

HARES-STONES, See
GOATS-STONES,
Chap. 321. aforegoing.

CHAP. CCCXXXVIII.

O/HARTICHOKE Garden,

0 R,

artichoke.

HE Names. It is called in Greek al-

X fo Ka'xr®-, in Latine Cittara , and Cynara ,
(from Cinus, as being of an Alh Color) and in Eng-
lijh Artichoke, and Hartichoke.

II. The Kinds. There are three pdiicipal Kinds,
viz. I. Cinera Hortenfts , Garden Hartichokes , of
which in this Chapter. 2. Cinar? Sylyt firis, vel
Spinofa, Wild Hartichokes, of which m the next
Chapter. 3. Heliantbimum Canadenfe , jerufalem
Hartichokes, of which in Chap. 34°- following.

III. The, Gar den Kinds, They are manifold, as
I Cimtra Rubra, The Common Great Rtjd Harti-
choke. 2. Alba , The White Hartichoke. 3. Vtn-
dis The Green Hartichoke. 4- Procera, The Tall
Hartichoke. 5. P ttmila. The Dwarf or Low Ham-
choke. 6. Gallica, The French Hartichoke. -
Mofcdara, The Mbsked Hartichoke. "S.

Chap. 338. • Enghjh Herbs. 477

The Thiltle like Hurtichoke. 9. Aculeata , The I nor being fo clofely compared together, in which it
Prickly Hartichoke, of all which in order. Jalfodiders from the firlt Kind*

dn.

Hartichckt.

IV. The Defcrlptions. The firft , or Common
Gteat Red Kind, has a Root which fpreads it felf in
the Ground pretty largely , whereby it yields divers
heads of Leaves , or rather Suckers , by which it is
multiplied or increafed ; from this Root fpring up
feveral gteat, large, and long hollowed Leaves, much
cut in or torn on both edges , without any great
fhew of prickles on them, of a kind of whitilh green,
like unto an Afh Color , from whence it took the
Latin Name Cinara ; the Stalk is thick, round, and
llrong , with fome Skins as it were down all the
length of them , beating at the top one fcaly Head,
made at firft like a Pine- Apple, but after, growing
greater, the faid Scales are more feparate, yet in
the belt Kinds lying clofe, and not flaring, as fome
other Kinds do, which are either of a reddifh brown,
whitifh, or greenilh color, and in fome broad at the
ends, and in others fharp or prickly; the Stalk,
Leaves, and Skins which inclofe the Stalk, are ex-
treamly bitter in tafte, beyond expreffion ; after the
Head has flood a great while , if it is fuffered, and
the Summer proves hot and kindly , in fome there
will break forth at top a Tuft of blewilh purple
Thrums, or Threads, under which grow rhe Seed,
wrapped in a great deal of Downy fubftance, but
that Root which yields Flowers will hardly abide
the next Winter, but elfe, being cut off when it is
well grown, that Downy fubftance abides clofe in
the middle of the Head, having the bottom thereof
flat and round , which is that matter or part which
is ufually eaten.

V. The fecond, or Great White Hartichoke, is
all things like to the former Red Kind, but that the
head thereof is of a whitifh Afh color , like the Leaves,
whereas the former is reddifh. T he head of this is
more apt to dilate or fptead it felf farther abroad,

HarLirhoAe ;

common ,

VI. The third, or Green Kind. It is not ninth
unlike the two former Kinds, faving , that the head
of this is green , and very fharp upwards , and is
found very common in many places; nor does it dif-
fer much in goodnefs from the former Kinds , but
it is not altogether fo fweet in tafte.

VII. The fourth , or Tall Kind. It grows to d
Mans height , and is branched into divers Stalks or
Arms , every one bearing a head thereon, almoft as
large as thofe of the firft Kind. This, though com-
mon formerly, is more rare to be met withal now.

VIII. The fifth, or Dwarf or Low Hartichoke.
This is a French Kind, and grows much about Paris,
and which the French efteem more than any other. It
is lower than the following French Kind, the head
of which, as well as the Leaves, are of a lighter
green Color, almoft yellowifh.

IX. The fixth , or French Hartichoke. It has a
white head, the fcales of which (land flaring far a-
f under one from another at the ends , which are
fharp : it is well known by this Quality, that whilft
it is hot, after it is boiled, it fmells fo ftrong, that
one would verily think that it had been boiled in
(linking Water : this Kind was brought over to us in
England after a great Froft, which had almoft de-
ftroyed our bell Kinds , but we have now almoft
loft them again, not being willing they fhould take
up the room or place of better.

X. Thefeventh, or Musked Hafdchoke. It is a
Kind which grows much like the former French, but
it is much better in fpending, though it has a leffer
bottom.

XI. The eighth, or Thiftle like Hartichoke. It is
almoft like the Wild Kind in its manner of growing,
but it grows fmaller , and with a more open and
prickly head than any of the former.

XII. The ninth , or Prickly Hartichoke, which the
French call Chardon, or Cardon, becaufe it is almoji
of the form and nature of a Thiftle, or Wild Harti-
choke ; it grows high, and full of fharp prickles, of

478

Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib.],

a grey till color; John Traacjcan) laid that he taw
Thrfc Acres' of Land about Brajfels Planted with
this Kind, which the owner waited like Endive ,
and titen hold them in Winter for Winter Salleiing.

Xl II. T be ? laces. Thele all grow in Gardens,
but the firft two or three are the moll common with
us; we' find by daily experience that our Eng/ifi >
Re. I hariichoke is the molt delicious ot them all ^
they have been fent from us to trance, Holland,
Italy, and other Countries, where they have grown
well tor a Sealon, but they have not in thefe places
retained their excellency and goodnels for above
Two Years, but have much degenerated, whereas
with us they dailv improve, lo that it leems our
Soil and Climate has the preheminence, and is the
molt natural to this Plant in exalting it to its high-
elf perfection.

XIV. The Times.

■rviv. a...c All thefe Kinds are increafed

by Hipping the young Shoots trom the Roots, which
being replanted in tebruary , March , or April , have
many times -the lame Year, but the next at furtheft,
born very good Heads: The Hartichoke is to be
Planted in a very fat and fruitful Soil, and they love
Water, and a moift Ground ; it is a great Error to
cut away the fide, or fupeiiiuous Leaves which
grow by the Tides, thinking thereby to increafe the
greatnefs of the Heads, when as in truth they de-
prive the Root of much Water by that means, which
would nourilh it , to the feeding and inlarging of
the Heads -, for if you mark the Trough or hollow
Channel which is in every Leaf, it will appear very
evidently, that thofe Furrows were defigned, even
from the extream point ot the Leaf to the Ground
where it is lalfned to the Root, for no other pun
pole , but to guide that Water which falls far off
unto’the Root, for that without fuch ftore of Water
the whole Plant would wither, and the Heads pine
away and come to nothing ; they are Planted for the
moil part about OSober , or fomewhat fooner, the
Plant mull be fet, and nourifhed with good ftore ot
Afhes, for that kind of Manure is thought to be bell
for the Planting thereof, and every Year the Slips
muff be taken or flipt off from the Root, and are to
be let in April , as aforefaid, which will be fruitful
about Attguft following, as Columella , Pal/adius, and
others, as alfb daily experience teaches.

XV. The Vitalities. They are, viz. the nails or
bottoms of the Scales or Flakes, as alfo the bottoms,
on which Down and Seed ltand , hot and moift ill
the firft degree, Diurecick, Analeptick, and Sperma-
togenetick.

XVL The Specification. Being much eaten, they
are fnid to be fingular in flopping the involuntary
courfe of the Seed in Man or Woman.

XVII. T be Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. An Effcnce , or Blood of the Heads. 1. A
Dccotlion of the Root in Wine , the Pith being firft
taken away. 3. A Pouder of the Seed. 4. The
Sallet.

The Virtues .

XVIII. The EJfence , Sanguis, or Blood. _ It is made,
of the bottoms, as the Blood ol Parfneps-, it is Diure-
tick, nourilhes much, and reftores in Confumptions,
tho’ of the Lungs-, and being taken from two to four.
Drams in Red Wine Morning , Noon, and Night,
it flops the involuntary flux of Seed , commonly
called Gonorrhea fimplex , yet it provokes Lull ex-
treamly, for it ftrengthens the whole Body.

XIX. The DecoSion of the Root in Wine , Being
drank liberally , it takes away the rank fmell of the
Atm Holes , for it lends forth plenty of ftinking
Urine whereby the rank and rammiih favour of not

only the Armpits, but of the whole Body is much
amended.

XX. The Pouder of the Seed. It opens obllruai-
ons of the Llrinary parrs, provokes Urine, and clean-
fes thofe Veffels from Sand, Gravel, fmall Stones,
and other Tartarous Matter, and much amends the
evil fmell of the Body, carrying oft the fcetidnels
by Urine.

XXL The Sal/et. It is manifold, 1. Made of
the Heads, by boiling them foil, after which they
are eaten with melted Butter, Vinegar, Salt, and
Pepper; this being much and often eaten nourilhes
very much, and reftores in deep Confumptions; it
alio very much increafes Seed', and ftirs up Bodily
Lull. 2. The Leaves ot the heads and their bottoms
pickled ; eaten with Meat they are very pleafing and
grateful to the Stomach. 3. The raw Sailer. It is
made of the Ninth Kind , being whitened like En-
dive, and fo ufed as a Winter Sallet, being eaten
raw,’ with Pepper, Salt, Vinegar, and Oil, as you
drels whitened Endive, Sailary, Src.

CHAP. CCCXXXIX.

Of HARTICHOKE Wrld,

0 R,

Wild ARTICHOKE.

I.'T' H E Nantes. It is called in Greek

X Diofcoridis, and is doubtlefs k«Kt©- Tbeo-
phrajli , in Latine Cynara , and Cinara Sylvejiris ,
and Scolymus , in Englifh Wild Artichoke, or Harti -
choke.

WilclJtr/-,

fcAod

II. The Kinds. There are two feveral Kinds, viz.
1. Scolymus Diofcoridis , Cynara Sylvejiris Dobell] ,
(becaufe it fo nearly relembles the Cimira aculeate, r,

Scolymus

Chap. 339. 'Englijh Herbs. 9

Scolymus Sylvejfris , Cynara Sylveftris Lati folia Bau-
hm. The Wild Harcichoke, or Artichoke Thiftle.

2. Cynara Sylveftris Cretica Honorij Belli , Agrio-
anzinari by the Cretians , Agriocinara Cretica Pen#,
in his Italian Baldus , The Candy Wild Harcichoke.
To which Authors add. 2. Scolymus Theophrafti ,
Eryngium lutcum , Car duns Chryfanthemus. The Gold-
en Thiltle.

III. The Defcriptions. TA? firft, or Wild Harti-
choke , has a great Root , which /breads much, and
/ends Jonh Jeveral thick , long, bard , but narrow
Leaves, ending in long points,- very con/ider ably /col-
loped in on the edges, /et with Jlrong great pricks,
and very jharp , which growing on the Stalks encom-
pa/s them at the bottom, and are 0/ a dark green co-
lor-, at the tops of each Stalk and Branch grows one
fcaly and prickly Head , lelfer than thofe of the
Ninth Kind in the former Chapter, which are kept
to be eaten , from the middle of which put forth le-
veral l ight, purplifh, Crimfon Threads, which
compote the Flower , which , after they have flood
fome time, pafs away, the Seed in their Heads be
ing flat, and like other Thiftles.

IV. The /econd, or Candy Wild Hartichoke. It
has a very long Root, which grows deep, which /ends
up long and hoary white Leaves , /ome thing broader
than tbe former, very much indented or cut in on the
edges, and thick armed with long and Jharp prickles ■,
from among which Leaves rife up feveral round
Stalks, fet with but few Leaves, and branched
fometimes into two or three parts , bearing at their
tops fmall, fcaly, Iharp, prickly Heads , which are
eaten by the Peafants of the Country both green and
boiled, with Pepper, Salt, Vinegar, and Oil, and
are as pleafant to them as the bell Hartichoke is to
us.

V. The third , or Golden Thiftle, has a Root which
is long, of the bigne/s of a Finger, very fweet and
plea/ant to eat , like unto Eryngium, or Sea-Holly,
which fends forth feveral skinny and prickly Stalks,
which in fome Countries, as in Spain, Italy, &c.
Jiand upright , but in other Countries, as in France
and England, bends with them unto the Ground, bear-
ing at every Joint both a Branch and a Leaf, which is
long, and fomewhat narrow, fmaller at bottom than
any where elfe, much cut in on the edges, and fet
with fmall white prickles , in fome places marked
with white fpots on the deep green Leaves, but in
other places none at all-, at the Joints, between the
Leaves and the Stalks, and at the tops alfo , come
forth feveral fmall Heads, fmaller than any of the
former, compofed of fmall Scales, with very Iharp
prickles at the ends, out of the middle of which
come forth many Gold yellow Threads, which abide
not long, and are the Flower, in which, when they
are pall, is contained the Seed, being fmall and thin
Scales lying clofe together.

VI. The Places. The firft grows in France, Ger-
many, and Italy, the fecond is natural to Candy, the
third is a native of Spain and Italy , but they all
grow with us here in England in Gardens.

VII. The Times. They all Flower in July and
■Auguft, or in the end of Summer, and their Seed ri-
pens in September, or quickly after.

VIII. The Qualities. They are temperate in re-
lpect to heat or cold, drynefs or moifture, are Ape-
ritive, Abfterfive, and Diuretick.

f a specification. The Wild Hartichoke is
round to be ot Angular ufe to take away the ftinking
or ^ n - rke Armpits.

j ^reParatlons- You may have therefrom,
*• " sjffff or Fjjence. 2. A Deco fl ion in Wine.

3, A Milky Juice. 4. The Flowers. 5. A Sal let.

The ITrtues.

XI. The Juice or Effcnce. It opens the obftru-
cuons of the Reins, Ureters, and Bladder, and is
very Diuretick, thereby expelling much ltrong and
ltinking Urine, and by that means amends the ltrong,
rank, or ltinking fmell of the Armpits, and of the
whole Body. Dole three or four Spoonfuls Morn-
ing, Noon, and Night, in a GUIs of Generous
Wine, or other fit Vehicle.

XII. The Decotfion in Wine. It has the fame
Virtues, but not altogether lo powerful if it is
made in Red Port Wine, it is a lingular good thing
to prevent Abortion, and lo to llrengthen the Womb,
as to caufe a Woman to go out her time.

XIII. The Milky Juice. .Clufus lays , that with
this the People in lbme parts of Spain do coagulate
or curdle their Milk , in order to the making of
Cheefe , but this is to be underftood chiefly of the
Juice of the third Kind.

XIV. The Flowers of the firft Kind. They are
ufed by the Italians, as Pena and Label fay , to cur-
dle Milk, of which they make Cheefe * and that the
faid Flowers, being given to Women with Child, in
their Broth , or Drink , do hinder Abortion , and
caufe them to go out well their whole time ^ they
are alfo very good for fuch Women as are barren,
and to caufe Fruitfulnefs.

XV. The Sal let. The young Shoots of the firft
are eaten like Afparagus , as alfo the young Heads,
(in Spain ) before they flower, but they ufe to raife
the Earth over the young Shoots till they are rifen
a good height, which are then white, and very ten-
der and delicate to be eaten raw with Pepper, Salt,
Vinegar, and Oil, or elfe boiled, as you eat AJpa-
ragus. Theophraftus fays, that his Scolymus, viz. the
Golden Thiftle, is very pleafant eaten raw, or boiled,
but chiefly when in Flower, and that the inner fub-
ftance of the Heads is eaten ^ and with the Flowers
they counterfeit Saffron, as we do with the Baftard
Saffron , or Safflower.

CHAP. CCCXL.

Of HARTICHOKE Jerufalcm,

0 R,

Canada POTATO.

I.' I ' HE Names. It was unknown to the Greeks ,
X but has variety of Names given to it by the
Latine Writers : Pelleterius calls it Heliotropium In-
dicum Tuberofum , Columns in the fecond Part of his
Pkytobafanos calls it F 'los Solis larneftanus , (becaule
growing in the Cardinal’s Garden) alfo AJier Perua-
nus Tuberofus-, Bauhinus in his Prodromic calls it
Cbtyfantbemum Latifo/ium Brafilianum , but in his
Pinax , UeliantbemiM Indie um Tubcrofum ; but our
Parkinfon in his Paradise , as alfo in his Theater of
Plants , calls it Battatas de Canada , which he Eng -
lifhes, Potato’s of Canada ; but our ufuai Englijh
Name is Jerufalem Hartichoke. Bauhinus alfo in
his Pinax calls it Ariftochi fub Terra.

II. The Kinds. It is a Angular Plant of the Kind,
but how it fhould be accounted among the Species
of Hartichoke is difficult to conceive, becaufe it has
no refemblance to any of thele Plants in any of its
parts , but the vulgar feldom give Names to Plants
according to Judgment, and therefore it is not to be

wonder’d

480

Salmon s Herbal Lib. L

Wonder d ac-, all char can he laid for the Name is,
that when it is boiled and dreft, it has a little like--
nels in talte to the bottom of an Hartichoke ; but
why it thould be called Jerufalem , is more to be
admired at, for that it came not out of Afia, or Eu
rope , but Irom America to us, with whom it grows
as well and as naturally and plentifully as ever it
grew in its Original Native Clime.

III. The Delctiption. .T bis admirable Plant hen
at / irj } but one / mall Tuberous Root , which fends up
j'ome times one or more ft iff round Stalks , which grow
in our Country to be eight or ten Eeet high , but
fcarcely blow or fhew their Flowers, whereas the
Head of Flowers in their Native Countries, (as Co-
Jumna lays) being of a Pyramis or Sugar-Loaf fa-
Ihion, fpreading broad below, and growing fmaller
upwards, almolt to a point , is nearly of the lame
length, on which are fet large and broad , rough,
green Leaves, very like unto the Leaves of the Sun-
Flower , but fmaller, and growing in the very fame
manner round about the Stalks-, at the very latter
end of Summer, or beginning of Autumn , if the
Root is well planted and defended, it will give a
Ihew of a few fmall yellow Flowers at the tops, like
to the Flowers of After , or Starmrt , and much
fmaller than any Sun-Flower , which come to no per-
f eft ion with us -, the Root, while the Plant is grow-
ing above Ground, increafes not to its full growth ,
but when the Summer is well fpent, and the fpring-
ing of the Stalks is pall, which is about the end of
Aug uft, or in September , then the Root is perceived
to be increafed in the Earth, and will (before Au-
tumn is fpent) in OQober , fwell like a Mountain or
Hillock round about the feet of the Stalks, and will
not have its Roots fit to be taken up, until the Stalks
be half withered at fooneft, but after they are wi-
thered, and fo all the Winter long, until the Spring
again, they are good and fit to be taken up and ufed,
which are a number of almoft roundifh Tuberous
Roots, growing clofe together, fo that it has been
obferved, that Irom one Root, being fet in the Spring,
there has been forty or more taken up again, and to
have done more than to have filled a Peck Meafure,
which Roots are of a pleafant good tafte, much like
to the bottoms of the Heads of the Common Red
Hartichoke s.

IV. Another Defcription from Gerard. Flos Solis
Pyramidal is parvo Flore , Radice Tuber of a. This
wonderful Plant has growing up from one Root one,
fometimes two, three, or more round, green, rough,
hairy, ftraked Stalks, commonly about twelve Feet
high, fometimes fixteen Feet, or higher, as big as a
Childs Arm, full of a white fpongy Pith within ; the
Leaves grow all along the Stalks , out of order ,
of a light green color, rough, (harp pointed, about
eight Inches broad , and ten or eleven Inches long ,
deeply notched or indented about the edges, very
like the Leaves of Flos Solis Peruanus , but nothing
crumpled , nor fo broad as they * the Stalks divide
themfelves into many long Branches, even from the
Roots to their very tops, bearing fmaller Leaves and
fmaller towards the tops of the Plant , making the
Plant appear like a little Tree, narrower and flen-
derer towards the top, in fafhion of a Steeple or
Pyramid -, the Flowers with us grow only at the
tops ot the Stalks and Branches , like thole of the
laid Flos Solis , but no bigger than Our Common fingle
Marigold , confifting of twelve or thirteen ftraked ,
lharp pointed, bright, yellow, bordering Leaves ,
growing forth of a fcaly, fmall, hairy Head, with a
fmall yellow thrummy fubftance within ; thefe Flow-
ers, by reafon of their late Flowering, which is com-
monly two or three Weeks after Michaelmas , never
with us bring their Seed to perfeftion, and it makes

a fhew of abundance of Imall Heads near the tops ot
the Stalks and Branches, forth of the bofoms of the
Leaves, which never open and Flower in our Clime,
by reafon they are prevented with the Frofts, which
otherwife might poffibly be a noble Sight * the Stalks
fend forth many fmall creeping Roots, by which the
nourilhment is received, which are full of hairy
Threads , even from the upper part of the Earth ,
threading far abroad, among which, from the main
Root, grow forth many Tuberous Roots), cluttering
together, fometimes faftned to the great Root it
felf, fometimes growing on long Strings, a Foot or
more from the main Root, railing or heaving up the
Earth above them , and fometimes appearing above
the Earth, producing from the increafe of one Root
thirty, fourty , or fifty in number, or more, making
in all commonly about a Peck, and many times near
half a Bufhel, if the Soil or Earth be good ; thefe
Tuberous Roots are of a dirty reddifh color without,
and of a foft white fubftance within , bunching out
many ways , fometimes as large as a Mans Fill , or
not fo big, with white protuberances, whence they
will fprout out or grow up again the next Year;
the Stalks are bowed down , and fometimes fome
part of them covered over with Earth, and fend
forth fmall creeping thready Roots, and alfo Tuber-
ous Roots , like the former , as by experience has
been found; thefe Tuberous Roots will abide and
live in the Earth all Winter, tho’ the Stalks and
Roots by which they were nourifhed do abfolutely
rot and perifh away , and will begin to fpring up a-
gain at the beginning of May following , feldom
fooner.

V. The Places. It is a' native of Brazil , Canada ,
and Peru , and feveral other parts of America , and
now it grows as plentifully with us in England as in
any of the places where it grew naturally ; Mr. Good-
yer fays that he received two fmall Roots of this
Plant from one Franquevill of London , no bigger than
Hens Egs, the one he gave to a Friend, and the other
he Planted , and it brought him forth a Peck of
Roots, wherewith he ftored Hampjhire -, and now it
grows in great plenty in many other parts of this
Kingdom.

VI. The Times. It Flowers generally in Ottober ,
but Seeds not with us, and its Roots are in perfefti-
on all the Winter Months.

VII. The Qualities, Specification , Preparation ,
Virtues and Ufes , are the fame with thole of Ham-
chokes in Chap. 338. aforegoing, fave, that whereas
in thefe the Heads of the Hartichoke were only ufed
and eaten, in thefe the Tuberous Roots only are
taken.

VIII. Note. They are boiled in Water till they
are tender, after which they are peeled , lliced, and
Stewed with Butter, Salt, Pepper, and a little Red
Port Wine , by which means they become an Excel-
lent Difh, and more pleafant than the bottom of an
Hartichoke ; being now very plentiful and cheap, they
may become good Food for Poor People, and keep
Thoufands from Starving , which might otherwile
perifh.

HARTSHORN, See BUCKSHORN,
Chap. pi. aforegoing.

CHAP.

Chap. ’-(.I. T'.tinlUb “Herbs.

«8<

CHAP. CCCXLI.

Of H ART S--T ONGUE True,

O R,

DEER S-T ONGUE.

H E Names. It is called in Greek

X Phyllitis quafi foliofa , in Latine alfo Phylli-
tis, and Lingua Cervina , in Englijb Deers-Tongue ,
and Harts-Tongue , I fuppofe from the form of the
Leaf

II. Kinds. It is either, 1. Phyllitis vera ,

of which in this Chapter, or 2. Phyllitis Notha , Zfo-
yta/vZ Harts-Tongue , of which in the next. The
Phyllitis vera , or Harts-Tongue , is alfo three-

fold, ws. 1 . Phyllitis , five Lingua Cervina vulga-
ris, Our Common or Ordinary Harts-Tongue. a.
Phyllitis laciniat a Jagged Harts-Tongue, or Finger
Harts-Tongue. 3. Phyllitis rdmofa Alpini , Branch-
ed Harts-Tongue of Alpinus , which he has notified
in Exoticis.

III. The Delcriptions. Tfo firft , Common
True Harts-Tongue. It has a Root which is a bund)
of many black Fibres dr Threads , folded or interlaced
together , which fends up fever al Leaves , ruary cw

up fingly from the fame Root, which, as
other Ferns, fold them], 'elves in their firft fpnnging
and fpreading -, thefe Leaves when they are full

frown are about a Foot long, fmooth and green a-
ove, but hard, or with little Sap in them, and flu-
ked on the back athwart on both fides of the middle
Rib with fmall and fomewhat brownifh marks * the
bottoms of the Leaves are a little bowed on each
fide of the middle Rib, fomewhat narrow With the1
length , and fomething fmall at the end. Some do
make two forts hereof, and diltinguifh them by the
Epithets of Latifolia and Anguftifolia.

Fuiaer k Harts tonJUe

IV. The Jccond , or 'Jagged harts-Tongu'e, d /fieri
nothing from the former neither in Root, Left, mr
manner of growing , but only in the divifion <f the
tops of the Leaves , which in this are diver fly tern or
jagged , Lome Leaves much and Lome little, accord-
ing to the place of growing and time of abiding-:
Now it is to be obferved,; that neither of thefe. Plants
have either Stalk,. Flower, or Seed.

V. The third , or Branched Harts-Tongue. It bar
a Root which is fomething woody, with black Fibres
thereat , jhooting forth many fender broad Stalks ft
Leaves , of two ortbree Feet long , a little Downy at
bottom, divided into many long and narrow Leaves*
dented about the edges, and fet one again!! another,
with an odd one at the end, each refemblmg the
Head of a Javelin, marked thick with flraigh’t Line;
on both fides unto the middle Rib} the whole Plane
is withoat fmell, but of an aultere talte, containing
fome heat, which is not prefently felt, but continues
long.

VI. The Places. The firft, or Common Harts-
Tongue, grows by the way fides in great plenty as
you go from London to Exeter x in Ihadowv placed,
and in moift itony Vallies and Wells, and'is much
planted in Gardens-, the fecond grew in the Garden
formerly one Cranwidfs , a Chirurgian , living, at
Much Dunmow in Ejfcx -, the third is purely a Lun-
ger with us.

VII. The Times. They are green all the Year
long, but lefs green in Winter, and in- Spring and
Summer they fometim.es bring forth new Leaves.

VIII. The Qualities. They are drying and bind-
ing in the firh degree, Aperitive, Aftringenr, Hepa-
tick, Splenerick, and Al’exipharmick.

IX. The Specification. They eafe the Spleen *
hop Fluxes of the Bowels, and Bloody Fluxes, and
wonderfully ftrengthen the Vifcera.

The Virtues.

X. TJ)e Preparations. You Jhay have therefrom-
I. A Deco fl ion in Wine or Water. 2. An Acid Tin-
Sure. 3. A Spirituous Tin'll lire . 4. A V filled
Water.

XI. The Decotfion in Wine or Water. It opens
obftru£tions of Liver and Spleen , taking away alio
the pain and hardnefs of the Spleen, and it js a lin-
gular good thing again!! the Rickets in Children,
and the Cachexia in Virgins and Young W'otnen; it
hops all forts of Fluxes of the Belly, mofe dpeci-
ally the Bloody Flux, {Lengthens the Stomach, and
reftores the Tone of the Bowels, being depraved or
hurt} made in Water it abates the heat of the Li-
ver and Stomach, dnd’is good agaiult the falling of
the Pallate. Dole four or fix Ounces.

XII. The Acid Tintfure. It more powerfully
opens obftruftions of Stomach , Liver and Spleen
than the fotmer, arid therefore is a lingular -chi ng td
cure the Cachexia and Green-Sicknefs in" Virgins*
and being continued to be given to Children troubled
with the Rickets , it perfectly cubes them } give it
to them in all that they drink, fo many, drops at a
time may make their Drink be gratefully pleafant -
it opens the, obftrudlions of the Lung‘d and Stomach
in little Ones, and makes them breath freely} it is
good again!! the bleeding of the Gums, and a lingu-
lar thing againft the Bitings of Serpents, Or other
Venomous Bealls.

XIII. The Spirituous Tincfure. It {Lengthens
the Stomach, Liver, and Spleen, and more power?
fully flops Fluxes of the Belly , .and* in efpecial
Bloody. Fluxes, than the Decoflion in Wine, or any
other Preparation of the Herb-, it is good to refill
the force of Poyfon, and reftores the Tone of the:
Bowels being hurt, {Lengthening them to admirati-
on. Dofe from one Dram to three Drams, i;i any

Q. q q propef

Salmons Herbal.

Lib. I,

proper Vehicle, Morning, Noon, and Night, for
feme time.

XI V. T he DiftiMed Water. Taken with fome of
the Spirituous Tin&ure it is good againft Paintings,
Swoonings, and other Pafhons of the Heart •, and fo
mixed it Hops the bleeding ol the Gums, and fattens
the Teeth if Ioofe.

CHAP. CCCXLII.

C/HART S^-T ONGUE Baftard,

0 R,

MULE S-F E R N.

H E Names, it is called in Greek *H piowV,
J, x)s TThMiov, in Latine Hemionitis , and Sple-
nium , the former quaji Mularia , the latter Splenium ,
ex Splen , a Splenis figure -, in Englijh it is called Ba-
jhird Harts-Tongue , Mule s-f 'em , and Moon-hern.

II. The Kinds. It is threefold, viz. i. Hemioni-
tis major , Hemionitis vulgaris Bauhini , Hemionitis
veraClufij , The Common, True, or Greater Ba-
ltard Harts-Tongue. 2. Hemionitis minor Peme, feu
altera , Hemionitis fterilis Lobelij , The letter, or
barren Harts-Tongue. 3. Hemionitis peregrina Clu-
ff Lobelij , Dodoma, Strange Baftard Harts-Tongue.

HI. The Defcriptions. Tfe<? firft , ar Common
Baftard Harts-Tongue, in its Roots, Leaves, and
manner of growing, does very much refemble the for-
mer firft , 0/’ True Harts-Tongue, both in form and
color, but that the Leaf is fomewhat broader or lar-
ger, and that the Leaves, being broadeft below, have
a large hollow bowing, like unto an Half Moon, on
each fide of the middle Rib, and the ftrakea on the
backs of them are more Hoping-
IV. The fecond, letter, or Barren Baftard Harts-

Tongue, has a fmall thready Root like the jormer ,
quickly lathering its Leaves exceed not the breadth
of three Fingers, not hard, nor rough, but fmooth
and gentle, and without any marks on the back fides
of them, yet with a hollow roundnefs at the bottom
of them, as in the former, and befides fomewhat
unevenly -dented about the edges: Clufius fays, that
Lobel having fent him fome Plants of this Species ,
after that he had kept them in a Pot , becaufe of
their tendernefs, in two Years time they changed
their form into the* fagged Hartjhorn, at which he
much wonder’d, for afterwards , (as he fays) when
he came into England, he gathered with his' own
Hands in the fame place the like Plants, which there
held the form of Hemionitis , or Baftard Harts-
Tongue.

V. The third, or Strange Baftard Harts-Tongue,
differs in nothing from, the firft of thefe, three kinds,
but in the bottoms of the Leaves , which have a linall
Ear, or piece of Leaf, fet on each fide of the arched
or hollowed bottoms.

VI. The Places. Thefe all grow upon .Ihadowy
Rocks, and moift hollow places , where little heat
of the Sun comes, and are green all the Year, as is
the True Harts-Tongue in the former Chapter : The
fecond of thefe Lobel fays he found on St. Vincent’s
Rock, not far from Briftol, in a hollow Cave or
Hole.

- VII. The Times. They, are in their perfection in
the advance of the Spring, but keep their greenneis
all the Year long.

VIII. Their Qualities, Specification , Preparations
and Virtues , are the lame with the True Harts-
Tongue in the former Chapter % they are fpecially
good againft Difeafes of the Spleen, and may be
ufed inltead of the tru e Lingua /Cjervina to all Inten-
tions and Purpofes-

•

CHAP. CCCXLIII.

Of H A R TWO R T.

I. '■ 1A H E Natires. It is called in Greek sics*/, in
A Latine Sefeli , and of fome Sile, and in Eng-
lijh Hartmrt.

II. The Kinds. Authors make many Kinds here-
of, but the following fourteen are chief, viz. r. Se-
feli verum, quod Diofcoridis cenfetur, Sefeli Majfi-
lienfe folio f'ceniculo Lobelij & Clufij, The True Sefe-
li or Hartwort of ;Diofcorides. 2. Sefeli Crcticum ,
Sefeli MaJJilienfe Lobelij Peruke aut Dauci Cretici
facie, Sefeli Majfilknfe Mat thiol i , Sefeli Majfilienfe
nonnullorum Camcrarij, Candy Hartwort, or another
Hartwort of. Marfelles. 3. Sefeli Majfilienje P ra-
te nfe , Sefeli Pratenfe Monfpelienfium, Hippomara-
thrum Tabemamontani, Meadow Hartwort of Mar-
lelles or Mompetifer. This Gefnerm Horto thinks
to be LiguJhoUin Matthioli. Dodon-xus calls it Si let-
alt erum Pratenfi, and Bauhinus -xlpms it to be Silaus
Plinij, in Lib. -26. Cap. 8. and %s it is Paftinaca
nigra Cordi, but th#t ofCordus.lw^ divided Leaves,
like Wild Carrots, and has yellow Flowers, whereas
this is more like fennel, and . has white Flowers.
4. Sefeli Peloponejiacum recentiorum , Sefeli Pelopo-
nefe verum, Sefeli- Peloponefe fpho Cicutx Diofcon-
dis, -as Lobel fay^/The Comm pn- or True Hartwort
of Peloponefus of Diofcoriais. 5: Sefeli Pratenfe
tenuifolium Bauhini, five Daucoides Pratenfis tenm-
fo/ius4 which is the true Paftmaca nigra Cordi, Nar-
row

Chap. ^43* ‘Eflglijb Herbs,

ro'.v Leav'd Meadow Hartwort of Germany. 6. Sc-
fcli Paluftre Latfefcens Camerarij Cj Bauhini , Milky
Marfh Harcworc. 7. Sefeli Crcticum majus Lobclij
& Lugdunenfis , 07* Camerarij , Tordylion Lobclij ,
Pimpinelfd Romance alterjim genus Sylveflre Cdfalpi-
ni , The Greater Candy Harcworc. 8. 6V/W/ Cmi-
cum minus , Ordilion Nicandri , Tordylion Diofcori-
dis , as Angularia lays, Tordylion and Gor dilion Do-
donrii , Gefneri , aliorum , Caucalis Cretica ,

Grtecorum Belli , Pimpinella Romana , Cafcalitra Bel-
lonij , The imall Candy Hartwort. _ 9. 5F/t7/' G ■<?//-
cum majus luteum , Tordylion majus alterum luteum
Column £, Great yellow Hartwort of Candy, ic.
Sefeli Apulum Crcticum minimum , Tor dy Hum mini-
mum Apulum alterum Column <e, The fmalleft Candy
Hartwort. 11. Sefeli* Montanum Polio Cicutx gla->
brum , «SV/£/i primum Montanum Clujij , Mountain
Hartwort with fmooth Hemlock like Leaves. This
Baubinus thought to be Levijlicum alterum Lobclij
£? Lugdunenjis , and Ligujlicum fecundum Herbario-
rum Tabe momentarily alio the Sefeli Peloponetiacum
Diofcoridis . 12. SV/f/i Montanum Polio Cicuta fub

hirfutum , Hairy Mountain Hemlock Leav’d Hart-
wort. 13. JElbiopicum frutexy Sefeli TElbio-

picum verum Diofcoridisy as lays, Shrub Ethi-
opian Hartwort. 14. Sefeli cretenfe nodofumy Great
jointed Hartwort of Candy,

III. The Defcriptions. T be True Hart-

wort of Diofcorides, to wry wto, /<?/£, flender
Rooty like unto Fennel, but fmelling better , and tabl-
ing hotter and Jharper , a few Fibres 'adjoining

thereto -y from whence rife one or more Stalks, ha-
ving but few Leaves, thinly fet thereon , which are '
thicker and Ihorter and harder than Ftor;/ Leaves, '
turning downwards , of a greyifh Afh color , as all
the relt of the Plant is, more efpecially in the hot-
ter Countries , for in fome places they are thicker ,
or longer, or Ihorter than they are in others, as Bau-
binus has obferved. the middle Saalk feldom rifes
up above a Foot high, bowing to and fro fometimes,
having many Branches from its bottom, with the i
like Leaves on them , and each bearing Umbles of
white Flowers, but fometimes purplilh, though fel-
dom-, after the Flowers are gone, fipall long Seed
follows, more like to Anifeed than Pennel Seed, pret-
ty plealing in tafte, yet (harp and hot.

IV. The fecondy or Candy Hartwort, being another
Hartwort of Marfelles. It bar a thick , long , and
white Rooty with fever a l Strings and Pibres adjoining
thereto from whence rife up feveral Stalks, the mid-
dlemolt of which is about a Yard or more high, of a

Fingers thickneis, crefted, jointed, and lprcad fprth
into feveral Branches, and other fmaller parts-, the
Leaves are Pennel like, but thicker, and Ihorter di-
vided, green, and hard, with white points-, its wing-
ed Stalks or Branches are large, and more fpread
our than Pennel y at the top of each Stalk and Branch
is an Umble of white Flowers, which turn into fiat
Seed, not much unlike to Angelica Seed, but larger
than Dill Seed, hot, and very Aroma deal.

Salmon’ s ‘Herbal . Lib. 1.

V. I he third, or Meadow Hartwort , hat a Root
whuh n block without and white within, divided in-
t0 freer, tl hr, inches, with Fibres adjoining to them-,
t'torn this Root rile feveral Stalks of Leaves, as alio
01, e main Stalk, two or three Feet high, with feve-
r al large fpread Stalks oh winged Leaves, very finely
cut into many parts, each being like unto Fennel,
hut larger, harder, and oh a dark green color, let at
the Joints, and branching forth towards the tops,
bearing Umbles oh white Flowers, which being path,
linall long, and ibmewhat fiat Seed comes in their
place' which is larger and blacker than Fennel Seed
and near unto Meant, or Spignel, oh little fmell, and
a fmall (harp tafte.

VI. The feurth, or Common or True Hartwort of
Pcloponefus of Diofcorides. This Grscian Hartwort
has a great Root, blackifh on the outfide, and white
within, growing deep into the Ground, like Ferula ,
or Thapfia , fomething fweet in fmell , and hot in
tafte ; the Stalk grows to be about two Feet high,
or more, as thick as ones Finger, with feveral large
fpread Leaves at rite bottom, as great as Hemlock ,
but crumpled , rough , and hairy ; the Stalk and
Branches bear large Tufts or Umbles of yellow Flow-
ers, which being pall away yield broad, flat, wing-
ed Seed, of* pale yellow color, fomewhat like unto
Angelica, but greater, and nothing fo thick, of a
very lweet fmell, as fweet as the Sefe/i JEtbiopicum ;
this, lays Label, the moft Learned and Judicious
Herbarifis of Montpelier acknowledge to be the true
Sefe/i Pc/oponefe Diofcoridis, though formerly they
took it to be a kind of Thapfia, but the true Thapfia
is much differing from it both in form and color, as
thole who pleaie to obferve may find.

VII. The fifth, Or Narrow Leav’d Meadow Hart-
wort of Germany, has a Root as thick or ones Finger,
and very long , black without, and white within, of a
Jharp and fomewhat bitter tajie-, from this Root
fprings up a round, cretted, or firaked Stalk, three
Feet or more high, with feveral Joints and Leaves
at them, very like for their. form and divifions unto
Wild Carrot Leaves, butfmooth, and notrough,
and of a deep green color, fpreading it felf forth in-

to feveral Branches, bearing at their tops Umbles of
whitifh yellow Flowers, after which follow fma.Il
long Seed, fomewhat like to thofe of Fennel or Ca-
raway, or between them both, and a little Aromati-
cal in tafte.

VIII. The ftxth , or Milky Marlh Hartwort. It
has a long Root, which is brown on the outfide, white
within, and of an unpleafant tafte, joined with much
heat, by which it inflames the Throat-, but being
Planted in a Garden it loofes much of that evil tafte
and burning quality , becoming much more mild ;
this Root fends up a Stem or Stalk four or five Feet
high, with Joints, and long Stalks, or Branches or
well fpread Leaves fet at them , the divifions of
which are fmall, and much cut in, almoft like to
thofe of Conaways, or between them and Fennel-, at
the top of the Stalks it fpreads forth into Branches,
which bears at their tops fmall Umbles of white
Flowers, which being paft away, flat, thin, winged
Seed follows; the whole Plant, or any part thereof
being broken, there flows Horn it a certain Milk like
Juice, as there likewife.does from many other Um-
belliferous Plants.

IX. The feventh, or Greater Candy Hartwort. It

has a Root which is white, fomewhat long, and woody
after it has Seeded, and then perijhes , rifling again
plentifully from the Sowing of its own Seed : This
Root fends forth rough, hairy, round Stalks, about
two or three Feet high , fet with long Stalks of
winged Leaves, much refembling Parfnep Leaves ,
both in form and magnitude, yet fomewhat longer
and narrower, dented about the edges, and pointed
at the ends, being rough and hairy likewife, and turn-
ing themfelves a little backwards to the Stalk ; to-
wards the tops of the Stalks they fpread themfelves
forth into Branches, and have fmaller Leaves fet at
the Joints than grow below, bearing Heads or Um-
bles of purplifh white Flowers, whereon, after they
are gone, grow whitifh, flat, round Seed, circled
about, as it were, with a border , and cut in round
about it alfo with round dents, of little or no fmell
or tafte. p

X. The eighth, or Small Candy Hartwort. It
has a Root which is unprofitable, and as perijhing as
the laji , which fends up fuch like Stalks of winged
Leaves as the former, but fmaller, rounder, and
fhorter, a little hairy, and whitifh ; the Stalks am
leffer and lower, fuller of Branches, bearing paler
purplilh Flowers in Umbles, and Seed after them,
of the fame form or lhape , but quicker , as the
Herb alfo is, and therefore the more accepted, and
ufed as a Sallet Herb in Italy, and other Southern
and hot Climates.

XI. The ninth, or Great yellow Candy Hartwort.
This has a like Root, and grows very like the feventh,
or Greater Candy Hartwort, having the like Leaves
on the Stalks, but fomewhat broader and fhorter, a
little (harp in tafte, and not above two or three pairs
together, fet on the like Stalks , but fmaller on the
Branches, and bearing Umbles of yellow Flowers,
like Dill, without any Leaves under them , as the
others have, which being paft away the like whitifh,
flat, round, Buckler like Seeds , ringed and dented
about the edges follow, but they are larger and
fmoother, and divided in the middle, with a brown-
ifh ftroke or line, making the Seed feem like unto
a kind of Thlapfi, or Treacle MuftardSeed: Cola le-
nd fays that this Flowers and Seeds at Naples hi
May, and grows only in Gardens there.

XII. The tenth , or Smalleft Candy Hartwort. It
has a Root which is fmall, white , hard, and a lilt a.
hot in tafte-, this Plant is very like unto the Lefter
Candy aforegoing at Seth X. above, but it has Leaves
like to the lower Leaves of Coriander, foft, but a
little hairy, the firft Leaves being of an Inch and

hair

Chap. 343.

‘Englijh Herbs .

lulf long, and an Inch broad, and dented about the
elges with round dents-, the fecond Leaf is of two
Inches long, the rffird has a longer Stalk, with two
Leaves fet thereon, fmaller and. rounder than the
other, abouc half an Inch broad, and a bigger Leaf
ac the end , yet- fmaller and longer than the firft
Leaf ; the next are leffer and longer, and the Stalk
is naked of Leaves below, being fmall, hairy, hard,
and linked , and carrying thick Umbles of white
Flowers, with yellow Threads in the middle, and
underlet with long hairy Leaves, the outward Flow-
ers being larger than the inner , thereby making the
Umble refemble that of the Wild Carrot ; after which
come Inch like Seed as the former, but not half fo
large, the middle part being of a darker color ; be-
fore they are ripe they look of a purplifh green, but
when they are full ripe white, of an aromatick tafte,
fomewhat bitter, and a little fweet in fmell.

XIII. The eleventh , or Mountain Hartwort with
fmooth Hemlock like Leaves. It hat a long Root ,
divided into two or three Arms or Branches , of a
bromnifh black on the outfide , and white within, from
whence fprings up a Stalk, which is hollow , and
rifes up to die height of two Feet, or two Feet and
a half, from which Stalk comes forth (at Joints)
large fpread Leaves, divided into many fmaller parts,
like unto Hemlock, or Sefeli Beloponefe, the higher
up the Stalk the fmaller and longer the Leaves, which
are fmooth, and more finely divided ; at the top of
the Stalk comes forth larger Umbles of white Flow-
ers , which turn into yellowifh crelled Seed , two
joined together, of a hot and aromatick tafte.

XIV. T he twelfth , or Mountain Hartwort with
hairy Hemlock Leaves. It hat a long , thick, dark
colored Root , which fends forth broad Hemlock like
leaves, or like to the Greater fweet Chervil, of a
•dark green color , and fomething rough and hairy ,
efpecially the footftalks of the Leaves, from the
midft of which rifes up a thick, hollow, crefted,
hairy, and jointed Stalks, about two Feet high, di-
vided into Several Branches, with fome fevv Leaves
thereon , but much, leffer , and in like manner divi-
ded ; near the top of the Stalk it (hoots it felf forth
into many Arms or Branches , at the tops of every
one of which grows a pretty large Umble of white
Flowers , fucceeded by long (harp pointed Seed,
two joined together.

XV. The thirteenth, or Shrub ^Ethiopian Hart-
wort. It hat a Root which is great and woody,
Jp reading it felf out into feveral Arms or Branches,
with feveral fibres iffuing therefrom, and which a-
bides many Tears, if it is defended from the cold-,
from this Root (hoot forth feveral woody rough
Stems , covered with a blackifh Bark , divided into
many Branches, two, three, or four Feet, or more
long, befet with many fair, large, thick, hard,
fmooth, pale green Leaves , being long, and fome-
what like unto Woodbind Leaves , but not fo broad,
fmooth or even on the edges, and not fnipt or dent-
ed at all ; on the tops of the Branches ftand fmall
Tufts of yellow Flowers, which afterwards bear
brownifh, round, and long Seed, bigger than Sweet
fennel Seed -, the whole Plant fmells very fragrant,
and the Seed belt, being of an Aromatick tafte, fome-
what bitter, and (harp withal : This is commended
by Dicfcortdes to be the belt of all the Hartworts,
beyond that of Candy or Marfelles.

XVI. The fourteenth, or Great Jointed Hartwort
of Candy. It has a Root which is compofed of feve-
ral (lender, long, white, woody Strings, which perifh-
es f early , which Root fends up four or five hard ,
round, rough , or rather prickly Stalks , about two
Feet high, whofe Joints are great, and bunched out
like Knees, with a tough, large, winged Leaf or
two at each of them, fome cpnutting of three , and

fome of five pares, and every one of them alio divi-
ded into feveral parts, of a fid green color, changing
reddifh at Seed time; the Stalk is rough and crelted,
and the feveral Branches hereof do carry feveral
fmall Tufts or Umbles of white Flowers, which be-
ing paft away , there comes in rheir places great,
long, round, and rough Seed.

XVII. The Biases. Molt of thefe SefelTs or
Hartworts grow about Mompeher , Marfelles,. mi
\N or bone in Trance , as alfo in Italy and Candy, fome
in the Mot-ea in Greece, and lome in JEthiopia, and
fome of them in Germany , and almott all of them
grow with us in England , where they thrive well ,
but are with us niitfed up only in Gardens.

XVIII. The Times. They Flower molt of them
in June and July in their native places, but with us
in July and Auguft , and do bear ripe Seed in Sep-
tember, or before the end of Summer, if care be had
in ordering and keeping them, fo as they be Planted
in the warmeft places, and in a Southern Sun.

XIX. The Qualities. They are all of them hot
and dry in the fecond degree, Aperitive, Abfteifive,
Carminative, and Diuretick , Stomatick, Pectoral ,.
Nephritick, Neurotick, and Hyfterick, Antiemetick,
and Alexipharmick.

XX. The Specification. Hartwort opens Obftru-
fliens of the Lungs and Urinary parts, helps Coughs,
and the Strangury, Afthma’s, Colick, . obftrufdiou of
the Terms, and Hyfterick Fits , and facilitates the
Delivery of Women in Travail.

XXL The Preparations. Of all thefe Kinds the
four firft are chiefly ufed in Phyfick, (thof it is pofii-
ble all the reft may have as excellent Virtues, and be
fully as efficacious) but the JEthtopian is preferred
for its Angular Virtues beyond all the other forts ,
and is doubtlefs that which ought to be put into the
Compofitions of Mithridate and Venice Treacle ; and
this iuic/.gathered in great plenty about Montpelier
in Trance : As to the parts of the Plant, the Roots,
the Herb, and the Seed, are all ufed, and from them
the following Preparations are made, viz. 1. A
Juice of the Herb. 2. An Ejjence of the Herb an l
Root. 3. A DecoBion in Wine or Water of the Herb,
Root, and Seed. 4. A Bonder of the Seed. 5. A
Cataplafm of Root, Herb , or Seed. 6. An Acid
Tinaure of Root or Seed. 7. A Spirituous TinUure
of Root or Seed. 8. An Oily 'lin'd ure of Root or
Seed. 9. A Difii/led Water from Root , Herb, or
Seed, or from all of them.

The Virtues.

XXII. The Juice of the Herb. It is commended
by Diofcorides to help the Strangury, and difficulty
of breathing , as alfo the Suffocation of the Womb,
to provoke the Terms, and expel the dead Child;
it is prevalent alfo againft the Falling-Sicknefs, and
pains of the Kidnies. Dofe three or tour Spoonfuls,
twice or thrice a day, mixed with a Glafs of White
Port Wine; mixed with Honey and taken, it is good
againft Coughs, Colds 3i Wheezings, and Obftrufli-
ons of the Lungs.

XXIII. The EJfence. It has all the former Vir-
tues, being given in like manner and Dofe, befides
which it facilitates the Delivery of Women in Tra-
vail ; the Effence or Juice taken with the Pouder of
the Seed for ten days together in White Wine, gives
eafe in the pains of the Reins, and is faid ro expel
the Stone lodged in thofe parts ; if the Stone is great
I am confident it can do nothing at all, but it it is
Tartarous Matter, Sand, Gravel, or lmall Stones,
then poffibly it may expel them, and clear the parts
of thofe Recrements : The Eflence made of the Rout
is powerful in heating , and opening Obftruftions ,

48 6

Salmon’ s Herbal.

Lib. I.

$

by reafon of its thin parts, for which realon it pow-
erfully provokes Urine, and helps the Epileplie, and
this Galen fpeaks of all the Harlworts rn general-,
and Diofcorides fays they have the fame Faculties
■and Operations'. , •

XXIV. The DecoSion of Root, Herb, or Seed in
Wine or Water. It lias the Virtues of both the for-
mer Preparations, but in a much lower degree, how-
ever it is often given againft the Strangury , Hop-

age of Courfes, and to facilitate the Delivery of

XXV. The Fouler of the Seed. It is Paid to pre-
vail againft the Stone, Gravel, Strangury, Colick,
obftrutlions of the Vtfcera, Ge Made into an Ele-
Uuary with Honey, it is good* againft Althmas,
Coughs Colds , obftrutlions of Flegtn, and caufes
eafie txpeftoration. Dofe of the Ponder is one
Dram, Morning, Noon, and Night in any proper
Vehicle, as White Wine, Farjly Water, Arfmart
■yyaler c.

XXVI The Cataplafm of the Root. If it is beaten
into a Pulp , or boiled foit, and then beaten , and
brought into a confiftence with Terra Stoma , or to
two parts of the Root, one part of Terra Same,
and an eighth part of Honey, being then applied, it
is of good ufe to difeufs fimple Contufions, or Brru-
fes and to take away the black and blew marks or
ipots of the fame, coming by Blows, Pinching, or

otherwife. . „ „ , „ _ , T ■

XXVII. The Acid TtnBure of Root or Seed. It is
good againft all forts of malign and burning Fevers,
the Small Pox, Spotted Fever, Calenture, and the
Plague or Peftilence it felf; it is alfo prevalent a-
gaintt the Bitings of Serpents, or Mad Dogs, or the
Stinging of Scorpions, Hornets, or other Venomous
Creatures; it cleanfc powerfully the Urinary pafla-
ges is good againft Stone and Strangury , as alio
fhortnefs of Breath, difficulty of breathing, Hoarfe-
nefs Wheezing , and the like. Dofe twenty, thir-
ty or forty drops at a time, (more or lefs, according
to the quantity of the Vehicle) in Ale , Wine , or
other Liquor, three or four times a day.

XXVIII. The Spirituous TinBure. It powerful-
ly provokes the Terms, refills Vapors, and gives
eafe in the Colick , and is good againft the Poyfon
of any Venomous Creature-, it is good againft the
Epileplie , and other Difeafes of the Nerves Head,
and Brain, proceeding from cold and moitture ; it
Itrengthens the Stomach, caufes a good Appetite and
a ftrong Digeftion, cleanfes and llrengthens the
Womb, and caufes Conception. Dole from one
Dram to three. Morning and Night, in Ale, Beer,
or Wine, or in any other fit Vehicle, as Decottion,
Diftilled Water, Hoc. .

XXIX. The Oily TinBure. It is good againft
weaknefs of the Nerves, Palfies, numbednefs of any
pan. Pains or Aches, whether external or internal,
proceeding from cold and moifture , or any over
draining of the part; it facilitates the Birth, and cau-
fes a fpeedy and fafe Delivery ; it gives eafe in the
Gout, alleviating the pain in a lhort time j it caufes
an evacuation of Sand, Gravel, and Tartarous Mat-
ter from the Reins , and other Urinary parts , and
prevents the breeding of the Stone , it aifo gives eafe
in the Colick. Dofe fiom twelve to thirty drops in
any fit Vehicle, or in the Diftilled Water of the
fame Plant ; it allays itching in any place, by allay-
ing the ferment of the Humors.

XXX. The Diftilled Water. It is good for all
Diftempers abovenamed , but is much weaker , and
is therefore ufed as a Vehicle; outwardly applied
to the Skin, it takes away its difcolorings , as yel-
lownefs, Tanning, Sunburning, black and blew fpots,
rednefs from Pimples, Go.

CHAP. CCCXLIV.

Of H A W K W E E D Common.

THE Names. It is called in Grech

ab Accipiter , An Hawk, (ftc. diBum

volunt quod Accipitres Jibi bujtts fttcco aciem Oculo-
rum acuere dicuntur) in Latitte Hieracium , and by
fome Authors Accipitrina, in Englijh Hawkweed.

II. The Kinds. Authors make a vaft number of
the Kinds of this Plant, many of which grow not
with us in England ; Farkinfon divides fo many as
he Treats of intoVme general Heads , making them
in all Fifty Five feveral Species, viz. 1 . Sharp point-
ed Dandelion like Hawkweeds , Seven Kinds. 2. Blunt
pointed Dandelion like Hawkweeds , Ten Kinds. 3.
.Gum Succory like Hawkweeds, Four Kinds. 4. Gar-
den Succory like Hawkweeds, Three Kinds, 5. Wild
Succory like Hawkweeds, Four Kinds. 6. Smooth
■ Mountain Hawkweeds, Five Kinds. 7 . Hairy Moun-
tain Hawkweeds, Thirteen Kinds. 8. Meadow
Htmkweids, Three Kinds. 9. Bujhy Hawkweeds,
Six Kinds. We (hall not follow this Divifion, nor
yet Treat of all thofe feveral Species, but only of
fo many as are to be found growing in England, and
therefore we divide them but into two principal
Kinds, viz. 1 . Of the more common Kinds of Hawk-
week, of which in this Chapter. 2. Of the lefs com-
mon Kinds, of which in Chapter 245 following.

III. The more common Kinds. Thefe are in num-
ber Eleven, viz. 1 . Hieracium majus Sonchitcs , Hie -
.racium majus Matthio/i , Fucbfij, Dodonxt, Lobe/ij,
Df aliorum ; Taraxacon maftts Loniceri, Intitbits Je-
cundlts Tragi, Hieracium Sonchi Folio variorum, Hic-
| racium minus Lugdunenlis , (becaufe he makes the
Chondrilla prior Diofcoridis to be his Hieracium
magnum ) Common Great Hawkweed with Sow-1 hi-
ftle Leaves. 2. Hieracium Dent is Leonis f olio aj-
perum , and hi/fute afperum, and magls laciniatunt
Lobe/ij, Hieracium 'alter um Saxati/e Montanum Co-
lumns, Rough Dandelion like Hawkweed. 3. Hie-
racium . Dentis Leonis folio obtufo minus Flore magno ,
Dandelion like Hawkweed. 4. Hieracium Dentis
Leonis folio Flonbus parvis , Dandelion Hawkweed
with Email Flowers. 5. Hieracium afperum Hypo-
chxris , five Forcellia diBum Tabernamontam, Hie-
racium minus Dentis Leonis folio fub afpero , Swines
Hawkweed with rough Leaves. 6. Hieracium Fc/ijs,
& facia Chondritis Lobe/ij, Gum Succory like Hawk-
weed of Lobel. 7. Hieracium Chondritis folio gla-
brum , Smooth deep jagged Hawkweed. 8. Hiera-
cium minus Radice prxmorfi Lobelij, Hieracium mi-
nus Matthio/i, Tragi, Fucbfij, Gefneri, Tabernamon -
1 uni, Gerardi , & aliorum, Hieracium. Leporinum,
Succifa Tertia Tfagi, if LaUiica Leporine, Tier is
Dalechampijs If Lugdunenfs ■ (becaufe of its bitter-
nefsj Hieracium fbondrillx folio Radice Succifa. Bau-
hini. Hares Hawkweed, or Yellow Devils-bit. 9.
Hieracium fmuatum prof unde Fratenfe , Meadow
Hawkweed with deep cut Leaves. 10. Hieracium
Fratenfe non Jinuatum majus. Greater undented Mea-
dow Hawkweed. 1 r. Hieracium Fratenfe non fi-
nuatum minus. The lefler undented Meadow Hawk-
l weed. This being faid, it is to be underttood, that
the Hawkweeds Hand as in a medium between the
1 Succories and the Sow-Thijlles , as in fome mealure
partaking of them both.

IV. The Defcriprions. The firft, or Great Hawk-
weed, has a Root which is long , and fomewhat great,
with many fmall f ibres thereat, from whence Jpnng

Chap. 343. ‘Enghjh Herbs.

487

up many large hairy Leaves , lying on the Ground ,
much rent or torn on the fides into feveral gafhes
and jags, fomewhat like unto Dandelion , but with
greater parts, more like unto thofe of the Smooth
Sow-Thijile, the whole Plant being full of a bitter
Milk ; from among which rifes up a hollow rough
Stalk, two or three Feet high, Branched forth from
the middle upwards, on which are fet, at every Joint
where it Brancheth, longer Leaves, little or nothing
rent or cut in, bearing at their tops feveral pale yel-
low Flowers, confifting of many fmall narrow Leaves,
brpad pointed, and notched in at the ends, fet in a
double row , or more , the outermoft being larger
than the inner, which form moft of the Hawkweeds
do keep in all their Sorts or Varieties, which being
paft away turn into Down, and with its fmall brown-
i(h Seed is blown away with the Wind.

V. The fecond , or Rough Dandelion like Hawk-
Weed. It has a Root which is fmall. , fomewhat like a
Linger , with a few Fibres adjoining thereto , from
whence , fpring up feveral long and narrow hairy
Leaves, reddilh at the bottom next the Root, deep-
ly waved or tom in on the edges, being about two
Inches long, from among which rife up one, or two,
or more bare or naked Stalks, rough or hairy, bear-
ing each of them a double yellow Flower, like unto
the Hawkweeds , which being paft away turns into
Down, as the former does.

VI. The third , or Dandelion like Hawkweed, has
a fmall and f Irons Root , which fends forth fix or
feven thick rough Leaves , lying on the Ground , a-
bout two Inches long, and half an Inch broad, round
pointed, and jagged about the edges, as other Hawk-
weeds are ; the Stalk is hoary alfo, and Branched,
about a Span , or eight or nine Inches high, having

1 fmaller Leaves thereon , with fmalier divifions ; at
the tops hand very yellow Flowers on very Ihort
Footftalks, (hooting out vefy fine hoary Husks, point-
ed at the brims with many points. ,

VII. The fourth , or Dandelion Hawkweed with
fmall Flowers , has a Root which is fmall , white ,
woody, and fibrous-, the Stalk is round, a Foot high,

and fomewhat hoary, at the bottom of which grow
a few rough Leaves, bitten in (as it were) about the
edges, and about three Inches long, and half an Inch
broad, having but few Leaves thereon, and thole
about tile middle, which are but only dented, and
encompals it at the bottom, bearing very many fmall
yellow Flowers together at the tops thereof, which
grow upon very (hort Footftalks.

VIII. the fifth, or Swines Hawkweed with rough
Leaves. It has a fmall and long Root, and is but a
fmall Riant , having feveral fomewhat long and rough
Leaves lying on the Ground, fmaller at the bottoms,
and broader towards their ends , unevenly waved a*
bout the edges; the Stalks are a little rough, (len-
der, and bare of Leaves, Branching into feveral long
Stalks, about half a Foot in length, bearing every
one a large yellow Flower, like unto the Hawkweeds.
There is another Plant of this fort ; whofe Leaves
are fmooth and narrower, but differing little in any
thing elfe.

IX. The fixth, or Gum Succory like Hawkweed.
This grows not fo high as fome others, and has its
Leaves thicker jagged, but not fo large , each jag
fomething dented alfo, and fomething hairy ; the
Flowers are yellow, but not fo thick or double, but
growing in a Tuft together, which being ripe, and
turned into Down , are , With its Seed at bottom ,
blown away with the Wind, as the Down of other
Hawkweeds are.

X. The feventh, or Smooth deep jagged Hawk-
weed. This differs not much from the la] f, but that
the Leaves hereof are fmooth, and very much and
very deeply jagged, even to the middle Rib , each
jag being fmall, narrow, and pointed; its Stalks,
Flowers, Down, and Seeds are like unto the former.

Small Hares Hawkweed.

Devils-Bit. Its Root is made up of many Strings , like
a Planrane Root , but the tniddlemoft part , which is
great eft,, is fhort, as if it had been bitten oft, like the
Root ^/Devils-Bit: This Root fends up many Leaves,
of which thole which lye next the Ground are fome-
what long and narrow, cut in on the edges into filial}

Salmon V Herbal. Lib. L

and Ihort pointed gafhes -, the Stalks are lhull, and
feared y grow to be a Foot high, fpread out into a
few Branches, with feme Leaves here and there up-
on them, which have no divifion or dents on the
fides -, at the tops of the Branches (land the Flowers,
which are much feparated one from another , each
upon a long Foodlalk , confining of fewer Leaves,
or being leis double, of a Gold yellow Color, which
being paft away, are fucceeded with Down, like the
other Hawkwccds ■, the whole Plant, and every part
thereof is very bitter , rather more bitter than any
of the others. TT . . ,

XII. The ninth , or Meadow Hawkweed with
deep cut Leaves. The Root is blackifh and wpody -,
the Leaves lyipg next the Ground are many, long,
and narrow, and deeply cut or torn in on the edges,
and pointed at the ends, each Leaf (landing upon a
long Footflalk, and covered with a Downy hairinefs,
as the whole Plant befides is •, the Stalk is hollow ,
found, and about a Yard high, having a few fuch
like deep cut Leaves thereon-, it is fpread forth into
feveral Branches', at the tops of which Hand Gold
yellow Flowers on feveral long Footftalks, fucceed-
ed by Down, as the others are.

XIII. Tfe tenth , or Greater undented Meadow
Hawkweed, has a final l and black Root, with feveral
long Strings adjoining to it , from whence rife up fe-
veral rough Leaves, lying upon the Ground, each
about five Inches long , and an Inch and half broad,
without any gal h or dent on the edges, being ‘very
green, and ending in a round point, from among
which rifes up one fingle, ftraight, and crefted Stalk,
about a Foot and halt high, wholly naked, or defti-
tute of Leaves, bearing at the top a number of fmall
yellow Flowers, fet dole together, as it were in a
Tuft, every one upon a fhort Footflalk, which being
pa ft away, do, like the reft, turn into Down, and
pals away with the Wind.

XIV. The eleventh , or Lefler undented Meadow*
Hawkweed. Its Root is fomething long , and of a
mean thicknefis the Plant is leffer than the former,
and has many lefler Leaves undented lying upon the
Ground, of an Inch and half long, and an Inch broad,
being almoft round, and roughs the Stalk which ri-
fes from the middle of them (lands upright , and is
crefted, bearing at the top a few fuch like Flowers
as the former, which being paft away turn into
Down, which is alfo carried away with the Wind.

XV. Tloe Places. The firft and fecond grow in
feveral places about Fields and Pathways *in dry
Grounds ^ the third, fourth and fifth grow alfo in
Fields, wafte Grounds, Lanes, and By-Ways in ma-
ny places of England-, the fixth, feventhand eighth
grow alfo plentifully enough in many places of our
Lund, and fometimes in Gardens ^ the ninth , tenth
and eleventh grow in Fields and Meadows , and by
Wood fides which lye open to the Sun.

XVI. The Times. They all Flower, and the
Down flies away in the Summer Months , viz. in
June , July, and Augufi , and rife again of their
own Sowing.

XVII. The Qualities. They are all cold and dry
in the firft degree, Abfterfive, Aftringent, Anodyn,
Diuretick, Peftoral , Stomatick, and Alexiphar-
mick.

XVIII. The Specification. It eafes pains of Liver
and Spleen, and opens obftruflions of the Lungs.

XIX. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, i. An Injpijfate Juice. 2. An Effence. 3.
A Decottion in Wine. 4. A Collyrium. ?. A Cata-
plafim. 6. A Di filled Water. 7. An AadTintture.
b. A Saline Tintture.

The Virtues.

XX. The Infpijfate Juice. A Dram thereof dif-
folved in WFiite Port Wine, adding a little Vinegar
when it is given, opens the obftru£lions of the Reins,
Ureters, and Bladder, provokes Urine, and prevails
againft the Dropfie ; it is alfo good againlt the Sting-
ing of Scorpions, and Biting of Serpents, or other
Venomous Beafts^ it is alfo good againft the pain
and hardnefs of the Spleen , and procures Reft and
Sleep. |

XXL The Effence and Liquid Juice. It is cool-
ing, drying, and binding, and therefore good for the
heat of the Stomach, and gnawing thereof, for In-
flammations*, and the hot Fits of Agues j the Juice
given to two or three Spoonfuls in. Wine helps Di-
geftion, difeuftes Wind , hinders Crudities , helps
the depraved Tone of the Stomach, is good againft
the Strangury , or ftoppage ofLlrine, and prevails
againft all the Difeafes tor which the Infpiflate Juice
is given.

XXII. TJ)'e Decottion in Wine. It has the Virtues
of the Juice and Effence, but not full out fo pow-
erful j made with Wild Succory and taken, it helps
the Wind Colick, pains and hardnefs of the Spleen,
procures Reft and Sleep, hinders Venery, and Noftur-
nal Pollutions, cools and purifies the Blood, opens
obftruUions , and cleanfes the Stomach, Reins, and
Bladder ; The DecoUion mixed with Honey and ta-
ken , it digefts thin Flegm in the Thorax or Lungs ,
helps the Cough, Hoarfenefs, Wheezings, obftru-
Uions of the Vifcera , and caufes Ex peroration.
Dofe fix or eight Ounces twice'a day, viz. Morning
and Night.

XXIII. The Collyrium. It is thus made. Take
clarified juice of Hawkweed eight Ounces , honey
four Ounces , Roch Alum fix Drams , mix, melt , and
make a Collyrium. It is fingular good for all De-
fers and Difeafes of the Eyes , in tender Sighted
People it may be mixed with Womens Breaft Milk,
or with Cows Milk, and fo ufed-, it is alfo ufecl
with good fuccefs in curing fretting and eating Ul-
cers in any parr, efpecially in their beginning.

XXIV. The Cataplafin. Outwardly applied it is
good for hot Diftempers of the Eyes j if it is made
of the green Herb bruifed, and with a little Salt ap-
plied to any place burn’d with Fire, before Blitters
do arife, it takes out the Fire, and gives eafe^ it
alfo allays Inflammations , and St. Anthonie x-Fire,
cures Pufhes and Eruptions in the Skin, abates heat,
and draws forth fait virulent Humors ^ if it is made
by boiling with a little Milk and Barley Flower, or
White Bread, and applied to any place afFetled with
Convulfions, or the Cramp, or where there is a Am-
ple Contufion, it refolves the Tumor, and eafes the
pain.

XXV. The Difiilled Water. It is laid to cleanfe
the Skih, and take away Freckles, Spots, Morphew,
or Wrinkles in the Face and Skin.

XXVI. The Acid Tintture. It removes the pre-
ternatural heat of the Stomach, cools the heat of Fe-
vers., and helps a hot and dry Liver. Dole fo ma-
ny drops as to make the Ale, Beer, or Wine plea-
lantly acid, and to be drunk in all that the Patient
drinks':, it cures alfo a hot Scurvy.

XXVII. The 'Saline Tintture. It is good againft
the Gout, whether in Hands or Feet, the parts al-
leged being well bathed therewith as hot as can be
endured ; it is alfo good againft Tanning, Sunburn-
ing, yellownefs of the Skin, black and blue fpots
thro5 Blows, or Bruifes, Freckles, Lentils, ScurfF,
Morphew, Pimples, and other hot, fair, and fiery
breakings out of the Skin, in what part of the Body
foever, being skilfully applied.

Chap. 345. ‘EngUfh Herbs.

CHAP. CCCXLV.

Of H A W K WEE D Lefs Common.

I.np H E Navies. It is called in Greek 'U&mov

X ya-viv, K) U&kiov dnQit, in Latirte Hieracium in-
commune, vel rarUm , Hieracium minus commune , in
Englijh Hawkweed lefs common , or not fo eafie to be
met with, as being either rare, or otherwife^ Exo-
ticks, and fo only Garden Plants With us.

II. The Kinds. All the various Kinds enumera-
ted in Authors , as aforementioned , we (hall not
trouble you withal here, many of them being abfo-
lutely Foreign, and fo never to be feen with us, fome
of them only various, or degenerated, or otherwife
altered , from the poornels or richnefs of the Soil ,
or other qualifications of the Ground , and fo never
to be met withal again in Nature * thofe which we
(hall now defcribe are the twenty following, viz. 1.
Hieracium ajperum , Hieracium Intybaceum afperum
Tabernamontani , Sharp , or Sharp pointed Hawk-
weed. 2. Hieracium majus alt erum , The other
Great Hawk weed. 3. Hieracium longius Radicatum
Lobelij, and Microphyllon Tabernamontani , Hieraci-
um ?ninus primum Dodonai , Apargia Da/ecbampij ,
of which T heophraftus fpeaks Lib. 7. Cap. 9. Hie-
racium Dentis Leonis Folio obtufo majus Bauhini ,
Long Rooted Hawkweed. 4. Hieracium Intubaceum
Flore luteo Bauhini , Garden Succory like Hawkweed
with yellow Flowers. $. Hieracium Intubaceum
Flore magno albido , Garden Succory like Hawkweed
with white Flowers. 6. Hieracium Intubaceum Flo-
re Cameo, Hieracium Ramofum Pena, Hieracium
Apulum Flore fuave rubente Column a. Garden Suc-
cory like Hawkweed with blufh Flowers. 7. Hie-
racium Foho Hedypnoidis, Wild Succory like Hawk-
weed with yellow Flowers ? it is called Rbagadiolus
by Csfa/pinus. 8. Hieracium Montanum Latifolium
glabrum majus Tabernamontani , Great broad Leav’d
fmooth Mountain Hawkweed. 9. Hieracium Mon-
tanum Latifolium glabrum minus Tabernamontani ,
Small broad Leav’d fmooth Mountain Hawkweed.
10. Hieracium Montanum Rapifolium, Turnep Leav’d
Hawkweed. 11. Hieracium Montanum Folijs den-
tatis Flore magno , Dented Mountain Hawkweed with
a great Flower. 12. Hieracium Ramofum FloYc mag-
no , Great Flowered Hawkweed. 13. Hieracium
Montanum Latifolium villofum magno Flore Clujij ,
Hairy broad Leav’d Mountain Hawkweed with a
large Flower. 14. Hieracium Montanum Dentis
Leonis Folio incano, Hieracium Folio Hedypnoidis Clu-
jij, Hieracium Montanum Anguftifolium Folijs Cicho-
r ace is Tabernamontani , Mountain hoary Dandelion
like Hawkweed. 15. -Hieracium Brit anicum Conyz a.
Folio Clujij , Englilh Fleabane like Hawkweed. 16.
Hieracium Latifolium Clufij , Hieracium Phlomoides
' Taber namontani , Hieracium Latifolium P annonicum
Camerarij Flore magno luteo. Broad Leav’d Hawk-
weed with a great yellow Flower, which is the Pri-
mum Clufij. 17. Hieracium fruticofum Folio filb ro-
tunda Bauhini , Round Leav’d bufhy Hawkweed.
18. Hieracium fruticofum Latifolium birfutum .
Rough broad Leav’d bulky Hawkweed. i 9. Hiera-
ci um fruticofum Anguftifolium majus. The Greatei
narrow Leav’d bufhy Hawkweed. 20. Hieracium
fruticofum minus. The Lefler bulky Hawkweed.

III. The Defcri ptions. The Jirft , or Sharp point-
ed Hawkweed. It has a Root which is tough, and
fibrous, or thready, from whence rife up many
Leaves, which are long afid narrow, like thofe of

Languebeef , or Ox- Fong tie , but much narrower',
which are fharp about the edgfes, rbugh in the mid-
dle, and withal fharp pointed ^ the Stalks are long
and Render, fet with the like Leaves, but leifer ^
the Flowers grow at the tops. Which are yellovy
colored and double, which being paR, are fucceeded
by Down, which is Carried away with the Wind.

IV. The fecond, or other Great Hawkweed. The
whole Plant is bitter, and perifhes at the Jirft ap-
proach of Winter, being but Annuat, and to be new
Sown every Tear -, its firft Leaves are little or no-
thing dented, but fomething like Endive, yet thofe
which follow are cut in on the fides, not fo much
as the Sow-Thiftle , elfe not much unlike, which arc
more tender, yet .larger than the firft in the former
Chapter, as the Stalks are likewife, bearing on the
Branches greater Hus'ks, wherein the Flowers grow,
which pals into Down , with rough cfooked Seed
lying therein, and are both difperfed and blown a-
way with the Wind. ,

V. The third, or Long Rooted Hawkweed. Its
Root is white, fmall, and long, running doivn as
deep into the Ground fays Lob el as the Stalk is high,
yet fome of it has been obfervfed With more and
Ikorter Roots ^ the Leaves which lye upon the
Ground are long and narrow, much tom and jagged
on the edges, lomewliat like unto Dandelion, but
cut into many Ikort round pointed pieces, of a dark
green color ^ the Stalks which arife from among the
Leaves ate fmooth and blackilh, fcarcely a Foot
higli, bare, or without Leaves on them unto the
tops, but at the upper Joint, from whence faring
feveral Flowers ’ edch handing upon a long Foot-
ftalk, which are of a yellow color, like unto other
llawkwe eds , and being oirce paft away, the Heads
are filled with Seeds covered with Down, which is
carried away with rile Wind.

VI; The fourth, oh Garden Succory like Hafvkwced
with yellow Flowers. It has a long down right
Root, of a mean fize for thicknefs, and fome Fibies
adjoining to it, which fends forth a Render fmooth
Stalk , ab'b’ut i Foot high , yet fume what leaning
Jti r t Sown-

9°

Salmon'* 'Herbal. Lib. I,

c- own wards, i'pread into many Branches, at the foot
of which grow long, fmooth , dark green Leaves,
ah, out four Inches in length, and an Inch and half
in breadth, Lome of them without divifions, and
others very much rent, torn, or jagged,, very irregu-
larly, almolt (in fome places) to the middle Ivib, as
are all thole efpecially which grow higher and up-
ward on the Stalk and Branches, each of the Branch-
es and Stalk being about an Hand breadth below
the tops, bare of Leaves, and at the tops of each of
which grows a yellow Flower , of a middle fize,
which turns into Down , and is carried away with
the Wind.

VII. The fifth , or Garden Succory like Hawkweed
with White Flowers. This Plant in its Root, Stalk,
Branches, Leaves, and Flowers, is very like unto
the former fourth Kind, but that the Leaves in this
are fomething larger and broader, and more cut in,
or jagged and torn on the fides , even to the middle
Rib, (tho’ they can hardly be more irregularly torn
or jagged than the former) the Flowers alfo in this
Plant are of a whitilh color, and more yellow in the
middle, alfo fomewhat reddifh underneath, which
palling away turn into Down.

VIII. The fixth , or Garden Succory like Hawk-
weed with bluih Flowers. It has a Root which is
com po fed of a down right Stem, with feveral Fibres
adjoining thereto, which always perifh after Seed
time* from this Root fpring up feveral long and
fomewhat narrow rough Leaves, lying next the
Ground, very much rent or torn in on the edges, and.
f rom among thefe Leaves rij^ five, or fix, or more,
fender, lliorr, brown, and hairy Stalks, about a Foot
or more high, Ihooting forth into one or two Branch-
es, with lefier Leaves, and lels divided, up to. the
tops , where are feveral large Flowers, confifting of
two or three rows of Leaves, of a deep blufh color,
and of a fomewhat ffrong Opium like fmell, which
Leaves of Flowers are broad pointed, and nicked at
the ends , the ourwardmoft row being larger than
the inner , Handing in rough fcaly Husks ,. in which
afterwards the (lender, long, brown Seed is contain-
ed , which lying among much Down , are carried
away together with the Wind.

IX. The J'eventh , cr Wild Succory like Hawk-
weed with vellow Flowers. It has a Root which is
long and white , with fome fmall Fibres adjoining
thereto , which fends up. fome few Leaves , lying
next the Ground, fomething long and narrow, wa-
ved , or unevenly dented about the edges , in fome
more, in others lefs, and fometimes hairy withal, yet
when Planted in Gardens has little or none at all*,
it alfo fends forth many llender Stalks, with a few
Leaves fet difperfedly upon them, which arefmaller*
Than thole below , and (harp pointed ; thefe Stalks
branch forth at their tops, on which Hand feveral
green fcaly Husks, with yellow Flowers in them, a
little bending their Heads before they are blown, in
which grow crooked Seed, lying in the Down, which
after the Flowers are paft away, are both carried
away with the Wind.

X. The eighth , or Great broad Leav’d fmooth
Mountain Hawkweed. It has a bulhy Root, wholly
made up of a great number of Fibres or Strings, which .
fends forth feveral fair great Leaves, fomething nar-
row at the lower ends , and broader to the middle,
where they are broadeH , then declining in their
breadth, and ending in a point, being unevenly dent-
ed or waved about the edges, and encompaifing the
Stalk or Branches as they rile up , the Stalk and
Branches bear every one or them three or four Flow-
ers, yet hot in an tlmble like manner; thefe Flow-
ers leldom appear open, but when they do they are
yellow, like unto others, which afterwards pafs into
Down, and are alfo carried away with the Wind.

XI. The ninth , or Small broad Leav’d fmooth
Mountain Hawkweed. This Plant in its Roots,
Stalks, Leaves, Branches, Flowers, and Seed, as al-
io in its manner of growing , differs not from the
former great Kind , but only in its magnitude, this
being in all refpe&s fmaller , and the whole Plant
lower and lelfer.

X1L The tenth, or Turnep Leav’d Hawkweed.
The Root is fomething long and Hringy, of a red-
dilh yellow color, which fends forth a lew Leaves,
Handing upon long and rough reddifh Footltalks
next the Ground, fomething like unto Turnep Leaves,
being rough , and torn ia on the fides into round,
pointed jags, from among which riles up a rough,
reddifh, flraked StalK^ a Foot and half or more high,
with one or two fmall fhort Leaves thereon, divided
towards the top into many fmall Branches, on each
whereof Hands one Flower for the moft part, and
fometimes two , of a middle fize , and a yellow co-
lor, which being paH away turn into Down, which,
(as the relt) is carried away with the Wind.

XIII. The eleventh , or Dented Hawkweed with a
great Flower. The Root is much like the former,
which fends forth Leaves, lying for the mofi part all
on the Ground, being four or five Inches long , and
an Inch broad , a little woolly or hoary ; and finely
dented about the edges , of a fad green color ; the
Stalk rifes up to be about a Foot high, and is in a
manner bare of Leaves, rough, and hollow, bearing
one realonable large deep yellow Flower at the top.
Handing in a fine fcaly Husk, which turns into
Down, as the relt do, and is blown away with the
Wind.

XIV. The twelfth , or Great Flowered Hawkweed.
This is a large Hawkweed , and has a round rough
Stalk, three Feet high, fpread out into many Branch-
es, on every one of which Hands a large Gold yellow
Flower, like unto Dandelion ; the Leaves are three
or four Inches long, and two or three Inches broad,
with a great Rib in the middle, and many Veins run-
ning thro’ them,ofa pale green color,fomething rough,
waved about the edges, and fet about with fmall
Hairs, and many Veins running from the faid Rib.

XV. The thirteenth , or Flairy broad Leav’d Moun-
tain Hawkweed with a large Flower. It has a pret-
ty thick Root, with many Fibres fpringing from it-,
and tho’ it is a Broad Leav'd Hawkweed , yet its low-
er Leaves are long, and fomething narrow, covered
with a long hairy Down, almoH hoary, but thofe
which grow up higher upon the hairy Stalk, which
is about a Foot high , are fomething fhorter , but
three times broader , pointed at the ends , and lefs
hairy ; the Stalk fpreads it felf out into two or three
Branches, every one bearing commonly one Flower,
and fometimes two or three , out of woolly or very
hoary Husks, of the form and color of other Hawk-
weeds , turning alfo in like manner into Down.

XVI. The fourteenth, or Mountain hoary Dande-
lion like Hawkweed. The Roots of this Plant lye
Ipreading themfelves under the upper CruH of the
Earth, fending forth feveral Fibres, Ihooting down-
wards; from this Root come up divers heads of
Leaves, which are not all of an equal length, but
fome longer, and fome fhorter than others, as being
one, two, or more Inches long , and half an Inch
broad , with a great or thick middle Rib , covered
over with a foft hairy Down or Cotton, the lower
parts of them being narrower, and much torn in on
the fides, and the upper part broader, and but only-
dented , from among which rife up two or three
Stalks of a Foot long without any Leaves, anti bear-
ing at top one large Flower, of a deeper yellow co-
lor than in many others.

XVII. The fifteenth, tr Englilh FJeabane like
Hawkweed. It lias a Root which is compofed of

many

Chap. 345- ‘EngUJIj Herbs,

49

many black Strings , which pCrifh not , but abide
many Years-, this Plant rifes up with round, ftraked,
reddifh, green Stalks, a Foot 4nd half high, fet with
fomewhat large rough Leaves , like unto thofe of
Hcabarte , Without any order, but not fo fat or thick,
and dented about the edges , encompaffing them at
the bottom, and pointed at the ends; the FlOWers
are yellow, like to other Havokweeih , fet in hairy
Husks upon long Footftalks, which turn into Down,
and with the whitilh long Seed is blown away with
the Wind.

XVIII. The fixteenth , or Broad Leav’d Hawkweed
with a great yellow Flower. It has divers large
hoary Leaires lying next the Ground, fometimes a
little waved, fometimes again torn on the edges,
fometimes with black fpots on them, and fometimes
without any, from among which rifes up an hairy
Stalk, with very few Leaves thereon, fpread out at
the top into two or three other Branches, at the tops
of each of which is a large yellow Flower, like to
the Great Hawkweeds.

XIX. The /event eenth^ or Round Leav’d bulhy
Hawkweed. It grows about a foot and half high ,
the Stalk being linked, round, and fomewhat rough,
fpread out at top into feveral Branches , three or
four Inches long apiece, every one having at its head
a pale yellow Flower; the Leaves encompafs the
Stalk at their lower ends, and are fomewhat round,
about an Inch and half broad , yet ending in a little
point, dented about the edges, hoary, and of a light
green color.

XX. The eighteenth , or Rough broad Leav’d
bulhy Hawkweed , has a Root wholly compofed of
Strings and l'mall Fibres, which being cut or broken
yield a Milk like Juice, aS molt of the Hawktoceds
do; it has broad and fomething long, hard, rough,
dark green Leaves lying on the Ground, without
any inciffures or dents on the edges; the Stalk which
rifes up among them is two or three Feet high, thick
fet with fuch Leaves unto the top, but lefs, and
growing lefler and lelfer; at the tops Hand a ftw
yellow Flowers, compofed of fewer Leaves than the
Flower of the other Kinds, confifting but of one row,
which are as the border to the middle Thrum, and
being pall away turn into Down ; fometimes this is
found to vary, with lefs rough , or rather with loft
Leaves, fometimes broader and Ihorter.

XXI. The nineteenth , or Greater narrow Leav’d
bulhy Hawkweed. It has a Root which is whitilh,
very long , and deeply fpreading into the Earth,
quickly over running a great deal of Ground, for
every little piece being broken off will grow , and
fo is not eafie to be rooted out of that place where
it has once taken pofleflidn ; this Hawkweed grows
very like the lall, but has longer and narrower Leaves,
fomewhat rough , and dented or waved about the
edges ; the Stalk is more Branched at the top, where
the Flowers are more and thicker, the Leaves of
which are of a fair yellow color.

XXII. The twentieth , or Lelfer bulhy Hawkweed.
It has a Root which is Ihort, and as it were bitten
off, without any Fibres at it; this lefler bulhy Kind
rifes up with a Angle Stalk, about a Foot and half
high, fet about with feveral (hort and fmooth Leaves
in fome places, and with almoft round rough Leaves
in others, dented about the edges, and at the top
bearing feveral yellow Flowers upon (hort Footftalks,
much like the laft.

XXIII. The V laces. The firft fix are Planted for
the molt part in Gardens, having been firft brought
to us out of Italy, yet the fecond of them has been
lound growing Wild in England ; the feventh is a
native of France, but tranlplanted hither; the eighth
and ninth only grow with us in Gardens ; the tenth,'

eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth,
and fixteenth, grow upon Mountains and Hills in
feveral parts of England, are alfo Narivfs of Italy
and Germany , and are many of them trahfplanted
alfo into our Gardens; the fouf laft Kinds grow
with us in Gardens, as alfo naturally Wil'd in leve-
ral places of England and Germany ; the eighteenth
and nineteenth have been found growing in the way
going from London tb Hampft'ed Heath , a, alfo in
fevetal other places.

XXIV. The Times. They alfFlower, and their
Down flies away in the Summer Months, and rile
again of their own Seed, but lome of them will a-
bide until the cold of Autumn edifies them to peril!);
but the moll tender of them will Flower with us till
the end of Attguft , the Seed ripening in the mean
time.

XXV. The Vitalities, Specification , Trepanations
and Virtues of ail thel'e are the very fame with the
Common Kinds in the former Chapter, and are thought
to be no lefs effectual than they in all the Eftefls and
Properties pertaining to them," to which you are re-
ferred.

XXVI. An Obfervation. It is to be noted , that
tho’ the properties and force of all thefe Plants mav
be faid to be one and the fame with the former Com-
mon Kinds, both from their form and their Litter
tafte, which indicates in a great meafufe their Qua-,
lities and Virtues, yet the fixteenth , or Broad Leav'd
Hawkweed aforegoing, is particularly commended
by Camerarius as a thing Angularly good for the
Phthifick, or Confumption of the Lungs, being made
into a Confeive or Syrup, or the Pouder of the Herb
being taken with Honey ; he fays that in My fa they
put at into their Sallets, Broth, and Meats, for the
lame purpofe; and that it is available for the Pleu-
riiie alfo, . being fo affirmed by feveral Authorities,
and that without any help of Blood letting: If the
Pouder, ConfetVe, or Syrup, be fo effefluul as Ca-
merarius fays, then without doubt the Liquid Juice
or Eflence mull very much tianfeend any of thole
Preparations: The Eflence may be given three or four
Spoonfuls at a time, Morning, Noon, and Night,
either alone, or elfe mixed with any proper Vehicle;
and fo tb be continued till the lllceration of the
Lungs is digefted, cleanfed, dnd healed, which you
may eaflly know by the frefh Countenance oF the
Difeafed Patient, dnd by his getting a new producti-
on of Flefh upon liiS Back, as alfo by his' cealing to
fpit Matter and Corruption:

CHAP. CCCXLVI.

Of HEARTS — EASE Garden,

0 R,

P A N S I E.

I.'T' H E Names. It is called in Greek T> i Xjd-
JL petto*, it teems to be the Viola Flammed, which
Gaza will have to be or in ’lheophraj) us

Lib. 6. Cap. 6. in La/ine Viola Tricolor, Hcrba Tri-
nitatis , Herb a Clave Hat a, and of fome facia, but
[this laft Name is molt proper to Knapweed , of
which in its place; in Engl, fi Uearts-Eaft , Herb
Trinity , and Tanfie.

II. The Kinds. It is of three principal Kinds,
,viz. i. Viola Tricolor, Viola Trinitatis, or Flos Tri-
’ni'tatis hbnenfse Gniiih Hearts-Eafe, of which irr
R ft 2 this’

this Chapter. 2. Flos Tr in it at is Sylveftns , Wild
Hearts-Eafe; of which in Chop. 347.

ill. The Gordon Kinds. There are three forts ot
the Garden Kinds, viz. 1. Flos , feu Viola fricolor
Hortenfs communis , Viola Flammed major Umutus^
The Greater , or Common Garden Hearts-Eaie. 2.
Flos feu Viola Tricolor Hortenfis , Viola Flammed
Hortenfis Flore duplici , Hearts-Eafe with double
flowers. 3. Viola Flammed lutea maxima - lhe
Great yellow Heaxts-Eaie.

gig^

(j renter If aider? Jrleaiiseu

nothing elje but a bunch or knot of fibrous Strings.and
perijbes every Tear , the Plant raifing it ficlf up plen-
tifully by its own Sowing , where it m Jujfered ; its
Leaves are longer , and more indented or cut In on
the edges than thole of the Violet the Stalks ate
upright, yet weak, and ready to fall down and lye
upon the Ground , fet here and there with the like
Leaves, from whence come forth the Flowers, ha-
ving little or no fmell, and made in form like unto
a Violet , yet mote open , and with larger Leaves ,
but fo variably mixed with Blew, or Purple, White
and Yellow, that ic is difficult to fet down all the
varieties ; for fome Flowers will be more White, and
but fome fpots of Purple or Blew in the two. upper
Leaves , and the lower Leaves with fome itripes of
yellow in the middle; others will have more Purple
in them than any other color, both in the upright
and lower Leaves , the fide Leaves Blew , and the
middle Yellow ; and others White and Blew, with
yellow [tripes, as Nature is pleafed to vary the Co-
cas: The Seed isfmall, whitilh, and round, and
contained in fmall round Heads. The lelfer is like
to this.

V. The fecond, or Hwts-Eafe with double Flow-
ers. This is a very plcafng Plant , and bears blowers
with more Leaves than the former , making it feem
to be twice double , and that only in Autumn , for the
firft Flowers, which come in Summer, are fingle ; this
is of that fort which bears Purple flowers, and it is
to be noted, that the Seed of this Kind will not all
bring double Flowers, but only fome of them, where
the Ground is fir, and the Plant thrives and takes a
liking to it ; fo that if you have once had of this
Double Kind , you (hall l^om mifs to have double
Flowers again every Yejpiof its own growing or
fowing.

VI. The third, or Great yellow Hearts-Eafe. Thu
is another Species which decks and adorns . our Gar-
dens, and therefore is not to be left out ; its Leaves
and Flowers are like the former, but more plentiful
in Stalks and Branches, and better abides our Win-
ters; the Flowers are larger than any of the former,
of a fair pale yellow color, with fome yellow Itripes
now and then abosti the middle, tor it is fomedmes
without any [tripes, and alfo of a little deeper yel-
low color; this Plant is to be encreafed by flips,
which will loon multiply in a fertil and moift
Ground , for it has fcarcely ever been obl'erved to
bear Seed.

VII. The Places. All thefe Plants were firlt: Wild,
and by being brought into the Garden, and Manuring,
they have been brought to a very great fairnefs of
color, and the beauty which they now pplfels, and
alfo to a better fmell than when theySJfew Wild;
and in the fame manner I believe many Yithsr Wild
Plants might have been improved, even to a kind of
perfeftion.

VIII. The Times. Hearts-Eafe feldom Flowers
until May, but then fome will abide to Flower until
the end of Autumn almoft, if Frolts, by their being
too early, hinder not, as 'thefe of the Double Kind.

IX. The Qualities. Hearts-Eafe feems to be tem-
perate as to its firft Qualities-, -if is Emollient and
Glutinous, in all its Parts and Qualities like iuito
Violets , but in its glutinous quality more like to
Mallows ; it is Cofmetick, Vulnerary, Pectoral, and
Alexipharmick.

X. The Specification. It is laid to be good againft
Ulcers of the Lungs, and the Kpilepfie.

XL The Preparations. You may have therefrom.
I. A Juice or Effence. 2. ADecolfion in Hotel or
' ’ , Art (him.

Herb ana
flour rs.

Chap. 346. ‘EngUfb Herbs. 491

Flowers. 7. A Diftilled Water. 8. An Acid Tin-
Sure.

The Virtues.

Xlt. T he Juice or EJJence. They are very vif-
cous , and emollient , good again!!: hot Difeafes of
the Breaft and Lungs, and againft Agues, being ta-
ken three Hours before the coming of the Fit, as al-
fo againft Convulfions, and the Falling-Sicknefs in
Children ; it is alfo good to bath the places troubled
with the Itch , Tertars , Scabs , or other breakings
out in the Skin, and to cleanfe old Sores and foetid
Ulcers, being waftied therewith : You may take from
three to fix Spoonfuls at a time in the Morning fall-
ing , and lalt at Night going to Bed , either alone
by it felf, or mixed with fome fit Vehicle.

XIII. 'The Decoction in Water or Wine. It has all
the Virtues of the Juice or Eflence, but not altoge-
ther fo powerful , but is fomething better ro wnlh
old Sores and Ulcers withal , becaufe it cleanfes
more , dries and heals ; inwardly it may be given
from four to eight, or ten Ounces, according to the
Age and Condition of the Patient. Eugduncnfis
fays that many Sacks full of the Herb and Flowers
are Yearly Tranfported from Marfei/les in b anco
unto Alexandria , and other parts of JEgypt, where
they ufe them boiled in Water, which only (by their
Religion) they are enjoined to drink ; and this they
do not only thereby ro make the Water the more
wholfom to be drunk , blit are alfo perfwaded that
it helps againft Difeafes of the Breaft and Lungs.

XIV. T be Syrup. It may be made of the Juice or
EJJence, with honey , or of the Flowers , cxaltly in the
fame manner as you make Syrup of Violets. They
are both admirable Peftorals, caufe eafie Expeblora-
tion, and cleanfe the Thorax , or Breaft, Lungs, and
Stomach, from crude fait Flegm, frothy and vifeous
Humors , and other like Tartarous Matter , which
caufes Coughs, Wheezing, Hoarfenefs, fhortnefs of
Breath difficulty of Breathing , and other like Dif-
eafes ofthofe parts; it is alfo faid to heal a Phthi-
f,s or Ulceration of the Lungs, being timely and
affiduoufly taken. The Syrup of the Flowers mixed
with fair Water, and the Juice of Limons, and fo
made as it may be freely potable, being largely drank,
it quenches Third, abates preternatural heat , and
extinguifttes burning Fevers.

XV. The Catap/ajm. It is good to be applied to
iimple Contufions, as alfo to places broken out with
the Itch, Scabs, Tettars, Pimples, ScurfF, Mor-
phew, t?Y. for it difeufles, opens the Pores, clean-
ly and abl'orbs the Iharpnefs of the Humor.

XVI. The Ointment or Balfam. They may be
made of the Liquid Juice, or Green Herb, according
to the ufual Method ; they digeft, cleanfe, dry and
heal Wounds, and ill conditioned Ulcers; the Bal-
iam many times heals a fimple gretn Wound at once
or twice dreffing; it is alfo a very good thing to be
applied in the extremities of the Goat, giving eafe
in a very fhort time.

XVII. The Pender of Herb and Flowers. It is
Vulnerary, being applied dry Upon Ulcers, it fucks
up their moifture , cleanfes, incarnates, and dries,
thereby inducing a fpeedy healing, more especially
if the Sore or Ulcer be every time, before it is ap-
plied, well waftied with the Juice or Eflence.

XV1I1. The Diftilled Water. Cojhrus in his Book
of the Nature of Plants fays, that the Diftilled Wa-
ter of Hcaris-Eafe is commended in the French Dif-
eafe to be profitable , being taken for nine days, or
more, and Sweating upon it ; how true this is I will
not fay , but wtfti that by Experience it might be
confirmed ; if the Diftilled Water can have fuch Vir-
tues, whan may the Liquid Juice or Eflence be able

to do in the fame Cafe ? I doubt noc but they exceed
the Diftilled Water ten times at lead in their Power
and Effefls; but the Diftilled Water mixed with
the Juice Liquid, or Infpiflate, becomes an excellent
thing for the conglutinating and healing of fimple
green Wpunds.

XIX. T[ic Acid TinSure. It is a Angular thing
to abate the burning Fit of Agues, and extinguish
the moft vehement heat, even of malign Fevers; :r
is good againft all malign Difeafes, and refills the
Plague or Peltilence it felf. Dofe fo many drops as
,to make the Vehicle gratefully fliarp and plealanr,
and to be taken in all that the Patient drinks ; it al-
fo quenches Thirlt admirably.

C H A P. CCCXLVII. /

Of H E A R T S-E A S E- Wild,

O R,

HERB TRINITY Wild.

I.np FI E Names. Ir is called in Greek zroy-.t
X X 1A0 in Latine Viola Flammed Sylveliris ,
Herba Trinitatis Nemoralis , Flos Tnnitatis Nemo-
rofus , vet Sylveftris , and in Englifh Wild hearts-
Eafe , Wild Panjies.

II. The Kinds. There are four Species of this
Plant, viz. 1. Viola Tricolor Sylveftris communis ,
The Common Wild Hearts-Eafe. 1. Viola Tricolor
affitrgens, Uprighr Wild Hearts Eafe. 9. Viola Tri-
color lutea Sylveftris, Wild yellow Hearts-Eafe. 4.
Viola Tricolor Petrxa, Stoney Hearts-Eafe.

494

Salmon^ Herbal. Lib. 1.

»/• tint many round Leaves , afterwards they grow
Something longer, and are llightl y cut about the edges,
and bv their weakneis l»e upon the Earth ■, the Stains
are w'enk and tender, and tho’ they leem to grow a
little upright, yet they feetft to trail, or ean towards
ti-e Ground, upon which grow leveial like Leaves,
as alio blowers, like to Vickis , upon long FootltalKS;
the chief difference between thele Wild and the for-
mer firit Garden Kind is in the color and largenefs
ot the blowers, (for in the Leaves and form of _grow-
ing there is but little variation) the Flowers in this
being for the molt part fmaller than thefe of the
Garden, and of as little fmell; but as to the Colors
they are various, yet there is Icarcely a Flower a-
mong many which has three colors , for /hey are
chiegy White, and pale Blue , more or lefs marked
or fpotted , and fometimes yellow in the bottom-,
the Flowers being palt away, little round Heads luc-
ceed lomething lefs than a Tare, about the bignels
of a large great Pins head, which being npe do open
themfelves, and in a little time after let their Seed

ljlIV°Tfre fecond, or Upright Wild Hearts-Eafe. It
1,U a Root compnfed of fibres or Strings, which pe-
r,lh after Seedtime, the Plant rifing again of the
* alien Seed: This Hearts-Eafe grows to te about a
'Foot high, or more, with hard upright Stalks, which
vet at their tops bend a little again, they have two
'Leaves let at each Joint, but longer, and more dent-
ed about the edges than the firft Garden Kind in the
former Chapter; at thefe Joints with the Leaves ,
on both fides of the Stalks, comes forth a larger
Flower and more fpread open than thole ot the hrlt
Garden Kind, yet very like to them, of a pale pur-
plilh color and almott as Iweet as a Violet as Mat-
thic/us lavs, but without fmell, as Label &ys ; Lo-
di,is us delcribes this Kind with variety ot Colors,
and therefore calls it Viola afturgens Tricolor where-
as Matthiohit declares his to be only Purple; after
the blowers are pall, longer Seed Veffels follow than
thole of the Garden Kind, in which is contained
Email whitidi Seed. r . „

V Gerard hat this Defcnptwn of it. The upright
Pan fie, or Hearts-Eafe , brings forth long Leaves
deeply cut in on the edges, iharp pointed, of a bleak
or paie green Color, fet upon (lender upright Stalks,
cornered, jointed, or kneed, about a Foot high , or
higher upon which grow very fair Flowers, of three
colois, viz. Purple, Blue, and Yellow in form or
(hape like unto the tiril Common Garden Heart s-baje
but greater and fairer, which Colors are fo excel-
lent! v and orderly placed, that they bring great de-
light to the beholders, tho’ at the fame time they
have little or no fmell at all in them ; for it happens
oftentimes that the uppermoft Flowers are differing
from thofe which grow upon the middle of the
Plant and thofe again vary from the lowermolt,
as Nature is pleafed to play with things of. fuch

heWne third, or Wild Yellow Hearts-Eafe. This
in its Rot, Stalk, Leaves, and manner of growing,
is much like to the firft aforegoing, and hat been la-
den by fame young Herbarills to be the Yellow Vio-
let; the blowers are of a faint yellow color, with-
out mixture of anv other color, yet having a deeper
vellow fpot in the lowed Leaf, with four or five
hlackiili purple Lines, in which it differs from the
firit Will Kind.

VII. The fourth, or Stoney Hearts-Eafe, ts a mean
and low Plant , the Leaves are rounder , and not fo
much cut about the edges as the firft is-, the Stalks
or Branches are weak and feeble , trailing upon the
Ground; the blowers are likewile of three Colors,
viz. White, Blue, and Yellow, but void of fmell;
and the Root periihes having perfetted the Seed

VUI. The Places. They grow in wade and Com
Fields, about their borders, and in Fallow Grounds,
and borders of Groves and Forreds ; the firft and
fecond, tho’ they grow Wild in the Fields, yet they
fometimes alfo grow in Gardehs; the fecond, or
Upright Kind , grows on Mount Ba/dtts in Italy ;
Label fays it gioivs in Languedock in trance, and on
the tops of fome Hills in England ; the third, with
yellow Flowers , has been found by a Village in
Lancajhire called Latham , about four Miles from
Kirchaa-, the lad grows only ih Rocky, Stoney,
Gravelly, and barren Grounds, and Other like places.

IX. The Times. They Flower not only in the
Spring, but for the mod part all Summer long, thro’
April , May, June, and July, even to Aug oft.

X. The Vitalities, Specification, Preparations, and
Virtues , are the lame with thole of the Garden
Kind in the former Chapter, fo that no more need
be faid concerning the fame in this place.

CHAP. CCCXLVIII.

Of H ELL E BOR. BL A C K True,

- 0 R,

CHRISTMAS FLOWER,

I.'T' H E Karnes. It is called in Arabic/: CberPa-
_L chem , and Charbach afued, in Greek ’E>o.iC»-
ctf, and fometimes without the Alpirare lonO-m.
in Latine Elleborus , and Helleborus , alfo Hel/ebo-
rum , and Veratrum, quod Mentem vertat, in Englifh
alfo Hellebor , and ChrifimaJ flower.

II. I he Kinds. There are two principal Kinds,
viz. I. ‘EuiCiex «*««. *T E»xif»£>r tmtfaifer, Hel-
leborutn nigrum, Veratrum nigrum , Black Hellebor,
of which we Ihall Treat in this Chapter, and in
Chap. 349. and 350. 'ZmCevo-t mbt, Helleborus al-
bus, vel Helleborum album, Veratrum album. Sanguis
Herculeus , Conftligo vegetij , Alfyrti Columellas tf
Plynij , White Hellebor, and Sneeze- Root, of which
we Ihall (God willing) Difcourfe in Chap. 351. and
3; 2. following.

III. The Kinds of Black Hellebor. There are fe-
veral Kinds of this Plant, as I. Helleborus r.tger
vents , The true Black Hellebor, called alfo Vera-
trum nigrum verum, of which in this Chapter. 2.
Helleborus niger nabus maximus, Helleborafier max -
wins, Conftligo, Battard Black Hellebor, ’ot Bears-
Foot, called by fome Country People Sctterwort ,
qtiafi Setonwort , being applied to the Ears , Neck,
and other parts, alter the manner, or in place of a
Seton. 3. Helleborus niger nothin minor, Hellebo-
rafier minor. The ledcr Ballard Black Hellebor,
which is alfo called The leffcr Bears-foot, of both
thefe we (hall Treat in Chap. 349. 4. Elfeborine ,
vel llelleborine nigra SatiicnU folio major. Wild
Black Hellebor with Sanicle Leaves the Greater-, it
is called alfo Aftrantia nigra by Label and Gefner,
Ofteritium Montamtm Tragi , bnperatoria nigra Lt-
bernamontani, but Dodonxus takes it to be Elleborus
niger , or Veratrum nigrum Diojcoridts , and Battbi-
nus calls it Elleborus niger SanicuU folio major. 5.
Elleborine nigra SanicuU folio minor, Helleborus ni-
ger SanicuU folio minor. Wild Black Hellebor with
Sanicle Leaves the Leffer, or The Leffcr Sanicle like
Hellebor. 6. Elleborine fentlacea, Helleborus niger
ferulaceus , Pfcudohelkborum Matthioli , Bufhthal-
mum majus Anguillan Clufij , & a/jorum. Wild Ba-

Chap. 348* HngUJh Herb j

Hard Black Hellebor Fennel Leav’d
laft in Chaj). 350, following.

Hellei

of which three

'BlacK

IV. The Defcription. The fji, or True Black
Hellebor, called Chrifliras Flover. It has a Root
which con/ft s of a great numbtb of brownifh black
Strings , which run down jeep into the Ground , and
are fajined to a thick he:d , of ihe bignefs of ones
f inger , growing fmallerfom its top or head down-
wards; I rent this Root fife leveral lair green Leaves,
each of them Handing upn a thick , round , ffiff ’
green Stalk , about a Had breadth high from the
Ground, divided into fever, eight, or nine parts, or
Leaves, and each of them Diked or dented from the
middle of the Leaf to the pintward on both fides,
abiding green all the Winti, at which time the
Flowers rife on the like ihoi Stalks as the Leaves
grow on , without any Leafthereon for the moil
part, yet fometimes having .fmall, (hort, pale
green Leaf, refembling rather iSkin than a Leaf,
a little under the Flower, and giTO but little higher
than the Leaves ; each Stalk aifi bears ufually but
one Flower, very rarely two, conifing of five large,
round, white Leaves apiece, like feto a great lingle
White Rofe, chancing fometimes , be either daiht
with a Purple about the edges, or tbe wholly Pur-
ple , without any White in them ,as the Seafon ,
Weather, or time of continuance doe contribute to
effed the fame ; this Flower has mat pa[e yellow
Thrums in the middle. Handing about green Head,
which afterwards grows to be the Set VelTel , di-
vided into feveral Cells or Pods, like up a Colum-
bine Head, or Aconitum Hymeale , buirteater and
thicker , in which is contained fomewh, long and
round blackilh Seed, like to the Seeds of e Bajlard
Kinds , or Bears-fcOts.

V. The Places. It glows in Greece , ID, 'Eng-
land^ frame , and Germany , in many places ' thofe
Countries, as alfo in Anticyra , an Illand overiajnft
the Hill Oct a in Theffaly , where it is laid titow
in an extraordinary plenty , whence came thpro-
verb (fpeaking to a Melancholy or Mad Man, , to

495

his Cure) Naviga ad Anticyras ; hut with us in Eng-
land it only grows in Gardens.

VI. The Times. It Flowers in December , and
January , it the Seafon or Weather be any thins
temperate, if the Air is mild and warm, it general
ly Flowers about Chriflmas time, from whence with
us “rathe Name of Chriftnus Flower.

11. The Qualities. It is hot and drv in the third
degree, Aperitive, Abfterfive, Cofmetick, Hepaiick
Splenetick, Arthritick, Cathartick, F.metick, and if
given by an uhskilful Hand JW3 ei&, or Venefick,
luai- j , Specification. It is peculiar againit

Madnels and Melancholy, Quartan Agues, Scabbi-
nels, and Leprohe, kills Worms, and cures the Kings-
iv T-?P”e’ Yello'v Jaundice, and Gout.
t/" 1 ^rcP;n":t ions. You may have therefrom,
"r ['leT>y‘,d fntce of the Leaves. 2. An Effcnce
0} the fame. 5. An Infu/on or D ecottion of the green
Leave* 4. An htfujion or DecoSion of the Root.

A Syrup. 6. A Ponder of the Leaves or Root.

' A Set on of the Root. 8. An Ext rail of the Root.
9* A rejjary of the Root. 10. A Lotion of Herb or
,/■ 11 An Ointment of the Herb. 12. A Diflil-
lei Water of the Green Herb. it. An Acid Tm-
llureoj Herb or Root. 14. A Spirituous TmlUire.
15. An Oily Tmlture. 1 6. A Saline Tmliure,

The Virtues.

f X' 3“,ce °f ,he Leaves. It is ufed

tor molt Difeaies in which White Hellebor is avail-
able, but it is nothing fo violent or dangerous-, the
Juice ot the Leaves made up with Flower inro filial!
Cakes and baked , has been ufed to good purnofe
aS?.lni!:4he Dropfie, Jaundice, Cachexia, and other
evil difpofmons of Liver, Spleen, and Gall; it mav
be given from half a Dram to two Drams, according
to Strength and Age. ‘ °

, Xj' Jhf It is ufed to open and purge

the Body in feveral Cafes (as well as the Extrad of
the Roots) and is of great ufe and effeds againit all
Melancholy Dlfeafes, long and tedious Agues as
the Quartan, and the like; it eafes the Megrim and
Cephaka, or old Inveterate Headach , Yellow and
Black Jaundice, Leprofie, Falling-Sicknefs C011-
iumption, either of the Lungs or whole Body, pains
of the Belly, Sciatica, Cramps, Convulfions, or
mnnking of the Nerves, as alfo all other Griefs and
Pains of the Joints or Nerves, as Gout, Inflammati-
on, and the like, it being taken Morning and Even-
ing, half a Dram at a time, in any convenient Vo
hide, always increaiing or diminilhing the Dole
according to the Age and Strength of the Patient’
and as you find it by oblervation to work.

XII. The Infu/on or Dccctlion. It may be made
with Water (if for hot ■ Difeafes) or Wine (if for
cold Diltempers) but Authors advife, that tbe Herb
or Root be firlt correded, by Keeping it in Vinegar,
(becaufe of its dangerous and obnoxious Qualities)
a day and a night, and then dryed again j yet out
Englifh Kind items not to be fo violent as that which
grows in hotter Countries, nor has it fiich a violent
operation in working, tor which reafon that previ-
ous corredion of it may be torborn; thefe have all
the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but work with
more moderation, and are much fafer to be taken
and may be ufed in all the Cafes aforenamed. Dole
from half an Ounce to two, three , or four Ounces
according to Age, Lfc.

XIII. An Infu/on or Decollion of the Root. It has
all the Virtues ot thole of the Leaves, but it yet
operates more moderately, and therefore is the more
fife to be taken; Country People give the Infulion
or Decoft ion ot either Leaves or Roots to kill
Worms in Children, 1 confefs they may be given to

filch

49^

Salmon* HcrhaL Lib. L

feh as are come to Mans ftiength and growth, but
other things which will do the fame fafely, and ful-

ly k?v“y45'it^= of the

Dealftioii of Fkrb or Root, boiled up to a confiften^
cv with Honey, ot as fome will have it, with

ney and Vin-egg wbi^is ind| * ’s Xartarous

tmeuck and , a alfo the Tuni-

^ Stlach "fd Guts ftom evil juices adhe-

fmg to the fame. Dofe ftom one Spoonful to two,

“x-Tt be P cuier of the Leaves or Root. It has all
t. v- - nfrhpLiauid Tuice, Effence, Iniufion
Decoftion otExtiaS, but it works much more
W' cauftng Gtipings, Fainting, vehement
Sicknefs at Heart, and lbmetimes Swooning away ;
i' kiUs Worms, and is good to give in Madnefs, and
to fuch as are troubled with a Hypochondtiack Me-
ancholy tf an Iffue is cut in any flelhy part, yea
hi the Neck, ot upon the Shoulder ot brawn of the
in tne i anc[ a pea be put into it

foTa day or two’, and then the hole of the Iffue be
ftoppedyup with the Poudet of Hellebor Leaves and
Sere for one, two, three, or more days, it will
make a Tumor nearly as large as an Egg, and draw
all the ill Humors from all, yea, the moll remote
carts of the Body to that place, and expel them
there and by this means the Kings-Evil, teprofie,
Gout’, Sciatica, and Pocky Symptoms , have been
cured yea, after that a number of Purgings Vo-
mkines y Bleedings, and Salivations, have all been
ul'ed in vain, and had no effeEt upon the Patient.

XVI. T he Set-on of the Root, ft is ufed to Rowel
Cartel withal, as Country People call it. L»J.

« Cap. ;. fays, that a piece of the Root of Black
Hellebor being drawn through a hole made in the
Sr of a Beall troubled with the Cough, or having
taken any poyfonous thing, cute it, if tt be taken
out the next day at the fame Hour: Abfyrtes nd
Hicrocles fay the fame thing, as alfo .Columella. This
manner of Curing is ufed with us, but_ the place is
changed from the Eat to the Dew-lap in Oxen, and
to the fore Leg or hinder Leg of an Horfe above

thmTfe PeJJary. Being applied to the Womb,
it mightily prevails to bring down Womens Couries,
and if there is any callous or hard flelh grown in he
Vatina, leading to the Womb , or m a Fiftula , the
Root being left therein for two or three days it wi
totally confumeit; Galen Lib. 6. de Simp. Med.
affirms this, and Julius Alexandrinus fays he often

UyXVlII°Tbe Extras of the Root. This has all the
Virtues of the Juice, Effence, Infufron DecoOaon,
i o rr/.nrT mrl k morp mild and nt to

foul or callous Ulcer or Filtula be wafhed with this
Lotion, and then the Pouder of the Root be ftrewed
thereupon, it dries, heals, and fuddenly cures them.

XX. The Ointment of the Herb, if People at-

flifted with Lice be often wattled with the Decofti-
on of Hellebor hot, and then the Head or other parts
anointed with this Ointment, is kills them, and per-
teUly deliroys the breed. ■

XXI. The V), f illed Water. It is of good uie to
remove black and blew lpots ot marks from the
Skin and to take away the yellowneis thereof, a-
alfo ’Tanning by the Air, Sunburmng, Pimples,

diiu learning uy i • 7 ; . /•

Morphew, and ocher like deformities ot the lame.

XXII. The Acid Tintfure. Given to a grateful
acidity in any proper Vehicle, it kills Worms in Old
or Young, it gently Purges, aid prevails againlt nil
the Difeafes the Herb or its Root is good for; it
alfo overcomes Foyfon, if the Patient takes it loop,
after the receiving of the Pqyfon; mixed with Da-
mask Rofe Water, it is gooE to wafli Pimples m
the Face and Skin, as alfo Lintils, Freckles, fsfe. it
foon ties them away, and eltores the Skin to its
true and natural color.

XXIII. The Spirituous ImUure. It is an extra-
ordinary thing to bath lot withal in a Gangteen,
preventing and curing tie fame; it may be given
inwardly from half a Oram to two Drams, and
more, according to Aye and Strength, againftthe
Kings-Evil , Jaundice Dtopfie , Gout , Leprofie ,
French Pox , and otler Difeafes of like kind ; it
fomething troubles tie Stomach, otherwife it works
well enough.

XXIV. The OilyTmUure. It is very good a-
gainlt the Sciatica, lout, and weakneffes and pains
5f the Joints and Ferves, it refolves Convulfions,
and yet ftrengthem the Nerves , and reftores in a
Paliie - it is goodalfo to anoint withal upon any
ilraining of the Neves, otwhen the Bones are out
of Joint becauie t warm and comforts the part,
and reftores the Tone therof being hurt.

XXV. The Seine Tinpe. It is to be ufed as
hot as can be endured upoi the part or parts amict-
ed with Scabbinefs, Tetris, Ringworms, Pimples,
or other breakings out, 3 alfo againlt yellownefs,
blacknefs and blewnefs olhe Skin, Lentils, Freckles,
Sunburning, Tanning, Surff, Morphew, Leprofie,
or any other like defeedhon ; if it is conttantly ufed
two ot three times a if for fome time, it certainly
cutes thofe defomiitiei and leaves behind it a plea-
fing fmoothnefs and b*uty.

C H

1 P. CCCXLIX.

virtues 01 me juic, .a, , -

and Syrup aforegoing, and is more mild and fit to
be taken than any of them, and as it may be always
ready at Hand, fo it may be given in all thofe Di-
ftemners lor which thofe Preparations are to be ex-
hibited. Dofe ftom a Scruple to a Dram, or Dram
and half, in the Morning tailing.

XIX. The Lotion of Herb or Root. It is made by
Xnfufion or Decoaion in Wine Vinegar, ot in halt
Vinegar half Wine; it is good to wafh any place
troubled with Scabs, Wheals, ot Putties, Leprofie,
or any other like breaking out, yea, altho’ it be a
Gangrenous or Phagedenick Sore or Ulcer, it flays
their Ipreading or eating, and preferves the Flelh
from putrifaftion; this fame Lotion helps alio the
Toochach, if the Mouth be gargled therewith, and
it be held’ fome fmall time therein ; alfo dropped
into the Eats, it eafes the pain, helps againlt the
r.oife of the Ears, and removes rhe deafnefs ; it any

O/HELUBOR BLACK Eaftard.

0 R,

BEAR s-f o o t.

l.r-p HE femes.

1 PO0'

. n c ,U/HUJ, It is called in Greek 'EaaI Co&s
■ po9@.in Latirte Helleborus nothus , and h'Jle-
horum naem, in Englijh -Baftard Blade Wither .

and bears00} • v. , r

II Th Kinds. There are two Kinds hereof viz.
1 Hell?rafter-> Helleboraftrum maxim urn, Hellrbo-
rus nop maximus , Confiligo , The Greater Ballard
tellebor, or Bears-Foot, called alio Sen-: cr ,
and Sterwort- 2- He/Zeborafter , Hellebor ctjlrum
m’im hellebor us niger nothus minor , ^Tbe Letier
Black Hellebor, or Leffer Bears-Foot. i ' ; -

Jjus calls this Hclleborus ad'ulterinus Hortenfis , and
Confiligo minor l.ugdunenfis, hut the Helleborus ni
ger vulgaris Gefneri.

III. The Defcriptiojs. Th firft, or Greater Ba-
llard Black Hellebor. It has ] Jingle Root, with no-
thing fo many Strings growing to it at the True in
the former Chapter has and ofttntimes perijhcs after
it has given Seed, yetwt always, nor in all places-,
from this Root proced leveral lad green Leaves ,
each upon a long Footialk, which are divided into
feven or nine Leaves, ach of which are narrower
than thofe of the LeJJer^aftard Hellebor in the next
Section, a little dented bout the edges , but not fo
deeply as the LeJJer, and biding above Ground green
all the Winter , whereasthe following perifhes e-
very Year, and rifes aga\ in the fpring ; from a-
mong thefe Leaves (hoots -> a reafonable large and
tall Stalk, higher by half tin the Small following
with fuch like Leaves therei as grow below , but
fmaller up to the top , wheijt l'preads it felf out
into divers Branches, bearing , any hollow Cup-like
Flowers , divided at the brii; jnt0 five parts , but
do feldom fpread themfelves ten, of a whitilh yel-
low green color , fomewhat le the next Baftard
Kind, and fometimes purplifhbout the brims or
edges, with a green Head in thmiddle, and a few
white Threads about it, by whh it Teems to be
Veratrtm nigrum quantum peregnum Clufij : This
green Head growing to be the \Tel, wherein the
black Seed is contained, fhoots for jnt0 four, five,
or fix Horns, faihioned like the bowing Baftard
Kind, faving, that it is fmaller, as,e Seed alfo is
for the molt part; the whole Plant, ng every part
thereof; is of a worfefmell than the Uowing; the
Root of this, with the lower part of e Stalk next
to it, is of that Bears-foot , or Setter, rt ^ which
Country People ufe to Rowel their Caq with.

IV. The fecond, or Leffer Baftard Bla Hellebor.
It has Roots which are more ftringy, bla,dni{ f)arg
than the former in Chap. 548. it is in 1 ft things
like unto that True Black Hellebor, for it>ars alf0
many Leaves, as feven, eight , or nine , un (fi0rt

Stalks, divided into many parts, hut each of them
are longer and narrower, of a darker green color,
ant. dented on both tides, feeling fbmething hard ,
thefe perilli every Year, but rife again the nexc
Spring; the Flowers hereof ftand on higher Stalks
than the True, with fome Leaves on them alfo, yet
ray few , and are of a pale green color , like the
True m the former Chapter, but (mailer by half at
leaft, having likewife many greenilh yellow Threads
or Thrums in the middle, and fuch like Seed Veflels,
and blackilh Seed in them.

V. The Places. The firft grows, as Tragus fays
in the borders of Stoney Fields and Grounds alfo
on Rocky Hills, as by the Mofella and Rhine, alfo
in Sylva Harcynia, and as Rena lays, in Aquitane
in trance, _ and by the River Lanus at Montpelier ;
it grows Wild in many Woods and (liadowy places
in England, as alfo in almoft all our Gardens about
London, and ieveral other parts of thfe Kingdom ;
the fecond has been found in fome Woods in North-
amptonshire, and in other places of this Land, as al-
fo in fome places within' Eight or Ten Miles of
London.

VI. The Times. They both Flower in iebrnarv
or March , according as the preceeding Winter and
Spring Seafon are in mildnefs, and their Seed is ripe
in May , or towards June.

VII. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations
and Virtues of thefe Baftard Black Hellebor s are the
lame with thole of the True in the former Chap-
ter, fo that no other declaration need be made
thereof.

VIII. Obfervat. 1. That the Greater Baftard Black
Hellebor , Bears-foot, or Selterwort , was held by
Dodonsus to be a kind of venomous Aconite , or
Wooljs-bane , not to be ufed, and that it would kilt
Woolves, Foxes, Dogs, &c. I have known it ufed
in Decotfion to kill Worms ill the Belly, which it
would effeElually do, but it had a deleterious or
poyfonous quality, which fome Bodies could 110c
overcome, where it killed not the Patient, it would
indeed kill the Worms ; but it is fo dangerous a
Medicine , that it ought not to be internally ufed ,
but byd very Skilful and Prudent Hand, and yet
nothing fcarcely is more common to be ufed by Wo-
men in the Country than the Decoffion of this Herb
for the purpofe afordaid ; I knew a little Youth take
it to kill Worms, but it killed him firft; alfo a Wo-
man between Forty and Fifty Years of Age, ivhom
it killed in about three Hours time; at the fame
time, by a Womans Advice, the Decofdion Was gi-
ven to my felf, being then about Eight Years of Age,
but I met with a better Fate in the ufe thereof, yet
my danger was great , it vehemently Vomited’ me’,
and made me Heart-fick , to fiVooning away; the’
Vomiting being over, I revived, but it had fuch an
efteft upon me, that it made me loofe my Hair, and
Nails both of Fingers and Toes, and all the Skin of
my whole Body peeled off, from Head to Foot ;
whether my good hap was Irom the ftrength of my
Conftitution, or the fmall Dofe of the Medicine, I
leave others to determine, but from thefe bad eftefe
it is manifell that it is not very fate to be given, no
not to very ftrong Bodies, but outwardly applied it
may be of good uie,

IX. Obfervat. 2. That the Pouder of the Leaves
of this is much mote effeatiai than the Pouder of the
Leaves of the True in Chap. 348. Sell. ty. to all the
external Intentions and Purpofes there mentioned;
and that the Leaves of this ought rather to he choleu
than the Leaves of that, efofecially being applied or
put into the hole of an Illue; as is there directed ;
it is a wonderful thing to1 fee what a vaft quantity

S f f «

4#

Salmon’* 'Herbal. ILib. I

»t Humor it will draw away Horn all parts of the
Body lor many days together, doing ttoein what
Salivation it felf could never be able to petfom, “d
that in the moll deplorable , ftubbom .and ^ tebeU.^s
Difeafes , indeed it is beyond what Words can fpe •
The Root all'o ol this ufed as a Peffary , i 4,
more eftecdual than the Root of the efpecial

ly being put into a Ftftula , or part ,

any caliolity , becaufe it fo admirab y

Obfervdt. it. That the fecond Kind, or Leffer
Bad'ard Black H.tttbor, or Smaller
the great Experience which I have had thereof; is
much more Violent and churlilh in workmg, whe-
ther by Vomit or Stool, than the True Black He le
hr described in the former Chapter,
ture to give the Intufion of a Dram of the Root, bfr
bg irfnld all Night in Ponder in Whitt Wine or
Canary , to be drunk the next Morning
exhibited it powerfully prevails agamft all the Dif-
eafes which the True Hellebor is fad to be good
againll for which reafon there is no need, in this
place to repeat thole things again ; and the ufe of the
Fonder of the Leaves or Root are in like manner ufe-
ful in all outward Cafes for Scabs, old running Sores,
foul Ulcers, Fiftula’s, BV.

long Seed , fomewhat like unto Sweet Fennel Seed,
but not altogether fo big, nor fo yellow- ,

IV. The Jecond , or The Leffer Wild Black Helle-
bor Sanicle Leav’d. It hoe a /mail black fibrous
Root, like the former, from the head of which rile
up leveral linall and fomewhat round Leaves, every
one of them upon a long Foorltalk, being not much
broader than the Nail of a Mans Thumb, yet divi-
ded, even to the middle Rib, into feven parts, every
one of thefts being Ihort, narrow, ana dented about
the edges , the Sralks are many , and imail, not a-
bove ah Hand breadth high, with One or two Leaves
on them , more cut in and divided than the lower
are, at the tops of them hand feveral finall Flowers,
very thick fet together in Tufts ox Umbles, like un
to the Vaft, but fmaller, after wfich come fmall Hat
Seed, fomething like the former, but leffer by much,
as it is alfo in all the other pans thereof.

CHAP. CCCL.

Of HELLEBOR BLACK Wild.

I »-r-> H E Names. It is called in Greek 'Ev.‘C°e>‘
i in Latine Hellebonne nigras ,

Hellebores niger Sylveflris , and in Englijh Will

Black Hellebor. cun

II The Kinds. There are three Rinds ol Helle-
bonne nigra, viz. I. Hellebonne nigra SamcuU Fo-
lia major, Hellcborus niger Summit Folio major byl-
veftris. Summit fivmina Fuchftj , Afirantta mgr*
Gefneri, Ofleritwm Mont anion Tragi y Imperatona
nigra Tabernamontani , Elleborus niger, yel T era-
tntm nigrum Diofcoriilis , as Dodonitus thinks , The
Greater Wild Black Hellebor, or The Greater Hel-
leborine with Sanicle Leaves. i.EUebonne mgr a
minor , Hellcborus niger Samcult Folio minor Sylve-
jjrts The Leffer Sanicle Leav’d Wild Black Helle-
bor The Leffer Black Helleborine, or Wild Black
Hellebor. 3. helleborine nigra Ferulacea , Bupbthal-
mummajus AnguiUart Oujlj ,& alwrum Hellebo -
rum nigrum Ft tmcult Folio, FfeiMc leborus mger
Maltbioli ; Fennel Leav’d Wild Black Hellebor.

HI. The Defcriptions. The JirJl, or Greater Wild
Black Hellebor Sanicle Leav’d. It has a Root com-
pofed of f. mil black Strings , JhooUng forth from a
too head , like unto the Root c/Bears-Foot; from this
head of a Root come forth feveral broad dark green
Leaves, each of them growing upon a long Footftalk,
which are cut in on the edges into five divilions tor
the moil parr, and dented about betides, fomething
lefembling the Leaves of the Common Sanicle , but
more truly the Leaves of the Field Ranunculus or
Crowfoot , or Geranium Batrachoides , or Crowfoot
Cranes-bill ; from among which rife up feveral flen
der. fmoorh, gteen Stalks, having fome Leaves up
on them, and at the tops of them two, or three, or
more blowers together, each of them confifting of
many final!, hard, whitilh Leaves, as a pale border,
encorr.p lung many Threads in the middle, which
being lauen , there rile up many Hat, whitilh, and

V The third, or Enel Leav’d Wild Black Hel-
lebor Its Root confi of many long and black, fib
Strings fet together proceeding from one head,
very like unto the }her Black Hellebor, or Bears-
Fooc, in Chap. /foregoing, but harder,

ftiffer or more brill , andfeeming to be without any
moifture in them , t “hde and encreafe every Tear,
thf the Stalks witfreen Leaves do Annually perifh :
This Kind of WilP!ac & Hellebor lhoors forth many
green Stalks, Retimes lying or leaning to the
Ground, and Retimes ftandmg a little upright,
befet very thick** /mall Leaves,, finer and ihoiter
than Fennel fo6 03 them ending in a Tuft of inch
like fine green aves, ani fome having at their tops
one large W “piece, fomewhat reddilh or brown-
ilh on the ouae while they are in bud, and a while
nftpr whirheing open coniift of twelve or fourteen
lona’and n:ow keaves> of a fail lining yellow
color fet prder round about a green Head, with
yellow T**ms in the ‘middle , laying themfelves
open in t)Sun or a fair day, but eUe remaining
clofe- a1 *e H°wer ls P3® . *e Head growing

,ews it fclf, compaQ of many round whi-
greater, - ti(h

Chap. 351. ‘Englijh Herbs.

499

tilh Seed, very like unto the Head of Adonis Flower,
but much grater.

VI. The Places. The firft and fecond grow upon
Hills in Germany, and Mountains in Italy, on the
Alps, and Pyrnnean Hills ; the third grows, as Clu-
fws lays , near Vienna in Aujlria , and in both the
Upper and Lower Hungary but they all three grow
with us here in England only in Gardens , where
they flourilh very well.

VII. The Times. The two firft flower not in
Winter, but in Summer Months, as in May and
June , and they abide green all the Year through ;
the third Flowers in April , if the Weather is warm,
and its Seed ripens in the Month following.

VIII. The Qualities , Specification,, Preparations
and Virtues agree exaQly with thole of the True
Pdack Hellebor in Chap. 348. aforegoing, and there-
fore need not be repeated again in this place.

IX. Qbfervat. I. AJlrantia nigra, the firft of the
aforegoing, is doubtlels no Mafterworf, as the pur-
ging faculty does (hew, and it is certain, and leve-
ral Experienced Phylicians can teftify, that the Roots
hereof do purge Melancholy, and other Humors, and
that they have perfeflly cured Melancholy Mad
People therewith; and that it has this Purging Fa-
culty, Gc finer does likewife teftify in a certain Epi-
ftle written to Adolphus Occo , in which he Ihews
that Alirantia nigra, or Greater Wild Black Helle-
bor with Sanicle Leaves , is almoft as ftrong as While
Hellebor, and that he himfelf had made Experiment
of the Purging Faculty thereof by Stool, which
tiling befpeaks it to be a Black Hellebor, if not the
True of Diojcorides.

X. Obfervat. 2. Dodonaus luppoles this Greater
Sanicle Leav'd Black Hellebor to be Helleborus verus
Diofcoridis , (in which I am of Opinion he was de-
ceived) and therefore afcribes all the Virtues of the
True Black Hellebor which grows in Anticyra to it ;
but in a word, this may be faid of it, that it has
been found by often and good Experience to open
and Purge the Body of Melancholy Humors, and
that lafely , without fuch perturbation and trouble
as is faid to be in the ufe of the other Black Helle-
bore.

CHAP. CCCLI.

Of HELLEBOR White,

O R,

SNEEZE-ROOT. v

H E Names. It is called in Arabick Charba-
X chem , in Greek 'i-hxtGo&t Aet/x3f, in Latine
Helleborus albus , Veratrum album , and Sanguis Her-
culeus , in Englijh White Hellebor , and Sneezcroot.

II. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. i. Garden
or True, called limply Helleborus albus , Elleborum
album , and Veratrum album , of which in this Chap-
ter. 2. Helleborine , vel Elleborine alba , Wild
White Hellebor, of which in Chap. 952.

ID. The Kinds of the Garden or True. Its two-
iold, viz. t . Helleborus albus , Helleborus albus ve-
nts, Helleborus albus vulgaris , Veratrum album vul-
Helleborus Candidas , and Bauhinus adds for
diftin&ion lake Flore fub viridi and it is certainly
the Confiligo Vegetij, Abfyrtifolumelk Flinij , The

Common White Hellebor. 2. Helleborus albus / rx~
cox , Elleborum Flore atro rubcnlc , Veratrum album
pr acox purpura nigricante , The early Flowering
White Hellebor, or Early Sneezeroot with dark red
Flowers.

Hellebor.

IV. THe Defcriptions. The firft, or Common
White Hellebor. It has a Root which is great , and
reafonablc thick at the head, having a number of great
white Strings, running down deep into the Ground,
by which it is ftrongly fftned% this Plant riles ;tt
firft out of the Ground with a great, round, whitilh
green Head , which growing up opens it felt' into
many goodly, fair, large, green Leaves, plaited aS
it were with eminent Ribs all along the Leaves,
compaffing one another at the bottom , from the
middle whereof rifes up a ftrong round Stalk, with
feveral fuch like Leaves, but imaller, to the middle
thereof, from whence to the top it is divided into
many Branches , having many fmall yellowifh or
whitilh green Star like Flowers all along upon them,
which being paft away turn into linall, long, three-
fquare, whitilh Seed , Handing naked, without any
Head or Husk to contain them , thd’ iome Authors
have Wrote to the contrary.

V. The fccond, or Early Flowering White Helle-
bor. It has no fuch tuberous headed Root at the for-
mer, but eu it were a long bulbous fcaly head, front
whence Jhoot as many long white Strings as the 'other :
This Hellebor is very like that juft now deferibed'
but that it fprings up a Month at leaft before ir, and
that the. Leaves are broader, longer, thinner, and no
lels plaited , folding themfelves backwards often-
times , and fooner perilh , falling away from the
Plant; the Stalk hereof is higher than the other,
with fewer Leaves thereon, bearing fuch likeStrny
Flowers, but of fo dark or blackilh a red color, that
they are icarcely dilcernable, but at a near diftance,
after which come frnall Seed, very like the former;
both thefe Plants k>fe their Leaves wholly , irelh
fpringing up again every Year.

Sffi

VI. The

u\

OO

Salmon s HerhaL Lib. L

VI. The Places. Both thefe grow in feveral pla-
ces of Germany and Auliria, as Chifius fays, as alio
in Come of the llhnds. about Ruffin, where a large
Shin might be Freighted with the Roots of the ir
or vulgar fort, as Tradejeant the Elder affirmed,
it alio is faid to grow on the Alps, and > fhoh like
Mountains where Gentian grows-. Geiaid fays that
the Bilhop of Xone.ch told him that While Helk-
bor grows in a Wood of his own, near to hrs Houfe
,nl\ertnich: Some fay likewile (lays he) that it
glows upon the Mountains in Wales-, this, tho he
End it upon report, yet he thought it might be true
but they both ate generally nuried up in Gardens in

£/ViTt he Timer. The firft Flowers before the
feconci tho’ the fecond Ipnngs earlier out of the
Ground; the firft Flowers in May , the fecond in

""viil. Tl:c Qualities. It is hot and dry in the third
degree, Aperitive, Abfterlive, Splenetick, Arthittick,
Gathartick, Emerick, and. \ enehek. .

IX The Specification. White Helkbor is peculiar
for curing the Kings Evil, Dropfie .Scurvy Jaun-
dice Gour, Sciatica, Rheumatifm, Frenzy, Melan
choly, Madnefs, Falling-Sicknefs, old running Sores,
Ulcers, and FUtula’s-

X The Preparations. Neither leaves, Flowers,
nor Seed of this Plant have been in ufe at any time,
but the Root only, fo far as ever I could learn by
Reading of Authors, or from the Prafttces of other
Men ■ and from the Root the following Preparations
may be made. I . A Ponder of the Root unprepared.

2. A Ponder of the Root prepared. ^ The Juices}
the Root. a. Mel EUeboratum. 5- Oxymel blleba-
rattta. 6. Elleborifmus. 7 Alston. 8. A Vene-
lick 9. A Spirituous Ttntfure. 10. An Oily T tn-\
dure. 'it. A Saline TinSurc. 12. A Pefiary, or
Tent. 13. ji Sternutatory.

The Virtues.

XI. The fimple Pouder of the Root. It works ve-
ry itrongly and churliihly with any that (hall take
ft, provoking llrong Vomitings, not much inferior
to Poyfon, yet being given to very ftrong Conkitu-
tions, and with convenient preparations of the Body
before hand , and Dieted by advice, as Diofcondes
diretts, it may do much good; it caufes an evacua-
tion of much tough, vifeous, clammy, and. corrupt
Humors which offend the Stomach, it provokes
Womens Courfes , hut is to be forborn by Women
with Child, for it will kill the Ptetus-, it removes a
deep Melancholy, even Eury, or Madnefs , abating
the peccant Humors, and giving eafe to the Patient ^
it prevails alfo againft the Falling-Sicknefs, Lethar-
gy Megrim, Cephahra, or old Headach , Scabs,
itch, Tettars, Ringworms, Pufhes, Herpes, Lepro-
fie Scurf, Morphew , or any other deformities of
the Skin, Quartan Agues, Phthificks, old Coughs,
Dropfies . Jaundice, Sciatica, Gout, Rheumatifm,
Vertigo , and other Difeafes of like kind. Dofe
from eight Grains to twelve, or fixteen, in Syrup
of Quinces, or Juice of the fame mixed with White
Wine; it is not to be given faffing, but a little after
eating, and always to robuff and very ftreng Bodies,
with ciireflion to drink live, iix, or more Quarts of
Poffet-Drink, Water-Gruel, or Mutton Broth inrhe
time of its working, and after Vomiting (till to drink
a hearty draught of Poffet-Drink, 0c. thereby to
keep the Stomach always full , for by this means it
works 1b much the eafier; but becaule of the extra-
ordinarv danger of it, I (hould never advife the un-
skilful or unlearned to give it thus crude and unpre-
pare.l, but rather to make ufe of the following Pre-

l

paration , which will do full as well , and operate
much more fafely.

XII. The Pouder of the Root prepared. It is done
by ajfufion of Water, impregnated -with Spirit or Oil
of Vitriol, (after the dijfolution of Coral) upon the
Root reduced to Pouder, digefling for twenty four
Hours, and drying it, and repeating the Work the
fecond and third time. Dofe from half a Scruple to
half a Dram. It is the nature of Acids to deffroy
the power of any mixture whatfoever , and if they
will do it in Antimonial Preparations, as in thecot-
reEtion of Flowers of Antimony, Vitrum Antimonij,
Mercurius Vita, 0c. much more may it be fup-
pofed to be done in Vegetable produEtions; and
therefore as Vegetables ate more porous and apt
for penetration than Metals or Minerals, fo a Weaker
Acid may be imployed in the performance of that
Work ; for if the ftrongelt Acids, as Oils of Vitriol,
Salt, Sulphur, 0c. were made ufe of, they would
totally enervate and deffroy all the faculties and ope-
ration of the Vegetable they fhould be applied to or
mixed withal. This Preparation is fafe enough, and
in many will work only downwards , but in weak
Stomachs, and where the Tone of Pt&Vifcera is de-
bilitated or much weakened it will (notwithftanding
all this Preparation) work upwards; in this cafe the
Dofe ought to be a little larger, for the former Dofe
will only make Sick, and fcarcely induce Vomiting,
whereby the Patient will truly be made more Sick
and out of order (for want of its due operation) than
if a larger Dofe had been given; it is defigned a-
gainft Melancholy, and all the efforts of a Manical
difpofition of the Mind; it removes Vapors , and
helps obftru Elions of the Spleen and Hypochondets,
reftoring the Imagination and Reafon to their right
ftations and habitudes-, in a word, it has all the
Virtues of the crude Pouder mentioned in the lall
I SeElion, and may he given to all thofe purpofes and
intentions, but with much more fafety.

XIII. If you give it only as Cathartic/: you may-
give it thus. Take Jal/ap, Scammony , of each fix
Grains , of this prepared hel/ebor from ten Grains
to twenty, mix them for a Dofe. Or thus. Make
an Infufion of Sena half an Ounce in half a Pint of
White Wine, firain out, then add the prepared Pou-
der of Helkbor from half a Scruple to half a Dram,
(according to Age and Strength) and let it be taken
in the Morning fafiing, againft Melancholy, Madnefs,
Gout, Sciatica, 0c.

XIV. If you defign it for a Vomit , you may give

it either per fie in any proper Vehicle, from fifteen
Grains to two Scruples, or you may compound it as
follows. Take the prepared Pouder of Helkbor of ore-
going from half a Scruple to half a Dram, Tartar
Emetick from one Grain to two , mix for a Dofe , to
be given in the Morning falling , with all the pre-
cautions of a Vomit. . , ,

XV. Another Preparation of the Root. Moll Au-
thors prepare it by Dicing it very thin, or heating it
into Pouder, and infilling it in juice of Quinces,
(which is faid to be a true correElor of its venene
quality) for twenty four Hours, drying of it, and re-
peating the Infufion again the fecond or third time-,
being thus prepared, it may be given from ten Grains
to twenty Grains in any proper Vehicle to all the
purpofes and intentions before Ipecified : V ou may
alfo prepare it by ileeping it twenty four Hours in
Wine Vinegar, it will be pretty well correEted by a
fingle Infufion, and may he given from halt a Scruple
to half a Dram.

XVI. The Juice of the Root. If tt is mixed with
Juice of Quinces, or with Wine Vinegar, it may be
infpiffated, and afterwards given inwardly to ad tin-
intentions and purpofes aforelaid. The Liquid Juice
mixed with Flower and Honey, and let where Hi-- ■

Gnat';.

Chap. 351. aW£ ngtijh Herbs. 5 o 1

Gnats &c. come, it kills them upon the fpot; mix-
ed. with Crumbs of Bread, Cheele, and butter, and
fet in proper places, it kills Rats, Mice, and the
like; if Hens, Ducks, or Geefe Ihould chance to eat
it it would quickly kill them; being made up into a
Mats with Meal and Butter, and put into Mole
Holes or their Burrows , it will quickly cleitroy
them: The Liquid Juice dropt into the Ears takes
away the noife and finging in them, and kills Worms
in that Organ, if any be, which is known by their
extraordinary itching, and fometimesby a pain in the
Ear ■ mixed with White Wine in equal quantities it
' is good to cleanfe the Hands; or other parts of the
Skin troubled with Scurf, Motphew, Leprofie, Tqt-
tars. Ringworms, Herpes, Scabs, Itch, Freckles, Len-
tils, and other like deformities thereof
XVII. Mel Elleboratum. Honey Helleborated, or
impregnated with the Virtues of Hellebor. T akc
Roots of White Hellebor .dryed and cut a Pound, fair
Water fourteen Ounces , digeft three days, then baft
gently till the half be confumed, ft rain it carejully
out, and with clarified Honey three Pounds boil again
to the confiftence of Honey. It is a ftrong Medica-
ment, and to be given but in a fmall Dole, viz.
fiom one Dram to two , or but three at molt ; it is
prevalent againft Melancholy, Dotage, Frenzy, Mad-
nefs. Gout, Sciatica, Rheumatifm, Dtopfie, Lethar-
gy, Vertigo, Palfie, Apoplexy, Epileptic, and fuch
like defperate difaffeUions ; you may mix it with
clarified Whey , or DecoUion of Sena , or Epnhy-

XVIII. Oxymel Elleboratum. Honey and Vinegar
impregnated with Hellebor. Wake Leaves of Rue,
tops of Tyme, Dittany of Crete, tops of Hyjfop, Pen-
nyroyal, Horchound, Car duus. Roots of Celtick J\ard,
of each a handful, Calamint two Pugils, Seeds of
Anifc Bafil. , Dill, Fennel , Roman Nettles, of each
two Drams, Roots of Angelica, Aron, Squills prepa-
red Birthwort long, round, and climbing, toft us,
flovoerdeluce , Polypody, Turbith , Union Peels, of
each an Ounce, Strings of Black Hellebor , Spurge
Asrick (added towards the end of the boding) of
7% two Drams, Strings of the Roots, of White Helle-
bor four Drams , all being dryed and bruifed digeft in
a Glafs or glazed Veffel clofe ftopt in the heat of the
Sun, or of a Furnace, inPofca, (which is a mixture
made of equal parts of Wine Vinegar and Water) eight
Pounds Rob or Sapa two Ounces, three days digeft ion
being paft, boil it gently till it is wafted a little more
than half away, ftrain it, preffing it. gently and to
the Brained Liquor add Honey cfRofes, (in which
Citron Peels two Ounces have been infufed) a Pound
and half, boil to the fbicknefs of Honey , and with
Cloves, Saffron, Ginger, Galangal, Mace, of each a
Dram aromatize it according to Art. It is Emetick,
and ought to be given after other general Remedies,
being then profitable againft Madnefs, Frenzy, Epi-
leplie. Apoplexy, Convulsions, Melancholy, Verti-
go Lethargy, Megrim, obftruaions of the Stomach,
Liver Spleen, Mefentety, Reins, and Womb it
■crovokes Urine and the Coutfes, and is prevalent
againft Agues. Dofe four or fix Drams to an Ounce
in a Glafs of White Wine.

XIX Another Oxymel Hellebor itum. 1 ake

Strings of Black Hellebor well bruifed half an Ounce,
Strings of White Hellebor well bruifed an Ounce
Wine Vinegar, Juice of Quinces, Barfly Water of
each three Pints and half. Winters Cinnamon , Ja-
maica Pepper, both in Pbuder, of each two Ounces,
mix, digeft in a Glafs Veffel in a gentle Sand heat
for four days, then boil gently m Balneo till almojt
half is wafted away, ftrain out, and to the Liquor aid
clarified Honey three Pounds, Cremor Tartar in fine
Ponder one Pound , boil to the confiftence of Honey,
being cold add Chymical Oil of Limons one Ounce, mix

well, and keep it in a Veffel clofe ftopt for ufe. This
Preparation lias not the tenth pare of the trouble and
difficulty of the former, yet is double in its elletls
and operations , having all the Virtues al'eribed to
the former; you may give it from half an Ounce to
an Ounce, or more, "according to Age and Strength.

XX. Elleborifmus, or an Electuary of Wiiite Hel-
lebor. Take While Hellebor Root out thin one Pound,
Spring Water twelve Pounds, digeft warm three whole
Jays, then boil to the conjunction of the half , ftrain
out, preffing it Jlrong/y, adding Honey three Pounds,
boil it again to the confiftence of Honey ; this E/ctfu-
ary put into a Glafs or glazed Veffel and keep it for
ufe. This is no Electuary, but rather a Loiioch;
it cures Melancholy, Frenzy, andMadnels, and is
appropriated to all the Difeafes the two former Pre-
parations ate applied to; it may be given from two
Drams to four, or more, in a Glafs of White Port
Wine.

XXI. The Lotion. The Root very thinly faced,
or in grofs Ponder boiled in Vinegar , or in Juice of
Qiiinces , or in an equal mixture of both , makes an
excellent Gargle for a Canker in the Mouth, as alfo
to eale the pains of the Toothach; it is alfo good
againft Tanning of the Skin, Sunburning, yeUownefs
of the Skin, Scurf; Morpheiv , Scabs, Itch, Lepio-
fie. Freckles, Lentils, and other like defeedations of
the Cutis ; it alfo cleanfes and drys old running Sores,
foul Ulcers, callous Fiftula’s, and the like, in the
Legs, Thighs, Feet, Arms, Hands, &c. and is alfo
of good uie againft Kings-Evil Sores; if it is boiled
in Lye made of Pot Afhes it kills Lice in the Head,
being walked therewith Morning and Evening, and
heals running Sores and Scabs of the Head , Scald
Heads, Kings-Evil Sores, &e. being often walhed
therewith , and a little kind of Cataplafm be alfo
laid thereon made in this manner. Take fine Ponder
of White Hellebor Root two Ounces, Wheat or Barley
Flower fix Ounces , Honey enough to make it up ini a
a Cataplafm , mix and apply it ; feme inltead of the
Honey ufe frefti Butter , fome Hogs Lard, others
White Bread fbftned with Milk, (ye.

XXII. The Vencfick. Take the juice of White
Hellebor Roots, put it into a Horn, or foinc wooden
Cup, and let it ferment for fome little time. Take a
Needle and Thread and wet them therein, and draw
it thro’ a Frog, or Chicken, and if it die prefently it
is good and ready, if not, you muft ferment it for
fome little time longer , till it will upon tryal ex-
quifitely perform that Work. This is the Poylbrl
the Spaniards ufe in poyfoning their Arrow heads ,
they dip their Arrow heads therein, and then what
Beall foevet (hall be Wounded therewith fhall fud-
denly die. This thing Matthiolm fays he tried on
Dogs and on Chickens, which died prefently after
they Were Wounded. This Poyfon is only ufed while
it is frefh, for if the juice drys upon the Arrow head
ir lofes its ftrength, and therefore to keep them the
better they ufe to keep them in a Cafe, the Iron
heads being wrapped in Wool, and Cloths dipt there-
in. But this is very admirable, as it is related, that
this Poyfon being drank gives almoft no harm to
them that drink it, unlels they take too much; and
it is Paid that Hunters often take it themfielves , to'
purge them from evil Humors, and preferve theft
Healths. This is alfo remarkable, that the Flfclh of
thofe Bealls killed by this Poyfon is not in the lea It
huttful, but is more tender and pleafant in eating
than the Flefh of other BcaftS not k died therewith,
more efpecially that part about the Wound.

XXIII. fibe Spirituous Tiltilure. It ought tu be
corrected with Vinegar , or fume of Quinces, added
in equal quantity after tre Finis are is made, and
kern in VftrfUcn in a gentle Sand heat for one whole

‘ Month

5°2

Salmon’ s “Herbal. Lib. I.

i ■ ' j •

Month or more. Being thus prepared, it may be 1 r„£X5i> Obferoathn. That the Black and
riven inw’rdlv for all thofe Difeal'es the Ponder it While Hellebore much fympathize together, with
felt is good for , it works much gentler, and may "> ’”*"•* *'>* """ J~

, . D i- l ip . fhrpo nr fnnr

be given from half a Dram to two, three or four
Drams, mixt with any convenient Vehicle, as lnarp
Wine mixt with Water, &c. Outwardly, it is good
againlt Freckles, Lentils, Pimples, Scurft, Morphew,
and other Breakings out in the Skin. .

XXIV. T be Oily Tmthire. It is good againlt

Contra&ures of the Nerves, Pains ol the Joints,
Gout, Sciatica, Cfc. being anointed upon the Parts
affliaed Morning and Night for feme time. A-
nointed upon the Reins, it gives Eale in Pains ot
the Back proceeding either from vV eakneis or Ub-
Itruaions of thofe Parts. It digefts and haltens the
Maturation of Tumors which Nature determines to
break. .

XXV. T be Saline Tmftitre. It is a peculiar thing
againlt Scurff, Morphew, Dropfy, Elephantiafis,
Pufhes, Pimples, Tettars, Ring-worms, Kings-evil
Sores, Pocky-eruptions, Herpes, Itch, Scabbinefs,
Freckles, Lentils, Yellownefs and other Vices of the
Skin. It may be ufed either limply of it felf, or
mixt with Vinegar, lharp Wine or Water, accord-
ing to the Nature and Condition of the Part to
which it is applied. It alfo eafes the Gout and. Sci-
atica, being bathed hot upon the Parts affected
Morning and Night for fome time.

XXVI. The Peffary or Tent . Being put into a-
nv Callous Fiftula, or up the Womb, where the
Vagina is Callous, it foftens and refolves the Calloli-
ty, mundifies the Filfula or Ulcer, and takes away
the Callous Matter which hinders duration y after
which the Ulcer may be healed with fome incarna-
tive Balfam or Ointment fit for the purpofe. I
have been told, that if it is put up the Womb as a
Pelfarv it provokes the Terms, and brings away
the dead Child •, but it ought to be ufed with Cau-
tion and good Advice.

XX VII. T he Sternutatory. I. Some make it of
the fine Pouder or Flower of the Root alone ; but
fo ufed, it is much too fttong. 2. Some make it
thus ; lit fine flower or Yonder of White hellebor
Rons, Yonder of Rofemary, of Sweet Marjoram, and
of Winter Savory, of each equal farts ; mix them.
5. Some make it thus : Si fine Youder of Tobacco,
or rather of Tobacco Stalks, three Ounces-, Youder of
Rofemary flowers an Ounce and half ■ Youder of Cloves
one Ounce ; fine Youder of White Hellebor Root fix
Drams ■, mix and keep them jor \Jfe. Being fnuft
up the Noltrils, it caufes much Sneezing, and eva-
cuates the Head and Brain of cold, moilt, vifeous
Humors and Feculencies, and is very good againlt
Vertigo’s, Megrims, Head-aches, Lethargies, Apo-
plexies, Falling-ficknefs, and other cold and moilt
Difeafes of thofe Parts.

XXVIII- Conradus his Vomit. Take Roots of
White Hellebor one Ounce , wafhftry and pouder them
Roots of Bryony and Sowbread in pouder , of each two
Drams 1 add Spirit of Wine fo much or to overtop
them two Inches or more : dig eft in Balneo for twen-
ty four hours , then diftil by an Alembick , take out
the Farces, heat them, and add the Spirit drawn off:
digeft a Week in a cloje Veffel, then decant the clear,
filter and h ep it for Ufe. Dip a Feather in it, and
put it into a Gla'fs of Sack, and drink it-, repeating
it as you fee occafion.

XXIX. Heurnius his Vomiting-Wine. Take
prof 's Pouder of White Hellebor Roots a Scruple -, Ca-
nary one Pint : mix, and infufe in the Sun for a
Week. One Spoonful of it will Vomit ^ but half a
Spoonful, with other Laxatives, will purge down-
wards, and evacuate cold, vifeous, flimy and griping
Humors out of the Bowels, Hypochonders and Parts
■ adjacent.

relation to their Virtues ^ and what the one will do,
the other will do alfo but the latter much more
powerfully, and with far greater Violence, infomuch
that by reafon of its Violence, and dangerous Ufe,
the Internal Practice with the Root of White HclL-

bor uncorre&ed, is wholly almoft given over, and
left off : otherwife, as to the Virtues and feverai
Preparations of the True black Hellebor in Chap.
348. aforegoing, the fame things in a manner may
be faid of the True White, with Advantage.

CHAP. CCCLIL

Of HELLEBOR White Wild.

I. 'T' HE Names . It is called in Greek , 'E\Ki€b&s

X tevKot ayei@- : in Latin, Hellebores alb us fyl-
veftris , Elleborine alba agrejtis and in Englijh ,
Wild White Hellebor.

II. The Kinds. I. Elleborine recentiorumClufii ■,
Elleborine alba major , Calceolus mans, Calceolus Ma-
riam# Elleborine ferruginea Lugdunenfis, Da/e-
champij Alifmatis Species Gefneri & Tbalij • Da-
mafonium nothum , and P feudodamafonium aliorum
The great wild white Hellebor, called alfo Ladies
Slipper. 2. Elleborine minor florc albc, Elleborine
alba minor Alifma Damafonium, and Epipattis a-
liorum -, The leffer wild white Hellebor with a
white Flower. 3. Elleborine alba minor pur pur ante
flore. The leffer wild white Hellebor with blufh
Flowers. 4. Elleborine alba flore Viridunte , Wild
white Hellebor with whitifti-green Flowers. $. El-
leborine alba Americana , American wild white Hel-
lebor.

III. The Defcriptions. The firff, or Great wild
white Hellebor, or Ladies Slipper. It has a Root
compqfed of a number of Strings, interlacing theni-
Jelves one within another, lying within the upper
Cruft of the Earth , and not fpreading deep, of a dark
brownifh color. This Root fends up one, two, or
more Stalks, a Foot and half high, bearing broad
green Leaves on each fide, one by one, fomewhat
like thole of the Vulgar true white Hellebor, but
fmaller, and not fo ribbed, and each comparing the
Stalk at the lower end. At the top of the Stalks
Hands fometimes but one Flower, and fometimes
two, or but three at moft, one above another, upon
fmall fhort Foot-ftalks, with a fmall Leaf at the
foot cf every one. Each of thefe Flowers are of a
long oval Form, and hollow withal, efpecially at
the upper part, the lower being round, and fwelling
like a Belly : at the hollow part there are pieces
like Ears or Flippers, which at firft do cover that
hollow place, and afterwards ftand apart one from
another, all which are of a fine pale yellow color in
moft Plants but fome have been found of a brown-
er color, as tending to purple. There are alfo four
long, narrow and dark colored Leaves, at the let-
ting on of the Flower upon the Stalk, wherein the
Flower, as it were, at the firft was enclofed. The
whole Flower is of a pretty fweet Smell : the Seed
is very fmall, and like unto that of the Ordhtdcs or
Dog-Jtones , and is contained in the like kind cf
Pods.

IV. The fecond, or Leffer wild white Hellebor
with a white Flower. It has Roots like the forma ,
but J, mailer : and this fmall Plant grows up in 1 ike

m inner.

Chap. 348. ‘Englifh 'Herbs . 50 3

manner, and nor much lower, bearing the like
Leaves, but fmaller, and of a white green color,
much like thofe of Lilly Convally. The top of the
Stalk has many more Flowers, but leffer, growing
together Spike-faihion, with fmali Ihort Leaves at
the Stalk of each Flower, which confifts of five
fmali white Leaves, with a fmali clofe Hood in the
middle, without any Smell, and having alfo like
Seed.

V. T be thirds or Small wild white Hellebor with
blufh Flowers. The Roots , Stalky Leaves , flowers
and Seed as alfo its Manner of Growing , are all
■much like the lajl but herein this differs from that,
that the Leaves hereof are narrower than thofe, and
the Stalk and Flowers are fmaller, the Flowers in this
being of a pale purplifh or blufti color, with very
fmali dufty Seed.

VI. The fourth , or Wild white Hellebor with
whitifli green Flowers. This is alfo one of the fmali
kinds of the Wild white, and differs not much from
the luff cither in its Root , Stalk, Leaves , Flowers
or Seed , but only in the Color of its Flower for
whereas that was of a blufh color, this is greenifh-
colored oh the outfide, and of a whitifh color with-
in, with like fmali Seed.

VII. The fifths or American wild white Hellebor.
This is a Species of the firft Great kind of Wild
white Hellebor, or Ladies Slipper which fort has
been brought to us from the Northern parts of A-
merica , and differs in this only. That it is greater in
Its Stalks, Leaves and Flowers, which are not yel-
low, but white, with reddilh Strakes thro5 their
^Bellies.

VIII. The Places. The firft four grow not only

beyond Sea, as in Germany , Aujlria , Hungaria -, but
alfo are found Wild in many places of England. The
fourth particularly in a Wood called the He Iks' in
Tancaflnre , near the Borders of TorkJhire. The
fifth grows in the Northern parts of America , as
New-England, New-Tork, Maryland . The fecond

was found in the Woods by D/gaW-Paitures, halt a
Mile from Welwen in Hertfordshire -, it grows alfo
in a Wood five Miles, from London , near a Bridge
called Lock-bridge •, and by Robin Hood's Well -, in
the Woods by Dunmore in Effex -, by Southfleet in
Kent , in a little Gro.ve of f uniter and in a Wood
by Clare in Effex.

IX. The Times. The firft flowers about the mid^
die of June the other four in the Month of May,
and if the Weather proves cold, in the beginning of
June : fome earlier and fome later than others, ac-
cording to the Richnefs of the Soil, and Warmth
of the Situation ; and perfect their Seed in Au-

X. The Vitalities, Specification , Preparations and
Virtues of thefe, are the very fame with thofe of
the True black and True white Hellebors in Chap. 7, 48.
and Chap. 351. aforegoing, tho5 poflibly not full out
fo ftrong, and therefore the more fit, and the rather
to be chofen for the more vulgar Life.

XI. An Obfervation. The fecond of thefe is fap-
pofed to be the Epipattis of Di of cor ides •, but if ei-
ther that or any of the two following be it, he lays
it is good again!! the Diftempers of the Liver, and
againlt Poifon, and to procure Vomiting, which
Tkeophraflus alfo affirms : and Gerard fays, that the
DecoCtion of Wild white Hellebor being drunk, 0-
peris the ObftruCtions of the Liver, and helps any
Imperfections of the fame. This is certain, That
the Juice, or a very ftrong DecoCtion of any ot'
them is good to wafh and bathe the Skin withal,
in order to the taking away of Scurff, Morphevv,
Scabs, Itch, Leprofy, Herpes, Pimples, Freckles, Len-
tils, Yellownefs of the Skin, or any other Defedati-*
on thereof

CHAR CCCLIII.

Of HELME T-F LOWERj

0 R,

MONK S-H O O D.

1. '“1“' H E Names. It may be called in Greek ,

JL : in Latin , Nape Hits , Thor a, and Cap*
pa alfo Lappa Monachi , and Luparia : in Englijh ,
Helmet-flower and Monks-hood.

II. The Kinds. It is a Species, or of the Stock
of the Aconita or Wolfs-bane ■, and is manifold ^ bilt
thofe which we {hall take notice of^ are only the
three following, viz. 1. Napoli us Vents, (Verus is
added becaufe it is the True Napellus of the Anei-
entSj which they fo termed from the Form, of a long
Turnep , called Napus in Latin : ) Capph , Lf Cappa
Monachi, The true Helmet-flower, or Monks-hood.

2. Napellus minor, Lycottonum c&ruleum parvum
facie Napelli Lobeljj, Thor a It alien Gefneri Cf Ban -
him ■, Aconitum Lycottonum 'tertium caruleum par-
vum Dodonai -, Aconitum decimum Clufij, The fmali
blew Helmet-flower, or Monks-hood. 3. Napellus
tertius Bauhini , Napellus purpureus -, Aconitum
neubergenfe Clufij , The purple Helmet-flower, or
Monks-hood.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or True Helmet-
flower, or Monks-hood ; its Roots are brown iff on
the outfide, and white within , fomewhat big, and
round above , and fmali downwards , Jomething tike

10

1; •:

!

f H' Is

SaimonV Herbal.

Lib. L

t„ J Jmdl Carrot Root, ' or not much unlike to a long
Turnep : end fometimes two of them ore joined ot the
Hood toeei her. This Root fends fortli divers Leave!
of ;t freili green color on the upper fide, and greyilh
underneath, much fpread abroad, and cut into many
Siices and Notches, more than any of the IVotjs-
Iieiies. The Stalk rifes up two or three Feet high,
beiet to the top with the like Leaves, but fmaller.
l !:e top is fometimes divided into two or three
Branches, but more ufually without, on which
{land many large Flowers, one above another,
Form very like unto a Hood or open Helmet, being
competed of five Leaves, tire uppernroft of which,
and the greateft below is like unto an Helmet or
Head-piece ; two other fmall Leaves are at the fides
of the Helmet, doling it like Cheeks, and come
fomewhat under \ and two others, which are the
Imallelf, hang down like Labels, or as if a clofe
Helmet was opened, and feme pieces hung by, of a
perfett or fair blew color, ( but grow darker, having
itood long) which caufes it to be nurfed up in Gar-
dens, that their Flowers, as was ufual informer
Times, and yet is in many Country Places, may be
laid up among green Herbs in Windows, and put in
Pots to Hand in Chimneys, in the Summer time.
But tho’ they may be thus entertained for their Beau-
ty, and put to the Ufes aforefaid, yet you mull be-
ware that they come not near your Tongue or Lips,
lclt they difeover, to yout Colt and Peril, their vi-
rulent, potfonous and dangerous Qualities. In the
middle of the Flower, when it is open, and gapes
wide, are feen certain fmall Threads, like Beards,
Handing about a middle Head ; which, when the
Flower is pall, grows into three ot four or more
lmall blackifil Pods, containing black Seed within
them.

Helmet-Flower.

green, Ihining Leaves, cut into five Partitions very
deeply, each of them fomewhat cut in on the edges,
very like unto the Leaves of the Greater or Trite
Helmet-flower, but that thefe are not fo finely divi-
ded, and the Divifions are fomewhat broader. The
top of the Stalk is divided into two or three Branch-
es^ each whereof bears one Flower, and fometimes
( tho’ feldom ) two or three , of a very fair deep
blewifli purple color, very like in Form unto the
former Helmet flower, but that this is fmaller, and
the Creft of the Helmet rifes higher than in that ^
after which come fmall Pods, much like to the o-
ther, giving alfo fuch like Seed.

V. T be third , or Purple Helmet-flower. It ha s
Roots m/tch like to the Jirjl , or True kind : it has
larger Leaves than the other, of a ladder green co-
lor, and Ihining withal, incifed or cut in after the
fame manner : the Stalk alfo grows very high, and
often fpreads it felf out into feveral Branches, bear-
ing large purple blew Flowers, in longer Spikes than
the firft •, which being paffed away, like Seed comes
in their places, not much differing from the for-
mer.

VI. The P laces. They all grow naturally Wild
on Mountains, and in Woods and lhadowy places
in Italy, Germany and other places : and it is faid,
that they grow upon fome Hills in England : howe-
ver, with us they are chiefly nurfed up in Gardens,
where they flourilh extraordinarily well.

VII. The Times. They all flower in the princi-
pal Summer Months, viz. in June and July *, and
their Seed is generally ripe in Auguff.

VIII. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in
the Ultimate of the fourth Degree ^ Deleterious,
and a moft mortal Poifon both to Man and Beaft
and therefore they are called Wolfs-bane , becaufe
they kill Wolves, Dogs, Rats, Mice, & c. whether
the Juice of the Herb or Root, or the Herb or Root
it felf, being mixed with their Food or Flelh, and
fo eh en them to eat. And that this Monks-hood as
well as Wolfs-bane is as deftruftive to Mankind alfo,
is manifefl: from that accidental Tryal had thereof
at Antwerp , at a Treat there, where certain igno-
rant PerDns gathering of a Sallet in the Garden, a-
mong the Variety of Herbs, gathered alfo Napellm
or Luparia , which with the other things was ferved
up at Table ; where all who did eat thereof, were
taken with molt cruel Symtoms j and after the vio-
lent Tortures which they endured for fome confide -
rable time, died miferably.

IX. The Specification. Helmet-flower (as alfo
Wolfs-bane ) is a peculiar thing to kill Lice and Nits
in the Head, and to cure the fame of Scurff, Dan-
driff, Scabs, ifle. to cleanfe old and fretting Sores,
running Ulcers, take away dead Flefh, ( provided
thefe Sores, Ulcers, & c. be not in the Mouth, Nofe,
Eyes or Privy Parts, by reafon of their Vicinity to
the principal or more noble Parts : ) as alfo to cure
Difeafes of the Eyes by a fpeciai Application.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,

i. A liquid Juice . 2. A Poudcr of the Herb or

Root. 3. An Oil or Ointment of the Juice , green
Herb or Root. 4. A Deco&ion or Eye of Roots ,
Leaves or Seed. 5. A di (filled Water.

The Virtues .

XI. The Juice. It is a deadly Poifon taken in-
wardly any way : it is alfo as deadly to Wolves,
Dogs or other Creatures who fhall take thereof, or
eat in any manner of ways of the Herb or Root.
The Juice of the Roots especially Hunters of Wild
Beafts do ufe, dipping the Heads of their Arrows
into the fame •, by which means they quickly kill the

Beaft

Chap. 354. Englijb ‘Herbs.

5°5

Beait which is wounded with the lame : yet it is
certain, that the Flelh of the Beait. fo killed is not
at all poilonous, but very lafe, and eats more ten-
der than if it had been otherwise killed, more efpe-
cinlly if it be kept for a Day and Night.

XII. The Ponder of the Herb or Root. Mixt with
Clieele or Bacon-fat, and put in proper places lor
Rats and Mice, it kills them, if they eat it. Mixt
with Pouder of Liquorice , and itrewed upon foul
filthy Ulcers, it cleanles them, drys in fome mea-
sure, (if skilfully applied) and difpofes them for
Healing, which may afterwards with proper Incarna-
tives and Ulceratives, be perfected.

XIII. The Oil or Ointment of the Juice , or green
Herb , or Root. It kills Lice and V ermine, if the
Head or any part of the Body, in which Lice and
Vermine breed, be anointed therewith, it quickly
kills them, and frees the Patient from the fame.

XIV. The Decoition or Lye of the Roots , Leaves
or Seed. If it is a limple Deco£tion, it is then made
in fimple fair Water only : but if it is a Lye, it is
made in a fmali Lixivium of Pot-alhes. It cleanfes
the Head and other Parts from Morphew, Scurff,
Dandriff, Scabs, Itch, Pimples, Tettars, Ringworms,
Leprofy, and other like Breakings out, the Parts af-
fected being bathed therewith.

XV. The dftilled Water. Being dropped into
the Eyes, it takes away the Inflammation or Red-
nefs in them ; alfo clears them from any Haw, or
Pin and Web, growing in or upon them. The fame
thing is laid of the Juice •, but l fear it is dange-
rous, and if it is ufed to the Eyes, it muft be done
with much Caution, and by fuch as have Judgment
and Skill, and not by Fools. It ought to be mixt
with a fufficient quantity of Damask-Rofe Water,
both to allay its Heat, and to take off the Violence
of its Operation.

XV I. To Cure fuch as are Poifoned herewith. The
frit thing you are to do, is to give an Emetick, as
two, three, four, five or fix Grains of Emetick Tar-
tar • from half an Ounce to an Ounce or Ounce and
half of Infufion of Crocus Metallorum , or Vinum
Beneditfum , or Vinum Antimonia/e , or a Dofe of a-
ny other proper Emetick which you have at hand,
proportioning the Dofe according to Age and
Strength. The next thing you are to do, is to ex-
hibit Cathartick Clyfters ^ or this following, if the
Patient is weak : Take Poffet-drink or Mutton-broth
a Pint , brown Sugar four Ounces : mix , melt or dif-
folve , and exhibit it warm. This is to be done, that
the Body be effectually, and as foon as may be, dif
charged of the Poifon : which being p&rformed,
Cordials and Antidotes are to be given, the one to
defend the Heart, preferve and keep up the Vital
and Animal Spirits * the other to enervate and de-
ltroy the force and power of the Poifon * for the firft
of thefe, we commend our Aqua Bezoartica , Ti nil li-
ra Bezoartica , or fome other like Cordial Water,
Spirit or TinCture, to be mixt and given with fome
noble and generous Wine. The Antidotes we com-
mend in this Cafe, are, Mithridate , Venice Treacle ,
the Antidote in our Phylaxa -, or for want of them,
to drink a Decottion in Wine of Origanum , Penny-
royal, Savory , Sage, Southernwood , Wormwood , Gen-
tian, Winters Cinnamon •, Elect. Diate/Jaron is good,
fo alfo is a mixture of Caftoreum , Pepper , Cubebs
and Rue , of each a like quantity , being in fne Pou-
der, and mixt up with Honey into a Bolus. Petrus
Aponenfis commends a Dram or two of Terra Lem-
ma to be taken in warm Drink or Wine *, but above
all he fays, that Ariftolochia longa is the molt efpe-
cial Antidote or Remedy againft all Aconites. Avi-
cen has an Antidote againlt this Poifon, which is
made of the Ply which feeds upon this Poifonous
Plant, which he found to be very effectual, not on-

ly^ againlt ocher Poifons, but chiefly againlt that of
Napellus or Helmet-flower , and Poifon of the Ta-
rantula. It is thus made : Take Ariftolochia longa ,
fine Bole , each in fine ponder , a Dram •, Plies which
Jeed upon the A apellus number twenty : make a fine
Pouder , and mix them : Dofe a Dram at a time in
a Glafs of Wine. Guainerius his Antidote is this :
Take Bay- berries , Terra Lemma , both in fine pouder ,
Mithridate , of e,\ch two Ounces •, Plies which have
fed upern N apellus number twenty four in f onder :
mix them , and with a fufficient quantity of Honey
and O ft make an Electuary. Dofe from a Dram to
two Drams at a time, with a Glafs of generous
Wine. But the true Antidote againlt this Poifon is
the Anthora or Antithora in the Chapter following,
of which we lhall there Ipeak more largely.

CHAP. CCCLIV.

Of HELMET-FLOWER Alexi-
pharmick ,

0 R,

MONKS -HOOD Antidotal.

I.'T"' H E Names. It is called in Greek , AwpOo#-. ;

in Latin , Ajltiphthora or Antithora , but molt
commonly, for Shortnefs fake, Anthora , ( as being
the Oppofite or Antidote to Helmet-flower of
Woolf s-bane : ) in Englifh , Helmet-flower Alexiphar-
mick.

II. The Kinds. It is a lingular Plant of the Kind*
and is called by the Piemontoije , Anthora , quafi An-
tithora, that is, the Remedy againlt the Poifonful
Herb Thora : Avicenna, the Arabian calls it Na-
pellus Moyfls in lib. 2. cap. $ 00 . and in cap. 745.'
calls it Zedoaria, by which it is manifelt that this
Zedoaria Avicenna is not our Common Zedoaria og
T 1 1 Zerumbeih

Salmons Herbal.

Lib, 1,

Zerumbeib of the Shops : it is alfo called Aconitum
So/utiferum , Napellus Alcxipharmicus , and Ant or a.
Thor a and Anihcni , or 77wd and Ant urn , feem to
be new Words, and yet they are ufed in AAarcellus
Empiric us , an old Writer, who teaches 11s a Medi-
cine to be made of Aura and Amur a againlt the Pin
and Web in the Eyes.

ill. The Defcripdon. The Roots hereof are final!
an l tuberous, round, and. fomewhat long, ending fn
the tnofi fart in iTlong Libre, and with fame other
ftnall Threads from the Head downwards : from the
Head whereof rile up feveral green Leaves, every
one feverallv upon a Stalk , which Leaves are
very much divided, as finely almoit as the Leaves
of Larks heeils or Larks-fpurs : among which riles
up a hard round Stalk, a Foot or more high, with
1'ome fuch Leaves thereon as grow below ; at the
top of which lfand many fmall yellowifil Flowers,
formed very like unto the Whitifh Wolfs-bane ; bear-
ing many black Seeds in Pods afterwards in like
manner.

of thole Dil’eafes , cauling them orderly to come
forth : you may give from one Dram to two Drams,
(according to Age and Strength) in any proper Ve-
hicle. It defends the Heart, and ltrengthens the
Spirits as a molt Sovereign Cordial.

XII. The Acid T inffure. It has the Virtues of
the Root, Decoction and Spirit -, belides which, it
is more effettual than any of them againlt the Plague
or Pettilence, and all forts of Malign or Pellilential
Difeafes, as alfo againlt all malign and burning Fe-
vers, dellroying the Malignity, and extinguiihing
the burning Heat of the Difeafe. It is alfo good a-
gainlt the Venom and Poilon of Mad Dogs, Ser-
pents of all kinds, as Viper, Rattle-fnake, Slow
worm, Cc. and the Stinging of Scorpions, Hornets,
Wafps, Bees, (Sc. Let the Patient take it in all
that they drink, fo many Drops at a time as may
make the Vehicle pleafant, and continuing the Ufe
of it for fome days. The Figure which we have
given you in this place, is from Matthio/us his E-
pitome.

IV. The Places. It grows on the Alps, and on :
Mountains and Hills near rhe Lake Lemane, and in
fome places in Germany : with us it is nurled up on-
ly in Gardens.

V. The Times. It flowers at the latter end ot
June, thro’ all July, alfo in Augujl, and the Seed
is ripe in Augujl and September.

VI. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the third
Degree ; and is Cardiack, Emetick, Cathartick and
Alexipharmick.

VII. The specification. Its phief Defignation is
for the enervating or deftroying and expelling of
Poyfons of all forts, chieHy thofe of Helmet-flower
or Monks-hood, Wolfs-bane and Leopards-bane.

VIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, I. A Ponder of the Root. 2. A Dcco'dion
thereof in Wine. 3. A Spirituous Tindure. a.. An
Acid 'Tindure.

The Virtues.

CHAP. CCCLV.

Of HEMLOCK Common.

I. 'T' H E Karnes. It is called in Arabick, Suca-
.i, ram : in Greek, Kuvhov, n> y.aikv, a cir-
cum vertendo , quod Vertiginem, £7 imaginem earum
rerum qua afpiciuntur , tanqtiam circumagantur ac
in tenebras inducat ijs qua earn biberunt : in Latine,
Cicuta ; and in Eng/ijh , Hemlock.

II. The Kinds. There are three principal kinds,
viz. 1. Cicuta vulgaris. The Common Hemlock.
1 2. Cicuta minor, Cicuta fatua, Cicuta Apijfolia, The
lelfer or Parlley-leav’d Hemlock , in Cap. 356. 3.

Cicuta palufiris, Cicuta aquatica , Water or Marfh
Hemlock, in Cap. 357. following.

IX. The Pouder of the Root. Hugo Solerius fays,
that it will purge the Body very llrongly of vicious
and watery Humours, both by Vomit and Stool, the
quantity of a Bean being taken in Broth or Wine.
And by reafon of the exceeding Bitternefs of the
Root, it kills all forts of Worms in the Body.
Guaincrius fays, that by his own Experience and
Sight, he -found it to be as eft'eflual as Diffamnus
unto all the Purpoies unto which that ferves. The
Pouder of the Root taken in Wine , ( from half a
Dram to a Dram ) is a fpeedy and ipecial Remedy
againft the Wind-Colick, which the Savoyards about
Liam ( where it grows in great plenty ) familiarly
ufe with great Succefs, and call it the Wind-Colick
Herb. This lame Root alfo ufed inwardly, is not
only die chief and principal Antidote or Remedy a-
gainll the Poifon of Monks-hood or Helmet-flower,
and Wolf s-bane fait alfo of Leopards-banefit any other
Poifonous Herb whatfoever, being given firft and
laft Morning and Night.

X. The Decodion in Wine. It has all the former
Virtues, but not full out fo efficacious as rhe Root
in Subftance. If you fo pleafe, the Pouder of the
Root may be given in this Vehicle for the fame
Purpofes.

XI. The Spirituous 'Tindure. It has the Virtues
of the Pouder and Decoction •, befides which, it is
good againft Surfeits, the Mealies and Small-Pox ;
tor by gently provoking Sweat, iqexpels the Malig-
nity to the Surface of the Skin, and fo defends the
Heart and Vital Spirits from the Poifon and Force

Common Hemlock, :

The

Chap. 3 55.

III. T be Common Kinds. Of this there are two
feveral forts, viz. 1 . K uvc-nv koivoh, Cicuta vulgaris ,
Cicuta major , (by almoft all Writers) Cicutaria
Clufij , Our Common Hemlock. 2. KJmw ulyt, £
Utltrcu, Cicuta magna , vel maxima , Cicutaria latifolia
j ced.it ijjima, Cicutaria maxima Brancionis by Lobe l,
Cicutaria Myrrhk Tbalij •, Sc/c/i Peloponefc Matthi-
o/i , Gefneri and Lugdunenfis , which Lobel contra-
dicts ; The great or greateft Hemlock. That this is
a Hemlock , and no 5<?/£/i or Hartwort , no doubt is
to be made of it.

IV. The Defer ip dons. T/;c firft , 0;* Common

Hemlock, to R00/ is long , w/V/c, /to-

/im crooked , tf/zd' hollow within : from the Head of
which Root it grows up with a hollow green Stalk,
three or four Feet high or more, full of red Spots
fometimes, and having at the Joints very large
winged Leaves, one fet againft another, dented a-
bout the edges, of a fad green color, branched to-
wards the top, where it is full of Umbles of white
Flowers 3 which being palled away, give white, flat-
tifh, long Seed. The whole Plant and every part
has a ftrong, heady, ill-conditioned Smell, offend-
ing the Senfes.

V. The fecond ', or Great or greateft Hemlock. It
bos a Root which is very great and white , growing
as loell deep into the Ground , as fpreading many
great Branches therein, which fometimes dies after it
has given Seed , and fometimes not , abiding all Win-
ter in feme Seafons , and in fome Places. This Hem-
lock has much larger winged Leaves than the for-
mer, thicker fet, more fpread, and of a Ladder green
color, having a Smell Which Lobel calls Fcetidijfima :
yet Parkinfon fays, that tho’ he had it growing ma-
ny Years in his Garden, he never found any offen-
five Smell it had. The Stalk is great, but rifes not
fo high as the Common fort does ; but bears as large
Umbles of white Flowers * where, afterwards grow
large and thick white crooked Seed, of no evil
Smell.

VI. 7 he Places. The firft grows in all Countries
throughout England by Walls and Hedge-fides, and
in wafte Grounds and untilled Places, as alfo in
Gardens of a fat and rich Soil. The fecond I have
found in moilt and fertil Medows abounding with
other Weeds near their Borders, but grows with us
moftly in Gardens, where it is generally weeded
out.

VII. The Times. They both flower in July and
Auguft, and feed in Auguft and September. '

VIII. The Vitalities. Hemlock is cold in the
fourth Degree, and dry in the fecond 3 Repercufllve,
Anodyne, Aiftringent, Arthritick and Venefick.

IX. The Specification. It is chiefly of External
Ufe, for the Cure of the Gout, Scirrhus Tumors,
Eryfipelas, Inflammations, Wheals, Pufhes, creep-
ing Ulcers.

X. The Preparations . You may have therefrom,
1. A liquid Juice. 2. A Cataplafm oj the Leaves.
3. A Cataplafm of the Root. 4. A Venefick. 5. An
Emplafter .

The Virtues.

XI. The liquid Juice. It is applied outwardly-
tp the Tefticles of fuch as have Venereous Dreams,
or the like, to fupprefs them : alfo to Maidens and
Womens Breafts, to reprefs their Swellings, rind re-
pel their Milk : yet by reafon thofe places are fo
principal, and full of Vital Spirits, it fometimes
happens that the Remedy is worfe than the Dileafe.
It may fafely be applied to an Inflammation, an
Eryfipelas, Pains of the Gout, arifing from hot or
fiery Humors ^ and to Wheals, Pufhes and creeping
Ulcers, accompanied with a hot and (harp Matter,
for by cooling and repelling the Heat, it puts a flop
to the Humor.

XII. The Cataplafm of the Leaves. A Cataplafm
being made of the raw Leaves by only bruifmg, and
fo laid to the Brows and Forehead, is good to flop
Defluxions of Rheums falling into fwoln and red
Eyes, fo as quickly to eafe the Pain, and take away
the Swelling and Rednefs. And being applied with
a mixture of Bay Salt in fine ponder to die Wrift,
(renewing it twice a day for three or four days) it
takes away a Pin arid Web growing in the Eye :
but it ought to be applied (as they lay) to the con-
trary Wrift. Applied in Pains of the Joints, it calc*
them.

XIII. The Cataplafm of the Root. It is to i -
roafted under the Embers, wrapped in double wet
Papers, until it becomes foft and tender 3 then to
be beaten in a Mortar to a Pulp, and applied : it
prevails admirably againft the Gout in Hands or
Fingers, as alfo in other Parts, quickly eafing the
Pain.

XIV. The Venefick. The Juice mixed with Wine,
if it is given to any one, is prefent Death, as Tra-
gus fays. And this poflibly might be the Venefick
which the Athenians adjudged the Wife Socrates to
die by, for not thinking rdpeclfully of their Gods,
or rather Devils, being accufed by An (his and Ale-
litus. The Cure. It any one has taken the Juice
of Hemlock, or this Venefick, or by mi (chance has
eaten this Herb inffead of Par fey, or its Roor in-
ftead of Parfneps, which caufes a Frenfy, dr Pertur-
bation of the Senfes, as if ftupified or drunk : the
firft thing I fay in this Cafe which is to be done, ( if
it is foon enough) is to give the Patient a Vomit of
Vinum Benedict nm, Vinum Antimonialc, or Tar far
Emetick : which being effected, a good Draught of
Wine (in which Gentian has been infufed) is to he
drunk, as Pliny advifes. . Tragus lays, lie Cured a
Woman who had eaten the Root, by giving her a
Draught of good Vinegar : and this may be proba-

”5°8

Salmon s Herbal . Lib. I.

Uc, becaufj, tor that if the Vinegar was given in a
rood large quantity it would caufe plentilul Vomit-
i;-rr_ evacuate the poyfonous matter, and withal,
l v 'veajbii ot' its acidity, it would enervate and de-
i do v the force of the Povfon, making it of no effect.

' V.V. T he limp/njhr, 'called Eir.plattrum e Cicuta
cum Ammoniuco. 'lnko jut at of Hemlock four Oun-
ces, Vinrsur ej Stpi/Is, Gum Ammmacum , op each
, Oxm-a, iiifhe tl* G*m in the Juice andVi ■
/»v a gentle infufion in a rearm Sand beat , then
Drain. 'end reduce it to the confidence of an Empla-
Her. 'Here note, that if the quantity of the Juice
was doubled it would be fo much the better-, it was
invented to eafe pains , chiefly ot the Spleen and
Gout, my Experience lias confirmed it, and fuch as
ihall ufe 'it upon my Word may have caufe to return
me Thanks tot this' Recommendation it is alfo an
excellent thing to diffolve Scirrhus, and other like
lurd Tumors in any part of the Body , chiefly Tu-
mors ot the Liver, Spleen, Hypochonders , and
Joints.

XVI. Kola. It has been found by obfervation
that feme Countries bring it forth in greater ftrength
than other fome do, and where it is produced in
greater llrength it is a greater Poyfon-, and tho’ it is
a kind of Poyfon with us here in England, yet it
Teems not to be io great a Poyfon as in Greece , and
other hot Countries, nor attended with fuch violent
effetis.

tops of the Stalks, refembling Coriander Seed, but
leifer; the whole Plant feems not to me to be of
any evil fmell.

CHAP. CCCLVI.

O/HEMIOCK the Leffer,

0 R,

HEMLOCK Parity Leav’d.

j/qp 11 E Karnes. It is called in Greek Kdisiw pi-

1 in Latine Cicuta parva , vel minor , and

in Englifb The Small or Leffer Hemlock.

II. The Kinds. This is the fecond general Spe-
cies of this Plant, and tho’. it is a lingular one of its
Kind, yet Authors have given it a plurality of Names,
as Cicuta minor Cordi (S Corner anj , Cicutaria Eatua
Lobelij j Cicuta Eatua. Apittm Cicutarium Tha/ij ,
Vetrofelimim Caninum Tabernamtmtani , Vetrofebni
vitium Tragi , and Apij Comes Cicutarium Gefneri
m Hortis, Pools Hemlock, Parily Leav’d Hemlock,
£?V.

Hemlock

heav’d.

IV. The Places . It grows amongft Stones and
Rubbilh by old Walls and ruinous places , by the
Walls of Cities and Towns, and on Banks fides, and
by Hedges, almoft every where, as alfo in Gardens
very plentifully.

V. The Times. It Flowers in July and Aug u ft ,
and its Seed is ripe in Auguft and September , and in
warm and feafonable Years much fooner.

VI. The Qualities , Specification , Preparations and
Virtues of this are the fame with thofe of the Com-
mon Kinds , faving, that it is found by experience
that this is not full out fo Venefick as they are, yet
doubtlels is dangerous to be taken inwardly.

CHAP. CCCLVII.

III. The Defcription. This Smaller Hemlock ha*
a J mall , tough , white. Root , which ferijbes every
Tear, from which rife up divers ftiff Stalks, fcarcefy
a Yard high, hollow, fomewhat reddilh towards the
Sur. , otherwise they are whiter than the former,
fmuller, and not fpotted at all, and jointed or kneed
at certain dillances, from which Joints fpring forth
long Leaves, very green, and finely jagged, like the
Common Chervil , or Parfty? indeed as the Leaves are
much {mailer than rhe Common Hemlock , fo they
come fo near unto Par fly , that many are miftaken,
in gathering one lor another, being often found (tho'
a Wild Weed) in Gardens, of a paler green color,
and with few Branches ; rhe Flowers are white, and
grow at the tops of the Stalks in fmall ljx>ky Um-
bles. with fmall, longifh, green Leaves about them-,
the Seed follows, like that of the Common Hemlock ,
of a white color, or as they grow together on the

Of HEMLOCK Water or Marik.

■\ . f jj. isj-tx) .’•v . ,*

I. np H E Karnes. It is called in Greek K *>nm V-
JL ircofit, in Latine Cicuta Aquatica , vel

Paluftris , in Englifb Water or Marjh Hemlock.

II. The Kinds. There are three Kinds hereof,
viz. I. Cicutaria Paluftris alba , Cicutaria Paluftris
Elore albo , Cicutaria albo Lugdunenfls , White Water
Hemlock. £. Cicutaria Paluftris rubra , Cicutaria
rubra , Cicutaria Paluftris Elore purpureo Baubini &
Cartier arijjRkeA Water Hemlock. 3. Cicutaria Pa-
luftris Tenui folia Lobelij , Cicuta Paluftris if Aqua-
tica Cordi , Gefneri , a Thahj , Marfh of Water
Hemlock.

III. The Defcriptions. The fir ft. . or White Wa-

ter

Chap. 358. £* igUfh Herbs. 509

ter Hemlock, It bat a white , 4w(f Root, like

■that of Fennel, but divided into many ports, being of
it facet Jccnt, and an hot Sharp tdjie ; from this Root
rile up ieveral Stalks of winged' Leaves, much cut
in on the edges, (tom among which rifes up a Men-
der crumpled Stalk, and Branched a Foot and half
or more high, bearing Unities of white Flowers,
and long, black, well (melting Seed, and when ripe
tailing lharp, tw& always joined together , with a
(mill Thread between them.

IV. The fccond, or Red Water Hemlock: It bat
a tbi.L, black , and Jointed Root , 'with fever al Eibrcs
thereat ; the Leaves are in form like the former, but
larger, and not fo much cut into parts , and paler of
color ; the Stalk is round, and jointed, about a Fooc
in height, bearing at its tops flat Umbles, with pale
ted, or blufh Flowers , and long black Seed after
them, fweet in fmell, and (harp in tafte.

V. T he third, or Marfh or Water Hemlock. It
has 'a long "nd b/ackifh Root, with fever al Joints and
fibres growing from them-, from this Root fprings
up a great, thick , and hollow Stalk , three , four ,
and fometimes almoft five Feet high, full of Joints,
and Leaves at them; at the Joints with the Leaves,
which are cut into divers parts, fomeWhat like unto
Par fly but fmaller, come forth the Branches upHO
the top beating fmall Umbles of White Flowers ,j.
the Seed is fweet in fmell , and black , fomeu/hat
greater than Anifeed : This is that Plant which D o-
domus and L ugdunenfis take to be Thellandrtiim
p lin'd and they make it to be Si urn, or Laver , the
Ligiifticum Sylveftre lhalij , which Cefialpinus and
others think to be the Silaus Plinij.

VI. The Places. They all grow in moift and wa-
tery places in feveral Countries of Europe, the third,
or laft of them, grows by many Rivers fides in ma-
ny parts of England , in feveral places by the Thames
fide, alfo in the midft of Water Ditches, and (land-
ing Pools and Ponds , in molt places of this Land ;
it grows very plentifully in the Ditches by a Caufey

going from Redriff to Deptford , near London, and
in many other places.

VII. T he Times. They Flower thro’ all fu!ym&
Attgujl , and perfeft their Seed in Augitjl and Sep-
tember, -as other hemlocks do.

VIII. The flash lies , Specification , Preparations ,
Virtues aniOfes are the fame (as Authors think),
with the Common Hemlock in Chap. a;;, aforegoing,
but of this I confefs I very much doubt, (being th. te
are cold in the fourth degree, and thele on the con-
trary are hot, at lealt in the fecond degiee, and ar>-
matick, as the hot and fpicy tafte of the Seed teems
to indicate , however, fince Authors have laid nothing
in particular of the matter, nor we have had any ex-
perience of our own concerning the (ame, we Hull
ceafe any farther declaration thereof.

CHAP. CCCLVIII.

Of HEMP Manured.

I.'T'tfB Names. It is called in Arabick. Canab ,

X and. Scbehedenegi , in Greek K mvo.Ck, in La-
tine Cannabis , and in Englijh Hemp.

II. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. 1. nduvaCu
rvotnun* Cannabis Saliva , Manured Hemp. 2. ***,r*-
Cit vvnCrmn, Cannabis Sylveftris , Cannabis Spuria ,
Wild or Baftard Hemp.

III. T be Manured Kinds. The Manured is alfo
twofold, viz. 1. Cannabis Mas , The Male Hemp,
or that which bears Seed. 2. Cannabis Fcvmina , The
Female Hemp , or that which bears Flowers and no
Seed.

IV. The Defcriptions. The Jirft , or Male Kind,
has generally one dozen right Root , fix or fever. Inches
long. , with many fir ong Strings, which take fafi hold
in the Ground , but die and perijl) every Tear ^ from
this Root rifes up one Stalk, four, five, fix, or feven

Fesc

.'so, Salmon s /Herbal. Lib. L

I'etr high, according to the goodnefs of the Soil ,
tvith many Leaves let thereon at diihinces ^ this Stalk
: rough and bulhy , with many Leaves alfo on the
L ranches, every one of them {landing upon a long
F’ootftalk, and divided into five , fix, or feven feve-
ral Leaves, joined together at the bottom of them,
and dented about the edges, fomething like unto the
form of the Leaves Palma ChrijU , or Baftard Black
Hcllebor, of a dark green color, and of a Itrong fmell,
hut not unpleafingi towards the tops, from the bot-
toms of the Wings and Leaves, comes forth the Seed
b:i long Branches , without any iheivof Flowers,
which is round, lomewhat hard, and full of an oily
Nut like white lhbftance, and. contained in round
Heads-, every particular Leaf is narrow, long, and
Jharp pointed , finely notched in about the edges-,
this is called Winter hemp.

V. T hefccond, or Female Kind, has like foot and
Stalk as the former, but the Leaves are letter, and of
a lighter green color, yet like in form and Jhape -, the
Stalk is fingle for the melt part , with few or no
Branches, having a like ftrong fmell as the other, it
bears a great number of Flowers , which are lmall ,
and of a whitifh yellow color, {landing many toge-
ther upon long Branches, which turn into dull, and
are carried away with the Wind, not eaVing any
Seed after them, for which reafon it is called Barren
Hemp, and by reafon of its bearing no Seed it comes
to ripenefs fooner than the other by a Month , or
more, being the tenderer and weaker Plant, the Stalk
being hollo wer, and not fo ftrong, for which reafon
it is ufually called Summer Hemp.

VL An Obfcrvat ion. Thefe two forts Male and
Female are not originally two differing Kinds,- but
both rife from one and- the. felr fame Beed ,- that is,'
they both fpring from' tire Seed, growing upon one
and the fame Stalk or 'Pi ant, 'being herein fomewhat
like unto the French Mercury • but how this change
in Narine fhouid be, dr how ic is brought'-to pafs,
is very hard to determine: The Summer Hemp , as it
is the tenderer and weaker Plant , fo it makes the
finer Stuff or Tare, and that makes the finer Thread,

and by confequence the finer and fofter Linnen Cloth.
The Winter Hemp, as it is the ftronger Plant, and
harder peeling , fo it makes the courfer and harder
Thread and Cloth, and of this fort it is they ufually
make their Cordage. As for the way and manner
of fteeping or watering of Hemp, and how it is dry-
ed, picked, cleanfed , and beaten, (J c. fo as to be
made into Cloth or Cordage , as it is not pertinent
to, or the bufinefs of this Work, fo it is pretermit-
ted , and you are referred to the proper place in my
Agriculture, which, if it fhall pleafe God to Blefs
me with Life , (hall in due feafon be emitted into
the World, for the general Benefit of Mankind.

VII. There is alfo a third Kind of Hemp growing
in Virginia, and other of our Floridian Plantations,
which in Roots, Stalks , Leaves and Seed differ not
much from our Manured Kind, laving, that the
whole Plant is much bigger, the Stalks are greater,
and the Leaves and Flowers much larger.

VIII. The Places. Pliny Lib. 20. Chap. 23. lays
that Hemp was formerly found growing Wild , but
we in our days can find no fuch thing, for in all'pla-
ces of the World it is now Sown in enclofed
Fields chofen on purpofe for the fame^ Columella.
fays it delights to grow in a Fat, Dunged, and Wa-
tery Soil, or in plain and moift Grounds deeply
' Toughed.

IX. The Times. It is Sown in the end of March,

>r beginning of April, and is ripe in AuguU or Sept-
ember, according as the two forts grow ripe and fit
o be gathered -, the fecond of thefe , or Summer
Hemp is ripe and fit to be gathered in the end of
July, and beginning of Augujl the firft, or Winter
Hemp , is gathered a full Month after , viz. in the
end of Augujl ^ or beginning of September.

X. The Vitalities. It is hot and dry in the end of
the firft degree, it is Aftringent, Carminative, Dif-
cuifive, opening Qbftru&ions of the Gall Bladder,
jand is Anodyne, Neurotick, and Arthritick.

XI. The Specification. It is a peculiar^ thing in
curing the Jaundice and Colick, in killing Worms,
and eafing pains of the Gout.

XII. The Preparations. You may prepare there-
from, 1. A Liquid Juice of the Leaves. 2. A De-
coUion of the Leaves. 3. A DecoUion of the Root.
4. A Deco U ion or Emulfion of the Seed. 5. A Di-
jlilled Water of Root and Herb. 6. An Oil by Inf te-
flon. 7. The Leaves fried.

The Virtues.

XIII. The Liquid Juice of the Leaves. Taken to
an Ounce or two in a Glafs of Wine it is an extra-
ordinary thing to kill Worms , whether in Man 01
Beaft-, dropt into the Ears it kills Worms in the
Ears, and draws forth any other living Creature which
has crept into them : And to {hew the ftrength here-
of for this purpofe, Matthiolus fays, that if it is
poured, (yea but the Decoftion of the Herb) into the
holes of Earth-Worms, it will drive them forth, and
that Fifhermen and Anglers have ufed this Feat to
get Worms to bait their Hooks.

XIV. The DecoUion of the Leaves. Ir has the
former Virtues , but not altogether fo ftrong , and
may be given from three to eight Ounces, according
to Age and Strength, but is no very agreeable thing
for the Stomach.

XV. The DecoUion of the Root. It has the fame
Virtues alfo, but this in efpecial it is laid to be good
againft, viz. to allay InHamations in the Head, or
any other part, to eafe the pains of the Gout, to help
hard Tumors or Knots in the Joints, Cramps, and

Ifhrinking of the Sinews, and to eafe the pains of the
Hip, or Sciatica-, being applied- thereto by Fomen-
tation,

Ghap. 359. ‘Engkjh Herbs. 511

ratioh, and aiterwards mixed applied made up into a
Cacaplafm with Barley Mower, renewiug’of it eve-
ry day.

XVI. A DecoUicn or Emulfion of the Seed. The
Decotlion in Water or Wine is hut and dry, and con-
fames Wind, and by the much ufe thereof it does
difperfe it fo much, that it confurhes and dries up
the Natural Seed of Generation. The Emulfion ol
the Seed in Water or Milk Itops continual Fluxes ol
the Bowels, and is good againlt a Gonorrhoea, it ea-
l'es the pains of the Colick, and quiets and allays
troublefom and griping Humors in Stomach and Bel-
lv, it is good againlt a Bloody Flux, and (tops bleed-
ings, whether at Mouth, Nofe, Yard, or Womb.
The Emulfion made in Milk, by boiling the Seed l'o
long in it till it is perfectly broken, and then [train-
ed out, as Sylvius do Lc Bee Prax. Mod. Lib. r. Cap.
47. Sell. 74. Pag. 506. b. quarto Edition Printed
1680. has taught, if it is taken five or fix Ounces
at a time twice or thrice in a day, it will, as lie
fays (from great Experience) cure the Jaundice ; it is
alfo good for fuch as have a hot and dry Cough,
opens obftruOaons of the Lungs, and obftruEtions
of the Gall Bladder, and caufes a digeftion of
Choler.

XVII. 'T be Dijlil/ed Water of the Herb. It allays
Inflamations , and has all the Virtues of the Juice
and Decoffion of the Leaves, and may be ufed to be
mixed with fome other Preparations, as a Vehicle.

XVIII. The Oil by Inflation , Ufufwn , or Deco-
Uion. It is good to be applied to any place which
is burn’d with Fire, and to remove inllamations in
any part ; fo alfo if an Oil or Ointment is made, by
mixing the frelh Juice with Oil Olive, or Hogs Lard,
or frelh Butter, it heals Burnings or Scaldings after
an admirable manner.

XIX. T be Leaves fried. In a Hemorrhage if
fome of the Blood which comes from the Patient be
taken, and the frelh Leaves of Hemp be fried there-
in, and then given to the Sick to eat, it Hops the
bleeding prelently, and if they be fo fried as that the
Leaves may be crumbled into Pouder, this Pouder
blowed up the Noitrils , or put upon any Wound
where there is a flux of Blood, itprefently Hops it,
and given to a Dram or more inwardly in a Spitting
of Blood, Vomiting Blood, Pifling Blood, Bloody
Flux, or flux of the Terms, it quickly Hops it, and
by repeating the exhibition quickly cures it ; and gi-
ven to fuch as are troubled with Worms in the Bow-
els it kills them.

XX. Nota. Mattbiolus fays that Hempfeed given
to Hens in the Winter, when they lay tewell Egs ,
will make them lay more plentifully.

> CHAP. CCCLIX.

Of HEMP Baftard or Wild.

I.'T'f/E Names. It is called in Greek KLv*C,<
A VTiiertm, d. in Latine Cannabis Spuria ,
vcINotha , and Cannabis Sylveftris , in Enghjh Ba-
ftard Hemp , and Wild Hemp.

II. T he Kinds. Authors make three feveral forts
hereof, viz. I. Cannabis Spuria prima, Cannabis Syl-
veftris Tragi id Lugdunenfts , iy Spuria altera Lobe-
lij , Cannabina alba Tabernamontani , Urtica aculeate
Yolijs ferratis Bauhini , The firft Ballard Hemp, or
White Baftard Hemp. 2. Cannabis Spuria Jecunda,
Cannabis Sylveftris Spuria tertia Lobehj , Alyffum
Arvenfe album Tabernamontani , Urtica aculeata F '0-

“js Jerratts altera bauhini , who thinks it to be the
SUeritk Cord: , The fecond Baltardor Wild Hemp,
T Cannabis Spuria tertia , Cannabis Spuria facie
1 Irtica Lobe lij, Urtica aculeata Folijs non ferratis
Bauhini , Sideritis altera Matthioli , The third Ba-
llard or Wild Hemp.

III. The Defcriptions. The fir /} , or Firft Ballard
Hemp, hits a Root which is hard and white , and a
little fp reading, but dying before Winter , from rhq
head of which rifes up a reafonable great , hairy ,
Iquare Stalk, not very ftrong, nor upright, but as it
were leaning down, with leveral Joints bunching out
like Knees, and two Leaves fetat every one of them,
fomewhat long, hairy, and pointed, of a frefher
green color than the Leaves of the Manured Kind,
and dented about the edges; at the Joints alfo come
forth feveral Branches, jointed and fet with Leuvqs
in like manner, whereabout, towards the tops, grow
feveral hooded and gaping Flowers, like thofe of the
Dead Nettle, but larger and greater, of a pale pur-
plilh color, ftanding in final!, green, prickly Husks,
in which, after the Flowers are pall, grows the Seed,
which is fmall and round, three or four growing to-
gether.

IV. The fecond, or Second Baftard Hemp, differs
not much in Root or Stalk from the former, bur the
Leaves are [hotter and rounder ; the Flowers hereof
are of the fame fafiiion, but not fo great as they, the
uppermoll part or hood whereof is of a pale color,
tending to yellow, and the lower part of a deeper
Red, or Purple Color; the Husks of the Flowers are
fomewhat more prickly alfo than the other.

V. The Third, or Third Balhrd Hemp, is in its
growing much like the laft, but its Root is a bufh of
Pibres and Strings, from whole head comes forth one
(hort body of a Stalk, which quickly divides it felf
into two, three, or four others, which growing up
With feveral Joints , fpread themfelves out into ma-
ny Arms or Branches, two and two at every Joint,

' V.,,-

Of HEN BAN E Common or Black.

TH E Karnes. It is called in Arabick Alter -
cum , and Altercangenum , and by rhe Arabi-
an Phyficians Bengi^ which differs but little from the
Indian and Perfian Name Banguc , as Garcia) ab Or.
to , and Chriftopher Acofta declare, in Greek 't owi.
U-& quaji Faba Porcina , in Latine alfo Hyofeyamm ,
and corruptly Jufquiamm , alfo Apoliirfaris ,
linc Medians invent ore , utV applet Cerebrum
vitiofo Cf j slide balitu , Me ntem pcrcellit ,

fi Apo/linis JT.fi ro. Scribonim fays that the Latincs
‘alfo call it Alter cum , ab Alter condo , c//w Fb;-

borum All ere at tone r'txaque Je torquent liyojcntmo de-
ment at i. Camcrarim faith it is alfo called Priapeia ,
quia It ali Semine utuntur ad Priapifmum fedandnm.

II. The Kinds. There are leveral forts of this
Plant, but the principal Kinds are, i. "i
raf, Hyofeyamm niger , called alio HyoJ'cyamus vul-
garis, and by Fltchfius HyoJ'cyamus Flavus , Our Com-
mon Henbahe, which is the Black Henbane , and is a
lingular Plant, of which in this Chapter. 2. 'Te«et-
a,[A@- A«/y.of, Hyofcyamus alb us , fo called by all Au-
thors, Henbane , of which in C/.v//>. 361.

VI. Ab/a. are to take notice that there is ano-
ther variety of the fir ft of thefe Kinds , w/w/b Placer
is for the moft part of a perfetl white color , a/’ a little
pale vohitijh , which does manifellly exprefs the dif-
ference, and therefore is called in Latine Cannabis
Spuria prime Flore albo , Ballard Hemp of the hill
fort with a white Flower.

VII. The Places. ■ Thefe Kinds of Bafiard or Wild
Hemp do all grow as well in moilt Grounds as dry,
by Ditch lides, and by Pathways, and under Walls,
and fome of them will be found in Gardens, whence
they are continually plucked up as Weeds-, the firft
Kind with a white Flower mentioned at Seft. VI.
above has been found by the Pathways near C/apham ,
and in the Ditches by Rcdrijf, or Rotherhithe , as it
was formerly written * they all grow alfo upon bar-
ren Hills and Mountains, as Gerarft fays, and efpe
dally on Earable Land* and they have been often-
times found in the Corn Fields of Kent, near Gravcf-
end and Southfleet , and in all the way from thence
to Canterbury, and injnany places about London.

VIII. The Times. They all Flower for the moll
part in July, and from July to the end of Atiguff , the
Seed ripening in the mean time.

IX. As to their Qualities, Specification , Prepara-
tions and Virtues, they are thought t<? be nearly the
fame with thofe of the Common Hemp in the former
Chapter, as fome Authors are of Opinion, but they
are feldom uled in Phyfick, either inwardly or out-
wardly, when and where the others are to be had.

X. But Lobel fays they are uled as an allured Re-
medy againlt Nodes and Wens, and other like hard
Tumors in tire Flelb, and that after other things have

.He-niame, ttlac/L

III. The Defcription. It bar a Root whkh ig great H
white, and thick, branching, w Spreading itje/fj'eve-

rat

Chap. 3 60 . . Eitglifb ‘Herbs.

5!3

ml ways under Ground, Jo like unto a Purlkep Root,
( but that it is not Jo white ) that it has deceived Jeve-
ral from this Root fpring up-Jevcral very large,
■thick, fofr, woolly Leaves, lying upon the Ground,
much cur in or tom on the edges, of a dark or veiy
dull gray i(h green color 3 among thefe Leaves rile
up divers thick and foft Stalks , two or three feet
high, and fomecimes higher, which fpread themlelves
out into feveral fm'aller Branches, With lome fmaller
Leaves on them , and many hollow Flowers Bell
falhion fcarcely appearing above the Husks, and
commonly torn on the one fide, ending in five round
points, growing one above another , ofadeadilh,
taint, yellow, white color, lome what paler towards
the edges, with many purplifh Veins therein, and of
a brownifh color, or dark yellowilh purple in the bot-
tom of the Flower, with a fmall Pointel of the lame
color in the middle, each of them Handing in a hard
dole Flusk, which, after the Flower is paft, grows
very like the Husk of a Pomgranet Flower, or the
Flower or Husk of Afarabacca, and fomevvhat (harp
at the top points, in which is contained much fmall
Seed, very like unto Poppy Seed, but of a dusky
grayilh color, almoft enclining unto black, whence
came the Name Black Henbane.

IV. T he ^Egyptian Henbane. I Jhall put this Plant
into this Chapter , and defer ibe it here , tho' an Exotick. ,
becattfe Parkinfon fays it is, or will have, it to be, a
Species of the Black, and withal it is not a very great
fir anger in font e of our Englifh Gardens , it has a
fmall white Root , with fame Fibres adjoining to it ,

which perijhes every Tear-, this Root fends up a firong
woolly Stalk , about two Feet high , on Which are
growing lelfer Leaves than thofe of the Common Kind
afore deferibed , and almolt as much torn on the
edges, efpecially thofe towards the bottom, but thofe
which grow up higher towards the top are little or
nothing indented on the edges, and the higher the
fmoorher edged , all of them being very white and
hoary 3 the Flowers Hand every one of them at the
Joints with the Leaves, and at the tops likewife, in
inch like Husks as the Common does, and of the fame
pale yellow color, with purple Veins therein, at the
firft blowing of them, but afterwards, as they grow
larger, fo the color changes to be of a dark: reddifh
color, with Veins of a deeper Dye, and a whitifh
bottom, with a Purple Pointel, encompaffed with
yellow Threads in the middle, which being paft a-
way , there fucceeds fuch like prickly Heads as the
Common Kind has, and alfo fuch like Seed.

V. The Places. The firft is commonly found
growing by the Way fides, and under Hedge fides,
and old Walls, about the borders of Fields, on old
Dunghills which have lain long, and in other rude
and untilled places 3 the other is an Exotick, com-
mon to be had in JEgypt, as the firft is with us, but
by tranfportation of the Seed to us, is now to be
found in feveral of our Gardens.

IX. 1 he Preparations. You may have, 1. The
Leaves whole and in ftbfiancr. 2. A Juice of the
Leaves and Roots. 3. An EJfence of the fame. 4.
A Juice or Emulfion oj the Seed. 5. An Oil of the
Seed by InJolation or Exprsjfion. 6. The Seed in Jub-
ilance. 7. A Decoction of Root, Herb, and Seed. 8.
A Vinegar of the Root or Herb, or green Husks of the
Flowers. 9. An Ex trail oj the Juice of the Roots
and Leaves. 1 o. An Oil or Ointment of the Root, or
Leaves, or of their Juice. 11. A Calap/afm oj the
Roots or Leaves boiled in Red Port l Vine. 12. A
Fomentation. 13. Fumes of the herb or Seed. 14.
A Difi tiled Water of Root, Herb, Flowers, i?. A
Venefck. i 6} The Cure ‘of the Poyfotl of Henbane.
17. A Hifiory.

The Virtues.

X. The green Leaves in fub fiance. Applied they
cool all inflamations, either in the Eyes, or in any
other part of the Body, and are good to affwage all
manner of fwellings , whether of the Cods , or of
Womens Breafts, or in any other part $ the fame ap-
plied to the Joints give eafe in pains of the Gout,
and Sciatica, and to the Forehead and Temples they
eafe a vehement Headach, proceeding from a hot
caufe, or for want of Sleep in Fevers, and are very
good againft fimple Contulions while recent.

XI. The Liquid Juice of the Leaves. It has all
the former Virtues, being bathed warm or fomented
upon the parts afte£ted, and feems to me to be the
more powerful of the two, but after bathing it wiH.
be neceffary to lay Linnen Cloths four, fix, or eight
times. doubled dipped in the fame Juice upon the dif*
afte&ion 3 dropped into the Ears it takes away any
noife therein, deafnefs, thicknefs of hearing, or pain
there 3 held often in the Mouth of one who has the
Toothach it gives relief and eafe , and if there is
Worms in the Teeth or Gums it kills them.

XII. The EJfence of the Roots and Leaves. It has
all the Virtues of the green Leaves and Juice afore-
going, and for the excellent ufe which may be made
hereof it ought always to be kept in a readinels in
theHoufe-, if It is mixed with Wine, or Wine and
Water in equal quantities,, and a loufie Head bathed
therewith, it will kill Nits and Lice, and this it
will do in Man and Beaft; the fame thing the Li-
quid Juice will do alfo.

XIII. The Juice or Emulfion of the Seel. An
Ounce. of the Seed, will make twenty or twenty four
Dofes for a Man or Woman, it is an excellent thing
againlt hot, fait, and lharp defluxions of Rheum fal-
ling upon the Lungs, eafes Coughs, tho1 never fo ex-
tream, and is good againft pains of the Spleen, and
Womb, and Hyfterick Fits, or Fits of the Mother •
it Hops all forts of Fluxes of the Bowels, as Diar^
thoea’s, Difenteria’s, Lienteria’s, and Hepatick Flux
as alfo the overflowing of the Terms, and the Whites’
in Women.

VI. The Times. They fpring out of the Ground
all April, and in May, and do both Flower in July ,
and in Augitft , the Seed being perfefted in Ol/ober ,
when growing ripe, if it is fullered to (hed or fall,
it fprings up again every Year.

VII. The Vitalities. They are cold in the fourth
degree, and dry in the fecond or third, they are Ano-
dyne, Aftringent, Emphrafiiive , Repercuffive, Ar-
thritick, and Venefick.

VIII. The Specification. They ate good againft
inflamations of the Eyes , Sciatica , Gout, Rheuma-
tifm, Kings-Evil, hot Tumors of the Cods, and of
Womens Btealls, noife, deafnefs,. and pains in the
Eats , it prevails againft Coughs , and Fits of the
Mother.

XIV. The Oil of the Seel by lnfalation orExpref
fion. Dropped into the Ears it is good againft noife
and pain there, as alfo againft thicknefs of hearing
and kills Worms in the Ears; anointed on the joints
of Gouty People, it gives eafe to the pain and affiva-
ges the dwelling of the part: The Oil by Infolation
is good for all the aforenamed things, but the F.xprel-
fed Oil is five times more powerlul and efficacious,
■and therefore the rather to be chofen.

XV. The Seed in ftbftance. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Juice or Emulfion of the Seed at Seft.
XIII. above, befides which it is a molt excellent thing
to be given about ten or fifteen Grains at a time (ac-
cording to the Age of the Petfon) tofuch as fils a

■ Bed, or cannot hold their Water, being continued
for feme time ; and by this Remedy alone I have
U u u cured

ej 14 Salmon £

cured feveral Young Perions , (even Women kind ,
which are the molt difficult) who had been troubled
with the fame many Vears, the Cure Succeeding be-
yond expectation : The Emulfion of the Seed will
alfo do the fame thing, but whether it is fo power-
ful as the Seed in fubltance I will not determine,
becaufe a great Virtue may relide in the Hulls or
Husks of the Seed, which in the Emulfion are all
call away -. but if the Emulfion be made with all the
Husks of the Seed in it, I know not but then it may
do as well as the Seed in fubftance it /elf-, it the
Seed is given in fubltance, it ought tirlt to be all
bruifed in a Stone or Glals Mortar, and then mixed
with the pulp of a roafted Apple, ol other PrE>Pj'r
Vehicle, and fo given (for fome time) every Night
going to Bed. , ,r

XVI. The Dccotfion of Routs . Herb, or Seed, it
the Feet are wafhed herewith it caufes Sleep , and
given in a Clyfter it does the fame , lo alfo bathed
upon the Temples and Forehead, and a little fluffed
up the Nofttils alfo-, it has all the Virtues of the
green Leaves , Liquid Juice and Lffence at Seel. X.
XI. XII. if in like manner applied, but the Decotti-
011 is much the weaker Preparation, and ought there-
fore to be the oftner ufed : The DecoSion of the
green Husks of the Flowers has alfo the fame Vir-
tues.

XVII. T he Vinegar of the Root, green Hat), or
green Hush. It is made by Infufion in [harp White
Wine Vinegar, either by Infolation, Digellion in a
Sand heat, or gentle boiling , or digelting in a boil-
ing Balneo ; if it is held in the Mouth it eafes the
pains of the Teeth, given inwardly in a fmall Dole,
as from half a Dram ro a Dram, or more, in fome
lit Vehicle, it caui'es Reft and Sleep, more efpecial-
ly if it is alfo bathed upon the Noftrils, Forehead,
and Temples, and a Role Cake dipped in the fame
be applied to the Temples bathed upon places infla-
med, tumified, or pained, or aftefted with the Gout,
it eafes them; it alfo allwages the fwelling of the
Spleen, and eafes its pain.

Lib. i.

XVIII. The Ext raft of the Juice of the Roots and
Leaves. The Juice being produced by exprejfion is to
be inf pi (fated in a gentle Sand heat , or in the Sun . till
it comes to perfect drynefs of a Gum.wbicb done.it is- to
be reduced, by beating in a Mortar. to a grofs Ponder,
and then it :is fit for extraction -. this is done two ways ,
viz. cither with fair Water , or with Spirit oj H me -.
you mufi dijfolve it in either the one or the other Mcn-
flruum in' a gentle Balneo, or in a gentle Sand heat ,
and keep it in that digejUon forty eight Hours . J ba-
king it two or three times a day-, then being Jcttled
till it is perfectly fine, decant off the clear Tintlure.
which rejerve , put more , either fair Water, or Spi-
rit of Wine, and ext rail again cut before, till no more
Tintlure will- arife -. decant this clear Tintlure. which
hut -to the former refereed Tintlure . cafling the feces
away-, this Tintlure. whether Aqueous or Vinous. put
into a proper Vcfiel. if it is an Aqueous Tintlure
you may put it into a Glafs Bafon . or well glazed
Earthen Bafon, and in a gentle Sand heat' evaporate
to drynefs, and then it is done ; hut if it is a Spiri-
tuous Tintlure, put it into a Glafs Body or Vefica,
which fit with a Glafs Head, and in a gentle Sand
heat, or in Balneo, draw off the Spirit, till the Mag-
ma remaining is oj the lhicknefs of new Honey , or
foinething thicker ; the Spirit you may keep for the
like ufe again , the ExtraS you may take out, (by
breaking the Glafs Body) and keep it in a Pot or Box
clofe covered from the Air. It is Soporiferous and
Narcotick, diffolved in Water or Vinegar, and ufed
outwardly, it will do all that the green Leaves
Liquid Juice, Eflence, or Decoffion can do ; if it i;
diffolved in Canary, or other Wine, it is good a

gainft Deafnefs, or dulnefs of hearing, nqife and
pains in the F.ars , and held in the Mouth it gives
eafe in the Toothjch ; and fo diffolved in Wine, or
orlierwife in Spirit of Wine, it may be given from
twenty to thirty, or forty drops, or more, in any
convenient Vehicle, to caufe Reft and Sleep, and to
eafe the pains of the Spleen and Bowels, or pains in
other parts of the Body, it operating not much dif-
ferent from an Opiate -, and this Extract is that Juice
of Henbane which you ought to put into the Com-
pofition when you Confeft the Laudanum Optatum
Paracelji.

XIX. The Oil or Ointment of the Roots, or green
Leaves, or oj their Juice. It is made by a trebble
addition of -the Vegetable matter to the Oil Olive, or
Hogs Lard, or mixture of Oil and Sheeps Suet , every
time infolating and boiling till the aqueous particles
are all conj timed. It is good to cool inhumations ,
and eafe pain proceeding from a hot caufe; if it is
made (inftead of the Hogs Lard, or mixture, fie.)
with Unguent am Populcon , it will give admirable
eafe in the Gout, alfwage the pain and fwelling of
the Tefticlcs, and the Inftamations and Tumors in
Womens Brealts; it eafes all pains of the Joints,
and in any other parr , and will perform what the
Leaves, Juice or Fffcnce can do.

XX. The Cataphjin oj the Roots or Leaves. If
applied to fimple recent Contufions it dilTipates the
Tumor, or prevents its rifing, and quickly cures it;
if made by boiling them foft in Red Port Wine, and
applied to Womens Breafts, or to the Teftides, or
other like painful Tumors, it eal'es the pain and af-
fwages the fwelling; applied to the Temples and
Forehead it eafes the Headach, gives Reft, and in-
duces Sleep ; that made without Wine is good to be
applied to pains in the Reins , and to the brawny
parts of the Arms and Legs , but it ought to be ap-
plied hot; that made with Wine Js an excellent
thing againft the Sciatica , and the Gout in Hands
or Feet.

XXI. The fomentation. It is made of the Wins
in which the former Cataplalm was boiled , adding
to every Pint thereof a Dram or two of Oleum Tar-
tar! per deliquium ; it allays Infiamations , difeuffes
Tumors or Swellings proceeding from heat, and ea-
fes any pain proceeding from a hot caufe , or hot
and (harp Humors ; it is good alfo to bath therewith
Hands and Feet which ate apt to be hard and dry ;
it is.alfo good to hold in the Mouth for theTooth-
ach, and to foment that fide of the Cheek and Jaw
therewith, it giving prefent eafe to the pain.

XXII. The limes of the dryed Root , Herb, or
Seed. The Fume of dryed Root, Herb, Stalks, or
Seed , being burned , and the Hands held over the
Fume thereof, will quickly cure fuch as are troubled
with Swellings or Chilblains in the Winter, the fame
done to fuch as have Kibes in their Heels it will
quickly heal them, tho’ inveterate and very bad; it
alfo cures the Toothach.

XXIII. The Dijiilled Water of the Root, Herb ,
flowers. 1 1 is effectual to all the purpofes for which
the green Leaves, Juice, Effence, Infufion, Decocti-
on, lie. ate ufed, but is much weaker than they ; it
clears the Skin, being walhed with it, of heat, Pim-
ples, hot eruptions, or breakings out. Herpes, Scurf;
Morphew, Yellownefs, and other Deformities, i&c.

XXIV. The Vencfick. It is made of the expref-
fed Juice of Root or Herb, digefted in a Glafs Body
in a very gentle Sand heat for a Week ; mixed with
any proper matter, as Palte, Bread, Meat, lie. it
kills Rats and Mice, or other Vermine: this Vene-
fick mixed with fome of the Diftilled Water kills
Nits and Lice , the Head and parts affe8ed being
waffled therewith; it alfo affwages Tumors, cools.

inflama-

Chap. 3 <5 1. . E/%

itiHgmatioiis, alleviates pain, and gives eale in the
Gout, the parts arfefted being often bathed there-
with.

XXV'. The Cure oj fuel) us are Poyjoned with
Henbane. It' it is recent, the hilt and only thing
which is to be done is, to give an Emetick,’ which
may be 'Tartar Emetic k, Yinum Antimomale , Vimtth
Bemiittum , or fome fuck Antimonial Vomit, which!
when it has almott done working,1 its force down-
wards ought to be encouraged , by giving this Cly-
ltet. 1 'like ' Mutton Broth or Pojjet-Drink a Pi, it .
brown Sugar four Ounces, mix, melt , and. exhibit it
warm-, by this means all the Viicera or Bowels will
be effectually cleared of. the Poyfon , then give to
the Patient Goats Milk, or Mead, or Honied Water
or Pine Kernels with fweet. Wine, or if thefe be not
at Hand, give feline/ , or TSill, or Caraway Seed in
Pouder, A ettle Seed, or Seed of Milliard or Jtadijhrs
in Wine; alio Onions of Garlick taken in Wine do
all help to free them from the danger, and reltore
them to their due Temper again; laltly, being put
to Bed give two or three Drams of Mithridale of
Venice Treacle in a Glals of Canary, cover them
down warm, and let them left upon it.

XXVI. .i Uijlory. Parkinfon gives a Relation
of one who digging up fome Parfncp Roots in d
Garden, by chance alfo dug up fome Henbane Rco s
which grew among them, they being both very like
one another, as is before related; thefe Henbane
Roots were boiled with the Parfneps , and drefled
with them, and they were eaten at Supper; the
Perfon who gave the relation hereof Paid that he eat
of them , and was prefently after very dry. and the
drought was fo great, that nothing he could take
would quench it, his Tatte was depraved, and his
relifli of things was taken away ; fuddenly alfo his
Sight was' troubled , fo that lie cotild not difeern
things as they were, but as if they were three or
tour fold ; his Urine was alfo quite .flopped, fo that
notwithftanding he- had a great defire to make Wa-
ter, yet ft was wholly .obltfuHed fin this find Con-
dition' Re 'cfiMtlAu'ed for ntofl? pi)rt of thfe Night, nei-
ther could- hb reft of ’fieep being- in Bed, but his
Urine, by the ftoppage rhareofj grew fo. hot within
him, that it added much to his Grief; at length he
bethought himlelf of a Medicine, which was good
againft the Stone, it was a Pouder, he prefently took
it, and it caufed him to make Water, and thereby he
felt incredible eafe in his whole Body, for all things
which he had takeri before did him no good ; but by
this means he quickly recovered his Sight, and the
other Symptoms vanifh’d, and by Morning lie was
very well: The Servants alfo who did eat of this
Mefs were Diftempefd, fome more, fome lefs, ac-
cording to their feeding, and the ftrength of then-
habit of Body, or Conftitution, operating together.

XXVII. An Obfervatiott. Mountebanks and
Quack-Salvers -pretend to cure the Toothach with
the Fumes of the burned Seed , and to bring many
Worms out of the Teeth and Gums therewith, it is
true that the Fumes of the Seed will give eafe in
that pain, but the pretence of Worms falling out of
the Teeth is a Cheat which they put upon the by-
itanders, for. thefe Vile Fellows, to deceive thofe
from whom they would get Money, caufe the Pati-
ents to hold their Mouths over a Bafon or Bowl of
fair warm Water , they receive the Fumes of the
burning Seeds up a Funnel ; thefe Seeds are ftuck
fall upon a Hick , with a great many fmall bits of
very fine Lute String, which being mixed with the
Rofin, and fixed on the Hick, with the Seeds after-
wards, while the Rofin is hot, as the Roiiny flick
is then kindled and bums, melting the Rofin, and qs

\Hjb 'Herbs. 5 1 ^

the Rofin burns die bumes go up die Hint® into the
Mouth, and rlie Seeds built, and the vciv ins.ill bits
oi die Lute String fail into the Water, which leem
to move or ftir themielves, whereby the lookers on
tlwik them to be live Worms come our from rlit
Teeth and Gums, whereas in trutli they are nothing
but thefe bits of Lure String mixed and "blended with
tlie Koiin juft' fallen down by means of the Fire, tot
it is the property of thofe Lute Srrings, that feeling
the heat of tire hire, and all'o falling inro warm Wa-
ter, to leem to ftir and to move about in the Water
as if they were alive.

C H A P. CCCLXI.

Of H F, N BANE White.

TH E Names. It is called in Greek, 'TormauQ-
rtvxli : in Latm Hyojcyamus alb us •, and in
EnglWs, white Henbane.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral forts, as i. Hy-
ojcyamus a/bus , (fo called by all Authors) White
Henbane* and this is major , the greater kind, for
Bauhinus makes two of rhem. 2. Hyojcyamus a lb us
minor , The leffer white Henbane : whether they be
one and the fame Plant ( as Parkinfon fays they are )
is hard to determine, fince difference 'in Soil may
make a very fenfible difference both in Growth and
Magnitude : however with Bauhinus we fJiall here
admit them to be. two and fo John Jon upon Ge-
rard allows them. 3. Hyojcyamus Creticus ■, Hyof*
cyamus albus Creticus , White Henbane of Candy 5
and this Clufius makes to be twofold, as alio does
Bauhinus , which are a greater and a lelfer, tho5 Par-
kinfon will have them to be but one, and this larger
fort is that which he thinks to be the Hyofcyamus
Luteus Diofcoridis : but thefe in their figure and
Uuu e Defcription

576 Salmon s Herbal, Lib. I.

Dercription are much different. 4. Hyofcyamus a/bus
Creticus Clufij , Hyofcyamus albus Creticus alter, lie
other white Henbane of Candy ; and this is tnat
which is defcribed by Johnfon in his Gerard. ^

III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or White Hen-
bane, ( which is the greater kind ) hats a Root which
is not much unlike to that of the Common Henbane,
but leljer , and perifhes every Tear after it has given
Seed : this has divers large Leaves, but not lo large
as the Common , yet more loft and woolly -, and tho
very much torn in or jagged on the edges, yet not
fo much as the former, fomethmg rounder alio, and
of a paler green color: the Stalks grow higher, and
With fewer Branches on them. The flowers jre in
Form like to the Vulgar , but 1'maller, and of a pale
color, enclining to a tvhitilh yellow : the Seed
likewife grows in fuch like hard Husks but lels
pricklv, and is whiter but the Smell of the whole
Plant is nothing fo foporiferous, offenfive and heady
as the tirft kind in the former Chapter.

IV. The feconi , or Lclfer white Henbane. This

differs not much in the Root, Stalk, Branches, or
manner of Growing from the former White Henbane,
■but that it feems to be every ways lefs : the Leaves
alto as they are fmaller, lo they are much rounder,
having indented Scallops upon them, and hanging
upon pretty long Foot-ftalks. The Flowers and
Seed-veflels are very like to thole lait defcribed m
the former Seftion. _ , ,

V. The third, or White Henbane of Candy, has a
Root which is fomewhat thick and fhort, like 0. Na-
vew Root, dying with us every Tear. It has leljer
and thinner Leaves than the firft White, more white
and woolly, and much more cut in on the edges,
dented alfo, and Handing upon longer Foot-ftalks.
The Stalks are more tender and (hort, having fuch
like Flowers, ending in full round Leaves, Handing
higher above the Husks, of a lair yellow, and feme-
times of a pale yellow color, and purple at thebot-
tom. After which (being palfed away ) there comes
forth Heads of Seed much like the Common kind,
but fomewhat yellower , or ol a lighter color, and
in rounder Heads or Husks.

VI. The fourth, or Other white Henbane of Can-
dy. It has a Root which is /efficiently thick and large,
with many fibres or Strings adjoining to it. This is
a fofter and tenderer Plant than the fecond or third
before delcribed -, the Leaves alio hang upon long
Foot-ftalks, and are covered over with a i'oft Dow-
nineis and they are fomewhat broader than the fe-
cond abov e, and more finuated, and fomewhat re-
fernbte the Form of a Vine Leal, being alfo Trapped
or notched about the edges. The Stalks are alfo
covered with a white color. The Flowers are of a
Gold yellow, with a Velvet kind of Circle in their,
middle. This is the Defcription ol that which Clu-
fuis had fiom his Friend Jatptes Plateau, who had
the Plant in his Garden, growing from the Seed
which he received from Candy.

VII. The Places. The firft of thefe grow in Nar-
hne in prance, near the Sea fide. The fecond grows
alfo in hot ( limes, and where the foft of thefe
grows. The tltiid and fourth are Natives of Candy ,
and grow alfo in Spain : but all thefe kinds grow
with us here in England only in Gardens.

VIII. Tim Times. They all Power towards the
latter part of July, and alfo in Auguft ; and their
Seed is ripe in Ottober ; but it does not often come
to FcrfeEtion with us, by reafon of the Coldnefs ol
our Cline.

IX. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and
Virtues of thefe are exactly the fame with thole of

the Black Henbane, laving that thefe are not fo cold
as thofe, as not exceeding the third Degree.

X. Not a. The Black Henbanes are both account-
ed to be more dangerous than the White, an., there-
fore to be avoided as much in inward Medicines as
may be, unlefs adminiltred by a skilful Hand, or ex-
cept in the cafe of Necefiity, when the White is not
to be had. The White if; chiefly to be ufed in inter-
nal Phyfick; and is very available for all the good
Intentions which the Black are Paid to be ufeful ior,
and therefore to be cholen.

CHAP. CCCLXII.

Of H E N B I T,

0 R,

CHICKWEED Ivy-leaved.

i.np H E Names. It has no known Greek Name ;

JL but it is called in Latin, Hederacea , Alfine
Hederula, Morfus Gallinn ; and in Engliffi, Henbit,
or Ivy-leavd Chickweed.

II. The Kinds. There are two Kinds hereof, viz.

1. Hederacea major, Alfine Hederula major, Alfine
HcderuU folio major , Alfine folio Hederuhe major
Lobelij, Morfus Gallinct major. The greater Henbit.

2. Hederacea minor , Alfine folio hederula minor, E-
latine prior T ha/ij Iff Lugdunenfis , Alfine /puna
prior Doionai, Alfine Hirjuta Corner an], Centuncu-
lus birfutior Cafalpini, Alfine Hederacea minor,
Morfus Galline minor, and Morfus Galhne hedcru-
ls folio Lobelij , The leffer Henbit.

Hen Ut oi

(jroundjfvtj leauccl ChicKweca

III. The Defcriptions. The firft, cr Great Hen-
bit. It has a bunched fibrous Root, which' is tough,

firiking

Chap. 362.

Efigmt)

'Herb,

s.

5l7

Hr iking fir, at into the Ground, and pcrijhcs every
Year. From this Root fpri.ng forrh feveral ieeole
Stalks, growing alnloff upright, or a little enclimng
towards 'the Ground, having ac certain diltances ie-
veral joints thereon.- The Leaves are of an A/ehxj
or Ground Ivy Form, a 1 mo 11 round-, and not much
unlike thole of tile Dead Nettle , they are a little
dented in on the edges, of a dull green color, and
iomewhat hairy, as the Stalks alfo are, which have
at every Joint fueh round dented Leaves as grow be-
io.v - but whereas thole which grow below, grow
upon pretty long Foot-ffalks, thefe which grow
higher at the Joints of the Leaves, are without
Foot-ltalks, and encompals the Stalk at their bot-
toms From the Bolbms of thefe Leaves, trom the
middle of the Stalk upwards, come forth (lender
blew Flowers, tending to purple, and hooded, not
much unlike to thole o Y Germander, or like thofe of
the Small Dead Nettle , which being pall away’ fmall
Seed follows after them in their places.

IV. T be fecond , or Small Henbit-. It has a Root
which is fmall , and fibrous or thready: This Plant
grows lower, and more leaning upon the Ground
with its Stalks and Branches , which are lomewhat
hairy, alio fmall, and more tender than the former,
with feveral Joints thereon ; the Leaves are thin and
hairy, fomething broad, yet nothing fo large as thofe
of the Greater , which very much refemble a Dead
Nettle , or Ground-Ivy Leaf, whereas the Leaves of
thefe are dented in with two gafhes in the fides ,
which makes them a little reprefent the Climbing
Ivy , whence the Name in both of them, and in fome-
fort thefe Leaves refemble the back of a Bee when
ihe flies ^ the Joints of the Stalks and Branches are
fet alfo with two Leaves of like form at a Joint, e-
ven up to the tops of the fame ; the Flowers grow
at the tops, and come forth alfo from the bottoms
of the Leaves, at the Joints , upon long Footftalks ,
confifting of five fmall, blew, round pointed Leaves ^
and the Seed is fmall , contained in little round
Heads.

V. The Places. Thele Plants grow upon Hills
and Mountains in feveral pares or Italy, Spain , France ,
arid England , and 1 have found them growing alio
in the Hilly and Mountainous parts of Honda-, they
grow in Fields alfo after the Com is off', and in
fome Gardens.

VI. The Times. They both Flower in June and
July , and the Seed ripens in Auguft.

Vlf. The Vitalities , Specification , Preparations
and Virtues of thefe are probably the fame with the
other Chickmeds in Chap. 127. aforegoing, but ocher-
wife Authors have faid nothing of them from Expe-
rience of what they may poflibly perform, but ic is
very likely, that being in taffe very much agreeing
unto the common forts of Chick-weed. , their dualities
and Virtues may not be much differing.

HERBAGE. See Grafs. Chap. 327.

HERB GERARD. See Gout wort. Chap. 326.
HERB CARPENTER. See Self-heal. Chap.
HEI^B BENNET. See Avens. Chap. 41.

HERB GRACE. See Rue. Chap.

HERB IVY. See Groundpine. Chap. 330.

HRRB PARIS. See Oneberry. Chap.

HERB TRINITY. See Hearts-Eafe. Chap. 346.
HERB TRUE-LOVE: See Oneberry. Chap.

HERB TWO-PENCE. See Moneywort. Chap.
HERB WILLIAM. See Bifhopfweed. Chap. 74.
HERB "WILLOW. See Looftrife. Chap.
HERCULES ALLHEAL. See Woundwort Hercules.
Chap.

CHAP. CCCLXIII.

Of HEPvB CHRISTOPHER.

IIE Names. It has no known Greek Name,

A nor fcarce any good Latine Name , but it is
called by moft Authors Chrifiophoriana , alfo Herb a
Chrifiophori , C? Santti Chrifiophori , but for what
caufe or refpeft is not known, and in Englifh Herb
Cbnfiopher.

II. The Kinds. Gerard lays, that tho’ this Plant
be none of the Bindweeds , or of thole which have
need of fupporting , fo as it might climb up upon
any thing, yet becaufe it bears Grapes, or duffers of
Berries, it might have been numbred among the’^-
tkMi or Vine like Plants: There are two Kinds of
this Herb , viz. 1 . Chrifiophoriana vulgaris , Our
Common Herb Chriftopher. Lugdunenfis calls it
Napellus Leucanthemos , fome Aconitum Baccijerum,
others Napellus Racemofius , fome call it Cofius niger ,
but that is a vain Name ^ Pena and. Lobe l almoft
make it Alicea Plinij Lib. 7. Cap. 7. becaufe his
Attcea bears black Berries, but doubdefs Pliny's Affaa
is Ebulus , which has a rough Stalk, whereas this
has a fmooth -, but Paulus JEgineta interprets the
Root of Alicea to be the Root of Sambucus : Bauhi-
nus calls it Aconitum Racemofium fome call it Scro-
phularia Chrifiophori : Camerarius calls ic Luparia ,
which is a kind of Wolfsbane , but Parkinfon no t
finding therein by the taffe any pernicious quality ,
could not judge it to be any of thefe dangerous and
pernicious Herbs. 2. Chrifiophoriana Americana ,
Chrifiophoriana Canadenfis , Chrifiophoriana Ameri-
cana vel Floridiana Baccis niveis Ef rubris Jacobus
Cornutus in his Canadenfium Plantarum Hfioria calls
it by the Name Pan aces xdwtiov, five Racemofium Ca-
na denfe

I

8

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. 1.

mdenje *, but why he calls it Panax is very obfcure,
.fince it is not manifeft that it is any Wound Herb j
we in Englijh call it Herb Chriftopher of America.

Ilk The Defcriptidns. T be firft , or Our Com-
mon Herb Chriftopher , has a thick long Root, black
without and yellowijh within, like Box, with Jcvcral
great fibres or blackijh Strings adjoining thereunto,
trailing and creeping far abroad in the Earth, by
which it greatly increafes , not periling in the W in-
ter, all ho' the Stalks and Leaves die away every dear,
frcfh Jprtnging up again from the fame Root the next
Spring-, it hr ft 1 hoots forth divers green Stalks of
Leaves half a Foot long, which are divided or made
Into three parts, and fometimes into five, the lower
parts ftanding for the molt part one againft another,
or not much diftant, and the other at the end. of the
Stalk, each of thefe parts confifts of three Leaves,
leparate afunder, ftanding upon fmall Footftalks,
which Leaves are fomething broad , and ending in a
point, fome of them cut in on the edges more deep-
ly, and all of them dented about the edges, of a fad
green color ; from among thef'e Leaves rife up feve-
ral fomewhat weak, fmooth, and round Stalks, halt
a Yard or two Feet high, yet not bending, but ftand-
ing upright , having three or four fuch like Leaves
thereon as grew below, but with (hotter Footftalks^
at the tops of the Stalks ftand a Tuft or Bu(h of
white Flowers , every one confifting of five imall
Leaves , with many whitilh Threads in the middle ,
after which, when fallen, come fmall round Berries,
green at the firft, and afterwards black when they
are ripe, having upon one fide a ftreaked furrow or
hollownefs , and growing near together , after the
manner of a Clulter or Bunch of Grapes : where note,
that Gerard in his Defcription fays, i. That the
Stalks are not much above a Foot long or high.

That the Leaves are of a light green color. 7. That
the Flowers growing at the tops of the Stalks in
fpokie Tufts, confiltbut of four little white Leaves
apiece. 4. Thai the Berries, or fruit, tho they are
round, yet they are alfo fomewhat long withal. _

IV. The fecund, or Herb Chriftopher of America.

It has a thick, jhort, crooked, black Root , not growing
downwards , nor creeping , but having many rib res
adjoining to it -, it (hoots forth in the Spring many
reddilh Stalks , about a Foot high , with feveral
Leaves thereon, divided into many parts, fomewhat
jefembling the former, but larger, rougher, and of a
ladder green color, at the tops whereof ftand a large
Tuft of white Flowers, compofed in a manner whol-
ly of Threads , yet if they be more nearly viewed ,
there will appear for every Flower fix fmall white
Leaves, with their Threads in the middle, encompaf-
fing a round green Button, which coming to maturi-
ty is either white, with a purplilh tip, ftanding on
a* (hort Footftalk, or wholly reddifh*, 1 found many
of them in Carolina, but the Berries were of lb deep
a red as they feeirfd to be black , and when dead
ripe were indeed perfectly black.

V. The Places. The firft grows generally in the
Woods or Mountains which are fomewhat open, and
not too much (hadowed, and other like places, as
well in England as other Countries.*, it grows in the
North parts of this Land, near unto the Houfe for-
merly Sir William Bowes-, alfo Gerard lays he had it
growing and hour idling in his Garden, being Plants
which he received from. Robinus of Paris-, I alfo
once found it growing near Forty Y ears agone in
Hornfey-W ood : The fecond grows both in ours and
the french Plantations in Florida, as thofe of Caro-
lina- and Canada, and that in much plenty.

VI. T be Times. They Flourifii and Flower in the
end of May , alfo in June and July , and the Fruit
is ripe in July and Auguft.

VII. As to the Qualities , Specification , Prepara-
tions or Virtues of the firft we can (ay little or no-
thing, having had no experience thereof j and Authors
are not agreed about them , fome , as Cam cr arias ,
Lugduncnfis , and Gerard, taking it to be a kind of
Aconitum, or Wolfsbane, will have it to be of a per-
nicious , poyfonous , and deadly quality , whereas
Pena and Lobe l feem to think otherwile-, and Par-
kinfon fays, that tho’ many good Authors held it
dangerous , yet he in his Judgment could not thin£
fo, not finding therein by the tafte any pernicious
quality, as is before noted ^ and whereas it is repott-
ed that the Inhabitants of the Mountains and places
where it grows do generally hold it to be a moft
dangerous and deadly Poyfon, both to Man and Bead,
and that they ufe to kill Wolves herewith, yet Par-
kinfon does think that the Herb which thofe Inhabi-
tants do think to be fo dangerous and Mortal, is the
Aconitum LycoUonum , or Lupicida , which grows
in thofe places , and that it is not this Our Herb
Chriftopher , but that thefe dangerous Qualities are
put upon it purely by a miftake.

VIII. As to the * Qualities and Virtues of the fe-
cond, or American Herb Chriftopher , the faid Jaco-
bus Cornutus fays that it is eaten familiarly both by
the Natives and by the french which inhabit in thofe
parts as a Sallet Herb, and I my felf'who have been
in thofe parts for fome Years, have feveral times eat-
en of the Fruit without any danger.

CHAP. CCCLXIV.

Of HERB FRANKINCENSE
Narrow Leav’d,

. ' OR,

ALLHEAL Fennel Leav’d.

TH E Names,
rev

It is called in Greek tat&vw
■vSfvMti, in Latine Libanotis Angufti folia, in
Englijh Herb frankincenfe narrow Leav'd , or Fennel
Leav'd Alft-mal. The Arabians call it Xair Almari-
ani, A fpjnaj/acl^ 'Caleb at a, or- Cachola.

II. The Kinds. There are many Kinds of Herb
Frankinctyf* -in •Authors, we fh'all only deferibe the
following principal Kinds, viz. 1. Libanotis Angu -
ftifolia. Narrow Leav’d Herb Frankincenfe, of which
in this prefent Chapter. 2. Libanotis Latifolia, Broad
Leav’d Herb Frankincenfe, or Frankincenfe Allheal,
of which in the next Chapter.

III. The Kinds of the Narrow Leav'd Herb fran-

kincehfe , or fennel Leav'd frankincenfe Allheal.
Authors make feveral varieties of this Plant , we
(hall only Treat of the following Seven Kinds, as
being chief, viz. 1 . Libanotis ferula folio Diofcori-
dis, Theophrafti, Galeni , (whofe Seed is called Ca-
chrys, or Canchrys, as it is in fome Copies, becaule
of its fiery tafte ) It is the Libanotis Cacbryfera Ca-
merarij, Cachrys vera vel verier Lobelij , Libanotis
Galeni, Libanotis Candida Cafalpini , Fennel Leav’d
Herb Frankincenfe. As for KtLyjui, vel it

is (aid by Diofcorides Lib. 3. Cap. 87. to be Fruftus
Tel Semen Libanotidis , and fo we take it, fee Theo-
phraftus Lib. 9. Cap. 1 2. 2. Libanotis ferula folio
if Semine Bauhini , Panax Afclepium ferula facie
Lobelij, Panaces Afclepium Dodonai, Lobel his Fen-
nel Leav’d Herb Frankincenfe , Allheal , or Wound-
Wort of Efeu/apius. 3. Panax Afclepium Alattbio/i,
Panaces Afclepium Lugdunenfis, & alter um , Panax

Afclepium

Chap. 364. Englijh Herbs. 51^

Afclcpium primum Libanolidi fecund# fimilis Baubi-
lii , Matthiolus his Efculapius Allheal , or Wound-
VVorc. 4. Panax Afclepium Apulum Column# , Pa-
nax Semine Foliofo Btnthini , Columns his Efculapius
Allheal, or Woundwort of Naples. y. Panax Aj-
clcpium Anguilar # Cf Cameron] , Libanotis fecunda
' Fabcrmmontani , Libanotis nigra Ccefalpini, Camera-
rius his Herb Frankincenfe Fennel Leav’d, or Efcula-
pius his Allheal of Candy. 6. Libanotis minor Lhn-
bella Candida , Libanotis Septentrionalium Herbaria-
rum Lobelij , Libanotis minima Lugdunenfis , Small
fennel Leav’d Herb Frankincenfe , or Allheal. 7.
Libanotis ferulacea Germanics , Thalius in his Har-
, \nia Syha calls it Libanotis v^LmuiuAs, German
Fennel Leav’d Herb Frankincenfe, or Allheal.

IV. The Defcriptions. T be firji , or Fennel Heav’d
Herb Frankincenfe. It has a Root which grows deep ,
and (breads much , and with many Branches fixes it
felf in the Ground , larger than a great Parfhep at
the top , and white both on the out fide and on the
infide , with a Pith in the middle , but it is fo brittle ,
that you muft handle it very tenderly if you dejire not
to break it, and when cut or broken it fends forth a
clammy pale Juice , of an odoriferous , (harp, piercing
fine if not much unlike to that of Limons, and endures
in the Earth many Tears ; from the head of this Root
(hoot feveral bulhy, great, reddifh Stalks of Leaves,
of a frelh green color , being fomething thicker and
longer than thofe of the ferula , and (hotter than
thofe of Peucedanum , or Hog-fennel , yet often and
in many places fet three together, of a quick aroma-
tick fmell , coming fomewhat near to that of a Li-
man ; from among thefe Leaves rifes up (fometimes,
but not every Year with us in England ) a good large
Stalk , but neither fo great nor half fo high as the
ferula , not much exceeding a Yard in height, nor
much higher than the Stalks with Leaves, fpreading
it felf out into very many Ramifications or Branches,
which at their tops beat Umbles of yellow Flowers,
which being paft away ate followed by a good large
fort of whitifh yellow Seed, round, and a little long
withal, fomewhat crefted on the outfide, being join-

ed two and two together, as is very ufual in moff
lerulous Plants, which makes one fide fiat, the fma 1
Footftalkof the Leaves running up between, and is
(aid to be Cauffick, or burning, for which rcalon the
Name K«V»”f> Canehrys , is given to it; This, as it
is a rare, fo tt is a molt excellent, goodly, and no-
ble Plant, of a vaft value in many Cafes.

V. The fccond, or Lobel his Fennel Leav’d Herb,
Frankincenfe. It has a Root which is fmall, and not
growing deep into the Ground , nor abides after it
has given Seed , its fmell and tafle not being much re -
finous or Sharp ; this Plant grows nothing fo high
or great as the ferula , but With fine Leaves like un-
to it, and at the tops of all the Branches Umbles of
yellow Flowers, but the Seed which follows is broad,
not fo fmall as fennel , but more like to that of the
ferula , of a little quick or brisk talte and fmell.

VI. The third , or Matthiolus his Efculapius All-
heal. Its Root like to the /aft is fmall , but no ways
anfwe ruble to a Ferula; the whole Plant is lefs than
ferula , the Stalks are not fo large nor fo tall , the

Leaves are finer, fmaller, and fhorter than thofe of
that Plant, the Umble of Flowers is fmaller alfo, and
the Seed lefler in proportion to all the reft of its
parts.

VII. The fourth , or Columns his Efculapius or
Woundwort of Naples, It has a fmall fender Root,
with a buf] of hairs at the top, of the bignefs of ones
Thumb, with a thick rugged Bark, of a whitifh yellow
color on the outfide, and a fpungy, white , and woody
Pith within , full of a clammy white Milk , hardning
quickly into a Gum, which is bitter and \Jhdrp in tafle,
and unpleafant , but yet aromatical ; the Stalks of
Leaves which are fpread next the Ground in a round
form at head of the Root are cut into feveral long
hairs, as it were thick fet together , fomewhat like
unto Common Tarrow, and hairy wilhal, which is not
feen in the other Kinds, or rather like unto fennel
Leaves, but bigger, having feven winged Leaves fet
on a pretty large Stalk, five bigger and two fmaller,
which are next the hairy Stalk, being green at the
firft, but changing yellow when it grows towards
Flowering, which with the Leaves is about half a
Yard long ; from among thefe Stalks of Leaves rifes
up but one main Stalk, which is (lender, and about
two or three Feet high fometimes , having fome
Joints, but no Leaves thereon to the very top, where
ulually grow but one or two fmall Tufts or Umbles
■of yellow Flowers, but fpread a little largely, and
growing clofer and rounder as it turns to Seed, which
are Hat, and winged on both fides, two growing to-
gether, as is ufual in all other Umbelliferous Plants,
whereon, as alfo on the Stalk, is often found a fweet
fmelling Gum, as clear as Turpentine, or Gum Ara-
bick, which will fcarcely diffolve in Water without
heat ; the like alfo is taken from the Root cut in
pieces, but it is yellower, becaufe it muft be forced
out by the Fire. Columna fays that this Panax Af-
clepium. is the trueft of any which has been deferibed
by any other Author, and that it grows frequently
in Apulia, anfwering in every part the Defcriptions
thereof in Diofcorides and Theophraftus.

VIII. The fifth , or Camerarius his Herb Frankin-
cenfe Fennel Leav’d, or Efculapius his Allheal of
Candy. It has Roots like the former, and rifies up
with a round Fennel like Stalk fix or J, even feet high,
or more , with feveral Joints thereon, divided into
Branches ol Leaves, larger than fennel, and fmaller
than ferula, ol a dark green color on the upper fide,
and of a blewifh green underneath, with large Um-
bles of yellow Flowers at the tops, which being paft
away will turn into broad, flat, winged Seed, of a
relinous finell and tafte, the Leaves being much more
mild, and yielding a whitilft Milk, nothing fo hot
or ftrong in fmell as ferula.

IX. T hi

5

20

Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. I.

IX. The Jixth, or Small Fennel Leav’d Herb Fran-
kincenfe, or Allheal. It has a great and white Root,
divided into fever al Branches , and with a bufh oj
hairs above ; it is a fmall Herb, and has divers Leaves
lying upon the Ground , much cut and divided into
longer parts than Yeucedanum , or Hogs-Feneel , and
narrower than Our green Englijh Saxifrage ■, the
Stalk has but few Joints, and Leaves bn them, bear-
ing fmall Umbles of white flowers, like Meum or
SpirneL which being patt away leave final! Seed af-
ter them, almoft like the Seed of Amm, or Btjhopf-

IUX. The feventb, or German Fennel Leav’d Herb
Franidncenfe. It has a blackijh long Root , as thick
as ones Finger , full of a refinous Juice Jhdrf and
well find ling. Jet with a bufh of hairs at the top , from
whence fpring Stalks of fine Fennel like Leaves, but
(hotter than they, the Stalk rifes to be a Foot and
half high, on the tops of which Hand bowing white
fweet fmelling Flowers. There is of this a lefier
fort alfo, differing nothing from it but m its umver-
fill fmallnefs.

XI. Tie P laces. The firft fix Kinds have been
found crowing in many Countries, as Italy, Sicily ,
Candy Prance , Honda , &c. the feventh in fome
places ’in Germany •, I know not that they grow wild
in England , but with us are only nurlt up in Gar-

deXII. The Tunes. They all Flower in July and
Augitft if the Year is feafonable , and their Seed
comes to ripenefs in Auguft and September.

XIII. The Qualities. They are faid to be hot and
dry in the fecond degree, Aperitive, Ablterfive, Di-
ceftive Difcuflive, Diuretick, Traumauck, Cepha-
f,ck, Neurotick, Stomatiok, Archritick, Sudonfick,
and’Alexipharmick.

XIV. The Specification. They conglutinate fimple
green Wounds, digelt, cleanfe, incarnate, and heal
old Ulcers and running Sores, and eafe pain in any
part, proceeding from Blows, Falls, Strains, or cold
and moilt Humors.

XV. The Preparations. You may have here-
from, i. The green Leaves bruifed. 2. Green Root
bruifed. 3. Juice oj the Herb and Root. 4. An
E [fence of the fame. 5. A Deco ft ion or Infufion in
Wine of Herb and Root. 6. A Vinegar of the Seed.
7. A Ponder of the Root. 8. A Ponder of the Seed,
o. A Pouder of the Seed Canchrys. 10. An EIc flu-
ary. 11. An Oil of the Seed by Infufion. 12 .An
Ointment of Root and Herb. 13. A Balfamof Root
and Herb. 14. A Cataphfm of the Seed. 15. A
Dif tilled Water. 1 6. An Acid Tinfhtre of Root and
Herb. 17. An Acid Tinfhtre of the Seed Canchrys.
ig. A Spirituous Tinfture of Root and Herb. 19.
An Oily Tinfture of Root and Herb. 20. A Saline
Tinfture of the fame.

The Virtues.

XVI. The green Leaves bruifed. Being applied
Diofcorides lays that they flay the bleedings of the
Hemorrhoidal Veins, and eafe the heat and inflama-
tion and fwelling of the Fundament •, they do alfo
digeft the Kernels of the Kings-Evil, and Apoftems
in any part of the Body, tho’ hard to be cured.

XVII. The green Root bruifed. If it is applied

to Wounds of any kind , elpecially to fimple green
Wounds, it quickly heals them -, if it is not prefent-
ly applied it then caufes digeftion, then cleanfes and
heals. . „ , „ _ f

XVIII. The Juice of the Herb or Root. Taken
inwardly to two, three, or four Spoonfuls in Wine
or other proper Vehicle twice a day, it heals all in-
ward Wounds and Bruifes ; mixed with Honey and

anointed On the Eyes, it clears and (harpens the Sight,
takes away Mills, Clouds, or any thing which is
growing over the'Eyes, and heals Wounds and Ul-
cers in the fame.

XIX. The Effence of the fame. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Juice, befides which, being taken inward-
ly, it difpoles ill conditioned Wounds, old Ulcers
and Filfula’s to a fpeedy healing , let them be in
what part of the Body foever ^ W ounds and old Ul-
cers being alfo outwardly walk’d with the fame it
cleanfes, incarnates, dries, and heals them.

XX. The Decoflion. It has the Virtues of the
Juice and Eflence, if it is made in Wine and fweet-
en’d with Honey , it makes a good Gargle to heal a
fore or ulcerated Mouth and Throat, alfd fore and
ulcerated Eyes.

XXI. The Vinegar of . the Seed. Ufed as a Loti-
on it cleanfes the Skin from Pimples, Freckles, Scurf,
Morphew, Leprofie, Tetters, Ringworms, Scabbi-
nefs, and other like deformities of the fame.

XXII. The Pouder of the Root. If it is mixed
with Honey and applied , or anointed , or put into
the Eyes, it clears from any thing which may grow
on them or offend them , heals W ounds or Ulcers
in them, and quickens or (harpens the Sight 5 being
taken alfo Inwardly in a Glafs of Wine from half a
Dram to a Dram, Morning and Night for fome coji-
fiderable time, ir,does the fame thing, it provokes
Urine and Womens Courfes, and it helps alfo thofe
who have the Falling-Sicknefs, or have an old pain
in the Stomach, Liver, or Spleen ^ and if it is given
with an equal quantity of Pepper in Wine, it is found
profitable againft the Kings-Evil.

XXIII. The Pouder-ef the Seed. Given to a
Dram in White Pore Wine it opens obftruU ions of
the Reins and Ureters, and provokes Urine and the

Terms, it expels Wind, (Lengthens and fortifies the
Stomach, refills Poyfon, and is good againft the de-
leterious quality of the Biting of Mad Dogs , Ser-
pents, Efc. being put into Ulcers it cleanfes, dries,
and heals them.

XXIV. The Pouder of the Seed Cachrys 01' Can-
chrys. By reafbn of its burning property Authors
do not advife to give it inwardly , for they fay it is
too (harp, and will exafperate the Throat : Diofco-
rides fays it is of a heating and mighty drying facul-
ty, and therefore is good to be put into Wafhballs,
or fuch things as cleanfe the Skin j but if the whole
Seed is infilled twenty four Hours in Vinegar, and
dried again, and then beaten into Pouder, it then
may be given inwardly , and has all the Virtues of
the former, exhibited in the fame Dofe and
manner.

XXV. The Elefluary. It is made of equal parts
of the Pouder of the Root and Seed , mixed with a half
part of Nutmegs in Pouder , and eighth part of Cloves ,
and a fixteenth part of Pepper in fine Pouder , and
made up with a treble proportion of clarified Honey.
It is a good Stomatick, prevalent againft the Scurvy
in a cold habit of Body, ftrengthens the Tone of the
Stomach, caufes a good Appetite and Digeftion,
ftrengthens the Head and Brain, clears and (harpens
theEyefight, and provokes the Terms in Women.
Dofe one or two Drams in a Glafs of Wine Morn-
ing and Night.

XXVI. The Oil of the Seed by infufion or boiling.
Being anointed upon the parts affe&ed it is faid to
help fuch as are Burden, and to cure Cramps, Con-
vulfiorts, Pains, Aches, Lamenefs, and the Gout.

XXVII. The Ointment of the Root and Herb. It
digefts and ripens Tumors, cleanfes, incarnates, dries,
and heals Wounds and Ulcers, confolidates FraUures,
and ftrengthens the Nerves, Tendons, and Ligaments
in Diflocations j it alfo eafes pain in any part being
anointed on the place.

XXVIIL The

Chap. 364.

XXVIII, The half am oj Root and Herb. It is a
moll admirable Vulnerary, not inferior to any made
of Trundle , or Se0ii#[, All-heal , or any of the
Woundworts, it digefts contufed or othervvife com-
plicated green Wounds and Phagedenick or eating
Ulcers, and cleanfes them, and if' there is a want of
Flefli it admirably, incarnates, dries, and heals them ;
it is good alfo againft fretting and running Cankers,
Wheals, Pulhes, and the like breakings out of the
Skin.-

XXIX. The Cataphfn of the Seed. Take fonder
of the Seed , Darnel Floater, of each a like quantity ,
Vsnegar-a J. ufficient -quantity-,- to make- it into a Cat-a-
plafm. Being applied it difcuffes fimple Contufions,
and prevails againft Scabs, Pimples, Wheals, Herpes,
Scurf, Morphew, Leprofie, difcoloringsof the Skin,
and other defcedations.

XXX. The Djiilled Water. Ir-has the Virtues

of the Juice, Effencb, Decoction, or Infulion of the
Herb and Root , but much lefs efficacious , and is
chiefly ufed as a - Vehicle to convey fome of the a-
foregoing or following internal Preparations down
into the Body. "

XXXI. The Acid TinUure of Root and Herb. It
.refills Poyfon, and the Plague, and all forts of Ma-
lign and Peftilential Difeales, it prevaus againft the
things of Spiders, as the Tarantula, of Mad Dogs,
Vipers, Rattle-Snakes, and other Serpents, as alfo
the biting or flinging of any venomous Creature; it
is prevalent alfo againft all hot and burning Fevers ,
it quenches Thirft, extinguifhes the heat, and de-
ftroys the Febritick Fermenr. Dofe from ten drops to
forty, fifty, or fixty, in any proper Vehicle, and ac-
cordingto the quantity of the Liquor it is taken in.

XXXII. The Acid 'TinUure of the Seed Canchrys.
It is Stomachick, caufes good Appetite and Digefti-
on, refills Plague and Poyfon, opens obftruftions of
Stomach and Lungs, takes away Hoarfenefs and
Wheezing, and thereby caufes free relpiration or
breathing; it has all the Virtues of the Tinflure in
the former Seftion, and is to be taken in the fame
Dofe and manner.

XXXIII. The Spirituous TinUure of Root and
Herb. It is prevalent againft Poyfon, expels Wind,
and gives prefent eafe in the Colick and Gripings of
the Guts from cold , crude, and (harp Humors, it
provokes Sweat, and is good againft the Plague or
Peftilence, expelling the malignity thro’ the Pores
of the Skin ; being taken in Wine it is good againft
the bitings of poyfonous Serpents, provokes Urine
and facilitates the Birth of Women in Labor. Dofe’
from one Dram to two or three Drams in Wine.

XXXIV. The Oily TinUure of Root and Herb
Outwardly applied it eafes the Gout, and all exter-
nal pains proceeding from cold, ftraining of the part
Blows, Falls, or the like, it gives eafe in Cramps’
and Convulfions , and very much ftrengthens the
parts weaken’d by thofe Direafes ; it is alfo prevalent
againft the Palfie, being anointed upon the Vertebra:
of the Back, and alfo upon the part afflifted.

XXXV. The Saline TinUure. It is of great ufe
againft Freckles , Lentils, Sunbuming, Tanning of
the Skin, black and blew Marks, Scurf; Morphew
and other like defilements thereof

C H A P. CCCLXV.

Of HE RB FRANKINCE N SE

Broad Leav’d,

OR,

Frankincenfe ALLHEAL.

r.L-i rilijqiaq Jlid. ;i fo.Yi (i'\

I.npi/f1 Names.' It is e^lfecl in Greek.

. -Jr in Liittne Libanotis Lot/folraiqn&

\n Englijh Broad. Leav'd Herb Lr^inkin,cenjt\ or Bru(:d
Leav d Frankincenfe Allheal.

' N-Tbc Kpids. is the feeond Species of rhe
Generick Kind, and is fourfold , viz. 1, Libanotis
Theophrafii , Libanotis fer tills primaThcophra-
JHLib. 9. Cap.. 2. Se/cli JEthiopicam Uerba Podon.a,
oefeh prim a Tragi , Dauci alteram genus bkebjit ,
Lumen, Lugdunenfis , The -Greater White Heib
rrankincenfe. 2. Libanotis Theophrafii minor Li-
banoUsfertilisfecunda Theopbrafii The Lefer White
Herb Frankincenfe. 3. Libanotis Apij Lolm Crehca
Theofnirafii , Siler Creticum^ & Libanotis ver a Lhco-
P') Camerarij , The trueft Herb Frankincenfc of
Theophraftus. .4. Libanotis Aqui/egia Lciio Latifio-
lia, Sefeli JEibiopicum alteram , Columbine Leav’d
Herb Frankincenfe.

Thf.;-S^npwws.. The f , or Greater
White Herb Ftankincenie , hat a Root which grants
great and long , whitijh os the outfide , with a Tuft
°l ” f!r at ,he f.°P , abiding long, and having a lirong
Jmell and tafle , like the Roots of many other \Jmhd-
Itjerous Slants;, from this Root fpring forth many
great lopg Stalks, with wings ofTarge broad Leaves
fome eight Indies long apiece, and almoft tour inches
broad five. being fet together, two and two, one
againft another , and one at the end , three Or four
Inches broad below , and fmaller to the end being
fomewhat hard in handling, of an overworn g’reenifti
color , and a little dented about the edges among
which rifes up a round ftrong Stalk, oftentimes four
or five Feet high , having fuch like Leave; on the
Joints but fewer, and lelfer than grow below, and
a few Branches rifing from the upper Joints, bearing
large fpread Umbles of whitilh Flowers, after which
comes fomewhat Hat and round light Seed , two of
them joined together, white on that fide where it is
joined, and ftraked with rough crumpled Brakes on
the back or round fide, and of a pate brown color
when it is ripe, but a little purplilh below.

The fecond, or Leffer White Herb Frankin-
cenfe, has a Root not much unlike the former white
but more bitter than it ; this agrees with the’ former
111 the (nape or form of th.- Leaves, Flowers, Seeds
and lhape of the Root , but that they are all lefs ’
and the number of the Leaves are more, fet together
on every Stalk, being alio mere deeply denied about
the edges: There is another fort of this Plant winch
Bauhmus calls Libanotis Lot, f olid minor Semlnec if.
po, which differs only in having fewer Leaves on the
Stalks, altho as fmall, and but one or uvo de-D
cuts on the edges. ^

V- The third or Trueft Herb Frankincenfe of
Theophraftus , has a Root which is covered with a
blaekijh Bark, and very white underneath, fuelling
llrong, like Frankincenfe, from which fprings up a
Stalk about a Foot and halt high, divided into feme
Branches, with Leaves let fparingly both below and
above,^ lomething refcmbling Smallagc for the lar^e-
nels of the Leaves, and dented about the edges, bear-
X x x ing

Salmon’*

■ c)r- Lib. J.

in? white Flowers, and large, rough, crooked ,
brownUhtSegd,- having a pretty ftrong fcjf}1-

VI, TSeJbSm, or CoUuhbme Leiv Olerb Fran-
kftcenfe, has a thick , rough , fibrous , brown Root j

mlAA Kbit*

fo'fc f hf 'i Machjh
Hurt at the topi-' Wjftvthis rife ftveral Leaves up j
on long Foodtalks, broad, and hollow at the bottom
like a skinny Husk, compaffing one another, as thole
do alfp on the pppei Stalks, they are ihard in. hands
ling-,-iyetof-a Hii^g-ia* greet* idl^WtbW, and

whitifh underneath, with feveral purplilh Veins run

ning thro’ them, not all of them dtyideu like unjc
G/ffeXeavds jMrtrf nlahy of Wm patted into
■ five Leaves,1 with AAm^ohs
three LeaVds, -fcach lbndihgpn-a Stalk, Staked Wttl
purple, riGng, up aboteft*,
high, wi th feveral -J obits- therein ,• -and branched to,
wards'tbe tops, bearing' evc^ne a large Urhble of
irtlatt white Flowers^, : and1 afteh them long and broja
llfiped Seed, - of a putplifh- color, akliMe Bitter hot,
and drawing Water into rite Mouth if Jr is a littje,
< chewed therein, being alfo ftmcwhat Iwtet of Imdl.

with D.wvirf'Mial and a little Vinegar, and applied
gives eale in the Gout, Cramps, 'arid Convulsions, and
takes away Scurf or Morph&w , . Leprdfie , and any
difcoloring of the Skin. ■ .

XIV. The Pouder of the Root. , Llfed either alpne
by it felf, or mixed with Honey .and applied , it
throughly cleanfts; foul Ulcers,. and healskthenn, add
is of extraordinary ufe in Curing Fiftub’k, fpore .es-
pecially if Pouder of Tobaccd1 abode a third part be
added thereto. '.-fti m-T .XIJ.'L

?

.ao, dqmiieH" w 'i.toiiqqt'l-a

VII. The Places. The ftft two 'forts, 'are formdj
in many pUces in Qefmn}, and parts nHr alining,

~~ ■ — The two firft -Seed with us

CHAP. CCCLXVL

tod io .

Of HERB M ASTI C H,

obB-otn i <i:
:.;ol vr;noo

0 R

fr, x-n

> .

M A K U M.

vrv.

to

bnc daaiH
vfioirb
iogeioi
ill 03 ni

I 'f' H E’ TH antes. It is called in Greek in

1 Latine Marum, from Moron, ti certain King
of T hracia, who is.fald to haVe found at oht , vc.

* t w . . . . ' a — i rum tYmarhft oyf-

or

VIII. The Times. : _

Yearly after they are well grown ya. about
and Ai/guft, but the two laft very feldom, unlefs the
Year proves hot and v&y kindly. j

IX. The Qualities, Spc'tijicdtion , Prep fret torts anti
Virtues of theft are the fafhe with thofe of the Art^
cttTtUti ot Narrow Leav'd in the former Chapters
to. which we refer you, yet thefe being extraordinary;
Traumaticks or Vulnerories, and of an extregmly mol-
lifying and digelting power, we fhall make thefe fol-
lowing farther OMervarions concerning the fame.

- X. The Liquid ftme, or Efence. ' They are good.
•Igainll Chronick Difeaftfc of the Breaft and Lungs,;
and prevail againlLthe-EpHepfie and Jaundice, more
efpecially if a little Pepper m fine Pbuder is added,;
and fo given in Wine; given in PofTet- Drink they in-!
ere lfe Milk in Nurfes Breads, and eafe pains m the
Stomach and Belly -proceeding from (harp Humors,!
or Wind; they are alfo good agamft Poyfon, and;
the bitings of Mad Dogs, Venomdus Bealls, and.
Serpents, or the Hinging of Scorpions, they provoke!
Urine powerfully, afid the Courfes, being llopt; the)
Juice of the Leaves and Roots cleats the Eyeiight,
arid (hatpins it, and diverts the Rheum which falls
into the Eyes, by ftiengthning the parts, being dropt;
into the Eyes , and Cloths dipt therein and applied!
over the Forehead and-' Eyebrows.

XL The Decoition in UTne. It has all the Virtues
of the Juice and Effence , ■ but much weaker , and
therefore may be given in a greater Dofe , as from
tour to fix Ounces; it is highly Traumatick or Vul-
nerary, and may be ufedDietetically, as well as out-
wardly to wafh any Sore, Wound, or Ulcer there-
with.

..XII. TheB dlfatn or Ointment. They cure Wounds
and Ulcers alter an admirable manner, and if a little
Pouder of Birthzwrt Root, or ol Tobacco be added
to them, they do wonders in thefe kinds of Cures ,
beyond expfeffion.

XIII. T he Cataplaftn of the bruifed Leaves. Be-
ing applied it Itops bleeding in any part , and cures
the Hemorrhoids . or Piles, removes the heat, and
dilcuffes the tumor or fwelling of the Fundament ,
bringing the fame (if Nature intends it) to a fpeedy
maturity - or ripenels ; the ■Oataplaim being made

Ilcrb

rff&sticJL.

II. The Kinds. Some Authors will have it to be
a Species of Marjoram , others a Species of Theme ,
others again make it a middle Plant between them
both, it feems to me to be rather a particular of its
own Kind ; there are three Species hereof, vis. i .
Marum vu/gare, Clinopodium Camerarij, Dodonxi,
Gefneri , T ragoriganum primum Cluftj , Sampfuchus
Diofcoridts Clufi] , Helenmm odcrum Theopkrajh ,
; Common Herb Maftich. 1. Marum fiipmum Lobe-
'll j, Marum ex Sicilia allatum Ccefalpini , Marum re-
pens verticillatum Bauhini, Amaracus ferpens. Creep-

Chap. 3 66. EngUjb Herbs.

1 t

ing Herb Maftich. 3- Alarum Syriac umLobeh], Do-
don si , ' Tabernamontani , Alarum Crete n/e Alpini ,
Major arm Syriaca , vW Cretica Baubim , Syrian or
Candy Marum, or Herb Maftich.

III. The Defcriptions. T/;<? firft , <?/' Common
Herb Maftich, /;<£/ a fibrous or thready Root ,
fends up greater and more wotdy Stalks than any oj
the Marjorams , it rifes up to be two Feet or more
high in fome places, where the Ground is agreeable
to it, and the Air warm and clear, it branches it fell
out on all fides towards the upper parts, leaving the
Stem bare below, if it is old, otherwife if it is
young, thinly furnifhing the Branches from the bot-
tom with fmall green Leaves, larger than the Leaves
of any Thyme, and near to the largenefs of the Leaves
of Marjoram Gentle at the tops of the Branches
ftand fmall Flowers on a Head , which afterwards
turn into a loofe Tuft of a long, white, h^ary FuF
fiance’, like unto foft down, with fome Leaves un-
der and about them , which abide not long on the
Stalks, but are blown away with the Wind $ the
Seed is fo very fmall, that it is fcarcely to be obfer-
ved ^ the whole Plant is of a fweet refinous fmell ,
flronger than Marjoram , and abides •pur Winters if
it is carefully planted and look’d after.

IV. The fecond , or Creeping Herb Maftich, hat
a long /lender Root , and fibrous withal , from whence
fpring up feveral /lender weak Stalks , not J landing
upright , but lying upon the Ground , therein refem-
bling Wild Thyme rather than Sweet Marjoram or
Herb Maftich ^ the Leaves are many , and fmaller
than thofe of Mother of Thyme , growing at feveral
diftances upon the Branches ^ the Flowers are fmall
and purplifh, growing at the tops, with Leaves a-
mong them , the fmell of which is- very fweet and
ftrong, coming nea reft unto Sweet Marjoram , and of
a hot and bitter tafte.

Alafticb , but more tender and liender, on whic-i
grow many fmall whirifh green Leaves, \ ery like
to the 'Small fine Sweet /Marjoram , but fomevvh.it
rougher up to the very tops , which bear fmaller
Heads or Knots than thofe of’ Sweet Alar /cram, and
white Flowers out of them ; all the Herb is of a
moft fragrant fweet fmell , which endures a long
time after it has been dried j it is very tender to
keep, and will not endure our cold Nights, which
come in Augnft or September, but is quickly, dellrov-
ed by them.

VI. The Places. They all grow Wild on the
Mountains of Spain, Candia , and Syria, bur with us
they are all nurs’d up in Gardens , the left indeed
with fome difficulty.

VII. The Times. They blower about Aar ad with
us, and fometimes later, if the Summer Seufon
proves cold, and the Seed is perfected npc long
after,

VIII. The Qualities, Herb Majjich i^horand dry
in the beginning of the fourth degree, it attenuates,
opens, is Ablferfive, Aftringdnt, Anodyn, Carmina-
tive, Digeftive, Difcuffive , and Strength nieg ; it is
Cephalick, Neurotick, Stomatick, Hylterick, Ar-
thritick, Emmenagogick, and Alexipharmick.

IX. The Specification. It is good againit.Povfon,
the bitings of Mad Dogs, Serpents, and ocher Ve-
nomous Bealls, Convuliions, Cramps, Lethargies,
Palfies, Epilepfies, Hylterick bits , Vapors, and
other Diftempeis of tire Womb.

X. The 'Preparations. You may have therefrom,
I. A Liquid Juice. 2. An Ejjence. y. An Irj ali-
en or Decotfion in Wine. 4. A Dccoflrd or InJ.jed
Oil. %. A Difti/led Water. 6. A Spirit. J. A
Cbyntic.il Oil. 8. An Acid Tinjure. 9. A Spiri-
tuous TtnBure. 10. An Oily TinSure. 11. A
Louder. 1 2. A Compound Dccolhon.

The Virtues.

XI. T be Liquid Juice. Given from one Spoon-
ful to two in a Glafs of Wine, or other proper Ve-
hicle, it prevails again!! Convuliions , Epilepfies,
Lethargies, Headachs, Palfies, and difaftefiions qf
the Womb, it attenuates tough Flegm, opens obitru-
Qions of the Womb and Reins, provokes Urine and
the Terms, and digefts crude Humors.

XII. T he Ejjence. It is good againfl: Coughs ,
Colds, Wheezings, Hoarfenels, Ihortnefs of Breath’
difficulty of breathing , and other Difeafes of the
Thorax, it opens obltruflions of Liver and Spleen,
and frees them from rhe morbifick matter which of-
fends them, it has indeed all the Virtue? of the Li-
quid Juice aforefaid, belides which it opens', clean-
fes, ftrengthens, and confirms the Womb , correUs
the windinefs thereof, or of any other part, which
are commonly called Vapors', and is beneficial tor
fuch as are falling into a Propfie, and helps the lols
of Speech, by the refolution of the. Tongue; it pro-
vokes Urine, and eafes the Colick.

XIII. The Ittfujion or Decoffio/t in Wine. It has
all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice audEffence, it is
very Stomatick, Ipowerlully provokes Urine, cates
the Strangury , and all pains and torments of the
Belly. Dofe to fix Ounces.

XIV. The Oil by btftfion or Dernliott. It Warms
and comforts the outward parts, being Morning and
Evening anointed .upon the fame , it is good againft
the Gout , eales pains of the Joints , Nerves , Ten-
dons, and Mufcles, difculfes Tumors, is good againft
Convuliions, Cramps, Lamenefs, Numbednefs, and
the Palfie, and. anointed upon the lower Region of
the Belly it helps cold griefs of the Womb , and
gibes eafe to pains of thofe parts.

X x x 2 XV. The

Salmon j' 'Herbal. Lib. I.

5H

XV. The Diffillcd Water. It has the Virtues of

the Juice and Effence , but very much weaker ill all
refpe&s, but it may be ufed as a Vehicle, to convey
Lome of the other Preparations in; fweetned with
Sugar and given to Children troubled with Convul-
flons it cures them. .

XVI. The Spirit. It is Cephalick, Neiirotick,

Hyflerick, and Cordial, and therefore is good againit
Apoplexies, Epilepfies, Lethargies, Convulhons, ral-
lies, Vapors, Fits of the Mother, palpitation or the
Heart Fainting and Swooning Fits, ficknefs at Sto-
mach Colick , and other like difaffeaions ot thole
parts’ Dofe from one Dram to four Drams, either
in the Dittilled Water, or in Wine, orfome Neu-
rotick, Cordial, or Hyfterick Syrup, it may be gi-
ven in the Morning falling, and latt at Night going
to Bed , and alio two or three times befides in the
day time if need requires. ,

XVII. T he Chymical Oil. It has all the Virtues
of the Juice, Eflence, and Spirit aforegoing, but o-
perates in a more ample and powerful manner; in-
wardly it may be given from five drops to ten, or
twelve , and that Morning and Evening , you mult
firft drop it into White Sugar , or into Honey , or
fome proper Syrup , and mix. them well together ,
then mix it with the Vehicle you intend to take it
in, for all cold and moift Difeafes, as Palfies, Cramps,
Gouts, Numbednefs, Trembling, weaknefs of the
Nerves, ©c. it ought to be taken in a Glafs of Ge-
nerous Wine; in Vapors, Fits of the Mother, ©V. it
may be given in the Diftilled. Water, or*Batley Wa-
ter, or Black Cherry Water; in the Colick it may
he given in Juniper Water; outwardly forthePalfie
it is to be anointed on the Back Bone, as alfo the
parts affeSed ; fo all'o for Convulfions, Cramps, de-
fluxions of Humors, ©c.

XVIII. The Acid Tintfure. It is a powerful Me- i
dicamenr againft the Plague, and all forts of Ma-
lign and Peliilential Fevers, it deltroys the putrefa-,
Hive ferment in the Blood and Juices, allays Vapors,
and riling up of the Mother, cools preternatural
heats, and refills malignity in its Root, Our. Dofe1
from fifteen drops to thirty, forty, or more, accord-
ing to the quantity of the Vchicuhtm in which it is
taken. _. , . '

XIX. The Spirituous Tindure. It is a kind of
Heavenly Medicament, and a Noble Cordial, it chears:
the Heart , revives the Spirits, {Lengthens Nature,
refills Vapors , Paintings , Swoonings , ficknefs at;
Heart, and other Difeales of like kind, it takes a-
vray ficknefs at Stomach , pains there , reifores its
Tone being hurt or depraved, and admirably {Length-
ens it. Dofe from one Dram to two , or three
Drams , in the Morning falling , an Hour before
Noon , and at Bed time , in a Glafs of Generous
Wine, or in Syrup, or other proper Vehicle, it cafl-
•fes a good Appetite and a Itrcng Digeftion.

XX. The Oily Tintfure. Inwardly given from
■ten drops to twenty , or more , in fome proper Ve-
hicle , it prevails againlt the Palfie , Convulfions ,
pains and weakneifes of the Back, the Stone, Sand,
Gravel, and Tavtarous matter in the Reins, Ureters,
and Bladder, ©V. for Palfies ir ought alfo to be an-

' Timed on the Back Bone and parts affected twice a
■day, and to be applied upon the part and well rub-
bed in in Convulfions, Cramps, &c.

XXL The Peuder of the Herb. If it is Bluffed-
tip the Nofe it provokes fneezing, and thereby pur-1
-gesthe Head and Brain of cold piruitous Humors -,
the Herb being chewed in the Mouth it draws
-forth much Rheum and Flegm, caufing pains' and
aches in the Head, Jaws, Throat, ©c. given inward-
Iv from half a Dram to a Dram in any proper Ve
hide it ftrengthens the Stomach, expels Wind, ea-
ks the Coiick, and facilitates the Birth of Women

in Labor, bringing away, alfo the Afterbirth.

XXH. The Compound Decotfion. Take Herb Ma-
fick tvoo Ou/lces , Origanum. Pellilory of Spom , of
each fix Drams , Acorns , Long Pepper , of each throe
Drams , White Port Wine twenty Ounces , put all in-
to a linn A Copper Veftca , or Glafs body, which co-
ver With a Blind Head, and let it fimmer over a gen-
tle Lire for an Hour , then let it cool , and decant the.
dear for ufe. Dofe two or three Ounces at a time
for the Palfie, Epilepfie, Lethargy, ©c. two or three
times a day; it is good alfo to gargle the Mouth
for a Palfie of the Tongue ; when it is taken inward-
ly it may he dulcified with Syrup of ClovegilliHovif-
er§, or other proper Syrup.

CHAP. CCCLXVII.

Of HERB ROBERT,

o R,

Robin’s CRANESBILL.

I.'T' H E Names. We cannot learn that it lias
I any Greek Name, the Latinos call it l Jo ha
Roberti , and Geranium Robertianum , and we in Eng-
land Herb Robert , and Robin’s Cranesbill.

II. The Kinds. It is certainly a Species of Gera-
nium or Craneibif, l\ and hereoI,there is two fpecial
Kinds, viz. l . ‘.Geranium Rebcct/cnun: vttlgare, Ge-
ranium Rupert ianum commune , Herba Roberti , vel
Rupert i communis , Paitax Heracleum Angmltaf\e ,
Sideritis tenia DiofitoriJis , which moll ot out mo-
dem Authors take it to be, and it is eafilv to be per-
ceived that they are both one, for Dioj cor ides has
three forts of Sideritis , vie. one with a He rebound

Leaf'

526

Salmon j Herhah

Lib. 1.

from this Root rifes up many woody Stalks , two.
or three Feet high, dividing themfelves into fmaller
Branches, covered with a thin Bark, the elder
Branches being of a dark purplilh color , and the
younger more red , thick let with fmall , hard, ' y
Leaves, without order from the bottom to the top,
which are fomewfcat long, and fmall at the letting
on, broader in the middle, and Iharp pointed, lome-
what like unto Small Myrtle Leaves, of a greenilh
color on the upper fide , and whitilh underneath ;
at the top of every Branch ftands a round Flower in
a fcaly Head, confifting of many purplilh Thrums or
Threads , paler in the middle than round about ,
fotnething like unto the Head of a Scabious, or ra-
ther Knapweed.

Herb

CTerribH

IV. Ibc fecond, or Gutwort, or Herb Terrible of
Marfeilles, has a Root which is alfo fmall, long, and
woody, with many Fibres at it, it is yellow, ft, on the
our fide and white within, nothing fo hot , bitter , 01
unvleafant as the Leaves or Seed, yet leaving a fmall
hot tape in the end, without any fmell, and not gi-
ving any Milk , it is, as Pena fays, very l, he unto the
Turbith of Alexandria, or of the Shops , and in the
form thereof ; from this Root fpring forth very ma-
ny hoary or Silver white, (lender, and very tough
Branches, two Feet high, divided into many other
fmaller, on which grow many fmall , white, hoary
Leaves round about them, fmaller than thofe ot the
former- the Flowers are white and fmall, let dole
together in a long Tuft, but fo covered with the
white woolinefs, that they can fcarcely he perceived,
which being paft away , fmall black Seed come in
their places, bitter and unpleafant, and fo fiery hot,
that if any one (hould chew the fame, or the Leaves
of the Plant in their Month , they will fo heat the
Mouth, Lips, and Jaws, that no walhing will for a
long time remove it or take it away.

V. The third, or Herb Terrible of Valentia, is a
[mail Shrub , three or four Feet or more high , its
'Root is two Fingers thick, brown of color , and of a
woody fubflance ; from this Root fprings forth one
or more Stalks, which fpread themfelves forth into

many other fmall Branches , having a thin Rind ,
which is tirft brown, then purple, with many little
and thin Leaves thereon , not much unlike to thole
of the Myrtle ; the Flowers grow at the tqps of the
Sulk and Branches, and are as it were Italy and
rough, like Scabious Flowers, of a blew' purple co-
lor • the whole Plant is very bitter, and of an unplea-
iant talle, like ChanmUa, but fomewhat ftronger.

VI. The Places. The firft grows on tlie Moun-

tain or Hill Ceftius, called Cap de CeJIe, and on other
Rocky and Stony places in France-, tile fecond grows
near Marfeilles , by the Sea fide , on a fmall Hill
near thereunto called Mondrond , as Pena fays , and
all along the Coaft of Liguria, and the Ides ot Cor-
fica and Sardinia-, the third grows about Valent hi
in Spain, as Cluftus declares •, they all grow on Moun-
tains and Hills , as alfo in other places which are
Gravelly Grounds; with us they are only nurs’ej up
in Gardens. .

VII. The Times. They Flower not until it is late
with us, as ill Auguji and September -, Cluftus found
: ome of them in Spain Flowering in the Months ot
February and March-

VIII. The Qualities. They arefall of them hot
and dry in the fourth degree, Attraflive, almolt Py-
rptick, and vehemently Cathartick, its purging fa-
culty being much like the T ithyrnh-, but the fecond
ofthefe is far more powerful or violent than the
others, and comes neatly to the quality of Mezcrc-
m , fo that by reafon of its great heat and violence
it is very dangerous.

IX. The Specification. They expel Watery, Fleg-
matick, and Cholerick Humors 'in abundance, and
Cliifuts fays that the Landlopers in Spain do exhibit,
it with good fupcets for the Cure of the French
Pox'.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,

I. A Louder of the dryed Leaves or Root. 1. .i
Pe coition of Leaves or Root. 3. A Ponder of the
Seed.

The Virtues.

XI. The Poufr of the dried Leaves or Root. It
is given in Btoth to purge Choler and Flegm, alfo
watery Humors in Dropfies , which it evacuates in
abundance, and prevails alfo againft the French Dif-
eafe : Pena fays that Empericks, tho’ they find i r to
purge with iuch violence, do often give it with Wine
or Broth : Pliny fays the fmalleit quantity to be ta-
ken at a time in Chicken Broth is two Drams , a
mean quantity is four Prams, andthegreatelt Dole
to be given at once is fix Drams; bur in proportion-
ing the Pulps the Phylician ought to aft warily, and
to begin. yyrth a fmaller Defe at firft, as. half a Dram,
to fee the aperation , and then to increafe it to lar-
ger proportions as -he fliall fee needful, to perfeef its
operation.

XII. 1 ho Decoction. Cluftus fays the Spaniards
give the DecoHion of the Root , Leaves , Flowers
and Seed, to thole who are troubled with the French
Difeafe, and thqt with great fuccefs.

XIII. The Ponder of the Seed. It purgffl down-
wards black Cholet or Melancholy if taken with a
little Salt and Vinegar , and in like quantity with
Epithymum , but it is laid a little to exulcerate the
Bowels ; it prevails againft theDropfie, Pox, Kings-
Evil and Gout. Thefe Preparations of this Plant,
if skilfully correEFed, and given in a fir Dofe, agree-
ing with the ttrength of the Patient and violence of
the Difeafe, (tile Body being before hand prepared)
may be admitted of, where better and lifei things
are not at hand to be had.

r u j p

Chap. 269.

527

CHAP. CCCLXIX.

O/HOLLIHOCK,

0 R,

TREE MALLOW.

I.'T' if E Names. It is called, in Greek

X rcCyjt in Latine Malva Arbor eu, Malva Ro-
fea , Malva Hortenfis , Malva major , in E/iglifh tick
lihock , or Garden Mallow , alfo Mallow this
is the waV'gt'Tzii', Mofceuton Flint j Lib. 21. Cap. 4. fo
called I fuppofe fuavitate odor is, or from
quod avulfis furcults plantetur.

II. The Kinds. There are two principal Kinds

hereof, viz. 1. y.oiG, Malva Hortenfis

vulgaris , The Common Hollihock. 2. AzvJ'es^ra.-

Malva Rofea magna , Malva Rofea Arbo-
rea , The Great or Tree Hollihock.

III. Of the Common Garden Kind there are two
Species, viz. 1 . Malva Hortenfis vulgaris ftmplex ,
Malva Rofea Hortenfis [implex , Single Flowered
Hollihock. 2. Malva Hortenfis vulgaris multiplex ,
Malva Rofea communis multiplex , The Double Flow*
ered Hollihock. Of the Great or Tree Hollihock
there are likewife two Species, viz. 3. Malva Ar-
borea , Malva Rofea magna Arbor ea, Malva Arbor e a
magna peregrina , The Outlandifh T;ee Hollihock.
4. Malva Arborea Marina noftrnt , Malva Rofea
Arborea Marina noftrad, Our Englifh Sea Tree Hol-
lihock.

. IV. The Defcriptions. The fir ft, or Common fin-
gle Flowered Hollihock. It has a long , white , tough
Root , eafily bowed , and grows deep into the Ground ,
not much unlike to the Root of the Common Mallow,
but greater , and generally abides all the Winter , fi-
fing up again the next Spring-, the Stalk grows up
ftraight, almoft like a Tree, of five, fix, leven, or
eight Feet high, according as the Ground is in good-

nefs, the lower Leaves growing upon wincri -are al-
moft: round, and fomewliat large, with many coiners,
but not cur in or divided, and loft in handling,- utK
thole which grow up higher are much more produ-
ced into corners y from the middle of this Stalk up-
wards to the- top grow the Flowers upon (Sender
Footlblks, where they Hand and make as it \\Lrc. a
long Spike of1 fm:-ill Leaves1 and Buds rbr '’Flowers
together; the Blowers are fingle, and confift pfrfive
broad and round Leaves, Handing round, Jikp uii to
fingle Roles , with a middle- long Stile, 'and;forne
Chives about them'; thefe Flowers are of dtvers~Cb-
lors, as pure White, or Redd fib, feme are of a pale
Blufh, almoft like a White, fome are more! ■ blufh ,
frelh and lively, of a Rofe Color, fome are ’Scarier,
and of a deeper Red, like Crimfon, fome of a dark
Red, like black Blood, fome of a deep Purple, va-
rying in their Colors, as Nature is pleafed to play
with them •, after the Flowers are -paft, there grows
up round Knobs or Heads, but flattifh withal, being
round about the bottoms, and compaH or made up
with a multitude of round , flat , whitifh Seed , in
form of a Cheefe.

V. The fecond , or Double Flowered Hollihock ,
in its Roots, Stales, Leaves j magnitude, manner and
form of growing, and Seed, is exaffly like the former,
fo that thofe parts need no other defeription than what
we have already juft now given, the; difference
between the former and this is only in the Flower,
for whereas the former ate fingle , thefe are mani-
foldly double, and are like unto double Rofes, let
very thick with Leaves, fo that no Stile qr Joinrel
is been in the middle, the outu ardmoft row ofl eaves
in the Flowers are largeft, the innerraoft being finai-
ler, and thick fe.t together, the Colors of win gh are
manifold and various, according as we have aeidri bed
them in the former SeHion.

VI. The third, or Outlandifh Tree Flollihock. It
hue a pretty large long Root, with fome Fibres adjoin-
ing to it, which , tho ’ the Stalk perifhes every Tear,
yet endures with us for about two Winters, and then
decays : This Tree Hollihock grows with us to be a
great tall Tree, more likely than an Herb, having its
Stalk or Body fomething woody, and oftentimes fo
great in compafs, that no Man can grafp it round
with both his Hands * the Leaves are twice as large
as any Common Mallow , and as foft and woolly in
handling as the Marjh Mallow, but not fo white and
downy, and many times crumpled about the edges ;
it Flowers not in the firft Year of its fpringing up
with us, but in the fecond Summer, if a preceeding
fharp Winter has not killed its Stalk in the firft Year,
(not then being grown to its full ftrength) being’then
more tender than afterwards ; this main Stalk lpreads
it felf out into feveral Branches , with Leaves on
them, but fmaller, among which ftand fair, great,
and large deep purple Flowers , with Stripes and
Veinp in them , like to the Common Mallow ,■ after
which come forth fuch like round Cafes, with black-
fill Seed in them , but larger, according to the pro-
portion of the Plant, which feldom comes to matu-
rity in our Country.

VII. The fourth, or Englifh Sea Tree Hollihock.
It has a Root which is white, great, and woody , with
many long fibres or Strings adjoined to it, and in its
Stem, Leaves, and manner of growing, is very like
to the laft deferibed ; its Stalk is woody , and as
great as a Mans Arm , of a rutfet or hoary Color ,
upon which grow foft, whitifh, woolly Leaves, al-
moft as large as the other, and as foft and imooth
as Velvet; the Flowers hereof are large, and of a
whitifh or diluted purple color, like in form to the
Flower of a Wild Mallow, but much larger, yet not
fo large as the, laft.

VIII. The

52«

Salmon’ j- Herbal Lib* 1.

VIII. T be Places. The firft two grow only in
Gardens, and are aimoft every where to be met with-,
the third grows near Venice , all along the T irrhene
Shoar, as alfo on the African Shoar , where the
Root lives many Years, tho’ with us it fcarcely ever
out lives two Years-, the fourth and lalt grows in
an Ifland called Dinnie , three Miles from Kings-
Road, and five Miles from Briftol , as alfo about the
Cottages near Hurft Caftle , over againlt the Ifle of
Wight.

IX. The Times. The two firft Flower thro’ all
the Summer Months, even till the approach of Win-
ter , but the Tree Hollihocks begin to Flower later ,
fo that the firft of them does not often perfect its
Seed with us, but the laft of them brings forth itfc
ripe Seed in a little time after its Flowering.

X. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and
Virtues of’ Hollihocks are the fame with thofe of
Common Mallow , Marfh Mallow, and Vervain Mal-
low, hereafter in their proper places to be declared ,
and to which we refer you.

CHAP. CCCLXX.

Of HOLLOW ROOT,

o R,

Caveous FUMITERRY.

H E Names.

It is called in Greek KetVm xoY-
Acf, ’Pt(a koikh, In Latine Radix cava , Fuma\
ria Radice c aval a , in Englifh Hollow Root , Caveous
turn itchy, and Hollow Rooted Fumi terry.

"Fumifory hcllonr rooted

II. The Kinds. It is the third general Species of
Fumiterry Cap. 304. Setf, 2, of which we have three

lpecial Kinds, viz. 1. Radix cava major l lore albo.
Great Whire Flowered Hollow Root. 2. Radix ca-
va major Flore Cameo , Qreat Blufli Flowered Hol-
low Root. 3. Radix Cava minor, Capnos Radice Fa*
bacea. Small Hollow Root , Bean fafhioned Hollow
Root.

^ III. The Defcriptions. The firft , or Great White
Flowered Hollow Root0 has a .Root which is round
and great , of a yellowtfh brdwn color on the out fide ,
and more yellow within , and hollow underneath , fo
that it f cents but a Shell, yet being broken every part
of it will grow-, this Root fends forth Leaves, bur
they break not out of the Grohiid until the end of
March , very feldom before, and are, both for pro-
portion and color , fomewhat like unto the Leaves
of Columbines, divided into five parts, indented itbout
the edges, Handing on fmall long Footftalks’, of a,
whitifh green color, among which rife up th'e'Stalks,
without any Leaves ffom the bottom to the' middle,
where the Flowers Ihoot forth one above another,
with every -one a fmall lhort Leaf at the foot there-
of, which are long and hollow , with a fpur behind
it, fomewhat like unto the Flowers of Far kf purs ,
but having their bellies fomewhat bigger', and the
mouth not fo open, being all of a pure white color;
when the Flowers are paft fmall, long, and round
Cbds Ipring forth, containing round blackifh Seed.

IV. The fecond , or Great Blufh Flowered Hol-
low Root. The Root is faid to be bulbous , or rathei'
tuberous, and hollow within , or underneath , on the
upper part prejfed down fomewhat flat , covered over
with a dark yellow Skin or Bark, with fever al firings
adjoining thereto , and of a bitter and auftefie tafte -,
the Leaves hereof are jagged , and cut afunder , al-
moft like thofe of Coriander, of a light greemfh co-
lor , like the gray color of Columbine Leaves , to
which they are alfo fomethiDg like in form, but lef-
fer-, the Stalks are fmooth, round,' and flender, a-
bout which on the upper part Hand little Flowers,
orderly placed, long, v\'ith a little Horn at the end,
like the Flowers of Toad-F'lbx, of a light red, tend-
ing to a purple color; the Seed lies in flat Cods, ve-
ry foft and green ifh when it is ready to yield forth
its ripe black fhining Seed ; this Plant is very much
like to the former aimoft in all refpe&s, faving that
the Flowers are of a light red, tending to a purplilh
color ; both thefe Plants abide above Ground hut a
very fmall time.

V. The third , or Small Hollow Root. It has a
Root which is folid or firm, round, and a- little long
withal , two being ufually joined together , after the
manner of a Bean , being yellowifh both within and
without -, the Leaves are of a blewifh green color,
yet greener and fmaller than any of the former, and
growing more thick together, the Flowers are like
in proportion to the foregoing in all refpefts , but
letter, having purplilh backs, and white bellies,
Handing clofer and thicker together upon fhort Foot-
ftalks: But Gerard deferibes his Small Pjirp/e Hol-
low Root, that it has Roots, Stalks, Leaves, Flowers,
and Seed , altogether like the firft deferibed , the
efpecial difference being , that tnis Plant is every
ways fomewhat lefs.

VI. To the former tl>rce Kinds add a fourth, which
is a Small Hollow Root with a green Flower, called
Radix Cava minima Flore viridi, deferibed by John-
fon upon Gerard ; the Root hereof is fmall and tooth-
ed, 7itade of little bulbs , refembling Teeth , and end-
ing in white hairy Fibres-, it fends up leveral little
Branches , about three Inches high, and the Leaves
are fomewhat like thofe of the Fellow Fumitory, f ox
of the Radix Cava, but much leffer-, the Flowers
grow cluftering on the top of the Stalk, commonly
five or feven together , each of them compofed of

four

Chap. 371.

Herb,

s.

four yellowifh green Leaves, with fome Threads in
them.

VII. The Places. Thele Plants grow about Hedges
among Brambles and Briers., and in the borders of
Fields and Vineyards in low and fertile Grounds in '
Germany and the Low Countries , but the three tirlt
of them grow with us only in Gardens j die fourth
is found in its times of flour ilhing among Bufhes in
feveral parts of England , as about Cbijlehurjl in Kent,
elpecially in a Wood formerly belonging to one Pits,
and at the farther end of Cray Heath on the Left
Hand under a Hedge among Briers and Brambles,
which is its proper feat.

VIII. The Times. The three firft, as alfo the
fourth , may be accounted Vernal Plants , for they
rife not out of the Ground till the Spring comes in,
and are gone likewife before it is pall, remaining
under Ground all the reft of the Year, yet the leffer
abides longer above Ground than the greater; the
fourth Flowers in April, the other three Flower in
March, and their Seed is ripe in April, and the
Leaves and Stalks are gone in May, nothing remain-
ing fave only the Roots, fo fmall a time do they con-
tinue.

IX. The Vitalities. Hollow Root is hot in the fe-
cond degree and dry in the third. Aperitive, Ablter-
five, Aftringent, and Diuretick, Peftoral, Heparick
Arthritick, and Alexipharmick.

X. Their Specification , ¥ reparations ani Virtues
are the fame with thofe of Pumterry in Chap. 304.
S«7. 11. ad 24. to which for the particulars you are
referred, there being little or no difference in their
operations and effe&s ; but with theip you may take
thefe following Notes.

XI. Kota. 1. The Ponder of the Roots. Given to
a Dram or more in Wine, or any Alexipharmick Ve-
hicle, it is very effeblual againft Poyfon, the bitings
of Mad Dogs, and of venomous Serpents, as alfo
againft the Plague or Peftilence , the Patient being
laid down to fwe2t upon the fame ; it alfo provokes
Urine, and helps againft the Jaundice, and being
ftrewed upon putrid and running Ulcers it cleanfes
dries up, and heals the lame.

XII. Kota. 2. The Pouder of the Seed. Drunk
from one to two Drams in Red Port Wine , or in
our Aqua Bezoartica , it Hops Vomiting , flops all
forts of Lasks or Fluxes of the Belly, and ltrength-
ens all the Vifcera.

XIII. Kota. 3. The Dccodion of the Roots in
Wine. It is good againft Tumors in the Throat and
the long continued fwellings of the Almonds it pre-
vails againft ftrumous produftions, and the pain of
the Jaws with an afflux of Hurpors.

XIV. Kota. 4. The Oil or Ointment of the Roots.
Anointed on the Fundament it is good againft the
fwelling and pain of the Hsmorrhoids, or Piles, dif-
cuffingjhe one and eafing the other; it difcufles al-
fo fcrbphulous Tumors of the Throat.

529

[ is called in Latine Selimtm Segetale-, Goodier cal e-^
it fir &'Sium Terrefire, afterwards it was called Apr
um Sij f 'olijs ,■ and from the compofare of the Leaves
Shim odoratum Tragi ; Gerard called it Slum Sege-
tum, and Siam Agrorum, but at length the firft Ra-
tine Name Selinum Segetale obtained above the reft
from whence it is Named in Eng/ijh Corn Parity !
but the Country People call it Honeaont.

II. The Kinds. It is accounted among the Um-
belliferous Plants, for fucli it is, and is certainly one
of the Stock of Selina, or Apia , for which reafon it
was called Apium Sij t'olijs, but with us Corn Par tly
as aforefaid.

Hone ruort

CHAP. CCCLXXI.
O/HONEWORT,

O R,

Corn P A R S L Y.

Names. It' is an Eng/i/h Plant, and has
no known Greek Name belonging to it, but

III. The Defcription. It htu a Root which is fmall ’
long , ani white , which pcrijhes every Tear after it
has Seeded, and rifes again of its own Sowing ; it is
a fmall low Herb, having feveral long winged Leaves
lying on the Ground , many being fet one againft
another, finely dented about the edges, with one
Angle Leaf at the end, which are each of them long-
er than Burnet Leaves , and pointed at the ends,
from among which rife up feveral round Stalks, half
a Yard high , with the like, but lefler Leaves on
them, branching forth likewife from the Joints, and
all of them bearing fmall Umbles of white Flowers
which turn into fmall blackifh Seed, lefs than Parjly
Seed , but as hot and (harp in rafte as it. Gerard
has a more ample Defcription of this Plant , which
take in the following Words.

IV. Gerard’s Defcription. The Root is fmall, ani
whitijh, with many Threads adjoining to it, hut not
fo big as Parfly Roots-, the Herb comes up at firft
from Seed, like Parjly, with two fmall, long, nar-
row Leaves, the next which lpring up are two fmall
round Leaves, fmooth, but nick’d about the edges,
and fo for two or three couples of Leaves of the
next growth there are luch round'Leaves, growing
on a middle Rib by couples, and one round one al-
fo at the top or end of the Wing ; afterwards, as
more Leaves fpring up , fo the falhion of them alfo

V y y change.

53

O

Salmon’* H&rb&h Lib. 1.

change, that is to fay, every winged Leaf has abou
eight or nine fmall , i'mooth, green Leaves, finely
fnipt or indented about the edges, growing on eacn
iide of a middle Rib, one oppofite to another and
one growing by it felt at the top or end, in form
refembling thofe of Sum odoratum Tran, but not
fo large or long, or at all browmfo, from among
Which rife-up many fmall, round, Braked Sta
Branches, about two Feet in height,
above twenty Stalks from one Root,
stowing upright, fometimes creeping not tar irom
?he g3 pointed or kneed , and dividing rhern-
ielves into veiy many Branches; at every 1°™ grow
one Leaf toiler than the former, which rogotto
With the lowcrmoft, perrih betimes fo that lieldom
one green Leaf is to be feen on this Plant when the
Seed is ripe- the Flowers are white, and grow molt
commonlyVt the tops of the Stalks and Branches
. fometimes at molt of the Joins, even fiom the
Ground in uneven or unorderly Umble:, , every

Flower having five exceeding toULmes fi^nd

bro-'d at the top , and in the middle \ ery lmau
Chives with purple tops the whok F tower ^ot
much exceeding the bigneft of a /X’

which being pa It away, there comes up in the place
of each flower two fmall, grey, crooked toked
Seeds, like Parfly Seed, but larger, ill talte hot and
aromaticjl.

\

Corn

'Hi e Thiers. It grows in Corn Fields among
Corn, or where Corn lias been Sown, “ jcveralp la-
rr<; ot ' En* fond \ it grows in Clay Grounds, ana nas
been found in Wheat Lands about Maple Durham in
Hampjhirc , and feveral other places.

VI. The Times. It begins to Flower about the
beginning of July, and fo continues Flowering a
long time; Parkmjon fays it Flowered not with him
till Aueuft, and that the Seed ripened about a Month
after 'but part of the Seed is many times ripe in
Aueuft, and fome other parts of it fcarcely in the
beginning of OBober, in the mean feafon fome of it
fails, whereby it renews ir fell; and grows with tfou-
* rifhing green Leaves all the Winter.

V1L As lo the gbpilies. Specification, Pieparati-

ons anil Virtues, they come very near or are the

fame with thofe of Our Common Par fly, Vat the Seed
is in form and tafte almoft like Parfly Seed , and
therefore to that yon are referred. ,

VIII. A ota. The Liquid Jmce. Goodyete rela-
ted that the juice- of a Handful ot the Leaves being
drunk in a draught of Ale or Beer every Morning
falting for a Fortnight, did cure one that had a lweL
to in her Cheek, Yearly there arifing, but its ori-
ginal caufe was unknown, yet it was attended with
great heat, rednefs, and itching , by the ufe ot this
Herb it was perfetbly cured, and rofe no more ; it is
poflible It may be an excellent thing againlt mnm°us
Tumors, or the Kings-Evil in any part of the Body.

II. Vie Kinds. Some will have it to be T elepbi-
um maculofum , or T elephium Dwjcondu \ and as
fuch they nurfe it up in their Gardens in Pans ; Do-
donum and Clufim fay that many took it to be Ma-
ni or Almara Avicenna:, in Cap. 464. of which he
makes five forts, but C/u, Hus takes /Poteen to mean
either our Borage or Buglojs , and that this Plant is
rather the LeucograpbU ? /ini) ™ 27- Cap. ii.

becaufe of the white fpots of the Leaves; Hefner
fays it was called by fome Cyimgloffus Montana, and
Bauhinm thereupon calls it Cynog/ofjum Montanum
D alechampius took Calendula lobe Cerintbe, a Ceico
ipfius Flore fie appellate ; but Ouftus refers it rather
to the Kinds of Borage or Buglojs, to which in tem-
perature he fays ir is nearett. Authors make at leal!
fix Kinds thereof, but we Ihall defcribe no more
than grow in our Gardens, which am the following,
viz 1 Cerintbe major Flore luteo & rubro Lotich)
(if Camera, ij Cerintbe quorundum major F lore verjt-
colore Cluflj , Cerintbe, feu CynogloJJum Montanum
majus Baulin,. The Greater Yellow and Red Honey-
wort 2. Cerintbe minor Flore luteo & rubro, Ce-
rintbe quinta Cluflj, Cerintbe Folia non macula, 0 vt-
ridi Baubini , The Leffer Yellow and Red Honey-
wort 2. Cerintbe major flavo Flore, Cerintbe Fine
flavo afperior Baubini, Cerintbe quorundum major
flewo Flore Cluflj, The Greater Yellow Honeywort.
, Cerintbe mi nor flavo F lore, Cerintbe quor undam
minor flavo Flore , Cerintbe minor Label: j ,

V Taber na, nonuni, Cerintbe PI, mj. The Leffer Y el-
low Honeywort. 5 . Cerintbe major Flore purpur an-
te Cerintbe ten, a Cluflj , Cennlhe Flore rubro pur-
purafeente Baubini , Purple Honeywott.

CHAP. CCCLXXII.
Of HONEYWORT,

WAX-

0 R,

FLOWER.

JJ 0 It is called in Greek KmM©-

x by Theopbrajius Lib. 6. Cap. 7. in Latine Ce-
rintbe, and in Englifh Honeywort, and Wax Flower.

I.'-J' H E Names.

Ill The Defcriptions. Thefirft, or Greater Yel-
low and Red Honeywort, has a Root whtcb isfome-
wbat great and thick, fending therefrom many Fibres
within the Earth, but periflies every Fear after Seed
time ; this party colored Plant rifes up with divers
thick hairy Stalks, almoft two Feet high, on which
are Let long large Leaves, of a blewifh green color,
fpotted with great white fpots , round at their far-
ther ends, and fo much encompaffing the Stalk at
the lower ends, that it Teems to go thro them, fet
with feme fmall Pricks or Thorns thereon, and a lit-
tle hairy withal; the Stalks are branched toward the
tops in other Smaller ones, and full of Leaves, but
much leffer, whofe ends do turn inwards, like the
Turnfole Heads, at every Leaf whereof comes forth
a long hollow Flower, like unto a Comfrey Flower,
and ai large, which in fome are all yellow, with a
l-eddilh circle about the middle thereof, but m others
from the middle forwards is of a yellow color the
other part next the Stalk being of a purplilh red
color with fome Threads in the middle tailing
fweet like Honey, wherewith Bees are much delight-
ed each Flower Handing in a green Husk, divided
into five parts at the tops in winch, alter ^ey are
call grow the Seed, which is blackilh, a Me cor-
nered, and flat at bottom, where it is joined to the
tluslt

iv' Gerard deferibes ir thus. T he Root fenjhes
at thefirft approach of Winter 5 it rifes forth ot the
Ground after the falling of its Seed, with two fmall
Leaves, like thofe of Bazil between the which
Leaves comes forth a thick, hr fmoorh, tender,
and brittle Stalk, fbll of Juice, di viding i t felf into
many other Arms, which are alfo divided into many
other Branches, bowing or leaning towards the
Ground, being not able without props to fultain it
felf, by reafon of the great weight of Leaves,
Branches , and much Juice , with which the whole
Plant is furcharged ; upon thefe Arms or Branches
are placed many thick rough Leaves, fet with very
(harp prickles, like the rough Skin of a Thornback^

Chap. 372. TsngUjb Herbs. 01

of a blewitti green color, fpotted very notably with I
white ftrakes and fpots, like the Leaves of the True
Pulmonaria , or Cow/lip of Jerufalem , and in fhape
like thole of the Codded Thorowax , which Leaves
do embrace or encompafs the Stalk round about,
from the bofom whereof comes forth fmall clutters
of yellow Flowers, with a circle or band of bright
Purple round about the midtt of the yellow Flower ;
the Flower is hollow fafhioned , like a little Box ,
and of a fweet or Honey tafte when it is fuck’d, in
the 'hollo wriefs whereof are many fmall Chives or
Threads, which being paft away, round black Seed
does come in place, contained in foft skinny Husks ;
the Flowers are very various in color , which are of
yellow or purple, and fometimes of both mixed to-
gether.

V. The fecond , or Letter Red and Yellow Honey-
wort, has a long Root , full of Fibres , perifhing every
Tear-j its Branches are both (hotter and leaning down-
wards, not handing upright, on which grow long
green Leaves, without any fpots on them, and letter
than the former ; the tops of the Branches are as full
of Leaves and Flowers as the foregoing, but turn
not in the fame manner * the Stalks which futtain
the Flowers, and fo likewife the fmall Leaves at the
foot of every Stalk, are fomewhat purplilh, but the
Husk in which the Flower grows is green , and cut
into five divifions; the Flower is long and hollow,
like the former, and almoft as great, of a Gold yel-
low color, dented at the ends, and with a Red or
deep Crimfon circle about the middle thereof; and
the Seed which follows is like the other, but fome-
what letter.

VI. The third , or Greater Yellow Honeywort. It
has a Root like the others , which perijhes after Seed
t'nne in the fame manner -, it rifes up with a reafon- ,
able great Stalk, Branched on all fides from the bot-
tom to the top, many of the lowermoft lying upon
the Ground , and the other ftanding more upright ,
on which grow long and large blewitti green Leaves,
Ipotted as the firft is , but not fo large at bottom ,
where they encompafs the Stalks , and having fome
prickles thereon in the middle, as the firtt has, and a
little hoary about the brim or edges •, the tops of
the Branches do bend downwards, fet with fmall
Leaves, and Flowers at them, as the firft, and as
large as they, but without any circle or bottom of
Purple, being wholly of a fair yellow color, with
fuch like Threads as the reft have, and Seed alfo
much the fame ; the Leaves of this feem to be rough-
er than the Leaves of the firft, but narrower at their
fetting on, as aforefaid.

VII. The fourth , or Letter Yellow Floneywort. It
has a Root which Is white alfo , and long , and abides
in more Southern Climes all the Tear long , but with
us perijhes in Winter -, it has a flenderer Stalk than
the former , near two Feet high , fet with fmaller ,
narrower, and fpotted Leaves thereon, without or-
der , one above another , on both fides the Stalks ,
which fpreads it felf out into many fmall but longer
Branches , from the middle thereof, thick fet with
Leaves and Flowers, which are like the laft, all yel-
low, but fmaller, and dented about their brims ; af-
ter which come fuch like Seed as the laft, but fmal-
ler.

VIII. The fifths or Purple Honeywort, has a white
long Root , which perijhes every Tear , and there] ore
mult be new fown every Spring ; it grows very like
the Great Tellow Kind , with low bending Branches,
and fomewhat large blewitti green fpotted Leaves,
like as the reft have ; the Flowers grow in the fame
manner as the others do, and as large, wholly of a
dark purplilh color, on the fuperficies whereof a lit-
tle whitenefs is perceived-, the Seed which follows
is like the others, but greater than any of them, and

I two for the moft part ftanding together in a Husk.

IX. The Places. The firft, third, and fifth, grow
wild in Spain , the firft in Bcetica and Portugal , the
third in Valentia , alio in Monte Palatino at Rome ;
and in Germany in Aujlria , Stiria , Bohemia , and
Hungary: the Originals of the fecond and fourth are
unknown, they none of them grow wild in England ,
but are only nurft up in Gardens.

X. The Times. They Flower all June , July, and
Augujt , and fometimes fo late, that we do not ga-
ther good Seed from any of them, but from the Red,
if the Year proves not warm enough, and wet with-
al to ripen them , or if they be not well watered
wheii it is a dry Summer, to bring them the fatter
forward ; they perifh at the firft approach of Winter,
and muft be fown the next Spring.

XL The Qualities. They are temperate in refpeH
to heat or cold, and dry in the fiift degree, Aftrin-
gent and Vulnerary.

XII. The Specification. They are peculiar to flop
Bleedings of all forts, the overflowing of the Terms,
Bloody Flux, Hepatick Flux, 0V.

XIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. A Liquid Juice or EJfence of the Herb. 2.
A Tec oil ion thereof in Wine. 3; A Ponder.

The Virtues.

XIV. The Juice or EJfence of the Herb. Taken
inwardly from one Ounce to two, or three, it is
good to flop inward bleeding, whether of any Veflel
broken in the Lungs, or Pilling Blood, or the Bloody
Flux ; it flops alfo bleeding at Mouth and Nofe ,
the overflowing of the Terms in Women, and other
Fluxes of the Bowels; if it is mixed with a little
Saffron , it is good for bleared and watering Eyes ,
and being ufed in foul Ulcers after they are clean-
fed , it helps to incarnate them , efpecially fuch as
are in the more nice and tender parts of the Body.

XV. The De coll ion in Wine. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Juice or Eflence before related, and does
the fame things, but not fo effectually, nor fo fpeed-
ily, and therefore is to be given or ufed oftner, and
in a greater quantity or Do ft.

XVI. The Pouder. It flops inward Bleedings and
Fluxes, as the Juice, Cfc. does, and being applied
outwardly to any flux of Blood, it prefently flops
it; ftrewed alfo upon moift and running Sores, or
putrid Ulcers , it cleanfes and dries them , and dif-
pofes them to healing.

XVII. Not a. Pliny and Virgil affirm, that Bees
are much delighted with the Flowers of thefe Plants,
being fweet, or abounding with Honey, and that they
gather from them more Honey and Wax than from
many other Flowers; and from thence doubtlefs it
obtained the Name of Cerinthe.

CHAP. CCCLXXIIJ.
Of PI O P S Garden and Wild.

I. ‘ I ~'H E Names. Diofcorides , Galen , nor any of
X the Ancient Greek Writers make any menti-
on of this Plant, nor yet any of the Ancient Latine
Authors, except Pliny only, who Lib. 21. Cap. 15.
does but only name it, and number ic among thofe
Herbs which grow of themfelves , and are ufed for
Meat with divers Nations* The Arabians have not
Y y y 2 only

53

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

only remembred it , but commended it highly for
many Difeafes. The Greeks at this day call it
Kj fyvuvta, Bryon and Bryonia , it is likely for the form
of the Leaves , and running of the Branches. The
Latines call it Lupulus , Lupus Salitfarius , Lupulus
Saliftarius ( qui ad Salices affurgit , vel qui Salitfum
curat , vel quia fa/it Vf reptat per Arbor es, aut quia
fcandit Salices ) Mefue makes it his third kipd ot
Volubilis , Lobe l calls it Vitis Septentrionalem , (The
Northern Vine) and Tragus Smilax afpera , which it
is not} we in Englifh call it Hop , or Hops.

II. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. i. Lupulus
Hortenfis , The Garden or Manured Hop. 2. Lupu-
lus Sylvcflris, Lupulus Lemma , The Wild Hop.

hairy, alfo rugged Leaves, like thofe of the Vine ,
or rather of Briony , but'yet blacker, and with fewer
dented divisions } the Flowers hang down by clutters
from the tops of the Branches, puffed up , and let
as it were with Scales, like little Canes, or Scaled
Pine Apples , of a whitifh color, tending to yellow-
nefs, and of a ttrong fmell.

| V. The fecond, Wild, or Female Hop, has a Root
like the former, and grows up in the fame manner ,
form, or fafhion, climbing upon Trees or Hedges , or
what f lands next unto it, with rough Branches and
Leaves like the former, but this bears much fmaller
Heads , and in far lefs plenty or number than the
Manured does, and fometimes in Lome Years there
are but few Heads to be feen upon lome Plants, and
herein confifts the efpeciai difference.

III. The Defcriptions. The fir (l, or Garden Hop,
has' a Root zvhieh is great at the head, fhooting forth
many blackifh firings, taking fajl hold of the Ground ■,
it riles up at firft with feveral great brown heads ,
like unto Afparagus, but larger, which afterwards
fpreading it felf out into rough Branches, climb up
upon great, long, or high Poles, which are fet on
purpofe for them to run upon -, it has many hard
and rough dark green Leaves, cut into three or five
divifions, fomewhat like unto Bramble Leaves , and
dented alfo about the edges} at the tops of the
Branches, which hang down again for the molt part,
come forth many fcaly heads , being as it were a
number of fmall yellowifh green Leaves growing
thick together , from among which come forth the
Flowers , of a whitifh yellow color , which being
aft , and the heads changing their color to a more
rownifh yellow, they are then fit to be gathered to
keep} in this Flower at the bottom thereof is con-
tained the Seed , which is brown , or of a reddifh
brown color, fmall and round.

IV. Gerard deferibes rhe Hop thus. The Roots
are flcndcr , and diver fly folded one within another \
it lives and fiourifhes by embracing and taking hold of
Poles , Pearches , and other things upon which it may
climb } it brings forth very long Stalks, rough and

VI. The Places. Thefe Plants grow more fre-
quently in our colder Climates, than in the hotter or
more Southern , they delight to grow in low moiit
Grounds , where they may have moifture enough ,
and yet not too much , for which caufe they are
planted on Hillocks as it were , and Trenches arc
made to receive or carry off any great quantity of
Water, that the Plants may not Itand drowned, by
which it appears they delight to grow in a fat and
fruitful Soil : The Wild Kind grows among Briers
and Thorns about the borders of Fields } thefe by
being tranfplanted into Gardens, and being manured
as the Garden Kind is, much alters it lelf, and be-
comes little inferior to that of the Garden , and in
procefs of time comes to the lame goodnefs and per-
feffion.

VII. The Times. They fpring not up till April ,
when from the old Roots , which remain all the
Winter, new Shoots or Buds come forth } they flow-
er not till the latter end of June, and the Hops iheni-
felves are not gathered till the middle of Augufl, and
the beginning and middle of September, when they
are dried, and fo kept all the Year for ufe.

VIII. The Vitalities. They are hot and dry in the
third degree, Inciding, Aperitive, Abfterfive, Sub-
aftringent, Digeftive, Difcuflive, and Diurerick,

Neurotick ,

Chap. 37?.

Neurotick, Stomatick, Hepatick, Nephritick, Hy
fterick, and Arthritick, Emmenagogick, Sudorifick,
Alexipharmick, and Lithontriptick.

IX. T he Specification. They are of fpecial ufe to
cleanfe the Blood , provoke Urine , help the Stran-
gury, break and expel the Stone, Gravel, Sand, and
Tartarous Mucilage from the Reins, Ureters, and
Bladder , kill Worms , expel Poyfon , and provoke
the Terms in Women : The Garden and Wild are
equal in virtue.

X. T he Preparations. You may have therefrom,
I. ASa/let. 2. A Liquid Juice of the Leaves, Roots,
and green Hops. 3. An Effence of the fame. 4. An
Infufton in Wine or Water. 5. A Syrup of the Juice.
6. A Decoftion of the Roots. 7. A Touder of the
Seed. 8. A Spirituous Tinlfure of the flowers or
Hops. <). An Acid Tinlfure. 10 .An Oily Tint! lire
of the fame. 11. A Saline Tinlfure. 12. A Spirit
front the Hops. 13. The Bath.

The Virtues.

XI. T be Sallet. The firlt Buds of the Hops being
laid a while in Sand will make them tenderer , and
being boiled are ufed to be eaten after the fame man-
ner as the Buds of Afparagus are, and with as great
delight to the tafte ; they open the obftruftions oi
Liver and Spleen, cleanfe the Blood, loofen the Bel-
ly, expel Gravel and Sand from the Reins, and give
eafe in the Strangury.

XII. The Liquid Juice of the tops of Hops. It has
all the former Virtues, but much more powerful, it
effeUually cleanfes the Blood, and is a good expe-
dient for the cure of the French Difeafe, as alfo all
forts of Scabs, Itch, Pimples, Herpes, Tettars, Ring-
worms, Morphew, Scurf, fpreading Sores , and all
forts of difcolorings of the Skin , being taken daily
Morning and Night, from two Ounces to four, in
any fit Vehicle; it is found by experience to expel
Poyfon.

XIII. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the
Liquid Juice, but much more powerful to the Inten-
tions ; belides which, being taken two or three Hours
before the coming of the Fit of an Ague, it is faid
to cure it at fome few times taking; it kills Worms
in the Body, provokes the Terms, and powerfully
expels Urine ; dropt into fore and ulcerated Ears ,
cleanfes them from their Corruption , takes away
their flanking fmell, and heals them ; it purges Cho-
ler, but more effeUually if given in Whey of Goats
Milk; if the ufe of it is continued for fome time,
Spring and Fall, it has been found to cure the Kings--
Evil, and the Scurvy.

XIV. The Infufton of Hops in Wine or Water. It
cures the Strangury , or fuch as make their Water
with heat and difficulty , and brings away Stones ,
Sand, Gravel, or Tartarous Mucilage , obftrufiing
the paffages of the Reins , Ureters, and Bladder ; if
Decoftion of Hops is ufed in making of Bread, it is
.faid to make the Dough to rife better, and the Bread
to be the lighter; it has all the Virtues of the Juice
and Effence, but not full out fo powerful, and there-
fore may be given to fix or eight Ounces Morning
and Night.

XV. The Decolfion of the Roots. Clufius lays, that
the Women in Spain ufe it to cure the falling of the
Hair, caufed by the French Difeafe. Take fair Wa-
ter a Gallon , Hop Roots cleanfed and bruifed a
Pound, or more, boil them together totheconfump-
tion of a third part , or better, ftrain out , and give
half a Pint of it to drink every Morning fading, let-
ting the Patient fweat upon it; fome add to the De-
cofiion Roots of Tarfly and Sfuitchgrafs, with a few
Raifons of the Sun.

XVI. The Syrup of the Juice. It has all the Vir-

tues of Juice, Effence, and intulion, bur mult iv gi-
ven in three times a larger quantitv, becaufj rite
Medicament is fo much clogged with Sugar ; it cun ;
fuch as1 have the Yellow Jaundice, eales the 1 k.idach
which comes of heat, attemperares the calidiry of
Stomach and Liver, and is very profitably given in
long and hot Agues, arifing from inflame. I Stool
and Choler ; it lootens the Belly, mid efrcUu, Jiy
cures the Scurvy, Dropfie, Gout, and Kings-Kvil.

XVII. The Touder of the Seed. Bein'' given to
the quantity of a Dram in theMoriiine hliin,", and
laft at Night going ro Bed, it kills Worms iiiVhil-
dren, or elder People, provokes Urine powerfully,
and brings down Womens Courts.

XVIII. The Spirituous Tinlfure of Hep ,-. It is not
inferior to any Diet-Drink which can be given to
fucli as labour under the Scurvy, Gout, Dropfie, Pox,
and Kings-Evil ; it Angularly purifies the Blood after
a Salivation, but it is belt to be given to fuch as are
of a cold and moift habit of Body, fat and corpulent
and not to fuch as are thin, hollow, and feeni ro be
emaciated or coiifumed; it may be given from a
Dram to two Drams, or more, in Ale, Beer, Wine
or other proper Vehicle.

XIX. The AeidTinffure of Hops. It has the Vir-
tues of the Spirituous Tintfure, bur much more fir
to be given to fuch as are of hot, habits oi Body, be-
caufe it cools and refrefhes; it exterminates ,1 1 ma-
lignity of the Pox, Plague, or Poyfon, and is fingu-
Iarly good againft the Sitings ot Mad Dogs. Vipers
and other venomous Serpents, ifc. it er.idic-at s tile
Scurvy, Gout, and Kings-Evil, and after an admirable
manner cures Agues and Fevers, and kills Worms in
Old or Young.

XX. The Oily Tinlfure of Hops. As a Topick it
gives eafe in the Gout and Sciatica, and cafes all
pains ot the Joints and Limbs coining of cold and
moifture; it is an excellent thing againfl the Palfie
being anointed upon the Back Bone, and upon the
parts affefted, giving it inwardly alfo at the lame
time; you may give from ten to twemy, or thirty
drops tor a dofe, being dropt into White Sugar, and
then mixed with a Glafs of White Wine and lo ta-
ken it gives eafe in the Strangury, provoke, Urine
and the Terms, and effectually cures the Colick, and
cleanfes the Reins, Ureters and Bladder from finall
Stones, Gravel, Sand, and Tartarous Matter lodg
therein ; if the Dofe is doubled or trehbled,

ven two hours before the Fit of an Ague, it a

ly cures it at three or four times taking,

XXI. The Saline Tinlfure of Hops. It cures hy
bathing therewith Scurf Morphew. Leprulic. Tot-
rars, Ringworms, Herpes, and other like hreakiues
our, and dears the Skin of Tainting, Sunbuminq
black and blew Spots, Yellowncfs, and other like
difcolorings thereof

XXII. The Spirit of Hops. Ir is truly Cordial
cheats the Heart, and refrelhts the Animal and Vital
Spirits; it is good in Fainting and Swooning Fits
reprefles Vapors, and other Hyfleritk Ditalcs and
alter a Angular manner prevails againft finvulfions
whether in Old or Young, and is hcipiul ag unit Pj-
ralytick Diftempers.

XXIII. lie Hath. It is made of the Hops l v
boiling ill fair Water; if Women lit in ir, and con',
tinue the ulu of it for fome time, it brings down the
Terms tho’ long ftopt, piovoke. Urine, eats pah. s
of the Joints and Limbs, as alio the txciuihic uvrturcs
of the Strangury, and takes away the lvvelling and
hardnefs ot die Womb.

is tote obferved, that becauf bHops have an admira-
ble fragrancy and fubtil odor, and abound wonder-
fully with volatile parts, they are never to be boded
in making of Beer, (for fo all their volatile parrs will
be loft) but only icalded and infufed m the lame,
by which means you will extraS . into the Liquor
all their volatile and excellent fubftance, leaving the

earthy or deviliih parts behind which the way by

boiling only extraHs; and this Truth all fuch as are
accuftomed to make Tea can demonftrate, who if
they boil their Tea, always ipod their Liquor, lor
which reafon they only fold and infufe it in the
fame, if they would have it admirable: The. lame
thing is to be underftood of Hops and of all other
Vegetable fubftances, which confilt of fragrant odo-
riferous, and volatile parts, if fo be you would pre-
ierve them.

ry than it, on which Stalks are fet by couples Leaves
fomewhat longer, thicker, whiter, and more woolly
than it and fomewhat dented about the edges ; the
Flowers grow at the tops of the Stalks in rundles, at
the feveral Joints with the Leaves , which are of a
pale purplifh color, like the Common fort and Hand-
ing in the like rough Husks: Gerard calls this Snow
white Horehound.

C H

A P. CCCLXX1V.

Of horehound

White.

Horehound White Common .

I'T'HE Names. This kind of Plant is called in

Greek nfimv, in Latine Prafutm, and mar-
rubium , in Eng/ijh Horehound. . , ,

II. T he Kinds. There are four genetick Kinds
hereof viz. 1 . erf Jan m»i»' ■ Prafium, vel Marrubium
Album. White Horehound. 2. Prafium r^tgrum ,
Black Horehound. a. Prafium Aquaticum, Water
Horehound. 4. Prafium Pccltdum, Prafium St/vejire.
Wild Horehound, or Stachys.

III. The Kinds oj the White. Of this there ate
five Species, viz. 1. Marrubium Album Vulgare ,
Prafium Album Commune , Proftum Anguilarn Uur
Common White Horehound. 2. Marrubium Landt-
ium alterum , Marrubium Cdniidum Htfpamcunuyel
Pannonicum Lobelij & Cluftf Marrubium Candidum
Gerarii , Marrubium Crcticum Comer an], Marrubt-
ttm Album Latifolium Peregrinum Baubtm , White
Spanilh Horehound. 3. Marrubium Cretteum An-
/uftiore Polio Lobelij , Marrubium Crcticum Lamer a-
ri Dodon.fi, Lugiunenfis, V \ aliorum Marrubium
Album Angitfl if olium Peregrinum Bduhini , bweet
Candy Horehound. There is another Species : of
this ,' which is ur.favory , or without Knell , called
Marrubium Crcticum Angtijhfohis inodorumhy P.fly-
ten/is which is Marrubium Album Peregrinum bre-
vibur& obtufs Po/ijs Baubini. 4. Marrubium Al-
bum Vilofum Baubini, thought to be Prafium DwJ-
coridis ‘ White Hairy Horehound , called by fome
french Horehound. 5. Marrubium Cnfpum, and
Marrubium Album Crifpunt, White Curled Hore-
hound.

IV. The Defctiptions. The fir ft , or Common
White Horehound, hat a Root which ts blackijh , hard
and woody, with many Pibres or Strings thereat, which
dies not every Winter , but abides many Years $ from
this Root fpring up levetal fquare hoary Stalks, hall
a Yard or two Feet high, fet at the Joints with two
crumpled , or as it were rough Leaves , of a dull ,
hoary, green color, and of an agreeable good fmell,
but of a very bitter tafte; the Flowers ate fmall,
white, and gaping, let in tough, hard, prickly Husks
round about the Joints with the Leaves, from the
middle of the Stalk upwards , in which afterwards
is found fmall, round, blackifh Seed.

V. Thefecond, or White Spanifh Horehound, has
Roots like the former Common Kind , which fends
forth levetal fourfquate Stalks, mo re white and hoi-

VI. The third. , or Sweet Candy Hotehound. It
has a long Jlender Root, furnijhed with a great bujh
of Pibres, from which fpring up feveral crooked, or
not very ftraight Stalks, which ate round, and not
fquare, and ilenderer than the laft; on thefe Stalks
grow fometimes broader , and at fome times and in
fome places fmallet, longer, and narrower Leaves
than thofe of the fecond Kind, (of which in my
opinion this is a Species) thefe Leaves are fet by
couples at the Joints, more dented about the edges,
and more white or hoary than the former Horehcunds ,
as the Stalks alfo are, which branch forth into many
{lender Branches, having Flowers at the Joints like
the former, but fmaller, and purplifh, and fet in
fmaller and fharper Husks, the Seed being alfo like
it : The Un/avory or fmell lefs Kind has only thefe
differences, that the Leaves are (hotter, narrower,
and rounder pointed, and in a manner without any
fmell.

VII. The fourth, or White Hairy Horehound, cal-
led by fome French Horehound. It has a woody ' fi-
brous Root , which fends forth Stalks , fifing up. not
above a foot high , round , and of a hard woody fuh-
ftance, white and hoaiy, fpreading into divers
Branches, on which grow thick Leaves, in the fame
manner as the former, but fmaller and rounder, and
a little dented at the edges, and fo white, fmooth,
and woolly underneath , as no Cottonweed is more,
but fomewhat blackifh and rugged on the upper fide ;
the Flowers Hand at diflances at the tops of the
Branches , of a pale purplifh color , and in the like
rough Husks.

Chap. 374- ‘Englijh Herbs. 535

VIII. The fifth, or White Curled Horehound. It
heu herd, round , white, woolly, or downy Stalks ; the
Leaves are fmaller than the lalt, and a little crum-
pled and curled at the edges, and a little dented al-
fo they are of a greyifh color on both lides , but
not fo woolly as the laft ; the Flowers Hand in the
fume manner as the reft, in prickly Husks, but whi-
ter than any of the former.

IX. The Places. The firft , being the Common
Kind, grows plentifully in all places of England, in
dry Grounds, and walte Greens, alfo near unto old
Walls, Banks, Ditch lides, High Ways, and beaten
Paths, in untilled places; it grows in all other
Countries alfo, where it alters fomething, according
to the fituation and nature of the Countries, for
commonly that which grows in Candid and Hungaria
is much whiter , and of a fweeter fmell , and the
Leaves oftentimes narrower and Idler than that
which grows in England, and other Northern Coun-
tries ; the fecond grows naturally in Spain, the third
in Candia, the fourth about Paris in f rattle, the fifth
in Germany, all which four latter grow w ith us on-
ly in Gardens , being firlt raifed of Seed brought
from thofe places.

X. The Times. They all Flower in July and
Augttfi, (and that in the fecond Year after the row-
ing of them) and their Seed is ripe not long after.

XI. The Vitalities. White Horehound is hot in
the fecond degree , and dry in the third , bitter in
tafte, Aperitive, Digeftive, Abfterfive, Peftoral, He-
patick, Splenetick, Hyfterick, Sudorifick, Emmena-
gogick, Alexipharmick, and Analeptick.

XII. The Specification. It is good againft Coughs
and Ihortnefs of Breath , cures Ulcers of the Lungs,
eafes pains of Liver and Spleen, expels Poyfon, and
heals old filthy Ulcers.

XIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. A Liquid Juice. 2. An EJJettce. 3. Pra-
fimel. 4. A Decollion. 5 A Syrup. 6. A Wine.
7, A Vinegar. 8. A Pouder. y. An Ointment or
half am. 1 o. A Cataplafm. 1 1 . An Acid 1 mil arc.
12. A Spirituous Tinffure. 13. An Oily Tinffure.
14. A Saline Tinffure. 15. A Decoffion Compound.

The Virtues.

XIV. T he Liquid Juice. Being given to two or
three Spoonfuls, and repeated twice a day, in a Glafs
of White Port Wine, to Women whofe Courfes are
obit ructed, it brings them down ; being dropt into
the Ears it eafes their pain, and taken in a Glafs of
Wine it helps Stitches and Pains in the Sides; fnuft
up the Nollrils it is a good Errhine to purge the
Head and Brain of mucous Humors and filthinefs ob-
ftrufting that Ventricle; it opens obftrutlions of Li-
ver and Spleen, as Galen fays : Matthiolus lays it is
available for fuch as have bad Livers, and have an
Itch, or running Tettars upon them.

XV. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the
Liquid Juice, belides which it is good for fuch as are
purfie and wheaze, or are Ihort winded, for liich as
are weakned by long Sicknefs, and ate wafted and
fallen into a Confumption ; it brings forth both Birth
and Afterbirth, and is good to facilitate the Birth of
fuch who have long and hard Labor ; it expels Poy-
fon of any Vegetable, and cures fuch as are bitten by
mad Dogs, Serpents, or other venomous Beafts ; it
kills Worms in Children, and prevails againft the
Yellow Jaundice. Dofe two or three Spoonfuls
Morning and Night in a Glafs of Wine.

XVI. Prafimel, or Honey of Horehound. It is
made by mixing a Quart of the Juice with a Pint of
Honey, and clarifying it with the White of Eggs. It
is good for Coughs, Colds, Confumptions, or Ul-

cers of the Lungs, Hoarfenels, Wheezing, fhortnefs
of Breath ; it expeftorares tough Flegm out of the
Thorax , but ail this it does more efteUually if it is
mixc with a proportionable quantity of the Pouder
of Florentine Orrice Root; if old, foul, and running
Ulcers he drelt with it, ic cleanfes and heals them ;
dropt into the Eyes it mightily dears the Eyefighr,
and dropt into the Ears kills Worms, and heals Ul-
cers therein ; fnuft up the Nollrils ir purges the Head
admirably; taken ordinarily Morning, Noon, and
Night, it is excellent good for Old Men, and others,
whole Lungs are afflifled with thin , fait ,• cold
Rheum, cuufing it to be expeSorated, lot which
realon it is lingularly good againft Afthma’s.

XVII. The Decoffion. It "has all the Virtues of
the Liquid Juice, Effence, and Prafimel, but nothing
near fo powerful , for. which reafon it may he given
in double or trebble quantity, Morning, Noon, and
Night; it is an excellent Lotion to walh old Sores
withal, and to make an InjefMon of to cleanfe the
Womb.

XVIII. The Syrup. It is an extraordinary Peflo-
ral, very good' lor old Coughs , and to ripen tough
Flegm ; it is alfo good for fuch as are Afthmatick,
or Ihort Winded, and breath difficultly, it has all
the Virtues of the Prafimel, and nearly as good as it
to all thofe Intentions. Dofe one or two Spoonfuls
Morning and Night, to be given alone by it felf.

XIX. The Wine. It has the Virtues of all the
former Preparatiqns, but not fo powerful as the Ef-
fence; it is. good againft the Plague or Peftilence,.
as alfo for old People, and cold Conftitutions.

XX. The Vinegar. It is good againft the Plague,
given a Spoonful or two at a time in any proper ve-
hicle, and prevails againft any Vegetable or Animal
Poyfon ; outwardly ufed it cleats the Skin of Mor-
phew. Scurf, Pimples, Rednefs, Tettars, Ringworms,
Herpes, and other like fait eruptions.

XXI. The Pouder. Given to a Dram in the
Morning falling, and lalt at Night going to Bed, it
kills Worms in Children, (Lengthens the Stomach ,
and provokes Sweat in elder People, refills Poyfon,
provokes the Terms, and educeth the Birth; ufed as
an Errhine it purges the Head and Brain of cold,
moift, vifeous and pituitous Humors ; if it is ftrew-
ed thick upon old, rotten, putrid, and filthy Ulcers,
it cleanfes them, dries up the humidity, and induces
their healing.

XXII. The Ointment or Balfam. It is a lingular
Vulnerary, curing green Wounds in a Ihort time; it
is good alfo for running Sores, old Ulcers, and the
like, for if need be it digefts, cleanfes, incarnates,
dries, and heals ; it is good againft Pulhes, Pimples,
Boils, £cabs, and other like breakings out, being
applied.

XXIII. The Cataplafm. The Leaves being made
into a Cataplafm with Honey do cleanfe foul Ulcers,
and put a Hop to running and Ipreading Sores, which
are eating and rebellious; if the Cataplafm is made
of the green Leaves boiled with Hogs Lard, and ap-
plied to the bitings of mad Dogs prefently, it draws
forth the Venom or Poyfon, it difeuffes the fwellings
of Womens Breads, eafes pains, and draws forth
Thorns, or any other thing out of the Flelh ; it heals
alfo any fort of Scab, whether dry or moift.

XXIV. The Acid Tinffure. . k is a lingular Anti-
dote againft the Plague or Peftilence, and all forts of
peftilential and malign Difeafes, it opens all forts of
obltruftions of the Vilcera, chiefly of the Lungs ,
(Lengthens and fortifys the Stomach, caufes a good
Appetite and a ftrong Digeftion, and poflibly it may
be one of the belt things againft the Rickets in Chil-
dren in the World ; let it be given in all that the Pa-
tient drinks, fo many drops at a time, to make the
Vehicle pleafintly fliarp,

XXV, The

536

Salmon s Herbal . Lib, 1.

XXV. T/v Spirituous Tindure. It is Cordial
and Hyfcerick, it provokes the Terms, refills Poyfon,
Warms and comforts the Stomach, flops Fluxes, and
gives eafie in the Colick, and gripings of the Guts;
as it expels Wind, fo it refills Vapors; and being
tiveetned well with Honey, is an extraordinary reilo-
lative in Confumptions. Dole half a Spoonful
Morning, Noon, and Night, in any convenient Ve-
hicle.

XXVI. The Oily TinBure. It provokes the Terms
as powerfully as any of the former Preparations,
gives eafe to pains in the Back, and opens oblfrtif.fi-"
Oils of the Reins and Bladder ; it is good againft pain
and ficknefs of Stomach , and any external pain of
the Nerves in any part of the Body -, it is a fingular
thing againft the Palfie, being inwardly taken, and
outwardly applied to the parts aftefled, being alfo
bathed along down the Back Bone Mornings and
Evenings; anointed upon hurts or punftures of the
Nerves, it eafes the pain and cures them ; it gives
eafe alio in Hitches and pains of the Side, and in
the Colick, as alfo in pains of the Gout, proceeding
from what crufe foever. Dofe from ten drops to
twenty, or more, dropping them firft into Sugar, and
then mixing the Sugar with -a Glafs of White Port
Wine, and lb drinking it Morning and Night as long
as need requires.

XXVII. The Sdme TinBure. It is good againft
the Itch, and all forts of itching of the Body, pre-
vails againft Ringworms, Tettars, Herpes, Scurf,
Morphew, Pimples, Scabs, and all other breakings^
out of the Body; it is alfo faid to clear the Skin of
Yellownefs, Rednefs, Tanning, Sunburning, Frec-
kles, Lentils, and the like, in what place foever they
happen in, by walhing the parts aft'efted therewith
Morning and Evening, and letting it dry in.

XXVIII. 'The Decdlion Compound. Take frejh
11. .rebound two Ounces , Roots of Agrimony , of Bug-
lofs , and of Elecampane , oj each half an Ounce , Lig-
num Aloes , Rhubarb , of each three Drams , choice
While Tort Wine three Pints, or two fpitarts, boil co-
vered till half be con famed, then J1 rain out, and dul-
cify it with White Sugar. It is an excellent Medi-
cine to open obftruQions of the Lungs, Liver, Spleen,
Gall, and Womb. Dofe two Ounces every Morning
fulling, as much at Two after Noon, and the like at
Bed time, lor fourteen or twenty days together, for
the Cure of the Yellow Jaundice.

CHAP. CCCLXXV.

Of HO REHOUND Black.

L'T' H E Karnes. It is called in Greek arajnmm-

X ray, Plinij Lib. 27. Cap. 8. in Larine Prafi-
um, vel Marrubium Nigrum, and in Englijh Black
Horehound.

II. The Kinds. It is the fecond of the Generick
Kinds, and comprehends thefe following Species,
viz. 1. Marrubium Nigrum Latifolium Baubini,
Marrubium Hifpanicum Tabernamontani C Gerardi,
Marrubium Nigrum Hifpanicum Parkinfoni , Mar-
rubium Hifpanicum odore Stacbadis Lobelij , Octma-
ftrum Valentinum Clufij , (becaufe fo called at Valen-
cia in Spain ) Black Horehound , and Spanilh Hore-
hound. 2. Marrubium Nigrum Longifolium Baubi-
ni, Sideritis Monfpelienfium , & Parietaria Monfpe-
Ucnftum Cordi Cl Lugduncnfis, Herba Venti & Ron-
ddetij aliorum. Long Leav’d Black Horehound, and
Black French Horehound. This Lobe! queltions

whether it be not the Qthonna Diofcoriiis , lather
than the Flos Africanus, which wears that Title.

III. The Defcriptions. It has a Root which is
{mall, and without any, long Fibres or Strings, and
fends up fquare hairy Stalks, about a Foot high ; the
Leaves grow on the Stalks by pairs or couples at
the Joints , which are fomewhat long , and round
pointed, thinner, and fuller of Veins than the Wild
Black Horehound, like unto the middle fort of Ba/il,
as Clujius fays, but longer, and of no feent at all, as
Chtftus fays, but Label fays it has the fmell of Stce-
chas, or Caffidony ; the Flowers grow at the tops of
the Stalks in prickly Husks, in Wharls or Rundles,
of a white color, as Clujius fays, but of a purplifh
color according to Label-, after which comes black
Seed , like the other Kinds , and growing in like
prickly Husks.

• IV. The fecond, or Long Leav’d Black Horehound.
It has a thick Root, which fpreads it felf with many
blackijh Strings, by which it takes hold and fixes it
felf inthe Earth , andkeepsit felf alive from Tear to
Tear , J. hooting out frejh Stalks every Spring ; thefe
Stalks are fquare, and rough , riling up a Foot and
half, or two Feet, and fpreading themfelves into di-
vers Branches , fet with two long and fomewhat
broad Leaves at every Joint, longer and broader than
Sage Leaves , and longer pointed , dented about the
edges, and of a fad overworn green color, which in
the Winter time remaining withered on the Branches,
without falling off, are to be feen full of holes, as
if they had been eaten with Worms , all the Ribs
and Veins abiding as they grew, till Froft comes and
caufes their Stalks to fall away ; the Flowers are of
3 purplifh color, greater than any of the Horehounds,
and more gaping; after which, ( being pall away )
comes the Seed in hard prickly Husks, like unto
Horehound: This Plant has no fmell, good or bad,
to be found in it, but ;s as it were fmell-lefs.

V. Nota. Thefe two Plants fome Authors will
have to be no Horehounds, but yet for their likenefs
fake they are referred by others to this Stock, nor

can

Chap. 37 6.

Herbs.

can I cell to what other Family they can be fo well
joined, for as much as they have the very fame Vir-
tues with the former White Horehounds.

VI. The Places. The firft of them is a native of
Spain, the fecond of Prance , and grows about Mont-
pelier in fat Grounds, and fometimes in Wheat Fields,
with us they grow in Gardens, being produced from
Seed brought to us from thence.

VII. The Times. They both Flower in July and
Auguft, and their Seed is ripe within a Month after.

VIII. The Vitalities, Specification , Preparations ,
and Virtues , are the fame with thofe of the White
Horehound , declared in the former Chapter, fo that
no more need be faid of them in this place.

IX. A Cataplafm. Dio/co rides fays , that the
Leaves being lfamped with Salt and applied, it cures
the biting of a mad Dog, againft which it is of great
efficacy ; a Cataplafm being made alfo of the Leaves
roafted in hot Embers , and applied , does wafte or
confume away hard lumps or knots (Ficus) in the
Fundament ^ it alfo cleanfes foul and filthy Ulcers,
as the fame Author affirms.

CHAP. CCCLXXVI.

Of HOREHOUND Water.

I.'Tp H E Names. It is called in Greek n &ncv ’iw-
X in Latine Prafium Aquatic urn. JHarru-

hi urn Aquatile , in Englifh Water Horehound , and
Alarjh Horehound.

Horehound Water.

537

put it alio for Sidcritis fccuthlu Diofcoridis , blit An-
guilara , Gefter , Camcrarms , Lacuna , Lugditncnfts. ,
Thalius , and Matthiohis , puts it for Stdentis prim
Diofcoridis ; it is alfo Lancca Chrifti Gefneri , Mar-
rub mm Lain fire glabrum Baitbini , ' Mar rubium Palu-
flre aliorum , Our Common or Ordinary Water Hore-
hound. 2. Bsr/r.71], Ballot e , Marnibium A igriim
i<v l uhtm Bauhini , negmiv firm Black Water

Horehound , or Stinking Water Horehound , alfo
Marnibium Aigrum, as molt Authors call it , but
fome call it Marrubafinim , and Lobe/ Marrubium
Spuriuvt. a. Marnibium Aqualiam Hirfutum Ban-
bini, Marnibium Aquaticum aliening Hoary or Hairy
Marlh or Water Horehound. 4. Marnibium J\i-
\grung Marnibium Aigntm Cretiatm A/piui , Candy
Black Horehound.

III. The Defcriptions. T be firft, or Common
Water Horehound, has a Root which confifis of a bujh
of blackifh Fibres or Strings, which fends forth Stalks
which are fomething great and high , fquare and
ftrong, having two fomewhat large and long Leaves
fet at every Joint, deeply dented or cut in about the
edges, not hairy or rough at all, but imooth and
green-, at the Joints with the Leaves, towards the
tops , grow final 1 whitifh Flowers in rough green
Husks, encompafling the Stalk about; which being
pad away the Seed follows, which is round, and of
a blackifh color, four ulually let together in the
Husk.

Black Water Horehound.

1; ; !

53

8 Salmon’* Herbal. Lib. I.

plilh color, fomewhac like the Red Archangel , or
De,iJ Kettle , glowing in greenifh Husks , and en-
compalkng the Stalk, as the others do-, the Seed al-
io is black and round, four fee together, as in the
other : This Plant ParkinJ'cn fiys he has found fome-
times with white flowers.

V. The third , or Hairy Marfa or Water. Hore-
hound. It has fquare hoary Stalks, a little hairy and
rough, on which grow Leaves by pairs or couples , as
in the jointer, which are hairy, hard, and hoary,
much more cut in on the edges than the firft at Sea:.

3. above, cut in fo deep, as to reach iometimes even
to the middle Rib, making them feem like the
Leaves of the Great Mountain Scabious , the ends
being pointed and (harp-, the flowers are fmall and
vvhitifh , handing in rough green Husks, encompaf
ling the Stalk about, which being palt away the Seed
follows, which is blackifh and round at the bottom
of the Husk.

VI. The fourth , or Candy Black Horehound, has
a fibrous or jlringy Root, which fends forth its fir fi
Leaves fomewhat like to thoj'e of a Primrofe, being
many, larger and longer than thofe of the While
H rebound, dented about the edges, and lharp point-
ed , as large as thofe of Bawm, and of fo black a
color , as ic may lean to be lo colored or dyed by
Art ^ irom among thefe Leaves fprings up a fquare
Stalk, or Stalks, upon which, as it were at Joints,
grow many fuch like Leaves together, but lefler, up
to the- tops, Where the Flowers hand encompafling
them, being in form like to thofe of Horehound, but
blackifh alio, the Plant being wholly without fmell
or talte.

VII. The Places. They all grow in moift and
wet Grounds, the two firft in feveral places of Eng-
land, the lecond has been found in the way to Roche-
Jlcr, about half a Mile from Gravcfend, the third
grows in Aullria, the fourth in Candy, but the two
ldit not with us, unlefs planted in Gardens.

\ 111. The Times. They all Flower in the Sum-
mer Months, as in the latter end of June, in July,
and Augufi, and give their Seed foon after.

IX. The Vitalities, Specification, Preparations and
Virtues of the three lalt are the fame with thofe of
White Horehound in Chap. 974. aforegoing, and the
fecond of thefe are laid to have the Virtues of the
Black Horehounds in Chap. 375. Sett. 9. being ufed
and applied in the fame manner.

X. As to the Qualities and Virtues of the firft of
thefe in this Chapter Authors have faid nothing, but
this l have found by experience, that ic is an excel-
lent Vulnerary , whether inwardly taken in Juice,
Effence, DecoHion, Wine, or Tin&ure, or outward-
ly applied in Oil, Balfam, Ointment, Cerate, or
Cataplafm, be.

England, we (hall only treat of the three following.
viz. 1 . St achy s Gerardi , Dodonai , Lugdanenfis, Ta-
bernamontam , Matthioli , St achy s minor Camerarij,
St achy s Eloribus gratioris odoris Gefneri, St achy s
Lychnitis , St achy s Spuria Elandronm Lobelij , St a -
chys Jtalica minor Bauhini , Salvia Sylvefiris tertia
Cafalpini, Wild Horehound, Bale Horehound, Leffer
Horehound, and Italian Horehound. 2. Stachys Eucb-
fij , Stachys Germanica Gefneri , Stachys Germanica
major Camerarij, PJe udofi achy s Matthioli, & Lugdu-
nenfis, Stachys minor Germanica Bauhini , Marrubi-
um Montanum Album Thalij, Sideritis Heraclea Co-
lumn.a, Fabij, Salvia Sylvefiris Cafalpini, Great Wild
Horehound, or Great Bafe Horehound. 3. Stachys
Palufiris Gefneri & Camerarij, Marrubium Aquati-
cum acutum Gerardi , Betonica feetida Gefneri , in
Collatione Stirpium, Sideritis prima gravis odoris Da-
lechampij b Thalij , Clymcnum minus Lugdunenfis ,
Terziola Cafalpini, (becaufe it cures Tertian Agues)
Lyfimachia Galericulata Adu/terina Befleri in his
Hortus Eyfietenfis, Marfh Wild Horehound, or Bafe
Horehound.

CHAP. CCCLXXVII.

Of HOREHOUND Wild,

o r,

STACHYS.

i: T-- H E Names. It is called in Greek Era in
I Latine alio Stachys, and in Eng/ijb Will
Horehound, Bafe Horehound, and Stachys.

II. The Kinds. Authors make about feven Kinds,
but bv reafon the moll of them are- not to be had in

III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Wild Hore-
hound, which is thought to be the Stachys veia Di-
ofcoridis, has a Root which is woody and durable,
made of divers blackifh Strings, which ferifhes not
after it has given Seed ; from this Root rife up feveral
loft, woolly, green Leaves, lying upon the Ground,
and abiding all the Winter, fomewhat broad and
long, of about two Inches in breadth, and three in
length, fmooth, and not dented at all, or very little
about the edges ; from the middle of thefe Leaves
arifes fometimes but one Stalk, and fometimes di-
vers Stalks, bearing divers fuch like Leaves thereon,
but leffer , and fet by pairs or couples one oppofite
to another at the Joints, fomewhat hard, and a lit-
tle longer and whiter than thofe of Common Hore-
hound, (to which the whole Plant is very like) the
Stalks alfo are high and jointed , and fet with foft
hairs ; from the middle of the Stalks, and fo up-
wards, come forth feveral Flowers, of a yellow co-
lor, as Lobe l, Camerarius , and Gerard lay, but of
a purplilh color as Parkinfon fays, (he having never

fee n

Chap. 377, ‘Engfojh Herbs. 5 ^

i'een any of the Te/low). thefe Flowers ftand in fofr-
er Husks than thofe of the former, or Common Hore-
hounds - and with a narrower- Wharle encompafs the
Stalk, after which come blackilh round Seed ; the
tops are fmall and long, and end as it were in a
Spike, being of a fweet fmell, as Gerard fays,' but
Parkinfon fays the fmell is fmall with us, and not fo
pleafint as others fay it is , for any thing that ever
he could obferve.

IV. T be fecond , or Great Wild Horehound, (which
is the Great Dutch Bafe Horehound.) It has a Root
which is hard, and fomewhat yellow, the Stalks here-
of are thick, fourfquare, and hoary, fometimes two
or three Feet high-, the Leaves are broad, long,
hoary, nicked in the edges, and hairy, as alfo are
the Stalks-, thefe Leaves are indeed iomewhat like
unto great Sage Leaves for the color on both fides,
but larger, and much broader than thofe of the Com-
mon Horehound, and a little dented about the edges;
the joints of the Stalks are fet with fuch like Leaves’
but fomewhat lelfer than thofe below, two at each
Joint, encompalfing the Stalk; the Flowers grow at
the Joints alfo in Wharls, which encompals the Stalk
likewife about with Flowers of a purplifh color to-
wards the tops of the Stalks, which are greater than
thofe of the Common Horehounds , as indeed all the
relt of the Plant is , and which has a much ftronger
fmell than the others have; the Flowers being pall
away, the Seed follows at the bottoms of the Husks,
which is round, and of a blackilh color.

V. The third, or Marlh Wild Horehound. It has
a Root which is fomewhat long and thick , jointed at
feveral J paces , with fibres at them, which fends up
Square, round , and hairy Stalk or Stalks, about two
feet high, with twp fomewhat long and narrow dark
green Leaves, but grey underneath, and pointed at
the ends, dented about the edges with round dents,
like to Betony , fet at every Joint, and .having fome-
what a ftrong unfavory fmell ; at the upper Joints
with the Leaves come forth feveral pale reddifh
Flowers, fet in ranks, like unto Betony, after which
comes fmall, roundHh, blackilh, or brown Seed.

VI. The Places. The firft grows plentifully in
Italy, in the Fields about Rome, as Matthiolus and
Conor Hurantcs fay, and alfo in Germany , as others
affirm, with us it grows only in Gardens; the fecond
is a native of Germany, as Camcrnnus , Lonicerus ,
Tba/ittt and Gefner fet down ; it is alfo a native of
England, and has been found growing wild in Ox-
fordshire, in the Field adjoining to Whitney Park,
about a Mile from the Town ; the third grows in
plafhy places in low Grounds in feveral Countries,
and in divers places in England.

VII. The Times. They all of them flower in the
Month of July , from the beginning to the end, and
the Seed is ripe in Augufl, or not many Weeks after
the flowering.

VIII. The Qualifies. The two firft are hot and dry
in the third degree, a little bitter, opening, digefting,
and cleaniing, PeHoral, Hepatick, Spleaetick, Hyfte-
rick, Sudorifick, Emmenagogick, Alexipharmick, and
Analeptick.

IX. The Specification , Preparations , and Virtues,
are the fame with thofe of the White Horehound in
Chap. 374. Sell. 12. ad 28. aforegoing, lo that no
more need be faid thereof.

X. Kota. But thefe things in particular has been
obferved of thefe Wild Kinds, that their Juice, Ef-
fence, DecoQion, Wine or Tinfture, have been pow-
erful in provoking Womens Courfes, and to expel
both Birth and Afterbirth, for which reafon they are
dangerous to be given to Women with Child, becaufe
they are apt to caufe Abortion, or Mifcarriage ; they
alfo provoke Urine being flopped, given inwardly.

and the parts alio being fomented with the Decofti-
on in Water, ancl the Patient fitting over the warm
fumes of the fame,

XI. The third, or Marlh Wild Horehound, is a
lingular good Wound Herb, ferving both to heal
green Wounds, running Sores, and old filthy Ulcers,
the Juice, Effence, Decoction, or Wine thereof being
given inwardly, and an Oil, Ointment, Balfam, Ca-
taplafm , or Pouder thereof being alfo outwardly
applied.

CHAP. CCCLXXVIII,

O/HORSEFOOT,

0 R,

COLTSFOOT Strange.

I- ' | ' H E Karnes , It is called in Greek K tut}M, ^
Asoii77«h Diofcoridis, lavor Galemi, in Latine
Cacalia, and Cacanttm, (not Cancanum, as fome write
it) in Englijh Horfefoot, and Strange Coltsfoot.

II. The Kinds. Authors make three Species
hereof, viz. 1. Cacalia incana folio rot undo. Hoary
Horfefoot. 2. Cacalia folio glabro acuminato, Tuffi-
lago Alpina vcl Montana Dalcchampij, Smooth Leav’d
Iharp pointed Horfefoot. 3. Cacalia Americana, vel
Virginiana, Horfefoot of Virginia.

III. The Defcriptions. T hefirji, or Hoary Horfei
foot, ha* a long white Root , divided into many heads,
with many long Strings and fibres thereat, of a glu-
tinous or clammy tajie, like unto Gum Tragacanrh,
cnc reefing thereby very much ; from thefe Heads Ihoot
up ftriped reddifh Stalks , with large round Leaves
on them, larger and thicker than Coltsfoot, 3nd more
woolly alfo on the upper fide, yec with a greennefs
to be feen in them , but very woolly and white un-
derneath, with fome Ribs and Veins in them, of a
little bitterifh unpleafant rafte; from among thefe
Leaves rife up ftriped, woSlly, and reddifh -Stalks,
two or three Feet high, haying feveral lelfer Leaves
on them, and all of them dented about the edges,
branching forth at the top into feveral Imali Sprigs
of pale purplifh Flowers, made of four finall Leaves
apiece, with fome Threads in the middle, which af-
ter they have been a while blown do turn into Down,
which is carried away with the Wind : Da/echampi-
11s lays, that in the middle of the Flowers are found
hanging down fmall white Grains like Pearls, to
make it anfwer Pliny s Defcription.

IV. The fecond, or Smooch Horfefoot, hat a Root
like the former, and hilt Leaves as large, but thicker ,
harder, fmoother, mi greener, not hoary or woolly
at all, but dented or waved about the edges, and
pointed alfo with the roundiiefs , but not open at
the Stalks, as the other is, the Stalks are in like
manner ftriped, but fmooth , bearing the like Flow-
ers at the tops, but fomewhat paler.

V. The third, or Horfefoot of Virginia, has a Root
confifitng of a bufh of blackilh f ibres or ' Threads ,
which abides the extremity of Winter, the Stalks and
Leaves both perijhing yearly, but growing brawnijh
towards the end it riles up with many round Stalks,
about a yard high , and two fomewhat round, but
pointed Leaves , a little dented about the edges , at
each joint of them, the upper Leaves being fmaller,
and little or nothing dented j at the tops of the
Stalks come forth feveral Branches, with pure white

Z z z 2 Flowers*

54°

Salmon f ‘Herbal. Lib. I.

Flowers, divers fmall ones growing almod together,
and confiding of five Leaves apiece, ea:h Flower ri-
ling out of a fmall Husk, which beng patt fmall
Seed follows, each (licking to a little Down, which
are carried away together with the W nd •, this riant
has no fmeU neither in its Root, Lear, nor Flower,
tho’ Cornutus feems to affirm it.

Horse foot

Smooth-

VI. She Vinces. The firft and fecond Kinds grow
in the V allies of Mountains, by Baths, and places
abounding with moifture, in many Countries ot Eu-
rope but very rarely in England, unlefs planted in
Gardens- the third grows in America , as in Canada,
Virginia Acm-England, Maryland, and Carolina,
in which tall place I have found much of it

VH The Times. They all Flower and heed in
the Summer Months, much about the time (as Au-
thors fu'ppofe) when Coltsfoot Flowers and Seeds.

VIII The Qualities, Specification, Preparations,
and Virtues, are the fame with Coltsfoot aforegoing
to which you are referred 5 l have had experience of
that which grows in America, and I found it to have
the lame Qualities and Virtues with our hnghjh
Coltsfoot, and to be fully as efteftual.

IX. Kota. 1. Authors fay, rhat the Root deep-
ed in Wine and eaten prevails againll Coughs and
Hoarfeneis, (for that it is a Plant without any iharp-
nefs) and the lame things Galen aifirms of his V ma-
nual ■, the Root moderately dries , is without any
biting quality, and is ‘of a grofs and empladick lub-
dance, being beaten raw, and applied as a Cata-
plafm to the Gout, it eafes the pain thereof, ltops
the afflux of Humors, and lfrengthens the parts: Gc-
rard lavs, that if you chew the Root and iwallow
down the juice, it is no fefs available than the Juice
of Liquorice in all the Cafes to which that Roor and
Juice is ordinarily applied.

X. Kota. 1. Diofcorides fays, that the Pearl like
Grains which are found in his Cacalia being made
into a Pouder, and mixed with fome proper Oint-
ment or Cerate, will make the Skin lmooth, and as
p liny fays, will day the falling of the Hair.

CHAP. CCCLXXIX.

0/HORSETAIL Meadow,

0 R,

SHAVEGRASS.

I .'-T'HE Karnes. It is called in Arahick Dhen-
1 ben A/cail, Themb Alchi, and Dhaneb Alcuti,
in Grech 'Iwxeift ty’Iirwetft in Ratine Hippio is , E-
quifetum , Canda Equina , Equinalis^ (from the form
of a Horfe Tail) and by Pliny Equ ifetis, by lome Sj-
lix Equina , and Sanguinalis , from irs effects ot Hop-
ping of Bloody in Englijh Her Jet ail.

II. The Kinds. Authors have made feveral forts
hereof and very much multiplied the Species , we
(hall in this Work divide them into three principal
Kinds, and under each give you the chief of thole
forts which are ufeful in Phyfick , and commonly
grow with us in England-, you fliall have then, i.
Equifetum PaluRre , Marlh or Water Horfetail , of
which in this Chapter. 2. Equifetum Pratenje
Meadow Horfetail, of which in Chap. 380. 3- t-
quifetum Nudum , Naked Horfetail , of which m
Chap. 381. following.

greater

tflarsh

Hor/stai!

III. The Kinds of the Marjh or Water Horfetail.
It is fivefold, viz. r. Equifetum majrn Pa/ujtre Lo-
belij Hippuris mayor Dodonxi , which Anguilara
thought to be Caucon P/inij , The Greater Marlh
Horfetail. 2. Equifetum Pa/ujlre Linarix Scoparix
folio. Broad Leav’d Marlh Horfetail. 3. Equifetum
Pa/uftre minus , Equifetum Palufire Lobelij , The Lel-
fer Marlh Horfetail. 4- Equifetum Paluflre all e-
rum, Equifetum alterum brevioribus folijs, Canda
Equina f cemina Gerardi, which is taken by niany to
be the Polygonum Ecemina Diqfcoridis , and Polygonum

tprt 1 uni

Chap. 379. Unglijh Herbs. 5^

ten item Plinij (from the many joints it has) of Mat-
tbiolus , Gcfner , and others , Polygonum Fcemina Se-
vune Vidua Lobelij , Sanguinalis f'temina Cordi , Bar-
ren Marih Horfetail, Marfh Horfetail with (horter
Leaves. 7 . Equifetum minus tenuifolium , which is
the fmalleft and fineft Leav’d Horfetail , and is .very
like to Equifctuth temiffimis & tongiffimis Folijs Bcut-
hini. 6. Equifetum Fcetidum, Stinking Horfetail.

IV. The Defcriptions. T befirjt, or Greater Marfh
Horfetail. It has a pretty thick Root , which creeps
under Ground, having Joints at fever al places, and
Fibres f fringing therefrom -, at its firft fpringing up
it has Heads, fomething like to thofe of Afparagus,
which afterwards grow to be hard, rough, hollow
Stalks, jointed at feveral places up to the top, grow-
ing to be a foot high , fo made as if the lower part
were put into the upper, at which grow on each fide
a bufh of final!, long, hard, Rufh-like Leaves, each
part refembling a Horfe Tail, (from which it came
to be fo called , (as is abpve hinted) at the tops of
the Stalks come forth fmall Catkins, like to thofe
of Trees.

V. The fecond, or Broad Leav’d Marfh Horfetail,
has a Root which is creeping , and jointed , like the
former -, the Stalks are about a Foot and half high,
hollow, and jointed in the fame manner, fet with
Leaves after the fame fafhion , but that they arc
broader than thofe of Toad-Flax , green, rough, long,
and ea fie to break ^ what Julie or Catkin it bears has
not been obferved.

VI. The third , or Leffer Marfh Horfetail. It has
a very long Root , according to the depth of the Water ,
£rofs,. thick, and jointed, with fome few Fibres or
Threads adjoining thereto-, from the heads of this
Roo't rife up great, thick, jointed Stalks, on which
grow long, rough, Rufhy Leaves, Pyramid or Stee-
ple fafhion * the whole riant is alfo rough , hard ,

£tS r i :ub» flwveor fmootH wooden things, as
fome of the odiets; it differs not much in the nun-
net of growing front the former, the chiefeft differ-

ffles ‘r “f131 ,t.,is,rmaI,,sri the Leaves or Bri-
lfles (as fome call them) which are fet at the Joints
are fewer and fhorter. J >

VII. The fourth , or Barren Marfh Horfetail It
has,! long Root, like that of Couch, or Quitch-Grafs
tZl ’ os from a kind of Joints, Ene forth ma-
ny bibtesor Threads ; and from which Hoot at cer-
tain diftances rife up feveral hollow Stalks, which
at feveral fpaces are fet with fmall Leaves in rundles
like to thofe of Poodroof altogether barren of Flow-

ers and Seed, for which reafon Lobe l called it: Polv-
gonum Fcemina Semine Vidua-, but Johnfcn favs that
it is lometimes found with ten or more Seeds at each
Jp11.1^ for winch reafon Bauhine called it Epiifctum

P'E FoMt‘™°n; this Offers
little from the laft , favmg that it is often found to
bear no Seed, as the others do.

VIH. Tit-yf/I/;, or Smalleft and fineft Leav’d
Horfetail. It has a kind of jointed and Brats Rot
from whence nfes up one pretty thick Stalk and v-yy
full of Joints , fpreadmg it felf out into many long

Branches,- and making of the whole a kind of Bu(K
every of which Branches arc repleat with very fmall
and fine Leaves, and growing much after the fame
manner as the others do.

IX. Jbe jixtb, or Stinking Horfetail: It has a

long jointed Root, fet with Fibres , and the Stalk grows
to be many limes about a yard long , growing f emetines
wholly under ll a/er , and fometimes both in and out

the I Voter ■ the Stalks are repleniihed with feve-
ral branches, but ftriped athwart, and fet with fhorc
Leaves at every joint, as in tiie other Horfetdils but
they are fomewhat jagged or divided towards the
tops, and at the joints under Water come forth fe-
Vlr-1 ?ibres or threads ; the Plant is green
whilft it is m the Water, but taken forth and dried
K becomes grey and brittle, eafily to be rubbed into
pouder with ones Fingers, and falling alfo into pou-
der or its felf by lying; it fmells fomewhat like to
Brtmftone , whence came the Epithet fcetidum.

X. The Places. They all grow in wet and moift
places, and fome of them in Handing Waters in
many parts of this Kingdom ; the firlt and fecond in
moiit or wet Grounds, the third and fourth in Hand-
ing Waters, the fifth in low wet Grounds in Woods
as near Highgate , not tar from London , &c. the fix tb
Gerard fays may be found towards the latter end of
the Year in feveral Ditches on the back fide of South-
Mark, near St. Georges Fields, covered over with
Water, as alfo in the (landing Waters of St. James' 3
Park*, and this is that which is taken to be Bauhi-
nus's Equifetum fcetidum fub Aqua repens.

, , XT Tbe Times. They fpring up with their
blackfill heads m April, their blooming Carkinsap-
pear in July , and their Seeding time is tor the mod
part in Augijt , after which they perifh and fall to
the Earth, fpringing up afrefh again the next
Spring.

XU. The Qualities. It is temperate in refpefl to
heat or erfdnefs, and drv in the third degree it has
fome jbitternefs, and mightily dries without biting;
it is hfttmgent; Diuretick , and Traum stick Nc-
phritr'K, Arthritick, and Pectoral.

XIII. The Specification. It Hops all forts of Flux-
es, and fluxes of Blood, whether inward or outward;
heals bikers and Excoriations, and cures Catarrhs,
Coughs, and Colds^ and prevails again!! rhe Strait-
gury.

XIV. The Preparations. You may prepare there-
/rom , 1. A hi quid Juice. 2. An- Ejfcnce. 3. A

Decoffio/i

542

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

r 'eeelt,on in It iter- 4- AVeeeOm '"•Wine 5- A
p jHJ:r, 6. A DiJlilled Water. 7. A Sallet.

The Virtues.

XV The Liquid Juice. It is of 0 binding quail'
ty," and dries without (Iv.irpnefs, and is very powra
tul to flop bleeding in any part, inward or outward
being drank from one Ounce to two, or three, or
outwardly applied, if the bleeding is external.

XVI The Etlrn.r. It has all the former Virtues,

befides which it Hops all fluxes of Woman ^and^fo
foever fluxes of Seed in Man or V.oman, and alio

fritting, vomiting, or pifiing of Bloo i'lS j{
fo not only tire inward Excoriations and Ulcers o
the Guts 'Reins, Ureters, and Bladder, be. out
all other’ kinds of inveterate, moift, running and
toul Ulcers whether internal or external ; it is alio
extraordinary good Vulnerary, for it quickly and
etf.lv conglutinates the lips of Ample green Wounds
not liiffering them to come to digeftion K is an
excellent thing to cure Ruptures in Children, for by
infinuating it lldf into the Mafsof Blood and other
Juices it difrofes them for conglutination, and by
circulation the edges of the Penton-eumfe come con
folidated ; it is faid to cure Ruptures 111 elder Per
ions being ufed with a long contmuando, accord-
ing as the Habit of the Patient may be, the Difeafe
bring recent- being drunk to one, two, or three
oinces, mixed in a GUI's of White Pott Wi^ it
gives eafein the Strangury, Stone, and Gravel, opens
the oblfruflions of the Urinary parts, provoking the
Urine and expelling the tartarous Mucilage; it
ought ’in this Cafe to be given Morning, Noon, and
Night; it gives eafe in the Mick, and mixed with
Honey into aLohoch, it is efFeUual aplnft Co«g>f>
Colds, and Catarrhs; being externally riled warm
robot Pultules, red Wheals, inhumations of the
Skin, and other like Eruptions , it eafe the pain,
difculfes the tumor, and allavs the lnHamation.

XVII- The Dccollton in II dter. Outwardly uled
in Baths it abates the heat of inhumations, and being
fomented upon excoriations in the privy parts ot
Wan or Woman, or ufed as an InfeSton m a Go
norrhtea, it cleanfes, dries, and heals the fa •
XVIII. The Dccedi, n in Wine. It has all the
Virtues of the Liquid juice and Effence, but oug
to be ufed ill a larger Dole, as from two Ounces to
four or fix ; it (Lengthens the Stomach wonderful-
ly, and is good again!! Vomiting, joreneft of the
Ventricle, and other difaffeUions of the lame.

viv j ;r poii.'iii'. Given inwardly to one Dram
in any proper Vehicle, it has all the Virtues of the
Juice and Elfence, but operates not altogether fo ef-
leftually, nor fo freedily ; outwardly applied ^ to any
H emorrhage, it prelentjy flops it, it cleanfes, dries
up the humidity, and heals old Ulcers, and. caufes
the lips of green Wounds to confolidate, be.

XX. The DiJlilled Water. It has the fame \ li-

ven ■ but the Leaved and fmoother Kinds are rather
to be chofen for Medicinal ufes, and are molt com-
monly ufed in Phyfick.

chap. CCCLXXX.

Of HORSETAIL Meadow,

Meadow

0 R,

shavegkass.

THE Names. It is called in Greek 'hrmthur
WSA'l’J-t in Latine Equifetum Pratenfc , and. in
Emlilh Meadow Horfetail, or Meadow Shavegrajs.

fl The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. 1. Equifetum
Pratenje majus , Equifetum alter urn Matthioh Lug-
dunenjis , alwrumque , Hifpuns altera Tragi , Hippu-
ris Von, alia Label, j, Equifetum. Prat: ^Jf’thngf-
fimis Bauhini, The Greater Meadow Horfetail 2.
Equifetum Pratenje minus , The Leffer Meadow
Horfetail.

much init rior to them, yet it is \ery go ; .. , n^i-nnr /tihmmnp to it. from which

much interior to them, yet it is .—j a-
foul Ulcers with to cleanfe them, and to be uled as
a Vehicle for the other Preparations, asalfo tomake
an Eye Water with , and InjeUions for the Yard,
Womb, l'iltula’s, (uc. . , ' ,

XXI. The Sallet. It is made of the young uuds
or heads a while after they are fprung out or the
Ground, you are to boil. them as Afparagus 'and to
drefsthem up in like manner, or being firlt boiled,
they may then be ltrewed with flower, then frved,

'"xSll Kota. Many Country Women make ufe
of the rough forts of Horfetail for to rub and fcower
their Pewter and wooden Veffels, and fometimes to

QOW nOH.eUilL,- liu* . 1 ■ V , . .

, Come iew fibre sjr firings- adjoin mg to it, from which
rifes up a rough -chamfered Stalk, jointed at certain
fpaces, having at each joint two bufhes of rough
briftly Leaves, iet one againft another j in the form
and manner of growing it differs but little from fome
of the former, fave that it grows greater, and bufliy,
with more ffore and longer Leaves than any at the
joints, each Leaf for the molt part being jointed alfo
with little, but fcarcely difcernable joints.

IV. T he fecond, or Lelfer Meadow Horfetail, bat
a Root not much unlike to the Greater Marfh Horfetail,
with Several Fibres or Strings adjoining to it, creep-
ing under Ground , with joints as it .were ■, from

i • 1 T> n rl Cr-Tltr VlPaHc 1 I 'll!

polifh^w^fmoo^f^S^ which'dre” rough'and^n^ which Root firft frring up fcaly heads, hi thofe

Chap. 381. Tinglijh Herbs . 5^3

of Broom Rape, or rather Afparagus heads, which
afterwards grow up to be hollow, rough, jointed
Stalks, eight or ten Inches high, thefe Stalks are
jointed up to the top, and at thofe joints come forth
as it were a bulh of fmall, long, hard Leaves, much
longer and more in number than thofe of the Greater
Marjh Horfetail aforenamed, with Catkins not much
differing therefrom.

Lugdunenfis, Surtgumalis jasmine Jimilis C ordi *lv_
five Equifetum F ilijt Knium non ra-
mojum five Juncemn Bauhini, Equifetum Kudu in
Naked Horietail. 2. Equifetum Junceum roots finsr
Equifetum JVlatthioh iff Hugduncnfs^ Hippy: is ivi-
nor Lobeiij (S Dodoma, Branched Horfetail and
Branched Naked Horietail. Equifetum A udunt
minus vanegatum Bauhini, Small Naked Horietail
variegated or party color ;d.

H#£ccl:I/orSfaJ ,

IT (df ie ^tctilJiSbbow

V. T be Places. They both grow in Meadows
near Hedges, and Groves, and by Wood fides in
moift Grounds, in many places of this Land; they
are alfo oftentimes to be found in dry Lands, and by
the borders of Land Ground where it adjoins’ to Fen-
ny Ground.

VI. The Times. Their Heads fpring up early in
the Spring, and grow up in the Summer Months
the Catkins blooming in July , and Seeding for the
moll part in Auguli.

VII. The Vitalities, Specification, Preparations
and Virtues, are the fame with thofe in Chap 01 q
lalt aforegoing, fo that we lhall fay no more of them
in this place.

CHAP. CCCLXXXI.

Of HORSETAIL Naked,

0 R,

Naked SHAVEGRASS.

f I ''HE flames. It is called in Greek 'I?TTfc.';

r j Latine Hippuris Nuda , Equifetum

Nudum , and in Englijh Naked Horfetail , or Naked
Shavegrafs.

II. The Kinds. There are three Kinds hereof,
•912. 1. Hippuris Tragi , Equifetum Junceum Tragi ,

IH. The Defcriptions. The firfi, or Naked Horfe-
tau, has a Root which is jointed, and creeps like
the others, from whence rife up many freight naked
folks, jointed, but without any Leaves at the joints-
lometimes the Stalks are fingle, and fometimes with
one or two other like Stalks fpringing out of their
lides, which are likewife jointed, naked, and grow-
mg ftrarght upright; thefe Stalks are of a rough and
Eujh like lublrance, growing to be a Foot or more
high, fometimes to two or three Feer high, accord-
ing to the goodnefs of the Ground ; by its nakednefs
of Leaves it is known from all the other Kinds of
Horfetail, and is more ufed by feveral Workmen to
fmooth and polilh their Works of Wood, Bone, Var-
nilh, and Japan, than any of the others.

IV. Thefecond, or Branched Rulh Horfetail has
Roots hke the former, and differs only from it in its
growing with many Stalks from the top of one that
fell nfes out of the Ground, and that many of thofe
Stall.,, do branch themfelves forth into others all of
them full of joints, and without Leaves, fo that the
whole feems to be a kind of Bulh.

V. The third, or Small Naked Horfetail variega-
te1: , r • a blackijh, creeping R: ct, from
which fpring up feveral fmall, hollow, pale green
Stalks , of a Foot high , and fometimes not fo much,
“ °J joints, the lower joints of which are
blackilh , and the upper whitilh , without Leaves
(which is probable to be the fame which Johnfon on
Gerard lays he found with fmall Leaves, and called
Horfetail Coralline, tho’ this may fometimes feem to
differ both from his and that of Gefncr) at the tops

whereof

H

544

Salmon’.? Herbal.

Lib. 1.

whereof ltand fmull red Heads, refembling a toll
Catkin, the Crown ot which, being white, has eight
or ten very Jrnall (harp pointed Leaves under it,
which being trodden on will crack and make a nolle.

VI. The Places. They grow in moilt Grounds,
in the furrows and borders ol Corn Lands, near
Ditch Tides in Woods, and in the Penns, m leveral
places of England, Holland , and Handers.

VII. The Times. They come out of the Ground

early in the Spring Time, and flounlh all the Sum-
mer Months to Autumn. ■ . „

VUl The Qualities-, Specification -; fireffatms
and Virtues of thefe are the fame with thofe ot the
Maijh Kinds Treated of' in Chap. 57?. aforegoing,
to which you are relerredi. ' n.

IX. Not a. The Fonder. It is one of the molt
powerful driers that is, and being ftrewed upon old,

moift, and running Sores and Ulcers., it prelently

dries them up and heals them.

c H A P. • CCCLXXXII.

Of HORSETONGUE,

0 R,

doubletoncue.

H E Names. It is called in Greek ’Iraj-www,
I .j,,.! vneyrexsaoVt in Latina HippPglbffuiu, 1. e.
Lingua Equina, Lingua magna , alfo Hypoglojfum 1,

- ii e. Biflingua , Tongue upon Tongue; I dtonola
Apu/eij , Lwgud. P agana aliorum, Bonijacia Angui-
lar.c, Uvularia Brunfetfij , Unieeri, Tabernamnta-
ni , aliorhmque ; in Engltfh Horjetongtie , and Double-
tongue alfo dengue upon Tongue. ...

il. The Kinds. Authors make but two Kinds
hereof, viz. 1 . Hippoglojfum , Hypoglojfum v Bijhngua ,
Can la Equina minor , The Letfer Horfetongue , or
Doubletongue. 2. Hippoglofium, Bijhngua major.
The Greater Horfetongue, (ye.

Horse Hfon^uo small

a facet and pleafant Smell, which conjifis oj mam
long, hard, whitijh firings, growing jrom a Head .-
The Plant is very like unto the Chamadaphne vena
Diofcoridis for the manner of its growing, tor this
from the head .of the Root aforementioned Ihoors
forth feveral hard Stalks, with Leaves on them, one
above another, as that Plant does , and much about
the fame length 5 the Leaves ate long, narrow at the
lower part next the Stalk, broad ill the middle, like
a Belly, and very lharp pointed,- having Ribs run-
ning thro’ their whole length, fometimes three or
lour and fometimes five Ribs; upon each Leal
grows another .fmaller Leaf or Tongue, which grows
out of the greater Leaf from the middle Rib, on the
upper fide andnbout the middle of the Leal, which
makes it to differ from all other Plants which grow
upon the Earth, Horn which double Leal came the
Name of Double tongue-, under the imaller Leaf, at
the bottom where it joins unto the- greater , comes
forth one fmitt, whitilh, green Rower, and fome-
times two. Handing upon lhort footftalks, where af-
terwards Hand the Berries, which when they are
ripe are very red, very like unto the Tew Tree Ber-
ries, and in which is contained a white hard Seed.

Greater.

The firft, or Lefler Horfe-
is white and tough, and of

IV. The Second, cr Greater Horfetongue. Jt is in
all ref pells very like to- the former, faving that the
Stalks are fomewhat higher, the Leaves longer, and
having longer Tongues upon them than the former ;
but this fays Tables Columna is much more rare to
find.

V. The Places, They. both, grow upon Hills and

in Woods in feveral places of Italy and Germany, the
firft more common to be met withal, and with us is
only nurs’d up in Gardens. ,

VI. The Times. They flCwur in fine in die- na-

tural places where they grow, viz. in warm Cbun-
tsies , and the Berries are ripe in September , or fall
of the Leaf . , 1 ■ ; |

VII. The Qualities. Horfetongue is hot and dry
in the fecond degree, it is Aperitive, Hyfterick, Em- '

trienagogick, and Traumatick.

VIII. The Specification, it. is :an abfolute thing
againft the fuffocation ol the Womb, .provokes, the

0 Terms,

Chap. 382. 'Englifb 'Herbs.

545

Terms, caufes a fpeedy delivery to Women in Labor,
drives forth the Afterbirth, helps the Strangury, and
expels Stones, Sand, Gravel, and Tartarous Matter
out of the Reins and Bladder, and opens all obftru-
ftions of the Vifcera.

IX. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
I. A Liquid Juice. 2. AnEJJence. 5. A Decocti-
on in Wine. 4. A Ponder of Leaves or Roots. 5.
An Acid Tincture. 6. A Spirituous Tincture. 7.
An Oily Tincture.

The Virtues.

X. The Liquid Juice. It is one of the moft pow-
erful things againft Hyfterick Fits, or the fuffocation
of the Womb, and other Difeafes of that Bowel, it
fupprelTes Vapors, repretfes the Fits, and gives hid-
den eafe 5 it provokes Urine, opens the obltmUions
of the Reins, Ureters , and Bladders , gives eafe in
the Stranguty, provokes the Terms, facilitates the
delivery of Women in I^bor, and forces away the
Afterbirth. Dofe |Wo or three Spoonfuls at a time
in a Glafs of Wine, or other tit Vehicle, in the
Morning fading, and lalt at Night going to Bed;
as alfo at the time of a Paroxifm, or when the Pati-
ent is in extremity.

XI. The EJfence. It has all the former Virtues of
the Liquid Juice, and is very good to expel the
Stone, Gravel, Sand, or Tartarous Mucilage, out of
the Urinary parts, being given two or three Spoon-
fuls at a time in any proper Vehicle for leveral days
together ; it is Laid alfo to be good for fuch as have
a Rupture, for which Difeafe it is thought that
there is no better Remedy, for that by the continu-
ance of its ufe it will knit and heal the part, provi-
ded alfo that the Patient be accommodated with a
convenient Trufs for a good while after as well as
during the whole time of the Cure.

XII. The Decolhon in Wine. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Juice and Elfence, but much Ids power-
ful in its operation or effefls, for which reafon it is
the oftner to be given, and that from four to fix
Ounces at a time it is good for fuch as have an im-
perfection in their Speech, it not being natural, or
frbm the conformation of the parts ; it is profitable
alfo againft Sores and Ulcers in the Mouth and
Throat, and fo ftrengthens the Uvula, as to confirm
and fix it in its natural ttate, drying up the humidi-
ties, which many times relax it, and hurt its Tone.

XIII. The Ponder of the Leaves or Roots. It has
all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice, Elfence, and
DecoEtion, and may be given from a Dram to two
Drams, repeating a Dram at a time till three or
four Drams are giveh , if need fo require , being gi-
ven to a Woman in Labor ; it may be given in Ca-
nary, Malaga , or Tent, or any other proper Wine
or Vehicle, as the Phyfician (hall think moft fit, 0V.
it cures old and filthy Ulcers in any part of the
Body.

XIV. The Acid TinUure. It opens obftruftions
powerfully, fupprelTes Vapors, cures Fits of the Mo-
ther, and is one of the belt things in the World to
cure the Rickets in Children , kill Worms in their
Stomach and Bowels, caufe in them a good Appe-
tite, and reftore them in Confumptions. Dole fo
many drops (in any Ale, Beer, or Wine) as to make
it pleafantly and gratefully (harp.

XV. The Spirituous Tincture. It has the Virtues
of the Juice, Elfence, and Pouder, but is much more
Cordial and refrelhing; it is good againft Convulfi-
ons, Palfies, Fainting and Swooning Fits, ftrength-
ens the Stomach, eales pains and gripings in the
Bowels, as alfo after pains of Women in Childbed ,
and is a good thing to be given with a corttinuando
to Childbed Women, to caufe a compleat cleanfing,

and to reftore the Tone of the Womb. Dofe from
one Dram to two, or three, Morning and Night in
any proper Vehicle ; it may alfo be given at any
other time upon an exigency, Or in any extremity
of pain, or fainting.

XV]. 1 he Oily Tincture. This is a powerful
thing againft the Colick, or any oppreffion of Wind
in any ot the Bowels, It opens powerfully the Urina-
ry paffages, and gives eafe in the Strangury, Stone,
or fuppreilion of Urine by reafon of Gravel, or any
Tartarous Matter lodged in any of the Urumy parts ;
it is an excellent thing alfo againft the Palfie, being
inwardly given, and alfo outwardly anointed along
upon the Spina Dorji , and the parts affected with the
(ante; outwardly anointed with in any Ach or Pain,

1 0 Jvha t part ol the^Body foever, as alio upon parts
aftected with the Gout from a cold caufe, it gives
eafe and relief. Dole from ten drops ro thirty
drops, firft dropt into Sugar, and then mixt with
any fit Vehicle for the purpol'e you intend it; it
may be given Morning and Night fo long as need
requires.

CHAP. CCCLXXXIII.

Of HOUND" STONGUEj

OR,

DOGSTONGUE.

L H ' D E . flames. It is called in Greek rcA.yiee-
, -*■ mv* A ricclyiueme, jn Pet me CynogloJfujn , and
Lyttog/ojfos, fee. Cimina Lingua, a 't'o/ijs Vaninant
Lingttam imitantibtis, in Eng/ith Eloundgonguc, and
DogJIcttgue ; but Gerard lavs it is rather to be cal-
led Houtids-Pifs, becaufe there is nothing in the
World which fmells fo like to Dogs Pits as the
Leaves of this Plant.

II. The

Hounsionc/ue nr^f/otvers

III. The Defcriptions. T he fir?, or Common
Houndltongue. It b.u a black thick, and long Root,
Which is tough, or ditto, t/t to break, and Ml of a
vifeatt s or clammy juice , fmeHing of a Jlrong til /cent
much like to Dogs Pifs, as the Leaves alfo do, which
feme call a foporiferous ftnell ; from this Root fprmg
up many long and fomething narrow , tort, ana as
it were hairy, dafkilh green Leaves, lying on the
Ground, fomewhat like unto the Leaves ot Bttglojs,
hut not altogether fo harfh in feeling to, from among
which riles up a rough hairy Stalk, about two Feet
hh'h with forre fmaller Leaves thereon than thole
which grow below, and branched at the top into fe-
veral parts with a fmall Leaf at the foot of every
Branch, which is fomething long, with many Flow-
ers fet along thole Branches, which are crooked, or

V. The third, or Great Mountain Houndltongue.
The Root is blackith on the outfide, and whitijh with-
in, being fomething like the former it has alfo
fpringlng from the Root many large, buf hairy and
fo ft Leaves, lying oil the Ground, above a root:
long, and an Hand breadth broad, of a wliitiih green
color, having in every one of them t.ie middle Rib
reddilh, with many green Veins running thro them,
and reddifh FootHalks to Main them, thole- which
are in the middle of them Handing more upright v
from among which rifes up a thick, hollow, crelted,
reddifh, woolly, or hairy Stalk, two reel or more
high, replenifhed on all Tides with Rich like Leaves,
but leffer and letter up to the top, where it fpreads-
it felf out into four or five branches of flowers,
Handing all on one fide, yet forming at fint a round
Head, very pleafant to behold for the variety of co-
lors therein, the hairy Halks of the flowers being
green, and ending in five points, the f lowers being
alfo hollow and long, and confifiing of five purpLi.li

Salmon3 s Herbal.

Lab, 1.

11. The Kinds. Authors muke many Kinds of
this Herb, but we (lull in this Difcourfe take notice
oflno more than the fix following Kinds, vie. t .
Cy miloffttm, Cmogloifum vmlgare , Cynoglojfuni mM
vulgarc, Cynogleffa vutgoris, Out Common Hounds-
tOiv’ue, and Common Great Houndltongue. -• )
myotUm maximum Lobclij , The Greatdt Iloun; .
tongue. 5. Cyttog/afJ'.tm maximum Mont mum, c>
nogloffi maxima Montana Rcgwnumjrtg, datum ha.
Column*, Cynogltfum Sylvattcum Utile ™b'nteBarm
him. Which he thinks to be the Iamb wtth the Cyno-,
„/„a on Sflvaticum Uarcymcm Ihaltj, .and the cy ,
ibalZm Montanm tifalpini, The Great Moun-
tain' Houndltongue. 4- Lynogloffum temper _
lia.thnu, Cynogleffa media holm v, rente Column*, Eta
green Houndltongue. y. C ynog/offum tmnrn Jive
rulMuo: Comgioijum puftUum Mmenje LcMij,
Sm'iil Houndltongue. o. Cynogloffttm minus Dote
e'rnMo. Cym-gioffa minor Cord,, Cynog ofum Metm
C, -reran f, Cynoebfftm puftlhm Rarbonenje Lugdu-
nt!fs 4-tyfl!icnf,s. Small Houndltongue with
b.eiv Flowers.

turn inwards, before it flowers, and gradually opens
as the Flowers blow, which Flowers coniflr of fear
fmall, purplifh, red Leaves, lomething of a hid or
dead color, fcarcely riling or (hewing themielves out
of the rough green Husks in which they ltjndpwith
feme Threads in their middle-, this Vkmt has iome-
times been found with a white Flower-, alter tire
Flowers are pail, Bat rough Seed conic m their pla-
ces which has a fmall Thrcad,er Ppimirn the
middle, and by reafon of its roughnefs eaftW cleaves
to any Garment which it touches, not being readily

P“lVd Thejeanl, or Create!): Houndltongue. This
differs no, either in ,1s Root, Stalk, Branches Leaves,
Flowers Seed Jiriell^ or manner of grtiwirtg? tiom the
firft Common Kind but now defatted, but only in
its magnitude, this being twice as large, which, is
’ indeed the only difference.

Chap. 383. TLngUJb Herbs.

547

red Leaves, fomewhat fweer, Handing above the
Husks and green Leaves which grow among them,
with ted Ribs in them, which in the (hadow, where
it delights to grow, is the more confpicuous and
beauriiul ; after which in the faid Husks come long-
er Seed than in the Common Kind , four ufually toge-
ther, which on the upper fide are flat, and circled
about with a few Ihort prickles, whereby it com-
monly cleaves faft to Peoples Garments if it touches
them.

VI. The fourth, br Ever green Houndlfongue. It
hat a Root which is thick , and blackijh on the out-
fide, like the others going before ; nor does it much
differ from the Common or Ordinary fort of Hounds-
tongue firit defcribed, but that the Leaves are always
ftefh and green, fomewhat long and narrow, with a
great whitifh green Rib in the middle, fmooth on
the upper fide, and more hoary underneath; the
Stalk at firft is but low, with many narrow long
Leaves compaffing it about, but more thinly than in
lbme other Kinds ; the Flowers ate red, but fome-
what larger than the Ordinary , Handing in like man-
ner upon fmall Branches, which are writhed or turn-
ed like the Heliotropium , or the firff Kind ; the Seed
which follows Hands all on the one fide, and is final
ler, and lels tough, but the Stalk will then be grown
much higher ; this has no manner of hoarinefs, nor
has it fo Hrong or rank a fmell as the former have ;
it does alfo fpring forth with frelh Leaves, before
the old Stalk with its Seed is quite dry and wither’d
away.

VII. The fifth , or Small Houndflongue. It has
a fmall black Root , not much differing from Our Com-
mon Kind, but it is every ways fmaller in all its par-
ticulars , having fuch like Leaves, but fmaller and
Ihorter , yet greener, and more lhining, the Flowers
being fmall, are alfo of a pale red color ; the whole
Plant has not fo Hrong or rank a fmell as have fome
of the former, but this fmallnefs may be thought by

fome to be from the barrennefs of the Soil in which
it grows, which is not fo, becaufe it is oftentimes
found in the fame Ground where the greater grows,
and befides, being either tranfplanted, or the Seed’
fown in Gardens, it will continue much fmaller than
the other.

VIII. The fixth, or Small Houndlfongue with
blew Flowers. It has a fmall long Root , bat annual ,
which fends forth one round, fmall, hairy Stalk, fome-
t totes but a Foot, and fometimes two Feet high, brown-
ijh below, and green above, on which are ler on both
fides without order feveral fmall, and fomerhing
long, but natfow Leaves, of a blewilh green colon
covered with a long hairy down , which is tough
and flicking, the middle Rib is fomew hat great and
eminent, and the whole Plant of a hot bitter tafle;
from the bottom of thefe Leaves, efpecially upwards,
come forth fometimes other fmaller Leaves in a
Tuft together, and is parted into divers Branches,
the tops of which are bended, as in feveral other
forts, bringing forth very fmall Flowers, of a fair
blew color, with a yellow Star in the bottom, Hand-
ing in fuch like Husks, in which after they are paft
is contained very fmall toundilh Seed , without any
prick in the middle, as fome others have, but very
rough or prickly, and ready to flick upon Garments
or Cloaths, as the others will.

IX. An Obfervation. There has been a great Con-
troverfie amongfl Botanifls whether the Cynoglofum
here firfl defcribed, which is our Ordinary and Com-
mon, and is the molt common in all Countries, be
the Cynogloffum verum Diofcoridis, becaufe he fays
it bears neither Stalk nor Flowers, which this does,
which Plant, wanting Stalks and Flowers, Mattbio-
Uts fays he found in fome landy Grounds in Rome
behind or beyond Mount Adrianas , but botli Rena
and Lobel tax him with want of knowledge, for fay
they it will in the fame and other places bear both
Stalk and Flowers, altho’ in divers Years and places
it does not bear, yet will after fome refpite of time
in any place, as not only they, but feveral other
good Authors have acknowledged, as well in this as
in other Plants; I confefs I my felf have oftentimes
found the firfl defcribed Plant, viz. Our Common
Houndflongue, in feveral parts of England without
either Flowers or Stalk, and that at the fame time,
and near the fame places, where other Plants of the
fame Species have had both, and therefore udthout
all doubt Our Common Kind is the true Plant which
Diofcoridis has defcribed under that Name fo defe-
clivdy.

X. The Tlacet. The firfl grows in moft places
of England, in wafte and unfilled Grounds, alfo by
high Ways, Lanes, and Hedge fides; the lecond
grows in the Low Countries, but chiefly in their
and our Gardens; the third grows on Mountains
near Naples , with us only as it is manured in Gar-
dens; the fourth in fhadowy Woods in Germany,
&c: the fifth grows in many places of England, as
alfo in Germany, difcourfed of by Cor dm upon Diof
corides, and poifibly is that fame Kind, which in the
Adverfaria is laid to grow about Mompelier, and
called Tuftllum Narbonenfe-, the fixth grows in Au-
flrta, as Clufim fays, and in other parts of Germa-
ny, as Tragus fays, and at Naples, as Columna fays,
alfo very plentifully in England \ by high Way fides,
as you go from London towards Colchefler, between
Efterford and Wittam in Effex, as Gerard fays.

XI. The Times. They all Flower about May and
June, and fome in July, if the Seafon and place be
cold, and the Seed is ripe not long after.

XII. The Qualities. Houndflongue is temperate
in refpefl to heat and cold , and dry in the firft de-

A a a a 2 gree,

5#

Salmon j Herbal. Lib. I.

eree Aftringent Anodyne, Emphraftive or Obftru-
ttive (and yet fome Authors will have it to have
an Emollient property) Traumatick oi Vulnerary,
Arthritick, Hylterick, and Alexipharmick. .

XIII. The Specification. It is prevalent againlt
Catarrhs, Coughs, AftKma’s, green Wounds, old
Ulcers, and Sores arifing trom the trench rox.

XIV. The Preparations. You may have there
ftom, I. T he green Leaves, a- The Root- %. A
Juice. 4. An Effencc. 5- A Decofhon in Wat, tr
or Wine. 6. APouder. 7. Pi*. 8. A Balfam.
<j. Anointment. 10. ACataplaJm. n. A Lotion.
1 2. A Viftilled. Water.

The Virtues.

XV. T he green Leaves. Bruifed and applied
they cure the tailing away of the Hair, which comes
of hot and iharp Humors, they are good alio to tie
applied to any place fealded , or burn d with Fire,
and laid to any green Wound they heal it quickly ;
the fame is profitable alfo againft Anthonies Fire,
and other Inhumations.

XVI. The Root. Being roafted under tmbeis,
wrapped up either in Palte, or double wet Papers,
and then a‘Suppofitory made thereof, and applied
to or put up the Fundament, it is effeftually good
againlt the Hemorrhoids, or Piles; and applied as
a Caraplafm to the Gout it cafes the fame.

XVII. The Juice oj Roots or Leaves. Made into
a Syrup with Honey it is good againft vehement Halt
Catarrhs, old Coughs, Colds, Althma s and all
(harp and thin defluxions of Rheum which tall up-
on the Eyes, Note, Ears, Stomach, or Lungs cau-
fing wheezing, fhortnefs of Breath he. Dofe one
or two Spoonfuls, (according to Age, Gel) Morn-

"VviIL The Effcnce. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice and more powerful, and miiy ibe given in the
feme Dofe in a Glafs of generous Wine; i t is good
alfo (inwardly taken and outwardly applied) againlt
the hi tings of mad Dogs.

XIX. The Ponder of Roots or Leaves. It has all
the Virtues of the Juice and FfTence, and may be gi-
ven trom a Scruple to a Dram, or Dram and halt,
in any convenient V ehicle; outwardly applied to
green Wounds it quickly heals them, and Iftewed
very thick upon old moift Sores and running Ulcers,
it admirably cleanfes them, dries up the flux of hu-
mors, and difpofes them to healing.

XX. The Dccottion in Wine or Water. It has all
the Virtues of the Juice, FfTence, and Pouder but
mult be given in larger quantities, as Irom an Ounce
to two three, or four, as the Patient is in Age and
Condition; it cleanfes, dries, and heals Wounds and
Ulcers; if the Patient is of a hot Conftitution, the
Decoction ought to be made in Water, after which,
(if you think fit) a little Wine may be added.

XXL Pilul-t de Cynogloffo , Pills of Houndttongue.
Take the dried bark of Houndflongue Roots , White
Henbane Seed , Opium prepared , (I. e. ex traded with
fair Water , and reduced to ponder) of each one Ounce
Hvrrh an Ounce and half O/ibanum ten Drams , Saf-
fron , Cajloreum , Storax Cal omit a , of each three
’ Drams ; Id the Roots of Hound (longue and Henbane
Seeds be pondered together , the Myrrh, Olibanum ,
and Saffron , each by themfelves , then mix altogether ,
and with Syrup oj Starlets, (or any other proper Sy-
rup) make a Maps for Pills. They were defigned
to ltop Catarrhs, or defluxions of Rheum upon the
Lungs, Stomach, or other parts, to alleviate Coughs,
cure Afthma’s and Pleurifies, which they perform
beyond other Medicines; they flop Loofneffes, all
forts of Fluxes of the Bowels, and fluxes of Blood
or Humors in what part of the Body foever ; they

cure the overflowing of the Terms in Women, as al-
fo fluxes of the Whites, and a Gonorrhoea in Men,

( Univerfals being premifed ) they give eafe in and
cure pains and Hitches of the Side, Pleurifies, the
Colick, and all manner of internal pains ; eafe and
cure the Toothach, and are one of the molt abfolute
things againlt the Gout in the World. Dofe from
fix Grains to fifteen Grains, every Night going to
Bed.

XXII. The Balfant. The green Leaves and Roots,
or Juice, made into a Balfam with Beef Suet and
Turpentine, and applied, is good againft an Alopecia ,
draws out the fire in any place which is turn’d, and
applied to the biting of a mad Dog, draws out the
poyfon, and heals it; it digefts and cleanfes old Ul-
cers, and is profitably applied to Venereal Sores, as
alfo the Gout in Hands or Feet.

XXIII. The Ointment. It has the Virtues of the
Balfam, but does not draw nor cleanfe fo powerful-
ly; it is excellent for fuch Ulcers as are old, and
deep, or fpread much in the Legs, or other parts of
the Body, and takes away the inhumation, which
may any ways by accident happen to them.

XXIV. The Cataplafm. Applied to the Piles,
whether broken or not, it gives eafe to the pain, and
in a fhort time difeuffes the Tumor; it eafes alfo
the Gout arifing from a hot caufe, and allays infla-
mations in what part of the Body foever.

XXV. The Lotion. It is the fame with the Sa-
line TinUure, and is of excellent ufe againft Scabs,
Scurf, Morphew, Dandtiff, Pimples, or other break-
ings out in the Head and other parts of the Body ;
it alfo takes away Tanning, Sunburning, Yellownefs,
black and blew fpots, and other difcolorings of the
Skin.

XXVI. The Dijiillei Water of Herb and Roots. It
is good for all the purpofes'aforefeid, to be ufed as
well inwardly to drink , as outwardly to vtafh any
fore place, lor it heals all manner of Wounds and
Punfilures, as alfo foul Ulcers arifing from the
Trench Pox.

CHAP. CCCLXXXIV.

0/HOUSLEEK,

O R,

SENGREEN.

I.'T' H E Names. It is called in Arabick Bcjaha-

1 lalem , and Hajalhalez, in Greek ’Asi (an, in
Latine Sedum , Sempervivum , and as Pliny fays,
Buphthalmon, Zoophthalmum , Steigethron , and Hy-
pogefon ; fome call it Oculus, and Digit elites-, and
Apuleitts calls it Vitalis , and Jovis Barba , but Sedum
and Sempervivum are the ufual Latine Names; in
Englijh Houjleek , and Sengreen, or Evergreen.

II. The Kinds. It is divided into three principal
forts viz. 1. ’Ael£»oi> 7d («}*, Aizoon magnum, or
majm, Sedum majm, The Great or Greater Houfleek.

Sedum minimum. The Smalleft Houileek. 3. Ai-
zoon, vel Sedum minus , The Smaller Houfleek,
which is Prickmadam, and Stonecrop, of which we
lhall Treat (God willing) hereafter in their proper
places.

III. The Kinds of the Greater Houjleek. There
are three forts hereof, viz. I. Sedum majus vulgarc,
Sempervivum TbeophrajU , Aizoon magnum, K-.mitlS r
altera Diofcondes, as Clufius has it , Sempervivum

mo] us, & m fits vulgarc , Umbilici Veneris Species
altera Angmlart, Our Common or Vulgar Houfleek.
2. Sedum majus legitimism Clufij , Aizoon magnum
veium Uifcoriik , Sempervivum majus , Sempervi-
vum Arborefcens Mattbioli, Sedum Arborefcens , Ai-
zoon Arborcfcens , The True Great Houfleek, or
Tree Houfleek. ?. Sedum majus Marinum Angli-
cism\ Sedum Port landicum Lobelij, Great Englifh Sea
Houfleek. This Lobe/ makes to be a fort or kind of
the fecond abovenamed, or Tree Houfeek.

IV. The Defcriptions. T he firft , or Our Com-
mon Houfleek, hue a fmall fibrous Root , creeping all
about , and from fmall firings multiplies into many
beads of Leaves , round the original Root , taking up
thereby a large compafs of Earth-, and as this Root
fends forth on all tides feveral heads of pale, green,
thick, fat, broad Leaves, pointed at the ends, lying
circlewiie one unto , and as it were upon another ,
and upon the Ground, from the middle of each
head of Leaves rifes up a flraight Stalk, two Feet
high, all covered with fmaller and longer green,
thick, fat Leaves, (than thofe below) which often
dry and fall away before .the top thereof has perfeft-
ed its Flowers, which grow on long Branches, bend-
ing their ends or tops downwards, with a (ingle Leaf
at the foot of every one of them , which confift of
many Leaves, Star fafhion, of a dark reddifh color,
after which come Heads , with fmall blackifh Seed
in them.

V. The fecond, or True Great Houfleek. It heu a
Root confifiing of firings, like the former, which di-
vides it felf into feveral off-fprings ; this Herb grows
great, to the form of a Shrub, or woody Plant, of
two or three Feet, or more high, in its native pla-
ces, which are warm, and its Stem or Trunk below
is of the bignefs of four Fingers, and the other
Branches are the thicknefs of ones Thumb, of a grey-
ifti color on the outfide, and fpotted as it were round
about, but they are the marks of the old Leaves
which are fallen, the like of which may be feen in
Wood. Spurge, and fome other Plants; it fpreads it
felf out into feveral limber fmaller Branches on all
lides, and Leaves at the ends of them, {landing in a

5± 9

I <c°rnPa^ o like the Heads of the former Common
noujlcck, but nothing fo clofe, everv Leaf being
formed fomewhat like a Tongue, lmall it the bottom,
and broader towards the end, where it is broadeft,
roundifh at each fide of the end, and a little dented
in about the middle of the faid end, hot much un-
like the form of a Heart, they are alfo finely dented
about tile edges, and as it were a little hollow, like
a bpoon, and full of juice, and of a pale green color;
rrom me tops of fome of the Branches thrufts forth a
long btalk, divided into many letter Branches or
Twigs, with fome few fmall Leaves on them, and
ra- e en^S °* feveral Star like Flowers, con-
hlting of many fmall Leaves, of a pale yellowifh
color, with fundry fmall Threads in their middles -
the greater Stalk becomes dry and ifnooth as the
Heads, which have fmall black Seed in them, which
bemg ripe they utterly perifft after Seed time, but
the other Heads of green Leaves abide frelh all the
rear, which fend forth Flowers the next Year after,
and may be taken before hand from the main Stock
to be planted, and will take root being p'ut into the
Ground- in the warmer Climates it fpreads it felf
much more into Branches than in thefe our colder
Countries.

VI. Gerard deferibes it thus. It rifes up with a
btalk a root and half , and fometimes three Feet
high, which is thick, hard, woody, and lo tough,
that it can hardly be broken , parted into divers
branches, and covered with a thick grofsBark,
which in the lower part refembles certain prints, or
nnpiefs d marks of the Leaves which are fallen away ;
the Leaves are fat, well bodied, full of juice, an
jn^ilong, and fomewhat more , almoft like little
Longues, very curioufly minced or nipt on the ed-
ges, ltanding upon the tops of the Branches, having
in them the lhape of an Eye ; the Flowers grow out
G i • ,e ~yancheS5 which are divided into many Sprigs,
which flowers are flender, yellow, and fpread like
a brar which being paft away, there comes up in
therr places very fine Seed, the Sprigs withering
away * the Root is parted into many off-fprings, and
the riant is always green, nor in its native Soil is it
huit by the cold of Winter, for which reafon it ob-
tained the Name of Sempervivum.

VII. The third, or Great Englifh Sea Houfleek.
a {onP flender Root, or Roots, zvitb fome feta

rib) es adjoining, jrom whence fpring up one or two ,
or more Heads , which at length become Leaves and
, r^e Leaves imitate Laurcola, growing among
the Tithymals, but thicker, fhorter, more fat, and
tender ■, the Stalk is of a woody fubftance, like Lau-
rf°’a-> participating of the Kinds of Sempervivum ,
LraJJu/a , and Tithymal, of which lalt fome Authors
have thought it to be a Kind* others have thought
it to be a Shrub, degenerating from all thofe Plants:
Lena and Lobe l, who firft difeovered it and let it
forth, knew not what to think of it ^ others fince
them have been as uncertain ; however, its fomething
like to our lecond Kind, or Tree Houfeek, above
deferibed, its Stem is woody, but it grows neither
fo high, nor with fo many Branches, the Leaves al-
fo, although fomething like to them, yet are not fo
thick or fappy , in its other parts it differs not much
from the faid Tree Houfeek.

VIII. rhe Places. The firft grows naturally both
in England and Germany, as alio in the Low Coun-
tries, E/ance, Lfc. it grows upon Stones or Moun-
tains, upon old Walls and ancient Buildings, as al-
fo upon the tops of Houfes, and more elpecially be-
ing planted in Clay , or in Clay Ground ; its form
does fometimes differ, according to the nature of
the Soil, for in fome places the Leaves are narrow-
er and letter, but more in number, and have one on-
ly circle; in fome places they are fewer, thicker,

and

and broader, they are green, and of a deeper : green
in iomc places than in others, in forae places
lighter green, fSc. the lecond grows in Greece, Ira-
fy Partner/, Spain, trance, I/lyna, Sclavonic i, Sici-
ly.; slrZa, Corfica, EngUndffc. in divers pUces
of /;,//>', Spain, and Fort usd, it is kept in Pots, as
Clitfius %s, and carefully preferred l in Winter an
in Lisbon ic grows on the tops of Houfes, a
lo„n:, on KM does with us, but it does not very wel
endure the cold of the more Northern Countries ot
Fureee with all the care that can be, unlefs kept in
a Room with a Stove in it, yet .Label fays ^he found
it growing in the Ifland ol Ho mes, near Bnflol; K
grows in the lflands of the ^edttenanean Sea as
aforenamed, as alfo in ^ Rhodes Cand a and
in many Provinces of the Eaft, and of G/eecc, t 7c.
the third grows by the Sea fide in many places of
EnsZt and in the Ifland of Holmes not far from
Bnllol- ’ it grows alfo in the Hie of Poitlmd, for
which reafon it has obtained the Name of Seism

P1x.”t he Times. The firft flowers in the Sum-
mer Solftice , which is in June , about the eleventh
d iv and generally Flowers from that time thro all
June and July, and now and then in the Month of
aLh; it fpreads it felf into Heads from feyera
Sprigs of the Root in April, which Sprigs or Strings
oFthe Root are the Ground Work of the great Cir-
cle, and of other Circles, by which it multiplies t
felf and by which, being at length fill S'0™;1,1
fpreads it lelf into many other Circles; the fecond
flowers, as Clu/ius fays, in the warmer Climes, , as
Spain, Portugal, 15 c. in A member and. December
hut fcarcely ever with us ; the third, or Sedum Port-
I anil cum, which grows by the Sea fide, Flowers m
juh and Augitft, whilft the Weather is warm.

X. The Qualities. Houjleek is cold in the third
degree, and drying in the firft, it is Anodyn, Altrm-
genr, Repercuflive, and Arthrmck.

XI The specification. It cures an Eryfipelas, or
Anthonies Fire, fo called, and allays the heat otall
Incarnations, Burnings, Scaldings, be.

XII The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
The green Leaves, a. A >'«; ?; -f

4. An Oil. 5. A Cataplajm. 6. A Dijhlled Water.

The Virtues.

XIII Toe green Leaves. Applied twice a day
upon Corns and Warts in the Hands and Feet it dtl-
folves or confumes them, and takes them away , the
Leaves btuiled and laid upon the Crown ot lore part
of the Head, Hops the bleeding atNofe vent quick-
ie ; and being applied to the Temples and Forehead
ft eafes the Heudacb, and allays the heat and diftem-
per of the Brain thro’ Fevers, Frenzies, or want of

S1XPlV The Liquid Juice. It is good againft all
heats and intonations, as well inward as outmard-,
dropped into the Ears ot Eyes, flops all hot defluxi
ons ot' (harp fait Rheum into thole parts, arid being
taken inwardly it is good to Hop all fluxes of humors
upon the Vifcera, and the immoderate flux ot the
Terms in Women; it kills alfo Worms in Young or
Old, and is- profitable againlt the biting of the Fha-
langium \ being often bathed upon Warts and Corns,
it is laid to taka them away, the more el penally it
the green Leaves be applied alfo over the fame; out-
wardly it abates and allays all forts of inflamations
in any part of the Body, as in an Eryfipelas, or A n-
ihonies Fire, and all other hot Eruptions ot the Hein
and Skin, Shingles , Pimples, Ringworms, Tettars,
Pulhes, Cankers, fretting Ulcers, Burning Scald-
ing Morphew, Scurf, and other the like detcedati-
ons of the Flelh and Skin; and bathed upon the part

warm it eafes the pain, and is very profitable againft

^ XV. The Pojjet. It is made with the Juice, and
has all the Virtues of the Juice, being inwardly gi-
ven ; it is alfo Angularly good againlt the hot Fits
of A’gues, fox it cools and attemperates the Blood,
and Spirits, quenches third, and Hops Catarrhs; it
may be given in a fourfold quantity to the Juice, foe
as the Juice may be given from a Spoonful to two
Spoonfuls in a Glafs of Wine, or other fit Vehicle,
fo the Toilet may be given from four Spoonfuls to
eight , a little fweetned with Sugar , for all the a-
forefaid Intentions. . . c

XVI. T he Oil. It is thus made, lake juice of
Houjleek , choice thick Cream, of each a Quart, hod
them aver a gentle fire till a Separation is made, and
the Oil faints on the top , of a yellow or greenijh co-
lor, which when cold take off, and keep it for life. In
all external Cafes, (excepting an Eryfipelas) it has
the Virtues of the Juice, and is good to anoint Pim-
ples, Shingles, Tettars, Ringworms, Scurf, Mor-
phew, &c. with, as alfo places pained with the
Gout} given inwardly from half an Ounce to an
Ounce in any convenient Vehicle it gives eafe in the
Strangury, Stone, Gravel, heat and Raiding of U-
rine, and cleanfes the Urinary palfages from tartar-
ous mucilage. . , „

XVII. The Cataplajm. Being made with Hogs
Lard and Barley Flower it is good againft all the
Difeafes the Liquid Juice is ufed againft, except an
Eryfipelas, becaufe experience has taught us that all
greafie ot oily bodies tather exalperate than abate
that Difeafe; applied in the Gout it gives fudden
eafe and cure

eaie anu. uuc. _ , , _

XVIII. The nijiil/ei Water. It is profitable for
all the purpofes aforefaid, being in outward Diltem-
pers bathed upon the parts affeSed, and in inward
Difeafes given from two to four Ounces, fweetned
with Syrup of Clovegilliflowers ; if it is bathed up-
on any place flung with Nettles or Bees it preiently
takes away the pain, fo alfo the Juice, being uled in
like manner, as alfo the green Leaves, being rubbed
upon the parts wounded or affected.

XIX. Kota. If the Cataplafm of the Leaves is
made with Vinegar and Barley Flower (inftead of
Hogs Lard) it may profitably be applied to an Eryfi-
pelas, or Anthonies Fite.

CHAP. CCCLXXXV.
O/HOUSLEEK Small.

I.'-p H E Karnes. It lias no Greek Name that
_L we know of, but it is called by Clufms in
Latine Sedum Alpinum ajugat folio, and in his Hi-
flory of Plants Sedum dectmum tertium, alfo Sedum
lacwiatis E blips, in Englijh Jagged Houjleek, Houjleek
with Jagged Leaves, and Small Mountain Houjleek
with jagged Leaves.

II. The Kinds. Authors make two Kinds hereof,
viz. Sedum Alpinum laciniatis ajugx f'olijs , Small
Mountain Houfleek with jagged Leaves, of which
in this Chapter. 2. Sedum Monfpeltenfe fS Pyre-
natum laciniatum, French jagged Mountain Houfleek,
the which not growing in England we lhall lay no-
thing of it in this Work.

III. The Defcription. It hat a fmall blackifh Root,
which fpreads much, from which Root it (hoots forth

Chap. 386. “Englijh “Herbs.

55 r

on all fides with many fmall heads of Leaves from
fmall Strings, as is ufual with the Hou flecks, each
Leaf whereof is long and narrow, cut in deeply in-
to three divifions, one on each fide, and the end
longed: , fomething like to the Leaves of the Sweet
Groundpine , but fmaller and greener, not having
any hoarinefs on them, aftringent and drying alfo in
tafte, as much as any of the others; the Stalks are
reddiih, very (lender, and not above two Inches high;
as Clufius fays, but they grow three Inches or more
high with us, which is fpread out at top into Lome
few Branches, bearing every one of them one fmall
blower, (but with us it is large, with refpeEl to the
bignefs of the Plant) which confifts office Leaves
apiece, of a pale green color, fays Clufius, but with
us as on that Plant which came from one Mr. Heskct
out of Lancajhire, of a pale whitifh color, with
fome yellow threads encompaffing a middle round
Head.

IV. The Pieces. Clufius fays it grows on the
Mountains called Sneberg , or Snowhi/l, among the
Stones, with us it grows on Mountains in Lanca-
shire, as the aforenamed Hesket reported.

V. The Times. Clufius fays that it Flowers in
thole Months which are prefently after the Snow is
diffolved , but with us towards the latter end of
April, or in May , but yet fomewhat later on thole
Mountains before named.

VI. As for the Vitalities, Specification, Prepar ali-
ens, and Virtues , they are much the fame with thofe
of Our Common Houfleek in the former Chapter, fo
that no more need be faid of them in this place.

HYACINTH Englijh, See Hares-Bel/s, Ch. 335.

CHAP. CCCLXXXVI.

Of HYSSOP Common.

I.'T'ffE Names. It is called in Arahick Cyfc,

X Javes, Jufa, in Greek "TtrcwT©-, in J. aline
Hyjfopus, in Englijh HyJJop.

II. The Kinds. There are two principal Kinds
hereof, viz. 1. "t etm*& mini, 4 JituSSm, Hyjfopus
Vulgaris, Our Common Hyllop. 2. "Temur©- trrimt,
Hyjfopus infrequens, Hyjfopus incclebrk, vel infoli-
tus, Hyffop Strange, and not Vulgar or Common,
of which in the next Chapter.

III. The Kinds. Of Our Common Garden HyJJop
there are only two Kinds, viz. 1. Hyjfopus Vulgaris,
Hyjfopus Arabum , Our Vulgar or Ordinary Hyffop.
This Hyffop is not the Hyffop of DioJcorides and
other Greek Authors, as all our modern Botanifts
do acknowledge, except Matthiolus, who earneitly
contends that Our Garden Hyffop is it againft all rea-
fon ; nor do any of our Herbarilts know (as far as I
can find) what the true Hyffop of the Greeks was.
As for Our Common Garden Hyffop, it is certainly the
true Hyffop of the Arabians, and fo we take it. 2.
Hyjfopus Arabum Floribus rubris vel albis, White or
Red Flowered Hyffop.

IV. The Defcriptions. The firfi, or Out Vulgar
Ordinary Hyflop, has a Root which is fomewhat
woody, with many thready firings thereat -, it is a
finall bulhy Plant, which rifes up with many woody
but tender Branches, fomething more than a Foot
high, on the Stalks and Branches whereof are fet at
certain dillances feveral fmall, narrow, and long
green Leaves, not dented at all on the edges; at

the tops of the Stalks and Branches grow blewilh
purple gaping Flowers in fpiked Heads, one row
above another, after which follows rhe Seed, which
is fmall and blackilh ; the whole Plant is of a vigor-
ous or ftrong, fweet, pleafant fmell.

V. Tbefecond, or White or Red Flowered Hyffop.
They have a Root like the former, but are fcarcely
to be difiinguijhed in their form. and manner of grow-
ing from the Common Garden Kind, (of which this
is a fort ) the chief difference is, that, they do both
ufually bear white or red Flowers, all on one fide of
the Spike, yet continue not conltant in that form,
but change into the form of rhe former Common Kind,
and fo become (as it were) the fame Plant, and af-
ter that change not to be difeerned therefrom.

VI. The Places. They grow with us only in Gar-
dens, and that thro1 the whole Kingdoms of Eng-
land and. Ireland, but they grow wild in Arabia,
and other hot Countries, as alfo on the Hills of Ro-
mania, about Verona , and near unto Mount Ba/dus.

VII. The Times. They Flower in the Summer
Months, viz. in June and July, and their Seed is
ripe in the beginning or middle of Augufi.

VIII. The finalities It is hot and dry in the third
degree, Aperitive, Abfterfive, Attringent, Anodyn,
Carminative, Digeftive, Diuretick, it incides, rari-
fies, and makes thin ; it is Stomatick, Pefforal, Cor-
dial, Splenetick, Nephritick, and Arthritick, Em-
menagogick, Alexipharmick, and Anaieptick.

IX. The Specification. It is peculiar again!!'
Afthma’s, Coughs, Colds, Catarrhs, Wheezing,
Hoarfeneis, fhortnefs of Breath, difficulty of breath-
ing, cures Confumptions , Strangury , Falling-Sick-
nels, and green Wounds.

X. The Preparations. You may prepare there-
from, 1. A Liquid Juice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Os-
cottion in Wine or Water. 4. A Lohoch, or Syrup.
5- A Ponder. 6. Pills. 7. A Lotion or Gargarifm.
8. An Oil by Dccolhon. 9. A Balfam or Ointment.
ro. A Cataplafm. 11. A Difiilled Water. 12. A
Spirituous TinSure. 13. An Acid 7 injure. J4.
An Oily Tinlhjre. 15. A. Saline Tint! the. t 6. A

Spirit,

552

Salmon V Herbal. Lib. I.

Spirit. 1 7
An Elixir.
Wine.

An Oil Dijlillei. 18. Powers. 19.
20. A fixed and volatile Salt. 21. A

The Virtues.

XI. The Liquid Juice. Mixed with Honey and
taken it kills Worms in the Belly, and helps Atth-
1TUV Coughs, Colds, Wheezing, lhortnefe of breath,
and other DiHempers of the Lungs, caufed by a ple-
nitude of Humors. Dofe from one Spoonful to
three. Morning and Night.

XII. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice, befides which it is excellent agatnft the Fal-
ling-Sicknefs , Agues, Catarrhs, or dtftilhmons of
Rheum upon the Lungs, and othe
and cherilhes the native-heat, and color of the Bo-
dy (sic. and is a powerful Remedy againlt the Co-
lick Strangury, obftiuaion of the Terms in Women,
Roy fon, thebitings of mad Dogs, Serpents arc}
other venomous Creatures; it cuts tough hlegm,
and caules expeftoration. Dofe two or three Spoon}
f'uls in the Dill tiled Water, or fome other propel

' LXlih The VecoSion in Wine or Water. It has all
the Virtues of the Juice and Elfence , but nothing
ne ir fo poweiful, and therefore may be given Morn-
ing Noon, and Night to fix or eight Ounces, fweet
ned with new Honey; if Rue and Honey is boiled
with it, and fo drunk, it Hops Catarrhs upon the
Lungs and has the other Virtues of the Juice and
Elfence; if the Decoftion, Juice, or Effence, is 1 mix-
ed with Oxymel it purges grofs Humors by Stool
and kills Worms in Children; if any of thefe three
Preparations are mixed with pulp ol bigs and hal
wire it lool'ens the Belly, and works downwards
alio- if either of them are mixed with juice ol
G Aden Crcfs and Blew Elowcrde/uce Roots, or pon-
der of the laid Hovierdclucc Roots, in a fit proporti-
on, this mixture will purge the Bowels yet mote

forcible, carry olf the caules of the Colick, cure the
Yellow Jaundice, Dropfie, obltructions of Liver,
Spleen, and Womb, and reftoie the true color of the
Skin, this more efpeciully if it is taken twice or
thrice a Week, as the Body can bear it.

XIV The Lohoch or Syrup. Take of the clarified
Juice two Pounds, of choice Honey four Pounds , mix
„n I I, oil to the confidence of a Rob or f utddony . It
has the Virtues of the Juice, Effence, and Decottion,
and may be taken three, lour, five, or fix times a
day or more, as the nature and reafon of the Dil-
eafe requires; it caufes an admirable exploration
of the morbifick matter out of the Bronchia of the
Lungs • take a little of it at a time with a fmall lit-
tle Spoon, and let it diftill down the Throat gradu-

jl*XV The Ponder. It is made of the Leaves,
Heads and Flowers ; ttrewed upon green Wounds
it presently heals them, upon old running Ulcers
it cleanfes, dries, and heals them alfo; applied with
pouder of Cumin Seed , Salt, and Honey, it is good
againlt the bitings of Vipers, Rattle-Snakes, mad
Dogs and other venomous Creatures; given inward-
ly to one Dram, or Dram and half, it gives eafe in
the Colick, provokes the Terms, and opens the ob-
Itruftions of the Urinary parts ; it caufes to break
Wind, and prevails againlt the cold fits of Agues.

XVI. The Pills- Take Hylfop in pouder, Male
Peony Roots in pouder , of each two Drams , Cajlore-
-urn in pouder one Dram, Horehound in pouder, AJa
fetid, 1 of each half a Dram, Cryftals of Luna in pou-
der a Scruple, with Rob of Hyffop (made per fe with-
out Honey Jq. s. mix, and make a mafs of Pills, for
[even L\fcs, to be given every Night at Bed time:
This is laid to be a fpecifick and effeflual Remedy
againlt the Falling-Sicknefs, to be repeated every

New and Full Moon fo long till the Cure is corn-
pleated : Thefe Pills cure allb a vehement Headach,
tho’ of very long Handing, and are prevalent againlt
a Vertigo.

XVII. The Lotion or Garganfm. Take Hyffop four
good handfuls. White or Red Port Wine three Pints,
Sal Nitre an Ounce, mix, and boil for a quarter of
an hour, then Jlratn off the clear. It is a lingular
good thing againlt the Quinfie, or any forenefs of
Throat or Mouth, it abates the inflamation of the
Throat, and dilcuffes the fwelling thereof, being of-
ten gargled therewith ; it takes away inflamations
in other parts of the Body, as alfo black and blew
fpots and marks, which are occafiored by Falls,
Blows, or Bruifes-, if Wine Vinegar is uied to make
the Lotion with inltead of the Wine, it will eafe the
Toothach, and the fumes thereof being received thro’
a Funnel into the Ears eafes their pains, and abates
an inflamation if any is prefent, and alfo takes away
their finging noile.

XVIII. The Oil by DecoSion or Jnfolaticn. Being
anointed upon the Herd it is faid to kill Lice aiid
Nits therein, and take away the itching; taken in-
wardly to one or two Ounces mixed with Honey it
opens obltruUions of Stomach and Lungs, and caufes
the pituitous matter to pafs off thro’ the Guts; an-
ointed upon any part fwollen and pained thro’ cold,
it eafes the pain and difeuffes the dwelling.

XIX. The Ba/fam or Ointment. Being applied
they quickly heal any fimple green Wound in the
Hand, or other parts of the Body ; applied alfo to
old running Sores and foul Ulcers they cleanfe, dry,
and heal them quickly, more cfpecially if the Pou-
der of the Herb afore named be alfo ttrewed upon
the fame ; the Balfam applied upon any part pain’d
with the Gout gives eaie in the pain, and by conti-
nuing the application in a fhort time cures it.

XX. The Cataplafm. Made of the green Herb
by bruifing, adding alfo thereto Sugar and Salt, with
a few Crumbs of White Bread, and applied, it is
admirable to difeufs any recent fimple Contufion, or
heal any fimple green Wound, in what part of the

Body foever.

XXL The Diftilled Water. It has the Virtues of
the Juice, Effence, and Decoction, fweetened With
Sugar or Honey, and fo taken from two Ounces to
four Ounces, but it is moltly ufed as a Vehicle to
convey the other Preparations down in; outwardly
ufed fweetened-witli Honey it is of good ufetocure
fore and running Eyes.

XXII. The Spirituous Tinllure. It is Ccphalick,
Neurotick, Stomatick, and Petloral, it is good
again!! Wind in the Stomach, gives eafe in the Co-
lick and gripings of the Guts, and fweetened with
Honey it eafes the vehemeney of the Cough , and
caufes expectoration; it is good againlt Vapors from
the Womb, Fits of the Mother, and the Falling-
Sicknefs. Dole one Spoonful in the Morning fall-
ing, another an Hour before Dinner, and the like at
Night going to Bed, in the Diftilled Water.

XXIII. The Acid Tinllure. It is good againlt the
Plague, all forts of malign and peftilential Difeafes,
it refills Poyfon, and is efficacious againlt the bitings
of mad Dogs, Vipers, and all other kinds of venom-
ous Creatures; it cleanfes the Stomach, llrengthens
it, and caufes a good Appetite and Digeftion, fup-
preffes Vapors, and refills Hylterick Fits; it power-
fully opens obftruftions, and attenuates thick and
gtois Humors which clog and fluff the Vifcera, cau-
fing the fame to be carried off by Stool and Urine.
Dofe fo many drops as to make the Vehicle plea-
fantly lharp.

XXIV. The Oily Tinllure. It opens the obitru-
flions of the Urinary parts, as alfo of the Womb,
provokes Urine and the Terms, expels Wind pow-
erfully.

et fully, and gives eafe in the Colick, gripings of the I of all the Vifcera, but more particularly of the
Guts, Stone, Gravel, Strangury, ESV. Dofe from Spleen, Reins, and Womb; they fupprefs Vapors
ten to twenty drops in any proper Vehicle Morning prevail againlt Hyfterick Fits, conquer Hypochon-
and Night; it gives eafe in the vehement pains of a—t-n. ~

the Back, and outwardly ufed is good againlt Con-

vulfions, Cramps in any particular part of the Body,
as alfo the Palfie and Gout, & c.

XXV. The Saline Tinthire. Inwardly taken in
a Glafs of White Port Wine from half a Dram to a
Dram, or Dram and half, it is prevalent againlt the
Strangury , and caufes a Pilling freely ; outwardly
ufed it is good againlt Scabs , Pimples , breakings
out, Tettars, Ringworms, Scurf, Morphew, Tan-
ning of the Skin, Sunburning, Yellownefs, and other
deformities thereof, the Skin (after being firlt waflf d
clean with warm Water) being well bathed there-
with Morning, Noon, and Night.

XXVI. The Spirit. Being dulcified with double
refined Sugar it is a molt excellent Stomatick and
Cordial, Tt expels Wind, gives eafe in the Colick
and gripings of the Guts, it prevails againlt fainting
and fwooning Fits, ficknefs at Heart, and other Di-
Itempers of the Stomach and Procardia. Dofe from
half to one Spoonful in Canary, or fome other Wine
or proper Vehicle.

XXVII. The Diftillei Oil. It is a Specifick againlt
an old inveterate Cough , Catarrh , and Althma, it
cures the Colick to a Miracle, expels Wind power-
fully, and cures Convulfions, Lethargies, Vertigo,
and the Palfie after a lingular manner; it admirably
llrengthens the Nerves and Brain, and is good againlt
all cold and moift Difeafes affefting thofe parts, let
them come from what caufe foever; it eafes the
Headach coming by reafon of cold, and is a lingular
Antidote againlt the Gout , being both inwardly ta-
ken and outwardly applied ; it is powerful againtf
Agues, as alfo againlt the Headach, Megrim, Ver-
tigo, Carus, Lethargy, and other Difeafes proceed-
ing from cold and moifture, but more efpecially it
is faid to be a peculiar Remedy for the Fallitig-Sick-
nels, tho’ in Perfons pall their Minority, and who
are advancing towards their middle Age ; in the Pal-
tie the Back Bone is to be anointed therewith Morn-
ing and Night, rubbing it well in, and inwardly it
is to be given from four drops to ten , fifteen , or
twenty, according as the Patient is in Age and
Strength, and the Dofe to be repeated Morning and
Evening fo long as need requires, let it be dropp’d
into White Sugar, with which it is to be well mixed,
then add to it the Vehicle you defign to give it in,
and fo let the Patient drink it.

XXVIII. T he Poteftates or Powers. They have
all the Virtues of the Diltilled Oil, and are much
more thin and penetrating, finking into the Flelh as
fall as they are put on , they are to be outwardly
ufed in the fame manner as the Oil, and to the fame
parts in the fame cafes, and likewife to be inwardly'
given Morning, Noon, and Night, from thirty to
eighty, or an hundred drops, in a Glals of Wine, or
other proper Vehicle.

XXIX. The Elixir. The Virtues hereof are juft
the fame with the Diltilled Oil and Powers, and
to be ufed alfo outwardly and inwardly in the fame
manner, faving that the Dofe of the Elixir is only
from twenty drops to fixty in Wine, or fome fit Ve-
hicle; given in Sherry or Madera Wine to fixty
drops or more in a Pleurifie it gives prefent eafe,

- . « , — , — .tquer

driack Melancholly, deobftruEt the Urinary palfages,
and give prefent eafe in the Strangury, caufing the
Patient to pifs plentifully and eafily ; and being con-
tinued for fome convenient time cure the Yellow
Jaundice. Dofe from ten to twenty grains, or more
in a Glafs of generous White Port Wine Morning
and Night, qjoftner, in the day time, if need fore-
quire.

XXXI. Tbe.Wine. Take Hyffop chopped [mail a
handful, choice ripe pigs flit three Ounces , White
Sugar candy an Ounce and half Mufcadine a Quart,
boil all together till half a Pi/ir is conf timed, then
jlrain ' out and keep it for ufe. Dofe three Spoonfuls
Morning and Evening againlt an old Cough, it cau-
fes the tough Flegm to be the more eafily expefto-
rated , gives eafe in the Strangury , by opening the
palfages of the Urine when they are flopped ; it is
alfo Carminative, helps to break Wind, and pro-
vokes the Terms in Wo
Hopped.

Vomen when preternaturally

and in a little time after a perfeEt cure ; in particu-
lar alfo it is a very excellent thing to kill Worms
in Children.

XXX. The Salt fixed and Volatile. They are
both Alcalies, and fo abforb Acids, infallibly cure
the pain of the Stomach, tho’ inveterate and never
fo vehement, they have been given with good fuc-
cefs in all forts of Colicks, they open obftruftions

CHAP. CCCLXXXVII.

Of HYSSOP Rare or Strange.

TH E Names. It is called in Greek "TVraT©-
cmvits, Siroir. r& aihs, in Latine Hyffopus In-
frequens , Hyffopus lncelebris , vel Infolita , in Eng-
lifh Strange, or Rare, or Uncommon Hyffop.

II. The Kinds. There are no lefs than Thirteen
Kinds of this Strange Hyffop viz. r. Hyffopus Eolijs
Niven, White Leav’d Hylfop. 2. Hyffopus Eolijs
A“reis Yellow HylTop. 3. Hyffopus Eolijs Cinerijs,
Kullet Leaved HylTop. 4. Hyffopus Sure nils Denfis ,
D5uMlTop. 5;. Hyjfopus hat folia, Broad Lea-
ved HylTop. 6. Hyjfopus Folijs Crenatis , Jagged or
Dented Hyffop. 7. Hyjfopus Mofchata , vel de Clif-
fi, Musked Hyffop. 8* Hyjfopus Coronata , vel Co-
mofa Cluftj , Tufted Hyffop. 9. Hyjfopus Folijs Crif-
pis, Curled Hyffop. 10. Hyjfopus Anguftifolia Spi-
cata. Narrow Leav’d Spiked Hyffop. 1 1. Hyffopus
Folijs Origani , Round Leav’d Hyffop. 1 2. Hyjfopus
minor, five HiJ'panica , Dwarf Spanifh Hyffop/ 1 3.
HyJJopus Montana , Mountain Wild Hyffop.

III. The Defcriptions. T he . firft , or White Lea-
ved HylTop, feems to me to be one of the forts of the
firft Common Kind in the former Chapter , and to
differ only in the party coloring of the Leaves, this
having feveral Leaves parted white a^d green in the
midft, and fome or all for the molt part white, and
fome wholly green, or with fome ftripes in the
green.

IV. The fecond, or Yellow HylTop, is without
doubt one of the forts alfo of the firft Kind in the for-
mer Chapter , it has feveral Leaves parted yellow and
green in the midft, and come all or moll part yel-
low; the uppermoft Leaves are ufually wholly yel-
low in the Summer time, parted with green, but
the lower Leaves often abide without difcoloring.

V. The third, or RulTet Leav’d HylTop. This al-
fo differs from the former fcarcely in any thing elfe
but in the color of the Leaves , which are of a grey-
ilh or Alh color, called by fome RulTet; and this
leems to be that very fort which Baubinus lays was
fent him from England , it growing very freely in
fome of our Gardens.

B b b b VI. The

Bbbb

554

Salmon'.*' Herbal. Lib. I.

VI. The fourth, or Double Hyffop. Tb» Hyffop

groats lower and thicker than the former Kinds, be-
ing thicker let with {lender and not fo woody
Branches, bending their Heads fomewhat down-
wards, and much more thick fet with Leaves ot a
dark green color; in the Flower and other particu-
lars it differs not from the firit Kind defended in the
former Chapter. ,, ,T _ T..

VII. The fifth, or Broad Leav d Hyffop. T his
differs very little from the firft Common Hy lTop in
the former Chapter, neither in Root, Stalk, Leaves,
nor Flowers, Living that in this the green Leaves are
larger and broader, and the Stalks are more woody
than it, keeping the fame form and. lubftance.

VIII. T be jixth, or Jagged or Dented Hyffop. In
its tops and top Branches it differs not much from
Our Common Garden Hyffop, but otherwise the
Stalks are fomewhat bigger and higher, and the
Leaves a pretty deal larger and longer, and regular-
ly cut in or dented on the edges, which makes it
another or differing Species of the fame Plant.

IX. The f event!), or Musked Hyffop. Thts dif-
fers fcarcely any thing from Our Common Garden
Hyffop, a* Gefner in Hortis Germania: has declared
but in the fmell, which is fo fragrant, grateful and
pleaiant , that it comes very near to the Imell or

WXk’T/;f eighth, or Tufted Hyffop. It if in Roots,
Stalks, Leaves, Blowers, and manner of growing,
fomething like unto the Garden Kind firjt defertbed
in the former Chapter, but a little taller and low-
er, the Leaves being of a paler green color, and the
top Branches fpreading a little broader, having Blott-
er Spikes of Leaves and Flowers, growing as it were
in Tufts, which has caufed the Name, and is indeed
the principal difference.

XI. The ninth, or Curled Hyffop. In its Roots,
Stalks, Branches, and manner of growing, it offers
not much from the Common Garden Kind , having
alfo much the fame fmell ; but herein confilts the chief
difference, that the Leaves thereof are curled or
crumpled at or about the edges, and that each Leat
feems to be compofed of many.

XII. The tenth, or Narrow Leav d Spiked Hytiop.
Its Root is like that of the Common Hyffop, it B a
fine fort, and has many {lender hard Stalks, on which
are fet at diftances, (as in the Common Hyffop) many
tall green Leaves, but longer and narrower than
they and ending in a longer point-, the Flowers uke-
wifc grow ar feveral diftances, as it were in Roun-
dles almoft from the middle of the Stalks up to the
Eras of a blewifh purple color, like the Common
Kind but much taller, and fo is the Seed alio-,
the Branches hereof will take root and grow being
laid into the Ground, the Root fpreading much in

the Earth. r.

XIII. The eleventh, or Round Leav d Hyiiop. It
has a hard , ndjiy, and fibrous Root, alfo hard woody
Stalks, on which grow feveral tall and almoft
round Leaves, one againft another, but pointed at
the ends; the Heads or Spikes of Flowers are like
unto Our Ordinary Garden Sort in the former Chap-
ter, and the Flowers themfelves are of a blewifh
purple color-, the fmell is alfo much the fame with
the Common Kind.

XIV. The twelfth, or Dwarf Spamlh Hyffop,
which LobeL calls Hyffopus Parva Anguftis Folijs.
X his bet* a finally woody, fibrous Root , which fends
forth Stalks fmaller ana lower than the Common
Kind, nor do its Branches rile fo high as the Vulgar
Garden Sort, but bend a little downwards, the
Leaves alfo being taller and thicker, and of a fad-
der green color, and the Heads or Spikes fhotter;
but the Flowers are purple, like the Garden Kind.

XV. The thirteenth, or Mountain Wild Hyffop-

Its Root is J mail, woody, and with many fibres or
I firings-, in its manner of growing it is very like un-
to the Common Garden Sort, but the Leaves are not
fo many at a joint, and are fomewhat harder and
rougher, and a little hairy, and fomething narrower
withal, which, as Matthiolus fays, being brought
into Gardens, and there nurfed up, will in length ot
time put off that roughnefs, and become more
fmooth and foft; the tatte of this is much more bit-
ter and nothing fo hot or fweet as the Common
Kind-, the Flowers and Seed are like to the Garden
Sort both for form and color.

XVI. The Places. They are all of them nurfed
up with us only in the Gardens of The Curious, and
grow as well as the Common Kind, but the Dwarf
or Spanijh Hyffop, as alfo the Mountain Hyffop,
grow naturally on the Hills in many places ot Spam
and Germany , and on the Hill Salvatin in the Coun-
tli of Goritia. .

’XVII. The Times. They all Flower in the Sum-
mer Months, viz. thro’ June and July, and begin-
ning of Auguft, and theit Seed is ripe in the begin-
ning or middle of Auguft. .

XV11I. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations ,
and Virtues, are fully and exaHly the fame with
thofe of the Garden Kind declared at large in the
former Chapter, lo that nothing more need be find
thereof in this place.

CHAP. CCCLXXXVIII.

Of HYSSOP Hedge True-,
0 R,

HYSSOP Marfli.

I.'T'l/B Fames. It was unknown to the Anci-
JL ent Greeks, the Arabians call the Seed there-
of Gelbenech, the Latines call the Plant Gratiola ,
fo it is named by Dodonaus, Gefner, Label, Lugdu-
nenfis, Matthiolus, and others; by fome it is called
Gratia Dei, and fome call it Gratia Dei altera, be-
caufe there is another Herb among the Gerania fo
called; Cordus calls it Limnefium, or Centauroiies,
becaufe many for the bitternefs thereof did think it
a Species of Centaur'nm minus ; Gefner calls it Gra-
tiola, five Centaurium Aquaticttm, alfo Sefamotien,
Columns fays that it is ufually called Gratiola, yet
favs it is thought of fome more duly to be taken for
ff Common Hyffop-, Baubinus in his Pinax calls it
Gratiola Centauroiies, and we in Englijh call it
Hedge Hyffop, for diftinaion fake, not that it grows
hy any Hedge fide, but ufually in moift and watery
places, for which reafon it might more properly be
called Marjh Hyffop.

II. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. i. Gratiola.
Vera The True Hedge Hyffop, which is a lingular
Plant and of which we treat in this Chapter. 2.
Gratiola Notha, Baitard Hedge Hyffop, ot which we
(hall treat in the next Chapter following.

III. The Defcription. It hat a Root which Jhoots

forth to and fro under Ground very much, with many

joints and fmall fibres at them, thereby tncreafwg and
quickly fpreading very far about, efpecially ?/ it
(lands in any moift place , becaufe it will fcarcely en-
dure long in any dry Ground 5 it is but a ima*l lovt
feldom growing above a Foot high,^

Chap. 588. TLngHJb Herbs . g - --

The Virtues.

Branches ere {lender, bending, and fourfquare, ha-
ving fcver.il fmall Leaves fee thereon, very like to
rhofe 'of the Ordinary Garden Hyffop , but a little
(horter and broader, and of a pale green color, of a
very bitter unpleafant tafte; from about the middle
of thefe Branches, at the joints of the Leaves, up to
the tops of them, come forth the Flowers every one
at a place, Handing upon very (hort footffalks, which
are fomewhat long and hollow, ending in four
Leaves, two of the lowed Handing out, as it were
Lips, and the other two above, (horter by the half,
of a whitilh yellow color, tending to a black blew,
and fometimes more blewilh or purple; after which
come (mall round Heads, in which is contained fmall
Seed.

IV. Kota. Camerarius fays that (not fat from
Geneva) he has found another Kind of this Plant,
viz. Gratiola f'lore luteo , Hedge Hyffop with a yel-
low Flower, but not differing from the former in
any other particular.

V. The Places. It delights to grow in moift,
watery, and Marlh Grounds, if you would have it
to live and flourifh, it grows naturally in many pla-
ces of and near Padua plentifully, but with
us it is only nurfed up in Gardens.

VI. The Times. Ir Flowers in June and July.
and its Seed is ripe not long after, but it feldom
gives ripe Seed in England.

VII. The Vitalities. It is hot and dry probably
in the third degree, Incifive, Attraftive, Abfferfive,
Aperitive, Traumatick, Hepatick, Splenetick, Ar-
thritick, and Cathartick.

VIII. T he Specification. It is a good Antifebri-
tick, and peculiar for the curing of the Dropfie,
Scurvy, and Gout, kill Worms, and heal all limple
green Wounds, running Sores, and putrid Ulcers.

IX. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
1. A Liquid Juice of the Herb 2. An EJJence. 3.
A Dccof/ion in Water or Wine. 4. A Ponder. 5.

* An Extrahl. 6. A Balfam or Ointment,

X. The Liquid Juice. It works very Itrongly
and churlifhly both upwards and downwards, ex-
pelling much vifeous and grofs Flegm, alfo Choler,
and w,atety Humors, for which realon it is profita-
ble for fuch as are troubled with a Sarcitcs , or
Dropfie Anajarca , as alfo the Afcitcs or Tympanites
in beginning, and for fuch as are affefled with the
Gout or Sciatica ; it cures both Tertian and Quar-
tan Agues, and kills Worms in the Belly, whether
in Old or Young, but by reafon of its churiilhnefs
it ought to be correfted with Anifeeds, Cara n ays.
Cloves, Cinnamon, Lie. Dofe half a Spoonful, in-
creafing it according to Age and Strength gradually
to two, three, or four Spoonfuls; it may be given
mixed with Poffet-drink, Sack-Whey, or Mutton
Broth, (fie.

XI. The EJJence. It has all the Virtues of the
former, but nothing near fo churlilh, but ought to
be correbled with Powers of Angelica, Pennyroyal,
Anifeeds, Caraways, Lie. it cures Quotidian and
Tertian Agues, opens obffruQions of Liver and
Spleen, reliffs putrifafilion, kills Worms, and eva-
cuates peccant Humors; the Dofe is the fame with
the Liquid Juice, and to be given in the fame
manner.

XII. The pecoOion or Infufion in Water or Wine.
It has all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but
is to be given in a greater quantity, it cleanfes the
Stomach and other Vifcera, opening their obffrufli-
011s, it alfo induces old running Sores and filthy Ul-
cers to a fpeedy healing, it works both upwards
and downwards, but much move gently than either
Juice or Effence.

XIII. The Pouder. It has all the Virtues of Li-
quid Juice, Effence, or Decoflion, but operates not
fo fpeedily, it kills Worms effeUu'ally in Old or
Young, and prevails wonderfully againlf the Scurvy
and Jaundice, as alfo obffruflions of the Womb, but
it ought to^be correfled with Camphir, Pouder of
Anifeeds, Lie. Dofe fiom a Scruple to a Dram, or
more, according to the Age of the Patient, Strength,
and other Circumffances ; outwardly ftiewed upon
old running Sores, or putrid Ulcers, it cleanfes and
dries them, and induces their fpeedy healing; it al-
fo admirably confolidates green Wounds, Lie.

XIV. The Extralf. It may be made into Pills
with Pouders of Anifeed, or Cinnamon ; Camerarius
commends it not only to be available againff the
Dropfie, but againff all forts of Agues, and fo much
the more if a little of the Infpiffate Juice of Cala-
mint be added ; it has all the Virtues of Juice, Ef-
fence, Decoflion, and Pouder, but works with much
more fafery and gentlenefs. Dofe fiom a Scruple
to a Dram in any fit Vehicle,

XV. The Balfam or Ointment. It is excellent
good againff the Gout or Sciatica being applied to
the parts affeUed, it alfo digelts green Wounds, or
malign Ulcers, cleanfes, dries, and heals them in a
very fhort time, but this more efpecially if the pou-
der of Tobacco, be mixed with the fame.

CHAP, CCCLXXXIX.

Of H Y S S O P Hedge Baftard.

I.'T' H E Names. This can have no Greek Name,
X any more than the former, in Latine it is
B b b b 2 , called

5^6 Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. I

called Gratiola Kotba, and in Engl'Jh Baftari Hedge

[iThe- Kinds. Tliere are three forts hereof, viz.

I. Gratiola AnguRiJ'olia , and Anguflifolm minor,
Gratiola minor Gefncri , alfo Hyffopoides Camera-
rim Hvljopi folia Cordi & Bauhini , Small Hedge
fly (fop," alio Small Narrow Leav’d Hedge Hyllop.
i. Gratiola Cxrulea , Gratia Dei Cajalpini , Tmy-
/w/7./ 'LabernamonUini, Her ha Judaica altera Dodo-
77.17, S/imV/s Gat rule a Thalij , Lyfimachta Wore Caru-
leo Gamcrarij , Lyfimachia Galcriculdta Lobelia Gra-
tiola Lat if olid , and Latifolia major , The Greater
Broad Leav’d, or Blew flowered Hedge Hyllop. 3
Gratiola Latifolia minor, and Latifolia nejfrar mi-
nor Lark,. nfoni, The Leffer Broad- Leav’d Hedge
Hyllop.

rccfye /Jtjfffdp narrow leave cl

III. The Defcriptions. The firfi, or .Small Nar-
t >w Leav’d Hedge Hyllop. It has a Root which ti
Khite, end /hoots forth many hires, fmby ‘‘
good testing and bold in the Earth; from this Root
(hoot forth fometimes many and foment
or two round reddifli bulks, hall a Yard high,
which are branched towards the tops, °“ ^hj^art
fet one above another, and fometimes one agamlt
another, divers fmall and fomewhat long Leaves,
fomething fmaller than thofe in the former Chapter,
and nearly refembling Leaves, °fspale.^g

color, and joining dofe to the Stalks and BraMfet
without anv Footllalk at all -, at the Joints w
Leaves come forth Flowers, every one by it le If,
ftanding in a long Husk, and confiding of our
Leaves, of an excellent blew color, after which
comes in their' places fmall brown Seed, contained
ill long round Pods, the Flerb and every part there,
of is without any the lead fmell, and aimed with-
out any fade, tho’ fome will have It to be of a lit-
tle nitrous, others of a little fweetifh tafte; lome-
times in the moifter Grounds this is found with lar-
ger Leaves, and growing higher, and fometimes ul
dry Grounds with fmaller and longer Leaves, fcarce-
ly growing a Span high.

' I V The feconi, or Greater Broad Leav d Fledge
Hyffop. It has a R net which /[reads much, and

Kith many Branches under Ground, quickly thereby
poffejjing a large circuit or compajs; it is a lmooth
low Plant, rifing about a Foot high, with many
iquare Stalks varioufly branched from the bottom
to the top, having thereon feveral Joints, and two
fmall Leaves at every one, which dani upon ihort
Footdalks, being broad at the bottom, and fmaller
towards the end, a little dented about the edges,
and full of Veins, of a fadder green color than the
former, longer alio, and broader ; the Flowers are
gaping, fomething like unto thofe of Dead A ettles,
of a lair blewilh purple color , with fome white
fpots in them, every one ftanding at the Joints with
the Leaves, up to the tops, after which come forth
fmall Seed Veflels, formed fomething like unto the
top of the Thigh Bone of a Man or Bealt, in which
the fmall Nut or Huckle Bone is placed, the upper
part of which does fiilt open when the Seed is ripe,
and tails away when it is touched, thereby mewing
within it fmall yellow Seed : There is a letter fort
hereof, differing only in the imallnefs ot the riant,
which I am apt to believe arifes only Irom the dif-
ferent goodnefs ol the Soil •, this Herb is referred to
Gratiola not only from its place and manner of
growing, but efpecially for its bitternefs, in which
it is fo like to it. TT , „ r

V T he thirds or Lefler Broad Leav d Hedge Hyl-
fop. It has a Root which is fmall , long, and white
(preading it fe If under Ground feveral ways , which
peri flics net in Winter, nor runs like the la ft, but
[pleads forth new Branches every Tear h from this
Root fprings up one or more fmall Stalks, about
half a Foot high, round, but crefted as it were all
the length, which fpread forth other fmaller Branch-
es, on which do grow many fmall Leaves, fet by
couples one againft another, being fomething broad
but very fhort withal, feeming almolt round, and.
ending in a tap point, a little dented about the
edges i at the Joints with the Leaves come forth the
Flowers every one by it felf, oh a fmall rootltalk,
being in form fomewhat like unto the lalt, a gaping
Flower, butfhorter, of a pale reddifh color, fpotted
in the middle of the lower Leaf with many Imall
white fpots-, alter the Flowers are fallen come m
their places Seed Velfeis, in fhape fomething like
unto the Nut of aCiofs-Bow, in which, is contained
fmall yellowifh Seed; the tafte of this Plant is as
extreamly bitter as the laft ; this Herb is alfo reler-
ed to the Gratiola Latifolia, as well for the refem-
blance of the Flower to the laft before defenbed, as
for the bitternefs thereof.

VI. T be Vlaccs. The firlt has been found growing
naturally in feveral places of England in moift and
wet Grounds, as at Dorchefter in Oxjordjhire at
the back fide of the enclofod Grounds, on the Left
Hand of the Town, as you go from thence to Ox-
ford in the Graflie places of the Champion Corn
holds; the fecond grows likewife in feveral places
of this Land, in wet low Grounds, and by Water
fides; the third is not known to grow many other
Country but in England, fo far as we can yet hear
or learn ; and- it was fall found out by Gerard, who
called it fimply Gratiola Latifolia, in wet boggy
Grounds among the Grafs ; I found it (fays lie) grow-
ing on the Bog or Marih Ground at the farther end
ot Hampflcad Heath, and upon the fame Heath to-
wards London , near unto the Head of the Springs
that were digged Anno is?0, f°r Water to he con-
veyed tp that City. mr, ■ 1

VII. The Tunes. The two firlt Flowef m June
and July, the third in July inis Atguft, their Seeds
ripening in a fhort time after their Flowers are palt

V III. At to their Vitalities, Specification, Treff
Rations, and Virtues, Authors have faid nothing.

Chap. 3 90. TZngUfh Herbs .

the firlt of thefe has never yet been applied to any
Medicinal ufe by any Author that I could ever yet
fee, nor yet the fecond or third Kinds, but their bit-
ternels coming fo near to that of the Gmtiola Vera ,
or True Hedge Hylfop, induces me to think that they
mull have fome of the Virtues of the True Hedge
Hyjjop , and if they be not full out fo effectual to
Purge, yet by their bitternefs they may be Aperitive,
and have a virtue to open the obltruclions of the
Vifcera, and cleanfe them from their pituitous and
vifcous Excrements ; they may alfo by the fame bit-
ternefs be Analeptick, and fo ftrengthen the Sto-
mach, and other Bowels, reltoring their depraved
Tone, fcur.

CHAP. CCCXC.

Of ] AC K-by-H EDGE,

0 R,

S A W C E-A L O N E.

I.'T"' H E Names. This feems to be a Novel Plant,

J. not known to the Greeks , and therefore has
no Greek Name, the Latinos call it Alliaria , Gef-
7ier in Hortis AUiafirum , and Ericius Cordus Hum
Marina, which is the Him a Marina Anguilaru , and
Aldiorolophus Phnij , as Dalechampius and Lobe/
thought; fome take it to be Tblafpidium Cratevce ,
as alfo Tblafpidium Cornutum Tragi , becaufe they
anfwer to its defcription ; we in Enghfh call it Jack-
by-Hedge , and Sawce-alone , becaufe it ferves of it
lelf for Sawce, inftead of many others.

II. The Kinds. Some would have it to be Scor-
dium , but that it is not, others Scordij Species , a
Kind of Scoriium , or Water Germander , but indeed
it has no relation to any of thofe Plants, that being
a real miftake of former Authors; it is a Angular
Plant of its Kind, which Gerard fays is Named of
fome Pes Afmims , Aides Foot, and may be called
(fays he) in Latine Allium non bulbofum , a Kind of
Garlick , fo efteemed from its fmell ; it feems to be,
1. Alliaria Communis , vet minor , The Common
Jack-by-Hedge. 2. Alliaria major , The Greater
Kind.

III. The Defcriptions. The firjl , or Common
Jack-by-Hedge. It hots a long Jlender Root , which is
fibrous or firingy , and thready , pcrijhing every Tear
after it has given Seed ; from this Root rife up fe-
veral (lender Stalks, about a Foot and half high ,
the Leaves are broad, of a light green color, nicked
round about, and (harp pointed ; the lower Leaves
are rounder than thofe which grow upward towards
the tops of the Stalks, and are fet fingly one at a
Joint , being longifh round the higher they grow,
and alfo pointed at the ends, and dented about the
edges, tho’ fomewhat lefs dented than thofe grow-
ing below, they fomewhat refemble Nettle Leaves
for the form, but are of a frelher green color, and
not rough or pricking; upon the Branches of the
Stalks near the tops grow very fmall white Flowers,
one above another, like Rocket , which being paft
come fmall, Render, and round long Pods, not very
much unlike to thofe of F lixwecd, laving that thefe
ate rougher, and grow fomewhat clofet to the Stalk,
in thefe Pods are contained fmall, round, and fome-
what blackilh Seed; this Plant railes it lelf every
Year again of its own fowing, and it has affinity to

557

Garlick in its Name, yet not in Name only, but in
its fmell, for any part of it being bruiled fmells of
Garlicky but more pleafantly, and taftes fomething
hot, (harp, and biting, almoft like unto Rocket, for
which reafon it becomes an admirable Sawce, to
fiich as love that tafte.

V. The Vinces. It grows of it felf by Garden
Hedges, by old Walls, by high Way fides, and
fometimes in the borders of Fields, in molt places
of this Kingdom.

VI. T be Times. It Flowers chiefly in June and
July, and the Seed, grows ripe in the mean feafon,
or not long after the Flowers are gone^ the Leaves
are ufed for Sawce in March and April.

VII. The totalities. It is hot and dry in the third
degree, and is repleat with much Salt, Sulphur, and
Mercury, it is Incifive, Aperitive, Attractive, Ab-
fterfive, Carminative, Digeftive, Difcu(Tive, and
Diuretick, Neurotick, Stomatick, Pefloral, Nephri-
tick, and Hyfterick, Ptarmick, Emmenagogick, and
Alexipharmick.

VIII. The Specification. It is peculiar again!!: the
Scurvy, Coughs, Colds, Wheezing, (hortnefs of
Breath, Stone, Strangury, Colick, and Fits of the
Mother.

IX. The P reparations. You may have therefrom,
1. A Juice of the Leaves and Roots. 2. An E fence
of the fame. 3. An Infufion or DecoUion in Water
or Wine. 4. A Syrup. 5. The Root. 6. The Seed
bruifed , or infujed in Wine. 7. A Cataplafm. 8.
An Acid Tintturc. 9. A Spirituous Tinuure. 1 o.
An Oily TinUure. n. A Saline Tin Slur e. 12. A
Spirit . 13. A Sawce.

fbe Virtues.

X. The Liquid Juice. Taken from a Spoonful
to two or three Spoonfuls in aGlafs of White Port,

Madera,

^8 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. L

Madera, or Canary Wines, it provokes Urine, helps
the Strangury, expels Gravel, Sand, Tartarous Mu-
cilage, eal'es the Colick, and fuppreffes Vapors and
Fits of the Mother.

XI. The Efenee. It has all the former Virtues,
hefides which it potently refills the Scurvy, Droplie,
Jaundice, and Gout, refills Vomiting, ftrengthens
the Scomach, caufes a good Appetite and a ltrong
Digeftion; it admirably corretls Crudities, warms
the Stomach, and reltores the Tone thereof being
hurt or weakned. Dofe one, two, or three Spoon-
fills Morning and Night, (and fometimes at Noon)
in a Glafs of generous Wine.

XII. The Infufion or DccoSton. It has all the

Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but much weaker,
and therefore may be given to hx or eight Ounces
Morning and Night; but the Infufion is better than
the Decoflion, becaufe confuting moftly of volatile
parts, thofe by boiling will evaporate away in a
great meafure, whereas by a clofe infufion they may
be all preierved. , , . , .

XIII. The Syrup. It ought to be made with cla-
rified Honey, and then it will be as good asEryft-
mum, or Hcdgc-Mufiard, to warm the Stomach, and
eafe Coughs, Colds, help Wheezings, Ihortnels of
Breath, and difficulty of breathing, as alfo to help
Catarrhs, and to caufe expeftoration of thick tough
Fl^gm and putrid Humors out ol the Brealt and

LUXS1V. The Ro t. It taftes (harp, like unto Radijh
Roots, and therefore may be ufed in the fame man-
ner and to the fame purpofes ■, if it is fcraped thin,
and the fcrapings are put into Wine Vinegar with
a little Salt, it makes a very good Sawce for Meat :
The Juice of the Root given in White Wine is excel-
lent againli the Colick, Strangury, Stone,. etc. it
gives eafe alfo in all thofe Cafes if exhibited in a
Clyfter, ©V. . .

XV. T be Seed bruifed , or infufcd in Wine. It is
a prefent . Remedy for a vehement pain in the Sto-
mach, as alfo for die Cclick, Strangury, Stone Gra-
vel, or uny Tartarous Matter obitruQ:ing theUrma-
rv milages •, it fuppreffes Vapors, abates Melancho-
ly, and. cures Hyfterick Fits. Dofe of the Seed from
half a Dram to a Dram and half, either in fubltance
(mixed with Honey) or in infufion in Wine.

XVI. The Catavlafm. Made of the green Leaves,
or of Leaves and Roor, and applied to old running
Sores and foul ULcers, whether in the Legs, Arms,
or other parts, it abates the pain (if any) cleanles
the Sore or Ulcer, dries them, and induces a fpeedy

heXVli. The Add Tintture. It is poff.bly one of
the greateft Medicines in the World againft the Scur-
vy it reftores the Tone of the Stomach, llrengthens
it* caufes a good Appetite and Digeftion,. luppreiies
Vapors, and has all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice
and Effence above declared * it is alfo Antifebrmck,
and Alexipharmick, it cures all fores of hor, burn-
ing, and putrid Fevers, and all fuch as are peitilen-
tial, and is powerful even againft the Plague it felt ^
it refifts Poyfon internally taken, or otherwise given
by the bitings of mad Dogs, Vipers, or other Ser-
penes, or other venomous Creatures, being inwardly
taken, and outwardly applied to the parts wounded,
bv bathing. Dofe fo many drops as may make a
Glafs of generous Wine, or other proper Vehicle,
plea finely acid or fiiarp, and to be repeated three or
four times a day, or as oft as need requires.

XV 111. The Spirituous TtnSure. It is Cephalick,
Neurotick, Stomatick, Cardiack, and Hyfterick ; it
warms and comforts the Head, Brain, Nerves, and
Stomach, cheats the Heart, revives the Spirits, and
is powerful againft fainting and fwoonmg Fits, Con-
vulfions, Pulfies, Vertigo, Lethargy, Carus, Coma,

Epilepiie, Hyfterick Paflion, and other Dileafes of
like kind aftefting any of thofe parts; it caufeS a
good Appetite and Digeftion, gives prefent eaie in
the Colick, and alleviates pains of the Stomach and
gripings of the Guts arifing from cold, crude, and
undigelted Humors. Dole from half a Spoonful to
a Spoonful, or more, two or three times a day, in a
Glafs of generous Wine.

XIX. The Oily TinSure. It has all the \ irtues
of the Juice, Eifence, Infufion, and Tinflures, and
may be given from eight drops to twenty drops, or
more, being firft dropped into and mixed with \\ hire
Sugar, and then mixed with a Glafs of Wine, or
other proper Vehicle ; it is a potent thing againft the
Stone, Gravel, Sand, or Tartarous Matter obftrua-
ing the Reins or Urinary paffages, it gives eafe in
the Colick and Strangury, and is a prefent Remedy
againft the Pleurifie, Stitches in the Side, and other
like pains of the Thorax and Stomach; it cures
Cramps by anointing therewith, and is of excellent
ufe againft Convulfion Fits in Elder . Perfons, as alfo
againft Vapors, and obftrufilions of the Womb; it
provokes the Terms, and facilitates the Birth of Wo-
men in Labor, bringing away the Afterbirth or dead
Child; it gives prefent eafe in after pains anointed
upon the lower parts of the Belly, and taken inward-
ly in a Glafs of Canary; it prevails againft the Pal-
fie taken daily in Wine, bathing the Back Bone
therewith, together with the parts affe&ed, and.con-
tinuing the uie thereof for fome confiderable time;
it alfo gives eafe in the Gout.

XX. The Saline TinSure. It feems to be a Spe-*

cifick againft Arthrittck pains, proceeding either
from a hot or cold caufe; it is good againlt Spots,
Marks, Tanning, Sunburning, black and blewnefs,
and other difcolorings of the Skin, it removes yel-
lownefs of the Scarf Skin, Freckles, Lentils, Scurf,
Morphew, and other like deformities of the Cutts,
but it mud be made pretty ftrong, and applied two
or three times a day, and buffered to dry on, for by
that means the’ fuliginous matter will be drawn
forth, and the Skin will peel off in manner of Scurf,
leaving a fine, young, tender, pure, clear Skin un-
derneath. , VT

XXI. The spirit. It is truly Cordial, Neurotick,
Cephalick, and Hyfterick, it revives the Spirits,
chears the Heart, and refrefhes the whole Univerfal
Man • it is good againft Convulfions in Children and
Elder People, prevails againft Palfies, Apoplexies,
Lethargies, Epilepfies, and Pleurifies, giving in thole
Difeafes prefent relief; it is fingular againft Vapors
and Fits of the Mother, and wonderfully refills and
reftores out of Fainting and Swooning Fits ; it is
ftrongly Aperitive, and removes the oblltuflions ol
the Lungs, Liver, Spleen, Reins, and Womb, diffol-
ving the congelation of Humors caufing the fame.
Dofe from one Dram to two or three Drams in

Wine, or any other fit Vehicle.

XXII. The Same. Jt is made of the Leaves fhrei
finally or of the Root /craped, or of their Juice ex-
pro fed, adding t proportional quantity of White Su-
gar, Wine Vinegar, and Salt. Being thus compound-
ed it is eaten in the Spring Time with Meat, as
Mutton, Lamb, Beef Veal, BV. either boiled or
roafted ; it corrects Crudities, expels Wind, ftrength-
ens the Stomach, creates a good Appetite, and cau-
fes a good Digeftion.

JACINTH Englijh, See Haresbells Englijh Ch. 335-

CHAP.

Chap. 391. 'Englijb Herbs .

CHAP. CCCXCI.

Of JACINTH American.

i-1 1 1 U E JV antes. This Plant its general Name is

X _ called in Greek 'T*urQ&, jn Latine Hyacin-
tbus, in Englifh Jacinth , and Hyacinth-, the Spani-
ards call it Mains Flores.

II. The Kinds. There are various Species of this
Plant, and feveral forts of each generick Kind, viz.
1. Hyacinthus Anglicus , Englifh Hyacinth, of which
there are four Species, viz. 1. Hyacinthus Anglicus
Cxruleus, Blew Englifh Jacinth. 2. Hyacinthus An-
ghcus Albus, White Englifh Jacinth. 3. Hyacinthus
Anglicus Incarnato Flore , Carnation Englifh Jacinth.
4. Hyacinthus Anglicus vel Hifpanicus major Flore
Campanula injlar. Greater Englifh or Spanifh Ja-
cinth ; all thefe growing in England are commonly
called Haresbe/ls, and of which we have already
treated in the foregoing part of this Book, viz. in
Chap. 33;. and therefore (hall now overpafs them
in this fuccinft Difcourfe of Jacinths. 2. Hyacin-
thus Americanus , American or Well Indian Jacinth,
of which there are two Kinds, which are the pecu-
liar Subjefl of this prefent Chapter. 3. Hyacinthus
Botroides, Grape Flowered Jacinth, of which there
are fix Species, Treated of in Chap. 392. 4. Hya-
cinthus Botroides Mufcatus , Musked Grape Flower-
ed Jacinth, of which there are four Species, which
are Treated of in Chap. 393. Hyacinthus Como-
fus , The Haired Jacinth, of which there are five
Species, which are Treated of in Chap. 394. 6.
Hyacinthus Oricnta/is, The Oriental Jacinth, of
which there are eight Species, which are Treated of
In Chap. 395. 7. Hyacinthus Orientalis Flore du-
p/ici , Double Oriental Jacinth, of which there are
three Species, and are Treated of in Chap. 39 6. 8.
Hyacinthus Mftivus , The Summer Jacinth, of which
there are five Species, and are Treated of in Chap.
397 . 9. Hyacinthus Fufcus , The Brown or Dun
Colored Jacinth, of which there are three Species
and are Treated of in Chap. 398. to. Hyacinthus
Stellatus Feruanus, Weft Indian Starry Jacinth,
of which are four Species, and are Treated of in
Chap. 399. II. Hyacinthus Stellatus Vulgaris, The
Common Starry Jacinth, of which there are feven
Kinds, and are Treated of in Chap. 400. 1 2. Hya-
cinthus Stellatus Byzantinus , The Turky Starry Ja-
cinth, of which are four Species, and are Treated
of in Chap. 401. 13. Hyacinthus Stellatus Autum-
nalis , The Autumn Jacinth, of which there are three
Species, and are Treated of in Chap. 402. 14. Hy.

acinthus Stellatus Li/ifolius, The Lilly Leav’d Star-
ry Jacinth, of which there are three Species, and are
Treated of in Chap. 403. I know fome Authors ac-
count the Styutl or Sea Onion in the Clalfis of Ja-
cinths, making it a Marlh or Sea Kind, but I pm
of a contrary Opinion, and therefore (hall not rank
it with thofe aforegoing, but Treat of it hereafter in
its proper place of the Alphabet.

111. The Kinds of the American Jacinth. There
are only two Species of this, viz. 1. Hyacinthus In-
iicus vel Americanus major Radice Tuberofa , The
Greater American Tuberofe Rooted or Knobbed Ja-
cinth. 2. Hyacinthus Indie us vel Americanus minor
Radice Tuberofa , The Lelfer American Tuberofe
Rooted or Knobbed Jacinth. Clujius leaves out the
Word minor in the Name of the fecond, becaufe,
as it is thought, he never knew or heard of the firft;
fome would have thefe Hyacinths to be Hyacinthi
Eriopbori India, The Indian Woolly Jacinth, be-

caufe when they are broken they have much Wooll
in them, which I think to be a mi [lake ; and fome
think that thefe two Plants are not two feverals, as
greater and lelfer, but that the greatnefs of the one
is caufed by the goodnels or richnefs of the Soil
where it grows, but whofo Ihall confider the parti-
cular Defcription of each, and compare them, will
foon become of another Mind. .

IV. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Greater Ame-
rican Tuberofe Rooted Jacinth. It has a thick knob-
bed Root, (yet formed into feveral Heads, fomewbat
like unto bulbous Roots) with many thick Fibres at
the bottomsof them-, from the divers Heads of which
Root rife up feveral ttrong and very tall Stalks, be-
fet with divers fair, long, and broad Leaves, joined
at the bottom dole unto the Stalk, where they are
greateft, and grow fmaller to the very end, and thole
which grow higher to the top being finaller and
Imaller, which being broken many fine Threads ap-
pear like Wooll in them ; the tops of the Stalks ar«
beautified with many fair, large, white Flowers,
each of which does confilt of fix Leaves, lying fpread
open, as the Flowers of the White Daffodil, with
fome ftiort Threads in the middle, and of a very
fweet fmell, fo l'weet as fome account it ftrong and
heady ; this is the greateft and talleft of all the Ja-
cinths, and the Flowers are fomething near in refem-
blance unto thole of the Daffodil, but its Root is tu-
berofe, as aforefaid, and not bulbous, as all the reft
are.

V. The fecond, or Lelfer American Tubetofe Roof-
ed Jacinth. The Root of this Jacinth is knobbed, like
the Root of Arum, or Wake-Robin, or like the Root
of the Carolina Eddo, from whence many Fibres
fpring forth-, from this Root come forth many
Leaves, lying upon the Ground, and encompafling
one another at bottom, being long and narrow, and
hollow guttered to the ends, which are fmall and
pointed, and no lefs woolly and full of Threads than
the former; from the middle of thefe Leaves rifes
up a Stalk, which is very long Snd {lender, three or
four Feet in height, which, unlefs it is propped up.
Will bend down, and lie upon the Ground, on which
are fet at certain diftances many ihort Leaves, being
broad at the bottom, where they do almoft encom-
pafs the Stalk, and are fmaller towards the end,
where it is fliarp pointed; at the top of the Stalk
Hand many Flowers, with a fmall piece of a green
Leaf at the bottom of every footftalk, which leem
to be lb many White Oriental Jacinths , being com-
pofed of fix Leaves, which are much thicker than
the former, with fix Chives or Threads in the mid-
dle, tipt with pale yellow Pendents.

VI. The F laces. They both grow naturally in the
Weft Indies, from whence they were firft brought
into Spain , and from thence have been brought to
us, and into feveral other parts of Europe.

VII. The Times. They Flower not in England
and other like cold Countries till the middle of Au-
guft, and fometimes not at all, unlefs they be care-
fully preferved from the injuries of our cold Win-
ters, and then if the precedent Summer has been hot
they may Flower a Month fooner.

VIII. The Qualities. They are cold and drying
in the firft degree, or beginning of the fecond, Altrin-
gent and Diuretick.

IX. The Specification. They Hop fluxes of ths
Bowels, give eafe and relief in the Strangury, and
are profitable againft the Jaundice and Kings-Evil ;
the Roots are only of ufe in Medicine, but being of-
ten uled are thought to caufe Barrennefs ; but ’ris
certain, that being taken inwardly by Young Perfons
it keeps them from growing ripe too foon.

X. The

5 6o

Salmon s Herbal Lib. I.

X. The Preparations. There are but few Prepa-
rations from thefe Plants, vis- about five, i. A Li-
quid Juice. 2. An Efjence. ?. A DecoUion or in-
fufion. 4- A Ponder. 5- An Ointment.

The Virtues . •

XI The Liquid juice. It cools and abates Fe-
vers, and given in Red Florence oi Port Wine ltops
ttuxes of the Bowels-, given in White Port Wine, or
Portly, or Arfmort Water, it cleanles all the Uri-
nary paffages, provokes Urine, and cures the stran-
gury T given in Milk of Hempfeed made With Parfly
Water it prevails again!! the Jaundice, and daily ta-
ken in Mutton Broth, or a gentle Intufion at Sena,
it eradicates the Kings-Evil. Dofe from one Spoon-
ful to two, or more, increafing the Dofe gradually,
as you find the Patients Body does agree with it.

XII. The EJfence. It has all the Virtues ot the
Juice, and is fomething more prevalent than it, lot
which reafon it is to be given in a lefftr Dofe, but
in the fame manner, and in the fame Vehicles, and
may be given twice a day, as you lee need requires,
or the Conititntion of Body will bear it.

XIII. The Deooc/ion or lnfufton. It may be made
in Arfmort Water, or Parfly Water, in which a
Scruple or half a Dram of Salt ol Tartar is dillol-
ved, or in White or Red Port Wine, (according to
the Intention) or in a mixture of the former Waters
with thofe Wines, as the Phyfician in Prudence (hall
direft; they have all the Virtues of the Juice and
Effence, but mult be given in a much larger Dofe,
viz. from three Ounces to eight Ounces, according
to Age, c.

XIV. The Ponder. It may be givert for all the
Purpofes that any of the aforegoing Preparations are
given for. Dofe from half a Dram to a Dram, or
Dram and half, once or twice a day in any proper
Vehicle, it does not fo fpeedily pafs off as thofe li-
quid things do, but commonly lies longer in the Sto-
mach, and if the Stomach is weak, or foui, will be
apt fometimes to make it lick; outwardly applied
to old running Sores, or putrid Ulcers, alfo Ulcers
of the Kings-Evil, it cleanles them and dries up their
humidities, and induces them to a fpeedy healing.

XV. The Ointment. It is good to heal old Sores
and Ulcers, but is chiefly good againlt Tumors and
Ulcers of the Kings-Evil, lot by anointing them firtt
therewith Morning and Evening, chafing the Oint-
ment well in, it infenfibly confumes thofe Kernels
or Swellings, -and in time perfectly diffolves them -,
and if you mix therewith Pouders of Scammony and
Tobacco, ana, and apply it to ltrumous Ulcers, it
cleanfes, takes away dead or proud Flefh, dries them
up, and quickly heals them.

XVI. Kota. What we have faid of the Qualities,
Specification, Preparations and Virtues of thefe T u-
berofe Jacinths , the fame is to be underftood of all
the Bulbous Jacinths hereafter following, (excepting
only the Mush Grape flowered Jacinth in Chap. 393.
which is faid to be the Bulbus Vomitorius Diofcori-
dis, and the Lilly Leav'd Starry Jacinth in Chap,
403.) and this I thought good to give notice of here
once lot all, that in the following Chapters of this
Plant we might not often repeat the fame in vain.

CHAP. CCCXCII.

0/ JACINTH Grape Flowered;

I.'-jT'lfE Karnes. It is called in Greek yiurtG-

X in Latine Hyacinthus Botroides , and

in Engtijh Grape flowered Jacinth.

II. The Kinds. The Grape f lowered Jacinth has
two principal or generick Kinds, viz. i. Hyacinthus
Botroides vel Racematus non Mofchatus, The Grape
Flowered Jacinth not Musked, of which in this
Chapter. 2. Hyacinthus Botroides vel Racematus
Mofchatus, The Musked Grape Flowered Jacinth,
of which in the Chapter following.

III. The Kinds of the Grape f lowered Jacinth not
Musked. Of this there are thefe fix varieties, 1. Hy-
acinthus Botroides vel Racematus minor Caruleus ob-
feurus. The Letter dark Blew^Colored Grape Flow-
ered Jacinth. 2. Hyacinthus Racematus major Ctrtt-
leus, The Greater dark Blew Colored Grape Flow-
ered Jacinth. 3. Hyacinthus Botroides Cxruleus A-
meenus. The Plerfant Sky Colored Grape Flowered
Jacinth. 4. Hyacinthus Botroides Ramoftts, The
Branched Grape Flowered Jacinth. 5. Hyacinthus
Botroides F lore albo. The White Grape Flowered Ja-
cinth. 6. Hyacinthus Botroides F lore albo ritbentr ,
The BlufhGrape Flowered Jacinth.

IV. The Defcriptions. The firjl, or Leffer dark
Blew Colored Grape Flowered Jacinth. It hat a
Root which is round, and blackifh ih'itbout, being en-
compajfed with a number of fmall Roots or, Offfels
round about it, fo that it will quickly choak a Ground
if it is fuffered long in it, for which cattfe many do
cajl it out into fame by corner, if they intend to pre-
ferve it, or- elj e caft it out of the Garden quite ; it
has many fmall and fat weak Leaves, lying upon the
Ground, which ate fomewhat brownilh at their firtt

coming

Chap. 392.

Herbs .

coming up, and of a lad green afterwards, hollow
on the upper fide and round underneath, from among
which rile up round, fmooth, weak Stalks, bearing
at the top many fmall, heavy. Bottle-like Flowers,
in (hape like to the Mufcari (in the following Chap-
ter) but very thick thruft together, fmaller, and of
a very dark or blackilh blew color, of a very ftrong
imell, like unto Starch when it is new made and
hot.

56'

flzcrnt// W (frape
=fZorvreS. \ljjreat.

V. The fecond , or Greater dark Blew Colored
Grape Flowered Jacinth. Tim Plant in its Root ,
heaves , Stalk , flowers , Color, and manner of grow-
ing, is in all refpefts like unto the Leffer before de-
ferred, and differs nothing from it but in the mag-
nitude, this in its Stalk, Leaves, and Flowers, be-
ing greater than them.

VI. The third, or Sky Colored Grape Flowered
Jacinth. The Root of this is whiter than the former,
but does not increafe Jo much ns it, yet produces plen-
ty enough of Plants ; it fprings up with fewer Leaves
than the firft, and not reddilh, but green at its firft
appearing •, the Leaves when they are full grown are
long and hollow, like the firft, but greener, fhorter,
and broader, Handing upright, and not lying along
upon the Groped as they do ; the Flowers grow at
the top of the Stalk, more fparfedly fet thereon,
and not fo thick together, but like a thin Bunch of
Grapes, and Bottle like, as the former, of a perfeft
Blew, or Sky Color, every Flower having Lome
white fpots about their brims , this has a very fweet
fmell, yet nothing like the foregoing.

VII. The fourth, or Branched Grape Flowered Ja-
cinth. This is a true Species of the former Kinds,
and is found to grow with many Branches of f lowers,
breaking out from the bides ot the greater Stalks or
Branches •, the Leaves, as is all the reft of this Plant,
are greater than the former.

VIII. Ihe fifth, or White Grape Flowered Jacinth.
It hat a bulbous Root, at the others, its Leaves are
green, but a little whiter than the Blew or Sky Co-
lored Jacinth; its Flowers are purely white, and

alike fparfedly fet on the Stalks, but a little lower
and fmaller than it ; in all other things there is no
difference.

fhefixth, or Blufh Grape Flowered Jacinth.
t he bulbous Root of this Grape Flower is greater
than either oj the Roots of the Sky Colored or White
aforegoing, and hat feldom any J mall Roots or Off-fets
as the Others have ; its Leaves alfo are larger, and
fomewhat broader, the Flowers are of a pale, or
bleak blulh Color out of a white, and are a little
larger, and grow a little higher, and fuller of Flow-
ers than the While.

The Places. They ate Natives of many pla-
ces ot Germany and Hungary, and grow a'lfo in
Spam , and on Alount Baldus in Italy, and near filar-
bone in Prance, about the borders of Fields, with us
they grow only in Gardens.

■ r J Times. They Flower from the begin-
ingot March, and fometimes fooner if the Weather
^smild, and continue Flowering till the begining of

CHAP. CCCXCIII.

Of JACINTH Grape Flower Musked.

1.' I 'HE Names. It is called in Arabick Zir, in

X the Turkifh Language Dipcadi , and AloJ'cho-
romi, by which Names they were fent to us tiom
Turky, in Greek 'T dmvb@- Sort uulm poeygS'n, in La-
tine Hyacintbus Botroides Alofchatus, and in Eng/ijh
The Musked Grape flowered Jacinth.

II. The Kinds. There are four feveral forts of
this Musked Plant, viz. 1. Ei >,£©- e^enjtJt, Bulbus
Emeticus , Hyacintbus Botroides Mofchatus major ,
Hyacintbus Mofchatus Bauhini, Mufcari , and Muf-
cari flore flavo , The Greater Yellow Musked Grape
Flowered Jacinth, or Yellow Mufcari. 2. Hyacin-
tbus Botroides Mofchatus major, feu Mufcari flare
Cineritio , The Great Afh Colored Musked Grape
Flowered Jacinth. 3. Hyacintbus Botroides Mofcha-
tus major, five Mufcari flore rubro, The Great Red
Musked Grape Flowered Jacinth. 4. Hyacintbus
Botroides Mofchatus major, five Mufcari flore albo ,
The Great White Musked Grape Flowered Jacinth!

III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Greater Yel-
low Musked Grape Flowered Jacinth. It has a Root
which is long, round, and very thick, and white on
the outfide, with a little woollmcfs thereon when bro-
ken, and full of a flimy juice, to which are adjoined
thick, fat, and long f ibres, which perijh not, as in
nto/l of the other Jacinths, and therefore need not to
be often removed, as fome of the other forts are : This
Musked Jacinth, or Grape flower, has five or fix
heaves fpread upon the Ground in two or three
Heads, which at the firft budding or fhooring forth
out of the Ground are of a reddilh purple color, and
afterwards become long, thick, hollow, or guttered
on the' upper fide, of a whitifli green color, and
round, and dark colored underneath; in the middle
of thefe Heads of Leaves rife up one ot two hollow,
weak, brownifh Stalks, fometimes lying on the’
Ground with the weight of the Flowers, (but efpe-
cially of the Seed) yet for the mod part Handing up-
right when they are laden towards the top with ma-
ny Bottle like Flowers, which at their firlf appear-
ing, and until the Flowers begin to blow open, are
of a brown red color, and when they are blown of a

Cccc 6ir

fair yellow, Howering firlt below, and fo- upwards
bv degrees-, every one ot’rhefe Flowers is made like
unto a little Pitcher or Bottle, being big in the bel-
ly and Imall ar the mouth, which is round and a
little turned up, very fweet in Intel 1, like unto Musk,
from whence it took the Name M ufcan- alter the
Flowers are pall there come threel'quare thick Heads,
puffed up, like as it were Bladders, made ol a ipon-
gv lhbff mce, in which are here and there placed
black round' Seed. „ _ , . x. , ,

IV. The fcconi , or Great Afh Colored Masked
Grape Flowered Jacinth. It his a Root like the for-
met hn yields wre cncreafe, andwt/lhfierendurr.
our cold Clim.it e, altho it does more Jellom give i ipe
Seed: This Alufiari differs not in Roots or lorm ol
Leaves or Flowers From the former, excepting in
thele following particulars , the Leaves do not ap-;
pear fo red at firlt budding out ot the Ground nor
are fo dark when they are fully grown, the Stalk
alio lias commonly more ltore of flowers thereon,
the color of which at their fill! budding is a 'toe
dusky, and when they ate full blown are ot a bleak,
yet bright Afh color, with a little (hew ot purple ml
them, and by long tending change a little more grey,
being full as fweet, or lweeter, as lome think, than

third, or Great Red Musked Grape Flow-'
ere 1 Jacinth. 'Ibis Plant in its Root , Leaves, Stalk,
f, rover, Sped, and manner of growing, is abjolutey
like to the fir /?,' excepting only in the color or the
Flowers, tor that this when its Flowers are blown

are of a red color, tending to a yellow.

VI The fourth, or Great White Musked Grape
Flowered Jacinth. The Root of this (ns well ns the
Root of the third aforegoing) docs not uj unify grow jo
large as the Root of cither of thejirji two , in all other
refpclts it is like to them -, the Leaves are like unto
the l'econd kind, but they are of a little whiter green
the Flowers alfo ate like in form and manner or
prowing, but of a pale color, tending to a while.

VII. The Places. The Roots of the wo firlt have
often been brought from Conjhmtinople to us, and
poiftbly may come thither from beyond the Bojpho-
rus in Afia, but with us they are nurfed up only in
Gardens-, the latter two forts are thought to be de-
generates from the firlt two Kinds, to wit, from
their Seed coming to ripenels in- our Country, and

fo lovvn here. „ , ,

VIII. The Times. They Flower in March and
April according to the warmth or temperature or
the Seafon, but the firlt of them I'prings firlt out ot

the Ground. , „

IX. The Qualities and Virtues. Galen Lib. S.
Simp dll',/, lays its temperature is hotter than that
of the Bulluis EJ'culcntus , or Ornithogalum luteum ,
and Diojeori.les lays that the Root eaten or the De-
coftion thereof drunk, cures Difeafes of the bladder,

but that it caufes Vomiting, without doubt it ought
to be applied by a Wife and Prudent Hand; out-
wardly made into an Ointment, it is good againlt
the Kings-Evil, for by daily , anointing therewith it
difeuffes and confumes thole fcrophulous Tumors,
Kernels, or Swellings.

II. The Kinds. There are five feveral forts of
the Haired Kind, viz. V Hyacinthus Comofus albus ,
The White Haired Jacinth. 2. Hyacinthus Comofus
Byzanttnus , The Turky Fair Haired Jacinth. ? •
Hyacinthus Comofus major purpureas, of fome its
called only Hyacinthus major , and of others Hyacin-
thus Comofus major, but we in Enghjh call it The
Purple or Great Purple Fair Haired Jacinth, be-
anie of its Tufts or Taffels of purple Threads like
Hairs at the top. 4. Hyacinthus Comofus Ramofus
purpurem, fome call it only Hyacinthus Comofus
Ramofus , others Hyacinthus Calamijlratus, others
Hyacinthus Comofus Parnajfi , The Fair Haired
Branched Jacinth. 5. Hyacinthus Comofus Eleganti-
or, Hyacinthus Comofus Ramofus Elegant tor, Hyacin-
thus Pennalus, and Hyacinthus Comofus ParmJJi,
Fair Curled Haired Jacinth ; fome will have it to
he called alfo Hyacinthus Ca/ami/iratus, others think
Cincinnati^ more fit and proper, for that the curled
Threads which feem like Hairs are better expreiied
by the Word Cicinms , which fignifies the curled
btilh of Hair it felf, than by the Word Calamiftrum,

Dll 111 Ol Ildll 1L * J , T /l '

which fignifies only • the Crifping-Pm or Inltrument,
vt, herewith of Old they ufed to trizze or curl the
Hair.

CHAP. CCCXCIV.

Of JACINTH Haired.

I.t-pt H E Homes. It is called in Greek 'T aKivQQ-
JL r tipfj'ot, in Inline Hyacinthus Comofus, in
Enghjh The Haired Jacinth.

III. The Defcriptions. The firfi, or White Hair-
ed Jacinth. It has a bulbous blackijh Root, a little
long and round, from whence rife up three or four
Leaves, fmooth and whitijh, long, narrow, and hol-
low, hike a Trough or Gutter on the upper fide-, from
among which fprings up the Stalk, about a Foot ot
more high, bearing at the top feveral Flowers, Email,
and fomewhat like to the Grape Flower, but not fo
thick fet together, being a little longer and larger,
and wider at the mouth, and as it were divided in-
to fix edges, of a dark whitifil color, with fome
blacker fpots about the brims on the infide ; the
Heads or Seed Veffels are threefquare, and fomewhat
larger than the Heads of any of the former Leffer
Grape Flowers in Chap. 292. in which are contained
round black Seed; this Jacinth does more nearly re-

femble

Chap. 394. TLnglijb Herbs,

lemble the Grape flowered Jacinths juft above na-
med than the Hair flowered Jacinths which follow,
and which Name it beats for that it has no Hairs or
Threads at the top of the Stalk, or fides, as they
have; but becaufe Authors have given it this Name
we thought not fit to change it, and therefore have
put it into the Claffis of Haired Jacinths , as fome
others have done.

Jacinth Haired Fair White , or Turkey.

IV. The fecond , or Turky Fair Haired Jacinth. It
has a bulbous Root , like the former , but it is bigger,
and larger alfo in its Leaf and flower, and bears
greater ftore of Flowers on the head of the Stalk ;
the lower Flowers, altho’ they have fliort Stalks at
their lirlt flowering, yet afterwards the Stalks grow
longer, and thofe which are lower Hand out farther
than thofe which are higheft, whofe footftalks are
Ihort, and almoft clofe to the Stem, and of a more
perfect Purple than any below, which are of a dusky,
greenilh, Purple Color; the whole Stalk of Flow-
ers does fometimes feem like a Pyramis, broad be-
low and fmall above, yet neither of thefe Jacinths
have any Threads at the tops of the Stalks, as the
others following have ; this Jacinth came from Con-
stantinople, and is fomething like to that before de-
fcribed, faving that it is every way bigger.

V. The third, or Great Purple Fair Haired Jacinth.
It has a great bulbed white Root, with fome reinefs on
the out fide-, it is a Fair Haired Jacinth , whofe
Leaves are fofter, longer, broader, and lefs hollow
than the former, lying for the moft part upon the
Ground ; the Stalk rifes up from amidft the Leaves,
being ftronger , higher , and bearing a greater and
longer Head of Flowers alfo than they ; the Flowers
of this Hand not upon fuch very long Footftalks, but
are Ihorter below, and clofe almoft to the Stalk a-
bove, having many bright, purplifh, blew Threads,
growing higheft above the Flowers, as it were in a
buftt together, every one of thefe Threads having a
little Head at its end, fomewhat like unto one of
the Flowers, but much fmaller ; the reft of the Flow-
ers below this Bulh are of a fadder or deader Purple,
and not of fo bright a Color, and the loweft worft
of all, rather inclining to a green, like unto the laft
Turky Kind; the whole Stalk with the Flowers up-

on it does fomewhat refemble a long Purfe Taffel,
and therefore feveral Perfons have fo Named it; the
Heads and "Seeds are like to that juft aforegoing, but
greater.

VI. The fourth, or Fair Haired Branched Jacinth.
Its Root is greater andjhorter than that of the next ,
and encreafes / after ; the Leaves hereof are broader,
Ihorter, and greener than of the laft, not lying fo
weakly on the Ground, but Handing fomething more
upright; the Stalk rifes up as high as the former,
but branched out on every fide into many Tufts of
Threads, with Knops, as it were Heads of Flo.', ers,
at the ends of them, like unto the Head of Threads
at the top of the former Jacinth, but of a little dark-
er, and not fo fair a blewilh purple color; this Ja-
cinth does fometimes refemble the next Curl'd Hair'd.
Jacinth, but that the Branches are not fo fairly com-
pofed altogether of curled Threads, nor of lb excel-
lent a fair Purple, or Dove Color, bur of a much
more dusky hue.

VII. The fifth, or Fair Curl’d Hair’d Jacinth. It
has a bulbous Root, not fo great as the laft, but white
on the out fide ; it is an admirable Jacinth , and rifes
up with three or four Leaves, fomething like unto
the Leaves of the Mjtsked Grape Flowered Jacinth,
but letter, from between which Leaves rifes up the
Stalk, about a Foot high, or fomewhat more, bear-
ing at the top a Bulh or Tuft ot Flowers, which at
the firft appearing is like unto a Cone, or Pine- Apple,
and afterwards opening it lelf fpreads into many
Branches, yet ftill retaining the form of a Pyrames,
being broad fprejd below and narrow above; each
of thefe Branches are again divided into many Tufts
of Threads or Strings, twitted or curled at the ends,
and of an excellent Purple or Dove Colo-, both
Stalks and Hairs; this continues a great while in its
beauty, but afterwards all thefe Flowers (it you will
fo call them) do fall away without any Seed at ail,
fpending it felf as it were in its abundance of Flow-
ers.

VIII. The Places. The two firft have been fenc
to us from Conftantinople, the third is found wild in
many places of Europe, as well in Germany as in
Italy ; the native places of the two laft are as yet
unknown; they all grow and are nurfed up with us
in Gardens only.

IX. The Times. The three firft Species do Flow-
er in April, the two laft Kinds in May.

CHAP. CCCXCV.
O/JACINTH Oriental Single.

I.'T' H E Names. It is called in Greek "raw -8©-
JL dmntMit, in Latine Hyacinthus Orientalis,
in Englijh The Oriental Jacinth.

II. The Kinds. Of this there are eight leveral
Species, viz. 1. Hyacinthus Orient alls Brum alts, five
Pratcox Flore a/bo. The White Winter Oriental Ja-
cinth. 2. Hyacinthus Orienla/is Brttma/is, five Prat-
cox Flore Furpureo vel Catruleo, The Purple Winter
Oriental J*imh. a. Hyacinthus Orient alts major
pratcox, diSus Zumbul Indi, t S' Indicum, alfo cor-
ruptly Simboline-, the Turks call all Jacinths Zum-
bul, and by adding the Title of Arabi, or lndi , (hew
from what place they originally came, The Greateft
Oriental Jacinth. 4. Hyacinthus Orientalis vulgaris
diverforum Colorum, The Ordinary Oriental Jacinth.

, . Hyacinthus Orientalis Flore Purpurea Violaceo Li-
neis albicantis in dorfo. The Purplifh Violet Oriental
Jacinth. 6. Hyacinthus Orientalis Floribus antror-
fum refpicientibus , The Oriental Jacinth whofe Flow-
C c c c 2 ers

Salmon s ‘Herbal.

Lib. 1.

ers open all one way. 7. Hyacintbus Orient alls fe-
rolini/s iloribus erettis diver forum colorum , The late
Flowering Oriental Jacinth. 8. Hyacintbus Oncn-
talis Voliofo Caule , The Bufliy or Leafy Stalked Ori-
ental Jacinth.

Jacinth Oriental Winter Purple or Blew.

fends forth green Leaves , ( which are in all ref pells
like to the Ordinary Oriental Jacinths, but fmething
narrower ) before Winter, and fometimes is in its
Flower alio in the middle or begining of Winter,
and is in form and color a plain White Oriental Ja-
cinth, but fomewhat letter, differing in no other par-
ticulars, but in the time of its Flowering, which is
always certain to be long before the other Kinds.

IV. The fecond. , or Purple Winter Oriental Ja-
cinth. In its Root , Stalk , Leaf , and flower, it is
like to, and Jhews it felf to be of the Stock or Kindred
of Oriental Jacinths •, the difference of color in this
Flower makes it to be diftinguifhed chiefly, . and it
is, as the former, more early than the reft which fol-
low i this feems to be the very felf fame Kind with
the former, living that this has fine blewifh purple
Flowers, whereas that has white.

V. The third, or Greateft Oriental Jacinth. The
Root of this Jacinth is ufually greater than any other
of its Kind, and mofi commonly white on the out fide,
from which rife up one or two great round Stalks,
fpotted from within the Ground, with the lower
part of the Leaves alfo upward to the middle of the
Stalks, or rather higher, like unto the Stalks of
Dragons, but darker, being fet among a number of
broad, long, and fomewhat hollow green Leaves, al-
moft as large as the Leaves of the White Lilly -, at
the tops of the Stalks Hand more ftore of Flowers
than in any other of this Kind, every Flower being as
great as the greateft fort of Oriental Jacinths, end-
ing in fix Leaves, which turn at the points, of a fair
blewifh purple color, and all ftanding many times on
one fide of the Stalks, and many times on both fides.

VI. The fourth, or Ordinary Oriental Jacinth. It
has a Root which is great, and white on the out fide,
and oftentimes purplifh alfo , flat at the bottom and-
fmall at the head-, it has many green Leaves, long,
fomewhat broad, and hollow, from among which
rifes up a long, green, round Stalk, befet from the
middle thereof almoft with feveral Flowers, ftand-
ing on both fides of the Stalks one above another
unto the top, each of which next unto the Footftalk
is long , hollow , round , and clofe , ending in fix
fmall Leaves, laid open, and a little turning at the
points, of a very fweet fmell •, the Colors of thefe
Flowers are divers, for fome are pure white, with-
out a (hew of any other color in them, another is al-
moft white, having a lhew of blewnefs, efpecially at
the brims and bottoms of the Flowers, others are
again of a very faint blufh, tending towards a white,
fome are of as deep a purple as a Violet, others of
a purple, tending to rednefs, and fome fo pale a
blew, as it were more white than blew^ after the
Flowers are paft threefquare Heads appear, bearing
round black Seed, great and filming •, this is called
the Common Oriental Jacinth , becaufe it is now fo
plentifully to be found in all Gardens, that it is not
very much efteemed ^ of this Species are the three
next following forts.

VII. The fifth, or Purple Violet Oriental Jacinth.
It is very much like the fourth Kind, but its Flowers
are of a deep purplifh Violet color, having whitifh
lines down the back of every Leaf of the Flower,
which turn themfelves a little backwards at the
points.

VIII. T be fixth, or Oriental Jacinth whofe Flow-
ers open all one way. This in its Root, Stalk, and
Leaves, is like the fourth Species aforegoing, but in
this it differs, viz. that its Flowers Hand and open
all one way, and not on all fides, as feveral other
Jacinths do, and are therefore herein like to the
Great Zumbul Indi before deferibed.

IX. The feventh, or Late Flowering Oriental Ja-
cinth. This, which feems to be a Species alfo of the
fourth Kind, Flowers later than-all the reft of them,

and

Chap. 396. TLagHfh Herbs . 565

apd the Flowers are fmalier, and ftand more upright,
and they are either white or blew, or mix’d with
white and purple.

X. The eighth , or Bufhy or Leafy Stalked Orien-
tal Jacinth. This fi range Jacinth has its Roots ,
Leaves , and Flowers, like unto the former Oriental
Jacinths, but the chief difference is in this , that its
Stalk is not bare or naked, but has very narrow long
Leaves, growing upon it difperfedly and without
order, with the Flowers thereon, which are blew,
and having for the molt part one Leaf, and fome-
times two at the foot, or letting on of every Flower,
yet fometimes it chances fome Flowers to be with-
out any Leaf at the bottom, as it pleafes Nature,
which in this Plant is very variable; the Heads and
Seed are black and round, like to thofe of the other
Jacinths.

XI. The P laces. All thefe Plants have been
brought to us out of Turfy , and from Conftantino-
ple , but the place of their true original is fcarcely
known, with us they grow only in Gardens.

XII. The Times. The two firft Flower the ear-
lieft, fometimes before Chriflmas , but more ufually
after, and thro’ the whole Month of January , and
later fometimes, they abide a great while in Flower,
and in great beauty, more efpecially if the Weather
is mild, when few or fcarcely any other Flowers are
able to appear •, the third Kind Flowers alfo earlier
than any of thofe which follow ; the other Ordinary
Kinds Flower fome from the middle to the end of
February , fome in March , and fome in April.

CHAP. CCCXCVI.

O/JACINTH Oriental Double.

I.'-y' H E Names. It is called in Greek 'Txr.irB©-

X aiimrinh Saw, in Latina Hyacinthus Orien-
t all's duplex , Hyacinthus Orient alls tlore duplici, \ in
Enghfh Tlx Double Oriental Jacinth.

II. The Kinds. This Double Kind is threefold,
vie. 1 . Hyacinthus Orient alis Tlore duplici , The Once
Double Bleak Oriental Jacinth. 1. Hyacinthus Ori-
ent alis Tlore pleno Cttruleo vel Vurpuro Violnceo , The
Fair Double Blew or Purple Oriental Jacinth. 3.
Hyacinthus Orient alis Tlore pleno candidijjimus, The
Pure White Double Oriental Jacinth.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft,, or Once Dou-
ble Oriental Jacinth, has 'a bulbous Root, like the for-
mer Single Kinds, it has feveral long Leaves, like
unto the other Oriental Jacinths almoft, (landing
upright, among which riles up a Stalk, brownhh
at firft, but growing green afterwards, bearing many
Flowers at the top, imade like the Flowers of the
former Jacinths , and ending in fix Leaves, green at
the firft, and of a blewifil white when they are open,

et retaining fome iliew of greenneis in them, the
rims of the Leaves being white; from the midft of
each Flower Hands forth another (mail Flower, con-
fining of three Leaves, of the fame color with the
other Flower, but with a green line on the back of
each of thefe inner Leaves ; in the middle of this
little Flower fome Threads ftand, which are tipt
with black ; the fmell of this Flower is not fo fweet
as thofe of the former Single Kinds , but the Heads
and Seed are very like to them.

IV. The feemd. , or Fair Double Blew or Purple
Oriental Jacinth. The Leaves of thefe Jacinths are

[mailer than the Leaves of mofl of the other Oriental
Sorts, whether Single or Double, the Stalks are
■hotter and fmalier, bearing but three or four Flow-
ers on the Heads of them for the moil part, which
are not compofed like the lail, .but are more fair,
full, and double of Leaves, where they fnew out
their full beauties, and of a fair blew color in fome,
and purple in others, fuelling pretty Ivveet, but
thefe do feldom bear our their Flowers fair, and be-
fides have feveral other Flowers, which will be ei-
ther fingle or very little double upon the very fame
Stalk.

The third , or Pure White Double Oriental Ja-
cinth. This Double White Flower or Plant has its
Leaves like unto the Single White Oriental Jacinth
tn the former Chapter , _ its Stalk is likewife long,
(lender, and green, bearing at the top two or three
Flowers at moll, very double, and full of Leaves,
of a pure white color, without any other mixture
therein, hanging down their Heads a little, and of a
reafonable fweet fmell.

VI. The F laces. They came hither from Con-
jiantimple , but which is their native place of. growth
is uncertain, With us they are only nurfed up in
Gardens.

VII. The Tunes. Some of them Flower in March ',
and fome in April , and lome fooner, like as fome of
the latter Single Kinds do.

CHAP. CCCXCVII.

| O/JACINTH Summer.

Vl ' TIE Names. It is called in Greek 'yueubur

X Bteivoi, in Latine Hyacinthus JEJlivns , and in
Eng/i/h Summer Jacinth.

II. The Kinds. There are five Kinds of the Sum-
mer Jacinth, vie. three Small Oriental Summer Ja-
cinths, and two Starry Summer Jacinths. 1. Hya-
cinthus tfifpanictts minor Orient alis facie , Hyacin-
thus Qrientalis ferotinus minor. The Little Summer
Oriental Jacinth. 2. Hyacinthus Hifpanicus minor
Tlore albo. The Small White Summer Oriental Ja-
cinth. 3. Hyacinthus Hifpanicus minor Tlore ruben-
le. The Small reddilh Colored Oriental Jacinth. 4.
Hyacinthus Stel/atus JEJlivus major , Hyacinthus
Lufitanicus major. The Greater Summer Starry Ja-
cinth. 5. Hyacinthus Stellatus JEJUvus minoy, Hy-
acinthus Lufitanicus minor. The Lelfer Summer
Starry Jacinth.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Little-Sum-
mer Oriental Jacinth. It has a bulbous Root, which
is [mall and white,: from which xifes up four or five
long, narrow, green Leaves, lying upon the Ground,
among which rifes up a llender' ihiooih Stalk, about
a Span high, or more, bearing at the top many {len-
der bleak blew Flowers, with fome white [tripes
and edges to be feen in moil of them, fafilioned ve-
ry like unto the Flowers of the' Oriental Jacinth,
but much fmalier ; the Flowers have no fmell at all,
and the Seed is like the Seed of the Englilh Jacinth,
or Haresbells.

IV. The fecond, or Small White Summer Orien-
tal Jacinth. This feems to be of the fame Kind with
the former, being in Root , Leaf Stalk , Flower, and
manner of growing , the fame with it, and differs no-
thing therefrom but in the color of the Flower,
which is purely white.

V. TU

Salmon s Herbal Lib, 1.

V. The third , or Small reddifh Colored Oriental
Jacinth. ft ft another of the fame Kind, whofe Flow-
ers arc of a fine delayed color , with fome deeper co-
lored Veins running along the three outward Leaves
of the Flower, and differing in no other particulars
from the firft of thefe Summer Jacinths.

VI. 'I he fourth , or Greater Summer Starry Jacinth.
It has a Root which is round and white , having fame
long thick Roots under it, befides the Fibres , as is
if uni in many other Jacinths; from this Root riles
up feveral narrow green Leaves, lying upon the
Ground, fomewhat like the Leaves of the Englijh
Jacinth, or Hare shells, but ftiffer and ftronger, a-
mong which rifes up a round ftiff Stalk, bearing
many Flowers at the top thereof, and at every fbot-
ftalk of the Flowers a fmall Ihort Leaf, of a pur-
plifh color ; the Flowers are Star-like, of a fine de-
layed purplilh color, tending to a pale Blew, or
Afh Color, ftriped on the back of every Leaf, and
having a pointed Umbone in the middle, with fome
whitilh purple Threads about it tipt with blew *
the Seed is black, round, and Ihining, like unto the
Seed of the Englijh Jacinth , or Haresbells, but not
full out fo big.

VII. The fifth, or Leffer Summer Starry Jacinth.
It has a fmall bulbous Root, and white, covered with
a brown Coat, and having fome fuel i thick Roots a-
mong the Fibres as are among the others this Leffer
Jacinth has feveral very long, narrow, and Ihining
green Leaves, fpread upon the Ground round about
the Root, from among which rifes a very Ihort
round Stalk, not above two or three Inches high,
bearing fix or feven fmall Flowers thereon on each
fide of the Stalk, like both in form and color unto
the Greater Summer Jacinth before deferibed, but
leffer by far; the Seed is black, and contained in
three cornered Heads or Husks.

VIII. The Places. The firft three have been ga-
thered on the Pyrenean Mountains, on thole fides
next to Spain, from whence they have been brought
to us ; the fourth and fifth grow naturally in Portu-
gal, and from thence have been tranfplanted into our
Gardens.

IX. The Times. The firft three Flower very late
in refpeft to the Early Flowering Jacinths, vie. in
May or June for the moft part-, the two latter
Flower alfo in May, towards the latter end of it,
and fometimes alfo in June, and their Seed is ripe
in July.

is reaf enable great, and white on the out fide, with
many ft rang white Fibres at it,' which perifh not Pear-
ly as the Fibres of many other Jacinths do-, it fprings
late out of the Ground, bearing four or five Ihort,
hollow, and loft, whitilh green Leaves, with a
white line in the middle of every one of them, from
among which rife up one or more Stalks, bearing fe-
veral Flowers at their tops, all looking one way,
or (landing on one fide, hanging down their heads,
confifting of fix Leaves, three of which, being the
, outwardmoft, lay open their Leaves and turn back
their ends a little, the other three Leaves, which are
innermoft, do as it were clofe together in the mid-
dle of the Flower, without laying themfelves open
at all, being a little whitilh on the edges; the
whole Flower is of a purplilh yellow color, with
fome white and green as it were mixed amongft it,
of no fmell at all -, after the Flowers are paft great
three cornered and bunched out Heads or Husks
come in their places, which contain black and flat
Seed ; this Plant as it fprings up late, fo it keeps its
green Leaves almoft until Winter.

IV. The fecond, or. Barbary Brown Colored Ja-
cinth. This Plant in its Root, Leaves, Stalks, Flow-
ers, Seed, and manner of its growing, and in all
other refpe&s (except its magnitude) is very like the
former, nor does it differ at all from it, but that
this is every ways much greater.

V. Tlje third, or ./Ethiopian Dun or Dusky Co-
lored Jacinth. Its Root is bulbous , and like the for-
mer, its Leaves are ftronger and greener than it, and
the Stalk alfo thicker, bearing divers Flowers, con-
fufedly Handing upon longer footftalks, yet made
hfter the fame fafhion, but that the three inner
Leaves are whitilh, and dented about the edges, ©-
therwife the Flowers are greenifli on the infid e.

VI. The Places. The native Country of the firft
of thefe is Spain, the fecond is a native of Barbary,
growing about Fez and Morocco, the third is a na-
tive of 2 Ethiopia , and was brought hither from the
Cape of Goodhope -, with us they are only nurled up
in Gardens.

VI r. The Times. The firft Flowers not until June ,
becaufe it fprings late out of the Ground, as afore-
faid, holding its green Leaves all September, the
Seed ripening in the mean feafon ; ana much about
the fame times the other two Flower and Seed.

CHAP, cccxcix.

CHAP. CCCXCVIII.

0/ J A C I N T H Starry Common.

Of JACINTH Dun or Brown.

l.'Tp H E JCames. It is called in Greek fr dyav^Gr
X *cucf, in Latino Hyacinthus fufeus vel obfo-
Irtus, in Englifh The Dun or Brown Colored Jacinth.

II. The Kinds. There are three Species of this
Plant, viz. i. Hyacinthus Hifpanicus Colons obfole-
tioris, Hyacinthus Hifpanicus obfoletus vel fufeus.
The Spanifh Dun or Brown Colored Jacinth. 2.
Hyacinthus Mauritanicus fufeus vel obfoletus , The
Barbary Brown Colored Jacinth. 3. Hyacinthus
JEtbiopicus fufeus vel obfoletus, Hyacinthus JEthio-
picus maximus. The ./Ethiopian Dun or Dusky Co-
lored Jacinth.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft , or Spanifh Dun
or Brown Colored Jacinth, has a bulbous Root, which

1/ J"' H £ Names. It is called in Greek *r <fo/*8©-'

X aVe/s/f, in Latine Hyacinthus Stellatus, and
in Englijh The Starry Jacinth.

II. The Kinds. There are fix generick Species
of the Starry Jacinths , viz. 1 . Hyacinthus St Hiatus
JEftivus, three Species of which we have already
Treated of among the Summer Jacinths in Chap. 3 97.
aforegoing. 2. Hyacinthus Ste/latus Communis, The
Common Starry Jacinth, of which in this Chapter.
3. Hyacinthus St e llat us Americanus , The Ajnerican
Starry Jacinth, of which in Chap. 400. 4. Hyacin -
thus Stellatus Byzantinus, The Turky Starry Jacinth,
of which in Chap. 401. 5. Hyacinthus Stellatus
Autumnalis* The Autumn Starry Jacinth, df wlrich
in Chap. 402. 6. Hyacinthus Stellatus LifftfiuS,
The Lilly Leav’d Starry Jacinth, of which )Ve ffiall
Treat in Ch$p. 403. following.

J Ifl. TO

Chap. 199. Euglijh Herbs.

561

III. l hi Kinds of the Common Starry Jacinth. Of
this there are’feven Species or Sorts, viz. 1.

80- dsez.ui J'mtaSM' Hyacintbus Stellatus Communis
vcl Vulgaris , five Bifo/ius Fuchftj , Hyactnthus Stel-
latus Fuchftj , Hyacintbus Stellatus Germanicus , The
Common Blew Starry Jacinth. 2. Hyactnthus Stel-
latus Wore a/bo. The White Flowered Starry Jacinth.
2. Hyacintbus Stellatus Vlore rubente , The Blufh
Colored Starry Jacinth. 4. Hyacintbus Stellatus
Martins , five Prscox Cjtruleus , The Early Blew
Starry Jacinth, y. Hyacintbus Stellatus pratcox Flo-
re u/fo, The White Early Starry Jacinth. 6. Hya-
cintbus Stellatus Wore Niveo , vel albijjimo , The
Purdy White Starry Jacinth. 7. Hyacintbus Stel-
latus pracox Wore fuave rubente , The Early Blufh
Colored Starry Jacinth.

IV. The Defcriptions. T he firft , «• Common

Blew Starry Jacinth. Its Root is bulbous , fomewhat
long , covered with ayellomifh Coat ; it rifes out

of the Ground commonly with hut two brown
Leaves, yet fometimes with three, inclofing within
them the Stalk of Flowers, the Buds appearing of a
dark whitifh color as foon as the Leaves open them-
felves, which Leaves being grown ate long and hol-
low, of a whitifh green on the upper fide, and
brown on the under fide, and half round, the brown
Stalk riling up higher, bearing five or fix fmall Star
like Flowers, confifting of fix Leaves, of a fair deep
blew, tending to a purple ; the Seed is yellowifh
and round, contained in round pointed Heads or
Husks, which by realon of their heavinefs and the
weaknefs of the Stalk lie upon the Ground, and of
ten perifh with Wet and Froft ; this Starry Jacinth
has been longeft known, and is the moft common.

V. The fecond, or White Flowered Starry jacinth.
This White Kind for its Leaves like the former, but
green andfrejh , not brown , and alfo a little narrow-
er ; the Buds for the Flowers appear at firft a little
blufh, but when they are blown they are white, but
yet retain in them a finall (hew of that blufh color.

VI. The third , or Blufh Colored Starry Jacinth.
This in its Root , Leaves , a. Stalk, is exatl/y like
the former, and differs nothin; herefrom but in the
Flowers, which are of a fair blufh color, much more
eminent than in the others, in all other particulars
it is exactly alike.

VII. The fourth, or Fatly Blew Starry Jacinth. Its
Root is bulbous, and a little whiter than the others
on the out fide ; its Leaves are alfo a little broader,
of a frefher green, and not brown at all, as the firft
Blew Jacinth aforegoing is; the Buds of the Flow-
ers while they are inclofed within the Leaves, and
after when the Stalk is grown up, do remain more
blew than the Buds of the former ; the Flowers
when they are blown open are like the former, bur
fomething larger, and of a more lively blew color;
this Kind of Jacinth does more leldom bear Seed
than the others aforegoing.

VIII. The fifth, or White Early Starry Jacinth.
This is alfo one other of the fourth Kind, the green
Leaves whereof are a little narrower than the for-
mer, and its Flowers ate purely white, in any other
relpeft ’there is no difference from it at all.

IX. The fixth, or Purely White Starry Jacinth.
This feems to be a Species of the fecond Kind afore-
going, its Leaves are of a pale frefh green, and a
little narrower than thofe, and its Flowers are (mai-
ler than them, and of a pure Snow white color.

X. T befeventb, or Early Blufh Colored Starry
Jacinth. The Root is bulbous, and like to the other
Starry Jacinths; the Leaves differ not from the fifth
Kind, or White Early Slurry Jacinth, and its Flow-
ers are blufh colored, and as large as thofe of the
fifth Kind, and fomewhat larger than the Flowers
of the fourth Kind; this Blufh Colored Jacinth is ve-
ry rare, but it is very pleafant.

XI. The Places. All thefe Jacinths have been
found in the Woods and Mountains of Auftria, Bo-
hemia, Germany, &c. as Fuchfius and Gefncr affirm,
and in Italy, near Naples, as Imperatus and others
fay, but with us they are all of them nutfed up in
Gardens, more efpecially the White and Blufh Kinds,
for that they are more tender, and therefore require
the more care to keep them from perifhing.

XII. The Times. The firft, fecond, and fixth
Kinds Flower much about the middle of February,
if the Weather is mild and gentle, the other Kinds
about fourteen or twenty days after, viz. in March,
but many times as early as the firft three.

CHAP. CCCC.

Of JACINTH Starry Peruvian.

1/ I 'HE Names. It is called in Greek 'TdasliQ-
JL deed m icr.-leji, in Latinc Hyacintbus Eriopho -
rus , vel Hyacintbus Laniterus , Eriophorus Perua-
nus, Hyacintbus Stellatus Peruanus vel America nits,
Hyacintbus Peruanus , Hyacintbus Stellatus Batticits ’
in Enghjh The American or Peruvian Starry Ja-
cinth, and The Spanijh Starry Jacinth.

II. The Kinds. We make four feveral Species of
this Plant, viz. 1. Hyacintbus Stellatus Curuleus
Peruanus major , Hyacintbus Cxruleus Stellatus Bce-
ticus major, Hyacintbus Cxruleus Americanus major.
The Greater Blew Starry American or Peruvian Ja-
cinth, The Greater Blew Starry Spanifli Jacinth. 2.
Hyacintbus Stellatus Peruanus Wore a/bo, Hyacin-
tbus Stellatus Albus Btcticus, The Great White Pe-
ruvian

568 Salmon j* Herbal. Lib. f.

hi via n Starry Jacinth, The Great Spanifh White
Starry Jacinth. 3. Hyacinthus Stellatus Peruanus
Flore Cameo , Hyacinthus Stellatus Baticus Flore Car-
7100 , The Great Blufh Colored Starry American or
Peruvian Jacinth, The Great Blufh Colored Starry
Spanifh Jacinth. 4. Hyacinthus Eriophcrus \ five
J ani ferns. Bulb us Eriophorus vel Laniferus , The
Woolly Jacinth.

Great Blew Starry Jacinth of Peru.

111. The Defcriptions. The firft , or Greater
Blew Starry American or Peruvian' or Spanifh Ja-
cinth. It has a great bulbous Root , and jomewhat
yellow ifh on the out fide , with a knob or bunch at the
lower end of the Root , ('which is called the feat of the
Root ) like unto that of the Mufcari, or Scylla, and
■many other bulbous Roots , from which hang down fe-
ver al white , thick, and long Fibres , by which it is
faftened into the Ground, which perifh not every Tear,
but abide continually, and therefore does not deftre
much removing from this Root fpring up five or fix
or more very broad and very long green Leaves,
fpread upon the Ground round about the Root,
which being broken are woolly, or full of very fine
Fibres, (whence came part of the Greek Name) from
the middle of thefe Leaves rifes up a round fhort
Stalk, (in companion of the greatnefs of the Plant,
(for the Stalk of the Oriental Jacinth is fometimes
twice as high, whofe Root is not fo great) bearing
at the top a great Head or Bufh of Flowers, fafhion-
ed in the begining, before they are blown or fepara-
ted, very like to a 'Cone, or Fine- Apple-, they begin
to Rower below, and fo upwards by degrees, every
Flower Handing upon a long blackifh blew footftalk,
Which when they are blown open are of a perfect
blew color, tending to a Violet, and made of fix
fmall Leaves laid open like a Star ^ the Threads like-
wife are blewifh, tipt with yellow Pendents, Hand-
ing about the middle Head, which is of a deep blew,
not having any pleafant fmell to be perceived in it,
but commendable only for the beauty of theFlow-
ers ^ after the Flowers are pall threefquate or cor-
nered Heads come in their places, containing round
black Seed •, this Jacinth is the greateft of rhofe
whofe Flowers are fpread like a Star, except the

two firlt American ones deferibed in Chap. 391.
aforegoing.

IV. The fecond, or Great White Peruvian Jacinth.
T he Roots tind Seed of this are like unto the former,
fo it is a/fo in mojl of its other parts, but that its
Leaves are not fo large, nor of fo deep a green, the
Stalks of Flowers likevrife have not fuch thick Heads
or Bullies on it, but the Flowers are fewer and thin-
ner iet ; the Flowers themfelves alfo are whitifh,
yet having a fmall dafh of blufh in them, and the
Threads are whitifh, tipt with yellow Pendents,
thefe are the chief particulars in which it differs
from the former.

V. The third, or Great Blufh Colored Starry Ame-
rican or Peruvian Jacinth. This is found growing
among the other, and differs but little from the two
former , but only in the color of the flowers, for this
has its Head of Flowers as great and large as the
firft, but the Buds of its Flowers before they are
open are of a deep blufh color, which being com-
pleatly opened are more delayed, and of a pleafant
pale purple or blufh color, handing upon purplifh
Footftalks; the Heads in the middle are whitifh,
and fo are the Threads encompaffing it, tipt with
yellow.

VI. The fourth , or Woolly Jacinth. Its Root is
bulbous and white, fomewhat like to the Root of a
Mufcari, which is or full ofWooll or fine fibres at
the Leaves, or rather more than they, or any other
part of it ; this Woolly Jacinth has many broad,
long, and fair green Leaves, very like unto fome of
the Jacinths , but (lifter, or (landing more upright
which being broken do yield a multitude of imall^
fine, foft Fibres, as if a little fine Cotton Wooll
was drawn out, from among thefe Leaves rifes up a
long, round, green Stalk, a Foot and half high, or
more, on which is fet a great long Bufh of Flowers,
which blowing open by degrees, firft below, and fo
upwards, are very long in flowering ; the top of the
Stalk with the Flowers, and their little fmall Foor-
ftalks, are all blew, every Flower Handing outright
with its Stalk, and fpreading like a Star, divided
into fix Leaves, having many fmall blew Threads
Handing about the middle Head, which, as far as is
yet dilcovered, never yet gave ripe Seed.

VII. The Places. The firft has been formerly Na-
med Eriophorus Peruanus, and Hyacinthus Stellatus
Peruanus, The Starry Jacinth of Peru, and the three
firft are generally known and received by the Name
of Hyacinthus Peruanus , for which reafon we alfo
have retained it; but all the firft three grow natu-
rally in Spain, in the Meadows not far from the
Sea, as alfo in the Ifland of Gades, commonly cal-
led Gales, as likewife in other parts along the Sea
fide going from thence to Port St. Maria, which
when they are in Flower grow fo thick together,
that they feem to cover the Ground, as Guil. BocI
affirms, who fays that himfelf gathered thefe and
many others in the places named with his own
Hands, but faying withal that the White and Blufh
Colored are far more rare than the Blew , or firft
Kind; yet notwithftanding all that has been hither-
to laid, it is very probable that they have been found
growing alfo in Peru, otherwife they could never
have fo generally obtained that Name' with us they
are only nurfed up in Gardens; tire fourth has ma-
ny times been fent out of larky into England, where
in our Gardens it has ftourilhed for a long time, as
well as feveral others ; 'tis poffible that that in The-
ophrajhts Lib. 7. Cap. 13. is this very Plant, where
he declares that Garments were made of the woolly
fubllance of a bulbous Root taken from between the
Core or Heart of the Root and the outermoft Coats
or Peelings; but C/ufitis will have this Bttlbus Erio-

phorus,

Chap. 401. ‘Englijh Herbs. 5 69

phorus , or Lhniferus , or IFW/y Jacinth , to be a Spe-
cies of the firft Kind in this Chapter, for which rea-
fon we have put it in this place among the Peruvi-
an Kinds, it being a Jacinth both in its Root, Leaf,
and Flower.

VIII. The Tunes. The firft three Flower in May,
and the Seed is ripe in July ; the fourth Flowers not
often, and is rare to be feen Flowering with us, but
when it does Flower it Flowers alfo in the Month
of May, as the others do.

CHAP. CCCCI.

Of JACINTH Starry Turky.

I.'“pv H E Names. It is called in Greek 'ToU/fS©-,
JL es&us B in Latine Hyacinthus Stella
Jus Byzantinus , and in Englifh The Turky Starry
Jacinth , The Starry Jacinth of Conftantinople.

II. The Kinds. There are four Species of this
Plant, viz. 1. Hyacinthus Stellatus Byzantinus Ra-
dice nigra , The Turky Starry Jacinth with a black
Root. 2. Hyacinthus Stellatus Byzantinus major.
The Greater Starry Jacinth of Conftantinople. 3.
Hyacinthus Stellatus Byzantinus alter , Hyacinthus
Wore Boraginis , The other Turky Starry Jacinth, or
Starry Jacinth of Conftantinople. 4. Hyacinthus
Stellatus Conftantinopolitanus Flore Cinereo , Hyacin-
thus Stellaris Somcri , The Turky Aih Colored Star-
ry Jacinth, or Somer’s Starry Jacinth.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Turky Star-
ry Jacinth with a black Root. It has a Root which
for the moft part does run downwards , fomething deep
into the Ground , from which rife up feveral frefh,
green, thin, and long Leaves, of the bignefs of the
Englijh Jacinth , but not fo long, between which ri-
fes up a Render low Stalk, bearing five or fix Flow-
ers, difperfedly fet thereon, fpreading open like a
Star, of a pale or bleak blew color ^ the Leaves of
the Flowers are lomewhat long, and ftand as it were
fomewhat loofely, one off from another, and not fo
compa&edly together as the Flowers of other Kinds ;
it feldom bears with us ripe Seed, becaufe the Heads

are lb heavy, that lying upon the Ground they rot
with the Wet, or are bitten with the Frofts, or
both, fo that they feldom come to good j the Root
is fmall in fome, and reafonable big in others, round
and long, white within, but covered with deep red-
difh or purplifh peelings next unto ir, and darker
and blacker purple on the outfide, with fome long
and thick white Fibres like Fingers hanging at the
bottom of them, as is to be feen in many other Ja-
cinths.

IV. The fecond , or Greater Starry Jacinth of Con- ®
ftantinople. The Root of this is like the former, fa-
ying that it is not black on the outfide , as the other ,

but three tunes bigger •, this Jacinth may truly be re-
ferred to the former Jacinth of Conftantinople , and
called the Greater , it is fo very like thereunto, that
any one who knows that cannot but know or think
that this is another of that fort, but greater, as it is
in all its parts, bearing larger Leaves by much, and
more ftore, lying upon the Ground round about the
Root ^ it bears many low Stalks of Flowers, as bleak
and Handing as loofely as the former.

V. The third, or Other Turky Starry Jacinth, or
Starry Jacinth of Conftantinople. Its Root is of a
dark whitijh color on the outfide, and fometimes a lit-
tle reddift) withal it has for the moft part only four
Leaves, broader and greener than the firft, but not
fo large or io long as the fecond ; the Stalk has five
or fix Flowers^upon it, bigger and rounder fet, like
other Starry Jacinths, of a more perfect or deeper
blew than either of the former, having a whitifh
green Umbone or Head in the middle, befet with
fix blew Chives or Threads tipt with black, fo clofe-
ly encompaffing the Umbone or Head, that the
Threads feem to be fo many pricks ftuck into a Club
or Head, fdme have therefore liken’d it to a Borage
Flower, and fo have called it ; after the Flowers are
paft come up round white Heads, in which is con-
tained round and white Seed.

VI. The fourth, or Turky Afli Colored Starry Ja-
cinth, or Somer’s Starry Jacinth. Its Root is like to
that of the Englifh Jacinth, or Haresbells, being
great , round, and white , fo like that it is hard to
know the one from the other-, its Leaves are alfo ve-
ry like to the Leaves of the Englifh Jacinth, and
fpread themlelves upon the Ground in the fame
manner, from among which rife . up one or two
Stalks, replenifhed at top with a number of fmall
Star like Flowers, bufhing out more below than
above, of a very pale or white Blew, tending to an
Afh Color, and very fweet in fmellj the Seed is
black and round, like unto the Seed of the Englijh
Jacinth , or Haresbells.

VII. The Tlaces. The Titles of the three firft
fhew you their native places, the third of them, as
Lobe l fays, was brought to England from Conftanti-
nople by the Lord Zouth -, the fourth Somers brought
from Conftantinople , or out of Italy, as Lobe l lays,
into the Low Countries, from whence it has been
brought to us, but they all tlourifh admirably well
in our Gardens.

VIII. The Times. The firft of thefe Flower ear-
lier than the other three, and prefendy after the
Early Starry Jacinth ■, the three laft Flower ail of
them in April.

D d d d CHAP,

57°

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. 1.

CHAP. CCCCII.

Of JACINTH Starry Autumn.

i.’-jf HE Karnes. It is called in Greek 'rdy.tri&

JL eir&its 07rtk>£iv°fi in Kit me 'Hyacinthus St e list us
Autumnal is ^ and in Englifh The Autumn Starry Ja-
cinth. .

II. The Kinds. There are three Species of this
Plant, viz. I. Hyacinth its St e llat us Autumnalis ma-
jor, The Greater Autumn Starry Jacinth. 2. Hya-
cinth us Stella! us Autumnalis minor , The Leffer Au-
tumn Starry Jacinth. 5. Hyacinthus St e llat us Au-
tumnalis Wore albo minor , The Leffer Autumn Star-
ry Jacinth with white Flowers.

III. An Obfervation. Dalechampius with many
Words would have us to believe that thefe Plants,
can be no Jacinths , becaufe their Flowers appear
belore their Leaves in Autumn , contrary to the true
Jacinth , as he fays, and therefore will have it to be
the Bulbus of Tbeophrajhts Lib. 1. Cap. 12. which he
calls his Ttphyum (there mentioned) as alfo hulbus
JEftivus Dalccbampij h this miy carry fome probabi-
lity with it, yet the likenefs of both Roots, Leaves,
and Flowers, have perfwaded very Learned Botanifts
to believe them to be true Jacinths , and fo we take
them in this place.

Head in the middle, which in time growing ripe
contain therein fmall, black, and roundifh Seed.

V. The fecond , or Leffer Autumn Starry Jacinth.
This Leffer Jacinth has a bulbous Root like others ,
which fends forth Rich like long and fmall Leaves
as the former, but narrower, the Stalk is not full
out fo high, but bears as many Flowers on it as the
other, which are of a pale or bleak purple color,
very like to it alfo, as is the Seed too, but that it
is fmaller •, both thefe for the molt part bear their
Flowers and Seed before the green Leaves rife up
much above the Ground. .

VI. The third , or Leffer Autumn Starry Jacinth
with white Flowers. This in its Root , Stalky Flow-
ers , and Seed , as alfo in its manner of growing , dif-
fers nothing from the former Leffer Purple Kind loft
defcribed , excepting in the color of the Flowers , which
in this Plant are always white.

VII. The Places. The native places of the firft
and third are as yet unknown to us, where poffibly
they may grow wild, here they are only nurfed up
in Gardens •, the fecond grows wild in many places
of England , as on the foot of a high Bank by the
Thames fide at the hither end of Chelfea , before you
come at the Barge-Houfe , and other places, from
whence Plants have been taken for Gardens.

VIII. The Times. The firft or greateft Flowers
in the end of July^ and in Augufi , the other two In
Auguft and September j you fhall rarely fee any of
thefe Plants with Flowers and green Leaves together
at one time.

IV. The Defcriptions. Tim firft , or Greater Au-
tumn Starry Jacinth. It has a Root which is great ,
bulbous , and white on the out fide ^ from this Root
fpring up five or fix or more very long and narrow
green Leaves, lying upon the Ground ^ the Stalks
are furnifhed at top w ith many Star like Flowers,
of a pale blewifh. purple color, with fome pale co-
lored Threads tipt with blew Handing about the

CHAP. CCCCIIL

Of ) A C 1 N T H Starry Lilly
Leaved.

I.'T 'HE Karnes. It is called in Greek 'T

1 drym tetetc$vKmv6s, in Latinc Hyacinthus Stel-
Iatus Lilifolius , and in Englift) Lilly Leaved Starry
Jacinth.

If. The Kinds. There are three feveral Species
of this Plant, viz. 1. Hyacinthus Stellat us Lilifolius
Flore Cxruleo , Hyacinthus Stellat us C&ruleus Lilifo-
lio Ef Radice , The Blew Flow;ered Lilly Leaved and
Lilly Rooted Starry Jacinth, (its Root being as like
to a Lilly Root as its Leaves to Lilly Leaves.) 2.
Hyacinthus Stellat us Lilifolius a lb us , vel Lilifolius
Flore albo , The White Flowered Lilly Leaved Starry
Jacinth. 3. Hyacinthus Stellat us Lilifolius Flore
Carneo , The Blufh Colored Lilly Leaved Starry Ja-
cinth. Now becaufe the Roots of thefe Plants as
well as the Leaves are fo very like to a Lilly , they
have been called Hyacinthus Stellat us Lilt folio &
Radice , but for brevity fake Hyacinthus St ell at us Li-
lifolius , The Lilly Leaved Starry Jacinth. Clufius
fays that the People who Dwell near its native place
of growth call it Sarahug.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft , or Blew Flow-
ered Lilly Leaved Starry Jacinth. It has a Root
which is bulbous , longifh , big below and fmall above ,
like unto the fmall Root of a Lilly, and compofed of
yellow Scales , as a Lilly, but the Scales are greater
and fewer in number •, from thH Root rife up fix or
feven broad green Leaves, fomewhat like unto Lilly
Leaves, (from whence it took part of its Name, as
well as from the Root) fpread upon the Ground,

Chap. 40 q. HflgUJb Herbs.

and lying clofe and round ; before the Stalk rifes
out from the middle of tliefe Leaves there does ap-
pear a deep hollow place, like a hole, to be feen a
good while, which at length is filled up with the
Stalk, riling up to a Foot or more in height, bear-
ing many Star like Flowers at top, of a perfect blew
color, near unto a Violet, and fometimes of a paler
or bleak blew color, having as it were a fmall Cup
in the middle, divided into fix pieces, without any
Threads therein -, the Seed is black and round, but
not fhining.

IV. T he fecond, or White Flowered Lilly Leaved,
Starry Jacinth. T bit Plant in its Root , Leaves ,
Stalk, plotaer, Seed, and manner of growing , is whol-
ly like the former , (fo that all the aforefaid deferip.

1 ton may here be avoided) that we may not fay the
fame thing over again; but there is fomething in
which it varies, and that is in the color of the Flow-
ers, which in this is white, whereas the former is!
blew, and that is all the difference.

V. The third, or Blulh Colored Lilly Leaved
Starry Jacinth. This Plant is like alfo to the jirft
and fecond before deferibed in all the parts of the
fame, and in the magnitude and manner of its grow--
tng, varying only in the color of the Flowers, for
whereas they are blew in the firlt and white in the
l'econd, thefe are of a blulh color, which is the
whole of the obferved difference.

VI. The Places. Thefe Jacinths have been found
Natives of the Pyrenean Hills, in that part of
prance called Aquitam , and in feveral other places

I have found them to grow plentifully in many
Plantations in Carolina , and other parts of the Weft
Indies ; but that with the white Flower is molt ulu-
al or common.

VII. The Times. They Flower in April, and
fometimes later, I have found them Flowering in
Carolina in March, and in April, as alfo in May,
and fometimes later if the Weather prove hard or
cold.

VIII. The Virtues. Authors have affigned to
them no Medical Virtues, but account them rather
as Poyfons, for that by Experience it has been found,
that Cattel who have eaten of the Leaves hereof
have prefently fwelled and fo died ; this I know,
that in Carolina if their Calves, young Bullocks,
or Cows eat thereof they are piefently taken with
a l'wimming, and in a Ihort time turn round with a
Vertigo, and then in a little time after it die, and all
this without Remedy, this I have feen; nor could I
find that they had any Cure for it, their Death be-
ing fo fudden: An Ointment orBalfam made of the
Roots is an excellent thing againft fcrophulous Sores
and Ulcers, and being duly applied cures them to a
Wonder.

J A M E S W 0 R T, See Ragwort.

CHAP. CCCCIV.
O/JEWSEARS.

I.'Tp H E Names. This Plant is called in Greek
X Mwew 'AxT«f, xj fLVKtts tLvnv&t in Latine Fungus
Sambuci , and fungus Sambucinus , Gummi Sambuct ,
and of fome Auricula Jud&, in Englifh Jewsears ,
alfo Mufhrcom of the Elder Tree.

II. The Kinds. It may well be accounted of the
Stock of Mufhrooms , as is alfo Agarick , but this
growing upon the Alder Tree is a Angular Species.

571

III. The Deferip cion. It Is an Excrefcence. , which
is foft, blackifh , covered with a Skin , or otherwife
like a thick Skin , fomewhat like now and than to a
Mans Ear , which being plucked o ff and dried /brink,*
together and becomes hard.

IV. The Places. It is found growing only upon
Elder Trees, and generally fuch as are old, in molt
places of this Kingdom.

V. The Times. They ought to be gathered when
they are come to their largenefs, or perfection, in
the fore part cf the day, in a fair and dry Seafon,
and in the Months of Auguft or September , when
they have participated of the full afeending Virtues
and Juices of the Tree.

VI. The Qualities. They are temperate in refpeCt
of heat or cold, and dry in the begining of the fe-
cond degree, they are Anodyn, Aftringent, and Dif-
cuflive, a little Repercuflive, and Vulnerary.

VII. The Specification , They are peculiar for cu-
ring the Quinfie, and other Tumors of the ‘Throat,
Almonds, and Jaws.

VIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from 1. A Decoction in Wine or Water. 2. A Com-
pound Decottion. %. A Cataplafm .

The Virtues.

IX. The Decottion in Wine or Water. It is ufed
as a Gargle to heal all Tumors or Swellings, and
Sores or Ulcers in the Mouth, Gums, Throat, Al-
monds, Pfc. thofe parts being wafhed or gargled
therewith three, four, five, or fix times a day as hot
as can be endured, by this means exquifite Quinfies
have been cured therewith, but in cafe of a Quinfie
the DecoCtion will be belt to be made in Vinegar,
adding thereto after it is boiled a fitting proportion
of Wine.

X. The Compound Decottion in Wine or Water.
Take Wine or Water three Pints , Jewsears , Elm
Bark bruifed , of each fix Drams , Columbine Leaves
half an Ounce , Madder three Drams , Cremor Tart a-
ri in pouder five Drams , Black Pepper in pouder

D d d d 2 half

572 Salmon s

half a Dram, boil to the confumption of three quar-
ters of a Pint , ft rain out y and keep the Decottion for
a Gargle , which you may dulcifie , or not , as the oc-
cdfion ; requires. Ic is an excellent Remedy for the
cure of a Quinfie, being ufed as hot as can be endu-
red, as alfo for any other Tumor of the Almonds,
or parts adjacent, and cures all lorts of Sores and
Ulc^s of the Mouth, Jaws, Gums, -Throat, or Al-
monds of the Ears •, it fo ftrengthens the Ifvula , or
Palate of the Mouth, that when it is down it re-
ftores it to its proper tone and ftate; it alfo takes
away vehement inhumations of thofe parts, they
being often gargled therewith.

XI. The Cataplafm . It is male by cutting the Au-
riculae or Fungi into very fmall bits , and then boiling
them in JV/ne, or in Vinegar , adding d little Barley
Flower to bring it to a confiflency. Applied out-
wardly to the Throat as hot as can be endured in
a Quinfie, (whiift the Deco&ions are ufed inwardly
as a Gargarifm) it much contributes to the abating
of the Inhumation and difeufiing of the Tumor; ap-
plied to any other recent Inhumation or Tumor
whillt in begining, in what part of the Body foever,
it cools, abates the inhumation, alleviates the pain,
and difeuffes the fwelling.

CHAP. CCCCV.

Of JOHNS W O II T Great Common,

0 R,

HYPERICON.

l.'TT'HE Karnes. It is called in Greek ,T«e«wi'»
l in Lat/ne Hypcricon , in Englijh Hypericon
alfo, and Johnswort ; the Arabians call it Reafricon ,
Reiojaricon , Henfericon , Nelifricon ,

II. The Kinds. There are two generick Kinds of
Hypericon , or Johnswort , viz. I. Hypericon vulga-
re , which feme have called Fuga D.emonum , i. e.
Drive Devil, and fome Androjxmum , becaufe the
Flowers yield a bloody color, and others Chamcepy-
tis , becaufe of the refinous fmell of the Seed, but
thefe are the proper Names of other Plants, this our
Hypencon (Treated of in this Chapter) is the True
Hypcricon of Diof corides , or Common Great Johns-
wort, as both the bloody color of the Flowers and
refinous fmell of the Heads and Seed do declare,
which are two principal Notes thereof. 2. Hypcri-
wn minus , The Leffer Hypericon, or Johnswort, of
which in Chap. 406. following.

III. The Defcription . Common Great Johnswort,
or Common Hypericon, has a Root which is bard
and woody , with divers Strings and Fibres at it , and
of a bre wnifh color, which abides in the Ground ma-
ny Tears, fhooting forth afrejh every Spring ; from
this Root (hoots forth brownifii, hard, upright,
round Stalks, about two Feet high, fpreading many
Branches from the fides up to their tops, having
two fmall Leaves fet one againft another at every
place, which are of a deep green color, fomething
like to the Leaves of the Leffer Centory , but narrow-
er, and full of fmall holes in every Leaf, which can-
not be fo well perceived as when they are held up
to the light-, at the tops of the Stalks and Branches
ftand yellow Flowers, confifting of five Leaves apiece,
with many yellow Threads in the middle, which
being bruifed do yield a reddifti Juice, like Blood,

Herhal. Lib. I.

after which do come fmall round Heads, in which is
contained fmall blackifh Seed, fmelling like Rofin,

Johnswort the Greater.

IV. The Places. It grows in Woods, Groves,
and Copfes, as well in Ihady places as in fuch as
are open to the San, in many parts of this King-
dom.

V. The Times. It Flowers about the latter end
of June , as alfo in July , and the Seed is ripe to-
wards the end of the lame Month, or the begining
of Augufl.

VI. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the fiift
degree, thin, and of fubtii parts, Anodyn, Digeftive,
Aperitive, Abfterfive, Diuretick, Difcnffive, Trau-
matick or Vulnerary, Neurotick, Stomatick, Ne-
phritick, Hyfterick, Arthritick, and Alexipharmick.

VII. The Specification. It is peculiar for curing
Wounds and Ulcers, Spitting, Vomiting, and Pil-
ling Blood, Bitings of Venomous Creatures, Stone
and Gravel in the Reins, Strangury, and heat of
Urine, ftoppage of the Terms in Women, Tertian
and Quartan Agues, the Sciatica, Palfie, Epilepiie,
and other Difeafes of like kind.

VIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from thefe following Medicaments, viz. 1. A Juice
of Leaves ani Flowers, i. An Ejjcnce. 3. An In-
fufion or Decottion in Wine of Herb , Flowers, and
Seed. 4. A Pouder of Herb or Flowers. 5. A Pon-
der of the Seed. 6. An Oil Simple. 7. An OH Com-
pound. 8. An Oil Magifral. 9. A Difti/led Wa-
ter. xo. An Acid Tintture. 11. A Spirituous
Tintture. 1 2. An Oily Tintture.

The Virtues.

IX. The Juice. It is a good Vulnerary, whethet
inwardly taken or outwardly applied, and given to
two, three, or four Spoonfuls at a time mixed with
a Glafsof Wine it heals inward Wounds, Hurts, or
Bruifes; it is of fubtii parts, opens oMiiuflions of
the Vifcera, diffolves Tumors, confolidares the lips

Chap. 405. 'Englijb Herbs.

573

of Wounds, itrengthning the parts which are weak
and feeble.

X. The ■ Effence . This is yet more effectual to all
the aforefuid Intentions, befides which it is good
againlt all manner of Spitting and Vomiting Blood,
occafioned by the rupture of any Vein, or by Bruifes,
Falls, or any other means whatfoevei^ it is an An-
tidote againlt Poyfon, and prevails againft the fling-
ing or biting of any Venomous Creature * it has been
found effectual by experience to give eafe in the
Strangury, to expel Sand, Gravel, and fmall Stones
out of the Reins and Bladder, and to provoke the
Terms in Women, taken to three or four Spoonfuls,
(according to Age) warm, mixed with a Glafs of
Wine, before the Fits of Agues, for fome days, it
helps them and alters the Fits, whether they be Ter-
tians or Quartans, and by continuing the ufe of it
for fome time perfectly cures them.

XI. The Infufion or Decaff i 072/2 in Wine of Herb
and Flowers, as alfo of the Seed. They have the
Virtues of the Juice and EfTence, but muft be given
two or three times a day, and in a much larger
Dofe, viz. from four Ounces to eight Ounces, ac-
cording to Age and Neceflity •, they open obltruCti-
ons of Reins and Womb, and kill Worms in the
Belly or Stomach.

XII. The Pouder of Herb and Flowers. It is an
effectual thing for Wounds and Sores, to cleanfe
dry, conglutinate, and heal them, being ftrewed
thick upon the fame, and drelfed therewith Morning
and Evening.

XIII. The Pouder of the Seed. It has the Virtues
of Juice, Effence, and DecoHion, but not altogether
fo effectual ^ if it is taken to a Dram in Juice or
Effence of Knot grafts it cures Spitting, Vomiting,
and Pitting of Blood, as alfo Bloody Fluxes, and
confolidates any Vein which is inwardly broken ; if
it is taken to the quantity of two Drams in fome
Broth it does gently purge Choler, cleanfes the Vef-
fels of the Mefentery, and expels congealed Blood
out of the Stomach ; it is alfo much commended,
being dfanh, for forty days together, for the Cure of
the Epilepfie, Palfie, Gout, and Sciatica, as alfo to
remove and eafe Rheumatick Pains in any part of
the Body.

XIV. The Simple Oil. Take Expreffed Oil of the
Seeds of Hypericon , or for want thereof Expreffed
Oil of Ben , or choice Oil Olive , a Gallon , Red Port
or Lisbon Wine a Pint and half Flowers of Hyperi-
con thirty two Ounces , infolate , or digeft in a equi-
valent Sand heat for fourteen days , then boil in Bal-
neo to the confumption of the Wine , flrain out by Ex-
prejfon , and repeat the Infufion with like quantity
of Flowers , Boiling and Expreffing , as aforefiid. ad-
ding alfo more frefh Wine , repeating the fame Work
the third lime with frefh Flowers , then framing out ,
keep it for ufe -, fome add to the aforefaidOil Venice,
Strasburgh, or rather Scio Turpentine , one Pounds
dijfolving it therein , and fo keep it for ufe. Or thus.
Take Oil Olive eight Pounds , Leaves , Flowers , and
Seeds of Hyper icon bruifed , of each four Ounces , in-
fo late ^ or digefl in an equivalent Sand heat fourteen
days, boil a little in Balneo, and flrain out , which
Work repeat the fecond and third titnes with frefh
Herbs , Flowers , 8tc. till the Oil becomes of a Blood
red color. Gerard makes it thus. Take Oil Olive fix
Pounds , fine Turpentine , White Wine , of each three
Pounds , Leaves , Flowers , and Seeds of Hypericon
bruifed , of each twenty four Ounces , in folate, or di-
geft in a Sand heat ten days, boil in Balneo, and
flrain out, and with frefh Herbs, Flowers, 8fc. re-
peat this Work the fecond and third times, which at
l aft being hot flrain out , and keep it for ufe. This
Oil being ufea hot cures PunCtures of the Nerves,
and Contufions of the fame, as alfo Burnings, Scald-

ings, all Wounds and Ulcers, tho5 made with poy-
foned Weapons, Gout, Sciatica, and Rheumatick
Pains j it is laid to heal green and deep Wounds
which run into the Body, it flrengthens and refrefli'
e.s the Joints, comforts the Nerves and Tendons,
helps Tremblings, Cramps, Convulfions, and Palfies,
is Emollient, Digeftive, and Difcuffive ^ I have found
it by Experience to be an excellent thing to diffolve
Strumous Tumors, and to digeft, cleanfe, dry up,
and heal Kings-Evil Sores and Ulcers.

XV. The Compound Oil. Take White, or rather
Red Port, or Lisbon Wine, three Pints, frefh Flowers
of Hyper icon, with the Seeds or Heads, four hand-
fuls, beat or bruife them, and digeft in a Glafs Veffel
clofe flopped for two days, boil them in Balneo, and
prefs them out ftrongly ■, to this framing put new
Flowers and Tops of tne Herb, as before, and repeat
it the third time , and then ftrongly prefs out by
ft raining-, to every Pound hereof add of pure Florence
Oil four Pounds, of choice Venice or Scio Turpentine
fix Ounces, Oil of Wormwood three Ounces, Dittany,
Gentian, Car du us. Torment'd, Calamus Aromatic us.
Car line, or Car diets Maria, all of them in pouder ,
of each two Drams, Earth Worms f it and often wafh-
ed in White W me two Ounces, Jet them to infolate
for five or fix Weeks, or elfe digefl as long in a mo-
derate Sand heat, and keep the Oil for ufe. Or thus.
Take of either of the Simple Oils in the former €eff ion
four Pounds, Oil of Juniper Berries reffified half a
Pound, Chymical Oil of Nutmegs a quarter of a Pound,
Balfam Co pay be two Ounces and half, Camphir one
Ounce, mix, diffolve, and keep it for ufe. This has
all the Virtues of the Simple Oil with advantage,
being more comfortable to the Nerves, drawing and
cleaniing than it, is amoft excellent Vulnerary, dif-
cufles Tumors, cafes Pain, heals Contufions* Pun-
£tures, or other Hurts and Wounds of the Nerves
and Tendons, and is admirable for old Aches, Rheu-
matifms, Bruifes, Strains, Palfies, Numbnefs, Cramps,
Convulfions, Headach, Megrim, Lethargy, Burn-
ings, Scald ings, Cfc.

XVI. The Magiftral Oil. Take of the Simple Oil
of Hype ricon made with Oil of Ben at Seff. 14. afore-
going four Pounds, Balfam of Peru a Pound and half,
Balfam of Tolu, St or ax Calamita drained, Tinffure
of Saffron and Cochenele abflraffcd to the thicknefs of
new Honey, of each half a Pound, Chymical Oils of
Angelica, Lavender, Li mens M'nt, Nutmegs, Oran-
ges, and Sajffrcu, of each three Ounces, mix, digeft ..
in a warm Balneo or Sand heat for a Week, fhaking
altogether once a day, and keep it for ufe. This has
all the Virtues of the Simple and Compound Oils
aforegoing, but for any extream or inveterate Pain
in any part of the Body, or for any Contufion, Pun-
cture, or any other Wound or Hurt of the Nerves
or Tendons, there is nothing fuperior to it in the
World ^ efteem it as a Jewel.

XVII. The Diftilled Water. Take the Flowers,
Leaves, and Tops of Hypericon twelve good handfuls.
White Port Wine three Quarts, mix , digeft two days
in a warm Balneo, then in Balneo draw off the Wa-
ter to drynefs. It may ferve as a Vehicle to convey
the Juice or Effence in, being good for all the fame
purpofeS} if it is dulcified with White Sugar and
drank, it is thought to be as effectual as the Infufi-

•n or DecoCtion, befides it is laid to kill Worms in
he Stomach and Belly.

XVIII. The Acid Tinffure. It is good againft
Poyfon inwardly or outwardly received, being given
from twenty to fix ty drops at a time in any proper
Vehicle, as the Diftilled Water, Cfc. it is Aperitive,
Abfterfive, and Stomachical, comforts and fortifies
the Ventricle, and reftores its Tone being hurt or
depraved-, it caules a good Appetite and itrong Di-
geftion, and allays the fermentation of the Humors

574

Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. It

or Juices in the Body •, it prevails alfo againft the
Plague or Pellilence, and all forts of malign and
peltilential Difeafes.

XIX. The Spirituous T intture. It warms and
comforts the Stomach, is good againft Crudities,
and expels Wind; a green Wound wafhed with it
it cleanfes it, comforts it, reftores its heat, and pre-
fen tly confolidates or heals it, and is profitable for
fuch as are aftefted with a Vertigo , Lethargy, Epi-
lepfie, Palfie, Convulfions, or other like Difeafes of
the Head, Brain, and Nerves. Dofe from one to
two Drams in any fit Vehicle.

XX. The Oily TinUure. It opens obftruclions of
the Reins, Ureters, and Bladder, expels Sand, Gra-
vel, fmall Stones, or other Tartarous Mucilage out
of thofe parts, and gives prefent eafe in the Stran-
gury ; it gives inftant relief m the Colick, and gri-
pings of the Guts, alleviates the pain in the Back,
tho’ never fo extream, and reftores and ftrengthens
the Tone of any or all the Vifcera , tho’ very much
hurt and depraved ; outwardly it eafes Aches and
Pains in the Limbs, proceeding from a cold Caule,
and gives prefent help to Contufions and Punftures
of the Nerves and Tendons, tho’ the extremity is fo
great as to caufe Convulfions, performing the Cure
in a fhort time after. Dofe of this Oily TinUure is
from eight to twenty drops, according to Age and
Strength, firft dropped into Sugar, and then mixed
with the Vehicle you intend to give it in.

or Johnswort, properly fo called, of which we dif*
courfe in the former and this prefent Chapter. 2.
"Acm^y, and ’A<rja/'e?/<TiK, Afcyrum , and Afcyroides,
Hyper icon magnum, Peterswort. 3. ’A vJ'gfmnwv, An-
drofemum, Hypericum maximum , Tutfan, or Park-
Leaves, of both which we fhall fpeak (God willing)
in their proper places of the Alphabet or Book. 4
K6e<f, Koric and Cor is. Heath Groundpine, of which
we have already fpoken Chap. 332. aforegoing. It
is true that the fecond, or Peterswort , may very
well be admitted to be a great or large Kind of Hy-
pericon, becaufe not only the Flowers, but the whole
form of the Plant befpeak it, but how far Tutfan or
Rarkleaves will admit of being a Kind we fhall
leave to the Readers Judgment, I confefs one of the
Species thereof, vie. Androfiemum Mat thiol i, very
much refembles Hypericon in its manner of growing,
Leaves, and Flowers, but that it is very much lar-
ger, and fo may be accounted the greateft Kind of
Johnswort ; but the chief thing which enforces the
Argument of Tutfan to be a Species of Hypericon is
the form of the Flowers, and their yielding a bloody
Juice: As to Cork, or Heath Groundpine , I cannot
fee how it has any relation to Johnswort, farther
than what the form and color of its Flowers may
induce.

Johnswort Lejfer.

CHAP. CCCCVI.

Of JOHNSWORT Small,

0 R,

Letter HYPERICON.

H E Names. It is called in Greek 'TmeotWl

JL uiKe)vt in Latino Hypericum minus , and in
Englijh The Smaller Johnswort , or Lejfer Hypericon.

II. The Kinds. We fhall take notice but of five
Species of this Plant, being all that are yet known
to grow in our Countries, viz. 1. Hypericum minus
e rehum Bauhini , Hypericum pulchrum Tragi , (as it
is thought) Hypericum minus Thalij, Hypericum Sy-
nacum Lobelij , Small Upright Hypericon, or Johns-
wort. 2. Hypericum minus Supinum, vel Supinum
glabrum Bauhini , Hypericum Exiguum Tragi , Hype-
ricum minus Dodoncei Gefneri, Hypericum mini-
mum Supinum Septentrionale Lobelij, Hypericum Su-
pinum tertium minimum Clujij, Small Creeping Hy-
pericon, or Johnswort. 3. Hypericum NumuParU
Polio, Hypericum tertium Tragi, Hypericum minus
fecundi Bauhini, Round Leav’d Hypericon, or Johns-
wort. 4. Hypericum minus Supinum Tomentofum
Bauhini, Hypericum alter urn Tomentofum Lobelij,
Hypericum minus Supinum Monfpeliacum, Androfa-
mum album Dalechampij, The Small Creeping Wool-
ly Hypericon, or Johnswort. 5. Hypericum Ameri-
canum , Hypericum Prutefcens Americanum. Flore al-
bo, American Hypericon, or Johnswort, White Flow*
ered American Johnswort.

III. An Gbfervation. Altho’ what I have to fay
here ought to have been put in the former Chapter,
yet it is better to have a place out of its order than
no where-, it is the Opinion of fome Authors con-
cerning the Generick Kinds of Hypericon that they
are fourfold, viz. 1. Hypericon vulgar e. Hypericon,

IV. The Defcriptions. TJse firft, or Small Up-
right Hypericon, or Johnswort. It has a fmall and
long Root, and fibrous withal, enduring all the Win-
ter in the Ground this Plant is very rare to meet
with, but it is very like that in the former Chapter,
faving that it is fmaller, yet the Leaves do not ful-
Uy anfwer the form of the other, but are a little
broader, and not fo fharp pointed ; the Stalks are
reddifh, and the Flowers leffer, not fully fo yellow,
nor do they give full out fo bloody a Color when
they are bruifed between the Fingers, and fometimes
they ftand in Circles at the joints of the Stalks as
well as at the tops ; the Seed is alio refinous, as
the former.

V. The

575

Chap. 40 6. Hwglijh Herbs.

V. Thefecond, or Small Creeping Hypericon, or
Johnswort. Its Root is very like the former , nor
does the whole Plant differ much from k-, its Stalks
are reddilh, and not much above an Hand breadth
high, yet (land not fully upright, but leaning down-
wards; the Leaves are fmall, narrow, and fmooth,
and the lmall Flowers are yellow.

\ I. The third , or Round Leav’d Hypericon, or
Johnswort. The Root is fmall and long , and fibrous ,
lU the others aforegoing ; this Plant is as fmall as’
thelaft, audits fmall, reddilh, fquare Stalks or
Branches rife no higher than it, having two Leaves
let oneagainft another at every Joint up to the tops,
and are almoft round, like unto Moneywort, or Herb
Twopence , of a dark or fad green on the upper fide,
and whitilh underneath, fpotted fometimes with red-
dilh fpots, and ftrakes; the Flowers are of a paler
yellow color than the former, but fomewhat large
in comparifon to the fmallnels of the Plant, with
feveral yellow Threads in the middle.

VII. The fourth , or Small Creeping Woolly Hy-
pericon, or Johnswort. It has a fmall, /lender , long,
woody, and fibrous Root, from which fpring up feve-
ral hairy, whitilh, fmall, woolly Branches, lying
upon the Ground and fhooting forth Fibres, fet with
woolly Leaves, but not very clofe together, much
like to thofe of the Common Hypericon in the former
Chapter, but hoary and white, and a little rounder ;
at the joints towards the tops Hand the Flowers,
which are fmaller than thofe of the Common Hyperi-
on, and of a paler yellow ; the Seed Veffels are like
unto the other Kinds, as is alfo the Seed it felf

VIII. The fifth, or White Flowered American
Hypericon, or Johnswort. It has a long, fender
woody, fibrous Root, which abides all the Winter]
from this Root arife Yearly feveral woody Stalks’
almoft to a Mans height, covered with a whitilh
Bark, from whence are thruft forth on all fides va-
rious Branches fet with thick green Leaves, narrow
below, broad about the middle, and round at ends,
fometimes two or three at a place, from which joints’
alfo arife divers white Flowers, confifting of four
Leaves apiece, the Leaves fall away every Year, and
appear again in the Spring.

IX. The Places. The three firft Kinds grow in
Woods and Copfes as well in thofe which are fha-
dy as thofe which ate open to the Sun; the fourth
grows in Mootilh and Wet Fields, as alfo on dry
barren Ground ; the Lift grows with us, but is nou-
rilhcd up in Gardens, being brought hither from the
North Well parts of America.

X. The Times. They all Flower about the mid-
dle or latter end of June , and in July, and the Seed
is ripe in the end of July, or in the begining of Au-
gnft.

XI. The Vitalities, Specification , Preparations
and Virtues of tliefirll lour are the fame with thofe
of the Common Hypericon in the former Chapter, but
fcarcely or not altogether fo powerful and effeftual
to all thofe Intentions: The Qualities and Virtues
of the American are not yet well known, or but on-
ly gueft at.

CHAP. CCCCVIL

Of IRONWO.RT,

0 R,

SOLDIERS HERB.

I-'T' H E Names. It is called in Ardbick Sidra-

J. dm, in Greek StJWfls, j 'roe coho so, Diofco-
ridis Lib. 4. Cap. 102. in Latine Sideritis , five her-
rum 'matrix, fic ditto d Ferro, quod Vulneribus Fer-
ro fattis fuit Medela, for that it did cure W ounds
made by the Sword, or with Iron; it was alio called
Stratiotes , as Diofcorides and Pliny lay, and Milita-
nts, becaufe Alilires, Soldiers, had ufually great
need of the lame ; in Englijh Ironwort, and Soldiers
Herb.

II. The Kinds. Authors make many Species of
this Plant, viz. 1. Sideritis vulgaris C/ufij, Sideri-
tis prima Clufij-, this is without doubt Sideritis fe-
cunda Matthioli, others that of Diofcoridis , which
Lome Authors, as Anguillara , Columna, Tragus, and
Parkjnfon, will have to be Burnet , tho’ it is plainly
manifeft by the Defcriptions of each Plant and by
their Heads of Flowers that they ate differing Plants,
Vulgar or Common Ironwort. 2. Sideritis Arven-
fis rubra, Tetrahit Angufiifo/bum, Sideritis Arvenfis
Flore rubro Camerarii 13 Thalij, Sideritis alia in Vi-
ne is Cufalpini , Alyffum Galeni Flore purpureo, Side-
ritis Arvenfis Latifolia glabra Bauhini, Meadow
Ironwort with ted Flowers. 3. Sideritis -prima. vel
Herculea, Herba Judaica , Tetrahil, Tetr.abit, Side-
mis procumbens Ramofa Gerardi, Creeping Branch-
ed Ironwort, called alfo Jews Ironwort, becaufe the
Jews which Praaifed Phyfick in Iffy made much
ule of it. 4. Sideritis parva procumbens, Sideritis
quarts Clufij, Sideritis procumbens non Ramofa, Small
Creeping Ironwort not Branched, or Small Jews
Ironwort. 5. Sideritis altera parva, vel Sideritis
quinta Clufij, Another Small Jews Ironwort. 6. Si-
deritis Montana parvo Flore nigro purpureo Colum-
ns, Sideritis Montana Apula verficolor. Mountain
Ironwort with a fmall black purple Flower, or
Mountain Ironwort of Naples. 7. Sideritis Folijs
Alfines Trifjaginis Bauhini, Ironwort with German-
der Chickweed Leaves. 8. Sideritis Germanics par-
va, Sideritis fexta Clufij , Small Germany Ironwort,
this fays Clufius is common at Vienna in Aujiria.
9. Sideritis HedercuU Folio, Sideritis Anglica, Eng-
lifh Ironwort, or Ironwort with Alehoof Leaves. 1 o.
Sideritis Folio fplendente oblongo glabra, Ironwort
with fmooth long Leaves. 1 1 . Sideritis Arvenfis
Latifolia glabra Bauhini, Sideritis Hereclea altera
Ceefalpini , Sideritis Arvenfis Flore palido Earner arij ,
Sideritis Arvenfis Species altera Thalij , Alyffum
Germanicum aliorum. Broad Leav’d Meadow iron-
wort, this Bauhinus would have to be Sideritis fe-
cund,1 Matthioli , which it is not, and Label would
have it to be a Species of Cannabis Spuria , others
that it is Marrubium Pannonicum Clufij, all which
are much to be doubted. To the former Eleven
Kinds may be added the two following, viz. 1 2. Si-
deritis Anglica Radice ftrumefa , P anax Colom Ge-
rardi, Sideritis primi Thalij , Betonica fietida Gefne-
ri. Clowns Woundwort, or Englilh Ironwort with
ftrumous Roots, of which we have Treated at large
in Chap. 9. aforegoing. 13. Sideritis Arvenfis gra-
tis odoris , Pimpinella Sanguiforba , Ironwort having
a plealant fmell, or Out Common Burnet, whether
greater or lefTer-, and this we. have here added to the

number.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft , or Vulgar or
Common Ironwort. It ha* a Root which is white

VI. The third , or Creeping Branched Ironwort,
called alfo Jews Ironwort. It has a Root which is

and i vo'ody, continuing dll Winter , and Jhooting forth j mall and woody , yet living all Winter , and Jhooting

C’ . / 1 . .. ' .. — ,-,^1 U i rrlin. r . 7 . if- 1C O In'! 'ill 1/M.r

fffal 5V<///cj Tdar •, it grows greater and higher

than rhe other ' Ironwort s , as Clufius lays, with lar-
ger hairy rough pointed Leaves fet by couples one
again!! another at the joints of the fquare hairy
Stalks, dented about the edges, but fet at fomewhat
farther diftances, which branching themfelves forth
are fet from the middle upwards with many Wharls
of gaping white Flowers at the joints with the
Leaves, fpotted with Blood red fpots in the upper
parrs of them-, ending in a long Spike-, the Seed
which lollows is lmall, uneven and black, contain-
ed in fine fquare Heads.

IV. A ota. This our firft Sideritis I take to be
truly the Side r it is fecunda Matthioli , which very
much appears from his defeription of it, tho’ it is<
very fiiort, in his Epitome, and is in thefe Words,
Exit in btcc Cau/e quadrate , dodrantali , nut majori ,
R’antofoque , Folijs marrubio longioribus , ad Salvice
Jdpiem accede ntib us , • erf pis , albic antibus , (Jf per am-
bition laciniatisfapdre baud ingrato , hloribus verticil-
latim in Caule , is' Ramis prodcuntibus Marrubij
tnodo.

Y. The fecond , or Meadow Ironwort with red
Flowers. The Root of this Herb is very fibrous, or
full of Threads , from whence rifes up a fquare brown
Stalk , full of Branches, and thereon feveral narrow,
long, and pointed, rough Leaves, fomewhat dented
about the edges, fet by pairs or couples, at the tops
of which ftand the Flowers, encompafting them, as
the others do, of a dark red color, and fometimes
of a white color j the whole Plant is of an auftere

fort!) afrejh every Spring-, it is a fmall low Herb,
neither wholly Handing upright, nor wholly leaning
down to the Ground, but has feveral weak, rough,
hoary, fquare Stalks, not much above a Foot high,
full of joints, at the feveral diftances whereof grow
two fmall Leaves, fomewhat long, rough, or as it
were crumpled, hard and hairy, not half fo broad
as Horchound Leaves, dented about the edges, fuel-
ling and tailing fomewhat ftrong, which fpread a-
broad into divers Branches, the upper parts whereof
are replenilhed with many rough fmall Wharls of
pale purplifh gaping Flowers, with hoary Leaves at
the joints under them alfo, where after they are palt
come fmall blackilh Seed, contained in thole Husks
wherein the Flowers ftood before.

VII. The fourth, or Small Creeping Ironwort not
Branched, or Small Jews Ironwort. The Root of this
Riant is fmall, and per ifhes every Tear-, the Herb is
alfo fmall, and fomewhat like the former in the hairy
fquare Branches, but more trailing or leaning \ the
Leaves alfo are hairy, fomewhat larger, and lefs
fnipt about the edges, that is, they are dented only
from the middle to their ends j the Flowers grow
in the bofoms of thofe Leaves, and encompafs the
Stalks or Branches of the Plant in Rundles at certain
diftances, as the others do, from their bottoms to
their very tops, being of a whitifti color, and lhaped
like the other Kinds.

VIII. The fifth, or Other Small Jews Ironwort.
The Root is much like the beforegoing, and penjhcs
every Tear it is a fmall Ironwort, and has the mid-
dle Stalk upright, fquare, and fomething hairy,
Ipreading it felf into many linaller Branches, even

from

Chap. 407. ‘Englifh Herbs.

from the bottom upwards, which in a manner lye
upon the Ground, with two fuch like Leaves at the
Joints as in the laft„ but little or nothing dented at
all 5 the Flowers ale white, without fpots, but ga-
ping in like maniidr.

IX. The Jixtb , or Mountain Ironwort with a
fmall black purple Flower. It has a Root which is
finally hard , and yellow) Jh , from which rifes up a
reddijh , hoary, hard , hairy , fquare Stalk , about ha/j
a Tard high , divided into two Branches , about the
middle thereof , on which are fet at' the joints two
fmall and long pale green Leaves one againft ano-
ther, covered with an hoary Down, and having
three dents or notches on each fide at the ends of
them, which at the lower end of the Stalk next the
Ground ftand upon long footftalks, but up higher
towards the top are without any; the Flowers ftand
in fharp pointed Flusks, and are gaping, or hooded,
as the relt are, but very fmall, whofe head and jaws
are of a dark purplifh color, the middle of the Flow-
er is yellow, and the long neck of the Flower which
rifes out of the Husk is whitifh; after the Flowers
are paft there come four blackilh Afh Colored Seed,
fomewhat cornered, which are contained in the hairy
or hoary Flusks.

X. The f eve nth, or Ironwort with Germander
Chickweed Leaves. It has a Root which is fmall
and thready , which fends forth a Stalk a Foot long,
fpread out into Branches from the bottom, and thofe
again fending forth other fmaller ones, all of them
inclining to the Ground, like the Germander Chick-
weed, but much greater, on which ftand a few hairy
Leaves by pairs or couples, in form like unto that
Chickweed, but larger, and dented about the edges,
the Flowers grow at the joints with the Leaves to-
wards the tops, and like unto the others in fafhion,
but fomewhat longer, and of a blewifh color, Hand-
ing in fharp and rough Husks, in which is contain-
ed fmall round Seed.

XI. The eighth , or Small Germany Ironwort. The
Root is white and zvoody, and perifhes every Tear ;
it is a fmall Riant, and has low fquare Stalks , of about
a Foot high. Branched out almoft from the very
Ground, being foft and hoary, as the Leaves alfo
are, which Hand at the joints by couples, being long,
and fomewhat narrow, without any dents at all a-
bout the edges, yet larger at or near the bottom of
the Stalks and Branches than towards their tops $
the Branches have Flowers growing about them up-
wards as foon almoft as they fhoot out, in fhape as
the other forts are, but they are fo fmall that they

• fcarcely appear out of the Husks, of a dusky color,
the jaws and lower parts on the infide being whitifh,
after which follows blackifh Seed, fmaller than in
the others.

XII. Ihe ninth, or Englifh Ironwort, or Ironwort
with Alehoof Leaves, It has a Root which is fmall
and thready, Pc rifting every Tear, but abundantly
raifing it fclf from its own f owing , in any Garden
where it has once taken pojfejjion-, it is a fmall Herb,
not much above an Hand breadth, or four or five
Inches high, having fmall, broad, and roundifh green
Leaves, with round dents about the edges, like to
Alehoof, or rather like to Red Archangel Leaves;
the Flowers are hooded, fmall, and purplifh, and
the Seed fmall and blackifh.

XIII. The tenth , or Ironwort with fmooth long
Leaves. Its Root is whitifh, fibrous , woody, and pe-
rifhing every Tear, from whence rife up fquare and
jointed Stalks, fmooth below, but with fomc fmall
kind of hairinefs at their tops ; the Leaves are fmooth
and thin, fet by couples, the lowermoft three Inches
long , and one broad , not dented at all about the
edges; the Flowers are hooded, like the Common
fort, but, white, larger than they, and longer alfo,

577

ltanding in rough Husks about rhe Stalks, even Horn
tile bottom almoft, after which come Imall, black-
ifh. uneven Seed, in Heads like thofe of Plamanc,
but (horter.

XIV. The eleventh , or Broad Leaved Meadow
Ironwort. The Root of this is tike ihe feami Kind
aforegoing , and it has larger fmooth green Leaves
below than thofe above , a little dented about the edges
the Stalks are fquare, about a Foot and half in height,
and Branched out ; the Flowers grow in Roundles
at the tops of the Branches, being hooded, and of
a pale yellow color, and in fome purplifh, tending
to white, without any fmell at all.

XV. The Places. Some of thefe grow wild in
England , in Meadows, and on Mountains, in many
places, being molt of them natural to our Country-,
the fecond ot thele Gerard lays grows frequently in
the Corn Fields in Kent, and by Purfleet in Effete-,
rbe feventh Gerard allb found in Flower and Seed
among Corn in a Field joining to a Wood fide not
far from Greenhive in Kent -, the ninth Parkinfon
fays he found growing wild in the Fields, from
whence he tranfplanted it into his Garden, where it
continued to encreafe and flourilh.

XVI. The Times. They all Flower in June and
July, and their Seed is ripe foon after.

XVII. The Qualities. Ironwort is temperate in
refpeft to heat or cold, and dry in the full degree
or begining of the fecond ; it is Anodyn, Aftringent’
Incarnative, and Vulnerary.

XVIII. The Specification. It is very powerful
to ltop all fluxes of Blood, Catarrhs, the Reds and
Whites in Women, and fpeedily to heal all fimple
green Wounds, and that, (as Authors fay) without
fuppuration; it dries up alfo fluxes' of Humors in
old fretting Ulcers, cleanfes the Ulcer, incarnates
and quickly heals it.

XIX. The Preparations. You may prepare there-
from, a. A Liquid Juice. 2. An Ejjence. 3. A
Syrup. 4. A DecoSion. 5. A Louder of the Herb.
6. A Baljam or Ointment. 7. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

XX. The Liquid Juice. Given inwardly two,
three, four, or five Spoonfuls at a time, either alone
. by it felf, or mixed with rough Red Wine, it is pre-
valent againft all internal fluxes of Blood, as Spit-
ting or Vomiting Blood, Pilling Blood, the Bloody
or Hepatick Flux, and the overflowing of the Terms
in Women.

.XXI. The Ejjence. It has all the Virtues of the
Liquid Juice, befides which it is powerful againft
Catarrhs, or fluxes of Rheum falling down the
Throat upon the Lungs; it prevails againft lour
and Cholerick Belchings of the Stomach, is faid to
cure Ruptures or Burltennefs, and rhe Whites in
Women, as alfo a fimple Gonorrhcea in Men, being
taken inwardly, and outwardly injeUed into thofe
parts with a Syringe, for being very drying and bind-
ing, and ftrengthening withal, it not only reftores
thofe parts, but preferves their Tone intire ; it is ad-
mirably good alfo to wafh all green Wounds and
old running Sores or Ulcers, healing the firft, (if
fimple) without fuppuration, and cleanfing, Hop-
ping the defluxion of Humors, and drying the other,
in order to its fpeedy healing-, and if there be any
Inflamation, or begining of a Gangreen about the
parts, it prevents ir, and foon fecures it againft any
dangerous Accident. Dofe two, three, or four
Spoonfuls in any convenient Vehicle Morning and
Night.

XXII. The Syrup. It helps Coughs, Colds, Ca-
tarrhs, and Afthma’s, prevails againft obltruUions
Eeee of

578

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. 1.

of the Lungs, thickens the pituitous matter, and
caufes expectoration mixed with Gargarifms it
heals Sores and Ulcers of the Mouth and Throat.

XXIII. The Dccoflion in Wine , or Wine and Wa-
ter. It has all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice and
Eflence, but ought to be given in a greater quantity,
and that Morning, Noon, and Night: Gerard fays
it is no lefs available in the flopping a flux of Blood,
or flux of Humors, than the Herb or Juice.

XXIV. The Pouder of the Herb. Given inward-
ly to a Dram, or more, it flops inward fluxes of
Blood, whether by the Mouth, Anus, or Bladder ^
it cures fluxes of the Bowels, and is good againfl
Catarrhs * outwardly applied to any green or frefh
Ample Wound it prefently conglutinates the lips
thereof, and heals it, and applied to any inveterate
running Sore, or old Ulcer, it (in fome little time)
flops the fluxion, cleanfes it from its Jordesi incar-
nates where Flefli is wanting, dries, and in a little
time heals it.

XXV. The half am or Ointment. If to every Pound
of the Ointment or Balfam three or four Ounces of
the Pouder of Tobacco be added, they will become
moft admirable Medicaments or Topicks for the cu-
ring of old running Sores, inveterate and putrid Ul-
cers, and malign tiflula’s, being firft walh’d by in-
jection or otherwife with the Juice, Eflence, or De-
coCtion, and then (twice a day) drefled up with one
of thefe Preparations •, they are alfo profitable againfl
the Gout, or other Aches and Pains in any part ol
the Body.

XXVI. The Cataplafm. It may be made of the
Herb alone, or of the Juice mixed with the Pouder
of the Herb, or with Barley Flower, Efc. applied to
fluxes of Blood in Wounds it flops the bleeding, it
(Lengthens parts weakened by any Difeafe, as the
Joints by the Gout, the Nerves by Pulfies, Efc. and
hinders the afflux of any Humor to the weakened
parts j applied alfo to a Ample recent Contufion it
difeufles the Tumor, and reftores the part hurt.

CHAP. CCCCVIII.

Of IVY Tree or Wall.

1. '"Ip II E Karnes. It is called in Arabic k Cuff us,

JL in Greek K/ayk, ^ in Latine Cijfus,
and Cittus, and Hedera-, the firft of thefe Names
fome have thought to be derived from Pu-

mex, five Lapis porofus, quia ut ille Aquam, it a hoc
Lignum textura porefa, Ef fpiraculis innumeris per-
via Yin urn tranfmittit , wide Catoni Ef Varroni Cif-
f mb ion Poculum He derace urn eft. And probably it
might be that from this Co (huts might fay, That a
Cup made of Ivy Wood will not hold any Wine therein.
The latter Name, He deram vero Pompeius diffum
ccnfiit, quod h treat, vel petius edit a pet at, vel quia
id cui adhxfcrit edit Ef enecat and in Englifh it is
called Ivy.

II. lhe Kinds. There are five feveral forts of
Ivy, viz. I. Hedera Arbor ea, five Scandens, Hedera
CorymboJ a ■ nigra, Orthocijjos , Hedera reja, Hedera
rigens Plinij, Common Ivy, Tree Ivy, or Wall Ivy,
and this is that which all Authors call Hedera Am-
ply, which is Our Vulgar Tree Ivy, called alfo He-
dera nigra. Black Ivy, becaufe it bears black Berries.

2. Hedera Corymbofa alba, Hedera Corymbia , White
Berry bearing Ivy. 3. Hedera Helix , Hedera Steri-
lis, Hedera Helix provoluta, which is thought to be
the Helix Diofcoridis, Theophrafti Ef Plinij, which

they make to be the third Species of their Climbing
Kinds, yet it is feldom feen to climb up in the man-
ner of the former, but lyes for the molt part on the
Ground ^ but Johannes Thalius in his Harcynia Sylva
fays he found it climbing as well upon Trees as creep-
ing upon old Walls and Stones ^ this lbme fay is
barren, as not bringing forth any Fruit, yet others
fay this is rather for want of Age, for that in time
it would bear, and change into the other lort, as
Thcophrafius and Pliny fay •, this is that we call Bar-
ren Ivy. 4. Hedera Virginian a , Hedera Trifolia
yirginienfis. Three Leav’d Virginian Ivy. 5. Hede-
ra fijtinquefo/ia Virginiana, vel Vi rginienfis, Five
Leav’d Virginian Ivy.

III. Hederula Tragi , Bauhinus makes to be a dif-
fering fort from Hedera Helix, vel Sterilis, Our third
fort, or Barren Ivy abeve mentioned, and calls it
Hedera Humi repens, which yet Tragus himfelf di-
ftinguilhes not, but fays, that that Ivy, which whilft
it is young brings forth no Fruit, when it is grown
older does, and that there is no difference in his two
Kinds of Hedera and Hederula but in the Age-, this
Barren Kind, fays Parkinfon, which creeps upon the
Ground, will yet with its clafping Branches take
hold of whatever is next unto it.

Ivy Tree or Wall.

IV. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Our Com-
mon Ivy, Tree Ivy, or Wall Ivy. The Root hereof
is woody and fibroids, running under the upper Cruft
of the Earth-, from this Root it grows up witlfa
thick woody Trunk or Body, which is fometimes,
(tho' rarely) found as big as ones Arm, (hooting
forth on all Ades many woody Branches, and grows
fometimes alone by it felf into a pretty Bufh, as Lo -
bel lays he faw in our Country, but it ufually climbs
up upon Trees or Walls, and as the Branches rife it
fends forth feveral lmall Roots into the Body or
Branches of the Tree upon which it clambers, where-
by it climbs up almoft into all parts of the Tree, or
if it clambers upon a Wall it climbs up and lays it
felf in the Chinks or Joints of the faid Wall, whe-
ther

Chap* 408.

ther Brick or Srone, on which Trees it runs up fo
lirongly, faftning its Claws or Roots therein, that it
draws the nourifhment out of the Tree, and thereby
"m time kills .it, by confirming the life and moifture
thereof, and by choaking it with the abundance of
fhadow and humidity of its Leaves and Branches,
which are ever green, (and ferves as an Ornament
thereto when it is Leaflefs, but in the end is its de-
ftruction and utter ruin) thefe Branches having thus
fa lined themfelves by their Claws or Roots in a Tree
or Wall will live thereby upwards, tho’ the Trunk
or Body of the Shrub is cut oft' from the Root be-
low, and it will live as well as if it was not cut
away from its faid Root at all, only by the faltning
of its little Claws or RadicuU into the laid Tree or
Wall, and there growing great they will oftentimes
io crack it, that it will in time utterly ruin it, as is
faid before , while the Plant is young the Leaves of
molt of it will be cornered, but when it grows older
it has no corners on the fides, but grows only round,
or fomewhat long, and pointed at the end, the young
Leaves which fpring forth from the Branches keep-
ing oftentimes the fame order, and are of a dark
mining green color above, and fomewhat of a yel-
lowifh green underneath, ftriped with white, and
fometimes with red fpots, abiding freih and green
Winter and Summer; from the joints of the Stalks
and tops of the Branches grow forth upon fhort
Stalks fmalt mo Hie yellow Flowers, ftanding in an
Llmbel, or clofe round Tuft-, after the Flowers are
palt fmall round Berries come in their places, which
are green until they grow ripe, and then turn black,
with a fmall point at the end of each Berry, in each
of which are ufually contained four Seeds, three-
fquare in a manner, but round on the one fide; this
Shrub or Bufh yields either voluntarily or by being
bruifed in hot Countries a kind of reddilh hard Gum
called 6m- *««*,, Hederx Gummi, The Gum of Ivy’
which is laid by Authors to be dangerous being in-
wardly ufed in Phyfick, becaufe fay they it has a
caullick or burning faculty.

Tree Ivy , or Wall.

The fcconrf , or White Berry bearing Ivy. This
in its Roots , Stalks, Branches , C/am, or Radicular,-

Leaves , Mowers, Berries , and. manner of growing ,
differs very little from the former , and is chiefly
diflinguifhed in thefe things, viz. that the Leaves
are thinner and finer, and of a lighter green color,
and that the Berries are of a whitifh or greyifh co-
lor when they are ripe, and not black, as the Ber-
ries of the Common Sort are.

VI. The third , or Barren Ivy. From a woody
ftringy Root , as the former , it fends forth fever a l
fender and woody Branches , trailing upon the Ground
and for the mojl part lying thereon , but fometimes
it is found to wind it felf and climb up the Trees,
Bufhes and Hedges under which it grows ^ with the
fmall Tendrels or Claws it (hoots forth at the feve-
ral joints of the Branches, where the Leaves come
forth, being fomewhat lefler than the firft Common
Kind, and of a dark (hining green color, ufually
formed into three corners, and fometimes into five ^
at the Joints with the Leaves there thrufts forth un-
derneath final 1 white Fibres, Claws, or RadicuUy
by which it takes hold as it creeps j this very rarely
has been feen to bear either Seed or Flowers.

VII. The fourth , or Three Leav’d Virginian Ivy.
The Roots of this Riant do Jhoot under Ground , and
fend forth young woody Stalks , fome whereof will
ftand upright, others lye down, and take root again
as they fpread, as alfo on any Wall they ftand nigh
unto, like unto our former Barren Ivy the Leaves
are broad and large, three always fet together upon
a long footftalk ; at the Joints with the Leaves
come forth pale Flowers in a loofe Tuft or Clufter,
which turn into pale yellow Berries, with fmall,
hard, round, Afh Colored Seed in the dry -wrinkled
Skins or Husks, without any moifture at all in them ^
this Plant yields a white Milk, without any tafte in
it, being broken in any part thereof, which Milk
after it has lain a while will change to be as black
as Ink, and therefore is thought to be a good Mate-
rial to color Hair or any other thing Black.

VIII. The fifth, or Five Leav’d Virginian Ivy.'
This Slender, but Tall Climbing Virginian Ivy, has
a Root which Jf reads here and there under the
Ground, but not very deep, from whence rife up fe-
veral Stems or Stalks, none much bigger than a
Mans Thumb, many lefs, from whence ihoot forth
feverai and many long weafrBranches, not able to
ftand upright unlefs they be fuftained, yet being
planted near unto a Wall or Pale, or Houfe fide, the
Branches at feverai diftances of the Leaves will
Ihoot forth fmall fhort Tendrels or Claws, not twi-
ning themfelves about any thing, but ending in four,
five, or fix, or more, fhort and fomewhat broad
Claws, which will fallen like a Fland with Fingers
fo clofe thereunto, that it will bring part of the
Wall, Mortar, Board, Glafs, Brick, or Stone, away
with it if it is pulled from it; and by thefe Claws
it flays it felf, and climbs up to the top of the high-
eft Tree, Wall, Houfe, or Chimney, being planted
by them: the Leaves are crumpled, or rather folded
together, at their firft coming forth, and very red,
which af terwards growing forth are very fair, large”
and green, divided into four, five, fix, or feven
Leaves, (not regular to a certain number) ftanding
or growing together upon a fmall footftalk, and Tec
without order on the Branches, at the ends whereof,
as alfo at other places fometimes, come forth feverai
fhort Tufts of Buds for Flowers, which here in
England never come to that perfefdion, as to open
themfelves and fhew what kind of form they would
be of, much lefs what Berries or Seed would fol-
low ; the ufe of this is chiefly to furnifh a Garden,
and to be an Ornament to the place it is planted in.

IX. Or thus, according to Gerard. There is kept
for Novelties fake in divers Gardens a Virginian
Vine, but which is indeed an Ivy ; the Stalks hereof
E e e e 2 grow

580 Salmon/ 'Herbal Lib. I

grow to a great height if they be p/anted nigh any
thing which may fuftain them , or bear them up, and
they take fajl hold by certain fmall Tendrels , (or
Claws ) upon what Body foever they grow near , whe-
ther Trees , Wood, Brick , Stone, or Glafs , and that
fo firmly , that oftentimes when you pluck them off
from the fame they will bring pieces of the matter
they cling to off with their Claws, (or Radicular) it
puts forth its Leaves in April, which are large , and
confifiing of four, five , or more particular Leaves ,
each of them being long , and deeply cut , fo that they
fomewhat referable the Leaves of the Chellnut Tree
the Stalks with the Rudiments of Flowers are to be
feen in Auguft, which Flowers grow cluftering toge-
ther after the manner of Ivy, but never with m fhew
themfelves open , fo that ice can fay little or nothing
of their Color or Fruit which fucceeds them .

X. The Places. The firft is known almoft to eve-
ry Child to grow and climb up upon Trees, Hedges,
Bulhes, Brick or Stone Walls, Houfes, Churches,
&c. in moft parts of this Kingdom ; the fecond has
been brought to us out of T urky, Italy , and France -,
the third grows almoft as common as the firft, in
woody, lhady, and moift places, under Hedges, and
in corners of wafte Grounds, Lanes, and the like ^
the fourth and fifth are Natives of Florida , and
North Weft parts of America , where our Englijh
Colonies are planted, as in New England , Mary-
land, Penfilvania , New Pork, Virginia, and Caroli-
na, but being tranfplanted grow very well with us
in England.

XI. The Times. Our Ivy Flowers not till July,
and the Berries are not ripe till about the latter end
of December, after they have felt the Winter Frofts,
and the American forts Flower very late with us, it
at all.

XII. The Qualities. Ivy is hot and dry in the end
of the fecond degree, Aftringent, Biting, Cofmetick,
Vulnerary, and Ptarmick, as the juice of the Leaves,
&c. The Berries are alfo hot and dry in the fecond
degree, Aftringent, Diuretick, and Alexipharmick.

XIII. The Specification. It flops Fluxes, and
heals Bloody Fluxes, Jaundice, provokes the Terms,
refills Poyfon, and th* Bi tings of Venomous Crea-
tures, cures the Plagu^and heals running Sores and
old Ulcers, in what part of the Body, and of what
kind foever.

XIV. The Preparations. You may have there-

from thefe following things, 1. The Leaves. 2.
The Wood. 3. A Gum. 4. A Liquid Juice of .
Roots, Leaves, and Berries. 5. An E (fence of the
fame. 6. A Decotlion of Leaves and Berries • 7.

A Ponder of the Flowers. 8. A Ponder of the Ber-
ries. o. A Bath of the Leaves and Berries. 10. A
Pefary of Leaves and Berries. 11. A Fume of the
Branches. 12. An Acid Tintlurc of the Berries. 13.
A Spirituous TinQure of the Berries. 14 .An Oily
Tin Jure of the Berries.

The Virtues.

XV. The Leaves. The frefh Leaves are common-
ly ufed to be laid upon Iflues wherefoever, in Arms,
Legs, Efc. to keep them open, and to draw forth
the Humors which fall upon the fame parts.

XVI. The Wood. It is of ule to make little round
Balls of, about the bignefs of high Swan Shot, or
white or grey Peafe, which are ufed for Iflues In-
ftead of Peafe, drawing forth the Humor eafier, and
keeping the Sore better open, and this they do by
teafon of their fponginefs or poroflty, being much
more porous than Peafe, and fo more apt to be filled
with the ferofides of the Iflfae ; if the Wood is made
into a Cup, and Ale, Beer, or Wine be put into it,

fo as to Hand in it for fome time, and then drank
oft', and this continually done for fome days, it is
faid to help fuch as are troubled with the Spleen,
and to give eafe in the pains thereof Cato lays
rhat the Deceits of Vintners may be ibund out by
one of thefe Cups, if they mix any Water with their
Wine, for the faid mix'd Wine being put into one
of thefe Cups of Ivy Wood, the Wine will foak
thro’ the Wood and leave the Water behind-, for
Cato and Varro both fay it is the nature of Ivy Wood
not to hold any Wine, fo great an Antipathy there
is between them.

XVII. The Gum. That which is gathered in hot
Countries from the Body and Branches of the Ivy,
(either by a voluntary ifTuing therefrom, or by brui-
fing thereof) is exceeding lharp and hot, burning
and exulcerating the Skin, yet is ufed, being diffol-
ved, to take away fuperfluous Hair in any place, and
to deltroy Nits and Lice, alfo Crab-Lice, in what
parts foever-, being diffolved in Vinegar and put in-
to a hollow aking Tooth eafes the pain, and being
often ufed will caufe it to fall out-, fome ufe this
Gum with other things as a Bait to kill Filh; fee
more hereof in my Seplafium, or Druggifts Shop , Lib.
9. Cap. 27. where you may find the farther Ufes
thereof, and alio the Signs how to know it, and to
diftinguilh the true from the falle, that fold in the
Druggifts Shops being for the molt part counterfeit,
having neither the form or appearance, nor the Vir-
tues of the true Gum, the lalfe being for the moft
part full of flicks, di£>fs, and filth, brittle, and of
an inlipid tafte, whereas the true is of a yellowilh
red color, clean, of a ftrong fmell, and of a lharp,
biting, and exulcerating tafte.

XVIII. The Liquid Juice of Roots, Leaves , and
Berries. If it is much taken inwardly it is apt to
caufe Barrennels in Man or Woman, it alfo caufes
a weaknefs and trouble in the Brain or Underftand-
ing, and affefls the other Senfes, for which reafon
Authors lay ufed much inwardly it is an Enemy to
the Nerves, but much ftrengthens them being out-
wardly applied; the juice of the Root is faid to be
good againft the biting of the Phalangium, or poy-
fonous Spider ; the juice of th,e Leaves or Berries ta-
ken inwardly provoke the Terms in Women, facili-
tate the Birth, and bring away the Afterbirth ; the
juice of Leaves or Berries ufed as an Errhine, by
Tnuffing it up the Nofe, purges the Head and Braiii
of thin Rheum, which caufes Catarrhs or Defluxi-
ons into the Glandules of the Throat, Jaws, Eyes,
Nofe, or other parts adjacent, and cures (linking
Ulcers in the fame-, dropped alfo into the Ears it
cures old and running Sores and Ulcers in them.
Dofe one or two Spoonfuls inwardly in a Glafs of
Wine, or other fit Vehicle.

XIX. The Effence of Roots, Leaves, or Berries.
It has all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice, but is
more powerful as being depurated, and fo is to be
given in lelfer quantity, as Irom three quarters of a
Spoonful to a Spoonful and half, increafing the Dole
as the Age and Strength of the Patient will bear ; it
is very good againft the Yellow Jaundice, provokes
Urine, and is laid to be good to break the Stone,
and expel Sand, Gravel, and fmall Stones from the
Urinary parts-, taken alfo Morning, Noon, and
Night in a Glafs of Wine it is a good prefervative
againft the Plague, or any other infe&ious Difeafe,
and is of lingular ufe to cure the fame after infecti-
on.

XX. The Decottion of Leaves or Berries. It has
all the Virtues of the Juice and Elfence, but nothing
near fo powerful, and therefore may be given from
three to fix Spoonfuls fweetned with White Sugar -,
a Decoflion in Vinegar mixed with Damask Rofe
Water and Oil of Rofes, and applied to the Fore-
head

Chap. 408. 'Englij!) Herbs.

581

head and Temples gives eafe in the Herdach, tho’
it be of lqng continuance, and applied warm to the
Sides of fuch as are troubled with the Spleen, Aches,
or Stitches in the Side, refolves the Coagulum if any
be, and gives preheat eaie ; the Decoction of Leaves
or Berries in Wine is of excellent ufe to cure old
running Sores dud filthy Ulcers, which are difficult
to be healed, it admirably cleanfes, dries, and heals
them -, and it is alfo effectual tor the fpeedy cure of
green fimple WouncR, by uniting the f lefh and con-
lolidatiug their lips ; the fame is good to heal
Scaldings with Water and Burnings with Fire, and
the Exulcerations which happen thereby, occafioned
by the faltnefs, heat, or fharpnefs of Humors flow-
ing thereto.

XXI. The Vouder of the Flowers. A Dram of the
Flowers (being dried carefully and reduced to pou-
der) being drank twice a day in Red Wine cures a
Diarrhoea, or Lool'enefs, yea' a Bloody Flux, as Di-
ofcorides faith.

XXII. The Fonder of the Berries. It is good
againft the Jaundice, kills Worms in Old or Young,
and prevails againft the biting of the Fhalangium ; it
is a lingular Remedy both to prevent the Plague or
Peftilence before infection, and to cure the fame af-
ter it has frized the Paiienr, by drinking the Pouder
from half a Dram to a Dram, (according to Age
and Strength) in any fit Prophvlaftick Vehicle, or
proper Antidotal Liquor, Morning, Noon, and Night,
for two, three, or four days together; and being ta-
ken in White Port Wine for lbme certain time it
opens the obftruftions of the Reins, Ureters, and
Bladder, gives eafe in the Strangury, provokes Urine,
and breaks the Stone, expelling Sand, Gravel, and
Tartatous Mucilage from the Urinary parts and pai-
fages : Tragus fays that it provokes the Terms in
Women, and is fo powerful in its operation on thofe
parts, in driving forth the dead Child and Afterbirth,
that it ought to be cautioufly ufed, and not but up-
on neceflity.

XXIII. The Bath of the Leaves mi Berries. It
is ‘a ftrong Decoftion of them made in Water; if a
Woman which has a dead Child fit therein as hot
as (he can conveniently bear it, it forces away the
Child and Afterbirth, and being once or twice re-
peated caufes a due cleanfing; if a Woman whofe
Courfes are flopp’d fit therein, and repeat it for
feme few times, it effectually brings them down,
but a Woman with Child ought cautioufly' to for-
bear the ufe thereof becaufe it will endanger Abor-
tion.

XXIV. A Peffary of Leaves and Berries. It lias
all the Virtues and Operations of the Bath in the
former Seftion, but not altogether fo powerful, yet
it very much prevails to bring down the Terms
when flopp’d, and being often repeated forces away
the dead Child, &c. as is before exprefled.

XXV. The Fume made of the Branches being burnt.
It expels peftilential and infeftious Vapors, correUs
a putrid Air, which caufes malignity and putrifafti-
on, and drives away Bats, Gnats, and other trouble-
fom Infefts of that kind.

XXVI. The Acid Tincture of the Berries. It o-
pens all obftruftions of the Urinary parts, breaks
and expels the Stone, refills Vomiting, (Lengthens
the Stomach, and is a good Prophylaftive and Cu-
rative of the Plague or Peftilence ; it dellroys the
malignity and putrifaftive heat of all Fevers, cools,
and allays Tliirft. Dofe fo many drops as to give
the Veb scutum a pleafing acidity, which may be re-
peated two, three, or four times a day, or more, as
need requires.

XXV II. T be Spirituous Tincture of the Berries.
It has the Virtues of the Juice, Effence, Decoftion,
and Pouder, but a much more pleafing Medicament,

becaufe finer, purer, confining of more fubtil parts,
and given in a much finaller Dofe, and by reafon of
irs preparation with Spirit of Wine is To more
Cordial and Stomatick. Dofe fifty or fixty drops
Morning and Night in a Glals of Wine, but it is
not long to be continued left it induces Barrennefs;
outwardly bathed upon Nervous and Tendonous
parts it comforts and (Lengthens them, and alleviates
aches and nains coming from a cold and moift caufe.

XXVIII. The Oily {endure. Inwardly , given it
prevails againft the Palfie and Lethargy, gives eafe
in the Strangury, provokes Urine, breaks and expels
the Stone and Gravel in Reins or Bladder, and alle-
viates the pains of the Colick ; outwardly applied in
the Gout, (a little Camphir being diffolved therein)
it gives eafe in pains and flitches of the Side and
Spleen, difeuffes cold Tumors, and gives relief in a
Gout proceeding from a cold caufe. Dofe inward-
ly from ten to twenty, or twenty five drops, dropp’d
firft into Sugar, and then the Sugar mixed with the
Vehiculum you defign to give it in.

CHAP. CCCCIX.

Of IVY Water,

0 R

Ivy Leav’d CROWFOOT.

I-'T'bf E Names. I know not of any Greek Name

X it has, but it is called in Latine Ueierula
Aquatica by Gerard and Lobel , alfo Ranunculus He-
icracem Dalechampij & Lugdunenfis , Lenticula
Aquatica trifulca Bauhini , Ranunculus Hederaceus
Aquaticifs , in Englijh Water Ivy , or Ivy Leav'd
Crowfoot.

II. The Kinds. It is certain it is no Species of
Ivy, properly fo called, but a lingular Plant of its
Kind, obtaining the Name Heclcrula meetly from
the form of its Leaf and feems from the nature and
qualities of the Herb to be more allied to the Stock
of the Crowfeet than any other Plant.

(pfAi fer rfjirie •

582

SalmonV Herbal. Lib. 1.

Roots or Stalks , which fpread themfelves very much
under the Water from this firingy Root grow forth
fever al fender trailing Stalks , rifng from the bot-
tom of the Water to the top-, thefe Stalks fhoot forth
at the lower Joints and with the Leaves under the
Water fever al other fmall fibres , which ferve as
Roots alfo with the former: from the Stalks likewife
at the Joints come forth divers triangular Leaves,
in form of an Ivy Leaf, which Leaves, thofe which
grow near the tops of the Stalks, float upon the top
of the Water, and are many, each ot their three
parts, formed alfo in a triangular or three cornered
manner, like thofe of Barren Ivy , or 'Noble Liver-
wort, and are fometimes marked with a black fpot
and with thefe Leaves from the Joints come forth
fmall knots of yellow Flowers, Handing upon indif
ferent long footftalks, but Gerard fays it is barren
of Flowers or Seed.

IV. Ihe P laces. Gerard fays it is very rare to
And, and that he found it once in a Ditch by Bcr-
mondfey Houfe , near London , and never elfewhere :>
but Parkinfon fays it is found plentifully enough in
divers places of this Land ^ I have found it in Ditch-
es, Pools of Handing Water, and other like wet and
plafhy Grounds in feveral places of Cambridgfhire
but it always grows in Water.

V. The Times. It Flowers in May and June , and
gives its Seed in fome fmall time alter.

VI. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and
Virtues are exactly the fame with thole of Common
Crowfoot, and therefore I refer you thither, where
they are handled at large in Chap. 176. Set/. 24. ad
34. fo that no more need be faid thereof in. this
place.

JUNOE’s TEARS, fee Vervain Chap. (§. 1.
JUPITER’s BEARD, fee Houfeck Great Ch. 584.
JUPITER’S DISTAFF, fee Clary Chap. 137. Sett. 2.
JUREY, fee Darnel Chap. 2 it.

CHAP. CCCCX.

Of K A T HE RINE-FLO W ER,

0 R

Roman N I G E L L A.

I ( ' H E Karnes. It is called in Arabick Xan'rn ,

-i Sunts, Sumci , feu Sunizi, in Greek Mow-n-
r-‘.\ and Ni>.avc7ns[tov, in Latins Aielanthium , and Ni-
gella, in Englifh Katherine-Flower , Fennel-Flower,
and Roman A igella.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral forts of Kigel-
/.') Gith, or Fennel-Flower, viz. i. Melanthium, Jive
A igella Romana, Roman Nigella, or Katherine-
Flower, properly fo called, of which in this Chap-
ter. 1. A igelia Cretica , Gith, Fennel-Flower, or
Nigella of Candia. 3. Nigella Hifpanica & Da-
mafeena Flore fmplici & multiplied Spanifh Gith,
Fennel-Flower, or Nigella Single and Double, ?f
which wc Treat under the Title of Nigella in lome
of the following Chapters of this Book.

III. The Kinds of Roman Nigella, or Katherine-
Flower. Of this there are the three following forts
1. Nigella Romana, five Saliva, Roman Nigella
Sweet fuelling Nigella, or Sweet Rented Kathe-
tine-Flower. 2. Nigella Romana Si/vefiris inodora

Wild fennel-Flower, or Katherine-Flower. .-.gA/-
gel/a Romana Arvenfis , Field Fennel-Rower, or
Field Katherine-Flower,

.IV. The Defcnptions. The fir ft, or Roman Tweet
jlmelling Nigella, or Katherine-Flower, has a Root
which is fmall, thready, yellow, and perijhing every
Tear ; this fweet Plant grows up to be two Feet high,
.more or lefs, with feveral (lender Branches, and ma-
ny finely cut and divided Leaves on them, nearly as
fine or fmall as Fennel, (whence one of the Names)
and very like unto thofe of the Larkshee/s ; at the
top of every Branch Hands one Flower, made of five
blew Leaves, laid abroad like a Star, without any
green Leaves under the Flower, as in fome Single,
and another Double blew fort , with a green Head in
the middle, compaffed with fome lew Threads,
which Head grows to be the Seed Veffel, being a
little long and round, with five (mall (hort Tops,
like Horns, Handing at the tops of the Heads, in
which lye in feveral Cells fmall, black, and very
(harp, Iweet, Hr'ong fmelling Seed.

_ V. Thefecond , or Wild Fennel-Flower, or Kathe-
rine-Flower. This grows very like the former for
its green Leaves, but ' a little fndler and fhorter .
the Flowers areblew, and like the former, but the’
Head with its Seed is larger, and the Horns longer;
the Seed within is ufually black, fometimes a little
whitilh; and fometimes yellowifh, without any fimell
at all: there is another likewife of this fort, differ-
ing in nothing from this, but only that its (ingle
Flowers are white, and its black Seed without (cent.

VI. 'I he third , or Field Fennel-Flower, or Kathe-
rine-Flower. This Field Sort is very like the loft
but it grows thinner of Branches and Leaves, and.
they alfo fhdtter ; the Heads are (mailer and longer
as the Flowers alfo are, but of a pale blew color, the
Seed being black likewife, and without feent: there
is another of this fort, differing little from that now
deferibed, but in the Flowers, which being (ingle
and blew like it, have green Leaves under them, and
the Seed being black is fomewhat (weet.

VII. The

Chap. 410. fLnolijh Herbs ,

VII. 1 he Places. The firft is ufually Sown in
Gardens, even in Italy, and other Countries, the
others .grow wild, and in Corn Fields of Italy, and
other Southern Countries, with us they all grow in
Gardens only.

VIII. T he Times. They are all Annually to be
Sown in the Spring, if they do not Sow themfelves,
and they Flower in June and July , giving their ripe
Seed in July and Augufl.

IX. The Vitalities. 'The Seed, (which is chiefly
ufed) is hot and dry in the third degree, it is Ape-
ritive, Abfterfive, Carminative, Digeftive, Diuretick,
Peftoral, Nephritick, Alexipharmick, and of thin
and fubtil parts; where note, the firft Kind is only
ufed in Phyfick.

X. The Specification. It wonderfully prevails
againft thin and fait Catarrhs, expels Wind, kills
Worms, helps (hortnefs of Breath, provokes the
Terms, eafes the Strangury, expels Stone and Gra-
vel, and is an Antidote againlt Poyfon.

XI. The Preparations. You may have therefrom
1. A Liquid Juice of the Herb. 2. An Effence of
the fame. 3. An Infuftonof Herb or Seed in Wine.

4. The Seed whole. ;. A Fouler of the Seed. 6.
An Oil of the Seed by Expreffion. j. An Acid Tin-
llure of Leaves or Seed. 8. A Spirituous Tintture.
9. An Oily TinSure. io. A DecoUion of the Seed
in Vinegar, ir. A fume of Herb or Seed. 12. A
Spirit from Herb or Seed.

The Virtues.

XII. The Liquid Juice. It opens obftruftions of
the Vifcera, chiefly of the Lungs, Reins, and Womb;
mix’d with equal parts of Honey, and fo taken, it
helps againft Afthma’s, cuufes free breathing, ’re-
moves Hoarfenefs and Wheezing, provokes Urine,
eafes the Strangury, expels Sand, Gravel, and Tar-’
tarous Matter out of the Urinary parts, gives eafe
in the Colick, and forces down the Terms in Wo-
men, kills Worms, and dries up Cararrhs. Dofe
one Spoonful to two Morning and Night for fome
confiderable time; ir may alfo be mix’d with White
Port Wine, and fo taken.

XIII. The Effence of the Herb. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Liquid Juice, is fomething more pleafant
to be taken, and more powerful in its operation, and

therefore ought to be given in fomewhat a Idler
quantity; taken with Honey it is a Remedy againft
Poyfon, the Stinging of Scorpions, and the Biting
of the Spider Phalangium-, given mixed with a Am-
ple diftilled Water of Angelica , Anifeeds, or Fen-
nel, it is faid to increafe Milk in Nurfes Breafts.

XIV. The Infufion of Herb or Seed in Wine. It
has a)l the Virtues of the Juice and Effenqe, but mult
be given in larger quantities, viz. from four to fix
or eight Ounces; it helps (hortnefs of Breath, pro-
vokes Urine, and is good againft the Bitings of Ve-
nomous Creatures, &c.

XV. The whole Seed. It is faid that it was eaten
familiarly in former Times, being ftrewedupon their
Bread, or rather put into their Bread in making, and
fo put in as Poppy Seed was; tied in a Cloth and
fmetled to, being of hot, dry, and thin parts, it
helps to dry up Rheums and Diftillations from the
Head, as Galen fays, and being put into a Cap a-
mong other things for that purpofe it does much
good; being often fmelled to it is faid to reftore the
Senfe of Smelling to thofe who have loft it ; it ferves
well to put into odoriferous Pouders and fweet Bags
among other fweet things.

XVI. The Pouder of the Seed. Being taken from
half a Dram to a Dram in Wine it is a Remedy
againft Ihortnefs of Breath, and difficulty of breath-
ing, difculfes and expels Wind, provokes Urine and

the Terms in Women, increales Milk in the Breafts
of Nurfes, nor being too much taken; it kills and
drives forth Worms in the Stomach and Belly, whe-
ther taken in Wine or Water, and this it does the
more effeUually if it is applied Plafterwife, or in
a Cataplafm, to Stomach and Navel; it is an ex-
cellent Remedy (as Galen fays) where there is need
of heating, cleanfing, and drying.

XVJ1. The Oil of the Seed by Expreffion. Ir has
all the lelf fame Virtues of the Seed’ exprefled in
the former SeEtion, and may be given from twenty
to forty drops, firft mixed with Honey, or Syrup of
Clovegilliflowers, or other proper Syrup, and then
taken in a Glals of Wine, Sack-Whey, Barley-Broth,
or other proper Vehicle, Morning, Noon, and
Night.

XVIII. The Acid TinSure. It is good againft
burning and malign Fevers, the Plague or Peftilence,
and other contagious Difeafes, it refifts Poyfon, is
good againft the Stinging of Scorpions, the Biting
of Mad Dogs, and other Venomous Creatures, and
has all the Virtues of rhe Juice, Eftence, DecoUion,
or Infufion and Pouder of rhe Seed aforegoing. Dofe
fo many drops as to give the Vehicle a pieafing aci-
dity, feveral times a day.

XIX. The Spirituous TinSure. It chears the
Heart, revives the Spirits, refifts Fainting and Swoon-
ing Fits, prevails againft palpitation of the Heart,
dries up Cararrhs and Rheums, difculles and expels
Wind, ftrengthens the Stomach, caufes a good Di-
geftion, provokes Urine, and is profitable againft
Gravel and Stone; given to a Woman in Labor trom
one to three Drams in a proper Vehicle it facilitates
the Delivery, and brings away the Afterbirth.

XX. The Oily TinSure. Ir is good againft the
Colick and inward Convulfions of the Bowels, opens
obftruEliens of the Womb, Reins, Ureters, and
Bladder, gives eafe in the Strangury, and expels
Sand, Gravel, Stones, and other Calculous or Tar-
rarous Mucilage out of the Urinary parrs. Dole
from ten to twenty, or thirty drops, firft dropped
into White Sugar, and well mixed therewith, and
then given in a Giafs of White Port Wine; it gives
eafe in the Gout outwardly applied, is excellent
againft the Wounds or PunEtures of Nerves and Ten-
dons, and haftens the Birth of Women in Labor.

XXI. The DecoSion of the Seed in Vinegar. If
it is held in the Mouth of fuch as are troubled with
the Toothach it eafes the pain, bathed upon hard
Swellings it foftens and difculles them, it cleanfes
the Eyes of filth, and being daily applied to the de-
formities of the Skin, as Tettars, Ringworms, Scurf,
Morphew, Yellownefs, Spots, Freckles, ©V. it is
faid to cure them.

XXII. The Fume from the Herb or Seed being
burnt. It drives away Flies, Gnats, Musketoes,
©r. out of the Room in which it is ufed in Summer
time.

XXIII. The Spirit from Herb or Seed. It is Cor-
dial, expels Wind, eafes the Colick, prevails againft
Convulfions in Children or Elder People, and cures
Fainting and Swooning Fits.

CHAP. CCCCXI.

Of KALI, or GLASSWORT,
Called alio S A L T W O R T.

L' I ' H E Names. It is called in Arabick Kali, it
JL knows no Greek Name, but in Latine it is

called

Salmon s 'Herbal. Lib. 1.

called Kali alfo, and Salicornia , Salficornia , and Sal-
foU genus , in Englijh Kali , Glafswort , and Saltwort.
The Affes hereof are called Soda , and Rocbetta, and
the Sale Alkali, or Alkali, the Salt of Kali, or
Glafswort:, IC^z/ is an Arabick Word, and in that
Language lignifies Salt.

II. The Kinds. There are four Kinds of ly//, or
Glafswort , viz. I. Ktf/i Geniculatum , Salicornia , Sk/-

genus aliud Cafalpini , Salficornia , Jointed Glais-
wort, or Saltwort. 2. Ktf/i majus Cocbleatim , Kali
magnum Sedi medij Eolijs Semine Cochleato Lobelij,
Kali Cocbleatim majus Camerarij , Antbyllis Safa
majoris , iG/i *w//w Cocbleato Semine , SalfoLe genus
Gefahini , Great Glafswort, or Kali with Snail like
Seed. 3. Ktf/i fC^/i hmVwj villofum

Baubini , Antbylloides Thalij , Small White Glafs-
wort. 4- -Krf/i Mgypt iacum Eolijs valde longis bir-
f lit is Baubini , Kfl/f Mgypt i urn Alpini , Egyptian
Kali, Glafswort, or Saltwort.

III. The Defcriptions. Tbe firfi, or Jointed Ka-
li, Glalswoft, or Saltwort, has a Root which is /mail ,
long, and thready -, it rifes up ufually with but one
Stalk upright, round, thick, and almoft tranfpa-
rent, a Foot, or Foot and half high, thick fet, and
full of Joints, or Knots, without any Leaves at all
on them, but (hooting forth Joints one out of ano-
ther, or one at the end of another, with ill or t Cods
at the heads of them, and alfo fuch like (mailer
Branches on all fides, and they are alfo dividedinto
other fmaller ones^ this is thought to bear neither
Flower nor Seed: there are fome other Kinds here-
of as Kali Geniculatum breve , differing a little in
the form of the Joints one from another, and Kah
Geniculatum rubrum , one which is wholly reddifli,
not differing in any thing elfe from any of the other
Jointed ones. •

IV. The fecend, or Great Glafswort, or Kali with
Snail like Seed. It has a Root which is fomewhat
long, with many fibres adjoining to it, and. penjhes
every Tear j or the mofi part after it has given Seed-,
it rifes up with a big, round, reddifh, fteffy Stalk,
very like unto Pur fain, about two Feet high, divi-
ded into many Branches, on which do grow many
thick, long, round, fleftiy Leaves, pointed at the
ends,5 growing without order, fometimes but one or
two,’ and oftentimes more handing at a place-, here
and 5 there difperfed upon the Branches come forth
alio (mail yellowilh flowers, and afrer them (mall
browniff Heads, turned round like Snails, in which
lye (mail round Seed* this Plant has an ill tafte,
but fait iff •

V. The third, or Small White Glafswort,. or Ka-
li. It has a Root like -wife which is fmall and woody ,
which perifhes after it has given Seed-, it fprings up
from the Root with feveral whitiff green Stalks,
or Branches, nothing fo high as the former, and
bending or leaning down to the Ground, Ipreading
it felf into other fmaller Branches full of Joints,
whereon grow more (tore of fmaller and fforter,
round and pointed Leaves, nothing fo fleffy as the
former, and of the fame pale green color with the
Stalks^ the Flowers are white, and (land (ingly on
the tops of the Branches, after which come fmall
Husks, in which lies the Seed, which is fmall, black,
and ffining, like unto Sorrel Seed.

VI. The fourth, dr ^Egyptian Kali, Glafswort, or
Saltwort. It has a Root like tbe others, and grows
up with one J. lender Stalk , bending it felf downwards ,
and branching forth at the Joints into other fmall
ones, which J or the mojl part jland snore upright , and
at every of the joints two very long and fomewhat
hairy Leaves, bowing themfelves downwards becaufe
of their length * the fmall Branches are bare, without
Leaves unto the tops or ends of them, where grow
many fmall and long Leaves, hairy, like to the for-

mer, but nothing fo long, from among which grow
fmall, whitiff, purple Flowers, with many fmall
Threads in their middle-, of this fort there are fome
with (horter Leaves, differing in little elfe.

VII. Tbe Places. The firft as well as the fourth
grows in Mgypt, and it generally grows among o-
ther Sea Plants on the Sea Coafts in all Countries ^
I found it growing plentifully in the Salt Marffes
in South Carolina, as up Wadmalaw River, and on
the Sands and Marffes of Wando River, not far from
the Sea fide, and in other Salt Marffes of the fame
Country ^ it grows alfo on our Coafts of England,
Ef c. in many places, in Saxony, and other parts of
Germany, where there are Lakes of Salt' Water ; the
fecond grows by the Sea fides in feveral places of
Syria, Africa , Italy, and Spain, as alio in Provence
and Aquitane, where they Sow large Fields thereof,
for the Profit they make of the Salt or Allies of the
Plant in making Glafs and Soap-, the third grows
not only in the aforenamed places, but in other cold-
er Climates likevvife, not by the Sea only, but by
the Salt Pits in Saxony, as Camerarius fays, and is
found alfo on the Sea Coafts of England and Ire-
land-, the fourth, as Alpinus fays, is more peculiar
to Mgypt , but Columna fays it is frequent on the
Weftern Neapolitan Shoar.

VIII. The Times. They all flouriff in the Sum-
mer, and they which pei'iff give their Seed in Au-
gufi, or fomething later ^ the firft of them abides all
the Winter.

IK. An Obfervjtion. Out of this Herb is made
the Alkali of the Arabians, Levant, Mgypt, Ef c.
or Pot Allies, as we in England call them, called
alfo by other Names, as Pclverine, Pulverine, Ro-
chetta, and Soda, which are all the fame thing, made
of the lame Matter, but do each differ in goodnefs,
according to the place the Matter comes from, and.
the Method or Order of making of it-, the Matter
is the Herb Kali, (alfo Alga, or Kelp, which is Sea-
Girdles, Sea-Weed, Sea-Thongs, or Sea-Laces ) the
goodnefs of the Herb is taken from the places of its
growth, that which grows on the Coafts and Banks
of Syria, Mgypt , the Levant, Efc. is the beft, that
which grows on the Coafts of Spain, Italy, and Ve-
nice, is the next beft, that which grows on the
Coafts of trance is worfe, but that which grows on
the mouth of the Thames , and other Maritime pla-
ces of England, is the wrortt of all, as making Ames,
which yield the leaft Sale, or Sal Alkali, of any of
them.

X. The Qualities. The Herb is hot and dry in
the end of the firft degree, the Affes or Salt is hot
and dry in the fourth degree, Aperitive, Abfterfive,
Digeftive, Diuretick, Pyrotick, or Caultick, Ne-
phritick, Hyfterick, Arthritick, Emmenagogick, Su-
dorifick, and Alexipharmick. ■

XI. The Specification. Kali purges pituitous, wa-
tery, and melancholy Humors, provokes Urine, is
good againft the Dropfie, opens obitruUions of Li-
ver and Spleen, brings down the Terms, and expels
the dead Child.

XII. The Preparations. You may have therefrom
T. A Liquid Juice. 2. A Pouder of the Herb. 3.
The AJhes, called Pot AJhes. 4. A Salt called Sal
Alkali. 5. Soap. 6. Sandiver .

The Virtues.

XIII. The Liquid Juice. Taken in Drink or
Wine from one Spoonful to two, or more, it purges
downwards fuperfluous Humors, and therefore is of*
ten ufed for the Dropfie, to provoke Urine and the
Terms , facilitate the Birth , and to expel a dead.

Child i

Chap. 411- ‘EngUJh Herhs.

Child it opens ohilructions of the Liver and Spleen,
and difcuffes the hardnels thereof; it gives eafe in
the Strangury, and expels Sand Gravel, Stones, &c.

XIV. The Pouder of the Herb. It has all the for-
mer Virtues of the Juice, but not full out lo effeflu-
al as ir, and may he given from half a Dram to a
Dram and half in White Port Wine, or other pro-
per Vehicle, it is fometimes mixed with thofe things
which are ufed as Corrofives, to confume fuperflu-
ous, proud, or lpongy Fleflt, which grows in foul
and virulent Ulcers, if it is taken in too great a
quantity it is mifchievous and deadly, as Gerard
lays.

'XV. Per Afhes. They have all the Virtues ol
the Juice and Pouder, and are equivolent in opera-
tion to the Allies of Tartar -, they are powerfully
aperient, provoke Urine in the laft degree, and car-
ry off a Dropfie by Urine, being made into a Lixi-
vium with Water, and given in Wine; they are ve-
ry (harp and biting, like a Cauftick, and the Lye
which is made thereof is fo ftrong, that it will fetch
off the Skin from the Hands, or any other parts ol
the Body it is applied to, and therefore if any ufe
it to deanfe the Skin from Spots, Freckles, Lentils,
Yellownefs, Sunburning, Tanning, Scurf, or Mor-
phew, or other like Defilements, they ought to be
cautious in ufing of it, and apply it very fparingly,
or ufe it not made too ltrong, and lo it may do
much good. How thefe Allies are made fee in our
Seplajium, or Druggifls Shop , Lib. i. Cap. 4. Self.

1 1 . and 1 2. where, and in the other Seftions of the
fame Chapter, you may find abundant fatisfaflion,
and you may alfo fee to what Mechanick Ufes they
are to be applied, as alfo in Self. 22. oi the fame
the relt of their Medical Ufes ; fo alfo our Polygra-
phice Lib. 10. Cap. r. of the Eighth Edition.

XVI. The Salt , or Sal Alkali. This Salt'is made
out of the Pot Allies, and has all the Virtues of Salt
of Tartar, and almoft in the fame degree of good-
nefs ; how this Salt is made in perfection fee in our
Polygraphice Lib. 10. Cap. 1. Self. 12, 13, 14, 15,
16. Thofe Allies which come from Spain and the
Levant are good, where, by reafon of the heat of
the Climate, Kali grows in great quantities, and is
green all the Winter; but thofe Allies which come
Horn j T.gypt, where there is never any Rain, are the
ftrongeft, and make the ftrongeft and fharpelt Salt.
The Allies coming from the Levant are called Pul-
verine , becaufe they are in Pouder, and have no
fuch Preparation as Soda and R ochetta have, for the
Herb is only burn’d on Iron Grates, and afterwards
when cold the Allies are gathered up and kept in
proper Veflels for ufe-, thefe Allies have indeed lefs
Salt than R ochetta and Soda, but for the quantity it
is nothing inferior in virtue and goodneis. Our Dutch
Pot Allies, which are purely white, and in great
hard lumps, are the bell in the World, yield molt
and pureft Salt, and of the ftrongelt kind, and there-
fore of excellent ufe in making Soap, Glafs, 0Y.
This Salt prevails agaiuft the Jaundice, Dropfie,
Scurvy, and Gout. Dofe a Scruple or half a Dram
in a Glafs of White Port Wine.

XVII. T he Soap. If it is fpread upon a piece of
courfe thick brown Paper and applied to the Soles
of the Feet of thofe who are taken Speechlefs, it
brings them to their Speech again in a little time,
if there be any hopes of reftoration ; anointed over
the Face of one who has Lentils or Freckles thereon
it obliterates or takes them away, but it is by a gen-
tle taking away of the Skin, after the manner of a
Scurf as it were ; fpread upon Leather and applied
to the Hips in a Sciatica it cures it, being renewed
as need requires; the fame it does being applied to
places pained with the Gout, and repeated accord-
ingly.

XVIII. The Sandiver , or G/afs-Sa/t. It is ufed
often being made into Pouder to be blown into the
Eyes thro’ a Quill, or being difiblved in Water and
fquirted into them, to take away the Skin which
grows over the Sight; it takes away alfo Scabs and
Manginels, if the parts affefted be often bathed
therewith, and ferves to dry up running Sores and
Scabs, helps againft the Itch, and kill Tettars, Ring,
woifns, and the like, being often walhed therewith,
and buffered to dry on; it ferves to make Metals
run, and a little thereof put into Antimony and Ni-
tre for making Crocus Aletaflorum , increales the
quantity of the Crocus, and it will therewith the
better feparate from the Scoria. Glafs being made
with Pot Afhes and other Materials, as Sand, Cry-
ftal, Lie. this Sandiver is that Salt which is feum-
med off from the top of the Glafs in the making
thereof ; fee more of it in my Seplajium , or Drug-
gijls Shop , Lib. 2. Cap. t;. where you may have far-
ther fatisfaclion.

XIX. Tojindour the quantity of Sal Alkali which
is contained in any quantity oj ' Pot AJhes. Take a
Pound of Pot AJhes , diffoive them, by boiling in eight
or ten Pounds of fair Water, more or lefs , then be-
ing well fettled decant off the clear Lixivium from
the Faeces, the Faxes dry either in the Sun or before
a Lire, or in an Oven , or over a Sand heat , and then
weigh them , for fo much' as they leant oj a Pound, fo
much Salt is contained in each Pound of AJhes, and
fo many Ounces of Salt you have in your Lixivium.
In fome of your Oriental Pot Allies coming from
Syria, JEgypt , &c. you may have about ten Ounces
in a Pound, and in fome again not above nine, or
eight Ounces, and fome of theworfer forts ol Allies
do not contain above feven or fix Ounces in a Pound,
fo great a difference is there in the goodnefs of the
Allies, but out of a Pound of the bell, ftrongeft, and
whiteft Dutch Pot Afhes we have obtained feveral
times thirteen and fourteen Ounces of pure Salt, ve-
ry rarely fo little as twelve Ounces; the ftrongeft
and belt Allies are thofe which are in greateft lumps,
very hard, and white, as it were of a blewilh white’
(which color arifes from the well burning) and fuch
contain the greateft plenty of Salt.

C H A P. CCCCXII.

Of K E L P, SEA-LACES,

0 R,

S E A-T HONGS.

I.'“|-Vf/R Karnes. It is called in Greek W«Q-
JL and tvx©- Saxarasc, in Laline Alga ,

and Alga Marina, alfo Alga Maris, and Phycos, or
Pbycus, or incus Marinus, Marinus being added
thereto to diltinguifh it from Yucus Herba, which
is Anchufa, in EngliJh Kc/p, and Seaweed.

II. The Kinds. Of Seaweeds there are feveral
Kinds, vie. 1. Alga Marina, incus Minims, Kelp,
Sea-Laces, Sea-Thongs, or Sea-Girdles, of which
in this Chapter. II. Mufcus Marinus, Lichen Ma-
rinus, Sea Liverwort, and this is twofold, viz. 1.
Ldltuea Marina, Lichen Marinus, Oilter greet]. 2.
Opuntia Marina, Lichen Marinus rotundijoHus ,
Round Leaved Oilier green, or Round Leaved Sea
Liverwort. III. Alga fficroina, incus ihicranin,
Sea-Wrack, and this is lixfold, viz. 1. Sfuercus Ma-
rina major. The Greater Sea-Oak, or Sea-Wrack.

F f f f 2. ffiercus

2. Quercus Marina minor. The Letfer Sea-Oak, .or
Sea-Wrack. 7. Quercus Manna Tertia, The Third
Kind of Sea-Oak, or Sea-Wrack. 4. Quercus Ma-
rina quart a , Jagged Sea- Wrack. 5. Fucus , five
Alga intubacea , Sea Curled Endive. 6. Fucus f pen-
giofus nodofus , Sea Raggedftaff. Thefe two lalt ge-
nerick Species fee in their proper places under the
Titles OiJler green , and Sea-Wrack . «

III. The Kinds of the Juft of the three aforegoing

Heads. Alga Marina , f/zc//x Marin us, or
called alfo Sea-Girdles , Sea-Laces , and Sea-Thongs ,
is fevenfold, ws. 1 . A/ip* Marina , (properly fo cal-
led) f/zx/zx Marinus , Marina Grammea Lugdu-

nenfis , E/zrzzx Marinus alter Dodonxi, Alga Angufli-
folia Vitrariorum Bauhini , the broader fort of which
is called Imperatus , f/rcitf Giganteus, and Palmifo-
lium Giganteum , Kelp, peculiarly fo called, Sea-
Girdles, Sea-Laces, Sea-Thongs. 2. facz/x AL/n-
/wx mz/jz/x Latfo/ius, Thick Broad Leaved Alga,
Kelp, or Sea-Girdles. 2. fzzc/zx Marinus Latijfuno
Tenuifolio, Broad and Thin Leaved Alga, Kelp, or
Sea-Thongs. 4. fz/zvzx AUtas, five Pkofganoides,
Winged Alga, Kelp, or Sea-Girdles. ?. Alga, feu
Tucks maximus Polyfchidcs , Great Alga, or Kelp,
or Sea-Girdles with many Labels, or Sea-Girdles
with Hangers. 6. Tucus Marinus fecundus Dodo-
nxi, Tucus longo, angufto, & craljo Folio , Long, Nar-
row, and Thick Alga, Kelp, or Sea-Girdles. 7. Tu-
cus Membranaceus Ceranoides, Alga Marina Mem-
branacea. Kelp, or Seaweed with skinny Horns.

IV. The Defcriptions. The fir ft , or Kelp pecu-
liarly fo called, Sea-Girdles, Sea-Laces, or Sea-
Thongs. It hn3 roundijh Roots , which are hairy and
blackifh on the oittjidc , f rom whence rife up lmall,
round, long, white, hairy Heads, breaking out at the
fides as it were into Branches, on the tops whereof
Itand or grow three or four very long and narrow
foft green Leaves, fome being an Ell or more long,
and about an Inch broad-, this has neither Seed nor
Stalk, but lies on the Ground, until the Tide raife
it to float on the Water, which being broken by the
force of the Waves is carried to the Shoar, where it
is gathered and kept for many ufes.

V. The fecond, or Thick Broad Leaved Alga, Kelp,
or Sea- Girdles. This differs front the former, in that
the Root is wholly fibrous, the Stalk riftng from thence
thick and round, tiro, or three Inches high, and the
Leaf!, which is fometimes but one, and feldom two,
of a very great length, even divers Feet, or rather
Yards or Ells long, and above four Inches broad,
equal from a little above the fetting on to the end,
but fomewhat waved and crumpled on the edges,
being thick, and of a deep green color, fo foft and
moilt while it is frefh, that it is like unto moift
Glew or Geliy, and will hardly dry, unlefs it lies
long in the Sun, and will not be fit to be kept with-
out rotting until after it has been many days dried.

VI. The third, or Broad and Thin Leaved Alga,
Kelp, or Sea-Thongs. This is in all refpetts like
unto the loft, but that the Leaves are thinner , broad-
er, and Jhorter, yet crumpled on the edges, and of a
paler green color, and like unto thin Parchment.

VII. The fourth, or Winged Alga, Kelp, or Sea-
Girdle. This grows fafi upon Stones, and Shells oj
Tifhes, both in the deeper and Shallower places of the
Sea, having a round, dark, reddifh Stalk, of the big-
nefs of a Goofe Quill, which being grown to the full
length is very weak, lying on the Ground, unlefs the
Water raife it, and about four Feet long, on each
fide of which grows a Wing all the whole length of
it, like unto a Skin or Parchment, with Veins there-
in, which being like the Feathers of an Arrow, is
lmall below and broader above, equally to the top,

of two or three Inches breadth * the Leaves which
grow next the Ground are many, (and fome grow
alfo on the Stalk) of a yellower greenifh color, and
of an Hand breadth, being four, fix, or eight Inches
long, tough and pliable, or of a skinny fubftance,
like unto the other Girdles the Stalk does very well,
refemble a two edged Sword : this Kind of Alga or
Kelp is ufed to be drelfed and eaten by the Inhabi-
tants of the Sea Coalfs where it grows, after it is
cleared from the skinny Wings, and has a little
fweet tafte with its faltnefs, which makes it the
more acceptable to the Palate.

VIII. The fifth , or Great Alga, or Kelp, or Sea-
Girdles with Labels or Hangers on. The manner of
growing of this with its ufe is like the laft, but this
is the greateft of all thefe Seaweeds, having a Stalk
as thick as that of Angelica, of a brown Cheltnut
Color on the outfi.de, and fo are the round Leaves
likewife, which are fometimes four, five, or fix Feet
long, not being fo thick as ones little Finger, and.
ending in feveral broad and Short skinny Labels, in
like manner as the lower part of the Sword Hangers,
which are of a yellowifh color.

IX. Thefe fourth and fifth Kinds Johnfon upon
Gerard has thus deferibed. This Seaweed has a va-
rious Face, for fometimes from a fibrous Root, which
commonly grows to a Pibble Stone, or is faftned to
a Rock, it lends forth a round Stalk, feldom fo thick
as ones little Finger, and about half a Foot in length,
at the top of which grows out a fingle Leaf, fome-
times an Ell long, and then it is about the breadth
of ones Hand, ending in a fharp point, fo that it
very well refemblesa two edged Sword- fometimes
from the fame Root come forth two fuch fafhioned
Leaves, but then commonly they are lefler ^ fome-
times at the top of the Stalk it divides it felf into
eight, nine, ten, or twelve parts, more or lefs, and
that juft at the top of the Stalk, which leffer divifi-
ons never come to that length which the fingle
Leaves do ; this I judge to be the Tucus Polyfchidcs
Bauhini : now that thefe two Varieties are not feve-
ral Kinds I am certain-, at Margate in Kent, where
they grow, they call them Sea-Girdles, which Name
well befits the fingle one, and the divided they call
Sea-Hangers , for if you hang the tops downwards
they do reafonably well refemble the old fafhioned
Sword Hangers -, thus much for their Shape : now
for their Color, which is not the fame in all, fome
are more green, and thefe can fcarcely be dried, 0--
thers are whitifh, and they do quickly dry, and then
both in Color and Subftance are fo like Parchment,
that fuch as know them not would at the firft view
take them to be nothing elfe^ this is of a glutinous
fubftance, and of a little faltifh tafte, and are faid
to be good Meat being boiled tender, and fo eaten
with Butter, Vinegar, and Pepper.

X. The fixth, or Long, Narrow, and Thick Al-
ga, Kelp, or Sea-Girdles. The Root hereof is round
and flat, from whence fpring two or three narrow
thick Leaves, about a Foot and half long, divided in-
ti) feveral flat thick Thongs, like Leather, fome long,
and fome fhorter, and they again divided into fmal-
ler ones, with no fwoln Knots or Bladders thereon *
but there is another fort of this, which has fhorter
and narrower Leaves, the Stalks ending all in fwoln
points. Johnfon upon Gerard has a better Defcrip-
tion hereof, viz. This grows to the length of five
or fix Feet, is fmooth and membranous, being about
half a Fingers breadth, and varioufly divided, like
to wet Parchment, or Leather cut into Thongs, with-
out any fwoln Knots or Bladders -, but the other
fort has long and fiat Stalks, like the other, but
the Stalks are thick, and fet with fwoln Knots or
Bladders, out of which grow fometimes little Leaves,
but in other refpefts it is not unlike the former ;

thefe

586

Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. I.

Chap. 41^. EngUJh Herbs.

thefe two Kinds are the ft tens Marinas fecundus (fl
tertius Dodonai.

XI. The feventh, or Kelp, or Seaweed with skin-
ny Horns. It has a Stalk a little above an Hand
breadth long , an Inch and half broad , divided into
fever al Branches , fome broader , and others narrower ,
varying wonderfully , each of which ends in Jhort
parts , /V/o: unto fmall Horns ; oj this there are divers
forts , differing fomewhat, tho' not much one from ano-
ther : thefe arc J, aid to cure the longing of Women
with Child.

XII. The eighth , or Dying Red Sea Alga, Kelp,
or Mofs. It grows unto fome Rock or Stone , with-
out any appearance of a Root , unlefs it is a flat kind
of Skin , from whence rife up fever al Stalks , which
are foft , and not above four or five Inches high , from
each Stalk of which fhoot forth feveral Branches on
both fides, and fome of them again divided into lef-
fer, all of them ftored with fine fmall Leaves, as
fmall as Camomil Leaves, or rather like unto fennel
Leaves, of a fubilance much like to that of the
Stalks, foft in handling at firft, eafie to be bended,
■and almoft tranfparent, if they be interpofed to the
Light, of a reddilh or purpliih Color, but with
fome whitenefs mixed together; this is not fo brit-
tle as Coralline when it is dried, but grows more
tough thereby, and being put into Water and Beep-
ed a while therein it grows foft again ; it is ufed by
feveral Mechanicks to ftrike a deep Crimfon, or red-
dilh Purple Color, which will laft long-, and out of
this a Red Lake may be made, as well as out of
Kermes Berries , Brafil, Madder , Corn Poppies, Red
Rofes, Carnations , Sun-flower, Saffron, Broom-flow-
ers, and other things of like kind.

XIII. The Places. Thefe are all of them found
on many of our Eng/ifh, Scottijb , and Irifh Shoars,
on the Coafts of Holland and franco, as alfo on the
Shoars of warmer Countries ; the fourth and fifth
were found at Margate.

XIV. The Times. They flourifh in the Summer,
and end of Summer, thofe being the chief times of
their beauty and ufe.

XV. Their Qualities, Specification, Preparations
and Virtues are much the fame with thofe of Kali
in the aforegoing Chapter, and out of thefe as good
Pot Aihes are made as out of any of the Kali’s, or
Glafsworts.

KIDNEYWORT, See Navelwort Chap.
KIK, See Spurge Great Indian Chap.
KINGCOB, See Crowfoot Chap. 172.
KINGSCROWN, See Mehlole Chap.

CHAP. CCCCXIII.

Of K I N G S-S P E A R,

0 R,

Small Yellow A S P H O D I L.

I* H E Names. It has no known Greek Name,

X the Latines call it Afphodelus lute us minor ,
Haft id a Regia , and Ecemini Dionyfij Dodonai , in Eng-
lifh Kings-Spear , or Small Tel low Afphodil.

II. T he Kinds. It is the fourth Species of the
Afphodil Treated of in Chap. 3?. Se£t 2. aforego-
ing, and a lingular Plant of the Species-

III. The Defcription. It bar 'Roots proceeding
from one Head , which are many , long and J. lender ,
fmaller than thofe of the other Yellow forf, and by
its long j. lender Strings fpreading in the Ground it
does much increafe : This Small Tellow Afphodil , or'
Kings-Spear , has many long, narrow, edged Leaves,
which are chamfered, or furrowed, which makes
them feem threefquare, of a blewilh or whitifh
green color ^ the Stalk is round, and rifes up to be
fometimes two or three Feet high, befet with fmall
long Leaves up unto the very Flowers * the Flowers
which grow thereon from the middle to the top are
very many, in fhape like to the Flowers of the other
Kinds, they grow thick together, and Spike falhion,
one above another, for a gfeat length, .and wholly
yellow, laid open like a Star, fomewhat fmaller
than the Great White Afphodil , and fomewhat great-
er than the Lcffcr Afphodil , which when they are
paft fmall round Heads or Seed Velfels come in their
places, in which is contained fmall, black, cornered
Seed, almoft threefquare.

IV. The Cut which we have exhibited in the third
place in Chap. 35. Se£L 6. aforegoing is that which
Gerard has given us for Kings-Spear , and the Cut
for Gerard's fourth Kind of Afphodil is that which
P arkinfon has exhibited for Kings-Spear in his The-
atrum Botanic um Pag. 1218. but that which Mat-
thiol us has let forth in his Compendium Pag. 342. is
much more like the true Plant, excepting in its Head
of blowers, which is the true form of the Head be-
fore it (hoots up into its long Spike, for afterwards
when it grows up and dilates it felf it differs not
much from the foikednefs of the other Afphodil s-
and this Figure of MatthiolUs is that which we have
given you in this place.

V. The Places. It grows naturally in Italv, Spain,
Southern parts of F ranee, and other hot Countries,
from whence it has been brought to us, and is only
nurfed up in our Gardens.

VI. The Times. It Flowers in the latter part of
Summer, as in July, and Auguft, and the Seed is
ripe about a Month after.

Ffff 2

VII. As

Salmon' '* Herbal.

Lib. I.

VII. As to the Qualities, Specification, Prepara-
tions and Virtues hereof, they are much the fame
with thofe of the Common Afphod.il in Chap. 3!>*
Se£t o, ad 23. aforegoing.

CHAP. CCCCXIV.

Of KNAP WEED Common,

0 R

MATFELLON.

jiu ye.'n ;

H E ' Xames. It has no Greek Name, nor any
JL ancient Chime Name that I know of, but by
the modern Latines it is called facea, and in Eng-
lish Knapweed , or Mat fe lion.

' II. The Kinds. Knapweed is agreed upon by all
Authors to be a kindf of Scabious , and therefore Tra-
gus makes it to;be Scabiofa Quart a-, Gefner in Hor-
ns takes-ir ior.a Kind of Great Centory of the Mea-
dow, and thinks to be that Plant which Scaliger
calls Get by a nigra -,\ ‘Phallus in Harcynia calls it Cy-
an us SylveJJris^ A tig'ufiifoh us, but generally it is cal-
led Jacca, \k font hi /to Co/ore Florum ) We have di-
vided the Productions hereof into three Species, viz.

1. faced vulgaris. Our Vulgar or Common Knap-
weed, of which in this Chapter. 2. Stabe, Silver
Knapweed, of which in Chap. 415:. next following.

2. facea Spinofa, Thorny Knapweed, which third
Species, becaufe it is not found growing in England,
nor in any of our Foreign or IVeJl Indian Plantations
beyond Sea, we fhall fay no more of it in this Work.

Vnapiveed Mack common

III. The Kinds of the firji or Common Knapwee
Authors make fixteen or eighteen Kinds or Varieti-

hereof, of which not above five or fix grow in Eng-
land, of which we fhall only fpeak in this Chapter,
letting the others alone for a more general Work.
I. face a nigra vulgaris, facea nigra Pratenfis La-
tifolia Bauhini, Our Common Knapweed, or Mat-
fellon •, this Bauhine doubts whether it may not be
Solid ago Saracenic a Tonic eri. 2. facea nigra vulga-
ris laciniata Bauhini, facea ?najor Lobelij, facea
fexta C/ufij, facea hirfuto capite Camerarij, Our
other Common Wild Knapweed, or Great Knap-
weed. 3. facea laciniata alba. White Jagged Knap-
weed. 4. facea nigra Angufiifolia Bauhini , facea
nigra Lithofpermi Arvenfis Folijs, Narrow Leaved
Knapweed. 5. facea Montana Xarbonenfis Lobe-
lij , facea Mufcata, E? quinta Tabernamontani ,
facea Montana incana odora Bauhini , Narbone or
French Mountain Knapweed. 6. facea Montana
candidijfima Bauhini, facea Montana laciniata. Hoa-
ry White Mountain Knapweed.

IV. The Defcriptions. The firfl, or Our Com-
mon Knapweed, has a Rcot which is white, hard,
and woody, with fever al Fibres annexed thereto,
which penfhes not , but abides with Leaves thereon
all the Winter, and fhoots out frefh again every
Spring -, from this Root rife up many long and fome-
what broad dark green Leaves, fomething deeply-
dented about the edges, and fometimes a little rent
or torn as it were on both fides in two or three pla-
ces, and a little hairy withal, from among which
rifes up a ftrong round Stalk, four or five Feet high,
divided into many fmall Branches, at the tops where-
of ftand great fcaly green Heads, from whofe mid-
dle there is thruft forth a great number of dark,
purplifh, red Thrums or Threads, (and fometimes,
tho5 but rarely, white) in which after they are wi-
thered and paft away feveral black Seeds are found,
lying in a great deal of Down, fomewhat like unto
Thifile Seed, but fmaller.

V. The fecond, or Our other Common Wild
Knapweed, or Great Knapweed. The Roots are

like

Chap, ‘Engltjh ‘Herbs

like the former , blackijh , and. hard , with many Fi-
bres-, this Other Wild Knapweed rgjr^m with us
among Com very much , as well as in Meadows , and
it grows with greater and taller Stalks than the for-
mer; the Leaves both below and above upon them
are much divided on both fides, even to the middle
Rib, almoft like the Great Scabious of Matthiolus ,
but of a dark green color, and as rough, or rougher ;
than the former, or firft Common Kind, the Icaly
Heads on the tops of the Branches are greater, and
the Flowers larger, and of a deeper red color; the
Seed is alfo like to the firft aforegoing.

this Root rife up feveral Stalks, furnifhed with pret-
ty large whitilh green Leaves, very much jagged,
divided or cut in on each fide to the middle Rib ;
thefe Stalks rife up to be fometimes about two Feet
high, replenilhed with like Leaves from the bottom
almoft to their tops, and they likewife branch out
almoft from the Ground on all fides with lelfer
Branches, which are alfo befet with like Leaves,
but lelfer and lels jagged as they approach near the
tops; at the tops of the Stalks and Branches grow
fuch like fcaly Heads as on the former, and with
the like pleafant Flowers, made of fine Threads, as
the others are, riling out of them, faving that thefe
are purely of a white color.

VII. The fourth , or Narrow Leaved Knapweed.
Its Root is long , hard , and blackijh , and repleat with
many fmall Fibres ; from this rifes up a round ', rough,
green Stalk , about a Foot and half high , on each fide
of which are fet narrow , rough , fhort, and fomewhat
hoary green Leaves , compajfng it at the bottom , and
divided into fome other Branches above, on the top
of each of which ftands a fcaly, whitifh, green Head,
out of the middle of which rife many fmall long
Threads, like unto the former, but Imaller, and of
a pale reddiih color, after which follows fmall black

Seed, like the other ; of this fort alfo there is one
whole Stalk and Leaves are longer, and ftnooth, all
over hairy, foft, and woolly.

VIII. The fifth, or French Mountain Knapweed -
It has a Root which is long, fender , with fome Fibres
adjoining to it, and of a bitter tajle, from which Root
fpring Jonh feveral long winged Leaves, very much
divided on both fides into other fmall, long, and nar-
rower ^ ones, but they little or nothing again divided,
of a light green color on the upper fide, and hoary
white underneath, and a little rough or hard withal,
fomewhat like unto the Fellow Knapweed with prick-
ly Jihads-, from among thefe Leaves rifes up a round
Stalk, fomething rough alfo, and about a Foot high,
without many Branches, but bearing three or four
fcaly Heads at the tops, with each of them a long,
narrow, divided Leaf at the foot, and thrufting
forth for a Flower many purple Threads in the mid-
.dle, fmelling fweet, after which comes the Seed,
not unlike the other Knapweeds , but lelfer.

IX. The fxth, or Hoary White Mountain Knap-
weed. It has a thick woody Root, which fends forth
divers winged Leaves, lying upon the Ground round
about it, very much jagged, rent or torn on bothfdes
into many fmall Leaves, which are each of them deep-
ly dented on the edges, fomewhat like unto the Leaves
of the falfe Stcebe in the next Chapter, all covered
over with a hoary white Cotton or Wooll, or as it
were fprinkled with fine Wheat Flower, or Meal,
Tom among which rifes up a crefted, white, hoary
Stalk, a Foot, or Foot and half high, fcarcely ha-
ving any Leaves thereon to the top, where it bears
only two or three fcaly Heads of Flowers, like the
others, with purple Threads riling out of their mid-
dle, which being paft away leave Seed like the reft.

_ X. The Rlaces. The firft grows with us in moft
Fields and Meadows, and about their borders, and
near Hedge fides, and in many wafte Grounds, al-
moft every where ; the fecond grows in many pla-
ces of this Land, alfo among Corn, as . well as in
other Fields, and grows in an efpecial manner about
Coventry-, the third is alfo found growing wild in
feveral places of England, Johrfon fays he found it
growing wild in a Field near Martin Abby in Surry,
as alfo m the Ife of Tenet ; the fourth grows about
Padua in Italy, . and Mompelier in Prance, and other
like warm Countries; the fifth upon the Hills of
Caflrum novum, near Mompelier ; the fixth about
Capua in Italy, but with us theft three laft grow on-
ly in Gardens.

XI. The Times. They all Flower in June and
July , and their Seed- is ripe in July\ or Auguft, or
September , according as their Flowering is, either
early or late.

XU. The Vitalities. Knapweed is temperate in
reipect of heat, and dry in the begining of the fe-
cond degree, Aftringent, Ablfeiiive, Traumatick or
Vulnerary, Antiemmenagogick, and Analeprick.

XIII. The specification. It is a peculiar Cure
for all fluxes of Blood, whether internal or external,
whether in the Stomach or other Bowels, whether
by ruptures of any Blood Veil'd or opening of their
Mouths-, it is good alfo to flop the flux of Humors
to any Wound, Sore, Ulcer, or Fiftula, to dry up
the moifture, and gently to heal the fame, without
any (harpnefs or biting.

XIV. The Preparations. You may have there-
from 1. A Liquid Juice. 2. An Effence. 3. A
DecoUion or Infufion in f Vine or Water of Herb and
Roots. 4. A Ponder of Herb and Roots. 5. A Gar.
gar if m. 6. A Ba/fam. 7. si Cataplafm.

59°

Salmon V Herbal. Lib. I.

The Virtues.

XV. The Liquid Juice. It is a very good aftrin-
gent, and helps to ftay fluxes both of Blood and
Matter, as fpitting or vomiting Blood, bleeding at
Nofe, and other outward parts, pifling of Blood,
alfo the violent overflowing of the Courfes in Wo-
men; it heals inward Wounds, alfo thole Veins
which are inwardly broken, and cures fluxes of the
Bowels, as Diarrhoea’s, Lienteria’s, and Dylenteria’s,
or Bloody Fluxes. Dofe three, or four, or more
Spoonfuls in Red Port Wine two or three times a
day, or as oft as need requires.

XVI. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice, but is much more powerful for Fluxes of the
Belly ; it ftrengthens the Stomach, and flops Vomit-
ing, it prevails again!! Catarrhs, or diftillations of
thin and fharp Humors falling upon the Lungs, and
is good for fuch as are bruifed by Falls, Blows, or
other Accidents. Dofe two or three Spoonfuls in a
Glafsof Wine Morning, Noon, and Night.

XVII. The Decotfion of Herb and Roots in Wine
or Water . It has all the Virtues of Juice and Ef-
fence, but much lefs powerful; it is good to walh
green Wounds, old running Sores, putrid Ulcers,
Fiftula’s, and the like, for it wafhes off, and clean-
fes them of their putrid matter and fanies, dries and
heals them, without any lharpnefs or biting ; it does
the like in running Sores and Scabs of the Head and
other parts. Dofe inwardly is five, fix, or eight
Ounces, fweetened with a little Sugar.

XVIII. The Louder of Herb and Roots. It is ad-
mirably drying and aftringent, for being ftrewed
thick upon any bleeding part it prefently flops the
afflux of Blood, and conglutinates the lips of a Am-
ple green Wound; ftrewed thick upon old and pu-
trid running Sores and Ulcers it cleanfes them, dries
up the Humors flowing, and difpofes them to heal-
ing; a Dram of the Pouder given inwardly in Red
Port Wine Morning and Evening flops all inward
fluxes of the Bowels.

XIX. The Gargarifm. Take of the E (fence two
Ounces , of the Decotfion four Ounces , Alum two
Drams , Honey an Ounce , mix and diffolve. It heals
forenefs of Mouth, Gums, and Throat, and affwa-
ges the fwellings of the Uvula and Jaws ; it is alfo
good for green Wounds, to flop the bleeding, and
conglutinate the lips of the Wound.

XX. The Balfam. It digefts, cleanfes, incarnates,
dries, and heals all forts of Wounds, Ulcers, and
putrid running Sores in what part of the Body fo-
ever, and put fcalding hot into Fiftula’s it dilfolves
the callous, and caufes them in a Ihort time to be
cured.

XXI. The Cataplafm. Made of the Herb and
Roots boiled foft, and brought to a thicknels with
Pouder of Cemfrey Roots, and applied, it is faid to
be available for the Cure of Ruptures, the DecoUi-
on in Wine being alfo taken inwardly for fome con-
liderable time.

XXII. Laftly, it is to be noted, that the Vitali-
ties ^ Specifications and Virtues of this Herb are in a
manner the fame with thole of Scabious, this being
a Species thereof, and therefore for a more full ac-
count thereof we lhall refer you thither.

CHAP. CCCCXV.

Of KNAPWEED Silver,

0 R

Falfe S T O E B E.

1. /TIII. * V H E Names. This Plant was doubtlefs un

JL known to the Ancient Greeks , as alfo to the
Ancient Latines , but the Moderns call it 'Stcebe,
which is not the true Stcebe of Diofcorides and
Theophraftt/s , that being the Pimpinella Spinofa , or
Thorney Burnet , whereas this Yalfe Stcebe feems tru-
ly to be of the Stock of the Knapweeds , and there-
fore may more properly be called in Latine Stcebe
Notha vel Spuria , and in Englifh Bafiard or Yalfe
Stcebe , or Silver Knapweed.

II. The Kinds. Authors have made many forts
of this Silver Knapweed , but the chief which w'e
lhall take notice of are thefe following, viz. i. Stce-
\be Salamantica prim a. Clufij , Aphyllanthes prime Do •
donai , Stcebe major Yolijs Cichoraceis mollibtts languid
nofis Bauhini , Clufius his firft Spanilh Silver Knap-
weed. 2. Stcebe Salamantica fecunda Clufij , alfo
S tabes Salamantica primee altera Species ejufdem
Authorise Stcebe Argent e a incana Lobelij , Aphyllan-
.thes tertia Dodon&i , Stcebe major Yolijs Erucce mol li-
ft ns languinofis Bauhini , Clufius his lecond Spanilh
Silver Knapweed. 3. Stcebe Salamantica Argent ea
■Lobe If alfo Stcebe Salamantica Argent e a minor,
Stcebe Salamantica tertia Clufij , Aphyllanthes quarta
Dodonai , Stcebe Calyculis Argent eis Bauhini, Lobel’s
Silver Headed Knapweed. 4. Stcebe Auftriaca ela -
■tior Clufij , Stcebe Gallic a, Stcebe Calyculis Argent eis
major Bauhini , The Greater Silver Knapweed of
Auftria. 5. Stcebe Aufiriaca humilior & humilis
Clufij , Centaurij majoris Species minor Gefneri in
Colletfione Stirpium , Stcebe incana Cyano Jimilis te-
nuifolia Bauhini , Silver Knapweed of Auftria the
Leffer. 6. Stcebe Argent e a Ylore albo minor, Stcebe
Calyculis Argent eis minor Bauhini , face a Ylore al-
bo Gerardi Lf Tabernamontani, The Leffer Silver
Knapweed with a white Flower. 7. Stcebe Plant a -
ginis Yolio Alpini fin Lib. de Plantis exoticis ) Nar-
row Leaved Silver Knapweed of Candy.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft , or Clufius his
firft Spanilh Silver Knapweed. It ha s a Root which
is white , long, and woody , when it is grown above
two Tears old , and then oftentimes perifhes in the
Winter, otherwife it abides well, and will ufually
Ylower and Seed two Winters , if they be not too ex-
treamly cold, or do not ft and. too much in the Wea-
ther-, from this Root rife up feveral Targe winged
Leaves, lying on the Ground, very much cut in on
both fides into large pieces, but each of them fet
clofer together than the next, of a fad green Color
on the upper fide, and fomewhat whitilh underneath,
very hairy all over, as alfo the ftrait ftrong Stalks,
which rile up to be three or four Feet high, or more,
with' feveral fuch like divided Leaves on them as
grow below, but much leffer, and every one lharp
at the points, divided in the top into divers Branch-
es, bearing upon long, bare, or naked Stalks, and
fomewhat long, fmall, fcaly, fmooth, round, green
Heads, but feeming more neatly contrived together
than any of the Heads of the former Knapweeds ,
from the fmall tops whereof rife many ’fine Purplilh
or Crimfon Threads or Thrums, or of a Color be-

tween both, Handing round together, and lometbihg

whiter

Chap. 415. 'Englijh Herbs.

59 1

whiter at the bottoms of them, which fo Itand in the
Flower near a Month before they fade, in the mean
feafon the Seed ripens in the Heads, which is fmall,
not much bigger than the Cyanns , but not fo great
as the Ordinary Knapweed.

IV. The fecond , or Clufius his fecond Silver Knap-
weed. It hits a Root which is white and long , not
enduring after Seed time * it has many divided hai-
ry and lomewhat hoary Leaves, lying on the Ground,
divided into feveral parts on both fides, but more
feparate one from another than the former j the
Stalks are fomewhat hairy or hoary alfo, but Itand
not fo upright as the former, rather leaning down-
wards, by reafon of their weaknefs ^ thefe Stalks are
divided into many Branches, bearing at their tops
fcaly Heads, a little larger, from whence (hoot
forth larger Flowers alfo than the former, whofe
outward Leaves are made like thofe of the Cyanifs ,
or Cornflower , of a fair purplifti red Color, with
fuch like colored Threads or Thrums in their mid-
dles as are in that jull aforegoing, with whitifh and
yellowilh bottoms ^ the Seed ripens in the time of
Flowering, and is like the former.

V. The third. , or Lobel’s Silver Headed Knapweed,
which is the third Kind of Clufius- The Root is fome-
ihing thick and long , and abides fometimes after Seed
time , it has many Leaves rifling fro?n the Root , but
they are much more divided , and into J trailer parts
than either of the aforegoing , being more hoary, or
of a whiter green Color than they, the Stalks are in
the fame manner hoary, and rifes up as high as the
frit, with thin, cut, or divided Leaves upon them
lharp at the points, but fmaller and fmaller up to
the tops, where they are much divided into Branch-
es, and bearing at their ends Icaly green Heads, but
more white edged Leaves, feeming as if they were
Silvered, out of which come forth fmall purple
Flowers, like the reft, but fmaller, the Seed hereof
lying in the Downy Heads, as the others do, but are
fomething blacker than they, each having an hairy
top on them.

VI. The fourth , or Greater Silver Knapweed of
Auftria. This does not much differ from the l aft nei-
ther in its manner of growing , nor in its form of the
Leaves , nor in its height , nor in its Stalk , but only
in its fcaly Heads , which are not of fuch a Jhining
white Silver like Color , and in this confifls the whole
difference.

VII. The fifth , or Silver Knapweed of Auftria
the leffer. There is likewife but very little differ-
ence in any particulars between this and the lafl , its
chief variation is in the lownefs of its growing and
flendernefs of the Staff by which it is made a dimi-
nutive Flant of the kind.

VIII. The fixth , or Leffer Silver Knapweed with
a white Flower. Nor is there much difference or
variety between this and the lafl , but only in the
Flower, which conflfls wholly of white Threads vr
Thrums , without having any other Color joined or
mixed with it.

IX. The feventh , or Narrow Leav’d Silver Knap-
weed of Candy. It has a white Root , and of a Fin-
gers thicknefs in magnitude , it is but a fmall Riant ,
end has divers long , foft, fat , and narrow Leaves ,
lying next the Ground , a little dented on the edges ,
but thofe which grow up upon flender Stalks , of about
a handful long , are not dented at all, but refemble
Ribwort Plantane Leaves , and are of a yellowifh
green Color , the tops of the Stalks are replenffed
with fmall long Husks or Heads , out of which grow
yellow F lowers, and after them fmall long Seed , like
unto that of Scabious.

X. Not a. Clufius fays that the Spaniards call
the firft by the Name of Cabefuela, id eft Capitulum ,

a^ little Head, and they ufually make Brooms or
Befoms thereof to fweep their Houfes, and that the
Learned Phvficians there do ufe the third Kind in-
stead of Scabious for all the Purpoles thereof

XI. The P laces. The firft three Kinds do grow
in feveral places of Spain, efpecially about Salaman-
ca, as Clufius fays •, the fourth, fifth and fixth grow
in Auftria, and ‘the feventh, (as its Title teftifies)
in Candy, but by tranfplantation they are nurfed up
in feveral Gardens of the Curious here in England.

XII. The Times. The firft fix .do all Flower in
the Summer Months of June and July, that of Can-
dy Flowers fomething later, viz. in Auguft, if any
early Froft: takes them they immediately wither, al-
tho’ in their own natural places, which are the warm
Countries, and w'here they continue many Years.

XIII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations
and Virtues are the fame with thofe of the Vulgar
or Common Knapweeds in the former Chapter, and
to that I refer you •, Authors fay that all the forts
of Knapweed come fomewhat nigh unto the Quali-
ties of Scabious, to which for their full Virtues you
ought to be directed, and know that what Remedies
may be had from and what Dileafes Scabious may
be applied to, the fame the Knapweeds are produ-
ctive of and equally efficacious in.

CHAP. CCCCXVI.

Of K N A W E L?

0 R,

German KNOTGRASS.

I. np H E Names. It has neither Greek nor Anci-
X ent Latine Names that I know' of, our Mo-
derns call it Polygonum Germanicum, and we in Eng-
lift) Knawel, or German Knotgrafs.

Ii. The Kinds. We have two Kinds hereof viz.
1. Polygonum Germanicum , Knawel Ger manor urn.
Polygon 1 Species Tragi, Poly car pan, (from the abun-
dance of Seed) and Pofycnemon, (from its many Vir-
tues) Polycarpon Lugdunenfis, Polygonum exiguum
DodonKi, in his Pemptades , Polygonum Selinoides Ge-
rardi, but this is an improper Name, for it has no
Leaves like Selinum, or Par fly. Common Knawel, or
German Knotgrafs I know fome would have this
Plant to be Saxifraga Anglicana Lobelij, but I think
it may be a^>pecies thereof the form and ftrong
fweet fmell nvhich Tragus fays it has inducing me
to think fo, (this being the Knawel Tragi ) but the
fmall green Flowers and Seed in them are much dif-
fering from the Pink-like white Flowers in that. 2.
Polygonum Germanicum alter urn. Polygonum Li tor e-
um minus Flofculis fpadiceo albic antibus. The fe-
cond Knawel, or other German Knotgrafs 5 Bauhi-
nus fays that there is feveral Varieties of this Ger-
man Knawel, of which this fecond Kind is one of
them, and the two following are alfo thought to be
Species of the fame Plant, viz. 3. Polygonum Monta-
num Niveum Lobelij, Polygonum Montanum mini-
mum Niveum Cf Sericeum, Polygoni Hifpanici genus
Clufij, Paronychia Hifpanica Clufij, Polygonum Alon-
tanum Tabernamontani tfi Gerardi, Polygonum minus
candicans Bauhini, White Mountain Knotgrafs, or
Knawel. 4. Polygonum Valentinum , Polygonum
Montanum, Anthyllidis Species, Anthyllis Valentina
Clufij, Spanifh Mountain Knotgrafs, or Knawel;

tho’

59

Salmon’ j' ‘Herbal . Lib. I.

tho’ this may be accounted a Kind of Antbylli s,
{Bauhinus accounting it among his Anthy Hides) yet
it cannot be the Antbylli s quinta Diofcoridis , becaufe
that has upright Stalks, which this has not.

HI. The Defcriptions. The JtrJi , or Common
Knawel, or German Knotgrafs. It has a Root which
is fmall , (lender, and fibrous of thready , from whence
come forth fever al J, mail Branches , not /*//)>
down on the Ground , /»/?// * Fa* Atfg, more. , and^

_/>/// of Joints , rf>/r£/y Jet together , at every one of
which ftand many very fmall and long pointed
Leaves, of a greyifh green, or Afh Color, which are
of an unequal length, two for the molt part longer
than the other; at thefe Joints’ with the Leaves come
forth divers fmall, Herby, or green Star-like Flowers,
thick let together, which being fallen away there
appears in very fmall Husks, no bigger than Millet
Seed, a great {lore of very fmall Seed, like Duff, of
the Seed of He mi aria, or Rupturewort •, which are
of a quick hot fmell, and fomewhat fweet.

IV. The fecond Knawel, or other German Knot-
grals. It has a Root which is fmall , long , and white ,
the whole Riant very much refcmbling the former ,
both in its manner of growing and in its /lender trail-
ing Branches , which have fmall, long, hoary or
giayilh green Leaves, many fet together at a Joint,
hut that they are longer than they, fome of thefe
being two Inches long, efpecially of thole next the
Root; the Flowers hereof Hand or grow not at the
Joints with the Leaves, but at the tops of the Stalks
and Branches, many cluttering together, which are
very fmall, and white on the infide, but of a brown-
ifh red Color on the outfide, which afterwards turn
into a plentiful Crop of very fmall Seed.

V. The third, or White Mountain Knotgrafs, or
Knawel. It Jus a Root which is fmall , long , and
white , not pcnfhing in Winter in its native Clime or
place of growth, no not fo much as its Branches or
Leaves, but it will not endure our cold Nights and
« iercing Blahs, and therefore dies with us, unlefi
; /•„•/ c seed toilh great Care and Circumf pelt ion. This
Herb is a line, white, and Silver like Plant, efpeci
ally growing in the hotter Climates, and when it is
grown old, fo that it gives much delight to the be-
holders; it fpreads many weak trailing Branches
upon the Ground, jn fome places not paft a Hands
breadth, in others a Foot long, as full or fuller of
Joints than any of the Kinds of Knotgrafs in Chap.
418. following, which are thick fet alfo with fmal-
lcr Branches, on which are placed very fmall long
Leaves, lying almott like Scales upon the whitifh
hard Stalks-, thefe Leaves are green at the firtt, and
tender, but when they are grown old they will be
of a fhining Silver Color, and hard, like Skins or
Parchment ; the tops of the Stalks and Branches are
thick fet with fmall, white, Silver like Leaves, and
at the Joints come forth very fmall white Flowers,
fcarcely to be difeerned, which being patt away are
followed by exceeding finall Seed.

VI. The fourth, or Spanifh Mountain Knotgrafs,
or Knawel. Its Root is fmall, long, and blackifh on
the outfide, it is a fmall Riant, and by fome referred
to the Anthyllides, but by others accounted a fmall
kind of Knotgrafs, or Knawel, it ttioots forth many
fmall, weak, reddifh Branches, lying upon the
Ground, and not able to ftand upright, about a Foot
long, parted into many other fmaller Branches, on
which grow at feveral joints and fpaces many fmall
Leaves together, like unto thofe of Time Spurge,
on which, as well as on the Stalk, there appears a
fhew of mealinefs, as many Sea Plants have-, with
the Leaves come forth fmall, purplifh, white Flow-
ers, confiftlng of four Leaves apiece.

VII. The Rlaces. The two firtt: grow in feveral
places of England, the firtt of them about Chipnam.
in the Weft Country, and the fecond in dry, Sandy,
and Rocky places; the third grows in Spain, and
the Southern parts of Trance, and the fourth about
the Cattle of Valentia in Spain, and other places,
with us they are only nurfed up in Gardens.

VIII. The Times. They all flourifh and are frefh
and green in the Summer Months, and continue
their verdure till cold Weather comes in, which
caufes them to wither and dry, in the mean feafon
they Flower and perfeU their Seed.

IX. The Qualities. They are Aperitive, Abfter-
five, Vulnerary, Diuretick, Nephririck, and Lithon-
triptick.

X. The Specification. They are powerful to break
the Stone, and give eafe in the Strangury, efpecial*
ly the firtt and fecond Kinds.

XI. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
A Liquid Juice. 2. An Effence. 3. A Decotti-

on in Wine. 4. A Ponder. 5. A Mixture .

The Virtues.

XII. The Liquid Juice. Tragus fays that. Knaw-
el has the fame Properties which Knotgrafs has, and
may ferve to all Intentions inttead thereof, as well
for inward as outward Remedies ; it opens obltru-
ftions of the Reins, Ureters, and Bladder, gives eafe
in the Strangury, and is laid to be very powerful to
break the Stone. Dofe three, four, or fix Spoon-
fuls, mix’d with any proper Wine, or other Vehicle.

XIII. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice, but much more powerful to the Intentions.
Dofe three or four Spoonfuls in fome fit Vehicle in
the Morning fatting, and at Night; outwardly ufed
to Wounds and Ulcers it cleanfes, dries, and heals
them admirably, by only wafhing therewith, and
applying Stuphs dipt therein, it conglutinates the
lips of green Wounds in a very fhort time.

XIV. The DecoHion in Wine. It has the Virtues
of the Juice and Effence, but not altogether fo pow-
erful, it cleanfes the Reins, Bladder, and Womb
very forcibly, and is a good Lotion for the cleanling
and drying of foul and running Ulcers.

XV. The Pouder. It provokes Urine, expels
Sand, Gravel, and Tartarous Matter from the Uri-
nary parts, and ttrewed upon fimple Wounds it con-
glutinates and heals them, it flops a flux of Blood
in green Wounds, and a flux of Humors in Ulcers,
being ttrewed thick thereon. Dofe inwardly a Dram
at a time. Morning and Night, in a Glafs of White
Port Wine.

XVI. The Mixture. By waffling a fimple green
Wound herewith it conglutinates the lips thereof
upon the fpot, it cleanfes Ulcers, reprefies fluxions
of Humors upon the fame, the part and parts adja-
cent being fomented warm therewith, it dries up
their humidities, and difpofes them to a fpeedy
healing. This Mixture is made by mixing the Li-
quid

Chap. 417. "Englijh "Herbs.

59

quii Juice or EJfence three parts, with choice Brandy
one part, and. digejling them together twenty four
Hours.

CHAP. CCCCXVII.

O/KNEEHOLM,

O R

BUTCHER S-B ROOM.

I-'T' H E Haines. It is called in Greek 'ofy/mim,

X Oxymyrfme , i. e. Myrtus acuta, Rlvtm dyeia,
Myrtus Sylvefiris, (but there is another Myrtus Syl-
vcfiris among the Ancients, which is like the Tame
or Manured Kind, which Pliny Lib. 1 ;. Cap. 7. con-
founds together) M-jf-mVarSa, Myrlacanrha, Myrtus
Spinofa , Meajau>6a, Murina Spina , and by Theophra-
Jtus Kurotnrfim, Centromyrrhine , in Latine Rufous,
and Rufcum, and by the Apothecaries Brufcus, and
oi fome, as Marcellus lays, Scope Regia-, Pliny fays
it is called Chamtemyrftne, and Acaron, or rather A-
ceron, which is one of their baftard Names, in Eng-
lijh Knecholm, and Butchers-Broom.

II. The Kinds. Authors have not yet found out
more than one lingular Species of this Plant.

thick, whitilh, and fhort, fomewhat like unto thofe
of Afparagus, but greater, which in fome places are
eaten in the fame manner as we eat Afparagus-,
thele ri fing up to be a Foot and half high are fpread
into divers Branches, green, and fomewhat crefted

with the roundnefs, which are tough, pliant, and
flexible, on which are fet fomewhat broad and al~
mod round hard Leaves, lharp and prickly pointed
at their ends, oi a dark green Color, and fomewhat
like unto Myrtle Leaves, two for the moll part fet
at a place, very dole or near together; about the
middle of the Leaf, on the back or lower fide, from
the middle Rib, comes forth a fmall whitilh green
Flower, confiding of four fmall round pointed Leaves,
Handing upon a very Ihort or no foocitalk, in whole
place, (being pad away) comes a fmall round Berry,
green at the firft, but when it is ripe red, much like
to an Afparagus Berry, but greater, in which are con-
tained two or three white, hard, round Seeds.

IV. T he Places. It grows generally in mod pla-
ces throughout England, in Copfes, and upon Heaths,
and on rough, barren, and .wade Grounds, and ole
times under or near Holly Bullies; it grows upon
Hemp fil'd Heath, not far Ifom London, and in many
places in Kent , Ejjex, and Barkjhire , almoll in every
Copfe and low Wood.

V. The Times. Ir Ihoots forth its young Buds
in the begining of the Spring, which are eaten in
fome places (as aforelaid) as our young Afparagus-,
the Berries are ripe in Augufl and September, the
Branches and Leaves abiding green all the Winter.

VI. The Qualities. The whole Plant, Roots,
Leaves, and Berries are powerfully Aperitive, Ab-
derfive, Diuretick, and Vulnerary, Peflotal, Ne-
phritic!;, Hyderick, and Arrhritick.

VII. The specification. It is a peculiar thing a-
gaind the Dropfie, efpecially that called an Afcites,
opens Obltru&ions of the Urinary paffages, and con-
folidates broken Bones.

VIII. The Preparations. The Root is chiefly
made ufe of to all the Intentions for which the Plant
is ufed, and the fame is accounted one of the five
opening Roots; therefrom you may make, 1. A
Juice or EJfence. 2. A DecoSion in Wine. Of
the young Sprouts a Sallet. 4. Of the Branches,
Brooms or Befouls. 5. A Decotlion of Leaves and
Berries.

The Virtues.

IX. The Juice or E fence. It powerfully opens
Obdruffions of, Liver, Spleen, Gall Bladder, Reins,
Ureters, and Bladder, provokes Urine, and amends
the ill fmell thereof, it helps to expel Gravel and
the Stone, gives eafe in the Strangury, and provokes
Womens Monthly Courfes, it helps the Yellow
Jaundice, and the Headach, and made into a Lohoch
with Honey it expeflorates Flegm, and cleanfes the
Thorax, or Lungs, and Stomach of Flegm and clam-
my Humors gathered together therein. Dofe from
one Spoonful to two, three, or four, in a GDIs of
White Port Wine twice a day.

X. The Decoffion in Wine. It has all the former
Virtues, tho’ not altogether fo powerful, and may
be given Morning and Evening from four to eight
Ounces, or ten in Dofe, befides which it is effeftual
in knitting and confblidating of broken Bones, and
flrengthning parts out of joint, and other weak Limbs,
for which it is not much inferior to Comfrcy, or So-
lomon’s-Seal , drinking this Decoffion, and applying
the fail Roots Pultice-wife unto the pates affected.
Rivenus in his Obfetvations fays, that a Beggar-
Man was affeSed with the Dropfie three Months,
whereby his Belly grew exceeding big, and becaufe
his Poverty would not afford him the choicer Medi-
caments, he ufed, by the Advice of a Country Wo-
man, a DecoSion of the Roots of Kneeholm, or
Butchers-Broom, and was purged twice or thrice
with an Infufion of Sena, and with thefe Remedies

Gggg alone

! ,;-i

S

alone he was perfedly cured ; a ftrong Decodion or
Intufion alio ot it in Water having been plentifully
ufed Morning and Night by it felf, alfo boiled in
Wine or Broth, and eaten as Food with the 'Wine
or Broth for a Month or five Weeks fpace, has been
found by Experience to cure an A/cites , and it cured
this kind of Dropfie in two Young Maidens, the one
of which lived in good Health many Years after it-
another Woman was cured of a Dropfie of the
Womb, as was fuppofed, with this Medicament, from
whom it brought away with a kind of impetus or
violence about ten Gallons of Water; a Decodion
of this Root, Roots of the Blue Ylovserdeluce , and
fennel Roots in Water or Wine being ufed for fome
time has been found of admirable ufe for the cure of
thele kind of Dropfies of the Belly, and Dodo nx us
is not Iparing in its Praifes for this purpofe.

XI. The Sallet made oj the young Sprouts. It is
prepared as are thofe of Afparagus , and eaten in the
fame manner, and fo eaten the faid Sprouts open
Obftrudions of Liver, Spleen, Reins, Ureters, and
Bladder, cleanfing thofe parts of Fceculencies, but
they are nothing near fo eftedual as are the Juice,
Effence, or Decodion of the Roots in Sed. 9. and
10. aforegoing.

XII. Brooms or Bcfoms. Formerly Hufwives made
ufe of this Plant to make Befoms of to fweep the
Houfe, from whence came the Name Scopa Regia ,
as being ufed alfo in Kings Chambers, but now thro'
the Revolution of Times they are changed toBruflies,
tor cleanfing Butchers Stalls, from whence came the
Name of Butcbers-Broom.

XIII. The Decoflitn of Leaves and Berries in
Wine. This, according to Diojeoridcs , has all the
tame Fffeds with the Decodion of the Ro.ots, but
in my Opinion the Preparation of the Roots is much
the more powerful.

gonum Germanicum Bauhini , Knawel, of which we
have already difeourfed in Chap. 416. aforegoing.

C H A P. CCCCXVIII.
Of KNOTGRASS,

0 R ,

SWINESGRASS.

The ' fames.

■£! Itod 7,

It is called in Greek tlvuynv,
midiis gcnubns crefcit, in Arabick Ba-
lia Trahagj, in Latins Polygonum, Sanguinaria , Satie
guinalk, Semi nahs , Profi rpinaca, in Englijh Knot-
graft, Swinesgrafs, and Birdstonguc.

JL The' Kinds. Authors make feven feveral forts
of cius Plant, viz. i, notfiysvov appat, Polygonum Mas.
Polygonum ■oulgare tnajusg Polygonum Mafculutn ,
Our Greater or Common Knotgrals. 2. Polygonum
vulgar e minus. The I. offer Common Knotgrals. e
Polygonum minus brcviorc Folio, Small Short Leaved
Knotgrals, this Bauhinus in his Pinas c takes to be
Polygonum Mafculum F'rinicofum Tbalijin his Har-
cynia Sylva , alio the Sedum minimum Arborefcens
VerniiculiUtm Lobelij. 4. Polygonum Saxatile Bau-
htm , Stone or Rock Knotgrals. Polygonum Ma-
rinum magus. & maximum Lobelij , Polygonum Mari-
numprimum IjigiUnenfis & Dalechampij, Polygonum
Mar mm Latifohum Bauhini , The Greater or Broad
Leaved Sea Knotgtafs. (5. Polygonum Marinum
minus. Polygonum Marinum alter um Dalechampij,
Polygonum Marttimtim AnguJI folium Bauhini , The
LolLi ot Narrow Leaved Sea Knotgrals. p.'Poly-

r III. The Defcriptions. The firjf, or Common
Knotgrafs. It has a Root which Is reddijh , fmal!
Short, and round , abiding all Winter , and' putting
forth anew every Tear -, it comes up with many long
(lender Branches, ful( of Joints, lying upon tire
Ground, with many’long and narrow Leaves let
thereon, one for the molt part at a Joint, on which
Branches, efpecially from the middle upwards,
come forth Flowers, which are fo fmal], that for
the molt part they are not feen or difeerned hut
in fome they are white, in others of a whitifh Pur-
■ple Color, which afterwards turn into very fmal!
fquare Seed, like unto Sorrel Seed, where note that
the Joints have commonly a fmall white Skin, which
covets them.

IV. The fcccnd, or LelTer Common Knotgtafs.
This in its Roots , Stalks , Joints, Leaves, Flowers,
and Seed, grows like the former, faying that they
are lefs, chiefly the Loaves, being neither fo broad
nor Jo long , and the Hewers hereof are always white.

\ . The third, or Small (hort Leaved Knotgrals.
It has a Rom like to the former, from whence rife nr
many fender jointed Branches, but more woody than
■the other, fpread alfo into fome ether fmaller one -
\on which grow fmall Jbort Leaves, lejjer than thofe
\of the Small Johnswort, the Flowers an fmall and
[white , like the other.

VI. ThafoariM or Stone or Rock Knotgrals. fa
has f nail, white, fibrous Roots, from whence fpri/ig
■up many weak trailing Branches, lying upon the
'Ground round about it, on which, grow Leaves which
are fomewhat round, being an Inch in length, and
about half an Inch in breadth, but growing Jmaller to
the Slalkviard, green on the upper fide, and of
whilijh mealy Color underneath, at the Joints come
forth fmall, pale, reddijh Flowers, dike unto the 0-
ther, and after them follows fitch like fmall Seed.

VII. The fifth, or Greater broad Leaved Sea Knot
grafs. It has a Root which is fomewhat great, thick
black, long , and fomethmg woody, it runs out into
many and much larger Branches than ihefirfl, fill l of
Joints , and lying on the Ground, the Joint e Jet very

cleft

Chap, zj, 1 8. 'EngUJb Herbs.

595

clofe together, with Leaves thereon , fame thing hike
to the Common Kind, but thicker , a little Jhorter ,
and broader , and of a dark green color above ,
whiter underneath ; the Flowers ftand at the Joints
in the fame manner, having /mail white Skins, which
cover the Joints, which in fome arc alfo of a white
in others of a purplifh color, after which come fmall
Seed, inclofcd in wbitijh fhining Skins-, the lafte of
the Flint, and of every part thereof is ajiringent.
but fomewhat fait withal.

VIII. The fixth , or Leffer or Narrow Leaved Sea
Knotgrafs. It has a Root which is long, black, and
woody, with a few Fibres adjoining thereto : This
lejfer Kind has longer Stalks than the /all, and co-
vered with a reddijb Bark, alfo more divided into
/mailer Branches, having fewer Joints on the great-
er Stalks, but the Branches are thick, and fet with
/mailer Leaves than the former, which are fomething
fat , and thick, long, and narrow , like the fit Jl Com-
mon Kind ; the Flowers are fmall and whitifh, and
the Seed is much like that of the fifth Kind.

IX. Kota. Whereas the firft great fort is called
before in this Chapter Mas, or the Male Kind, that
feems to befpeak a Female Kind alfo, but there is
indeed no Female Species of Knotgrafs, for that
which fome Authors call Folygonum Ftcmina , or Fie-
minttum , is one of the Kinds of Equfeta, or Horfe-
tails, as being likeft unto them, although not rough,
but differing totally in form from Polygonum , or
Knotgrafs for which reafon we take no farther no-
tice of it in this Chapter.

X. The Places. The firft, or great Kind, as al-
fo the fecond, or leffer, grow almoft every where,
and in every County in England, as well by the
Foot Ways in Fields as on the fides of High Ways
which are green, by the fides of old Walls, and on
the borders of Fields, where in fome places it even
overlpreads them; the third and fourth grow on
higher Grounds, on Gravelly, Stony, and Rocky
places, upon Hills and Mountains;' the two laft
grow in Salt Marthy Grounds, and by the Sea fide
in many places.

XI. The Times. They come forth late in the
Spring, and continue all the Summer, Flowering
and Seeding in the mean feafon, and fo endure till
Winter, in which Seafon all their Brandies perifh.

XII. The Qualities. They are cold in the firft
degree, and dry in the fecond, Aftringent, Abfter-
five, Diuredck, Traumatick, Nephritick, and Alexi-
pharmick.

XIII. The Specification. Knotgrafs is a peculiar
thing againft fpitting of Blood, and all fluxes of
Blood in any part, Bloody Flux, and other Fluxes
of the Bowels, the Gonorrhma in Men and Whites
in Women, (Univerfals being premifed) heat and
fharpnefs of Urine, alfo the Strangury, or ftoppage
of Urine, cools Inflamations, cures Wounds, and
cleanfes and heals old and filthy Ulcers, SV.

XIV. The Preparations. You may have there-
from I. A Liquid Juice. 2. An Effence. ?. A
Lecodion in Wine or Water. 4. A Louder of the
Herb. y. A DiJii/led Water. C. A Ba/fam.

The Virtues.

XV. The Liquid Juice. It is cooling, drying,
and binding, and is very effeUual to ftay any bleed-
ing at Mouth or Nofe being drank in Steeled or
Red Port Wine, and being applied to the Forehead
or Temples, as alfo fquirted up the Noftrils with a
Syringe ; it is no lefs effectual to cool and temper
the heat of Blood, or of the Stomach, and to flop
any flux of Blood or Humors, either of the Belly.

as Lasks, or Bloody Fluxes, fluxes of cholerick and
fharp Humors, or of the Womb, as the overflowing
of the Terms in Women, and the Whites, or of
the Spermatick parts, as the running of the Reins,
OV. Dofe four Spoonfuls; it cures running Ulcers
of the Ears.

XVI. The Effence. It Iras all the Virtues of the
Liquid Juice, befides which, if it is given before the
Fit of an Ague comes, whether Tertian or Quartan,
it is faid to determine it, and cure the fame; it is
alfo Angular good to provoke Urine when it is lfop-
ped, as alfo when it paffes away by drops and with
pain, which is called- the Strangury, it takes away
the heat and fharpnefs thereof' and is laid power-
fully to expel the Stone, Gravel, Sand, Urine, and
other Tartarous Matter from the Reins, Ureters,
and Bladder; it is a Sovereign Remedy to cool all
manner ofLnflaniations, to Itop the progrefs of An-
tbonics- Fire, or any other breakings forth of heat,
and gives eafe in all hot Swellings and Apoftems’
and prevents the future burning, fretting and eating
of dangerous,. old, running and gangrenous Sores
and Ulcers, yea, tho’ in the Privy parts of Men of
Women, refitting the Humors for tailing into them,
cooling them, and drying up the hot, fharp, and’
moilt matter which caules them to be inflamed.
Dofe two or three Spoonfuls in fome proper Vehi-
cle Morning and Night.

XVII. The Decottion in Water or Wine. It has
the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but not altoge-
ther fo ftrong or effeftual, and therefore is to be
given in larger Dofes, as from a quarter of a Pint
to half a Pint, or more. The Vinous. Decoftion is
good for thofe who are flung or bitten by Scorpions,
Serpents, or other Venomous Creatures; ar.d the
fame is very efletlual to flop all defiuxions of
Rheum falling upon the Stomach or Lungs; it kills
alfo Worms in Stomach or Belly, and eafes all in-
ward pains of the Bowels arifing from heat, fharp-
nefs, and corruption of Humors, as the Colick, He.

XVill. The Ponder of the Herb or Seed. ’ It is
good againft the Stone, Gravel, Sand, and Tartar-
ous Matter in the Urinary parts, being drank to a
Dram or more Morning and Night in Wine for ma-
ny days together; applied outwardly to bleeding
Wounds, or other fluxes of Blood, it prefently flops
it, and if it is a Ample Wound conduces to its Ipee-
dy healing.

XIX- I he Dfiil/ed Water. It has the Virtues
of the Juice, Effence, and Decotlion, but nothing
near fo powerful as either of them; being taken by
it felf to four or five Ounces it is effectual to all the
Purpofes aforefaid, and is a very excellent thing to
cool all forts of Inhumations, proceeding from what
caufe or in what part of the Body foever.

XX. The Balfam. It fpeedily cures all fimple
green Wounds, by refilling the flux of Blood, and
confolidating their lips; it llrengthens weak Joints,
comforts the Nerves and Tendons, and is prevalent
againft the Gout, being duly and rightly applied
Morning and Evening.

XXL Kota. It has been oblerved that the Sea
Kinds of Knotgrafs have not been fo cooling and
operative in the above enumerated Difeafes as the
Common Kinds, by reafon of their abundant faline
fubftance, yet effettual in feveral Cafes where there
is need of greater penetration, and therefore a Cata-
plafin made; thereof and applied has been found
much more effeaual againft the Gout.

C H A P.

VO i

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

CHAP. CCCCXIX.
o/ladies-bedstra w,

'OR,

CHEES E-R E N N E T.

t.np H E Kami. It is called' in Greek Tidin',
X and i -■/ r.v, and, as Diofcorides lays, of Ibme
;aiseuj, and . and was fo called from

Milk, from die effect, which was to make Milk
turn into a Curd when they fecit- to tnake-Cheefe,
for which it lerves very well; in Latino Galium ,
and in EngUfir Ladies-Bedftraw, Chccji-Ronnet , and
Maidshair.

It. T he Kinds-. Authors make fix oi feven Kinds
of this Plant, or more, but becaufe feveral of them
are not to be met withal in England or our Planta-
tions abroad, we (hall only deferibe the five follow-
ing, viz. i • Gallium , & Gallium Itrteim, Our Com-
mon Ladies-Bedftraw. a. Gallium album Camerarij
Rena, MolTkftb, Mil hi go vulgatior Lnbclij , Galli-
um tertittm Tragi, Mo/lugo -frimt Dpdonxi, Lugiu-
nenfis, (i ' Tabcrn.mtontani , Our Common white
Flowered Ladies-Bedftraw. c Nolingo Mom ana
Dodonxi, Clufij, Lobelij, Lugdnnenfis , T ha/ij &
Tabernamontani , Rubin Sylvatica altera Grfneri ,
White Flowered Mountain Ladies-Bedftraw. 4.
Gallium f'/ore rubra. Gallium f'hrc nigra purpurhm
Montanum Tenufolium Clufij O’ Columns, Red
Flowered Ladies-Bedftraw. y. Gallium Montamm
Crcticum , Gallium Americanum vel tloridianind,
Candia or American Ladies-Bedftraw.

III. The Defcriptiocs. T he firft, or Our Com-
mon Ladies-Bedftraw. It bar a Root which is red-
dijh , having many /mail fibres or Threads fajined
Jo it which take lirong hold of the Ground, and
creep 1 little alfo -, from this Root rife up feveral

fmall, brown, fipuare , upright Stalks, three feet or
more high.fomctmes branched forth into divers [aits,
full of joints, and with feveral very fine fmall
Leaves at every one of them, little or nothing rough
at all ; at the tops of the Branches grow many long
Tufts of yellow flowers, very thick fet together, one
above another, from the feveral Joints, which confift
of four fmall Leaves apiece, and Jmcll fomewhat
[1 rang or refinous, but not unplcafant ; the Seed is
Jinall and black, like Poppy Seed, two for the mofl
part joined together-, fame of the Branches leaning
down to the Ground take root at their Joints, where-
by it much incrcafcs.

IV. Gerard thus deferibes it. It hen a fmall and
thready Root, from which Come forth fmall, round,
even Stalks, weak and tender, creeping hither and
thither upon the Ground, on which do grew very Jim
Leaves, cut into fmall parts, finer than thofc oj Dili,
fet at certain /paces, as theft of Woodrooff, among
which come forth flowers of a yellow color in elujiers
or bunches, thick thruft together, of a Jirong J'wcet
fmcll, but not unplea/ant.

V. The Jecond , or Our Common white Flowered
Ladies-Bedftraw. It has a Root which is fibrous or
thready, and abiding all Winter, and the whole Plant
is in all things like to that next to be deferibed, f li-
ving, that the Branches are fo weak, that unlcfsthey
be Jitjiained by Trees, BuJJies, Hedges , or other
things near which it grows, it will lye down upon the
Ground, and the Leaves are f mailer and narrower ,
yet not fo fmall as the firft with yellow flowers ; the
flowers are alfo fmall and white, but not plentifully
abounding : Some Authors make a fmaller fort here-
of, which is not a proper Species, for upon tre.nf plant-
ing it will grow as great as the ether.

VI. Gerard deferibes this feco/td fort thus. La-
dies-Bedftraw with white Rowers is like unto Clea-
vers or Goofegrafs in Leaves, Stalks, and manner
of growing, yet nothing at all rough, but fmooth and
fojt ; the flowers are white, the Seed round, the
Roots fender, creeping within the Ground -, the whole
Plant climbs upon Bujhes , Shrubs, and all other like
things which are near unto it, otherwife it grows not
upright, but falls to the Ground.

VII. The third, or White Flowered Mountain La-
dies-Bedftraw. It lots a Root which is black, and
very fibrous or thready, from whence Jhoor forth a
number of J lender and weak Stalks, which yet ft and
upright of thenfclvcs , dire illy branching forth into
many parts, fo that it /cents to be a pretty well fpread
Bujh, having many fhorter and broader fmooth grcch
Leaves fet , it the Joints than any of the forme/-, or
the next which follows-, the F 'lowers are very Jinall
and white, j landing at the lops oj the Branches, more
thick or plentifully fet than the following wit h red
flowers, which being paft away turn into fmall, black,
round Seed.

VIII. This Gerard fays that it is called Mollugo,
and has Stalks which need not be propped up, but of
it felf J lands upright, and -is like unto our feeond
Species, or Common White Flowered Ladies-Bed-
Itraw, but that it has a fmoothcr Leaf.

IX. The fourth, or Red Flowered Ladies-Bed-
ftraw. Its Root is of a reddifh color, but greater than
the firft Common Kind, creeps not, abiding many
Tears and not periling : The Plant fs fmall, and
has tenderer and lower Stalks than the tirtt Kind,
yet divided into many Branches, at whofe joints
ttand four, five, cr fix long Leaves, and not of fo
dark a green Color as the firft; the Flowers are of
a red color, not fo thick duflering or fet together
as thofe of the firft Kind, and conlift of four fmall
pointed Leaves, with a yellow Pointel in the mid-
dle, but five or fix or more growing together at the
tops of the 'Branches, which afterwards turn into

fmall

Chap. 419. Englijb Herbs.

fmall black Seed, like the firft. Columna will have
Gallium nigra purpureum Montanum , &c. to be a
differing Species from this now defcribed, but they
feem to me to be ail one Kind, the Rower being
in fome places only a little darker, but in all other
particulars alike.

X. Gerard fays this fourth or Red Flowered La-
dies-Bedftraw has been taken for a Kind of Wild
Madder, but it Is truly a Kind or Species of Ladies-
Bed lira w, or Cheefe-Rennet, as appears both by its
Qualities of turning Milk into Curds, as alfo by its
form, being- in each refpeft like unto the Gallium
luteum , or Our Common Ladies-Bedftraw , and differs
in the.color of the Flowers, which are of a dark red
color, with a yellow Pointel in the middle confin-
ing of four fmall Leaves.

XI. The fifth , or Candy or American Ladies-Bed-
ftraw. It ; grows like the firft , or Common, or Yel-
low Ladies-Bedftraw , but much l offer , yet with
greater Roots and Branches. It is a more effeQual
Rennet than any of the former , hot and afiringent ,
flopping Fluxes of Blood .

XII. The Places. The firft and fecond grow fre-
quently in many places in this Land, in Meadows
and Paftures both wet and dry, as alfo by Hedge ,
fides; the firft grows alfo upon Sunnie Banks near
the borders of Fields, in fruitful Soils almoft every
inhere •, the fecond grows in Marfh Grounds, and
other rnoift places ; the third grows on Hills and
Mountains and in Hedges among Bufhes in moft
places^ the fourth grows on Mountainous and Hil-
ly places in Germany , and was fent to us from
Strasburgh , fince which it is nurfed up with us in
Gardens ; the fifth grows in Candy, and in feveral
parts of America upon the F loridian Continent, in
feveral places of which I have often found it.

XIII. The Times. They all Flower early, viz.
in May , except the Red Flowered , which Flowers
in June , and the Seeds are ripe in June , July, and
Augufl ; but Gerard fays they Flower moft of the
Summer Months.

XIV. The Qualities: They are hot and dry in the
firft degree, Aftringent, Abfterfive, and Traumatick
or Vulnerary ; they are alfo Nephritick, Lithontrip-
tick, and Arthritick.

XV. The Specification. Ladies-Bedftraw is a pe-
culiar thing to ftop bleeding inwardly, or at Nofe,
to heal inward or outward Wounds, to help burning
with Fire and fcalding with Water, to ltrengthen
the Nerves, Tendons, and Joints, give eafe in the
Gout, to help the Strangury, and to fret and break
the Stone.

XVI. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, I. A liquid Juice. 1. A Decotticn. 3. A

• Louder of the Root. 4. A Nafale of Herb and Flow-
ers. 5. An Ointment. 6. Cheefe Rennet.

The Virtues.

XVII. The liquid Juice. It is powerful to pro-
voke Urine, to help the Strangury, to break the
Stone, and to expel Gravel, Sand and Tartarous
Matter from the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, being
taken two or three Ounces at a time, two or three
times a Day, in a Glafs of pure White Port Wine.
The fame drank helps to ftop inward Bleeding and
the overflowing of the Terms in Women, as alfo to
heal inward Wounds, by its heating and drying Qua-
lities.

XVIII. The Deco ft ion of Herb and Flowers in
IVine or Water. It has all the Virtues of the liquid
Juice, but is much weaker. It is good to bathe the
Feet of Travellers in, who are wearied and tired
with Travel, and whofe Feet are fwoln, or bruifed.

597

or galled thereby ; and for fuch whofe much and
long Running caufes not only Wearinefs, but Stiff
•nefs in the Nerves and Joints-, for all which things
this DecoHion ufed as hot as it can be well endu-
red, is very available. It is alfo good againft Scurff
Morphew, Dandriff, dry Scabs, Itchings, and other
like Defoedations of the Skin, chiefly in Infants.

XIX. The Ponder of the Root. It may be taken
to one Dram in choice Canary, Madera, or other
like generous Wines • and as Diofcbridcs writes,' it
provokes Venery or Bodily Luft, as do alfo the Pon-
der of the Flowers, taken in the fame Dole and
Manner Morning and Night, or two or three times
a. Day.

XX. The 'Nafale of the Herb and Flowers. They
being bruifed,. and put up the Roftrils, are faid to
ftop a vehement Hamorrhage iivthofe Parts-, and it
may be fo much the better, if fome of their Juice
be firft fnuft up, or fyringed .in,

XXI. The Ointment. It is made by boiling the
bruifed Herb and Flowers in Oil Olive to Crifpncfs ;
and (training out , and fo repeating this Work three
or four times , then adding a little Bees -wax to bring
it to a Confifiency : But fome advife it to be made
with Hogs-Lard. Or you may make an Oil thus :
Put the bruifed Herb and Flowers into pure Oil 0-
live , and infolate till the Oil becomes white : prefs
all out , and repeat this Work three or four times ,
and (train out for XJfc : but it is fooner done by boil-
ing the bruifed Herbs and Flowers in the Oil Id
Crifpncfs , ft raining out by pre Jfing, and repeating
the Work three times more ; then fl raining out the
clear Oil , keep it for life. Ir is good againft Burn-
ings with Fire, and Scalding with Water, and is
good to be anointed upon Limbs and Joints, which
are weak, and become ftiff with Walking, for it
(Lengthens the Nerves, Tendons and Joints. It
prevails alfo againft Scurff, Morphew, Mange, dry
Scabs, and the Itchings and Callings of Children;
and other Deformities of the Skin. Applied alfo
to the Parts affefted, it gives Eafe in the Gout, and
other like Pains-, and by Continuation of the Ap-
plication, cures the fame.

XXII. The Cheefe-Rennet. It is made of the
bruifed Herb, by iqueezing out its Juice, being firlt
moiftened with a little choice Canary or Sherry, to
which a quarter part of Spirit of Wine is firft added*
Or thus : Take the exprefled Juice, defecate it by
fettling, or clarify it with Whites of Eggs : to a
quart of this prepared Juice, put Sherry Wine four
ounces, firft mixt with Spirit of Wine two ounces :
mix them, digeft fome Days, then decant the clear,
and keep it for life. But many Country People
make ufe of the fimple Juice only. Alatthiolus lays,
Thar the People of Tufcany do ufe to Turn their
Milk with it, that the Cheefe which they make of
Sheep and Goats Milk, may be the fweeter, and the
more pleafant in Tafte, and alfo more wholeibme,
as to break the Stone, Cfc. And the Chejhire Wo-
men, efpecially thofe about Nantwich , where rhe
belt Cheefe is made, do ufe it in their Rennet , (viz.
by putting the bruifed Herb into their Rennet-bags ; )
much more efteeming of that Cheefe which is made
with ir, than of that which is made without it.

XXIII. Not a. The Ancients thought the Gallium
alb umysiWhite-jlowered Ladies Bed- (Ir aw, to have no
Virtues, or t© be of no life. But Clufius lays, That in
Auftria , Hunger i a , and other places of Germany,
the People have found it by Experience to be good-
to (Lengthen rhe Arteries, Nerves, Tendons and
Joinrs, thofe Parts being bathed, either with the
Juice, Decoffion or Rennet made thereof; and that
it takes away Wearinefs and Weak nefs after Travel-
ling, and eafes Pains caufe by Cold, Over- walking,

Blows;

5 98

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. L

Blows, or Over-ftra'ining. Parts. -affe&ed with the
Gout, being well bathed with the Rennet made
thereof. Morning and Night, as hot as it can be en-
dured, cures the Pain, and in a fhort time eafes the
Difeafe ; but it is much more effe£tual,if after Bath
ing, a Cataplafm be applied, made of the Juice
or Rennet, (of any of the Kinds of Ladies Bed-fir aw)
by bringing it to a Confidence with fine Barley-
flower, or Crums of White-bread, mixed with a
little Oil of Poppy- feed, or Oil of Ben , the Appli-
cation being made as hot as the Patient can well en-
dure.

CHAP. CCCCXX.

Of L A D I E S~B O W E R,

0 R,

C L I M E R S.

jV~p H E Names. It is called in Greek , :

A in Latin, Clematis and in Englijh , Ladies-
Bower , I ' irgins-Bower , and Climer.

II. The Kinds. Authors make many forts here-
of, fome of which grow not in England , nor in any
of our Englijh Plantations : thofe which are to be
had with us, are the following. I. Clematis urens.
Clematis altera jlore albo , Clematis altera Diofcori-
dis , Clematis pcregrina •, Ladies-Bower, or Virgins-
Bower Burning, Burning Climer, or Cauftick Cli-
mer. 1. Clematis peregrina , vel Clematis altera
Diofcoridis jlore Jimplici rubro •, Red Ladies-Bower,
or Virgins-Bower, or Single red-flowered Climer.
p. Clematis pcregrina fore jimplici purpureo -, Single
purple Ladies-Bower, or Single purple-flowered
Climer. 4. Clematis peregrina jlore purpureo pleno •,
Double purple-flowered Ladies^;- Virgins Bower,
Double purple-flowered Climer. 5. Clematis Ma-
ri lima r opens Bauhini , Creeping fiery Sea Climer.
6. Clematis Virginiana The Virginian Ladies-Bower,
or Climer, which the Natives call Maracoc. 7.
Ylammula Jovis furretla or eretla , Ylammula frutex.
Clematis eretta or furretla Upright Ladies-Bower,
or Virgins-Bower. Here is to be noted, That the
Sixth or Virginian Kind , is called by the Spaniards
in the Wejl Indies , Granadillus , or Granadillo , be-
caule the Fruit is in fome fort like a fmall Pomgra-
nate on the outfide, yet the Seed within is flattifh,
round and blackfill.

III. The Defcriptions. The firjl, or Ladies-
Bower, or Virgins-Bower Burning, or Burning Cli-
mer. The Root is white and thick, jlejhy and tender ,
or eafy to be broken, infomuch that one can fcarcely
handle it ( tho> very tenderly ) without danger of
breaking it. This Caujlick or Burning Climer, has
very long and tender climing Branches, yet lome-
thing woody below', which wind about thofe things
which fland near it, covered with a brownifh green
Bark -, from the Joints of which (hoot forth many
winged Leaves, confifting for the molt part of five
Angle Leaves, viz. two and two together, and one
at the end, which are a little cut in, or notched on
the edges here and there •, but every part of them is
letter than the Leaves of the next following Climer,
without any clafping Tendrels, to winde about any
next adjacent thing. Towards the upper part of
the Branches, with the faid Leaves, come forth long
Stalks, on which ftand many white Flowers clutter-

ing together, opening the Brims into fix or eight
fmall Leaves, fpreading like a Star, very fvveet of
Smell, or rather of a ttrong heady Scent, which at1
ter turn in blackifh flattfih Seed, plumed at the
Head, which Plume or Feather flies away with the
Wind, after it has flood long, and leaves the Seed
naked or bare.

IV. The fecond, or Red Ladies or Vifgins Bower,
or Single red-flowered Climer. Its Roots are a Bun-
dle of Jlrong brownifh yellow Strings, running down
deep into the Earth from a large Head above. This
Climer has many limber and weak climing Branches,
like the former, covered with a brown thin outward
Bark, and green underneath. The Leaves fland at
the Joints, confifting but of three Leaves or Parts,
whereof fome are notched on one fide, and fome on
both, without any clafping Tendrel, as the former,
but. winding with its Branches about any thing
which ftands next it. The Flowers in like manner
come from the fame Joints with the Leaves, but not
fo many together as the former, upon long Foot-
ftalks, confifting of four Leaves apiece, handing -
like a Crofs, of a dark red Colour. The Seed is
flat and round, and pointed at the end -, three 01
four or more handing clofe together upon one Stalk,
without any down upon them at all, as in the for-
mer.

V. The third, or Single purple Ladies-Bower, or

Single purple- flowered Climer. This is like to the

former in its Roots , Stalk j Branches , Lfpves, Flow-
ers and Seed, and differs from the former in this
only, that the Color hereof is of a fad bluilh pur-
ple : So that the one is not poffible to be known
from the other, till they come to the Seafon of
Flowering.

VI. The fourth, or Double purple-flowered La*
dies or Virgins Bower, or Double purple-flowered
Climer. This in its Root, Branches and Leaves.,
does fo near refemble the Single Kinds, that no Dif-
ference can be known betvteen them, but in ihcfe
Particulars , viz. that this grows more bold and

great

Chap. 420.

Herb j

grew, and yields both more ttore of Branches from
the Ground, and more Spreading above : alfo that
the blower in this is very thick and double confut-
ing of a number of (mailer Leaves, fet clofe toge-
ther, in order, in the middle, the four outermoft
Leaves which encompals them, being much broader
and larger than any of the inward, but all of a dull
or fad bluifh purple Color ; the Points or Ends of
the Leaves framing a little darker than the middle
or them. 1 his bears no Seed, fo far as has yet been
leen or heard of from any Perfon of Credit, notwith-
standing the Affirmations of fome falfe and ignorant
Gardeners, which affirm the contrary.

VII The fifth, or Creeping fiery Sea Climer. It
Jpreads abroad mam creeping, jointed and

defied Branches, about two feet long, covered with
a very dark green Bark ; from whence (hoot forth
many winged Leaves, a little dented about the
edges, very like unto the E iammula Jervis eretta in
Sell. following, confiding of five Leaves, but molt
commonly of three upon a Stalk, being narrower,
harder and longer pointed : at the ends whereof
comes forth a (mall clafping Tendrel ; but thofe
which grow up higher upon the Stalks, and nearer
unto the tops, where the Flowers do Hand, are much
Imaller and narrower. The Flowers come forth
many together, as in the other, fet upon long Foot-

ll'l I k C lJlinirli n rest nrl.ifn ; -.1 ■ ■ - ■ -

5 99

the Points of them a little, and are of a reddilh
Peach Color : towards the bottoms likewife of
thefe white Leaves, there are two red Circles, about
the Bieadth of an Oaten Straw, one (omething di-
ltant from another, which add a great Grace to the
flower ; (but in fome Flowers there is but one of
thefe Circles feen.) By their means the white
Leaves (hew their Color thro” the Peach-colored
Threads ; and thefe red Circles or Rings upon them
being perfpicuous, make a tripartite Shew of Colors
very delightful. The middle part of this Flower is
hollow, and yellowifli ; in the bottom of which
riles up an Umbone, or round Stile, fomewhat big
of a whit.fii green Color, fpottedwith reddiffi Spots
like the Stalks of Dragons, with five round Threads

or 1 Introc- 1:1 ... . . ^

or Chives, (potted in like manner, and tipt atthe
ellow Pendents, (landing about the mid-

, 0 ’ 1CL l

(talks, which are white and with many hairy Threads
ilfed away, many

in their middle. After they are paW manv
round, Hat reddilh Seed are produced, fmaller than
m feme others, three or four upon a Stalk together
plumed with a white Feather at the Head of each
of them. The whole Plant is hot and (harp like
unto the others. r

yni. The fixth, or The Virginian Ladies-Bower
or Climer. Its Root ,s compofed of a number of ex-
c ceding long and round, yellow, Jh brown Strings
Spreading jar abroad under the Ground, fometimes
as long as any Roots of Sarfaparilla, and a great deal
bigger , which to be conveniently and cleverly laid in
the Ground mu/} be coiled up like a Cable : and thefe
Roots, by fhoot, ng up ,n feveral places, a good di-
fiance one from another make a great Encreafe of
the Species. This noble and much defired Plant
riles out of the Ground very late in the Year, about
the beginning of May, if it is a Plant which has
(prung up from the Seed of our own Sowing ■ but
J? 1C If. an one7 fuch as Fas been brought to u‘;
from Virginia , not till the end of May. It fprings
up with a round Stalk, not above a Yard and half-
high, or thereabouts with us, but in hotter Coun-
tries as fome Authors fay, much higher ; bearing
°ne Le£ at every Joint, which from the Ground to
the middle thereof, has no Clafpers 5 but from thence
upwards, has at the fame Joint with the Leaf both
a (mail twining Clafper, like unto a Vine, and a
Flower alfo Every Leaf is broad at the Stalk
Thereof, and dtvided about the middle on both Tides
making it fomewhat referable a f^-Leaf, ending in

Tilee/!ln?’i<>rf'1‘icl1 t!le m'ddlemoft is longeft.
The Bud of the Flower, before it does open, is verv
Uke unto the Head or Seed-VeflH of the Ordinary
Jingle Nigeffa, having at the Head or Top five fmall
crooked Horns, which when this Bud opens, are the
Ends or Points of five Leaves, which are white on
the infide, and lay themfelves flat, like unto an A-
nemone or Wind-flower, and are a little hollow like
a Scoop, at the end, with five other fmaller Leaves
w£p'uMt-r t‘ianDtl]ey, lying between them, which

Flowphrldkn the,®,uibefore ir 0P“ed ; fo that this
Flower, being ful blown open, confills often white
Leav es, laid in order, round, one by another : from
the bottom of thefe Leaves on the infide, rife up
feveral twined Threads, which fpread and lay thenf-
(elves all over thefe white Leaves, reaching^evond

ends with yel.„" * auout tne mid-

, parc the fald Umbone or Stile, and from
thence riling higher, ends in three long crooked
Horns molt ufually, ( and fometimes in four asvj/-
d,ni/s in his Ear ne fan Garden obferved at Rome )
(potted like the reft, having three round Buttons at
their ends. Thefe Flowers are of a comfortable
plealanr, fweet Smell, and very acceptable, but pe-
nlii without yielding Fruit with us, becaufe of the
lo late Flowering : but in the natural place, and in
hot Countries, it bears a fmall round whitilh Fruit
with a Crown at the top thereof, in which is con-
tained ( whilft it is frefii, or not over-dried) a fweet

UK, Wuhen ^ ,the Seed within « «
lmall, flat, black, and fomewhat rough, and will

make a rattling Noife.

•yadics.

Bower

idpriyhi

,,lx- T'le ftventh, or Upright Ladies-Bower or
yirgins-Bower. Its Root fpreads in the Ground
Jrom a thick Head , into many lone St tines and ft
fiens it felf Jlrong/y in the Zth. * From Suf^d
of Roots fpnng more upright Stalks than in any of
the former, which grow ro be fometimes four or five
Feet high or more, yet leaning or bending a little
fo that it has fome need of fuftaining, which are co-
yered with a brownifii Bark ; from whence come

forth

6oo Salmons

forth on all fides, divers winged Leaves, confiding
of five or leven Leaves, fet on both fides of a middle
Rib, of which the odd one is always at the end.
The tops of the Stalks are divided into many Branch-
es, bearing many white, fweet-lrnelling Flowers on
them, like in Fafhion to the White Virgins-Bower :
after which come fuch like Feather-topt Seed, which
remain and fhevv themfelves, being flat like the o-
ther, when the Plumes or -Down is blown abroad.
The Stalks die away every Year, and lpring again
afrefii in the beginning of the next.

X. lie P laces. Thefe Plants delight to grow in
the Sun, and profper better in a fruitful Soil than
in a barren. The firft four grow in our Englifh Gar-
dens, where they flouriih much. The fifth, Bauhine
fays, grows in many places of the Adriatick Sea
Shore, and in Illands thereabouts belonging to the
Venetians. The fixth grows not wild in England ,
but fiourilhes well in our Gardens. The feventh,
which is the furpaifing Delight of all Flowers, came
to us from Virginia , and now is become a free De-
nizen of England , by being planted in our Nurferies
or Gardens.

XL The Times. They all flower in the end of
June or July^ and fometimes in Augufi , and per-
feft their Seed in September . The Virginian Climer
flowers in Augufi , yet fometimes, the’ not often in
July, but perfects no Seed here.

XII. The Qualities. They arc all hot and dry in
the fourth Degree j Cauftick and Burning, or Bli-
ltering the Skin.

XIII. The Specification. Authors fay they are
peculiar againft Scurff, Morphew, Scabs, Leprpfy,
and other Defcedations of the Skin, but are not fate
to be taken inwardly, unlefs to purge Water in
Dropfies.

XIV. The Preparations : Alt ho-1 thefe Plants are
never or very feldom ufed in Phyfick, unlefs in out-
ward Application j yet thefe following Preparations
have been made of them, viz. i . yi Ponder of the
Seed of the firfi or Burning Ladies-Bower, and of
the feventh or Llpright Ladies-Bower. 2. An Oil
by Inflation or Boiling of the fame Plants. 3. A

Herbal Lib. I.

di filled Water of the fame. 4. The Liquor of the
Virginian Climer. 7. A Cataplafm of the Climers.

The Virtues .

XV. The Pouder of the Seed. Given to a Scru-
pie or half a Dram, more or lefs, in fair Water or
in Mead, it is laid to purge Choler, Flegm, and
watery Humors.

XVI. The Oil by Inflation or Boiling. It cures
Aches and Cramps, Sciatica’s, and other Pains co-
ming of Cold : it is alfo good againlf the Stone,
and provokes Urine, feme fmall quantity of it be-
ing taken inwardly in any proper Vehicle. It alio
takes away Scurflr', Morphew, Scabs, Leproly, and
other Deformities of the Skin, by anointing there-
with.

XVII. The di f illed Water of the Upright Ladies-
Bower. It clears the Skin of Defcedations, and is
effeUual again!! any cold Griefs in any part of the
Body.

XVIII. The Liquor of the Virginian Climer. This
Liquor within the Fruit, is very pleafant to the
Tafte, as if Musk or Ambergrife were mixed with
it : and having a little Acidity with it, it does not
cloy the Stomach, tho’ it be taken in large quantity,
nor gives any bad Symptom, but is faid rather to
move the Belly downwards, and make it folublc.
Aldinus gives us many Virtues of it, which feera to
me to be fpoken Hyperbolically, for by Experience
nothing has yet been obferved thereof. But he fays,
that the Leaves of the Plant have a fomniferous
Property, and fmell like to A 'ightfhade, having (as
he thinks) fome deleterious or deadly Quality in
them, becaufe it kills Flies which reft thereon.

XIX. The Cataplafm of the Leaves of the other
Burning Climers. Being applied to the Sciatica or
Gout, or any Pain in other Parts proceeding from
Cold, it cures them, being cautipully ufed ; for it
quickly Blifters.

XX. Not a. Mat thiol us lays, that the Pouder of
the Leaves of the Upright Ladies-Bower , being pre-
pared and given , helps againft a Quartan Ague.
However, all the other Climers may ferve very well
to make Arbors in Gardens and Orchards, or other
like places for Pleafure $ for to thofe Purpoles they
afe molt fit, if any pleafe to Plant them.

LADIES - COMB, fee Shepherds-Needle. Chap.
L A D I E S - H A I R, fee Maiden-Hair, Chap.
LADIES - LACE, fee Grafs, Chap. 3 27. Se3. 231.
L A D I E S - G L A S S, fee V iolet Corn, Chap.

CHAP. CCCCXXI.

O/LADIE S-M ANTLE,

0 R,

LION S~F O O T.

Called alfo , Great SANICLE.

I. np H E Names. It does not appear that this
J. was known to the ancient Greeks • but
Brunfelfius fays it is AwrmnJitv^ Leontopodium , Lions-
Foot : yet others fay it is not that which Diaftori-

des

Chap. 42i. Unglijh Herbs.

60

des fpeaks of. It is called in Latins , Alcbimilla , by
nioft Writers ; Stelkria Mattbio/i, LugdunenfisfSc.
Pes Leonis , and Puts Leonis - Drojera, and Droji-
tim Cordi ; Sanicula major , ( as much refembling
Sanide : ) and in Eng/ijh,' Ladies-Mam Is, Lions-
Loot, and Great Sanicle.

II. Tbs Kinds. Authors make two forts hereof,
viz. I.' Alcbimilla major vulgaris, Stelkria , Sanicu-
la major , Common Ladies-Mantle. 2. Alcbimilla
minor , vel Alpirn quinqucfoha , Five-leaved Ladies-
Mantle, or Ladies-Mantle cinkfoil-leaved.

Ladies- jHantle.

III. The Defcriptions. TSc firft, or Common
Ladies-Mantle, bar a Root which is fomcwhat long
and black , with many Libre s , and Strings thereat.
It is fomething like to our Common Sanide , having
many Leaves rifing from the Root, ftanding upon
long hairy Foot-ftalks, being almoft round, but a
little cut in on the edges into eight or ten parts,
more or lefs, making it l'eem like a Star, ( whence
the Name Stellaria ) with fo many Corners and
Points, and dented round about, of a light green
Color ; fomething hard in handling, and as if it was
folded or plaited at firft, and then crumpled in di-
vers places, and a little hairy, as the Stalk is alfo,
which riles up among them , which grows to the
Height of two or three Feet, with a few fuch
Leaves thereon, but linaller, and being weak, is not
ahle to Hand upright, but bends fometimes down to
the Ground, divided at the top into two or three
fmall Branches , with finall yellowifh green Heads,
and Flowers of a whitilh green Color, breaking out
of them, which being paft, there comes finall
yellowifh Seed, like unto Poppy Seed.

IV. The feconi , or Five- leaved Ladies-Mantle.
It has a fmall black fibrous Root, from which fpring
a few f mailer and fmoother green Leaves, fet upon
long Foot-ftalks, but divided at the edges into five
Corners or Points, and fomething more deeply dent-
ed about the Brims than the former : from among
which come forth two or three fmall weak bending

Stalks, about fix or feven Inches high. The Flow-
ers which grow at tops, arefmaller, but like to the
other, according to the Bigneis of the Plant, and of
the fame Herby or green Color.

V. The Places. The firft grows naturally in ma-
ny Paftures and Wood-fides, both in Hartfordjhire
and Wiltjhire ; as alfo in Kent, as in Kingwood near
Feverjham, in the Paltures nigh Tiittam and Chep-
ftom, and in other places of this Land. Gerard
fays it grows of it lelf Wild in divers places, in the
Paftuies at Andover, and in ocher parts of Hampfhire
and Bark/hire, in their Clofes and Copfes, or low
Woods ; as alio upon the Bank of a Moat which
enclofes a Houle in Bujhy, called Bourn-Hall, four-
teen Miles irom London ; and in the Highway from
thence to Watford, a fmall Mile diifant from it.
The fecond grows on Bernards Hill in Switzerland,
but is to be found with us only in Gardens.

VI. The Times. The firlt flowers in May and
June. The fecond not till Auguft : but they both
abide after Seed-time, and flourifh and keep green
all Winter after, as well as in Summer.

VII. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the fe-
cond Degree ; Abfterfive, Aftringent, Strengtlmine
and Vulnerary.

VIII. The Specification. It is peculiar to Hop
Bleeding, whether inward or outward, all Fluxes
of the Bowels in Man or Woman ; and the Whites,
or Weaknels of the Womb. It cures Wounds after
a molt lingular manner, being one of the molt no-
ble Wound-Herbs, being extolied by the Germans
with exceeding great Praife, who never cure any
Wound, whether inward or outward, but they give
of the Decoction hereof to drink.

IX. The Preparations. You may make hereof,
t. Jl liquid Juice. 2. An Effcnce. 3. A Deco&i-
on or Infiufion. 4. A Pouder of the Leaves. 5. A
Bafam or Ointment. 6. A Cataplafm. 7. A diftil-
lei Water. 8. A Spirituous Tincture, q. An Acid
Tint! are. 10. An Oily Tintfure.

The Virtues.

X. The liquid Juice. It is not fo hot as that of
Sanicle , and therefore more fit tor thole Wounds,
which are accompanied with Inflammation, and fo
is more drying, altringent, or binding and cleanfing.
It is effedlual againlt all forts of Bleedings both in-
ward and outward, flops the Over-flowing of the
Terms in Women, and cures the Bloody-flux, as
alio all other Fluxes of the Bowels. Dofe from
two to four or fix Spoonfuls Morning and Night in
a Glafs of the diltilled Water, or in Ale or Wine.

XI. The Efence. It has all the Virtues of the
former befides which, it cures Bruifes by Falls or
otherwife, whether inwards or outwards : it heals
Ruptures of the Peritoneum, as alfo Ruptures of
the Blood-V elfels, which caufe Spitting or Piffing
of Blood ; and is a peculiar thing to flop the Whites
in Women, being elteemed more powerful for this
Purpofe than molt other things ; for which Intenti-
on it is not only to be given inwardly by the
Mouth, but is alfo outwardly to be applied as an
Injeftion up the Womb, with a Womb-Syringe.
Dofe three or four Spooniuls in Red Port Wine, or
fome other proper Vehicle, two or three times a
Day. Inwardly alfo taken, and outwardly applied
to Womens Breafts, which ate great and over-much
flag, it caufes them to grow lefler and hard. This
Eflence being taken for twenty or thirty Days toge-
ther, by fuch Women as are Barren, or have a Slip-
perinefs of the Womb, it is faid to caufe them to
Conceive, and to retain the Birtli after Conception ;
for that it drys up the too great Humidity, ana flops

H h h h the

602

Salmon j Herbal. Lib. L

the Flux of Humors to the Matrix, and lb ftrength-
ens the Womb, as to prevent Abortion, reducing
it to a perfe£t State of Health : but the Patient
ought as well as to take it inwardly by the Mouth,
to (it in a ftrong Decoftion thereof BathWue.

XII. The Deeoltion or Infufion. This has all the
Virtues of the Liquid Juice andEffence, but weak-
er in its Effects : however, it may lerve as a Vehi-
cle to convey other Preparations of this Herb in,
and may be given from four Ounces to eight Ounces
or half a Pint. It makes a good InjeHion tor hol-
low Wounds and Ulcers, cleanfes them makes them

breed Flefh, and brings them to a Ipeedy Healing. _

XIII. 'Tlx Ponder of the Leaves or Root. It is

an excellent Styptick, and Hops Bleeding m any
Part it is applied to. Inwardly given from hall a
Dram to a Dram and half, in the Decoaion, Mil-
lion, or diftilled Water, or- in Red Port Wine, it
lias all the Virtues ot the liquid Juice, Elfence, toe.
provided it is given Morning and Night for tome
conliderable time. Tents may be dipt into the Juice
or Infufion, and then rouled in this Pouder, and to
put into any hollow Sore ot Ulcer; by which
means it wonderfully drys up all Humidities of the
Ulcer, incarnates it, and induces a ipeedy Healing,
vea, altlio’ it be fiftulous, with a Flux of Humors
appending and abates alio Inflammations, if any
be prefen r. r .

XIV. The Bafam or Ointment. It is one of the
bed of Vulneraries, for it digefts if need be, ablter-
ges or cleanfes, incarnates, dtys and heals, almolt
to a Miracle : and in fimple green Wounds or Cuts,
it has fuch an exquiftte Faculty of fpeedy Healing,
that it cures it at the firft Intention, confolidating
the Lips thereof, without the breeding Matter, or
any Danger of' breaking out again, by fufteiing any
Corruption to remain behind. Outwardly1 applied
to the Gout, Sciatica, or other like Pains of the
joints, proceeding from Blows, . Over-lira ini ng, or
the like, it gives Eafe, and fpeedily cures them, ad-
ding alfo Strength to the Part.

XV. The Cataplafm. It is an excellent thing to
be prefently applied to a fimple green Wound ^ for
it Hops the Afflux ot Blood, and confolidates the
Lips thereof by the firff Intention of Curing. . It al-
io allays Inflammations coming upon the Joints in
the Gout, and gives Eafe in the Pain. Applied to |
a recent fimple C 'ontufion, it prevents the Afflux of
Humors \ dilcufles thofe which are prefent, if any
be. and fafely reftores the Part.

XVI. 'The diftilled Water. Authors fay, that if
it is taken continually for tvventy Days together,
that it cures Barrennels in Women, viz. fuch as
cannot Conceive, or fuch as cannot retain the Con-
ception. But doubtlefs the liquid Juice or Eflence
is much better than this, and therefore either of
them may be given in this as a Vehicle, for which
it is very proper, and may be given Morning and
Night, from tour to eight Ounces.

XVII. The Spirituous TinUurc. Inwardly taken,
it warms and comforts the Bowels, .ftrengthens the
inward Parts, expels Wind, and is an excellent
Traumatick, is drying and aftringent, and therefore
good againft all Fluxes of the Bowels, Over-flowing
of the Terms, and orher WeaknefleS of the Genera-
tive Parts. It is good to be uled Dieteticaliy in the
Cure of Wounds, old Sores, running Ulcers, and
Fiftula’s accompanied with Fluxion of Humors : it
has all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, and
may be given Morning and Night, from two Drams
to three or four, in the diftilled Water, or in Red
Wine.

X VIII. The Acid Tintfure. It has all the V irtues
of the Spirituous Tindure, but is more Traumatick
or Vulnerary, and more Stomatick, whereby it ef-

fectually ftops Vomiting, ftrengthens the Stomach,
and caufes a good Appetite and a ftrong Digeftion ;
but it ftops not Fluxes of the Bowels lo well as
fome of the former Preparations ^ but it therefore
opens the more, and removes Obftru&ions of Sto-
mach, Liver, Spleen, and other Bowels. It is a
moft excellent thing againft a virulent Gonorrhea in

Men, being taken every Day in all that the Patient
drinks, whether Ale, Beer, Wine or Water, fo much
at a time as to give the Vehicle a pleafing Acidity -
and it ought to be fo often taken in a Day that the
whole quantity taken may amount to at leaft four
or five Spoonfuls.

XIX. The Oily Tinffure. It is a famous thing
againft a cold Gout, and all Pains or Aches pro-
ceeding from a cold Caufe in any Part of the Body,
being twice a Day anointed upon the Part for fome
time. It is an excellent thing alfo againft Bruifes,
Cuts or PunCtuies of the Nerves and Tendons ^ for
it fuddenly eafes the Pain, and alleviates the Inflam-
mation, and thereby induces the Cure, a Plaifter of
the Balfam being alfo laid thereon. Inwardly given,
it gives Eafe in the Colick, expels Wind •, and o-
pens ObftruCtions of the Reins, Ureters and Blad-
der, expelling Gravel, Stones and Sand from thole
Parts, and cleanfing them from any Tartarous Mu-
cilage lodged therein.

LADIES-NAVEL, fee Navel-Wort, Chop.
LADIES-SEAL, fee Bryony Black, Chap. 90.
LADIES-SLIPPER, fee Hellebor Wild, Chap. 3?:
DANG de BEIF, fee Buglofs Wild, Chap. 94.

CHAP. CCCCXXII.

Of L ARKS-SPUR,

O R,

LARK S-H EEL.

Called alfo , KNIGHT S~S P U R.

I.'T' HE Karnes. It is called ill Latine, Delphi-
JL mum, but whether it be the Delphinium Di-
ofcoridis , is very doubtful : it is alfo called, Tbs
Regius-, Buccini/s, Buecmum Romanorum ; Cuminum
Sylvejlre altcrum Mutthioli ; Cuminum Sylvejlre al-
ter um Diofcoridis ; Calcaris Ties ; Confolida Regain
Sy/veftris ; Confolida Rega/ts peregrine panto flare
Baubini : in Englijh , Larks- Spurs, Larks-hrels ,
Knights-Spurs ; and Manks-Uood. It has no G/ rek
Name yet known. ,

II. The Kinds. Authors make fix Kinds ol tins
Plant, viz. I. Delphinium majits, five vitlgare, Or-
dinary or Common Larks Heels or Spurs. 2. IV/-
phinium vulgare flora piano, DoubieConimonLuiks-
Spur. 2 . Delphinium arvenfe. Wild Lnrks-Spur.
4 Delphinium Hifpanicum p.u vum. Delphinium la-
ti folium trigonum, (fo called from the Divifion of
the Leaves-, or from the Pods, which ufually come
three together ) Spanifli Wild Larks-Spur. 5 . Del-
phinium claims flare Jhdplici diverforum Colcnmr,
Single upright bearing Larks-Heel of many Colors.
6. Delphinium claims flare plcno diverforum Colo-
rum, Double upright Larks-Spur of many Co-

l0tS' III. Tht

III. The Defcri ptions. The firfi , or Ordinary or
Common Larks Heel or Spar, has a Root which is
hard after it is run up to Seed , fpr ending both abroad
and deep , yet perijhes every Tear , raffing it felj u-
fually from its own Sowing , as well as from the
Seed /own in the Spring time. From this Root rife
many Branches , which fpread much more Ground
than the orhers, rather leaning or bending down to
the Ground, than Handing upright j on which are
let many long greeu Leaves, finely cut, almoit like
to Fennel Leaves. The Branches end in a long
Spike of hollow Flowers, with a long Spur or Heel
behind them, ( whence fhe Name ) very like unto
the Flowers of hollow -Root, ( before deferibed) and
arc of feveral and various Colours, as of a blewifh
purple Color, or white, or Afh color, or red, paler
or deeper, as alfo party-colored, of two Colors in a
Flower. After the blowers are paft, (which in
this Kind abide longer than in the other) long
round Cods come forth, containing very black
Seed.

IV. The fecond , or Double Common Larks-Spur.
Of this Common Kind, there is feme Difference in
the Flower , ah ho' in nothing elfc .* the Flowers grow
many upon a Stalk, like the former, but every one
of them are as if three or four fmall Flowers were
joined together, with every one his Spur behind,
the greatelt Flower being outermojf, and as it were
containing the relb, which are of a pale red or deep
blufh Color. Another of the Kind will bear its
Flowers with three or four Rows of Leaves in the
middle, making a double Flower, with one Spur
only behind : and of this Kind there is with purple,
blew, blufh and white Flowers, as alfo party-color
ed. And thefe all bear Seed like the Single , where-
by they are increafed every Year.

V. The third, or Wild Larks-Spur. Its Root is
much like the former , whence rife up f mailer and
lower Branches , with f mailer and fhorter Leaves ,
and more fperfedly or thinly growing upon them , than
upon any of the former. The Flowers likewife are
neither fo large as any of the aforegoing, nor fo
many growing together : the Cods likewife have
fmaller Seed, and is harder to grow in Gardens

VI. The fourth , or Spanifh Wild Larks-Spur. It
has a Root which is Jmall and thready , fuddenly pe-
rifhing with the fir ft Cold which overtakes the Riant.
It has feveral long arid broad Leaves next the
Ground, cut in on both fides, fomething like to a
Scabious Leaf, but it is fmooth on ihe edges, and
not indented befides the Cuts ; it is of a whitifh
green Color, and fomething fmooth and foft in
handling. From among the Leaves rifes up a whitifh
green Stalk, having many fmaller Leaves upon it,
which grow below, and not divided -, branching out
into many fmall Stalks or Arms, bearing Flowers
like unto the Wild Larks-Spur , but fmaller, and of
a bleak blewifh Color •, which being paft , there
comes forth two or three fmall Cods, joined together,
in which is black Seed, and fmaller and rounder
chan any of the former.

VII. The fifth , or Single upright bearing Larks-
Spur of many Colors. The Difference between this
and the third , or Wild Larks-Spur aforegoing , is,
that the Leaves of this are not fully fo green , nor
fo large : the Stalks grow upright to the Height of a
Man, and fome times higher, having fome Branches
thereon , hut fewer than the former , and funding
likewiff upright, and not leaning down as the others.
The tops of the Stalks are better ftored with Flow-
ers than the ocher, being fometimes two Feet long,
and above, of the fame Fafhion, but not altogether
fo large, and of feveral and more various Colors,
as white, pale, blufh, red, deeper and paler, afh-
colored, purple or violet, and of an over-worn
blewifh purple, or Iron Color. For all thefe we
have fimple without any Mixture or Spot. We
have alfo other forts among the fimple Colors,
which rife from the fame Seed, and will have

H h h h 2 Flowers

It ' •. i , 1 . I

if. i i ’ll >(■

Flowers which will be half white, and half blufh or
purple ; or one Leaf white, and another blulh or
purple, or elle variably mixt and fpotted. The
Seed and Secd-Veflels are like thofe of the three
felt Kinds, but larger and harder.

VIII. The fixth, nr Double upright Larks-Spur
of many Colors. Thefe Double Laiks-Spurs cannot
he known from the Singles/ the fame Kin. I juft afore
dcfcribcd , until' they come 'towards plowering ; for
there appear many flowers- upon the Stalks, in the
fame manner, and-of as many Colors almolt as the
Single, except the party-colored, which Hand like
little Double Refer, let ill or lpread open, as the Roji
Columbine, without any Spurs or Heels behind them,
very delightful to behold, confilliitg of many Inrail
Leaves growing together ; which alter they are fal
len, three or four Imall Cods fee together come up
in their places, wherein is contained here and theft
( for all are not full of Seed as the Single Kinds
black Seed, like unto till the reli, but fmalior, which’
being fown, will bring Plants, which will bear both
lingle and double flowers again. And it often hap
pens, that it variably alters in Colors from its own
Sowing! for none of them bold conltandy its own
Color, ( fo far as has yet been obferved ) but change
into others as Nature plea fits.

IX. An Obfervation. This lift Plant Mr. Rea,
in his Ceres Chap. To. fays is only worth the preser-
ving ; and he deferibes it thus. Double upright
La’ks-Heel, from a Root which peri (has in Winter
fends forth /mail jagged Leaves, tall upright Stalks,
branched lit lop, and bearing many fine double plow-
ers , in term like to the Role Columbine, in Several
Plants of as many Several entire Colors, as Blew,
Purple, Alb, White, pale Blulh, Rofe-eolor; thefe
are the moft uliral Colors, yet Sometimes fome
Roots will bring Flowers which are Striped, and va-
riegated with blew and white, and often witlt fome
Leaves blew, and others purple ; alter the flowers
are pall, come iorth Small horned Pods, which con-
tain Seed black and round, and which heing lowed,
will bring fome Plants with fngle, but moll with
double Flowers.

X. T he P ! aces. The fit ft, or Great oil 1 1 'i/d

Kinds, grow among Corn in many Countries beyond
Sea, but lor its Beauty, is brought to us, and nou-
rished in our Gardens. The third. Or Lejfer H'iH
Kind, grows in ieveral f ields of our own Country.
The Spanijh Kind was brought to us in Seeds, and
grow alfo In our Gardens. The firft Double and
Single have been common for many Years in all
Counties of England -, bur the tall Upright ftngle
Kinds have been made Natives but of late Years :
and of them all, the Double Kinds are the moft
rare.

XI. The Times. The Spanijh Kind flowers very
late, fo that many times in England the Winter takes
it before it can give ripe Seed. The other Kinds
flower in the Summer Months onlv. The Double
Kinds, as well the Upright, as the Wild or Common,
ate very choice and tender, many times not yielding
g°°fl Seed. The fixth Kind flowers according- to
the time of fowing it, fooner or later, in July or
Auguft ; and many times Plants come up of tliem-
felves from the Seeds fallen out of the Pods before
Winter, w hich hat e continued and born fad double
Floweis in June following, which have brought a-
gain much- good Seed. The ufual time toSow thefe
Seeds m, is the beginning of April : but to get
good Seed, ( which is a chief Coniideration in thefe
Plants-) you ought to fow them as foon as they are
ripe, in fome 'place where they may be defended
from long Frolts in Winter; and one of thefe Win-
ter Plants 'is worth ten of thofe raifed in the Spring,
and Will yield fnore good Seed ; yet in fome kindly

Sommers thofe of the Spring will feed reafonably
well.

XII. Tel/on Larks-Hecls , called Delphinium lu-
tcum, which is Nufturtium lndicum , Mr. Rea, in
his Ceres, puts into the Claffis of Larks-Spurs, and
deferibes them in the following Words. The Root,
which peri fncs in Winter, fends forth many
/pleading long trailing Branches, jour or five feet
/eng, which un/ejs Jupported , lye on the Ground. \
and take up much Room. The Leaves are fmooth
and round the Flowers of a fair yellow Color, in
falljion fomething like to a Single Larks-Ueel, ’but
-he Leaves ltand plainer, and fome of them are
Wreaked with ied. The Flower is fo well known,
that it is needlels to be over-curious in deferibing

t, for few Gardens of any Note are without it.
The Seeds are rough and uneven, falling of them-
felves, which are gathered ofl the Ground and pre-
ferred.

XIII. Place and Time. They were firft brought

y Alonardus from the Weft Indies ; now they grow

n almolt all our Gardens throughout England. It
flowers in July , and the Plant continues flowering
till it is checkt by irolts. The Seed is fown in A-
pnl, and it it is ripe and good, will be apt enough
to come up : and the trailing Branches, as they
grow,, may be laid upon a Pack-thread faltned up-
on Sticks, into n hat form you pleafe ; 'or they
may be bound unto Rods ftuck' in the Earth, that
they may not lye upon the Ground. But we fhall
lay no more of this Indian Plant, becaufe we have
already difeourfed of it in a Chapter by it felf, vis:.
Chap. 164. aforegoing.

XIV. To theie Mr. Rea, in the place cited, adds
another Larks-Spur, which is half amino ftemina
and deferibes it in thefe Words. It has a Root which
dies at the firfi approach of Winter. The Stalks are
thick and reddifh, like Purflane, bunched, and fet
with Leaves, like thofe of the Peach-Tree. About
the Stalk, from the middle upwards, come the
Flowers on Ihort Fcot-ftalks, which are of two or
three Shadows of Purples, with Spurs behind, like
Single Larks-Heels , but bending downwards. Thefe
fldwets are fucceeded by round rough Heads, point-
ed at the end, in which are contained imall round
blackilll Seeds. Tile Flowers come fortli in July
and Auguft, but rarely yield any good Seed in Eng-
land. The Plant is tender, and mud be fowed in
a hoc Bed, and removed into good Ground and
carefully attended with Watering in the Fleat of
Summer, elfe it will quickly perifh. Of this we
have alfo wrote before, in a Chapter by it felf vise.

Chap. 52. Set!, a. where there is a Difcourfe’oflt

.at large, fo that we (hall fay no more of it in this
place.

XV. As to the Qualities, Specification , Prepara-
tions, and Virtues of Latks-Spur, thofe fix firft Plants
Which are properly fo called* Authors have laid no-
thing. But Gerard fays, they are temperate and
warm of Nature : and he fays, that the Seed of
Larks-Spur drank, (I iiippofe he means it to be in
Pouder) is good againlt the Stinging of Scorpions :
and that fome make it to be one of the Kinds’ of
Confounds or Comfries .

XVI. It is alfo to be noted, That tho’ Tome have
given to Larks-Spur, the Name of Monks-Hood y
lyet it is not that poyfonous Monks-Hood or Helmet-
flower, of which we fully difeourfed in its place
in Chap. 459. aforegoing.

XVII. Plcnners of Larks-Spur. Croltius lays.

That three or more of the Flowers eaten, are good
againlt Pains and Stitches of the Side. And Brun-
feifius lays. That the Flowers help the Rednefs of
the Eyes, Heat of the Body, Coughs, Strangury,
Stoppage of Urine by Gravel and Sand, and give
Eale in the Sciatica. CHAP.

Chap. zp:>. Englijb Herbs.

Common. Jernale LajencJet

CHAP, ccccxxm.

Of LAVENDER,

o R,

LAV ENDER Spike.

k ' I ' H E A 'antes. This is a Plant unknown (as
A tar as I can learn) to the ancient Arabians
and Greeks : the La/rncs call it Lavend.il i and Spi-
Ca ft we in E"£r'A Lavender, alfb Spike,

11. T be Kinds. There are three Kinds of this
riant, war. I. Lavendula major five vulgarh • Aar-
dns Italic a Matthio/i y Lavendula mas, Pj'euionardus
mas, vel major Spica Tragi ; Caffia a/bi Daleebam-
ti‘ uP.on %!'”y i feme will have it to be the Iphittm
lheophrajh i and it is thought by many to be the
Oteorum which Pliny faith Higinus called Cifia
which is a (weet Herb, frequently planted in the
“™t Laly, for the Ufe of their Bees. This
nrlt Kind is our Common Grlat Lavender. 2 La
vendula minor, Lavendula femina-, Spica, and Sole,
min r, Pj'eudonarus jtemina, &■ minor. Small ^La

^er'°rithe Leffer SP'lke- 0f thefe Greater an
Teller Kinds, there are alio two forts, the one h,
ving a purpjijb blew blower, the other a -while blow
er ; whicli latter is the more rare. 5. Lavendm
folio multifile , ( which Gerard calls Staxhas multi,
jido, but erronioully ) Jagged Lavender.

Common Male Lavender.

flowered, called Lavendula nwtor Cofealbo. This
difeis nothing from the former, but the flowers
“,7 m fhif and in lie I. eaves, which

are foniewhai broader. It is a very rare Plane, and
preferved with us in our Gardens on'v as a Raritv
being more tender than the former, and not To’ab'le
to endure our cold Winters.

III. The Defcriptions. The firft, or Common
Garden Lavender. It has a Root which is woo h, and
fpreads much under Ground, not dying in the I Vin-
ter time. It fprings up with a hard woody Stalk
parted into many fmall Branches, on which grow
long, narrow and whitifh Leaves, fet bv couples
one again!! another ; from among which rife up
naked fquare Stalks, with two Leaves at a Joint
and at the tops feveral fmall Husks Handing round
about them, formed in long round Heads or Spikes
With purple gaping Flowers fpringing out of each
ef them. The whole Plant is of a ilrbng Tweet
Smell, but the Spikes of Flowers much more and
more piercing the Senfes.

IV. T he firft, or Common Garden Kind, whitft-

V. cue J econo, or small Lavender or the Leflei
A , n, Rwr " wooJy Spreading, and the
whole Plant is very like unto the frhner, but grows
not jo high nor is the Spike or Head J'o long, but
Shorter and Smaller, and the Flowers of a deeper
pitrphjh blew Color. The Leaves alfo are a little
harder, whiter and (horter than the former ; and
rhe Smell is likewife ibmewhat lharper and ftronger :
this is not fo frequent with us as the firil Common
ls> it nn nur*"e<* UP *n Gardens in a warmer place.

U. 1 be Second, or. Small Lavender, or Lefler
Spike with a white Flower, called, Lavendula minor
note alho. This Small Lavender differs nothing from
the former Small Kincl, but is in all things like.it
Saving, that the blowers are white, and the whole
riant is yet a little fmaller, and is generally planted
in very warm places.

VII- The third or Jagged Lavender. Its Root

is har.f and wordy, like unto theft heds. It ha
Ifnall Plant, and 'riles up with fqtiare, rough and
hoary Branches, to a Foot and half high beinjng
thereon many hoary whftiih Leaves, va-y -inuch rag-
ged or torn on the edges, into many parts, even -to
the middle Rib; and each part cut or jagged- of a
(harp Talk -pud of a pleafiinr Smeii, "yet much
weaker ttov ,1 the- other Small Larmier. From
among theULcivth fife up idu'r-fquntbhoaiy Stalk'-
without any Leave! 611 them up to the tops, where
they bear final 1 Spikes ol purple Flowetsflike unto
the firtt Lavender' pc Spike, but thtlf the Flower's
‘“i'" tend fqua-re, or in four PaftsoV Corners.

VI. The Places. The Jour fldt are lound natu-
rally fit many pfacespf Spain, AdtiSbuc Aarbortc
in France, where the laft alfo' grows--, but both the
forts with white Flowers, are much mote' rare than'
the firlt or Common Kind. The fifth was found- by
Utejtw about mined in- Spain, ' dnd’ Murcia in the-

Kingdom'

606 Salmon' s 'Herbal. Lib. 1.

Kingdom of Granada : but with us they all of them
grow only in our Gardens ; of which, the firft is
by much the more common.

IX. T he Times. They all flower in England about
the end of June , or beginning of July : but Oujim
fays, that he found, the fifth about IWalaca in Spain
to flower in February •, and about Murcia to flower
in March ; yet in thefe our colder Climates, it flow-
ers not until June at the looneft, or in the Month

of July. . , , .

X. The Qualities. Lavender is hot and dry m

the third Degree : it is Ablterfive, Aperitive A-
ftringent, Difculhve, Diuretick and Incifive._ It is
Cephalick, Neurotick, Stomatick, Cordial, Mephri-
tick and Hyfterick. It is Alexipharmick, Analep-
tick, and Antiparalitick, being of very iubtil and

thin parts. , . , . , . _

XI. The Specification. It is a peculiar thing tor
the Cure of Convulfions, Epilepfies, Pallies, Trem-
blings Vertigo’s, Lethargies, Swoonings, Hyfterick
Fits, and other like Dileafes of the Head, Brain,
Nerves and Womb.

XII. The Preparations. You may have here-
from, I. A liquid Juice. 2. An Efience. ?. An
Infitjion. 4. A Ponder. 5. A Water dijh/led. 6.

A Spirituous TinSltre. 7. An Acid Tinlhtre 8.
An Oily Tinllure . 9. A Spirit. 10 .An Oil dril-

led. $ I. Powers. 12. An Elixir.

The Virtues.

XIII. The liquid Juice. It is of good Ufe again!!
Pains of the Head, and other Difeafes of that Part,
as alfo of the Brain and Nerves, proceeding from
Cold and Moifture, or the Afflux of cold Humors,
as the Apoplexy, Convulfions, Cramps, Cephala:a,
Epiiepfy, Fainting, Lethargy, Palfy, Tremblings
Vertigo, and other like Difaffeclions. It is good
again!! Swooning, Itrengthens the Stomach, opens
Obftructions of Liver and Spleen, provokes the
Terms, facilitates the Birth, and expels the dead
Child and After-birth. Dofe one, two or three
Spoonfuls in a Glafs of Wine.

XIV. T be Effence. It has all the Virtues of the
liquid Juice =, befides which, gargled in the Mouth,
it eafes the Tooth-ach proceeding from a cold Caufe,
provokes Urine, and gives Hafe in the Colick : u
prevails againft Palpitation, and Paffions or the
Heart, Strangling, Vapors and Suffocation of the
Mother. Dofe one or two Spoonfuls in a Glafs oi
Wine, or of the diftilled Water.

XV. The lnfufion in Wine. It has all the \ lr-
tues of the liquid Juice and Effence , helps the
Strangury, and Scalding of Urine, expels Wind,
and eafes the Griping of the Guts, being given in-
wardly from two to fix Ounces, according to Age
and Extremity of the Difeafe. But it is to be no-
ted, that tho’ this lnfufion may be made of the
green Leaves, yet it is much more powerful being
made of the Spikes of Flowers, which is molt
ufual.

XVI. The Ponder. It ftrengthens the Stomach,
expels Wind, and is good againft the Colick. Out-
wardly applied to old running Sores and Ulcers, it
drys up the Humidity, repreffes the Virulency and
Putridity, and difpofes them to he ri % , : where
note. That it ought to be made oi the , finked Heads
of Flowers. Mixed with Pouder ol Euphorbium it
is good to fcale foul and corrupted Bones. Given
to one Dram in White Port Wine to Women in
Travel, it facilitates the Birth, and expels tire Se-
cundine.

XVII. The Milled Water. This may be made
of Leaves and Flowers together. It has the Virtues
of the Juice, Effence and lnfufion, but in a much
lower degree, fo that it is to be ufed in a greater
quantity, as from three to fix Ounces, a little dul-

cified with double-refined Sugar : but it it moft
commonly ufed as a Vehicle to convey down into
the Stomach the other Preparations of this Herb.
Two Spoonfuls thereof does help fuch as have loft
their Speech or Voice by Convulfions, Palfies, Le-
thargies, or otherwife, reftoring it them again. It
helps alfo the Tremblings and Paffions of the
Heart, fainting and fwooning Fits, not only drunk,
but even applied to the Temples, or to the Noftrils
to be imel t unto. That which is made of the Flow-
ers alone, is much the belt.

XVIII. The Spirituous TinUttre. It is made of the
fpiked Leaves of Flowers, ( as are alfo all the fol-
lowing Preparations ) and is a noble Cephalick,
Neurotick, and Stomatick. It very much ftrengthens
the Head, Brain and Nerves, and refills all Dileafes
[hereof proceeding from Cold and Moilture oi thole
Parts. It gives Hafe in an inveterate or old HeaJ-
jeh, called Cephalua ; as alio in an accidental Head-
ach, called Cephalalgia ; and in a half Head-ach,
called the Megrim : it ftrengthens the Stomach io
a Miracle, is good againft Coldnefs, and Wateri-
nefs thereof. Wind and Over-turnings of the Sto-
mach, fainting and fwooning Fits, Sicknefs at Heart,
and indeed ail thole Difeafes lor which the Juice,
Effence, lnfufion and diftilled Water ate prefenbed.
Dofe from one Dram to three or more alone, if
dulcified : or otherwiie mixed with iorne generous
Wine,or with a fit quantity of the diftilled Water.

XIX. The AcidTintfure. This is a great Stoma-
tick, and very fit for a hot Stomach, Lecaufe by rea-
fonof the Acidity it allays the Heat thereof, acuates
it, ftrengthens it, and caufes a Angular good Appe-
tite and Digeftion ; t'uppreffes Vapors, as alfo a
hiatus, or Hypocliondtiack Melancholly, and Fits of
the Mother.' It prevails againft the Scurvy in a
cold and moift Habit of Body, and all the Symp-
toms of that pernicious Difeale -, carrying off the
Morbifick Matter or Caufe by llrine, which it cau-
fes a plentiful Evacuation of; and therefore is good
againft Stones, Gravel, Sand and Tartarous Matter
or Slime in the Reins, Ureters or Bladder. It is
to be taken daily, in all that the Patient drinks,
whether Ale, Beer or Wine, fo much at a time as
to give it a pleating Acidity. Outwardly bathed up-
on places affeUed with the Gout, it gives Eafe in
the Pain, and in' a Ihorc time cures it.

XX. The Oily Tinflure. It is powerful againft
Palfies, being anointed upon the Spina dorfi, accord-
ing to Conjugations of Nerves replenifhing the
Parts affected, as alfo upon the Paralytick Part it
felf : it prevails againft Convulfions, a Catalepfis,
Cramps, Lethargies, Falling-ficknefs, Trembling,
Vertigo, and other Difaffe&ions of the Nerves, be-
ing anointed upon the grieved places, and alfo ta-
ken inwardly from ten to thirty Drops in any pro-
per Vehicle : and fo given Morning and Night, it
is good againft- the Stone, Grave), Sand, and any
Tarrarous Mucilage in the Urinary Parts : it pow-
erfully provokes Urine, gives Eaie in the Strangury,
and takes away the Pain, Heat and Scalding there-
of: outwardlv, it is good ro cure Hurts and Pun-
Uures of the Nerves and Tendons, to difeufs Fla-
tulencies, and eafe Pains of the Joints and other;
Parts, proceeding from Cold and Moifture.

XXI. The Spirit. It is one of the greateft of
Vegetable Cephalicks and Cordials : it comforts the
Head, Brain, Nerves and Womb, fuppreffes Vapors,
and refilts Hyfterick Fits. It powerfully prevails a-
gainlt Palpitation of the Heart, Sicknefs ac Heart,
Fainting and Swooning, and all other Diftempers
of that Part. It revives the Spirits, cheers the Heart,
and ftrengthens all the Faculties of the Body : it is
prevalent againft a fevere Cold, and cures a Lethar-
gy in a ihort time. It may be taken two or three

times

times a Dato^or in a Paroxyfm, either alone, it al-
layed, and dulcified with line white Sugar or mix!
ivitli any proper Vehicle. The Patient’ troubled
' with any of the aforefaid Difeafe, dull not take
It in vain efpecially fuch as are Paralytick. Dolb
ijom one Dram to two or three Dams or more, ac-
cording as the Age of the Patient will admit, and
extremity of die Difeafe may require.

XXII. The HftiUed. Oil. It has all the Yir
tuts of the Juice, Eflence, Infufion, Tinbhires and
Spirit ^ and almolf an hundred times more power-
ful than them all, fo diat the Virtues hereof need
not now be again repeated in vain : but this in par-
ticular ic is one of the greatelf Anriparaly ticks,
Antepilepticks and Anriiparmaticks in the World •
and befides, being given to Women in Travel, it
facilitates the Birth, and expels the After-birth, and
gives Eaie in After-pains, beyond any other Medi-
cine I know in the World. The Dofe is from four
Drops to twelve, fixteen or twenty, ( in Extremity)
in any proper Vehicle. Firft drop it into Sugar
mixing them well together with the Point of a Knife-
then put it into the Wine, diddled Water, or other
fit Veluculum, and fo give it the Patient to drink
relating the Dofe as oft as you fee convenient. •
XXIII. The Powers. This Preparation has all the
v irtues of the Oil aforegoing, and may be given in
the fame. V ehicle : but as it is a more diluted Sub-
llance, it may be given in a much larger quantity,
tv--, from half a Dram to two Drams or more as
The Exigency may require. It is very fubtil and pe-
netrative, and pierces more than the Oil does. Out-
wardly applied, it is admirable againlt the Sciatica,
as alio againlt the Gour from a cold Caufe : and is
good againll a Lethargy, being bathed upon the
Eorcbead and Temples, ihuffed up the Noitrils
and taken alfo inwardly, as is before direfled. ’
XXIV. T he Elixir. This is the Powers elixira-
ted, has all. the Virtues of the Powers exalted, and
fo operates in a left Dofe, viz. from a Scruple to a
Dram, or from twenty Drops to lixty Drops, which
may be given Morning, Noon and Night in fuch
proper Vehicle as the Phyfician (lull afllgn. It is
peculiarly commended againft Palfies, and Difeafes
of the Womb, as Suffocation ; as alfo the Epilepfy
in younger Perfons. It gives Eafe in and cures the
Strangury, inwardly taken ; and prevails againlt the
Colick even by bathing the outward Parts therewith.
An Ounce of the Elixir being mixed with fix Ounces
of the dittilled Water, makes an excellent Lotion
for the Head in Pains thereof, as alfo in Lethargies
and to ftrengthen the fame.

CHAP. C9CCXXIV.

O/LAVENDE R-C O T T O N,

OR ,

SANTOLINE.

\-r~T'HE- Names. It is called in Greek ,

X imeiar©-, Cbamtecyparijpu -, and ’Affjj nra 6 nkaa
Abrotonon Theleia : in Latine , Chattnecypanjlrts,
Abrotomnn famine, and Santolma ; and in Engl'tjh ,
Lavender-Cotton, and Santoline.

■ JFle Authors make nine or ten Kinds of

this Plant ; we fhall be contented with iix of them,
which we find growing in our Gardens, or in Tome
of our Plantations beyond Sea, viz. 1. Abrotanum

ftmin'a tp/gare , Santolma communis Angni/lar.t ■
Gref polina Cxjalpini ; Chanixerpariftas Herb.: Plinij ■
Our Common Garden Lavender-Cotton: 2. Abro-
tanum firm no. magnum ; Abrotanum ftemina J ivun-
diim C/ufiij ; Abr'onmum jirmina joins magis viridi -
bias Camerarij Folium, ali/id Column* Gleat I.a-
vender-Cotton. 3; Abrotanum .frmina narbonenje
mugno Jlor'c ■, Sampnicum majra Cadi-, Abfinlhiun;
martnum pritnum Tubcr.namontani ■, %eripltium varum
lb wf corid is, according co Pena and Label, who fivs
it has the Form of' Abrotanum ftrmina Santolma
prima Dodontci ; Abraimum jcvimna tertium Ciujii
Karbonenfe ; Po’ij altera Species major Cotmiiis-,
Abrotanum ftemina flare majore Banhini ; French
Lavender-Cotton. 4. Abrotanum ftemina Ericz/p-
liis Banhini -, Santolina tertia Pod, ntei ■, Unguent .1-
ria Lutetian arum ; Chamscyparijfm Dalecbampij , (as
Bauhine thinks ) Heath-leaved Lavender-Cotton ■,
Fine leaved Lavender-Cotton. Abrotanum fte-
miria joins Rpjamanm mains id minus Banhini A-
brotanum ftemina quart unrCluflj, (which is his firlt
Spanifh Kind) Abrotanum ftemina llofemonnifohis
minus Banhini, ( which is the lelfer Species ) and is
the Second Spanifl) Abrotanum ftemina Chtflj ■ Kole-
mary-Ieaved Lavender-Cotton, both Greater and Lef-
fer. 6. Abrotanum ftemina vindis minor Banhini,

( fo called in refpe£l to the fecond green Kind above-
named) and is the third Sptmijh of Clujhts, called,
Abrot anum ftemina Sa/amanticenfis ; Srfhll green
Lavender-Cotton.

III. The Defcriptions. T he firft, or Our Com-
mon Garden Lavender-Cotton. It hut a -Root which
is woody, and fpreads it [elf under Ground with Jc-
veral hard Fibres. From this Root rile up feveral
woody, brittle, hoary Branches, on which grow
many long, four-fquare, hoary, or wliitifii Leaves
dented about the edges. At the tops of 'the- Branch-
es grow up naked Stalks, bearing every one a large
yellow Head or Flower, like unto Tanfy or A Lud-
lin, but greater, of a Gold-yellow Color - abiding
a long time upon the Stalks, if kept but very drv :
alter which comes fmall dark-colored Seed. The
whole Plant is of a very ftrong fweet Smell, bht not
unplealant, nor much unlike Southernwood.

IV. The fecond , or Great Lavender-Cotton. It
haj a Root which fpreads it f elf in the Ground , with
hard moody Branches, like the other, and endures the
Extremity of Winter, at well at the other doth
This is very like to the former Ordinary Garden
Kind, but not' bufiiing out fo thick with Stalks
growing to have a great height, and a thick Stem
or Stalk, not fet with fo many Branches thereon
but fomewhat bigger than the other, on which grow
fourlquare dented Leaves, like thereunto, but iome-
what larger, thicker and greener; the Flowers Hand
m.the fame manner, every one upon its long Sraik
being as yellow and large as the former, and which
being palt away give the like Seed. The finell of
the whole Plant and every part thereof is ftrong
but not lo- plea-funt to a great many as the other’
this will be propagated by flipping as well as the
former.

V. The third, or French Lavender-Cottoif. It has
a Root which is at great and at woody as either of
the afgegoing, and Jprcads as muck in the. Ground
Thri' grows not ro be fo'high as rhe .firft or'

Kind but has many woody, fiiorr.
above- half -a Yard high, .vari-
lnfo many other frrtall ones, on which -
w=! likt the others, but fomewhat fmaller,
fPerfe% or thinly fet on the- Branches, of
w^r? Color, neither fo green as the lafl
or o DM, nor fully fo White as the firlt or Common
Ki/d', of a Itrong Smell: fombtbing like to our firlt.

The

608 Salmon j- Herbal Lib. I.

The Flowers Hand upon the tops of the fmaller
Sprigs or Stems* each beating one alone by it felt,
upon a bare or naked Stalk, void of Leaves for a
good fpace, which are of a paler yellow Color than
the others, and much larger, and giving Seed of
fomewhat a daiker Color.

Lavender-Cotton Trench .

VI. The fourth, or Heath-leaved Lavender-Cotton.
T his has a Root much like for Form and. Subfiance to
the others : but the Plant it felf grows not l'o great
or high as the Trench Kind does * but has many
Ihort woody Branches, on which do fperfedly grow
fmaller, Ihorter and finer whitifh green Leaves, ve-
ry like to the Leaves of our Com mon Heath. The
Flowers are yellow. Handing in like manner as all
the former do. And the whole Herb has a very
pleafing (but not ftrong) Smell to commend it,
fomewhat refinous, and not very faintilh or weak.

VII. T be fifth \ or Rofemary-leaved Lavender-

Cotton both Greater and Lcffer. The Greater Kind
has a woody fpreading Root , like to the others afore-
going : and it fhoots forth from this Root many
lender hoary Stalks, fomething above a Foot long 5
about which grow many very narrow, fmall and Hat
Leaves, like unto the Leaves of Rojemary , which
while they are young, are of a more hoary white,
and have but a fmall Shew of denting about the
edges ^ but when they. are grown old, they are more
green, and the denting about the edges is more ap-
parent, of a fweet Smell and bitter Tafte. From
thefe Stalks come forth feveral Ihort Stems, with
very few Leaves on them, on the tops of which
Hand feveral yellow Flowers, like to Common La-
vender-Cotton., but much larger, which die d^wn to
the main Stalks every Year, after perfec^0[4 the
Seed as the others do. The Lejfer Rojem \ tjp aved
Kind , differs not from the Greater ir ^ Gves
and Flowers, but in their Smallnefs, this w-

er, more (lender and fmall in every part, \ >irC:s
not by realon of the place, its being more e
barren, (as fome have thought) but it ha “e'en
found, that growing in the fame place with the for-

mer or Greater Kind , and the Seed being fown in
the fame places, that it Hill retains the Form and
Magnitude it had, as growing in its natural
place.

VIII. The fixth, or Small green Lavender-Cotton.
The Root is woody , like the former, and replenifhed
with fmall Fibres. This Plant is very like to the
la ft Small Kind, but that it grows fomewhat greater
and higher, having green, and not hoary Sralks at
all as the Leaves alio are, being a little longer,
and as bitter in Tafte as the others, but not of fo
Ivveet a Smell, having rather an Oily Scent. The
blowers grow in the fame manner upon (lender
Stalks, and or' the fame Fafliion, but of a paler yel-
low Color.

IX. The Rlaces. The firft grows naturally in
Germany. The fecond in the Low-Countries. The
third about Narbone in France. The fourth and
fifth Clufius found growing about Salamanca in Spain.
The fixth is unknown, as in what place it is a Na-
tive : but they all grow well with us, being nurfed
up in Gardens.

X. The Times. They all of them flower in July
and Augufi, and the Seed is ripe in fome little time
after.

XL The Qualities. Lavender-Cotton, hut more
efpecially the Flowers and Seed, are hot and dry in
the third Degree. It is Altringent, Dilcuilive,
Neurotick, Hyfterick, and Alexipharmick.

XII. The Specification. It ltops the Whites, re-
fills the Poylon of Serpents and 'other Venomous
Creatures, kills Worms in Children, and cures Itch
and Scabs of all forts in whomfoever. Diof cor ides,
and fo all other Writers generally after him, fay,
that the Virtues of Lavender-Cottoned of Southern-
wood, are the fame, and of like Effefts, and that
the Medicines made from this Plant are applied to
all the Difeafes to which Southernwood is appro-
priate.

XIII. The Preparations. You may make all the
fame Preparations hereof as we teach you to make
from Southernwood, which lee hereafter in its pro-
per Chapter. But thefe following Preparations are
more particular and fpecial, viz. 1. A Pouder of
the dried Leaves. 1. An lnfufion of the Leaves.

3 . A Pouder of the Seed. 4. A Spirituous Tintture
of the dried Leaves or Seed.

The Virtues.

XIV. The Pouder of the Seed. It kills Worms,

( as will alfo the green Seed, being bruifed and
drank.) It is thought to be equal, if not fuperior
to our Vfual or Common Wormfecd, and has the fame
Virtues again!! Worms, avoiding them with greater
Force. Dofe from half a Dram to a Dram in the
Morning faffing, ancl at Night going to Bed, in a-
ny proper Vehicle. It is good alfo againft the Bi-
tings of Serpents, Mad Dogs, or any other Veno-
mous Creatures, being inwardly given as aforefaid,
and applied Pultice-wile to the Part wounded.

XV. The Pouder of the Leaves.. Malthiolus fays,
that being given to half a Dram ( it may be given to
a Dram) in Featherfew- Water, every Morning fatt-
ing for ten Days at leaf! together, and afterwards
every other Day, for fome time. It is a very pro-
fitable Medicine to ftop the Whites in Women, and
to cure them. Pliny lays it is alfo good againft the
Poyfon of all Venomous Serpents and Scorpions,
being taken in Wine. It kills Worms alfo, and has
all the Virtues of the Seed, but not altogether fo
powerful and therefore may very well be ufed.
when the Seed cannot be gotten, but in lomewhat a
greater Dofe,

XVI. The

Chap. 425. [Englijh Herbs „

6op

XVI, The Infufion of the heaves in Wine. Ic
has alL the Virtues of' the Pouder of Seeds and
Leaves, but not full out fo effeQual as the Pouder
in Subftance, and may be given from three Ounces
to fix, every Night going to Bed, and every Morn-
ing fatting. Clnjiiis fays, that in Spain they ule
the Infufion or Decoction thereof to cure all forts of
Itch and Scabs in whomfoever, but he advifes, that
there lliould be Caution ufed in giving it. This is
certain, that in all the Difeafes afore-named, for
which thefe Plants may be proper, it will be yet
more effeflual, that the Pouder of Leaves or Seed
be given in the Infufion now lpoken of.

XVII. The Spirituous T inOure of the dried
Leaves or Seed. This Preparation has all the Vir-
tues of the former, and is much better to be given
than they, becaufe it is given in a fmaller Dofe, and
in fome other proper Vehicle more pleafant, as in
Angelica , or Penny-Royal, or Mint-Waters, or in
Red Port Wine , or fome other proper Allringent
Wine. It {Lengthens the Womb, and all thofe
Parts belonging to Generation, powerfully refills
Vapors, and if prudently given, cures Hylterick Fits,
tho’ vehement and of long (landing. But in many
Cafes, in the Exhibition of Medicaments, the Judg-
ment of a Learned and Experienced Phyfician ought
to be taken along with them : for fuch a one, by
his difereet and prudent Adminiftration, (hall do
Wonders with that Medicament, with which an
unlearned and unskilful Man can do nothing at all.
There is a great Matter in the true Dofeof aMedi-
cine, according to Age, Strength, Temperature, Sex,
and Stubbornnefs of the Difeafe. There is fome-
thing in the Choice of the Preparation to the in-
tended Purpofe. There is more yet to be obferved
as to the right time of Adminiftring ; and a great
deal as to the Continuance of it, or Alteration of
the fame, as tire Stomach, or Nature and State of
the Difeafe is found to change or alter, Cfc.

LEAD-WORT, fee Scar-Wort, Chap.
LAV-ENDER-SEA, fee Limonade, Chap.

CHAP. CCCCXXV.

Of LAUREL Dwarf or Ground.

1. ’ T ' H E Warns. It is called in Greek, Xziau-

Jl Mpn : in Latine, Cbamsiapbne ■, Chams-
daphne Vera Diofcoridls, Laureola, Laurus Alexan-
drine altera Matthioli Laurus A/exandrina Colum-
ns, Lugduncnfis, Tabernsmontani, Clufj, Cf Bau-
hifii ; Rufco ajfinis altera Csfalpini : in Englifi,
Ground or Dwarf Laurel.

II. The Kinds. It is a lingular Plant of the
Kind, tho’ fome would make it to be a fecond fort
of Laurel of Alexandria , which I can no ways be-
lieve it to be.

III. The Description. It has hard Root, and
very fibrous ; from whence rifes up one Stem or Stalk ,
and fine limes two or more, which feem to be center-
ed with Leaves fet thereon, one above another, on
both files thereof, the lower being larger than the
upper, which Leaves are long and narrow, alfo Jharp
pointed, very like to a Common Bay Leaf, having
many Ribs therein of a deep green Color on the up-
per fide, and paler underneath, full of Ribs or Veins
alfo, not much unlike to Horfe-tongue, faving that

they are without any fecond lmall Leaf or Tongue,
fuch as Horfe-tongue has, but as hard in handling!
This has Flowers, and red Berries in the middle of
the Leaf, ( and upon fo (hort a Stalk, that it feems
to have hone) growing outer' the middle Rib; but
thefe grow on the under fide for the molt part,
which may make it to be thought a Species of the
Laurus A/exandrina, but indeed is not.

Dwarf or Ground Laurel.

IV. The Places. It grows naturally on fevetal
Hills in Italy, which lor its Rarity was brought into
their Gardens ; and by the means of John Tradef-
canr, it was brought into our Country and Climate
where it ffourifbes very well.

V. The Times. It flowers in June, and the Ber*
ties are ripe in September, in its native Country -
but here in England its Fruit comes not to Perie-
£tion.

VI. The Vitalities. It is hot and dry in the end
of the fecond Degree -, Aperitive, Vulnerary and
Diuretick.

VII. The Specification. It eafes the Belly-ach,
powerfully provokes Urine and the Courfes, and is
good againft Heart-burnings.

\ III. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, r. A Decolhcn or Infufion of Herb and Roots,
in liine. 2. A Pouder oj the Herb and Roots. 3,
A Bath or Euviigation.

The Virtues.

IX. The Infufion or DecoSion of Herb or Roots in
Wine. It powerfully provokes Urine and the Terms
in Women, cleanles the Womb of Fceculencies, and
the Reins and Bladder of Sand or Gravel, Mucila-
ginous or Tartarous Matter, and gives Eafe in the
Strangury. Diofcorides lays it haltens and facili-
tates the Birth of Women in Labor : and it is of
lingular Ufe to dry up theMoifture of old running
Sores and Ulcers, tho’ rebellious and inveterate, it
cleanfes them, and induces a fpeedy Healing, and
this by wafhing the Sores or Ulcers herewith twice
a Day. Dole from three Ounces to fix twice a
Day, vie. Morning and Evening. The Head being
alfo bathed herewith, it is faid to eale the Pain
thereof

I i i I

X, The

6 io Salmons Herbal. Lib. L

X. 1 he Fonder of Herb or Root. Ic has all the
Virtues of the Infufion beforegoing : befides which,
it eafes and cures the Heart-burning, and gives Eafe
in the Colick, Gripings of the Guts, and other Di-
itempers of the Bowels, being taken Morning and
Night in a Glafs of generous Wine, from half a
Dram to a Dram and half.

XI. T he Bath or Fumigation made with Water.
It is very good for Women to fit over, to receive
the hot Fumes up the Womb, or to fit in as a Bath $
or to have it injetfed up the Womb, in cafe of fal-
ling down of the Womb, and to fettle it in its right
place again.

CHAP. CCCCXXVI.

Of LEEKS.

I. H E Names. This Plant is called in Arabic k,

JL Curat feu Karat : in Greek , ri^W in La-
tine, For rum ■, and by Falladius , Forms : in Eng-
//77a, Leek.

' II. The Kinds. Of Leeks there are feveral forts,
as, i. ii Ksiaraiiv, For rum Capital urn, Common
headed or let Leek. i. ntf/rov Forrum Se-

llHe, Forrum Set five nut Ton file. Common cut or
unfet Leek. 3. ’k/m^osrfgffov, Ampcloprafum , For-
rum Vitium , Forrum Vil i gin cum, The Vine-Leek
and this Farhinfon fays is the belt of all the Kinds.
4. Ufg.eov tt-AAv, Forrum Sylveftre , The Wild Leek.

Common beaded or fet heel

III. The Defcriptions. The firft , or Common
headed or fet Leek. The Root is a kind of bearded
Bulb , white , long and fender , that growing in fome
to a confiderable Thicknefs. From this Root rifes
up broad fiat Leaves or Blades, which grow out

long, and very many of them, having a Crelt or
Ridge on the back-lide ^ in Smell and Tafte very
ftrong, not much unlike Onions, or between Onions
and Garlick. The Stalks ( if the Blades are not cut
often, but are fuffered to grow uncut) will in the
fecond or third Year after Sowing, fend forth a
round and (lender Stalk, of an Evennefs quite
throughout, and not fwoln, or bigger in the middle,
as is that of an Onion h which bears at the top a
round Head or Ball, like to that of the Onion con-
fiding of purplifii Flowers and black Seed’ after
them, fo very like unto Onion- Seed, that it is hard
to diltinguifh them.

Leeks ‘Vnfet, or Cut Leeks.

IV. The fecond , or Common cut or unfet Leek,
has a Root which is alfo white , long, and fenderer
than the former, with a great Bujh of Fibres hanging
at it, like a Beard but this being tranf planted,
grows thicker and greater. The Stalk, Blade, Heads,
Flowers and Seed, are much like the other above.
Now, tho’ molt Writers diltinguifh the Common
Leek in two Kinds, viz. Forrum Cap it at urn, Of
Sefliyuw, the Headed and Cut Leek, yet Gerard
lays, they both grow of the fame Seed, and that
they differ only in Culture : for that which is of-
ten cut for the life of the Kitchen, is called. Setti-
vum :■ the other which is headed, is not cut, but
fperfed, aud removed in Autumn. Alatthioh/s lays,
Aon differt a Capitato. , nifi quod Capite ft tenuiere ,
ac etiam Ccrvice.

V. The third , or Vine-Leek, which feme call the
French-Leek. Its Root or Bulb is headed or round,
hard and found, and is quickly multiplied by fending
forth many Bulbs ■ and it will cncreafc altogether by
the Root, as Garlick does. It grows up with Blade.'',
like thole of Common Leeks : the Stalk is a Cubic
■ high, on tire top of which Hands a round Head or
; Button, covered at the firft with a thin Skin, which
- being broken : the Flowers and Seed come forth
like thofe of the Onion.

Vine -

Chap. 426. ‘EngHjh Herbs. 611

Vine-Leek.

and Stalk are much like unto tbofe of Crow-Garlick
but much larger , and more acride, or Jharp and
firong. The Flowers and Seed alfo refemble thofe
of the Crow-Garlick in Chap. 510. afore-defcribed :
the Seeds being about the Bignels of Grains of
Wheat, with fmall Strings coming forth at their
ends.

VII. The Places. The firlt three grow with us
in Gardens only, which ought to be a good Earrh,

fat, well dunged and digged, and are common to
be had in all Countries, as well as in England. The
Vine-Leek grows of it felf in Vineyards, and near
unto Vines, in hot Countries, from whence came
the Name. The Wild Leek grows wild in feveral
Regions, and is many times nurfed up in our Gar-
dens.

VIII. The Times. Leeks may be Town in March
or April , and removed in September or OBober.
The Vinc-Lcck bears its green Leaves in Winter ,
and withers away in Summer.

IX. The Vitalities. They are all of them hot
and dry in the fourth Degree. They are Appetitive,
Abllt-rlive, Anodyne, Auratlive, Digeftive, Diure-
rick, Emollient, Incifive, Attenuating and Suppura-
tive ; Scomarick, Pectoral, Nephritick, Emmenago-
gick, Alexipharmick, Analeptick and Spermatoge-
netick.

X. The Specification. They cure the Scurvy in a
cold habit of Body, help a dejected Appetite, eaie
the Strangury, and other Difeafes of the Reins and
Bladder, as alfo Ulcers of the Lungs.

XI. The Preparations. You may have from Leeks
\. A liquid Juice. 2. An EJJence. 3. Anlnfufion.
4. A Broth, ;. ALohoc. 6. A boiled Sallet.' 7.
A diftilled Water. 8. A Spirit. 9. ■ A Spirituous
t incture. 10. An Acid TinBure. 11. An Oily
TinBure. la. el Ponder of the Seed. 13 .A G
taplafm of Root and Blades.

The Virtues.

XII. The liquid Juice of Roots and Blades. A
Spoonful of it being mixed with Honey, and drunk,
it is good againft the Bitings of Venomous Bealts
and Serpents, the Roots or Leaves being alfo beaten
to a Pulp, and laid thereon. It wonderfully pro-
vokes Urine, eafes the Strangury, and brings down
the Terms in Women ; cures the Bitings of Mad
Dogs and other Poyfonous Creatures ; but thefe
things the Juice of the Vinc-Lcck more efpecially
performs.

XIII. The EJJence. It has all the Virtues of the
liquid Juice, and may be given in any proper Vehi-
cle from half a Spoonful to a Spoonful and half:
mixt with Vinegar, or Milk, or Oil of Roles, and
dropt into the Ears, it eafes their Pain, and takes
away any Noife in them.

XIV. The lnfufion in Wine. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Juice and Effence -, and being given from
three Spoonfuls to fix or more, it facilitates the
Birth of Women in Labor, brings away the After-
birth, eales After-pains, and caules a due cleanfing.

XV. The Broth. It is made by boiling them in
Barly Broth, or Early Cream, till they are foft or
dilfolved, and lo they are eaten with it, and may be
called Leek Pottage. Is concocts, and caules Ex-
pectation of crude and undigelted Flegm, and 0-
ther Humors lodged in the Thorax, or Lungs and
Stomach, and Parts adjacent : befides, it nourifhes
much, and is good to be eaten by fuch as are in
Confumptions.

XVI. The Lohoch. Label prepares it thus : Take
blanched Almonds three Ounces , Juice of Liquorice
two Ounces, choice tigs one Ounce, foft Bdellium half
an Ounce , Sugar-Candy in fine Ponder two Ounces ,
difiolved in Juice of Leeks,, a Sufficient quantity
bod all m Balneo till they come into the term of an
Eclegma. Label commends it as very efteftual a-
gainft a flegmatick Quinfey; and cold Catarrhs,
which are in danger to caufe Suffocation. It is an
excellent tiling againlt Coughs, Colds, Hoarfnefc,
Difficulty of Breathing, Wheezing, CVc.

XVII. The boiled Sallet. It is made by boiling
them in VVater or Broth to Softneis, then drefling
them up with Butter. $jnegar or Lime-Juice, Salt

I i i i 2- and

G\*

Salmon s Herbal. Libi ‘1.

an.l Pepper. It is a very grateful thing to the Sto-
mach and Bowels. We find in Scripture, in ancient
Times, as in the time of the Children of tf tael's be-
ing in Eeypt, and probably a long time hetore, thcie
K,iflern Nations fed. much upon Lech, and Omens ,
e. d Ga tiick, which poihbly they might either eat
alone, or baked, or roalted, or boiled, in Water or
in Broth with flefli and this fame manner ol
feeding on them, deems to be in all Nations alike :
in AUJ'covia and K ujfta they are commonly eaten,

■uid the Turks (as Bcllonuts fays) have them ierved
up .in their Diflies at Table, yea, to their Greateli
Lords O' Baffa’s. They are eaten alfo much in Spam,
and thro’ • all the Weft Miss, in all the SPaniJh.
hash Dutch and Englijh Plantations, he u.
England likewife univerftlly eat them, and they art
a great and general Feeding in Wiles, even among
the Gentry there ; and in Lew-time we almott every-
where make Pottage of them, and it is a profitable
Food for poor People in hard Times.

XVIII. T he dijhl/ed Water. It is a Angular Diu-
retick, good againft Gravel, Sand, Mucilaginous
and Tartarous Matter -in the Reins, Ureters and
Bladder. It has the Virtues of the Juice, Hence
and Infufion •, but being much weaker, is to be gi-
ven in greater quantity, and may ferve as a general
Vehicle to give other Preparations of Leeks in. Dofe
from four to eight Ounces.

XIX. The Spirit. It is good to free the Thorax
or Stomach,- Lungs, 0V. from putrid or rotten
Flegm, and prevails againft Coughs, Colds, Catarrhs,
or Diftilladons of Rheum, by which many have
been brought into a Confumption. It invigorates
the Inftruments of Generation, warms and comforts
"the Womb, provokes Urine and the Terms, and is
profitable againft Barrennefs in both Sexes. Dofe
two or three Drams, two or three times a Day.

XX. T he Spirituous Tinliitrc. It has ail the
Virtues of the Spirit, hut much more powerful to
all the Intentions, being given from one Dram to
three in any convenient Vehicle,* two, three or four
times a Day, but chiefly every Morning lifting, and
every Night going to Bed.

XXI. The Acid Tint/ tire. It attenuates, cuts
and incides tough blegm which flicks faft in the
Bronchia of the Lungs, and trees them and the Parts
adjacent from putrid or rotten Humors lodged there-
in, which is otherwife difficult to be avoided. It
reitores their Voice which hits been loltthio ilcuil- j
pels j and after an admirable manner ftrengthens the
Stomach and Bowels : and cures fucii as have been
poyfoned, or furieited by eating of Mulhromes.

I )ofe fo many Drops as to make the Wine or other
Vehicle piealamly acid.

XXII. The Oily Tinthirc. It is good againlt
Lamenefs and Weaknefs of the Nerves, Joints and
Limbs, and therefore is of lingular life againft the
Pally, and Gout from a cold Oiuie, being anointed
upon the Part.s aftecled. Inwardly taken from eight
to twenty Drops, being fiilt dropt into White Su-
gar, and mixed well with it, and fo given in White
Port Wine, or in the diltilled Water, or lome other
proper Vehicle, it gives prefent bale in the Stran-
gury, opens Obftruttions of the Urinary Parts, and
expels Gravel, Sand, Mucilage_ or Tartarous and
Slimy Matter affecting thofe Baits. Given to a
Woman in Labor, it facilitates the Birth, brings a-
way the After-birth, and cauies a due Cleaniiiig.

XXlll. The Ponder of the Seed. Lais Leek-
Seed three Drams, Alirtle- Berries two Draws, make
cash into a fine Louder, and mix them. This Mix-
ture given fiotn one Dram to two in Red Porr, or
Red Barcelona Wire, or ocher proper Vehicle, will
flop any Spitting of BlooiL tho’ it has been of long
Continuance. It is laid, that if theib Ingredients

he put into Wine, they will kvep it from Sorweing ;
and if it be already Sower, it will amend the fime.
This Pouder will cut grols and tough Humors, and
pure Fluxes of the Bowels, yea, the Bloody- flux it

felt.

XXIV. The Catap/afm. The Roots and Blades
being boiled foft in Water, or Milk, or Wine, and
fo made into a Pultice, and applied to fwoln He-
morrhoids or Piles, it difeufles the Tumor, gives
Fafe in the Pain, and in a fhort time after cures
them. If die Cataplafm is made of the raw Roots,
by beating them in a Mortar, adding a few Crumbs
of While Bread, as you fee occaiion, and be applied
10 any place bitten by a Mad Dog, Viper, Rattle-
Snake, or other Venomous Creature ; it infallibly
jtrra&s to, and draws out all the Poyfon ; and this
it does by reai'on of its vehement attraffive Force,
by which means it perfeUly frees the Patient from
ail manner of Danger.

c h a p. ccccxxvii.

Of L E N T 1 L S: '

Tv jj p Karnes. This Plant is called in Arabic/: ,
Hades : in Greek, mid *“», Phacos

and Phase in Lanas, Lens and Lcnticu/a : in
Englijh, Lentil and Lints Is. A - -

ii. The Kinds. There are three Kinds hereof,
viz. i. Inns major. The greater Lentil. 2. Lens
minor. The leifer Lentil. 3. Lens, maculate. The
fpotted Lentil.

Great and Small Lentils.

III. TheDefcriptions. The firft,or Greater Lentil,
has a Root which is Jibrot/s , ani'pcrijbes every Tear.
From this Root rife up feveral weak Branches,
fomewhat hard, about two Feet long ; from whence

(hoot

fhoot forth at feveral places long Stalks of (mail
winged Leaves, that is, having many fmaller Leaves
on each fide of a middle Rib, without any odd one
at the end •, for the middle Rib of each Stalk of
Leaves, ends in a ftnall Clafper. The Flowers are
fmall, and rife up from between the Leaves and the
Stalks, two for the mod part at the end of a long
Foot-ftalk, of a fad purplifh Color, fomewhat like
to thofe of Vetches after which come fmall fiiorr.
and fomewhat flat Cods, within which are contain-
ed two or three flat, round, fmooth Seed, of a pale
yellowifh Afh-color.

IV. The fecond , or Lefier Lentil. It his a f, 'mall
fender fibrous Root , pc rifling every Tear : from
whence proceed fmall , tender and pliant Branches,
a Foot and half high , on which do grow winged
Leaves , like the former , divided or con filling of o
ther fmaller Leaves, growing ail ope from both fides
of the. Rib or middle Stalk, narrow, and many in
number, like to thofe of Tares, or thofe of the Wild
Vetch , laving that they are nafrower and lefier, and
ending at the middle Rib with Lome clafping Ten-
drel, wherewith it takes hold of fuch things as are
near to it. From among thefe come forth fmall
brownifh Flowers, mixed with White, which turn
into fmall flat Cods, containing little fiat brown
Seed, and fometimes white. Farkinfon fays, that
this is leffer in Stalks, Leaves and Seed ^ the Flow-
ers are more pale, and the Seed in the Cods is whi-
ter, in which confifts the whole Difference.

V. The third , or Spotted Lentil. This differs
little or nothing from the lafi, but in the Seed , which
in this Plant is blackifh , and f pot ted with blacker
Spots.

VI. The Places. The two firfl, even beyond Sea,
are only fown in Fields, as other manured Fulfes
are, and fo are they in fome Counties of England ,
efpeciallly the fecond or fmaller fort, which is eve-
ry where the more pleafant and acceptable ; but
the greater does with very great Difficulty come to
Maturity with us, if the Seafon or Weather is not
kindly and dry. Gerard fays, that it had been told
him by Perfons of good Credit, that Husband-men
about Watford in Middlefex , and other places in
England , do fow them for their Cattel, even as o-
thers do Tares. The third grows wild in Portugal ■,
with us only in Gardens.

VII. The Times. They all flower, and their Seed
grows ripe in July and Augufl , and fometimes
later.

VIII. The Vitalities. The Lentil is temperate in
refpeft to Heat or Cold, and dry in the fecond De-
gree : Aftringent, Stomatick, Hyfterick and Vulne-
rary.

IX. The Specification. The Fruit or Grain flops
Fluxes, and the Terms in Women, cleanfes and heals
old Sores, Kibes, Ulcers, Pf c.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
I. A De coition of the Grains , or of the whole Cods
and Grains , in Wine or Water. 2. A Compound
Decoftion of the fame. 3. A Meal or Flower. 4.
Pottage. <>. A Mixture with Honey. 6. A Cata-
plafm with Vinegar. 7. A compounded Cataplafm.
8. A Cataplafm made with Sea-water.

The Virtues.

XI. The Decoftion of the Cods or Grains in Wine
or Water. Made with the Cods and Grains, it is
Aftringent or Binding -, it flops the Terms, Fluxes
and Vomiting, and ftrengthens the Bowels. If it
is made with the Grains alone, it is faid to loofen
the Belly ^ but their fecond DecoUion binds the
Belly, and flops Fluxes.

XII. The compound Decoftion > It is made by

joining a half quantity of Catechu,cf Red Beet Roots ,
Pomgranate Peels, Myrtle Berries , Service Berries,
Unripe Pears , Quinces. Galls , Sumach Berries ,
Medlars Unripe , Red Rife Leaves , and Plantane
Leaves , and boiling them all in rough Red Wine. It
has all the Virtues of the former, and much more
powerful, good againft: the Overflowing of the
Terms in Women, and the Bloody-flux, alio Spit-
ting and Pilling Blood, and any other Flux of Blood,
whether inward or outward. It allays Inflammati-
ons, and dries up great and deep Ulcers.

X1IL The Meal or I lower. It ftrengthens the
Stomach, being taken from half a Dram to a Dram,
in any convenient Vehicle. Strewed very thick up-
on old moift or running Sores or Ulcers, it drys up
the putrid Humidity, and difpofes them to Heal-
ing.

XIV. The Pottage. It nourifhes, but is faid to .
breed a thick and heavy Juice, which pafles flowly
thro’ the Veflels ^ and therefore is a very bad Food
lor fuch as have the Leprofy, or are fubjeU to the
Scab, Cankers, Tettars, Ring-worms, Scirrhus, Me-
lancholy, &c. all'o for fuch as have dry and wither-
ed Bodies, are confumptive, or are fallen into a
Pining, or have a Dimnefs of Sighr. But for fuch
as have a Droply, or are in danger of a Dropfy, or
abound with waterifh Humors, it is very good to
feed upon.

XV. The Mixture of the Meal made with Honey.

It cleanfes corrupt and rotten Sores and old Ulcers,
filling them up with Flefli again -, and is a molt An-
gular thing to be pur into the common Digeftives
which are ufed lor green Wounds : and applied to
Apoftems, it maturates and breaks them.

XVI. 'The Cataplafm with Vinegar Or four Wine.

It (being applied) eafes the Pains of the Gout, fbft-
ens Womens Breaits which are made hard, with
curdled Milk ; waftes away Wens and other hard
and fcrophulous Tumors of the Throat.

XVII. The compounded Cataplafm. It is made
of the Alcal, zvitb Pulp of raw Quinces , adding a
little Juice of Melilote and Oil of Rofes. Applied,
it helps the Haemorrhoids or Piles, giving prefenc
Fate : all Inflammations of the Fundament, as alfo
Inflammations of the Eyes. Note, That it will be
fo much the ftrongef, if Ponder of Pomgranate
Peels , and cf Red Rofes , be added , with a little
Honey.

XVIII. The' Cataplafm made with Sea Water.-
Made by boiling the Flower in Sea Water , and after-
wards adding a little Vinegar to it when it is ufed :
it is good againft Wheals, Pufhes, watery or run-
ning Sores, Tettars, Ring-worms, Kibes, Anthonies-
Fire, Womens Breaits fwelled hard with curdled
Milk, the Gour, Cfc.

C H A P. CCCCXXVIII.

Of LENTIL Sea.

TH E Names.

caufe, I fuppofe, unknown to the Greeks :

614 Salmon 's Herbal. Lib. JL

III. The Defcriptions. The fr/ ?, - or Common
narrow-leaved Sea Lentil. It has many winding
Stalks , on which grow Jhort Branches , Jet thick with
narrow Leaves , like thofe cj Beividere or Befonjflax,
and among thele grow many skinny, hollow, empty,
round Berries, of the Bignefs and Shape of Lentils,
Ifom whence it takes its Name : they are fome-
times of a pale Amber-color, and fometimes that
Color is fpeckt with Red.

IV. The fecond , or Jagged or Saw-leaved Sea
Lentil. This Defcription you fhall have from Aco-
fta. In that famoin and no lefs to he feared Navi-
gation del Sergazo, ( for fo they that fail into the
Indies call that Space of the Ocean from the 18 th to
the it'tb Degree of North Latitude) is feen a deep
and fpacious Sea , covered with an Herb called Ser-
gua’zo, being a Span long , wrapped with the tender
Branches , as it were into Balls ^ having narrow and
tender Leaves , about half an Inch long , or fomewhat
longer , a little broad , and Jnipt about the edges ,
of Color reddijh , of Tajte infi pi d, or without any
fenfiblc Biting , but what is rather drawn from the
Salt Water , than naturally inherent to the Plant.
At the fetting on of each Leaf grows a Seed, round,
like a Pepper Corn, of a whitilh Color, and fome-
time of White and. Red mixt : it is very tender
when it is firft drawn forth of the Water, yet hard
when it is dried ; but by realon of its Thinnefs,

folUculaeeus Linarix folio Bauhini ; and the Acina-
nx Marina: altera Species Imperati. 2. Lenticula
Marina Serratis foliis , Lucus foliaccus Serrate folio
Bauhini , Acinar ix Marina tertia Species Imperati ,
The Jagged or Saw-leaved Sea Lentil. This Broad -
leaved or Saw-leaved Sea Lentil, Clufius in his Scho-
lia on the laft Chapter of Acofla, his Book of Sim-
ples, puts it to the Queftion, 'whether this with the
dented Leaves be not that Herb which is culled
Sarguafo or Sargazo ? but Bauhinus , in his Pinax ,
determines it as certain.

Common narrow-leaved Sea Lentil,

very iragil and full of fait Water. There .is no
Root to be obferved in this Plant, but only the
Marks of the Breakings off appear. And it is like-
ly it grows in the deep and handy Bottom of the
Sea, and there may have fmall Roots. Yet fome
are of Opinion, That this Herb is plucked up and
carried away by the rapid Courle of the Waters
which fall out of many Illands into the Ocean.
Now, the Mailer of the Ship in which I was; did
ltiffly maintain this Opinion : and in failing here,
we were becalmed ; bur as far as ever we could fee,,
we law the Sea wholly covered with this Plant.
And lending down fome young Sailors, to drive the
Weeds from the Ship, -and clear the Water, we
plainly law round heaps thereof to rife up from the
bottom of the Sea, where, by founding, we could
find no bottom.

Jagged or Saw-leaved Sea Lentil .

\ . The Places and Times. The firft is found in
many places of the. Mediterranean and Adriatic k
Seasj as alfo in other Southern Seas. The lecond
is found in many places of the Atlantick Ocean to-
ward the South , in the Latitude and place afore-
mentioned, as alfo in feveral other parts of that.
Sea. They are to be found, by Report of Sailors,
all the Year long, their Growth and Caufe of Ap-
pearance being the fame.

The Virtues .

VI. They are as yet unknown : but Ac of a fays,
That if this Plant is pickled with Salt and Vinegar,
it will have the fame Talte as Sampirc has, and
may be ufed inftead thereof; and is alfo eaten by
fuch as fail initead of Capers. Aco(la caufed it to
be given, when it was frefh taken forth of the Sea,
to Goats which they carried in the Ship, and they
fed upon it greedily : He confdfes himlelf ignorant
of its Qualities : but one of the Sailors, troubled
with a Difficulty of making Water, by reafon of

Gravel

-L— - -i..— •

Chap. 429. Englijh Herbs,

Gravel or Sand and grofs Humors, eat thereof by
chance, both raw and boiled, only for that the
T^lte thereof pleafed him : after a few Days he
told me, that he found great Good by the eating
thereof, and he took fome of it. with him, that l'o
he might ufe it when he came afbore.

CHAP. CCCCXXIX.

Of L E.O P A R. D S--B A N E;

0 R,

Round-leaved WOLFS -BANE.

1 C~tf HE Arnes. It is called in Greek , ’A*!*™,
Hof ’ by piofeariiet, becaufe the

Heibufed to kill Leopards, Wolves, and other like
Creatures very Ipeedily. It is alfo called »8°oS je
•^orruptio, P ettemtm, Mors ; and (a„od

genital, bi/s fa-mine} fexus ammahum , eoiem
1“ mJer‘“ wortem) as Theophrajlus, lib. 9. cap. 9.
has named and deferibed it ; in Latine it is called
lima and Aeon, turn Pardaliancbes, alfo Tbe/ypbo-
non rbcepbr.fi. Gefncr and others take it to be

\lS™ucTrP/'"u T tk I7’ "f- ,0- which he &ys

is an Herb fo called by the Gauls , wherewith they
do make a Medicine, to dip their Arrow-heads in
when they Hunt Wild Bealls, and which they alfo
call Cetvana. Gcfner fays, that fome called it
becaufe the Leaves were round, like to a
full Moon ; but he himfclf called it Thera Venena-
ta, and. Toxtcum Valdcnfum. Label calls it Phtho-
ra Valienfium ; and C/«/fr« makes it to be fie/i/w;-
culus grumofa radjee tertius : in Englijh, Leopards-
bane, or Round-leaved Wold-bane.

v-."; V,e f'dt- Authors make two or three
Kinds hereof, vis. I. Aconitum Pardaliancbes, feu
Thera minor The leffer Leopards-bane. 2. Aconi-
tum Pardaliancbes , Jwe Thera major , The greater
Leopards-bane. Aconitum Pardaliancbes cotn-
mentttmm Mattbtoh, Matthiolus his fained Leo-
pards-bane.

fome, of five round pointed Leaves, with. a fmall
greenilh Head in the middle, which when the Flow
er is fallen grows to be a fmall Head, confining of
Ppull Seeds fet together, like unto the Hiads
of leveral forts of Ranunculi or Crowfeet,

SttUll Leopards-bane .

HL The Defcriptions. The firft, or Small Leo-
pards-bane, has a Root which is compofed of Seven
eight or ten fmall, long, round, very white, fining
Roots fomewhat uneven, as it were branched out
hie Knots or Jo, nts w feveral places, plainly to be
difeerned m fome, but ,n others not, being plain and

banned fI"S'naj!nalllm™re, and III of them

f til I Hrad themf' hke unro AfPbodil Roots,
of tl.e moft poyfonotts Quality, which has been found
in any other l egetable. It is a fmall low Hefb ri-
ling up with a fmall, (lender, round Stalk, little
more than half a Foot high, bearing about the mid-
dle thereof but one fmall ltiff or hard Leaf for the
Part; ^t fometimes two or three, one above
another, and fomenmes two together, which are
ouiid, and fomethmg like the Leaf of Afarum, but

fun6 oFTf°“th’ rnd -a blew'01 §reen Color' and
rhi I ^elns> fometIllnS unevenly dented about
the edges, not compaffing the Stalk, but Handing

of fhi sfw ■ irYup°n fhort Foot-ftalks. The top

Branch! al,k‘Sn°ftecntl^S dlVlded int0 tw0 OT three
Branches with a fmall narrow Leaf at the Joint

nT/m°0td p?le ydlow Flower ™ the top
thereof, fomewhat like to thofe of Cinkfoil or Five-
leaved Grafs, confifting in many of four, and in

IV. The Second, or Greater Leopards-bane. Its
Root is much like the former and it is in all thine $
like unto the Lefler before deferibed , but that it is
^eateifand rifes up higher , having larger Leaves,
and finely dented about the edges , and two or three
handing together about the middle of the Stalk,
lome fmaller than others, and fometimes one above
another, and fome fmall long and narrow ones at
the Joints, branched forth into two or three parts
or more, bearing every one of them its fmall yellow
blower, like to the former, with like Seed contain-
ed therein. Thefe two forts differ chiefiy in the
Magnitude of the Plants, and that this latter bears
more Leaves than the former ; which Parkinfoit
thinks may rather be attributed to the Fertility ot'
Sterility ot the Soil wherein they grow, than to a-

anothcr"^ SpedeS’ they beinS p° very like one

V. The third, or Matthiolus his fained Leopards-
)an,c' r a R-00t which conftjis of many Knots
and Joints, like unto a Scorpion’s Tail in the Came
manner as Matthiolus has fet forth in his Figure
It nfesup early in the Year, if the Spring be mild,
with us Stalk, before any of the lower Leaves ap-
pear as the Coltsfoot and Butter-bur do, having
four fmall, round, hairy Leaves upon the Stalk fet
by couples atddtances. The Flowers are many
growing in 1 a Tuft or round Head together at the
top thereof ot a pale yellow Color, with many
yellownh Threads in the middle. When the Flow-
ers are pair, then come up the Leaves, which are
four for the molt part, and are almoft round, hairy
and green on the upper fide, and of a hoary White

full'ofTman W thr°’ ^ 3nd.

VI. Nora,

6\6 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

Matthiolus hisfained Leopards-bane.

VI. A 'oia. Matthiolus indeed, defirons to exprefs
this laft defcribed Plant with fome near Refemblance
to Diofcorides his Defcription of Aconitum Pardali-
anches , has fet it forth with four round rough
Leaves, and one long crooked Root, bunched out
in divers places, like unto the Tail of a Scorpion,
which Figure bred a great Contention between Gef-
ne r and him •, Gefner laying to his Charge, that he
had but fuined it, and that there was no fuch Herb
in re rum nature 1, becaufe it was made fo artificial-
ly, and wanted Fibres, which almoft all other Roots
have, by which they draw Nourifhment out of the
Earth. Matthiolus, in his Defence, allcdges, That
Dentaria, which we call Lung-wort , has no Fibres,
being a Root confifting only of Scales, as it were
let together ^ and that the other Root, called Don-
tar ia Bulb lj era, which the Germans call Sanicula
alba,, is without Fibres alfo : but Dalechampius,
whom molt Authors call' Lugdunenjts, in his great
Herbal Printed at Lyons, defends Matthiolus his Sin-
cerity, and gives' the lame Figure, with a Stalk of
Leaves and Flowers added to it, and withal the for-
mer Defcription. This he faith he faw with his
own Eyes and that an Apothecary of Trevers had
divers Plants thereof growing in his own Garden,
and abiding many Years, from whom he obtained
the whole Plant to fet forth, to end the Controver-
iy between two fuch worthy Men. And yet fome
other Authors, as alfo Bauhinus and Pabius Columna,
in his Minus Cognitarium Stirpium, pag. 44. do
much fufpeff even this of Dalechampius or Lugdu-
nenfis to be counterfeit alfo. Others will have it to
be the Doronicum braohiata radicc, which has round
Leaves, and fuch a like Root : but the Matter is
yet in Controverfy. The Figure is .from Dalechampius.

VII. The Places. Thefe poyfonous Plants do
grow on the Alps and the Mountains of Savoy and
Switzerland. The fecond grows plentifully in the
Country of the Valdens, who inhabit part of thofe
Mountains towards Italy, called XJnderflamen and
F.ngroma, from whence came the Sirname Valdenfis.
The fiift on Mount Baldus, a Mountain of Italy, as

alfo in fhadowy places, on the Snowy Hills in Sa-
voy, near unto Mura, and on the top of Jura.
where there is fcarcely any Crult of Earth for the
Roots to grow in : both which are now nuifed up
in our Englijh Gardens. The third Dalechampius
fays grows on the Alps of Savoy , nor far from the
chief Monaftery of the Carthitfians, in a rough
rocky place, which they call Lcs JEJcheles, i. e. the
Ladder , becaufe the way of the Rock is cut out in-
to Steps, to get up unto the top thereof

VIII. The Times. The fiift and fecond, Gerard
fays, flower in March and April, and that their Seed
is ripe in June : but Parkinfon fays they flower in
June and July , which are the Spring Months of
the Alps , and’ that their Seed is ripe in Augufl.

IX. The Qualities. Leopards-bane is hot and
dry in the Ultimate of the fourth Degree. It is
reported by all Authors to be a deadly Poyfon, and
that the Natives of the place where it grows, do
very much ufe it to Poyfon their Arrow-heads, the
more fpeedily and fatally to deftroy Wild Beafts,
which greatly infeft thofe Mountains of the Alps :

1 for which Purpofe it is alfo brought into their Mart-
Towns near thofe places, to be fold' unto the Hunt-
ers •, the Juice of which is prepared by prelfing
forth, and fo kept in Horns for ready life, being
the moft vehement Poyfon of all Vegetables : for an
Arrow-head touched therewith , leaves the Wound
incurable, (if it but fo pierces the Skin as to fetch
Blood ) unlefs that round about the Wound the
Flelh be fpeedily cut away in good Quantity. This
Plant may therefore be well accounted the firft and
chief of all the Aconites or IVolJ-banes , by reafbn
of its deleterious and poyfonous Qualities aforefaid ;
and without doubt there is no worfe, nor any more
fpeedy Vegetable Venom in the World, nor any 0-
ther Aconite or Toxicum comparable hereunto. It
is reported, that if any Beaft or Man be wounded
with an Arrow, Dart, or other Inftrument poyfoned
with the Juice hereof that remedylefs they will die
in half an Hour after. Gefner in Libro de Lunariis
fays, that if Man or Beaft be wounded with Sword,
Dart, or Arrow, touched with thb Juice hereof,
that the Malignity fo loon piefees inwardly, that it
prefently kills, by congealing all the Blood, unlefs
the Flefh round about be inftantly cut away, as
aforefaid : and yet (which is admirable) he fays,
that the Flefh of that Beaft fo killed, is not dange-
rous or hurtful to any who lhall eat thereof. Pliny
faith, that being given to Filh in a Bait, it kills
them prefently, which Ihews, fays he, that this
Poyfon is an Enemy to the Blood. It is faid to be
fo pernicious, that if it is but held in the Hand for
fome little time, that it will almoft take away the
Senfes : and alfo that onefmelling thereto, after he
had gathered it, fell down as Dead, and with fome
Difficulty was recovered again.

The Virtues.

X. Diofcorides fays, That being mixed with o-
ther Medicines for the Eyes, it gives Eafe in their
Pains. And Theovhraftus, and Pliny after him, fay,
that it is a Remedy againft the Scorpion, .being ta-
ken in warmed Wine : but that it deftroys Nature,
if it finds not an Enemy in Nature to conteft withal,
and deftroy : but if it finds fuch an Enenfy, that
then it fpends it Strength and Force upon that, to
overcome it, and fo frees Nature from the Danger.
Thus Pliny. All the other Preparations and Virtues
of Leopards-bane are the fame with iftlmet -flower
or Monks-bood , and the Cure of the Poyfon of this,
the fame with that ^ of which we have at large-
treated in Chap. 353. aforegoing in this Book : fo
that we need lpeak no more thereof in. this place.

Chap. ^30. ‘Englijh H&rhs. 617

But however, after all that we have faid of the Vir-
tues of thefe deleterious or poyfonous Plants, it is
in my Opinion,' much better to let them wholly a-
lone, than to run any Hazard in making ufe of
them, by reafon of their. dangerous Qualities , be-
etles, many times the Folly and Ignorance of fuch
as may adventure the making of fuch dubious Try-
als forafmuch as there are other Herbs and Plants
enough, proper for all fuch Purpofes and Intents,
and poffibly more effeaual for the Cure of the fame
Difeafes, which are free from any ill Effefls, of
what kind loever ; and by reafon of their innocent
Properties, may be falely adventured upon by fuch
as but very indifferently underftand Phyfick.

CHAP. CCCCXXX.

Of LETTICE Garden.

I Nantes. It is called of the Arabians,

X Chas, and Cherbas : in Greek , 0ef&5, T hri-
d"* > Pythagoriornm : in Latins, LaBuca ,

• LaBts copia ; and in Ehglijh , Lettice.

II. T be Kinds. There are two principal Kinds,
viz. 1 . ©eftaf LaBuca hortenfis , vcl Saliva ,
Garden Lettice. 2. QuSab, dyuct, LaBuca Jylveflris
Wild Lettice, of which in the Chapter following.

Common Lettice, which does not Cabbage.

III. The Garden Kinds. .Authors make many
Kinds of this Lettice -, but we fhall content our
felves with the chief of them, which are the fol-
lowing, viz. 1. LaBuca communis , Our common
Lettice, which does not Cabbage or Head. 2. La-
Buca Capitata, LaBuca fejjilis, called by Pliny, La-
Buca Laconica , Cabbage Lettice. 3. LaBucaCrifpa
P/inij, LaBuca Cectiliani ColumetU , Curled ot

Crumpled Lettice. a.. LaBuca Roman. 1 Petri Crc-
fentij, Roman Lettice. , . ] .aBuca Beigica , Flan-
dets Lettice. 6. LaBuca Lypria Columella, Red
Lettice. ~j. LaBuca Hyemalis, Our Winter Lettice.
8. LaBuca Virginians , Virginia Lettice. 9. LaBu-
-ca Sabaudica , Savoy’s, or Savoy Lettice. 1 o. LaBu-
ca Vcnetice, Venice Lettice.

IV. The Defcriptions. The firji, or Common
Lettice, which does not Cabbage. It has a Root
which isfomewhat long and white, with white fibres
adjoining , which pcrijhets immediately after Seed-
time. It rifes up with feveral Leaves, full of a
milky Juice, of a light green Color, fmootli, and
little or nothing dented on the edges, broad, and
fomewhat long withal, and ending in a lharp Point,
almolt round in lome of them. From among the
middle of thefe Leaves comes forth a round Stalk
( in fome greater, in others lefier, according to the
Kind, and atfo the Goodnefs of the Ground) full
of Leaves, like unto the lower, bur much leg, nar-
rower alfo, and ~ (harper pointed. This Stalk to-
wards the top, branches it felf forth into fevetal
parts, on which grow feveral fmall Star-like Flow-
ers, of a pale yello.wilh Colot ; after which comes
Seed, either whitifh or blackilh,. according as the
PJiint yields ; at which hangs fome lrnall matter of
a Cottony Down, with which the whole Head is
ftored, and which is carried away with the Wind
if not gathered in time.

Cabbage Littlice.

V. The fecond, or Cabbage Lettice. This has a
Root like the former, and Springs up in like manner,
wuh f lam fmooth Leaves, which after a timeclofes
it ieir, and becomes a kind of Cabbage Head, and
hard , after which, from the middle thereof, (brings
up a Stalk, which for Subftance, Branching our,
Flowering and Seeding, is like the former, but bears
black Seed,

K k k k Cabbage

6i8 Salmon *s Herbal. Lib. I.

Cabbage Lettice.

o

XI. The eighth,or Virginian Lettice. It is of the
Single Kind, and hast very broad reddifh Leaves,
which by good Husbandry and Tranfplanting, mav
be very much improved, and be made an excellent
Lettice. It bears black Seed.

VI. The third, or Curled or Crifped Lettice. It

has a Root like the former, ani it has great ani large
Leaves, deeply cut or gafht on both flies, not flam
or /month, as the former, but intricately curled, and
cut into many parts. The Flowers are fmall, or a
bleak Color, the which do turn into Down, which
is carried away with the Wind. The Seed is like
the former, fave that it fometimes becomes black.
There is a lefler fort of this Cur/ei Kind, which has
many Leaves, hackt and torn in pieces, very conlu-
fedly., and withal curled in fuch an admirable lort,
that every great Leaf feems to be made of many
fmall Leaves, fet upon one middle Rib, refembling
a Fan of curled Feathers, which Gentlewomen have
fometimes ufed. The Roots, Flowers and Seeds a-
gree with the former. .

VII. The fourth, or Roman Lettice. It is three-
fold, i. The green Roman, w bick'tspf eoiark greetr
Color, growing ‘as low as mof ‘Kinds :• it is an excel-
lent fort of Lettice, and bears black Seed. t. The
white Roman Lettice. It has long Leaves, like to a
Teafil, and is in Goodnefs next unto the Red, but
muit be whited, that it may eat kindly : the Seed
hereof is white. 3. The Red Roman Lettice. This
is the bell and the greatelf of all the reft. John
Tradefcant was the felt which brought it into Eng-
land, and fowed it ; and he faid, that after one of
them had been bound and whited, after the Refufe
was cut away, the reft weighed feventeen Ounces.
This has black Seed.

VIII. The fifth, or Flanders Lettice. This is a
fort of Curled Lettice, which does Cabbage, and is
called Flanders Croppers. This grows loweft, and
has the lowed Head, hut it is very hard and round,
and white whilft it grows ; and bears black Seed.

IX. The fixth, or Red Lettice. It is a large Let-
tice, with larger Leaves , of a red or reidijh Color,
and an excellent fort of Salletting : it grows up
ivith a fmooth Stalk, and has Branches, Flowers,
Seed, and Down, like other Lettices.

x! The feventh, or Our Winter Lettice. It is a
very hardy Riant, and able to endure our Cold •, but
it is Angle, and mull be fown at Michaelmas, but
will be very good before any other of the mote ex-
cellent forts, fown in the Spring, will be ready to be
ufed. It bears white Seed.

Lettice

Lettice Savoij Sommer ,

XII. The ninth, or Savoy’s, or Savoy Lettice.
It hat. W J Urge Leaves, which Spread them/elves

lit) Ml

Chap. 43 i. UngUjh Herbs, 619

upon the Ground ; at the iirft coming up, broad,
cut or gaflit about the edges, crifping or curling
lightly this or that way, like in fome meafure to the
Leaves of Garden Endive , with Stalks, Flowers and
Seeds; like the former, as well in form as yielding
that milky Juice, with which they do all abound.
Of thele Lett ices fome are open, with vety curled
Leaves, of a green Color ; and fome of a yellow
or yellowilli green Color. Others are Headed or
Cabbaged, and fometimes grow fo large, even to
referable a fmall Cabbage, of a yellow or yellowilh
green Color. This Lettice is feldom eaten raw,
but is for the moll part boiled like a Cabbage , and
makes indeed the bell boiled Sailer.

XIII. The tenth , or Venice Lettice. It is an ex-
cellent Cabbage Lettice, and is beft to be town at
the latter end of June, or beginning of July : it grows
fometimes to be cut large at the Crown of a Man’s
Hat : it rifes to a moderate Height , and the Seed is
white. There is another fort which does a little
Cabbage, and the Seed is white : and another lort
which does not Cabbage, but is loofe ; this has ma-
ny great Leaves fpread upon the Ground, like unto
thole of Garden Endive , but Idler ; it rifes up to
be about three Feet high ; its Flowers are yellow-
ilh, which turning into Down, fly away with the
Wind, and its Seed is white as Snow. Thefe two
laft fome call Luinbard Lettices.

XIV. How to gather the Seed, that it may be good.
Mark out thofe Plants which you intend (hall run
up for Seed, which let be the bell and moll flou-
rifhing ; and after they have begun to Ihoot forth
Stalks, ftrip away the lower Leaves for two or three
Hands breadth above the Ground ; for thereby, in
taking away the lowefl Leaves, the Stalk (hall not
rot, nor the Seed be hindered from ripening.

XV. The IP. iy and Manner of IVhitening Lettice,
to make it eat the more tender. It is done two
ways. The one is by tailing up Earth like Mole-
Hills round about the Plants, while they are grow-
ing, which ud'fl make them grow white. The o-
ther is, by tying up all the looie Leaves round about
together while it grows ; for fo the dole-growing
thereof will make it white, and be thereby the more
tender and pleafant.

XVI. The Places. The feveral Names tell you
whence they came to us ; but here are now nurfed
up in many of our Gardens. Pallaiius fays, that
Lettice delights to grow in manured, fat, moill and
dunged Ground, and in places where there is plenty
of Water : and Columella fays it profpers beft, if it
is fown very thin.

XVII. The Times. Palladitts lays, that it is
certain that Lettice may be fown at any time of the
Year, but efpecially at Spring time, and afterwards
till Summer is nigh lpent ; and after that again as
foon as Winter is done : however, it ought to be
fown in fair Weather.

XVIII. The Qualities. Lettice is cold and moilt
in the fecond Degree : Anodyne, Digeltive, Emol-
lient, Relaxive, and Galefilogenetick.

XIX. The Specification. It allays Inflammations,
gives Eafe in the Strangury, induces Sleep, and re-
preffes Bodily Lull.

XX. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, I. A Juice. 2. An Ejfence. 3. An Oil or
Ointment. 4. A Cataplafm. f A dijiil/ed Water.

6 A Sallet. 7. The Seed.

quenches Thirlf, cools the inward Heat of Fevers'-
abates Inflammations of the Lungs, cools the Heat
of Urine, and reprefles Bodily Lull. Mixed with
a little Camphir diffolved in Oil of Ben , and a litdd
V megar being alio added, and applied by anointing
or bathing to the Cods, it eafes Pain, ami abates
an Inflammation in thole Parts, abates Lull and re-
prelfes Venereal Dreams, which caule Notiurnal
Pollutions.

XXII. The EJJence. It has all t'ne Virtues of the
Juice, and is rather to be chofen to be adminiltred
to cold Conftitutions : it alfo induces Sleep and
Kelt, being taken at Bed-time in any convenient
Vehicle. The Eflence, as alfo the former Mixture
of the liquid Juice, being anointed or bathed upon
the Reins, cools any burning Heat there, and eafes
the Pain of the Back.

XXIII. The Oil or Ointment. It is made either
of the Juice or green Herb , by boiling them in Oil
Olive, Hogs Lard, or Mutton Suet, mixed with Oil.
Anointed on the Forehead and Temples, it eafes the
Head-ach proceeding from an hot Caufe, and pro-
cures Sleep and Reft. Anointed alfo on ocher Parts
which are Inflamed, or are full of Pain, it cools the
Part and gives Eafe.

XXIV. The Cataplafm. Applied to the Gout, it
eafes tire Pain ; and mixt with Camphir, and appli-
ed to the Region of the Heart, Liver, or Reins, it
reprefles their Heat and Inflammation, comforts and
ftrengthens thofe Parts, and allays the Heat of U-
rine. Applied to the Head in a vehement Head-ach,
it eafes the Pain, and gives great Relief; caufing the
Patient to reft and deep.

XXV. The dfiilled Water. It allays great In-
flammations, encreafes Milk in Nurfes, quenches
Thirlf, abates the burning Heat of Fevers, reprefles
Lult, takes away Nocturnal Pollutions, and has all
the other Virtues of the Juice and Eflence, but mull
be taken in a much larger quantity, as from two
Ounces to four or fix, a little dulcified with double-
refined Sugar.

XXVI. The Sallet. The beft is that which is
made of the Cabbage Lettice , and is generally eaten
raw, with Vinegar, Salr, Onions, or Pepper, and
good Oil. Galen adviles Old Men to ule it with
Spices ; and where Spices are wanting, to add Mmti
Rocket , CreJJes, Tarragon , and fuch like hot Herbs,
as Correctives thereof. It is very grateful to the
Stomach, comforts and ftrengthens it, and caufes a
good Appetite. Some make a Sallet of Lettices by
boiling them : fo eaten, they are agreeable enough,
are cooling and grateful to the Stomach, help Di*
geftion, cleanfe the Stomach, and loofen the Belly;
and this Galen fays he found by Experience ; for "by
moiftening the Belly, it becomes the more flippery.
This boiled Sallet is faid to be fooner digefted, and
to nourifh more. It eafes all the griping Pains of
the Stomach or Belly which come from Choller.

XXVII. The Seed. It is laid to have all the
Virtues of the Herb, being given in Ponder from a
Dram to a Dram and half, in anv proper Vehicle,
Morning and Night.

CHAP. CCCCXXXI.

TJ)e Virtues.

Of LETTICE Wild.

XXI. T he liquid Juice. Inwardly taken from
one Spoonful to two or more, ( according to Age
and other Accidents) it breeds Milk in Nurfes,

I ' I ' H E frames. It is called in Greek, SilnAa,
J- Thridacine , and iyua by Dwfcorides :
in Latine , Lr.iiuca agreftis, LaUuea Sylvejiris Eu-
Kkkka nusbu ft

620 Salmon ‘s Herbal. Lib. I.

nuchion FJinij , lib. 19. c^p.8. and it is called, Lattu-
ca, a Latteo fucco : in tjnglijh, Wild Lett ice.

II. The Kinds. It is the lecond generick Species
of Lettice, and. has the three following Varieties,
viz. 1. Lettuce fylvefiris , Endivia foliis odore viro-
fo - Lettuce fylvefiris majo/ odore Opij Gerardi •,
Endivia major Tragi, which he alio calls, Lattuca
Jylvejiris altera -, Lattuca fylvefiris fcarioldt bort en-
ds folio , Lattuca flore Opij odore vehement i Sopo-
rifero Virofn •, Lugduncnfis lets it down for La-
ttuca jylvejiris vera Dalecbampij , and in the 1 4th
Chapter of the fame Book calls it Thejion Dalecham-
pij\ of which Plinyi out of Tbeopbrajlus, makes
mention. Lattuca jylvejiris Ang/ica odore Opt /,
Broad-leaved Wild Lettice. 2. Lattuca fylvefiris
laciniata -, Lattuca fylvefiris Matthioli , Euchftj , Do-
don.ci , Gsfalpini , Lbalij & aliorum , Endivia Vulga-
ris Tragi ( becaufe that generally in all the German
Appthecaries-Shops it was fo accounted and ufed)
Sens dome fed lattucina Diefcoridis -, Scarriola Bri-
ef Go Ji, Jagged-leaved Wild Lettice. 3. Lattuca
fyiittfris /'ore purpureo Gefneri in hortis ■, alfo
Sonchus arbor efee ns puniceo /lore, ' Kha-

li j • . So/icb//s Mont an us purpureus , mwepnnrov Co-
lumn a •, Sonchus icrtius Tabernsmontani , Lattuca
Montana pur pare car idea major Baubini , (his minor
heing the Lampfana Auflriaca of Tarkinfon ) Wild
Lettice with purple flowers.

111. Khef/fl., or Broad -leaved Wild Lettice. It
i-a t a Root which is white , long, and woody, when it
boars Seed, iind perijhes prefcntly after. It riles up
with four cr five lomewhat long and large Leaves,
final let at the bottom, and broader at the ends, be-
ing round-pointed, unevenly dented about the edges,
but not cut in or torn at all, of a pale or whitifh
green Color, and very like unto the Garden Lettice,
ves, lb that it will icon de-
ceive one that never fuw it before, which do fo a-
blde the firft Winter after the Sowing, whether in
the Spring or Autumn, of the Ihed Seed : but in
.May following it begins to rife up to a Stalk, and
then thofe lower Leaves will have the middle Rib
on the backlide grown full of lmall lharp Prickles.
The Stalk fas riled jo be.-fometimes' leyen or eight
Feet high at leaft, and as big as the Thumb'of any
Mans Hand at the lower Joint -, fomething brown,
and fpreading it felf into leveral very long Branches,
on which grow large Leaves, like the others, but
more crumpled, the lower,, and fo to the middle of

the Stalk, let with Prickles in the manner of -the
bottom Leaves, but ldfer and higher, and fome-
thing jagged or divided on the edges, all and every
part yielding plenty of a Milk Juice and Clammy,
being broken, which fthells Itrong, and very like un-
to Opium, being of a bitter Talte. The Flowers
are very lmall and lingle, fomething like unto Lat-
tice, but fmaller, and of a paler yellow, lcarcely
opening themlelves, and hardly abiding half a Dav
open, but turn into Down, with fmall black Seed,
very like unto Black Lettice Seed, and is carried a
way with the Wind.

IV. The fecond , or Jagged-leaved Wild Lettice.
It has a Root which abides after the Seeding- time,
when as the other does not. This Wild Lettice
grows like the lalt, but not fo high or great : the
firlt Leaves are of a greyer green Color, fmaller and
narrower than the other, which fo abide, and after-
wards has Prickles growing on its backlide, as the
other has. Thofe which iollow, are much more
jagged than the others, and let with lharp Prickles
alfo, and^ being broken, yields Milk as plentifully
as the former, and as bitter as it •, and fmells alfo
as itrongly of Loppy or Opium. The Flowers and
Seed are like it too, and fly like wile away with the
Wind.

V. The third, or Wild Lettice with purple Flow-
ers. It has a Root which is thick fet with A odes in
fever al places , not growing downwards, but fpread-
ing forwards, and having long Eibres fhooting from
h, which perifk not. It is a great Plant, and riles
up fometimes (in moift Ground) to be fix, feven or
eight Feet high, but ulually three, four or five Feet,
with a Itrong great 'Stalk, let on each fide with
Leaves, fmallelt at the bottom, and larger as they
.rife up higher, being largeft about the middle of
;the Sralk, and then grow fmaller again up ro rhe
;top all of them unevenly waved about the edges,
and encompalhng rhe Sralk at rhe bottom ; of a
dark, blewifh green Color, on the upper fide, and
greyilh underneath, yielding a Milky Juice when it

is

Chap, ^ 2. ‘EngUJh fferbs. 621

is broken. The blowers ltand upon fmall long
Stalks, coming forth from the Joints, with th?
Leaves from the middle upwards, with many Flow-
ers on them ; confiftmg of four dark purple-colored
Leaves, with divers Threads in the middle, tipt
reach a yellow Dull, and a three-forked Stile in the
nndlt, which Hands in long purplilh green Husks,
lunging down their Heads, and rum into Down
with lmooth greyifh Seed among ir, which flies a-
way with the Wind.

LI. The Places. The two firft grow in feveral
places of England , as well as beyond Sea : the firft

f!ylle-B0RdeiS 0t; Flelds-' aRd ^ Hedges and Lane
Tides ill Buckinghamshire and Cambridgefhire. The
fccond on the Bank-hde by the Foot-way going from
Grays -Inn Tane to Bradford-Bridge or Pancndge-
Qiurch, and in many other places. The third is
found upon Mountains and Mills in divers parts of
Germany, aaGefner, Tha/ius. , and others fay : alfo
about Aa pies, as Columns : I have alfo been told

an, ,Jh Gentlemin> and a good Herbarilf,

hl/wb fbn“u\grlai TrfeUer in many parrs of
Lngland. , that lie had found it growing upon feveral
Mountains and Hills in Wales, and in fome other
parts ot the Kingdom.

VII. The Times. They come up in the Spring,
and fometimes fooner * and they all flower about
fa yank AuguJ] , and their Seed ripens in the mean
Sealon, and is blown away whilft it is in Flower,
2 inn young Buds of Flowers upon it.

\ III. The Qualities. Wild Lettice is cold in the
end ol the fecond Degree, and moill in the end of
the hrlt. It has nearly the fame Properties of Cool-
ing which the Garden Kind has : hut the Bitternels
ot this makes it the more Aperitive ; and yet it is
more iomniterous than the manured forts, and comes
UP’ a? lc ls thought by fome, almolt to the Degree
of Op,,,,,! r but this Opinion I can never affent to
iny hxjrerience having proved the contrary.

IX. The Specification. Some Authors are ofO-

pimon alfo, th£t it may be ufed, inftead of the
Gardw for any of the Intentions or Purpofes for
winch that is ufed. However, it is laid to be a pe-
culiar thing againft Dropfies, to provoke the Terms,
and to refilt the Poyfon of the Spider, Pha/angium,
Scorpion, 8cc. * ’

X. The Preparations. You may make all the

lame Preparations^ from this as from the Manured
but rhcie are particularly taken notice of viz. 1
4 2. A Milky Juice infpijjated. 3.

A Dceofion. 4. 4 difii/led Water. 5. A Ponder
oj the Seed. 6. A Cataplafm. .

The Virtues.

Xi. The liquid. Juice. Given inwardly to one
Spoonful, more or lefs, according to Age and other
Accidents, in Syrup ot Violets, Clme-gillifloners
VVme or other proper Vehicle, at Bed-time, it cau-
les Kelt and Sleep, eafes Internal Pains of the Bow-
els, opens Obftruaions of Liver, Spleen, Reins
Bowels and Womb, provokes the Terms, expels
watery Humors out of the Body, prevails againft
the Droply, and refills Poyfon, chiefly the Stinging
of Scorpions, the Biting of the Pha/angium, of Mad
Dogs and ol other Venomous Creatures. Out-
wardly applied, or bathed upon any place pained
over-ftramed or inflamed, it eafes the Pain, abates
™ mmmmation, and lengthens the Part grie-

itfpiMi It may be in-
lpiliated either tn the Sun or in a Sand Furnace. If
it is given from one Dram to two or more, accord-
mg to the Judgment of the Phyfician, diffolved in

diltilled Vinegar, it is laid to evacuate Water in
Dropfies, to provoke Womens Courfes, and refilt
Poyfon, and has indeed all the Virtues of the liquid
Juice aforegoing. This Juice, diffolved in White
Port Wine, or White Lisbon, and a little Honey
mint therewith, being dropt into the F.yes, it does
wonderfully ltrengthen the Sight, and dears them
from Mills, Clouds, Films or -Skins growing over
them, and removes any thing which obfulcates the
Sight.

XIII. The DecoSion. It may be made in Wine
or Water. It has the Virtues of the liquid and in-
jpiffared Juice ; but as it is mgch weaker, fo the
Dofe mull be niuch- larger, as from three Ounces to
four, five or fix } and it is alfo the oftner to be re-
peated, as Morning ind Night at leall.

XIV. The difiilled Water of the whole Herb. It
is lingular good to quench Thirft in any Burning or
Peltilential Fever : and this it will do more effeffu-
ally, if a few Drops of Oil of Sulphur, or Vitriol,
or Spirit of Salt, is diopt into it, and very well
mixt therewith. ThisWater may be given fromfour
Ounces to eight Ounces: if you pleafe, you may
Iweeetn it with a little double-refined Sugar.

XV. The Ponder of ihe Seed. It has the Virtues
of the Juice and DecoEUon, but it cools not fo
powerfully. It is very grateful to a hot Stomach,
troubled with Heart-burnings and Vapors afcending
irom the Womb. If it is given at Night from half
a Dram to a Dram in the diftilled Water, or in any
other Vehicle, it caufes Reft, and induces Sleep
and therefore is profitable for fuch as are fubjeft to
much Watching.

XVI. The Cataplafm. It is made of the green
Herb beaten in a Mortar, and brought to a Confid-
ence either with Barly-flower, or Crumbs of Bar/y
or Wheaten Bread. Applied to Inflammations in
their beginning, it abates their Heat, and difcuffes
them. Applied immediately upon a Ample Contu-
hon, where the Skin is not broken, it hinders the
Aggregation of Humors, abates the Swelling, and
cures it : being applied to the Head in a Megrim,
or other Head-ach, it prelently gives Eafe of the
Pain, mote efpecially if it proceeds from a hot
Caufe. Applied .to Parts pained with the Gout,
whether Hands, Arms, Knees or Feer, it prelently
gives Erie to the Pain, and difcuffes the Tumor ;
and being ttontimled for fome time, does cure it’
provided Univerlals and other proper Internals be
uled in the mean time. Applied to the Forehead
and Temples in a Frenzy, it abates the Symptoms,
and reftores in a great mealure the Patient to his
Senfes again.

CHAP, ccccxxxir.
Of L I G U S T I c K,

O R,

Baftard L O V A G E

I. np HE Names. It is called In Greek by Du
-L conies, layout . by Galen, AiCvarJy ■ t
kJnS, ftS f0™ Liguria the Country whe

the belt of it and the mott.ltore of it grew, at
there they call it, Sier Montano i in Latine, it
called, Ligufttcum, and libuflicum, as Matthwh,
Lugdunenjis, Lajlor Dur antes , and others have it
Siler Montanum, as Tragus, Label, Dodon.ua ar

6 22 Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. I.

Clufms have it : formerly in Shops, Sefelios, , but j
fallely for the true ScJ'cli or Hurt wort is another
Plant, as we have declared Chap. 343. aloregoing,
for it is like none of the Scfelies : Ser Mont an urn,
and Ser Peloponenfe , as Cfalpinus has it : Pliny
fays, that Cratccvas called it Cumin bubitla and
fome called it Panaces : we in Englifh call it L/-
gu flick, Libujlick , Siler Mountain , and Bajfard
Lovage.

II. The Kinds. There are two forts of this
Plant, viz. 1. L igujiicum vcrum • Ligujlicum lati-
folium Ligufticum commune Siler montanum vul-
go S if e lies, Ligujlicum ligurienjc •, The true Ligu-
ftick, or Ballard* Lovage. 2. Ligujlicum Aujl na-
utili j Siler Montanum Auffriacuut, Sikr Monta-
num A ngujl folium Ligullick, or Ballard Lovage

of Aullria.

L.igu flick Trite or Common.

The Defiriptionf.

III. The firft. or True Ligullick, or Ballard Lo-
v«ge. It hiu a Root which ps long , great , and whi-
tifh on the out fide, of a hot /harp Smell and Tafte ,
and abiding lerng in the Earth. This True Ligufiick
of Ligicria riles up with a round jointed Stalk, two
or three Feet high, bearing both at the bottom and
at the Joints, large, fpread, winged Leaves, divi-
ded into many fmall Leaves, whole fmall Foot-
Italks bear uiually two Leaves, and fometimes four,
fet one again!! another, and three always at the end,
each being much broader and (horter than Sow Fen-
nel Leaves, almtft ecjual to thofe of Me U lot, for
which Reafon it is called alfo Latijolium, or Broad-
leaved, relpecl being had to the Breadth of the
Leaves, of the next following. Thefe Leaves, if
they be a little rubbed, have a fweet Smell. The
Stalk fpreads at top into a few Branches, bearing
very large Umbels M white Flowers, and after
them, long, thick, full, brownilh, yellow Seed,
larger by half than Cumin Seed, two always joined
together • llriped on both fides, and winged with

yellow Ihining Wings at the edges, and of a quick?
fliarp, hot Smell and Talte.

IV. Tbefccond, or Auftiian Ligullick, or Ballard
Lovage. This differs not much from the former,
but that it is much lejjer , and comes not up to half
the Height thereof , being not above a Foot and half
high j whole Stalk is alfo divided towards the top
into Branches, which bear fmall Umbels of white
Flowers. It bears winged Leaves, (being but few )
which are compolbd of many other Stalks of Leaves,
growing not much unlike to the other, or like Sow
Fennel, two Leaves, and fometimes four or more,
fet one again!! another, and three generally at the
end. Thefe Leaves are much Ihorter than thofe of
the former, and alfo narrower, for which Realbn it
is called by fome Authors Angujf folium, or Nar-
row-leaved, refpeft being had to the Breadth of the
Leaves of that juft aforegoing. Thefe Leaves, as
they grow nearer the top, are yet more finely cur,
being narrower and lelfer.

Lignflicl ^ Anflrian.

V. The Places. The firft is found growing Wild
upon the Appenine Mountains or Hills in Liguria,
within the Dominions of Genoua. The iecond
grows upon the Hills in Aujlria ■, but with us they
both grow in Gardens, but do not often bear ripe
Seed, unlefs the Seafon be very kindly and warm.

VI. The Times. They flower from June to the
end of Auguji •, and the Seed is found to ripen in
the mean Seafon.

VII. The dualities. The Herb, Root and Seed
are hot and. dry In the third Degree. It is Aperi-
tive, Aftringent, Abfterlive, Carminative, Digeftive.
Diuretick, Cephalick, Neurotick, Stomatick, Ne-
phrltick, fi y fieri ck,* Emmenagogick, Sudorifick and
Alexipharmick.

VIII. The Specif cation. It expels Wind, eafes
the Colick, provokes Urine and the Terms, is good
again!! Poyfon and the Bi tings of VenomoUs
Beafts.

IX. The Preparations. You may prepare there-

from, I. A liquid Juice. 2. An t.JJcncc. 0. An
t bfujlcn

r

Ghap.. 433* ‘Englifb Herbs.

Infufion or Decoition. 4. A Fonder of Leaves or
Seed. 5. An infolated Oil. 6. A diftilled Water.
7. A Spirituous TinHure. 8. An Acid Tincture.
9. An Oily TinHure. 10. A Spirit, it. AnOil
diftilled. 1 2. An Elixir. 13. 4 Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

X. The liquid Juice. Taken in any proper Vehi-
cle, it gives Eafe in the Colick, expels Wind, pro-
vokes Urine and the Terms, and helps the Suffocati-
on of the Womb. Dofe two or three Spoonfuls or
more in the diftilled Water, or in Wine,' or any 0-
ther fit Vehicle.

XI. The E fence. It has all the Virtues of the
liquid Juice, but more powerful to all thole Inten-
tions : it is of a warming and digefting duality,
gives Eafe in the Gripings of the Guts, Pains of the
Stomach, and Swellings proceeding from Wind.
It prevails againft the Bitings of Mad Dogs, Vipers,
Rattle-Snakes, and other Venomous Creatures, and
fupprefles Vapors and Hyfterick Fits in Women-
kind. Dofe two Spoonfuls or more.

XII. The Infufion or Decottion of Herb , or Seed ,
or both. It has all the Properties, dualities and
Virtues of the Juice and Eflence, and may be given
from two Ounces to four,Morning,Noon and Night,
as occafion may require.

XIII. The Louder of the Seed. If it is taken
from half a Dram to a Dram, and half, (^according
to Age) in a Glafs of 'Wormwood- Wine,' Morning
and Evening, for fome few Days before the expe-
£led time, it produces the Terms in Women in great
abundance : it precipitates Vapors, and cures Hy-
fterick Fits, caufing the Womb to fettle in its right
place again. So drunk, it provokes Urine power-
fully, and eafes the Colick and Gripings of the
Guts proceeding from Groflnefs and Crudity of Hu-
mors : it ftrengthens the Stomach, and caufes a
good Appetite and Digeftion : it expels Wind, and
difeufles the Swelling of the Stomach.

XIV. The infolated Oil. It is made of the brui-
fed Seed , by Info lotion, or Coition , or Digejiion in a
Sand Heat ■, one Found of the bruifed Seed being
mixed with two Pounds of Oil of Ben , or choice Oil
Olive. It is Anodyne, and eafes Pains and Aches
proceeding from a cold Caufe. It eafes the Gout,
and ftrengthens the Nerves, Tendons, and Parts af-
flifled.

XV. The diftilled Water. It may be made cither
from the whole Plant , being green , or from the Seed,
according to the ufual manner. It has the fame
Virtues with the Juice, Eflence, Deco&ion and Seed,
but in a much lower Degree of Strength •, and
therefore is to be given in a much greater quantity :
however, it may well ferve as a Vehicle for to con-
vey down into the Stomach fome of the other Pre-
parations.

XVI. The Spirituous TinHure of the Seed. It
gives Eafe in Colick Pains, ftrengthens the Sto-
mach and other Bowels, expels Wind, and has all
the Virtues of the Juice, Eflence, Decoflion, and
Seed afore exprefled, but this warms and ftrengthens
more, and therefore is more profitable for cold Sto-
machs, and fuch as have a cold >Qpnftitution or Ha-
bit of Body. Dofe two or thi'e* Drams in the
Morning falling, in a Glafs of generous Wine.

XVII. The Acid TinHure of the Seed. It is good
againft Vomiting, reprefles Vapors and Fits of the
Mother, provokes the Terms and Urine, facilitates
the Birth, and brings away the After-birth. Dofe
fo many Drops in a Glals of Wine as to make it
pleafantly ftiarp.

XVIII. The Oily Tintlure of the Seed. It eafes
the Strangury after an admirable manner, provokes

Urine, and opens all Obftru&ions of the Urinary
Parts, ^ has all the Virtues of the Juice, Eflence, Pou-
der, Spirituous and Acid Tinflures, brings away
the Arter- birth, and gives Eafe in the After-pains,
tho’ never fo vehement. Dofe from ten to twenty
Drops in any proper Vehicle, Morning and Night,
or at any time of Extremity.

XIX. The Spirit of the Seed or Root. It is Cor-
dial, good againft fainting and fwooning Fits, Con-
vulfions, Sicknefs at Heart, Coldnefs of the Sto-
mach, want of Appetite, Wind in the Bowels, Co- •
lick, Pleurify, Pally, Lethargy, and the like cold
and moift Diftempers of the Head, Brain, Nerves
and Bowels. %Dofe two or three Drams in a Morn-
ing falling, alfo half an Hour before Dinner, or at
time of any Paroxyfm, either alone, (being dulci-
fied) or mixt in a Glafs of fome Stomacliick or
Cordial Wine.

XX. The Oil of the Seed by D: (l illation. It has.
all the Virtues of Juice, Fflence, Ti natures. Spirit,
and is very powerful againft the Pulfy, 1b that there
is lcarcely a better Vegetable Medicament in the
World : it is to be taken inwardly from eight
Drops to fixteen, Morning, Noon and Night ^ firffc
drop it into white Sugar, and mix it well with that,
and then mix it with a Draught of choice White
Lisbon , or other Slomatick Wine, and fo let the
Patient drink it. Outwardly you mull alfo anoint
it along the Back-bone, chiefly upon thole Vertebra,
from whence thofe Conjugations of Nerves proceed,
which replenilh the Parts afflifled ^ if all the Limbs
are affefled, then it will be neceflary to anoint the
whole Back-bone, from the very Nape of the Neck,
almoft to the Anus , which is to be done twice a
Day, and to be very well rubbed in, for almoft a
quarter of an Hour at a time •, and befldes the Spina
aorft j the Parts or Limbs afflicted are alfo to be a-
nointed therewith in like manner. This Oil is very
hot, and therefore fome tender Conllitutions may
not be able to bear it, being ijfed alone -. in this
Cafe, it will be neceflary to mix it with fome other
Chymical Oil lefs hot., which may be alfo penetra-
ting and efficacious to the fame Intention, as Oils
of Turpentine, cTAnifc , of Fennel, or SaJfafrafsfZ.L.

XXL The Elixir of the Seed. It is efficacious

to all the Purpofes afore-mentioned, but is not fo
llrong as the diftilled Oil -, ’but in Lethargies, Pui-
fies, Convulfions, Faintings, Swoonings, Sicknefs at
Heart, Colitks, Gripings of the Guts, Pleurilies,
Stitches, Hyltericks, Hypochondriacks, Strangury.
Vomiting, Weaknels of the Stomach, want of Ap-
etite and Digeftion, you may give it Morning and
'light, or in time of the Paroxyfm, from twenty to
fifty Drops, in a Glafs of Wine, or other fit Ve-
hicle.

XXII. The fataplafm of the Root. It is excellent
againft the Bitings of Mad Dogs, Vipers, Rattle-
Snakes, and other Venomous Creatures, being beat-
en raw in a Mortar, and applied warm to the Part
hurt: if it is made with equal parts of Garlick. it
will be fo much the more effectual.

6 2^

Salmon^ Herbal. Lib. I.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral generick Spe-

cies of Lillies, vis. i. K eivovxivKlv^ Lilium album ,
The White Lilly. 2. Kei-av Khu&v, Lilium lu-

teum & rubntm , The Yellow and Red Lilly : of which
inChap.434. 3. KeW oeivov^ Lilium Mont anion Mar-
tagon , The Mountain Lilly, or Marragon : of which
in Chap.43 5. 4. K eivov Cv£awvov, Kill tun Tttrcicumpoel
Byzantinum , TheTurky Lilly : of which in Chap.
436. 5. KeiW 57?f(T/x,o(', hi Hum Perjicum, The Persi-
an Lilly : of which in Chap 437. 6. K eW

Lilium Pracox, vcl Pomponeum , The Pomponian or
Early Lilly : of which in Chap. 43 8. 7. K einyCa-
iriM&ov , Lilium Imperial e. Corona Imperialism The
Imperial Lilly, or Crown Imperial : of which in
Chap. 439. 8. Lilium Americanum vcl Yloridia-

nun/m The American or Floridian Lilly : of which
in Chap. 440. 9. Lilium non bulbofum^

Liliaftrum, Liliafpbodelus, The Ballard or Day Lil-
ly : of which in Chap. 441. 10. K&nv 'iwS'&v aswc^

Lilium aquaticum album , The White Water Lilly :
of which in Chap. 442. 1 1 . Keivov ’iwJ'&v jtA«g#V, Li-

lium aquaticum luteum , The Yellow Water Lilly : of
which in Chap. 44?. T2. Ke*w -w ywayums z, tuv

ywayy.Huv^ Lilium Convalhunim Lilly of the Vallies :
of which in Chupyi.44. following.

III. The Kinds of the White Lilly. Authors have
taken notice of three feveral forts of this Plant, viz.
1. Lilium album vulgar r, Ro/a Junonis , The Com-
mon White Lilly. 2. Lilium album flore pleno , 1 lie
Double White Lilly. 3. Li hum album Byzantinum^
The Conftantinople White Lilly.

Common White Lilly.

The Descriptions.

IV. The firft , or Common White Lilly. It 1ms
a cloved fcaly Root , larger and yellower than any of
the Red Lillies. The Stalk is of a blackilh green
Color, tall, and rifes as high as mold of the Lillies,
having many fair, broad, and long green Leaves
thereon, larger and longer beneath, and fmaller up-
on the Stalk upwards : the Flowers are many or

few, according to the Age of the Plant, Fertility of
the Soil,1 and Time of Handing where it grows :
tha| Hand upon long green Foot [talks, <
white Color, with a long Pointel in the middle,
and white Chives,, tipt with yellow Pendents about
it. ^ The Smell is very pleafant and fweet.

V. The fccond , or Double White Lilly. It is in
all things like the before deferibed lyhite Lilly, lire
Homers only excepted , which in this are iJ'ual/y.fSve
or fix on one Stalk, and a/l of them con ft ant ly double,
confilting of many fmall, long, white Leaves, which
grow on their Foot-ltalks, one above another, form-
ing a double flower : their Leaves ate long, green
before they open, and afterwards turn white-,, but
unlefs the Seafon is very fair, they never ojitn at
all. This is efteemed for the Rarity of the double
Flowers, more than for any Beauty which is in
them.

VI. The third, or Confiunrinople White Lilly.
This other White Lilly differs but little from the

' fir ft of thefe, either in Root, Leaf or flower ; laving
only that this grows with a greater number of Flow-
ers than ever was leen in the Common White' Lilly :
the Stalk of this Lilly many times turns fiat, of the
Breadth of an Hand, bearing fometimes near two
hundred Flowers upon an Head ; but molt common-
ly it bears not above a dozen or twenty Flowers,,
which are fmaller than the ordinary, as the green
Leaves alfo are.

VII. The Places. They all grow in Gardens with
us : but the third was lent hither firft from Cort-
htantinople, and they ttourilh here as well as in the
places of their natural Growth.

V III. The Times. They flower in June and Ju-
ly ; but fhoot forth green Leaves in Autumn , which
abide green all the Winter, the Stalk fpiinging up
between the lower Leaves in the Spring.

IX. The Qualities. ’Tis the Roots of Lillies
which are chiefly ufed ; but both Roots and Flow-
ers are hot and moilf in the firft Degree, Emollient,
Suppurative, and Alexipharmick.

X. The Specification. It is of great Ufe to ripen
and digelt Tumors and break Apoltems, refills the
Plague or Peltilence, and prevails againft the
Dropfy.

XL The Preparations. You may have there-
from, t. A liquid Juice of the Root. 2. Bread made
with the Juice. 3. A Cataplajm of the Roots with
Honey. 4. A Cataplajm of the Roots with Henbane
Leaves. ;. A Cataplajm of the Roots rafted or boil-
ed. 6. A Decoition of the Leaves in Red Wine. 7.
A Cataplajm of the Leaves boiled. 8. An Oil of the
Plomers by Infolation. 9. A diftilled Water of the'
flowers.

The Virtues.

XII. The liquid Juice of the Root. If it is Ramp-
ed and ftrained out with Wine, ( for it is of too
(limy a Subftance of it felf) and given to drink for
fome few Days together, it expels the Poyfon and
Malignity of the Plague or Peltilence, and caufes it
to break forth into Blifters on the outward parts of
the Skin, as has been found by Experience.

XIII. The Bread made with the Juice. Take
Barly-f lower , and wit 1)^ Juice of White Lilly Roots,
make it into Pafte or Dough, of which make Cakes,
and bake them. The Bread ordinarily eaten (as Gf-
rard fays ) for fix Weeks or fome Months together
with Meat, ( abftaining from all other Meat the
mean while ) does cure the Dropty ; and that it
had cured many of that Difeafe.

XIV. The Cataplajm of the Roots with Honey.
The Roots being beaten in a Mortar with Honey,

and

V

Chap. 4 J 4- 'Emglijb Herbs.

625

avid, applied to firaple green Wounds, or Sinews
cut afunder, is faid to conglutirute them, or join
them together again. It cleanfes thole Ulcers of
the Head called Achores , or Scald-head, and the
Manginefs or Scabbinefs of the Beard and Face,
called Mentagra.

XV. The Cataplafm of the Roots with Henbane-
Leaves. It is made by flumping the Roots with
Henbane Leaves and Barley Flower. Being applied,
it cures Tumors and Apoltems of the privy Parts ■
it brings Hair again upon bald places, and places
which have been burned or fcalded, being mixt with
Bears Oil or Greafe, and fo applied to the place.

XII. T he Cataplafm of the Roots roofed, baited,
or boiled. The Roots fo prepared, are to be beaten’
into a Cataplafm with Crums of Rye-Bread, or
Hogs-Lard, or Oil of L/YA-Koots. Being applied
to any Pcftilential Bubo or Sore, it ripens and breaks
it : it alfo ripens and breaks other Tumors or Apo-
ftems in the Groin, or in other Parts, proceeding
from the Venereal Difeafe, or any other Caufe.

XVII. The DecoSion of the h eaves. Ir is made
by boiling them in Red Wine. If old running Sores,
or putrid Ulcers, be often walhed herewith, it
cleanfes and drys them, and induces a fpeedyCure.

XVIII. The Cataplafm ofV'o Leaves. It is made
of the former Leaves, boiled in Red Wine, asafore-
faid. Applied to rotten putrid Ulcers, or to Ul-
cers, or Wounds undigefted, it caules Digeftion,
cleanfes them from their Filth, and caules them
fuddenly to heal.

XIX. The Oil of the Flowers by Inflation or Boil-
ing. It is made with Oil Olive, or rather Oil of
Ben, which will not grow rank, by InfoCon in the
Sun, or in a boiling Balneo , or in a Sand Heat, re-
peating the InfoCon or Digeftion two, or three, or
more times. It is emollient, and fofrens the Hard-
nefs of the Nerves, and extends Sinews fhrirnk : it
alfo fofrens the Hardnefs of the Womb. You may
make an Oil alfo of the Roots, after the fame man-
ner, and for the fame Purpofes : it is good to bring
to Digeftion and Suppuration, Tumors and Apo-
ftems, and to foften hard Swellings.

XX. The dijii/led Water of the Flowers. Accord-
ing to Julius Alexandrinus , being drank from four
Ounces to eight, it caufes a fpeedy and eafy Deli-
very to Women in Labor, and expels the Secundine
and AfterJairth with much Facility, as Matthio/us
and Camernrius report. It is uled alfo outwardly
as a Cofmetick to cleanfe the Face and Skin, and
make them frefh, white and clear.

CHAP. CCCCXXXIV.
Of LILLY Yellow or Red.

I. 'T' H E Karnes. It is called in Greek , leln

X jcaȣ?V, x) uQ&v : in Latine , Lilium Luteum ,
vel Rubrum -, and in Enghjh, The 7e/loio , or Red ,
or Orange-tawney Lilly.

II. The Kinds. The folfowing Sorts offer them-
selves to our View. 1. Lilium Aureum, The Gold-
en, or Orange-tawney, Yellow or Red Lilly : This
is Lilium Aureum via jus Tabcrn.emontani , Hemero-
callis Matthioli ^ Alar t agon Cbymijlarum Lobehj ■,
and Porta thought it to be the Hyacinthus and 'Cop.
mofindalos of the Poets. 2. Lilium pumilum cruen-
tum •, Lilium purpurcum minus , The Dwarf Red
Lilly. 3. Lilium rubrum jlore multiplier. The
double-flowered Red Lilly. 4. Lilium majtts bul-

bferum , The greater bulbed Red Lilly, 7. Lilium
minus bulbifcrum , The Dwarf or lefler bulbed Red
Lilly. 6. Lilium cruentum bulbifcrum , A1 artagon
bulbiferum Cluftf The Fiery-red bulbed Lilly. 7,
Lducm cruentum Jlore plena. The Fiery-red double
Lilly nor bulbed.

Orange-tawney, Yellow or Red Lilly.

The Defcriftions.

III. The firfi , or Golden, or Orange-tawney, Yel-
low or Red Lilly. It has a Root which is white and
fcaly ■, it grows much higher than the next following
and nearly at high as the Common White Lilly, or
any other Lilly. The Leaves are fomewhat longer
and very much narrower, of a dark or lad green
Color : the Flowers are many and large, Handing
upright, as all thele Sorts of Red Lillies do, of a
paler red Color, tending to an Orange on the inftde,
with many black Spots and Lines on them, as in
the following, and more yellow on the outCde.
The Seed-Veifels are like unto the roundilli Heads
of other Lillies, and fo are the Seeds in them like-
wife.

IV- fecond, or Dwarf or low Red Lilly.
This has a fcaly Root , like unto other Lillies, but
white, and not yellow at all • and the Cloves or Scales
thicker , Jhorter , and fewer in number than in moll
other Lillies. The Stalk is feldom above half a
Yard high, unlefs it grows in extraordinary Ground
Anted to the Nature of the Plant * it is round and
green, fet confufedly with many fair and fhorr green
Leaves, on the top of which do Hand fometimes
ar>fw t lowers, and fometimes many, of a fair
purplifh red Color, and a little paLer in the middle,
every flower Handing upright, and not hanging
down : on the Leaves whereof, here and there, are
lome black Spots, Lines or Marks j and in the mid-
dle of the Flower, a long Pointel, with fome Chives
about it, as is in the reft of thefe Lillies.

* • The third , or Double-flowered Red Lilly.
This Kind is fometimes found to yield double f lowers,
as if all the fingle Elowers fhould grow into one , and
fo make it to confift of many Leaves, which not-
L 1 1 1 withftanding

6z6 Salmon j- Herbal. Lib. 1.

withttanding its fo continuing for feveral Years,
will yet upon Tranfplanting redire ad ingenium , viz.
quickly come or recurn to its old Form again.

VI. The fourth , or Greater bulbed Red Lilly.

It rifes up with a firong high Stalk , and n the mojl
common Kind of the Lillies bearing Bulbs. It has
many Leaves about the Stalk, but not of fo fad a
green Color as the following, or fome others. The
Flowers are of as pale reddifli yellow Color as any
of the following, and come nearelt to the Color of
the firit, or Gulden or Orange-tawncy Lilly. This
is more plentiful in Bulbs among the upperirioft
Leaves, than any of the others * as alfo in fhooting
forth Fibres or Strings, to encreafe the Roots under
Ground.

VII. The fifth , or Dwarf or LefTer bulbed Lilly.

It has a white bulbed fcaly Root , like other Lillies,
and bears Bulbs on its Stalk , tabid) rifes up J mall
and round , not much higher than the J'econd , or
Dwarf Lilly afore-defcribed , Jceming to be edged ,
an t having many Leaves thereon , of a Jad green Co-
lor, fel about it , thru]} clofe together. The green
Heads for Flowers have a kind of Woolinefs on
them, before the Flowers begin to open, and be-
tween thel'e FlSds of Flowers, as alio under them,
and among the uppermoit Leaves, appear lmall
Bulbs or Heads, which being ripe, if put into the
Ground, or if they fall of rhemfelves, will fhoot
forth Leaves, and bear Flowers, within two or three
Years, like the Maternal or Mother Riant -, and fo
will the Bulbs of that juft before-defcribed, and of
thefe other which immediately follow. The Flow-
ers of this Lilly are of a fair Gold-yellow Color,
lhadowed over with a fhew of Purple, but not fo
red as the firit, or the next to be defcribed. This
Lilly (hoots Strings under Ground, like as the lalt
Red Lilly will do 2lfo, at which will grow white
bulbed Roots, like the Roots of the Maternal or
Mother Riant , and fo thereby, in a fhort time, en-
creafes it leif.

VIII. The fixth , or Fiery-red bulbed Lilly. This
third Bulbed Lilly rifes up with its Stalk as high as
any of thefe Lillies, carrying many long and narrow
dark green Leaves about it, and at the top many
fair red Flowers, as large or larger than any of the
former, and of a deeper red Color, with Spots on
them likewife, having greater Bulbs growing about
the top of the Stalk, and among the Flowers, than
any elfe.

IX. Mr. Rea defcribes it thus : The Fiery-red
bulbed Lilly rifes up from a great fcaly Root , ( as
all the Lillies have) with a firong tall Stalk , Jet
with many firong dark green Leaves , and at the top
adorned with many large P lowers, each compofed of
fix broad thick Leaves, of a fiery-red Color at the
tops, and towards the bottoms of an Orange Color,
xvi to f mall black Specks, bearing among the blowers,
and Jong the Stalk, divers Bulbs, like little Roots,
which being Jet, in time, will bring forth blowers,
like unto thofe of the Original.

X. Lhe J eventb , or Fiery-red double Lilly not
bulbed. This Lilly is without Bulbs ■, and the chief
Difference thereof docs confifi in the blower, which
is compofed of many Leaves, as if many Flowers
went to make one, when it thus bearerh, which is
but accidental, as the former double Lilly is laid
to be.

XL Mr. Rea thus defcribes it : This Double Red
Lilly if like unto the former in Root, Stalk and
Leaves, but without Bulbs, not fo big, nor of fo dark
a green Color. It commonly bears many Orange-
colored Jingle blowers on one Stalk, with many f mall
brown Specks on the infides thereof, and fometimes
but one fair double blower, as if the Leaves of many
b'lozvers were itniicd in one, which altho' it be but

accidental, yet it happens in this Kind more fre-
quently than in any other Red Lilly *, for if you have
many Roots of this fort , you will always have fome.
double blowers , and many more in fome Tears than1
in others .

XII. The Places. The Native places of the
Growth of thefe Lillies, are on the Mountains, and
in the Vailies near them in Italy, as Matthiolus
fays, and in many Countries of Germany, as Au-
firia, Bohemia , Hungaria, Stiria, as Cl u ft us and o-
thers report-, and with us they grow almoft in all
Gardens, where they admirably thrive.

XIII. lhe Times. Thefe Red or Tellow Lillies
flower a little before the White Lillies, and fome-
times together with them ; but they flower for the
moll part in June •, but the fecond of them, or
Dwarf Red Lilly, is the earlieft of all the reft.

XIV. The Qualities. The Flowers of the Red
Lilly are hot in the firft Degree, and temperate in
refpeft toDrynefs orMoifture, of a thin and fubtil
Subftance. The Roots and Leaves are hot and dry
in the firft Degree, Difcuflive, Digeftive, and Ab-
Iterfive, Vulnerary, and Alexipharmick ^ and indeed
thefe Plants have almoft all the fame Qualities and
Virtues of the White Lilly , but not all out fo effi-
cacious or powerful.

XV. The Specification. The Red Lilly is a pecu-
liar thing for the Cure of Burnings, Scaldings, green
Wounds, and Wounds made by Venomous Beafts.

XVI. The Preparations. You may make there-
from all the fame Preparations which you make
from White Lillies but thefe following are ufual,
viz. I. A Cataplafm of the Leaves. 2. A boiled
Cataplafm of the Leaves. 3. A Cataplafm cf the
Root with Oil of Rofes. 4. A Cataplaf m of the Root
zoith Honey. 5. A Cataplafm of the Root with Vine -
gar and Henbane-Leaves. 6. A Cataplafm of the
Roots boiled in Wine. 7. A DecoUion of the Roots
in Wine or Honied-Water. 8. A Juice of the Roots
in Mead or Honied-Water.

The Virtues.

XVII. The Cataplafm of the Leaves. It is made
by bruifing them raw in a Mortar. Applied to
places bitten by Serpents or Mad Dogs, it is faid
to draw out the Venom and heal them. «

XVIII. The boiled Cataplafm of the Leaves. It
is made by boiling them in Vinegar. It is good a*
gainft Burnings and Scaldings, and to heal green
Wounds * alfo to cleanfc, dry, and heal old Ul-
cers.

XIX. The Cataplafm of the Root with Oil of Rofes.
It is made by roalting it in the Embers, and beating
it up with Oil of Rofes. Applied, it cures Burn-
ings and Scaldings, and foftens a Scirrhus , or Hard-
nefs of the Womb.

XX. The Cataplafm of the Root with Honey. It
is made of the roafted Root, beaten up with Honey.
It ilrengthens and confirms Parts out of Joint, or
Joints new Set, heals wounded Nerves, and takes
away Scurf, Morphew, Difcolorings, and other
Deformities of the Skin.

XXI. Tl)e Cataplafm with Vinegar. It is made

with the roafted Roof, (or raw, as fome ufe it)
beaten up with Vinegar, Henbane- Leaves, and
Crumbs of white Bread. Applied, it difcuffes and
cools hot Tumors of the Groin, Tefticles, Yard, and
Womb. »

XXII. The Cataplafm of the Roots boiled in Wine.
Being beaten up, and applied to Corns of the Feet
and Toes, it is laid to take them away in a few
Days time, renewing the Application Morning and
Night till the Cure is effected.

XXIII. T7;c

Chap. 43 5. ‘EngUjb Herbs. ~ 6ij

XXIII. The Decoffion of the Roots in Wine or | Leaves of the Flower • the ttntv n r •
Homed-Water. Being drank to fix, eight or ten green, but bro“' * IAeWlfe ,S n0t fi

I InnrPC nrrnrrlinrr \ no nn4 TL

■ 1 q viauijiy lu UA, Cl£,llL Ul LCII

Ounces, according to Age and other Circumlbnces,
it is laid to help the Bloody-tiux, and expel clotted
Blood oat of the Bowels.

XXI V. The Juice of the Root cxtrafied with Mead
or Honied-Water. It purges gently, eafes the Co-
lick, and cleanfes the Bowels of lliarp, acrid and
putrid Humors, and carries off the Morbifick Caufe
of a Bloody-flux.

CHAP. CCCCXXXV.

Of the LILLY Mountain,

0 R,

MARTAGON.

I I H E Watties. It is called in Greeks K dstv IJatv ;

-L in Latine , Lilium Montanum , and Marta-
gon : in Englijh, The Mountain Lilly, and Marta-
gon, alfo Martagon Lilly.

II. The Kinds. There are many forts of thefe
Martagons or Mountain Lillies , viz. i. Martagon
Jlore albo majus , Li Hum Montanum tttajus fiore albo ,
of fome Martagon Imperia/e flore albo , The great
white Martagon, or Great white Mountain Lilly.
1. Martagon fiore albo maculato. The white fpotted
Martagon, or Mountain Lilly. 3. Martagon fiore
Cameo, The Blulh or Flefh-colored Martagon, or
Mountain Lilly. 4. Lilium Montanum minus , Li-
lium Jylveftre minus , Hemerocallis Dodontci ’ The
leffer Mountain Lilly. ;. Martagon luteum pun-
Uatum, The yellow fpotted Martagon. 6. Marta-
gon luteum non maculatum , The yellow fpotlefs
Martagon. 7. Martagon luteum feminum , The
late-flowering yellow Martagon. 8. Li/ium Mon-
tanum non maculatum , The finall Mountain Lilly
not lpotted.

the Defcriptions.

III. ThefirJ ?, or Great white Martagon, or Great
white Mountain Lilly. The Root of this, as alfo
o) the two next which follow , are of a pure yellow
Color, the Cloves or Scales of them being brittle and
not clofely compaS , yet fo as if two, and Sometimes
three Scales or Cloves grew one upon the Head or
upper part of another 5 which Difference is a Special
JVote to know thefe three Kinds, from any other
Kind 0] Mountain Lilly, as in all old Roots are to
be Jeen , as alfo in thofe which are reafonably well
grown, which in young Roots is not yet Jo evident.
T“: *? ha?,lts Stalk and green Leaf greater than thofe
of the Martagon Imperial in Chap. 439. following
the Stalk is a little higher, but not bearing fo thick
a Head of Flowers, altho’ much more plentiful than
in the Leffer Mountain Lilly at Sell. 6. following ■
being altogether of a fine white Color, without any

TtS’ m,r ’S' t 7erL few’ and thofe but fometimes
alio. The Pendents in the middle of this Flower
aIe,?,oti.ed> as thf Martagon Imperial, but yellow.

IV. Ihe Second, or White fpotted Martagon or
Mountain Lilly Its Root is varioujly cloved , ’like
the former, as aforejfaid -, and the Riant it fe/f is
like unto it in all things, excepting in this, that the
£ r* leie0fare n°t, .together fo white, and be-
nd-S, tt has many reddifh Spots on the infide of the

V. The third, or Blulh or Flefh-colored Marta-
gon or Mountain Lilly. The Root of tins, as is
/aid, is like the fir fa and ,n all its other gai ts it is
iv thfi‘ifavmS.i tbat the Flowers of this are
wholly of a decayed or pale Flelh Color, with ma-
'rm P°its uPon rhem, and in this it only or chiefly -

differs from the former. y

t Pffy,1’' lht °r Leffer Mountain Lilly. This

Lilly IS Jo like in Root to the Martagon Imperial, or
Greater Mountain Lilly, in Chap. 439. following .
that it is difficult to dijhnguijh them afunder ; but
when tbis-is Sprung up out of the Earth, which is a-
bout a Month after the f aid Imperial, ft aid) bears
its Leaves in Rundles about the Stalk, altho’ not
altogether fo great and fo many. The Flowers are
more thickly let on the Stalks, one above another
with more diitance between each Flower, than the
former and are of a little deeper Flefit or Purple
Color, fpotted m the fame manner. The Buds or
Heads of F owers in fome of thefe,, before they are
blown, are hoary, white or hairy, whereas in others
there is no Hoarmefs at all; but. the Buds are
Imooth and purplifh ^ in other Particulars this dif-
fers not from the former.

r ThLe$h& or Sma11 Mountain Lilly not
lpotted. This differs not from the laj}, neither in
Hoots, Stalks, Leaves, Flowers, or manner of Grow-
Saving, that the Color of the Flower in this is
paler, and that it has no Spots upon it, or if it has
any, they are but very few.

VIII. The fifth, or Yellow lpotted Martagon. It
has a great fc.ly or cloved Root, and yellow, like un-
to all thefe forts of turning Lillies, from whence
lprtngs up a round green, ftrong Stalk, three Feet
high at lead, confuledly let with long, narrow
green Leaves white on the edges, up to the very
top thereof almoft, having feveral Flowers on the
Head, turning up again, as other Martagons do of
a famt yellowilh, or greeoiili yellow Color, with
many black Spots or Strakes about the middle of
the Leaf of every Flower, and a forked Pointel,
with hx Chives about it, tipt with reddifh Pendents
of a ftrong fweet Smell, very pleafant to fome, tho3
not to others who love not the belt Smells, if they

be ftrong and pungent. It bears a great plenty of
Seed in great Heads, like unto other Lillies, but
a little paler. ’

-ru^T>,e tjxtpi or Yellow fpotlefs Martagon.
This Plant, ,n its Root, Stalk, Leaves, Flowers, Seed,
and manner of its Growing , differs not from the Lil-
%‘f. defer, bed, excepting only that the Flowers
of this have no Spots at all upon any of their Leaves ■
in all things elfe it is exaaiy alike.

X’ Thfi/even'hi "• Late-flowering yellow Mar-
tagon. This is the third Yellow Martagon, which
,s a Species of the fifth Kind at Seft. 8. above ; but
there is no other Difference betwixt this and that
favmg only in its time of Flowering, which is not’
until July, and that its Color is of a deeper Yei-
low. . • r

?’■- V’f ikces- The firft, fecond; third, fourth,
and eighth Sorts have been found in feveral Coun-
tries of Germany, as Auftria, Hungary, Stiria, &c.
but are all made Denizons of our Gardens near
London, where they are now become Natives, and
nourilh as well here as in the places of theft natural
Growth. The fifth, fixth, and leventH, have been
round to grow on the Py renaan Mountains, as alfo
on Mountains in the Kingdom of Naples, from
whence they have been brought home to us, with
whom they thrive alfo very well.

XII, The Times . The firft. lecorid, third, fourth,

tin 2 m

628 Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. I.

and eight, flower about the latter end of June, tor
the molt parr, and flower fooner than the Mart agon
Imperial in Chap. 439. following, tho! that lprings
out of the Ground a Month before thefe at the lealt,
it being the more early up, yet never the nearer.
The fifth and fixth Telltm Martagons flower lome-
thing more early than the Red Martagom and
fometimes at the fame time with them. The le-
venth or Lute-flowering yellow, mart agon ^ flowers
a Month later or more, and is in Flower when the
Red Martagon of Conflantinople flowers, which IS

^ XlS' As to the Qualities, Specification , Prepara-
tions and Virtues of thefe, as alfo of thofe in the
five following Chapters, Authors have faid nothing
at all fo that we have not much to write concern-
ing them, as having had no Experience of them;
but if one may be allowed to judge of them, by the
ufual Criterions, then we mult allow them to be
much of the Nature and Quality of the m lire and
Orange Lillies before-defcribed, whofe Virtues in
their refpe£tive Chapters aforegoing are at large
laid down.

CHAP. CCCCXXXVI.

Of the L I L L Y Turky,

0 R,

Byzantine MARTAGON.

Names. It is called in Greek, K am

J. evCamw -. in Latine, Liliurn Turcicum, Li-
lium Byzantinum, Liliurn vel Martagon Conftantino-
pohtamm : in Englifh, The Turky Lilly.

II. The Kinds. There are no great Varieties of
this Plant ; yet as few as there are, Authors deliver
them confufedly, thefe following are the chief or
moll obferved, viz. i. Liliurn rubrum Byzantinum ,
Uemerocallis Chalcedonica, Martagon Conftantinopo- ,
litanum rubrum. The Red Turky Lilly, or Red
Martagon of Conflantinople. 1. Liliurn rubrum
Byzantinum maculatum , Martagon rubrum Conftan-
tinopolitanum maculatum , The Red fpotted Turky
Lilly, or Red fpotted Martagon of Conflantinople.
3. Liliurn Byzantinum flore purpureo fangmneo.
The purplilh fanguine colored Turky Lilly. 4. Li-
lian Byzantinum flore dilute rubente , The light Red
Turky or Byzantine Lilly. 5. Liliurn Byzantinum
niniatum Polyanthos, The Vermilion many-flowered
Turky or Byzantine Lilly. The Turks call thefe
Lillies, Zuffiniare or Zuffinare. 6. Martagon flore
fpaiiceo Bannonicum , The bright Red Martagon of
Hungary.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firft, or Red Turky Lilly, or Red Mar-
tagon of Conflantinople. It has a great, thick, yellow,
fcaly Root , which fends out early in the Spring,
before many other Lillies, a round brownijh
Stalk, befet with many fair green Leaves confufedly
thereon, but not fo broad as the Common White
Lilly ; upon the top of which Hands one, two, or
three, or more Flowers, which hang down then
Heads, and turn up their Leaves again, of an ex-
cellent Red Crimfon Color, and fometimes paler,
having a long Pointel in the middle, compaffed
with fix whitilh Chives, tipt with loofe yellow

I Pendents, of a pretty good Smell, but fomething
faint. After the Flowers, come Heads or Cods or
Seed, like to other Lillies, but greater. It is a fair
beautiful Flower, and was at firff very much efteem-
ed with us, and yet notwithftanding its Increule and
Plenty, deferves its Commendations ; for its being
fo common every where, and fo well known, does
not at all diminilh from its Excellency.

IV. The fecond, or Red-fpotted Turky Lilly, or
Red-fpotted Martagon of Conflantinople. This is
another of the former Kind, and grows fomething
greater and higher , with a larger Blower, and of a
deeper Color, fpotted with feveral black Spots or
Strakes and Lines, as are to be feen in the Mountain
Lillies, and in fome other Kinds, which is not fo in
the former but juft now defcribed, that having no
Ihew of Spots at all. This whole Plant is rare, and
of much more Beauty than the former.

V. The third, or Purplilh Sanguine-colored Tur-
ky Lilly. It has a large Lilly like Root, from which
arifes a Stalk a Foot and half or two Feet high, let
confufedly with Leaves, like the full above : the
Flowers alfo refemble thofe before defcribed in Sell.
3. but are ufually more in Number, and of a pur-
plilh Sanguine Color.

VI. The fourth, or Light Red Turky or Byzan-
tine Lilly. This is very like the laft in Root, Stalk,
Leaves, Flowers, and Seed, faving, that in the Co-
lor of the Flowers, thefe are of a lighter Red than
thofe firft defcribed in Sell. 3. aforegoing : the
Leaves and Stalks alfo, as Clufiws obferves, are of a
lighter green Color.

VII. The fifth, or Vermillion many-flowered
Turky or Byzantine Lilly. This is alfo a Variety of
the firft, but according to Clufius, the Difference is
in thefe things, that the Flowers grow equally from
the top of the Stalk, and the middle Flower rifes
higher than any of the reft, and fometimes confifts
of twelve Leaves, as it were a Twin, which thofe
who obferve it, will find.

VIII. The fixth , or Bright Red Martagon of
Hungary. T his feems to be a Species of the firft,
( tho ’ it may grow in Hungary) by reafon of theLike-
nefs both of Leaf and Flower thereunto. Its Root
is very like the fame, but the Leaves are fomething
larger, and more fperfedlv fet upon the Stalks, elfe
not much unlike. The Flowers bend down, and
turn up their Leaves again, but fomewhat larger,
and of a bright Red, tending to an Orange Color,
viz. fomewhat yellowifli, and not Crimfon, like
the other.

IX. The Places. The firft, fecond, third, fourth,
and fifth, grow naturally in Turky, ar or near Con-
liantinop/e, formerly called Byzantinum : the laft
on the Mountains or Hills of Hungary , but now
they are made free Denizons in our Enghjh Gar-
dens.

X. The Times. They generally flower in June ,
when other Lillies do, fome earlier, others later,
and continue flowering till the beginning of July.

XI. T heir Qualities, Specification, Preparations,
and Virtues, have not been obferved in any Author,
yet they all feem to be of the Nature and Properties
of the Common White and Red Lilly.

CHAP. CCCCXXXVII.
Of the LILLY Perfian.

I.'T 'HE Names, It is called by the Pcr/fc
JL Turks, or fome coming from thence,

Perfians or
Pens
naco.

Chap. 437° Engltjh ‘Herbs*

naco , or Pennacio , or Pennacbio Perfiano : in Greek,
Keii'ev mtenth : in Latine , Li/jum Perficum, Lilium
Sujianum, ( as coming from the City Sufa , or the
Province Sufiana, in Perfia : ) in Englijh , The Per-
sian Lilly.

II. The Kinds. It is a Angular Plant of its Kind,
but the fifth of the generick Species of Tillies.
Clujiits fays it was fent into the Low Countries under
the Name of Sufam Guil, for which Reafon he
thought it might come from Sufa , the chief City ot
Sufiana , in Perfia.

The Description.

III. Its Root is very like unto the Root of the
Crown Imperial defcribed m Chap. 177. aforegoing,
and loofmg its Pibres in like manner every Tear, ha-
ving a hole therein likewife, where the old Stalk
grew, but whiter, rounder, a little longer, fmaller ,
and not ftinking at all like it. From whence fprings
up a round, whitilh green Stalk, not much lower
than the Crown Imperial, but much fmaller, befet
from the bottom to the middle thereof, with many
long and narrow Leaves, of a whitilh or blewifh

freen Color, almoft like to the Leaf of a Tulip.

rom the middle upwards, to the top of the Stalk,
grow many Flowers, one above another, round a-
bour it, with Leaves at the foot of every one of
them, each whereof is pendulous, or hanging down
the Head, like unto the Crown Imperial , not turn-
ing up any of the Flowers again, but fmaller than in
any other Kind of Lilly, not altogether fo large as
the Flower of a E ritillaria, confiding of fix Leaves
a piece, of a dead or over-worn purplifli Color, ha-
ving in the midft a imall long Pointel, with feveral
Chives, having yellow Pendents adjoined to them.
After the Flowers are palt, ( which abide open for
a long time, and for the rtrod part dower by degrees,
the lowed fird, and fo upwards ) if the Weather is
feafonable and temperate, come forth Heads of Seed-
Veffels, fix-fquare, yet feeming to be but three-
fquare, by reafon of the Wings, very like to the
Heads of the Crown Imperial in Chap. 177. aforego-
ing, but fmaller, and (hotter -, in which are con-
tained fuch like flat Seed, but finaller alfo, and of
a darker Color.

IV. Kota. Gerard has this fhort Defcriptton
hereof. The Perfian Lilly has (fays he) for its Root,
a great white Bulb, differing in Shape front the other
Lillies, having one great Bulb , firm or folid , and
full of Juice, which commonly each Tear fets off or
increafes one other Bulb, ana fometimes more, which
the next Tear after is taken from the Mother-Root,
and fo brings forth fuch f lowers as the old Plant
did. From this Root rifes up a fat, thick, and
ftrait Stem, of two Cubits or three Feet high,
whereon is placed long narrow Leaves, of a green
Color, declining to Blewnefs, as do thofe of IVoad.
The Flowers grow along the naked part of the Stalk,
like little Bells, of an over-worn purple Color,
hanging down their Heads, every one having his
own Foot-dalk, which is about two Inches long ;
as alfo its Pedel or Clapper from the middle part
of the Flower : which being pad and withered,
there is not found any Seed at all, as in other
Plants, but it is increased by its Root.

V. The Places. It is faid to be fird brought from
Perfia to Conftantinople, and from thence fent to
us, by means of feveral Turky Merchants, or their
Faflors, which Dwelt and Traded there : but now
it is become a Native of England, and flourifhes as
well in our Gardens, as in the places where it fird
grew.

VI. The Times. It fprings out of the Ground
nearly a Month before the Crown Imperial, but does

not dower till the latter end of April, or beginning
of May. The Seed ( when it comes to Pertefftion,
which it does not often ) is not perfectly ripe till

J“>y-

V II. As to its Qualities, Nature or Virtues, &c.
of this Perfian Lilly , elleemed for its Rarenefs and
fine Figure it makes, there is nor any thing written
by any Author, only it is thought to participate of
the Qualities, OY. of the other Lillies.

CHAP. CCCCXXXVIII.

Of the LILLY Early,

0 R,

LILLY Poinpony.

I- ' I 'HE Names. It is called in Greek, KaVo

-I- r-fiysy ; in Latine, Lilium rubrum Pracox,
Lilium Pomponeum , Lilium rubrum Macedonicum ;
Martagon rubrum Pracox, Martagon Pomponeum ,
Mart agon rubrum Macedonicum : in Eng/ijh, The
Early Red Lilly ; Early Red Martagon Martagon
Pompony , and Early Red Macedonian Martagon.

II. The Kinds. Authors make four Kinds here-
of, viz. 1. Lilium rubrum Pracox angufiore folio
Clufij, Mart agon Pomponeum vel Macedonicum rubrum
anguftifolio, The narrow-leaved early Red Lilly, Nar-
row-leaved Red Pompony or Macedonian Martagon.
2. Lilium rubrum Pracox anguftifolio aliud Another
narrow-leaved Early Red Lilly, or Red Martagon
P ompony. 3 . Lilium rubrum Pracox /at iore folio Qu-
fiji Mart agon Pomponteum vel Macedonicum rubrum
latifolio , The broad-leaved Early Red Lilly, or
Broad-leaved Red Pomponean or Macedonian Mar-
tagon. 4. Lilium rubrum Pracox flore Phatniceo,
Martagon flare Phatniceo, The Lilly or Martagon of
Macedonia, with Golden-red Flowers.

The Defcriptions.

III. T hefirft, or Narrow-leaved Early Red Lilly,
or Narrow-leaved Red Pompony or Macedonian
Martagon. This rare Martagon has a fcaly Root,
.clofely comp all, with broader and thinner Scales than
others, growing in time very great , and of a more
deep yellow Color than in the former Martagon’s
from whence fprings up a round green Stalk in fome
Plants, and flat in others, growing to be two or three
Feel high, bearing a number of fnall , long , narrow ,
green Leaves, very like unto the Leaves of Pinks
but greener , fet very thick together, and without
Order, about the Stalk , up almoft unto the top , and
leffer by degrees upwards, where ft, md many Flowers,
according to the Age of the Plant , and its thriving
in the place where it grows : in thofe which are
young, but a few, and more fparfedly ; and in o-
thers, which are old, many more, and thicker fee ;
threefcore Flowers, yea, lourfcore and more have
been counted, growing thick together upon one
Plant , and an hundred Flowers upon another.
Thefe Flowers are of a pale or yellowilh red Color,
not of fo deep a Red as rhe Red Martagon of Con-
ftantinople in Cap. 436. Sell. 3. and 4. nor fully fo
large, yet of the fame fafhion, viz. every Flower
hanging down, and turning up his Leaves again.
This is not fo plentiful in bearing of Seed, as the
other Lillies ; but when it does, it differs not, but
in being lefs.

IV; Mil

6^0 Salmons 'Herbal. Lib. L

Fomfoman Lilly.

IV. Mr. Rta> in his flora. Cap. 6. thus defcribes
the former Plant. T be Martagon of Pompony has
a great yellowifh , brown , fca/y Root , from whence
fprings up a green Stalk , two or three Feet high ,
promifcuoujly thick Jet, with many /mail, ' long , green
Leaves , j/W? to the top , where ttand many Flow-
ers, in number according to the Age of the Plant :
for in fome which have hood long unremoved, I
have had fourfcore or an hundred Flowers upon one
Stalk, which are of a yellowifh Orange Color, with
fmali black Specks on the infide thereof, in fafhion
like to the Red Martagon of Confiantinople, but
final ler.

V. The frond, or Other narrow-leaved Early Red
Lilly, or Red Martagon Pompony. This differs
from the former only in two things, viz. i. That the
narrow Leaves are not fo thick fet upon the Stalk.
2. That when it flowers, it is a Fortnight later.
In other Particulars it differs not.

VI. The third , or Broad-leaved Early Red Lilly,
or Broad-leaved Red Pomponean or Macedonian
Martagon. This is Jo like to the former in Root ,
Stalk, flower , Seed, and manner of Growing, that
the Difference is fcarcely to be difeerned - but it
confifts chiefly in thefe two things : i. That the
Leaves of this are a little broader, and fhorter than
the former. 2. That it bears its Flowers a Fort-
night earlier than the firft. In the Color or Form

* of the Flower, there is no Difference to be difeern-
ed, nor yet in any other thing elfe.

V II. The fourth , or Lilly or Martagon of Mace-
donia, with Golden-red Flowers. This has come to
our Knowledge later than the former Kinds : its
Leaves are broader and fhorter than the laft, and
the Flowers of a paler red, tending to yellow, of
fome called a Golden-red Color.

VIII. The Places. The Knowledge of thefe Ear-
ly Martagons came firft to us from Italy, from
whence they were fent into the Low-Countries , and
into England but it feems by their Name, that
their original or native place lhould be upon the
Mountains in Macedonia : with us they grow only
mi Gardens.

IX. The Times. All thefe Lillies do fpring ve-
ry late out of the Ground, even as the fellow Mar -
t agon's do ^ but are fooner in Flower than any orhef.
They flower in the end of May, or beginning of
June, and that is a Mouth at leaft before thole of
Turky or Conftantinople, in Cap. 43 6. Seel 3. and 4.
aforegoing.

X. OJ t l:e Qual/t ics, A attires and Virtues of thefe.
Authors have alfo faid nothing • but doubtlefs they
are much of the Properties of our Common Lillies.

CHAP. CCCCXXXIX.

Of the LILLY Imperial.

I- Names. It is called in Greek, K dm

J- CturdMHtti ; in Latins, Lilium Imperial? : in
Englifh , 'The Imperial Lilly.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral Species of this
Plant, as, I. Corona Imperialis, called alfo Lilium-
Byzantinism-, the Turks call it Caua/e la/e, andT«-
fai, Toujai, Tuyfchiacbi, Turf, mi, and Turfinda
and Cluflus judges it to he the Uemerocallis Oiofco-
ridis, The Crown Imperial : of which we have
difeourfed at large in Chap. 177. aforegoing; but in
this Chapter we (hall give you another Defcripdon
thereof from Gerard. 2. Corona 1m per ui he flora
multiplici. The double Crown Imperial. 3. Corona
Imperialis flore luteo , The yellow Crown Imperial.
4. Corona Imperialis angufhfplia flore rubente. The
narrow-leaved Crown Imperial, with a reddilh
Flower. ;. Lilium Imperials , Martagon lmperiale
Lilium Montamm majus, ( becaufe it is the greateft
Mountain Lilly) and by fome, Lilium Sarajcnicum,
but not very fitly ; The Imperial Martagon. 6. Li -
Hum lmperiale non Maculatum , Martagon Lmperiale
flore non punttato. The Imperial fdartagon nor
fpotted.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firft, or Single Crown Imperial, has for
its Root a thick, firm and folid Bulb, covered with
a yellowifh f ilm or Skin ; from the which rifes up a
great, thick, fat Stalk, two Cubits high, in the bare
and naked part, of a dark, over-worn, dusky purple
Color. The Leaves grow confufedly about the Stalk,
encompaffing it round, in form of an Imperial
Crown, (from whence it took its Name) hanging
their Heads downwards, as ir were Bells : in Co-
lor, it is yellowifh • or to give you the true Color,
which by Words cannot otherwile be exprefled, if
you lay Sap-Berries in deep in fair Water, for the
fpace of two Hours, and mix a little Saffron in that
Infufion, and lay it upon Paper, it (hews the per-
feQ Color to Limn or Illuminate the Flower withal.
The back fide of the faid Flower is ftreaked with
purplifli Lines, whichdo greatly fet forth the Beau-
ty thereof. In the bottom of each of thefe Bells,
there is placed fix' Drops of mod clear, fhining’
fweet Water, "in Tafte like Sugar, refembling in
(hew, dear Orient Pearls ; the which Drops, if
you take away, there do immediately appear the
iike Drops ggain. Notwirhlfanding, ' if they mar
be buffered to Hand ftill in the Flower, according
to theit own Pofition, they will never fall away ;
no, if you ftrike the Plant till it is broken. Among
thefe Drops there Hands forth a Peltel, as alfo fun-
dry fmali Chives, tipt with fmali Pendents, like
thofe of yhe Lilly. Above the whole Rundle of

Flowers,

Flowers, there grows a Tuft of green Leaves, like
thole upon the Stalk, but imaller, After the Flow-
ers are faded, there follow Cods or Seed-Veflels,
fix-lqujre, wherein is contained Hat Seeds, tough
and limber, of the Color of Mace. The whole
Plant, as well Roots as Flowers, do fmell very like
a Fox. As the Plant grows old, fo does it wax
rich, bringing forth a Crown of Flowers among the
uppermoft green Leaves, which fome make a lecond
Kind, alrho’ in Truth they are but one and the felf
lame, which in time is thought to grow to a triple
Crown, which comes to pals from the Age of the
Root, and Fertility of the Soil. The Figure we
have thought good to fubjoin here.

Single Crown Imperial.

TV. Mr. Em, in his Flora, Cap. 7. gives this fol-
lowing Ihort Defcription thereof. It has a great
round Fcx-fcentcd Root , from whence f fringe up a
tall and Jirong Stalk , garnijhed from the Ground un-
to the middle thereof with many long fhining green
Leaves , from whence it is naked upwards , bearing
at the lop a Tujt of [mail green Leaves, and under
them eight or ten Flowers, according to the Age of
the Plant, hanging down round about the Stalk, in
Falhion like unto a Lilly , confifting of fix Leaves of
an Orange Color, yvich many Veins of a deeper Co-
lor on the back fides of the Flowers. Next the
Stalks every Leaf thereof has a Bunch or Eminence
of a fadder Orange Color than tfie reft of the Flow-
ers, and on the infide thofe Bunches, are filled with
fweet- tailed clear Drops of Water, like unto Pearls ;
each Flower having in the middle a Stile, compaf-
fed with fix white Chives, tipt with yellow Pen-
dents.

V. The fecond , or Double Crown Imperial. This
is of a late Dijcovcry, and in much more Efleem
jban the former *, and it is indeed a gallant Plant ,
and deferving EJicem , zdhicb in, fome meafure makes
■the other to be the lej's ' regarded . It chiefly differs

from it in the Flowers, which in this are conltantly
double, each Flower containing fifteen or fixteen
Leaves, whereas thofe of the other Common Kind
have but fix. The Leaves of thofe double Flowers
are narrower, with a Drop or Pearl at the Head of
each of them, of the fame Color withjhofe of the
Lommon Kind , and as many Flowers on one Stalk.
The Plant at firft coming up, is redder, and conti-
nues longer fo than the Ordinary •, the green Leaves
are of a darker Color, and the Tuft on the top a-
bove the Flowers, bigger, and confifting commonly
of more Leaves.

VI. The third, or Yellow Crown Imperial. It
in its Root , Stalk, Leaves, Flowers , Seed, and man -
ner of Growing, differs not from the firfi Commorf
Kind, but only in this, that the Flowers are of a fair
yellow Color. This is more rare than that with the
double Flowers.

VII. The fourth , or Narrow-leaved Crown Im-
perial with a reddifh Flower. This likewife in its
Root, Stalk , and manner of Growing, differs not
'from ike other Single Kinds ; but in this the Leaves
are much narrower, and the Flowers of a light Red,
or of a pale Ro/e Color.

Imperial Mart agon.

VIIIv The fifth , or Imperial Martagon. This
Imperial Lilly has a fcaly Root , like unto all the reft
of the Lillies, but of a paler yellow Color , clofely
compatt or Jet together , being fhort and Jmall often-
times in re/peH of the Great nefs of the Stem grow-
ing from it. This Root is very apt to increafe or
fet oft. , as it is called , whereby the Riant feldom
comes to fo great a Head of Rlowers , but nfes up
with many Stalks , and fo then bears the fewer
llowers. The Stalk is brownifh, and round at the
bottom, and fometimes flat from the middle up-
wards, three Feet high or more, befet at certain
diftances with Rundles or Circles of many broad
Leaves, larger and broader for the molt part than
any other of this Kind, and of a dark green Color :
it has two or three, and fometimes four, of thefe
Rundles or Circles of Leaves, and bare, without a-
ny Leaf between : but above, towards the tops of
the Stalks, it has here and there fome Leaves upon

1'

6^2 Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. L

3 —

it, but fmaller than any of the other Leaves. At
the topaof the Stalk come forth many Flowers,
fometimes three or four fcore, thick thruft, or con-
fufedly fet together, and not thin or lparfedly one
above another, as in the lelfer of this Kind or
Mountain Lilly , in Cap. 435. Sett. 6. It has been
fometimes alfo obferved in this Kind, that it has
born many Flowers at three feveral places of the
Stalk, one above another, which has made an ex-
cellent Shew ^ each Flower whereof is pendulous,
or hanging down, and each Leaf of the .'lower,
turning up again, being thick or flefhy, of a ^jne
delayed purple Color, fpotted with many blackil l
or brownifh Spots, of a very pleafant fweet Sme„,
which makes it the more acceptable. In the mid-
dle of the Flower hangs down a Stile or Pointel,
knobbed at the end with fix yellow Chives, tipt
with loofe Pendents, of an Orient Red or Vermilion
Color, which will eafily ftick like Duft upon any
thing that touches them. The Heads or Seed-\ ef-
fels are fmall and round, with fmall Edges, about
them, wherein is contained flat brown Seed, like as
in other Lillies , but lelfer.

IX. The fixth , or Imperial Martagon not fpotted.

This is a Species of the /aft Kind , which ps found hn
J'ome Gardens . It is in its Root, Stalk, Leaves,

Flowers, Seed, and Form of Growing, very like
that, but its Flowers are without any Spots : the
Leaves thereof and Stalk likewiie, are of a paler
Color j but otherwife not differing.

X. The P laces. The firft four were brought to

us without doubt out of Turky , and places near a-
bout Conftantinople ; but fome think them, efpeci-
ally the firlt, to be Natives #i’ Perfia. The two
laid come from feveral Countries of Germany , as
Auftria , Uitngaria. , Stiria , Tirol , &c. but now are
free Denizons of England , and Natives in our Gar-
dens.

XI. The Times. The firft four fpring out of the
Ground about the end oi' February or beginning of
March, and the Heads with the Seed are ripe in the
end of May or beginning of June. The two laft
flower about the latter end of June for the molt
part, and yet they fpring out of the Ground before
the other Martagon s or Mountain Lillies in Chap.
435. aforegoing.

XII. As to their Qualities, Natures, and Proper-
ties, Authors have laid nothing •, but by their Taftes
and other Criteria , they feem to have the Virtues
of Our Common White and Orange-tawny Lillies.

CHAP. CCCCXL.

The Virginian Lilly or Martagon, The American
Lilly or Martagon.

The Defcriptio??s.

III. The firft, cr Spotted Lilly or Martagon of
Canada. It has a fmall fcaly Root, with many long
fmall Fibres thereat, from whence rifes up a reafon-
able great Stalk{ almoft as high as any of the former
Kinds, bearing at three or four Diftances many long
and narrow green Leaves, but not fo many nor fo
broad as fome others, having divers Ribs in them *
from among the uppermoft Rundle of Leaves, break
forth four or five Flowers together, each one ftand-
ing on a long flender Foot-ftalk, being almoft as
large as a Red Lilly , but a little bending down-
wards, of a fair yellow Color, fpotted on the in-
fide with feveral blackifh purple Spots or Strakes,
having a middle Pointel and fix Chives, with Pen-
dents on them.

IV. Mr. Rea, in his Flora, deferibes it thus : The
Root of this Stranger is J mailer, and the Stalk lower
than any of the former Martagon’s : the green
Leaves grow on the Stalk in Rundle s j and the Stalk
bears four or five Flowers on long Foot-ftalks, in
Form like a Red Lilly, hanging down their Heads,
of a fair yellow' Color, with many black Spots on
the infide, a Pointel, and fix Chives tipt with red
Pendents.

V. The fecond, or Virginian Lilly or Martagon.
It has a clofe compared, round, fcaly , pale yellow
Root, from the fides whereof, more frequently than
the top, come forth the Stalks, about three Feet high,
fet with fmall, f harp-pointed , wbitifh green Leaves
in Rundles, bearing at the Head three, four, or more
fomething large Flowers, turning back like that of
Conftantmcple, of a Gold-yellow Color, With many
brown Spots about the bottoms of the Flowers,
with the Points or Ends of the Leaves that turn up,
of a Scarlet or Red Color, and without Spots. It
is a tender Plant, and muft be defended frorti Froft
in Winter. There is another of this Kind, which
bears more Flowers on a Stalk, and differs from the
former, in that thefe are of pale Colors, but fpot-
ted as the others are.

VI. The Places. The firft was brought into
France from Canada, and from thence to us. The
fecond was brought by fome of our Merchants and
Captains of Ships from fome of our Plantations in
Virginia.

VII. The Times. They flower about the end of
June, and the Cods of Seed come to Ripenefs to-
wards the end of July, or inAuguft.

VIII. The Qualities, Specification, Natures, Pro-
perties and Virtues, are unknown as to us ; fo that
no more can be faid of them.

Of the LILLY American or Floridian.

1. Tp* H E Names. This Plant being but of late

X Invention or Difcovery, can have no Greek
Name : but modern Authors call it in Laiine, Li- ■
hum Americanum, Lilium Indicum, and Lilium
Floridianum and in Englijh it is called, The Ame-
rican or Floridian Lilly.

II. The Kinds. Mr. Rea, in his Flora, Cap. 7.
gives us two feveral forts of the American Lilly,
viz. 1. Martagon Canadenfe maculatum, Lilium
Canadenfe punltatum, Lilium Floridianum macula-
turn, The fpotted Lilly, or Martagon of Canada.

2. Lilium Americanum, Martagon Americanum,
Martagon Virginianum, and Lilium Virginianum,

CHAP. CCCCXLI.

Of the LILLY Baftard,

0 R,

D A Y-L ILLY.

I. '“jp II E Names. It is^caljed in Greek,

JL by Theopbrafit/s, by Diofeorides,

ft by Galen ■, tiemerocalles by Pliny,
and hemerocalhs by others \ Lilium eft agrefte , quoi

Chap. 4^2. £ nglijh ‘Herbs.

633

O’ in bonis ferebant ad Coronamenta , vide Plin.
lib. 21. cap. Io. ill Latine it is called, Hemerocallis ,
and it is doubtlefs the true Plant which ought to
be called by that Name ; alio Lilium non bulbofum ,
Liliafpbodelus , Li/iagc , and Liliafirum : in Englifh ,
The Bn(lard Lilly , or Day Id/Ty.

II. The Kinds. Authors make mention but of

four forts of this LiV/y, viz. I . l.iliago Phtenicea ,
Liliafirum Phteniceum, Liliafpbodelus Phccniceus,
Lilium non bulbofum puniccum , Hemcrocalhs , ab
wipt dies , O pulchritude, a fibrin fugacitale,

quia urn tantum die pulchr'ttudinem fuam luetur ;
i. e. y?ar, ittro die vigens ; The Gold-red Baftard
Lilly, or Gold-red Day Lilly. 2. Liliafirum lutc-
um , Lilium non bulbofum luteum , Liliafpbodelus
Intern , The Yellow Baftard Lilly, or Yellow Day
Lilly. 5. Liliafphodelus flore albo , The Lilly Af-
phodil with a white Flower. 4. Liliafpbodelus fore
Carned , The Lilly Afphodil with a Blulh-colored
Flower.

The Defcriptions.

III. The fu jl , or Gold-red Baftard Lilly, or Gold-
red Day Lilly. It has for its Root many thick and
long knobbed Strings , ///’£' rwr/u foe Small yellow
Afphodil-Roa/r, A/rr fomewbat greater, running un-
der Ground in like fort , and J booting out young
heads round about. From this Root ipring up di-
vers broad and long frefti green Leaves, folded at
the firlt, as it were double, which after open and
remain a little hollow in the middle ; among which
rifes up a naked Stalk, three Feet high, bearing at
the top many Flowers, one not much diftant from
another, and flowering one after another, not ha-
ving commonly above one Flower blown open in a
Day, and that but for a Day, not lulling longer, |
but doling at Night, and not opening again, where-
upon it obtained the Englifh Name of Day Lilly, or
Lilly for a Day. Thefe Flowers are almolt as large
as the Flowers of the IVhite Lilly, and made after'
the fame falhion, hut of a fair Gold-red or Orange-
tawny Color. Seed is very feldom feen to follow)
thefe Flowers, for they feem the next Day after'
they have flowered, (except the Seafon is very fair
and dry) to be fo rotten, as if they had been laid
in Wet to rot them.

IV. Nota. Gerard fays, That this Plant brings
forth its Bud in the Morning, which at Noon is full
blown or fpread abroad, and the fame Day in the
Evening it Ihuts it felf ; and in a Ihort time after
becomes as rotten and ttinking as if it had been
trodden in a Dunghil a Month together, in foul and
rainy Weather ; which is the Caufe that the Seed
feldom follows, as in the other Kind, fcarcely ever
bringing forth any at all.

V. The fccond , or Yellow Baftard Lilly, or Yel-
low Day Lilly. It has a Root conjijling of many
Knobs or tuberous Buncbings' out, proceeding from
one Head, like tbofe of the White Afphodil or Peo-
ny. From this Root proceed long flaggy Leaves,
chamfered or channelled, hollow in the midft like
a Gutter ; among which rifes up a naked or bare
Stalk, about three Feet high, branched towards the
top, with feveral brittle Arms or Branches, on
which do grow many fair Flowers, like unto' thofe
of the Common White Lilly in Shape and Proporti-
on, and of d fliining yellow Color ; which being
paft, three-cornered Cods or Husks fucceed, full of
black Ihining Seed, like thofe of Peony.

VI. Mr. Rea, in his f lora , Cap. 14. fays That
this Yellow Day Lilly, or Lilly Afphodil,' rifes up
with many long fedgy Leaves , out of the middle of
which comes up a naked Stalk, bearing at the top
thereof four or five fmall Lilly- like yellow Flowers,

blowing one after another, liky the firft Gold-red
Day Lilly, but continuing many Days before they
fade. The Leaves die to the Ground before Winter,
and the Roots are many, long, yellow Strings, very
much increafing.

VII. The third, or Lilly Afphodil with white
Flowers. This Lilly is in all the parts thereof, as
Roots, Leaves, Stalk , Cods, Seed, and in its mannir
of Growing, like the former, faving, that the Leaves
are of a frelher green Color, and the Flowers of a
Snow white, like unto the Savoy Spidcrwort, but
that the Stalk is higher, and the Flowers larger.

VIII. The fourth, tv Lilly Afphodil with a Blulh
or Flefh colored Flower. This is very like to the
White in every of its parts , and in the manner of
its Growing : thegreateft Difference is in the Flow-
ers, which in this are of a fine bright Blufli or Flefh
Color.

IX. The Places. They are all of them of Ger-
man Production, and are found in many Gardens in
Germany ; from whence they have been brought in-
to our Gardens in England, where they thrive very
well, if the Earth or Soil is moift.

X. The Times. They all of. them flower about
the latter end of May, and almoft throughout all
June, as the Seafon proves.

X I . The Vitalities, Specif cation. Preparations and
Virtues of the Lilly Afphodil or Day Lilly, are faid
to be the fame with Our Common Afphodil, which
you may fee at large in Cap.^.SeS.q. ad 22. of the
lame Chapter aforegoing. Some make a Cataplafin
of them, and apply in the Cafes following.

XII. The Cqtaplafm. The Roots and Leaves beat-
en in a Mortar to a Pultice, and applied to hot
Swellings in Womens Breafts, in their Lying-in,
cools, difeufles and eafes the Pain : applied alio to
Inflammations of the Eyes, it cools and takes them
away. Applied to Burnings and Scaldings, it
draws forth the Fire, and heals them. If it Is made
into a Peflary with a little Honey and W00II, and
put up the Womb, it provokes the Terms, bringing
forth both Water and Blood.

CHAP. CCCCXLII.

Of LILLY Water White.

THE Karnes. This Plant is called in Greek,
Nvubaut ; in Latine , Kymphsa, quod loca a-
quofa amet , as Diofcorides faith ; it is alfo called
by Apulems , Mater Her cu! ana. Alga pa/ujiris. Pa-
paver paluftre, Clavt/s Veneris, Digitus Veneris ; and
Marcellas, an old Writer, faith, that it was called
Clave Hacuhs : in the Shops, Kenuphar. The A-
rabians call it, Kilafur , and Kiufar : and we in
Englifh , Water Lilly.

II. Ibe Kinds. There are two principal Kinds
“W/"’ 1 . thtutaU At™», Kymphaa alba. The

White Water Lilly. 2. Xvm-

pbua lutea. The Yellow Water Lilly : of which we
fhall fpeak in the next Chapter.

III. The Kinds of the White Water Lilly. Of
this there are two forts, viz. 1. Nymphxa alba ma-
jor, The greater White Water Lilly. 2. Kympbxa
alba minor. The leffer White Water Lilly. ?. To
thefe we may add a third, which is an Exotick,and
not to be found in our Country $ but I have been
told by a Gentleman well skilled in Botany , that he
M m m m had

'ST

Lejjer White H atcr Lilly.

The DefcriptionS.

IV. The fir ft, or Greater White Water Lilly, has
n great, thicks rowuL long, tuber pus Root. fpungy or
Icofe , and with many Knobs thereon, tike Eyes , and
whitifh within : from whence proceed very large and
very round , thick , dank , green J^afes^ lying upon
the mkee, (like aHto thoje of Lara fcgvptia, as Di-
ofcorides fays , and that very truly) Ji/Jlained by long
and thick Eoot-Jjalks : Irom the middle alio, and ci-
ther places of this Root, rife other the like thick
and great Stalks,, fuihining one large and white
Flower therein; green on the outfide, but exceed-
ing white on the infide, white as pure Snow, con-
lilting of feveral Rows' of long, and fomewhat thick
and narrow Leaves, finaller and thinner, the more
inward they grOvy, encompaifing a Head within,
with many yellow Threads or Thrums in the mid-
dle ^ where after they are palt, Ita^el round Poppy
like Heads, full of broad, oily, bitter, blackifli and
glittering Seed.

V. TbeJeconJ , 'or Lelfer White Water Lilly. It
has a flng'fe Root, iiitbfome few Fibres adjoined
thereto from whence rife up many long' round tool -
Jlalks of Leaves , which Leaves float alfo upon the
Water , as the other does y being fair, qj a light green
Color, broad, fmooth, f oft, -round, and Buckler-life in
form : and from the fame Root rife up alfo feveral
long, round, fmooth, fofr, lightifli green Stalks
( but lefter than thole of the Greater Lilly) of
Flowers, beating at their tops fine final! white

VI. Parkinfon fays, That this Lcfler "Water Lilly
differs not from the former, or Greater, but in the
Small nets both. of Root and Leaf, and in the. Single-
ttefs of the Flower, which conlifts but of five fmall
pointed Leaves, fpread open and laid abroad, ( as
you may fee by one of the Figures ) with yellow

Threads

The Virtues.

Chap. 442. Tinglijh Herbs

Threads in the middle, and fmall Heads, with fmall
Seed in them.

VII. The third or Great White Water Lilly of
/Egypt. It hat a Root in form not like any of the
former , hut fmall, round , and almofl Pm-fqfhioned. ,
of the Bignefs of a Hens Egg, black on the outftde ,
and yellotnijh within , with many fmall fibres there-
at ; the inner Subfiance is flejhy , firm and hard,
fomewhat facet and ajlringent withal, which when
it is boiled, or roafied under Embers , becomes as yel-
low as the folk of an Egg. The ./Egyptians famili-
arly eat it with Broth, and oftentimes raze, as well
as roafied. This Root fends up out of the Water
feveral fair broad Leaves, like thofe of the Greater
afore-defcribed , but that thefe are l'omewhat lefs,
more waved about the edges, and with more Veins
in them, lying on the Superficies of the Water, as
they do upon feveral Foot-ftalks alfo. The Flow-
ers are fair, large and double, that is, confifting of
many Rows of Leaves in like manner, inclofed in a
Husk, confining of tour Leaves, green on the out-
fide, and white within. The middle Leaves of the
Flowers are often, upon the firft opening, fomewhat
folded inwards at the ends, but growing to their
Perfection, they grow flrait forth ; all of them be-
ing white in the middle part, and yellowifh toward
the edges, of a fweet Violet like Smell : in the
middle of which, when they begin to decay, a fmall
Head riles up, which growing greater, becomes the
Seed-Veffel, not much unlike to the firft Greater a-
foregoing, and is as large as a good Medlar -, parted
on the infide into Cells longwife, containing round
Seed, like unto that of Co/eworts. This Herb lofes
both its Leaves and Stalks after Seed-time, efpeci-
ally upon the decay of the Water wherein it grew,
and in which it delights, and the Root abides all
the Year ; for which Reafon it may be accounted
among the Number of the Perennial Plants.

VIII. The Plkccs. The two firft are found grow-
ing with us throughout all England , in fenny and
watery Grounds, in great Pools, in large Ditches of
Water, and other Handing Waters, in flow running
Brooks and Rivers, efpecially near thofe Brooks
and Rivers fides, and fomecimes in their very mid-
dle, if the Water is not deep, and the Current foft
and fmooth. The third grows in JEgypt, as alfo in
florida , and other Southern Climes, agreeing with
the Latitudes of thofe Countries, or lying in the
fame Parallels.

IX. The Times. They commonly flower about
the end of May, or foon after in June -, and their
Seed is ripe in Augufi.

X. The iQua/ities. The Leaves and Flowers of
Water Lillies are cold and moift in the end of the
firft Degree ; but the Root and Seed are cold and
dry in the firft Degree. They are Aflringent, Cof-
metick, Repercuflive, Emphraftive, and Antifper-
matogenetick.

XI. The Specification. White Water Lilly cools

Inflammations, abates the Heat of Fevers, procures
Rett, flops Fluxes of Blood or Humors, whether of
Wounds or of the Belly ; cures the Heat of Urine,
helps in a Gonorrhoea, flops the Overflowing of
the Terms, and extinguifhes Venereal Heats and
Defires. >

XII. The Preparations. You may have there-
ftom, 1 . A liquid Juice of the flowers or Root. 2.
A Decoftion oj the Root. 3. ri. Syrup of the flowers
or Root, or of their Juice. 4. A Conferve of the
flowers. 5. A Pouder of the Seed. 6. An Oil of
the flowers. 7. An Ointment of the Root. 8. A
Cataplafm of Leaves or Roots. 9. AdiftiUedWater
of the flowers.

XIII. The liquid Juice of flowers or Root. That
of the Flowers is the finer Juice ■, but that of the
Root is the ftronger. It flops Fluxes of the Belly
and Womb, and the Overflowing of the Seed in No-
flurnal Pollutions. Prevails againft Spitting, Vo-
miting, or Pifling Blood, or the Bloody-flux : and
being constantly tiled for fome time inwardly, ir is
faid to extingtiifli the Seed, and thereby Liilt and
all Venereal Defires. It cools the Head and Brain,
is profitable in Frenfies, and helps the Diltempera-
ture of thofe Parts. And as it cools and binds, lo
it flops Catarrhs, and cutes a Gonorrhoea, or Run-
ning of the Reins, and is alfo profitable againft the
Whites in Women. Dofe one, two, or three Spoon-
fuls, mixt with a little Red Port Wine, according
to Age, Sex, and other Accidents, Morning and
Nighr.

XIV. The DecoHion of the- Root in Red Tort
U me. It has all the Virtues of the Juice, but not
full out fo powerful. It may be taken inwardly
from three to eight Ounces, Morning and Night.
It is peculiar againft Spitting and Pifling Blood, and
other Difeafes of the Reins and Bladder. If the
Decoction is made in Water, it helps againlt the
Strangury, powerfully refifts Lull, and abates hot
burning Fevers.

XV. The Syrup of the flowers or Root, or of their
Juices. It is good againft burning Fevers, and Ra-
vings in malign Fevers ; and indeed has all the Vir-
tues of the liquid Juice or DecoUion, but may he
given in double the quantity the Juice is given in.
It procures Reft, fettles the Brain, and Hops De-
fluxions of Humors upon Wounds, Ulcers, Fiftu-
la’s, We.

XVI. The Conferve of the flowers. It has the
Virtues of the Syrup, and may be given Morning
and Night againft Coughs, Catarrhs, Watchings,
Pinings, Wallings, and Confumptions, as alfo to
abate Lull. Dofe as much as a Cheftnut or Wall-
nut at a time, wafhing it down with a little of the
dillilled Water, fweetned with white Sugar.

XVII. The Pouder of the Seed. It has all the

Virtues of the Root, and may be given Morning
and Nighr, from half a Dram to a Dram and halt,
in any convenient Vehicle, as Conferve of Sloes, or
of Hips, Conferve of Barberries, or in Syrup of the
Juice of the Root, (V c. It is good againft Veneyeal
or Flelhly Defires, deltroys Lull, cools the Reins,
drys up the Seed, and hinders its Generation, there-
by caufing Chaftity in Man or Woman. Some give
it in Water-gruel or Mutton-Broth.

XVIII. The Oil of the flowers. It is made by
Infolation or Boiling, with a treble or fourfold Re-
petition, juft as we make Oil of Rofes, Sic. It is
profitable to cool Inflammations and hot Tumors,
as alfo the Inflammations of Wounds and Ulcers’
to eafe Pains and heal running Sores, it caufes Kelt
and quiet Sleep, repreffes Venerous Dreams and
Noflurnal Pollutions : anoint therewith the Temples
Forehead, Nolfrils, Reins of the Back, and Tcfli-
cles. Evening and Morning. It is good alfo againlt
black and blew Spots, Yellownefs of the Skin, Sun-
burnings, 0Y.

XIX. The Ointment of the Root. It is made by
boiling the bruifed Root in Tar till it is crifp,
ftraining it out, and repeating it three times more,
adding a little Oil Olive, if it is too thick. It is
good againft Scurff, Morphew, Tettars, Ringworms,
Serpigo, Mentagra, Scabbinefs, Leuce, Leproly, and
fuch other like Defedations of the Skin. It is faid
alfo to be a kind of Depilatory for taking off of
Hair : but of this I can fay nothing by Experi-
ence.

M m m m ?

XX. T be

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. L

XX. T he Cataplafm of Leaves or Roots. It is
made by beating in a Mortar. Laid upon a Wound,
it flops the Bleeding, and if it is burning or hot,
it abates the Inflammation : Laid upon the Region
of the Back, over the Reins, it gives Eafe in Pains
of the Back, takes away the Preternatural Heat
thereof, flops the involuntary flowing ol the Seed,
hinders Noaurnal Polutions, and abates Lull, being
repeated frefli three or four times in twenty four
Hours. It does the fame thing, being applied to
the Tefticles.

XXL The d filled Water of the Flowers. At
fuch times as the Flowers cannot be gotten, a Wa-
ter may be diftilled both from the Herb and Root.
It is very effectual againfl all the Difeafes afore-
mentioned, but it cannot have the Strength of the
Juice •, for which Reafon it is to be given in greater
quantities, as from three to fix Ounces, fweetned
with double-refined Sugar, and the oftner to be re-
peated, as three or fonr times a Day, as the Phyfi-
cian (hall fee fir. Outwardly applied, it cools all
forts of Inflammations, is good againfl Anthonies-
fire, eafes Pain proceeding from Heat, as Head-ach,
Megrim, Gout, i '1c. and is much commended a-
gainfl Lentils, Freckles, Sun-burning, Tanning, Vel-
io wnefs of the Face, black and blew Spots, Scurfi,
Morphew, or other Delcedations of the Skin, being
applied three or four times a Day or more : but it
will be much more powerful, if it is mixed in equal
quantities with the liquid Juice of the Root.

CHAP. CCCCXLIII.

Of LILLY Water Yellow.

I./”| ~^HE Names. It is called in Greek , N v^cua
X f : in Latinc , Kymphea lute a ,
and in Englijh , Tellow Water Lilly.

Greater Yellow Water Lilly.

II. The Kinds. There are three Species of the
Telloto Kind, viz. i. Nymphjea

lutea major , The greater Yellow Water Lilly. 2.

axed- «T7uv, Nympha lutea minor , The lefler
Yellow Water Lilly. 3. Nl{/«c tU ^av 5*1 Kym-

phxa lutea minima , The leaft Yellow Water Lilly.
or Yellow Water Lilly with a lefler Flower.

The Defcriptio/is.

Ill# T he firj ?, or Greater Yellow Water Lilly.
It has a Root which is great , thick and long , very
like unto the Root of //^'Greater White Water Lilly,
fet with certain Dents , not blackifh on the out fide,
but zohitjfh , and alfo white within , of a loofe or
fpongy SubJ} a nee, and fomewhat fweet in Tajie , as
is that alfo of the White Kind. This grows liko-
wife much like the Great White , with Leaves al-
mott as large as they, but fomewhat longer, and
handing on cornered Stalks : the Flowers alfo
which grow upon the tops of the crefted Stalks, are
not fo thick of Leaves as the White, but confifl only
of five large round or fliort Leaves, of a fliinning
yellow Color, with a round green Head in the mid’
die, compafled with yellow Threads * which Head,
when it is ripe, contains within it greater Seed than
thofe of the White, and more Alining ; but lefler
than Grains of Wheat.

Leffer Yellow Water Lilly .

IV. The fecond, or Lefler Yellow Water Lilly.
This has a large Head, but a fingle Root, with feme
few Fibres adjoining to it, creeping in the bottom of
the Water, and dijperfing it f elf far abroad : from
which rife up many long, round, fmooth and foft
Foot-ftalks, fome of which do bring forth at their
ends, fmall, fair, round, Buckler-like Leaves, like
to the former, but lefler, yet larger than thofe of
the Leffer White fort : on other fome of thofe
Foct-flalks, grow pretty Tufts of fmall yellow
Flowers, floating on the Waters as the others do,
but yet larger than the Flowers of the fmall IVhite
Water Lilly before deferibed.

V. Tim third, or Yellow Water Lilly with a lef-
fer Flower, zohich is faid to be the Lealt Water Lil-
ly

Chap. 444, TUngUJb Herb j

ly. This differs not much fromuhat left defcribei :
the Root in this abounds with tong Strings which
are firongly fafined in the Mud. The Leaves are
imaller than the former, and grow with a (harper
romt, and the Flowers are alio much lels than
tho/e ; lor which Reafon, and for Diftinftion fake,
it is called by fome, Nymphaa lute a minor florc
parvo.

p ^aace,s.' do a11 °F them grow in

Fools and Handing Waters, well watered broad
Ditches, drowned fenny Grounds, fides of (hallow
Rivers, and in RivoletS having a foft or almoft no
Stream, and in fucli other like places in molt parts

ill! Kln1f^om 5 “d indeed in mod places where
the White Water Lilly grows.

VII. The Times. They all flower commonly in
the two laft Weeks of May, or beginning of June
and m fome places hold on to the end of June ,
and their heed is ripe towards the latter end of
July, or beginning of Auguft, according as the Sea-
ions may prove.

VIII. The Q 'utilities , Specification, Preparations
and Virtues are the fame with rhofe of the White
Voter Lilly declared in the laft Chapter, which
having refpeft to, no more need be laid of them in
this place.

637

pen Mouths, nickt or cut into five or fix Notches,
running all downwards one way, or on one fide of
the Stalk, of a very ftrong fweet Smell, and com-
fortable to the Memory and Senfes ; which being
paft away, turn into fmall Berries, of a red Color
fomething like unto Afparcgvs, in which is con-
tained white hard Seed.

White Comsat Lilly.

CHAP. CCCCXLIV.

Of LILLY Convally,

0 R,

M A Y-L ILLY.

F I f ames • This is an Herb not known to

^he Gieeks, but may well enough be called
by this Greek Name, Keivoy tuv ywa.yx.nuv ; in La-
tine Lilium Convallium : fome will have it to be
Lihum Vernum TkeophraJU h others Oenanthe Theo-
phrajtf Callionymus Gefneri } Cacalia Loniceri and
tphemerum non Let bale Luchfij • but they all of
them, for the mod part, are miftaken in thofe
Names. In Englijh we call it, Lilly Convally , Lil-
ly of the Valley , and May- Lilly.

H. The Kinds. Authors have given us two fpeci-
al Rinds hereof, viz. 1 . Lihum Convallium fiore al-
bo. The White Conval Lilly, or Lilly of the Val-
ley, with white Flowers. 2. Lilium Convallium
flare rubente. The Red Lilly Convally, or Lilly of
the Valley, with red Flowers.

The Defcr/ptions.

ffl. The firft or White Conval Lilly, or Lilly
of the Valley, with white Flowers. It has a fmall
fiender, Jfringy Root, which runs far abroad under
’be y round, creeping every way , with many fmall
white fibres, and fpnnging up again in divers pla-
ces. from this Root rife up together three or four
Reaves, one inclofed within another, each of which
when it is open, is long and broad, of a greyith
green Color fomething refembling the Leaves of
the W/ Ellebortne, or Small Wild White Hcllebor ,
at the tides whereof, and fometimes from the mid-
SrL0* th*b up a fmall, thort, naked Foot-
F an Hand breadth high, or fomewhat more,
S ' V lts t0P’ one above “Other, many fmall
white Flowers, like little hollow Bottles, with o-

fhffecondi °r Red Lilly Convally, or Lilly
of the Valley, with red Flowers. This in its Root
Leaves, State, flowers, Seed and manner of Grow-
ing is exaWy like the other , and differs from that
only in the Color of the Flowers ; for whereas thofe
ate of a white Color, thefe are of a fine pale red
Color, of a fweet Smell, but not altogether fo
iweet as the former.

Jhe T laces. The firft grows abundantly

Wild in many places of England. Gerard fays it
grows on Hampftead-Heath, not far from London in
great plenty : alfo near to Lee in Effete, and upon
Bujhy- Heath, about thirteen Miles from London-
and in many other places. The fecond is a Stran-
ger in England as to its Original ; but both of them
(Et0r,iheAr e/cellent Virtues) are nurfed up in our
hnglijh Gardens.

VI. The Times. They both flower in May, and

£1CS are npe m AuS«ft “d September

VII. Kota- Thefe Plants increafe wonderfully
even too fail for the Bignefs of fome Gardens : they
flourifh beft in the Shade, and in a Soil which is
J?1 l00^ °r a ™ean between rich and poor :
if the Earth is too rich, they many times rot and
die, and lo come to nothing : in a meaner Ground
they do better.

• ™\The ^JTfilities. This Lilly is hot and dry
in the beginning of the fecond Degree 3 itrongl'v
Aperitive and Abfterfive 3 Cephalick, Neurotick,
btomauck Antepileptick, Antapopleftick, Antipa-
ralitick and Alexipharmick.

IX. The Specification . It is a peculiar thing a-

gainjt

6^8

Salmon V Herbal. Lib. 1.

eainft the Head-ach, Megrim, Lethargy, Vertigo, | ter Oil never groV 5 rank. It is made either by In
Epilepfy, Apoplexy, Palfy and Gout. folation. or Disreltion in Balneo. or a band Heat

‘X.T he Preparations. Of this Plant the Root is
molt efficacious •, the Flowers next ; then the
Leaves, which are the meanett part thereof. You
may have, I. A Juice of the Root or flowers, or oj
the whole Riant. 2. An Effence of the fame. 3.
An \nfuJion of Root or flowers in Wine. 4. A
Ponder of the Root , or f lowers, or Lc-n'es. 5. An
Oil by Infufion or Inflation. 6. A Liquor of the
f/ornrs. 7. A difli/led Water of Roots or flowers.

S. A Spirit of Roots or f lowers. 9. An Errhine.

The Virtues.

XI. The Juice of Roots or flowers, or of the whole
Plant. It ftrengthens the Brain and Nervous Parts,
is good againlt the Lethargy, Vertigo, Megrim,
FaUing-ficknefs, Apoplexy and Palfy, revives the
Animal and Vital Spirits, ftrengthens a weak Me-
mory, and is profitable againlt the Gout. Dofe a
Spoonful or two Morning and Night in a Gluts of
Canary or White Lisbon, fluffing fome of it alfo
(as a liquid Errhine) up the Noitrils, every Even-
ing, an Hour before Bed-time.

XU. The Effence of flowers or Roots, or both.

It has all the Virtues of the liquid Juice, but of
greater Strength, and pleafanter to be taken, and
may be given in the fame quantity with that, and
ufed in both the fame Methods. ’Tis doubtlel's a
Specifick againlt the Epileply and Palfy, and for
which Purpofes it is not to be defpifed. If places
affetted with the Gout be bathed therewith, as hot
as can be endured, it gives Eafe, and in a fliort time
removes the Difeafe. Dropt into the Eyes, it eafes
their Pain, abates their Inflammation, and cures an
Ophthalmy, as alfo that Difeafe called the Pin and
Web. ' .

XIII. The Infufion of the Root or flowers in Wine.
It has all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but
lefs powerful ; and therefore may be given from
three to fix Ounces, in the Morning falling, an
Hour before Dinner, and laft at Night going to
Bed. It comlorts the Heart and Vital Spirits,
ftrengthens the Brain, and makes a ftrong Memory.
It is good againlt the Palpitation or Trembling of
the Heart or other Members, opens ObftruQions of
the Bowels, and prevails againlt Hypochondriack
Melancholly, Dullnefs, Droufinefs, Lethargy, and
other cold and moilt Difeafes of the Head, Brain
and Nerves. It fo opens Obftruftions of the Ner-
vous Parts, and of the Brain, that being taken for
fome time, it prevents the coming of an Apoplexy,
or the Induction of that Difeafe, by ftrengthening
the Parts, and preventing the Caufe.

XIV. The Ponder of the Root, or flowers, or
Leaves. Inwardly taken, it has all the Virtues of
the Juice, Effence and Infufion, but operates not fo
fpeedily nor fo powerfully as the two firft, becaufe
the Force or Power thereof is firft to be extrafted
out of the Subftance of the Pouder,by the Stomach -,
the which, if the Stomach is weak, will be but ve-
ry faintly performed. It may be given from half a
Dram to a Dram, or more, every Night at Bed-
time, in Wine or fome other convenient Vehicle ;
and the fame Dofe every Morning fatting, in like
manner. If it is ihuft up the Noftrils, it purges
the Head and Brain of fuperfluous Humors, which
proceed from Cold and Moifture, and prevails againlt
all thofe Difeafes of the Head and Brain which pro-
ceed from the fame. It is an excellent Medicine,
and not to be defpifed.

XV. The Oil by Infufion or Inflation. It is made-
by Infufion of the flowers or Roots in choice flo-
'snee Oil, or rather in Oil of Ben, becaufe this lat-

folation, or Digeltion in Ba/nco, or a Sand Hear,
for fourteen Days or more, then preffed out, and
the Infolation or Digeltion repeated thrice more,
tor the compleating thereof. Anointing herewith,
it hinders the fpreading of the Leprofv, and takes
away Scabs and Ringworms, Scurf, Morphew,
Yellownefi, Tanning, Sun-burning, and other De-
formities thereof; and this it does lb much the
more effeftually, if the Parts a fleeted be firft well
bathed with either Juice or Effence, as hot as the
Patient can endure, every time before the Anoint-
ing. It gives Eafe in the Gout, being anointed up-
on the Part.

XVI. The Liquor of the flowers. It is thus
made according to Gerard. Take a Glafs, which
fill with Flowers of May-Li/lies or Lilly Conva/ly ,
Itop it clofe with a Cork dipt into Wax, or with a
Glafs Stopper, and fet it in an Ant-hill for a Months
fpace or longer, and then take it out : fo will you
find a Liquor in the Glafs, which decant from the
Flowers, and keep it for Ufe in another Glafs clofe
llopt with a Glafs Stopper. Outwardly applied,
it gives Relief in the Gout, and other Pains of the
Nerves and Joints. Inwardly taken Morning and
Night, a Spoonful at a time in a Glafs of Wine, or
of the Infufion at Set/, it. aforegoing, it is an ex-
cellent thing againlt the Epileply, Palfy, Lethargy,
and other cold and moilt Difeales of the Head and
Brain.

XVII. The ch fulled Water of Roots or flowers.
Authors aferibe the fame Virtues to it which is gi-
ven to the Juice, Effence and Pouder, but as it is
much weaker than thofe Preparations, fo it ought
to be given oftener, and in larger Dofes, as from
two Ounces to four or fix Ounces, either alone by
its felf, dulcified with double-refined Sugar, or mixt
with fome of the Infufion in Wine. If it is dropt
into the Eyes, it is faid to help their Inflammations,
Pin and Web, Cloudinefs, Dimnels of Sight, hut
this it more excellently performs, if you dulcify it
a little with choice Honey. It is good againlt Scurf,
Morphew, Scabs, Tettars, Ringworms, and other
Deformities of like kind, by walhing the Parts at-
fefted therewith -, but it will do it more effeftual-
ly, if it is mixed with a proportional part of Oleum
Tartari per deliquium. The Water alfo eafes the
Pain and affwages the Swellings coming by the
Stinging of Bees, Wafps and Hornets, being appli-
ed to the Part. Taken to the quantity of fix Oun-
ces, it helps thofe who are poyfoned by the Biting
of a Mad Dog -, but I am confident that the Juice
or Effence being taken inftead • of it, will be much
more effeftual : and being drunk for forty Days to-
gether, it cures the Epilepfy or Falling-ficknefs.
The fame Water drank, is faid to help the Strangu-
ry, as alfo the Pain at Heart, the Inflammation of
the Liver, and to ftop the Overflowing of the
Courfes.

XVIII. The Spirit of the Roots or flowers. It
may be diftilled from new Wine, or from Brandy
after fome fmall time of the Flowers Digeltioti
therein. A Spoonful of this Spirit being drunk, re-
[tores Speech to fuch as have loft it thio’ the Dead
Pally; it comforts the Heart, ftrengthens the Brain,
revives the Spirits, fortifies the Memory, and re-
frefhes the whole Human Frame ; is gobd againlt
Huntings, Swoonings, and Palpitation, or Trem-
bling and Beating of the Heart : it is alfo good a-
gainft the Epilepfy, Vertigo, Lethargy and Apople-
xy ; for being drunk with a few Grains of Pepper ,
and two Drams of the Powers of Lavender, it is
faid to prevail againlt the Apoplexy, cure the Co-
lick, and defend the Heart againlt the Biting of Mad
Doas or the Povfon of other Venomous Beafts.

B> XIX The

Chap. 4^5* ‘EngHjb Herbs. 639

Common Limonadc.

XIX. The Errhine. Take Pouder of the blowers
of Tilly Co nv ally half an Ounce , Pouder of the Leaves
of AJ'arabacca one Ounce : mix them. It is to be
fnuffed up the Noftrils every Night, an Hour or
Hour and half before Bed-time, becaufe it wonder-
fully purges the Head, Brain, Original of the Nerves
and Ventricles, of the Recrements of thofe Parts,
and of all cold and moift Humors, fo it wonderfully
opens all the Parts adjacent, whereby the Patient is
made apt to get Cold upon the leait occafion ; for
which Reafon the life of it is ordered by the Phy-
fician, to be a little before Bed-time, that the Pati-
ent going to Bed may prevent the fame. It is ufed
in the Cure of Rheumatifms, Megrim, inveterate
Head-ach, Epileply, Apoplexy, Palfy of the Head,
Lethargy, Vertigo, Obitru&ions of the Brain, be-
ing daily applied with a Contintianio , for fo long
time as the Phyltcian lhall fee fit.

LILLY-LEEK. See Moly, Chap.
LILLY-ROYAL. See Penny-Royal, Chap.
LIME-WORT. See Catchffy, Chap. 112.

CHAP. CCCCXLV.

Of L I M O N A D E,

0 R,

Sea Marfli BUGLOSS.

I.'~r'JdE Names. It is called in Greek.

X *! Nsv£>«JVr Diofcoridis, becaufe it grows
Is i.iw.um, in prat is riguis , vel pahtfinbus : in La-
tino, Limonittm , I fuppofe from the Greek Name,
tho’ fome will have it to be from Malm Timonia ,
the Limon-Tree, becaufe the Leaf of this Plant is
lbmething like to the Leaf of the Limon-Tree. In
Eng/ijh , Limonadc, and Sea Marlh Buglofs. Ge-
rard calls it Sea Lavender, which is an improper
Name, for that it has no Relemblance to Lavender
of what Kind foever.

II. The Kinds. Mr. Ray makes eleven Species
of this Plant, Parkinfon leven, Gerard but four ;
yet in our late Times, a greater Number has been
found out, as appears from Mr. Ray’s Wftoria
Plantarwn. But many of them grow neither upon
our Brittijh Shores, or in our Bnttijk Marfiies, nor
yet in any of our Plantations in the Well Indies ;
and fome of them feem to differ in their Effefts
from the more common and ufual, fo that no Vir-
tues have been affigned them : of all thefe we have
nothing to fay in this Work ; thofe which we in-
tend, ate, I. Limonittm majus vulgatim, Valeriana
rubrte ftmilis Dodontti , Our Common Limonade, or
Sea Marlh Buglofs, ( which fome Apothecaries for-
merly miftook for Ben or Behen ntbrum , whereas
it is no fuch thing.) 2. Limonittm Medium Ang/i-
ctrn, Colchefter Limonade, or Marlh Buglofs. 3.
Limonio congener C/ttflj, The hollow-leaved Plant of
Clufius, or Limonade of Virginia : of which three
Kinds We have already treated at large in Chap. 97.
aforegoing -, but fome few following, which we
omitted in that Chapter, we (hall treat of here,
viz. 4. Limonittm paruum , Small Limonade, or
Small Rock Buglofs. 7. Limonittm folio Jinuato,
Limonittm Peregrinum Rauviolfij, Limonade with
indented Leaves, or Spamtlt Sea Marlh Buglofs.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firft , or Common Limonade,' or Sea
Marlh Buglofs. We have already largely deferibed
this Plant m Chap. 97. but fome few Ohfervalions
more offer them) elves to Consideration , and therewith
a more elegant Cut of the Plant. The Root then is
thick and long, fomewhat like unto a Small Red
Beet Root, or Small Dock Root. From this fpring
up feveral fair, long, thick, fiat, green Leaves, like
to thofe of the Linton or Orange Tree, but of a
darker green, and fometimes a little crumpled, or
not much unlike to thofe of the Small Beet. From
among thefe Leaves fpring up feveral naked, hard,
brittle Stalks, of a Foot or Foot and half high, di-
vided towards the top into fundry other fmalt
Branches, which Branches grow for the molt part
upon one fide of rhe Stalk, and are replenifbed with
many fmall blewiili purple Flowers, fomewhat like
unto Buglofs Flowers, but that they are lei's, or as
fome Authors fay, in (hew like to Lavender Flow-
ers ; which Flowers grow alfo, all of them for the
molt part, on one fide of the faid Branches ; which
being palled away, long red Seed follows, contain-
ed in the Husks which the Flowers flood in before.
See the Figure annexed.

IV. The fourth, or Small Limonade, or Small
Rock Buglofs. This differs but little from the fir ft,
faying that it grows much lower : It has a imull
long reddifh Root, parted at the top into feveral
Points ; from whence come forth in a kind of TY.fr,
a number of fmall, thick, fat, fmooth, and fome-
what roundifh Leaves next the Ground, in form
and manner of a fmall Hottfe-Leek, fome of the
Leaves being not pointed at all. It grows not a
bove fix Inches high, the Stalks being tome higher,
and fome lower than others, hare, and without
Leaves to the tops, where they lpread into feveral
fmall Branches, bending a little backwards, beat-
ing

6 4 o Sa mon’j1 Herbal. Lib. L

ing a number of fmall Flowers, of a reddifh or faint
reddilh blew Color.

V. The fifth , or Limonade with indented Leaves,
or Spanifh Sea Marlh Buglofs. It has a long ], lender
Root , with fome jew fibres adjoining. From the
Head of which Root fpring forth long green Leaves,
lying fpread upon the Ground, being alio deeply
linuated or indented on both lides, and fomewhat
rough. From among thefe Leaves grow up the
Stalks, welted with {lender indented Skins : to-
wards their tops they are divided into feyeral
Branches, after the manner of the Ordinary Kind ■,
but thefe Branches are alfo vyinged, and at the tops
they carry Flowers, fome four, five, fix, or moie
cluttering together, confifting of one thin, crifp, or
crumpled Leaf, of a light blew Color, (which con-
tinues long, if you gather them in their perfett Vi-
gor, and lb dry them ) and in the midft of this
blew, comes up little white Flowers, confilting of
five little round Leaves, with l'ome white Threads
in the middle.

VI. Or thus, as Parkinfon deferibes it. This
Limonade of Kauvvolfius, has a Root which is fmall
and long , and blackifh on the out fide, pcrijhtng at
the firf! approach oj Winter, from this Root fpring
forth many long , narrow , and fomewhat rough Leaves ,
lying upon the Ground , waved or cut in on both fdes
like an Indenture , fomething like the Leaves oj Ce-
terach or Spleen-wort : among which rife up two
or three Stalks, fomewhat rough alfo, and with
thin Skins like Wings, indented on both fides there-
of alfo, like the Leaves, having three fmall, long,
rough, and three-fquare Leaves at every Joint,
where it branches forth-, at the tops whereof Rand
many Flowers, upon their Foot-ftalks, in fuch a
manner as is not leen in any other Plant : for altho’
that fome of the fmall winged Foot-ftalks, are
Ihorter and fome longer, Handing as it were flat-
wife, or all on one fide, and not round like an Um-
ble, yet are they even at the top, and not one high-
er than another -, each of which fmall Foot-ltalks
do bear four or five greenifh Heads or Husks, join-
ed together y out of each of which do arile other
pale or bleak blew ftiff Husks, as if they were
Flowers, made as it were of Parchment, which
hold their Color after they are dry, a long time.
And out of thefe Husks likewile do come (at feve-
ral times one after another, and not all at one time,
or together) white Flowers, confiiling of five fmall
round Leaves, with fome white Threads in the
middle. After thefe Flowers are paft, there come
in their places i'mall long Seed, enclofed in many
Husks, many of thole Heads being unfruitful, or
not yielding any good Seed, but Chaff, efpecially
in our Country, for want of a fufficient Heat of the
Sun.

VII. The P laces. The firft grows in feveral

Marlhes and moilf places in Kent , as is related in
Cap. 97. Sell. 8. aioregoing. The fourth grows up-
on the Chalky Clift' going from the Town of Mar-
gate in Kent , down- to the Sea fide, on the left
Hand. The fifth was firft obferved by Rauwolfius at
Joppa in Syria : it grows alfo on the Coatts of Bar-
bary, and Cadiz in Spain , from whence it has been
brought to us, and is now nurfed up in our Gar-
dens.

VIII. The Times. They meft ufually flower in
June and July , and yield their ripe Seed the„next
Month after.

IX. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations ,
and l Irtues , are much the fame with thofe of the
firft Kind, which we have declared at large in Cap.
f-r. Sell. ic. ad 17. aforegoing.

CHAP. CCCCXLVI.

Of LION S-F OOT,

0 R ,

LION S-C UDWEED.

Called alfo ,

Mountain C O T T O N-W EED.

I. '“T"'1 H E Karnes. It is called in Greek, Am-n-m-
1 in Latine , Leontopodium , and

Cemos or Camos ■, and in Englijh , Lions-foot , Lions
Cudweed , and Mountain Cotton-weed , or Cudweed .
Some affirm, That the Title ok Leontopodiunt is not
found in fome Coppies of Diofcorides , but only Ce-
ntos or Camos •, but by that it may appear, that Le-
ontopodium and Cemos are one and the fame thing
which latter Name you may alfo find in Pliny, lib .
27. cap. S. where he fpeaks of Catenancc, which
was only ufed about Love Matters.

II. The Kinds. This Plant is certainly a Species
of the Cudweeds or Cotton-weeds • tho* various Au-
thors fpeak varioufly of the Plant to which the
Name Leontopodium properly belongs, or which
Ihould be the right •, fome accounting one Plant,
and fome another, and fome none, to which it has
been yet applied. Lonicerus has his Leontopodium ,
which is the Echium fcorpoides palufire Bauhint, or
the Mypfotis fcorpioides Lobelij. Apuleius, JPjius,
and 0 rib afi us, will have it to be Leontopetalon, or
Lion-leaj but that it is not, however ior Satisfa-
ction fake, we will deferibe that Plant in the third
place of this Chapter. Clufius ( from Jofephus dc
Cafabona ) applied it to fome of the Holo (l turns or
Sea Plant anes, by the Name of Leontopodium Crcti-
enm , Tfcb-Ch ^ alio far from the true thing. Bauhi-
nus fixes Herb for the true Leontopodium Diofcc -
rides, but with Lugdunenfis, thinks Pliny his Leon-
topodium to be much differing from that of Diofco-
rides, and that thofe of Matthiolus , Lobel, and o-
thers, are only Kinds of Gnaphalium or Cudweed,
as we here determine them. Brunfelfius makes our
Alchymilla or Ladies-Mantle to be it, as is hinted
in Cap. 421. aforegoing, but that is not the Leonto-
podium Diofcoridis , nor any ways agrees with his
Defcription of the Plant.

III. The Kinds of this our Lions-foot. There are
two forts which Authors have taken notice of, viz.

1 . Leontopodium majus , Pes Leoninus major , The
greater Lions-foot, or Mountain Cotton-weed. 2.
Leontopodium minus, Pes Leoninus minor. Pcs Lc-
oms minor. The lefler Lions-foot, or Mountain Cud-
weed. 2. To thefe we add, ( tho5 not of die Stock
or Kindred ) for the Name fake, Aw-md-mro*, Le-
ontopetalon folium Leonis, Lions-Leaf, Lion-leafed
Turnep, and Black Turnep. This Apuleius and
JEtius calls Leontopodium, but how truly, may be
leen, if compared with the Defcription of the firft
Kind of that Name. It is alfo called in Latine ,
Rapeium , Papaverculum, Brumaria, Semen Leoni -
num, Pes Leoninus, and Pat a Leonis, but, very im-
properly thefe three latter ^ the laft fave one, belong-
ing to the firft and fecond aforegoing, .and the laft
of all, to the Plant called Alchymilla, or Our Ladies-
Mantle.

'the Defcriptions.

IV. The firft, or Greater Lions-foot, or Mountain
Cotton-weed. It has a Root which is fmaN and long ,

Chap. 4^6. JingliJI) 'Herbs, 6^i

and fometbing woody , with feveral Strings and Fibres*
adjoining to it. From this Root fpring forth feveral:
fmall and fomething narrow Leaves, lying^rpori the!
Ground, hoary or woolly all over, yet more hairy,
white underneath thah above': the Stalks rile up a-'
bove half a Foot or more high, fet with fuch like!
Leaves thereon unto the tops, where (lands one'
great brown Head apiece, compafled about with
many' woolly or hoary white Leaves, reprefenting
the hairy Foot of a Lion, Hate, or Dove, or fuch!
like Creature, from whence came the Name. Outof
this Head comes forth many fhott Threads, which
make the Flowers feem to have Holes therein, in
which lies afterwards fmall browhiffi Seed, wrap-
ped up in fo much Down, that it is hardly to be;
found or feen.

V. The fecond , or Lefler Lions-foot, or Moun-
tain Cudweed. The Root is fmall , long , a little
woodyy with J'eyeral Strings or Fibres adjoining to it.
It riles up with one Stalk for the molt part, with
leveral Leaves thereon, fomewhat longer, but not
broader than the former : at the tops whereof Hand
divers woolly Leaves, and in the middle of them,
three or fojar or more Heads of Flowers, like unto

'-/i c tv oj j, riuv UllLv

the other Small Cudweeds , confifting of Thrums, of
a pale yellow Color, with feme black Hairs among
them ; after which follows the Down, as alfo the
Seed like the other.

Lions-Leaf.

VI. Lions-Leaf, Lions-leafed Turnep, or Black
Turnep. T he Root of this Slant is tuberous, fomc-
n 10 ".Tutnep, °r Sow-Bread, or Great

Ground-Nut, being of a b/ackifh grey Color , with fe-
veral fmall Bunches or Knobs on the fides ■ from
whence fpring up feveral large and long Leaves,
much divided or cut into divers parts, ( like unto
Uleworts or Poppies, as Ftiof corides fays, or more
( tike unto Pfowy Leaves, as Pena andLoie/fay, but
we hnd they are more jagged or cut in) of a dark
yellowilh green Color, as it grows with us, but of
a darker yellow Color in thofe places where it is a
Native, coming nearly unto the Color of* Lion’s

Skm or Hair ; frorri-wfience it’is (iippofed came thi
Name of Lions-Leaf more ijian from the Form.
From among theft Leaves fpring up a ftraked Stalk
lpotted with pale purpliih Lines and Snakes divi-
ded into many Branches, fet it 'the Joints with
frailer Leaves,- and lefler cut in : oil the tops of
vynich (land feveral (mall Flowers, made Or five
a ms apiece’ 01 a dark or trownifli yelfow Color
red like an Anemone on the outfide f and therefore
called by fome ’Anpw, as Dicfcorides lays, and vel-
low on the infide : after which come fmall Pods
thicker and fhorter than thole of Hollow-Root or
Radix Cava , in which is contained fmall round
Seed.

VII. Gerard thus deferibes it. The Root is great
rounitfh like a Turnep, and black without : From
wmch fpring forth broad Leaves, like unto Cole-
worts or rat her like unto Peony, cut and divided
into feveral great Gafhes. The Stalk is two Feet

•> tbfckt an& full of Juice , dividing it fc If into
divers Branches or Wings ; in the tops whereof there
JLind red Flowers, which being paffed away, red Cods
come in their places, in which lies the Seed, like urt-
to Tares or Wild Chiches.

VIII. The Places. The firft has been found grow-
ing on the Alps of Germany, and on Mount Beldus
m Italy. The fecond on divers Mounrains in Ger-
many and Italy alfo. The Lions-Leaf is a Native
oi Syria , G/ecia , Candta, Naples, Sec. but they are
all of them nurfed up with us in Gardens.

IX. The Times. The two firft flower in fitly
and fometimes in AuguJ}. The la ft in Winter-time
in Candy, as Bellomus fays ; but with us very late.

X. 'The Qualities, Specification , Preparations and

Virtues of Lwns-Fobt or Mountain Cudweed, are the
lame with thole of our Common Cudweed, which we
have expiefledat large in Cap. 180 . Sell. 8 ad if
aforegoing. Partinfon fays, that the Tafte hereof
being aitringenr and drying, with fome Bitternefs
m-V1,r>™dots that it is very available a-

gainlt all Fluxes oi Blood or Humors ; as alfo very
efteflual for all Sores, either green Wounds or old
Ulcers^ and conducible for whatfoever Cures the
other Cudweeds may be applied to.

XI. A DecoBion in a Lixivium of Pot Afhes. Ir
cleanfes the Hair from Nits and Lice : and being
made not too ftrongj it is good againft Scurff, Mor-
phew, Leuca, Leprofy, Yellownefs, and other -De-
formities of the Skin.

, VecoBion in Wine. Being drunken, it

kills Worms, and expels them ; and is prevalent
againlt the Bitings and Stinging of Serpents, and o-
ther V enomous Creatures.

XIII. The Fume of the Herb. Being taken as
tobacco, m a Tobacco-pipe, it is good againft the
Cough of the Lungs, cleanfes the Thorax of pitui-
tous Matter, and eafes vehement Pains of the Head.

Of Lions-Leaf.

,n-X/ri T,K hdt' and dry !n the

AlexiphaS Abfterfire’ DjSeftire, Vulnerary and

XV. The Specification. It cleanfes old and filthy
Ulcers ; is profitable againft the Sciatica, and is ari
.Antidote againft Poyfon, the Bitings of Serpents
and other Venomous Creatures.

XVI. The Preparation^. You may make there-
«• A ll J2 Juice or E (fence of the Root. 2.

1 ^CCjl0n °f rbe fame in Wine , 3. A Ponder of
the older and greater Roots. 4. A Clytier, <T. A.
Cataplafm of the Root.

The

Nnnn

642

Salmons Herbal. Lib. I.

T he Virtues.

XVII. The liquid Juice or EJfence of the Root.
Taken from three to fix Spoonfuls in a Glafs of ge-
nerous Wine, it refilts and expels Poyfon, and is
prevalent againft the Bitings of Vipers and other
Serpents, C9V . it prefently profligates the Poyfon,
and eafes the Pain. It is alfo good to wafh old
Sores and Ulcers, to cleanfe, dry, and induce their
Healing. „ ,

XVIII. The Decociion in Wine. It has all the
Virtues of the liquid Juice or EITence, but lefs effi-
cacious, and therefore may be given from four to
eight Ounces, pro re nata , Morning and Evening.
It is Angularly good againlt Obftrubtions of the
Lungs.

XIX. The Fouder of the Root. Rauwolfius , m

his Hccdoponco or Journal, lays, that the Inhabi-
tants in and about Aleppo , do ufe the Pouder of the
older and greater Roots, to take away Spots out of
their Garments, by rubbing them therewith : by
this it appears, that it is ot a very ablterfive Na-
ture. . T .

XX. The Clyfler. It is made by mixing the Juice
with Mutton-Broth, in equal quantities. It is ex-
hibited to give Eale in the Sciatica : it moves the
Bowels, and cleanfes them of putrid Excrements. _

XXI. The Cataplajm of the Root. Appiiedto in-
digelted Wounds, Sores, and Ulcers, it caules Di-
geltion, then cleanfes and drys them, ar.d fo indu-
ces their Healing.

CHAP. CCCCXLVII.

ny thick and Ihort Leaves on them, fharp at the
ends, having fometimes Branches rifing therefrom,
and lometimes two or three Stalks from the Root j
which at the tops are fet with longer Flowers than
thofe of Broom Rape, and on longer F'oot-llalks,
each Itanding in a Husk, with a long Thread as it
were growing out of the Flower, which turns up a-
gain. The whole Stalk, Leaves, and Flowers, are
of a blewifh purple Color.

V. The third , or Branched Lions-Tail. It has a
flringy fibrous Root , like the former • from whence
Springs up a Stalky which is branched forth fever al
ways , ( and yet many of thefe Herbs are found witli
Angle and unbranched Stalks, thofe with branched
Stalks being or growing for the moft part lower than
the^ others, which are unbranched : ) they are of
differing Colors, fome whitifh, fome more yellow,
fome brownifh yellow, and fome blewifh or pur-
plifh, for fo they are found in feveral places. Bau-
hinus takes notice of a fmall fort hereof, which
grows lower, under F»-Trees, Pine-Tieos, and
Pitch- Trees, differing in nothing elfe but in being of
a darker Color, and the Flowers whiter.

VI. Kota. Thefe Kinds of Plants are Excrefcen-
cies of the Earth, of which the Ancients knew but
one or two forts, viz. Hypocifiis from Ciflus, and
Orobanche or Broom-Rape from Broom : but latter
Times have difcovered more, of which thefe three
above-defcribed are chief : fome ( becaufe they are
Excrefcencies of the Earth) would have them to be
Mufhromes •, but fuch they are not : fome a Species
of Orchides , becaufe their Flowers and Seed do
more near refemble fome of the Kinds ^ but from
thefe they alfo manifefily differ : for which Rea-
fons I judge them to be Plants of their own Kinds.

Of LION S~T A I L,

0 R,

K I L L-H ERB,

O R,

HERB - BANE.

I. H E Names. It is called in Greek ,

X and by Diofcorides : in Latine ,

Hitmodoron , Li mode r on, Orobanche , and Cauda Leo-
im : in Eng l if:, Lions-Tail , Kill-Herb , and Herb-
Bane.

II. The Kinds. There are three forts of this
Plant, viz. 1. Hxmodorcn vel Limodoron majus ,
Cauda Leon is major. Great Lions-Tail ofMompeli-
er. 2. Hxmodoron vel Limodoron majus, vel Cauda
Leonis fore majore purpurafcente. Great purple
Lions-Tail. 2. Hiemodoron vel Cauda Leonis, vel
Orobanche ramofa , Branched Lions-Tail.

VII. The. Places. They grow many times from
the Roots of feveral Herbs, and by their Juicinefs,
draw forth their Nourifhment, thereby fpoiling
them : they are fometimes found in Corn-Fields, alio
among Pulfe, Hemp, &c. and fometimes alfo among
Grafs and Herbs by the fides of Hedges, and under
the Shadow of Trees, and many times alfo in places
which are not fhadowed, where the Earth has a na-
tural kind of Moifturein it.

VIII. The Times. They flourifh in May and
June but fome have been found to flower in July
and Augufi.

IX. The Qualities , Specification, Preparations ,
and Virtues, are the fame with thofe of Broom-Rape
in Chap. 86. Sell. 6. ad 14. to which you are refer-
red. Galen fays this Plant is cold and dry in the
firlt Degree. And Diofcorides fays, that in his time
it was ufed to be eaten as other Herbs are, either
raw or boiled with Pulfe , which would help their
Digeftion.

CHAP. CCCCXLVIII.

T be Descriptions.

III. The firfi, or Great Lions-Tail of Mompelier,
has a long and round fmall Root, without Scales , and
with fome Fibres under it. The Stalk is great and
thick, with very fhort Leaves thereon, from the
bottom unto the middle thereof, where the Flowers
begin to grow •, and with every one of them a larger
and longer Leaf. The Flowers are long, and of a
brownifh Color.

IV. The fecond, or Great purple Lions-Tail.
This has fuch a like Root, with Fibres thereat , as the
former - which fends forth feveral Stalks, with ma-

Of LIQUORICE Garden and Wild.

1. 'TA H E Names. It is called in Arabick , Sus :

X in Greek, Twnvpp'fia. : in Latine , Glycyrrbi-
za : in Englifh, Liquorice.

II. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. 1. Tavki
wmvT», Glycyrrhiza hortenfis. Garden Liquorice,

2. rMoivppRct dyeia., Glycyrrhiza fylvefiris , Wild *
Liquorice. Of the Garden Liquorice, there are
two Kinds, viz. 1. Glycyrrhiza hortenfis ; Liqueri -
tia off alarum ; Dulcis radix Tragi and Cordi ;

Glycyrrhiza

Chap. 448. ‘EnglijH ‘Herbs,

Glycyrrbiza Jiliquofa. Lobel'n ; Glycyrrbiza levis Of
non ecbinoui O’ Germamca aliorum ; Our Common
Englifh Liquorice. 2. Glycyrrbiza D'wfcoridis ;
Glycyrrbiza ecbinata Diofcoridis , Lobe/ij , O L//f-
duncnjis ; Glycyrrbiza Ita/ica Gcfneri (S' Dodoma ;
iicrba Scythica Thcophrajh ; Glycyrrbiza Matthioh,
id GJycyrrhizon aliorum ; Diofcorides his Liquorice!
The Wild Liquorice is alfo twofold, viz. 5. Gly-
cyrrbiza fylvcftris Gcfneri m bortis , Camcnuij
id Dalecbampi / ; Polygalon Cord 'r apud Diofcoridcm i,
Polygalon Corili , by Tlialins h G/aux, & Glau> r t)*/-
Lobe/ij id Chifius ; Grcccum Jylvefire

Tragi & Dodona: ; Glycyrrbiza fy/vedris lloribus
lutcis pallefcentibus Baubim ; Hedyfarum G/ycyn bi-
zatiim Gerardi ; G/aux vulgaris Icguminofa Par/ciu-
Joni-, The mod Common Liquorice Vetch. 4. Gly-
cyrrbiza fyhieftris Tha/ij, Glycyrrbiza Jylvejbis a
ha Camerarij in borto j Glauca Lobe/ij, id G/aux
<yuxdam Teguminofa berbariorum Lobe/ij ; G/ycyr
rbiza fylvejiris altera floribus puniceis joins Ann hi
Haubhti ; G/aux altera Lcguminofa, The other Li-
quorice Vetch.

She Dejcriptions.

III. The firjj, or Our Common Englifh Liquo-
rice. It has a Root which grows deep into the
Ground ,' as large as a Man's Thumb . or larger , at
the Head thereof. \ and fpreads it felf out into divers
other long Roots , downwards and fi deway s^ by which
it much iricp cafes \ of a brown Color on the out fide ,
and yellowifh within , of a very fwcet Tajle. From
the Head of this Root rifes up many round woody
Stalks, fet at feveral diftances with many winged
Leaves, made of many fmall long ones fet; on both
fides of a middle Rib, very well refembling the
Leaves of a young Afh fprung up from the Seed 5
and having an odd Leaf at the end. This Plant, by
many Years continuance in a place, without remo-

ving it: and not elfe, will bring forth Flowers, ma-
ny ltandipg together, Spike- fafhion, one above ano-
ther upon the Stalks', of the Form ol'P^z/F-BIolfoms,
but of a very pale or bleak blew Color, Which con-
vert into long and fomewhat fiat and fmoorh Cods,
cantaining three or four fmall, round, halt Grains
or Seed within them. The fvveet Taife of this our
Englifh Liquorice Root, is much mote pleafing to
us, than that of the Out-landiJJj • Or Spanijb Liquo-
rice^ (which we fhall deferibe in the next place )
becaule that being of a Itronger fweet Taife, has a
kind of Bitrernels joined with it, which makes it
fometliing lefs acceptable and pleafing.

Liquorice of Diofcorides.

IV"- The fecond , or Diofcorides his Liquorice,
(which is indeed, the Italian and Spanifli Liquorice.
The Root of this grows as deep or deeper than the
ol hei\ but branches not under Ground like but is

of one fmooth continued Lengthy and of a Jlronger
fweet Tafie, with a little Tang of Bittcrnefs at lajf.
This Spanijb Liquorice grows in the fame manner
which the other does, with the like Leaves and
blowers. It rifes up to two or three Cubits in
Height, and is belet with Leaves of an over-wrorn
green Color, confiding of many fmall Leaves, fet
upon a middle Rib, like the Leaves of Colutea or
the Majlick Tree, lomewhat glutinous in handling :
from among which come up fmall Knobs or brown
Heads, like to the Burs of the T lat anus , or Plane-
Tree , as Diofcorides compares them, which grow
upon fliort Stems or Foot- (talks, between the Leaves
find the Branches, cluttering together, and making a
.round Form or Shape •, out of which grow lmall
blew Flowers, of the Color of an Englifh Hyacinth^
after which lucceed round prickly Fleads, confuting
pf many rough fcaly Husks or Cods, clofely and
thick compact together, being rough like thofe of
Lentils ; in every of which Cods is contained one
black Seed. This Liquorice grows in the fame man-
ner which the former does, with the like Leaves
hnd Flowers, laving^ that thefe are of a deeper blew
Colorj and growing for the molt part at the tops
N n u n 2 .of -

644

Salmons Herbal. Lib. I.

of the Branches, in round rough Heads, as before
defcribed. . ,

V. T he third, trMofi Common Liquorue Vetch.

It has a Root which is thick and long , dividing it
fclf into two or three long Strings, running very
'deep idfo the Ground, ftneet in Ttife, like unto Li-
quorice Root, which dies not, but idudcs long , J hoot-
ing forth new Brunches every Tear in the Spring.

From the Head of this Root fpring forth many
weak, round, hard Stalks, trailing on the Ground,
branched upwards, fet fomewhat thick with winged
Leaves, made of many fmall ones, fet on both Tides
a middle Rib, fomething like to a Vetch or T are,
but much larger and pointed. The Flowers come
forth at the Joints, at the end of h long Stalk, ma-
ny together, ol a bleak white Color, tending to
yellow ; which being palled away, crooked Cods
come in their places, containing two Rows of Seed,
cornered and greyifh, of the Talte of other PulJ'es.

VI. The fourth, or Other Liquorice Vetch. Its
Root it like the 1 aft beforegoing, growing deep and
Jprcading , and as fweet as the former , injomtcb
that Thai] us Jays, that this Plant is very like to the
True Liquorice, excepting in fame few things. This
117/,/ Uquorice riles up alio with fuch like Stalks
and Leaves as the laft, but Iprcads not fo far, nor
leans down fo much, nor are tile winged Leaves al-
together fo large ; but they are of a darker green
on the upper fide, and grey underneath- The
Honors are of a purplifh Color, and the Cods are
of a brownilh Color, long and round ; and the Seed
within them more round-

VII. The Places. The firft fort of Liquorice
grows plentifully in Germany , about Nuremberg,
and is planted with us in England in Gardens : in
the Northern parts of this Kingdom, it is manured
with great Care and Diligence, where it is produ-
ced in very great plenty, replanting it once in three
or four Years. The fecond grows plentifully in
Spain, Italy, and Prance ; but with us only ill Gar-
dens. The third grows in many places of Cam-
briigcfl'ire, in Clar/ngdon Park by Salisbury, and at
'I rrapflon in Northamptonfhirrq and in many other
places of our Land. Gerard (ays he found it grow-
ing ill Suffolk, in tlie Highway on the right Hand
as you go irom Sudbury to Corner Church, about

an hundred Paces trom the end ol the Town, and — . . , -

in feveral other places of the lame County ; and in four Ounces, Maiden-hair nrce Ounces, bgs
l : Ifex. about Dunmw, and in the Towns called three th

Clare and tlennfngham : it grows alfo bv Purfieet,
about the foot of the Hill on which the Wind-Mill
Hands, and in leveral parrs ot Kent. The fourth
grows Wild in Germany , but has not been found in
England, except nuried up ill Gardens.

VIII. The Times. Gerard fays, that the two
Jrlt bower in July , and their Seed is ripe in Sep-
tember : the other ill June , and that their Seed is
ripe in Augufi ; but Parkmfon fays they Power
with us late, and feed as late, if at all.

IK. The Qualities. Liquorice, (the Root which
is chiefly uled in Phyfick) is temperate in refpeCl
to Hear, Coldnefs, Dryneis or Moifture : if there
is any thing of Intemperature in it, it is fomething
hot and moift. It is a little Abiterfive, Diuretick,

Kelaxive and Traumatick ; Pectoral, Nephrltick,
and Analeptick.

X. The Specification. It is prevalent againft
Coughs, Colds, Wheezing, Hoarfnefs, Obttru&ions
of the Lungs, Catarrhs, Confumptions, Strangury,

ObftruCkions of the Reins and Bladder, Ulcers of
the Bladder, S’ c.

XI. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, I . A. liquid Juice, 2. An lnfpiffate Juice,
a. A Deception. 4.' A Plifan. 5. A Lohoch. 6.

An V.leiluary Compound. 7. yi Ponder. 8. yj Spi-
rituous Tinllure. 9. An Acid Tintlure.

The Virtues.

XII. The liquid Juice. It may be given from a
Spoonful to two, every Morning filling, an Hour be-
fore Dinner, and at Bed-time, in a Glafs of foft Wine,
againft Coughs, Colds, Hoailiiefs, Wheezing, Short-
nels of Breath, Difficulty of Breathing, and all
forts of Obltruftions of the Lungs, caufing eafy Ex-
pectoration : it alfo provokes Urine, cleanles the
Reins, Ureters and Bladder, takes away the Heal
of Urine, and gives Fafe in the Strangury.

XIII. The lnfpiffate Juice. It comes from Spain,
and ought to be iliced very thin, or knifed in a
Mortar into grofs bits. Take of this Juice thus
prepared an Ounce, fair Water a Quart, boiling
hot, or White Lisbon Wine, fpring Water, of each
a Pint : mix, and put this on boiling hot upon the
Iliced or bruifed Liquorice : let them Hand two,
three or four Days without the leal! ftirring them,
fo will all the TinCture or fine Juice of Liquorice
rife up into the Body of the Water, or Water and
Wine, leaving only unprofitable Faxes ar bottom ;
decant this clear Tincture into another Veflel, with-
out the leaft difturbing the Faces or Bottom,
which keep for Ule, calling the Faces away as a
thing of no worth. 1 1 has all the Virtues of the li-
quid Juice, but is valtly finer and purer than it. It
may be given bom two to four or fix Spoonfuls, in
all the Cafes or Diftempers before-named. It is a
fingular good thing againft Catarrhs, Confumptions,
Ulcers of the Lungs, Ulcers of the Reins and Blad
der, lie. Being frequently taken according to the
Direction of the Phyfician.

XIV. The Decot/ ion. it has the Virtues both of
the Liquid and lnfpiffate Juice, but is much weaker,
and therefore mull be given in larger quantities. Ir
may be made by boiling bruifed Liquorice in W'ine,
or in Wine and Water, or in Water alone, in which
laft, if it is boiled with a little Cinnamon added to
it, it ferves inftead of Dtink in many places, efpe-
cially if it is let to work with Y call, as Ale oj Beer
is, and then Turned up, which in a fmall time will
become clear, ftrong and heady, as Ale and Beer
do.

XV. The Ptifan. Tale liquorice well bruifed

s - flit
nl till

half it ccnjumed , flrain out, and keep it fat life.
It is good for fuch as haue u dry Cough, digelts
Flegm and corrupt Humors in the Lungs, asd cau-
fes Lxpeftoration : it helps Catarrhs and fait Di-
llillattpftSj alfo Confumptions, and is prevaleat a-
gainltali tile Dileaies for which the Liquid and
Inlpiffafe- Juices are applied to. Dofe lour or fix
Spoonfuls.

XVI. The Lohoch. It is made of the Spanijh
Juice, by extrafling its Tinllure with Roje Water,
and making it thick with Gum Tragacanth, evapo-
rating away the Hater to a due Conjiftency. It is
good againft Hoarfnels, Wheezing, and all manner
of Roughnefs of Mouth or Throat : ic helps to ex-
pectorate tough Flegm, and to condenfate thin Hu-
mors falling into Throat and Mouth.

XVII. The EleCluary Compound. Take fine
Ponder of Liquorice t welve Ounces, fine Ponder of
Elecampane eight Ounces , Ginger in fine Ponder four
Ounces, Black Pepper in fine Pouder two Ounces :
mix than, and with honey a fufficient quantity make
an Elefluary. Dofe from halt a Dram to a Dram
every Night at Bed-time, every Morning falling,
and an Hour before Dinner, waftiing it down with
a Glafs of generous Wine, or Wine mixt with Wa-
ter.

Chap; 449. Unglijb Herbs.

645

ter. It comforts and warms a cold Stomach, cau-
ses a good Appetite and Digeilion, and is one of
the belt things in the World again!! a vehement
Cough, an inveterate Catarrh, prevails againl!
Wheezing, Hoarfnefs, and Shortnefs of Breath, and
a lingular Remedy again!! Confumptions and Ul-
cers of the Lungs. I commend it to all Confump-
tive People, and fuch as are troubled' with Catarrhs,
Coughs, and Shortnefs of Breath, as a Jewel.

XVIII. The Louder. It may be given to a Dram
or more ; it has all the Virtues of the liquid and
infpiffate Juices, Decoflion and Ptifane. The fine
Pouder blown thro’ a Quill into the Eyes which
have a Pin and Web, as they call it, or are trou-
bled with a Diftillation or Rheum, does cleanfe,
clear, and heal them.

XIX. The Spirituous Tincture. It has all the
Virtues of the liquid and infpiffate Juices ; but it is
laid to be a Specifick for curing Ulcers of the Sto-
mach, Lungs, Bowels, Reins, Uteters and Bladder.
Dofe Morning, Noon and Night, from one Ounce
to two. If is made of the Extra!! of the Spanijh
Juice, made with Water and infpiffated again to
the Thicknefs of new Honey, by digelfing it in a
gentle Sand Heat, mixt with very good Brandy.

XX. T})e Acid Tincture. It is more Stomatick
than the former, and more Ablierfive or Cleanfing -,
and if the Tinffure is made very flrong, fo as the
Body of the M enftnmm is full of it, it will be of an
extraordinary Force to heal internal Ulcers, more
efpecially if as much pure or clarified Honey is
mixed with it, till it becomes thick like a Ballam.
This being often lickt of, does Wonders in curing
Ulcers of the Lungs, as alfo Ulcers of the Reins
and Bladder. A Wife Phylician well knows
what extraordinary Ufes this Medicament will ferve
for.

XXI. Kota. The two lall Wild Kinds, tho’they
may polhbly have the fame Virtues with the True
Liquorice , of which we have hitherto fpoken ; yet
they have not been ufed in Phyfick, In Husbandry
as they increafe much, fo they make Ground rich’
and may be made very profitable to the Husband-
man, becaufe they become an admirable fort of
Food for Cattel of all forts.

CHAP. CCCCXLIX.

Of LIVER-WORT Com-

mon or Great.

Called alfo

Ground LIVER - WORT.

ITT' HE Names. It is called in Arabiyk, Acer

X and Alfachel : in Greeks ; in Latins
Lichen , hut ion of fome, Hepatic a , and je cor an a )
in Englijh , Liver-wort.

II. The Kinds. There are two principal forts
thereof, viz. I. Lichen , five Hepatica vulgaris
Hepatica major. The Greater or Common Liver-
wort, Great or Common Ground Liver-wort : of
which in this Chapter. 2. Lichen , five Hepatica
minor. Small Liver-wort : of which in the follow-
ing Chapter.

The Defcriptions.

III. The Common or Great Ground Liver-wort,
kdt Roots which are vfry fine and J mail , whereby it

lives, and with which it draios its Nourijhment. It
grows dole, and fpreads much upon die Ground in
moilt and fhadowy places, with many fad green
Leaves, lying, or rather as it were [ticking Hat one
upon another, very unevenly cut in on the edges,
and crumpled ^ from among which rife up fmall
llender Stalks, an Inch or rwo high at the molt,
bearing fmall Srar like Flowers at the tops.

Common or Great Ground Liver-ivor:,

IV. The P laces. It Is often found In moift and
fhadowy places upon the Surface of the Ground,
and in moift places near Highways, and other com-
mon Paths, where the Beams of the Sun feldom
come, and in places not often frequented by Tra-
vellers, as alfo on fhadowy and moift places on
Rocks and Rocky Grounds, &c.

V. The 'Times. It brings forth its blazing Stars
and^ Leaves oftentimes in June and July.

VI. The Vitalities. It is cold and dry in the firft
Degree, and fomewhat Aftringent or Binding.

VII. The Specification. It is a peculiar thing 3-
gainlt the Rickets in Children, to allay Inflammaii-
ons, cure the Yellow Jaundice, to help the Gonor-
rhoea in Men, and the Whites in Women.

VIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. A liquid Juice or EJj'cnce. 2. A Deeofii-
oq. 3. A Syrup. 4. An Ointment. 5. A Cat a*
pl.afn .

The Virtues.

IX. The Juice or Efjenee. It is lingular good a*
gainlt the Inflammation or Heat of the Liver, being
taken from two Spoonfuls to four in clarified Whey
or Barley Broth : it cures the fharp Fits of Agues,
,and Tertians which proceed of Choler. I have
known leveral Children which have been troubled
with the Rickets, ( which the Vulgar call Liver-
grown ) to be cured by the conftant taking thereof
for fome time. It cools the Inflammation of the
Tongue, as alfo the Yellow Jaundice, which pro-
ceeds from an Inflammation 'of the Liver. It cools
.alfo the Heat of the Reins and Bladder, and cures a
Gonorrhoea in Men, and the Whites in Women :

and

II li I ,

[in

if

other running Sores and fpreading Scabs, it is Laid
to dry and heal them.

X. The DccoUwn. It may he made in Water oil
Wine, according to the Nature of the Difeafe. It1
. has all the Virtues of the Juice orEflence, butmuclf
weaker, and therefore is to be given in a greater
quantity, as from a quarter of a Pint to half a Pint,j
and that Morning and Evening.

XL T he Syrup. It is made of the Juice with:
Honey or Sugar. It has all the Virtues of the Juice,:
but is chiefly made lor Children which have the;
Rickets, by reafon it is pleafanter to take, and then
they generally add to it Maiden-hair , llaifonsof the'
Suit /toned, and tigs flit , and fo give it to the Child,,
a Spoonful at a time, five or fix times a Day.

XII. The Ointment. It is made of the Juice, or
rather of the green Herb boiled in Hogs Lard, or in
Beef Suet mixt with Oil Olive, of each equal parts,
till the Herb is crifp •, then ftrair.ed out, and re-
peated three times in like manner. It is good a-
gainft Scabs, running Sores, old Ulcers, Tettars,
the Ringworm, called in Greek , An'Xjb' Lichen ,
( whence the Name of the Plant for curing this Dif-
eale) and other like Deformities of this kind.

XIII. The Cataplajm. It cools and atlays Inflam-
mations, and is prevalent again!! an Eryjipelas or
Anthonies Fue, and has all the Virtues of the Oint-
ment, ^nd may be ufed when that cannot be had.
It is made by beating the green Plant in a Mortar,
and applying it. Diofcorides fays, that being ap-
plied to an ihemorrbage, or Flux of Blood, (llup-
pofe he means in a Wound) that it will Hop the
Bleeding : but Galen, doubts of this, tho’ fo great
a Man as Diofcorides reports it.

CHAP. CCCCXL.

Of LIVE lt-w OUT Small.

The Dejcriptions.

Ill The firft, or Small Ground Liver-wort with
round Heads. This differs ' not, 'from the Great Kind
in the former Chapter , hut in its Stature, this being
altogether left, and more fmooth or even : the Flow-
ers on the tops of the flen'der Stems, .are not fo
much laid open like a Star ; bur the efpecial Dif-
ference confute in this one chief thing, vie. that
this Kind being planted in a. Pot, and let in a Gar
den above the Ground, yet will it fpread it felf
round about, and increases in great plenty; where
never any did grow before.

Small Ground Liver-tbort Stany-JhmireJ-

IV. The fecortd , or Small Ground Liver-wort
Starry-flowered. This Small Liver-wort grows in
like manner as the former, and fends forth Jitch like
Starry flowers as the Great Kind in the former
Chapter, hut is fmaller for the molt part in all
places where it grows ; for fo as it grows in the
Shadow, it will live in ’Pots, as well as on the
Ground, if the place is not itirred or turned up.
The Difference between this and the former is, that
that has little tender Stalks about an Inch long,
with round Pleads at their feveral tops ; whereas
this Small Kind has like Stalks, of an Inch in
Length , with a Star-fafhioned Flower or Flead
at top.

Stone Liver-wort.

0

\

Chap. 451. ‘Englijb Herbs.

647

Ground Liver-wort docs : it only refts it felf in
Spots and Tufts, fet here and there, of a dufty ruf-
l'et Color above, and blackifh underneath : among
the crumpled Leaves rife up feveral ftnall Stems or
Stalks, on which do grow little Star like Flowers,
of the Color of the Leaves. The Leaves are leffer
than the former, of a lighter green Color, and a
little hairy : the Stalks are (lender, naked; and a-
bout two Inches high.

VI. The fourth , or Liver-wort with a hooded
Head. It has it Root conjijiing of fmall Fibres, fine
and white. Its Leaves lie one upon another, of a
yellowifh green Color, dafht over with an A(h-color,
and fpotted a little in their middle. The Stalk
grows to be about three or four Inches high, being
white, fmooth, clear or tranfparent, and of the
thicknefs of a Rufh, on which grows a fmall Head,
fomething like unto an Hat, divided underneath in-
to five parts, of a fpongy Subftance, green at the
firft, then yellow, and laltly reddifh ; under which
are growing the Fruir, which are of a dark purple
Color, and juicy while they are frelh ; but being
dry, have a Imoaky Pouder within them, inftead of
Seed.

VII. T he fifth , or Liver-wort with skinny Heels.
Its Root is compofed of Fibres as fmall as Silk. Its
Leaves are fmooth and tranfparent, more tender and
fmall than any of the former, growing in time to
be of a blackifh purple Color, and not lying or
flicking one to another, as the others do ; from the
back whereof grows forth a Skin or Sheath, fhaped
like a Shooe, whofe brims or edges are a little
crumpled, and railed higher than the reft ; from
whence rife up about four little, dark, green, fhintng
Heads, of the Bignefs of the fmalleft Peafe, which
afterwards open into yellow Flowers, having four
Leaves apiece, (landing on yellowifh Stalks four
Inches high, with divers impalpable Threads in the
middle.

VIII. The fixth , or Smalleft Liver-wort without
Stalks. Its Root confifis of very fine Jhort white Fi-
bres, which cleave to the heaves, by which the Plant
is nourijhed and lives. This is the fmalleft of all
the Liver-worts, and its Leaves are no larger than
the Nails of ones Finger, green and rough, with
white Spots. It has alfo certain fad purplilh Skins,
fet on both fides of the lower part of the Leafj be-
fore any Flower appears ; but when the Leaf grows
greater, it becomes of a fad purplilh Color, like
the Skins, and fwells at the end, fending forth a
lmall Fruit, as big as a fmall Pea , being of the fame
Color with the Leaf, fappy, or full of a whitilh
'watery Juice, which afterwards, as the Fruit grows
ripe, changes yellow, and being broken, has then
a yellow Pouder, which will color the Fingers
which touch it.

IX. The feventh, or Purple Liver-wort, called
Cork or Archal. It is a kind of Herb or Plant much
refembitng Liver-wort, of a fad purplijh Color, which
the poor People in Derbylhire gather, and grinding
it, make it into a moift Mafs, which they keep in
Barrels, and therewith they make a kind of Murry
or purplilh Dye, whieh, tlto’ it will not hold Co-
lor long in Cloth, but will flarve and change, yet
it ferves poor People for their Wearing very well.

X. The Places. The firft and fecond grow in
moift fhadowy places in Gardens, and other like
Grounds, and fometimes they are planted in Pots,
which fet in (hady moift places,thrive very well. The
third grows upon Stones by Wells and Springs, and
is found upon Rocks and Stony places, as well near
unto the Sea, as farther on the Land ; and it is of-
ten found at the bottoms of high Trees, growing
upon high Mountains, efpecially ia Ihadowy places.
The fourth, fifth and fixth grow alfo in the like

moift Stony and Rocky places. The feventh grows
in Derbyjhire , on the Mountains there, and is found
in great plenty.

XL The Times. They bring forth their Flowers
for the nioft part in June and July , and are in -j
flourilhing Condition all the Summer Months.

XII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations
and Virtues, are the fame with thole of the Great
Liver-wort in the former Chapter, fothat no more
need be faid thereof in this place.

CHAP. CCCCLI.

Of LIVER - WORT Noble,

0 R,

Golden TREFOIL.

yn

1- ' | ' H E Karnes. It does not appear that this

JL Plant was ever known to the Greeks , and
therefore has no Greek Name tut it is called in
Latine , Hepatic if Hepatica nobilis , Hepatica aurea ,
Hepatica trjjolia, Hcpaticum tr folium , Hepatica
Tri/t italic , alfo Herb a Trinit at is ^ (but there is
nother Plant, which is the proper or true Herb Tri-
nity viz. Hearts-eafe , of which we have already
treated in Chap. 346 and 347 aforegoing.) It is alfo
called Trifolia aurea , T njolium aureum , Tr folium
nob lie , Trfolia nobilis , and Trinit as * in Englijb ,
Noble Liver-wort , Golden Liver-wort , Noble Tre-
foil^ and Golden Trefoil, and Hepatica.

II. The Kinds. There are various forts of this
Plant, viz. t. Hepatica Jlore cstruleo fmplici major,
Hcpaticum Trifolium , The great fingle blew Hepa-
tica, or Noble Liver- wort. 2. Hepatica minor flo-
re pa lido cxruleo , The fmall blew Noble Liver-
wort or Hepatica. 3. Hepatica Jlore purpureo , Pur-
ple Noble Liver-wort. 4. Hepatica Jlore albo mi-
nor, The lelfer White Hepatica. y. Hepatica alba
magno jlore. The great White Hepatica. 6. Hepatica
albida five argent ea, Afh-coloredNobleLiver-wort,or
that of a Wild Tanfy-color. 7. Hepatica alba fra -
minibus rubris. White Hepatica or Noble Liver-
wort with red Threads. 8. Hepatica flore rubro ,
Hepatica trfolia rubra. Red Noble Liver-wort or
Hepatica. 9. Hepatica Americana, vel Virginianai
The American or Virginian Noble Liver-wort or
Hepatica. 10. Hepatica Jlore purpureo multiplict
five pleno, Hepatica multiflora Lobelij , Double^
flowered purple Hepatica, or Noble Liver-worn
11. Hepatica flore c&ruleo pleno, Double-Powered

blew Noble Liver-wort.

*

The Defer iptions ♦

III. The firjl, or Great fingle blew Hepatica, of
Noble Liver-wort. The Roots are. compofcd of a
Bufli of blackifh Strings or Fibres : from the feveral
Buttons or Heads whereof the Flowers fpring up,
blow open, and fometimes Jhed and fall away , before
any Leaves appear or fpread open. Thefe Flowers
Hand every one upon their own Foot-ltalks, of the
fame Height with the Leaves for the moft parr,
which is much about four Inches high, and fome-
times a little more, which ufually confift of fix
Leaves, (but fometimes they have feven or eight)
of a fair blew Color, with many white- Chives or
Threads in the middle, ftanding about a middle
green Umbone or Head, which after the Flowers

are

Salmon s Herbal-

.1.

are fallen, grows greater, and (hews many fmall
Grains or Seeds-fet dole together, ( with three fmall
green Leaves comparing them underneath, as they
did tiie flower at the bottom) very like to the
Pleads of Seed of many of the Crowfeet. After the
Flowers are rifen and* blown, fpring up many frefh
Leaves- of a green Color, each leverally handing
upon its own proper Foot-ftalk, folded together,
and fomewhat brown and hairy at their firft coming
forjh, which afterwards are broad, and divided at
the edges into three parts, as is fully demonftrated
by tire Figure.

Great .Blew , Noble Livfr-wort.

IV. The fe con d, cr Small blew Noble Liver-wort
or Flepatica. The Roots or fibrous Strings of this,
are like the former : the Leaves of it are alfo like to
thofe , but J mailer by half and grow more abundant-
ly or bulbing thick together. The Flowers are of a
pale or bleak blew Color, and not fo large as the
aforegoing. It very feldom bears Flowers, for
Parkinjon fays he had the Plant half a fcore Years
in his Garden, and yet never faw it bear Flowers a-
bove twice in all that time.

V. T he third or Purple Noble Liver-wort. This
Plant in its. fibrous Roots , Stalks, flowers. Seed ,
Leaves , and manner of Growing is wholly like unto
the firft deferibed -, .fo that there is no need to reite-
rate the former' Defcription: at Sett. 3. -above : but
the only Difference in this is, :that the Flowers are
of a deeper blew, tending ' to a' Violet purple Co-
lor.

VI. The fourth , or Leffer White Hepatica, or
Noble Liverwort. The flowers of this Noble Tre-
foil ; are wholly white, of the Largnefs of the Red
or Purple-colored ^ and the Leaves of the Plant are
fomewhat fmaller, and of a little whiter or paler
green Color 5 in all things elfe it is wholly agreeing
with the firft.

VII. The fifth, or Great White Hepatica, or No-
ble Liver-wort. There is no 'Difference between
this and the left deferibed , • neither in its Root, Stalks ,
Leaves , flowers nor Seed , laying- that the Flowers
of this .being, full as white as the former, are as
large as thofe which we (hall deferibe in the next
Sell ion:

.VIII.: The fixth, or A(h-colored Noble Liver-
wort, or that of a Wild Tanfy Color. Both the
Leaves and the flowers of this Hepatica, are. larger
than any of the former, except the left- : the Flowers
hereof,- at firft opening, feem to be of a blufh Afh-
color : which fo abide for three or four Days, de-
caying (fill, until they turn almoft white * having
yet (till a (hew of that blufh A(h-color in them, till
the very latt. . .

IX. The f eve nth,, or White Hepatica, or Noble
Liver-wort with red Threads. There is very little
Differ once between this Noble Liverwort, and the

firfi White One1 at Sect. 6. aforegoing, laving that
the Threads in the middle of the Flower are purely
white, as in the laft they are tipt at the ends of a
pale reddifh Color, which adds a great Beauty to
the Flower.

X. The eighth, or Red Noble Liver- wort, or He-
patica. The Leaves of this Trefoil are of a little
browner red Color, both at their firft coming up,
and afterwards , efpecially in the middle of the Leaf ,
more than any of the former : the Flowers are in
Form like unto the reft, but of a bright blufh or pale
red Color, very pleafant to behold, with white
Threads or Chives in the middle of them.

XL The ninth , or American or Virginian Noble
Liver- wort or Hepatica. This differs fomewhat
from the other forts already deferibed:: it bears very
dark green Leaves, much of the Form of the other.
Kinds. The Flower is fmall and white, with white
Threads in the. middle : in other ft efpeefs the Dif-
ference is very fmall.

XII. The tenth, or Double-flowered Hepatica, or
Noble Liver-wort. This Double Hepatica is in all
things like unto the Single purple Kind, f aving only,
that the Leaves are larger, and ft and upon longer
foot -ft a Iks ■, and rhat the Flowers are fmall Buttons,
but very thick of Leaves, and as double as a Flower
can be, like unto the Double .-White Crowfoot, but
not fo big, of a deep blew or purple Color, with-
out any Threads or Head in the middle, which fall
away without giving any Seed.

XIII. . The eleventh, or Double-flowered blew

Noble

Chap. 45 i. ‘EngliJh Herbs.

649

Noble Liver-wort. This differs but very little from
the laft : the whole Plant is a little lefs * the Flow-
er is not full out fo large, but altogether as double
or manifold in the Leaves.

XIV. The P laces. The ninth is a Native of Vir-
ginia, and was brought from thence by John
Trade/ cant. Moft of the reft grow naturally in the
Woods in Germany , and fome of them in Italy, as
thofe with the blew Flowers, and the double-
flowered, as Clufius fays ; but with us they only
grow in Gardens, nurfed up for the Flowers fake,
which are beautiful in their Kind, more efpecially
being confidered as to their early Appearance.

XV. The Times . Thele Plants do flower very
early, and are fome of the firlt Flowers which ap-
pear after the hard Frofts in January or February :
lo that next unto the Winter Woolf s-bane, thefe
(hew themfelves towards the latter end of Winter,
which becaufe they are fo early in the Year, are fo
much the more to be valued. The Double Kinds
flower not altogether fo early, fometimes in March
and April, yet they continue when the others are
paft. The Seeding Kinds perfeft their Seed in A-
pril and May.

XVI. The Qualities. All thele Kinds of Noble
Liver-wort , are cold and dry in the firft Degree,
Aftringent, Traumatick or Vulnerary, Stpmatick,
Hepatick and Analeptick.

XVII. The Preparations. You may have, 1. A
liquid Juice or Ejjence cf the whole Plant. 2. A
DccoUion of the whole Plant. 3. A Ponder of the
Root.

The Virtues.

XVIII. The liquid Juice or Ejjence. Either of
thefe Preparations admirably comforts and ftrength-
ens the Liver, refrigerates it, and takes away any
preternatural Heat of the Bowels : being given in
Red Port Wine, it cleanfes and ftrengthens the
Ventricle, cures Fluxes and Bloody-fluxes, helps Pif-
fing Blood, and the Ov.er-flowing of the Courfes in
Women, and is of very good life in Spitting Blood,
reftoring fuch as are in Confumptions. Being taken
as a Diet, they are of excellent EffeUs in curing of
Wounds, old Sores, Ulcers, and the like : and out-
wardly uled as a Walh in thofe Cafes, they difpofe
the fame to a fpeedy Healing. Dofe two, three or
four Spoonfuls at a time Morning and Evening, in
any fit Vehicle.

XIX. The Deco ff ion. It has all the Virtues of
the liquid Juice and Elfence * and may be made in
Wine or Water, according as the Occafion may re-
quire. It may be given Morning, Noon and Night,
from three Ounces to fix or eight : and outwardly
it may alfo be ufed as a Lotion for Sores and Ul-
cers, which are of difficult or hard Cure. It is an
excellent thing for the Hepatick Flux.

XX. The Ponder of the Roots. The Pouder has
poffibly the Virtues of the Juice and Elfence. Bap-
tijia Sardus commends it, and writes, that if a
Spoonful thereof is given at a time in Wine, for
feveral Days together •, or in Broth, it is very bene-
ficial againli the Difeafe called Enterocele or Bur-
ftennefs.

LIVE-LONG, fee Orpin-Spanilh.

LIVER-WORT Wood, fee Lung-wort, Chap. 458.
LOD-WORT, fee Crowfoot Water, Chap. 175.
LONDON-TllFTS, fee Williams Sweet.

LONG- WORT, fee Mullein.

CHAP. CCCCLIL

O/LOOSE-STRIFE Yellow

or Common.

0 R,

Yellow WILLOW --HER B.

I. ; 1 ''HE Names. It is called in Greek, tsjeuj.L
X *©-. Avei^v : in Latine, Lyfimaehia ,
and Lyfimachion , (fo called from Lyfimaehus, King
of Illyria , (as 1 fuppofe) who was the firft Finder
of it out \ ) it is alfo called Salicaria , ant quod inter
Salices oritur , out quod Solicit folio habct , viz. Wil-
low-Herb., eitheubecaufe it grows among Willows.
pr that it has Willow like Leaves. In Englijh , Loo/e-
Strife. tztWilloid-Ilerb.

JL We make four principal Kinds

of tl|jiS I. Auctytet^f©- Khwgjf, fAti£avy xj Koivof ^

LyfimachtaVutca , major (If communis , The Yellow’
or Greater, or Common Loofe-ftrife : of which in
this Chapter. 2. Lyfimaehia fpicata. Spiked Loole-
ftrife, or that with fpiked Heads of Flowers : of
which in Chap. 453. 3. Lyfimaehia non fpicata ,

Loofe-ftrife not fpiked : of which in Chap. 434.
4. Lyfimaehia fihquofa , Codded Loofe-ftriie : of
which in Chap. 45;. following.

Common Yellow Loofe-Strife.

III. The Kinds of the Common or Yellow Loofe *
flrije. We have, 1. Lyfimaehia lutea (1 vera , Ly-
ftmacbia verum (3 Legit imum Cordi apud Diojcondem,
Lyfimaehia lutea major , qua eft Liofcoridis Bauhini ;
Salicaria Tragi (3 Gefneri Corneola Leoniceri , The
Common Yellow Loofe-ftrife, or Willow-Herb. 2.
Lyfimaehia lutea altera Clufij , Lyfimaehia lutea in
alls foliorum florens Cafalpini , Lyfimaehia lutea mi-
nor fo/iis nigris plinths notatis Bauhini , The lefler
Yellow Loofe-ftrife, or Willow-Herb. To thele
O 0 0 o Authors

650 Salmon s Herbal. Litxl.

Authors add a third, viz. 3. Lyfimachia lutea tcrtia
Clufij , Lyfimachia lutea altera Lobclij , Lyfimachia
aquatile Dodonxi , Lyfimachia lutea fore globofa ,
Yellow Ldofe-ftiife round headed.

T/;e Defcriptio??s.

IV. The fir ft, or Common Yellow Loofe-ftrife,
or Willow-Herb. It has a Root which creeps under
Ground much like to Quitch- Grafs or Dogs-Graf's.,
but greater , which J hoots up every Spring with
browniff) Heads , that afterwards grow up into Stalks.
This is the molt common Kind, which grows in
rank moift Ground, to be four or five Feet high or
more, with great round Stalks, a little crefted, and
di verily branched from the middle of them to the
tops into great and long Branches on all which, at
the joints, there grow long and narrow Leaves, but
greater and broader below, molt commonly two at
a Joint, yet fometimes three or four, fotnething like
anto Willow Leaves, without Nicks or Dents on
the edges, and of a faint green Coloi^Lfrom the
upper Joints of the Branches, and at dr^ tops of
them alfo, Hand many yellow Flower*$\«*Ekaves
apiece, with feveral yellow Threads fifthe middle,
which turn into fmall round Heads, in which are
contained fmall cornered Seed.

V. The fecond , or Lelfer Yellow Loofe-ltrife, or
Willow-Herb. It has a Root which creeps under
Ground , and ft. 'wots up again in the fame manner ai
the former. This Plant rifes not up fo high as the
firft, with its round jointed Stalks, which are fome-
what woolly or hairy -, the Leaves being alfo wool-
ly, and fomething like them, are narrower and
Ihorter than they, lour for the mod part, and fome-
times but three fee together at a Joint, fpotted with
blackifh Spots on their under fides, not compalfing
it at the bottom, but every one Handing upon a
fiiort Foot-ftalk, and not at all dented about the
edges. From the middle of the Stalk almoH, up-
wards'at every Joint come forth the Branches, which
are fhorr, nothing folong as the former, and Hand-
ing clofer together, on which grow a few Leaves,
leffer than thofe below. At the tops of the Branch-
es, and at l'oine of the upper Joints alfo, grow a
few Flowers, leffer than thofe in the before-deferi-
bed, which are of a yellow Color, and confuting of
five Leaves as they do, with many yellow Threads
in them, of a Hrong fweet Smell, which fo join
together at the bottom, that the whole Flower falls
away together, and not any Leaf apart. The for-
mer Plant has no Smell or Talte, but only Styptick,
or AHringent and Drying ^ whereas this Smaller
row delcribed, has a little Acrimony it it, which
will caufe one to fpir, after chewing it a while in
the Mouth.

VI. The third,' or Yellow Loofe-Hrife round
headed. Jts Roots are long, creeping under Ground
with many Joints therein , and jhootmg forth Fibres
at every one of them. The Stalks of this Plant rife
not up to be above a Foot in Height, bearing only
two Leaves, and no more at a Joint, which are
fhorter and narrower, yet very like to thofe of the
Common fort, and of a pale green Color. At the
Joints of the Stalks, which are creHed and hollow,
with the Leaves come forth long Stalks of Flowers,
without any Leaves on them, which are clofe fet
together, almoH round, or rather of an oval Form,
but yet (hewing the fmall yellow Flowers, confift-
ing of five Leaves apiece.

VII. The Places. The firft grows in many places
of England , in moift Medows, and by Water-fides,
especially along the Medows, as you go from Lam-
beth to Rattcrfey. near London, Stc. The lecond

grows alfo near Hill Rivers and Water-fides, .and in
Valleys and moift Fields, it is a Native of the Hills
in Auftria, and of the moift Fields on the Alps.
The third Lobe l found in the Ditches near Gaunt in
Flanders, and among Reeds near Amfterdam in Hol-
land and Clufius fays, that it was alfo found in
places near the Alps. With us the two laft are on-
ly nurfed up in Gardens.

VIII. The Times. All thefo Plants flower in
June and July to Auguft, and the Seed is perfected
fome time af ter.

IX. The Qualities. Loofe-ftrife is cold and dry
in the end of the firft Degree j AHringent, Trauma-
tick, and Cofmetick.

X. T he Specification. It is an excellent thing for
curing Wounds in any Part, to Hop Bleeding inward
or outward, as alfo tocure fore Throats, and help Dif-
eafes of the Eyes.

XI. The Preparations. The Plant moft ufed in ,
Phyfick, is the firft or Common great yellow Kind,
from which you may have, 1 . A liquid Juice or
EJJence. 2. A Decoflion. 3. A Clyfter. 4. A Fu-
migation. 5. An Ointtnent. 6. A CataplaJ'm of the
green Herb bruifed. 7. A dift tiled. Water. S. An
Acid Tintture.

TJje Virtues.

%

XII. The liquid Juice or EJJence. It is of an ex-
ceeding binding Quality, and therefore Diofcorides
fays it is good to ltay alL manner of Bleedings at
Mouth orNofe, or of Wounds, or any other Bleed-
ing whatfoever : it flops all Fluxes of the Belly,
even the Bloody-flux it felf, given either to drink,
or taken as a Clyfter ^ it flops alfo the Over-flow-
ing of the Terms in Women. It is of good Ufe for
green Wounds, to flop their Hemorrhage, and to
conglutinate their Lips, being applied to them. It
is often ufed as a Gargle for fore Mouths, and to
cure Sores and Ulcers in the fecret Parts. It is be-
neficial for the Eye- fight, and of good Ufe to clear
the Eyes of any thing gotten into them. Dole
two, three, or four Spoonfuls.

XIII. The Decoflion in Wine or Water. It has.
all the Virtues of the Juice or EfTence, but much
weaker, and may be given in any of the Cafes afore-
mentioned, from three Ounces to eight Morn-
ing and Night. It makes an excellent Gargle
for fore Mouths and Throats, as alfo old Sores and
running Ulcers in other Parts of the Body.

XIV. The Clyfter. It is made of the liquid Juice
or E fence two parts , Chicken-Broth one part : mix
them for a Clyfter. It is good againll a Diarrhea,
Dyfenteria and Lienteria, and other Weakneftes of
the Bowels.

XV. The Fumigation. It is found by Experience,
that the Smoak of Loofeftrije being burned, drives
away Flies and Gnats, and other fuch like trouble-
fome InfeUs, which abound near Fenns, Marfnes,
Water-fides and Pools, which are troublefome by
biting and fucking the Blood in the Night Seafon,
leaving Marks and Spots upon the Skin. It is laid
alfo to drive away Serpents and other Venomous
Creatures, being made where they ufually haunt.

XVI. The Ointment. Take Bees-Wax, Sugar,
Oil Olive , Beef-Suet , of each an Ounce j Juice of
Loofe-ft rife jour Ounces : mix and boil all together
in Balneo to the Confftence of an Ointment. I know
fome, inftead of Oil and Suer, ufo May Butter, but
that I avoid, becaufe the Butter will quickly make
the Ointment grow rank. It is an excellent riling
againll Wounds and Punflures of the MulcL
Nerves and. Tendons : let Tents be dipt in it, and
put into the Wound, and the place covered with r-
Linnen. Cloth doubled, and Ipread with the Oint-
ment.

Chap. 453. ‘Englifb Herbs. 6 5 1

menr. This was experimented on a Captain, who
was Shot in two places with Bullets, the one thro’
his Bteft, the other thro’ his Thigh, who was per-
featy cured of both Wounds without any Scar, on-
ly by applying them as aforefaid, after he could not
be cured by other Medicines. It alfo cleanfes and
heals all foul Ulcers and Sores wherefoever, and a-
bates their Inflammations, they being alfo walhed
with the diltilled Water.

XVII. T be Cataplafm. It is made of the green
Herb, being beaten in a Mortar. It is good to flop
the Bleeding in green Wounds, and to conglutinate
the Lips of fimple Wounds and heal them, being
applied. Ufed to the Inflammations of Wounds or
Ulcers, it abates the Inflammation, and eales the
Pain.

XVIII. The diflilled Water. It is a prefent Re-
medy for Hurts and Blows on the Eyes, as alfo for
Blindnefs, provided the Cryftalline Humor is not let
out, or the Sight it felf pefilhed. This Experiment
was found true upon a Boy, whofe Eye by Chance
was prickt, who was reftored to his Sight thereby.
There was alfo another who was hurt in the Eye by
a Dart, and was cured by applying this Water only
to the fame. This Cure has been performed by this
Water upon feveral Petfons, by one who kept it as
a Secret for a long time. It is of good Ule to clear
the Eyes from Duff, external things fallen into them
as alfo from Mills, Clouds, Inflammations, Blood-
fhot, and other Dillempers which obfufeate the
Sight. It abates Inflammations in any Part, being
bathed therewith, laying over the fame a green Leaf
or two. This Water ufed as a Gargle very warm
and alfo fometimes drunk, cures the Quinfy in the’
Throat, and is helpful againlt Tumors and Ulcers
of the Kmgs-Evil. The laid Water applied warm
is faidto takeaway all Spots and Marks, Bifcolor-
ings and Scars in the Skin, caufed by the Small- Pox
Meafles, or the like. ’

XIX. The Acid hnchire. Given conltantly in
iomc proper Vehicle, fo much at a time as to make
it gratefully fharp, it will abate and exterminate
the Humors which caufe the Kings-Evil : it is pro-
bable againlt the Scurvy in all its Appearances : it
prevails againlt all forts of hot, burning, malign and
pe ti ential Fevers, yea, and cures the Plague or
Peltuence it felf. It powerfully quenches Thirft
opens Obitruchons of the Vifcera, ftrengthens the
Stomach, and caufes a good Appetite and Dige-

Solidagink Sarafemce aha fpecies Tragi ; Purple
| ’P“ed Loofe-itrife. a. Lyfimachia fpicata cxrulea ,
Lyjmachta flare cxruleo Clufij , Lyfmachia aendea
hortenfs Lobehj ; Pfeudolyfimachium Cxrulcum TV?*.
doniei & Ludgunenfs ; Blew fpiked Loofe-ltrife.

Purple fpikgcl Lovfe-flrife.

The Defcriptions.

CHAP. CCCCLIII.

Of LOOSE-STRIFE Spiked,

0 R.

WILLOW-HERB with fpiked
Heads of Flowers.

I-'J'ffE Karnes.

It is called in Greek Avcuuu-
*©- : in Latine , Lyfimachia fpicata-

and m JWM Spiked Loofe-fnfe'ot Willow-Herb,
01 Tocfefhfle with fpiked Heads of Flowers.

u. the Kinds. There are two forts of this
riant, viz. r. Lyfimachia fpicata purpurea , Lvl ?-
macha altera Mattbicli , Lyfmachia Plimana Labe-
T h jW*.™ purpurea Communis major Clufi ■
Pfeuaolyfmachium purpupeim alterum Dodonji ■

III. T he fir n, or Purple fpiked Loofe-itrife, h.u
a Root which creeps under Ground like unto the Yel-
low, but k greater than it , andfo are the Heads of
Leaves, when they firfi appear out of the Ground
and. are more brown than thofe of the Yellow It’
grows up with many woody fquare Stalks, full of
Joints, about three Feet high or more ; at everv
one whereof ftand two long Leaves, not altogether
fo great and large as thofe of the Common Fellow
but lnorter, narrower, and of a deeper green Color’
and fome brownifh : the Stalks are-fpread out into
many long Branches or Stems of fpiked Flowers
halt a foot long or longer, growing in Bundles one
above another, out of limit Husks, very like unto
the lpiked Heads of Lavender ; each of which
flowers have five round pointed Leaves, of a Pur-
ple Violet Color, or fomewhat enclining to Rednefs ■
m which Husks ftand fmall round Heads, after the
flowers are fallen, in which is contained fmall
Seed.

IV. Thefecond, or Blew fpiked Loofe-itrife Its

Root creeps not as the firft does , but floats forth ma-
ny Sprouts round about it , by which it doc's much en-
creaje. This Plant grows fomewhat lower than
the former with fome Branches in like manner at
the tops of the fquare Stalks, and with dark green
and narrower Leaves, fet by Couples at the Joints
towards the tops, but with three or four at a Joint
iower, fomewhat more deeply fnipr or dented about
the edges. The Flowers grow in the fame manner
as the former do, in long fpiked Heads, fet round
about with blew Flowers, of four Leaves apiece
which turn into fmall flat Heads, with brownifh
beed therein. Oooo’ V. The

Salmon s Herbal Lib* I.

V. The Vlaccs. The firft grows ulually by Ri-
vers and Ditch-fides in wet Grounds, as upon Lam-
beth fide, about the Ditches there in many places ;
as alfo under the Bilhop's fioufe-Wall at Lambeth,
b v the Thames fide. It grows in places ot great
Moifture, yea, almolt in running Streams, as well
as in Handing Waters hard by them, and in moilt
Ditches in moll places of England. The fecond
grows in Aujlria and other places of Germany plen-
tifully. Gerard fays, that it grows YVild m many
places of this Kingdom ; but it is ufually nurled up
with us in Gardens.

VI. The Times. Thev both flower m the Months
of June and July , and fometimes longer ; and the
Seed is ripe not long after.

VII. The futilities. Specification, Preparations
and Virtues of thefe, are the lame with thofe of
the firll Yellow Kind in the foregoing Chapter ; and
the firll of thefe is not inferior to that ; but in the
Opinion of fome Phyficians, luperior thereto : and
therefore to the former Chapter you are referred.

CHAP. CCCCLIV.

O/L O O S E-STRIFE not fpiked,

0 R,

WILLOW-HERB with difper-
fed Flowers.

confilt of fix fmall re&difh purple Leaves, with
fome Threads in the middle.

IV. T be fecond, or Leah purple-flowered Loofe-
itrite not fpiked, or Leafl purple Willow-Herb. It
•has a fmall , long and brown Root , from whence it
rifes up (being the leaf Kind ) to be about a Foot
high. The Stalks branch forth themfelves from the
very bottom, and are fet thick with fmall,. long and
narrow Leaves, almolt like thofe of Line or Flax,
but fhorter •, with whom, at the Joints, come forth
the Flowers, fometimes two at a place, but more
ufually one, Handing in green Husks, like unto the
laft, compofed of five fmall blewifh purple Leaves,
enclining to red : in which Husks, after the Flow-
ers are fallen, Hand fmall skinny. Heads, wherein is
contained fmall whitifh Seed.

V. The Places. The firll grows in moifi Medows
and Grounds near unto Water-Couffes, as alfo in
wet places about Ditches and moil! Woods. The
fecond grows in the like wet places alfo. The firH
is a Native of Hungary, as we gather from Clufius.
The fecond grows in Italy and Germany : but with
us they are only nurfed up in Gardens.

VI. The Times. They both flower in June aDd
July, as the former do, and perfect their Seed in
fome fmall time after.

VII. The Qualities , Specification, Preparations
and Virtues of thefe, are laid to be the fame with
thofe in the two former Chapters : and it is not to
be doubted, they being fo like in Face and outward
Form unto them, as alfo in Smell and Tafle, and
other Properties, and as being a Specie of the fame ^
and therefore we refer you to Chap. 452, where
they are handled at large.

1. 't* H E Karnes. It is called in Greek, Aw uul%@-

X : in Latine, Lyfimachia non fpica-

ta ■, and in Englijh, Loof e-fir if e not fpiked, or
Willow-Herb with difperfed Flowers.

II. The Kinds. There are two forts of this Plant
alfo, viz. 1. Lyfimachia purpurea non fpicata, vel
rubra minor, Lyfimachia purpurea fee unda five mi-
nor Clufij, Lyfimachia rubra non filiquofa Bauhini , *
The fmall purple-flowered Loofe-Hrife not fpiked,
or Leffer purple Willow-Herb. 2. Lyfimachia pur-
purea non fpicata minima, five rubra minima, Lyfi-
machia rubra minima Clufij , Lyfimachia linifolia j
purpurea cjtrulca Bauhini, The lealt purple-flowered
Loofe-flrife not fpiked, or Leaf! purple Willow-
Herb.

The Descriptions.

III. The firft, or Small purple-flowered Loofe-
Hrife not fpiked, or Leffer purple Willow-Herb.
Its Root creeps not as the others do, but is hard, and
fomewhat woody, with many fmall Fibres fpringing
from the fides thereof. This fmall Herb is much
lower than that of the Purple fpiked Head , or firH
Kind deferibed in the former Chapter, being but a-
bout a Foot and half high, with fmooth and fquare
Stalks, whofe tops are parted into many Branches :
on the lower part thereof Hand long Leaves, fmal-
ler and narrower than the other purple fpiked Head
in the laH Chapter •, two always fet together at a
Joint, one againH another ; but thofe which grow
towards the tops of the Stalks, are fmaller than
the lowermoH, and keep not that Order, but Hand
confufedly thereon, one above another } near unto
which, at the Joints with the Leaves, come forth
leyeral Flowers, but not Spike-fafhion, ufually in
fix fquaie Heads, whofe tops are not fo pointed,
nor laid fo open as in the other, but being more
elofe, thruft forth their Flowers out of them, which

CHAP. CCCCLV.

Of LOOSE-STRIFE Codded,

0 R,

Codded WILLOW-HERB.

I. t~jrs H E Names. It is called in Greek, tweiuL.

1 ao CaSnf : in Latine, Lyfimachia filiquofa
and in Englijh, Codded Loof e-fir if e, or Codded Wil-
low-Herb.

II. The Kinds. Of this Plant Authors have re*
Counted the following Species, viz. 1. Lyfimachia
filiquofa angufi folia, Cham.<nerium Gef fieri difla,

( but this latter Name more properly belongs to the
leventh Species following •, and Gcfncr himfelf ra-
ther calls this firH Kind, FzaoCisp, Epilobium , a
Word made of three, i. e. Lb qi{Jd vi0ld,

id efi flos fuper filiqua nafeitur, of which he ac-
counts fix leveral forts, at the end of Cordus his
HiHory of Plants,) The narrow-leaved Codded
Loofe-Hrife. 2. Lyfimachia Cbam.rnerium dilla Al-
pina , The Mountain Codded Loofe-Hrife, 3. Ly-
fimachia filiquofa major. Onagri genus . alteram Cc-
Jalpini, The greater Codded Loofe-Hrife. 4. L\(fi
machia filiquofa minor vulgaris fylvefiris. The Wild
leffer Codded Loofe-Hrife. 5. Lyfimachia filiquofa
fylvefiris hirfuta. The hairy Wild Codded Loofe-
Hrife. 6. Lyfimachia filiquofa Virginiana, The Vir-
ginian Codded Loofe-Hrife, or Tree Primrofe of
Virginia. 7. Onagra C&falpini, Pfeudolyfimachium
purpureum minus Dodcnxi, Chamxncrium Gefnen,
Cbanhxnerium flore Delphinij , Delphinium Buccinum
Lobelij, as it is thought, which yet Parkinfon will

hardly

Chap* 455s ‘EngUJh Herls.

653

hardly allow of-, Willow-Flower, or Leffer purple
Ballard Loofe-ftrife. 8. Lyfimacbia cxrulea galeri-
culata , Hooded Loofe-ftrife. This is taken to be a
Kind of Gratiola , and which we have already de-
fcribed in Chap. 589. Sett. 4. aforegoing 5 and it
fecms that it is rather a Kind of Hedge- Hyjfop, than
any of the forts of Loofe-ftrife , becaufe of its ex-
tream Bitternefs, and that it has hooded Flowers 5
both which are proper to the Gratiola , and not to
the Lyfimacbia : and fome have properly enough
called it Gratiola car idea , Blew Hedge-Hyffop,
with other Names, as you may fee in Sett. 2. of the
aforefaid Chapter : However, in this Chapter we
fhall give you the proper Cut or Figure of the laid
Plant, which was omitted there.

T he Descriptions,

III. The fir ft ^ or Narrow-leaved Codded Loofe-
ftrife. It has a Root which creeps after the fame
manner which the Yellow and Blew do. It rifes up
with hard Stalks , fometimes two , and fometimes
three feet higf\ with many very narrow long green
Leaves thereon , fomething like unto Rofemary
Leaves , fet very thick , two at a Joint ^ thofe below
being fhorter than thofe higher up. At the tops of
the Stalks come forth many Flowers, made of four
fmall round pointed Leaves, of a fine reddifh Color,
and fome Threads in the middle, every one Hand-
ing on the top of a fmall, long, almoft fquare Cod,
whitifh on the outfide, and fluffed with fine Cotton
or Down ^ within which does lie bright red Seeds.
Thefe Cods with Seeds therein appear before the
Flowers break forth at end of them, upon which
fome have called it Fill vs ante Fatrem. This Codded
Loofe-ftrife we have put in the firft place, for its
Rarity and Beauty, as well as for its fpecial Quali-
ties and Virtues. Gefner , Clufivs and Thalius fay,
that there is another of this Species, fiore albo ,
with white Flowers,onot differing in any thing elfe
from that even now deferibed.

IV. The fccond , or Mountain Codded Loofe-
ftrife. It has a Root which creeps not , but is eom-
pbfed of many Fibres , which whether it be Annual or
Perennial has not yet been obferved. It has very
lhort Stalks, feldom exceeding a Foot in Height,
on which grow very narrow Leaves, like unto the
former, yet fome longer than others, and let with-
out Order ; for the fmaller come fometimes from
the middle of the longer, and fometimes Hand at
the Joints. At the tops of the Stalks Hand the
Flowers, upon flender long purplilh Stalks, and
fometimes whitifh, of a purplilh or reddifh blew
Color, and in fome of a whitifh blew Color, con-
lifting of four pretty large Leaves, even as great as
the former, which the Smallnefs of the Plant does
fcarcely admit of, with fome Threads in the middle,
every one of them Handing in a fmall Husk, com-
pofed of four fhort green Leaves, in which, after
the Flowers are fallen, grow up fmall long Pods or
Cods, with fmall Seed in them, enclofed in Down
like the other.

V. The third , or Greater Codded Loofe-ftrife.
It has a Root which is fomewhat great and white ,
creeping every way under the Earth , and quickly
pojfejfmg a good quantity of Ground , which ( tho3 the
Stalks die away every Tear) abides all the Winter.
This Greater Loofe-ftrife (hoots forth fevtfral round
green Stalks, a Yard high at the leaft, bearing there-
on at the feveral Joints, two Leaves apiece, which
are fomewhat like to the Common yellow Loofe-ftrife ,
but fmaller and fmoother, green on the upper fide,
and of a yellowifh green underneath, and dented a-
bout the edges. The Stalks fend out from the mid-
dle upwards, many Branches at the tops whereof
come forth many, fmall long Pods or Cods, of a

whitifh green purple Color, wherein the reddifh
Seed lying in its Down, is contained. And at their
ends, after they have appeared a good whHe, come
forth the Flowers, confiiling of four round pointed
Leaves apiece, with fome Threads in the middle,
of a faint reddifh or purplilh Color. Of this Kind
there is another fort found, fiore albo , with white
Flowers, but it is very rare.

Greater Codded Loofe-ftrife.

VI. The

^54

Salmons “Herbal.

VI. The fourth , <?/■ Wild leffer Codded Loofe-
ftrife. Its Root is but J mall and fibrous , dying a-
tuay every Tear. This lelfer fort grows Wild in
many places, and rifes up nearly two Feet high,
but in fome places not above a Foot high, with
fmaller Stalks and narrower Leaves, not fo green,
but rather of a greyifh dufty green Color, l'pread
out into feveral Branches, bearing its Flowers, of
four Leaves apiece, at the ends of long Pods or '
Cods, of a deeper red Color, as the former does,
and has like Seed involved in Down, but fmaller.

VII. The fifth , or Hairy Wild Codded Loofe-
ftrife. This in its Leaves , Cods and Flowers , man-
ner of Growing , Height , and yearly Dying away , is
like unto the lajl deferibed -, the only Difference be-
tween them, is, that the Leaves are more hairy, and
as it were woolly, and the Flowers alfo fmall and
paler.

VIII. The fixth , or Virginian Codded Loofe-ftrife.
Its Root is longifh , white, and about the thicknefs of
ones Thumb ; from whence groios up a tall Stalk , di-
vided into many Branches , of an over-worn Color ,
and a little hairy. The Leaves are like^kpfe of the
Globe-headed yellow Kind, but fomewyat finuated
along the edges , and having their middle Veimof a
wh'ttifh Color. Towards the tops of the Branches,
among the Leaves, come forth very pretty thick
Cods, which growing fmaller on their tops, fuftain
very fine large Flowers, conlifting of four Leaves a-
piece, with a Peltle in the middle, upon which
Itand four yellowifh Thrumbs in fafhion of a Crofs.
And there are alfo eight Threads, with their Poin-
tels in the middle of them. Thefe Flowers have
fomething-of the Smell of a Primrcfe , wrhence Par-
kin] on gave it the Name of Tree Pnmrqfe of Vir-
ginia. After the Flowers are fallen, the Cods grow
to be about two Inches long, being thicker below,
and fharper on the top or end, and fomething twi-
ned, which at length open themfelves into four
parrs, to fcatter their Seed, which is black and
fmall: this being -fown, grows not the firft Year
into a Stalk, but fends up many Ia*geT.ehves, ly-
ing handfomely one upon another, R^fafhdon.

IX. The /event h, or Willow-Flower,' or Leffer

purple Baftard Loofe-ftrife, called alfo by Gerard,
Role-bay Willow-Herb. Its Roots are like the Roots
oj Lyfimachia, or Common yellow Loofe-ftrife,
but greater , running and fpr ending under Ground ,
and J. hooting up in many places , whereby it quickly
fills a Ground which it is pleafed to grow in : the
Root is perennial , but the Stalks die away every
Tear, Spring ing up ajrefh in many places far af un-
der. This Root fends up many .ftrong, woody,
round, brownifh great Stalks, three or four Feet
high, befet here and there without Order, with one
broad and 1 g uhitilh green Leaf at each Joint,
loir, e thing like unto Loofe-ftrife or Willow-Herb, as
alio unto a Peach Leaf, but larger and longer. At
the tops of the Branches Itand many Flowers, one
above another, of a pale, reddifh, purple Color,
confiding of live L : , l'pread open, with an Heel

or Spur beh‘ hem, and many yellow Threads in
the middle, much larger than any Larksfpur Flow-
er, ar.d fmelling fr .nething fweet withal. It bears
a fiiew of long Pods or Cods with Seed, but the
Seed has never been obiervable.

X. The eighth , or Hooded Loofe-ftrife. It has
a Root which is Jr; all and fibrous , difperfing it J elf
under the Earth Jar abroad , by which it much in-
creafes. It has many fmall tender Stalks trailing
upon the Ground, befet with divers Leaves, fome-
what fnipt about the edges, of a deep green Color,
like i’ i he Leaves of Scordium or Water Germander
am.::: which are placed feveral lmall Bell-Flowers’
faftiioned like a little Hood, in fhape refembling

thole of Ale-hoof. Thus Gerard. Bui efteeming
this Plant to be rather a Kind of Gratioia than a
Lyfimachia , we have given a more ample Defcripti-
on thereof in Chap. 389. Sell. 4. aforegoing, to
which you are referred; but whereas the Figure is
wanting in that place, we have caufed it to be put
in here.

Hooded Loofe-ftrife,

XL The Places. The firft grows more often in
moift Grounds, than in dry ; but Gefner and others
Hy, that it grows in fuch places as. are open to the
Sun all Day, yet it will fcarcely live in our Gar-
dens, unlefs it be put in Tome fhady place. The
iecondis a Native of the Alps , with us it is nurfed
in Gardens. The third grows in feveral moift pla-
ces, and in the Shade. The fourth, fifth and fixth
grow Wild in -dry Grounds, as by the Way-fides
and in Lanes and Borders of Fields. . But the Virgi-
nian grows with, us only in Gardens. The feventh
grows in Torkfhire in a place called the Hook , near
to a Clofe called the Cow-Piflure/from whence it
has' been tranfplanted into Gardens, it being a very
goodly Plant to behold for Ornament fake, and
ir generally grows in the out Corners of
Gardens , to augment the Number of pleafant
Flowers. The eighth grows by Ponds and Water
fides, alfo in St. fames' s Park , and In Tuthil-Fields ,
and many otherplaces, in wet low Grounds, and by
Warer-fides. The firft is alfo found growing in
moift Medows, efpecially in the Grounds as you
go from Lambeth to Batter fey , and in many other
places throughout the Kingdom. The third grows
near Water, and in • Watery places, and fometimes
in the Water it felf for the moft part. The fourth
grows near the Thames fide, near Redriffe , and up-
on the Bank of the' Thames, _ among the Planks
which hold up the fame Bank. The eighth grows
near to the Banks of Rivers and Water-Courfes ;
and it has been found growing in a watery Lane
leading from Theobalds to the backfide of formerly
the Lord Treafurefs Houfe. The feventh is ‘ ac-
counted a Baftard Kind of Loofe -fir if e, but it is the

molt

Chap. 456. ‘Englijb Herbs.

65

moft goodly and ftately Plant of all the reft, having
Leaves like the Greateft or Largeft Willow : the
Branches co?ne out of the Ground in great Numbers ,
growing to the height of about fix Feet, adorned with
brave Flowers , of great Beauty , conjifting of four
Leaves apiece ( as aforefaid ) of an Orient purple
Color , having fome Threads in the middle , of a yel-
low Color ; after "which are Cods , long and full of
Down, which when opened , flies away with the
Wind.

XII. The Times. Moft of thefe Herbs flower
thro’ all June and July , and fometimes till Auguft -,
hut the leventh, or Willow-flower, flowers in May,
and continues a long time in flowering.

XIII. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations ,
and Virtues of thefe Codded Loofe-JIr/fes, are the

. lame with thofe of the Common yellow Loof e fir if e
in Chap. 45:2. aforegoing : but the Virtues, &c. of
the Hooded Loof e-flrife, being the fame with Gra-
tiola or Hedge- Hyffop , you may fee them in Chap.
588. and 389. aforegoing of this Work.

CHAP. CCCCLVI.

Of L O V

AGE Common
German.

and

I. 'T' HE Names.

_L known to the Creeks.

This is a Plant which was un-
and therefore can
have no Greek Name ; hut it is called in Letine,
Levifiicttm. , Libyfticum O’ Smyrmum Fucbfij , Lafer-
pi ham tertium Dodonjei, Hippofelinum Diofeoridis ,
according to Lugdunenfis , but this I believe is a
Miltake, for I cannot find that thofe Ancients knew
any thing of it ; it is alfo by Bauhinu s accounted a-
mong the Libanotiies , and is thought to be the Li-
banotis ferti/is Theophrafii : in Englijh , Lovage.

II. The Kinds. We have only two Species of
this Plant, viz. I. LeviJUcum vulgare , LeviJUcum
bortenfe vel fativum , Our Common Garden Lovage.
2. LeviJUcum Germanicum, LeviJUcum vulgare
Germamcum , German Lovage.

Tbht Descriptions.

III. Tl. iefirft, or Our Common Garden Lovage.
It has a Root which grows great and deep , fpreading
much, and enduring long , of a brovmijh Color on the
out fide, and whitijh within. It has many long and
great Stalks of winged Leaves , divided into many
parts, fomewhat like unto Smallage, but much larger
and greater , every Leaf being cut about the edges,
broadell at or towards the end , and fmallefi at the
Stalk , of a fad green Color , fmooth and Jhining.
From among which rife up feveral ftrong and hol-
low green Stalks, five or fix Feet high, and fome-
times feven or eight Feet high, according to the
Goodnefs of the Soil, full of Joints and fuch like,
but lelTer Leaves fet at them than thofe which grow
below. And with the Leaves come forth towards
the tops, long Branches, bearing at their tops large
Umbels of yellow Flowers, like unto thofe of the
Wild Tarfnep ; and after them fiat brownilh Seed,
huger by much than Dill, but leffer than that of
garfneps, and tjiicket alfo.

Common Lota age.

German Lovage.

IV. The fecond, or German Lovagf It differ :
not much from the aforegoing, but chiefly in the fol-
lowing things. Whereas the Roots of the former are
great and thick, and not at all fibrous, in this they
are fnall and very full of fibrous Strings : and the
Flowers of the former are yellowifh, but in this they
| are Vihitej as Dodonzus fays, and of the fame Mag-

niutde

Herbal. Lib. L

656 SalmonV

nitude and form. The whole Plant, and every part
thereof, both in the former and in this, have a
fomewhat Prong and aromatick Smell, as alfo a hot
and fharp biting Tape. The Figure of this latter
we have given you from Camerarius his Epitome of
Matthiolus.

V. The P laces. They grow r.o where Wild in.

Europe , but are only planted in Gardens, where
they generally profper very well, and will grow
large and great, if fufFered.

VI. The Times. They Power for the moP part
in July and Augufl , and the Seed is ripe in Augufl
or September , or in fome fhort time after their
Flowering.

VII. The Qualities. Lovage is hot and dry in
the third Degree, of fubtil and thin parts. Aperi-
tive, DigePive, Abfterfive, Carminative, Diuretick,
Cephalick, Neurotick, Stomatick, Nephritick, Hy-
Perick, and Alexipharmick.

VIII. The Specification. It powerfully provokes
Urine and the Courfes, as much as any of the Kinds
of Parjley\‘ powerfully refiPs Poyfon, gives Ealein
the Colick, and prevails againP Agues; Quinfies,
Pleurifies, Cfc.

IX. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. A Juice of the Root. 2. An Effence of the
Root. 3 . A Decottion or Injufion of Herb , or Root ,
or Seed, or of all oj them. 4. A Ponder of the Root.
9. A Ponder of the Seed. 6. A Preferve of the
Root. 7. A Pickle of the Root. 8. A Qataplafm of
the Herb. 9. A dijlilled Water of Herb, Root , or
Seed , or of all of them. 1 0. A Spirit of the Seed.
1 1. An Oil of the Seed. 1 2. An Elixir oj the Seed.
13. A Spirituous Tintture oj the Seed. 14. An
Acid Tintture of the Seed. 1 5. An Oily Tintture
of the Seed.

The Virtues .

X. The Juice of the Root. It is made by beating
it in a Mortar, and wafbing it out with Water or
Wine , &c. It digcPs and cuts crude and tough Hu-
mors, caufes Expectoration, wonderfully provokes
Urine and the Terms, confumes fuperPuous Moi-
fture, and therefore is good againP the Dropfy, ea-
fes Gripings of the Bowels and the Colick, and re-
fiPs Poyfon, and the Infection of the Plague. Dofe
two, three or four Spoonfuls at a time, as the Phy-
fician fhall think fit.

XI. The Ejfence of the Root. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Juice * befides which, it admirably
quenches ThirP, whether in a Fever, or out of a
Fever, or from what Caufe foever. It is prevalent
againP all forts of Agues Quotidian, Tertian or
Quartan, fimple or compound, expels Wind, and
eafes all Pains of the Vifcera proceeding from a
cold Caufe. Dofe from two Spoonfuls to four.

XII. The Decottion or Infufion of Herb, Root , or
Seed. They have all the Virtues of the Juice and
Effence, but mup be given in much larger quanti-
ties, as from a quarter of a Pint to halt a Pint j it
quenches ThirP much, is good againlt Poyfon, and
refills the Force of malignant Fevers : and ufed as
a Gargle, it is. good againlt a fore Mouth and
7’hroat : and drunk down, it is profitable againP
the Pleurily, Pains and Stitches in the fide.

XIII. The Ponder of the Root. It may be given
from half a Dram to a Dram in Wine, to warm
and comfort ’the Stomach, expel Wind, eafe the
Colick, provoke the Appetite, and help Dige-
Pion.

XIV. The Ponder of the Seed. If it is taken to
a Dram for feveral times, in a Glafs of Wine or 0-
ther fit Vehicle, it is good againP the Pleurily and

Colick, provokes Urine and the Terms powerfully,
and prevails againP Sand, Gravel, Stone or Tarta-
rous Matter in the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, and
has indeed all the Virtues of the Juice, Effence, De-
coCiion and Pouder of the Root •, but as it is in the
grols Body, fo it is longer before it comes into Act,
and therefore Allowances mulf be given for the time
of its Operation.

XV. The Preferve of the Root. It is cordial and
Pomatick, expels Wind, comforts the Vifcera,
warms the Stomach, and caufes DigePion : it may
be eaten as other fweet Meats are.

XVI. The Pickle of the Root. It is an admirable
thing to provoke Appetite, warm a cold Sto-
mach, and caufe a good DigePion.

XVII. The Cataplafm of the Herb. The Leaves
being bruifed, are Fried in a Frying-pan, or other
proper Veffel, with Hogs Lard, and fo made into a
Poultice. Applied hot to any Botch or Boil, it
quickly brings it to Suppuration, and breaks it.

XVIII. The dijlilled Water of the Herb, Root, or
Seed, or of all of them. It is laid by Authors to be
good againP the Quinfey in the Throat, by gargling
the Mouth and Throat therewith. It is laid alfo
to help the Pleurify, if it is drunk three or four
times or oftner. The faid Water dropt alfo into
the Eyes, takes away their Rednefs and Dimnefs.
And ufed as a Lotion to the Face or Skin, it takes
away Spots and Pimples in the Face, and other Dif-
colorings, as Yellownefs, Tawninefs, 0V. of the
Skin.

XIX. The Spirit of the Seed. Mixt with fome
few Drops of Spirit of Harts-horn, or Volatile Spi-
rit of Man’s Blood, or of other Blood, it eafes the
Pain of the Stomach, gives prefent Relief in a
Pleurily and Quinfey, and cures the Colick. Dofe
from one Dram to two, three or Tour, according to
the Age of the Patient and Force of the Difeafe.

XX. The Oil of the Seed. It has all the Virtues
of the Juice, Effence, DecoCtion, Pouder, Water
and Spirit, and may be given in all the Cafes for
which thofe things are given, from three Drops to
ten or twelve Drops : firP drop it into fine Sugar,
mixing them well together ^ then mix them with a
Glafs of Wine, or other Vehicle, and folet the Pa-
tient drink it up. It gives prefent Eafe in the Co-
lick.

XXI. The Elixir of the Seed. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Oil, but is much more fubtil and pene-
trating : it may be given from a Dram to two
Drams or more, in choice generous Wine, or in a-
ny other proper Vehicle. It is a mop excellent
.thing againP the Spotted Fever, and all other ma-
lign and pepilential Fevers ; as alfo againP the
Plague it felf

XXII. The Spirituous Tincture of the Seed. It
provokes Urine and the Terms in Women, facili-
tates the Birth, and brings away the After-birth,
prevails againP the Colick, Strangury, Stone, Sand,
Gravel, or Tartarous Matter in the Urinary Parts,
and eafes the After-pains of Women in Child-bed.
Dofe one Spoonful at a time, in a Glafs of Wine.

XXIII. The Acid Tintturc of the Seed. It may
be given to a grateful Acidity againP all forts of
burning, malign and pepilential Fevers, againP
which it cannot be given without Succefs $ and de-
Proys even the Poyfon and Effence of the Plague it
felf It Pops Vomiting, admirably Prengthens the
Stomach, and caufes a good Appetite.

XXIV. The Oily Tintture. It cures the Colick
upon the fpot, gives Eafe in the Strangury, pro-
vokes Urine and the Terms, facilitates the Birth,
and brings away the dead Child, giving Eafe in all
After-pains of Women in Child-bed. It is good a-
gainP Sand, Gravel and Stone, or Tartarous Mat-
ter

Chapi 457.

ter in the Reins, Ureters and Bladder ; and an ex-
cellent thing againft the Pally in Old or Young, ta-
ken inwardly in fome proper Vehicle Irom eight to
twenty Drops, and outwardly anointed upon the
Back-bone and other Parts affetted. Morning and
Night, for many Days together.

LOUSIE-GRASS, fee Hellebor black Wild, Chap.
350.

LOUSF.-WORT, fee Staves- Acre, Chip.

LOURY, fee Spurge Laurel, Chap.
LUNG-fLOW'tR, fee Gentian final! Chap. 1 1 2.
LUNG-WORT, ( the Herb ) fee Cowilip fpotted.
Chap. 158.

CHAP. CCCCLVII.

Of LUNG - WORT Golden

I.7 V 'HE A ames. It has no Greek Name that
X we know of; but is called in Latine, Put-
monaria , Pulmonaria cured, Pulmonaria Gallorum
Corchorm Da/echcmpij : in Eng/ijh, Lung-wort Gol-
den, and French Lung-wort.

II. The Kinds. There are two Kinds hereof, viz.

1. Pulmonaria Gallorum , Pulmonaria Gallica] Pul-
monaria aurea latifolia , Pulmonaria Gallorum Hie-
racij facie, Pulmonaria vera Tragi , (as the French
take it to be) Hieracium flore iureo, Pilofella ma-
jor, Pilofclla vel Auricula Murk major flore aureo
Chondnlla flore aureo , Corchorus Da/echcmpij Gol-
den Lung-wort, or Golden Moufe-Ear broad leaved

2. Pulmonaria Gallorum anguftifolia Lobelij ; Pulmo-
nfria GaUtca Anguftifolia ; Hieracium Murorum
Bcuhini -, Pulmonaria aurea anguftifolia, Pulmona-

H,eracth Golden Lung- wort, or
Golden Moufe-Ear, or trench Lung-wort narrow
leaved.

Golden Lung-wort.

Lbe Defcriptiotiir.

Go,den Lung-wort, at- Golden
Moufe-Ear broad-leaved. It he a Root which *
fibrous and Jinngy, which fpreads under Ground
and Jhoots up in divers other places , by which it
much increajes more especially if it grows in any
piece. brom this Root rife up many
21 hroad grefn ^aves, fpread upon the Ground^
fpotted with pale Spots, yet more confpicuous at
one time than at another, fomewhat hairy, bodt
on the upper and under fide, foft and unequally di-

theSt’alk CT7r°r y CUt in ^ deeP'ft nearer
the Stalk. Theie Leaves are of a dark green Color

fomenmes broader and (hotter, and fotnetiihes nar-
rower and longer, (whence Tabermemontanus makes
three forts of this, which yet are nothing but diffe-
rent Appearances of the fame Species.) From the
rK| Leaves rife up one, two or more
blackifh hairy Stalks, about a Foot and half or two
Feet high, bare or naked up to the top, or havNg
at molt no more than one Leaf apiece, and that a?
bout the middle of the Stalk. Thefe Stalks are di-
vided at their tops into feveral Branches, which bear
double yellow Flowers of an indifferent Bignefs jn

P°™,?r ?a p1011 al“oft of the Uawkweeds, or Com-
mon Moufe-Ear, of a deep Gold or Orange Tawney
prr °r> WIth(; fo”?e Threads in the middle, and of

ded ?he 1 ” •’ A£,er the Flowers ure fh-

fmal! hort1!? "T Down’ which “main

lmall (hott black Seed, which are commonly carried
away with the Wind when fully ripe. The whole
F aJH ,s 'tnlky, as the Hawk-weeds are.

nfihn v l Vi J 9 , DI&neJs, and Jometimes

of the Shape (but yet withal a little indented or finu -

0/ Daily Leaves, whitijh , and hairy or hoary.
'talk is about an handfnl Link 1

ated) ,

The Stalk is about an hZfR i|h, SdT ho7y'
and fet with many longilh narrow Leaves, and at
the top one (hott Foot-lfalk , it tears tour or five
Flowers, of a bright yellow Color, and pretty large
confidering the Smallnefs of the Plant. The Flow-
ers, like as others of this Kind, fly away in Down
and carry their Seed with them. ' *

Va ul PlmA Uicl fays the firft grows in the
fhady Woods of France near Lions and * Montpelier -
bu with us it is only nurfedup in Gardens, in Ihadv
ra her than in 1 funny places. Yet Mr. John Goodylr
found it in May 1632, in a Copfe in Goilyman in
Surry, adjoining to the Orchard of an Inikeeper
there whofe Sign was the Antilope. The ferond
was found growing in England by one WtlhamCm,
on a Hill in the then Lady Bridget Kine/miPs
Ground at Sidmonton , net far from H ewbury, m an
old Roman Camp, clofe by the Decuman f on ™
wards the Weft, South Weft, upon the Skirts of the

VI. The Times. The firft Flowers in Summer
and fomenmes again in September. Mr.

found it flowering in May 1651, in the placf I
fuppofe, afore-mentioned, and is faid to flower
from May to Auguft mi longer. The fecond flow-

CfS J"1]' and Auguft, about the latter cart

of which Month, they both ripen theit Seed. P

VII. A ota. It is to be taken notice of. That
there is another Plant which is called Pulmonaria

not nroWd ‘ 33 Which Name 1 chink

not to be to proper to that, as to this That is

A / Sp0"eiJj0ftf!‘Pi which fome call Sage of Jcru-

ranma Jr Def™PtI0ns of chc chief Kinds of which

are moKfit h58' a(oreS?inS> which Names
C tor it than this of Lung-wort , which

P-P p truly

Salmon V Herbal.

Lib. I.

truly belongs to the Plants defcribed in this Chap-
ter : in that. Chap. i;8. you have three of thel'e-
Plants defcribed. The Cut or Figure there inferred,]
belongs to the fecond of them, i iiz. the Bug/ofs-
leaved Jerufalcm CowJIip -, but the Figure of the.
firft or Common Kind , was there overllipt by the
Printer, which that it might not be wholly.loft or
forgotten, ( fince in this Chapter we treat of Lung-
wort ) we have caufed to be placed here.

Spotted Lung-wort , or Jerusalem Cowjlip.

VIII. The Qualities. Thefe Plants are temperate
in refpeft to Heat or Cold, and probably dry in the
firft Degree. They are Abfterfive, Aftringent, Vul-
nerary, Analeptick, and Peftoral.

IX. The Specification. They are peculiar for
healing of green Wounds, as alfo of Ulcers, and o-
ther Diftempers of the Lungs.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,

I. A Juice or E fie nee. 2. A Deco ff ion. 3. A Sy-
rup. 4. APouder. 5. AConferve. 6. A Cat a-
plafim. 7. An Ointment or Balfam. 8. A difiilled
Water.

The Virtues.

XI. The Juice or Efjence. Given inwardly to
two or three Spoonfuls, it is profitable againft a
Phthifis or Ulceration of the Lungs : being alfo in-
wardly taken, and outwardly applied, it conduces,
much to the cleanfing and healing of green Wounds.
If it is dropt alfo into the Ears, it takes away any
Noife, and eafes any pricking or (hooting Pain with
which they may be troubled.

XII. The Decotfion in Wine. It has the former
Virtues, but rauft be given in a larger Dofe. It is
an extraordinary Vulnerary, and good to be given to
wounded Patients inwardly (as the Phyfician (hall
direU) as well as outwardly to be applied.

XIII. The Syrup. It is PeUoral, good againft
Coughs, Colds, Hoarfenefs, Wheezing, Ulcers of
the Lungs, Excoriations of the Vifcera, and other
the like Difeafes of thofe Parts.

XIV. The Ponder. It has the Virtues of the Sy-
rup and Juice, and is peculiarly good againft an Ex-
coriation of the Stomach. Dofe from half a Dram
to a Dram, mixt with a little Honey, and fo fwal-
lowed. Outwardly applied to Ulcers and running
Sores, it cleanfes, drys, and induces their heal-
ing.

XV- The Confcrve. Ir is peculiar for the curing
of ulcerated Lungs and deep Confumptions, but
where it is not come to the degree of a Marafmcs ,
it ought to be taken four or five times a Day, drink-
ing after it half a Pint of warm Milk or more, and
to be continued for fome confiderable time.

XVI. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Herb by
boiling in Wine. It is good againft foul and run-
ning Sores and Ulcers, being applied to the Parts
affeUed : it Hops the Afflux of Humors, ftrengthens
the Part, and induces the healing.

XVII. The Ointment or Balfam. It is a lingular
Digeftive, cleanfes, drys, heals : but if it is imme-
diately applied to a fimple green Wound, it com-
monly conglutinates it, and heals it at one Intenti-
on. It is an admirable thing for curing of Whit-
loes.

XVIII. The d' f illed Water. It has the Virtues
of the Juice, Eftence and DecoUion, and may be
taken for Diftempers of the Lungs, fweetned with
fine Honey, or double- refined Sugar. Simple of it
felf, it is good againft internal Inflammations, and
hot Diftempers of the Stomach, Heart, Liver and
Lungs.

CHAP. CCCCLVIII.

Of LUNG - WORT Tree.

I-Hp-WE Names. This Plant was unknown to

_L the Greeks, but is called in Latino, Lichen
arbontm , Tulmonaria, and P ulmonaria fungofa,
Mufcus Fulmonarius , Lichenis gehus : in Engli/h ,
Tree Lung-wort, and by fome Tree Liver-wort.
It is called Tulmonaria or Lung-wort, from the
Likenefs it has to Lungs or Lights ; and by fome
called Oak Lungs.

II. The Kinds. It is a lingular Plant of the
Kind ; but by fome Authors is taken to be a Species
of the MoJJes, and therefore is by them called Muf-
cus : by others it is taken to be a Species of the
Mufbrooms, and therefore to the Name Tulmonaria ,
Label has added the Epithite fungofa, which I think
is proper enough.

T be Defcriptions.

III. The Leaves hereof are pretty large, and di-
verfy folded one in another, not fo Jmooth as Liver-
wort, but more wrinkled , rough and thick, almoft
like to a fell or hide, and tough withal. On the
upper fide it is whitilh, and on the neather fide
blackilh or dufty, fo that it feems after a fort to re-
ferable Lungs or Lights.

IV. Parkinfon fays it grows with broad Afh-colorei
Leaves , or of a greyijh Color and rough, varioufy
folded, crumpled and gajhei in on the edges ; and
fpotted alfo in fome places, with many finall Spots
on the upper fide. It is only a f oliofa, for it was
never feen to bear any Stalk ot Flower at any time.

V. The Tlaces. It grows upon the Bodies of old
Oaks, Beeches, and other Forteft Trees in dark and

thick

Chap, 459. Tlnglijh Hefhs.

thick Woods ^ and it is fometimes found alfo grow-
ing upon Rocks, and in other (hady places. That
which grows upon Oak is moft valuable, and molt
in Ule, and is by many called for that Reafon, Oak-
Lungs, as is before hinted.

VI. The Tunes. It is faid to he in its flourifhing
Condition thro’ all the Summer Months.

VII. The Qualities. It is temperate in refpeft to
Heat or Cold, and dry in the firit Degree. It is
Abllerfive, Aftringent, Traiimatick or Vulnerary,
Pectoral and Analeptick.

VIII. The Specification. It is peculiar for curing
of Confumptions^ more efpecially thofe which pro-
ceed from an Ulceration of the Lungs.

IX. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
1. A Pouder. 2. A Decottion in Wine . 3. A
Syrup.

The Virtues v

X. The Pouder. Given from half a Dram to
a Dram Morning and Evening, mixt with Honey,
or in fome proper Syrup, it deanfes, drys and heals
Ulcers of the Lungs, and thereby reftores fuch as
are in Confumptions. It is good again!! Inflamma-
tions of the Lungs, being diunk in Water. Shep-
herds and Farriers give it mixt with Salt, to their
Sheep and other Cattel with good Succefs, which
are troubled with the Cough, or are (hort or broken
Winded. Applied to bloody and green Wounds,
as, alfo Ulcers in the fecret Parts, it heals them :
and helps Women who are troubled with rhe Over-
flowing of the Terms. It is alio a very excellent
thing again!! the Bloody flux, and all other Fluxes
of the Bowels, given for lome little time in gene-
rous Wine, or given Clyftefwife. Given in Red
Wine, it is alfo profitable againlt Vomiting.

XL The Decoition in Wine. It has all the Virtues
of the Pouder, and may be given Morning, Noon
and Night with fome of the Syrup of the fame.
Ufed as a Gargarifm for a fore Mouth and Throat,
it quickly cures it. And is a good Lotion for Ul-
cers in any part.

XII. The Syrup. It is a thing of excellent Ufe
for fuch as are in Confumptions, or have an Ulcer
of the Lungs, cleanfing the fame, drying and indu-
cing the.healing. It is good again!! the Rickets in
Children, as alfo Coughs, Colds, Wheezing, Hoarf-
nefs, Shortnefs of Breath, Difficulty of Breathing,
vehement Catarrhs, Spitting of Blood, 0V.

CHAP. CCCCLIX.

Of the LUPIN E,

0 R,

FLAT - BEAN.

I- ' 1 1 H £ Karnes. It is called in Arabic k, Tar-

JL thus and Tormus : in Greeks ©if : in

Latine, Lupinus ; and in Eng/ijh , Lupine and Flat-
Bean.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral Kinds of this
clant, viz. 1. Lupinus fitrous. Lupi-

niss Jalivus dibits , The White Garden Lupine. 2.
Lupinus alter albus, The Ipotted White Lupine. 9.
Lap in us lutcus , Lupimis flore luteo , The Yellow
Lupine. 4. Lupinus cxruleus maximus , The greater
Blew Lupine. . 5. Lupinus car ule us minor. The lef-
fer Blew Lupine. 6. Lupinus cteruleus minimus ,

The fmallelt Blew Lupine. Where note. That the
Grains of the firit or Garden Lupine , are generally
called Litpini .- and Plautus calls them Aurum Q-
micum, becaufe they were ufed in Comedies inftead
of Money, when in any Scene thereof there Was a
ny Ihew of Payment.

White Garden Lupine.

The Defcriplions.

III. Thejhji , or White Garden Lupine, It hat
a Root which is not very great , but woody , and full
of j mall Fibres , by which it faftens it fclf ft rough in
the Ground , yet perijhes every Tear, as all the reft
of thefe Kinds do. It rifes up with a great round
Stalk, hollow, and fomewhat woolly, with feveral
Brarches, on which grow, on long Foot-flalks, ma-
ny Leaves, confifiing of five, fix or feven diftinS
parts, or other fmaller Leaves, equally Handing
round about as it were in a Circle, much like thofe
of the Chaft-Trec , of a whitifli green Color on the
upper fide, and white and downy on the under fide,
which in the Evening, about the fetting of the Sun’
hang a little flagging downwards, as if they were
a going to wither. Among thefe, at feveral Joints,
come forth Tufts of Flowers, Handing many toge-
ther, like unto Beans , of a white Color in lome
places, and in others of a very bleak Blew, tending
to white, and in others a pale or light blulh Color

( as Gerard has it.) After the Flowers are palt’
there come in their places great, long, broad, fiat
and rough Cods, in which are contained round and
fiat Seed, like a Cake, covered with a tough white
Skin, but yellowifh on theinfide, and of a very bit-
ter Tafle ; where they cleave unto the Cods in that
part, they have a certain Dent, like a little Navel.

IV. Thefeeond, or Spotted White Lupine. This
in its Root , Stalks, Branches , Leaves , Flowers , Seed ,
and manner of Growing , is altogether like to the for-
mer, five in the Magnitude , this Plant being lefs
than that and in the Flower, this being Ipotted
with Blew on rhe Heads of the innermoit Leaves,,
and in the Hollows of the uppetmoH.

Pppp 2

V. The

66o ■ Salmon s Herbal. Lib. L

V. The third , or Yellow Lupine. It is like to
the fir/l Garden One in Stalks and Flowers, zvhich
are both lejjcr and Jhorter , but the Leaves are larger
than thofe of the Small Blew Lup/ne. The Flow-
ers grow in rwo or three Bundles or Tufts round a- j
bout the Stalk and the Branches, of a beautiful, de-
licate, and exceeding fair Gold-yellow Color, in
Fafhion and Form like unto the other Kinds, being
larger than thofe of the Lejjcr Blew Lupine , but
nothing fo large as thofe of the Greater Kinds.
They are fweet of Smell, and made up into an Ear.
of the Color of the Tclloio Violet , and fomething of
the Smell. The Cods are fmall, hard, and fome-
what hairy. The Seeds are little, flat, and round,
ill-favoured, much about the Form and B:gnefs ot
the Small Blew , or fomewhat bigger, but tar leller
than thofe of the White Garden Kind , ol an extream.
bitter Tafte, of feveral Colors, or rather of a whi-
tifh Color on the outfide, fpotted with many
Spots.

VI. The fourth , or Greater Blew Lupine. The
Stalk of this Lupine is greater than that of the firm
or White Garden Kind, and the I.capet are more '
foft and woolly than thf'e. The blowers are of a
molt perfeft blew Color, with fome white Spots in
the middle. The Cods are long, rough, greenilh,
and very large or great, in which are contained
hard, fat and round Seed, not fo white on the out-
fide as the firft or Garden Kind, but fbmewhat yel-
lower, greater alfo, and more rough or hard in
handling.

VII. The fifth , or Lefler Blew Lupine. This
Kind of Wild Lupine differs not in the borm of Leaf
or blower from the former , but only that it rs much
fmaller $ the Leaves are greener , and have fewer
Divifions in them : the Flower is of as deep a blew1
Color as the laft. The Cods are fmall and long,
containing fmall round Seed, not fo hat as the for-
mer, but more difcolored or fpotted on theouthde,
than the Greater Blew fort is.

VIII. The fixtb, or Smalleft Blew Lupine. This
fmall Plant is very like unto the /afi defcribed in its
form and manner of its Growing : it is little or no-
thing woolly, but is fmaller both in its Stalks and
Leaves. The Flowers likewife are wholly blew,
as they are, or very leldom with a white Spot in
them. The Seed is fmaller alfo, and a little fpot-
ted.

IX. The Places. The firft is accounted the only
Garden or Tame Kind , the others are laid to be
Wild in the places where they are Natives. They
all require, as Theophrajhis fays, a landy and poor
Soil, and difficultly grow in tilled or rich Land,
becaufe they are naturally Wild Plants. The firft
is a Native in many places of Greece, and the Eaft -
ern Countries beyond it, where it was anciently
fown for their Food, being often watered to take a-
way the Bitternels. The Tallow Lupine is a Native
of Spain, from whence it was brought to us. The
Great Blew Lupine is thought to come from beyond
Perfia , and to be a Native of Car mania. The Lef-
fer Blew is found plentifully Wild in many places
both of Spain and Italy. The laft or Smallefi Blew
Lupine was brought by Boel out of Africa : but
they all grow' now in our Gardens, with fuch as are
great Lovers of Flowers.

X. The Times. They are planted in April, and
they bring forth their Fruit at two or three feveral
times, Teeming as if they did flower often, and
bring forth as many Crops. The firft flowers in
May -, the third in July , and fo alfo the fourth and
fifth •, the fixth in September , but that feldom comes
to Ripenefs ; bur the others, after the times of their
Flowering, Toon bring their Seed to Perfection.

XI. I he Qualities. Lupines , i. e. the Grain or
Meal, is hot and dry in the firft Degree 5 Aperitive
Dtgeltive, Diffolutive and Ablterfive, To long as
the Bittemefs remains in them *, but if that is taken
away by keeping in Water, they become of an
Earthy, clammy Subftance , Emplaftick, and hard
of Digeltion.

XII. The Specification. They are peculiar to o-
pen Obftru&ions of the Vifcera, provoke Urine and
the Terms, facilitate the Birth, expel the dead
Child, and kill Worms ; but rhefe things they do
as not divefted of their Bitternels.

Xill. I be Preparations. You may have there-
from, I A Meal. 2. A P afi e. f. A Decotfien
4. A Cataplafm. 5. An Ointment.

The Virtues.

XIV. The Meal. Strewed upon old rotten Sores
and Ulcers, it is faid to digeft, cleanfe, dry and
heal them. Mixt with Honey and Vinegar, and
given to drink, it kills Worms in the Belly. Boil-
ed in Lye, it cleanfes the Head and other Parts
Rom Ulcers, Scurft, Morphew, and other like De-
filements.

XV. the Ps/le. It is made of the Meal ofl*-
pinrs alter they have been lb often ot long Ifeeoed
in Water,' as to be divePed of all their B.trcrnefs,
whether it is made into Puddings or into Bread, it
leerns to be hard of DigelLon, end to breed no very
good Nourilhment, engendring grofs and clammy
Humors.

XV I. The PecoHitm inWine orWater. It is good
againll the loathing of Meat, and provokes Appe-
tite. Diank (weetned with Honey, it cures VVorm9
in the Belly, and it a little Rue and Pepper are ad-
ded to it, it will he fo much the more effectual.
Taken three or four Ounces Morning and Night,
it opens Obltruftions o! the Liver and Spleen, pro-
vokes Urine and the Terms, expels the Birth and
dead Child, as alfo the After-birth; and being ufed
as a Lotion or Walh, it is good againll Spots, Frec-
kles, Tanning, Sun-burning, Dilcolorings of the
Skin, Pimples, Scurff, Morphew, and other Defce-
dations of the Cutes : it alfo cleanfes, drys and
heals Scabs, running Sores, old Ulcers, and is laid
to take away the Marks of the Small-Pox, which
are left after healing ; as alfo all other black, blew,
red and yellow Spots of the Skin. The Decoftion
of the Root in Water being drunk, provokes Urine,
If the DecoUion of Lupines in Wine be made with
the Addition of Wormwood. , Cenlory , and Bay Salt
it is good to flop the running or fpreading of a
Gangrene, being applied thereto very hot ; and cor-
refts fpreading Ulcers, being applied very hot there-
to with Stuphs ot Tow or Flannel.

XVII. The Cataplafm. It is made of the bitter
Meal with Vinegar by boiling. Being applied, it
takes away Pimples, and diflolves Nodes or Ker-
nels ariling in feveral parts from the King's-Evil, or
other Caufes. It ripens and breaks hard Tumors
and Apoftems, and is laid alfo to break Carbuncles,
ifufed by a skilful Hand. Applied to the Stomach
and Belly, it helps to kill Worms in the Body, the
Decoftion being alfo given inwardly at the fame
time. It likewife cures Clefts, Kunchings out. Ul-
cers, and Fetus in Am , being for fome time appli-
ed to rhe Part.

XVIII. The Ointment. It is made of the bitter
Meal by mixing it either with Honey, or with the
Gall of an Ox, Sheep or Goat, or with both of
them. Externally applied, it has the Virtues of the
Decoction and Cataplafm ; fome ad'd alfo the Juice
of Limans to it, and lo it cleanfes the Face and
Skin of all Deformities accruing thereto, as Frec-
kles,

Chap. 460. UngUJh Herbs,

kies, Difcolormgs, Scurff, Morphew, Pimples, and
other Breakings out, ffe. It is good againft Scabs,
malign Ulcers, Ragades, liens in Ano, &c. being
duly applied. 5

XIX. Kola. Here is to be obferved, that the
Wild Lupine is Paid to be much the ttronger and to
exceed the Manured or Garden Kind , for all the
Purpofes aforementioned.

LUST-WORT, fee SumDew, Chap.

L\ NE or LINE, fee Flax, Chap. 267.

2 f ldies-Man4e. Qnp, 421.
t'vktS Snap-Dragon, Ohnp.

LSpQRT’^' Hellebor White, Chap , 3,1.
MAD-NEP, Jce Parliiep Cow, Chap.

yellow Husks with Seed of Bolbonoch , or Lunar'm
major, which is the White Sattirt , but that thefe are
(mailer, rougher and harder ; and in which lies
Imall, hat, reddilh Seed, in a double order, on both
lides of the thin middle Skin, which in this is nor
white, like that of the Sattirt, but elfe very like.

Greater Mad-wort of Diofcorides.

4

C HA P. CCCCLX.

10 morrjV • rii m:<: : ■■ ! 7 » .

Op M A D - V V O R T.

i- "P H E Karnes. It is called in Greek, ’AXvW

2 £»""> i and ini

httghjh Mad- wort • fo called becaufe it is a prefent
Remedy for the Biting of a Mad Dog, as Galen de
Am, dot, si, b. 2. writes, being an Herb very like to
tlorehound, but rougher, and more full of Prickles
bW the F1°WerS’ whidl are a Color ending to

II. T he Kinds. Authors have found out five fe-
vetal forts of this Herb , but by Reafon the molt of
them are not to be found in England, we (hall only
defcribe that of Diofcorides his Greater and Xef-
for, viz. r. Alyjfum & Atyffos‘b',bfcbridis major, as

Camer-fi“L Uufus, hugdunertjs and
Lnif/ fhmk ; and Label fays farther, That there is
no Herb to be found which better agrees witli Diof-
cerides his A/yffim in all things, than this doth.

< ome will have it to be Luttaria Grace, and call it
Lunar, a major, and L, maria lutea ; Cafalpimts calls
it Lunar, a Grace tenia and Gefner, Lteniria dt-
making it a Kind of Moon-wort ■ but is doubt-
lels the Greater Mad-wort of Diofcorides. 2. AJyf-
ftm Diofcoridis alter urn d minus, Leucoium Alyf-
fudes clypeatunL minus Bauhim (for he calls the
nnt Leucoium A/yffoides Clypeatum majus ) The lef-
fer Mad-wort of Diofcorides.

The Descriptions.

III. The firft or Greater Mad-wort of Diofcori-
des. It has a Root which is fmall and woody, dying

IarA,eS “ A Z™*Seed, but feldom pe-
rtjhes the firft dear before it runs up to a Stalk It
has many hoary, hard and rough Leaves lying on
the Ground, fomewhat broad and round for the firft
““ *elr. Springing , but the next Year, when
the Stalk begins to grow up, they grow thereon both
greater and longer, and a little torn in on the edges
in feme places, which Stalk is hoary, and about a
Foot and half high, fpreadmg it felf into two or
three Branches * at the tops of which come forth
feveral pale, yellow, and very fmall Flowers ftand-
°VboveL?nother feverally, on both Tides of
the Stalks which convert into fomewhat large
and round flat, thin, hoary, hard, rough Husks re-
fembhng little Bucklers ; or rather molt like the

"SB®

Mad-wort of Diofcorides the Lejfer.

662 Salmon’ j*

IV. T he fecond, or LefTer Madwort of Diofcori-
des. It has a Root tekieb is Jmalll and long , t cith
divers fibres adjoining , which abides and floats forth
anew, and is more Jbarp in Tafia than the Leaves ,
which are drying and ajlringcnt. From this Root
fpring forth feveral long Leaves, lying on the
Ground, a little waved on the edges, ot a pale or
blewilh green Color, about three inches long, and
one broad, rough and hairy, bur foftdr than the ter-
mer. From among which Leaves rife up (lender,
weak, rough Stalks, Icarce able to Hand upright,!
parted into feveral Branches, on which grow the
Leaves by Couples, one oppofite to another, frnal-
let, but not lefs hairy and rough than the aforego-
ing. The Flowers firft begin to break forth at the
tops, and afterwards on the fides or Wings, which
are many fet together in Tufts, confilling ol four
white Leaves, notched in the middle, which makes
every Leaf feem like a Heart, with diveis yellowifh
Threads in the middle of them, and each Handing
in a green Husk; the outfides whereof have longer
Foot-ualks than thole more inward ; and each
Flower larger than the inner ones ; which being
palt, round Seed-VefTcls fucceed, in Form like Buck-
lers,’ a little fmaller than the former,' hard and
rough on the outlide, in which are contained flat.
Seed, in four round reddifh Cells or Partitions, di-;
vided by a certain thin fhining Skin, two Seeds ly-;
jng in each Cell or Divifion.

V. The Places. They grow in Gardens both
with us and in Italy, trance , and the Low-Countries,
but their original or native place is fcarcely or not
well known.

VI. T he Times. They flower in the Summer
Months, as in May, June, July and Auguft, the
fecond year after their Lowing, and their Seed is
ripe not long after.

VII. The Vitalities, It is hot and dry in the firfl
Degree. Digeftive, moderatly Abflerfive, Expul-
five, and Alexipharmick.

VIII. The Specification. It is pecnliarfor curing
the Bitings of Mad Dogs, asalfo of Green Wounds,
and at old running Sores, and filthy rotten
UlcersC

tp

IX. The Preparations. From the Green Herb
you may have, i . A liquid. Juice or EJJence. 1. A
DecoUion in Wine. j. A Pouder. 4. An Oint-
ment or Balfam. 5, A Cataplafm.

T be Virtues.

X. The liquid Juice or EJJence. Being taken in
Broth or Wine, it cures the Bitings of Mad Dogs,
and peifeQly takes away the Venom or Poylon
thereof, which Galen affirms Simp/ieium Mediea-
jnentorum, 1. 6. and this lome think to be manifefl
from the fignatnre of the Plant, or likenefs of its
whole fubflance, and that this is the Virtues there-
of, had been found from great Experience; and
that it would perform many other Cures, from its
drying, digefling, and moderately cleaning facul-
ties: and therefore Galen and Diofcordes both lay
of each of thefe Plants, that they cleanfe the Skin
from Wheals and Pimples, from Spots and other
difcolcrings , as Morphew, Sunburnings, &c.
which is piefumed to be done by the Juice or
Eflence.

Herbal Lib* L

XI. The Decoliion. It may be made with Water
or Wine, but the latter is the better. It has the
Virtues of the Juice or Effence but much weaker,
and therefore may be taken to half a Pint or more,
according to Age, ©V. It is good for the Cure of
Wounds either inward or outward, to digeft con-
gealed or clotted Blood which is gathered together
by any fall, blow or bruile, and to cleanfe and heal
old rotten and filthy Ulcers, and other creeping
Sores.

XII. The Fonder of the Herb. It has the Vir-
tues of the Juice and Deco£Hon, and particularly
it has a virtue to Hop the Hiccough, and this it
will do if the Pouder, or green Herb it fei'f is but
held in the Mouth, and alfo Tmelt to. Dofe ona
Dram at a time twice a day, in Ale, Seer, Wine, or
PolTet Drink, ©V. Outwardly ftrewed upon run-
ning and putrid Ulcers, it drys up the moifture,
and contributes much to their healing.

XIII. The 0 in/ me at or Eulfanh It is of lingular
ufe to be applyed to the 'Bitifigs of Mad Dogs*
becaufe it recalls, or draws forth the Venom or
Poyfon out of. the Wounds* and fome are of Opi-
nion, that it m'rght have theTame Operation, if it
was applyed to the Biting of a Viper or Rattle-
snake: ho ' ever outwardly applyed to running
Sofes, inveterate Ulcers, Fiftulaes, &e. it has been
found to digeft, cleanle powerfully, then to dry,
and induce a fpeedy healing, and this fc much the
more if the Pouder of the Herb be ftrewed thick
upon the Sole or Ulcer.

XIV. The Cataplafm. It is of great ufe, being
immediately applied to attraU or draw the Poyfon
or Venom out of the Bitings of Mad Dogs, and
to difeufs Tumors or Swellings caufed by fimpls
ContufionS} as alfo to open the Pores fo as to
caufe an eduction of the Morbifick caufe of the
ScurfF, or Morphew, ©V.

XV. Note, That the fecond Figure, which is
that of the Lefter Madwort of Liof corides , is
taken from Matthiolus his Epitome j in this Cut,
the Seed Veftels are very exaft, but the pofition of
the Leaves are not Juft, for they ought to ftand by
Couples, and be of three times that length.

CHAP. CCCCLXL

Of MADDER Great.

I. '~jnHE Karnes. It is called in the Arabick
J Pave , and Feve alfa bagin : in Greek
E (vQ&jkvcv kj Eruthrodanum and Eruthe-

danum : Kicander in Then acts , calls it S yyaior
Sctyrium : in Latino , Rnbea , and Rubia1 (from
the color of the Root, and from its Dying
Cloth or Leather into a Red color : ) and in
Enghjh , Madder. Faulus JEgineta lays, it is
called T hapfon : and in the Shops it is called
RubU Tinttorum.

II. Vte

Chap. -|/h. TLnglijh Herbs .

663

II. 1 he Kinds. It is either Great, of which in
this Chapter : or Small , of which we fhall Treat
in the next. The great Kind of Madder, is,
I. Rubia , Rubia Satwa , Rubia Tintforum, Gar-
den Madder or Red Madder , which fome call
Dyers Madder, and Crop-Madder. 2. Rubia Syl-
vejlris , Wild Madder. 3. Rubia Sy/veftris fo lips
longioribus , Wild Madder with long Leaves.
4. Rubia Marina, Sea Madder. <>. Synancbia
Dalcchampij, Quinfey-wort or Quinfey Madder of
Dalechampius. 6. Mollugo Montano, Rubia Syl-
vefiris altera Gefneri, Great Baftard or Mountain
Madder. There are other Herbs which fome Au-
thors will have to be kinds hereof, as Aparine ,
Af per ula, Cruciata , Gallium, which we can
fcarcely admit of, and therefore you will find
them in other Parts of this Book, in their proper
places of the Alphabet.

T be Defer iptions.

III. The jirft , or Garden Madder. Its Root is
fat and full of fubftance, yet not very great , but
very long, running down half a mans depth into the
ground , red in color , and very clear while (i it is

frefh , fpreading fever al ways. From this Root
fhoot forth many very long, four fquare, reddifh
ftalks, trailing on the ground a great way, very
rough or hairy , (which therefore Pliny terms
Spinofus prickly) and full of Joints, At every of
thefe Joynts come forth feveral long and fomewhat
narrow Leaves, Handing like a Star, or the Rowel
of a Spur, about the Stalks, rough alfo and hairy :
towards the Tops whereof come forth many fmall,
pale, yellow Flowers * after which come fmall
round Heads, green at the firfl, and reddifh after-
wards, but black when they are thorough ripe, in
in which are contained the Seed,

IV. The fecond, or Wild Madder. In this
the Root grows greater, but not fully fo red nor
clear as that of the Garden Kind. It grows up in

Wild or Field MADDER ,

form, very like to the Garden Aladder before de-
scribed, but the Stalks are fmaller , not fpread-
ing fo far j nor are the Leaves fo rough and hairy,
but rather (as Gerrard fays) fmooth and fhining;
and lefler alfo, and the Flowers white.

V. The third , or Wild Madder with long
Leaves. Its Root is fmaller, but red like the for-
mer, from whence fpring up divers round jointed
Stalks, two or three feet long, and fome times longer,
fomthing fmooth, or at leaf noticing fo rough as
the other Wild fort . The Leaves which Hand at
the Joints are a little rough, narrower, and longer
than the other, feven or eight at a diftance : at the
tops of the Stalks, Hand many white Flowers,
made of four fmall Leaves a piece , which turn
into fmall round Seed like the former.

VI. The fourth , or Sea Madder. Its Root is
more red on the outfide than within, harder and
more Woody than the other : from this Root-
fpring forth many fquare, hard, and fomthing
rough Stalks, round about it, which are full of
Joints, and from whence grow many fmall, long
Leaves, _ a little rough, broadeH at the bottom,
and pointed at the end- more white in the natu-
ral Places, than when Tranfplanted : from among
which, (growing lefler at the Tops,) come forth
fmall whitifh Flowers Star fafhion, like the other,
but longer.

VII. The fifth , or Quinfey Wort, or Quinfey
Madder of Dalechampius. It has a Root which is
crooked, blackifh without, yellow underneath the
Skin, and white within and Woody, which is about
five or fix Inches long, with many hairy firings:
From this Root arife many four fquare Branches,
trailing upon the Ground, and fometimes reddifh,
towards the Root. The Leaves are fmall and
fharp pointed, like thofe of Gallium, or Ladies
Bed Straw , and grow along the Stalk on certain

Knees

664

Salmon s Herbal .

Lib. 1.

Knees or Joints, four or five together, and fome-
times fewer. From thefe Joints the Stalk divides
it felf towards the Top into many parts, on which
grow many Flowers , each Flower having four
Leaves, fomtimes white, fomtimes of a flelh
color, and every Leaf of thefe flefh colored
Leaves is artificially ftreaked in the middle, and
near the fides with three lines of a deeper red, but
of no pleafant fmell. After which comes the Seed,
lorn thing round, growing two together like Hones,
or as it is feen in Goofe Grafs.

Villi The fixth , or Great Ballard or Mountain
Madder. The Root is black without , Fibrous , and
abiding all Winter . From this Roor (hoot forth a

Great Ballard or Mountain MADDER.

number of (lender and weak Stalks, but yet fuch
as have fo much flrength in them, as that they
need no propping, but will Hand upright of them-
felves, which diverfly branch forth themfelves into
many parts, fo that it leems to be a pleafant bulhy
Plant, well fpread ; and having many Ihorter and
broader fmooth greeii Leaves fet at the Joints, than
either the Common, or red, or white Flowered
Ladies Bed Straw. The Flowers are very fmall
and white, Handing at the tops of the Branches,
pretty thick or plentifully, which being paR away,
turn into fmall, black, round Seed.

IX. The Places. The firfl is only Manured either
in Gardens or Fields in many Countrys of Europe
for the profit which is made thereof : and is very
Common, in moR places of England. The fecond
grows in moiflMedows and Moorilh grounds, and
under Bufhes almoR every where : it is faid to grow
alfo in Fields and Hedge fides near to Spire, and in
many other places of Germany. The third alfo
grows in many places in England , as at a place
called hod-hill in Dorfetfhire , on the fide which is
next the River , in the farifh of Stompaine , two
miles from Elan ford , and at IVarham like wife in
the fame Shire, on a Mud-wall in the fame Town,
and at a place called Sommcrptll near to a Chapel by
the Landing place, coming from Af ferry to Ghefelly

in great abundance. The fourth grows by the Sea
fide in moR places •, as alio by the Sea fide in Pro-
vence, and near Montpelier in France , and in Spain
alfo as Clufius fays. The fifth grows in dry
chalkie Grounds abundantly , being found Wild
in ma^y places ; it has been found in great plen-
ty on the Hill beyond Chattam in. the way to
Canterbury. The fixth is found on divers Hills
in Germany-, and grows in Hedges and among
Bufhes in many places.

X. The Tithes. The firR , lecond , and third,
Flower towards the end of Summer, and the Seed
is ripe quickly after; but Gerard fays, they Rourifh
from May unto the end of Auguji-, and that the
Roots of the firR are gathered in Autumn for the
ufe of the Dyers, and for Phyfical purpofes. The
fourth or Sea Kind, feldom gives ripe Seed in our
Climate. The fifth Flowers all the Summer long.
The fixth Flowers in May, June, and July, and
the Seed is ripe in July and Auguji.

XI. The Qualities. Madder is Temperate in
refpeft to heat or cold, but is manifefily dry in the
end of the firR, or beginning of the fecond
Degree : it is Aperitive, and alfo ARringent, and
admirably Traumatick or Vulnerary.

XII. The Preparations. The firlt Kind is moR
in ufe, arid of that the Root, chiefly-, and alfo
the Seed: From the Root are prepared, 1. A De -
cotfion in Water or Wine. 2. A Decotfion in Mead
or honied Water. 3. A Bath , or Fume , or Fomen-
tation. 4. A Pouder. $. An Eclegma or Electua-
ry. 6. A Cataplafm of the Roots and Leaves. 7.
A Pouder of the Seed. 8. A Decotfion in Wine of
Quinfey Madder. 9. A Pouder and Cataplafam of
the fame.

The Virtues.

XIII. The Decotfion in Water or Wine. It opens
obflructions of the Vifcera, and cleanfcs the body
of tough Flegm and grols Humors ; it provokes
Urine plentifully, as alfo the Courfes in Women,
and expels the dead Child and After-birth. It
makes the Urine red like Blood, but it is from the
Tin&ure of the Root, like as Rhubarb makes it
yellow by virtue of its TinUure : and opens and
aRringes, as Rubarb purges and binds: infomuch
that it is faid to be good againR Ruptures, and to
Hop the flux of the Whites in Women: It is pro-
fitable againR the Hemorrhoids or Piles by Fomen-
tation: and taken inwardly to fix or eight ounces,
it is faid to flop a Diarrha:a.

XIV. The Decotfion in Mead or Honied Water.
It opens obflruUions of the Gall, Liver and Spleen,
and is profitable againR the yellow Jaundice, Hy-
pochondriack Melancholy; and is good for fuch
as have the Palfie, numnefs, and trembling of the
Limbs: being alfo often taken it is effectual for
the healing of inward Wounds.

XV. The Bath , Fomentation or Fume. It is made
by boiling a great quantity of the Green Herb,
Stalks, and Roots in Water. Being fat in, as hot
as it can well be endured, it is good againR the
Palfie, Gout, Sciatica and Rheumatick Pains: It is a
good Fomentation for Women to fit in, to pro-
voke their Courfes, and to cleanfe the Womb
from filth, or any putrid Matter.

XVI .The Pouder of the Root. Given inwardly
to one Dram it Hops Fluxes of the Belly* The
Grofs Pouder is often times ufed in Vulnerary Diet
Drinks, for the curing of Wounded Perl'ons, and
fuch as are affliUed with running Sores, old Ulcers,
Fiflula’s, and the like; and is of excellent ufe for

fuch

Chap. 462. Englijb 'Herbs.

665

fuch as have had outward or inward Bruiles by falls
or blows, or any internal Hux of Blood, which it
effe£tually flops.

XVII. The Eclegma or EleSuary. Take cboife
Honey clarified twelve Ounces : Madder Roots in
very fine Ponder fix Ounces : Roeb Alum in fine
Ponder three Ounces : mix them and let them fun-
nier over a gentle hire, till the mixture is of a good
f cartel color , which being cold fut into a Gully-pot.
and keep it clofe covered for life. It quickly cures
all Sores and Ulcers in the Gums, Mouth, Throat
or Gullet, and Wind-pipe; and eafes the pain and
ftrengthens a weak Back. It may be taken Morn-
ing and Night, and feveral times a day, as much
as a fmall Cheltnut upon a Knives point, letting
it diftil down the Throat very leifurely ;. and lor
the pain and weaknefs of the Back, a Spoonful
of it may be given at a time in a Glafs of
ltrong Ale, Tent, or Alicant.

XVIII. The Cataplafm of Roots and Leaves.
Being beaten and applyed to any part which is
difcolored with Sunburnings, Tanning, Freckles,
black and blew Spots, Scurf, Morphew, or any
other like deformity of the Skin, it cleanfes it,
and cures all thofe defeedations, *

XIX. The Louder of the Seed. Taken from

half a Dram to a Dram with Vinegar and
Honey , it prevails againft the fwelling and
hardnefs of the Spleen, opens its obftrutfi-
ons , and removes Hypochondriack Melanchol-
ly. ,

XX. The DecocTwn in Wine cf Vuinfcy
Madder. It drys without biting, and is excell-
ent againft the Quinfey, being inwardly taken
twice a day to fix or eight Ounces, and out-
wardly applyed, both as a Gargarifm , and a Fo-
mentation.

XXI. A Ponder and Cataplafm cf the fame.

A Cataplafm is to be made of the Root and
Herb green, and to be brought to a Confiftency
with the Pouder of the Herb or Root, and
then it is to be applyed to the Neck and
Throat of fuch as are affefled with a Quinfey,
renewing it twice or thrice a day, as often
as it grows to be abfolutely cold.

CHAP. CCCCLXII.

Of MADDER Small.

the Defcriptions.

III. The firj ?, or Candia Madder with fpiked
Heads. It has a Root which is fmall ', hard ', woody ,
crooked or f ragged , with many little Strings or
Threads , red with out , and white with in. which
always perifhes when the Seed is ripe. From this
Root fpring up many knotty four fquare rough
little Stalks, about a foot high, divided immedi-
ately from the Root into many Branches, having
but one fide Branch growing forth at one Joint :
about which Joints grow and Ipread abroad four or
five, and fometimes fix narrow (hort (harp pointed
Leaves, fomewhat rough. The tops of the Stalks
and Branches are nothing but long, fmall, fouriquare
fpikes or ears, made of three Leaved green husks;
Out of the Top of each husk grows a very fmall
greenilh yellow Flower, having four exceeding
fmall Leaves, fcarcely to be feen: after which
follows in each husk,one fmall blackifh Seed,fome-
thing long, round on the one fide, with a dent
or hollownefs on the other.

IV. The Jecond , or lmall Creeping Madder
with purplilh blew Flowers. Its Root is fmall and
of a reddtjh yellow color , abiding all the Winter
with green Leaves thereon , and will encreafe
plentifully from the Seed it Jheds every Tear.
This fmall Plant creeps upon the Ground, with
many fmall, fquare, Imooth Branches, much di-
vided or I'ptead out into other fmaller ones; full
Joints, and at every of them, five or fix fmall
round, and very frefh green Leaves, fmooth alfo’
or but very little rough. From thefe Joints, and
roundles of Leaves, as well as from the Tops of
the Branches, come feveral fmall Flowers, made
of five, blewifh purple round pointed Leaves
with fome fmall Threads in the middle. The
Seed is fmall and long pointed , two for the
moll part Handing together.

V. The third, or fmall Rock Madder. Its Root
is fmall and reddtjh, as all the other forts are.
This fmallelt Madder grows not much above an
hand breath high, with a fquare Stalk, fpreading
fmall Branches from the Joints ; at which grow
feven or eight fmall long pointed Leaves, even the
(malleft and narroweft of any before mentioned,
being fomwhat rough alfo. The Flowers are fmall
and of a pale red or bluffi color, ftanding in Tufts
or Umbles at the Tops of the Branches.

VI. The Places. The firft is a Native of Can-
dia, but with us grows in Gardens only. The
fecond grows plentifully in many places of Eng-
land.. The third grow alfo in many places of
our Britijh Continent-, as upon the Chalky Hills
near Drayton , over againft rhe Ifle of Wight. Ic
grows alfo upon Vincents Rocks not far from
Brilio/.

I. 'T' H E Names, It is called in Greeks Ef^-
X </apcK tAiKpov ; in La tine , Rubia minor , O
Rubia parva ^ and in Englijh , Small Madder.

II. The Kinds. There are 1. Rubia fpicata
Cretica , Clujij , Candia Madder with fpiked Heads.
■2. Rubia minor pratenfis c&rulca , fmall creeping
Madder with purplifli blew Flowers. 3. Rubia
minima Saxatilis , fmall Rock Madder. There
are about five other Kinds of thefe fmall Field
or Wild Madders , but not being Natives or
Inhabitants of our Country , and of little ule
in Phyfick , we ftiall fay nothing more of them
here.

VII. Nota. Label fays this laft very fmall Kind
has its Leaves of the bignefs of Rupture-Wort
(harp pointed, and growing after the manner of
thofe of Madder, upon little creeping Stalks an
Inch and half high , on which grows yellowifh
fmall Flowers : and that the Root is fmall and of
the color of Corall.

VIII. The Times. They all Flower in the Sum-
mer Months, as May, June, and July , and their
Seed is ripe foon after.

IX- Jbe Vitalities, Preparations , Virtues and
Ifes, of thefe are all the fame with thofe of the
Great Madder , in the former Chapter, and there-
fore 1 reletr you thither : but neither any of thefe

Q-qqq finaii

666 Salmon’/

fmall Madders , nor yet any of the other five laft
Kinds in the faid aforegoing Chapter, are any ways
equal or to be compared to thofe of the firji great
Garden Kind , for which fpecial redfon, that is only
or chiefly in Ufe.

CHAP. CCCCLXIII.

Of MAIDEN-HAIR Englifli.

1. /Tp' H E Names. It is called in Greek ,
_1_ ’AJ'/a.t'nv Anglic um : in Latine , Capil-

lus Veneris Anglicus : and in Englijh , Englijh
Maiden ■ Hair.

II. The Kinds. There are four feveral forts of
it, viz. I. Tei^om, Grace’. Trichomancs Latine ,
alfo Capillaris , and Filicula, as Gaza has it: in
Englijh , Engliff) Maiden-Hair , and Common Maiden-
Hair. 2. ’ASiayrov Thalij ; Politricum au-

reum majus Bauhini : and of fome, Adiantum au-
reum majus ; mufcus Capillaris , Po/ytricbum
ApuleiFuckfij , the greater Golden Maiden-Hair.
3. Polytricum aureum minus Bauhini , Adiantum
aureum minus , the leffer Golden Maiden-Hair. 4.
Capillus Veneris Tragi , Adiantum album Cordi , 5(7*7-
Jraga major Brunfelfij , 6? Eucbftj ; Put a mtiraria
Mat thiol 1, who afterwards took it be Paronychia
Diofcoridis , .SWunz Fite Lobelij Cf Lugdunenfis ; in
Englijh , Common White Maiden-Hair, Wall-
Hue.

T/jc Defer iptiotjs.

III. Tfo 0rEnglifh Maiden-Hair. 7/j-
rfte fmall , hard , Pibrous or Thready,

from whence come forth a great many blackilh

Herbal. Lib. I.

filming little Stalks, fcarcely a Span in length,
and in many Plants not half fo long ; on each fide
let very thick with fmall round dark green Leaves,
and lpotted on their backs like Ceterach , and other
fmall Ferns.

IV. The fecond , or Greater Golden Maiden-Hair.
It has a fmall and thready Root , ivhofe Fibres are
wonderful fine. It is a kind of Mofs , and its
Stalks are not above a handful high, covered with
fiiort hairs (landing very thick together, of an eb-
feure yellow green color , out of which Stalks,
fpring up fometimes very fine naked Stems fom»-
what black ; upon the tops of which hang as it
were little Grains like Wheat Corns.

V. Parkinfon fays it has a very fmall and Threat
dy Root : and that it has a company of fmall
brownifh red Hairs to make up the form of Leaves,
growing about the Ground from the Root: and in
the middle of them in Summer time, rile up
fmall Stalks of the fame color, fet with very fine
yellowifh green Hairs on them, and bearing a fmall
gold yellow Head, leffer than a Wheat Corn,
Handing in a great Husk.

VI. The third f or Leffer Golden Maiden-Hair.
of this there are two Kinds , viz. the Leffer , and
the LeaJ ?, both of which are very like the former,
but that the Stalks grow not to much more than
half the height of the greater.

VII. The fourth , or Common white Maiden-
Hair, commonly called Wall Rue , but is generally
accounted one of the Capillary Herbs or A-faiden-
HairSj and that not of the leaf account. It has a
Root which is black and full of firings , from
whence fpring forth many Leaves a/mofi round and
Jlender Ji ending upon Jhort foot Stalks. It has
riling up from among thofe Ground Leaves fine
pale green Stalks, almoft as fine as Hairs, fet con-
fufedly, with divers pale green Leaves , on very
Ihort foot Stalks, fomewhat near unto the color
of Garden Rue , and not differing much in form,
but fomewhat more like unto the true Adianthum
in the next Chapter, being more and more diverfly
cut in on the edges, and thicker ^ fmooth on
the upper part , and fpotted finely on the
under.

VIII. The Places. The firft grows upon old
Stone Walls in the Weft of England , and in Wales -
in Kent, and in feveral other places t>f this Land :
it delights alfo to grow by Springs and Wells,
and in Rocky, naoilt and fhadowy places, and Mr.
Goody er faid, that in January 1624, be faw
enough to lade a Horfe, growing on the Banks in
a Lane, as he rode between Rake and Headly in
Hampfhire , near Woolmer For ref It was alfo
found growing in a fhady fandy Lane in Betfome ,
in the rarifh of South-fieet in Kent : as alfo upon
Stone Walls at her Majefties Palace of Richmond.
The fecond is feldom found but upon Bogs and
Moorifh places, yet fometimes alfo in (hady dry
Ditches, where the Sun does not come : Gerard
found it in great abundance in a (hadowy Ditch
upon the left hand, near unto a Gate which leads
from Hampfiead Heath towards Highgate. The
third is found in or near the fame places where the
fecond is faid to grow. The fourth is found in many
places of England , as at Hartford, and the bridge
at AJhford in Kent , at Beckonsfield in Bucking-
ham-Jhire\ at Woolly in Huntington-Jbire: onl’ram-
lingham Cattle in Suffolk : on the Church Walls
at May-field in Suffex , and on the' Rocks near
Wefion fuper Mare in Sommerfet-Jhire : on the
Walls of the Churoh-yatd at Sittmgburn in Kent, in
the middle of the Town near a Lake of Water;
and upon the Church Walls of Rally in EJJex, and
other places.

IX> The

Chap, 46 ‘Englijh Herbs .

66

7

CHAP. CCCCLXIV.

IX. The 'limes. Thefe Plants are always green
both Summer and Winter , but have neither Flowers,
nor Seed.

X. The Qualities. All thefe leveral forts of
Maiden-Hair are temperate in refpeCl to heat or
cold, but dry in the firft Degree. They are ’Aperi- Oj MAIDEN-HAIR True,
tive, and Diuretick, PeCtoral, Hepatick, Nephri-
tick, and Alexipharmick.

XI. The Preparations. They are almoft equally
in UTe^ but if there is any difference, the firlf and
fourth are moft in Vogue. And from any of them,
or all of them, you may have i. A Deco ft ion in
Wine or Water. 2. An Infufion or Tintfure in
Wine. 3. A Ponder of the herbs.

'the Virtues .

XII. The Decollion in Water or Wine. It is
very effectual againft Coughs, Colds, Catarrhs, and
other Diitempers of the Breft and Lungs, caufing
an eafy expectoration •, it opens the obftruClions of
the Liver, Spleen and Reins, and is available to
break the Stone , efpecially in the Reins, expel
Sand, Gravel, and other Tartarous Matters, to
provoke Urine, and give eafe in the Srangury. It
is alfo of good ufe for fuch as are troubled with
the Spleen, or aff'eCled with the Fallingfficknefs.
The Head wafhed therewith, it (Lengthens the
Roots of the Hair, ftays it from fhedding or
falling, and caufes it to grow thick where it is
thin.

XIII. The Infufion or Tinffure in Wine. It has
all the former Virtues, but much more pleafant to
be taken, for it has lefs of the Styptick, Terrene
or Earthy parts, than the DecoCIion, the which are
extracted by boiling } and more of the fine, fubtil,
and volatile parts , moft of which in the former
are loft, but in this retained, becaufe not tor-
tured with the violence of the Fire. Dofe from
4 to 6 Ounces, Morning, Noon, and Night, as
the Phyfician , fhall think fit , of the former
alfo , as well as of this. But this is to be
noted , That they may be both fweetned with
Clarified Honey, which alfo contributes to the
fame ends.

XIV. The Pouder. It has all the Virtues of the
DecoCIion, or Infufion or TinUure: and being
mixed with Clarified Honey and made into an
EleCluary, it caufes Ex peCI oration, and is a lingu-
lar Experiment againft the Althma, or fhortnefs of
Breath, and difficulty of Breathing, as alfo againft
all Tartarous Mucilage in the Urinary parts,
Stone and Gravel, Ulcers in the Reins and the
like. The Pouder may be given from half a Dram
to a Dram, in Wine or other Vehicle } but feems
to me to be belt made up into an EleCluary
with Clarified Honey, and fo taken. Thefe
Maiden-hairs treated of in this Chapter have
been found by Experience, to be of the fame
Nature, Qualities and Virtues, and to have as
good EffeCfs, as the True Maiden-hair , of
which we fhall [treat in the next Chapter * and
becaufe eafier to be come by , the oftener mad
nfe of.

1. r | 'HE Names. It is called in Greeks

JL ’ AcDavroy (becaufe the Rain refts not on it,
but Aides off} and rWreot**' Diofcoridis , quafi
multi com urn , quod Capil/os mu It os denfos facial •

& Tetx°v Apuleij , quafi P ulchricomum , quod
Capillos tingit pulchriorefque reddit : in Latine,
Adiantum , Poly trichum , Calli trichum , Capillus Ve-
neris , ( a fpeciofis reddendis Capillis •) Capillus
Terra -, Supercilium Terra , (!f Crinita : and in
Eng/iJ 7;, Maiden-Hair.

II. The Kinds. The True Maiden- Hair is but
twofold, viz. 1. Adianthum minus (which is Venus')
Capillus Veneris verus , The True Maiden-Hair.

2. Adiantum majus (which is alfo a kind of the
Verus, and grows only larger according to the Re-
gion it grows in) Adiantum Syriacum , Capillus Ve-
neris Syriac us, the True Syrian Maiden-Hair. To
thefe we may add, 3. Adiantum nigrum Vulgar e }
Onopteris nigra Dodonti } Adiantum pu lehr um Lug-
dune nfi fimile Thalij , Common black Maiden-Hair.

4. Adiantum album Plinij •, Adiantum fii/icis folio
Bauhini , A?uc tffcek asukw, Dryopteris alba , Dry opt e-
ris Candida Dodonati , of which we have already
written in Chap. 260. Sell. 4. and 9. aforegoing.

5. Adiantum Yruticofum Americanum. The Ameri-
can Maiden-Hair.

The Defcriptionf.

Cj7ze irueAtahe.n/fat

668 Salmons

fraaller, finer, redder, and more (hining than thofe
of Trichomanes, ' or our Common Ettglifk Maiden-
Hair , on which are placed delicate fine Leaves on
both fides , without order , one above another ,
fomewhat like unto the lower Leaves of Coriander ,
or like the Leaves of Anffe, but larger, cut in un-
equally on the edges, and fpotted on the back
with very fmall brown Marks fcarce to be dif-
cerned.

IV. T be fecond , or True Syrian Maiden-Hair.
Its Root is tough , and thready like the firft -, and the
whole is an humble or low Plant , having Leaves

T me Syrian MAIDEN-HAIR.

flat , fmooth , and plain , fet upon a blackifh
middle rib, like unto that of the other true
Maiden-Hair, cut or notched on the edges, Nature
keeping no certain form, but making one Leaf
of this fafhion, and another of another, far dif-
ferent from it. But yet in the main, this Syriacum
is but one and the fame Herb and Species with the
former, tho’ fomewhat larger, which is from the
Country, and nature of the Soil j for which rea-
fon, Label calls it, Capillus Veneris Verus.

V. The Third , or Common black Maiden-Hair,
This differs little or nothing from the Dryopteris
Candia Dodonad, which is the fourth Species next
following , as is declared in the Kinds , and of which
we have already written in the place aforecited -, but
that the Stalks of this are blacker, and the Leaves
of a fadder green, whereas that is greener and paler,
fo that that aforenamed to come in the fourth place
here, may very well be accounted a Species of this:
There are many Stalks of winged Leaves, not much
higher than the aforegoing, fcarcely exceeding 6,
7, or 8, Inches in heighth, but the Leaves on the
Wing|are broader, fhorter, and more deeply cut
in on the edges.

Herbal. Lib, L

VI. The fifth , or American Maiden-Hair. It
has a fibrous Root , and grows up like unto a Fern,
with a fender blackifh brown Stalk , branched forth
into others , about which on each fide, itand from
12 to 2c frelh green Leaves, fmall and fomewhat
long,*joined together by fmall foot Stallks, fome-
what like unto the firft true Maiden-Hair , but cut
in on the out fide at the tops of the Leaves only,
and not at the bottom;

VII. The Places. All thele forts grow on Stone
Walls, and by the fides of Rocks, or Gravelly
Springs, and other Ihady and moift places. The
firlt plentifully, as Pena and Label fay, about
Mompelier in Narbone in Prance -, as alfo in fome
parts of Glouceferfnre , and in divers parts of
the Weft of England. The fecond grows in Syria ,
and is not to be found with us unlefs in Gardens „
The third in many Barren, Rocky, and Untilled
places, efpecially where Springs are near. The
fourth upon Oaks and among Oak Mofs. The fifth
in Virginia , Carolina , New-Tork, Mary- land, Pen-
fy ham a, and other parts of Florida.

VIII. The Times. They all abide green through
the whole year but have not any of them, either
Flower or Seed.

IX. The Qualities. Maiden-Hair is temperate
in refpeft of Heat or Cold, and dry in the firft
Degree, Aperitive, Diuretick, Traumatick, Pefto-
ral, Splenetick, and Nephritick.

X. The Specification. It opens Obftruftions
of the Lungs, Liver and Spleen, prevails againft
Ulcers of the Lungs, Coughs and Afthma’s, and
cures the Rickets in Children.

XI. The Preparations. The Preparations are
much the fame with thofe in the former Chapter,
viz. I. A ftmple Decottion in Water or Wine.
2. A Compound Decottion. 3. A Pouder. 4. A
Tintture in Wine. 5. A Lye.

The Virtues.

XII. The ftmple Decottion in Wine and Water.
It prevails againft the Cough, Ihortnefs of Breath,
difficulty ©f breathing, the yellow Jaundice and
difeafes of the Spleen: it is faid to break the
Stone, open obftru&ions of the Reins and Ureters,
and provoke Urine : it provokes the Terms in Wo-
men, re&ifies the Blood, and cleanfes the Lungs of
Tartarous and putrid matter, by Expectoration.
Dofe four Ounces four or five times a day.

XIII. The Compound DecoCtion. Take Maiden
Hair 1 2 Handfuls -, Ceterach, or Spleen-wort , Li-
ver-wort, Ofmond Royal , of each 4 Handfuls -, Li-
quorice bruifed 2 Ounces-, Fennel Seeds bruifed
1 Ounce-, Raifons of the Sun Stoned, blew Currants,
of each half a Pound-, blew Figs fit 4 Ounces-,
Spring Water 3 Quarts -, mix and Boil, then ft rain
out and keep it for \Jfe. Let it be taken in the Morn-
ing faffing, an hour before Dinner -, at 5 in the
Afternoon, and at Bed-time j always fqueezing
into it, at the time of taking it the Juice of an
Orange, or fome of the Juice of aLimon. It not
only opens Obftru&ions of Lungs, Liver, Spleen
Reins and Womb, having all the Virtues of the
fimple DecoCtion, but cleanfes the Lungsof Ulce-
rated or putrid Matter, heals Ulcers of the Lungs,
and cures the Rickets in Children. It provokes
Urine, gives eafe in the Strangury, prevails againft
inveterate A tthma’s-, and being long taken, profli-
gates the Gout and Rheumatick pains to a Miracle.

Dofe

Chap. 4

Dofe four Ounces or more at a time, as often as
before directed.

XIV. T be Ponder of the Herb. Eeing taken
a Dram at a time in Red Barcelona Wine, or other
like Styptick Wine, Morning and Night tor 40 or
yo days together, it is faid to cure Ruptures. It is
profitable 3gainft the Bitings of Vipers or other
Serpents and Venomous Creatures, and has indeed
all the Virtues of the DecoQion and Tincture; but
for the other Difeafes, it is bell to be made up
into an Eleftuary with twice or thrice its weight
of Clarified Honey, and the Eleftuary to be given
from 2 to 4 Drams.

XV. The Lye. It is made of the Allies by
Elixiviatiori in fair Water. It is lingular good to
cleanfe the Head of Scutlf, Morphew, Dandriff,
and to heal a Scald Head, whether it be a dry or
running Sore : It days the falling of the Hair, and
is faid to make it grow thick, fair, and well
colored, for which purpofe fomc make the Lixivi-
um in Wine, and others ufe the Decoffion of the
Herb in Wine. And feme boil the Aihes in Oil
and anoint therewith to cure Baldnefs, Scurff
Dandriff, Scald-Heads, iSc .

CHAP. CCCCLXV.

Of M A L L O W Common.

1 T^,£' N‘meil called in Arabic*.

X Chubeze and Ckubcs , and the Seed thereof
Bizen Chubeir: in Creek, MtaJa, ab emoliendo Ven-
tre, but in the Coppies of Epichames and Anti-
phones it is written M, *$*„.• jn Latine , Malva
guaft Molva, quod ahum Molliat : in Enelilh
Mallow. ' 5 J ’

II. The Kinds. There are feveral principal forts

of Mallows , as 1. The Common Kind, of which in
this Chapter. 2. The Marfh Mallow, of which in
the next Chapter. 3. The Vervain Mallow of
which in Chapter 467. 4. The Tree or Shrub

mallow or Marjh Mallow, of which in Chapter
468 following.

III. The Kinds of the Common Mallow. Of this
there are thefe Species following. 1. Malva vul-
garis flare purpureo. The Common Mallow with
Purplilh Flowers. 2. Malva vulgaris E lore albo. The
Common Mallow with white Flowers. 3. Malva
Sylveftris minor , Malva SylveJlris repens pumila
The Small, or Dwarf Wild Mallow. 4 f Malva
Montana, The Mountain Mallow, y. Malva
Hifpanica F lore carneo ample , The Spanilh Blulh
Mallow.

green roundifh Leaves, yet fomwhat cornered and
den ed about the edges Handing upon long foot
Stalks next the Ground; from among whidi rife
up feveral round green Stalks, growing in time to
o t feef hl?h’ Specially when growing in
good Sod, and to be more hard and almoft Woody
efpecially at the bottom; divided into many
Branches, towards the tops, and with many leffer
Leaves, and more divided upwards, where
it brings forth many Flowers , Handing in foft

iUS-kS£aWi2!ch Flowers twine themfelves at
their hrfi (hooting forth, before they open them-
felves into five, large, broad pointed Leaves of
a fine delayed purplifh red color , with many
ltripes or Veins running through every Leaf
of a deeper color which makes the Flower feenj
very beautiful : after which come round flat Cakes
with many blackilh Seeds fet in order round about
them.

Common Purplifh MALLOW.

The Defcriptiotts.

IV. The fir ft, or Common purplifh Mallow. It
has a Root which is long and white, tough and Jome-
what Woody and running deep into the Ground.
From this Root fprmg forth many large, foft,

V. The fecond, or Common white Mallow.
The Roots of this are like to thofe of the former ■
and in its Springing up, Stalks, Leaves, Flowers
and Seeds, height, and manner of growing, it is fo
like to the firfl that it cannot be difeerned from
it, till it is in Flower, in which confifls the
whole difference: Thefe Flowers being not

full out fo large as they, and of a pure white
color , without any ltripe or Vein of any other
color running through them.

,, y.L The’hirfi or Small> or Dw;irf Wild
Mallow. The Roots are like thofe of the two
former: fo alfo its Stalks 5 Branches Leaves
Flowers, and Seeds . faving that this Kind lis
with its Branches more upon the Ground, and that
it has many fmaller and rounder Leaves, not
10 much cut in , or very feldom , and lefs
dented on the Edges than the firft Common
the Flowers are alfo fmaller and more white.
Mallo^ ** *S tefpe&s like the Vulgar

M A L-

f

j -

670 Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. I.

MALLOW Dwarf.

VII. The fourth , or Mountain Mallow. The
Root is like to that of the Common Mallow : Its
lower Leaves are as large as thole of the firft or
Common Kind, but a little longer, with fome
round divifions or cuts in them, but not deep, and
not much unlike in fhape to an Ivy Leaf: the
Stalk grows not fo great and high as the firft
Common, and with fomthing fmaller Leaves there-
on, and upwards they are fomewhat rounder and
Idler: the Flowers and Seed are wholly like to
thofe of the firft.

VIII. The fifth , or Spanifh Blulh Mallow. It
has a Root which is fmall and long , and perifihes
every Tear : This Spanilh Mallow, is in form and
manner of Growing, very like unto our firft or
Common Field Mallow, having upright Stalks
two or three feet high, fpread into divers Branches ^
and from the bottom to the Top, befet with
round Leaves, like unto our Mallows, but fome-
what fmaller and rounder, and lefs divided, yet
larger below than above: the Flowers plentifully
grow upon the fmall Branches, folding or writhing
their Leaves , one above another, before they be
blown, and being open confifts of five Leaves, with
a forked Clapper therein, of the fame color with
the Flower : the chiefelt difference from the firft
Common Kind, confift in this, that the Leaves of
thefe Flowers are larger and more wide, open at
the brims (almoft like a Bell Flower) and of a fair
blulh or light Carnation color, opening all the day
time, and clofing at night. After the Flowers are
paft, there come fuch like round heads, with fmall
black Seed like to thofe of the firft Common Kind,
but fomething fmaller.

IX. The fiixth , or Curled Mallow , or French
Crifped Mallow. It has a Root like to the firft
Common ’ Kinds , which perifihes when it has perfected
its Seed . This Crifped or Curled Mallow, (which

is called by the cOnlmon People bench Mellow
tho’ it grcvVs as frequently and naturally in England
in our Gardens) has many fmall upright Stalks
growing a foot and a half or tvVo feet high, and
fometimes higher, as I have feen It, which is accord-
ing to the goodnefs of the Soil - on thefe Stalks
and Branches do grow broad Leaves fomewhat
round and fmooth, of a light green color ^ which are
Crumpled of Curled about the Edges, and alfo in-
to the fubftance of the Leaf like a Ruff, very ad-
mirable and plcafant to behold. The Flowers
are fmall and white , much like the former
Kinds.

X. This Kind Parkinfon thus defcribes. The
Root ufually abides the firfi year -, and the fecond
year it runs up to Flower and Seed , but foon after
the Seed is perfected it perifihes : from this Root
f hoots up an upright green found Stalk , as high
fometimes as a Man on which from, all fides
grow forth round whitifh green Leaves, Curled or
Crumpled about the Edges likea Ruff, elfe very like
to our firft or Common great Mallow Leaf The
Flowers grow both upon the Stalk , and on the
other Branches , which fpring from it , being
fmall and white ^ after which come fmall Cafes,
with black Seed like the other Mallows. This
Kind is much ufed as a Pot-herb, efpecially when
there is caufe to move the Belly downwards,
which by its flippery quality it helps forward. It
has formerly, and is at this time in fome places,
ufed to be boiled or ftewed, either by it felfj or
with Butter, or with Spinage, or other Herbs, and
fo eaten.

XI. The f eventh , or Summer Mallow (called
Malva trimeftris, & Malva afttiva.) It has a fmall
Rcot which perifihes with the firft Cold or Frofil which
comes * but fomet'wics if the Summer is kindly , it
gives its ripe Seed before the coming of Frofty
Nights. It has foft, round, green Leaves, without
divifions, yet dented about the Edges, and fome-
thing pale underneath. The Stalk rifes up to be
about a Foot and a half high , and fometimes
higher, bearing fmaller Leaves, and a little divided,
fomewhat like unto thofe of Marfh Mallows.
The Flowers are of a paler purplifh color, than
the Common and Leffer, the bottom of whofe
Leaves are of a deeper color, handing upon longer
foot Stalks, and not fo many together •, after which
comes fmall Seed.

XII. The Places. The three firft grow common-
ly by Ways, and Hedg, and Ditch fides in Fields,
and unfilled places, almoft every where thro5 the
whole Land ; but the fecond Kind with white
Flowers is not fo plentiful ^ it has been found at
AJhord in Kent, and at Tbrapjhn in Northampton -
l hire , and In feveral other places. The fourth is
found on Hills and Mountainous Grounds. The
fifth, and feventh are Natives of Spain, from
whence they have been brought to us and are
nourifhed up in our Gardens. The fixth grows
plentifully both in England and france, in Gardens,
for it growrs not Wild, that ever I heard of.

XIII. T be Times. They all Flower all the Sum-
mer Months, from May , even to Auguft , or later,
till the Coldnefs of the Weather nips them -, and
the Seed comes to ripenefs in the mean fea-
fon£

XIV. TJ)e Qualities. Thefe Plants are all tem-
perate in refpefl of Heat and Cold ; and moift in
the firft Degree. They are Deobltructive, Emolli-
ent and Traumatick} Pe&oral, Nephritick and
Hyfterick.

XV. The Specification. They expel' Tartarous
Mucilage out of the Breft and Lungs, as alfo from
the Guts, Reins, and Womb: are profitable again ft

the

Chip. 465. linglijh Herbs,

671

the Bloody Flux ; and prevails againft the Stone tion or Sorenefs. It may be given from an Ounce
and Gravel, whether in the Reins, Ureters or Blad- j to 3 Ounces, in Parity Water, againft the Stone, Gra-

der.

XVI. The Preparations. You may prepare there-
from 1. A Liquid or Jnfpifale Juice. 1. An
EJJence. 3 ■ A Tecottion in Water or Wine. 4. A
Syrup, y. A Louder. 6. An Ointment or Balfam.
7. A Cataplafm. 8. A Diflil/ed Water. And all
thefe Preparations may be made either of the

Leaves

ther.

or Roots alone , or Of both

The Virtues

toge-

XVII. The Liquid or InfpiJJate Juice. The firft
taken to 3 or 4 Ounces , or the latter to half an
Ounce diffolved in Barly Water, opens the Body,
and caufes an Evacuation of Hot, Cholerick, and
other offenfive Humours -, eafes the Pains and Tor-
ments which come by Obftruftions of the Bowels
and Conftipation of the Belly ; and therefore is
good to Te ufed in Clyfters conducing to thofe pur-
pofes : Taken by Nurfes which give Suck to Chil-
areiyit encreafes their Milk, and helps toexpefforate
pituitous and tough Humours from the Brelt and
Lungs, heals exoriationsof the Stomach and Guts
prevailsagainftthe Phthifick, thePleurifie and other
like Diieafes. Given in Wine, it caufes fpeedv
and eafy delivery to Women in Travel, is profitable
againft the Bloody Flux, as alfo other Fluxes of
the Bowels.

XVIII. The EJfcnce. It has all the Virtues of
the Liquid or lnfpiffate Juices , and being take to an
Ounce or two in a Glafs of Generous Wine, it is

profitable againft inward Convulfions of the j the Althaea , than of any other, it takes away the
Stomach, and Tortions of the Guts. It is alfo pro- 1 roughnefs of the Skin,difcufles Inflammations; and
fitable againft Poifon, fo as the Poifon be prefently ftrengthens Fraftures and Diflocations; mollifies
voided by a Vomit. Bathed upon the affetted and digelts hard Tumors, or fuch as will Apofte-
Frts,\ -I1 is good againft Scurffs, Morphew, mate; digelfs and cleanfes putrid Wounds and
Dandnit, or dry Scabs, whether in the Head or Eating Ulcers, making them fit for a Cure,
other places, and is^ profitable againft Scalding with XXIII. The Cataplafm. Made of the green Herb

vel , Sand, and other Tartarous Matter in the
Reins, U; eters and Bladder, it eafes the Pain and
.caufes fmall Stones and Gravel the more eafily to
dd'cend and to be expelled, for which thing ir is a
molt celebrated Remedy. But tho’ for all thefe
purpoies L ommon Ala/low may be ufed , yet we
generally take the Marjh Mallow firft deferibed in
the next Chapter, which is the chiefeft Mallow of
all others, and is called BiJ'malva , for that it is
twice as powerful in its eftefts as the others, and
you may make ufe either of the Leaves or Roots,
or of both.

XXI. The Louder. It may be made either of
the' Leaves or Roots, or of both, and that either of
the Common Mallow , or of the Altbdta or Marjh
Mallow. Given to a Dram, more or lels, it has the
Virtues of the former Preparations, and is peculi-
arly good againft the Strangury. It is good to be
given to fuch as are troubled with Ruptures, given
in red Barcelonia Wine, or other Scyptick Wine*
and is profitable againft Scrophulous or Strumous
Tumors in the Neck and Throat called the Evil :
it difeufles Swellings in Womens Brefts : and being
given with Milk and Honey, it is fpecial good
againft the Chin-Cough : and given in a ftrong
bodied Wine, induces the healing of Wounds and
Ulcers, and reftores fuch as are ready to faint thro5
the lofs of Blood, or are otherwife hurt by falls or
blows, or Stripes, or have any Ach, Pain, or "Swelling
in the Nerves, Tendons or Mufcles in any part of
the Body. Applyed to green Wounds it prefently
conglutinates and heals them.

XXII. The Ointment or Balfam. If made of
the Mucilage, chiefly of the Roots, and rather of

Water, or Burning by fire, and to help an Eryfipe-
las or Anthonies Fire, and to difeufs all other hot,
red and painful Swellings in any part of the
Body.

XIX. The Decnfhon in Wine or Water. It has the
Virtues of the Juice and EJJence, but not full out fo
powerful ; but prevalent againft moft external De-
icedations. The Feet being Bathed therewith, it
helps much againft Defluxions of Rheum from the
Head, rifing from rhe Stomach ; and if the Head
is waihed therewith, it prevents the fhedding or
falling of the Hair; if a little Honey and Roch
Alum be diffolved in it, it makes an excellent
gargle for any fore Mouth or Throat , for
it cleanfes and heals them in a very fliort
time.

XX. The Syrup. It may be made of the Juice ,
EJJence or Decotdion , with Honey. It is effetlual
againft all the Difeafes before Specified, but is an
admirable Peftotal and Nephtitick. It looiens the
Belly gently, and is effeftual in Clyfters for to
eafe all pains of the Bowels, opening the obltru£i-
ed paffages and making them fiippery : given in-
wardly by the Mouth, it caufes Expefforation,
and helps moft Difeafes of the Breft and Lungs,
as Coughs, Colds, Hoarfnels, Wheezing, Ihort-
oefs of Breath , difficulty of Breathing ; It is
profitable alfo againft Excoriation of the Guts,
Bloody Fluxes , and other Fluxes of the Bowels,
by qualifying the iharpnefs and acrimony of the
Cholerick Humour ; and by its Mucilaginous
property, it eafes the Pains and heals the Ulcera-

and Root it is good againft hardnefs and fhrinking
of the Sinews : laid to the Eyes with a little
Honey, difeuftes their Inflammations, and if apofte-
mated, prevents the coming of a Fiftula. The
Cataplafm made of the btuifed Leaves applyed to
the Stinging of Bees, Wafps, Hornets, yea of the
Scorpion, and the biting of that poyfonous Spider
the Lhalangium , is laid prefently to take away the
Pain, rednefs and fwelling arifing thereupon, and
keeps them from putrifaflion. It it is made of the
Leaves boiled and beaten, with Bean or Batty
Flower, and Oil of Rofes, it is an efpecial remedy
againft Inflamations, and hard Tumors, Apoftems,
and fwellings of the Tefticles and other parts, and
eafes their Pain, as alfo the pain and hardnefs of
the Liver and Spleen, being put upon the place
grieved. The Cataplafm made of the green Leaves
beaten up with Nitre, and applied, draws Splinters,
and Thorns out of the Fleffi. If made of the
mucilage of the Roots with the flower of pouders
of Lin-Seed and Lenugreek-Seel and applyed ,
it gives eafe to pains in any part of the
Body.

XXIV. The Diftillei Water. This being made
when the Plant is in Flower, is good for all
thofe Difeafes the Juice, EJJence , or DecoHi-
on are applyed to, but acis more weakly ; yet it
is much commended to be ufed in Burning Fevers,
and the hot Fits of Agues.

XXV. The Llovoers of Mallows : A Decotticn
of them in water fweetned with Honey, and in
which a little Alum is diffolved , is good againft

Rheum

2 Salmon* j Herbal. Lib. I.

Rhedm in the Eyes, and Inflamations of thole
parts, asalfo makes a good Gargle for lore Mouths
and Throats, cleanfing and healing them in a very
little time.

XX VII. The Seed. If green it is bruifed, and
Infufed in Vinegar, or being dry, it is made into
Pouder, and fo Infufed, it will clean ie the Skin
from Freckles, Tanning, Sunburning, Scu> ft, Mor-
phew, and all other defilements theieof, being well
bathed therewith. And being made into Pouder
(more efpecially the Seed of the Alt baa or Marjh-
Mallow) and given to a Dram, or a Dram and halt
at a time, it gives eale in the Stone, Gravel and
Strangury, and provokes Urire, and this more
efpecially if it be feveral times repeated ^ where
note, that it is bell to be given in Parfley , or
Arfmart , or Onion Water , or l'ome other proper
Diuretick.

CHAP. CCCCLXVL
Of MALLOW Marfli.

1. 'Tp H E Names. It is called in Arabtck ,

JL Chit ini , Chateni , and Ro/a Zameni , and
by Serapio , in one place Alfam : in Greek , 'AxQaU,
Althau /, Tj ’icier*©-, Ibifcus • 'ici«©-, Hibifcus •,
ifi ’ECjV*©-, Ebifcus : in La tine , Althxa , Malva
Marina , Arijlalthaa (from the excellency of its
effefls : _) of fome O/z/r Judaicum , the _7«?a'r Pot-
Herb : and by fome Authors, Biftnalva , and Malva-
vjeus (as it were from Malva and Ibifcus :) in
Englijh , Marfh-Mallow.

II. T/v Kinds. Authors make many forts of
this Plant : but we (hall ddcribe only thefe five
varieties following, i. Althxa vulgaris , £//~-
inalva ; Malva Palufiris Cor At \ Malva ag refits
genus Gefneri .* Malvavifcus Angular £ } Jilt baa
Ibifcus Lobehj , Our Common Marjh Mallow.

2. Althxa palufiris Cytini l lore , Water Mallow,
q. Alt ha a femper virens Bryonin folio % Altb£a fru-
tefeens Bryonia Polio Bauhini , Evergreen Marfh
Mallow. 4. Altbaa lute a , Ahhxa fioribus luteis
/ .obeli] • Althxa Peregina Gefneri s in hortis Altbaa
Tbeophrafii ■, Althxa fioribus luteis palufiris Pent ,
yellow Marfh Mallow. ■>. Alth.ta rofea peregrina ,
tW Americana , Role Marfli Mallow of America.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firft , or Common Marfh-Mallow ,
J; has a Root which is long , Spreading it [elf in-
to manifold parts from one head , 0/ //;«? bignefs
of a Thumb or finger , twy pliant , tough and
bending like Liquorice, of 0 wlaitifh yellow color
on the out fide , OToro white within , full of a
vf cous or flimy Juice , which being laid in
Water , wi// /o thicken it , if it. were Geliy.

From this Root fpring forth feveral foft hoary
white Stalks, riling to be three or four Foot high,
i - reading forth many Branches, the Leaves of which
are foft and hoary of woolly, fomewhat lelfer than

MARSH-MALLOW.

lhofe of the Common Malloio , but .longer pointed
cut for the molt part into fome few Divifions, but
not deep, the Flowers are many, but fmaller than
thofe of the Vulgar Mallow , and white, or tending
to a blufh color * after which come fuch like round
cafes and Seed, as in the Mallow firft deferibed.

WATER - M A L LOW.

JV. T he

Chap. 467. UngUJb ‘Herbs .

673

IV. The fccond , or Water Mallow, (or Marfh
Mallow red Flowere d.) It has a Root which is long ,
white, and tough, feme what like the former , but
nothing fo great or mucilaginous. From which
come forth many foft Leaves, l'omewhat like unto
thofe juft before deferibed, but not fo foft or
whitilh,' but of a pale green color on the upper
fide, and whiter underneath, longer alfo, and dented
fomething deeper about the edges. Handing upon
long Foot Stalks ; among which rife up divers
round green Stalks, 5 or 4 feet high, bearing the
like Leaves on them, at feveral diltances: from
the Joints of the Leaves, towards the tops of the
Stalks, and at the tops of them likewife come forth
the Flowers, confining of five Leaves, longer and
rarrower than in other Mallows-, not broad but
pointed at the Ends , of a deep reddilh purple
color, tending to an Orange, and fometimes paler
or more diluted , and in lome Plants of a white
color, with divers threads Handing in the middle,
about a fmall green head, which in time becomes
the Seed Veflel, or round Bladder, in lhape like
the Fruit or Seed Veflel of round Arijio/ocbia, or
Birth-wort , of a fad brownilh color, in which is
contained ( in five divifions) fmall blackilh or
brownilh Seed.

V. T he third, or Evergreen Marfh Mallow. Its
Roots are difperfed into Jeveral parts under Ground ,
and die not , but retainfome of the Leaves upon them
all the Winter, alt ho the Stalks die and perijk away.
This Evergreen A/thata has many fair large, whitilh
green Leaves, fomewhat thick, full of Veins, and
rough or hairy, but whitilh or hoary underneath,
cut in or divided ufually into five parts l'omewhat
like to a Bryonie Leaf The Stalks are hoary ,
white , and round, rifing to be two or three Feet
high, having fuch like large Leaves upon them,
and fmaller alfo among them, Handing all of them
upon long Foot Stalks. The Flowers are l.ke unto
thofe of the Mallows, and much about the fame
color, confifting of five broad pointed Leaves,
having many red threads in the middle : after
which come Hat Leav’d Heads, Inch as other
Mallows have, wherein is contained fuch like fmall
Seed.

VI. The fourth, or Yellow.Marfh-Malldw. Its
Root is not great or long, but with divers Fibres at
it, and perifhes every year. This A/thtea rifes up
with one foft, woolly,- green, round Stalk for the
moft part, feldom with more ; divided oftentimes
even from the bottom into divers Branches. At
every Joint Hand feveral large round Leaves, as foft
as Velvet, pointed at the Ends, and dented about
the Edges, hanging down at the end of long
Stalks which Hand forth right. The Flowers (land
fingly but one at a Joint with the Leaf, which is
fmall and yellow, compolbd of five fmall pointed
Leaves, Handing in a fmall green Husk ; which
being patt, there fucceed foft green Pods or Seed
Veflels, turning black when they are ripe,
compofed of many fmall Horns or Pods let toge-
ther, like unto an Head, or Seed Veflel of Fraxi-
nella , in every one of which is contained fmall,
black, roundilh Seed.

VII. The fifth , or Rofe Marfh-Mallow of
America. It has a Root which is thick, white , and
flejhy , which abides fafe in the Earth all the Winter,
tho 'the Stalks die away , and perijh every year.
This Plant ihoots forth about May, feveral
round greenilh, foft, branched Stalks like to the
firft Althiea or Marfh-Mallow, befet with feveral
foft green Leaves, which are grey underneath,
refembling the firft Althaa but longer pointed :
at the tops of the Stalks and Branches Hand
feveral white Flowers, made of five large

Leaves apiece, fomewhat like a Hollthock,
with a tuft of white threads, compailing a mid-
dle Umbone or Pointel, ilfuing our of a great
Button or Husk, which is as it were Ribbed,
and broad at the bottom , narrowing to the
top, before the Flower blows, and without
any lmell.

VIII. The Places. The firft grows in moft of
the Salt Marches from Woolwich down to the
Sea, both on the Kentijh, and Effex Shore,
and may be found near Woolwich , Erith , Green-
hith, Gravefend , Tilbury , Lee, Colchejler , Har-
wich, and in moft Marlhes about London:
being Planted in Gardens , it profpers well, and
continues long. The fecond Canierarius fays, he
found in Italy, and in abundance, about the River
Amejis j hard by Anguilara , wiiere men pals over
that River •, and in the moift and Marfhy places of
Ferraria between Padua in Italy and the River
Endanas. The third is not known in what place
it is a Native. The fourth, its Seed is brought
to us from Italy and Spain, where it grows in wet
Grounds near Lakes, Rivers, and Ponds j we year-
ly Sow it in our Gardens, the which does feldom
or never bring forth Seed to ripenefs, for which
caufe fake, we are forced to have frefli Seed from
the afore named places. The fifth was brough
(as Commits fays) out of Africa , but now, this
as all the other four Kinds, are Nuril up with us
in Gardens.

IX. The Times. They all Flower in the Sum-
mer Months, from May to the end of Auguft ,
and the Seed ripens in the mean Seafon^ faving
that the yellow and red Flowered, do Flower in the
latter end of Summer , but fo, that if the Seafon
:s not fair and warm, they never yield ripe
Seed.

X. Tide Qualities , Specification , Preparations ,
Virtues, uno. L /os or thefe, are the fame with
thofe or the Common AXallow in the laft Chap-
ter, faving that the firft Althcea , or Common
Marfh-Mallow in this Chapter, is of more than
double Virtue to any of them, or any other in
. this or in the following Chapters ^ and therefore
ought to be chofen, and have the preference
before them all, for all the purpofes and ufes
before exprefled, and to which they are in-
tended.

CHAP. CCCCLXVII.

Of M A L L O W Vervain.

1. /“p H E frames. It is called in Greek,
X ’Atoi*: ab dxK>), robur , pnefidium , quafi
aeter is robujhor & cjficatior foret , as Label fays:
in Latine , A Ice a, and by fome Malva Salvatica :
in Englifh , Vervain Mallow .

II. The Kinds. Authors make many Kinds of
this Plant, as I. Alcea Vulgaris , Malva Verbena-
ca, Alcea major , Herb a Ungarica Anguilara , Our
Common Vervain Mallow. 2. Alcea Vulgaris Flore
Corneo , Common Vervain Malllow with blufh
Flowers. 3. Alcea Vulgaris Tlore albo , Common
Vervain Mallow with white Flowers. 4. Alcea
minor Matthioli , Tragi , Lf aliorum , fmall Vervain
R r r 1 Mallow

Salmons 'Herbal.

Lib. 1.

Mallow. 5. Alee (i minor , Alee a Villofa Dalecham-
pij & Lugdunenfis -, frriatl hairy rough Vervain
Mallow’. 6. A lee a Veficaria , Ato Percgrina ,
Alcea Venera, Venice Vervain Mallow, Venice Mal-
low, and good Night at Noon. 7. A/to
phyllca, Aleea fruticofu Cannabina ■, A/to fruticofa
pentaphyllea , A/re<* Cannabini folio , ££ pentaphylli
folio 5 Cinkfoil or Hemp like Vervain Mallow.
8. Tito Americana , Sdbddriffd or fab dan fa ,
American Vervain Mallow , or Thorney Mal-
low.

Itbe Defer iptiotiSi

HI. The firfi, or Common Vervain Mallovir. It
has a Root which is long , /wjgfr, and white , but
fomewhat more Woody within. The lower Leaves of
this Plant are Loft and green, fomething like to the
Wild Common Mallow Leaves, but Lefler, and more
cut in on the Edges, befides the denting: but
thofe which grow up higher upon the Stalk, fwhofe
' Bark may be broken into herds or threads like
Hemp , and fometimes as high as the ordinary Wild
Kind is) are more cut in and divided, fomthing
like unto Vervain : The Flowers are of a paler
purple color than thofe of the Common Mallow *
but in molt, not fo much divided into feveral
Leaves, and laid fo open, but abiding more clofe,
or lefs fpread, and oftentimes without thofe Stripes,
being fmooth and a little Ihining-, the Seed and
Seed Veffels, are like thofe of the Common Mal-
low.

IV. The fecond , or Common Vervain Mallow
with blufh Flowers. Its Root is much like , and lives
as the Root of the Common Mallow does. This has
long Stalks, and Flowers like unto the Common
Wild Kind, and of the fame deep color * fo that

Vervain MALLOW.

you can fcarcely know it from that ordinary Kind,
(and is found growing Wild together with it,) but
only by the Leaf, which is as round and as large as
the former, but cut into rtlanv tine Divifions, even
to the Stalk which upholds it •, io that it leems to
confilt only of Rags, or pieces of Leaves, there is
allb another Plant of this Kind growing in all re-
fpe&s, like to this jult now deferibed, but differing
only in the color of the Flowers, which are of the
fame blufh or light Carnation color, not much
differing, but with feme Veins therein* of a deeper
color.

V. The third, or Common Vervain Mallow with
white Flowers. The Roots of this are like the firfi *
from which it differs fomething in its Leaves for that
thefe are more finely cut in on the edges than that is :
but in the Flower confilt the chief difference, for
that this is white, yet tending to a little blufh :
the Seeds are all'o like the firlt.

VI. The fourth, or Small Vervain Mallow. This
is a lefjer Kind, never growing fo great or high
(is the others, but is lower like as the Small MA-
lowi The Leaves hereof, are more divided, and cut
in on the Edges, and moft ufually into five parts*
being deeply dented allb. The Flowers are purple,
like the Common Vervain Mallow, but leffer, in which
conlilts the difference.

VII. The fifth, or Small, hairy, rough, Vervain
Mallow. Its Root is of a pale brown color, about
the length of a Mans hand, with fmall Fibres ad -
joyning to it. It has many very low and hairy Stalks,
not above a foot high, divided into leifer Branches,
fetwith feveral fmall hoary hatiy Leaves, cut into
three or more divifions. At the top of the Stalks
and Branches come forth feveral large purple
Flowers , like unto the firft Kind , but every one
ftanding in a hairy Husk, fo as ir is almolf prickly 1
after which comes black Seed , contained in thofe
hairy Husks, but more clofely indoled in them, than

! in the others.

VIII. The fltcth , or Venice Vervain Mallow. It
hits a Root, which is long and fmall perifhing
every Tear. It has long and weak Stalks, molt
ufually lying or leaning upon the Ground : having
here and* there upon them long Leaves and fome-
what broad, cut in orgathed very deeply on both
edges.-, fo that it leems as if it were divers Leaves
let together, every one Handing upon a long foot
Stalk* at the Joints of thefe Stalks where the
Leaves are fet, come forth feveral Flowers, Handing
upon long foot Stalks, which are fome what larger
than any of the former Flowers, confifling of five
Leaves, fmall at the bottom, and wide at the brims,
of a whitifh color tending to a blufh, and fometimes
all white, with fpots at the bottoms of* the Leaves
on the infides, of a very deep purple or murrey
color, which adds a pleafing grace to the Flower,
which has a long pointel or peltel in the middle as
yellow as Gold. Thefe Flowers are fo quickly
laded and gone , that you can fcarcely fee any of
them blown open, unlefs it be betimes in the Morn-
ing, before the Sun fhines warm upon them -, for
as foon as they feel the heat of the Sun they
clofe up, and never open again * fo that you fhall
very feldom fee a Flower blown open in the day
time, after nine a Clock in the Morning. After
thefe Flowers are paH, there come up in their places,
thin, round, fhining, or tranfparent Bladders*
pointed at the top, and ribbed down all along*
in which are contained fmall, round, blackilh
Seed.

IX. The f eventh , or Cinkfoil or Hemp-like
Vervain-Mallow. It has Roots which are great and
long, Spreading in the Ground like unto the Roots of
Marlh-Mallow, and Springing up a jrefh every

year

Chap; 468. Englijb Herbs.

year from the fame Root. Its Scalks are very long,
hard, or Woody, more than any of the other Mal-
lows-. at the lower part whereof, and up to the
middle, Hand feveral Leaves upon long Foot-Stalks,
parted of divided info five Parts or Leaves, and’
dented about the edges. But upwards from the
middle to the top, the Leaves have but three Divi-
fions. Among thefe Leaves Band large wide open
Flowers , of the color of the Common- Mallow,
after which follows the Seed, which is fmaller than
in any other Mallow.

X. The eighth, or American Mallow, wThorney
Mallow. It has a Root which is fibrous or firmgy,
and quickly perijhcs ; for it will Jcarcely endure in
our cold Country to yield Viewers, much lefs Seed,
un/efs it happens in a kindly year, and be planted in
a good warm place, and well tended. It has green
Leaves, which ly next the Ground, v hich are al-
molt round, but pointed at the end, and dented ve-
ry much about the edges. The other Leaves which
grew upon the Stalk, are divided into three parts
like unto Trefoil , and fomeot them into fiveDivi-
Sons, all of them dented about the edges. The
Stalk is reddilh, with fome harmlefs prickles in
feveral places upon it, and in a good Soil rifes Up
to be 3 or 4 feet high, efpecially if the place is
warm , and the year kindly, bearing plenty of
Flowers upon the Stalks, one at the foot of every
Leaf, the top it felf ending in a long Spike, as it
were of Buds and Leaves together. The Flowers
are of a very pale yellow, tending to a white color,
fpotted in the bottom of each of the five Leaves'
with a deep purple fpoc, broad at the lower part,
and ending in a point about the middle of the
Leaf, which are quickly fading, and not abiding
above one day, with a long Pointel in the middle
divided at the top. After the Flower is paft, there
comes forth a (hort prickly Pod, fet within a fmall
green Husk or Cup, which bore the Flower, in
which is contained whitilh, or rather brownifh
yellow Seed, flat and fomewhat round like unto
the Seed of the Hollihock.

XI. The Places. The firft grows very "commonly
in Kent, and in many other Counties of England,

'n *'ome P'aces more frequent than the
firft Common Mallow is : It grows in a Field as
you go to Hampfted Church from the Town
The fecond grows alfo in many places of Eng-
land. The third has been found at Weflcrham
in Kent. The fourth has alfo been found in
fome places in Kent. The fifth has likewife
been found Wild in feveral parts of England
The fixth grows in Italy and Venice in' Gardens
as alfo with us, being more plentiful in thefe
colder Climes, than in thofe hotter. The feventh
grows, as Cluftus fays, in many places of Ger-
many, with us only in Gardens. The eighth was
firft brought to us out of the IVeji -Indies , but
by reafon it has an Ardbick Name adjoyned to it
lam apt to believe it may alfo be a Native of Africa
alfo, and has been found in fome parts of
Arabia.

XII. The Times. They all Flower from the
beginning of June , to the beginning of Auguft
in which times, and not long after, the Seed is
laid to ripen.

XIII* The Vitalities , Specification , Trepanations
virtues and Ufes , are much the fame with thofe
or the Common Mallow , in Chap. 465. aforegoing
to which we refer you.

75

CHAP. CCCCLXVIII.

Of MALLOW Tree or Shrub.

I . ^ h E Names. _

-1 this Plant has, but you may call

I know no Greek Name that

Ma/ar/jj SetfivuSm x} « h/SeiKn i & 'AM* GufytJM^Ar-
SexK>i : in Tat me , Malva , vel A/thcea arborea, vel
fruticofa : in Englifh, Tree or Shrub Mallow.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral forts of this
Plant, as 1. Malva arborea manna nojlras, vel
Anglican our Englifh Sea Tree Mallow. ' 2. Malva
Rofea arborea Indie a, Rofea Sinenfis Eerrarij • Mal-
va Japonica arborea • Indian Tree Mallow. 3. Al-
thxa b/utex flore albo vel purpureo , Alt baa arborea ,
Shrub Mallow with white or purple Flowers.

'The Defcriptions.

III. The firft or Englifh Sea Tree Mallow. It
has a white great and Woody Root , having many long
firings annexed to it » Its Stalk is Ligneous or
Woody , 5 or 6 Inches in Diameter, and of a
brown hoary color, whereon grow whirifh and
hoary or woolly Leaves, which are foft in feeling,

Englifh Sea Tree MALLOW.

and almoft as large as the Leaves of the Tree Holli-
hock, being as lmooth as Velvet. The Flowers
are of a confiderable largenefs, and of a Diluted
purple color, nor much unlike to the form of the
C ommon Wild Mallow Flower.

IV. The fecond, or Indian Tree Mallow. It has
a Root which is long , white, and Woody, diver fly
Jp? ead under Ground, with fome fmall hibres com -
tng jrom thofe Ramifications. In two or three years
time, in a warm Country, this Plant rifes up to be a
R r r r 2 pretty

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. L

prettV great Shrub, or fniall Tree, whole Stem or
Trunk, being fomewhat white and woody, and 5
or 6 Inches thick, covered with a fmooth whitilh
Bark, whofe lower Branches being Prun’d, the up-
per Ramifications fpread into a round Compals, on
which grow feveral broad rough Leaves fomethmg
like to Vine Leaves, cut into leveral parts, and
dented about the edges, of a fair green color on
the upper fide, and grey ilh underneath, on thick,
long and rough reddilh foot Stalks, fometimes but
one, and oftentimes two or three at a Joynt, which
abide all the Winter without failing away. At the
tops of the Branches come forth the blowers
Handing in green Husks, divided at the tops into
five parts: in fome of thefe Plants, the Flowers
will be (ingle, confiding of five, fix, eight or ten
large crumpled Leaves, all white, or a little bluln
about the edges : in others the Flowers will be very
double, and as large as a Province Rojc , ot the
fame colors; but after they have abiden awhile
blown open, they change more Blufh, and on the
fading, deeper: 'thele changes are often feen in
one and the fame day, yet many tiffies not in two
or three days continuance : in the middle of the
Flowers, Hands a green Head, encompafled with
many yellow threads as the R oft has: which Head
growing to Maturity has leveral ridges and furrows
on the out fide , and full of Seed within, diftin-
guifhei by feveral Partitions ; and are ot a redilh
color, fomewhat fmall, long, round, crooked, and
a little hairy on the back fide. An Hundred fixty
and three Seeds have been taken out of one Seed
Veffel. , . ,

V The third , or Shrub Mallow with white or
purple Flowers. This Kind of Shrub Mallow has
fomewhat large , long , and divided Leaves , of n
whit ijh green color, J oft alfo , and. as it were woolly
in handling, Jet difperfed/y on the whitijh , hard
and woolly Stalks. The Flowers are large like unto
a Angle Rofe, or Hollihock, in the one, being
white, with purple fpots in the bottom : in the
other of a deep red color, or elfo of a pale purple
with a deeper bottom, and with Veins running
in every Leaf, they are fomewhat tender, and
will not fuffer to be uncovered in the Winter
time ot abide abroad in the Garden ; but in a
Pot ’or Tub to be preferved in a Houle or
warm Cellar, if you would have them live.

VI. The Places. The firft grows in England , in
an Iiland called Dinnie, three miles from King-
road, and five miles from Briftoh, as alfo about
the Cottages, near Httrft Caftle , over againft the
IJle of Wight. The fecond was firft brought
from Japan in Seed unto Rome, or fome parts of
Italy, where it was Sown, from whence it was
Communicated to feveral Countrys of Europe, and
in particular to England. The third, grows both
in France and Spain, and with us in England in
Gardens , as the fecond alfo does.

VII. The Times. They all Flower late in the
year, or in the latter end of Summer, fometimes in
Aitguft and September.

VIII. T he Qualities, Specification, Preparations,
Virtues, and XJJ'es, are the fame with thofe of the
Common Mallow, of which we have written in
Chap. 465. aforegoing.

CHAP. CCCCLXIX.

Of MANDRAKE.

I. '"T"' H P. Karnes. It is called in Arabick,
X Jabora and Tabrohacb : in Greek,
y'o&ti in Latino , Mandragoras : and in Englijh,
Mandrake. Diofcorides lays, that ill his time fome
called it ’ArnWaws and Circsea, (from Circe

the great Enchantrefs : ) Pythagoras called it
Anthropomorphos , a forma hutnana,
becaufe the Root has in fome Mealure the likenefs
of an Human Body, with a kind ol Breft and Belly
(as it were) and two Legs.

II. The Kinds. It is twofold, viz. i. M
ftpiiv 1, Mandragoras mas , Candidas ,

Morion , The Male Mandrake, i. NavJ'&w ifl
dritea. £yov{i , Teildxtas '■ Mandragoras famine, Tri-
dacias (of the Lattice like Leaves) and Mandra*
goras Fcminem If ntgre : The Female Man-
drake.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firft, or Male Mandrake. It has a Root
which is long and thick, Blackifh on the out fide and
white within , conftfting many times but of one long
Root, and fometimes divided below its Head or Belly,

into

Chap. q6p, Eftglijh Herbs ,

77

into two main Roots running down right into the
Ground, like to a Alans Thighs and Logs ; and
fomefmtcs ( tho not often) three of thoj'e Roots have
been obferved , which fame by Transplanting have
OccaftonaUy out off for humor or admiration fake ,
and to amuje Tools , to which are annexed ufually
Several J, mall fibres. From this Root fprings up
mahy Leaves together, which being full grovvn,
are fair, large and green, lying round about the
laid Root, and are larger and longer than the
Leaves of any Beet, to which it is likened by Come.
From the middle among thefe Leaves rife up many
Flowers, each one upon a long, Render foot Stalk,
Handing in a whidlh green Husk, confifting of live
pretty large round pointed Leaves, of a greenifli
white color, which turn into fmall round Apples,
being green at firlt, and afterwards when they are
through ripe, as yellow as Gold, very fmooch and
lliining, and as big as a reafonahle 'Pippin, of a
ftpong l'uftbcative or heady Smell , in which are
contained feveral whitilh, round, hat Seeds.

IV. Man.lragoras mas alter ; another Male Man-
drake. This was formerly found growing in rhe
Lord Walton's Garden at Canterbury. Its Leaves
were of a more greyifh green color, and fomewhat
folded together , differing in thefe particulars ,
from the before deformed Plant, which grew there
hard by it alfo: but as to its Fruit it is un-
known for at that time the Plant had not born
any.

V. The fecond , or Female Mandrake. It has a
Root like the former , blaekifh without, and while
with in, near unto the Jame form with the Male
but Sometimes with more, and fometimes with fewer
Parts, or Legs. This has likewile many Leaves,

MANDRAKE Female.

thole of Lett ue, as Dtofcoridcs compaies them, be-
ing mote lliining, and of a ftronger fmell. The
Flowers allp rile up liom among the Leaves, each
upon a flender foot Stalk as in the former, but of
a blewilh purple color. The Fruit which follows,
is much fmaller than that of the Male, but round'
like it, (and not Pear fallnon, as lome have thought
and (aid, and which Clufius , who faw feveral of
them growing, alio denies) of a paler yellow color
when ripe, and of a more pleating, or rathet of a
lels heady lmell, than thole of the Male, in which
are contained l'uch like Seed, But fmaller and
blacker.

\I. The Places. They grow in Woods and
(liady places in many places beyond th e Alps, and in
many places in Italy , efpecially on Mount Garganus
in Apulia , in Gracia, Candia, and other parts of
the Alediteranean Sea , and in Spam, and other hot
Regions, but not naturally on this fide the Alps.
Clufius fays he found the Female in many wet
Grounds in Spain , as alfo in the Borders of thole
Meadows which ly near unto Rivers and Water
Courfes. But with us they are only Nurled up in
Gardens, for plealiire, as well as forule: And the
Female, as it is the more Tender, fo it is the
more Rare, and only kept by luch as are very
Curious.

VII. The Times. The Male Kind Flowers In
Macrh , and the Fruit is ripe in July : Gerard fays
it Flowers in the end of April , and the Fruit is
ripe in Augufl. Clufius lays, he found the Female
in Spain, in Flower in Tebruary, and that in feveral
places of Spain , he had ripe Fruit in the fame
Month. But with us, where it is belt preferved
and taken cate of) it Flowers not untill Augufl or
September-, but without extraordinary Care, (as by
its Situation , help of Glaffes, Coverings and the
like) the Ftuit feldom or never ripens or comes to
perfeftion.

VIII. The Qualities. The Herb , Flower and
Fruit, are faid to be cold in' the third Degree : but
the Root in the fourth Degree, and moilt in the
fecond. It is Stupeiaclive or Soporiferous ; has a
Cathartick or Emetick quality withall; and if
taken in too great a quantity, Deleterious.

helps again!! Anthonies Fire, foftens the hardnefs
of Tumors, and induses Sleep.

X. The Preparations. You may make therefrom,

. A Lit/uid Juice of the Root. 7. An Infpijfate
Juice of the fame 3. A Decodlion in Wine. 4.
An Ophthalmich. 5. A Juice from the Apples 6.
The Seed. 7. vi Suppofttary. 8. A Pejfary. 9. A
Cataplafm of the Leaves. 1 o. A Cataplafam of the
Root. 11. An OH. 12. A Dfti/led Water.

lying on the Ground, but fmrller, narrower, more
crumpled, and of a darker green color, refembling

6y 8

Salmon’ s Herbal.

Lib. L

XII. The Inf pi (fate fuicei Given to a Scruple
in fweet Wine, it purges Flegm and Melancholy by
Vomit, like unto Hellebore but taken in a greater
quantity, it Kills: but for ordinary ufe io Grains
is enough to be taken at a time.

XUI. The Decollion of the Rent or Bark in Wine.
It may be given from half an Ounce to an Ounce
or two, according to Age and Strength-, It isSopo-
riferous, or caufing Sleeps and eafes extream Pains
in any part: and it is fometimes given to fuch,
where an Amputation is to be performed, or have
a Limb or Member to be cut off, to take away
in great meafure the Sence of Pain.

XIV. The Qpbtbalmich It is made either of the
Liquid Juice , or of the Infpijfate Juice , being dif-
folved in fennel or Write Rofe Water , and fweetned
with a little Honey. Being often put inro the
Eyes, it cures their Incarnations and eafes the
Pain.

XV. The Juice of the Apples. It is notfo cold
as that of the Root, and may be ufed in all the
fame cafes : mixt with fennel , Eyebright , or other
proper Water, it makes a good Collyrium for Sore,
Inflamed, and pained Eyes. Bathed upon the Head.
Temples, Fore-head and Noftrils, it induces Sleep
and Reft.

XVI. The Seed. Taken to half a Dram in any
proper Vehicle, it is laid to cleanfe and cool the
Womb; and to give eafe to fuch as have any
Cancer, or other Humour in thofe parts-, the Dole
being often repeated.

and young Hemlock , of each i Ounce ; Opium , Sto-
rax Calami t a , oj each half an Ounce ; mix all
together , except the Opium and St or ax , and. Info-
late for ten days ; after which boil to the Confumpfi-
on oj the Juices and firain out then put in the
Opium in fine Louder ; and after that the Storax
djfolved in half an Ounce of fine Strasburg Turpen-
tine, and mix them according to Art. It is very
Cold; and may be anointed upon the Temples and
Noles of fuch as have a Frenfy-, if the Patient
Sleep too long , dip a Spunge in Vinegar and hold
it to the Noie. It eafes vehement pains of the
Head; as alfo the Toothach, anointed on the Fore-
head , Temples, Noltrils Cheeks and Jaws ; and
tor Watchfulnels and Reftlefnefs, upon the Pul-
fes and Soalesof the Feet. It is good alfo againft
the Gout; -running Gout , and other Inveterate
Pains.

XXII. The difiilled Water. If d little Honey be
dillolved in ir? it is an excellent thing for Hot, In-
flamed and Sore Eyes, and bathed upon Womens
Breafts, which are hard, or pained, or are Cance-
rated, it fottens the hardnefs, and eafes the
Pain.

XXIII. The Antidote. If any one is Poyfoned
herewith; if but juft done, the only remedy is a
Vomit made of Vinum Beneditlum , Tartar Eme-
tick , &c. but if it has been of continuance, the
Antidotes are Cafioreum , Coni r ay erva , Mufiard ,
Origanum , Rue , Scordium , Virginia Snake Root ’
and Wine : and Preparations made from them.

XVII. The Suppofitary. It may be made
of the Liquid or Infpijfate Juice of the Root ^
or of the Root it felt in fubftance, which be-
ing put up the Fundament, will caufe Sleep and
Reft.

XVIII. The Fejfary. * This may likewife be made
of the Juices , or of the Root it felf in Subftance,
being put up the Womb, at the Seafon, it pro-
vokes the Courfes; it alfo brings away the dead
Child, and the Afterbirth.

XIX. The Cataplafm '• of the Leaves. Being
beaten up into form with Hogs Lard-, or Barley
Flower, andapplyed, it will help all hot Tumours
and Inflamations ; difcufs all Hardnefs, Knots, and
Kernels in the Flelh; otherwife if Apoftemated,
it will maturate and caufe fuppuration, and
is good to eafe the Pain of hot and Inflamed
Ulcers.

XX. The Cataplafm of the Roots , Applied to
the Head it eafes the Megrim and other vehement
pains thereof; It cools the heat of Anthonies Fire,
being beaten up into form with the belt Dutch
white Wine Vinegar , and fo applied it eafes
any hot pain in any part of the Body , and
performs all that the Cataplafm of the Leaves
can do.

XXI. Oleum Mandragora , Oil of Mandrakes. The
Compofidon you have in our Pharmacopeia Londinen
7/>, lib. V. chap. II .fell. 52. which becaufe every one
has not that Book in their Hands, we will incert here.
It is thus made, Take Oil Olive 2 Founds ; Juice oj
Mandrake Apples , or Juice of the Leaves , 4
Ounces ; Juice oj white Henbane 2 Ounces ; Juice
oj black Poppy Heads 3 Ounces ; Juice of Violets

CHAP* CCCCLXX.

Of MARIGOLD Carden.

I. 'T' HE Karnes. It is called in Greek , (if it
A has any ancient Greek Name) Xp v^yQ^oy
lifjii&v ; in Latine , Chryfanthemum hortenfe , Caltha
hortenfis , £7 Calendula bortenfis ; in Englifh , Gar-
den Marigold.

II. The Kinds of Marigolds. There are a great
Variety of this Plant, which to deferibe all would
be very troublelome ; thofe which we fhall take
notice of in this Work are the following, viz.
1 . Caltha , vel Calendula hortenfis , the Garden Ma-
rigold: of which in this Chapter. 2. Flos Africa-
nus , The African or french Marigold , of which in
Chap. 471. 3. Chryfanthemum fegetum , the Corn
Marigold \ of which in Chap. 472. 4. Chtyf an-
them urn vel Caltha Paluflris , the Alarfh-Marigold ,
of which in Chap. 473. following.

III. The Kinds of the Garden Marigold. There
are alfo feveral Kinds of this Plant, as 1. Calendula
fimplex vel fimplici F lore , the Single Marigold :
where note, that the Name Calendula comes from
the Calends or firft days of the Months, wherein
they were thought chiefly to Flower. 2. Cbryfan-
t he mum (from its golden color) Po/yanthinum ,
Caltha vel Calendula major Folyanthos , the greater

double

double Marigold. * . Cult ha vel Calendula Po/yafi-
tbina vulgaris , rhe common double Marigold. 4.
Calendula Polyanthina minor , the lefler double Mari-
gold. 5. Calendula multiflora Orbiculat a, the double
Globe Flowering Marigold. 6. Calendula Proli-
fera , the many headed Marigold , called by Tome
Jack an Apes on Horf e-back, and this is alio two-
told.

T be Descriptions*

IV. The fir ft, or Common fingle Marigold. It
has a white Root which Jpreads it felj under
Ground , fometimes abides after Seeding and fome-
times perifhes , fifing again of its own Seed j
there is little or no difference between this and the
following Kind , but in the Flowers , this confifting
only of one fingle row. of gold colored or yellow
Leaves, and fome of a paler, and fome of a deeper
yellow , (landing about a great brownifti yellow
Thrum in the Middle $ the Seed alfo, is alike, but
for the molt part, greater than that of the double
Kind.

MARIGOLD ,

\ . The fecond , or Greater double Flouted Mari-
gold. The Root of this is alfo white , and Jpreads
in the Ground , abiding in fome places after the
Seeding time , tho * for the moft part it perifhes
and rifles again of its own Seed. It has pretty large
round . green Stalks , branching out from the
Ground, into many parts , on which are fet long,
flat, green Leaves, broader and rounder at the point
than any where elfe, and fmaller alfo at the letting
S° ri e Stalks» tvhere it encompaffes it about;
ine Flowers are fometimes very thick and double

(breaking out of a Scaly, clammy, green head)
compofed of many rowes of Leaves, fet fo clofe
rogether tone within another, that no middle
thrum can be ieen: and fomtlmes lefs double
having a fmall brown fpot of a Thrum in the mid-
dle, and forhetimes but of two or three rows of
Leaves, with a large brown Thrum in the middle,
every one of which is fomewhat broader at the
point, and nicked into two or three corners, of an
excellent fair, gold yellow colour in fome, and
paler in others, and of a pretty ftj«ng and refinoui
™el*' , ,Afler fhe blowers are pait , Heads of
crooked Seed follow turnning inwards, of which
theourward moft are the bigeft, and rhe innermolt

VI The third, or Common double Marigold;
The Root of this thick is and hard with fome fibres
or 1 breads adjoyntng thereto. From, this Roof
lpring up many far thick crumpled Leaves fet
upon a grofs and fpungy Stalk ; upon which do
grow fair, double, yellow Flowers, having for the
molt part in the middle, a bunch of Threads thick

sLT;heri rWh:t lle‘"g P3ft> Heads of cr°oked
beed follow, fuch like as are deferibed in the for-
mer;

T,vl|- The fourth , or Leffef double Marigold;

‘h's is like the former-, It is a fmaller,
and finer double Leaved Plant, and grows upright
having for the moft part one Stem, or fpungy
Staft repleat with thick and fat Leaves confufed-
iy- The blowers grow at the tops of the fmall
Branches, very double, bbt teller than any of the
former, _ confifting of a more fine Jaggednefs, and
ot a fair, yellow, gold color.

The fifth, or Double Globe Flowering Mari-
gotd ■ It has a Root much like the others , frobi
which rife up mam large broad Leaves (immediate-
ly out of the Ground) and from among which
rues up alfo a Stalk about a foot and a half high
dividing it felt towards the top into other fmaller
Branches; repleat and fet with the like Leaves but
conluledly , or without any order; The Flowers
grow at the Tops of the Stalks very Double- the
imall Leaves of which are fet in a very regular
order, by certain Ranks or RotVs , as feveral lines
are in a Globe, traverfing the whole Compafs of
the fame; whereupon it .took the Name Orbicttlati.
There is another of this Kind, which differs no-
thing ih its Defcription from ir, excepting in the
color of the Flowers, thefe heing blowers Of a
vety light -yellow orStraw color, in which confifts
the only difference.

V ,°r Many Headed Marigold. Its

^ r\S[ih.' aAd ore like to the Common

fott of Mangold dtfermg only the Jhape of the
l lowers -iot this Plant does bring forth at the top
ot the Stalk, one Flower like the other Marigolds,
from tne winch come forth leveral other final!
b ovvers, yellow likewife; and of the fame fiifhion-
Tlus is thought by fome Authors to be per aoci-
dens, or lufus Nature; , which fometimes comes
to pafs 111 feveral other Flowers alfo; as Tome
Children are born with two Thumbs on one Hand
or with two great Toes, or With fix or feven
lingers, and fometimes two Arms or Hands on ore
fide, tc. And fuch is the Seed of this Marigold
which yet, if It befown, it brings forth not one
flower in a thoTiland, like rhe Plant from whence

Ml'J!/taben'- Tihereis another prolifick, or many
Headed A bange d , coming from the Seed of the
Double Mangold , and is doubdtfs a Degenefatt
Kind; whereas the forrner fnany Fleaded, always
fprings from the Seed of the fingle Kind, and pro-
duces the diminutive Flotvers upon very much foa
longer foot Stalks.-

X. T he

68o

Salmon1 s Herbal. Lib. I.

X. T be Pldces. We know of no Native place
whence theie Plants thould come, with us they ne-
ver grow Wild, but always in Gardens, where
they profper admirably •, but the firft fingle Kind
is laid to grow Wild in Spain.

XI. T be Times. The Flower from April and

May, thro’ all the Simmer Months, even till Win-
ter ; and fometimes even in Winter time if the
Seafon be warm. , . ,

XII. T be Qualities. The Flowers are hot in the
firft Degree, and temperate in rel'peft of drynefs er
moifture. The Herb is hot almott in the lecond
Degree, and moift in the firft. They ate Emollient,
Cardiack, and Alexipharmick.

XIII. The Specification. They refill Poylon,
as alfo Malign and Peftilential Fearers, provoke
the Terms and bring away both Birth, and After-

II. T be Kinds. There ar^* feveral Kinds of
this Plant, as, I. Flos A jricanus major fimplex ,
vel Jimplici Ylore , the Great fingle African Mari-
gold. 2. Flos Africa nits minor fimplex, vel fhnpha
Wore, the Lefler fingle African Marigold. 3. Flos
African us major multiplex, Flos Africanus marinas
multiplex vel Polyanthos , the Great or Greater
double African Marigold, a . Flos Africanus minor
multiplex , the Lelfer double African Marigold-
5. Wos Africanus Wore Ffiulofo fimplex Cf
multiplex, the Hollow or FiltuloUs African Mari-
gold, both fingle and double, as Fabius Columna
calls it.

The Descriptions.

Dirui. _ . ,

XIV. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. A Juice of the Leaves. 2. A Juice of
the Flowers. 3. A Conferve of the F lowers. 4. A
diftillcd Water of the Leaves and Flowers <

T be Virtues .

XV. The Juice of the Leaves. Given from one

Ounce to three it loofens the Belly, and Purges by
Stool: and ufed as a Gargarifm in the Tooth-ach,
it eafes the Pain. .

XVI. The Juice of the Flowers. It is Cordial,
comforts and ftrengthens the Heart very much
refills Poyfon, and is prevalent againlt Peltifential
Fevers. Dofe from half an Ounce to an Ounce
in a Glafs of Generous Wine.

XVII. The Conferve of the Flowers. Taken in
the Morning Falling , it Cures the Palpitation or
Trembling of the Hearty and is given as a Prophy-
laflick or Prefervative in time of Plague or Pelti-

lence. _ T ,

XVIII. The Diftillcd Water of Leaves and
Flowers. Dropt into Red and Rheumatick Eyes,
it cools the lnflamation, Hops the Rheum, and
eafes the Pain.

CHAP. CCCCLXXI.

Of MARIGOLD African.

I. qpiiE Karnes. It has no^ Arabick nor Greek
X Name that I know of ^ in Latine, it is
called Flos Indicus , Caryophylus lndicus , if Flos
Africanus , Caltha Africana, Flos Tunitenfis , Pedna
Pccnorum : in Englifh, African Marigold, and by
fome French Marigold, (tho it is no more Wench
than Englifh.) Where note, that fome, as Lacuna
think it to be Othona Plinij : others Lycoper-

ficum Galeni , but with what truth is uncer-
tain.

III. The firft, or Greater fingle African Mari-
gold. It has a Root fpreading much in the Ground
and full of fmall firings : and it is in all things fo
like to the double greater Kind , that it is hard to
dilhnguifh it from it, but by the flowers, only the
Stalk of this is browner than that of the double ;
and it has been obferved that this fingle Kind does
every year rife from the Seed of the double Flower :
So that when they are in Flower, you may fee the
difference (or not much before, viz. when they
are in Budt) this fingle. Flcwer ever appearing
with a Head of Thrums in the middle, and the
Leaves, which are the border Handing about them,
(hewing hollow or Filtulofe * which afterwards
lay themlelves fiat and open (the double Flower
appearing with all its Leaves folded clofe toge-
ther, without any Thrums at all : ) and are of a
deeper or paler color, as in the double.

MARIGOLD African fingle fmall.

IV. The

IV. T be fecond , or LfeiTer fingle African Mari-
gold. T his very much rcfcmbles ibe Lejjer double
in every proportion , in the Roots , Stalks , Leaves,
and Seeds : Only the Flowers of this are fingle,
having five 'or fix broad Leaves, of a deep'
yellow crimfon color, with deep yellow Thrums
in the middle , and of a ltrong (linking fmell.
more than thofe of the lefler double.

V. The third , Great, or Greater double African
Marigold. It has a Root which is Jmall and jull
of firings, J'pr ending much under Ground. It is

Q 0 fSd Slfncan double great.

contained i fer thick and clofe together upright,
of a black color , and fomething fiat and long’
The Flower of this, as well as of the fingle, is of
the very fmell of New Wax, or of an Honey
Comb, and not of that Poyfonous Scent of the
(mailer Kinds.

VI. The fourth, or LefTer double AfricanMari-
gold. The Roots are like the former but l offer.
Its Leaves alfo are in all things like unto the former,
but fmaller , which are fet upon rownd brown
Stalks, not fo (tiff or upright, but bowing and
bending feveral ways, and fometimes leaning, or
lying upon the Ground. The Stalks are branched

a Noble Double Flower, which is the Grace and
Glory of the Garden in the time of its Flowering
and Beauty : The Plant riles up with a (fraight and
hard, round, green Stalk, having fome crelts or
edges all along the Stalk, befet with long winged
Leaves •, every one whereof is like to an Afh Leaf,
being compofed of many long and narrow Leaves,
fnipt or dented about the edges., (landing by
couples one againft another , with an-©dd one at
the end , of a dark or full green color. The
Stalk riles to be three or four feet high , and
divides it felf from its middle upwards, into many
Branches, fet with fuch like Leaves to the Tops of
them, every one bearing one double Flower, of a
gold, yellow color above, and paler underneath ;
yet fome are of a pale yellow, and fome between
both, and all thefe riling from the 'Seed of one
and the fame Plant. The Flower before it
is blown open, has all its Leaves hollow : but w hen
it is full blown, it fpreads it felf larger than any
Damask or Province Rofe, or equal to it at the
leaft, if it grows in good Soil, and riles out of a
long green Husk (Iriped or furrowed ^ in which
after the Flower is pad ( which (lands in its full
Beauty a Month, and fometimes more ^ and being
gathered, may be preferved in its full Beauty for-
two Months after, if let in Water; the Seed is

out varioufly, on which grow fair double Flowers,
like the former, and in the like green Husks, but
lefler $ and in fome, the outwardmoft Leaves will
be larger than any of the reft, and of a deeper
orange color, almoft crimfon, the innermoft being
of a deep gold yellow color, tending ito crimfon.
The whole Flower is fmaller, and.of a ftranger and
more, unpleafant fmell: but for its doublenefs,
beautiful color, and pleafantnefs to the Eye, it
furpafles almoll all other Flowers which grow.
The Seeds are like to the former.

VII. The fifth , or Single and Double African
Marigold, with hollow or pipe Leaves. As the
former greeted forts of Africans fingle and double
have r if en from the Seed of one and the fame Pod
or.. Husk of double Flowers, fo is it in this Pipe
Kind, the fingle and double Kinds rijtng both of them
fiomthe Seeds of one and the fame Slant ; nor does
it differ in any thing from them, but that thefe
are lower, and have fmaller green Leaves- and
that the Flower being fmaller, has every Leaf
abiding hollow, like unto a hollow Pipe, broad
open at the Mouth, and is of as deep a yellow
color for the moll parr, as the deepeft of the
lormer ; and yer fometimes it is alfo pale.

S f IT VIII, The

682 SalmonV

VIII. The Places. They grew naturally in
Africa , about Tunis , and. where old Girt huge
lioodj from whence long ago, they were
brought into Europe where with us, they are
only kept in Gardens, and tiourifh wonderous
well, being Sown for the moft part every year,
unlefs in i'ome mild Winters. But that Kind with
hollow or Pipe-Leaves, comes not from Africa ,
but from Mexico in America , and is fo denomi-
nated according to Vabius Golumna.

IX. The Times. They are to be Sown in the
beginning of April , if the Seafon falls out to be
warm , otherwife they mult be Sown in a Bed of
Dung, or in very good Earth, and in a warm place.
They bring forth their plealant Flowers very late,
not till towards the end of Summer , efpecially the
greater Kinds j but the leffer, if they abide all the
Winter , do Flower more early ^ for this reafon
thofe which are of the later flowering, ought to
be Sown the more early, that they may Flower and
Seed fo early, as not to be overtaken with the
Froft, before the Seed is ripe.

X. As to the Vitalities, They are unknown far-
ther than that have been found, by experience to
be of a deleterious nature : and therefore no other
Ofervations have been made of them as to their
Virtues and Ufes in Phyfical Pra&ice: their chief
defign in this Book, being to bring them in Courfe,
for the Ornament of our Englijh Gardens , where
they already appear fo Beautiful and defirable to
the Eye.

CHAP. CCCCLXXII.

Of MARIGOLD Corn.

I. 'T' H E Karnes. It is called in Greek ,
1 XfuoxyQe^ov : in La tine, Chryfanthemum 5 ab
aureo F lor is colore fic Bill urn : and in Englijh ,
Corn Marigold.

II. The Kinds. There are many forts of this
Plant, but not above two or three varieties grow
in England ■, one in our Cornfields , the other in
our Gardens yet becaufe feveral ethers of them
are found in fome of our Plantations in the WeJ}-
Jndies, we fhall defer ibe the following, viz. 1.
Chryfanthemum fegetum noftras, Beilis lute a Bauhini,
the Corn Marigold of our Country. 2. Chryfanthe-
mum Creticum , the Candy Corn Marigold. 3 . Chry-
fanthemum fegetum Bceticum , the Spamjh Corn
Marigold. 4. Chryfanthemum latifolium Americanum ,
vel Brafilianum, Broad Leaved American or Bra fi-
ll an Corn Marigold. Authors make five or fix
Kinds more of this Plant, but being wholy ftrangers
with us, we fhall fay no more of them in this
place.

‘Herbal. Lib. I.

The Descriptions.

III. The firft , or Corn Marigold of oar
Country. Its Root perijhes every year , and the
Plant rifes 'again of its own Sowing. It rife up
with feveral tender, pale, green, Herby Stalks,
breaking forth into fome few Branches, with feve-
ral long, blewiih, green Leaves, let without order
on them, being narrow at the Bottom, and broader

COR N-MA R I C 0 L D.

♦

at the end, cut in a little on both edges: the
blowers grow fingly at the top of every Branch
being large, growing out of green Scaly heads’
and of a Alining yellow color , both the Thrums,
and the borders of the Leaves about it: each
Leaf being broad oi flat pointed, and cut
into three or four parts, l'melling a little
fweet.

IV. The fecond, or Candia Corn Marigold.
It has a Root which pcrijhes every year , and
rifes again ( as the other does ) of its own
Sowing 0/) Seed. It js a fair Flower, and has
for the moll parr one upright Stalk , two feet
high, on which are fer many winged Leaves,
at every Joint one; divided and cut into feve-
ral parts ; and they again parted into feveral
pieces or Leaves. The Flowers grow at the
tops of the Stalks, riling out of a fcaly
Head, compofed of ten or twelve large Leaves
of a fair, but pale yellow color; and more
pale, almoil white at the bottom of the Leaves
round about the yellow Thrum in the middle’

being

Chap, 473*

Herb ,

'tfi

68]

3

MARIGOLD Corn of Ccccr.

O R,

Mathiolus bis Corn MARIGOLD.

VIII. The Times. The firft Flowers in AucuH-
the lecond in June-, the others in the end of Sum-
mef a™ Wmetimes To late, that the early Frofts

nefs"S ne'el' fufferS 'tS Seed 10 come t0 its riPe_

IX. The Quilities. They are laid to be tem-

moilture W hear> or coldD^; drynefs or

, X; TJ,e Preparations. You may have thereftom
j J Juice. 2. A half am or Cerole, '

A Sallei. 3

oeing both larger and fweeter than any of the
the other Corn Marigolds. After which follows
the Seed which is whitifh and Chaffie.

V. The third , or Spanilh Corn Marigold. The
Stalks hereof are harder and browner than thofe of
the firft , and ft and more upright : the Leaves are
greener and not fo much divided or cut in on the
edges as they are : the Flowers are not of fo (hi-
tting a yellow color, but of fomewhat a deeper
yellow : and the Seed is fmall and whitifh, and is
bitter as the firft is ; tho’ the Herb is fweet and eaten
as a Sallet Herb : and in thefe things conlilt the
difference.

VI. The fourth , or Broad Leav’d American or
Braftlian Corn Marigold. Its Root perijhes every
year in like manner as the others do. It is a Mari-
gold which is fweet, and fprings up with a Stalk
about half a yard high, fomething tough and
crefted , having leveral Leaves fet thereon , of
four or five Inches long., and two broad , encom-
patfing it at the bottom, and growing linaller to
the end, fomething dented about the edges, with
fltarp dents : from the Bofom of whom , come
forth fomewhat long foot Stalks , fudaining each
of them a fair yellow Flower , fet in a green
Husk cr Cup having feven or eight Leaves for
a Border, dented at the ends, and eucompalling a
middle Thrum, confiding of long Threads, in
which afterwards lies the Seed, very like unto the
Spanijh Kind.

VII. The Trices. The firll of thefe grows
commonly in Corn-fields , and about their Borders,
or where Corn has been formerly Sown, both in
England and beyond the Sea : The others grow alfo
in Tilled and Corn Lands in Foreign Coun-
tries; btit with us ate Nurd up only in Gar-
dens,

The Virtues.

XI. The Liquid Juice , being drank By fuch
as have the yellow Jaundice, after coming
out of a Bath, or from Bathing, it quickly re-
Itores them to their natural color..

XII. The Ba/Jam or Cerote. It is made of the
flowers boiled in Oil to crifpnefs, then drained
and made up with Wax, Frankihcenfe, and
Kolm: .or, beaten up with Oil and Wax- an-
plyed it cures that Tumor called Steatoma
which contains in it a Subdance like Fat or
Tallow, and diflipates other cold and hard
Swellings.

XIII. The Salrit The Stalks and Leaves of
the Corn Marigold are eaten (as Diofcorides
£??•> the ““ of a Sallet, as other

nf- rLHr-rb!/ 3IV- ?Ut l fuPrPofe thls is meant
or the G indy Kind ; tho I know nor but

that ours when very young may be fo eaten

CHAP. CCCCLXXIII.

Of MARIGOLD Marfh.

f' T7{B if tutus. I know no Greek Name
r p3t f. has; but it is called in Latine
La ba Paluftris by Gefner , and Caltha Vir-
githj by Tragus: fome call it Terraria, from
me likenels of its Leaf to a Horfe Sbooe :
C otdus calls it Cheltdonia Paluftris: and Taber ns-
montahus , PopulagQ,ftno' its Leaf is not like either
to the Leaf of the Poplar Tree , nor of Co/ts-Foot
in Engltfh we call it Marjb Marigold.

IL The Kinds. Some Authors make three feve~
ral forts hereof, viz. i. Caltha paluftris Vulgaris
ftmplex major , the Greater fingle Marfh Mari void'
2. Caltha paluftris funplex minor, the Letter
fingle Marfh Marigold. 3* Caltha paluftris multi-
pelx vel flore plena, the Double Marfh Mari
gold.

1 he Deferiptions*

III. The firft, or Greater fingle Marfh Marigold,
// has a Root which is competed of feveral long
Jt rings, which run down deep into the Mire. From
this Root rife up feveral great, broad, round,
deep, green, fhining Leaves, a little dented or
waved about the Edges; each one, on a longu
S f f f 2 thick-,-

684 Salmon J Herbal Lib. I.

Great Marjb Marigold, Common , Single.

I IV. The Second, or Lellei Angle Marfh Mari-
gold. It has a like Root with the former, from
whence rife many round Leaves Spread abroad,
of a dark green color, anaong which rife up

Small Marjb MARIGOLD.

Single Great Marjb Marigold.

thick , round , fiefhy ' Stalk by it felf* among
which rife up , fat , thick Stalks , almolt
a yard high , with fome Leaves thereon :
and at the tops feveral fair , great, gold-yellow
Flowers, like unto Crow-toot blowers, but much
larger, and fhining. We have here exhibited to
you two Figures of this fame Plant for information
fake.

divers Branches, charged with the like Leaves.'
The Flowers grow at the tops of the Branches,
of a raoli fhining yellow color. This Parkinfon
will have to be one and the fame with the former,
being only leffer or greater in one place than in
another.

V. The third, or Double Marfh Marigold. It
has Roots which arc ctmtpofei of many thick , long
and round, whit if h Strings , which run down deep
into the Ground , and there are jajlned very
ftrongly. From this Root come forth man^ broad
and round green Leaves, a little indented or waved
about the edges, like unto the fingle Kind, but
not altogether fo large, efpecially in a Gar-
den where it Hands not a little Moilt The
Stalks are weak, round, hollow and green , di-
vided into three or four Branches at the top,
with Leaves at the feveral Joints; on which
Hand very double Flowers, of a gold yellow color,
the five outward Leaves, being larger than any
of the reft which are encompalfed by them which
fall away alter they have lfood blown a confide-
rable time (Tor it continues in Flower a month
or more, efpecially if ir grows in a fhady place)
without bearing any Seed.

VI. The Places. The two fitft grow only in
Waters and watery Ditches, and by their Bank-
lides, as alfo in Marlhy and Watery 'Medows,
The third grows Daturally in Marfhes and Moilt
Grounds , ( in fome places more double than in
others) but with us it has been for a Long time
Nurfed up in our Gardens.

VII. V re

CHAP. CCCCLXXIV.

Of marjerom.

Chap. 474, Unglijh Herbs .

?Pri& when^O-X%/t'd>o,fi*dHS Times I Flowers T/ fhereh “r 'Z fma11 ^
nefs Tthe », “ &ed-

jflZ^ZsTo m? ZZ ^ifo Tn ^ MAK7^0M,
W,mer ’ fd fPr>"g afrelh in the end of ftU
^7, or thereabouts.

VIII. The Qualities. The Root hereof is
(harp and Hot in the fourth Degree, corne-
rs T» aalitif and Sperries of Crow-
fZL b 3ny ot its Medical Virtues, no.
tiling yet has been obfetved by Experience

and bdieTC’ fr0m & ho? Zrp

and burning Nature, it may perform aU

the fame things which the Crow-foot will

1 T ^"- It is called in Greek,

sir, -rfeftr

o/TuJ'pi TJlere are feverai Species

S Plant, as I. Major ana a/liva vulgaris
Our Common Garden fweet £,? '

'®iW«, Marjerom gentlf T‘ ylI"'

oTT fZ /^Cv Wintef fweet ^

Marjerom. 'Z

She Descriptions^

Sweet hdarjerom’ 7t hZ ZZT

compofei „f Jeveral fmall fibres or ZrLel*

Thif i/T^ m‘h ‘he whole Vlam ™ry fear
of c°mmo"'y S°wn Annually Tn^our

low pLr lirrforT Seed’ Md is a fmall
tow riant, little above a foot hit* full of

Branches and fmall Whitifh and foft.Tound
At “ Z™’ filing very fweet

fmall lon»PS a°f the Branches grow feverai
rZTti Sr an{ round fca|y Heads ot Knots

iom) off°T Z*?,?16 Cd!ei KnoI,ed M‘<rje-
m) of a whttilh green color, out of

' ^K, feco”&i or Marjerom Gentle. Its Root

‘r 'iff °,Kh > from wb'nce grow up Jeveral
fmall Stalks and Branches , not exceeding tie for-
mer height, but it has finer and fmaller Leaves
hoary and foft, and much fweeter than the former-
the Heads are like unto that, and lo are the
blowers and Seed, the whole Plant being mote
tender than the the firft Common fweet Marjerom
„ ab‘dlns but a Summer in like manner.

V. the third , or Winter fweet Marjerom
Ibis is an excellent Plant, and abides green all
ice Winter, if it is not to violent growing in the
fame manner and form which the firl } does , and
its Leaves are a little fmaller and greener than it
but with the like Heads and Knots. Yet fome’
take this to be but the Common Summer fweet
marjerom -which by Tranfplanting, is made more
thong, and able to abide the Winter.

VI. The fourth, or Winter or Pot Marjerom.
It has a Root which is white and thready not pcnfh-
tng tn Winter, but abiding many years , and is en-
creafed rather by Slipping ami Jets, than by Sowing
the Seed. It is a fmall low bulliy Herb, not grow-
ing much higher than any of the others, but fpread-
ing its Branches wider, on which grow broader and
greener Leaves, fet by couples, or pairs, with
lome fmaller Leaves alio, at the feverai Joints
all along the Branches: at the Tods whereof
grow a number of fmall, purplilh, white Flowers
let together in a Tuft, which turn into fmall and”
round Seed, larger than the Seed of the Common
facet Marjerom. The whole Plant is of a fweet
lniell, but much lefs and interior to the other
being alfo nothing io hitter as is the Common
Jrnet Marjerom, and therefore the more fit fora
Pot-Herb.

VII. The

Salmon’ s

Lib. I.

theft
conlifting

of

is

of

the

alfo

party

VII. The fifth, cr yellow broad Leavd

fweet Marjerom. This is of tin fame fort
with the Pot-Marjerom, differing only in he
color of the Leaves, which are in Summer who-
h yellow, in feme 'Slants, or but a little
green, or parted with yellow and green, more
or lefs, as Nature is pleafed to play her part;
the fmell being fmall like that

Lot- Marjerom laft drferibed :

another of this Species
colots t white and green.

VIII. The fixth , or Wild or Field Marjerom.
Its Root creeps under Ground, and encrcafes much,
abiding from year to year. It fends forth fevera
brownifh hard fquare Stalks , with many fmall,
dark, green Leaves fet by pairs on them, very like

? c _t.~ but harder

to thofe of the Sweet Marjerom
and a little broader. At the top of the Stalks
grow Tufts of dark or deep purplilh ted
Flowers, which turn into lmall Seed , liKe
that of the Garden Marjerom, but black-
er : The whole Plant fmells fweet , but very

ltriXS Tfe Places. The firft five grow Wild on
the Mountains in Spain, and in other places, but
with us they are all Nulled up m Gardens. I he
fixth grows Wild in the borders of CoM-helds, and
Tad ure s and in fome Common Ground, and

near the’ High Ways, in feveral placet in Eng'

"1 The Times. They ate Sown in April or
May, and bring forth their fcaly or chaffy Hhsk'
ill Axguft. They are to be Watered in the middle
of the day , when the Sun (hires hottelf, (as
Bafil ought alfo to be) and not in the Evenings oi

Mornings. , . , ,

XI. The Qualities. Sweet Marjerom is hot and
dry in the fecond Degree. It digefts, attenuates,
opens and corroborates: is Cephalick Neurotick.
Stomatick Hyfterick and Alexipharmick.

XII. The Specification. It is peculiar againlt
the Lethargy, Palfie, Convulfions of the Nerves^
Obftruffions of the Vifcera, and cold and moilt
Difeafes of the Head, Nerves Stomach and
Womb : provokes the Terms, and gives eale in
the Colick.

XIII. The Preparations. You may prepare
from Sweet Marjerom, &e. I. A Liquid
■fuicc. 2. An EJJcnce. V An lnfufwn or De-
coftion in Wine. 4. A Ponder of the Herb. 5.
An Infufed or Decolled Oil 6. A Dijh/led Water.
7. A Spirit. 8. A Chmical Oilj_ 9: A : Spirit u-
ous TinUure. io. An Oily
Cataplafm.

Lisbon Wine : Dropt into the Ears , it eafe their
Pain.

XV. The Ejfence. It has all the Virtues of
the Liquid Juice , but is more powerful to all the
intentions and purpofes aforementioned, being given
from one Spoonful to two Morning and Night, in
any fit. Vehicle.

XVI. The Infufon or Drcoflion in JVine. It
has all the Virtues of the Juice , and ftrengthens
the Nerves, Head and Brain: If it is made with
the addition of a fixth part of Pellitory of Spain ,
Long Pepper and Acorus , it prevails againlt the
Paralyfis of the Tongue, and lofs of Speech:
and the Power of cold Poyfons, which have been
inwardly taken. It is thin, and of a digefting qua-
lity •, and being drank from 4 to 8 Ounces, it is
good for fuch as are beginning to fall into a
Dropfy : mixt with an equal quantity of the
Juice, and dropt into the Ears, it eafes the finging
noifeof therh.

XVII The Ponder of the Herb. Being ufed as an
Errhine, by being blown, or fnuffed up tlieNoftrils,
it provokes Sneezing; and thereby purges the
Brain, of cold, moift, watery, and Pituitous Hu-
mors : The Elerb made into a very grofs Pouder,
(or the green Herb it felf) being long chewed in
rhe Mouth, draws forth much Elegm, and other
cold and moift Humours afflifting rhe Teeth, Gums,
Throat, Almonds, and other parts adjacent, and
thereby eafes pains caufed therefrom.

XVIII. The Inf ufed or Decoded Oil. It is thus
made. Take of the Herb a little briefed 4 Ounces •
Generous White Wine 6 Ounces ; old Oil 1 2 Ounces
them together and Infolate , or Higefi in an equal
Sand heat : prefs out (irongly ; and repeat it thrice
more with the fame quantity of frejh Herbs ; and then
boil in Balneo to the confumption of the Wine. It
is a good Cephalick , eafes Pains of the Plead ,
and helps all cold Difeafes thereof-, as alfo cold.
Diftempers of the Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Womb;
Nerves and Joints, noife in the Ears, bitings of
Venomous Beads, Strengthens the Ventricle, helps
indigeftion, warms, comforts, digefts, and difeuffes
Wind, &6.

XIX. Oleum Majoranx Compofltitm. The Com-
pound Oil of Sweet Marjerom. Take Sweet Mar-
jerom 4 Handfuls ; Mother of Time 2 Handfuls 5
Myrtle Leaves or Berries 1 Handful Water Mint,
Southernwood , of each half a Handful ; Cajfiu Lig-
ned 2 Ounces : Cut bruife arid put them into a Glafs
in the Sun , or in a Bath , affujtng thereon Oil Om-

A .
T injure.

1 1. A

The Virtues

XIV. The Liquid Juice. It is good againft all
Difeafes of the Thorax , which caufe Ihortnefs of
Breath , or difficulty of breathing, opens the ob-
ftruftions of Liver, Spleen, Reins and Womb,
clearing them of thofe Tartarous Humours, which
fluff them, and ftrengthens and confirms the Vifcera.
It expels Wind, gives eafe in the Cholick, pro-
vokes the Terms in Women, brings down the
Loches and caufes a due cleanfing to Women in
Child-bed. It is alio very profitable for fuch as
have the Strangury, or cannot eafily make their
Warer being taken Morning and Evening from one
Spoonfull to three in good white Pert, or white

phacine 3 Pounds -, after 8 days prefs them out : to
the expreffed Oil, add freff) Simples , or Ingredients ,
which repeat the third time exactly in the fame
manner , and then perfect the Oil according to Art.

It is a very good Anodyn, and eafes Pains of the *
Head, Stomach, Bowels, Hypochonders, Joints,
and other parts 5 it comforts the Brain and Nerves,
and is prevalent againft the Palfie, Dead Palfie,
Tremblings, Numbnefs , Cramps, Convulfions,
Gouts, Sciatica, and pains of the Ears, Jaws, and .
Back, by anointing it on the parts a freff fed. It is
good againft the bitings of Venomous Beafts:
and Clylterwife, it expels Wind, and gives eafe
in the Colick.

XX. The D iff Hied Water. It has the Vir-
tues of the Juice and Ejfence , but much weaker,
and may be given to 6 Ouftcas, or more, fweetned
with white Sugar, or mixed with an equal quantity
of Generous Wine: it may alfo, being dulcified, be
ufed as a Vehicle, to convey fome of the other
Preparations in, down into the Body. It is good
againft Infiamations and weaknels of the Eyes, and
is mixed with other fweet Waters; to make a fweet
Walh of.

XXL The

Chap. 47 5- £

m

Herbs

XXI. The Spirit. It is very Cordial, Neu-
rotick , Cephalick , and Stomatick , ' expels
Wind, gives prefent eafe in the Cholick', is
good againft the Apoplexy, Lethargy, Palfy,
Convulfions', pain in the" Stomach, want of
Appetite, Indigeltion, and loathing of Food ; it
comforts the Heart, cheats the Spirits, and
prevails againft Fainting and Swooning Fits ,
and other like Diltempers of the Head and
Thorax. Dofe (being felt dulcified with double
refined Sugar) is from 2 Drams to 4, either
alone , or mixed with a Glafs of Generous
Wine.

XXII. Ihe ChymicalOil. It is a Specifick-againft
the Colick, Palfie, Lethargy, Convulfions, Cramps,
Hyfterick Fits, and the Poylon of Serpents. Dofe
from 3 or 4 drops to n or 1 2, in white Sugar, or
Syrup of Clove GilUfiowers , mixing the Oil very
well therewith , and then with a Glafs of fome
Generous Wine, or Sack Whey, and fo to drink
it off, Morning and Night.

XXIII. The Spirituous T'mdure. It has all the
V irtues of the Juice , EJfence , Spirit, and Chymical
OH ; but not fo powerful as the laft : it gives eafe
ih the Cholick almoft in a moment : Dofe from
1 Dram ro 3 Drams , in a Glafs of Generous
Canary Morning Falling, and at Night going to
Bed.

XXIV. The Oily Tir'd ure. Given from 10
Drops to 20, 30, 40, or a Dram in any conve-
nient Vehicle , it gives prefent relief in the
molt vehement Colick; cleanfes the Reins, Ure-
ters, and Bladder, of Sand, Gravel, or finall
Stones, provoking Urine powerfully, and ex-
pelling the recrements of thofe Parts, which
Itop the Urine and caufe pain: Anointed well
on the Back Bone, as alfo on the parts affeUed, it
many times cures the Palfie, Numbnefs, and
Trembling of the Limbs, beyond molt other
Medicaments, and has had a good effeS
in thole cafes when all other things have
failed.

XXV. The Cataplafm. Made either of the
Vouier of the Herb , or of the Green Leaves ,
beaten up to a Confiliency with Honey , and
applyed, it rakes away the black and blew marks
of Blows, Bruifes, Pinchings and the like: If it
is made up of the Green Herb beaten with Salt
and Vinegar, and Vottder of Ginger , and Long
Vepper , and fo brought to a Confiliency and
applyed, it is good againft the Poyfon of
the Scorpions Sting, as alfo the Bitings of
Mad Dogs, Vipers, Rattle-Snakes, etc.
being immediately applyed after the Hurt
done.

XXVI. The Vejfary. Made of the Green
Herb beaten, and brought to a Confiliency
with Pouder of the Roors of Vellhory of
Spain, a little Salt, and Vinegar, and Bees
Wax , and then reduced into Form, and put
up the Womb , and fo contained there for
fome time, it is faid to produce effeUually
the Terms in Women.

687

CHAP. CCCCLXXV.

0/ MARJEROM Goats.

I- np H F. Names. It is called in Greek
_L T in Latin , Tragonganum ■.
and in Englijh , Goals Marjerom.

II. The. Kinds. There are four elpecial
Kinds which Authors take notice of, viz.

1. Tragonganum Creticum , Tragonganum Cre-
tenfe apud Vend os Lobe/ij & Vent • Tragori -
ganum Clufij ^ Tragonganum tedium WJpani-
cum Cafp. Baubini , Goats Marjerom of Candy.

2. 'Tragonganum lat folium , jive , Alarum Cor-

tufi Matthiolo , Tragonganum allcrum Gefneri
& Lobehj Tragonganum lat folium Baubini ,
Broad Leav’d Goats Marjerom : this fecond

is that Mar urn which Cortufus lent unto Alat-
thiolus , for Tbymum Creticum \ and by the
Name of Alarum , it is called by Durant es,
and Lugdunenfis : and Lobel fays, that among
all the Plants which are called Tragonganum ,
he could find none which came nearer to thole
of Dio/condes , than thefe two firlt Kinds we
have here Named. 3. Tragonganum Hifpanicum ,
Tragonganum fecundum Clufij , Dodonti , Camera -
rij 5 Tugdunenfs Tf Taber namontani , Spanifli
Goats Marjerom. 4. Tragonganum Matthi'oli ,
Tugdunenfs , Cj Taber ntmont am , Tragonganum
Jerpill folium , Mattbio/us his Goats Marjerom, or
Goats Marjerom with Wild Time Leaves.

The Defcriptiotts.

III. The firft , or Goats Marjerom of Candid.
The Root fpreads it fe/f with many fmall Fibres,
and the Riant abides green all /Ztf Winter, if car e-

Qoats

IS

111

6 88 Salmon

fully prefcrved and. look'd to , but left without De-
fence, it for the moft part perijhes. It is a low
'Plant, and has leveral fmall low Branches, not
above a Foot high, fomeching Woody, on which
are let at feveral Joints, two Leaves, and Lome
times more, which are fometvhat broader, rougher,
and harder than rhe Leaves ol Thymu/u Creticum ,
and fomething like unto Summer Savory , hut ol
a Ladder green color -. the fmall, hooded, gaping,
Flowers, Hand at the tops of the Branches, in
feveral diltances about the Stalks, ot a purplifh
red color. The whole Plant, and every part there-
of, talies very hot and (harp , and fmells very
fweet, with a very ltrong Iweetnefs, and very
quick and piercing.

IV. The fecond , or Broad Leav’d Goats Mar-
ieroth. It has for its Root, a blackifh Bufhof many
tibres, fet together like thofe of Marjerom. This
Herb grows up to be a line Imall bulky Plant,
little above half a foot high, vvhofe Stalks are
no't fo woody, but tenderer like Marjerom, with
many fmall, fmooth , gentle Leaves, two for the
moft part fet together at a joint; fomething
broader than our Majhck-Thymc , of fo ltrong,
hot, and quick a l'mell, that being a little
bruifed, and fmelt unto, it perries the Senfes
more than the former-, and comes fomewhat
near unto the fmell of Calamint or fenny-royal. The
Flowers are fmall, and purple, growing up to the
tops of the Branches , from between the Joints.
This abides green alL Winter as the former, but
requires as much care in prefetving it in the Winter,
as that does.

V. The third, or Spanifh Goats Marjerom. The
Root of this is more woody, and lej's bujhy than the
former. And this Plant rifes up fomewhat higher
than the laft, with whiter and harder Stalks:
the Leaves are whiter alfo, fmaller, narrower, and
longer than they, and more ftore of them ufually
at every Joint; fmelling fomething Sweet, but
nothing fo ftrong or quick , nor talting fo hot as
they. The Flowers are white, and grow at fe-
veral diftances, towards the tops of the Stalks,
hut larger and more gaping. Handing in brownifh
green Husks. This alfo abides green in the Win-
ter, but is preferred with more difficulty than
either of the former.

VI. The fourth, or Matthiolus his Goats Marje-
rom, or Goats Marjerom with Wild Thyme Leaves.
This Plant Matthiolus firfl fet forth , and called
it Tragoriganum. It has a bujhy fibrous Root, from
whence Jpring up feveral hard Stalks and fmall
Leaves growing upon them, at feveral dijlances,
which are like unto the ordinary Wild Thyme.
The Flowers are purple, Handing in roundles at
the tops of the Branches and the whole Plant
fmells not much unlike to Penny-Royal.

VII. The Places. The firft grows in Crete and
in Spain alfo. The fecond is unknown. The third
in Valentin in Spain. The fourth in the Province
of Forojulium, and feveral parts of Italy : but all
of them grow with us in Cardens.

VIII. TheTimcs. They all Flower with us very
late in' the year , Gerard fays in Auguft ; others
fay that wefcarcely fee any Flowers till September,
or OSober, and lometimes fcatcely fee any at
all.

IX. The Qualities. They are (efpecially the
two firft) hot and dry in the third Degree : and
much more Strong, piercing and effectual , in all
their other Properties, than either Sweet Marjerom,
or Origanum , of which we have and (hall (peak
in their proper places.

X . ' The Specification , Preparations and Virtues,
are alio the fame with thofe ot Sweet Marjerom ,

f Herbal. Lib. I.

of which we have largely difcourled in the former
Chapter: favingrhat as thefethe two firft efpecial-
ly, are more ftrong and potent , than any of the
AUrjeroms •, lb all the Preparations of thele are
much more efteflual, to all the intentions and
purpofes there ipecified.

MARCH, Sec Smallage, Chap.

MARCH-BEETLE, _/c^ Cats- tail, Chap. 113.
MARGARETS-HERB, fee Daifie, Chap. 204, 205.
MARIETS, fee Coventry-Bells, Chap. 64.
M.AKTAGON, fee Lilly Martagon, Chap. 435;.
MARVEL-APPLE, fee Balm Apple, Chap, 51, 52.
MASTICK5i/?* Herb-Maltick, Chap. 366.

CHAP. CCCCLXXVI.

Of MASTR--WORT.

I. 'TA H E Names. It has no Greek Name, as
JL being unknown to the Greeks', but is called
in Latine , hnperatoria , & AJlrantia: in EngliJ. h,
Maflcr-wort.

II. The Kinds. Authors make but two Species
hereof, viz. 1. Imperatoris, five Aflrantia vulgaris-^
Laferpitium Germanicum Fuchfij ^ fimpernium hor-
tenfe Tragi , & Ofleritium •, but the generality of
Authors call it by the two firft Names. In Eng-
) ip) , our Common Mailer- worr. 2. hnperatoria
A/pina , vel Aflrantia Alpina Camerarij , Moun-
tain Mafter-wort.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firfi, or Our Common Mafter-wort.
It has a Root which is fomething great , and rather
grows fide wife , than deep into the Ground , fhoot-
ing forth feveral Heads , which tajle Jharp and
biting on the Tongue , and is the hottefl and Jharpejl
part of any of the re (l of the Riant , ( to which
the Seed in heat comes next) this Root is blackifh
on the out fide , with Jeveral Fibres or firings adjoin-
ing to it , and fmells very well. From this Root
fpring up feveral Stalks ot winged Leaves, divided
into divers parts, three for the moft part Handing
together, at a fmall foot Stalk, on both fides of
the greater, and three likewife at the end of the
Stalk ^ each of which Leaves are fomewhat broad,
and cut in on the edges into three _or more divi-
fions, and all of them dented about the brims, of
a dark green color, fomewhat refembling Angelica
Leaves at firft fight, till they be better viewed,
as that thefe grow lower to the Ground, and upon

letter

Chap. 47 6. ‘EngUfh Herbs,

68y

M ASTER- IF 0 R T.

lefler Stalks ; ft»m among which Leaves rife
up two or three Stalks, which are (liort in compari-
fon of Artge/ica, being about two feet high, and
flender, with fuch like Leaves at their Joints, as
grow from the Root below ; but leffer, and with
fewer divifions, bearing llmblcs of white Flowers :
and after them fmall, thin. Hat, hlackifh Seed,
fomething larger than Dill Seed.

IV. Thefecond , or Mountain Mafter-wort. The
Root grows in like manner as the former , and is black
on the out fide , but is more hot , Jharp and biting
upon the Tongue , than the Root of the firft or
Common Kind. This Plant grows alfo in form
much like to the firft, but lefler in every part,
having nine Leaves Handing on each Stalk by three
and three, but they are fmaller and narrower, and
have fewer Incifions in them , but finely dented
about the edges: The Flowers and Seed of this
are alfo very like to the firft, without any mate-
rial difference, unlels it be in the magnitude,
thefe being iomething the leffer.

V. The Places. The firft grows \yild on the
Hills in Italy and Germany , in Woods alfo and De-
Jar ts •' file fecond was found growing on the
Alps in Switzerland : With us they only grow, and
are Nurft up in Gardens.

VI. The Times. They are faid to Flower from
the beginning of June to the beginning of AuguJ ?,
but if the Seafon is cold, and very moift, they
Flower and Seed late with us , as not untill the
end of AuguJ.

VII. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in the
fourth Degree , being hotter than Pepper , and of
very fubtil parts. It is Attractive , Aperitive,
Carminative, Digeftive, Difcuffive, and Diuretick ;
Cephalick , Neurotick , Stomatick , Cordial, Ne-

hritick, and Hyfterick ; Ptarmick, Emmenagogick,
udorifick and Alexipharmick.

VIII. The Specification. It is faid to Cure the
Cholick , expel Sand , Gravel , and lmall Stones ,

provoke the Terms, refilt Catarrhs, and is profitable
againft the Falling-ficknefs, Hyfterick fits, theGout
from a cold caufe; expels all forts of cold Poy-
fons, and heals wounds made by Poyfoned
1 Ve:i pons. .

IX. The Preparations. The Root is chiefly ufed,
and then the Seed for want of it, the Leaves very
feldom, you may have therefore from the Root,
r. A Liquid Juice. i. An EJfence. a,. A Decodion,
or Infufion in Wine. 4. A Ponder of the Root.
>• An Infufion , or Decodion of the Seed in Wine.
6. A Ponder of the Seed. 7. A Diflilled Water
of the Herb, Root , or Seed. 8. A Spirituous
Fin'd urc of the Root or Seed. 9. An Acid Tindure
of the Root or Seed. 10. An Oily Findure of the
fame. 11. ALohoch. 1 2. A Catajlafm.

The Virtues.

_ X. The Liquid Juice. It is good againft all cold
Griefs and Difeafesboth of the Stomach, and other
Bowels, expels Wind powerfully both upwards and
downwards: it provokes Urine ^ and helps to break
the Stone, and expell it from the Reins, Ureters
and Bladder, and powerfully brings down the
Courfes in Women, and forces away both Dead
Child and After-birth: It is profitable againft Va-
pors and Hyfterick Fits: and being mixed with
White Wine, and ufed as a Gargarifm, it attraUs
Flegm, Rheum, and cold and watery Humo us out
of the Jaws, Gums, Throat, Almonds, Head,
Brain, and bther parts adjacent. Being p>- 00

old Ulcers, arid nutrid ruhning Sores
Pledgets dipt therein, and ay; . t.h
as alfo into Green Wounds, i: loon recovers,
cleanfes and heals them , yea tho' a Gangrene,
feems impending : And applyed to theGout from a
cold Caufe, it gives eafe in the pain. Dole from
half a Spoonful, to a Spoonful, or mo'e, in any
proper Vehicle.

XI. The EJfence. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice , and may be given in the fame Dofe and
Vehicle, Morning and Evening 5 befides which it
Hops Vomiting, wonderfully ftrengthens the Sto-
mach , caufes a good Appetite , and a ftrong
Digeftion, difeufles Wind, and gives prefent
eafe in the Cholick ; and is profitable againft the
Dropfie , Jaundice * Epilepfie, Lethargy, Drowfi-
nefs and Sleepinels, and other cold and moift:
Difeafes of the Head and Brain: it has alfo a
lingular Virtue and Power againft all forts of cold
Poyfons , as alfo againft any malign Difeafe, and
the Plague itfelf: it provokes Sweat, and defends
the Heart againft any Venom, Malignity or In-
feUion.

XII. The Infufion. , or Decodion in Wine. It has
all the V irtues of the Juice and EJfence , but not
altogether fo powerful, and may be given from 2 to
4 Ounces, or more. Morning and Night, or as need
requires, being dulcified with Syrup of C/ovegi/li-
Jlowers, or Syrup of Violets-, and ufed as aWafh
to any putrid or lo'tten Ulcer, it Hops the Putri-
faflion, cleanfes it, and induces the healing. Tra-
gus lavs that the Decodion of the Root in Wine, be-
ing drunk, does reftore the Ability of Genera-
tion in fuch as are Impotent , or where it is
almolt extinS , and this he fpe3ks as a certain
Truth.

xm. The Ponder of the Rodt. It has the Virtues
of Juice and EJfence, and may be given inwardly
ftom 1 ; Grains to a Dram, mixt with a little
Tttt Honey :

690 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

Honey: It is good again!! Quartans, and expels
the t'i ttte and After birth : uled as an Errhine, it
Purges the Head and Brain oi Cold Humors, and
is profitable againlt Apoplex es, Convulftons ,
Cramps, Epilepfies, Lethargies, Vertigo’s, Me-
grims, and other like dillempers of thole parts.
And inwardly taken, it excites alfo the Generative
Faculty, and powerfully correfls the cold and moil!
lubit ot the Stomach and Bowels : And being
(trewed upon old tunning Sores, and putrid Ulcers,
it correfls the Putridity , cleanfes them of the
Corruption, and induces the healing.

XIV. The Infufum or Decol/ion of the Seed in
Wine. It has all the Virtues of the Infufwn or Ue-
cctfion of the Root , and may be given in the fame
manner and the fame Dofe. It is a lingular Pro-
phylaflick againlf peltilential Airs, and again!! the
very Injection of the Plague it felf. Taken in
the Morning Falling, it comforts the Stomach,
helps Digellion, creates an Appetite, and expels
Ventofities out of the Vifcera.

XV. X he Ponder of the Seed. It has all the
Virtues of the Ponder of the Root , and may be
given to a Dram, before the coming of the Fit
of a Quartan Ague (fo alio the Ponder of the
Root ) for the Cure of the fame; it takes away
the extream rigor of the cold, provokes Sweat,
and prevails again!! the Droplie; it may alfo be
ufed as an Errhine , as well as the Ponder of the
Root.

XVI. The DiJUlIed Water of Root,Herb,andSeed.
It has the Virtues of the Juice , but much weaker,
and may be given from 1 Ounce to 6 Ounces, it
may alfo ferve as a Vehicle to convey the other
Preparations in , which are to be given inward-
ly. It may alfo be mixed with the Juice for
a Gargarilfn, or for a Lotion to walh old
Sores, Ulcers, (2V. for it notably cleanfes and
drys them.

XVII. The Spirit uousTintture of the Root or Seed.
Tho’. it has all the Virtues of Juice , Ejfence ,
Ufufion , Ponder , &c. yet in an efpecial manner,
it rectifies the cold and moil! habit of the Stomach,
taking away all Pains and Aches there, andalrnoli
in a moment cures the Cholick. And it is pro-
fitable for fuch as have inward Brnifes, occafioned
by falls, blows, or other accidents, diffolving
the concreted Blood, and fo giving relief to the
Patient. Dofe from 1 Dram to 2 Drams, in any
proper Vehicle, Morning Falling, and laft at Night
going to Bed.

XVIII. T he Acid TtnUure of the Root or Seed.
It is a potent thing again!! the Plague, and all
forts of Peltilential or Malign Fevers, uled either
as a prophyljflick, or as a Curative : it prevails
again!! Poyfons of all forts, and the Bitings of
poyfonous and venomous Creatures, as of Mad-
Dogs, Vipers, Rattle-Snakes, and other Serpents:
it caufes Appetite and helps Digellion : is powerful
in breaking the Stone, and expelling Gravel, both
from the Reins and Bladder ; it is good alfo again!!
cold Catarrhs, or dilfillations of Rheum upon the
Thorax or Lungs, gives eale in vehement Coughs,
and helps fuch as are troubled with Hoarfenefs,
Wheezing, Ihortnefs of Breath, difficulty of
Breathing. It is to be taken in all that the Patient
drinks, whether at Meals, orothetwife, fo many
Drops at a time as to give the Ale, Beer, or Wine,
a pleafing Acidity.

XIX. The Oily TinUure of the Root or Seed. It
has the Virtues of the Juice, Ejfence, DecoUion ,
Ponder , and TinUures ; but in particular it is good
againlt’ Palfies, Tremblings', Numbnefs, Cramps,
Convulftons, Lethargies, Colicks, Gouts of all
forts, and the Stone and Gravel, whether in Reins

or Bladder; provoking Urine, and giving eafe in
the Strangury, beyond many other Medicines, being
outwardly anointed on the Back-bone, and other
parts affefled; and inwardly taken from to drops
to 60, according to Age and ilrength, in any pro-
per Vehicle. It provokes the Terms, facilitates
the Birth, brings away the Dead Child, and After-
birth, caule a good cleanfing, and gives prefenteafe
in After-pains, tPc.

XX. The Lohoch. It is made of the Liquid
Juice, mixt with a half part of Honey, firfl puri-
fied with whites of Eggs, and then by the heat of
a Bath brought to a Confilfency. It gives eafe in
Coughs, Colds, Afthma’s, and moll other Diflem-
persof the Brel! and Lungs, proceeding from Cold,
and a Vifcous Flegm.

XXL The CatapUifm. It is made of the Roots
and Leaves, beaten in a Mortar, and brought to
the Form of a Pulcife. Being applyed, it is faid
to cure Peltilential Carbuncles and’ Botches, and
other like Apoltems, Bubo’s and Tumors: it cures
Contufions, difeuffes congealed Blood; and is an
tbfolute Remedy for the biting of a Mad-Dog,
Viper or ocher Serpent, or venomous Creature, by
ftrongly attrafting or drawing forth the Poy-
fon, isle, but this is to be underltood, of fuch an
Application as is made, when the Biting is newly
done : applyed alfo to poyfoned Wounds, or putrid
Ulcers, ic draws forth the Poyfon, and deflroys the
Putridity.

MATCH- WOOD, fee Touch- Wood, Chap.
MATFELLON, fee Knapweed, Chop. 414.

CHAP. CCCCLXXVII.

Of MAT - WEED;

0 R,

MAT - RUSHES.

I. HE Names. It has no Greek Name, but
JL called in Lat'me , Spar turn Herba ; and in
Engiijb , Matt-Weed.

II. The Kinds. Authors have many fpecies of
this Plant $ we fhall content our Pelves with thefe
following, 1. Spartum Mannum noftras, Spartum
Herba tertia Maritimum Clufij , Our Englilh Mat-
weed, or Marram. 2. Spartum marinum noftras
alterum Lobelij & Bauhini , Gramen Sparteum Spi-
catum laujolutm. Our other Sea Mat weed. 3.
Spartum parvu/n Batavicum & Anglicinn^ Spartum
noftras- pdrvum Lobelij , Spartum Herba Anglica ,
Gramen Sparteum Juncifolium , fmall Mat- weed.
4. Spartum minimum Anglicum , Our fmalleft Eng-
lifli Mat-weed. 5. Spartum Herba P/intj • June us
Hifpanicus , Gramen Sparteum pr'imum pannicula
Comofa Bauhini , Spanilh Mayweed or Rushes, or

Chap, 478. Englijh Herbs.

Frail-weed. 6. Spar turn Verba ah c rum molliiK
Plinij , Spartum Herba Plinij alterum , Gramcn
Span aim fecundumfannicula brcvi foUicuh inclufa
bauhini , The Idler Spanilh Rulh, or Mat-weed,

69]

The Descriptions.

III. The firft, or Our Englilh Mat-weed. Its
Roots creep in the Ground , and ffien themfelves
firongly therein-. It has divers long, hard, and very
Iharp pointed Rulhes, pieroing their Legs who go
among them that are not Booted. The Stalks have
loft fpiked long Heads, like unto the Ears of Rye
and Blooming like it alfo.

IV. The Jecond , or Our other Sea Mat-weed.
Its Roots creep likewife under the Ground , and are
firongly f fined to the Earth , as the others are:
and this Mat-weed is in the growing like the for-
mer, but that the Rulhes are broader and fhorter
and fo alfo the Heads or fpikes.

V. The third, or Small Mat-weed. The Roots of
this are likewife long, hard, and fomewhat tough
fit to be wrought into little Baskets or the like It
has (hotter, imaller, and harder Rulhes : theSralks
are about a loot and a half high, having fmall
thin, long Spikes, and harder at the tops than the
former.

VI. The fourth , or Our fmalleft Englilh
Mat-weed. The Roots are long and yellow like
the former fmall Englijh Kind. From which rife
up many fmall, Render, round Rulhes, like
Threads, almolt 4 or 5 Inches long, growing thick
together; among which, the Stalks which are
very fmall, have fmaller Heads, and (ingle; that is
conhlting but of one or two fmall Rows.

VF' Iff ^ Spanilh Mat-weed or Frail-
weed. lhe Roots fpread in the Ground into many
Tujts, matting therein , that in fame places they
take up two feet fquare oj Ground or more : From
whieh rife up a number of round Rulhes, a fbot
and a half long, each of which is parted a little
above the Ground, into 5 or 4, or more. Render
long, tough, and green Rulhes, fomething broader
at the firlt, being whitilh in the middle, which
foon after have both their edges fo drawn together
that it makes them feem round, fo that the Parti-
tion is fcarcely dilcerned , and then grow harder
and whmlh when they are dry (as we fee them
in Railon Frails, tsc. and in the round Matts
with which the Floors of Chambers are Marred as
they are wrought there, and brought over here’ to
us) from among which rife up feveral Stalks
lomething higher than the Leaves, bearing at the
top a fmall long Head of many Iharp pointed
Husks-, after which come fmall long Seed like
unto fome other Grades.

VIII. Vie fixth, or Leffer Spanilh Rulh or

Mat-weed. I he Roots of this do matt like the
other, but grow in motfier places. From whence
rile up the Rulhes or Frails in the very fame
manner and order as the other Spanilh kind do ;
Theie Rulhes are more fine and Render fofter al-
io, and bear a fhorter Tuft at the Top, breaking
out of a fhining Husk or Hofe. 6

IX. The Places. The firft, fecond, third, and
fourth, grow very well with us in England-, very
plentifully on the Coafts of Norfolk, and Suffolk,

0ther places on the Sea Shore. tlnd
the firlt them has been found growing alfo in the
(Re Of Tenet, near the Sea fide, between alfo
Marget and Sandwich , the two laft grow in Spain,

the Canaries , Madera's, and other warm Cii-
mares.

X. The Times. They bear or bring forth their
Heads in the middle , and towards the latter end
or Summer.

The Virtues and ‘ZJfes.

XI. Thefe Plants are all ufelefs in Phyfick
as haying no known Medical Virtue, and alfo
hurt.ul to Cartel, but ferve to make Matts and
trails Withall.

CHAP. CCCCLXXVIJI.

Of maudlin,

1. ’T' U E Karnes. It is called in Greek

± A^eow : in Latine, Ageratum : (quafl non
u neJf.ens > Senettutum non Sentiens ; becaufe

the blowers thereof gathered in a fit time, will not

Alaldfn 01 ^ ^ Age:) ani !n

II. The Kinds. Authors make about five fe-
veral lpecies hereof, viz. 1. Ageratum Dioficoridis
Cameron, Cajloris Durant is, Gefnen, Lugdunen-
Jts, Matthioli , Tabcrnamontani-, Eupatorium Me-
JfifJ i Bafatnita ftemina , & minor , Dodonni -
Cofius Hortenfis minor Gefneri ; Mentha Corym-
btf era minor Cordi-, Camphor at a Cafalpini-, Herba Julia
AngutllaralK Gefneri-, IK Eupatorium ntefues Gef-
nen Loniceri, Matthioli & Tragi-, and infhort, this
IS that Plant, which moft of the bell and latter
Writers, or Authors affirm to be the true Agera-
tum DioJcoridU , and the true Eupatorium Mefues
and is our Ageratum Vu/gare or Common Maudlin

2. Ageratum Flore a/bo, Ageratum fecundum Lur-
dunenfis, iK Matthioli ; Ageratum Fhrtbus Candi-
d's Lobehj Camerarij , IK Tabernnmontani , oar
white Flowered Maudlin. 3. Ageratum minus Lo-
bell] , Camerarij , Cf Tabernimontani - Ageratum
Joins non ferratis Bauhini ; Small Maudlin. 4.
Ageratum pUrpureum Lugduncnfm • Ageratujn
/erratum Alpinum Bauhini: MofchafelU cxrulea
Gcrmanorum (but it is not the Mofchatella Cordi)
rurple Sweet Maudlin. 5. Ageratujn ferulace-
ujji Lugdunenfiis • Chryfanthe mum Alpinum folik
Abrotam Mult if dk , Fennel Leav’d Maudlin.
This fort Bauhinus referrs to the Achillea Mon-
tana Arthemifit tenuifoli <e facie Lobelii , and to the
Achillea Montana Lugdunenfm CT Tabernamon *
tarn.

The Defer igttons.

HI- The fir/i , or Our Common Maudlin. It
bar tnany Roots truth Fibres adjoined , which are
long , lafling , or abiding all Winter for fome
years. It is fomewhat like to Coflmary , (of which
T 1 1 1 2 it

692 Salmon’ s Herbal Lib. I.

it is fit id to he a Kind,) and has fomewhat long
and narrow Leaves, fnipt about the edges-, The
Stalks are about 2 ieec high, bearing at the tops
many yellow Flowers let round together, and all
inlimbles. oh an equal height, much like to Tanfe-,
after which follows fmall whitilh Seed, alrnolt as
large as Wbim-Sced the whole lderb, is Street

M A V D L I N.

fcented and of a bitter talte, and is increafedaswell
by flipping, as by lowing. Gerttrd lays it is fome-
thing like to C ojlmary in color, fmell, talfe, and
in the golden Flow eis let upon the tops of the Stalks
in round Clutters, or Tufts.

IV. 'The Jecond , or Our white Flowered
Maudlin. T he Root is fmall and Fibrous or Jlrinsy,
like the other. It has woody Stalks, and many'
final! Leaves let thereon like the other, butfome-
thing lmaller, and letter dented in on the edges.

White MAV D LIN.

At the tops of the Stalks grow many Flowers, as
it were in an Umble or Tult together, like to the
former Common Maudlin, but in a manner wholly
white, exepr a little drew of yellow in the middle.
The fmell of the whole Plant' is not fo ftrong as
the other, yet very fweet and pleafant.

V. T he third, or Small Maudlin. The Root is
fmall and white, with many Fibres adjoined to it. It
is but a fmall Plant , and has ieveral hoary Stalks,
not riling much above a foot high, befet as thick
with Leaves, or thicker than the former, upon all
(ides of the Stalk, or rather round the Stalk,
which are fmaller, longer, narrower, and whiter
than the other , and not dented at all about the
edges, but fomething like unto the Leaves of yel-
low or golden CajjUony or Gold-Locks, in Chap. sot.
Seif, t.' Tig- I. aforegoing. At the tops of the
Stalks Hand many yellow Flowers thruft thick to-
gether in an Umble or Tufr, very well refembling
the tirtt or Common Garden Maudlin, of a very
good and Quick fmell, which convert into Down,
and is carried away with the Wind. The flowers of
this and the firtt Kind , are very Beautiful , and
will not lofe their glory in growing, till they are
very old, from whence came the Name d-fyntr or
*>> ’gpir, non fenefeens, and arc like in the Tufr to
Eliochryfon Theophrafti , which fome will have to
be the Gold-Locks aforenamed, others the Aurelia,
Coma attrea, or Golden Moth- wort.

VI. The

\

VI. The fourth, or Purple Sweet Maudlin. The
Root is yellow , fmall and. fhort , bujhing forth many
final l lihres, by which it takes faft hold of the
Ground. This rare and delicate Plant, has many
fmall Leaves lying upon the Ground, round about
the top of rhekoot, fometliing like to the Leaves
of the firft Maudlin , above deferibed, dented in on
the edges, towards their points, and not backwards
or towards the foot Stalk , or lticking on to the
Stalk : it is bitterifh in Tafte, but not lb bitter as
the firlt or common. From among the Leaves rife
up many fmall Stalks, befet with l'uch like Leaves
as grow below, but fomething lmaller, unto the
very tops; where many Flowers Stand, one above
another, every one upon a fhort foot Stalk, conlilt- :
ing of five fmall green Leaves., of an admirable
Violet like purple color , coming forth of fmall :
green Husks, of fo excellent and defirable fweet
fmell, that it much exceeds the Violet^ and may
be compared with Musk it felf. After the Flowers
are pall, leveral fmall Seed Veflels rife up, contain-
ing in them fmall Seed.

VII. The fifth , or Fennel Leavkl Maudlin. Its
Root is fomething long , black, and woody , rugged ,
and a little Writhed , with feveral Fibres growing
to it. It has many Fennel like Leaves, lying upon
the Ground round about the Root, which fhoot forth
feveral creltedor cornered Stalks half a Yard high,
on which do grow at certain diftances, on each fide,
one above another, fuch like Leaves encompaffing
the Stalk at the feet of them, as thofe of fennel
do. At the tops of the Stalks Hand large Umbles
of Flowers; fome of the Stalks not riling fo high
as the others, yet all making a round compared
Tuft of yellow Flowers , very like to thofe of
Groundfel for the Form, but of a more excellent
Gold yellow Color, which being gathered be-
fore they be grown to full Maturity , will abide
a long time in their perfeft Beauty: and this
is that which has chiefly caufed this Plant to
be joined to the Maudlins for that the Flowers
decay not fieing gathered, for a very confiderable
Sealon.

VIII. The Places. The two firft grow Wild in
rough and untilled places in Italy and France ; The
third on dry Grounds, and out of old Mud and
Stone Walls. The fourth upon Rocks and Clifts,
where there is fometimes but little Earth upon
the Root, it growing or running many times into
the Chinks, and moiftned only by the Vapors
of fome Waters palling near it, or Dews falling
on it. The laft grows in dry and hungry Wood
Lands : but with us they are all Nurft up in Gar-
dens.

IX. The Times. They bring forth their Tufts
of yellow Flowers in the Summer Months, viz.
June and July , in moft Gardens where they are
Planted and profper.

X. The Vitalities, Specification , Preparations ,
and Virtues of Maudlin , are the fame with thofe
of Colhnary , which we have at large declared in
in Chap. 156. Se8. 6. ad 2 5. aforegoing of this
Book, fo that we need fay little more of it in this
place.

XI. Nota. A Compound Balfam of Maudlin is
thus made. Take jrejh gathered Maudlin, Adders-
tongue , of each 12 Handfuls: Oil Olive 2 Quarts :
White Wine a Pint : Soil to a Crifpncfs, and prefs
out ; this repeat twice more, framing out at lad
with very gentle preffure : to this add Turpentine
1 2 Ounces : Bees- wax 8 Ounces : Rofin in fine
Pouder 4 Ounces : mix and in a Bath make a Bal-
fam, Boiling till the moifure is evaporated. It is
an Excellent Balfam for Burnings and Scaldings;
as alfo for cleanling , incarnating and healing old

693

and running Sores, and rotten Ulcers, and to raife
and bring up the Fleih from a deep and hollow
Wound, which things have been proved by a long
Series or Number of Experiments.

CHAP. CCCCLXXIX.

Of M A Y - W E E D.

0 R,

Stinking CAM O M I L.

1. /~jp H E Names. It is called in Greek ,

X K , & KwcCcmivHs , Cynanthemis &
Cynobotane, i. e. Camomilla Canina & Canina
lierba : in Latine , Cot u la : and in Engl iff May-
Weed.

II. The Kinds. There are three Kinds hereof^
viz. 1. Cot u la fcctida. Stinking or itrong May-weed.

2. Cot ul a non fceiida , May-weed not flinking, or
with out fmell. 3: Cotula Ahiltiplcx vel fore pleno :
double Flowered May- weed.

The Dejcriptiotfs .

Chap. ^7 9. ‘EngUfb Herbs.

Lib. I

Salmon’ s Herbal.

when the Seed is perfected. From whence I boot
forth round Stalks, green, brittle, and full of Juice,
divided into many Branches, much thicker and
higher than thole of our Common Garden
Camom\l\ the Leaves in like manner are broader,
3nd of a blackifh green color-, the Flowers are
like in form and color to thole of Camomil , but
commonly larger , and of a rank fmell ^ the
whole Plant giving all'o a rank or ltinking fmell.
This grows more upright than either the
Common Garden Kind, or the non feetida which
follows, and its Leaves are longer and greater
than it, as alfo are the Flowers, by the fmell
of which Alone this fort is diftinguiflled from the
others.

IV. The fecond , or May-weed not ltinking
or without fmell. T be Root of this is like the
former ■, and its manner and form of growing alfo :
but it grows not altogether lb high, yet creeps not
or runs on the Ground, nor takes Root at the Joints
or Branches, as the Garden fort does-, but the
Leaves hereof are longer and greater than thole of
that, yet very like, but of a paler green color,
having no fmell at all : the Flowers are alfo very
like to the former, and to thofe of the Garden Kind ,
but larger, both in the white row or border oi
Leaves , and in the yellow middle Thrum : by
which this fort is difeerned from that of the
Garden.

V. The third , or Double Flowred May-
weed. This is very like to the firfi Kind here
defer ibed , and difjers nothing at all from it ,
but in the flowers , which are commonly very
double, and almolt as large as double Camomil
Flowers.

VI. The Places. They grow plentifully Wild,
in molt Counties of England , in Corn-Fields , and
in, or near unto Furrows in Plowed-Lands , and
by Path-ways in the borders of Fields. The
double Kind has been often found in feveral
parts of England , growing Wild, as the Single
Kinds do.

VII. The Times. They Flower in the Summer
Months, fometimes in June , alfo in July and
Auguft -, fometimes earlier, and fometimes later,
according as the feafon of the year is kind-
ly.

The Virtues.

VIII. Thefe Plants as they are never ufed for
Food, nor yet fcarcely for Medicine, lb their Medi-
cal Qualities and Properties are for the molt part
unknown. Yet,

IX. The Juice or E fence cf the fir ft, or finking
Kind , is Commended as Gerard lays, againlt
Difeafes of the Womb, and Hyfferick Fits, and
therefore may be profitable againft Vapours , and
other fainting Fits and Difeafes of like Kind.
Dofe a Spoonful or two in a Glafs of fair Water,
or in Angelica Water, or in fome other fit Ve-
hicle.

X. The Ointment and Cataplafm made of
the Herb. They are faid to be good to diffolve
Tumors or Swellings ; to difeufs Wind-, and
to eafe Pains and Aches in the Joints jj
efpecially being made of the Stinking Kind,
and applyed Morning and Night to the parts
affefled.

MAY -BLOSSOM, fee Lilly Convally, Chap. 444.
MED1CK-HTCH, Jee Cocks-head, Chap. 141.
MKDIC K-fODDFK, fee Snail Claver , Chap. 13c.
MEDOW-.PARSNTP, fee Parfnep-Cow, Chap.

CHAP. CCCCLXXX.

Of M E D E - S W E E T:

0 R,

Q.UEEN of the Meddows.

I- ' 1 ' H f. \jmcs. It is thought to be un-
JL known to any Ancient Greek or La tine
Authors: but later Writers call it Ulmaria ,
* foliorum Ulmi fimilit udine, from its likenefs to
time Leaves j in Englijh , Mede-fweet , Meddow-
fweet , and Tfuecn of the Aleddozos.

II. The Kinds. There are two Species hereof
viz. I. Ulmaria Vulgaris 5 Regina Prati Dodonxi =,
Barba , vel Barbula Capra, or Barba Caprina Tragi
Barba Capri Fuchfij -, Barbi Capra Lobelij • Mede-
fitfium Cordi , our Common Mede-fweet, or
Meddow-fweet : fome have thought it to be
Rodora Plinij , but that fcannot be pollitively
affirmed: Tragus thought it might be Picnoco -
mon Diofeoridis, as did alfo, Gefner in hortis Cf
Lonicerns. 2. Ulmaria major, five altera, Poten-
tilla major prima Anguillat£\ Argentina major
Thalij , The Greater Mede-fweet, or Meddow-
fweet. Lugdunenfis fays , l'ome took it to be
Melandrum Plinij and lome call it Drymopogon.
Camerarius fays the Germans call the firft Worm-
kraut , Worm-w'ort , becaule fays he, the Root
is often found , as if it were eaten by Worms :
but it is more likely , from its curing Horfes
of the Botts and Worms, lor which purpofe the
Country people uled it.

T he Dcfcriptions.

III. The firfi , or Our Common Mede-fweet.
It has a Root which is fome what I Foody and black-
ifh on the out fide, and browmfh within, zvith feve-
ral greater Strings , and lejfer Fibres adjoining
of a Jlrong Jmcll, but nothing fo p leaf ant as the
Flowers or Leaves ■, it perifiics not in Winter,
but abides many Tears, footing forth a nezo every
Spring. Its Sralks are reddifii and_ eafy to break,
rifing to be 3 Feet high, and fometimes to 4 or 5; j
having at the Joints thereof, large winged Leaves,
Handing one above another at DiftanceSj which
are made of many fomewhat broad Leaves fet on
each fide of a middle Rib, being hard, rough, or
rugged, and Crumpled much like to Elute Leaves,
from whence it took its Name^ but having alfo
fome fmaller Leaves with them, like as Agnmony

has,

Chap. 480. Englijb Herbs.

695

has, fomething deeply dented about the edges,
of a fad green color, on the upper fide, and grey-
ifh underneath; of a prety (harp fmell and tafte,
very like unto Burnet ; and will no lefs give a fine
relilh to a Gla(s of Wine , if a few Leaves there-
of be put therein. At the tops of the Stalks and
Branches , Hand many Tufts of fmall white

Flower and Seed being fomething like the for-
mer.

V. The Places. The fird grows in moift Medows
which ly much tvet, or near Watercourfes, as the
(ides of Rivers , and watery Ditches, almoft every'
where. The iecond grows in Woods , Copfes ,
and (hady places in Germany and other Coun-
tries, but here in England , only in Gar-
dens.

Flowers, thrall thick together, which fmell much
Tweeter than the Leaves; which 'being fallen, in
their places come crooked and cornered Seed,
crookedly turning or winding one with another,
and fo making a fine little Head.

IV. The fecond , or Greater Mede-fweet, or
Meddow-fweet. The Root of this is more Woody
than the former , with many blackifh firings, which
fmell firong, and tafie fomewhat barjhly. This Plant
grows higher than the former, with longer winged
Leaves, let one above another upon the Crefted
brownifil Stalks, having long foot Stalks fupport-
ing them; each being ufually divided into three
parts, the two lowelt one againft another; and
every part alfo confiding of three or five fmaller
Leaves than the other, feparate each from the other,
being hard, crumpled and finely dented about the
edges, at the tops of the Stalks grow the Flowers
in longer Spikes, more fparedly and not fo thick
thruft together, turning down their Heads, which
are white like the former, and fmelling very fweet
alfo, more nearly refembling a Goats Beard , (which
Name fome Authors have given to it) than the
firlt kind here defcribed. Gerard fays, it has
Leaves of the bignefs of Wild Angelica, and grows
fomewhat after the manner of Wild Angelica ;
that the Stalks are creded and divided into feveral
Branches, which carry long bending Spikes or
Ears of white Flowers or Seeds, each fingle

VI. The Times. They are found in Flower
through all the rhree Summer Months, viz.
June, July, and Augujl, and their Seed is ripe
in fome fhort time after.

VII. The Qualities.. Mede-fweet is temperate
in rclpeft to heat or cold , but dry in the ftrfl
Degree. Abderfive, Adringent, and Traumatick
or Vulnerary-, Cephalick, Neurotick, Stomatick
and Hyderick.

VIII' The specification. It dops Bleeding, and
cures Fluxes of the Bowels of all forts, dops the
Whites and Terms in Women, and gives eafe in
the Colick and Gripings of the Guts. And heals
Wounds and old Ulcers.

IX. The Preparations. You may make from
either Flowers , Leaves , or Root , or from all of
them, r. A Liquid Juice. 2. An Effence. 3. A
Decollion or lnfufion in Wine. 4. A Pouder.
5. An Oil. 6. An Ointment or Balfam. 7. A
Cataplafm. 8. A Dijhl/cd Water. 9. A Spirituous
Tint! ufe. to. An AcidTinSttre.

The Virtues.

X. The Liquid Juice. It dops all forts of
Fluxes , Bleedings, and Vomitings, as alfo the
overflowings of the Terms in Women, and the
Whites. It is laid to alter and rake away the
fits of Quartane Agues, eafes the Gripings of the
Guts and moves the Belly downwards. Out-
wardly applyed^ it heals old Ulcers, which are
cancerous or earing, and fills up fidulous or hol-
low Ulcers pith Flefh, and cures Sores in the
Mouth and fecret parts. Dofe from 2 to 6
Spoonfuls Morning and Night, or oftner in any
Convenient Vehicle.

XI. The EJJence. It has the Virtues of the Juice
and is more powerful ro all the Intentions before
fpecified, and is only to be given from 1 to 3 or 4
Spoonfuls in any proper Liquor, Morning and
Night. It is Cordial and very much Cheers the
Heart.

All. 1 he DecoUion or lnfufion in Wine. They
have the Virtues of the Juice and EJfence , .but
may be given from 2 to 6 or 8 Ounces, fweetned
a little with white Sugar : It is very Stomatick
drengthens the Bowels , and caufes a good Ap-
petite.

XIII. The Pouder. It has the Virtues of the
former Preparations , taken from half a Dram to
a Dram in any proper Vehicle: if mixt with
Honey and taken, ir is good againd Coughs
Catarrhs, Colds, Wheezings, Hoariiiefs, Shortnefs
of Breath, and difficulty of breathing. Strewed
plentifully upon old , moilt and • running Sores
and Ulcers, it drys them, and induces a fpeedy
healing: it is alfo faid to kill Worms in Chil-
dren.

XIV. The Oil by Infolatiort or Boiling. It eales
rains being applyed, and ftrengthens weak Joints*
which have been lately Set , or where the Bones
have been Broken.

XV. The

6^6 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

XV. The Ointment or half am. It digetts ,
cleanfes, and induces the healing of old running
Sores, putrid Ulcers, Fiftulas and the like, and
breeds Flefh where it is wanting. Apply 'd to
parts or Joints pained with the Gout, it eafes
them.

XVI. T be Cataplafm. Made of the green
Herb, and laid upon the Skin, it will in a final 1

"time (as Tragus lays) raife Blitters thereon. Ap-
ply’d immediately to the Biting ot a mad Dog, or
Stinging of a Scorpion, Hornet, &c. it draws out
the Poyfon and gives eafe.

XVII. The Drfiilled Water. It has the Virtues

of the Juice, but nothing near fo powerful! : and
being dropt often into the Eyes, it eafes their pain,
and allays their Heat and Inhumation. It may alfo
ferve as a Vehicle to take fome of the other Pre-
parations in. .

XVIII. The Spirituous Tincture, It is Cordial,
ftrengthens the Stomach and other Bowels, flops
Fluxes of all kinds, caufes an Appetite and
good Digettion, and is profitable againtt inward
Bruifes : and gives prefent eafe in the .Colick.

XIX. 'Tiie Acid Tinffure. It mightily ftrengthens
the Stomach, and caufes a good Appetite ; and
ftops Vomiting tho’ of long continuance. It may
betaken in all the Patient Drinks, whether Ale,
Beer, or Wine ; fo much at a time as to give the
Liquor a pleafmg Iharpnefs * and that as well at
Meals, as between Meals.

CHAP. CCCCLXXXI.

Of MELILOTE:

OR,

KINGS - CLAVE R.

I. /_Tp U E Names. It is called in Arabick , Al-
L chilelmelick : in Greek , quafi

Mellea lotus , from Lotus , which fmells fweet
like Honey : in Latine , Melilotus : and in Englifh,
Melilote. This Plant was anciently called in
Latine , Sertula Campana, from its growing in Cam-
pania, where they ufedtoput it in Garlands: alfo
Corona Regia, becaufe the yellow Flowers Crown
the Tops of the Stalks: and Trifolium Odoratum,
from its pleafant f/eetnefs, but improperly, be-
caufe the Trifolium Odoratum, truly fo called, is
Our Garden Trefoil, of which wTe fhall fpeak here-
after in its proper place. It is alfo called Tri foli-
um Equinum , & Cabal/inum , becaufe Horfes delight
to eat it, and thrive well with it: and fo in many
places of England it is called Hart-Claver (from
Deer and Stags greedly feeding on it ; ) and in
fome places hart-wort -, but it is generally called
with us Kings-Claver (as being the Nobleft and
chiefett of all the Trefoils or three Leaved Grafles : )
and Melilote , from the Latine and Greek, as being
the Name now moft ufed, and indeed beft under-
ftood.

II. The Kinds. Authors have given us fourteen
or fifteen feveral forts of this Plant, but the molt
of them being unknown and nor growing in
England, nor in our Englifh Plantations beyond
Sea , we fhall only deferibe the four following
Species, viz. i. Melilotus Vulgar is, Melilotus major
Vulgaris Tragi, Melilotus Gcrmanica Camerarij ■,
Of Dodon&i ; Of Lobe hj • Trifolium Odoratum Tha-
lijpj Dodonxi Lotus- ur liana Of fativa Matthioli, &
Lugdunenfis ; Saxifraga Lute a altera, Euchfij 1$
Lo nicer i : but Seri a and Sertula Campana, the old La-
//WName, is now quite out of ufe: .Common Me-
lilote. 2. Melilotus Elore albo Melilotus mat or Can-
dida Tragi-, Lotus Sylvefiris Flore. albo Dalecbampij ■,
white Flowered Melilote. 3. Melilotus Italiea
Camerarij •, Melilotus Italiea folliculis Subrotundis
Bauhini , Italian Melilote. 4: Melilotus Syriac a
Melt loti vulgaris Species tertia Tragi-, Melilotus
Irnlica Dodonxi , Euchfij, Gefneri, Cj Matthioli -,
Melilotus Synaca odora Lobehj, (becaufe it came
from Aleppo, as he fays, but is ufed in Italy for
the true Melilot , and therefore called by other
Authors, as aforefaid, Melilotus Italiea and this
Tragus thinks to be the Melilote of Serapio :)
Aiiyrian Melilote.

The Defcriptows.

III. The fir ft, or Common Melilote. It has a
Root which is long, white , and tough, or pliant, with
feveral Fibres or firings adjoining thereto, which
dies not every Tear : From this Root rifes up feve-
ral Weak green Stalks , about two or three feet
high-, on which grow longifh Leaves; fet round
about at the Joints, three always let together like a
Trefoil, of a frefh green color, and fomewhat fweet
fmelling, being unevenly dented or fnipt about the

W § f $ Jl Of S.

Chap. ^8 1. ‘Englijh Herbs. 6y~j

edges, and oftentimes eaten about the fame. Out
of the bofoms of the Leaves come final! flender
Stalks about a handful long, let thick on their
tops with little yellow Flowers, hanging down
•and turning up again , each Flower being com-
pofed of two little yellow Leaves, of which the
uppermoft turns up again , and the undermoft
feems to be parted into three : they ate made
much like other Trefoils , but fmall and Handing
in long Spikes, one above another for an hand
breadth or better : which being paft away, turn
afterwards into long crooked Cods, in which is
contained the Seed, which is brown and fomething
fiat.

IV. The fecond, or white Flowered Melilote.
In Root is tough , white anl Jlender , with many
ft rings or threads adjoining , perijhing commonly
after it has given Seed , but Springs up again of its
own Sowing, F lowering the next year after its
Springing , or after the Seeding. This Me/ilote is
very like the former, but has more Woody Stalks
tiling up higher, greater, and with fmaller green
Leaves, fmelling much like the former, but weaker.
The Flowers grow alfo in long Spikes and more in
Number, of a white color, and Idler alfo, which
turn into fmall round Heads, and not crooked like
the other. -

V. The third, or Italian Meliote. Its Root is
fmall long and Woddy , perijhing every year, and Sel-
dom rifes again of its Jhed Seed, but nmft be new
fovm every Spring. It has feldom more than one
Stalk tiling from its Root, which quickly grows
whitilh and a little Woody , fet here and there
with three Leaves at a Joint , which are much
larger than the former, and the end Leaf .larger
than the other two , fomething unevenly waved or
cut in on the edges, of a fmell almoft as ftrong as
the firft, but l'omewhat more pleafant. At the
tops of the Stalks grow many Flowers, fpikefafhi-
on , but of a more deep yellow color , and
fomething larger alfo than the firft, which turn
into round whitilh Heads , greater than the lalf,
which ufually contain but one Seed or grain
apiece.

VI. The fourth, or Aflyrian Melilor. Its Root is
Woody, and perijhes every year, after it has given
Seed. It rifes up with feveral Stalks about two feet
high, fet with Joints: at every one of which
grow three Leaves, fomething larger than thofe of
the firlt , but not fo large as thole of the laft or
third deferibed, and a little dented about the Edges
The Stalks l'pread themfeives forth in Branches to-
wards their tops, on which grow many pale yellow
Flowers, fet in order one above another* as in the
former, which turn into fmall, long, and fomewhat
flat Cods, a little crooked or bending at the end like
an Hawks Bill, in which is contained the Seed.
The whole Plant, as well Flowers as Leaves and
Seed, did fmell very fweet at their firft bringing
out of Aftt, or Syria, into Europe-, but gradually
it grew every year weaker and weaker, fo that as it
feems, it has not iiow near half fo good a lmell as
it had formerly. This Kind Pena fays, is ufed in
Italy inftead of the true Melilot ( which is the firft
deicribed in this Chapter) for that there is great
ftore of it growing in that Country.

VII. The Places. The firft grows plentifully in
Germany, and alfo is very common in molt parts
of England, as in the edge of Suffolk, and m'Effex
in divers places, alfo in Uuntington-Jhire, Cam-
bridgeshire, and the lfle of Ely , but molt ufually
in Corn-fields, in the cornets of Medows , and
on plowed Lands ends, and in the Furrows of ' Corn-
fields, and fometime among the Corn it felf: and
certain it is, that it grows not mote plentifully in

any part of the World, than in England, elpeciallv
: in the Counties aforenamed. It grows between
Sudbury in Suffolk, and Clare in Effex, and from
P , ro nennmgham , and from thence to Ovendon
lulmare and Pedmarjh, where many Acres of
wound are overgrown with the fame, infomuch
ns that it becomes almoft an annoyance both to the
rf", a"d. Cor“ v generally overfpreading that parr

ns r ae fec.ond grows not Wild with

’ ™r !3 ^.u[,eci UP 'n Gardens -, in Germany it
grows plentifully as the other does. The third
grows in Italy. And the fourth in Syria about

anffirfr°® 'yh,tnCe ic was brought t0

the tond does ^ here alfo in Ardens, as
'fintes. They all Flower in the Sum-

SeTd^s fthS’ ln nnd AuguJI, and their

Seed is ripe quickly after.

Thf ft is hot and dfy in the

firlt Degree . Aftringenr, and Maturative * and yet
3cLD“e, where Suppuration canno/be
,alloTraumatick or Vulnerary, Diuretick,
Nephritick and Lithontfiptick.

1 ,Jhe specification. It difculles Tumors
hells Wounds and Ulcers, provokes Urine, expels

and R?ntdiGraViel'Dand clcanfo the Reins, Ureters
Matter d£I od ^ltultous Humors and Tartarous

XI. The Preparations. You may have here-
A Liquid. Juice. 2. An Effence. v
A DecoHion ,n Wine or Water. 4. A Vinegar.

5. An Infolated Oil, 6. An Emplafter Jintp/e.

7. An Emplafter Compound. 8. A Balfam. J <ft. A
Cataplafm, io. A Diftilled Water .

The Virtues

XII. The Liquid juice. It comforts the
Stomach and Bowels , and is good to flop Fluxes
ot the Bowels. Dropt into the Eyes it is lingular
good againft Pams and Inflamations there, and to
take awav Clouds, Films ©r Pannicles growing up-
on the Sight, and to ftrengthen the Eyes. And it
is ettectual to be given to thofe who are in fear of
an Apoplexy, or have fuddenly loft their Senfesby
a Paroxyfm, to ftrengthen the Head and Brain, and
reltore the Memory, the Head being alfo externally
bathed with the fame. Dofe 2 or 4 Spoonfhls in

3 vtti °d ^lne ^lorn,ng ar|d Night.

X1IL The Effence. It has all the Virtues of
the futce^ and may be given ffom one to three
Spoonfuls in fome proper. Vehicle. Dropt into
the Ears it eafes their Pains , and dropt into
lore and tunning Eyes , it flops the Flux of
Kh,e“m- Applyed to hard Tumors or Swellings,
it difculfes and foftens them , and is profitably ap
plyed to fimple Contufions. 3 ^

XIV. The Decollion in Wine or Water Bathed
upon the Head it gives eafe in the Head-ach:
fpreading Ulcers being walhed therewith it cleanfes
rttV cfwn°f *»%*» with

Carnmtl m Mutton Broth, and ufed Clyfier-wife
expels Wmd, and eafes pains of the Belly. Made’

with W 1 HP Q nrl Hronlr l- J . n 1 W

■r, lit- — 5 '-cww kji me oeuv. Made
Memoq|lne ^ Drank’ ic isSood to ftrengthen the

XV. The Vinegar. It is admirably difcuffive,
*cs rain and niffilvpcT'nmAnrp u., l . l i .

698

SalmonV Herbal.

Lib. I.

Belly, and Hypochonders, mightily eafing tlie Pams

of thofe Parts. , ,

* XVI. T be Infvhtiei Oil ■ It mollifies hard 1 u-
rnors and Inflamations, difculfes Swellings m the
privy parts of Man, or Woman; it is a molt Sove
reign thing both for green Wounds, and Ud Sores,
for Tumors, Cramps, ConvulGons, 1 ains and Aches
in any part of the Body ,whatfoever, whether 111
the Mufculous or Hefoy parts, or among the
Nerves, Tendons, Veins Arteries &c. It is made
of the F 'lovers ami Herb w:th Ot Olive Injolatcd,
or boiled in Balneo , and then flramed forth re-
flating litis with frefh Herbs ami towers three

'"xvil. The ftmple Emplafter. It is thus made.
Take green Mehhte cut Small 5 Pounds ; pure
Re fin 8 Pounds-, yellow Wax 4 Pounds-, Sheeps
fuel 1 Pounds; Turpentine 1 Pound- mx, boilj
llrai n out, and make an Employer according to Art.

It ripens Tumors, breaks and cures them, draws,
cleanies and heals Wounds admirably in any part
of the Body; only be cautious of applying it to
Wounds of the Legs, or other depending parts,
for fear it Ihould caufe a flux ot Humors, not
eafily to be diverted. ,

XVIII. The Compound Emp/ajler. Take t/owei
of Meli/ot 6 Ounces : Camomil blowers, fenugreek
Seed Bay Berries, husked, Althea Roots, logs of
Wormwood and Marjerom , of each 3 Drams : Seeds
of Partly, Bi/hops- weed and Cardans, Roots of Urnce,
Cyperus and Spicknard, Caffiahgnea, of each a Dram
and half-. Ammomacum 10 Drams -. St or ax Cal, 1-
mita, Bdellium, of each ; Drams : Turpentine an
Ounce and half: Pulp of fat tigs, N xij : Goats
Suet, Rofin, of each 2 Ounces and half: Wax 6
Ounces : Oils of Sweet Margerom and Spicknard,
of each 3 Ounces: Beat thofe things which are to be
beaten = Extratt thofe things which are to be ex-
jraSed, or the Pulp of figs, Altbta Roots, and
fenugreek He. Diffo/ve the Ammomacum and
■Bdellium in Vinegar, to. Then mix and make the
Emp/afier according to Art, aiding the Oils of Sweet
Marjerom and Spicknard, towards the end of the
Operation. It is Maturanve, Emo lent and Ano-
dyn draws , cleanfes and heals, ltrengthens the
Stomach , Liver, Spleen, and Bowels difculfes
Wind and Tumors, helps Hypochondria* Melan-
choly, Vomiting, Indigeltion, Rickets, t he.

XIX. The Balfam. It is made by boiling the
green Herb brufedi Pounds, inOi/Ohve 3 Pounds,
to Crfpnejs, then framing out , and renewing this
Work three limes: at length to every Pound of the
framed Liquor add Bees Wax half a Found: Cbto
Turpentine, Balfam Capivi /, Gum Elemi ExtraSei,
Balfam of Peru, of each 4 Ounces : mix and corn-
pleat the Balfam. It heals green Wounds common-
ly at the firtt intention, and many times at one
(faffing: It digefts eating Ulcers, cleanfes putrid
running Sores, incarnates drys and heals; eafes
Pains in any parts, chiefly of the Nerves and
Tendons, and cures the Gout, being fitly ap-

P'xx. The Giuplafm. It is made of the flowers
and Leaves boded in I Vine, and brought to aCon-
figlency with Meals of Unugreek and Lin Seed, or
Bar ly flower, or Poppy Seed beaten /oft anijmll
or folks of Eggs boded hard. It ioftens all hard
Tumors and Inflamations in the Eyes, Nerves, Ten-
dons, Mufcles, 13 c. in any partot the Body Fun-
dament, Tefticles, or private parts of Main
Woman*, ripens and breaks Apoftems, ftops the
courfe of eating and fpreading Ulcers refills the
putridity, digelts and eafes the Pam, t c.

XXI The Ditt died Water. It is made of the
Herb and flowers, by an AUmbick with a naked

fire, or in Balneo. Some ufe it as a Perfume :
but ’mixt with an equal quantity of common Spi-
rit of Wine, it makes a CoHyrium, which dropt
into the Eyes, cools, takes away Inflamations,
and hot Rheums , clears rhe Sight , eafes the
Pain, and ltrengthens the parr, thereby prevent-
ing any new ot fiiture Fluxion of Humors to
rhe fame.

CHAP. CCCCLXXXII.

Of MELON Garden :

0 R,

P O M P I O N Garden*

1. 'T' H E Names. It is called in Greek , nim. :

1 in Latine, Pepo : and in Englijh, Melon,
Million, and Pompion.

II. The Kinds. There are four principal forts
of this Plant, viz. 1 . Pepo Hortenjis , the Garden
Melon or Pompion, of which in this Chapter.

2. Pepo Sylveftris , the Wild Melon, or Pompion,
of which in Chap. 483. 3. Melopepo, Melo mof-
chatus , the Musk Melon , of which in Chap. 4841
4. Melo vel Pepo aquations, GtrullUs. , the Citrul
or Water Melon, of which in Chap. 48;. follow-
ing.

III. The Kinds of the Garden Melon or Pompion .
There are thefe following Species, viz. 1. Pepo
maximus oblongm, the great long Melon or Pompi-
on. 2. Pepo maximus rotundas , the great round
Melon or Pompion. 3. Pepo maximus comprcffus,
the great flat bottomed Melon or Pompion.’ 4.
Pepo maximus clypeatus , the great Buckler-like
Melon or Pompion. y. Pepo minor, five Virginia .
nus, the fmaller or Virginian Melon or Pompion,
called alfo Virginian Macock.

The Defcriptionf.

IV. The frft, or Great long Melon or Pompion.
Its Root is of the bignefs of a Mans Thumb, or
larger, difperfed under Ground, with many fmall
fibres thereto adjoined. From this Roof come
forth thick and rough prickly Stalks or Branches,
which creep upon the Ground, if nothing is near
it to take hold of, otherwife with its clafping
Tendrels, it climbs upon Rich tilings as are near to
it, as Poles, Arbors, Pales, Hedges, Shrubs, 13 c.
upon which great, ribbed, rough Branches, grow
very large, rough Leaves , cut in on the edges
with deep gaihes, and dented alfo round about
like a Saw , with many Clafpers, which winde
about every thing they meet witliall. The Flowers

Chap> 482. ‘Englijb Herbs > 699

at£ an^",^§e> hollow and yellow, like unto
a Bell Cup, divided in rlie brim into five parts or
points Handing out like Teeth. At the bottom of
whieh, ( js is in all the rdf) grows up the Fruit
winch IS very great, thick, round, and lone, or of
an Oval form, fometimes of the bigneis of an
ordinary Mans Body, let round with bunched Ribs
111 iome, and more plain and fiat in others. The
1 , e IS eit/1.eLot a grc‘en> °r- grey, or yellow
color or whitifh, or party colored , as Nature is
plealed to Vary ir, and of a mean hardnefs. the
harder pulp of the Fruit is yellowilh, or of a
v.liinlh yellow, and of a flatucnt ralte: but the
thinner pulp within that, lying in the middle, is of
uMi.ny Fibrous, and Watery Subftance, in Which
the Seed is conta ined, which is white, large, broad,
fiat, thin, and almofl Oval, but fomewhat narrower

Khke mfkne Cnd> 3nd °f 3 fwCEC 01 Milk*’
\. The Jccond , or Great round Melon or
Pompion. This is like unto the former, in its Root ,
Si Ms, Branches, heaves, and Clafping Tendrels ;
but the gaffes the Leaves are not Jo deep, and
the Sulks are tenderer. The Flowers are in like

’ 8 -C 0 ST Qr.at %unJ.

manner yellow, gaping, cornered or pointed at the
top, as thofe of the former •, but the Fruit is fome*
thing rounder, fometimes greater, and fometimes
letter , and often times of a green color* with an
harder Bark, and fometimes now and then
fofter and whiter. The harder pulp within is
like the other, and the Seeds have alfo the
fame form, with very little difference in their
magnitude.

VI. The third, or Great flat bottomed Melon or
Pompion. T his differs not much from the other
ttvo in its Root , rough Stalks , or Branches , and in
its gafhed or dented Leaves. The Flower is alfo
great and yellow, like thofe of the others: but
the Fruit (which is of a great bignefsj is com-

pre ffed or fiat bottom’d, and its Rinde is full of
little hilly Whelks, nor much unlike to rhofe of
the Citron Rinde or Peel, which when it is ripe is
in like manner, yellow. ^ *

VII. The fourth, or Great Buckler-like Melon
or Pompion. This very much differs from the
others ,n form: the Roots, Stalks, Leaves, and
flower,, are much like the others ; bur the Fruit is
not long nor globular, but altogether broad, and in
a manner flat, like unto a Shield or Buckler, thick-
er in the middle, but thinner in the circumference
and curled, hilled, or bumped, up and down about
the edges, like the rugged or uneven Peel of the
utron : and this Rinde is very foft, thin and white.
Ihe lohder pulp within, is hard and durable, and
the Seed inform, color, and ralte, like the former
K-inds, but fomewhat left.

vm. The fifth % or Smaller or Virginian Melon
or Pompion. Its Root confifls of many whitifh
Branches, creeping far abroad in the Earth which
penjh at the firfi approach of Winter. From
whence fpring up rough cornered or flraked
Branches, trailing upon the Ground , 8 or o feet
long or longer, which fpread themfelves and run
upon the furface of the Earth, and are again di-
vided into other Branches of a blackilh green color
covering and taking up a great deal of room, fend-
ing forth broad, cornered rough Leaves, on great
grois, long, rough, hairy foot Stalks; like and full
as large as the Leaves of the fuff or common Melon
or Pompion-, with clafping tendrels, and great
broad, fhriveled, yellow Flowers, like to thofe of
the common Pompion. After them comes the Fruit
upon the Stalks, not commonly fo near the Root’
but towards the tops or ends of the Branches; fome-
thing round, and not extending in length, but flat
like a Bowie, and not fo big as an ordinary Bowie
being feldom above 3 Inches in thicknefs or length’
and 4 Inches in breadth; of a blackilh green color
when it is ripe. The eatable pulp is of a whitifh
yellow color, containing within that, a great deal
°f a thinner, foft, flimy, fibrous Subltance , in
which the Seed lyes in certain rows, like that
of the firft or common Pompion, but much
lmaller.

IX. The places. Thefe are all planted in Gar -
dint in England, and other Countries, anddelieht
in a rich and fruitful Soil, and even in ourCountry
they come to great perfection.

X. The Tunes. They are planted in the lat-
ter end of March , or the beginning of April-
Flower in the latter ehd of July, and Auguft
and their Fruit is ripe in September and Offol
ber.

,^I- . T,’e. Qualities. The Fruit (which is that
which is chiefly made ufe of; is cold and moift in
the fecond Degree ; Abflerfive, Anodyn, Diuretick
Lenitive, Nephritick, ind Lithontriptick.

XII. The Preparations. You may have here-
from. i- A Liquid Juice of the Fruit. 2 The
Pulp of the Fruit. 3. An Emulfton of the Seed
4. A Lataplafm of the Pulp. A Di/liUed Water
of the Fruit.

TIjc Virtues,

XIII. The Liquid Juice. Given from a Spoon-
fu.I /° tw°, “the muted Water, and fweetned
with Syrup of Clove-Gil/iflowers, it quenches Thirlt.
abates the violent heat of Burning revets allays
the heat and inflamation of the Stomach and other
Uuuu * Bowels.

7°°

Salmons Herbal.

Lib. I.

hot

Bowels, prevails againft the Scurvy in a
habic ot' Body, provokes Urine, and gives eale
in the Stone and Strangury, being taken Morn-
ing and Night. It is alfo good againtt Vapors,
and a Flatus, proceeding tiom the Spleen or
Diftemper of the Hvpochonders.

XIV. The Plitp if the Yruit. It is never
eaten raw but boiled , lor lo it more easily
defcends and by its lenitive property, makes
the Belly Solubjc. It has all the Virtues ot
the Liquid Juke, and being dreft with Butter,
Pepper, Salt, and Vinegar, it may be eaten
in quantity, according to pleafure: it nou-
rilhes not much, but being boil’d in Milk, and
eaten as aforelaid, it makes a good and
wholefome Food, cooling and grateful to a
hot Stomach , and inward parts which are
inflamed. The fame Pulp lliced, and tried in
a Pan with Butter, is alfo good and wholefom:
but Baked in an Oven with Apples, it is very
flatulent or windy ; unlefs it be fo often
Baked, or in luch a violent hot Oven, that the
Pulp becomes red , then it loofes its windy pro-
perty, and becomes very wholefom, with an
Emollient and cooling property.

XV. The Emulfton of the Seed. It has the
Virtues of the Liquid Juice of the Yruit , but
cleanles the Reins and Bladder much more,
and more powerfully provokes Urine, being
very good for fuch as are troubled with the
Stone in the Reins: It is an excellent thing
againft the Strangury, takes away the heat and
fcalding of the Urine, and cures the pifling of
Blood.

XVI. The Cataplqfm of the Pulp. Applyed
to pained Joints, and parts affefted with
the Gout it gives eafe, and difcuJTes the
Humor, abating the heat. It is good againft
Inflamations, and difcuffes fimple contufions
being immediately applyed to them. It alfo
gives eafe in the vehement pain of the Head,
proceeding from heat and Tnflamation , and
takes away the Inflamation and Blood-fhot of
the Eyes.

XVII. The Diftilled Water. It is good
againft an Eryftpelas by bathing the parts
affefted often therewith, and applying Linnen
Cloths tout or fix times double thereupon,
wet in the fame. Taken inwardly, it has the
Virtues of the Liquid Juice of the Yruit , and
'Emulfton of the Seed , and may ferve as a Ve-
hicle , for conveying other Medicaments in ,
appropriated to the Reins and Bladder: mixed
in equal quantities, with a Spirit drawn
from Sugar, it makes an incomparable Eye
water, to eafe the pain of the Eyes, flop
Rheums and Defluxions , take away Inflama-
tions and Blood-fhot , to heal Ulcers and
Sores therein, clear the Sight, and ftrengthen
the part againft any future Defluxions.

CHAP. CCCCLXXXIII.

Of MELON - WILD.

0 R,

P O M P I O N - W I L D.

I. HP 11 E Karnes. It is called in Greek ,
JL ns war iym: in Latine , Melo vel Pcpo
Sylvejlris : and in Eng/ijh , Wild Melon or Pom-
pion.

II. The Kinds. There are two forts of this
Plant, vie:. Melo vel Pepo Sylvejlris major , The
Greater Wild Melon or Pompion. 2. Melo vel
Pepo Sylvejlris minor. The Leffer Wild Melon or
Pompion.

'The Defcriptions.

III. The fir ft , or Greater Wild Melon or
Pompion. It hat a Root which is thick , round ,
and Jharp pointed , having feveral Yibres adjoin-
ing to it. From which come forth rough, un-
even Stalks , fet with (harp , thorny Prickles :
The Leaves are alfo rough, and jagged or much
cut in on the edges, of an unpleafing green color,
and the Flowers are of a yellow color ,
much like thofe of the Garden Kind. The Fruit
is thick, round, and long, almoft of an Oval
fafhion, fharp pointed, and having a hard green
Rind, whofe hrft Pulp or Meat is hard like the
others : but the middle Pulp foft and flimy , in
which is contained the Seed, which is like that
of the Garden Pompion , but the whole very bit-
ter in tafte.

IV. The fecond , or Lefler Wild Melon or PCm-
pion. This in its Root , Stalks , Branches ,
Leaves , Flowers , Fruit , Seed , and manner of
growing , is very like the former but now
deferibed , and differs from it only in its
Magnitude, this being every ways much lefs
than it.

V. The Places. Thefe Plants grow Wild
in Barbery , and aloft parts of the Wejl-lndies;
but with us in England, they only grow (being
Sown) -in Gardens .

VI. The Times. They fpring up, and Flower
in the fame Seafons, with thofe of the Garden
Kinds.

VII. The Qualities. Thefe Melons are hot
and dry in the third Degree ; and are very
bitter: they are alfo Abfterfive, Hyfterick, and
Cathartick.

VIII. The Specification. They are peculiar for
the curing of Dropfies and the Kings Evil : and
to provoke the Terms in Women.

IX. The Preparations and Virtues, of thefe
Wild Melons or Pompions , are the fame with
thofe of the Wild Cucumber , in Chap. 479. a
Sell. 9, ad 27. where you may have abundant
fatisfa&ion.

X. Note,

Chap. 484. ‘Englif/j Herhs.

701

X. Kota. If into the Shell or Rind ( after the
Pulp or Subilance of the Seed is taken forth) you
put in White Port or Lisbon Wine, and it let remain
therein fo long, till it becomes bitter, it admi-
rably purge the Belly, and will educe Pituitous,
Cholerick, and Watery Humors, and carry off the
the Morbifick caufe of the Dropfy Sarcites , or
Anafarca , as alfo of the Kings Evil and the
Gout.

XI. The Inf pi [fate Juice of the Fruit. It has the
fame Operation with that of Elaterium, or Infpif-
fate Juice, or ftecula of the Wild Cucumber ; and
may be very well ufed in place thereof for all
thofe Difeafes to which the Elaterium is applyed ;
but 1 am apt to believe it mult be given in a larger
Dofe, viz. in full the Double quantity.

CHAP. CCCCLXXXIV.

Of MELON-MUSK.

I. cp H E Karnes. It is called in Greek ,
X MiMr: (which fignifies an Apple: and
therefore fome Authors have called it) Mbai ■mmuv,
Me/opepon : (or Pepon fmelling like an Apple:)
in Lot me, Melo , Melopepo , Melo mofcoatm ,
and Melo Mufchatellinus : in Englijh , Musk
Melon.

II. T be Kinds. Authors make four Species of
this Plant , to which we Ihall add a fifth , grow-
ing in America , viz. I . Melo, vel Melopepo vul-
garis , Our Common Musk-Melon. 2. Melo Hi-
fpanicus , the Spanifh Musk-Melon. 5. Melo Pyri-
formis , the Pear-fafhon’d Musk-Melon. 4. Melo
Saccharinus , the Sugar Musk-Melon. 5. Melo
Americana: , vel Flondianus , Melo Caroliniant/s,
vel Virginianns, the American or Carolinian Musk-
Melon.

The Descriptions.

III. I 'he firft, or Our Common Musk Melon.
It has a long Root with many Fibres at it, running
not very deep into the Earth , but in a great meafure
tinder the upper cruft of the Ground. From this
Root (hoot forth Stalks, Branches and Leaves,
much refembling thofe of the Cucumber, both in
the manner of growing, and in its trailing Branches,
which are rough , with rough uneven Leaves ,
with yellow Flowers : after which come the Fruir,
which is rounder , thicker , bigger , and rugged ,
than any Cucumber ■, and fpotted on the out fide,
of a ruffet color , and green underneath, which
when it comes to be full ripe, will change a little
yellowilh, being deep furrowed and ribbed, and
fometimes without Ribs, and having many times
chaps and rifts in fome places of the Rind. The
inward hard Pulp, is yellow, and of a pretty fait
or folid Sabftance, and is only eaten : The Pulp

MV SK -ME LON.

within that, is vety foft, Ilimy, and watery,
and of a pretty deep yellow color, in which is
contained the Seed, which is fomething larger and
yellower than that of the Cucumber. The Fruit
coming to be of a ftrong fweet fmell, and change-
ing its color , either to yellownefs, or a green
yellow, (hews its coming to ripnefs: but it requires
much watering in the hot time of the day, to induce
its looner ripening.

IV. Gerard has this Defcription of it. It is like
to the Common Cucumber in its Stalks, lying flat
upon the Ground, long , Branched and rough. The
Leaves are much alike, butleffer, rounder, and
not fo cornered. The Flowers in like manner are
yellow. The Fruit is bigger (than the Cucumber : )
at firft fomething hairy, fomething long, and fome-
what round ; often times greater, and many times
Idler. The Bark or Rind is of an over-grown
ruffet green qolor, ribbed and f urrowed very deeply,
having chaps or Chinks, and a confufed roughnefs.
The Pulp which is to be earen is of a faint yellow
color, the middle part of which is of a (limy
moifture, in which is contained the Seed, much
like to that of the Cucumber , and of a browner
color.

V. The feconi , or Spanilh Musk-Melon. It
hat from its Root which is like the former, long
trailing Branches , on which grow broad Leaves,
'/lightly indented about the edges, not divided at all
as are all the reft of the Melons. The Fruit is
large for the moil parr, and grow near unto the
Stalk , like unto the Common Garden Melon or
Pompion, very long, nor crefted or furrowed at
all, bur fpotted with very many fuch marks or
fpots as are on the back fide of the Harts-tongue
Leaf. The Pulps (both the firmer and the fofter)
as alfo the Seed, are much like rhe former.

VI. The third , or Pear falhloned Musk-Melon.
It has many long Viney Branches , upon which grow
cornered Leaves, like thofe of the Vine ■, as alio

great

702 Salmons

great itore of long Tendrels, clalpingand climbing,
and taking holdalmoft ot any thing they touch.The
Fruit grows upon llender toot Stalks, and is fafhi-
oned Ibmething like a Pear, and of the laregnefs of
a very great Quince.

VII. The fourth , or Sugar Musk-Melon. It ha*
long trailing Stalks or Branched lying upon the
Ground , bn which grow fmall datping Tendrels,
like thole of the Vine -, and alfo Leaves like unto
the Common Cucumber , but of a greener color : the
Fruit comes torrh among thole Leaves, growing
upon {lender foot Stalks, and round as a Coloquin-
tida Apple , and of the fame bignefs, being of a
molt pleafant tafte like Sugar, from whence it took
its Epithite or Sir-Name.

VIII. The fifth, or American, Carolinian Musk-
Melon. It differs but very little from the firft
deferibed in this Chapter, neither in its Root , Stalks ,
Branches , Leaves , nor blowers , nor in its form or
manner of growing , faving that the Riant is in all
its parts much bigger. The Fruit is big, round
ribbed-, and very large, fometimesas large as Our
Great Common Garden Rompions , and almoft of the
lame fhape, both of the firlt long Kind, and of the
fecond round Kind, faving in the ribbing hereof
and when it is ripe, it is in its Kind of a whitifh
yellow color, and of the thicknefs of Our Common
Rompion. The more folid Pulp, as alfo the foft
llimy, and the Seeds contained therein are like for
fubltance and color, to the firft here defer ibed., and
very pleafant in tafte : but the Seed is larger.

IX. The Places. They delight to grow in hot
Countries, as Spain , Italy , Africa , the Coafts of
Barb ary and JEgypt , in feveral parts of Afia, and
the Eaft and Weft Indies , yet they thrive and
come to perfection here in England , being Huf-
banded with Care: and the laft grows plentifully in
Carolina , an Englijh Settlement in America , and in
other parts of that Continent.

X. The Times. They are fown in the latter end
of March , and in April-, and their Fruit is ripe in
Auguft, from the beginning of the Month to the
end thereof.

XI. The Qualities. The Fruit and Seed are cold
and moift in the fecond Degree-, cleanfing, and
very grateful and refreftiing to the Stomach and
other Bowels.

XII. The Specification. The Fruit and Seed
cool in Fevers, and admirably reprefs Lult.

XIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, i . The more folid Pulp. 2. A Liquid Juice
of the bruit. y. An Emulfion of the Seed. 4. A
Difti/led Water of the bruit.

The Virtues.

XIV. T}?e Liquid Juice of the bruit. Given
from one Spoonful to two mixt with fome of the
Difti/led Water, and fweetned with Syrup of Clove-
Gilliflowers, or of Violets it cools and takes away
the heat of Burning Fevers, and by repeating it at
due diftances of time cures it : it alfo much
abates Luft, and takes away the Potency of Gene-
ra, ion.

XV. The more folid Pulp of the Fruit. It is ufed
to be eaten as a Sallet, the outward Rind being firft
pared off pretty tjrick, and alfo being freed fiom
the inward foft flimy matter: It is then fliced and
eaten raw with Pepper and Salt, and by fome with
Sugar only ; by which way, it very much cools and
refreflies the Stomach, more elpecially if a Glafs
of Wine be drank after it.

Herbal. Lib. I.

XU. The Emulfion of the Seed. Ic cures the
hot -burning fit? ot Fevers, quenches Thirlt, cools
the Stomach and Bowels; loofens the Belly, cleart-
les the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, provokes Urine,
eafes the Strangury, takes away the hear and feald-’
ing ot Urine, helps luch as make bloody Water,
and reprelles Lult, (being long ufed) after a Angu-
lar manner.

XVII. The piJiWeJWuter. It has all the Vir-
tues ot the Liquid Juice of the fruit, and of the
Emulfion of the Seed : and may be taken from four
to fix or eight Ounces fweetned with fome proper
Syrup. Ufed as a Topick, it cools Inflamations,
helps blood-fhot and fore Rheumatick Eyes ; and
clears, foftens, and whitens the Skin, removing
Scabs, Itching, Scurf, Morphew, black and blew
Spots, Tanning, Sunburning, and other defeedations
thereof : and this more elpecially if a little Juke
of Limns, or very (harp white Wine Vinegar be
mixed with it, (but is not then to be ufed to’ the
Eyes.)

Chap, cccclxxxv.

Of MELON - WATER:

OR,

C 1 T R U L.

I. HP H E Names. It is called in Arabick,
X Batee , C? Batecha: of the j. Egyptians ,
Chate, Abdolavi, Chajar and is thought to be the
Dulbaha Serapionis : in Greek by JEtius (who firft
Named it in that Language) 'a yy*ti»v, or 'A
(which with the Greeks did lometimes fignifie a
Cucumber.) In Latine, Anguria, Citrulus, Lf G-
tr till us a Citreo colore L? forma : alfo by fome
Cucumis Citrullt/s, to diftinguifh it from the Cucum-
ber-. in Englifh, Water Melon, and Citrul , or
Turk}' Melon.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral forts of this
Plant, but the three following are chief, viz. 1.
Anguria five Citrullus vulgatior, The Common
Citrul, Water Melon, or Turkey Melon. 2. An -
gun a Americana , Citrullm b/ondianus , Citrullum
Carolinianum -, The American or Carolinian Water
Mellon, or Citrul. 3. Anguria JEgyptiaca , the
/Egyptian Citrul or Water Melon.

The Defcriptions .

III. TIjc firft, or Common Citrul, Water
Melon, or Turkey Melon. The Root fpreads under
the Ground, zeith feveral Ramifications and Fibres
or Threads adjoining to them , and dies every year at
the reft do. In its form and manner of growing,
it is like other Melons and Cucumbers , trailing and
lying upon the Earth, with its Vine-like Branches:

the

Chap, d, 85. 'Engiijb ‘Herbs. 703

the Leaves of which are hairy, longer, and
narrower than in any other, and Aore divided
into feveral parts , having fmall Clafpers and
yellow Flowers: but the Fruit is greater

than a Musk- Melon, and fomething near the
talhion of a P ompion, with a fmooth greenilh
Bark or Rind , which will grow yellowilh in

Turley Water Melons : or, Citntls .

time, having fome ribs thereon: The Pulp

or inward Subtiance is wateridr, in fome fweet,
in others (a little tart, or acid, but in the
whole very pleai'ant and deniable to the
Tafte. The Seed is contained therein , and is
Cnaller , rounder , blacker , and harder Shell’d,
than that of the Ground.

IV. T be fccond , or American , or Caroli-
nian Water-Melon or Citrul. Its Root is
like the former -, and the whole Riant varies
but little from it in its Stalks, Branches,
Leaves , flowers , and manner of Growing :
But the chiefeft difference is in the Fruit,
which is as great as a middle fiz’d Melon
or Pompion , fome of which are a Foot or
fixteen Inches long, and thick in proportion
to that length, having a difcolored Rind,
variably Ipotted and ltriped with white lpots
upon the green-, the inner Pulp of which
in fome is white , in fome reddifh , and in
fome almoft a purplilh color , very watrifh,
and of a molt pleafant and delectable Tafte;
but tho’ it is watrilh, yet it is of firmer
Sublfance than the former , and will keep
after it is ripe for fome fmall time. The
Seed within this is like the other, but longer,
greater , tedder or biowner , and more fmooth
or Ihining.

Citntls: or, Water-Melons American.

V. The third, or ^Egyptian Citrul or Water-
Melon. This in its Roots , Stalks , Branches ,
Leaves , and flowers , differs but little from the
former-, but its fruit is much larger than thofe.
For fome of thefe arefo great, as Bcl/cntus fays,
that about fix of them will load's Camel, and one
or two of them a Man : the outward Rind is
yellow , the inner Meat or Subftance very little
and almoft empty, filled in the middle with much
Water which is very fweet, and much defired
and drank by the People of the places where this
Fruit grows ; with which fome mix Damask Rofe
Water, others Musk and Ambergrife to perfume
it, and offer it as a great thing, for tile Enter-
taining of their Friends : The Seed is not in great
quantity, but fmaller than the Seed of the for-
mer; in other things there is but little diffe-
rence.

VI. The Places. The firft grows throughout
Turfy , and in all Italy, as alio in Spain, the
Weft-Indies , and other hot Countries. The fecond
grows peculiarly, in America or the Weft-lndics , and
in a very great plenty in Carolina, both North and
South. And in Virginia , and other places of the
F loridian Continent. The third is a Native of
JEgypt , as Profper A/pinus fays in his Book of
^Egyptian Plants, and Bel/onius in his Obfervations,
Lib. 2. Chap, yt-

VII. ’the Times. They all are Planted of the
Seed in the Spring time, viz. in March and April,
•and Flower in June and July , and the Fruit is ripe
in Auguft , or about the lame time in which
the others.are ripe.

VIII. The Qualities. The Fruit and Seed, ate
cold and moift in the lecond Degree : The Seeds
being reckoned one of the four cold Seeds. They
are Abllerfive, Diuretick, Nephritick and Arirife-
britick , even beyond all rhe other forts of Me-
lons

lx. The

4

7°4

Salmons Herbal.

Lib. I.

IX. The Specification. They abate the

heat of Fevers , ftrengthen the Stomach ,
refrefh the whole Body , and help the

Strangury, Iharpnefs , heat' dnd Raiding of the
Urine, uc.

X. The ' Preparations. You may have there-
from , i. The Pulp , or Sa/let. 2. The Liquid
Juice. 3. An Emu/fion of the Seed. 4.
Dijhllcd Water from the Fruit.

The Virtues.

XI. The Pulp of the Fruit , or Sallct. It
is ufually eaten raw, being pared from the
Rind and cut into llices, or pieces. It cools
and refrigerates admirably , quenches thirft ,
refrefhes the Spirits, abates the heat of the
mod burning and malign Fevers, cleanfes the
Bowels , provokes Urine , takes away the heat
and Raiding thereof, and gives eafe in the
Strangury. People in the IVeJI-Indies , eat of
this Fruit very liberally, and tho’ even with-
out meafure , ( becaule of its pleafantnefs )
yet it has never been known once to Surfeit;
it is good for hot , dry , and wafted Bodies,
and fuch as are grown feeble and weak by
long Sicknefs, and the intenfe heat of Fe-
vers.

XII. The Juice of the fruit. It may be
drank Plentifully , and has all the Virtues of
the Pulp afore enumerated ^ it prevails won-
derfully againft the hot intemperature of the
Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Reins, Womb, and
Blood, quenches thirft, and takes away the
drynefs and roughnefs of the Throat and
Tongue.

XIII. The Emulfion of the Seed \ It takes

away the Febritick Diltemper of the Blood :
it gives eafe in the Strangury, abates the heat
and Raiding of the Urine, and cures Pilling of
Blood : and reprefle Luft , (being ufed for fome
tune) in an admirable manner. It has been
given alfo With good fuccefs in a Virulent
Gonorrhorea , for it cleanfes the Ulcer , eafes the
pain, and induces the healing.

XIV. The Tift Hied Water from the Fruit.
It is ufed as a Cofmetick, and fo it is in
eftecial manner , being mixed with Juice
of Lemons , or choice Vinegar: and Inwardly
taken, it abates the heat of all forts of Fe-
vers , and has the Virtues of the Juice of the
fruit , but in a weaker Degree : mixt with
Spirit of Wine in an equal proportion , it is
an excellent thing for Cloudy , Dim , Weak ,
Sore, and Rheumatick Eyes, it ftrengthens the
part, removes the matter affli&ing, and ftops the
defluxion.

CHAP. CCCCLXXXVI.

or mercury ’Herb Enghfh-

OR ,

good - henry.

1. Tp U E \ antes. It has no Greet Name

X that I knbw of, but it is called in Latine
Bonus Hennas s and in Englijh, Good Henry alfo
Herb-Mercury : which to diltinguifli from other
Herb- Mercuries, we call ic Englijh Herb-Mcr-
cury.

II. The Kinds. Of Herb-Mercuries there are
three efpecial forts , viz. I. Menurialis Ang/ica
tnglilh Herb-Mercury : of which in this. Chapter

2. Mercurtahs Gallica , French Herb-Mercury ’

u1 C 48?- I- Mercuria/is Sylveftris,
Wild Herb-Mercury, of which in Cl. nip. 488
following. r H

III. T he Kinds of Englijh Herb-Mercury. It is
a Plant of a Singular Species, and not at all re-
ferable to the Mercuries, tho’ it has obtained
that Englifh Name, fome Authors account it
a Species of the Wild Araches : others a Species
of the Lapatba or Docks : I am of a contrary
opinion to both thofe , and think it a lingular
Plant of us own Kind. But from thofe Opi-
nions and conceptions of what Kind it may be-
lt has obtained feveral Conformable Names/ as’
Rutnex unftuofns Tragi ; Rumicts genus ittchfij !
Lapatba Sylvejiris fecunium genus Dalechcimpij’
Atriphcts fpeeies Gefneri ; Atriplex canina Syl
vejins Lomceri ; Lapatbum untluofum Bauhini
Tot a bona Dodonxi V Lobe/ij ; & Bonus Hettri-
cus Math toil , BntnfelJij , Tragi (Jf aliorttni -
with us in England , Englijh Herb- Mercury and
Good Henry.

The Dejcriptioiis.

IV. It has a great , thick , and long Root ,
Spreading out into many parts or divifions , and
of a yellow color within like the Jharp pointed
Dock. From this Root fpring forth feveral
thick, fiat, broad, and long, dark green Leaves
upon long foot Stalks, pointed at the ends’
and double pointed at the bottoms, in Ihape
fomething like to Aron , or Wake Robin, or to
the Leaves of Medcw Sorrel , but very much
larger, from among thele Leaves fpring forth
feveral thick , hat , green Stalks about two
feet high, full or thick fet with Leaves like
the former, but growing dels as they approach
towards the tops. On the Branches , and their
feveral Tops or Heads grow as many fpiked
Heads of Flowers of a greenifh color, grow-
ing in clulfers , and thick fet together: in which
is contained the Seed, which is Hat, and much
like that of the Arach. The whole Plant is
foft in feeling , and often times overfpread

with

Chapi 486. 'Englijh Herbs.

7° 5

opens' obltruUicns of the Lungs , and is good
jagainft Coughs, Colds, Wheezing, (hortnefs of
Breath, difficulty of Breathing, and Ulcers of
the Lungs : but then the Hony ought to be
clarified, and mist in equal quantities with it:
and io applyed to Green Wounds it heals them:
and digelis, cleanfes, incarnates, and drys up old
and rotten Ulcers.

XI. The Catap/afm. Applyed to Green
Wounds or fimple Contufions it quickly cures
them : and applyed to old and running Sores,
it refills the Putridity, cleanfes them, and
afterwards wonderfully confolidates and heals
them.

XII. The Ointment or Bnlfam. It is a lingu-
lar good Vulnerary , healing limple Green
Wounds at a few times Drelltng: and if they
are Compofed or Complicate, it caufes Digelti-
on in a very (holt time , then cleanfes , incar-
nates and heals them. It heals alfo old Ulcers
and Fiftula’s , Kited Heels, and other Diftem-
pers of like Kind: and applyed to the Gout
from what caufe loever , whether hot or cold,
it eafes the Pain and cures it.

XIII. The Sallet. It is made of the Herb,
being Boiled in Water, or in Broth, mjde of
Fat Pork, or Bacon, or Fat Beef, or Veal)
being dreft up with Butter, Vinegar and Pep-
der, and fo eaten, it makes the Belly folu-
ble, and cleanfes the Pituitous Humors.

with a greyilh or whitilh green Dull , as if it
was covered with a fine Meal, like unto Arach,
for which reafon, it is, as I fuppofe, that fome
have accounted it a Species or Kind of that
Plant.

V. The Pieces. It is commonly found grow-
ing in untill’d Land, by Hedge fides in Orchards
and Cardens , and Ditch (ides in fome Paflure
Grounds , and among Rubbilh , near common
Ways, old Walls, Pales, and other like places,
In molt Counties of England.

VI. The Times. It Flowers in June and
July ) and the Seed is ripe in July and Augujl ,
or fome little time after.

VII. The Qualities. It is Temperate in re-
fpefit of heat or coldnefs, drynefs or moitture;
Abfterfive or Cleanfing, and Emollient or Loofen-
ing, by reafon of its Fatnefs and flippery-
nefs.

VIII. The Specification. It heals Green Wounds,
and cleanfes and cures old and putrid Ulcers.

IX. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. A Liquid Juice of the Herb or Root.
2. A Cataplafm of the Herb or Root, a- An
Ointment or Balfam. 4. A Sailer.

T be Virtues.

X. The Liquid Juice. Mixed 3 or 4 Spoon-
fuls of it with as much, or half as much Hony ,
and given inwardly, it loolens the Belly and Pur-
ges away Cold , glafiy and flimy Humors ) it

CHAP. CCCCLXXXVlI.

Of MERCURY Herb French,

I. 'T' H E Names. It is called in Greek ,
-L A imtusK, Linozoflis , S’ 'i!(uo Semen, ^
rEp^« Tnla, Mcrcurij Herba : alio tiusQnny, Par-
thenion, (but not truly:) in Latine , Mercuri-
alis : and in Englijh. , Herb-Mercury, and French
Herb-Mercury.

II. The Kinds. There are two principal Kinds
hereof, viz. I. Mercurialis vulgaris , vel Hor-
tenfis , The Common or Garden French Mercury,
which is twofold, viz. 1. Mercurialis vulgaris
Mm, The Common Male French Mercury. 2.
Mercurialis vulgaris Fa-mi na. The Common Fe-
male French Mercury. II. <toni.ii, Phyllum, S’
’ExaiSpiwAw , EHophy/lum , qitaft Oleafoliuml in
Latine, Pbyllum , and in Englijh, Childs Mercu-
ry ) and this is twofold, viz, 3. iorrie fau hmr,
Pbyllum thelygonon, Diofc. lib. 3. Phyllum fiemi-
nificum, vel jceminiparum, Phyllum Spicatum Bait-
him. Female Childs Mercury. 4. ^okkIv \hamohi.,r,
Phyllum EUophyllunt, ecio.li> apimojerov , Phyllon
Arrhenogonon, Phyllum Tefliculatum Bauhini, Pbyl-
lum Marficum , S’ Mariparum , The Male
Childs Mercury. Of all which in older.

X x x x The

■pi;

with frefh green Leaves, fomething broad and
long , like unto the Leaves of Pellitory of the
Wall, but lelTer, and much about the bignels
of the Leaves of Rafl, finely dented about
the edges. Towards the tops of the Stalks and
Branches at every Joint come forth, (in this Male
Kind ) two fmall, round, green Heads, Handing
together upon a fhort foot Stalk, which grow-
ing ripe are the Seed , not having any .Flower
that ever we could fee.

IV. The fccond, or Common Female French
Mercury. This in its Roots, Stalks, Branches ,
Leaves , and manner of growing is fo like
the former, that it is not to be diJUngttiJhed
from it , but by its blower and Seed. All Au-
thors agree, that this Plant as well as that
before Defcribed, both rile from the Seed of
one and the fame Plant, as the feveral forts
of Hemp do; and they both are lb like one
to another, that if it was not for the Flowers
and Seed which (hew the difference, they
could not be diftinguifhed one from another.
In this female the foot Stalk of the Seed is
longer , Spike fafhion , and fet round about

Roots both of the Male and Female perifii
every Year at the firff approach of Winter
and fpring op again of their own Sowing. Where
once they are fullered to Sow their Seed, the
Ground will never want them afterwards
even of both forts, fo admirably they en-
creafe.

V. The third, or Female Childs Mercury.
Its Root is white , hard, and Woody, of the
bignefs and length of ones finger, perifhing
every Tear , and fifing again front its' own
Seed, or the Seed of the Male Kind, in the
Katural places. From this Root rifes up a
branched fquare Stalk, full of Joints and
Branches , but weaker than thofe of the Male
following, and more full of Leaves, higher
alfo, and more bufhy : at the Joints always
Hand two fofc woolly Leaves, ibmewhat longer,
and narrower , than in the former Common
Kinds , and not dented ( or but very feldom )
about the edges, of an Acid and Saltifh taft:
at the Joints of this Female come forth long
foot Stalks, of Seeds and Flowers, which are
lodger than thofe of the Male Kind following-
Thefe Flowers which are in a clufter as it
were, are fmall , pale , and Moffy ; rarely
bearing any Seed, but tvhen they do, it is
contained in little round Heads, and is fmalf
and round like the Male Kind, fometimes
two, and fometimes three or more, growing
in a Clufter together. This and the Male has
a Wronger fmell and tafte, than any of the
Other Mercuries,

VI, The

Chap. 487. 'Englijh Herbs . 707

GMUrtns X 6 e V 1 jp.

VI. The fourth, or Male Childs Mercury.
This in its Roots , Stalks, Branches , Leaves ,
ani manner of Growing, is fo like the female
juft now defer ibcd , that it is difficult to dfiin-
guifh them afunder , but by their flowers ani
Seeds. At the Joints of this Male Kind come
forth fiiort foot Stalks, bearing at their tops
two fmall round Seeds, like to thofe of the
firft Common Male Mercury , and without giving
any Flowers like that alfo ; which Seeds are of an
Aih color, before they be perfeftly ripe : but when
they come to ripenefs, they become of a blewifh
afpeft , and not much unlike to Spurge Seed
growing as they do, two and two together:
the Leaves are not much unlike the Leaves
of the Olive Tree , covered over with a fof't
Down or Wool, and -of a gray color. Some Au-
thors will have that thefe Childrens Mercuries
Mate ani female , are the lame with the firft
Common french Mercuries Male and female , on-
ly differing as they grow in a differing Cl’ime :
but it they d.o but coniider only the forms of
the Leaves’ of each, and compare them (not
taking notice of the Seed) they may be eafily
convinced in their own underftandings of the
contrary.

VII. The Places. The two firft Kinds are found
growing Wild in f ranee, as alfo in feveral parts
of England, as very plentifully by a Village called
Brook/and in Rumney Marfh in Kent : it grows
alfo in Vineyards, Orchards, and other (hady
places, Gcrrard found it under the dropping of
the Bijhops Houfe at Rochefter ; and are generally
Sown with us in Kitchin Cardens among Pot-
Herbs. The two laft grow about Montpelier in
Prance, as alle in Spain and Italy , but with us
only in Gardens.

VIII. The Times. They all Fiower in hot
Countries in June, July, and Auguft ; and give

their Seed in fome little time after: But the
two latter Flower fo late here in our Country
that they fcarcely bear ripe Seed.

IX. lbe Qualities. Herb Mercury is hot and
dry in the fecond Degree: Abfterfive, Digeftive,
Hyfterick, and a little Cathartick.

X. The specification. MattMolus makes it a
Specifick againft the Yellow Jaundice. It Pro-
vokes the Terms, eafes the Strangury , and pre-
vails againft Scabs, Tettars , Ringworms, and
other like Deformities.

XI. The Preparations. You may have here-
from, 1. A Liquid Juice of the Leaves, i. A
De coition of the fame. 3- A Ponder of the Seed:
4. A Lotion. ;. A Cataplafm. 6. A Clylter 7
A Diftilkd Water of the Herb.

The Virtuei.

XII. The Liquid Juice. Taken to 4 or ;
Ounces in Broth or Drink, fweetned with a little
Sugar, it purges Choletick and Waterilh Humors.
Hippocrates commends it wonderfully for Womens
Difeafes; and he applyed it to the Womb, to
eale the Pains of the Mother: and he gave it
to provoke the CourfeS in Women, and to ex-
pel the After-birth. He dropt the Juice into Sore
and Watering Eyes, and applyed it for Deafnefs
and Pains in the Ears. It is good againft Agues,
and cleanfes the Breft and Lungs of Flegm, but
with fome little Offence to the Stomach. Snuf-
fed up the Noftrils, it purges the Head, Brain
and Eyes of cold, ftiarp, and fait Rheums
affliffing them, and is very good againft Catarrhs
which fait upon the Lungs. Bathed upon Warts
it is laid to take them away.

XIII. The Decol/ion in Water, or Mutton or Veal
Broth. It has all the Virtues of the Juice afore
declared , but much weaker, and therefore may
be given to 8 Ounces or mo're. If it is made
with Mysrh, and Pepper, it is good againft the
Strangury , and other Difeafes of the Reins and
Bladder. It purges alfo the Stomach and Bowels,
of grofs Flumors , but more weakly than the
Juice. And ufed as an Errhire, it purges the
Head, Brain, Eyes, Cfc.

XIV. The Ponder of the Seed. It may be
given to a Dram, or a Dram and a half, eithet
in the Decol/ion , or Diftilled Water, and lo it
helps the Yellow Jaundice. The Seed of both
Male and female, boiled in Water or Wine with
Wormwood, and the Decollion drank, is laid to cure
the Jaundice perfeflly, in a molt admirable man-
ner, and that in a very little time.

• XV. The Lotion. It is made of the Liquid
Juice mixt with Vinegar. Being applyed to
Scabs, Itch, Tettars, Ringworms, and other
like breakings out in the Skin, it cures
them.

XVI. The Cataplafm of the Leaves. Applyed
to Warts it takes them away, as alfo other
Defamations of the Cutis. Iq is Digeftive,’ being
applyed to Tumors or Swellings in any part
it is alfo Dilcuffive, (.where the Swelling will
not come to fuppuratioD) and will fpend the
Humor which is the caufe of the Tumor , and
allay the Inflamarion, by cooling and eafing the
Pain.

XVII. The C/yfter. It is made of the Liquid
Juice, and of the Decollion of the Leaves in
Mutton Broth , of each equal parts. Exhibitd

X x x x 2 warm.

Salmon/ Herbal. Lib. L

708

warm, it evacuates from the Belly all forts ot
cold, lharp, acid, Salt, or ochet evil Humors,
which are apt to offend the Bowels, and caufe
Belly aches, and other vehement and fick Pains $
and works as well in this manner, as if a fut-
ficient quantity of Sena had been infufed in
the Decpffion . But if to the Clyflcr , 4 Ounces of
brown Sugar be added, it will work lb much the
better, and the more powerfully.

XVIII. The Diftilkd Water of the Herb. It
has the Virtues ot both Juice and Decotlion , but
afts in a much, weaker manner. But if white
Sugar Candy is diffolved in it, it will make a good
Collyrium for weak, fore, and running Eyes. And
if a few Grains of Scammony in fine Pouder be
diffolved in it, and ufed as an Errhine , it will
notably purge the Head and Brain , of thick ,
grofs, clammy, fait, (harp, and acid Humors, and
therefore may be profitable againlt Colds, Catarrhs,
Apoplexies, Epileplies, Palfiesb Vertigo s, Me-
grims, Head-aches, Lethargies, and other like Dif-
eafes of thofe parts. If lweetned^ with . white
Sugar and taken to 6 or 8 Ounces in a Morning
faffing, it opens the Body and purges off grofs,
Vifcous , and Melancholy Humors : And Authors
lay, if it is mixt with Manna , and May Dew ,
taken off Rofe Bufhes (for which reafon Lome
Writers call it Rhodomanna) it will purge Choler
alfo.

CHAP. CCCCLXXXVIIL

Of MERCURY Herb Wild:

0 R,

DOGS - MERCURY.

I. rT"' H E Names. It is called in Greek ,
X Kuvia & K vycKf/nfin , Cynea & Cynocrambe -,
which is Canina Brajfica , but for what reafon is
hard to determine , for that it has no agreement
with, nor is any thing akin to Cabbage , ot Cole-
worts: it might properly enough have been called
Mercurialis Canina , ( propter ignobilitatem : ) but
fome Authors have rather called it Her curia/if
Sylveftris , as Cord us , Lonicerus , Th alius, Cf Tra-
gus: it is the Cynocrambe , Camerarij , Dodonxi ,
Euchfij , Lobelij , Matthioli: Mercurialis Canina

Column £, & Mercurialis Montana Bauhini , (thefe
two laft thinking Cynocrambe , to be wholly im-
proper : ) in Englijh , Wild Herb Mercury , and
Dogs-Mercury.

II. Tiie Kinds. The Principal of the Wild
forts of Herb Mercury, are thefe four following,
viz. I. Mercurialis Sylveftris vulgaris, Cyno-
crambe diUa aliquibus -, Mercurialis Montana tefti -
culati Bauhina -, Mercurialis Sylveftris vulgaris
Mas, The Common Male Wild Mercury. 2. Mer-
curials Sylveftris vulgaris Tormina, Mercurialis
Montana Spicata Bauhini , The Common Female
Wild Mercury. 3. Cynocrambe Legit ima Diofcori-

dis Bauhini-, Cynocrambe vera Belli-, Al fines facie
Riant a nova Column.?, The true Dogs-Mercury of
Bauhinus. 4. Mercurialis Sylveftris Jfliquofa ;
Rcrficaria filiquofa Camera/ij , Thalij , Lobeljj , Cf
Lugdunenfis -, Mercurialis Sylveftris altera Tragi ■,
Tit by malt/s Sylveftris l.oniceri milium Caprearum
Gefneri-, Impatiens Herba Dodonai Catenance
altera Ccefalpini, Ba If ami ta altera Columns Qjry
fea Lugduncnfis Balfamita lutca Bauhini, id Noli
nre tangere Bauhini, Camerarij , Gefneri, Lobe Hi
& Tabernemontani , Codded Wild Mercury, by
fome, Codded Arfmart , Quick-Seed, Impatience,
and Touch me not.

The Descriptions.

III. The firft, or Common Male Wild Mercury.
It has a manifold Root , full oj fmnll Fibres, which
run under Ground and in time mat thejnfelvcs very
much, not periflnng Annually as the former Mer-
curies do, but abiding the Winter, Jhoot forth new
Stalks and Branches every Tear, the old ones dying
away and Ferijhing. From this Root fpring up

WC & # e *0 f.ftp JCnh Wild , Gommon f

ffialt and email.

feveral Stalks, flenderer and lower th3n the Com-
mon Mercury, and with no Branches at all upon
them. This Male Kind is fet with two Leaves at
every Joint , fomeching greater than the Leaves of
the next following Female, more pointed and full
of Veins, and fomewhat harder alfo in handling,
of a darker green color, and lefler fnipt or dented
about the edges : at the Joints with the Leaves
come forth longer S calks than in the former, with
two hairy, round Seeds upon them, twice as
large as thole of the firft Common Male Trench
Mercury : the talfe hereof is Herby, and the fmell
fomething ftrong and heady.

IV. The

IV. T he Jecond , or Common Female Wild
Mercury. Its Root , Stalks, and manner of grow-
ing is much like the former : Its Leaves are Idler,
nor fo (harp pointed, have fewer Veins, and loiter
in feeling, and ftandihg upon longer foot Stalks.
From the Joints come forth fuch like long Stalks,
having long fpikes of green'd h Flowers, and which
arc longer than the Spikes of the former Common
tern, ile trench Mercury , with many lmall Threads
in them, which yield no more Seed than the
Spikes and Flowers of that other female Mercu-
ry does.

V. The third , or True Dogs Mercury of
Baufyinus. It bar a white , long, and fibrous Root ,
fp reading it felf round about in the Earth. The
riant it felf is render, lmall, and fappy, and
Springs up like unto the full Common french
Mercury , with a round, green, crefted Stalk,
about a Foot or more high, fet with many
Joints , and branching forth from every Joint *
from whence come forth, at the firft, two fmall
Leaves, and fomewhat round like unto Chick-weed ;
after which, fpring forth two others, from the fame
Joint, which are much larger and broader: and
from the fame place alfo come after wards fe-
veral other Leaves, fmaller than the firft two:
and this proportion it holds ; not at one Joint
alone, but at every Joint through out the whole
Plant, from rhe loweft Joint almoll of the Stalk
and Branches, up to the top. From whence
come forth three or four fmall, whitifh green
Flowers, with many Threads in the midft of
them, which turn into fmall, hard, round See l,
like unto thofe of the Common Male French
Mercury , but fomething lefter- which are green
at the firft, but of a blackifti afh color when
they are ripe.

VI. The fourth , or Codded Wild Mercury, Efc.
Its Root is blackifh and thready , perifhing every
year: which fends up a round Jointed Stalk, about
two Feet high fometimes, branching it felf, from
thence in many places, whereat continually grows
but one Leaf, upon a very {lender rough foot Stalk,
molt like unto thofe of the french Common Mer-
cury , but longer pointed, and fomething fmaller
at the Stalk ; not fo finely, but as it were grofly
indented about the edges, being thinner, lofter,
and of a blewifh green color. From every Joint
with the Leaf^ from the middle upwards, and at
the tops of the Branches alfo, comes forth one
long brown foot Stalk, as finall and fine almoft as
a Horfe flair , bearing one Flower thereon , -and
fometimes two or three, fomewhat dole toge-
ther, hanging downwards * and compofed of fix
Leaves apiece, fome thing like to thofe of Hollow
Root or Cavious fumitory , but greater; of a fair
Gold -yellow color, which are fometimes alfo as
Bauhinm fays, found of a paler color: two of
them which ftand like Wings at the fides, are
larger than the othef two which ftand under them,
which are fmall and round} the loweft is longer
than the other two fmall ones, and broad at the
end } the uppermoft ends in a (hort crooked Horn
or Heel, like a Spur, behind ; the bottom on the
infide is whiter than the reft, which have fome-
times red fpots in them. After thefe Flowers are
pail, fmall, long pointed Pods come up in their
places, which hang downwards, and are ftriped
as_ it were all the length of them, in which is con-
tained fmall, long, and fomewhat flat Seed of a
dusky color, which is very difficult to be ga-
thered, for that even before* it is through ripe, if
it be but very lightly handled, or but juft touched,
the Pods will break , and twine and twift them-
felves a little, as the Husk or Pods of fome certain

Ruffes will do, and the Seed will leap forth of
its own accord, with fuch a kind of violence, that it
is not to be caught ; yea for rhe moft parr, the very
making of rhe Branches by the wind, will caufe
the Podds to break open, dnd fired their Seed on
the Ground, where the ripeft may heft be gathered
or pickt up, if lookt after in Time. The tafteof this
Herb is poor and waterifh while green, as Co-
lumna fays, and much the lame when dried;
yet Lobel lays, it is Venomous; but whether
there be any danger in taking of it inwardly,
is uncertain , v\e knowing nothing of it by
experience, but what vulgar hear-fay has delivered
to us.

VII. The Places. The firft and fecond of thefe
are found growing Wild in leveral places in Kent
and el few here, but the Female Kind is more feldom
found than the Male : Gerard fays, he found it in
many places about Green-hithe , Swainfcombe Vil-
lage, Gravefend and Southf.ee t in Kent, alfo in
Hampfied Wood four Miles from London , and in all
the Villages thereabouts. The third is not found
Wild with us, as it is in Spain and Italy, but is on-
ly Nurfed up in Gardens. The laft grows in the
(hady Woods of France, Germany, and Italy ; it
has alfo been found by the (hady Woods fide of
the Mountains and Vallies in Wales , by one Mr.
George Bowles, but is alfo Nurft up in our Gar-
dens, for its rarity, where in fhadie places, it
grows and flourifhes very well.

VIII. The Times. The firft three Flower in the
Summer Months, as June, July and Augufr ;
all the Summer long fays Gerard, until extream
Froft comes and nips them. The fourth or laft
Flowers about the middle and end. of Auguft in
the Fields, but in our Gardens in June and July ,
and prefently after its Flowering it yields its Seed,
which cannot be gathered from the Plant, without
very much care.

IX. The Qualities , Specification , Preparations ,
and Virtues of the three firft of thefe, are faid to
be the lame with thole of the French Mercuiy in
the former Chapter, fo that we (hall fay no more
of them here.

X. As to the Codded Mercury, or Noli me tan-
gere, Authors fay it has a ftronger Purging Quality,
but it is by Vomit, and therefore it is thought that
Lomcerus and Tragus, did rank it among the 17-
thy males, giving it fuch a Name, as neareft par-
taking of their Natures and Qualities; and for
this reafon I fuppofe it may be that Lobel and
Pena, accounted it Deleterious or Deadly ; tho’ at
the fame time they fay, it wants not its praife, as
to its other Virtues : And Camerius in horto, lays
that t he Difiilled Water of the Herb , is ap-
plyed by lome, to places pained with the Gout
with good Succefs.

fcHAP.

\

yio Salmon ’s Herbal. Lib. I.

CHAP. CCCCLXXXlX.

Of MILK — WORT Common :

o 1?,

CROSS - FLOW E R.

TH E Names. It is culled in Greek,
YloMyt\a Tlcrv^aKov : in LaltnCy Tolygala ,
Tolygala recentiorum Lobelij •, Am ar ell a Gefneri
ties crucis : in Englifh, Milk-Wort and Crofs-
F lower.

II. The Kinds. There is i. The Land or Field
Milk-wort , of which in this Chapter. 2. The Sea
Milk-wort , of which in Chap. 490. following. 01
The Land or field fort, we (hall give you the five
Defcriptions en fuing, viz. 1. T oly gala major y Tolagy-
la vlgaris major Clufij , Our Common greater Milk’
wort. 2. Toly gal a minor , Toly gal a vulgaris minor Clu-
fij. Our Common fmaller Milk-wort. 3. Tolygala
ttepens Lobelij , (J aliorumy Creeping Milk-wort.
4. Toligala Monfpeliacay Tolygala foliis acutioribus
Bauhini , Onobrichis tertia purpurea Lugdunenfis
Bauhini , French Milkwvort. ?. Toly galx a finis
Bauhini , Cbamtemyrfine quor undam Lugdunenfis ,
Baltard Milk-wort.

The Defer if lions,

III. The fir ft y or Common Milk -wort. It has
a Root which is hard and Woody , with feveral f ibres
adjoining to it , endures all Winter, and abides

W S £9C » W 0 ft ? Greater.

long, brom this Root Spring forth five or fix
hard, (lender, and flexible Stalks, about a Foot or
more high} thick fee with lomewhat long and
narrow Leaves' like thole of Dyers-weed , or
fmall HyjJop'y the blowers grow at the tops, in
long Spikes, thick fet together, fomething like to
thole of fumitory , but huger, and of a fine diluted
reddilh purple color, and lhining withall* Gerard
lays, they are faihioned like a little Bird, with
iVings , Tail, and a Body eafie to be difeerned
by fuch as will cbferve the fame: which being paft
away, fmall, fiat Pouches lucceed, like thole of
Burfa Taftoris , but lefler , having ufiially two
Seeds in them, which are long, blackilh , and
hairy.

IV. The fecond , or Our Common fmaller
Milk- wort. This in its Root , Stalks , Leaves ,
f lowers , form and manner of Growings is like to
the former , yet fomewhat hard or Woody , and
not Jo many Stalks rijing up from the Root ,
which have a/Jo footer , and Jinaller Leaves on
them. Tire Flowers are alio alike, but fmaller,
and vary as much, or rather more in their

% <3 ~ W 0 <]i<T feffer ;

color-, being fome of a blewifii purple * others
purple and white, fome all white, others
reddil/i, or of a wan color, or^ over-worn
red, &c. There is alfo another fort hereof,
whofe lower Leaves which fpread on the
Ground , are many , and rounder than in any
of the former, bur thofe which grow on the
Stalks are long like the reft-, the Flowers of
which are only blew , without mixture or va-
riation.

V. The third , or Creeping Milk- wort. This
fmall Tlant hat a number of Stalks , full of
Branches , creeping , or lying and fpread mg on
the Ground , not above a jpan long , let thick by

couples

Pdlture Grounds. The other three in France
Germany, and feveral other places.

IX. The Times. They all Flower from the

beginning or middle of May, and continue
r lowering a Month or more, Gerard fays,
till Auguji , and perfeU their Seed not Ions
after °

X. The Qualities. They are all hot and dry
in the fecond Degree, highly Abfterfive, and
wirh all Cathartick. ’Tis more than probable,
that thefe Milk-worts , not any of them, can
be the Polygalon Dtofcorides , becaufe that , as
Dtofcorides lays, breeds Milk in Womens
Breads ; whereas thefe do rather the con-
trary, diminifh the lame, which is manifeft
from its Cathartick or Purging faculty, for as
much as all purging things are inimical to that
intention.

the Virtues.

XI. The Infufion in Wine. Gefner who calls
it Amarella , becaufe of its bitternefs, fays, that
a Handful hereof deeped all Night in Wine
and drank in the Morning fading, will purge
Choler effectually by Stool, without any dan-
ger ; and this he had made trval of Upon him-

couples with very fmall Leaves, like thofe of
Herman a or Rupturewort. The Flowers are of
a whirilh color, danding among the Leaves, at
the tops in wharles, encompafling the Stalk,
one above another.

VI. The fourth, or French Milk-wort. It hat
a Root which is much like the firft and fecond
Kinds , being fmall, long, and white, from whence
fpring up feveral upright Stalks , a foot or more
high, having feveral longer and narrower Leaves
on them , than thofe of the two fird forts,
and fet without order. ' The Flowers grow one
above another, in longer Spikes, than in the
fecond fmaller Kind, and not fully like them
hut of a reddilli color. The Seed which fol-
lows is fmall, and contained in long cornered
Husks.

VII. The fifth , or Badard Milk-wort. Its
Root eonfifts of fmall, long , and white Fibres.
This fmall Plant fpteads it felf much, with many
weak, Pender, round Stalks, upon the GroundJ
a fpan long or more, fet with feveral fmall
Leaves without order, in fafhion fomething like
unto Myrtle Leaves, but not fo much point-
ed. The Flowers are very Beautiful, dand-
ing in a fmall Spike, one above another
with Leaves among them, confiding of fix
Leaves apeice, of a fine bright fhining purple
color ; after which comes fmall Seed contained
in fmall Husks.

VIII. The Places. Gerard fays , that thefe
Plants or Milk-worts grow commonly in every
Wood, or Fertil Padure, and that he had found
them, where ever he had Travelled. The fird
grows alfo in Germany, and Aufiria, and parts
thereabouts. The fecond is more frequent with
us, and is found in Barren and Untilled places.
Heaths and the like , as well as in Fercil and

CHAP. CCCCXC.

Of MILK - WORT Seas

OR,

G L A U X.

1 T H £ Ir is called 1)1 Greek

M n /• r or y^. Which is

Milk:) m Latino, Glattx , from the Greek
Name, and nor a Glauco Colore as fome would
have it: and in Englijh, Sea Milk-wort and
Glaux, alfo Black Salt-wort.

II. The Kinds. Authors have feveral forts here-
of, but the following three are chief, viz i
Glaux Manttma Major, Glattx latiore folio
Thurtngiaca Bauhi/ii , rdraKnv P/inij • The
Greater Sea Milk-wort. 2. Glaux Maritima
Minor-, Glaux exigua Maritima Camerarij Do-
donxt Lfbe/tj, Lugdunenfts, Gf Tabermmontani ,
The Lefler Sea Milk-worr. 3. Glaux Maritima
Veneta Alpitto, Glaux in Maritimii, Dorychnio
£Wl Bauhino, The Venetian Sea
Milk-Wort of Alpmus : bur Bauhintts would
have this lad, to be of the Family of the
Trefoils or Lotus , becaufe they are in fome
things alike -, yet with Alpinus we think them
to be differing Plants, and that this comes as
near, or more nearly to the Glaux Diofcoridir
than any other,

the

1 2 Salmon s ‘Herbal . Lib. I.

The Dejcriplionr.

III. The firfi , or Greater Sea Milk-wort. It
hiU d fir dll Root which Jh'ool r forth down right
tctth Jeveral Bronchos or Anns , and fane fibres
adjoining to them: from this Root (hoots up
l'everal weak Stalks , which lpread themfelves
upon the Ground , and raife their _ Heads up-
wards , befet with leveral Lentil like Leaves,

* ? JC 9C = "W 0 91 <T Sin Gridttr.

yet a little larger, and of a grayifh green color
on the upper fide, and more grayifh underneath.
The Flowers are fet with the Leaves at the
Joints of a purple color ; after which come
ltnall Buttons, with Seed in them. The
Branches as they fpread and lean upon the
Ground take Root again, by which the Plant
very much increafes. Bold inns fays, that there
is a great Variety obferved in this Plant , it
fometiraes having much larger Leaves , and
fometimes Leaves much narrower.

IV. The feconi , or Leffer Sea Milk-wort.
Hits le(Jer fort , in its Roots , Stalks , Branches ,
Leaves, flowers , and manner of growing ,
differs little from the former, but in the fmall-
nej's of the Stalks and Leaves-, fome of the
Stalks creep on the Ground, fome Hand
upright, being tender, and fmall, and befet
with many little fiat Leaves, like Tribulm
Syivefiris, or Hermann, growing along the
Stalks by couples, between which grow the
fmall purple Flowers, which being paft, little
Bullets 01 Seed Veffels fiicceed ; and its Root
is fmall and Fibrous, taking hold of the
upper Face of the Earth, as well as running

Ml Ji 9C . <U> 0 ? Su fijf.r.

much down right, and by its Fibres fpread-
ing abroad it much encreafes. Baubinus fays,
that this leffet fort, has its Stalks thicker llored
with Leaves, titan the former greater fort,
efpecially upwards, the lower being fallen away,
leaving the Stalks bare as if they had great
Joints.

V. The third, or Venetian Sea Milk-wort
of Alpinus. The Root is long, fender , woody,
and divided into feveral Branches. From which
lpring up fout or five flender Stalks a Cubit or
mote high, let at equal diftances, with levetal
fomewhat long and narrow Leaves, green on
the upper fide , and haary white underneath ;
and at the Tops tour or 'five Flowers Handing
together as it were in an Umbel for form and
bignefs, being very like unto the Baftard Scor-
pion, like Foddbd Sena of Candia , but of a
whitifh blufh color, which ate fucceeded by
fmall, fhort round Podds, having fmall, round
Seed ’within them , tailing a little fweetifh.

VI. The Places. The fiiH grows in many

places in Germany , as alio in Scotland , from
which laft place Baulinas fays he had it ; but
with us in Gardens. The fecor.d grows very plen-
tifully in moift places and Salt Marjhes neat
the Sea, from whence it has been taken and
Planted in Gardens : and is found in many

places upon the Efex and Kentifi Shoies : Gerard
found it between Whit liable mi the Ifle oj Thu-
net in Kent, and by Gravcfeni in the fame
County; by Tilbuty ' Block-hoitfe in Efex, and
in the Iffe of Sbefpy going from Kings-Terry to
Sboreland-hotife. Bauhintts fays, that this lc-fler
lort is found growing near the Sea' and Salt
Lakes; but that the former greater Kind, is
found growing on Hills as well as near the
Sea. The third Kind grows as Alpirtus fays,
in the Salt Marfhes near to Qoiio , a City of
the Venetians.

VII. The

71?

Chap. 49 •• EngHjh Herbs.

VII. The 'limes. They Hower in May
and June , and the Seed is ripe in the
Months following, or towards the end of
Summer.

VIII. As to the Qualities , Specification , P/r-
parations , and Virtues of thefe Plants, Au-
thors have laid as good as nothing, at molt,
have been very fparing concerning rhe fame :
hut they have been generally eaten as a Boiled
Sallet, being boiled with Beef, Mutton, or Pork,
and then dreft up with Oil, or Butter, Pep-
per, Salt, and Vinegar: This Sallet has been
a common Food for Nurfes, becaufe it nor
only increafed , but alfo bred Milk in Nur-
fes Breads \ and tor which purpole it is now
lo dreft, and eaten at this Day.

chap, ccccxci.

Of M I L L E T.

I. 'T' H E Names. It is called in Arn-
_L _ bick , Hareomen , Geguers , and Gi-
avers: in Greek, Kiyxs&, UaeMn, j
Galen 'r. in Latine , Milium ( a Miliaria Sum-
mit derivatum ait Feftus: Adeline , as Varro
thinks; tut both Diofcoriies and Galen make
Adeline , to be Panicum ; alio Pafpilos Pf

Pa/pi/e : in Englijh, Millet.

II. The Kinds. Authors make three feve-
tal Species hereof, viz. r. Milium vulgar e al-
bum, Common white Millet. 2. Milium vul-
gare nigrum , Common black Millet. 3. Mi-
lium lndicum Mattbioli-, Milium Turcicum-,
Milium Sarafenicum Fuchjij ; Melica Dodo’-
7imi ; Sorgho , C Sorghum halorum Lobelij ;
Panicum lndicum Gefneri ; Panicum Dio/co-
ridis £5* P/inij Trago : Indian or Turkey

Millet.

"the Descriptions.

III. X be firjl, or Common white Millet.
It has a bujhy Root which fpreads M felf
round, in the Earth , and perijbes every Pear
after Seed times, as the Roots of other Grain
do. From this Root rife up feveral hard joint-
ed tali Stalks, full of a white Pith, yet loft,
arid a little Hairy or Downy on the outlide’
with long and large Reed like Leaves at
them, encompalling one another: at the tops
of the Stalks are a great number of whitifh
yellow long Spriggs like Feathers, bowing
down their Heads; fet all along with white
Seed , incloled in a whitifh Husk , which
being taken out, are of a Ihining pale, yel-
lowilh or whitilh color, fomerhing hard,
and a little larger than the Seed of ilea-
vunt.

Gcmman X $ f £ g f.

IV. The fecond , or Common black Mil-

let- . This, m i,s Roon > Stal Leaves,
Head, and manner of growing , differs very
little from the former : faving that it is

fomewhat lefs with us, and that the Juba or

Tuft is brownilh, and the whole Plume or

Head more loofe and large, the Seed or

Grain is alfo fomewhat bigger, and of a black-
ifh fhining color.

V. The third , or Indian, or Turky Millet.
The Root of this bufhes out more than the
others , and perifhes every Tear after Seeding
cis the others do. This Plant is in all its parts

7*4

Salmon’^ Herbal. Lib. I.

larger , or greater, and higher than the former,
riling to he tive or fix Feet in height, or
more. The Stalks are full of Joints with long
large Leaves at them. The Juba or Tuft (lands
upright * not boding down its Head. as. the
other, on which grows the Seed, which is. as
big , but not as flat as Lent ills •, fomething
round, either whitifh, yellow, red, or blackUh
colored, hard and (hining.

VI. T be Places. All thefe Grains came firft to
us out of the Faltern and Southern Countries, as
Turkey , Bar bury, Syria , the Eajl-lndies , Spain ,
Italy , &c. and now they grow plentifully through
all the Wejl-lndtes , and in moil of our Englifh
Plantations. They delight to grow in a light and
loofe Mould, provided it is fat and well watered,
for they foon empoverifh the Ground, and they
thrive heft in a moift and Rainy Seafon. They
grow as Columella fays, in great plenty in Campa-
nia in Italy.

VII. T be Times. They are to be Sown in April
or May, and not before, for they cannot endure
the Cold: and in the hotter or more Southern
Climates, the Grain will be ripe in Augujl or Sep-
tember.

VIII. The Qualities. The Grain is temperate
in refpeft to heat or coldnels, and is drying in the
fecond Degree. It has a tenuity of parts, Ab-
ft er five , Aftringent , Diuretick , and Antifebri-
tick.

IX. The Specification. It reftores in Confump-
tions and abates the heat of Fevers : Stops Fluxes
of the Bowels and of the Womb.

X. The Preparations. You may have here-
from, i. The Grain, and its Meal. 2. The parch-
ed Crain. 3. A De'cotfion or Syrup , called Sy-
rupus Ambrofij. 4. An Emplafler. 5. A Dijhlled
Water. 6. AJhes of the Stalks. 7. A Ponder of
the Flowers.

The Virtues.

XI. The Grain , and its A'leal. Made into
Bread or Cakes , or Puddings , and eaten, it reftores
in Confumptions , and Strengthens the Stomach
and Belly : Milk thickned with its Flower and
given daily. Hops Diarrheas and other Fluxes of
the Bowels: Broth made of choice Beef, and
thickned with the fine Flower hereof reftores
the Tone of the Stomach and Intrails admi-
rably.

XII. The parched Grain : eaten alone, it flops
Vomiting : being applyed in Linnen Bags as hot
as it can be endured, and applyed to the Stomach
and Belly, it gives eafe in the Belly*ach and
Cholick, and helps the Griping of the Guts,
Stitches, Pleurifies, and other Illnefles of like
Kind.

XIII. The Tec oil ion , or Syrup of Ambrofe-
Take Millet a Pound , Boil it in Water 2 Qiiarts ,
till it breaks , and then Jirain out by pr effing : to
4 or 'y Ounces hereof add White Port or Lisbon
Wine 2 Ounces : mix them. Let it be given to the
Patient as hot as it can be endured: it prevails
againft Fevers and Agues, chiefly Tertians-, is
Diuretick , and yet ltrongly provokes Sweating ,
and quenches Thirft, the Sick being well covered
down in a Bed ^ but it ought to be given in the
declination of the Fit.

XIV. The Emplafler. It is made of a mixture
of the Flower and Tar , to a jufl confiftence.
Being applyed to the Bitings of any Venemous

Berlt, it draws forth the Poyfon, and fecures the
Life of the Patient.

XV. The Dijhlled Water from the green Plant,
vohileft in Flower. Being taken to 4 or 6 Ounces at
a time , it is a lingular prelervative againft the
Stone, Sand, Gravel, and Tartarous Mucilage
in the Reins, Ureters, and Bladder.

XVI. The AJhes of the Stalks. Being drank,
or rather the Lixivium of them , they are good
againft Kernels under the Ears, and in the Throat,
and to abate Strumous or Scrophulous Swellings.
The AJhes mixed with an equal quant iy of the AJhes
of a red Sponge , and with an eighth part of Pepper in
fine Pouder , and made up with Wheal Pajle into a
Cake , and Baked under hot Embers , and eaten, two
or three Ounces at a time, is an excellent thing
againft the Kings Evil-, efpecially being taken in
the Wane of the Moon.

XVII. The Pouder of the Flowers. The red
Flowers in Pouder , given to a Dram in red
Stiptick Wine Cures rhe Reds in Women, fo alfo
the Pouder of the white Flowers given in the
fame Dofe and Vehicle Cures the Whites } and
they both of them, or either of them , cure all
forts of Fluxes of the Belly.

MILLEFOLLE, fee Yarrow, Chap.
MIL-MOUNTAIN , fee Flax Wild, Chap. 268.
MILT-WASTE, fee Spleen-Worr, Chap.

CHAP. CCCCXCII.
Of MINT Garden.

I. np H E Kamel. It is called in Arabic k ^
JL A ' aha n ah a -, in Greek t by the Ancient

Grecians , but by the latter Greeks ,

'H McfpQ- (from VuV, Suavis vel jucundus-, and
orujf, odor , fmell ) becaufe it has a fweet or
pleafing Scent : in Latine , Mentha : and in Eng -
lifh , Mint.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral principal

Kinds of this Plant, as 1. Mentha Hcrtenfis ,
Garden Mint, of which in this Chapter. 2.
Mentha Syhejlri* , Wild Mint, of which in
Chap. 493. 3. Mentha Aquatic a , Water Mint,
of which in Chap. 494. 4. Mentha Montana ,

Mountain Mint, or Calamint, of which we have
already Treated, Chap. 104. and io?. $. Mentha
Cat aria vel he Una, Cats Mint, or Nep, of which
we fhall tread (God willing) in the Chapter of
Kep, following.

III. The Species of the Garden Kind. Authors
have* given us many of the Garden Production,
but thefe following are chief, viz. 1. Mentha Ro-
man a Anguflijoho , five Cardiac a , Mentha Hor-
tenfis. Our Common Spear Mint, called alfo Heart
Mint. 2. Mentha fufea , Mentha rubra vulgaris.
Our Common Red Garden Mint. 3. Mentha Cruci-
ata, & rot undifolia altera Flore Spicato, Crofs Mint.
4. Mentha Crifpa , Balfamita Camerarij. Sifymbrium

hor ten-

Chap. 492. 'Englijb ‘Herb

7*5

hortenfe Matthioli , Mentha Crifpa verticillata
Baubini , Mentha vulguta Serpens ret undone folio,
Bulegij Flore Lobelij , BiwmMmt, or Orjnge Mint.
5. Mentha Crifpa Germanica Specwfa 3 Great
Curled Mint of Germany.

The Defcriptiorid,

•

IV. The firfi , . or Our Common Spear Mint.
Jt has a firingy Root , with many tibres adjoining,
f prcaiing far abroad under Ground , as all the rejl
do. From this Root fpring forth feveral round
Stalks, having longer and narrower Leases dented

on the edges fet thereon , than thofe of the
next fort, growing alfo fomething lower and
fmaller , of a pleafing green color. The Flowers
ftand in fpiked Heads , at the tops of the
Branches, being of a pale blufh color, the
fmell is ftrong but very pleafant and grateful to
the Senfe.

V. The feconi , or Our Common red Garden
Mint. The Root is much like the former and
fpreads like it, running and creeping under the
Ground , fo that when it has gotten place, it is dif-
ficult to be extirpated or rooted out. From this Root
rifes up feveral fquare brownilh Stalks, with
fomewhat long and round pointed Leaves , dent-
ed (as the former) about the edges, of a
dark green, and fometimes of a reddifh color.
Handing by couples at the Joints, and of a very
fweet and pleafing fmell. The Flowers are
reddifh , and ftand by Spaces about the tops of
the Stalks.

VI. The third , or Crofs Mint. This has a
Root very like the others alfo , which fends forth
fquare Stalks a little hoary, as are alfo the
Leaves, which are rougher , broader , and
rounder than the fecond Kind, which ftand on
all fides the Stalks, one againft another , two at
a joint, and then crofs againft them at the next
joint, fo that they Reprefent a Crofs, from whence

6 0 3 J SJf f ST f.

came the Narhe. The Flowers ftand in fpiky
Heads, of a purplilh color, fomewhat deeper than
the fitft.

VII. The fourth , or Bawm Mint , or Orange
Mint. This in its Root , Stalks , and manner of
growing, is much like the feconi Kind above de-
ferred, the chief difference between this and that

3 SI W SfC ->. 3f f ST T.

is,

7 1 6 Salmon’/

is, firlt in the Leaves , which are almoft as round
as thofe, but more rough or crumpled: then, in
the Flowers, which are of a pur plirfl color, Hand-
ing in Bundles about the tops, of the Stalks, and
laltly in the fmell thereof ; this being full as fvreet
as any of them , but fmellihg more like unto;
Baton/, or rather coming near to the fmell of an
Orange , for which realbn, Lome Ftopie gave it the
Name of Orange Mint.

VIII. The filth, .or Great Curled Mint ol Ger-
many. fi’ic excellent Plant creeps call its Roots ,
ns the other Mints do , from whence Spring forth
feveral high- Stalks', which /fried tbenifclves out
into Branches , with two Leaves at every Joint ,
fomething broad and large, but more deeply cut in
on the edges, and'asitwerecurled'or crumpled toge-
ther, more t Spec Lilly the lower Leaves; for thofe
which rife up with the Stalk, are not fo much
torn or cut in on the edges, but are a little deeper
dented than the former. The Flowers Hand rounder,
and in fomewhat larger fpiky Heads than others,
and are of a palepurplilh color. The fmell hereof is
fweet and pleafaif , but not fo quick or hot as
fome of the former Kinds.

IX. T be Places. All thefe Ibrts of Mints grow
in Gardens, in mod places throughout the King-
dom, and delight in the 'Sun, and in a rich and
fat Soil 5 yet will grow alfo in lhady Places.

X. The Times. They all Flower about the be-
ginning of Align] 1 for the moil part, but feldom
give any good Seed ; but make a recompence ano-
ther way, by the encreafe of the Root; which as
it lives all Winter, fo it continues long, and ad-
vances its -Stock fo plentifully, that being once
Planted in a Garden, it will be difficult to get rid
of it again, every fmall bit of it being left in the
Ground, Springing up afreth in a fmall time after.

XI. The Vitalities. Mint is hot and dry in the
third Degree; Aperitive, Abfterfive, Allringent,
Anodyn, Carminative, Digeftive, Difculirve, Diu-
retick, Cephalick, Neurotick, Stomatick, Cordial,
Sudorifick, Alexipharmick, and Spermatogenetick.

XII. The specification. It cures Vomiting, Green
Wounds, Punfbures of the Nerves and Tendons,
Convulfions, Palfie, Lethargy, provokes the Terms,
and facilitates the Birth, of Women in Labor,
helps the Headach, provokes Urine, and gives eafe
in the Stone, Gravel, Strangury, and other Difeafes
of the Reins and Bladder.

XIII. The Preparations. Tort may have there-
from , l. A Juice of the whole Plant, i. An
Effence of the fame. ;. A-Syrup. 4. A Deeoltion
or Infufion. A P under of the Leaves and
He itds when in blower. 6. A Decoded or Inflated
Oil. 7. An Ointment. 8. A Balfam. 9. A Cats-
pla/m. 10. A Difti/led Water from the whole
Plant when in flower. 11. A Spirit. 1;. An OH
Dift.il/ei, 17. A Balfam Cbymical. 14. A Spiri-
tuous TinUure. 15. An Acid Tmffure. 16. An
Oily Tincture. 17. A Saline TittOure. 18. IV-
teftates or Powers. 19. An Elixir. 20. A Salt
by Incineration. 21. A Mixture. 22. A Sawce
or Sa/let. 2j. Obfcrvaticns.

The Virtues.

XIV. The Liquid Juice. Dio/corides fays, that
if it is mixt with Vinegar and taken, it will
flop Bleeding; and I have found by Obfervati-
on that . fo taken it, will Hop Vomiting,
tho’ never fo extream; mixt with a Syrup of
Mint, and a few Grains c-f Long Pepper, it is
not only extreamly Stomachical , but alfo provokes
Venery or Bodily Lull exceedingly, and to

Herbal Libs L

kill long, round Worms in the Stomach and Guts.
Mixt with the Juice of Sower Yomgranats , it flops
the Hiccough, Vomiting, and Fainting, and allays
the heat and violence of Choler. Some Authors
fay that it flops the Courfes in Women : bur 1
have found by great Experience, that it on the
contrary powerfully provokes them, facilitates the
Birth, and brings away the A*fter- Birth, as alfo the
Dead C hild. Dole from an Ounce to 4 Ounces,
either alone, or mixt vyith a Glafs of Wine, or
with its proper Syrup : as an Errhine, it Purges
the Head.

_ XV. The E fence. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice, befits which, being Dulcified with its proper
Syrupy or mixt with a Glafs of Canary (from one
Ounce to three) it prevails againfl all cold and moift
Dilfempers of the Breft and Lungs, as Loathing,
Sicknefs at Heart, Pain of the Stomach, want
of Appetite, Indigeftion, Coughs, Colds, Rheums,
ihortnefs of Breath, difficulty of Breathing, Hoarf-
nels, Wheeling, &c. Bathed upon the Forehead
and Temples, it safes their Pains : and is good to
wafh the Heads of Young Children, to take away
all manner of breakings out thereon, as Scurff.
Morphew, Pimples, Sores, Scabs, (jc. Taken
with ;o or 4.C Drops of Our Stomach Tintture , or
with 2 or ? Drops the Chymeal Oil of Mint , it is
good againfl the Poyfon of Venomous Creatures.
Taken to 2 or 4 Ounces, it flops Bleeding atNofe,
and provokes V enery admirably : Dropt into the
Ears, it eafes their Pains.

XVI. The Syrup. It is Stomatick, and Pe£lo-
ral, good againfl Coughs, Colds, Hoarfnefs,
Wheezing, Atthma’s, and other Diftempers of the
Breft and Lungs. Dofe 2 or 3 Spoonfuls in a Glafs
of White Tort or Lisbon Wine Morning and
Night : fo taken it opens ObftruUions of the
Reins, Ureters, and Bladder, gives cafe in the
Strangury, and expels Sand, Gravel, Stones and
Tartarous Matter •, and is much more powerful for
thele Intentions, being taken mixt with an equal
part or more of the Juice or Effence.

XVII. The Deco ff ion or Infufion. They have
both of them the Virtues of the Liquid Juice ,
Effence and Syrupy and may be taken from 4 to 8
Ounces or more. Morning, Noon or Night,
fweetned with Syrup of Mint : the Infufion is
the Stronger of the two (becaufe by its Decoding
it loofes many of its Volatile parts) and it ought
to be made in fome Generous fort of Wine, as
White Port or Lisbon , in Alicant , Barcelona , or
Canary , &c.

XVI II. The Touder of the Leaves and Tie ads.
It is very Stomatick, and may be given from half
a Dram to a Dram. It flits up Lufl^ and taken
with Oxycrate it flops Vomiting of Blood. It is
good againfl Pain and Gnawing at the Stomach,
and provokes Appetite : taken after Eating , it
helps Digeftion, expels Wind, and is good for
fuch as are troubled with the Spleen.

XIX. The Decolled or Infohted Oil. It is good
againfl Pains and Aches in any part, proceeding
Irom Cold : and taken inwardly a Spoonful or two
at a time, it is good againfl Coughs, Colds,
Wheezings, Adfhma s, &c. arid-open all Obftrutti*
ons of the Lungs ^ and if give# in time is preva-
lent againfl Sritehes in the fide, Pleurifies, Cfc.

XX. The Ointment. It cures Wouhdsand Ulcers,
old and running Sores, and is good to Anoint any old
PainorAch in any parr of the Body : it is an Excel-
lent thing to Anoint with in the Hemorrhoids or
Piles, as alfo againfl Ficus in Ano : and put up the
Fundament (being melted) in a Cfyfter , it is good
againfl a Tcnafmusz and the Weaknels of the In-
tefUmtm Rdhinu

XXI. The

Chap* 49:

XXI. The hull Jam. It is a thing fingular for
Wounds and Ulcers, and not inferior to the Bar-
fajns made of any other Wound Herb, except only
Angelica , which I take (by my own Experince) to
be one of the greateft of all Vegetable Vulneraries t
I'his Balfam cures fimple Green Wounds at once
or twice dr effing-, and Contufed Wounds, it caufes
to Di gelt immediately, fuppurates Apoltem?, clean-]
fes, incarnates, drys and heals them in a very Jhdrt
time : It is profitable alfo againlt old running Sores
and Ulcers, it digelts and cleanfes them, and
Itrengthens the part, refills the Defiuxion of Hu-
mors , and induces their fpeedy healing : Injcfted
Icalding hot into Fiftula’s, it foftens rhe Calous,
and in time dilfolves ir, refills the fluxion, drys,
incarnates and heals them to admiration.

XXII. The Cataplafm. The green Herb beaten,

and made into a Cataplafm with Burly Blower, and
applyed to Tumors not yet brought to Suppurati-
on, difculfes them : it repreffes Milk in Womens
Brealls when Swoln therewith * and is good for
luch as have lwoln, great or flagging Brealls. If
Salt be added to ir, it is good againll the Bitings of
Mad Dogs, and of other Venomous Creatures.
Applyed to the-Fore-Head or Temples, it eafes the
Flead-ach. The Green Herb made into a Cataplafm
with Honey and white Bread, and applyed to blear-
ed Eyes, it is laid to Cure them. Made into 2
Cataplafm with the Pouders of Ani.feeds , Cara
ways , and Coriander feeds , and applyed to a
fimple Contufion, it Cures it; it alfo gives eafe in
the pains of the Joints, and the Gout. Applyed warm
to Kernels in the Throat and Neck, and recent
Tumors of the Kings Evil, it difculfes them. .Ap-
plyed to places uffefled with the Leprofie (mixt
with Vinegar ) itisfaid to Cure it, more efpecial-
ly if the Juice and Efface be alfo taken in-
wardly. \

XXIII. The Di ftilled fl7 'at er from the who 'e
T/ant when in Blower. It is an admirable Stopnatick,
and Hays Vomiting, having all the Virtues of the
Juice , EJJence , Syrup, and lnjufion , but is to be
taken in mdeh greater quantity , as from 4 to 8
Ounces fweetned with Syrup of Juice of Mint.

It caufes Milk in Womens Brealls, and hinders it
from curdling: and taken as aforefaid, it is good
againll the Strangury, Stone, and Gravel.

XXIV. The spirit. It is a lingular Stomatick
and Cordial, good againll Nafeoufnefs, Vomiting,
Indigeltion, want of Appetite, Fainting, Swooning’
Palpitation, and Sicknefs at Heart ; and is a moll
excellent thing to be given to Children againlt Con-
vulfion Fits, the Falling Sicknefs and other Diltem-
pers of the Head, Stomach, Heart, and other
Bowels. Dofe from 2 Drams to 4 to Elder Peo-
ple, mixt with Syrup of Mint , but from a Scruple
to a Dram, being given to Children.

XXV. The Di filled Oil. It is a powerful Me-
dicament againlt 'Stone, Gravel and Tartarous Mat-
ter in the Reins, Ureters and Bladder , gives pre-
fent eafe in the Strangury, Itrengthens the Stomach
to a Miracle, Hops Vomiting, caufes a good Appe-
tite and Digeltion, reftotes in Confurrtprions, Hops
Coughs, and Diftillations of Rheum , takes away
Hoarfnefs , Wheezings, and obftru&ions of the
Lungs, cures Althma’s, and is a potent thing
againlt Fainting and Swooning Fits, Palpitation,
and Sicknefs at Heart, Apoplexies, Convulsions’
Pallies, Lethargies, Carus, and other cold and’
moilt Difeafes of Head, Brain and Nerves: It cures
PunQures and other Wounds of the Nerves and
Tendons, gives eafe in the Gout, Sciatica, Cramps,
and other like Pains of the Mufcles and Johns. It
provokes the Terms in Women , facilitates the
Birth, brings away the After-Birth, and Dead

j Child, and is a potent thing againlt the Cholick
j Wpors and Hyftetick Fits; caufes F'ruitfulneft,
; powerfully provokes Lull, helps forward Con-
ception : and in a word , is one of the greateft
Vegetable Productions that ever Nature produced.
Dole from 3 to 12 or 20 Drops in any fie
vehicle. :

XXVI. The Chymical Balfam. This is a pecu-
liar thing, and is thus made, Take choice Oil of
Mace by txprcjjioh , 2 Ounces ; Balfam of Tern , and
of Tola , of each 1 Ounces Chymical Oil of Mint , 1
Ounce ; Melt and mix them well together in Balnea
or in a Sand heat , and keep it for ufe. It has all
the V irtues of the Chymical Oil beforegoing, belides
which it is ah excellent thing for the Lungs, as alfo
lor the Reins and Bladder, to provoke urine, eafe
the Strangury , expel Stone and Gravel, and to
heal Ulcers in the Reins and Bladder. If prudently
given, it is an excellent thing againlt a Virulent Go-
norrhoea. Dofe from a Scruple to half a Dram;
in any proper Vehicle Morning and Night.

XXVII. The Spirituous Tindure. It Hops Vo*
miring, eafes the Pain of the Stomach upon the
fpor, and cures the Cholick, after a fingular manner.
It lias all the Virtues of the Juice , EJJence , Jnju-
fion, and Chymical Oil ; being a moll admirable Cor-
dial, and prevails againll Convulfions upon the Ipot.
Dofe from 1 Dram to 2 or 3, mixt with a Spoon-
ful or two of the Syrup.

XXVIII. The Acid Tindure. It is more Stoma-
tick than the former , Hops Vomiting , creates a
good Appetite and a llrong Digeftion. It is a
potent thing againll the Plague, or Peftilfence, Spot-
ted and Purple or Scarlet Fever, and againll alt
forts of Burning and Malign Fevers whatfoever,
taking away the Fever in lefs than an Hours time.

may be thus ufed. Take Mint Water a Qiiart^
of this Acid 1 mllurc almoft an Ounce , Double Re-
fined Sugar , enough to make it very p leaf ant and
drinkable ; and of this the Sick may drink at
pleafure.

XXIX. The Oily Tindure. It is profitable
againlt. the Stone, Grave], and Tartarous Matter in
the Reins and Bladder, provokes Urine, and gives
eaie in the Strangury and Anointed along upon
the Spina Dorfi , and other parts affefted with the
Palfie, it cures it. It facilitates the Birth, pro-
vokes the Terms, and brings away the After-Birth,
and Dead Child. Dole from io Drops to 20 or
3°, in ibme convenient Vehicle.

XXX. The Saline Tintture. It has the Vertus
of the Juice , EJJence, TecoWion, and Oily TinHure,
m ^ll refpefts, but not fo Stomatick, by realon of
the Menftruum with which it is Drawn. Dofe
from 20 to 6c Drops, or more, in Parjly Water ,
or in white Lisbon, or in Canary, or Canary mixt
with Parjly Water. Outwardly it is good againlt
Scurf, Morphew, Itch, Scabs, and other Defeda-
tions of the Skin.

XXXI. The Potejlates or Powers. They have all
the Virtues of the Juice, EJJence , Decollion , Spirit,
and Chymical Oil in perfeUron, and may be given
from 40 to 80 Drops, yea to an too, in a Glafs of
Wine 2 or 3 times a Day.

XXXII. The E/ixiri It has all the Virtues of
Juice, EJJence , hndure , Spirit, Chymical Oil and
Powers, with this preference, that it is more Excel-
lent than the lalt, and operates in lomewhat a lefs
Dofe being one of the greateft Stomaticks in the
\ Dtofe 30 to 60 Dfops in a. Glafs of
White Lisbon ox Canary , or other fit Vehicle, as the
rhyhtian (hall advile, and as oft as need lhall re-
quire.

XXXIII. The Salt by Incineration. It admirably
Itrengthens the Stomach and other Bowels, by

ablprbing

7’8

Salmon s Herbal.

Lib. I.

ablorbing the preternatural Acid winch a fillets them :
is good agiinlt Surfeits^ Gluttony and Drunkennefs,
and gives eale iii the Strangutv. cleaning thfe Reins,
Ureters, and Bladder of Scones, Gravel, Sand, or
Tartarous Mucilage, which may any ways obftruft
them. Dole From ic Grains to 20 or ?o in a Glals
of Par fly Water. It carries oft' the Recrements ot
the Blood and Humors, and the caufes or many
Dil cafes by Urine, for which reafon ic is of extra
ordinary Ufe in Fevers.

XXXI V'. The Mixture. Take Powers or Elixir
of Mint 6 Drains -, Powers of doves ? Drams •,
Powers of Angelica 2 Draws-, At id 'find u re oj
Car awaits r Draw-, mix them. Dole fiom 60 tc
80 Drops in any proper Vehicle again!! theCholick
obftru&ions of the Terms in Women, Hylterick
Fits, Vomiting, and weak-nefs of the Stomach. It
is profitable alfo againft ConvuUions, Fainting and
Swooning Fits, Sicknefs at Heart, and a Ccfnlump-
tive habit of Body.

XXXV. The Sauce cr Ballet. It is made of the
green Herb fhred Imall, and made grateful with the
belt White Wine Vinegar, a little Salt, and a fuffi-
eienc quantity of double Refined Sugar. It is
acute and grateful to the Stomach, caufes an
Appetite, and is ufed as Sauce for Lamb, when
in Seafon, and Lome other Meats.

XXXVI. Obfervations. In ancient times , the
ule of Mint was forbidden to Soldiers, not tor any
hurt it did them, but becaufe, it did too much in-
cite to Venery, and thereby took away, or abated
their Courage and Valor. It is alfo farther obfer-
ved, that a Lotion made of the Juice , Effence , or
Decothon , by mixing with them a little of the
Acid Tmilure, and honey of Rofes , that it cures
the Scurvy in the Gums and a Sore Mouth and
Throat. And a Gargarifrn made with the Effence ,
Juice, DccoQion, Powers or Elixir , by mixing
with either of them, the Spirituous or Acid Tintture
of Coriander Seed and Rue, or by infufing thofe two
things in them , is an admirable remedy againft a
Stinking Breath, by gargling the Mouth and
Throat therewith , and alfo oftentimes holding ic
in the Mouth : and it caufes the Uvula or Palate
of the Mouth when down , to return to its place
and ftrength again. And an Errhine made with
the Juice or Effence, two parts mixt with the Di-
fhlled Water one pa/t, and the Acid Tintlurc half a
part, is an Excellent thing againft the Megrim,
Head-ach, Vertigo, Lethargy, Vc. by purging the
Head of cold grofs Flumors. Being Snuffed up the
Noftrils, and held in the Mouth, ic is good againft
a Stinking Breath , which proceeds from iotten or
corrupted Teeth.

Merit ajl rum : ill Enghfh , Wild. Mint and Horfe
Mmt.

II. The Kinds. There are {event forts of this
Wild Mint, as, 1. Mem ajl rum HoAte/fe, Mentha
Sy/vejlns Hortcnfis, Sijymbna Mentha agrcjhs Lo-
be!/) , Our Garden or Manured Wild-Mint. 2.
Mentajlrum niveum Angliam, Our white or party
colored Wild Mint, or Horfe Mint. 3. Alen-
t ajl rum folio Long 10/ e -, Merit ajl rum aliud Lobelij *
Me/It ajl rum Carnpenfe l.ugdune/is- Sifymbrium Syl-
vejh e Maithio/i, Long Leav’d Wild Mint, or Horfe
Mint. 4. Mentajlrum Monlanum • Merit aflr urn
Pannonicum Clufij , Mountain or Hungarian Wild
or Horfe Mint. >. Mentajlrum 'Luberofum Clufij %
Mentajlrum Radice Tuberofa-, Tuberofe or Knob-
bed Wild or. Horfe Mint. 6. Mentha gc mcul at a
Radice , Wild or Horfe Mint with Kneed or
Jointed Roots. 7. Mentajlrum hr r fit urn -, Aleut a-
jlrum minus Spiral urn Lit gd tine. nfis • Alcntajlrum
aliud hi r jut uni Came ran) t, Me n I ajl ri folia aqua tic a
hirftta , U Ca/aminlha tertia Diofcoridk Lobelia ,
Mentha pa! u jlris folio oblongo Bauhini, Hairy Wild
or Horfe Minr. 8. Mentajlrum rot undifolium
minus, U Mentha rotundifolia Pa/ujlris Minor
Bauhini , Small ronnd Leav’d Wild or Horfe
Minr.

chap: ccccxciii.

Of MINT Wild }

O R ,

Horfe MINT.

1. f~r^HE Names. It is called in Greek, 'HJW-
X fwf ayer©-, x) (AvQ w xj a be**-’

in Latine, Mintha Sylvefiris, Mintha agreflis ,

’The Defcriptions .

111. The firft , or Out Garden or Manured
Wild Mint. Its Root is creeping , and much like
to that of the Garden Kind. From whence fpring
up fquare Stalks, which are hoary and a little hairy
alfo, on which -grow larger and rounder Leaves than
thofe of the Garden Kind, of an hoary white
color , and covered as it were with down. The
Flowers ftand at the tops of the Branches in fpiked
Heads of a pale pufplilh color, the fmell of which
is heady and ftronger than thofe of the Garden
Kind.

IVilcl MINT.

Chap. ^9 3* 'EngHfb Herbs, jiq

IV. The fccond , or Our white or party colored
Wild Mint. This Is much left, and better fmelling
than the fanner: Its Leaves are partly green and
partly Milk white-, and fometimes its Leaves are
Tome of them wholly white : but more commonly
all green: the Roots, Stalks, Flow'ersand other parts,
are like thole of the former but lefler. This is
alfo Nurft up, and found growing in many of our
Englifh Gardens. It is the Mentafirurtt alter tan
Dodon&i.

V. The third, or Long Leav’d Wild Mint, or
Tlorfe Mint. This has fquare brownijh Stalks , and
fomewhat broad, but longer Leaves growing on them
than the Idft, nothing at all hoary , but rather
of a dull green color. The Flowers Hand at the
tops of the Branches, in rounder Tufts, of a
pale purplifli color: and the fmell of the Leaves
and Branches, is fomething more pleafant than
the other.

VI. The fourth, or Mountain or Hungarian
Wild or Horfe Mint. It has a pretty bard,
thick , long Root , with many fibres fpring-
ing forth from it , more like to Nep than
Mint. From which fpring up feveral fquare
Stalks, on which grow by couples at every
Joint, fomewhat large Leaves, like as on the
others, which are more green than the laft,
and dented alfo about the edges. The Flowers
ate whiter than the former. Handing about the
Stalks, at feveral fpaces, and ending in fmall
long Spikes. The whole Plant much refem-
bling Common Spear Mint , and is of a hot and
fharp tafte, fmelling very like to the other Wild
Mints.

VII. The fifth, or Tuberous or Knobbed
Wild or Horfe Mint. Its Root is fomething
reddijh within, and brownijh on the out fide,
having feveral tuberous Heads joined thereto ,
which being feparated will grow into Plants.
From this Root fpring up fquare hairy green
Stalks, full of Joints, with two Leaves fet
at every Joint, which are long and rough,
dented about the edges, fomewhat hoary, of
a whitifh green color, and of a ftrong fmell.
The tops of the Branches do end in Spikes of
hoary Leaves, among which, at certain di-
ftances , the Flowers Hand , with two Leaves
at a fpace of, a whitifh color : after which fol-
lows (mail black Seed.

VIII. Ti?e fixth , or Wild or Horfe Mint
with Jointed or Kneed Roots. Its Root is
fomething thick, and fet with Joints or Knees ,
at certain fpaces, J hooting forth fibres at the
fame. The Stalk rifes not above a Foot high,
being fomething hard, rough, and fquare, on
which grow at the Joints , two long dark
green Leaves , being foft in handling , but a
little wrinkled and dented about ■ the edges.
The Flowers Hand at the tops of the Branch-
es in fhort Tufts or Spikes, like unto Nep,
of a pale purplifli color * after which come
fmall, round, lweet fmelling Seed, like in feent
to the whole Plant.

IX. The feventh, or Hairy Wild or Horfe
Mint. This has fquare hairy Stalks, fpread
forth into many Branches , higher and greater
than the Common fort of Wild Mint-, on
which __ grow hairy long Leaves at the Joints
thereof , and many purplifli Flowers at their
feveral tops.

X. The eighth , or fmall round Leav’d Wild
or Horfe Mint. The Stalk is fquare, hairy,
and reddijh , much about a hoot high , having
two Leaves at a Joint, fomewhat long and round,
foft , hairy , and dented about the edges , of

a fad green on the upper fide, and hoary un-
derneath-, from the Joints fpring forth fome
Branches, fet with the like Leaves, and round
Heads of Flowers at the tops, of a purplifh
color-, the fmell of the Plant is heady, and of
a ftrong fweetnefs.

XI. The Places. Thefe are all of them Wild
by Nature, _ and grow in moiff and watery
Places, as in Medows near unto Ditches which
have Water in them, and in Grounds many
times overflowed with Water, as in Fenny
Grounds, &c. but the two firft are Nurft up in
our Gardens, and fo are alfo the others in many
Places.

XII. The Times. Thefe Flower When the

Garden Minis do, viz. about the latter end
°f. or. beginning of Auguft and

lpnng up again the next year from their
old Roots, by which they alfo very much en«
creafe.

XIII. The Qualities , Specification, Preparations ,
and Virtues are exactly the fame (If not more
Powerful) with thofe of the Garden Kinds de-
clared in the former Chapter , to which I refer
you.

chap, ccccxciv.

*

Of MINT Water.

I- 'T' H E Nabes. It is called in Greek ,
_L Sunl/sCem: in Latine, Sifymbrium , Mentha
aquatica : and in Englifh , Water Mint.

II. The Kinds. Of this there are two forts,
viz. i. Mentha aquatica rubra , Sifymbrium
majus- Sfymbna Mentha hobelij : Beyond-Sea
Apothecaries call it as Tragi* fays, Baljami-
na , as alio Halfamita , as Befler in horto
Eyfletenji lays , Aquatica five Sifymbra Mentha
folio rubro Lobelii , Sifymbrium agrefte aquaticum
Gefrieri ; Sifymbrium Sy/veftre Tugiunenfis ,
Red Water Mint , ot Water Mint the Greater.
2. Mentha Aquatica five palujlris minor $ Men-
tha rotundifolia pdluftris minor Bauhini , Sifym-
brium minus , The teller Water Mint.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firfi , or Red Water Mint, ft
has a creeping Root , running and fpreaiing
in . Muddy and Watery Places ; From whence
fpring forth many lquare brownilh Stalks
Branched forth almoii from every Joint , with a
Couple of fomewhat broad, but pointed and den-
ted Leaves, of a brownilh or reddilh color , and
of a ftrong fweet Mint like fmell. The
Flowers are fmall and of a purplifh co-
lor , Handing at the tops of the Stalks
ot Branches, in loofe round Tufts, one
above another.

IV. The

720

Salmon’./ ‘Herbal . Lib. I.

w $ 5v‘ T V*ttr rJ

IV. Tlte Jecond , or Lefier Water Mint. It
has a Root like the former , which fends forth
a fqunre rcdciijh hairy Stalk , and fometimes a
little he ary, oj about a Root .in height 5 on which
grow foft, hairy, round and fomewhat long
Leaves, two always at a Joint , dented about the
edges, on the upper fide of a dark green color,
and grayilh or hoary underneath. From the Joints
with the Leaves come forth long Branched Stalks,
with purplilh Flowers at their tops, Handing in
round Fleads. The whole Plant is of a ltrong
fweet Mint like fmell.

V. The Places. They both grow by Ditches
and Water fides, and in wet and plalhy places,
as alfo in Fen Grounds , where they very much
delight.

VI. The Times. They Flower late in the Sum-
mer. vie. about the beginning of Auguft.

VII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations ,
and Virtues, are the lame with rhofe of Our Gar-
den Mint, declared in Chap. 492. And probably
may exceed them in many refpects.

CHAP. CCCCXCV.

Of M O L Y:

0 R ,

ON IO N *• C A R L I CK.

1. /T' H E Names. It is called in Greek,
1 m»au£4 Pfellio , vel /<* hipp. i. e.
Allium habeas caput fimplex , neque in nuole-

ns diviftm, as Galen Interprets it. Or Mum PH mi,
tto.p-1. 7. f/.u/Mytiv tens, h mitigandis fedartfifijue
mains: vel a i. e. dj>Ait(a , quod Ventfi-

aa de/rat : in Taunt- , Maly, Allium Cepeum in
English, Maly, Onion Gar lick , and Soccrers Ga/-

II. The Kin 's. There are many forts of this
Plant, as, 1. A\o!y Theophrafii, vel Maly Homer 1-
eum , Theophraltus or Homers great Moly. 2.
Moly Indie urn LoLclij, Clufij, al'ior unique, can cajon ‘

1 he Indian Moly. ? . Aluly AAoni anuvi Pannonicum
bulbijerum pnmum , The fhfi bulbed Hungarian
Moly. a. Moly Montanum bu Infer urn featndum ,
The fecoud bulbed Hungarian Molv. 5. Moly
Scrpcntinum, Serpents Moly. 6. Ally Cattle &
J bli is t/iangulanbus , The Cornered Moly. 7.
Moly fo// is Nat a finis. Daffodil Leav’d Moly. b
Alaly Montanum latijolium Wore Luteo , Yellow
broad Leav’d Molv. 9. Moly Pyrcnstum pur pure urn ,
Purple Mountain Moly. 10. Moly Montanum lati-
jolium pur pur cion hfpamcum. Purple broad Leav’d
Spanilh Moly. x 1 . Aijly pttrpureum Neapohta-
num , Purple Naples Molv. 12. Moly Pyxidatum
argentcum Ilf panic um , Silver Cupp’d Spanilh
Moly. 1 Moly Serotinum conifer um , The late
ripe Pine Apple Moly. 14. Moly Diofcorideum ,
Diofcorides his Moly. 19. Moly Diofcorideum
Hifpanicum, Spanilh Moly of Diofcorides. 16. Moly
Mufchatimim , Moly Zibet tinum Monfpehenfe ,
Sweet fmelling Moly of Mompelier. 17. Moly
Pannonicum latifolium Primum Clufij, The firft
broad Leav’d Hungarian Moly of Clufms. 18.
Moly Pannonicum Wore odor ate , Sweet fmelling
Hungarian Moly. 19. Moly Montanum Capite
rot undo pur pur eo. Purple round Headed Mountain
Moly. 20. Moly Africum umbel l a purpurafeente ,
Purplilh Headed African Moly. 21. Moly Italicum
album Caule Triangulo, Italian white Moly with
a triangular Stalk.

The Defcriptions.

Ill The firfi, or Theophraftus and Homer’s
great Moly. Its Root grows very great, fometimes
greater than any Mans Rift doubled or clofed, which
is one great Bulb, and not divided into Cloves as
Garlick is, but Jmells (hong like Garlick, being
whitijh on the out fide, and green at the top, if it
be but a while bare f om the Earth about it. It
rifes up molt commonly with two, but fometimes
with three grear, thick, long, and hollow guttered
Leaves, of a whitilh green color, very near to the
color of a Tulip Leaf: having fometimes at the
end of fome of the Leaves, and fometimes a part
by it fell', a fmall whitilh round Button, like unto
a fmall Bulb, the like of which alfo, but greater,
does grow between the bottom of the Leaves and
the Stalk, near the Ground, which being planted
when ic is rips, wilL grow .into a Root of the
fame Kind. Among tnefe Leaves rife up a round,
ltrong, and tall Stalk, a Yard or more high, bare
or naked unto the top, where it bears a great Tuft
or Umble of pale, purplilh Flowers, all of them
almolt, Handing upon equal foot Stalks, or not one
much higher than another, confiHing of five Leaves
apiece, ltriped down the Back with a fmall pale
Line, having a round Umbone or Head with fome
Threads about it in the middefi. Theft Flowers
abide a great while blown, before they fade, but
fmell not ltrong like thofe of Onions or Garlick ,
but have a faint feent. When they are paH, the
Seed comes, which is black, and enclofed in white
clofe Husks.

IV. The

Chap, 495. ‘Englifl) Herbs .

IV. The fecond , or Indian Moly. JVr Ite «
white and great , covered faith a dark Coat or Skin ,
Ivhicb encreafes but little under Ground. Ic has
fitch like Leaves as the former, but. fhorter and
broader. In the middle' of- which riles up a fhort
weak Stalk alnloit hat, not having any Flowers
upon ir, but a Chiller or Head of greenifh, fcaly
Bulbs, inclofed at the firft in a large thin Skin,
which being open, every Bulb lhews ic felf, Hand-
ing clofe one unto another upon its foot Stalk, of
the bignefsof an Acorn , which being planted will
be a Plant of the fame Kind : but befides that
Head, it bears final 1 Bulbs- above the Ground, at
the bottom of the Leaves, next the Stalk, like un-
to the former.

V. The third , or Firlt Bulbed Hungarian Moly.
Its Root is not great, but white on the out fide , very
like unto the Root of Serpents Moly, defcribcciat
Seff. VII. following , increafmg much under Ground,
and fuelling frong. It has three or four broad and
long, green Leaves, folded together at the firft,
which after Open themfelves, and are carried up
with the Stalk, Handing thereon, one above another,
which is not above a Foot high. At the top of
which does grow a few fad reddifh Bulbs, and be-
tween them long foot Stalks, bearing Flowers of a
pale purplifh color. After which Flowers, black
Seed enfue enclofed in roundifh Heads.

VI. The fourth , or Second Bulbed Hungarian
Moly. Its Root is like the former , and covered
with a blackifh purple Coat or Skin. It has narrow-
er green Leaves than the former : the Stalk is about
the fame height, at the top a great Clufter of fmall
green Bulbs , which after turn of a darker color :
from among which come forth long foot Stalks, on
which grow purplifh Flowers.

VII. The fifth , or Serpents Moly. Its Root is
fmall \ round , and whitijh , encreafing into a number
of fmall Roots , no bigger than Peafe, round about
the greater Root. This Plant is of tl^e Species of
the Bulbed Molys , but of greater Beauty and De-
light ^ becaufe the Bulbs on the Heads of the fmall
Stalks, are redder, and more pleafant to behold.
The Stalk is lower, and its graftie winding Leaves,
which twine themfelves like Serpents ( whence
came its Name) are fmaller, and of a whiter green
color. It beats among its Bulbs purplifli Flowers
alfo, but more Beautiful, whofe fmell is nothing
fo flrong as fome others.

VIII. The fixth , or Three cornered Moly. Its
Root is white on the out fide , and very like the yel-
low Moly. It has four or five long, and fomething
broad, pale, green Leaves, Hat on the upper fide,
and with a ridge down the back of the Leaf, which
makes it feem three fquafe or cornered. The Stalk
rifes up a Foot and half high or better, and is tri-
angular or three cornered alfo, bearing at the top,
out of a fhining Husk, feveral white Flowers fome-
thing large and longe, almoft Bell fafhion, with
ftripes of green down the middle of every Leaf
and a few Chives tipt with yellow in the middle
about the Head ; wherein , when it is tipe , is
enclofed fmall black Seed. Both Root, Leaf,
and Flower have a Gar lick frtiell, but not very
Hrong.

IX. The f eve nth , or Daffodil Leav’d Moly. Its
Root is fometimes knobbed , but more often bulbed ,
having in the Knobs fome marks of the old Stalks
to be feen in them , and of a Garlick fmell , by which
the Riant may be known. It hqs many long, nar-
row, and Hat, green Leaves, very like unto the
Leaves of a Daffodil (from whence came its Name)
or rather of the early greater Leucoium Bulbofum ,
or Bulbed Violet. From among which rife up two
or three Stalks fometimes, each of them about

721

a Foot and half high, bearing each at top (as all
the Molys do) a number of fmall, purplifh Flowers,
enclofed in a (hilling Husk, which abide not long,
but quickly fade ; after which comes black Seed,
like as in the others.

X. The eighth , or Yellow broad Leav’d Moly.
Its Root is whit iff, two for the mo ft part joined,
together , which quickly encreafes and f melts with a
ft rang Garlick like feent , at both Blowers and heaves
alfo do. It has but one long, and broad Leaf, when
it bears no Flowers *, but when it bears Flowers, it
has two long, broad Leaves, yet one always longer,
and broader than the other, which are both of the
fame color, and near of the bignefs of a Tulip
Leaf. Between thole Leaves grows a (lender Stalk,
bearing at the top a Tuft or Umble of yellow
Flowers out of a skinny Husk, which parts three
ways, made of fix Leaves apiece, laid open like a
Star, with a greenifii back, .or out fide, and with
fome yellow Threads ih the middle, after which
follows black Seed, like as in the others.

XL The ninth , or Purple Mountain Moly. It
has a Root which is whitijh , of a flrong Garlick
fmell, but quickly periffes with the extremity of
our cold Winters, which it will not endure without
defence. It has two or three Leaves, a little like
the former Yellow Moly, but not fo broad, nor fo
white. The Stalk ha§ not fo many Flowers
thereon , but more fparingly , and of dull purple
color.

XII. The tenth , or Purple, broad Leav’d Spanifli
Moly. Its Root is fmall,- and bulbous or round,
with many fibres adjoining, from which other fmall
Bulbs ffoot. Ic has two broad, and very long,
green Leaves, like unto the Yellow Moly, at Sell.
X. above $ but in this they encompafs one another
at their bottoms j between which rifes up a flrong
round Stalk, two Feet or more high , bearing at
the top out of a thin Husk , a great many fair ,
large Flowers, upon long foot Stalks, confiding of
fix Leaves apiece , fpread open like a Star, of a
fine diluted purple or blu(h color , with feveral
Threads of the fame color, tipt with yellow. Hand-
ing about the middle Head : between the Stalk and
the bottom of the Leaves, fome fmall Bulbs grow,
which being planted, will foon Fpring and encreafe.
Neither the Root, Leaf, nor Flower, have any
Garlick like fmell in them.

XIII. The eleventh, or Purple Naples Moly.
Its Root is white , round , and bulbous , quickly
encreafing at the other Molys do-, and has a
more Garlick like fmell than the other parts of
the Riant. It has three or four fmall green
Leaves, growing upon the Stalk , after its fpring-
ing up, which bears a round Head of fine pur-
ple Flowers, made of fix Leaves apiece, but fo
clofing together at the edge, that they feem like
unto fmall Cups, never laying themfelves open as
the others do.

XIV. The twelfth, or Silver Cup’d Spanifh
Moly. Its Root is fmall and round, white , and
in a manner iranf parent, at lea ft fo ffining as if
it were fo -, and increafes nothing fo much as many
of the other forts. It has two or three very long
Rufh like Leaves, which rife up with the Stalk, or
rather dye away when the Stalk is- rifen up, to be
about three Feet or more high, bearing a great Head
of Flowers, Handing dole at the firft, but after-
wards fpreading much one from another, every
Flower Handing upon a long foot Stalk, being of
a white Silver color, with flripes or lines on every
fide, and (haped fmall and hollow like a Box or
Cup. The Seed has icarcely been obferved with us,
becaufe it Flowers fo late, that the Winter hinders
it for the mofl parr . from coming to perfe&iotf.

Z z z 2 Thi?

722 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

This Plane has no ill fmell at all, but rather plea-
fant, and not to be refufed.

XV. The thirteenth , or Late ripe Line Apple
Moly. Its Root is fmall and round , and Jhining
Tike the lajl •, and very tender , not being able to en-
dure our cold Winters, which commonly caufes it to
ferijh. It rifes up with one long green Leaf, hob
low and round unto the end, towards which, on the
one fide, breaks out a Head of Flowers, enclofed in
a thin skin, Which after it has fo flood for a good
while, (the Leaf in the mean time rifing higher ,
and growing harder, becomes the Stalk) breaks, and
Ihews a great Head, or Bufli of Buds for Flowers,
which are thick thruft or crouded together, fhaped
very like to the form of a Pine Apple (from
whence came the Name) of the bignefs of a Wall-
. Nut . After this Head has flood in this manner a
Month , or thereabouts, the Flowers fho v them-
felves, which are of a fine diluted or whitifh pur-
ple color, with feveral flripes in every one of them,
and of the fame Cup fafhion with the former, but
not opening fo plainly , fo that they can’t be
difeerned to be open, without good obfervation.
It Flowers fo late in Autumn , that the early Frofts
do quickly fpoil its Beauty, and foon caufe it to
rot.

XVI. The fourteenth , or Diofcorides his Moly.
The Root of this Small Moly, is trarif parent with-
in, and covered with a thick yellow Skin , of the
largenefs of a Hafle-Nut , or fome what bigger ,

MOLY.

which fends forth three or four long, narrow, grafiy
Leaves which are Hollow, and a little bending
downwards, of a whitifh green color ^ among which
rife up a {lender weak Stalk a Foot and half high,
bearing at top out of a thin skin, a Tuft of Milk
white Flowers, very like unto thole of Ramfons ,
which continue a pretty while in their Beauty, and
then pafs away, for the molt part without yielding
any Seed : the Plant nor its Root-, fmell little or
nothing of Garlick.

XVII. The fifteenth , or Spanifh Moly of Diofl
corides. This in its Root , Leaves, Stalks , Flowers,

and manneryof Growing is altogether like unto that
lajl dtfer i bed, faving that this is fairer, larger, and
of much more Beauty, as having its Flowers twice
as big as thofe of the former. But it feems not
to be pleafed with the cold of our Winters h«re in
England , nor can it at all endure them, unlefsvery
great cue be taken of its timely Houfing, for other-
wife it quickly perifhes.

XV'III. 'I he fix lee nth, or Sweet fmelling Moly
of Mompelier. This is the finiTlcft and fineft of
all the reft , having four or five Jin all green Leaves ,
almrft a* fine as horf e-Hairs, or like the Leaves of
the Fether-Grafs. The Stalk is about a Foot high,
bearing about five or fix or more fmall white
Flowers, laid open like Stars, made of fix Leaves
apiece, of an excellent fweet fmell, refembling Mu sk-,
Ic Flowers late in the Vear, fo that if the prece*
ding Summer is over moift, or the Autumn be early
col®, it loofes much of that very fweet fmell,
which it will have, if thofe Seafons be hot and
dry : befiies it mult be carefully looked after, and
timely houfed in a warm place ^ otherwife, it will
not endure with us in the Winter time.

XIX. The feventeenth , or Firfl broad Leav’d

Hungarian Moly of Clufii/s. Its Root is white and
bulbous' cr round, having fever a l fmall Bulbs grow-
ing thereto. It k^feveral long, and fomewhat
broad Leaves the former Root. Its

Stalk rifes up,.p^Hmout two or three Feet high,
with thofe I . thereon, but naked or bare from
the midle tomexop, where it bears a round Tuft
of purplifh Flowers, after which comes blackilh
Seed in three cornered Husks.

XX. The eighteenth , or Sweet ftnelling Hunga-
rian Moly. Its Root is white and bulbous , or round
like the former , with Jome little Bulbs growing
thereto. It has a very fweet fmell, and in its
form and manner of growing , very like to the lalt;
but with lefTer Leaves and Flower Stalks, which
bear at their tops, a Tuft of pale colored Flow-
ers upon loflger foot Stalks, hanging down their
Heads, of a pretty, fine, frefh, pleafing, fweet
fmell, which abides not lc.ig, but quickly Vanilhes.
The triangular Heads that follow, bring forth
blackilh Seed, fomething like to that of Pinks
or Gilliflowers.

XX. The nineteenth , or Purple round Headed
Mountain Moly. Its Root is white and bulbous or
round alfo , with fome fmall Bulbs adjoining to it.
1c has a few' long, narrow, green Leaves fet on the
Stalk like unto the other; and at its top, a large
Tuft of delicate purple Flowers , which grow on
fhort foot Stalks, never fully opening themfelves,
and having a llrong Garlick like fmell.

XXII. The twentieth , or Purplilh Headed African
Moly. Its Root is bulbous or round, from whence
fpring up but one Stalk fometnnes (and fometimes
two or three ) of about three Feet in keighth ; with
a few fomewhat broad and long Leaves, pointed at
the ends, and a little hairy about the edges. The
Tuft at top of the Stalk conlilts of purplifh
Flowers each of five Leaves which grow upon
long foot Stalks.

XXIII. The twenty firfl, or Italian white Moly
with a triangular Stalk. Its Root is fmall and
bulbous or round, of a Jhining purplijh color , fmelling
like Garlick. This fmall Plant has but one or two
long, hollow Leaves, but fomewhat broad, and
ending in a point. The Stalk is triangular or three
cornered, growing to he about fix or feven Inches
high, with feveral fmall, white Flowers at the
top.

XXIV. The Places. Thefe Molys are peculiar td
feveral Countries of the Earth, as, England, France,
Germany, Hungary, Italy, Spam, Tttrky , 0V.

but

Chap. 496. ‘Englifb Herls.

723

but they all or molt of them grow with us in
our Gardens , being Nurft up, and carefully lookt
after, but the molt of them are hardy enough to en-
dure the col deft of our Winters.

XXV. The Times. They Flower for the
moft part in the Summer time, viz. in June ,
and July ; and their Seed is ripe in fome little
time after.

XXVI. As to their Qualities, Specification , "Pre-
parations, and Virtues , they are altogether the fame
with thole of the Garden Garlick (tho7 I think not
full out fo powerful) which we have declared in
Chap. 307. Sell. 8. dd 22. aforegoing of this Book,
fo that no more need to be laid of them in this
place.

chap, ccccxcvi.

Of MONEY-WORT.

0 R,

Herb TWO-PENCE.

I. /-T"^ H E Karnes. It was unknown to /he Anci-
X ent Greek and Latine Writers ; Modern
Latine Authors call it Numularia •, from the form
of its Leaf, being round like unto Mony : alfo Gen
tummorbium , Centummorbia , and of Cefner , Centi-
tnorbia , from its wonderful effetts in curing many
Difeafes : and of Brumfclfius and others Serpent a-
ria. , either becaufe Serpents haunt it, and ly under
it, or for their being hurt or wounded, they heal
and cure themfelves therewith by eating it: in
Englijh , Money-wort, Herb Two-Pence , or Two
Penny Grafs.

II. The Kinds. There are three forts of this
Plant, viz. I. Numularia vulgaris , Numularia
Major , Common Money- wort, or the Greater
Money-wort. 3. Numularia Minor , The Lefler
Money-wort. 3. Numularia l lore purpurafeente ,
Numularia Minor Wore purpurafeente , Numularia
Minima , The fmalleft Money-wort, or Money-wort
with purplifh Flowers.

T he Defcript ions'.

III. The firfi , or Common or greater Money-
wort. It has a fnall , tender , and thready Root ,
which fpreads and difperfes it felf far about
under the Ground. From which Root fpring
forth feveral long, weak , and Render Branches,
lying and running upon the Ground, two or three
Febt long, or more; fet on both fides with
Leaves, two at a Joint, one againft another,
at e^ual diftances, which are almoft round but
pointed at the ends, fmooth, and of; a good
gieen color. At the Joints with the Leaves from
the middle forward , come forth at every Joint
fometimes two yellow Flowers, and fometimes
but one, (landing each on a fmall foot Stalk,
and confifting of five narrow, lharp pointed
Leaves, with fome yellow Threads in the mid-
dle which being pall, fmall, round. Heads of Seed
follow in their places.

IV. The fecond , or Lefler Money- wort. This
in its Root , Stalks , Branches , Leaves , Flowers ,
Seed, and manner of Growing , is fo like the for-
mer greater Kind , that it needs no other Defcript T
on i and differs only from it in' this, that it is
every ways and in all refpefls much lefler
than it.

V. The third , or Smalleft Money-wort, or
Money-wort with purplifh Flowers. The Root of
this is like to thofe before Defcribcd , but much
lefifer. From 'which rife up, very many ftnall.
Render, creeping Branches, lpreading and running t>n
the Ground, in the fame manner that the other
do , which here and there put forth Fibres , and
take Root again. The Leaves are fmall , and
round, ftanding by couples one againft another,
at feveral Joints, and a little pointed at the ends.
And out oi their Bofoms as the faid Joints, fpring
forth Render foot Stalks, bearing at their tops pret-
ty little Flowers, much fmaller than any of the
former, of a whitifh purple, and fometimes of a
purplifh red color , confifting of five little Leaves,
ftanding together in the manner of a little Bell
Flower: after which come fmall, round Heads,
(fmaller much than any of the former) in which
is contained fmall Seed.

VI. The Places. The two firft grow in moift
Grounds, and by Hedg-fides , near to Ditches and
Streams and other watery Places, and fometimes
in moift Woods, in many places of England ; the
firft is more plentiful and common, almoft every-
where. Gerard fays, .he found it on the Thames-
Bank , on the fide oppofite to White-Hall , and
almoft in every Country where he had Travelled.
The third, Gerard fays,- he found in the Bifhoprick
of Durham, and in two or three places in Tork-
fhire : It grows alfo on the Bogs upon the Heath
near Burnt- wood in Efjex.

VIF. The Times. They all of them Flower
from May , thro5 June and July ; and the third
in Auguft alfo ; and their Seed is ripe not long
after,

7. 2 z 7. ?

VIII. The

724

SalmonV Herbal. Lib. I.

VIII. The Qualities. Money-wort is cold in
the fiiil Degree, and dry in the fecond. It is
Aftringent, Vulnerary, and PeSoral.

IX. The Specification. It Hops all forts Ci
Fluxes of the Bowels and Womb, heals Wounds
and Ulcers, and prevails again!! Confumptbns of
the Lungs.

X. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, I. A Liquid Juice. 7. An Effence 3- An
Injufion or Dec oil ion m Water or Wine. 4. A
Syrup or Lohoch. ;. A Ponder of the Herb or
Seed. 6. An Ointment or Balfam. 7. A Cata-
plafm.

and boiled in Oil Olive , with an addition of Rofin,
Wax, and Tupentine. Authors fay , that there is
not a better Wound Herb than this, no not Tobacco
it felf, nor any Other Herb whatfoever.

CHAP. CCCCXCVIF.
Of M O O N - W O R T .

The Virtues.

XI. The Liquid Juice. It is very Aftringent,
binding, and drying; and is good to Hop all
Fluxes of Blood in Man or Woman, whether it be
a Diarrhea , Dyfenteria, Lienteria, Hepatick Flux,
or the overflowing of the Courfes in Women; it
Hops alfo all forts of Bleedings, whether outward,
or inward , as Spitting , Vomiting, or Pifling of
Blood; rectifies the Weaknefs of the Stomach,
ftrengthens it, and Hops Vomiting; healing all
excoriations or Ulcers thereof, as alfo of the Lungs,
and of other inward parts. Dofe 3 or 4 Spoon-
fulls at a time either mixt with Honey , or in a
Glafs of red Port, or red F lorence Wine, Morning
and Night.

XII. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the
Liquid Juice, and may be given in the fame man-
ner , from 2 to 4 Spoonfuls : befides which, it is
an excellent thing to heal all fimple green Wounds;
and to digeft, cleanfe, incarnate, dry, and heal all
forts of old Ulcers, not yet become cacoethick.
Hopping the Fluxion of fharp and moil! Humors
which attends them, caufing them either to lpread,
or to be long in curing.

XIII. The lnfufion or Decathlon in Water or
Wine. Thefe have the Virtues of the Juice and
Effence, hut nothing near fo powerful, and there-
fore may be taken Morning and Night, from
4 to 6 Ounces, fweetned with a little of the
Syrup.

XIV. T be Syrup or Lohoch . Thefe are made
of the Juice, the firft of them with fine Sugary
the latter with Clarified Honey. They have all the
Virtues of the Liquid. Juice and Effence , befides
which, they are excellent againft Coughs, Colds,
Hoarfnels, Wheezings, fhortnefs of Breath, diffi-
culty of Breathing, Excoriations and Ulcers of the
Lungs, fpitting of Blood, Etc. Dofe from an
Ounce to two Ounces, every Morning Faffing, an
Hour before Dinner, and laft at night going
to Bed.

XV. The Louder of Herb or Seed. Drunk in
Water in which red hot Iron has been quenched, it
If ops Fluxes of the Bowels : and any old Sore or
running Ulcer waffied therewith, it cleanfes, drys
and heals it in a fhort time : fo alfo the dry Pouder
beftrewed upon the fame pretty thick every time it
is dreft.

XVI. The Ointment or Balfam. They cleanfe
running Sores and old putrid Ulcers, it incarnates,
drys, and heals the fame: and are of efpecial ufe
for Green Wounds in any part of the Body : Ap-
plyed to the Gout it eafes the Pain in a fhort time,
and fo ftrengthens the parts affiiffed, as to prevent
a new flux of Humors to the fame.

XVII. The Cataplafm. The Flowers and Leaves
Itamped and laid upon Wounds and Ulcers, cure
them ; but it is much more efteftual being Itamped

I. ' C H E Names. This Plant was not known to
A. the Ancient Greek or Latine Writer^, tho1
fome would have it to be the Ceratia Plinij: fome
to be Tragium fecundum Diofcoridis , which growing
on the Mountains, has the Leaf of Scolopendrium ,
or Spleen-wort , but I think erroneoufly. All our
Modern Authors call it Lunaria minor ( Mfoliis
Lun£ , Crefentis modo falcatis: ) Grfner calls it
Lunaria petnea & Taura: it is the Rut a Lunaria
■del jecoraria Tabernamontani • and is called in
Englijb , Moon- wort.

II. The Kinds. Authors make feveral kinds of
this Herb, as, Lunaria minor , the Lefler Moon-
wort, of which in this Chapter ^ and it is thought
by fome ro be Hemonitis altera , Selenitis -, be-

caufe they make, Lunaria major , to be Hcmionitis ,
or, Mules Fern, in Chap. 342. Alfo, Viola Luna-
ria, Bulbonack , or Sattin Flower, which fee in its
order. 3. Lunaria minor ramofa Clufij , lmall
Branched Moon-wort-, but this latter being totally
a Stranger in England, and Native of Silejia , we
fhall fay no more of it in this Place.

T/;e Descriptions.

III. The firft, or fmall Moo'n-vvort, has a /mail
and Fibrous Root, from which Springs up ufually bu{
but one dark , green, thick, and fat Leaf, ftandin ^

Chap. 498. ‘Englijh Herbs. 725

upon a jhort foot Stalk , hot above two or three
fingers breadth but: when it comes to Flowering,
it then bears a fmail, flender Stalk, or about 4 or
5 Inches high, having but one Leaf growing from
it in the middle thereof, which is much divided on
both fides, fometimes into 5 or 7 parts, or more on
a fide, each of which parts is fmail next the middle
Rib, but broad forwards, and round pointed, re
fembling therein an half Moon, (from whence came
the Name) the uppermoft parts or divifions being
lefs than the lower. The Stalk rifes above this
Leaf 2 or 3 Inches, bearing many Branches of fmail,
long Spikes or Tongues, every one of them almoft
like to the fpiky Head of Adders-Tongue , of a
brownifh color, which whether they are to be called
Flowers or Seed, is fcarcely determinable. Thefe
Spikes after they have continued a while, refolve
into a mealy dull. Sometimes this Plant is found
with feveral fuch like Leaves, as the Leaf above
defcribed, with fo many Branches or Tops arifing
from one Stalk, each divided from the other.

IV. The P laces. It grows on Hills and Heaths,
yet where there is much Grafs, for therein it de-
lights to grow. Gerard fays he found it growing
about Bath in Sonterfetjhire in many places, efpeci-
ally at a place called Carey , two miles from Bruton ,
in the next Clofe to the Church Yard: on Cocks -
Heath , between l.ow/e and Linton , three miles from
Maidjione in Kent •, as alfo in fome Grounds by
Colchcftrr , in the Ground of the then Mr. George
Saver called Miles-eni: it grows likewife on the
fide of Black-heath , near the Stile leading to Eltham
Houfe , about an hundred Paces from the Stile : and
in Lancajhne near to 4 Wood called Lair eg by La-
tham : in A ottingha?n-fhire by the Wefi-wood by
Gringley , and at Wefion in the Lay fie Id by the Welt
fide of tne Town : in B'tjhopsfield at Tork : near un-
to Wakefield , in the Clofe where formerly Sir
George SaviT s Houfe flood, called Heath Half and
in many other places.

V. The Times. It is to be found only in April
and Mayy for in June and the following Months,
when the hot Wether comes, it for the moft part
whiters and dyes away.

VI. The Qualities. It is cold in the firft Degree,
and drying in the fecond* Abfterfive, Aftringent,
and Vulnerary.

VII. The Specification. It flops fluxes of Blood
of all forts, whether inward or outward, Vomitings,
and other fluxes of the Bowels, fluxes of the
Womb, and heals all forts of Ample Wounds,
whether inward or outward, Ruptures, Fra-
ctures, Ctc.

VIII. The Trepanations. You may have there-
from, 1. A Juice orEJfence. 2. ADecotfion or In-
fufion in Wine. 3. A Balfam or Qintmctit. 4. An
Oil, 5. A Cataplafm.

have all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice or E/fence.
and may be given Morning, Noon, and Night,
‘“4“ 6 or 8 Ounces, fweetned with Syrup of
tied Rqfes , or of Lovcg dhflowers.

XI. The Ba/fam or Ointment. They are excel-
leiit for healing of Green Wounds, digefting
cl earning, incarnating, and drying, or healing of
old, rotten, putrid, and running Sores and Ulcers,
bring.ng them to a fpeedy Cure: They are good alfo
to consolidate Ruptures, Fraaures,and Diflocations,
oetng duly outwardly applyed, the Juice or Eficnce
being alfo taken at the fame time.

XII. Tile Oil by Isolation. It is an excellent
thing agamlt Burnings and Scaldings however made
and being timely applyed, prcfently takes out the

f_lre’ ea^es Pain, and in a fhort time after cures
the lame.

XIII The Cataplafm. It is good again!! Rup-
tures, Gauhngs in any part, Inflamations, and con-
lolidates FraGures and Diflocations. And timely
applyed, ltdifeufles Ample Contufions wherefoever
prevents Inflamation and Apoftemation, and fpeedi-
ly reltores the parr.

MONKS-HOOD, fee Helmet Flower, Chap. 354.
-FLOWER, fee Sattin Flower, Chap.

Hearts-Tongue, Chap. 341.
MOORE GRASS, fee Sun-Dew, Chap.

MOREL, fee Nightlhade, Chap.

She Virtues.

IX. The Juice or E fence. They are moll excel-
lent things for all Wounds whether inward or out-
ward, they flop the Whites in Women, as alfo the
overflowing of the Terms, and all forts of Fluxes,
of the Bowels as Diarrhata, Dyfenteria, and Lien-
teria, as alfo the Hepatick Flux, and all other
fluxes of Blood, whether, by Spitting, Vomiting, or
by Urine , as alfo inward Fluxes of Blood, made
by Wounds. They flop Vomiting, llrengthen the
Stomack, and other Vifcera, and reitore the Tone of
the Bowels being hurt. Dofe from 2 Ounces to
4, in any fit Vehicle.

X. The Infufion or BecoQion in fCine. They

CHAP. CCCCXCVIII.
(y MOSS Ground, or Land.

I- yp n E /Names. Mofs is called in Greek
. J- in Latine, Mu feus, which

is Byron P/inij : in Englijh, Mofs.

Kmis\ There are three Generick Species
or this riant, viz. 1. Bftfa xt$ea.1tv, Mufcus Ter-
reftris, Ground or Land Mofs, of which in this
Chapter. 2. fytlor jivSmit, ^ rfdy,„t

Mufcus Arboreus , Tree Mofs, of which in Chap.
499- 3- Vol'VMm vxfsWt!, Mufcus Marinus
Sea Mofs, of which in Chap. 50c, following. ’
III. The Species of the Land or Ground Mofs.
1. Mufcus T erreftris vulgatiffimus , vel Terreftris
Lobelij O’ Bodonsi-, Mufcus Hortenfis Tragi Bau-
him , Our common Ground Mofs. 2. Mufcus Ter-
reftris vulgaris alter Gerardi, Mufcus denticulato
fimilis Bauhini , Mufcus montanus Tabernumontani
Our other ordinary or common Ground Mofs. 3!
Mufcus Terreftris fcoparius , Mufcus fcoparius
Lobelij -, Selago tertia Tha/ij , Beefom Mofs. 4.
Mufcus C/avatus, five Lycopodium , Lobelij U Do-
domci ; MufcusTerreJbis , Matthioli ES tragi- Se-
lagims Species altera Tha/ij ; Mufcus XJrfinus ’Gef-
neri , Club Mofs, or Wolfs Claw Mofs, greater ini
letter. ;. Mufcus denticulatus major (A minor-,
Mufcus Terreftris aliorum-, Mufcus Lufitanicul
Clufij, Toothed or Dented Mofs, greater and Idler.
6. Mufcus To menus major & minor. Winged Mofs
greater and lefler. 7. Mufcatus fpicatus repens.

Creep.

j 2 6 Salmon .f Herbal Lib, I.

Creeping Mofs with fpiked Heads. 8. Mujcus
e relhis Ramofus major & minor Baubini , Branched
Mofs greater and letter. ?. M.ifcus parvus pilaris
Baubini Mufcus in Ericctis prove mens Lobclt j.
Heath Mofs. io. Mufcus Stcliatus Rofeus Baumm ,
Rofe or Star-like Mols. 1 1 . Mufcus Pyxidatus Lo-
bclij of which bauhinus makes two forts, viz.
Mufcus Pyxiodes Terrefiris , & Pyxiodes Saxatihs ,
Cup Mofs, or, Cup like Mofs. i 2. Mufcus Corm-
culatus, Gerardi & Taber namontani ■, Mufcus Lera-
noides Mjor& minor Baubini, Horned Mofs. i?.
Mufcus minimis Ter ref ris Tragi , the fmallelt
Ground Mofs. 14. Mufcus Abietis facie Baubini,
Firr-like Mofs. 15. Mufcus Filtcinus major v
minor Gerardi & Tabern&montani, minor Baumm ,
Fern-like Mofs. 16. Mufcus Polytricboides Baubini,
Mufcus Capillaris, five Adianthum aureum mauisCJ
minus Gerardi , Miiden-hair Mofs , or Golden
Maiden-hair greater and letter, as Gerard calls it.
17. M./fcus Saxati/is Ericoides Baubini, Stone
Heath Mofs. 18. Mufcus Terre f ris Coralloidm
incanus Baubini, Hoary Coral-like Mofs. 19. MuJ-
cus Terre (iris Coral oides ruf e/cent ibus Cornwus
Baubini, Coral like Mofs, with reddifh Horns.
20. Mufcus Corallinus Mont anus, Mufcus Coralli-
nus five Corallina Montana Taber nxmontani. Moun-
tain Coralline-like Mofs. 21. Mufcus Coralloides
Saxatilis , Rocky Coral-like Mofs : this Columna
calls Lithobryon Coralloides. 22. Mufcus Clavatas
CupreJJt formas, Sabina Sylvefris, Gefneri & Tragi ■,
Selaginis P liman £ prima Species Tbalij Cbamscypa-
riffus Gerardi, Taber nsmontani Turneri , Mofs

Cyprefs , or Heath Cyprefs-, called alfo Cyprefs
Mofs, of which we have already Treated at large in
Chap. 188. aforegoing.

with many fmall Jingle Stalks, about a Boot in height
fometimes, and very oftentimes not half that height,
with a great number oj foft Leaves like Hairs, grow-
ing thick and clofc tog ft her the tops of which, in the
hottef time in Summer will be fomewhat round and
whit i/h-, the whole Tufjock is often found differing in
color , being either green or reddifh, or of a whitifh
yellow color.

V. The fecond, or Our other ordinary or com-
mon Ground Mofs. Its Roots are like the former,
and it grows up with many branched Stalks, of long
winged , but fhort green Leaves, altnofi like
Heath , fmootb and foft , not hard like Heath •
it fpreads much in the Ground , and rifes not
above half a Loot high : this Plant is more common
in Germany , and other Foreign Countries than
with US;

VI. The third , or Beefom-Mofs. It has a long
bufhy fibrous Root, and takes its Name from the
manner of its growing, which is from a fmall Head
below, fending up fever al finning, blackifh, purple
Stalks , of winged green , Thread-like Leaves ,
about twelve Inches high , which fpread them -
f elves out broadefl in the middle ■, at the top of
which breaks forth fometimes fmall yellowifh Heads ,
which quickly fall away t without any Seed following
them.

VII. The fourth , or Club-Mofs , or Wolfs-
Claw-Mofs, greater and letter. Thefe run upon
the furface of the Earth to a great length ,
breaking into other long , round Branches , Jhoot-
ing forth tibres into the Ground as they creep

(of <Z> $ 7/C 0 3 $ greater;

The Descriptions.

IV. The fir B, or Our common Ground Mofs. Its
Roots are very fhort, which are fafined in the Earth ,
from which the Herb fprings up very thick, together

along , being made of many fhort yellowifh ,
green , hairy Leaves : at the Joints of the
Branches, grow in fever al places, two or three
fmall, round, long, yellowifh, fcaly Heads,

Chap, a 98. TLnglifb Herbs. 727

e <c v 3 « step s &

like the Catkins or Bloomings of the Hade-
Tree , which as ill all the other Modes come
to nothing.

VIII. The fifth , or Toothed or Dented Mofs
greater and teller. Both thrfe forts of Modes grow
one like the other , but one larger than another ,
and each of them fomembat like the left , Rooting in

SIC 0 S 3 .1 f 0 0 r % g S>.

divers places, as they run on "the Ground. The
Stalky are a/mojl as fmall as Hairs , upon which
grow fmall Leaves thick fet together , as if they
were Scales , laid clofe one to another the ends of
them, flicking out like Teeth.

IX. The Jixtb , or Winged Mofs greater and
lelier. ' Both thefe Modes need alfo but one De-
fer ipt ion , not differing but in the largnefs and mul-
titude oj their Branches one from another : they
creep on the Ground , and Root as they run: whofe
Stalks and (hort Branches are thick fet with
jine yellowijh , green Leaves like Wings on both
flats , from whence it took its Kame. They grow
in Woods , as alfo upon the Rocks and Stones.

X. The f eve nth, or Creeping Mofs with Spi-
ked Heads. Ibis grows near to , and under Trees ,
creeping Jar abroad, with thick and long Branches ^
z-ihich jend forth many fine Leaves, fet clofd
together , in manner of long f piked Heads 3
one fort being green , and another white.

XI. The eighth , or Branched Mofs greater and
leder. T be greater Branched Mofs grows thick
and clofe together like a Turff, or Haffock of
high Grals, whofe Stalk* are 4 or 5 Inches
long-, fpreading into Branches of 2 or 5 Inches
a piece , and thofe into others again-, all which
are covered with very Jine Hair like Leaves,
among which Jhoot forth fmall naked Stalks of
an Inch long , with fmall yellow round Heads
like Wheat Corns. The leffer fort hereof has
its Stalks /hotter, and its' Leaves are fo fmall
that are they fcarcely to be difeerned.

XII. The ninth, or Heath Mofs. It grows
much on dry heathy Grounds , and being a
fmall fort of Moft, it rifes up with fevered

hard Stalks of fmall Jhort Leaves-, and at the
top, many cth-rs fet thick and rotnd like a
Turff.

XIII. The

728

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

XIII. T he tenth , or Rofe or Star like Mofe. 1 1
is a (mall Mofs which grows upon Rocks and Stones ,
a ni Scarcely rifes above an Inch in height , having
many (mail, pale , green , Jharp pointed Leaves,,
fet at the tops of their fmall Stalks , in manna
of a Role, fprcadmg forth like a little Star.

X'lV. The Eleventh , or Cup Mofs, or Cup like
Mofs. The Leaves of this Mofs ly like Liver-wort,
creeping upon the Ground, and are of a mhitijh yel-
low color, as are the fmall hollow Leaves like Cups,

e <v 9 x o s s.

which rife front them. There is another Kind here -
of, growing not on the Ground as the former, but
on Rocks and Stones, whofe Cups are f mailer, more
in number, and not fo white.

XV. The twelfth, or Horned Mofs. This grows
on thofe Rocky Barren Hills, and Stoney or Rocky
Grounds , where almofd nothing will grow. It rifes
out of the Ground with feveral J lender , weak, and
fomewhat broad Stalks, three or four inches high ,
naked, and without Leaves, from the bottom to the
top, but parted into f mailer Branches, and they again
into leffer , which are forked at the ends like unto
Horns, of a dusky white color.

XVI. The thirteenth , or fmalleft Ground Mofs.
This fmall Kind of Mofs tfually grows with us,
not only upon thofe Grounds , which are not f ined
or turned up for two or three years together, bill
alfo in flower Pots of Earth in Gardens many times,
which have not been lately fiirred. It is nothing elfe
but a number of Jhort green Hairs, matting upon
the Ground, which in the heat of Summer , and
fame times fooner, will fend forth fmall fiort
Stalks an Inch high , with fmall ycUoatJh or grecn-
ijh Heads on them. This tho’ bef known to many,
has been little regarded by moft, and not mentioned
by any before, except Tragus, and them which have
followed him.

XVII. The fourteenth, or Firr like Mofs. It
grows clofe upon the Ground , creeping thereon with
feveral long Branched Stalks, with fine, Jhort, hairy,

green Leaves, fet on both fidcs of the middle thereof,
refembling a Eirr-Tree Branch, from whence it took
its blame.

XVIII. The fifteenth, or Fern-like Mofs. Then-
arc feveral Kinds of this Mofs, fome bigger, and
feme leffer than others, all of them rifing up with
feveral Stalks, fome blackijh, feme reddijh, and fine
Leaves on them, much like to Fern Leaves but m
fome more finely cut of jagged iytto feveral parts,
than in others • on the tops oj the Branches of the
leffer fort, hang fmall, round, pointed , crooked
Heads .,

XIX. The fix! tenth g or Maidenhair Mofs, or
Golden Maidenhair greater and leffer, as Gerard
calls it. T here are three Kinds of this Mofs, 1.
One that has many Jhort Stalks thick covered with
Jhort, but fomewhat hard, rough, Hair-like Leaves,
growing in wet Grounds. 1: Another which is lifts
in each part, and the Leaves not rough or hard at
all. 3. Another which is the leaft fort, and the
Leaves fmpothefi : Thefe two laii grow upon old
Walls. Gerard fays , that the firfi of thefe Kinds
has Stalks about an handful high, covered with Jhort
Hairs Jlanding very thick together, of an obfeure
yellow green color, out of which' Stains fpring up
fometimes very fine naked Stems, and fomewhat black ,
upon tbl tops of which hang as it were Utile Grains
like Wheat Corns: Its Kents are alfo very Jlcnder
and extreamly fine. 2. The fccond differs only in
magnitude from the former, and has many hairy
Threads upon its Branches. 3. The third which is
the very leaf of all ( and pojfibly the leaf of
Plants which grow ) has only three or four of
thofe hairy Threads chfe to the Root.

XX. The fevcntcenth, or Hdary Coral-like Mofs.
This fmall Mofs has many fmall Hair-like Leaves,
next the Ground, like unto the Common Ground
Mofs, among which rije up, rough Stalks, three or
four ' Inches high, in fome places bare if Leaves,
and covered in the reft, with many fitch like Leaves,
as are growing on the Erica Cons folio, but with-
out order-, cn the tops of each whereof Hands a
fmall Head.

XXI. The Eighteenth, or Hoary Coral-Jike Mols.

This is1 all of a hoary white, growing about a Loot
high, wlwfe upright Branches are thick, /olid, and
not ’ hollow , divided into many Ramifications, each
whereof is like unto a Stags-Horn, and Jharp or
fmall at the end. ~ ; '

XXII. The Kiiieteentb, or Coral-like Mofs with
reddifh Horns. This Mofs grows among the ordina-
ry, or common Ground Mofs. And is a delicate fight
to behold -, the pale, green, ordinary Mofs to grow
on the ground, and this Mofs being all white, to
grow out from among it, parted like Coral into
many Branches, hard or rough in handling-, but the
ends or tops of them are all of yellowijh or reddijh
color , like fmall, hard, or rough Horns.

XXIII. The twentieth, or Mountain Coraline-
like Mofs. This is a fmall low, wbitijh, dry Herb,
with fmall hollow Stalks, not ' forty or hard at all,
but finely cut and divided into many parts, much
refembling the true Coraline: this is oftentimes
found upon dry he/thy Grounds.

XXIV. The twenty firfi , or -Reeky Coral-like-
Mofs. This grows on Rocky Hills among other
Molfes in Naples, as Columna fays, whofe Branches
are many, and each ending in a two forked like
Horn, jomething like the double forked Horn cj o
Stag , being hollow and white within^ and cicen
without.' but of an ill curt}')' fin ell.

XXV. The Places. They molt of them grew
upon barren, heathy, dry and rocky, or Itoney
Grounds, according as is exprelt in their Icveral
Defcriptions. Rut the Mulc ts t. apillaris , viz. the

fixteenth

Chap. 499* *Englifb Herbs, 729

ftxteenth Species, is feldom found but in wet
woody Grounds, upon Bogs and Moorilh places,
yet fometimes it has been met with in fhadowy dry
Ditches where the Sun does not come. Gerard
fays, he found it in great abundance in alhadowy
Ditch upon the left hand near unto a Gate
which leads from Hampfied-Heatb towards high-
Gate.

XXVI. T he Times. They all flourilh chiefly
in the Summer Months.

XXVII. T be Qualities. They are cold in the
firft Degree, and dry in the fecond ; Aftringent, Re-
percuflive, Vulnerary, Diuretick, Stomatickand Ne-
phritick: and of them all, the firlt, fourth, and
eleventh , viz. the Common- Mofs , the Club- Mofs ,
and the Cup-Mofs , are faid to be the mot lingular
and effeftual.

XXVIII. The Specification. The firft and
fourth are good againft the Strangury, to pro-
yoke Urine, and break and expel the Stone.
The Cup-Mofs effectually helps the Chin-Cough
in Children. The Club-Mofs is faid to recover Loft
or Prickt Wine. They all of them are good to
heal Wounds and old Ulcers, to flop all forts
of Fluxes of the Bowels, as alfo Fluxes of Blood.

XXIX. The Preparations. You may have
theretrom, i. ji DecoSon in Wine. 2. A Ponder.
3. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

XXX. The TbecoBion of the Common or Club-
Mofs in Wine. Being drank for fome time is faid
to be drying and Altringent, to Hop Fluxes and
Bleedings of all forts, and is a Angular good thing
to break Friable Stones in the Reins or Bladder,
and to expel the fame, as alfo Sand, Gravel, or
Tartarous Matter affeCting thofe parts : ir opens
their obftruftions, provokes Urine, and gives eafe
in the Strangury. The DecoRion of the Cup-Mofs
in Water or Whey, effectually cures the Chin-Cough
in Children ; being taken for feveral days toge-
ther.

XXXI. The Ponder. Made of any of the Mof-
fes and given to a Dram, it has all the former Vir-
tues, and outwardly applyed it flops Bleeding upon
the fpot, and drys up old Sores and putrid running
Ulcers. The Pouder of the Cup Mofs given to
Children for feveral days together. Morning, Noon,
and Night, it certainly cures them of the Chin-
Cough ; more efpecially if it is given in the De-
toliion.

XXXII- The Cataplafm. Mofs bruifed and boil-
ed in Water , and applyed to any Inflamation, or
pains arifing from a hot caufe, allays the heat, and
eafes them 5 and therefore it is applyed by many ro
places affeCted with the Gout, and that as it is faid
with good fuccefs.

XXXIII. An Obfervation. C/ub-Mofs being
hung in a Veffel of Wine, that has loft its Vigor,
and is become flat or prickt (fo much as is conveni-
ent for the bignefs of the Veffel) is faid in fhort
time to recover it again : for which reafon Brun-
felftus called It Weinkraut , or the Wine herb.

ERAT.UM.

Page 728. Set?. XX. line 37. for , Hoary Coral-like
Mofs j read. Stone Heath Mofs.

CHAP. CCCCXCIX.

Of MOSS Tree.

I. ' 1 ' H E Nantes. It is called in ArabicK,
* Arncx, ; and Ufncc : in Greek, Bpi/oi> £ c-od-
vw AvSeutov : in Latine , Mufcus Arboreus , tf
M.fcus Quernus, fbecaufe it is moftly to be found
growing upon Oak Trees : ) By the Apothecaries it
is called XJJnea , ( which is a Name alio given to
the Mofs growing upon Humane Sculis:) and in
Englijb ir is called, Tree- Mofs ‘ and if it grows
upon Oak Trees, then Oak-Mofs.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral Species of this
Mofs, viz. 1. Mufcus Arbore its vulgar is, Mufcus
Qjtercinus vulgaris , Our common Tiee-Mofs , or
Oak-Mofs. 2. M. fcus Arboreus Nodofus five Ce-
niculatus. Knobbed or Kneed Tree-Mols. 3. Muf-
cus Qucrcintts lixniculatus. Fennel like Oak-Mois,
4. Mufcus Quernus, vel dftreinus fruticofus capita-
lis cavis. Tree or Oak-Mois with hollow Heads. 5,
Mufcus quernus vel qucrcinus alter latijolius Coralloi-
des. Oak Mofs with broad horned Leaves. 6. Mufcus
ariirn cruft at is, Crufty dry Mofs or dry Li ver-wort or
Lung-wort. 7. Mufcus Pulmonarius , Lichen Arbo-
rum, Mofs Lung-wort, or Tree Lung-wort, or
Oak-Lungs, of which we have already dilcouried at
large in Chap. 458. aforegoing.

T he Descriptions.

III. The firft , or Common Tree-Mols, or Oak-
Mofs. This generally grows on all Trees , and is
nothing elfe but a number of hairs or jinuU lhreads ,
proceeding from the Bodies and Branches of them, in

Oak or Wofs.

fome Jhoner, in others longer ■, all for the mft pan
hoary, or of a whitijh gray color, which have nei -
ther Root , nor Stalk , nor flower, nor Seed, Some-
5 ^ tsmss

7^0 Salmon s Herbal Lib. I.

times this Mofs is of a reJjjJh color , and fometimes
blackijh , which is the worft cf all.

OSLftC SiC 0 3 3.

IV. The feconi , or Knobbed ot Kneed Tree-
Mofs. This is of a grayijl) color, hanging from the
Trees , with a large fpread Britjh of Hairs , a foot in
length , and fometimes half a lard long , with federal
fmall knotted Joints like Beads , growing upon them
towards the lower end , vtbicb are hollo w, aW £roro
/a /bay rave Ji rung together, fome being lower,
and others Ihorter than the ref.

V. The third, or Fennel-like Oak-Mofs, This
■ufuaUy grows upright on the Bodies , and the older
Arms and Branches of old Oaks, and fometimes on

0 A K — MO S S Fettttel-likg.

0 R,

0 A K- M 0 S S Branched Flowerings

Beeches a/Jo , fajlned by a fmall lirackijh Root into
their Bark , and jrom thence fends forth fever a!
fender, blackijh , branched Stalks about two Inches or
more high , with a number of moft fine grayifij
Fennel like Leaves , which finch fomclhing fweet :
at the tops whereof Jland fmall , round, hollow
Veffcls, a hi tie rough or hairy about the Brims ,
which quickly fall away, without any Seed follow-
i/ig them.

VI. Johnfon upon Gerard thus Defcribes this
third fort. There is oftentimes found upon old
Oaks and Beeches and finch like over grown Trees,
a kind of Fennel like Oak-Mols, (called alfo Oak-
Mofs Branched Flowering) having many fender
Branches , which divide - then f elves into other lejfer
Branches, on which are placed confufedly , very
many final! Threads of a greenijh ajh color : upon the
ends of whofe tender Branches fometimes there comes
forth a f lower , in Jhape like unto a little 'Buckler ,
or hollow Mulhroom, of a whitijh color tending
to yehownefs , and garnijbed with the like Leaves of
thojc upon the lower Branches.

VII. The fourth, or Tree or Oak-Mofs with
hollow Heads. This has hollow Stalks, with broad
Bat Leaves , [omenhat hairy on the edges. The
Heads are alfo hollow with a blackifh Stile or Peftel
m the midji of them, and fometimes cncompaffed
about with a dented Verge. This has feveral Jhort
Branches Jpread divers ways , and is wholly of a
gray ill) ajh color.

VIII. The fifth , or Oak Mofs with broad horned
Leaves. This is of a whiter ajh color, branching it
felf into many thick and broad parts, like unto the
Horns of a Stag, bearing at the tops of them, certain
[mail VeJJe/s, of the bignefs of Cicers or Chich Peale
at biggejt. This Mofs does fometimes grow Lux-
urious fuelling greater from the bottom to the
top.

IX. X he fixth, or Crufty dry Mofs, or Dry Liver-
wort or Lung-worr. This does not much differ in
form and color from the Mols or Tree Lung-wort, of
which we have already treated in Chap. 458. but in
its being dryer, or more critfiy or hard : It grows as
well on Trees a s on the cleft Pales and Shingles
made of Oak, as alfo fometimes upon Stones and
Rocks on the Ground, and fometimes upon the very
Common Mofs it felf as it has been found fome-
times growing in Windfor Park.

X. The Places. The ft r It has been found grow-
ing upon Trees in many Fbrrefts and Woods through-
out all England, as alfo through the whole Conti-
nent of Honda, where it grows very large upon
Oaks to admiration, fo that in Ctro/itu, they have
to my knowledg made it the Winter Provilion for
their Cattel. It grows molily upon Oaks and that
in vaft plenty, it grows alfo ‘upon other Trees.
It grows on the Arms and Bows of the Ilex, or
Evcr-grccn-Oak, as alfo upon the Larch Tree which
is very white and fweet: that is an incomparable
good Kind which glows on the Poplar Tree : bur
that which grows upon the Cedar is faid to be the
bell of all others, it being very white and fweet:
and Matthiolus declares that to be the bell, which is
the whiteft and fvteeteft. Yet lome others think
that to be as good which is found upon the Fin-
Pine , and Pitch Trees. The feeond grows alfo
frequently in England and other places. The third
which grows many, times upon old Beeches as well
as upon Oaks, as alfo the fourth , fifth and fixth,
are found frequently in the Woods ax ivi/dertteffes
through the vaft Continent of Florida, and in many
other places of the Weft-Indies. The fixth and
leventh are found frequently -growing upon Oak
Boards, Planks, Shingles , and Timber, throughout
all the Brittijh IJles.

XI. The

Chap. 500. JLnglifb Herbs . j ? i

XI. The Times. They grow and flourifh all the
year, and are in a kind, of Vigor, even in Winter
time, in the middle of Froft and Snow.

XII. The Qualities. They are temperate in re-
ipefl to heat or cold , of a Drying and Digeftive
quality withall, as Galen lays, elpecially that
which grows upon the great Cedar.

XIII. T be Specification. The Virtues which the
Ancients attributed unto Mofs flit wholly to be under*
flood concerning thole which grow upon Trees: and
each Alofs does much partake of the Nature of the
Tree on .which it grew , or from whence it was
taken. As that of the Oak is more binding, and
better againft Fluxes of the Bowels, Catarrhs , 0V.
than thofe of the Cedar , Larch , Beech , Poplar , Fir,
or Pine Trees •, and is more powerful than any of
thole againft Vomitings , and Fluxes of Blood in
any part.

XIV. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. An Infujion or DecoUion in Wine. 2. A
Ponder made of the fubjlance of the Mofs. The
Oil or Ointment.

upon old Ulcers and running Sores in any part of the
Body as alfo Ulcers in the leveral parts 'of Man
or Woman, the fame being wafh’d therewith two
or three times a day.

CHAP. D.

Of MOSS Sea,

T

The Virtues.

XV. The Infujion or Decotfion in Wine. Being
drank it is good againft Reachings and Vomiting,
fettles a troubled Stomach, and allays the Hiccough,
comforts the Heart, as Avicen fays, and caules deep
Sleep as Serapio affirms. It flops all Fluxes of the
Bowels, and all internal Fluxes of Blood, whether
of the Lungs , Reins or Guts : and flops the over-
flowing of Womens CourfeS being taken inwardly,
and outwardly ufed as art Injection up the Womb
with a proper Womb Syringe.

XVI. The Pouder. It has all the Virtues of the
Infujion or Decottion afore declared , and may be

fiven from a Scruple to a Dram, made up into a
olus with a little A/lithridate or Venice Treacle ,
or given in any’ other proper Vehicle. It Hops
all inward Bleedings being given as aforelaid, or in
any Stiptick red Wine : And it Hops any outward
Bleeding of Wounds, &c. being outwardly apply-
ed dry, either alone, or mixed with fine Bale , in
fine Pouder. And is laid to be available againft the
Dropfie being taken in ftrong Drink or Wine for
fome time together.

XVII. The Decayed Oil or Ointment. The firft
is made by by Boiling in Oil Olive , See. The fe-
cond by Boiling in Hogs Lard. Being apply cd to
the Temples or Forehead, it wonderfully eafes
the pain thereof which comes from a hot Caule :
and Hops the defluxion of hoc fliarp Rheums and
Humors flowing thence to the Eyes and other Parts.
The Ancients much ufed thefe Tree Mofs' s in their
Ointments, againft Lailitudes, to llrengthen the
Nerves, and comfort Joints and Parts which have
been weakned by hurts, blows, and affluxes of
Humors.

XVIII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparati-
ons, and Virtues of the feventh Species, viz. of
the Mofs or Tree Lung wort , called bv fome Oak-
Lungs, you may fee at large in the afore cited
Chap. 458. from Sell.-, ad 12. inclufive. Phylicians
ufe it againft the moft inveterate Confumptions, and
that with good fuccefs , and indeed againft moft
Difeafes of the Lungs, as Colds, Coughs, Stuffings,
Wheezmgs, Hoarfnels, Ihortnels ol Breath, difficulty
or Breathing, asalfoagainftall forts of Fluxes of the
Bowels. And Shepherds give it to their Catrel

Hhl 'S. Ca"ed in Arab'ck, The.
ha/eb L Thaleb : in Greek , Bf Q^damov .

scaMf: M“Jc“s Mmms: 3Dd in En^\

c 11 ,, VJe Kincls- There arc leveral Species of

frS&V M"fC“u vlrens ^Tteniculd-

Herbacetts moll, or Ofaipini
ffiort Fennel-ltke Sea-Mofs. 2. Mufcus Mannas
Ferulacem, Fucus Ferulacem Lobelij, long FenneL

Sn5 ^°fs'v> ' Marinas Abrotonoides

iucm Mannm fohK Abrotani Maris Lobelij, Mujt

rr0‘am LuA^nfis, Southerrt-
wood-ltke Sea-Mofs. 4. Mufcus Marinas Neapo-
lit anus, Abfcus Marinus Clufij h Palmula Manna.
Imperati, Neapolitan Sea-Mofs. 5. Mufcus Marl-
ms I enetus, Cofti Indtci radicis efigie Ponce Tile
Venetaan Coftus-like Mofs. 6. Mufcus Marinus
fSl ‘T a v'^'/'r' £ afeus Marinus Didfcoridis
r" f0,‘° Tbeophrafti (as LiJdmcnf

Tiiafrils^lt J1' ?*UjcUS Mantmus

Ah, T h A& LuAiunenfis, Fucus five

Alga Tintlona , red Sea-Mofs, or red Dying Sea-

rwi' Argenteus Plumiformis

Donats, Silver Feather-like Sea-Mois. 9. Mufcus

le”m Aurea Doiti

Golden Fearher-like Sea-Mofs. 1

The Descriptions.

for the fame nurpofes, mixt with a little Salt, and
that vvrth good Succefs. It is profitable alfo, to be
put into Lotions,, to ftog a deiiuxios of Humsjs

III. The firft , or (hort Fennel-like Sea-Mofs
It grows up from bjackijh , round, and Fibrous
Roots, with many fine Jhort Leaves like Fennel

°L ZrlZVJV” "Vi 7°”S which ^ forth,
an he, by Stalk w„h fuel, l,ke Leaves on it and

l,ir?t”g feveralfwoln Eminences thereon.

IV. the fecond or long Fennel-like Sea-MoIS
The Leaves of tins Sea-Mofs are long and fine
like unto thofe of the Ferula , or Fennel Giant’
growing from Stalks of almoji a Foot long, and is divi-

iiftrz " /prin*!

T/J' fhe lh‘ri' southernWood-like Sea Mofs.
This f pangs up alfo from Rocks with thick Stalks
and Blanches, having thereon fine cut Leaves, fome-
ihing like umo Southernwood, but much bigger , and
of a browmjh red color. 5 ’

, yiJhe fourtf ‘"' Neapolitan Sea Mofs. This
hkewife grows from fome Stone or Rock , and nfes
up with a Stalk of about 4 Inches or more high, with
fevcral Branches on them on both fides, and they
again divided into leffer , all of them plentifully

Zlf or .^er <han they, if any of the two be

ZZ ; V >n handling at firft, eafy ,0 be bended,
g ecn below at the lower part, and furplifh above,
ihfZhZ ' ^/parent, if they be interpofed to
the light. This is no, fo brittle as Coniine when it
5 A 2 *

73

Salmon V Herbal.

Lib. I.

is dryci, and grows store rough by the drynefs : it ,
has a very Salt tajie, and being foaked a while in
Water, grows pliant and foft again.

VII. The fifth , or Venetian Coitus-like Sea-Mofs.
This grows on Rooks in the Sea , which by the often
agitation of the Water, is broken front it, and car-
ried to the Shore , not having any Root , but
being made as if it were a Tuft of J'mall Sticks
fel together , which being diy , much ref ambles the
Root of Coitus Indicus, hut whiter: and being moifi-
ned again, opens it felf into form, being full of Sait,
much like to fmall Sand.

VIII. The fxth , or Soft Sta-Mofs. This is like
unto thofc Moffes which grow upon the Ground cr
on Tiees without any Roots-, and grows only upon
Rocks, or Shells of fever al Shell-L'ijhes , being a fojt
herb, compofed wholly of woolly white hairs without
any Branch or Stalk, and is oftencr found white than
rcddtjh or gray, but fcldom or never green. There
is alfo another fmall fort hereof found growing on
the Stones by the Sea fide, as aljo fomelimes on Wood ;
and is likewife Jomelimes caji up by the Sea on the
Shore among the Alga , or Sea Wrack, of feveral
forts growing Jomelhing like to the former or Ground
Mels, but that it is white, and a little Jaltifh and
binding.

IX. The f eve nth , or Red Sea-Mofs, or Red
Dying Sea-Mofs. This is a fmall fort of Mofs.
and much like to the fourth Species, or Neapolitan
Sea-Mofs-, it is furnijhed with a greater Jlore of
fojt Stalks, but fewer Branches, and with as fine
fmall Leaves on them like unto Fennel, of a rediijh
color, but with fome wbitenefs mixed together. This
is ufed by feveral Dyers to fain and flrike a deep
crimfon color, or a reidifh purple, which will laf long.

. X. The eighth, or Silver Featner like Sea-Mofs.
This moll beautiful Mofs grows on Rocks in the Sea,
upon the dry Shells of fifties, and is oftent imes found
wrapped among the Alga, or Sea-Wrack, or Sea-
Weeds, when caff upon the Shore , growing up with
many Stalks , and fpreaiing it Jelf out into many
particular Branches , made as it were all of Hairs
like safer Moffes, but very much reprefenting feveral
I prigs of Leathers, of fo pure a zehite Silver-like
color, that it is to be wondred at, that ever any thing
Should become fo white by Nature, or be made fo
white by Art.

XI. The ninth, or Golden Feather-ltke Sea-
Mofs. This is a Mofs alfo of excellent form and
beauty. Branching it felf out into feveral Sprigs, re-
fembling the Natural form of fmall long Leathers. The
Branches are filled with Leaves on both flics fine
like Hairs : and both Stalks and Leaves are oj a
mofl Jhining Gold color, beautiful to behold, and have
a great refemblance of the Spartum Auftriacum,
Clufij, which we call Feather-Grafs.

XII. The Places. The Defcriptions (hew that
molt of them grow upon Rocks, Stones, and
Shells in the Sea , and on the Shore : fcarcely any
of them gro ring out of the Ground except the firft :
fome of them are found in the Seas and on the
Shores of other Countrys; andfomeormoftof them
on our own Coafts,

XIII. The Times. They grow and flourilh all the

year long, and live Summer and Winter very much
alike. ...

XIV. The Qualities. They are cold and dry m
the fir ft Degree, are Afttingent, Anodyn, Vulnerary,
and Nephritick.

XV. The Specification. They cool Inflamations,
gives eafe in the Gout, kill Worms in the Body,
Sop fluxes, ftay Vomiting, refill Fluxions of the
Eyes or other parts. Stop fluxes of the Belly, pre-
vaHagainft Sand and Gravel in Reins, and Bladder,
and cleanfe , dry and heal old tunning Sores, and
foul putrid Ulcers.

XVI. The Preparations. You have therefrom
only, i . A DecoSion in IVine. i. A Pouder of the
whole Body of the Mol's. 3. A Catap/afm.

IIjc Virtues.

XVII. The Decoliion cf the fourth and fixth
Species in Wine, injected into the Bladder or Ure-
thera with a Syringe, it abfterges very much, waltes
Carnofities or Caruncles in thole parts which flop
the Urine, and heals Ulcers in the Bladder and Ure-
thra ; it laid to have cured one who was troubled
with that Difeafe in a very ihort time. And for
this reafon it is very probable, that it may be very
effectual in healing a Virulent Gonorrhea in Man or
Woman, univerfals being firft premifed.

XVIII. The Pouder. Given from a Scruple to
a Dram in fome fit Vehicle, it is faid to kill
Worms in Children; but it ought to be made of the
fourth and fixrh Kinds. The Pouder of the fourth
Kind is faid to be very effectual for Watering Red
Eyes, if mixt with, fennel Water and put into them.
And the fame Pouder taken with Vinegar Hops Vo-
miting and Itrengrhens the Stomach. The Pouder
of the fifth Kind, or Venetian Sea-Mofs, is good to
cleanle foul Ulcers of all forts, whether inward or
outward; and being given to a Dram in Wine, it
•xpels Sand and Gravel from the Reins, and give?
eale in the Strangury.

XIX. The Cataplafm. It is made of any of the
Mofies being green and frelh, by beating a little in a
Morter. Being applyed to Inflamations, it cools
them, and ejles their Pains : And in a hot Gouc,
it gives prefent eafe, becaufe it drys, thickens and
cools: and withal ic refills the Fluxion, and admirably
Itrengrhens the part afflicted.

XX. The Virtues of the eigth Species , or Silver
Feather-like Sea-Mofs. Applyed Pultihruije with
Vinegar, it eafes the Pains ot the Spieen; it alfo
diffolves (trumous Swellings or Kernels in the Neck
and Throat, or other Parts. The Decoliion in Wine ,
given to fix or eight Ounces at a time; or the
Pouder given to a Dram at a time in White Port or
Lisbon Wine, abundantly provokes Urine, and are
profitable againftthe Dropfy : they deanfe the Reins,
ureters, and Bladder, from finall Stones, Gravel,
Sand, and other Tartarous Matcer. The Pouder
may be given in Wine as aforefaid, or in Dijlilled
Water of Eryfmum , or Hedg-Alujlard, or of Sea
Holly, or of Parfiy, or of Hydropiper, mixt with an
equal proportion of Juice of Limans.

C II A P. DI.

Of M O T H - W O R T.

O R,

Golden CUDWEED.

I. 'T ''HE Names. It is called in Greek, 'En'xta
i mi in Latin, Uelichtyfitm , Eliochryfum,
U Tinearia , alfo Coma attrea, Oerardi , Lf Aurelia
Gaza: in Eng/ijh, Mothwort , Golden Alptb-wort ,
Golden Cudweed , arid Gold-f lower,

«. The

Chap. 501. “Englijb “Herbs.

73?

II. The Kinds. It is fuppofed to be a Species
of the Cudweeds, but feems to me, to be a lingular
Plant of its own Kind, and is the Helichryfum of
Vwfcond.es. But Parkinfon gives us three other
forts of it alfo.

T he Defcriplions.

III. This Plant has a long Root, of a conftderable
tbicknefs, and furnifhei with fever el Fibres or
Strings , /(ringing from the Jiies thereof round
about, from which Spring forth J lender folks Some-
thing hard and woody , divided into feveral fr.all
Branches-, upon which do grow Leaves fomewhot
rough , of a white color, and nit eh jogged, not
much unlike to thofe of Southernwood. The Flow-
ers fond on the tops of the Stalks, joined together,
of a yellow color glittering like Gold, in form ref am-
bling the fcaly Flowers of Tanfie, or the middle
bottom of the Camomil Flower, which being gather-
ed before they be ripe or withered, remain beautiful
for a long time after. For which caufe of long loft-
ing, the Carved Images of heathen Gods or Idols were
wont to near Garlands thereof. For which reafon
Ptolomy King of Egypt, did much olferve it as
Pliny fays. Thus Gerard.

IV. Parkinfon thus deferibes it. Heliochryfum or
Golden Flower of Life, has a Root which is fmall
and Woody, Spreading under the upper cruft of the
Earth, living long in its own Natural (.lace, but very
hardly endures the cold of our Winters, un/efs they
be mild , or well defended. From this Root rife up
many har d, round, while Stalks, a Foot and half high,
on which at certain diflances ftand many fine cut
Leaves, or rather one Leaf cut into many fine and
fmall parts, a/moft as fmall as Fennel, but of a gray-
ijh color , like unto the Cudweeds or Cottonweeds,

( whereof certainly this is a Special Kind.) At the
sops of the Stalks ftand many round Flowers, of a
pale gold color, in an Umble clofe together , yet every
Flower upon its own Stalk, and all of an even height,
which will keep the color ( being gathered and kept
dry) for a long time after, and are of an hot quick
JmetL

Branches. The Tuft of Flowers or Uinbles do like -
wife confift of longer and larger Heads, more fcaly
and elofer compel/ together , of an excellent pale
yellow color, and finning, with fome yellow threads 01
thrums in the middle.

VII. Heliochryfum Citrina,.Chryfocome, Sttcchas
Citrina, Gold Tufts, Gold CalTidonv. Its Root
is fmall and Black-, and the Plant is Jomewbtt like
to the Candy Gold-locks, at Seft. y. above, having
hoary Stalks, and Leaves / landing confufedly on them
being long and narrower than thofe of Creet or Candy'
The Tops of the Stalks are divided into many parts
each bearing a J. 'mall , long, yellow Head or Flower at
the lop, with fome yellow Thrums in them , which
Heads being many , are diffufedly fet together, like
a loofe or fparjed Umble , keeping their color long
long before they wither-, and when they are ripe
have thin, fmall, reddijh Seed, like Marjerom Seed,
but leffer. The whole Plant ( at well Leaves, and
Flowers, as Roots, is of a ftrong , and Jharp , but
pleafant fmell.

VIII. The Places. They all grow in Hot
Countries, as in Barbary, Candy, Italy, Provence in
France, and in Spain: where they grow in unfilled
Grounds, and in Barren Meadows, as alfo about the
Banks of Rivers. With us they only grow in Gar-
dens, and are very catetully to be lookt after in
Winter.

IX. The Times. Pofiibly in their Native Coun-
tries they may Flower in the latter end of the
Spring or Summer Months, as Theophraftus and
Pliny fiy •, but with us, they all Flower in the end
of Anguft, or rather in September, to the time called
Michaelmas.

X. The Qualities. They ate hot and dry in
the fecond Degree , incide, attenuate, and are Diu-
retick.

XI. The Specification. They are (chiefly the fi ll
and laft) peculiar again!! the Strangury, Congelation
of the Blood, and Bicings of Serpents and ocher
poifonous Creatures.

XII. The Preparations. You may have herefrotrt,
1. An Infufion or DecoHion in Wine. 2. A Pouder
of the Herb and Flowers. 2. A Spirituous Tinllure of
the fame. 4. An Acid Tinllure.

To this Parkinfon gives us alfo the Defcripttons
of three other Plants, (which he will have
to be Species of the fame Kind,) and which
we here deliver you, as follows.

V. Heliochryfum Creticum, Candy Gold-locks, or
Golden Flower. It has two or three fmall, fiender
Branches, which are white, and fet here and there
very fcatteringly , with fmall , long, and narrow
hoary Leaves, having yellow Heads of Flowers at the
tops , made into Umb/es or Tufts, not fo round and
even at the former, but long-wife, one above another,
the Heads being made cut it were of Scales-, loofiy
end not foclofely fet together, as in the next follow-
ing: whicbwben they are full ripe do pafs into Down,
end are blown away with the Wind , having a fmall
reddijh Seed at the end: but will abide a long time ,
ns the others in its beauty, being gathered in its due

/et: Helichryfum Orientale, Oriental Gold-Locks,
or Golden Flower. Its Root dies not every Tear •, but
lives long, cfpecially in the Southern and Eaftern Coun-
tries, whichhave no coldFrofts ; butwithus , incur cold
Climates , it requires much care and dilgence to keep and
preferve it. It is a beautiful Plant, and much like
to the former Cretick Kind laji deferibed, but grows
up higher, with many more Branches, and more hoary,
white and woolly, having alfo long and narrow whits
Leaves, but Somewhat broader , and thicker fet on the

T be Virtues.

XIII. The Infufion or Dccolfton in Wine. It
heats and drys , and is profitable again!! Catarrhs,
provokes Elrine powerfully, and gives eafe in the
Strangury comforts a cold Stomach , and helps Di-
getlion. * It is good alfo again!! the Bitings of Ser-
pents and other Venomous Creatures, and being drank
diffolves congealed Blood.

XIV. The Pouder of Leaves and Tops or Flowers.
It has all the Virtues of the Infufion or Deco£fioni
and may be given Morning and Night, from half a
Dram to a Dram, in a Glafs of Generous Wine.
Diofcorides fays, that the tops thereof being drank
in Wine, are good tor fuch as can hardly make Wa-
ter, again!! Bitings of Serpents, and' Pains of the
Huckle Bones, by which I fuppofe is meant the Scia-
tica : and being taken in fweec Wine it Diffolves con-
gealed Blood.

XV. T he Spirituous Tinllure. It is good
again!! weaknefs of the Stomach and Bowels , ex-
pels Wind, and prevails again!! the Colick and
Griping of the Guts : ftrengthens the Head, Brain,
and Nerves, comforts the Bowels and Womb, and
admirably provokes Uriiie. Dole from one Dram to
three Morning and Night, in a Glafs of Wine, or
fome other proper Vehicle.

XVL The

734 Salmons Herbal. Lib. I.

XVI. The Acid Tintture. It Stops Vomiting,
Itrengthens the Stomach , creates an Appetite,
and caufes a good Digeftion. It opens obftruftions
of the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, and expels the
Morbifick caufe of Fevers by Urine. It opens alfo
obftru&ions of the Lungs, and caufes free breathing -.
Dofe fo many Drops in Ale, Beer, or Wine, as to
make it gratefully Acid ^ and to, be repeated as often
as the Sick drinks, till the Difaffe&ion is removed.

XVII. Kota. Any of thel'e Herbs, (but chiefly
the firft of them) being laid inChefts among Cloaths
it keeps them from Moths ^ and from thence came
the Name of Moth-wort.

MOTHER of TIME, fee Time Wild, Chap.

CHAP. DIL

Of MOTHER - WORT.

I. Hp H E Names. I do not find that this Plant
JL was known to the Ancient Greeks , or
Latines : Our Moderns call it Cardiaca (from com-
forting and ttrengthning the Heart ) and might very
well be called Matricis Herba and Matricaria altera
(Bom its curing of Difeafes of the Womb : ) The
prime Matricaria , being that which we call Parthe-
non,, or Featberfew. And in Englifh we call it
Mother-wort , from its curing Fits of the Mother.

II. The Kinds. Moft of our Eotanifts have made
but one Species hereof, and a Angular Plant of its
Kind: But Mr. Ray has added many more, but
they being all Strangers to us, and not poflible to be
met withall here, we fhall wholly pafs them by.
That which welhall here Delcribe is Cardiaca vulga-
ris, or Matricaria altera , Our Common Mother-
wort. Thefe, viz. 2. Cardiaca Crifpa , Curled or
Crifped Mother- wort. 2. Cardiaca Americana annua
Nepeta folio , Annual American Mother-wort with
Nep or Cat-mint Leaves. 4. Cardiaca Americana
minor Nepeta folik , The lelfer American Mother-
wort with Nep or Cat-mint Leaves- Thefe 1 fay,
are the chief of thofe which he has added, befides
which he has enumerated about feven other Kinds,
all which being Foreign' ( as the Plants them-
felves are) to our defign , we fhall pafs them all
over.

T be Defcriptions.

III. Our Common Mother-wort has a flender Root
which fends forth and is compait of a great Number
of ( mall Fibres or long J, lender Strings , which are of
a dark yellowijh or brownifb color , taking Jjrong
hold in the Ground , and pcnfhes not , but well
abides the coldnefs of the Winter. From whence
rifes up a hard fquarc brownifb , rough, firong
Stalk , rifing to be fometimes three or four Feet
high , and f treading into many Brunches , on
which grow Leaves on each fide upon long foot
Stalks , two at every Joint , which are Jomcthing broad
and long , and as it were rough , or crumple d, with
many great V fins which Jhm thsmf elves therein , of a

9C 0 T9C G 9 0 &

fad green color ,' and deeply dented in about the edges .
and almojl torn or divided. From the middle of the
Branches up to the tops of them , which are very long
and fmall , grow the Flowers round about them at di-
fiances, infharp pointed , rough, hard Husks , which
are more purple or red , than in any of the Bawm’s^
or in any Hore-hound j but in the fame manner , form,
and rot/ghnefs ns thofe of the Hore-hound arc-, after
which come fmall , round , blackifb Seed in great,
plenty.

IV. Gerard has another kind of Defcription of
this Plant, which fomething better pleafes me, and it
is this. Its Root is com pad of many fmall Strings^
which fends forth a Stalk four J'quare , thick, hard,
and about two, Cubits high, of an obfeure , or over-
worn red color. The Leaves are fomewhat black like
thofe of Nettles^ but greater and broader than the
Leaves of Hore-hound, deeply indented, or cut in on
the edges. The Husks are hard and pricking , which
do encopipafs the Stalks like \Vl:arles, or little Coro-
nets, out of which grow purplijh Flowers , not unlike
to thofe of Dead-Nettles , but lejfer. The whole
Plant has a bitter Tafie and rank Smell.

V. The Places. It grows among Rubbilh and by
the Tides of Walls, and Hedges, and Banks of
Ditches, in many places beyond Sea.' And Parkin-
fon fays, he never knew or heard that it grew with
us any where but in Gardens where it had been once
Sown or Planted. But Gerard fays, that it joys only
in Rubbilh, Stony, and other Barren places „ and
has been found in lome places about Oxford'. 1 my
fell' in Travelling about England , have fometimes
found it growing Wild, in leveral places.

VI. The Tunes. It Flourifhes, Flowers, and
Seeds from June to September yielding a plentiful
quantity of Seed. The Root endures all Winter ,
though the Leaves and Stalks dye away and perifb.

VI I. 'The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the
fecond Degree, Abflerfive, Allringent, Diuretick,
Vulnerary, Cardiack, and Hyfterick.

VIII. The Specification, it prevails againit Faint-
ing£ and. Swoouings x as alfo fly.llerick. Fits , Con-

* vulfipoS

Chap. 503. Unglijb Herbs.

735

vulfions, Cramps, and Palfies, opens ObftruHions
eafes the Strangury, provokes Urine and the
Terms, and facilitates the Birch, in Women in

Labor.

IX. T be P reparations. Lou may make there-
from 1. 4 Liquid Juice or EJence of the Herb.
1. An Injufton or DecoSion of the fame. 3. A
Ponder thereof. 4. A Spirituous Tinttttre. 5. 4
Vijtillcd Water.

The Virtues.

X. T he Liquid Juice or EJJence. It may be given
from one Spoonful to three in a Glafs of Canary ,
or other Generous Wine, againll Faintings, Swoon-
ings ficknefs at Heart, Convulfions, Palfies, Lethar-
gies’ Wc. Given in Pennyroyal-Water , or in its own
Vi ft tiled Water, it is good aguinft Vapors and
Hyfterick Fits. Given in white Port or Lisbon
Wine, it facilitates the Birth of Women in Labor,
induces the Terms, provokes Urine, and gives eafe

Jiftbja altera eretta , The fecond or other upright
Moufe Ear. 4. Pilofella minima , The fmallell
Moufe Ear. y. Auricula Mans tertia Tragi, Aly-
ofotts Scorpioides hirfuta , Alfine Myofatis Lobe/it
(referring it to the kinds of Chick-weed') Blew
Moufe Ear with a turning top. 6. Myofatis Scorpi-
oides repens, Uelitropium minus alterum Csfalpini,
Small creeping blew Moufe Ear. 7. Pilofella Ame-
ricana, Pilofella Americana olorata , Pilofella Indicit
odorata. Sweet Indian or American Moufe Ear. 8.
Pilofella miner, Pilofella Mont anum, Pilofella minor
Jnontanum Flore albo & Flore purpnreo, Gnaphalium
Montanum Flore albo Cf purpuero ; The lelfer
Moufe Ear, or Mountain Moule Ear, With
white and purple Flowers, or Cats-Foot, of
Mountain Cudweed with white and purple Flow-
mu' 9- PHofe/la Rofea, Gnaphalium Rif am ,
the Kofe Moule Ear-, Rofe Cudweed, or Cotton
Hole.

The Defcriptions.

in the Strangury. .

XI. T he Infufion or VecoUion in Wine. It
has all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice or
E fence, hut much weaker, and may be given
Morning and Night, from four to fix or eight
Ounces, according to the condition of the Pa-

tlexil. The Pouder. The Pouder has all the former
Virtues and may be given from half a Dram to a
Dram,’ or Dram and half in a Glafs of Generous
Wine,’ Morning and Night: It cleanfes the Bread
and Lungs of cold Flegm, and caufes it to be
eafily expe&orated ; and kills Worms in the Stomach

and Belly. . .

XIII. T he Spirituous Tincture. Thisis muchmore
Cordial than any of the former Preparations, and
therefore more effeUual againll Difeales of the
Nerves, Heart, and Stomach; it warms and drys up
cold Humors, difperfes and digefts them in what
part of the Body foever, and gives prefent relief in
Cramps and Convulfions.

XIV. The Diftillcd Water. It has the Virtues of
the former Preparations, but in a weak Degree, and
is chiefly ufed as a Vehicle, to convey the former,
or other Preparations in relating to the fame
Difeafes.

. firft, or Our common fmall creeping

Moule Ear. Its Roots are fmall with fame Fibrous
firings, whence Jhoots forth a low creeping Herb ,
running upon the Ground, and Rooting with Jmall
J! rings from fever al Joints, almotl after the ntanerof
the Strawberry Plant : at or from which grow upon
the Ground many fmall : and fotnewbat Jhort Leaves
Jet m a round form together , hollowifh in the middle,

Qrttpuiy

CHAP. DILI.

Of MOUSE EAR.

1. Hr HE Names. This Plant is called in Greek ,

Muo<r«7«: in Latine , Pilofella , Myofotis , Lf
Auricula Alurts-, in Englijh , Moufe Ear. They are
called Pilofella from the hairinefs of their Leaves
and Stalks.

II. The Kinds. They are manifold, as, i. Pi-
lofella minor vulgaris repens-, Pilofella major repens
(fo called in reipeft to theeighrh Kind-J Uolcftium
Lacuna-, Our common fmall creeping Moufe Ear.

2. Polifella media vulgar k eretta i, Pilofella major quo-
rundam (fo called in refpeft: to the eighth Kind, as
aforefaid : ) LaQucelld Sylveftris repens Camerarij in
korto. Our common upright Moufe Ear. 3. Pilo-

vibere they are brOadeft , of
well above as below , and
broken do yield a white Mi/
among thefe Leaves
hoary Stalks , about a

over , as
which being
ruice. From
three fmall
with a few f mailer

a fa® f*

Leaves thereon. At the top of which Jland ufually
but one Flower , cOnfifling of many pale yellow Leaves ,
broad at the points , and a little dented in , fet in
3 or 4 rows , the greater outermofi , and the f mailer

inwards ?

Salmon s Herbal.

Lib. I.

inwards , very like a Dandelion Viewer, and. a little j
rediijh underneath. about the edges , especially if it
grows in a dry *and not moijl Ground , which after
they have flood long in flower , do turn into
Down which with the Seed is carried away with the
Wind!

IV. The fecond , or Our common upright
Moufe Bar. This is very like the former: the
chief difference between them conftfting in this ,
that the Leaves are longer and greener on the
upper fide, and fomewhat hoary underneath , Softer
in handling , and not fo much hairy ; the Stalks of
flowers {landing more upright and higher : this
Plant, if its Stalk or Leaf be broken, does give a
white ' or Milk-like Juice cut the former.

V. The third, or fecond, or other upright
Moufe Ear, which Gerard calls Pilofella major, or
great Moufe Ear. It hut a fmall, tough, and
fibrous Root, whence Jloet forth a few hoary and
hairy broad and long Leaves, lying upon the Ground ;
among which rifes up a fender hairy Stalk, bearing
lone and narrow Le lives thereon-, and at the top
tvfn or three fmall, pale, yellow flowers , like in
faff, on to the former , which turn into Down as

f^VE Gerdrd has this Defcription of it. Its Roots
arc hard , moody, and full of Strings. It has great
and large Leaves greater than the common (creep-
ing) Pilofella , or Moufe Ear, thick and full of
Subflanee. Die Stalks and Leaves arc hoary and
white with a filken Moffinefs in handling, and feel
foft cu Silk, V leaf ant and fair in View. It bears
three or four four Square Stalks fomewhat knotty
and about a Foot in height. The flowers come forth
at the tops of the Stalks, like unto the fmall Dan-
delion or Piffabed flowers , of a bright yellow

eC%f The fourth, or fmalleft Moufe Ear. This
is in all things like unto the fecond Kind, or Our
common upright Moufe Ear , before defenbei at
Sea IV. and is fmaller by half than the firft com-
mon Kind, both in Leaf and flower , but creeps not
by firings as that does.

III. The fifth , or Blew Moule Ear with a turn-
ing top. It has a fmall and thready Root, from
whence rifes up, ufually but one Stalk, (feldommy
more) which is round, hairy, and about half a lard
high or better-, at the bottom of which grow fome-
what long and broad baby Leaves, very like as
well for roughnefs, as for Jbape and color unto the
Wild Borage Leaves. The Stalk is Sometimes
Branched , and fometimes not, with feveral fuch like
Leaves, but growing lefier and leffcr thereon, as they
grow up to the tops of the flowers, which turn or
wind themfelves inward like unto a Scorpions Tail,
or the Herb Heliotropium : The flowers eonfifi of
five fmall Leaves apiece, which are round, and of
a pale blew color, very much refembling the flowers
of Buglofs, or Wild Borage, with a yellow fpot or
Eye in the middle , and ftand all on one fide of
the Stalk and Branches , after they are pafi, there
come in their places , fmall rough fiat heads, in
xobich the Seed is contained.

IX. The fixth, or Small creeping blew Moufe
Ear. This is very like the lafl Kind , but that it is
fmaller ; and moft commonly has fmaller Leaves and
flowers on the Branches, which do not ftand fo up-
right, but trail or creep more on the Ground. The
flowers alfo ftand not on one fide only, but on both,
and open by degrees. The turning tops, which are
like the lafl do grow up, and dilate themfelves -, and
the flowers are of a blew color , but fome of them
are more purple , with a yellow Eye in the mid-
dle.

X. The Jeventh, or Sweet Indian or American
Moufe Ear. This Plant has a fiejhy Root creeping
under Ground, not growing deep, with many f ibres
adjoining thereto -, jrom -whence ffoot forth feveral
fomewhat long Leaves , fet with very long Hairs.
The Hairy Stalk which rifes from them , grows to be
about half a foot high, at the top of which funds
feven or eight fair f lowers, like tbefe of our com-
mon Moule Ear, but of a deeper yellow or orange
color, fmelling very fwcet like Musk.

XI. The eighth , or Laffer Moufe Ear, or Moun-
tain Moufe Ear with white and purple Flowers,
or Cats-Foot. 1 las Moufe Ear may be accounted |c
certain Kind of Mountain Cudweed, or Cotton-
weed. Its Root is compofed of feveral fmall blackiff
f ibres. Threads or Strings, from which Spring
forth many fmall, white, woolly Leaves , lying upon
the Ground, fomewhat like unto the Leaves of the
fmall Moufe Ear, but fmaller than them, from
among which rifes up a fmall Stalk of about half a
foot high, be fet here and there with fame few Leaves-
at the top of which comes forth a Tuft of fmall
flowers , fet clofe together, in fome of a pure white
in others of a purple or reddijh color-, in fome of a pall
red or bluff, and in others of a white and purple mint
together. This Plant for its beauty is much com-
mended, but will Scarcely abide all Winter with us
in our Gardens, unlefs the Scafon is mild.

XII. The ninth, or Rofe Moufe Ear, Rofe Cud-
weed, or Cotton Rofe. Its Root is fmall, long and
Thready. And from the Janie Spring up fuch like
woolly Le lives its in the former, growing upon fmall
fhort Branches , fcarcc/y an Hand breadth high in
(hope Something like unto Daify Leaves, but leffer and
round pointed. At the top of every Stalk or Branch
fiands one flower, compofed of two rows of fmal)
while Leaves, laid open like a Star or Rofe, whence
came the Name, having a round Head in the middle
made of many yellow Threads or Thrums, which faf-
fing away, a fmall round Head rifes up , full of
fmall Seeds.

XIII. The Places. The firft and fecond grow
promifcuoufly on Ditch Banks, and fometimes in or
near to -Ditches, if they be dry as alfo on Sandy
Grounds, and untill’d places, which ly open to the
Air. The third is more rare, and but now and then
to be met with in England, but is more plentiful
in Germany. The fourth is found growing upon dry
barren Heaths, efpecially upon Hampftead Heath,
where it grows in fuch plenty, that one can hardly
fet a Foot but upon the Heads of it. The fifth
and fixth grow in dry and barren Grounds in many
places of our Land; the fifth Pirrkinfon found in
the back Clofe of formerly Sir John Tunftal his
Houfe near Croydon. The leventh, its Title or Name
[hews where it naturally grows, and whence it came
to us I have found much of. it jgrowing in the Con-
tinent of Florida. The eighth and ninth grow in
France and othern Southern Countries; but grow
alfo as well in the colder Countries-'of Germany, and
with us are only Nurft up in Gardens.

XIV. Die Times. The firft and third are Laid
by Gerard, to Flower in May and June : but the
firft feven, generally fpeaking, Flower in June and
July , and abide green all the Winter. The eighth
and ninth Flower very late, towards the latter end
of September ; fometimes they (hew not their beauty
at all with us, it is fo late.

XV. The Qualities. The firft feven are hot and
dry in the firft Degree-, Abfterfive, Aftringent, Con-
folidative, Diurerick, Traumatick or Vulnerary,
Pe&oral, Nephritick, and Hyfterick. The two
laft are faid to be cold and dry in the firft
Degree.

XVI. The

Chap. 503. 'Englijh Herbs . 7^7

XVI. T/;* Specification. It is powerful againlt
the yellow Jaundice, Stone and Gravel, Tortors
and gripings of the Bowels, the Dropfy, obftru&i
ens of the Spleen, itops the overflowing of the
Terms, or any Flux of Blood : is good agaihft
Coughs, a Phthifis, or Ulceration of the Lungs,
and Confumptions •, prevails againlt Quartan
Agues * cures Green Wounds, as alfo Ulcers in
any part of the Body. The firlt is what we in-
tend here, and next to that the lecond Kind, and
then the third.

XVII. ’The Preparations. Yod may have
.herefrom, 1. A Liquid Juice of the Herb. 2. An
Ejfence of the fame. 3. A Decotfion in Wine.
4. A Louder of the Herb. 5. A Syrup of the
Juice . 6. A Ba/fant or Ointment. 7. A Cala-
plafm of the Green Herb. 8. A Difi 'Hied
Water of the fame. 9. A Spirituous Tintiure.
ic. An Acid 'Tintiure. 11. An Oily Tincture.

The Virtues.

XVIII. The Liquid Juice of the Herb. It
may be taken from an Ounce to 2 or 3 Ounces,
Motning and Night, in a Glafs of fuch Wine as
is molt proper againlt the Difeafe it is given tor.
It is good againlt the yellow Jaundice, and cufes
the Difeafe tho’ of long continuance, but it is more
.poweiful in this cafe, if a quarter part of the
Black Tintiure of Mars be mixed With it. And it
a few Grains of Salt of Tartar is diffolved in it,
it is a fpecial remedy againlt the Stone and Gravel
and other Tartarous Matter bred in the Reins,
Ureters, and Bladder. And fo alfo given in the
Dc coition of Cent or y and Succory , it is f3 id to be
effectual againlt the Dropfy : and to eafe all Tor-
tors and Griping pains of the Bowels.

XIX. The E fie nee. It has all the Virtues of the
Liquid Juice , and may be taken from 1 Ounce to
2 in the fame manner. It contributes to the curing
of Green Wounds and Ulcers, inwardly taken, and

outwardly applyed , by way of Lotion. It gives
eafe in the Colick and Griping of the Guts, and is
of lingular ufe in curing a Diarrhea, Dyfenteria,

uia* uxw 11* VU1U10 a i^iauuaa, uy igiiigi ia,

Lienteria, and Hepatick Flux. It Hops Fluxes of
Blood either at Mouth or Nofe , as alfo pilling
Blood, and the overflowing of the Terms in Wo-
men. Taken to 4 Ounces or more, before the Fit
of a Quartan Ague, it keeps the Fit Back, and lef-
fens it, and by the conftant ufe of it for fome
time, it takes it quite away and cures it.

XX. T be Decoction in Wine. It has all the
Virtues of the Juice and Ejjence , and may be
given from 4 to 8 Ounces, lweetned with theS^-
rup of the fame Plant : outwardly applyed , it is
an incomparable thing to cleanfe, incarnate, dry,
and heal up old Ulcers : The Pouder of the dry
herb being fttewed upon the fame, after walhing
with it.

XXI. The Pouder of the Herb. It has the Virtues
of the Juice and Ejfence , and may be given from
half a Dram to aDramanda half in Syrup of
the fame, and that Morning and Night. It is faid
to cure the Pain of the Stomach, tho’ never fo
Inveterate, to flop Vomiting, and to Itrength-
en it.

XXII. The Syrup of the Juice. Being made
with double refined Sugar, or Clarified Honeys it
Is an excellent thing againlt Coughs, Colds, Hoarfe-
nefs, Wheezing, Althma’s, Phthificksor Ulcerati-
ons of the Lungs; and indeed is prevalent dgainlt a
Tabei , Pining, or Confumption of the whole
Body, and moii other Dittempeis of the' Lungs,

and Thorax or Bred; it is alfo faid to be good
againft Ruptures or Burftennels : Dofe two or three
Spoonfuls Morning and Night, in i Glafs of Scyp-
vvrtrS orocher proper Vehicle.

XXI 1. The Hal] am or Ointment. They cure
Ample Green Wounds at die firlt Intention; digelt,
cleanfe, incarnate, drv and heal old running Sores!
and putrid, or eating Ulcers, (r gives eale in thd

parrs affcQedhCI Pj'nS’ bd“g d“Iy Jppl>'ed t0 the
XXII. The Cataplafm of the green Herb.
e ng laid to any fimple Green Wound, it quickly

2iitreS,trLipS,'hereof: it alfo >s prevalent
g nit Ample Contufions , and either prevents or
diicufles the Tumor, if any arifes, and reduces it to
Its natural color.

C PlPOlil Water. It is available a-

gamlt all the Difeafes afore named, in the Juice,
‘jf”"' Pouder , Decoffion, or Syrup , but mull be
giten in much greater Dofe, as to 8 Ounces or more,
fweemed with the Syrup : and if a little of the
Spirituous Tincture is added to it, it will heal
Sores and W ounds which ate outward, being wafh-
ed therew ith, and Tents, or Cloths wet therein be-
ing applyed.

XXVI. The Spirituous Tinblure. It takes away
the pain of the Stohuch, eafes the Belly ach, and
llrengthens all the Viicera: If mixed with thePm-
I? th.e thicknefsof a Cataplafm , and applyed,
t is lingular good to flay the Malignity of fp-ead!
mg, fretting, or eating Cankets, Sores, and Ulcers

aS "if in the Mouth> as in 'lie lecret
pares or Men or Women.

XXVII. The Acid TmCture. It is good againft
the Plague, and all forts of Burning and Malign
Fevers: It quenches Third, flops Vomitiil,
llrengthens the Stomach, caulesa good Appetite

Bodwekr°nhg ?,gdtion’and kiUs WotmsPfn the
Bowels whether in old or young. Dofe 40

XPYVrr[im™ mnry $‘nS the Pjtient drinks.
XXV III. The Oily Tmtture. It is prevalent

againft the yellow Jaundice, the Cholick, Gripings
ot the Guts, the Stone, Sand, Gravel, and Tat-
tarous Humors in the Rems Ureters and Bladder,
and prevails dgainft Convulfions, and the Pallie
and is a potent thing to give prefent eafe in the
Strangury. Dofe Item 20 to 60 Diups, Morning
and$ght 1T a G,afs of Wime Port Wine. 3
, , ,X- Ao,Ji The Juice of Aloufe Ear , is faid

to be fo Dowerful to harden Iron or Steel, that if

any edged or pointed Tool, (hall be often quenched
therein, that it will cut all other Iron, S'eel or
point VCly wuhout turning the edge of

CHAP. t)IV.

op m o u s Tail.

T HE bJames; is called in Greek, tibi.ee

Lift™0"? if Ratine, Cauda Maris,

Ho. oft earn Lomcen , Ho/cfteo ajfinis Cauda Marie
Bauhinii Coronopus Sylheftris Tragi ; Aiyotcuros
cpuorundamim EnghJh, Mouje Tail.

hwdA is a finSular Plant of its Kind,
but enumerated both by Bauhinus , Lomcerus, and
Parkin/on, among the Holofiea, becaule it is, as
they fay, zn Tafte and Property like them:

5 B The

738

Salmon s Herbal.

The Defer ipt ions.

III. It has a finally bnjhy , Fibrous Root , from
whence fpring up jiiany fmall grajfy Leaves ( for
which reafon it might have been placed, as well among
the Grafles) which Leaves are very Jbort , rough
and hard : from among which fpring up fever al
fmall , fender Stalks , with fmall, long, blackijh
green , f piked Heads, like unto a fmall Plantain

'flCoufe fad-

too hot and unfeafonable, it is fometimes found in
June.

VII. The Qualities. It is cold and dry in the
firft Degree : and of an Aftringent or Binding qua-
lity : much of the nature of Plantain.

VIII. The Specification. Country People apply
it for the flopping of Hemorrhages, whether of
the Nofe or Wounds, and find it a very excellent
thing.

IX. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, T. A Juice or EJfence. 2. A Dec oil ion
in JVine. 3. A Louder of the Herb and its
Heads.

The Virtues .

X. The Juice or EJfence. Syringed up the
Noftrils it flops an Hemorrhage, or Bleeding at the
Nofe : and given inwardly from a Spoonful to two
Spoonfuls, it ftopsany inward Bleeding, Spi'iing 01
Vomiting, Pilling Blood or the Bloody Flux: it
may be given in Alicant, or fome ftrong Bodied
Styptick Wine.

XI. The Decotfion in Wine. It has the fame
Vertues, but much weaker, and may be given
Morning, Noon, and Night, from 4 to 8 Ounces,
fweetned with Syrup of Comfrey.

XII. The Louder. Blown up the Noftrils thro’
a Quill, it is faid to flop the Bleeding of the Nofe :
given inwardly in Styptick Red Wine from a Dram
to two Drams, it performs all that the Juice and
EJfence will do: Applyed outwardly upon Bleeding
Wounds it flops the Hemorrhage ^ and being made
into a ftiff Cataplafm with the Juice or EJfence ,
it fecures them againft their future bleeding.

CHAP. DV.

Of M U G W O It T.

Head, but f mailer , having white Flowers on them,
which quickly fade and fall away -, after which there-
is found very fmall blackijh Seed in the long Heads ,
which then in fome are a little crooked, and in
others ftraight , refembling a Moufe Tail, from
whence it took its Denomination or Name.

IV. Gerard thus deferibes it. It has a fmdll and
thready Root , from whence fpring up many fmall
grajfy Leaves fpread on the Ground , an Inch long ,
or Jomewbat more : among which does rife up fmall
tender naked Stalks , about two Inches long, bearing
at their lops, a little blackijh Torch , or f piked
Knob, in Shape like that of the Plantains, refem-
bling very notably the Tail of a Moufe.

V. The Places. It grows in many fertile Paftures
and Medows, asalfoondry Banks, and by the Path
fides in many places of England. It has been found
growing upon a barren Ditch Bank, near unto a Gate
leading into a Pafture, on the right Hand of the
Way, going from London to Hamftead : and in a
Field as you> go from Edmonton in' Hartford-Jbire,
unto a Houfe near to it, called Pirns, by the Foot
Path fides. Alfo in Woodford Row in Waltham
Forreft , and in feveral places in EJfex, and other
parts of the Kingdom.

VI. The Times, k Flowers often in April, and
isalmolt gone in May -7 but if the Weather is not

TH E Names. It is called in Greek, 'Apruuolct :
in Latino , Artemifia ( from Artemifia the
Wife of Mai Joins King of Cana:) formerly it
was called Par then is, quafi, VirginalU , i. e. Maiden-
wort : and as Apuleius fays, was alfo called Partbe-
nium, which is indeed the proper Name of another
Plant, viz. Fetherfew. But fome think the Name
came" from (one of the Names of Diana)

becaufe it is chiefly applyed to Womens Difeafes:
and in Englijh, it is called only. Mug-wort.

II. The Kinds. There are four Species of this
Plant, ufual with us, viz. i. Artemifia vulgaris ,
called by fome Mater Herb ar urn , Our common
Mugwort: and this is common almoft in all
Countries. 2. Artemifia minor. The leffer or fmall
Mugwort. 3. Artemifia Montana, Artemifia tenui-
folia Montana, Fine Mountain Mugwort. 4. Arte-
mifia Virginiana, Virginian Mugwort.

T he Defer ipt ions.

Hi The firft , or Our Common Mugwort, hem
a Root which is long and hard, with many fmall
Fibres growing from it, whereby it takes firm hold

Chap. 505. ‘Enghjh Herbs.

739

in the Ground $ but both Leitf and Stalk dye and
per ijh every Tear, the Root remaining all AV inter,
and Jhooting out Anew the next Spring. From this
Root fpring forth divers Leaves , lying upon the
Ground , very much divided or cut in deeply about
the edges. Something like unto AVoimwood, but

I and the whole Plant very much refemb/es it, in its
divided Leaves : but it rifes up Something higher ,
and Spreads it felf larger out , and its jagged
or deeply cut Leaves are fomewhat bigger.

VII. The Places. The firft grows plentifully
throughout all England, as well as in other
Countries by the Way fides, by Ditch fides,, on
Banks alfo, and by Brook fides, or Water courfes,
almoft in an infinite number of places * as alfo in
the borders of Fields. The fecond is alfo found in
fome of thofe places but not fo frequently. The
other two are only Nurft up with us in Gardens.
The laft according to its Title or Name grows
very plentifully in Virginia , and other parts of
Florida.

VIII. The Times. They all Flower and Seed
in Jyly and Auguft , or in the end of Sum-
mer.

IX. The Vitalities. Mugwort is hot and dry in
the fecond Degree. Aperitve, Abfterfive, Aftrin-
gent, Anodyn, Diuretick , Difculfive, Nephritick,
Hylterick, and Emmenagogick.

X. The Specification. It is prevalent againft
Vapors and Fits of the Mother: it powerfully
provokes the Terms, brings away both Birth and
After-Birth , and expels the Dead Child • it is
good againft the Palfie, as alfo Cramps and Con-
vulfions j it cures the Strangury, as alfo the Poy-
fon of the Black Poppy, or the over-much taking
of Opium.

XI. The Preparations. You may have here-
from , 1. A Liquid Juice of the Herb. 2. An
Effence of the jamc. 3. An Infufion or DecoSion.
4. A Ponder. 5. A Balfam or Ointment. 6. A
Cataplafm. 7. A PeJJary , made of the Root , or of
the Juice. 8. A Diftilled Water. 9. A Spirituous
Tinfture. 10. An Acid Tinfture. 11. An Oily
T inti are.

much larger, of a fad or dark green color oh th'e
upper fide, and of a very hoary white underneath.
The Stalks, (which grow in fome to be purplifh,
and in fome to be deeper colored ) rife to be
fometintes three, four , or five Feet high, on which
grow fuch like Leaves as thofe below, but Something
Smaller, Branching forth very much towards the top,
on which grow very fmall, pale , yellowijh Flowers
like Buttons, which fall away, after which comes
fmall Seed, inclofed in fmall round Heads. The
whole Plant has a reafonable good fmell, and is
more eafily propagated by fiips , than by the
Seed.

IV. The fecond, or Lelfer, or fmall Mugwort.
It has a Root much like the former, but leffer, from
whence Spring forth Leaves like unto the former al-
fo, (the whole Plant being like it) which Leaves
are divided or cut in on both fides, as that*, green
on the upper fide, and whitifh underneath, but much
Smaller than they. The Stalk likewife, ( for many
times it has but one) rifes up, not fo high, nor is fo
great, but bears like Flowers , yet paler ■, the fmell
of the whole Plant is like the other.

V. The third, or Fine Mountain Mugwort. It
has a Root which is long and black. Spreading it felf
in the Ground ■, from whence Springs up a Plant 5
not ?nuch unlike the former, having fever al Square
brownifh Stalks , or Branches, about a Foot and
half high, on which do grow fuch like Leaves al-
moft for form, but longer, narrower, and much
more crumpled or jagged on the edges. The Flowers
are fmall and pale , like the aforegoing, and
the fmell of the whole Plant differs very little.

VI. The fourth, or Virginian Mugwort. It
has a Root much like the Common Englifh Kind, ,

T be Virtues.

XII. The Liquid Juice of the Herb. Being
taken every Morning Falling, and every Night at
Bed time, from two Spoonfuls to four, in a Glafs
of White Port, or Lisbon Wine, or in Madera.
AVine, it provokes the Terms powerfully, and
facilitates the Birth of Women in Labor, bringing
away the After-Birth, and caufing a due cleanfing.
It is good to expel a Mola, when the Woman has
gone beyond her Time ^ as alfo the Child when it
is Dead. It fupprelfes Vapours, being duly taken 5
and I have cured Hyfterick Fits with it to admira-
tion -, but then in thefe two laft cafes, it ought to be
given in its own Till Hied Water, or in fair Spring
Water.

XIII. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the
Liquid Juice, but more Powerful, and more Sto-
matick : it opens all obftruftions not only of the
AVomb, but alfo of the Reins, Ureters and Blad-
der, provokes Urine admirably, gives eafe in the
Strangury , and expels fmall Stones, Sand , Gra-
vel, and other Mucilaginous or Tartarous Mat-
ter from thofe Parts : it ary one is poyfoned with
the Juice of the Black Poppy, or li3S taken too large
a Dofe of Opium, this is laid to be a prefent remedy.
Dofe from one Spoonful to four, in a Glafs of
Cenerous Wine.

XIV. The Infufion or Deco ft ion in Wine. They
have all the Vittues of the Juice or Effence, but
muft be given in larger proportion , as from 4
to 6 or 8 Ounces Morning and Nighr : and it
may be fweetned or made pleafant with double
refined Sugar. If the Decoftion is made in Water,

5 B 2 it

Salmon’ s

it may ferve as a Bath for Women to fit in, or to
fit over its fumes, it loofens the Womb, opens the
obftruftion thereof, and caufes the Courfes to come
down, and alfo facilitates the Birth : and if fat in,
as a Bath, it not only opens the obllruHions of
the Womb , but alfo takes away the Inflamation
thereof, if any be. If the Decoflion is made with
the addition of Agrimony and Cammil , whether in
Wine or Water, it has an Anodyn power and qua-
lity, for if any part which is pained, if the Nerves
are hurt, or are troubled with the Cramp, and they
be bathed and fomented herewith , as hot as it
can well be endured, it gives prefent eafe and
relief.

XV. The HouHcr of the Herb. It has the Virtues
of the Juice, EJfcnce and Decoflion , and may be
given from 2 Scruples to 2 Drams in Generous Wine,
or other proper Vehicle. If it is given to # three
Drams in Wine, Authors fay, it is the belt, and
a certain help for the Sciatica. But I fuppofe it
ought to. be given Morning and Evening, with a
Continuando for fifteen or twenty days-, taking
now and then, a / proper Purge between whiles.
When it is to be given in fo large a quantity, it
ought to be given in a Mefs of hot Water
Gruel , or Mutton Broth , or in three or four
Spoonfuls or more, of Syrup of Clove Gilliflowers ,
or of Violets .

XVI. The Balfam or Ointment. They cure
Green Wounds excellently well: they being ap-
ply ed to Wens, or Gums, or hard Knots, or Ker-
nels which happen about the Neck and Throat, it
eafes their pains and takes them away ^ and they
are faid to be more effe&ual, if fome Yield Daifcs
be added to the Compofition •. I am fure, they will
be then the better for the curing of Wounds and
Ulcers.

XVII. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Green
Herb, and is of good ufe to diflipate the Fluxion,
and cure a fimple Contufion. And if it is applyed
to the Joints and Limbs of fuch as are very much
wearied with Travelling, it eafes and gives them
much relief, as Pliny fays : and that they fhall feel
no wearynefs, in their Journying.

XVIII. The Peffary. It is made either of the
Raw Root , either whole, or beaten into a Mafs in a
Mortar : or of the Juice , mixed with fine Pouder
of Myrrh , enough to bring it into a Body, of fuch a
confittence as may be formed into a PeJJary. Being
put up the Womb, it induces the Terms which
have been ftopt-, and if a Woman is at the time of
her Labour, it facilitates the Birth, and afterwards
brings away the After-Birth.

XIX. The Diflilled Water. Tho’ poftibly it
has the Virtues of the Juice, Ejfence , DecoUion,
and Pouder ; yet it is weak in its Operation ,
and may be given ( fweetned with Syrup of
Violets ) to half a Pint or more : but it is
chiefly ufed as a Vehicle, to convey the other
Preparations in.

XX. T heSpirituous Tinclure. It is of excellent
ufe to be given to Women in Labor to facilitate
the Birth, as alfo after Delivery, to prevent After
Pains, and to caufe a full and compleat cleanfing,
for the want of which thing a great many Women
fulfer much, incur many Weaknetfes and Diftem-
pers, and are many times ruined by ir. It is good
alfo, againft the Colick, as alfo Tortious and
Gripings of the Bowels. Dofe 2 or 3 Drams at a
time in a Glafs of Wine.

XXI. The Acid Tintture. It prevails powerful-
ly againft the Poyfon and Malignity of Poppies
and Opium: rectifies the Stomach, flops Vomiting,
and caufes a good digeftion. It allays Vapors,
opens all forts of Qbttru&ions of the Bowels, and

Herbal Lib. I.

cures the Rickets in Children: It likewife
cleanfes the Reins and Bladder of Tartarous
Mucilage. Dofe from twenty to fixty Drops
or more, according to the quantity of the Ve-
hicle it is taken in : it may Ire given in Canary ,
or other Generous fort of Wine, two, three, or
four times a day.

XXII. The Oily TinUure . If it is inwardly
given from half a Dram to two Drams, it gives
prefent eafe in the Colick, and Gripings of the
Guts, as alfo in the Strangury, powerfully pro-
vokes Urine, and cleanfes the Urinary parts of all
kinds of Heterogeneous Matter : is good againft
Fits of the Mother, and many times cures the Palfie
(if not in old People) as alfo inward Convulfions
of the Stomach and Bowels. In the Palfie, it
ought to be Anointed alfo outwardly Morning and
Night on the Back Bone from the Vertebra of the
Neck, to the Anus almoft: Anointed likewife up-
on the part affiifted with the Sciatica , it has
been found to give eafe j and many times a cure.

CHAP. DVI.

Of MUGWORT Sea.

I- ' | ' H E Names. It is called in Greek, 'A?tv
X Uh-ltrcia. ; Jn Latine , A/ temifia Marina :
and in Englijh, Sea Mugwort.

II. The Kinds. It is a fingular Plant of its own
Kind: but is thought by fome good Authors to be
a Species of the Mugworts , and therefore being
a Sea Plant they called it Art emifia Marina, as Ge-
rard: and Art emifia folio Lavendu/a , as Clufus,
becaufe it has a kind of Lavender like Leaf - Lobe l
and Tabernamontanus call'd it alfo Artemi ft Ma-
rina: Others taking it to be a Species of Worm-
wood, of the Sea Kinds, have call’d it, Abfnthium
Marinum latifolium, as Camerarius, and he thinks
it to be fo : Dodomus calls it Abfnthium Angufti -
folium, viz. Narrow Leaved Wormwood, and nar-
row Leav’d it may well be thought, in refpeU to
the Common Wormwood. But Parkinfon calls it,
Abfnthium Maritimum LavenduH folio , Lavender
Leav’d Sea Wormwood.

The Defcriptions ,

III. Gerard thus Defcribes it. It hat a woody
Root, from whence rife up many Branches , funding
upright in difances one from another jf an afhie color,
befet with Leaves not much unlike to thofe of Sea
Purflane: thefe Leaves arc of two forts, for fome
of them are long and narrow, like thofe of Lavender,
whence Clufius called it Artemifia folio Lavendulce,
otherfome are cut in or divided, almoft to the middle
Rib ■, about the lower parts of the Stalks, and to-
wards the Tops of the Branches , they are narrower
and leffer, and cut with great and deep jaggs , thick
in Subfiance, and of a wbitijh color , as all the ref
of t he Plant is. The f lowers are many and yellow >
which fading away , there follows Molfie Seed like
unto that of Our Common Wormwood. It yields
a pleafant Smell like unto Abrotanum Marinum,
and in Tafc is fome what Salt if) or Brackifh. [As
to the Tafc l fear that Gerard is a little out -, I have

fome -

Chap. 507.

X V Q 0 9f <r

Sometimes tafied of it , but could obferue no fucb
Saltifhnefs yet for all that 1 know of it , the Tafte
may vary, according to the differing places in which
it may grow. ]

IV. Parkinfon Defcribes it thus. It jhoots forth
many Jlender , weak , woody , and brittle Stalks ,
bending a little downwards , whereon do grow divers
hoary, white , long heaves, fomewhat broader than
Lavender Leaves , having fometimes fome cuts or
divifons at the Bottoms of them , which are but fel-
dom feen , and in a very few of the lowefl next
the Ground.’ T hofe which are fet on the Stalks
are f mailer , and fometimes are cut or divided
at the ends , of a reafonable weak J cent , be-
tween Lavender and Southernwood , and of an
imp leafing tafe. The Flowers grow after the
fame manner of thofe of the Common Worm-
wood, and of a yellow color ; and the Seed is not
■tinlike thereto alfo.

V . The Places. It grows about the Sea Coafts,
as on thole of the Venetian Gulph , and likewife
in the Ifland of Ohio. It has been found growing
alfo about Rye in Sujfex , and Winchelfea Caftle
and at Portfmouth , in the lfe of White, as Gerard
lays.

VI. The Times. It Flowers in July and Auguft,
or towards the latter end of Summer, in which
time it perfects its Seed.

VII. The Vitalities, Specifications, Preparations
and Vertues, are faid to be the fame with thofe
of the Common Mugwort, in the former Chap-
ter, and thither we refer yon. Some will have it to
be of the nature of the Common Wormwood, but
that it can fcarcely be, becaufe it wants much of
that bitternefs , Aftringent , and Stomatick pro-
perty.

MQ fie Parfky Mountain, Chap.
MUGWET, fee Woodroot, Chap.

NUGGET Petty, is Ladies Bed-Straw, Chap. 419.
MULES FERN, fee Harts Teague Baftard , C. 540

CHAP. DVII.

Of MULLEIN Common,

OR,

H I G T A P E R.

THE hemes. It is calfcd mGreek, tojfa©-,
from Vro, to Burn ; and
Flamma a Flame,, for that it ferved as a Wick to
put into Lamps to burn, from whence fome of the
Latiaes called it Candela regia , and Candelaria,
becaufe m the Ancient times, they ufed to dip
the Stalks hereof in Suet , Tallow , or Wax
to make Candles, Tapers, or Torches of. It
is called alfo in Latine , Thapfus , Thlapfus ,
Lapfus barbatus , Verbefcum, and Lanaria : and
in Enghjh Mullein, Higtaper or High Taper be-
caufe it was ufed fometimes as a Taper or Torch
at Funerals.

y-J1’1 rinds. There are three Principal Kinds
or mis Plant, viz. I. Verbafcum vulgare , five
lapfus barbatus communis, our Common Mullein,
of which in this Chapter. II. Verbafcum Nothum
lapfus Nothus, Baftard Mullein, or Bafe Mullein
of which in Chap. J08. III. B/attaria, Moth
Mullein, of which in Chap. 5:09. following.

III. The Kinds of the Common Mullein. There
"A I. Verbafium Mas, Verbafcum Mas Latifolium,
I erbafeum album vulgare -, Tapfus barbatus commu-
nis, our Common white Mullein , which is the
Male white Mullein. 2. Verbafcum Famine Lo-
be//)-, Verbafcum album Famina ■, Verbafcum fohis
longioribus Mas quor undam-, Fhlomos alter Lobelii -
Verbafcum Lychnit e Matthioli-, Verbafcum Candidum
Mas Fuchfij 5 Verbafcum album Famine Gjtfneri v
Verbafcum auguftius Dodonei, our white Mullein
with long Leaves, Female white Mullein. 5. Ver-
bafcum Famine florc albo vel pal/ido ; Tapfus barbatus
maximus oioratus meriiionalium flare albo Sweet
white Mullein.

the Pefcriptio/ir.

IV. The firft , <P Our Common white Mullein
which is the Male white Mullein. ItsRoot is long ’
white, and woody, perijhing every Tear after it has
born its Seed : from whence fpring up many fair
Huge, white, woolly Leaves, lying next the Ground
fomething longer than broad, pointed at the ends'
and as it were dented about the edges : the Stalk
rifes up to be four or five Feet high, covered over
with Jucb wooly Leaves as the lowefl , but leffer -,
fo that no Stalk can be feen, for the multitude 0}
Leaves thereon, up to the Flowers, which come forth
on all fides of the Stalk, without any Branches for
the mojl part, and are many fet together in a long
Spike ; in Jome of a gold yellow color , in others

4. I

lljl |J

I

1 1

WVJH&'fW Common Wale.

■more paler, con fifing of Jive pointed Leaves-, which
afterwards give fmall round Heads, which contain
within them fmall brownifh Seed.

V. The fecond, or Our white Mullein with
long Leaves, which is the Female white Mullein.
Its Root is fomewhat long, thick and hard, but not
woody , with fever al long fibres adjoining thereto,
from whence rife up many thick, white , woolly

Leaves, lying upon the Ground , like unto the Cona-
tion Male white Mullein in the former Settion ,
but that they "are fomewhat narrower, and thereby
fecming longer : from among which, fprings up, a
round, hard, woolly Stalk, about three feet high,
fct with the like Leaves, asthofe which grow below ,
but f mailer unto the middle thereof, where it begins
to give Flowers and in fome FI ants and P laces, to
divide it felf into Branches, whereon grow many
Flowers , Standing round about the Stalks or
Branches, thick Jet together confifling every one of
five round pointed Leaves, of a whitifh color , and
in fome Plants and Places more yellow, with a few
yellow Threads in the middle which being pajl away,
round, hard. Seed Veffels come in their places, very
like unto the Seed Veffels of Fox- Gloves, or Finger
blowers, but not fo long, in which is contained very
fmall and brownijh Seed.

VI. The third, or Sweet white Mullein. It
has a Root like the former , from which fpring up
white, hoary, and woolly Leaves, like the other,
but longer , narower, and more indented about
the edges , and not fo many grouing below on the
Ground. The Stalk is woolly, and rifes higher
than the former, having greater Flowers growing
at the tops, much f wee ter alfo than it, and of a
white color , wherein fometimes fome reddifh lines
are to be Jeen: in other particulars , it differs not
from the former.

VII. The Places. The firft grows plentifully in
Florida in the IVeJf-Jndies, and 1 faw it grow in
great plenty in the Southern Carolina. It grows by
Way fides and in Lanes, as alfo in the borders of
Fields and Failures, Ploughed Fields, Cawlies, and
in dry fandy Ditch Banks, and other untilled places
in molt parts of England. The two laft grow alfo
in many places in England, but not fo univerfally
and plentifully as the firlt.

VIII. The Times . They all Flower about July,
and from July to September, and bring forth Seed,
the fecond year after their Sowing.

IX. The Vitalities. Mullein is Temperate in
refpefl to heat or cold, and -dry in the firlt Degree :
Aperitive, Aftringent, Pectoral, Hylterick, and
Nephritick.

X. The Specification. It prevails againft
Coughs, Colds, Obltru&ions of the Lungs,
Althma’s, Fluxes of the Bowels, the Strangury;
cures Agues and the Piles, and gives eafe in pains
of the Gout.

XI. The Preparations. They are manifold, as,

i. A Liquid Juice or E /fence of the Herb. 2. A

DccoJion in Wine or Water of the fame. 3. A
compound Decoction. 4. A Ponder of the Roots*
5. A Ponder of the Flowers. 6. A Fume. 7. Tap-
fimcl. 8. Tapfroa/entia. 9. An Infolated or De-
coded Oil. ic. AnOintment of the Flowers. 1 1.
A Cataplafm. 12. AD filled Water. 19. A Spi-
rituous Tintturc. 14 .An Oily Tintfure.

'the Virtues.

XII. The Juice or Ejfcncc. Taken from a Spoon-
ful to three Spoonfuls in a Itrong 'Bodied or Styp-
tick red Wine, it cures Diarrhea’s, Dyfenteria’s,
Lienteria’s, and the Heparick Flux; and is good
againtt a Rupture or Burftennefs .- they cure Ca-
tarrhs, and Defiuxions of Rheum upon the Lungs;
and ufed as a Gargle, heal a lore Mouth and
Throat. And being drunk Morning and Night for
30 Days together, it cures the Gout. The Juice or
E/fence of the Roots, made before it Lears a Stalk, and
taken in a draught of Aluskadine, for three or four

times

Chape 507.

'j*.

743

limes or oftner,an hour. before the coming of the Fit
of a Quartan Ague, will certainly cure it. The
Juice of the Leaves and Flowers being put upon
rough Warts, and rubbed on, quickly takes them
away, as Mat thiol us fays, but does no good to thofe
which arc fmooth.

XIII. The Decofliofi in Wine dr Water. It is pro-
fitable for thole which are Burlten, and for fuch as
have Cramps and Convulfions, and likewife for fuch
as are troubled with an old Cough. Being ufed as
a Gargle, it eafes the Tooth-ach. The Dccoflion of
the Root in Red Wine or Water, is good againft an
Ague, as alfo the Bloody Flux, more efpecially, if
Gads of red hot Steel or Iron has been often
quenched therein. The fame opens obftruftions of
the Reins and Bladder, and is good againft the
Strangury. It is of great force to diffolve Tumors
or Swellings, and Inflamations of the Throat.
The Decoflion of the Herb in Water , Country Peo-
ple give to their Cartel, when troubled with a
Cough, or by reafon of a Loofenefs of the Bowels
have a falling out of this InteJUnum re [him or
Fundament.

XIV. The Compound Decoflion. Take Leaves of
Mullein two parts, Camomil Flowers, Marjoram,
Sage, of each one part , make of all thcfe a Decofli-
on in Wine. With this bathe Morning and Night
where the Veins are Swoln, or the Nerves are con-
trafled, or where the Cramp commonly afflifls, it
gives relief, eale and comfort.

XV. The Ponder of the Roots. Given to a Dram
in a ltrong or Stiptick red Wine, Morning and
Night, it Hops all forts of Fluxes of the Belly.
If it is rubbed often on rough Warts, it will take
them away in a fhort time, but it does no good to
fuch as are fmooth, as was faid before of the
Juice.

XVI. The Ponder of the Flowers. It is an efpe-
cial remedy, for fuch as are affli&ed with Belly-
aches, and fuch as are troubled with the Colick,
rho’ periodical. It may be given from a Dram to
a Dram and half, Morning and Night, in any pro-
per Vehicle.

XVII. The fume. Take Seeds and Flowers dry-
ed of Mullein, of each three parts ; white Rofin
two parts .; Camomil Flowers, and Caraway Seeds
of each one part-, mix them, and put them upon live
Coals in a Chafing Difh , or fome Earthen Pan , and
fet it in a Glofe-Stool, and let the perfon who is
troubled with the Hemorrhoides or Piles, or
falling down of the Fundament, fit over it, to re-
ceive the Fumes up the Body -, it gives much eafe
and relief; and is alfo very profitable for fuch as
are troubled with a Tenafmus, which is a defire to
go often to Stool, and can do nothing.

XVIII. Tapfimel, Hony of Mullein. Take Juice
of Male Mullein , Juice of Celandine , of each
one part-. Clarified Hony, two parts-, boil them
by Degrees , till the Juices are confuted -,
adding (if the Phyfician fhall fo preferibe )
Vitriol and Alum burnt, a fujficient quantity •
Ink enough to make a thin Body that they mix
well ; boil again to a confifience of an Ointment ac-
cording to Art. The fimple Tapfimel (without the
Vitriol, Alum , and Ink) being taken three times a
Day, an Ounce or Ounce and half at a time flops
Catarrhs powerfully, and is good againft the
Falling-Sicknefs. That with the Vitriol \ Alum,
and Ink, is good to cleanfe old Sores, Ulcers,
Fiftula’s, take away a Calous, and confume proud
and dead Flefh.

XIX. Tapfivalentia, an Ointment containing the
Powers, Force, or Strength of Mullein. Take
Juice of Mullein, Hogs Lard, of each equal quan-
tities \ mix and beat or grind them together in a

Stonc- AXortar keep it in a convenient VeJJel nine
or ten days, then beat it well twice , once more with
jrefh Juice,, until it be green , and another, time
ivithout Juice, firft cafling aviay what is thin and
d If colored, then keep it clofe covered for ufc. It
foftens hard Tumors, and eafes their pain; anointed
on the Belly , it flops a Loofenefs and a Bloody
Flux; fo alfo given in a Clyfter. Anointed on the
Crown of the Head and Sutures,, as alfo on the
Nape of the Neck and Stomack, it Stops Ca-
tarrhs, and is an excellent thing againft Coughs
of the Lungs. And it has been found by
experience to cure the Hemorrhoids or Piles.

XX. The Infolatcd or Deccfled Oil. It is made
by an Infufion or Deeoflion of the Flowers in pure
Oil Olive, often repeated. It is very powerful
againft the Hemorrhoides or Plies, being often
anointed on the part affeUed.

XXI. The Ointment. It is made of the bruifed
Flowers, the To Ik of an Egg, Juice of Leeks, and
Crumbs of white Bread, beaten together into the
form of an Ointment. Applyed to the Piles when
they fwell, and their pains are moft vehement, it
gives wonderful eafe upon the fpor, and in a fhort
time cures them.

XXII. The Cataplafm. 1. Made of the Leaves
and Seed boiled in Wine, and laid upon any Difio-
cation , after it is fet, it eafes all the Pains and
difeuftes the Swelling. 2. Made of the Leaves and
Tops of the Lefter white Mullein boiled in Water,
and applyed to the Gout, it gives wonderful eafe,
and difeuftes the Tumor. 3. Made of the green
Leaves beaten in a Mortar, and applyed or bound
to a Horfe Foot, which is very much pricked with
a Nail, or Thorn, or Splinter , it eafes- the Pain,
and heals it in a fhort time.

XXIII. The Di filled Water of the Flowers.
Taken to 3 Ounces at a time or more. Morning
and Night for fome days together, it is faid that
there is not a better remedy found out for the hot
Gout. Dropped into the Eyes, it takes away the
watering of them, and alfo cures the redneft of the
Face, called in Latin, Gutta Rofacea , or the Rofe,
if it be wafhed therewith often - more efpecially
if a little Camphorated Spirit of Wine be added to
it. This Water is alfo ufed againft creeping and
running Sores or Ulcers, or any other deformity of
the Skin.

XXIV. The Spirituous Tinflure. It cures a ve-
hement pain of the Stomack, and is profitable
againft Convulfions, Fainting and Swooning Fits,
Palpitation of the Heart, Sicknefs at Heart, and
Vomiting, a vehement Diarrhea, and the Bloody
Flux. Dofe from 1 Dram to 3 in a Glafs of Madera ,
Sherry, ox Canary.

XXV. The Oily Tinflure. Outwardly applyed
to the Piles, it eafes the pain, heals and cures
them. Applyed to the Gout, it eafes the pain
and cures it : Anointed on the Back Bone and other
parts affefled,. it prevails againft thePalfie, Numb -
nefs of the Limbs, and a Trembling. Inwardly
taken from a Scruple to a Dram, Dram and half,
or more, according to the Exigency, it gives eafe
in the moft Vehement Colick, prevails againft in-
ward Convulfions of the Bowels, induces the Terms
in Women if ftopt, facilitates the Birth, gives eafe
in the Strangury, and provokes Urine powerfully,
expelling all Heterogeneous things, as Stone, Gra-
vel, Sand ; or Tartarous Mucilage from the Reins,
Ureters and Bladder.

CHAP-

744

Salmon'/ ‘Herbal. Lib. I.

CHAP. DVIII.

Of MULLEIN Baftard or Bafe.

I. 'T' HE Names. It is called in Greek , fVoy.@-

X fo6®- - in Latine , Verbafcum not hum, Ver-
bafcum vile , Tap/us notbus , Tapfus vilis : and in
Englifh , Safe Mullein , Baftard Mullein.

II. The Kinds. There are three Kinds of this

Plant, viz. i. Verbafcum nigrum vulgare , Verbaf
cum nigrum , Verbajcum nothum vulgare , Our Com-
mon Bafe or Ballard Mullein, or Common Black
Mullein. 2. Verbafcum nigrum odor at urn, Tapfus
notbus odoratus, Sweet Bafe Mullein, or Sweet
Black Mullein. 5. Verbafcum notbum Laciniatum ,
Verbafcum aliud Mattbioli , Verbafcum Erucafolium
Libelij, Verbafcum Laciniatum Mattbioli , Verbaf-
cum folio Papaveris ccrnutiCamerarij , Jagged Mul-
lein, or Jagged Bafe or Baftard Mullein. To thefe
we may add, 4. » JEthiopis , Verbafcum

JEthiopium , Verbafcum Laciniatum, Cf mn Lacinia-
tum, Sclarea JEthiopica , Ethiopian Mullen Jagged
and not J igged * which P arkinfon will have to l>e
a Kind of C/ary : but we thougnt it very proper to
be enumerated among the Baftard or Bafe Kinds of
Mulleins , it being none of the true Kinds in the
former Chapter, nor yet of the Moth Mulleins in
the lollowing Chapter, and withall feeming to
be much more a Mullein than a Clary.

The Defcriptions ♦

III. The frit, or Our Common Bafe or Baftard
Mullein, or Common Black Mullein. Its Root is
pretty large , long , and Branched and Fibrous, which

MULLEIN Bale or Baftard Common ^

0 R,

MULLEIN Black Common.

perifhes after Seed time. Its Leaves are nothing
woolly or Hairy , but of a dark green color , fome-
what large , longer pointed , and a little dented about
the edges. The Stalk or Stalki rife up almoft as
high as the Common Mullein, and fome times parted
at the topsjnto a few Branches , bearing long fpiky
Heads of Gold yellow Flowers , and in fome tending
to purple, like the other , with fome Threads in the
middle, which are reddifh in fome and purplifh in
others, with Seed following them like to the true
Kinds in the former Chapter. The whole Plant has
a fironger fmell than that in the White Kinds.

IV. The fecend , or Sweet Bafe Mullein, or
Sweet Black Mullein. Its root is fomething great
and long, with fever al Fibres adjoining to it, which
perijhes not , but abides many Tears. It has four or
five Leaves lying upon the Ground fomewhat long and
broad, ending in a long point , fomewhat hard , and

MULLEIN Bafe or Baftard Sweety

0 k,

MULLEIN Black Sweet.

as it were crumpled, of a dark green color, without
any manifefl dents or notchings on the edges , but
only unevenly waved -, from among which rifes up a
rdund, hard, green Stalk, and fometimes two, about
three beet high, oftentimes without any Branches ,
and fometimes again divided into two or three-, on
which grew many yellow Flowers, f mailer and thicker
fet together, viz. two or three at a place, than in any
other , and fuelling pretty fweet, which for the moji
part fall away without giving any Seed and when
it does bear Seed, it is very J mall, and contained in
fmall round Heads.

V. The third , or Jagged Bafe or Baftard Mul-
lein. Its Root is much like the former-, and it
has large and long Leaves unevenly cut in on the
edges, fomewhat like the Leaves of Horned Poppy,
of a dark green color , and a little hairy withall \
The Stalk u fmall and green, but high, andvarioufly
Branched, bearing f mailer yellow Flowers, and more
fparfedly fet than in the two former Black forts,
and having after them Seed much alike. Lobel fays.

the f 'loners are [ct under the Stalks, as Sage or
Wild Clary are , and of the /ante form and.
color.

VI. The fourth, or Ethiopean Mullein, Jagged
and not Jagged. T heir Roots are Woody, andperifb
as /non as they have barn their Seed, which is ufu-
ally the fecond rear after then- Sowing and Springing
tup, for the firf rear they feidom run up to blower.
Each of thefe have divers very large Leaves Spread
upon the Ground, every one near a Foot long, and
iflmofi half a Foot broad, ending in a point -, in the
one i very much torn in on the edges on all fide s, and
denied thereabouts, and w the other (mooth and
not dented or jagged: both of them are of a
whitifh, hoary, green color, with much white hoari-
nefs or woolline/s upon them, far furpaffing any of
the White Mulleins, which grow wild abroad in Our
Country, or beyond Sea -, for they arc oj a yellow ijh
white boarinefs , and are nothing fo pleajant to lock
on as this. In the middle of theje Leaves rifes up
a hoary , Square , ftrong Stalk Jour or five Feet high,
fet full of fuch like Leaves as grow below , but much
letter , and leffer f ill up to the lop, all hoary and
wholly as the reft. This Stalk towards the top, k
fbread out into feveral Branches, on which alfogrow
divers Smaller Leaves like the former up to their
lops, which Branches Spread far and take up a
great coittpafs or room. On each of the Stalks and
Branches at fet iiftances are fet two J mall Leaves,
and with them round the Stalks feveral large white
hooded or gaping Flowers, and fame fay they are of
a pale black, blew, color: after which comes the
Seed- ’ two Seeds always joined together in one Seed
Vejfel, which are browmfh, and thofe of the jagged
like thofe of the not jagged.

VII. Gerard Defcribes the fmootli and not
lagged Kind thus. It has a Root which is black
and hard, and of a Woody Jubilance. From which
Spring forth many very broad hoary Leaves, fpreai
upon the Ground, very foft and downy, or rather
woolly like thofe of our Common w hite Male Mul-
lein hit far whiter, /of ter, thicker , and fuller of
woollinefs , which Wool/ is fo long, that one may
with his Fingers pull the fame from the Leaves,
even as Wooll is pulled from a Sheeps Skin : from
among which Leaves, rifes up a four Square downy
Stalk fet with like Leaves but fmalier: which Stalk
is divided at the top into feveral Branches , fet
about and orderly placed at certain diftancet, with
many Flowers like thofe of Arch- Angel, of a
white color, tending to blewnefs: which being paft,
there follows a three cornered brown Seed.

VIII The Places. The firft grows in many places
of Effex Kent, and Surry: The fecond is fome-
tims alfo found growing Wild in our Country but
not commonly to be met with, unlefs carefully
lookt after The third Lobel fays he found near
the Ruines of an old Church, by the Baths at Bath
in England. The fourth Diofcondes fays, grew up-
on Mount Ida in Fhrigia near Troy, and in Mejfe-
nia a Province of the Mc-tea-, and has ot late been
gathered upon fome Hills in Greece and Illyria
which ate near the Sea : but it alfo grows natural-
ly in /Ethiopia, from whence it took its Name : it
alfo grows in Meroe , an Iiland in the Rirer Nt/us :
from fome of thefe places it haf been brought to
us, and grows here in our Gardens- Gerard fays,
he had it growing in his Garden : I have alfo feen
it grow Wild, upon fome oi the oouthern rarts
of the Continent in Florida, where it is in abun-

The Times. They all Flower in July and
Auguft or latter end of Summer , as the other
Mulleins do and their Seed is ripe in fome little
time afteri

X The Qualities, Specification, Preparations,
and V or lues, of thefe Mulleins, are the fame with
thofe of the Common Mullein in the former Chap-
ter fo that no more need be Did of them here.

XI. Observations. A Decottion of the Golden
Flowers, of the Black Mullein in Lye, is faid to dye
the Hair of the Head yellow, and to make it fait
and fmootli. And a Decoffion of the Leaves in
Wine with a little Honey., is good to wadi and
cleanfe old and putrid Ulcers, and foul, rotten, and
running Sores, and to induce their healing. A De-
caff ion in Vinegar alfo , is very profitable to flop the
bleeding of Green Wounds, and to heal them ; and
it it is made with Rue, it is a Remedy againft the
Stinging of Scorpions. The Decoffionof the Leaves
rvc E lowers 111 Wine o/- Water, is good againft
Uifeales ot the Brelt and Lungs , and tor fuch as
Spit corrupt and rotten Matter. An Ointment tnade
of the Leaves, is ufed with good Succefs againft
bealdings and Burnings with fire or Water, yi
Cataplafm of the Leaves made by boiling in Water
and flumping them in a Mortar , See. being appli-
ed, IS profitable againft an Oedema , and other cold
Tumors : it cleanfes and cures Ulcers alfo, and is
ot excellent ufe againlt a nOpbtbu/nna^ orlnfiamati-
on of the Eyes.

XII. The Virtues of the Ethiopian Mullein. The
Lccoffion of the Root in Wine or Water , is good
againft corrupt and rotten matter of the Lungs :
helps the afperity or roughnefs in rhe Throat, and"
'? a t0 be ProfirabIe againft the Sciatica. Art
Electuary or hoboc, made of the Root with Hony
has alfo the fame Vertues, and caufes an Expeao-
ranon of the purulent or rotten Matter in a
rleunfie.

CHAP. DIX.

Of MULLEIN Moth.

I- 'T H E Names. It was unknown to the
-L Greeks, and therefore has no Greek
Name : but it is called in Latme , B/attarU
from Blatta , a Moth: bac abjefla Blotto* in fe
contrabit unde nomen accepit , as Pliny fays, lib. 25.
cap. 9. And in Englifh, Moth Mullein.

II- The Kinds. Authors have made twelve or
thirteen Species of them, or more; but as many
of them are perteftly Forreign to us, and not at all
to be come by, we (hall here omit them, and give
you only the Defcription of fuch, as either grow
Wild in our Country, or are commonly Nurlt up
in our Gardens ; and they are the following feven
viz. 1 . B/attaria luted odorata , Sweet yellow Moth
Mullein. 2. B/attaria lutea minor five vulgaris
Our Common yellow Moth Mullein. 3. B/attaria
Flore a/bo. White Moth Mullein. 4. B/attaria
lutea major five hfpanica. The greater yellow
Moth Mullein. 7 ■ Blatt aria Ylore luteo purpu -
rafeente. Cloth of Gold Modi Mullein, or yellow-
ifh purple flowered Moth Mullein. 6. B/attaria
Flore purpurea, Purple Flowered Moth Mullein
7. Blattana Flore Curuleo , Blew Flowered Moth
Muliein.

746

Salmon s ‘Herbal*

Lib. L

T he Defer iptiojjs.

III. The jirft , or Sweet yellow Moth Mullein.
It has a long Branched Root , pretty thick with fome
fibres adjoining to it , which abides all the Winter,
and lives many Tears , which few or none of the others
do. It has many hard , grayifh. , green Leaves lying
on the Ground , fomewhat long and broad , little or

nothing fnipt about the edges , but pointed at the
ends. The Stalks are two or three feet high , with
fome J mailer Leaves on them -, branching forth from
the middle upwards into many long Branches , fur-
nifhed with many finally pale , yellow Flowers ,
u/vjg a pretty fweet fmell, Jlronger than in the
others , which pafs away , u<?ry rarely giving any
Seed.

IV. The fecond , zv* Our Common yellow Moth

Mullein. 1/ fe.-w <2 Root pretty thick and long , with
fever al fibres coming from its fides , which perifhes
every Tear after Seed time. It has fuch like long
Leaves as our fourth Species at Se£l. VI. following ,
but narrower , roundly dented about the edges :
The Stalk is ufually Jingle , and '< without Branches :
on which towards the top , fuch like Gold yellow

flowers as thofe are , but leffer , the like purple

Threads in the middle. The Seed Vejfels are Jingle ,
and the Seed finally both fo like to that fourth
Species following , that they cannot be diftin-
guifhed.

V. Tfo third, or White Moth Mullein. The
Root of this is like the laft or Common yellow Moth
Mullein: but the Leaves of this are of a little
frejher green color , and Jharper dented about the
edges. The Stalk rjfcs as high as the former , and
has now and then fome Branches about it. The f lowers
hereof are pure white , as large and great as thofe
lajl Defcrtbed , or fomewhat larger , with the like

purple threads like flies creeping up in the middle ,
as are in the Common yellow : and the Seed is like
the fame : in all other ref pells , it differs nothin p
from the former.

VI. The fourth , or Greater yellow Moth Mul-
lein. This is a Spanifh Kind , whofe Root is not
great or full of fibres , but perijhes almoff every
Tear, after it has given Seed, except the Winter
is very mild: It has longer and greener Leaves than
the Jirft Kind, and rounder alfo at the ends than
the fecond Kind. The Stalk is Jlronger and higher
than it alfo-, on which be jides the I oaves, grow to-
wards the top , many Gold yellow flowers, confi, {ling
of five Leaves apiece, as all the reft do-, not fo
thicks fet cu the firff Species , but a pretty deal
larger, with fome purplijh threads in the middle
formed fomewhat like unto a fly : after which come in
their places , round Heads , two or three , or more
fome times together , but mofl ufualiy one, in which
ly fmall dusky Seed.

VII. The fifth , or Cloth of Gold Moth Mul-
ien ^ or yellowilh purple Flowered Moth Mullein.
This abides longer in its Root than fome others, tho *
in a hard Winter it will perijh like the laff. Tl)e
great eft difference between this and the fecond
Species, conjiffs, Jirft in the flower, which is of a
yellowijh purple , or the ground yellow , over-Jhadow-
ed with a bright crimfon color, which is -very plea-
fant and delightful. Secondly, The threads in the
middle are not fo purple ■, as in that fecond Species ,
but near unto the color of the flower. Thirdly,
It feldom bears Seed , which that Kind for the
mofl part does.

VIII. The fixth , or Purple Flowered Moth
Mullein. Its Root is long, thick, and blachfh on
the out fide, abiding many years, and much cncreafes
by the Sowing of its own Seed. Its Leaves are
broader, fhorter , and of a grayer green color, than
the third Species or white Moth Mullein, and with-
out any denting on their edges for the mofl part, yet
pointed at the ends : The Stalk rifes not Jo high a*
that, but is fometimes Branched, bearing fuch like
flowers •, of a fair deep blew, or purple color, tend-
ing to rednefs , the threads in the middle of the
flower being yellow. The Seed Vejfels hereof are
fmaller alfo, than thofe of that third kind.

IX. The feventh, or Blew Flowered Moth
Mullein. This blew Kind is in all ref pelfs like
unto the former purple Kind, f wing only in the
color of the flower , which is of a blewijh Violet
color and is not much inferior either in the great-
nefs of the Plant, or in the largenefs of its flower ,
unto the faid purple Kind , and endures many
Tears in like manner.

X. The Places. The three firft have been found
growing Wild in feveral places of England , as
on Black-Heath in Kent, and near Deptford , and
in other places : the four laft grow only in Gar-
dens with us 5 and fo does fometimes the third
fort alfo.

XI. The Times. They all Flower in the Sum-
mer time, as in July and Augufi, and yield theft
ripe Seed not long after.

XII. As to their Qualities, Specifications , Prepa-
rations, and Venues, Authors have laid nothing,
fave what Pliny aferibes to them, efpecially to the
Common fort, which is, to gather Moths to it
wherefoever it is laid. And what Cameranus alfo
fays of the faid firft Species, That the Decottion of
its flowers or Leaves opens Obltru£lions of the
Bowels and Meleraick Veins.

CHAP.

Chap. 510. 'Englijb Herbs.

747

CHAP. DX.

■Of M U S H R O M S.

0 R,

fOAD- STOOLS.

I.

THE Names.
Arabians ,

This Plant is called by the
, Eater, and Hat or : in Greek,
Mv'uc. PI. pvxnK : in Latine , fungus. PI. Fungi:
in Englijh , Mufhrom e , PI. Mufhroms TW-
SYao/r.

II. Ufa iCf»A. There are feveral Species of
Mujhroms , Pome of which we have already
Treated , or Ihall hereafter Treat of, in their par-
ticular and proper Chapters, viz. I. Such as grow
upon or in the Earth , as, 1. Tubera Terra, Earth
Balls, which fee in Chap. 238. aforegoing. 2. Ca-
pita Terra, Lupi Crepitus, Fufs-Balls, which fee
in Chap. 30 6. aforegoing. II. Such as grow upon
Trees, as, 3. Auricula Jude, Fungus Sambuctnus.
Jews Ears, which fee in Chap. 404 aforegoing.
4. Lichen Arbor um , Fulmonaria Fungofa, Mufcus
Tulmonarius , Tree Lungwort, which fee in Chap.
4J8. aforegoing, y. Fungus Arboreus igniarius.
Fungus igniarius , Fungus inceniiarius , Touch-
Wood, or Match- Wood, of which in Chap.
following. 6. Agaricus , Agarick, or Mufhrom
of the Larch Tree, which fee in the Third Book of
this our Botonologia, or Hiftory of Plants. Of all
or any of thefe, we have nothing to fay in this
place. Thofe which we fhall Treat of in this
Chapter are the Fungi Terrei, or Mulhroms of the
Earth, which we divide into two Claffes, viz
I. Fungi Efculenti, The Edible Mufhroms. II. Fun-
gi non Efculenti, The non Edible Mufhroms;
which are faid to be Pernitiofi vel Deleterij , Dan-
gerous or Deadly. Now becaufe there is a great
number of both thefe Kinds ; to avoid as much as
may be being tedious, we fhall forbear the enume-
rating of them here in particular, and give you their
Names, as we fhall Treat of them, orDefcribe them
in the order following.

The Defcriptions.

f. Of the Edible, or Wholfome Mujhroms.

111. The General Defcription. Our common forts
cj Mufhroms have fmall, fmooth , round Heads,
Handing upon thick fhort Stalks, and are for the
moji part white ; yet in fame the upper Skin is
brownifh or yellowijh ; but generally more yellow , af-
ter they have food long and are decaying ; moji of
them are [omevibat flat , and hollow underneath,
■with many Lines , or thin Feather-like Subfiances,
running direOly from the Center or middle of the
Head, to the Edges round about. Their Subfiance
is generally loofe and fpongy, eaftly yielding to be
broken between the Fingers, if but prejfed a little
hard. The Tafle and Relifh is according to the
hoil and place where they grow. Clufius fays, The
Hungarians, Germans and others, do efteem thofe
molt, which grow in the Woods, and chiefly thofe
under Ftrr Trees-, and next to them, thofe which
grow under Oaks : But doubtlels, thofe which grow

in the open Air, in Champian fields and Meadows
are not only fafer from danger, but of better rellifh
than thofe which grow in Woods and under Trees
especially with us in England-, and herewith
agrees Horace in his Satyrs, lib. 2. fatyr 4. ver 20
and 2 1.

“ — - pralenfibus optima fang is
Aaturu eft : aliis male creditur.

Jhius’/iroms ivhoh

0111

IV. 1. Favaginofi, Spotigiofus Lalechampii The
Honey Comb Mufhrom. Some of this Kind grow
bigger than others, and fame more Topped or Spiring
and feme are parted as it mere all over into fundry
divtfions, making it feem like an Honey Comb, and
its Head many times refembles a Mulbery. Thefe
are not dangerous as Gerard fays; and Cluflm ac-
counts them as one of the firft or principal Kinds
of Edible Mufhroms, and Camerarius fays, that the
Germans are much delighted with them.

V. 2. Fungi altiufcuh. O’ parvi. Thefe are higher

than any of the reft, and fmall withal. 1 But good
of the Kind. 0

r 5 3'. *777? Fyramidalk, Spear or Pyramidal
fafn toned Mufhrom. Its out-fide is of a mbititb
brown color , is more Steeple fafhioned and larger
than feme others, and as good as any of the for-
mer ; being the greateft of the fourth fort of Cluft-
us his Edible Mufhroms.

VII. y. Fungus Georgij, St. George’s Mufhrom.
// ts round, fomemhat foft and whitifh, having a (lit
mofi ufually on the Edges : They are called by this
Name, becaufe they Spring up much about that time
oj the lear.

VIII. 5. Fungus Popu/neus , growing under Pop-
lar Tiees and Elme Trees. It is cornered either
more or lefs , and Jome jagged about the Edges
having longer and Jhorter Stalks, andfomcof them
f uller, and lanker than others.

?C 2

IX. 5.

74®

Salmon s Herbal Lib. I.

IX 6 Pesice Plinij , Cup Mulhroms.

T hey 'trow out of the fil'd Ground , unto which wry
admire fo flrongly, that they can fcarclcy be got up
without breaking ; flicking to the Earth by certain
T, 'mall Fibres, fiercely to be dtfeerned and Jpi ceding
lorn upon the Ground without any Stalk, into broad,
deep, and hollow Cup-like Pieces, the Brims or Edges
whereof are either plain or crumpled, or Cornered-,
and containing many times within the hollowrtefi,
three or four ounces of Ram Water, effect ally he
greater of them , which by reafin of the thick skin-
ny, or Hefhy Sitbiiancc thereof, corrupts not, nor
yet the Water attained therein, for a long time,
being white on the out-file, and. [redd ,Jh wtlbtit.

X. , fungus Muliebrie, The Womans Muih-
rom : It is fomewhat flat on the Head, a little turn a
m like a Navel. They are of an unequal five,,
being brownish, greenifh, or yellow, Jb Coated-

XI 8 Fungus Tuberofus, The Tuberous Mulh-j
I0m. It is not Flat throughout, but round in the\
Body, and Sometimes torn on the edges, op a pa/el
brown color. Spotted with white.

XII ? Fungus vel Fungi nemorum ; Boletus vet
Bolen Cord,: Muihrom oh the Woods. I, is almofl
round and white. Spotted with yellow brown Spots,
Some of them bigger than others : thofi growing un-

■ Beech-Trees, are redder than others: fame
the pale fort , rather wan the

XXII. 19. Fungi lingulati. Lingua Cafalpini. It
grows on the Bodies of Chefnut Trees, or near
them: its bead is fome thing red: and its Stalk is
red but not fo red , at that of the true Boletus.

XXIII. 20. Boletus Verus , The true Boletus.
This is white at an Egg , and of the fame form,
when they fir ft Spring up : but after two or three
days , the white Skin or Coat breaks above , and Jbews
yellow like the Folk of an Egg , which then grows
greater , and into the form of a Muihrom (the white
Skin falling away by little and little) being raifei
fomewhat higher in the middle , and fo much of a.
gold yellow color , that it feerns deeper colored , than
Saffron it felf , but lefs yellow underneath , with
as in any Leather- like Lines or Divifions , or Septa at
in other Mulhroms. The Stalk like wife is yellow
and an inch thick : when it grows old , it breaks in-
to three or four parts , and loofes the frefh color
above , becoming more pale , and underneath almofl
white. Thefe are of fo delicate a Tafte , that thofe
who are accufiomed to feed on Mulhroms, defire
them more than any other Kind , nor can they eafily
be fatisfied with them. They are accounted by all
Hands to be very wholefome , and yet it is faidthat
Claudius CaTar, was kill'd with eating them. This
might chance indeed after the eating of this Kind:
but the quefiion is , whether the Mulhroms were the
caufe of his Death, or that there might be fome other
caufe thereof going before , or unknown , which might
effett it: It is good to lay the Saddle on the right
Horfe. Clufius fays, That fome of thefe being
dreft, and Served up, as a Dilh at Table, that they
feemed unto him, as if they had been colored
with Saffron.

XXIV. 21. Fungi Porcini , Fungi Suilli , Swines
Mulhroms. They are fomewhat pointed , of a
fmoaky color , Spotted with white Spots, and under-
neath with blackifh fepts , or Feather-like lines or di-
vifions and the upper part in fome will be red. But
Cefalpinus fays , that with them , fome were of a
brow niff) yellow above j and of an AJh color under-
neath.

XXV. 22. Scarogia Cffalpini : Thefe grow in
Meadows , the Head being broad , and the Stalk very
long , and of divers colors.

XXVI. 23. Fungus guer cirrus dipfacoides , The
Bafon or Teafel Muihrom growing among Oaks.
Its Head is white , and like unto the common fort in

they grow in then'll Tree'HWx. Thefe' are [cfi\ firm, but that the top it brown and grpm to be'
Fairy but othermfe much like the left , of which /potted: but the chtefeft matter of difference ■ ,t in
tome are mixed with white, pale, and brown-.

for eating ,

der

ChUfder

^ XIII. 10. Fungi Capreolini , The Goats Muih-
rom. They differ not much from fome of the
loft, but in being yellower above, and browner

"^XIV. 11. Fungi rubei , Red Mulhroms, Ti hey
grow in Woods about the beginning of Summer, and
for their rednefs above , are called Red Mulhroms ^
altho both the Stalk and the under part be not Jo

^XV^i Amenitt vulgar et Tragi ■

Men Tragi: Thefe are the Fungi Species, or kind
of Muihrom, which are [aid to be the mofi Common

both by Lobel and others.

XVI 13. Fungi Villoft, Tung, hrjuti cervtnt.
The Hairy Mulhroms. Thefe are round and a
little flat above , are all hairy, and of a blujb color :
fome of them will alfi be black, Jh, and Jome will
likewife grow two together. , ,

XVII. 14. Fungi abiettnr. Fir Mulhroms, bccaufi

fome are mixed with wMte, pate, ana ™d

fome [mooty with all, or many black, Jh with purple
Lines underneath. .

XVIII 15. Fungi ungulat 1 , Capra ungulati.
Goats Hoof Mufhrom. They are cut in on the
edges into fitch parts, that they very well refem-
b/e a Goats Hoot; bang brown above, and white
beneath-, and is more lorn on the edges , when it
grows old, than when it is new fiprung up, or is

^XTX^id. Aminiu Fault Mginets ■ Thefe have
their Stalks Sometimes bigger in the ewer part
than the upper Bole is: and are much d, [colored
with blew, green, and brown , or yellow, Jh, as in
fome-, the upper part of the Bole being brown-, and
without any Lines underneath.

XX 17 Fungi Lafici, Milky Muihrom. Thefe
are of fo delicate a Talte, that they are eaten
raw it is flat at the Head, and of a reidtfli
color , yielding a [meet Milk when ,t is broken.

XXI. 18. Fungi Regales , Kingly Mulhroms.
Thefe are great , white , and round , fuelling very
fweet and of as pleafant a Tafte as the former,
and may be given to fuch as are Sick, without any
danger.

the Stalk , which has about the middle of it, or
higher , a certain hollow Difh, like as the Teafel
has, being rough and brown about the brims. The
lower part of the Stalk is as it were knobbed , and
blackifh next to the Ground, with fome hairy Fibres
thereat.

XXVII. 2±. Fungus aerie vel Piperitis, Fungus
Piperitis Sapore, The Pepper tailed Muihrom, as
Cordus on Diofcoridcs calls it. It is white in color ,
and tafis [harp and hot like Pepper.

XXVIII. 25. Fungi Prunuli Ctefalpini. It is a
very J'mall Muihrom, of an AJh color and very fweet
in fmell.

XXIX. 2 6. Fungi ramifici vel ramofi , Barba
Hirci, The Branched Muihrom. It is fpread out
large into many Branches, being in fome yellow, in
others reddifh , and in others of a pale white , zvhich
they call the Goats Beard. The mofi confpicuous
is that that which is yellow, and has white foots
upon it.

XXX. 27. Fungus Digitatus major L? minor :
Fungi Digit el/i , as rhe Italians call them. The
Finger Muihrom. It is of a large Size, and parted
as it were into long whitifh Fingers , one of which
will fuffice a Man for a Meal.

XXXI. 28.

Chap. 510. ‘Etiglijb Herbs.

749

XXXI. 28. Yungus dent at us , pi. Yungi dentati ,
The Toothed Mulhroin. Tbh is a Jinall Mulh-
10m, and a little long , being Jonpei like unto a
Tooth.

XXXII. 29. Yungi artificiales product}, Mufh-
10ms produced by Art. They are made to grow at
the Yootof the rates Poplar Tree, within four days,
l/y fprinkfing warm Water in which jome Leaves
have been De cotied, and Ponder of the fame Leaves
mixt therewith , or rather the green Leaves beaten
into a foft Pulp , and fo mixt with the warm Water:
l fay if the Water thus ordered Jhall be poured in
upon the Root, which ntuft be flit before band ,
especially upon thofe parts of the Root which ly
above Ground, or even with the furface of the
Earth, Mulhro’ms will be produced in a very fhort
time.

XXXIII. The Preparations. The order of
Dreffing them is various. 1. Some Boil them, and
drein or prefs the Water out of them, and then
flice them, and put OilandVinegar to them with a
little Salt, or Sugar, as fome will, and a little
Spice, and fo eat them. 2. Others Boil them foft
an Water mixt with Vinegar and Salt, then Butter,,
Sugar, and Spice them, andfo eat them. 9. Others
Boil them in Milk, or Cream, or Fat Broth, till
they are tender, then drefs them up with fweet
Butter, Vinegar, Salt, Pepper, or other Spice.
4. Others having cleared them, and Skin’d them,
Dice them, and drew fine Flower on them, and
then Fry them with Oil, or Suet, or Butter, and fo
eat them. y. Some Pickle them by firft Boiling
them foft in fait Water, mixt with fome Vinegar
and Salt, then taking them out they let them cool,
and make a Pickleof the Liquor they were Boil’d in,
By adding more Vinegar and Salt, fome Spices, and
a fifth part of choife Brandy; into this Pickle when
cold, they put the former Boifd MuOiroms, which
wili’preferve them good for a Year or mote, being
kept dofe ftopt up. 6. Some tiring them and dry
them, and fo keep them, as C/uftus fays, and fome Salt
them, and fo keep them until Winter , and then
Boil, Drefs and Eat them. , 7. Some Boil them
with Wild, Choaky, Sower Pears , and then Drefs
them as aforefaid, and fo Eat them; for thus (as
Authors fay ) they may be Eaten without any
danger: and if Wild Pears cannot begotten, the
Sowerer and Hardier forts of other Pears may be
ufed: Garlick , Onions, and Vinegar are alfo con-
ducing to the fame purpofe.

II. The Non-Edible or Poifonons Mufhrotns.

XXXIV. 1. Pruneoli , Yungi Pruneoli , The
Plum-Tree Mufhtoms. Some grow under the Trees
in the beginning of the Tear, of differing lor ms and
largenefs : and fome grow many together, from one
and the fame Root, as it were, with little or no
Stalk at all: Jome are round fifhioncd ; fome are
Cornered-, fome are larger, and fome J mailer than
others, all of them being mixt with white,! pale ,
yellowifh , and brown together.

XXXV. 2. Yungus Yimetarius , Yimetarij , The
Dung Mulhrom, becaule found growing among
Dung. It is of a round flatnefs, fomewhat thin ,
white, and covered as it were with Meal all over,
having brown Septs underneath .

XXXVI. 3. Yungus Coryleti , Yungi Avella-
net. The Mulhrom growing under Halle Trees.
It is fometimes of a whitifh red, and as it
were fmoaked over-, it it round , and fomewhat
broad.

XXXVII. 4. Yungus Corneolus , Fleflt colored or
Coral-like colored Mulhrom. It is full of round
yellowifh Spots above, and pale yellow underneath

full of blackifh Septa, or Diviftons, found much in
W ales.

XXXI III. ; , Bufonei, Fungi Bufonei, TheToads
Mufiirom. ' It is of a wan color, and round like an
helmet , or more yellowifh, but fmoaky -, or elfemore
flat and reddifh with fome Spots.

XXXIX. 6. Yungus Ruber parvus. The linall
red Mulhrom. It is -very fmall and round, not ex -
seeding the A ail of onesYinger: reddifh above, and
very hollow underneath. It is called alfo Yungus
hircinus.

XL. 7. Boletus nothin, Yungus Bolcti flmilis,
The Mulhrom which is like to the true Boletus. It
is about half an Inch broad, fpiring a little at the top ;
of ■ a whitifh color, with a long Stalk, aniof thebig-
nefs of ones little Fingger. This is alfo called, the
Yoolls Mulhrom.

XLI. 8. Yungus Mufcarius, The Fly-bane Mulh-
rom. Of this there are two or three forts, fame

of them being greater and broader than others-, fome

much redder andf potted with white Spots, all which
grow in Woods which have been fell’d. They are
Jaid to kill as many Ylys as fit and feed on them,
act well when they are dry, as when they are
frejh.

XLII. 9. Yungi LethaJes albi. Thefe are found
in fell’d Woods about Auguft : One whofe Stalk is
larger below than above, and the Header Top round
and of a pale whitifh color, but no bigger than the
bottom of the Stalk.

XLHF 10. Yungus Lethalis niger. The black
Deadly Mulhrom. This Kind is much frequent
with us, and is of a blackifh color , much rent or
torn on the edges, and hanging lank about a fmall
long Stalk.

XLIV. it. Fungi LefhalesVarij-, Yungi Letha-
les eduhs ftmilcs. Thefe are of divers forts, which
beca/fe they arefo like to fome of the Edible Kinds,
have deceived many which have gathered them , and
are often afudden Death to fitch at eat them. Of
which fome are reajonably fmall, others very large -
and moft of them are oj a beautiful AfpeU, either
whitifh or reddifh , or more red, and as 'it were
fmoaked over.

XLV. 12. Yungi abieta/es hirfuti , Mulhroms
growing under Firr-Trecs. Thefe are like to the
Edible ones which grow in the fame places, and
have no other difference, but that thefe are hairy
underneath, for which reafon they are ref ufed to
be eaten.

XLVI. J 3. Phallus Holandicus (as Adrianus
Junius cals it) The Hollanders Tool, or -Working
Tool. At its firft lifting up, it is fomewhat round*-,
but the Skin breaking, there rifes up a Stalk oj the
theknefs of ones Thumb, and of a Fingers length,
fomething like to the Penis of a Dog, having a Ate, or
Cap on the lop, an Inch thick , of a blackifh green
color at firft, and after blacker, with certain Cells
or hollow places in it. The lower part or Purfe from
whence the Stalk rifes, is of an AJh color, and fome -
times brotxmifh 1 the Stalk at firft is white but
afterwards of divers colors and f pot ted. This ' Kind
ft inks at the beft, but withering a is turned into
a moift blacknefs, coloring the very Ground on which
it falls 1 and Ylys die kill’d which feed thereon.
Junius fays, It is plentifully found on the Dutch
Sea Shores.

XL VII. 14. Fungus imbricatim difpofitus verft -
color. The folded changeable Mulhrom. This
grows on Cherry Trees yihich begin to putrify: It is
a Kind which rifes up many together laid flat one
upon another, about an Inch or more broad below, and
f pl eading to be 3 or 4 Inches above , and about half
a Foot high, being of divers colors on their lops, the
edges being of a deep red color, with a mealy white Lift

75°

Salmon f Herbal.

Lib. I.

or Border about. The Imcr part for an Inches
breadth upwards , is a pale whit ijh color ; up higher
it is yellow and red tnixi together , crofting it a-
thwart ; then yellowijh , and above it red and yellow
mixt again ; and then yellow to the very edge, but
marked with fever al fmoaky Spots , pale or yellowijh
underneath. This is deleterious being given to
Men; but dryed and made into Ponder, it is fiid
to be fafe to be given to Cattel.

XLVIII. 1 7 bitngi rotundi & albimagni. They
are large , rounds and whit ijh , full of black Septa
or Lines from the Center to the Circumference ,
both above and below ; but thofe which are above
are greater , and not freight as thofe below , and
a little waved ; the edge alfo is finely dented
about.

XLIX. 1 6. fungus Hacknienfis ,' The Hackney
Mulhrom. It is final/, dented in like manner
about the edges , and of a black Chefinut color,
but not firiped above, and has been found about
Hackney.

L. 17. fungi Ligni. The fe grow on rotten

Boards and Timber, which ly , or are fiet into
the Earth , and are fimall like a green Fig, having
fimall Seed within them. ,

LI. 18. fungus Capitibus Terra fiimilis, The
Mulhrom much like to a Fufs Ball. It is round
like a Fufs Ball, of a brow niff color above, and of
a dark red underneath, which when they are broken
arc of a blewiff green color.

LII. 19. fungus Clypeo vel Scutulo fiimilis.
Thefie are fionse of them like Brimlefis Hats , many
growing together : and fiomc of them broad like
Shields, with their Brims turned up.

LIU. 20. fungus cancellatus , Lupi crepitus
effloreficens Columns. It has a fimall firingy Root ,
differing from all others, and is a round white
Fungus at firfi -, which afterwards breaking open,
divers reddiff Branches do arifie from it, which do
all join together , making round Arches of hollow
netted ’Bars, or Latteffes as it were, feparated
one from another. It hof a very finking fimell,
from whence came the Blame. It is much eaten by
Flys,

LIV. 21. fungi A uric ill is Judx fil miles ,

Mulhroms like to Jews Ears. Thefie grow upon
the Arms, Bodies, or Stocks of Trees, which^ are
rotting or dead, or at their Roots, or upon dry
Boards. They are very much differing, yet none
of them are of the hardnefis of Touch- wood : Some
of them are like unto Jews Ears, either whit iff
or yellowijh, crumpled, and of a skinny fiubfance
like them.

LV. 22. fungus multi caulis , fungus multiplex.
This Crows like the Common Mulhroms very many
together, on feveral Stalks, differing in brownnejs ,
whitenefs and rednefis one from another, and all
rifing from one and the fame Root : They grow either
on the rotten Arms of Trees, or dead rotten Bodies
of Trees, lying upon the Ground.

LVI. 23. Fungus Fruticofius argent cus. The Sil-
ver colored Shrub-like or Branched Mulhrom. It
grows like a Shrub with many Branches , which are
of fiopure awhitenefs that they feem ait if they were
made of pure Silver, if they were fining withall.
This has oftentimes no Stalk, or of it ha i one , V is
not above half an Inch long , and grows on the rot-
ten Bodies of Trees, which ly rotting upon the
Ground.

LVII. 24. Fungus Cinarce forma. Artichoke-like
Mulhrom. Its Stalk is like unto other Mulhroms,
but the Head is made of Scales, like unto an Arti-
choke, of a faint yellowijh color. It is found grow-
ing in Kent, near Afhford, alfo on Bromly-Green,
and at Warehorn in Rumney-Marff.

Clufius , Baubinus, anti, other Authors, have given
us a great many more than we have Defcribed
they are too numerous for our defign, and lerve
for no purpofe, and therefore it would be in vain
for us to exhibit all their Varieties here. For as
much, as they have no peculiar properties yet
known, for the benefit of Man-kind , and with-
all, are molt of them perfect Strangers in our
Climate.

CHAP. DXI.

Of MUSTARD Garden.

I- ' I ' H E Names. It is called in Arabicfi
-L Car del : in Greek, 2 Lem; 's.ivwm » N div
Arijlophanis & Atbenai: in Latine , Sinapi , and
Sinapis : and in Eng/iff, Muftard.

II. The Kinds. There are three Generick Kinds
of Milliard ', viz. 7 . Sinapi Sativum vel Commune ,
Our Common or Garden Milliard, of which in this
Chapter. 2. Eryfimum, Jive Irio, Hedge Muftard,
of which in Chap. 512. 2. Thlafipi, Cf Thlafipe ,
Treackle Muftard, of which in Chap. 513. fol-
lowing.

III. The Kinds cf our Common Muflard. There
is, 1. Sinapi fiativum , Sinapi primum Matthioli ,
Garden Muftard. 2. Sinapi Sativum Rapifolio,
Sinapi Bur fa Pajioris folio Lobelij, Sinapi tertium
Matthioli , Sinapi Sylvejire Dodonai Cf Lugdunenfis ,
Eruca fiativa Fuchfij , Eruca hortenfiis Turneri,
Common broad Leav’d Muftard. 3. Sinapi album ,
Sinapi fiativum alterum fobehj, Sinapi album, Offi -
cinarum. White Muftard. 4. Sinapi agrefie, Sina-
pe agrefie Burfia pufioris folio, Sinapi Sylvefire
Dodonai , Sinapi Eruca folio Bauhini, W ild Muftard :
of all which in order.

The DefcriptioJts.

•

IV. The firfi, or Garden Muftard. It has a Root
which is tough and white, running deep into the
Ground, with many fimall Fibres adjoining to it. From
whence rifies up great rough, long, divided. Leaves ,
of an over-worn green color, like to thofe of the
Turnep (nr Gerard fays') but rougher and leffer.
The Stalk is round, rough and hairy, three, four ,
or five Feet high , divided into many Branches , on
which grow many fimall, pale, yellow Flowers , in a
great length, which turn into J mall , [lender , long ,
rough Pods, in which is contained fimall blackiff
Seed inclining to rednefis, of a fiery, Jharp, biting
Tafie.

V. The Jecond, or Common broad Leav’d
Muftard. Its Root is fimall, long, and Woody when
it bears Stalks, and perifbes every Lear. Its Leaves
are long, large, and broad , and very much jagged,
with uneven and unorderly gaffes, much like to Tur-
nep Leaves, but leffer, and. not fio rough: The
Stalks arc round and fimooth, and grow fometimes
to be four, jive, or fix Feet high (according to the
goodnefs of the Soil) fpreading themfelves out into
many Branches from the middle up to the top, having
fuch like Leaves as the former, but fimaller, and
towards the tops ^growing long and narrow, growing
on ffort foot S%lks. Upon thefie Branches grow

[mall.

Chap. 51 1 „ 'EngUjh Herbs, yji

*U 3 f SI (K JD Common-

fmall yellow Flowers one above another , to the tops
after which come fmall Pods funding upon Jhort
foot Stalks , in which are contained round reddifh
or yellowijb Seed, which is Jharp , hot, atid biting
upon the Tongue.

VI. The third, or White Milliard. Ihis in its
Root, Levies, and Stalks is much like to the fir ft

MUSTARD White.

defer ibed , but only it is /offer , and grows not fo
high-, the Stalks are more whit ifh ■, its Flowers are
yellowifh like the former, aud its Pods are rough
and crooked, in which are contained whit ifh Seed,
which is afo very Jharp and biting. Thefe three Kinds
ot Muftard , juft now defcribed? have been fo
briefly treated of by all Authors, that it is hard to
give the true differences of them ; and a matter of
more difficulty than could have been expe&ed
in, a thing fo commonly known and ufed as
Muftard is.

VII. The fourth, or Wild Muftard. It has a
Root which is long, not very large , but Fibrous,
from whence rife up Leaves like thofe of Shep-
herds-Purfe, but larger , and more deeply gafht.
The Stalk is round, rifmg up to be about two Feet
fdgh, (but the whole Plant is lejfer than any of the
former : ) It is fpread out into Branches towards the
Top, aud its Spikes are furnifhed with fmall yellow
Flowers, made of four Leaves apiece-, after zvhich
follow the Pods, which are fmall and fender, where-
in is contained brewnifh or reddift) Seed, lejfer than
any of the former ^ and not full out fo Jharp or
biting.

VIII. The Places. The firft is not found Wild
with us, but grows only in Cardens. The fecond
and third, grow alfo in Gardens, but are oftentimes
found growing Wild in the Borders of Fields, and
in low Kills and Furrows: the laid only grows
Wild. Johnfon upon Gerard fays, that our Com-
mon Muftard, and the other two forts , viz. the
three firlf Kinds, grow Wild in many places of this
Kingdom, and might alt three be found on the
Banks of Ditches , about the back of Old Street
near London, and in the way to Islington-, in whiett
laft I have for feveral years together found them
growing,

IX. T he Times. . They are all Annual Plants,
and may be Sown in the beginning of the Spring:
they come to perfection in the fame Year they are
Sown, they flower in July-, and their Seed is ripe
in July and Augujt.

X. The Qualities. Muftard Seed ( which is
part of the Plant which is chiefly ufed) is according
to Galen hot and dry in rhe fourth Degree : it is
Aperitive, Ablterfive, Attractive, Anodyne, Carmi-
native, Cofmetick,. Digeftive , Dii'cuflive, Diure-
tick, Inciiive, and Suppurative : Cephalick. Neu-
rotick, Stomatick, PeUoral, Nephritic!;, Hyfterick
Arthritick: Ptarmick, Alexipharmick, and Sper-
tiiatogenetick.

XI. The Specification. It is found by Experi-
ence to be of efpecial ufe, to provoke the Terms
in Women , provoke Urine, and give eafe in the
Strangury, Stone and Gravel: it Cures Hyfterick
fits, pains of the fides and Spleen, Tooth-Ach
Kings Evil, Gout, Cramp, and Convulfions of the
Bowels 5 and 'prevails alibagainft Agues, Epilepfv
Lethargy, Cams, Vertigo, expels Poyfon of all
forts, is good againlt Impotency in Men, and re-
moves Scabbinefs, and other Defcedations of the
Skin.

XII. The P reparations. Thefe are all of them
taken from the Seed ; and confidering the exceeding
ufefulnefs of it, they are not many neither being
thefe few following, viz. 1. A Ponder? 2. A
Condiment. An Injufton. 4. A Cataplafm.
5. A Spirituous TtnBuri. 6. An Acid TinBure.
7. An Oily TinBure. S. A Saline TmBure. 9,
A Spirit. 10. A Tiftilled Water both from the
Seed alone, and from the Leaves alone : alfo from.
Seed and Leaves together, ri. An Oil of the Seed
by Exprejjion. 12. An Errhine.

752 Salmon’ .r Herbal . Lib. L

the Virtues.

- XIII. T be Pouder of the Seed. Given from a
Scruple to 2 Scruples or a Dram, mixt with Lome
proper Syrup , or in Wine, or other fir \ehicle,
it provokes Urine, and the Terms in Women, is
good again!! Epileptick, Lethargick and Hylterick
Fits , the Nollrils , Temples, and Forehead being
rubbed with the Condiment, for fo it allays the
Vapours, and quickens thofe dull Spirits, which
were alleep as it were, or almoft dead; for by its
Volatile and Sharp Particles, it pierces to the Brain,
and purges it of the Recrements which offend, by
Sneezing, and drawing down the Rheum, and other
Vifcous and Clammy Humors which hurt the Nerves,
and caufe a perturbation of the Spirits, and may
otherwife fall upon the Lungs and Thorax, and lo
caule Coughing, Wheezing, Hoarfnefs and Ihort-
neis of breath. It comforts and Warms the Sto-
mach, helps Digeltion, and cleanfes the Head, Brain,
Thorax, and Lungs , of cold , vilcid , pituitous
Humors. Taken to the quantity of a Dram, made
up into a Bolus with Syrup 0] Citron Feels, rehlts
and expels Poyfon, and does wonderfully provoke
Lull, and being continued for feme time, cures Im-
potency in Men : warms and comforts the Womb
in Women, and caufes Fruitfulnefs. It alfo eafes
the Pains of the Spleen and Hypochonders the
Gnawings and Tortions of. the Bowels, and rehlts
and expels Poyfon of all Kinds.

XIV. T be Condiment or Sauce . It is made of
the Seed by Grinding it with White Wine Vinegar,
or with warm Waver, adding a little Brandy to
either of them; and it is Ground either in a Imall
Quern, or Mill, or in a large Bowie, with a Can-
non Iron Bullet by rouling it up and down upon
the Seed. It is ufed as a general Sawce both for
Flelh and Fifh , and is indeed a very wholefome
and excellent thing; and has all the Vertues of
the Fonder aforegoing: being given as a Medi-
cine it may be taken from a Dram to two or
three Drams in a Glafs of Wine ; and fo it is
profitable again!! Convulfrons, the Palfie, Megrim,
and all forts of Poyfon, it refilts the Malignity ot
Mujhroms , ths Venom of the Scorpion, the
bitings of Vipers, Mad Dogs, and other Poifo-
nous Creatures.

XV. The Infufion or Decoffio/i. It is common-
ly made in Wine, and has all the Virtues of the
Pouder , being given from 2 Ounces to 4. It pro-
vokes Urine powerfully, gives eafe in the Strangu-
ry, expels watery Humors from the whole Body,
and evacuates them by the Reins and Bladder, and
fo has been found of admirable Ufe in curing the
Dropfie. It powerfully refifts Poyfon, not fufiering
the Virulency thereof to fmight the Spirits or Vital
parts, to the overthrow of Life-, but immediately
Mafters or overcomes it, if taken in time. Taken
an Hour or two, before the Fits of Agues, it fo
warms the Blood and Spirits, that it keeps back,
and leffens the cold Fit, and fo thereby alters the
courfe thereof, and at length cures it. Made into
a Gargle with fome of the Condiment , it helps the
weaknels or hanging down of the Uvula, common-
ly called the Palate of the Mouth, and as an Apo-
phlegmatifm draws Humors from the Head ,
Brain Jaws, Teeth, Almonds, and parts adjacent
to the Neck, whereby ic prevails againft Lethargy,
Carus Palfie, Convulfions, and Strumous Swel-
lings a’bout the Neck and Throar, commonly called
the Kings Evil. The Injufion prevails againft Im-
potency in Men, and Itirs up bodily Lutt in Wo-

men, and is admirable againft Wind in the Bowels,
and Pains and Stitches in the Sides,

XVI. T be Cat up la fm. It difeuffes, rarifies, and
draws out Thorns, Splinters of Bones, or orher
things out of the Flefli. Applyed to the warm Fore-
head, and Temples, it warms and quickens the Animal
Spirits, and is good againft all cold and fleepy
Dileafes of Head, Brain, and Nerves. Applyed
to Scrophulous Tumors or Kernels in the Neck, and
about the Throat, it is faid to Diffolve#or Dilculs
them. Applyed upon the pained place in a Sciatica
as alfo in the Gout, and other Joint Difeafes, ic
eafes or leffens the Pain, and difeuffes the Humors
abounding in. the part. It eafes Pains in the Side
as Stitches, Spleen, Cfc. pains in the Back and
Loins, Shoulders, and other parts of the Body5
it many times raifes Biifters (if mixt with Leaven)
and by drawing the Pains to the place from the
inward or more remote parts, it many times cures
the Difeafe, or diverts it to thofe outward places
where Topicks beiug applyed may do the . Cure.
Being immediately applyed upon the Biting of a
Mad-Dog, or of a Viper, Rattle Snake, or other
poifonous Creature, it attraffs and draws forth
the Poifon, and fo prevents the danger which might
enfue. Applyed alfo (mixed with a little Honey)
it takes away black and blew fpots or marks of
Beatings and Bruifings or the like, it difeuffes fimple
Contufions, and removes the roughnefs o£ the Skin
alfo Scabbinefs, Scurf, Morphew, Leprofie and the
Loufie Evil: it gives eafe alfo to the Crick in
the Neck, or when it is fo pained, that the Head
cannot be turned, without turning the whole
Body.

XVII. The Spirituous Tintture. It is an excel-
lent thing againft the Palfie and Gout, and has all
the Virtues of the Pouder , and Infufion aforegoing,
and may be given inwardly from a Dram to two
Drams, in a Glafs of Canary or other Generous Wine,
two or three times a Day ^ and outwardly it may
be Bathed upon the parts affefted. It is an incom-
parable Stomatick, warming and comforting the
lame, and gives prefent eafe in all extream pains
and griefs of the Stbmach and Bowels, proceeding
from an Acid Humor.

XVIII. The Acid T intlu're. It prevails againft
all internal Poifons, is good againft loathing, Vo-
miting, and other weakneffes of the Stomach • it
caufes a good Appetite, and a ftrong Digeftion, and
puts a good color into the Face. It opens ob-
ftructions of the Vifcera , allays Vapors powerful-
ly, and by a continuall ufe of it for fome time, it
cures Fits of the Mother : It may be given in a
Glafs of Ale, Beer, or Wine, fo many Drops at a
time as to make it Pleafantly Acid, and to be taken,
two or three times a Day, or in all that the Patient
drinks. It is much better in Wine than in any other
Vehicle : and I am apt to believe (from my own
great Experience of it) that it is one of the belt
Remedies againft the Scurvy in the World, and for
which it ought to be efteemed as a Jewel.

XIX, The Oily Tintture. It is good againft the
Colick tho’ never fo extream, as alfo againft the
Stone, Gravel, Sand or Tartarous Mucilage whe-
ther in Reins or Bladder. It provokes Urine power-
fully, eafes the Strangury , induces the Terms in
Women, and facilitates the Birth of a Woman in
Labour, and forces away the After-birth *. and be-
ing prudently ufed, it not only caufes a due
cleanfing, but alfo prevents After-pains: It has all
the Virtues of the Pouder and Infufion , and may
be given from 12, ro 20, 30, or more Drops,
according as the exigency and occafion may re-
quire. Outwardly anointed upon any part, it eafes
all pains proceeding from a cold caule, and is of

fingu-

Chap. 512. "Englijb Herbs .

753

Angular ufe againft the Palfie, Trembling, Num-
bednefs, Convulfions, Cramps, and other like
Difeafes of the Nerves and external parts.

XX. The SalineTinSure. It is a good difcuffive
and abfterfive, is profitable againft Spots, Freckles,
Sunburnings, Tanning, and other difcolorings of
th tCuticula: It is excellent againlt Scurft', Mor-
phew, Leuca , Leprolie, as alfo good againft Scabs,
Itch, Pimples and other Breakings out, and cleanfes
the Face and Skin from all ocher Deformities
thereof.

XXI. The Spirit. It comforts the Head, Brain,
Nerves and Heart, revives the Spirits Animal, Vi-
tal, and Natural; Diffolves all congelations ot'
the Blood and Humors, makes them thin and
fluid, and to run freely in their Velfels ; and is pro-
fitable againft Afthmas, and molt Diieafes of the
Stomach and Lungs , caufing a free and ealy
refpiration; and is a powerful thing againft
all forts of Convulfions in young or old , as
alfo the Palfie, or other like Diftempers
of the Nerves. Dofe from one to two Drams
in a Glafs of Wine, Morning, Noon, and
Night.

XXII. T he Diftilled Water. It has the Virtues
of the Pouder , lnfufion , T Mure and Spirit, bat
nothing near fo powerful, and may be given from
two to four Ounces, in a Glafs of Wine. It pro-
vokes Urine, and gives eafe in the Strangury : It is
good to make a Gargle for a fore Mouth and Uvula ;
and ufed outwardly in a Walh, it is a Cofmetick,
and is good againft all Defcedations of the Face
and Skin, cleanfing and clearing them from their
Deformities. If it is Diftilled alfo from the Herb
when in blower, it is good, and may be ufed to all
the purpofes aforefaid ; but it is noc full out fo
prevalent, as that which is diftilled from the
Seed.

XXIII. The Oil of the Seed by Expreffion.
Schroder fays, it is ’good in cold Difeafes of
the Nerves : it certainly eafes pains arifing from
a cold and moift caufe , is good againft Palfies
and Convulfions, and ftrengthens parts which are
weak.

XXIV. The Errhine. It purges the Head admi-
rably, of cold, moift, vifcous, and pituitous Hu-
mors, is good againft Catarrhs and diftillations of
Rheum upon the Lungs, clears the Eye fight, and
draws off Humors which fettle upon the Amigda-
laes and parts adjacent belonging to the Throat;
and being often ufed is of lingular ufe againft
the Kings Evil, becaufe it attrafts and draws
away much of the Morbifick Matter caufing the
fame.

CHAP. DXII.

Of MUSTARD Hedg;

0 R,

BANK - CRESS.

I. II E Name. It is called in Greek, ;

JL dm r~ tpsuW quod, ob flt.vn caliditatem attra-
hendi facilitate praditum eft : alfo uunrivt Chamx-

phcn Diofcor ui*: in l at me, Eryfvnum , & Ino
Phnij , lib. 28, chap. ic. quod ab acrimonia fua
i lrruit in gujhm : in Englijh, Hedge Muflard and
Bank-Crefs.

II. L!)e Kinds'. Authors have made many Species
or this Plant: there are but three which we flu 11
take notice of in this Work , viz. 1 . Ino , Jive
Eryfimum V lit gar e , Hierdbotane Eccmina Brum*
jHfilh Sinapi feptimum l rag// • S inapt alt e rum
Sylvejire Euchjii • Eryfimum Sinapi Sylveftrus
Species Gefneri , Ino Maithioli , Cordr, Loni-
ov7, Lug dune njis , Ctefalpini & Lobe It j • Cle-
°ne OUavij Herat ij Anguilara • Eryfvnum vul-
gare Bauhim • Our Common Hedg Mu Hard. 2.
Eryfimum Verum, five Pilontanum , Ino alter Mat*
tbiolt, Lugdune'nfii Cf Camera rij\ Eryfvnum ve rum
Anguilara • Inunis tertia Species CeJalpini ; Saxi-
Jtaga Roma norum Lugduncnfis , Eryfimum Polycera-
tion vel corniculatum Bauhini-, The True Hedg
Muftard. 3. Eryfimum alter urn fdiquk Eruae Bau-
him h Eryfimum Jecundum Taber nxmontani ; Eryfi-
mum Latifolium P arkinfoni j Our broad Leav'd
Hedg Multard.

I be Dejcriptiany.

7, ni‘ °r R" Common Hedg Muftard,

Its Root is f ender and Woody ^ running down deep in-
to the Earth abiding all Winter, and Springing up
again every dear, from this Root, it uj. filly Springs
up, mlh but one blackijb green Stalk , tough or
Umber, eafy to bend, but not to break. Spread out

Hedge Muftard Common.

ini 0 fever al Branches and fometimes with divers
Stalks , fet full of Branches , on which grow long ,
rough or hard rugged Leaves , very much cut in or
torn on the edges into many parts , Jome bigger and
5 D Jome

7^4 Salmon s Herbal* Lib. I

« -*• , , T, . 1 T

lime leffer, of a dirty or dull green color. I be

flowers are Jin oil, and of a yellow color conjijt tag
for the moji part of four f mall Leaves , which grow
of the tops of the Jeveral Branches in long Spikes,
flowering by degrees : Jo that continuing long tn
flower, the /aid Stalks, or Branches mil have J mail
round Cods at the bottom, growing upright, and cloje
to the Stalk, wbilell the top flowers yet fhoa them-
J. elves: in which Cods or Pods, are contained fmall
yellow Seed, which is Jharp and Jlrong, as the neio

‘ '\\. The fecond, or True HedgMuftard. Its Root
is fmall, tmipcrifhes after Seed time ; but by Joining
it Mf it never miffes to be in the Uround where
it once has Seeded. From this Root fprtng up
divers large winged Leaves, of a Jrejher green
color than the former , and fomthing J mailer
than the following third Kind-, which ate cut tn
on both fides into Several parts, but J mailer,
refembling the divijions of fame of the Leaves oj

True Hedg Mufiard .

V. The third , or Broad Leav’d Hedg Muftard.
1/s Root is not Jo long , nor Woody at the Jirji is -,
but it is more Fibrous , an Annual , not abiding above
a Tsar. From this Root Jpring up two, three , or
more dark green Leaves , which are winged , pretty
large, bigger than either of the former, and divided
into Jeveral unequal parts down to the very middle.
Rib, viz. into three or four fever al divifions, with
a l moji equal gafhes on each fide , cat b of which dtvifi-
ns are fmall towards the bottom or foot Stalk of the

Muftard Hedge broad Leav’d.

Dandelion, or rather, like to Rocket Leaves, each
part or corner looking downwards , the end Jivifion
of the Leaf being largefi , almofi oval, but fharp
pointed, and unevenly dented upon the edges. From
among thofe Leaves rife up fometimes two, fome-
times three Stalks , and fometimes but one , as W
moji ufual , which is round and about half a Turd
high, having on them a pretty many of thofe like
Leaves, but f mailer -, the Stalk or Stalks, fpread
themf elves out into Branches towards the top, from
all which come forth very [mall yellow Flowers , con-
f fling of four Leaves apiece-, after which follow
whitifh, yellow fmall Cods or Pods, growing like t he
former clofe to the Stalk, making a pretty long Spike,
which has alfo Flowers continuing at the top, till the
Flowering time is over . Thefe Pods contain within
them fmall yellow Seed-, not full out fo Jharp or
Jlrong as the former, yet fomething quick and biting
upon the Tongue.

Leaf growing larger as they are higher, but the
end divifion or Leaf is the largefi of all, which is
alfo gafht fomewhat deeply on each fide, and fharp
pointed at the very ends-, each Jeveral part of thefe
winged Leaves, are unevenly dented about their
edges, the leffer in like manner dented as the greater.
The Flowers are fmall and yellow , confifling of four
fmall Leaves apiece: which being pad away, leave
long round Pods J landing upright and cloje to the
Stalk like the former, making a Spiked Head like the
two Jtr ft, not altogether fo long , but a little bending
withal l, the Pods themf elves being a little fhorter ,
a l mo ft like thofe of Rocker.

VI. The Places. The firft is very frequent thro’
all England by High-ways, and Hedge and Ditch
fides, and fometimes cn the tops of open Fields:
It grows in Gravelly and Stoney Places among Rub-
bifh, as alfo upon Larth or Mud- Walls, and in other
Untilled places. The fecond grows in like Places
as the firft as Matthiolus lays, and is very frequent-
ly found wild in Italy •, wirhus it many times grows
in Gardens : Gerard fays, he found it growing
at a place by Chelmsford in Ejje.x , called little
Baddozv, and in fundry other places. The third, is
not altogether fo common as the firft. but is more
rare to be met withall yet it is fometimes found,

but

Chap. -513. EngUjh Herbs.

but (till in the better Grounds, tor which reafon it
grows fo large.

VII. T he limes. It Flowers in June and July,
but mod ufually in the latter Month : and the Seed
is ripe in Auguft , or not long after.

VIII. The Qualities. The Seed is chiefly in
ufe, and is faid to be hot and dry in the fe'cond
Degree: it is like in Talte to Garden Crejs , and
is as Galen lays, of a heating Quality, confuting
of a thin Subftance, does exceedingly attenuate,
and is of a cutting, cleanfing nature. It is Aperi-
tive, Abiterfive , Vulnerary, Pefloral and Alexi-
pharmick.

IX. The Specification. It is a lingular thing a-
gainft Allhma’s, for it not only helps Wheezings,
Hoarfnefs, and difficulty of breathing, but alfo is
faid to reftore fuch as have loft their Voice, and
therewith their Spirits almoft alfo. It is prevalent
againft the Jaundice, Griping of the Guts and Poi-
fon ; gives eafe in the Gout and Sciatica, and in-
duces the healing of hollow Ulcers , Fiftula’s,
running and eating Sores, Cankers in the Mouth
and Throat, &c.

X. T he Preparations. You may have herefrom,
t. A Liquid Juice or EJJence. 2. A DecoBion in
Water or Wine. 3. A ft tuple Syrup or Loboch. 4.
-A Compound Syrup. ;. A Pouder of the Seed. 6.
A Cataplafm of the Seed.

The Virtues.

XI. T he Liquid Juice or EJJence. They are
made of the whole Plant when in Flower. They
are very good for fuch as have the yellow Jaundice,
the Plurifie, pains in the Back and Loins, as alfo
for Tortions and Gripings in the Belly, and the
Colick, or for fuch as have taken Poifon ; being
given inwardly from two Spoonfuls to four, in
any proper Vehicle ; or given by Clyfter in double
that quantity, in a fufficient quantity of Mutton
Broth.

XII. The DecoBion of the whole Plant in Wine
or Water. It has the Virtues of the Juice or
EJJence, comforts and warms the Stomach and
Bowels , and is good to heal Excoriations of
the Guts: efpecially being ufed Clyfter-wife.
Old running Sores and Ulcers, Fiftula’s
and eating Cankers in the Mouth or other
parts, being walhed therewith it induces their
healing.

XIII. The ftmple Syrup or Lohoc of the Juice of
the Plant. It is made with Hony or Sugar , by gen-
tle boiling them together , and defpumating the mix-
ture. It is inciding and cleanfing, and caufes an
Expefloration of Vifcid, or tough, or Salt Flegm
from the Stomach and Lungs, making it eafy to
be fpit forth : and indeed it is a very good
thing in moft Difeafes of the Lungs , as
Hoarfnefs , Wheez-ing , Vehement Coughs ,
Afthma’s, or difficulty of Breathing , and (bort-
nefs of Breath: as alfo for fuch as have utter-
ly loft their Voice, with a kind of linking of
the Spirits , it being taken every day , four or
five times a day or oftener , for fome reafonable
time.

XIV. Syrupus de Eryftmo Compofitus. The Com-
pound Syrup of Hedg Muftard. Take Hedge Muf-
tard (the whole Plant) frejh gathered when in
flower 6 Handjuls-, Leaves of Borage , Cichory,
Maiden-Hair , of each a Handfuls ; of the Cordial
f lowers, Rofemary, Betony , of each half a Handful ;
Raifons floned, Roots of Elecampane , Coltsfoot ,

755

Liquorice of each 2 Ounces-, An feeds half an
Ounce- Water Hydromel, of each i Pound and

A 5 Jucc,ei Hedge HyJJop depurated^ Ounces : Di-
gejt a whole Day-, afterwards Boil in Ba/neo, preKne
out the Liquor Jhongly : to 4 Pounds of which
clarified Liquor, add Sugar Candy 4 Pounds and a
Half, and make tnem into a Syrup m Ba/neo accord-
ing to Art. lx is a very good Pefloral, and caufes
6 -a6*/ X^e^orac’on Vifcid Flegm, or other pu~
tnd Matter out of the Lungs, curing moft Difeafes
ot that \ if c us-, as Afthma’s, Hoarlenefs, Wheez-
ing Ihortneis ot Breath, fpitting Blood, Ulcers
mthe Lungs, Uftement Coughs, 0Y. Dofe an
Ounce and half or more at a time, twice a

Vehicl’” a0tle’ °r m'XC Wlth fome Pr0Per

XV. The Pouder of the Seed. It is held to be
a ipecial remedy againft Poifon, being inwardly
raken from half a Dram to a Dram or more, mbit
with Hony, or in Syrup of Green Ginger , or of
Cttron Peels ; it is alio prevalent againft the Colick,
and all other inward Pains, and Tortions of the
Stomach and Bowels : it provokes Urine and the
Terms-, gives eafe in the Strangury, facilitates the
Birth, and forces away the After-Birth, given in a
Glafs ot White Port or Lisbon Wine: made into
a Lohoc with Hony, it caufes eafie expeftoration of
cold pituitous or corupt Matter, out of the Breft
and Lungs, is prevalent againft Coughs, Catarrhs,
Atthma s and other like Diftempers of thole parts
and has all the Virtues of the Juice, EJJence, De-
coll ion and Syrup, \aforegoing.

XVI. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Seed
oruifed and mixed with Honey. Applyed , it is
lingular good for pains, in the Hips, or Huckle
Bones, called the Sciatica, the Gout, and alt other
pains of the Joints; as alfo for Fittula’s, hollow
Ulcers, running Sores, and eating Cankers, in
Mouth or Throat , or behind the Ears, as alio for

01 ^weUinSs °f Womens Breafts, or in
the Telticles or Stones.

CHAP. DXIH.

Of MUSTARD Treacle ;

OR,

Mithridate MUSTARD.

1 T * is «l'ed in Gmvf, ew,-

tn ^.9 7”’ Thlafp, £? Phlafpe quod
fruBus quafi tnfrafrus : &

quafi fruBum C/ypeatum: alfo Zn «

15 b£-pu,t ln 7re“ele or Mithridate.

p . . ■ There are at leaft Nine Generick

or Principal Kinds of this Plant as 'ThinCn'
venfe, the Field Kind: ^SuTf^Lll

he MS: -“‘‘rf the Candf Tufts.- MohtZlm

the Mountain: C/ypeatum, the Buckler-like fnlti-
cofum, the Shrubby : kxoticum, the Strange ■ Dra-

J b 2 bo,

75^

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

ba, vel Arabis, theAtabian: AndT urritis yelTttr-
rita , the Towering. Each of thefe diverlihe them-
felves again, into feveral other Species ; fo that of
them all, or in the whole, there are about three-
score feveral Kinds. But whereas the greateft part
of them are unknown to us, and neither grow in
the compafs of our Britijh Ijlands , nor yet in our
plantations abroad in the Wcft-lndies , We fhall.prx-
termit the greater part of them, and only Defcribe
fuch as grow either Wild in our Fields and by
Ways : or in the Gardens of our Country and Plan-
tations, and are daily ufed in Phylick , which are
thefe following, viz. I . Thlafpi Dr aba folio Lo-
belij ; Scorodo-Thlafpt Dodon.fi IK Dalechampij ;
Th/afpi fecundum Matthioli ; P/atycarpon Camera-
rij - Th/afpi arvenfe ftliquis laris Bauhini , Treacle
Muftard with broad flat Pouches. 2. Th/afpi
Majits Tabcrnxmontam ; Th/afpi arvenfe Ace t of a
Into Itevique folio Gerardi & Bauhini , The
greater Treacle Muftard. ?. Th/afpi Vaccari *
folio Vulgatifimuttt , Th/afpi Mithridaticum , Th/af-
pi priman Matthioli , Th/afpi Vulgatiim Bauhini ;
Th/afpi verum cujus femine utimur in The-
riaca Camerarij ; Th/afpi Cardami noides Cordt-,
Th/afpi Vulgatum (K Th/afpiditm Vulgare Tragi -,
Th/afpi arvenfe incano folio majus Bauhini-,
The greater Mithridate Muftard. 4. Th/afpi mi-
nus , IK Th/afpi minus Vaccari. e folio , Thlafpt
Theriacum vel Mithridaticum minus , the lelfer
Mithridate or Treacle Mudftatd , French Trea-
cle Muftard. 5. Th/afpi arvenfe perfohatum
majus Bauhini j Th/afpi prtmum Dalechampij ,
Tb/afpi oleraceum 'Tabcrnxmontam ( becaufe it
is almoft without Tafte ) Th/afpi alterum burf.e
pafioris fruttu Column*, the greater Treacle
Muftard with Throughwax Leaves. 6. Th/afpi
Americanum , Th/afpi Spanofpermon America,
num Cortufi (as he calls it in his Fliftory of
Canada ) American Thlafpi bearinglittle Seed ,
or rarely bearing Seed. 7. Thlafpi Creticum
flore albo (K Purpurea , Candy Tufts with white
and purple Flowers. 8. Thlafpi Beeticum Mari-
num , Spanilh Tufts. 9. Thlafpi Creticum album
umbe /latum majus-, the great white Candy
Treacle Muftard. 10. Thlafpi Hederaceum,
Ivy Leav’d Treacle Muftard. 11. Turntis five
Turrita Lobelij ; Turritis Vulgatior Clufij, Com-
mon Towers Muftard, or Towering Muftard.
12. $ "Aotfif. Draba, (K Arms , NaJIu-

rtium Orient ale, Draba vulgaris , Draba Um-
bellata Bauhini, Arabian Muftard, or Turkey
Clefs.

T be Defcriptions.

ill. The ftrft, or Treacle Muftard with broad
flat Pouches. It has a fmall and Fibrous Root,
which perijhes every Tear, from which rifes up a
hard round Stalk, about a Foot more or lefs high,
which then is parted or fpread out in fame Branches,
which are long and brittle, having feveral foft green
'/Leaves, fomewhat long and narrow. Jet thereon s
waved but not cut in on the edges , broadejl towards
the ends, and fomewhat round pointed. The Flowers
grow at the tops of the Branches one above another
Spike fafhion, after which come large round Pouches,
parted in the middle with a Furrow, having one
b/ackijh brown Seed on either fide, fomewhat thicker
and larger than in any of the other Thlafpies, fharp
in Tafte, and fmelling fomething like Garlick, efpe-
cially that which grows in the Fields, where it is
natural ; blit that which is nurji up in Gardens is

‘ treacle Muftard Common.

lefs acute in its Tafte, and not o] fo Garlick like
feent.

IV. The fecond , or Greater Treacle Muftard.
It has a Root long and Fibrous like the former ,
from whence rife up feveral pretty large Leaves ,

Greater Treacle Muftard.

pointed

Chap* 513,

m

JT.

757

pointed at the ends , and unevenly waved , and fome-
times dented unequally about the edges , which
are larger , fmooth'er , and broader than the firjl •,
Tho/e which grow upon the Stalks^ or Branches , are
longer , narrower , jharper pointed , zwc/ come from
the Stalks at the Joints without any foot Stalk , ha-
ving at their lower end two fharp points , dnd
ded into two part w/ much unlike to the Narrow
Leav’d Arrow-Head * 7/ n/Jr-r ftp with one or more
Stalks about 3 Feet high , 0# which grow the faid
J mailer Leaves, with the Flowers on the tops oj the
faid Stalks or Branches , ;/z Spiked Heads ,

ing one above another , finally and of a whitijh color:
The Seed Veffels are rounds containing brownijn
Seed : the whole Plant is of a flrong unp leaf ant Tafle
and Smell.

V. The third , or the. Greater Mithridate
Muftard. Its Root perifhes after Seed time , but
abides the firjl Winter after Springing. This grows
higher than the firjl , fpreading more , and having
longer Branches : its Leaves arc alfo fmdller and
narrower , and fometimes unevenly dented about the
edges. The Flowers are fmall and white, and grow-
ing on long Branches, with much f mailer and rounder
Seed Veffels after them , and parted in the middle.

Mithridate Muflard Greater .

dented upon the edges, and in fome places almojl like
a Saw. Towards the top , the Stalk fpreads it felf
out into many Branches, ns four, five, fix, /even,
or more •, each of which are filled and almoll cover-
ed with fuch like Leaves, fome of them dented in

Mithridate Muflard Smaller.

in the fame manner, with the faid firjl Kind, and
containing within them fntaller brown Seeds, which
are much Jharper in Tulle, than the Seed of the
/aid firjl dcficribed. J

VI. The fourth, or Lefler Mithridate or Treacle
Milliard. ^ Its Root is a little long , and Fibrous to-
wards its lower part-, from whence fpring up feve-
ral fharp pointed Leaves, which are long and not
very broad, very like to the Leaves of the third
Kind, being fmooth , and of a dark green color.
From among which fpring t up one Stalk, (feldom
any more) about half a Tari high , which is covered
up almojl to the top with fuch like Leaves , but that
they are leffer , at they grow higher up . unevenly

on the edges, and fome not, they growing Jlill
(horter and Jhorter, alfo very narrow, and very
Jharp pointed. The Flowers are fmall and white,
and grow one above another, at the tops of the fe'-
veral Branches , making each of them a long Spike :
thefe being paji away, the Seed Veffels appear, which
are broad at the Head, and not much unlike to thofe
of Shepherds Purfe, but a little larger.

.V11- T& W,b-> :r the Greater Treacle Multard
with Throughwax Leaves. Its Root is long, white
Woody, and Fibrous: From which fpring forth
Leaves which ly upon the Ground, and are J. mail
and fomewhdt round, like to thofe of Bafil, bur yet
a little cut or notchi on the edges at the bottoms
where they are fmalleft, and a litte dented about the
other part, of a grayijh green color, every one upon
a fmall foot Stalk, among which rife up a round
Stalk or Stalks a Foot high, more or left, purphjh
at the bottom, and fometimes f pot ted, on which
grow (ingle Leaves at the Joints one above another
at certain diftaners, which encompafs it at the bot-
tom, in the manner of Thorough wax Leaves ; and
whereat hkewife come forth, other /mailer Leaves
upon Jhort Branches , oh which at the lops of the
Stalks, (land fevcral fmall labile Flowers, which
break jot tv out oj readtfi) Husks - after which fmall
flat Louche s^ appear , like unto thofe of Shepherds
Kiinepartea /// the middle , a* is uj'ual in mod oj the
Thlafpies, zvz each fide whereof lie fmall flat yel/ow-
ijh Seed. The whole Plant is more milde , or lejs jharp
than any of the former. Tl)ere is .another of this
fort fomething lejfer , which has a jew Leaves lying
upon the Ground , of a gray ijh green color , not much
unlike to the Smaller Moufe Ear -3 or to Codded

Through-

758 Salmon ’s Herbal. Lib. I.

Throughwax, but muchleffer: ibtje which gram
up higher upon the Stalk, which is fcarccly a Foot
high , and but few fet thereon , are f ill J, mailer ,
pointed at the ends , and broad at the bottoms , cn-
compalfng it like the lajl : the Flowers are /mail
,utd white , and the Seed VeJJ'cls flat, and Jomcwhal
Jharp pointed.

VIII. The fixth , or American Thlafpi rarely
bearing Seed. Its Root is hard, with many Fibres
adjoining thereto, which tajles jharp like Crefles.
This Plant Branches from the Root divers ways
fomewhat thick, fet with fat green Leaves, fome-
thing long, not very broad, and Jharp pointed, not
notched, dented, or waved on the edges : The
tops of the Branches or Stalks are without
Leaves, but ftored vajily with fmall yellowifh
Flowers, conftfting of four Leaves, which endure
only one day, falling' away for the mofl part , with-
out bearing any Seed, or if any yet very /part ngly :
fo that on the whole Plant , there will [carcely
be four or jive husks of Seed gathered any Tear,
which are flat and a little long, like thofe of the
Manured Woad, in which a contained a Jharp
tafied Seed.

' IX. The feventh, or Candy Tufts, with white
and purple Flowers. Its Root is fmall and hard,
and Perifhes every Tear , after giving its Seed. It k
but a fmall Plant , and feldom fifes above a Foot and
half high, having fmall, narrow, long, and whilifh
green Leaves, notched or denied with three or
four notches on each fide, from the middle to
the point-wards: from among which, rife up
the Stalks , Branched from the Bottom almojl, into
divers fmall Branches-, at the tops whereof
flani many fmall F lowers, put thick together
in an Vmble or Tuft, making them feem to be
fmall, round, double Flowers, of many Leaves,
when as every Flower is fingle, and fiends apart
by it felf, of a fair white color, in fome Plants,
without any fpot : and in others, with a pur-
plifh fpot in the Center or middle , as if fome of
the middle Leaves were purple. In others again,
the whole Flower is purpUJb all over, which appears
beautiful in a Garden. The Seed is contained in
many fmall and flat Seed Vejfels , which fiand
together in an Viable , as the Flower did : in
which are contained , fomewhat reddifh Seed , like un-
to fome of the other forts of Thlafpies, or Treacle
Multard.

X. The eighth, or Spanifh Tufts. The Root
cf this is much like the former : from whence come
Leaves (before any Stalk fprings up) which are a
little toothed or finely denied about the edges : the
Stalk is about the height of the former , but fpreads
not it felf out fo much into Branches -, but carries
an Vmble of purplijb Flowers like unto the former -,
after which comes the Seed, which is of fome thing
a paler yellow color.

XI. The ninth, or Great white Candy Treacle
Muftard. Its Root is fmall and Fibrous, and abides
many Tears, not dying Annually as the others clo.
From whence J firing up feveralhard and fmall Stalks,
bearing a few long and narrow Jharp pointed fmcolh
Leaves, fet one above another up to the tops, where
grow Umb/es of white Flowers, in broad round
Tufts, fomewhat larger than in thofe of the former
Kind at Self. IX. aforegoing. The Seed Vejfels
are greater alfo , with a Pointel in the middle of
them

XII. The tenth, or Ivy Leav’d Treacle Muftard.
It s Root is fmall, long, and Fibrous , perijhing every
Tear : which fends up many weak , Jlender Stalks,
leaning downwards , or rather creeping upon the
Ground, fcarcely raifmg it felf above a Span high,
or not much higher-, thefe Stalks are difperfedly Jet,

with fmall broad Leaves, thick and Jhort, broad at
the bottom , cornered about the middle, and pointed
at the end, fomewhat refembhng Ivy Leaves. The
Flowers are fmall and white, growing Spike fajhion
at the tops of the Stalks or Branches : which being
paft away, fmall Seed Vejfels come in their places,
which are parted at the ends, and contain fmall Seed.
Jharp and hot like the other Thlalpies.

XIII. The eleventh, or Common Towers 01
Towering Muftard. Its Root is compofedof many
white Fibres or Strings , abiding after it has given
its Seed: but bang Jhcd, there fprings up Jeveral
FI ants before Winter, 'which Jo abide, and Flower
and Seed the next Summer. This Common Kind
has many rough hairy Leaves , full of Sap or juice
of a deep green color, about two Inches long, and
and more than one broad, pointed Jharp at the ends,
broadeji in the middle , nothing denied about the
edges, lying round about the Head of the Root upon
the Ground. From among which rife up, fever al
rough and hairy Stalks almofi two Feet high-, fet
orderly withfuch like Leaves, one above another on
all fide s, but encompaffng them at the bottom, which
are narrower than the afore deferibed GroundLeaves,
longer, or /harper pointed, broader at their joining
to the Stalk, with two round corners. At the tops
of the Stalks , which are feldom Branched , come
forth very many fmall while Flowers , as if were in a
Tuft, together -, blit Flowering by degrees, the low-
ermoll frfi, and fo gradually upwards, they bring
forth long fender Pods prejently after, which (land-
ing upright, round. about the Stalks, before the high-
eft Flowers are bfown, each whole Stalk feems like
a Pyramid , or Spire Steeple or Tower, from whence
came its Name. In which Cods or Pods are
contained, fmall , brown , and (harp biting Seed.

XIV. The twelfth, or Andkafi Multard, or
Turkey Crels. The mote cbmfaon or. .-known Arabian
Multard {for there are 8 or 9 Kinds more, all

.

Arabian Mu/lard, or
Turky Crejs.

Strangers

J

Chap. 514.

759

Strangers to us) has a long, white , creeping Root
with many Fibres adjoining to it, which abides all
Winter and penjhes not -. but creeping along under
Ground , it fends up in Several places many ft ran
Stalks which are ft leaked, and Jet about with gray-
ifh green Leaves, fomewhat broad, and not very long,
a little pointed at the end, and broad at the bottom
comparing them - but thofe which grow at the foot
of them have each of them a Jhort Joot Stalk, and
are all of them unevenly denied about the edges :
the tops of the Stalks are Spread into fame Branches,
all of them rifwg to an equal height with many
(mall white Flowers fet thereon, conftfting of Jour
'Leaves apiece, and forming a large Vnib/e or lift
where after they are pafi, come forth filial! round
Seed VelTels, divided into two parts , like fame of
the former Thlafpies ,with a fmallFointel at the end-,
in each part of which is contained one Seed-, which
i, hot and Sharp, as are alfo the Leaves.

XV T he Places. Tne firft and third have
been found growing Wild in feveral parts of Eng-
land, as half a Mile from Hatfield by the Rivers
fide under an Hedge, as you Travel to Hatfield,
and in the Street of Beckham on Surry fide. The
i'econd and fourth are alfo Natives of our Land
and . have been found growing Wild in feveral
places ■ thefe four firft Kinds grow Wild in Corn-
Fields ’ upon Ditch Banks, and in Sandy dry and
Barren Grounds, and in Stony and Untitled places.
The firft of them Gerard fays, he found m Corn-
Fields between Croydon and Godftone in fttcry,
at South-fleet in Kent-, and by the Path which leads
from Hornfey ("near London) to Waltbam-Crofs,
and inmany other places. The others he fays were
alfo found growing Wild in England, m feveral
places, which he gathered, and placed in his Gar-
den. The fifth, fixth, feventh, eighth, ninth, and
Twelfth grow with us only in Gardens, as do alfo
the firft ’four. The tenth, Label fays grows in
Tort/and, and about P/inwuth, and upon other
Rocky places, on the Sea Coafts of England.
This fays Jobnfon, is a little creeping Herb, having
fmall red, crefted Stalks, about a Span high; its
Leave’s are’ thick , and fafhioned like Ivy-, and the
white Flowers and fmall Seeds do in fhape and tafte
referable the Th/afpies. The eleventh delights to
grow more in the open Sun upon Hilly Grounds:
ft has been found growing in the Weft of England,
upon Dunghills and fuch like places: Gerard fays,
he found it by the City Walls of Weli-Chelhr :
alfo in a Flax Ground near Cambridge-, and at Fyms
near Edmondton, not far from London.

XVI T he Times. They molt of them Flower
from May, through June and July to Auguft, and
their Seed is ripe about a Month after. The
feventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth, Flower about
the end of June or beginning of July ; and their
Seed is ripe not long after. The eleventh Flowers
for the molt part early, fometimes in April, but
ufually in May , and the Seed is ripe m June. The
twelfth Flowers about the end of May, through
June and July , its Seed ripening in the mean
Seafon.

XVII. The Vitalities. Treacle Muflard fthe
four firlt Kinds are chiefly ufed, and of them the
third Species is principal, and that which is always
ufed in Venice Treacle and Mithridate ) is hot and
dry in the end of the third Degree, or beginning of
the fourth : Parkinfon determins it to be abfolutely
hot in the fourth Degree, and near unto CreJJ'es. It
is Attenuating, Attraaive, Aperitive, Abfterfive,
Inciding, Cofmetick , Carminative, Digeftive,
Diuretick, Stomatick, Neurotick, Nephrmck,
Hyfterick, and Alexipharmick * for thar its Seed is
an Ingredient in Mithridate , and Treacle as afore-

faid, being of it felf an Antidote refilling Poifon:
Venom, and putrifacfion, where, by its (harpnels it
acuates thofe Compofi cions.

XVKJ. The Specification. It provokes the Terms
powerfully, and facilitates the Birth of Women in
Labor, and expells the After-Birth. And has all
the other Specifick properties of Common Muftard
Seed , which fee in Chap. 511.

XIX. The Preparations and Virtues , are the
fime alfo with thofe of the Common Muftard
Seed , in the aforecited Chap. 511. to which you
are referred, but it is thought that the Treacle
Muftard is the weaker (if any difference is) of the
two.

XX. Not a. t. The Ponder of the Seed , given
to a Dram or more, forcibly brings down the Terms
in Women, and caufes Mifcarriage, for which caufe
Women with Child ought to forbear it. 2. A
Clyftcr made of it with Mutton Broth, and Exhibited,
gives eafe in the Sciatica, lb alfo, 3. A Cataplafm
of it applyed to the Hip or Huckle Bone, draws
out the Humor , and eafes the Pain. 4. The Ara-
bian Muftard is as hot and fharp as any of the
Th/afpies , and is effectual to the fame purpofes
and according to Diof corides , is ufed inltead of
Pepper to be put among Broths and Meats. 5. The
PtiJ'ane made of its Seed is available to cut tough
Flegm, which Huffs up the Brelt and Lungs, and
caule an eafie Expectoration thereof.

CHAP. DXIV.

Of the MYRTIL L,

I. np HE Names. It is called by the Arabians,
X As, Aes , & Alas: in Greek , xj

(Avppfait : Pena fays, fic vocatum volunt , propter amu-
lam Myrrh a odor is gratidm , in ejus baccis recenti-
bus : others a Myrfine Athenienfi puella arnica Pal-
ladis. Alfo Mt/’fT©- ly. uvfat'yit, ab odore Myrrh a •, vel
Upvtov, redolens: in Latine , Myrtllus , Myrfine ,
£7 Myrtus : in Englijh , the Myrtle.

II. The Kinds. There is the Myrtle Tree or
Shrub , of a confiderable Magnitude, of which we
fhall not treat in this Chapter, but refer you to the
proper place, in the fecond Book of this Work.
What we fhall difconrfe of here, is a fmall bufhy
Plant, fcarcely removed from the degree of an
Herb, and is called Myrtus Nobilis , alfo Myrtillus ,
from the fmallnefs of the Plant being compared
with the Alyrtus Arbor: This alfo is an Inhabitant
of our Gardens , tor which reafon we give it a
Place here. There are two Kinds of it, viz.
1. Myrtus minor Tarentina. A\yrtus minor vulga-
ris Lobelij , Myrtus Nobilis prima , Myrtillus Nobi-
lis primus , Myrtus minor acuto folio , Myrtillus No-
bilis acuto folio , The prime Noble Myirtle, or
fmall fharp pointed Myrtle. 2. Alyrtus minor folio
rotundiore , Myrtillus Nobilis alter , The other
Noble Myrtle, or fmall roundifh or BoxLeav’d
Myrtle.

T be Descriptions,

III. The firft, or Trime Noble Myrtle, or fharp
pointed Myrtle. It has a Branched Woody Root.

fpread

760 SalmotiV Herbal. Lib. 1.

fpread out into many Arms , zvitb fever al Fibres ad-
joining to them. It is a little low bufhy Riant rifing
up to be two or three Feet high , which fpreads it
Jelf out into many Branches from the main Stalk ,
w whereby it looks like a f 'mall Bufh every Akm or
Branch , and T wig cf which , are thick Jet with
finally fine and green , narrow , fhming Leaves , with
fmooth edges , and a little J harp pointed at the ends ,

Myrtle Nolle Common.

very much in fhape refembling the Leaves of Marum
or Herb Maftick, but of a little deeper , or frefher
green color , which abide green Summer and Winter,
even through the whole Tear , as all the forts of
Myrtles t/a, which is of a very fweet and odoriferous
Smell , very much gratifying that Sence. for which
reafon it is called Myrtillus Nobilis, The Noble or
Excellent Myrtle. The Flowers are white , and
very fweet alfo , not differing in form , from the
Flowers of other Myrtles, but grow not plentifully
on the Branches , in our Country , by reafon of the
coldnefs of our Climate : The Flowers being pafi
away fmall Berries fucceed , zohich zvhen ripe , are
in warmer Climates of a black color , but fe/dom
come to perfection in our Country , by reafon of
the coldnefs thereof how well foever tioufed or de-
fended.

IV. The fecond , or other Noble Myrtle,' or Box
Leav’d Myrtle. This grows in its Roots , Stalks ,
Branches , and in all other points like the former •,
in refpeU. to its magnitude , placing of its Leaver ,
deep greennefs of their color , /fe/afc growing of the
Branches , and thick Jetting of the Leaves thereon ,
f/w/ it might be thought , by the looker on , be the

fame with the former , without good heed to , and ob-
fervation thereof by comparing the one zvith the
other j but the Leaves of this are a little broader ,
<7/7t/ fomewhat rounder at the ends , w/

Alyrtle Nolle Box-Leav'd.

unlike to the fmalleft Leaves; , 0/ the fmallejl fort
of Box, w ivV/ci/ Dutch Box:, by zohich alone , it
appears to be a differing Kind from the former , and
in nothing elfe. The Flowers are like the Hr (l, and
grow cut f pari ngl)\ and the fweet S me 1ft and beauti-
ful AfpeU of the Riant , rt/r full as much and plea-
fant , and altogether the fame with tint juft befoie
deferibed.

V. The Rlaces. Thefe Myrtles grow naturally
in Spain, Tortuga ft Italy , and other hot Countries
in great abundance. Thefe here with us are Nurft
up in Gardens ^ or put into Pots, which may be
removed into Houfes. and fo taken care of, that as
foon as cold Weather begins to come, they may be
fheltered from the fame. They are a pleafant de-
lightful Plant, and great Ornaments to a Garden ,
as being among the Number of the molt defirable
Ever-Greens.

VI. The Times. In their native places, they
Flower in A/./yand June and their Fruit or Berries
are ripe in September ^ but with us, they Flower
not untill Auguft at fooneft ^ which is the reafon
that they leldom or never bear Fruit in Eng-
land.

VII. The .Qualities. The Noble Myrtle is hot
and dry in the beginning of the fecond Degree 5
and of fine, thin, and Volatile parts, as well as
Earthy. It is Ablterfive, Alhingent, Diuretick and
Vulnerary: Pettoral, Nephritick, Flyfterick and
Alexipharmick.

VIII. The Specification. It refills Poifon, Itopsthe
Terms and Whites in Women, provokes Urine,
gives eafe in the Strangury , Stops all forts of
Fluxes of the Bowels, and heals Wounds and
Ulcers.

IX. The Trepanations. You may have from
the Leaves or Fruit, or both, i. A Liquid
Juice. 2. An Jn/pifjate Juice. 5. A De coition
in Wine. 4- A De coll ion in Water. , 5. A Syrup.

6.

Chap. 514. ‘Enpjijb Herbs .

7 61

fi

6. A Ponder of the Leaves or fruit. 7. A Lotion.
8. Myrtidanum. 9. -4 Decoded Oil. Io.il Bal-
Jam. 11. A Syrup Compound. 12. A Compound
Oil.

The Virtues.

X. The Liquid Juice or Effence. They Hop all effu-
fions of Blood in what part foever, whether inward
or outward both in Men and Women. They flop Ca-
tarrhs, and the mod vehement Coughs, and are
>ood to heal Exuleerations in the Lungs. They
Aop fpitting or pilling of Blood, the Blood;; Flux,
and all other Fluxes of the Bowels, and are incom-
parable Medicaments again!! the Whites, as alfo
the overflowing of the Terms in Women. Drank
in Wine they refill Poifon, the Bitings of Veno-
mous creatures, and the malignity of MuJhroms ,
and caufe a fweet Breath, where it is foetid or
Sinking. Dofe 1, 2, or 3 Spoonfuls Morning
and Night in a Glafs of Red Port Wine.

XL The lnfpiffate Juice. It has all the Virtues
of the former, and may he given Morning and
Night, from 1 Dram to 3 Drams in a Glafs of Ge-
nerous’Red Wine, Mull’d and lweetned with white
Sugar. It is a moll excellent thing for the Cure
of a Gonorrhea. , whether Ample or virulent, Uni-
verfals being firfl premifed : for it not only Sops
the Gonorrhea , bur alfo (Lengthens the parts, tho’
they have been much weakned through the long
continuance of the Difeafe.

XII. T he DeeoOion tn Wine. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Ejjence and Juice , whether Liquid or In-
fpiffate. It cures a Linking Breath, refilts and ex-
pels Poifon, is good againft the Palpitation and
Paffions of the Heart, the Bitings of Serpents,
Mad-Dogs, and other Venomous Creatures, and 1
heals Ulcers of the Reins, Ureters, and Bladder;'
bathed very hot upon the Nerves, Tendons, and
Joints , it takes away their weaknefles , and
admirably {Lengthens them. And fo it helps to
confolidate broken Bones ; and reftore Srength to
Joynts that have been dillocated. A Decotlion of
the Bernes cures a Scald or Scabby Head , and
cleanfes it from ScurfF and Morphew, being often
walhed therewith: it alfo keeps the Hair from
falling, and makes it of a black color : and being
daily drank, it is faid to cure Ruptures or buriten-

nexm. T he DecoSion in Water. It is good for
any one to fit in, who are troubled with the falling
down of the Fundament, as alfo for Women to fit
in who are afflifled with the falling down of the
Womb. It makes alfo an excellent InjeUion to
call up the Womb with a Womb Spring, 2, 3, or
4 times a Day, to Hop and cure the overflowing
of the Whites, it cleanfes and very much {Lengthens

* 5&V.S'Tfe Syrup made of the green Leaves , or
Juice, or of the fruit. It is a molt excellent thing
againll fpitting or pilling of Blood , exulcerations
of the Lungs, and other Bowels, Ulcers of the
Reins, and Neck of the Bladder : Hops the molt
vehement Coughs and Catarrhs, and after Univer-
iitls, prevails againll the molt obdurate Althma’s,
caufing an eafie expefloration of the Morbid Mat-
ter : and being conltanrly taken for fome confidera*
hie time, it is faid to confolidate Ruptures in
Children.’ Dofe is 2 or 3 Spoonruls Morning,

Noon and Night, in a Glafs of Red Port or Barce-
lona Wine-, or alone, drinking a Glafs of the fame
Wine alter it, but in a Vehement Cough, the Patient
mutt be often taking of it, or licking it, even as

often as the Cough is violent upon them, or trou-
bles them.

XV. T he Ponder of the Leaves or Fruit. It
may be given in a Glafs of Red Port or Barcelona
Wine, or in the former Syrup, either with the Syrup
alone, or mixt with any of thofe Wines, Morning
and Night from 2 Scruples to a Dram and halft or
more, for all the purpofes and Intentions for which
the Effence , Juices Liquid or lnfpiffate, Decotlion
or Syrup are given for ; tho’ I do not think it to be
of equal power with the Juices or Effence. Strewed
upon bleeding Wounds it Hops their bleeding: and
put upon old rotten or putrid Seres and Ulcers, it
deftroys the putridity, cleanfes them, incarnates,
drys and induces their healing. Put upon a Whit-
low, or Fellon, which is laid open, it cures them.
And applyed to the Groyns, Privy parts, and Arm*
pics which Itink, or are affected with a [linking
Sweat, it drys them, and takes away the ill
Smell.

XVI. The Lotion. Take of Red Port Wine a
Quart ; of the lnfpiffate Juice 2 Ounces ; or for
want of it, of the. Liquid Juice 6 Ounces ; of the
Syrup 8 Ounces-, Ponder of Roch Alum, half an
Ounce ; mix and diffolve. It is good againll moift,
running, and fretting Sores and Ulcers in any part
of the Body; and indeed it has been found by
experience to cure all Ulcers which are hard and
difficult to be healed ; it is profitable againll Blains,
and Wheals and other breakings out in the Skin:
as alfo to Foment hot withall in the falling dowm
of the Fundament; it heals Whitlows and Ft! Ions
on the Fingers ends, and Ulcerated Kibes in Chil-
drens Feet: it heals all forts of Ulcers in the
Mouth, Throat, and Private parts: and put into
the Eyes takes away their Inflamation, Watering
andSorenefs, and clears the Eye Sight, taking away
any Cloud ot Film , which is beginning to grow
over them.

XVII. Myrtidanum. This Pliny lib. 14. cap. 18.
lib. 15. cap. 29. & lib. 23. cap. 9. makes to be a
Myrtle Wine, or Wme of Myrtle Berries-, which
according to him has almolt all the Virtues aferibed
to all the former Preparations : It may be made of
the Leaves as well as of the Fruit, by beating the
green Leaves in a Wooden Mortar, then adding
Red Wine in a fufficient quantify, and therewith
they prefs out the Juice, and fo make a Wine there-
of by a gentle Fermentation : But new Wine ought
to be cholen, viz. that which is new preffed from the
Grape called Muff , and is yet unfermented. If
it is made, of the Berries only, they ought to be
thorough ripe: and fo they ought to be if the
Leaves be joyned with them.

XVIII. Myrtidanum Apophyas, The Excrefcence
growing upon the Myrtle. It is often found upon
old Myrtles. It has all the Virtues of the Myrtle
and Myrtle Berries ; and is faid to be of greater
force to dry, bind, Hop Coughs, Bleeding, Flux-
es, &c. than either the Leaf, Juice, Effence, Lou-
der, or Berries of the Myrtle: And you may
make thereof all the aforegoing Preparations, and
give them in like manner, for all the fame intenti-
ons and purpofes.

XIX. The Decoded Oil. It is good to difeufs
and give eaie to the Hemorrhoids or Piles, being
anointed thereon; it difeufles alfo Swelling in the
Tefticles, as alfo Tumors in other parts of the
Body, and is good to heal Wheals, Boils, Pimples,
and other breakings out in the Skin, and gives eafe
to the Gout, and other pains of the Nerves and
Joints.

XX. The Balfam. It heals fimple Green Wounds
at a few times dreffing ; cleanfes old putrid Ulcers,
incarnates, drys and induces their healing. Ap-

5 E plyed

762 Salmon/ Herbal, Lib. I.

plyed to the Gout, it gives eafe in a (hort time,
and in Come reafonable time after cures it-. It is alio
good to cure Punftures or Wounds of the Nerves
and Tendons, being applyed very hot to them ac-
cording to Art.

- XXI. The Compound Syrup. Take Myrtle Berries
7 Ounces and half, Sanders white and red , Sumach.
Ba/aufujns^ Barberries , cf each an Ounce and half :
Medici's cut half a Found : bruijc and boil all in
fair Water 8 Founds , till half is con fumed -, then
jl rain out, and add Juice of Quinces. Juice of four
Fomgranets , of each 6 Ounces : and with white Su-
gar 4 Pounds , boil them into a Syrup , adding the
Juices towards the end. It is good againft all forts
of Fluxes of the Bowels and Hemorrhages, chiefly
Spitting of Blood: it is cooling, binding and
ftrengthning, relilts Vomiting and Nauleoufnefs,
comforts and ftrengthens the Stomach, and is pro-
fitable againlt a Catarrh and an old Cough ; it is
faid to cure Ruptures and flop the Whites in Wo-
men. Dofe 2 Spoonfuls.

XXII. The Compound Oil. Take Myrtle Berries
well bruifed a Pound : Jharp Wine a Pint : Juice oj
Quinces , and Juice of Mint, of each a quarter of
a Pound : Oil Omphactne 4 Pounds : mix them well
and fet all in the hot Sun , or in an equivalent Sand
heat for a Week, then boil and prefs out the Berries *,
and repeat this Operation twice more with frefh
Bernes , infolating , boiling and prejfing out as before,
and then keep it for life. It admirably flrengthens
■weak Limbs and Joints, faftens loofe Gums and
Teeth ; and anointed on the Temples, Cheeks,
Jaws, and Gums, gives eafe in the Tooth-ach :
The Hair of the Head being Shaved off, and this
Oil being anointed thereon, it faftens the Roots of
the Hair, and hinders the fliedding thereof: it,
flrengthens the Nerves, Brain, Stomach and Joints,
flays Vomiting, and flops Fluxes, being anointed
on the Stomach and Belly, and ufed Clyfter-
wife.

NAILE-WORT, fee Whitlow-Grafs. Chap.

CHAP. DXV.

Of NAVEL --WORT;

0 R,

PENNY-WORT.

I. 'T' H E Names. It is called in Creek, Kirv-
X Cotyledon, ab Acetabuli five Umbilici

figure : in Latine, Umbilicus Veneris , Acetabulum,
Cotyledon, Scatum Cceli , ScuteUum, Terrse Umbilicus
Hort m Veneris, Herba Coxendtcum-, in Englijb ’
Navel-wort , Penny-wort , Kidney-wort, Hip-wort ’
and Venus Navel .

II. The Kinds. This Plant leems to be a Species
or fort of Sedum, or Houfleek : and thereof Au-
thors have given us many Kinds, fome of which,
becaufe they are total ftrangers in our Country, we
Itell pretermit, and deferibe to you only thefe fol-

lowing, which are found to grow either Wild, or
elfe Nurltup in our Gardens. I. Umbilicus Venc-
ris vulgaris. Cotyledon , Term Umbilicus, ScuteUum,
Hortus Veneris , our Common Navel-wort, Wall
Penny-wort , or Kidney-wort. 2. Cotyledon altera
Malthioli -, Umbilicus Veneris alter, Spotted Navel-
wort. 3. Cotyledon altera minor folio fubrotundo-.
Cotyledon miner Montana altera , Imall Navel-wort'
with foundilh Leaves. 4 Cotyledon altera f/oribtts
verjicohribus , fmall Navel-wort with party color’d
Flowers. 3. Cotyledon feu Sedum lot if. hum j, erratum
collate fore ; jedum Montanum, vel fedum fera-
tum Vlore rubente Maculato, fpotted Navel-wort
with Saw-like broad Leaves, Tire Princes Feather.
To thele may be added, 6. Cotyledon paluftris ,
Water Navel-Wort or Penny-wort. Columna and
Baubine refer this to the Ranunculi or Crowfeer,
for it has no affinity with the Cotyledons , but only
in the roundneis of the Leaf; the former of them
call it Ranunculus aquaticus Umbihcafo folio and
the latter Ranunculus aquaticus Cotyledonis folio-
in the North of England they call it lVhite Rot:
and in Norfolk , F lock-wort. 7. Umbilicus Veneris
(Mcmirum Loriiceri ; Cotyledon hederaceo folio
Cymbal, iria hederacea Labe/ij ; Cymbalaris , Cymbala-
ria, Linaria bedera: folio Columna , Ivy Leav’d Na-
vel-wort, or Ivy-wort; this is -likewife no more a
Cotyledon than the former, but Gerard has placed it
among the Species. 8. Umbilicus martnus, Coty-
ledon Marina 1 .obeli] fungus Martnus minimus
Cafalpini , Sea Navel-wort. Neither is this a Spe-
cies of the Cotyledon, but for the Name lake it has
a place in this Chapter; but that of Cxfatpinus is
the more proper Name. Some will have it to be
the Androfa.ee Diofcoridis , but what plant that was,
is fcarcely now known.

T he Defcriptioiu.

III. The firft , or Our Common Navel-wort,
Wall Penny-wort , or Kidney-wort. It has a Root

Navel-wort Common .

Chap. 515. TinoUjb Herb. 1

which is round, fomething like unto the full Root
of an Orchis or Dog Stone, tnoft ufually fmooth,
but fometimes rugged or knobbed , grayifh without ,
and white within , having a great many fmall Fibres,
(not at the bottom of the Root, but ) at the top of the
Root , or foot of the Stalk , more refembling the
Root of an Orchis than the Root of an Houileek.
This Our great Navel-worr, hat many thick, flat,
and round Leaves growing from the Root , every
one having a long foot Stalk, fafined underneath,
about the middle thereof, fometimes a little un-
evenly waved about the edges , of a pale green
color , and Joint imes hollow on the upper fide like
a Spoon or Sawccr from among which rife up,
one or more tender, fmooth, hollow Stalks, half a
Root high , with two or three Jmall Leaves thereon,
not ufually round, as thofe below, but fomething
long , ana divided at the edges : the tops are
fometimes divided into long Branches, bearing a
great number of Rendulous Flowers , Jet round
about a long Spike, one above another, which are
hollow and like a little Bell, of a whitifh green color.
After which come Jmall Heads , containing very
Jmall brownifh Seed, which falling on the Ground,
will plentifully Spring up before Winter, if the
Seafon is moift.

IV. The fccond, or Spotted Navel-wort. Its
Root is Jmall, long, and thready, fhooting out fuch
Heads of Leaves as are under defer ibed , which
abide all the Winter, thofe bearing Flowers perifh-
ing . This Spotted Navel-wort (as many call it )
has many thick Jmall Leaves, not Jo broad as long,
of a whitifh green color, lying on the Ground in
Circles, after the manner of the Heads of Houfleek,
and finely dented about the edges. From the middle
whereof fometimes ( for it docs not Flower every
Tear in many places ) rifes up a Stalk nearly a Foot
high, befet with fuch like Leaves as are below, but
fomewhat longer. From the middle of the Stalk up
to the top, it Branches forth varioujly , with a Leaf
at every Joint , bearing three or four Flowers at
every Branch, confifiing of Jive white Leaves, f pot-
ted with Jmall red Spots -, like unto the Spotted Sa-
nicle, but with fewer and greater Spots , having a
yellowifh Circle or Eye in the bottom of every Flower,
and many whitifh Threads, with yellowifh tips in it.
The Seed is Jmall and black , contained in round
Heads.

V. The third, or fmall Navel-wort , with
round ifh Leaves- Its Root is fmall and Fibrous
like the former , fending forth Heads of the like
Leaves , as thofe of the other Head round about it.
This fmall Navel-wort has much rounder and
fmaller Leaves in the Heads than the former, not
Jo big as the Nail of ones Thumb, and of as pale a
green color, or more white, and finely dented about
the edges, in the fame manner of an afiringent Tape
like the other Houlleeks. From the middle of fome
of the Heads, Tearly rife up, flender, hard, rough
Stalks , about an hand length high , Jet with a few
fmaller , and longer Leaves thereon : at the tops
whereof appear fmall Flowers upon long foot
Stalks, confiff ing of five and fometimes fix Leaves
apiece-, fometimes wholly white, and fometimes
/potted with red Spots-, and fometimes having
three purple Lines, running down the back of
every Leaf, fo that it makes the whole Leaf
feem of a purplifh color , which being pafl away,
fmall Heads follow , containing within them fmall
Seed.

VI. The fourth, or Small Navel-wort with
particolored Flowers. This has a Root like the laft,
and grows in like manner with many Heads of fmall
Leaves circle wife as that does, of which this is a
peculiar fort , greater than the fmaller Cotyledons, |

°i f mailer than the great efi : each of which Leave £
* fomething long and narrow, of a whitifh green
color, dented cut it were about the edges-, or rather
Jet with Silver white Spots about their Bums
making them fee,,, hke unto white Jecth , (or a,
Cielner compares them , to the Silver like Finns of
Fijhes) very pleaf ant to behold: for in the Winter
when no Flowers^ appear , this and the lafi as
a/Jo the Jecond Species being all of one Genus
give as much delight , as when they are in
Homer, which are many funding on feveral
foot Stalks , each Leaf whereof is part white
and pan Purple, varioujly diver fifed m every one
of them. y

c ' or Spotted Navel-wort , with

Saw like broad Leaves, called by fome the Princes
feather. Its Roots are fmdl threads, which fpread
under the Ground, and foot up again, with Jeveral
Heads round about the Mother Head. This kind of
Navel-VVort, or Houileek, is compofcd of Heads of
‘arger, broader, and thinner Leaves, than any of
the Jormer of a f aider green color, fomewhat un-
evenly indented about the edges, and not fo clofe fet
together but fpreading forth into feveral Heads
hke as the former forts do, altho not fo plentiful-
ly. from the middle of divers of which Heads
nje up brownifh or reddifh Stalks , ft with fmaller
Leaves thereon, to the middle thereof, and then
oranch forth into fever a l Sprigs, fet with feveral
Jmall readtjh Homers, conflfling of five Leaves a-
ptecei the inner fide s of which, are of a pale red ,
fomewhat whtijh, f petted mtb many fmall Blood red

fmfn- “'rfi at Fins

Jmall Threads w the middle, Jl ending about a fmall
green Head, winch turns into the Seed Veffel, parted
fi>fr ^ytat the Head, in which is contained fmall
blackifh Seed.

VIII. The fixth, or Water Navel-wort, or Pen-
ny-wort. This is called by the Husband Men in
Jome /tor Sheep-Bane, becauf it kills Sheep which
eat thereof The form of the Leaf is not much

t 'f. ’b'fd Species aforegoing, but it is not

°f a fiefhy thicknefs like it, nor are the round edges
of the Leaves fo even as that. It bar a fmall
rwrous Root , and is a creeping Riant • lying and
creeping upon the Ground, and taking Root almofi
at every Joint: From every Joint of which a/fo
fffitigs forth a Leaf, round, and cu it were Scol-
lop d, having about f even Scollops , round the edge
°I “ '. “Jiands upon a pretty long foot Stalk, which
is fafined to the lower fide of the Leaf about the
middle thereof. And from mofi of the Joints with
the Leaves, comes forth a Flower, fianding alfo
upon a long foot Stalk. J

IX. The feventh , or Ivy Leav’d Navel-wort
or Ivy-worr. Its Root is fmall and Fibrous which
Jcnds forth a fmall Herb creeping upon the
Ground with Jlendcr firingy Branches, all about
taking hold 0) Walls , or any thing it meets’-
footing out again at every Joint Jmall Fibrous
Roots into the Earth , all along cu it runs. At
the feveral Joints grow fmall broad Leaves
cut in on the edges into corners , fomewhat like
umo a corner'd Ivy Leaf each fianding upon a
Jmall and firingy foot Stalk: at the Joynts like-
wje come forth Jeveral fmall Flowers upon fen-
der foot Stalks , fajhwned hke unto a Snap Dra-
gon, or f luellen Flower , with a Tail or Spur
behind it ; mixed with yellow , whitifh , and
purple colors-, and the Spurs at it were, wajhed
over imth a purphjh color a/fo-, which being pall
0Kwy , in their places fucceed fmall round
Heads, containing within them Jmall black, fit

jE a

X. John-

Salmons Herbal . Lib. I.

Navel-Wort Ivy heav'd.

X. Jobnfon upon Gerard, Defcribes the laft
Plant thus. It has a Root which is J mall , creeping
and threaddy. The "Branches of this Riant are
many, tong, fender , and creeping, upon which grow
without arty certain order , many little, fmooth,
thick Leaves , fajhioned like thofe ef Ivy, and faft-
ned to fool Stalks of about an Inch long : and together
with thefe Stalks, come forth other Stalks of the
fame length , that bear Spur-fafhioned F lowers, of
the Jhape, and bignefs of thofe of the Female FIu-
ellen : their outjide is purple , their tnfi.de blew ,
with a Spot of yellow in the opening.

XI. The eighth, or Sea Navel-wort. This is
generally called by divers Authors Androface

Navel-wort Sea.

Mdtthioli , becaufe he firft fet it forth, being
fent to hira from Pifa in Italy ^ but it no ways
agrees with the Androface Diofcoridis. This
is a Sen Excrefcence , formed Ufa fmall round
Sawcers , hollowifh in the middle , like unto a Na-
ve /, and born up by fmall , fmooth loot Stalks ,
about two Inches long , every one by its felf fpring-
ing from feme Stone , Rock , or Shell in the Sea ,
or Salt Lake's , being of a pale greenifh AJh co-
lor, while jl growing under Water , but afterwards
grow as white almoft as Coral, or the like , wl
of a Stony Subfiance.

XII. Gerard Defcribes it thus. Sea Navel-wort
has many round thick Leaves , like unto little Saw -
cers. Jet upon fmall and tender Stalks , bright ,
fhining , and fmooth , of two Inches long j for the
mojl part upon the furrowed Shels of Cockles , or
the like : every fmall Stem , bearing upon its end or
point , one little Buckler and no more , refembling
a Navel. The Stalk and Leaf are fet together in
the middle of the Leaf upon which it was called. ,
Umbilicus Marinus, or Sea Navel-wort. The
Leaves and Stalks of this Riant , while]} yet in
the Water , are of a pale AJh color j but taken jorth^
they prcfently groio white and hard , as Sea Mofs
called Corallina, and are of a Saltijl) fajle.

XIII. The P laces. The firft grows very plehti-
fully in many parts of England , but efpecially in all
the Weft of this Land, upon Stone andnMud Walls,
upon Rocks alfo, and in Stony - places upon the
Ground, atthebonoms of old Trees, andfometimes
on the Bodies of them which are decayed and rotten.
It has been found to grow plentifully in North-
hampton, almoft upon every Stone Wall about the
Town-, as alfo at Briflof Bath. Wells , and other
Places , upon Stone Walls. The fecond , third ,
fourth, and fifth, upon the Ryrendtan Hills and
Alps of Switzerland , on Rocks, Mountains and
Stony places in Germany , Hungaria , Aujlria , and
other Countries, where they grow upon the Rocks,
and among the very Stones , where there is icarcely
any Earth for the Roots to fix in , or to nourifh
them : but with us they all grow in Gardens very
well, if they be Planted in fhadowy places, and
not in the Sun. The fixth or Water Navel-wort
grows and creeps upon the furface of the Earth in
Swamps and other moift places ^ it grows on
the Boggs upon Hamjled-Heath , and on many fuch
moift and rotten Grounds in other places. The
feventh, or Ivy Leav’d Navel-wort , grows naturally
in divers places of England Wild, as at Hatfield in
Hartford-fhire , and in other places which are fhady,
in which it delights to grow j as alfo uponThatcht
Houfes in the North parts, as it is laid, and moft
abundantly in Lancafhire -, it alfo grows in many
Gardens throughout the Kingdom , and if it is
planted near any Wall, it will run up the fame to
a confiderable height. The laft will not grow but
in the Sea, as the name thereof imports.

XIV. The Times. The firft Flowers fooner than
any of the others, as at the beginning of May ^ and
the Seed ripening quickly after, Iheds it felf, fo
that about the end of May ufually, the Leaves
and Stalks are withered and gone, untill Sept ember. t
that the Leaves Spring up again, and fo abide all
Winter. The fecond , third , fourth, and fifth
Flower about the beginning of June , and through
the whole Month, and fometimes in July ^ accor-
ding as the Seafons fall out * and their Seed is ripe
in Auguf . Thofe Heads which bear Stalks, uluaL
ly perilhing together, and the others which bear
not, abiding all the extremity of Winter. The
fixth Flowers in the beginning of Summer , and its
Seed ripens not long after, the Plant it felf being
green all Winter. The feventh feldom Flowers till

Chap. 51 6. ‘Englijh Herbs.

the end of July , and in Auguf, and continues many
times Flowering, till a Frofty Seafon comes and
nips it j and the Seed is foon ripe after the Flowers
are withered and gone.

XV. The Qualities. The five firft are cold and
moift in the fecond Degree ; Abfterfive, Difculfive,
and Repercuflive , Anodyn, and Diuretick. The
iixth, is hot and dry in the fourth Degree, and
has all the other Qualities of Water Crowfoot.
The feventh is cold and moift in the fecond De-
gree, and has all the other Qualities of the firft
five.

XVI. The Specification. The firft five cool In-
flamations, repel fluxes of Humors, provoke Urine
and cleanfe the Urinary parts, yet heal Ulcerated
Kidnies : They give eafe in the Gout and Sciatica ;
and are profitable againft Scrophulous Tumors, as
alfo to cure Green Wounds. The feventh has the
like Specifick Vertues; befides which, it is faid to
cure the Whites in Women.

XVII. The Preparations. You may have from
the firft five and the feventh, 1 . A Liquid Juice.
2. A De coition in Water or Wine. 3. A Syrup oj
the Green Herb , or Juice. 4. An Oil by Injolation
or Decoition. $. An Ointment. 6. ACataplafmoj
the Green Herb. 7. A Difilled Water.

The Virtues.

XVIII. The Liquid Juice. It cools, repels,
cleanfes, and eafes pain. It is effe&ual againft all
Inflamations and unnatural Heats, whether inward
or outward. Inwardly taken to a Spoonful or more
in a Glafs of Barley Water or Broth in which a
little of the Juice of an Orange or Limon is fqueez-
ed, it abates the heat of Fevers, quenches Thirft,
refrefhes a fainting Stomach, cools the heat of the
Liver and Bowels, opens obftru&ions and cleanfes
the Reins, Ureters, and Bladder, and takes away
the heat and Raiding of the Urine. The juice of
the Ivy-wort , taken to 2 Spoonfuls Morning and
Night in Red Wine cures the Whites in Wo-
men.

XIX. The Decottion in Water or Wine . In Wa-
ter it has all the former Virtues , and may be given
Morning and Night from 4 to 8 Ounces. In Wine,
it more effectually cures inward Ulcers in Reins or
Bladder: made with Water, and mixed with
white Port Wine when drank, it provokes Urine,
and is available againft the Dropfie : and in the He-
morrhoids or Piles, it gives prefent eafe, the parts
being fomented hot therewith. The Decottion in
Water is good againft heat, rednefs, and Pimples
in the Face, as alio Anthonies Fire, the parts being
well Bathed therewith , Morning , Noon , and
Night : and being drank , it admirably cools the
heat of the Stomach and Liver.

XX. The Syrup of the Green Herb , or Juice.
It has all the Virtues of the Decottion and Liquid
Juice , but not near fo powerful as it: mixt with
Syrup or Juice of Limons , it is good againft Fevers,
quenches Thirft, and comforts a weak and fainting
Stomach. It heals alfo exulcerations of the Lungs,
excoriations of the Bowels, and other inward parrs.
Mixt with the Decottion made in White Wine, it
powerfully provokes Urine, and is profitable a-
gainft the Dropfy.

XXI. The Oil by Infolation or Decottion. It is
made with Oil Ompbacine , or of Unripe Olives.
It cools Inflamations admirably, eafes the pain of
the Piles, and cures Chilblains: and being ap-
plyed, it gives eafe in the Gout and Sciatica.

Anointed upon Scrophulous Tumors in the Neck
and Throat, it eafes the pain, wa'ftes,. and conlumes
them^ anointed upon Chilblains, it takes them
away.

XXII. The Ointment. It has all the Virtues
of th tjuict and 0/7, outwardly ufed. If to every
Ounce of it two Drams of Scammony in fine
Pouder is added, it will be a, molt effe&ual thing
for the cure of all old running Sores and Ulcers,
and will heal ulcerated Kibes almolt to a Miracle.
And above all things, it will digeft, draw, cleanfe,
and induce the healing of ftrumous Ulcers, beyond
moft other Topick Medicaments, being skilfully
applyed. It alfo quickly cures ulcerated Hemor-
rhoids or Piles ; and is an excellent thing againft
rednefs, Scurff, Morphew, Pimples, Scabs, and
other like Defcedations of the Skin.

XXIII. The Cataplafm of the green Herb. Be-
ing immediately applyed upon a Ample Contufion,
it difeufies it, or repels the prefent afflux of Hu-
mors. It eafes pains of the Gout and Sciatica,
abates the Inflamation and Tumor in the Tefticles
and Penis, giving in a little time eafe and re-
lief

XXIV. The Di filled Water. It is Cofmetick,
and good againft moft Defcedations of the Face and
Skin, taking away, Heat, Rednefs, and Inflamati-
on. Inwardly taken being fweetned with the Sy-
rup, it abates the heat of Fevers, cools the Sto-
mach, Liver and Reins, gives eafe in the Strangury,
cleanfes the Reins and Bladder, and takes away the
heat and Raiding of the Urine. Dofe from 2 to
4 Ounces, or more, Morning and Night. It is laid
alfo to heal Ulcers of the Reins and Bladder, be-
ing duly taken for fome confidetable time.

CHAP. DXVI.

Of NAVEW;

0 R,

Long T U R N E P.

I. ' S ' li E Karnes. It is called in Creek ,

X Bounins: in Latins, Kaput and Bunins-,
in Englijh, Kavew, or Long Turnep.

II. The Kinds. We may very well take Navew
to be a Species of the Turnep, for the Sweet
Garden Kind, eats like it, and full as well or rather
better and fweeter, being drefl: like the Common
Turnep. This Plant is either I . Bm«i ly-iru, Bu-
nins five Kaput Horten fts, Kapus dulcis. Garden
Navew, or Sweet Navew, or Navew Gentle. 2
Bmv iyem., Bunias agrejiis, Kaput Sy/veflris Do-
dontti C Lugdunenfis, Rapum Sy/vejire Tragi , Ka
pus agrejiis Turneri , Wild Navew.

The Defcriptions.

III. The Garden Navew, or Navew Gentle, k
like unto the Turnep, in its Stalks , Leaves, flow-
ers, and Seed, as alfo in its Jhape and manner of
growing- but the Leaves of the Navew are much
/mouther : it alfo differs in the Root, for the Turnep
is round , almofi like a Ball, but the Root of the

Navew

"1 6 6 Salmons Herbal. Lib, L

Navew is long , and much ft retched oat in length , '
■whereby it f cents to be degenerated from the jorm
of the Common Turnep. This Garden Navew,
dr Navew Gentle is aljo of two Kinds , viz. The
greater and the leffer. The greater is long and
great , alnioft as large as the fhort Carrot, but for

Navew Gentle, or Garden, f mailer .

Navew Gentle Garden greater.

the tno ft part of an uneven le nth and roundnefs,
to the very end, where it fends from its Jides fever al
[mail long Fibres. The fmaller in its growth and
appearance above Ground , is in all things like the
former , differing only in its Root , which is very
much leffer , for it is fomewhat round with its lengthy
and is about twice as big ds a Mans Thumb , fome
bigger , fome leffer ■ both thefe are fo like to the
Common Garden Turnep, in Stalks , Leaves , Flow-
ers, and Seed , that they are hardly to be known
af under,

IV. The Wild Navew. Its Root is like wife fome -
what Tuberous , round and long with all, of the big -
nefs of a Mans Thumb , or fomewhat larger , with
fever al Fibres fpringing from it towards the bottom.
Its Leaves are long, fnooth , and not Hairy, and
more deeply jagged than the Garden Kind. The

Navew Wild

Flowers are alfo yellow, and the Seed in fmall Pods
like the former, but more hot, fharp, and biting,
Whofoeverfays Lobel has feenor known the Garden
Navew, or Navew Gentle, will even upon the fight
of this , judge it to be the Wild fort, it is fo like
thereto.

V. Not a. There is a difference between Bunins,
and Bunt urn , (tho’ Pliny by a miftake makes them
but one Plant) for Bunias is truly the Navew, of
which we treat in this Chapter ; whereas Bunium ,
is a kind of Daucus Petrofelini vel Coriandri folio,
of which opinion are Bauhinus If Dalechampius.
Galen likewife puts no difference between tcy] wau*
Gongule, Rapum , a Turnep: and Rvvutt, Bunias, Na-
pus , Navew, (i.e. the Garden Kind) becaufe there is
but little difference in their form, manner of grow-
ing, greatnefs of the Root, and fweetnefs alfo : but
there is really a difference between the Plants, which
is chiefly determined by the Root, which is much
longer than any Turnep, and fcarcely ever fo thick

as

Chap, 516. ‘Englifi Herbs .

fome of the fmaller Turneps *, befides, fome Au-
thors do affert, that the Root of the A avevo Gen-
tle, is yet Tweeter than the fvveeteft Turnep that
grows.

VI. The Places. The firft is only planted, and
to be found in Gardens , in many places of the
Kingdom : it requires a gentle, foft, loofe and
yellow Mould, like as the Turnep does, and proi-
persin a fruitful Soil*, it is Sown in Prance and
fome parts of Germany , in the Fields, for the Seed
fake, as is likewife that of the Wild Cole-wbrt, or Cole-
Rape 1 for the plentiful encreafe of the Seed, is ve-
ry profitable to the Husbandmen of thofe Countries,
becaufe that being prefs’d forth in their Oil-Mills ,
a great quantity of Oil is produced, which they
ufe not only in Lamps, but alfo for the making of
Soap *, and amongft fome of the poorer fort of Peo-
ple, it is there eaten, and ufed inftead of Sallet Oil.
In Holland and blunders and other places it is bolied
into Soap, by mixing it with a ftrong Lye, made
of Pot Allies. It is faid, that it is alfo Sown in
feveral places of England for the fame purpofes.
The fecond or Wild Navew grows Wild by Hedg
Tides, High-ways , Ditch Banks , as alfo in Clay
Grounds, and the Banks fides of Frelh Marlhes,
near to Towns and Villages, in many parts of the
Kingdom.

VII. The Times. They are Sown in the end of
Augufti and beginning of September , as alfo in the
Spring *, and Flower and Seed about the fame time
as Turneps and Charlock do.

VIII. The Qualities. Navew Gentle is tempe-
rate in refpeft of heat or cold, and moilt in the
firft Degree ^ but this is underftood of the Root ;
for the Seed is hot and dry in the fecond Degree.
The Wild Navew is hotand dry in the firft Degree,
but the Seed (which is only ufed) in the third
Degree. The Garden Kind is Aperitive, Abfterfive,
and Reftorative in Confumptions. The Wild Kind
has the fame Virtues, as to its Seed, which is alfo
Alexipharmick, or a Refifter of Poifon.

IX. The Specification. The Roots of the Garden
Kind encreaf£ Seed , provoke Luft and reftore in
Confumptions. The Seeds of both Kinds expel
Wind, give eafe in the Strangury and Colick, and
are good againft the Poifon of Vipers, Rattle-Snakes,
Mad-Dogs, and other Venemous Creatures : They
provoke the Terms, facilitate the Delivery of Wo-
men in Labor, and remove Obftru&ions of the
Lungs.

X. The Preparations. You may have 1. A Li-
quid Juice of the Root of the Garden Kind. 2. An
EJJence of the fame. 3. A Syrup of the Juice. 4.
A Decoliion of the Roots. 5. A boiled Sallet of the
Roots. 6. A Cataplafm of the Roots. 7. A Sallet
of the firfi Sprouts. 8. An Oil by exprejfion from
the Seeds of both Kinds. 9. An Infufion in Wine
bf the Seeds of both Kinds. I o. A Ponder of the
Seeds of both Kinds. 11. An Oil of the Root of
the Garden fort by Decoliion. 12. A Wine of the
Root of the fame Kind.

The Virtues.

XI. Tile Liquid Juice of the Root of the Garden
Kind. If nourilhes,reftores in Confumptions, is good
againft Coughs, Colds, Hoarfenefs, Wheezing.,
Afthma’s, and Ulcers of the Lungs, encreafes Seed,
Provokes Luft, and provokes Urine, giving eafe in
the Strangury', Stone , Gravel, 0V. Dofe 2 or 3
Spoonfuls at Morning, Noon, and Night, or 3 or 4
times a Day, in a good Draught of warm new
Milk.

XII. The Efience of the fame Root. It has all
the Virtues ol the Juice , and may be given two
Spoonfuls at a time in the fame manner, or in a
Di(h of ftrong Meat Broth, or Geliy Broth : This
does moreover llrengthen all the Vifcera , and heal
excoriations of the Bowels, Reins, Bladder, Cfc.
and is good for healing of a Gonorrhoea.

XIII. The Syrup of the Juice. Itislingular good
againft Rickets in Children, and prevails wonder-
lully againft a Cough, and Huffing of the Lungs,
caufing an eafie Expectation. It has all the Vir-
tues ot the Juice ; befides which, being long ufed,
it reftores the Voice to fuch as had loft it.

XIV. The Decoffion of the Roots in Water. It
has the Virtues of the Juice , Effence , and Syrup ,
but may be taken from 4 to 8 Ounces, feveral times
a Day : ir powerfully provokes Urine, and gives
ealein the Strangury, expelling Tartarous Mucilage
from the Reins, Ureters and Bladder. Being taken
for fome time , fweetned with fine white Sugar
or Clarified Honey, it cures an habitual Coltivenefs
of Body, and withal , it heals Excoriations of the
Boweis.

XV. The Sallet of the Roots. It is made either
by boiling, baking or roafting; and then being chopt
Email with a Knife, it is fealoned with Pepper, Salt,
and Butter, adding if you fo pleafe a little Juice of
Oranges or Limons. Being thus eaten for about
five or fix Weeks together, with only a little white
Bread, and forbearing all other Food whatfoever,
whether Fleffi, Filh, Eggs, Cheefe, Cfc. and only
drinking either the Decoliion of the Root, or new Milk,
for the whole time ; I have known it cure feveral
times, the moft inveterate Rheumatifm, beyond all
hope or expe&ation : and all this it does purely by
fweetning all the Juices of the Body , dellroying
their acerbities.

XVI. The Cataplafm of the Roots. Being made
of the green Root by beating it in a Mortar, and
apply ed to Kibed Heels, it cures them. Being
made of the Roots Baked or Roafted, and applyed
to the Tumors of the Tellicles or Penis, or Swel-
ings in any other part of the Body, it allays the
Infiamation if any , eafes the Pain, and in a Ihort
time difcufles the Tumor.

XVII. The Sallet of the firfi Sprouts out of the
Ground. It is eaten raw, as other green Sallet-
ing : it purifies and cleanfes the Blood, ftrengthens
the Stomach, Liver, Spleen, and Lungs; opens
Obftruftions of the Reins, and frees them from
Tartarous Matter powerfully, with all provoking
Urine.

XVIII. The Exprejfed Oil from the Seed, of both
Kinds. It facilitates the Birth, prevents or gives
eafe and takes away the After-Pains of Women in
Childbed : and given to young Children againft the
Worms, it kills and drives them forth. If the Oil
is walked well with fair warm Water, it becomes
fweeter and fofter, and is then good to anoint the
Skin withall ; it allays Inflamarions, and takes
away roughnefs of the Skin, and other Deformities
thereof.

XIX. The Infujion in Wine, of the Seeds of
both Sorts. It gives prefent eafe in the Colick, and
Gripings of the Guts ; opens ObftruUions of the
Reins, cleanfes them of Tartarous Matter, gives
eafe in the Strangury, provokes Urine, and power-
fully refilts and expels Poifon, whether the Poifon
is taken inwardly by the Mouth, or by the Bitings
of Seipents, Mad-Dogs, or other Venomous Crea-
tures : for which reafon fake the Seed is always
put into the Compofitions of Treacles, and other
Counter-Poifons.

XX. The Ponder, of the Seed, of both Kinds. It
ftrengthens the Stomach , caufes a good Appetite

and

768

Salmon’ s 'Herbal.

Lib. I.

and Digeftion, eafes the Colick, provokes Urine,
gives relief in the Strangury, and induces the Cour- 1
fes in Women. It is good againft all forts of Poi-
fon, and is ever an Ingredient in Venice Treacle , viz.
the Seed of the Burn as dulcis , and both Diofcondes ,

• and Pliny fay, that the Seed ot the Garden Bunicu
is put into Antidotes, not the Seed of the Wild:
and yet that of the Wild is certainly the Itronger
and the more effectual : it kills alfo Worms in
Children. Dole from half a Dram to a Dram or
more in any fit Vehicle, Morning and Night.

XXI. The Oil of the Garden Root, by Inflation

or Decotfion. It allays Incarnations, difeuffes hot
Tumors, and is profitable againlt Chilblains ^nd
Kibes, they being anointed therewith. •

XXII. The Wine made of the Juice of the Root
of Navew Gentle, the Root is to be Ground in
an Engine or Mill, and the Juice to be prelfed
forth, which is to be put into Wooden bats or
Veifels, and left to Ferment, as Wine or Cyder,
are: The Fermentation being over, and the Liquor
grown Fine, you will have a noble delicate Liquor
for drinking, very Pleafant beyond Cyder, and much
ftronger j and not much Inferior to Wine. This
Wine if well made, by reafon of the ftrength of
its Body will keep fome Years.

them, a yard high, or more , full of Branches, bear-
ing at every Joint, two broad Leaves , for form and
largenefs fomewhat like unto Bawm , but longer
pointed, fofter, whiter, and more hoary , and notch'd
alfo about the edges, which have a flrong fweet
fnell, not ojfenfive to any , but very pleafing to Cats,

Nep: or, Cat-Mint Common .

CHAP. DXVII.

Of N E Pi or, CAT-MINT.

I. H E Names. It was unknown to the
Greeks, fo far as we can Learn } the La-
tins ealled it Nepeta, Mentha felina, Mentha Catta-
ria, and by fome is limply called Cataria, and Cat-
taria, alfo Herb a Gattaria : we in Englijh called
it, Nep, Neppe and Cat-Mint.

II. Ti )e Kinds. Authors make many Kinds
hereof, but the following fix are Principal, viz.
I. Nepeta major Vulgaris, Herb a Gattaria Matthi-
oli • Nepeta Cordi & Tragi-, Cattaria, Cf Mentha
Cataria Lobelij-, Common Garden Nep, or Cat-
Mint. 2. Nepeta Media , Cattaria Media-, The
middle Kind of Nep, or Cat-Mint. 3. Nepeta
minor Camerarij, Mentha Cataria minor Bauhini ,
Cattaria tenuifolia Hifpanica Clufij 5 Our fmall
Nep or Cat Mint. 4. Nepeta Peregrina latifolia,
Mentha Cattaria Peregrina latifolia Lobelij , Men-
tha felnia fativa latifolia Taberncemontani , Nepeta
Perigrini Be fieri, Cattaria altera Gerardi -, Strange
Nep, or Cat-Mint with broad Leaves. 5. Nepeta
Peregrina auguft folia , Mentha Cataria augup folia
minor Bauhini -, Mentha Cattaria Peregrina aguftifolia
Lobelij, Cattaria folio longiore DodonTi, Salvia Ro-
mana Gerardi -, Strange Nep or Cat-Mint with
narrow Leaves. 6. Mentha Cataria minor Alpina,
Nepeta minor Alpina, Small Mountain Nep, or
Cat-Mint.

The Descriptions.

III. The firft, or Common Garden Nep or Cat-
Mint. Its Roots are compofed of many long Strings
and Fibres, faftning themf elves ftrongly in the
Ground, and abide with green Leaves thereon all
the Winter. From this Root Jhoot forth a hard
four fquare St alky or Stalks , with an boarinefs cn

who will rub themf elves thereon all over , and alfo
eat the Leaves thereof, they are fo much delighted
with it, whence came the Name. The Flowers grow
in large Tufts at the tops of the Branches , and un-
derneath them like wife on the Stalks , many to -
getber, of a whitifh purple color. In this parti-
cular of the blowers, our Figure here inferted is
defell ive.

IV. The fecond , or Middle Kind of Nep, or
Cat-Mint. Its Roots are greater, longer, and more
Woody than the former , abiding many Tears in the
Ground, but retaining no green Leaves thereon in
the Winter Seafon. It hew like wife hard fquare
Stalks, not fo great as the former, but rather
more in number, and fome times as high: the Leaves
are f mailer aim of by half harder, greener, and no-
thing fo flrong feented \ and are Jet by couples on
the Stalks, which fpread not themf elves out in
Branches, in that manner which the firft does. The
Flowers are fewer , fmaller, and growing only by
f paces, along them, up to the tops, of a faint pur -
plifh color , gaping like the other, and after them
fuch like fmall round Seed in tbe Husks.

V. Tbe third, or Our fmalL Nep , or Cat-
Mint. It has a long, fmall. Fibrous, IVoody Root ,
which fends forth fever a l four -fquare , hard and
hoary Stalks, which die not away after Seed bearing,
but Jhoot forth again frefh Branches , not above a
foot high -, with two fmall and long narrow Leaves ,
J'nipt or dented about the edges, and hoary alfo, of
a ftronger Smell than the fi/fi or Common Kind,
and of a hotter Tajh. The Stalks j hoot forth into

many

Chap. 5 1 y . EngUJh Herbs *

M’/' ; or, Cat-Mint fniall.

tttany branches , ^ the tops whereof Jland fmall
white gaping Flowers, in Spike fajhion like thofe of
the fir ft, <?/• Common Kind, after which come fmall
black Seed like as in the other.

Nep broad Leav'd .

VI. She fourth , or Strange NeD, or Cat-Mint
with broad Leaves. It has a long fmall fender
Root, fpread out into many Branches with feveral
tibres adjoining to them. From which Root fprings up
a flluafe hoary Stalk, fpreading into Branches on all
Sides,. from the bottom almolf to the top-, fet with
tico Leaves at every Space , which are broader than
thofe oj the next Kind following , the? not much
but longer than our firft or Common Nep, dented
about the edges, and of a hoary green color. The
Flowers ft and in the /paces about the tops of the
Stalks, almofi of a pure white color , like in form
to thoje of our firft Common Nep, but larger
Mter which comes the Seed, which is aifn black like
vt : Thcfmelloj the whole Plant, is like wife [iron g-
er and /harper, and more pleafing than that of our
Jaid Common fort.

.VII- The fifth, or Strange Nep or Cat-Mint
with narrow Leaves. This is a Species of the fame
Kind with the former, and is like it in its Rant,
Stalks, Branching out , Lowers, Seed, color, /me/ 7
and manner of growing, and differs from it in
nothing but m the Leaves, which are J mailer and nar-
rower than thofe are.

VIIL The fixth, or Small Mountain Nep, or
Cat-Mint. This has a fmall Fibrous Too ly Root
which fends forth a Plant f mailer than oar third
Kind or fma 11 Nep aforegoing. It heu /qua, e brown -
/h Stalks of about a Foot high, fpread ng themfelv • s
forth into Branches, on which grow J, nailer Leaver*
than thofe of the former fmall fort, but they ai e
fomewhat broad , almofi three Jijuare , and hoary
with all. The blowers are fmall and w hitifh, Jet or
placed Spike-j ajbion at the Tops oj the Si,Ms and
Branches , like unto thofe of the Common Kind.

IX. The Places. The firft grows at,ou. the
Bordets ot Gardens and Yields (as Gerard ljvs)
near to rough Banks, Ditches and Common Ways
and is delighted in moitt and watery places, from
whence ic was brought into Gardens. Parkinfort
lays, that the firlt and lecond grow Wild in other
Countries, but are Nurlt up with us only in Gar-
dens, as all the relt are. The third, fourth, and
fifth grow naturally in Spain , from whence1 they
were brought to us in their Seeds; and norwitli
Handing the coldnels of our Climate, grow here
to be goodly fort of Plants. The fixth grows in
Italy, about A'ap/es , from whence the Seed was
brought hither.

X. The Times. They all come forth in the
Spring Seafon, flower in July and Augult, and
their Seed is ripe foon after.

XI. The Qualities. Aep or Cat-Mint is hot and

dry in the third Degree, Aperitve, Ablierfive.
Alfrmgent Anodyn, Carminative, Digeftive, and
Traumatick; alio Cephalick, Neurotick, Stoma-
tick, Hepatick, Cordial, Ptarmick, fnimenago-
gick, Sudorifick, Alexipharmick , and AnaleD-
tick. r

XII. The Specification. It provokes the Terms
in Women, haftens and facilitates rhe Labor (tops
Catarrhs and cold thin Rheums, expels Wmd
gives eafe in the Colick, cures Afthma's or diffil
cully of Breathing, as alfo Cramps, Convulfi-
ons, and all cold and moift difaffeaions of the
Nerves.

XIII. Tie Preparations. You may have there-
from, I. A Liquid Juice. 2. An h. fence 3. ran
Infufion. 4. A Ponder of the Leaves and Heads of
blowers. 5. A Syrup. 6. A Lotion. 7. An Oint-
ment or half am. 8. Pejjary. 7. ACataplafm. ro.

A Dijhlled Water, r 1 . A Spirit. 12 .A Diftillei
Oil. r 3. A Spirituous Ttnrture. 14. An Acid
Tintfure. 15. An Oily Ttnlhtre.

f F

Tut

-yjo Salmon sHerbak Lib.L

if be Virtues .

' XIV. T be Liquid juice. Taken one or two
Spoonfuls at a time in a Glafs of choice Cana-
ry, or other proper Wine, it cures fuch as are in-
wardly Bruifed by any Blow, Fall, or other Ac-
cident. It expells Wind out of Stomach and
Bowels, gives eafe in the Colick; and being con-
ftantly taken for fome time, it provokes the Cour-
fes in fuch Virgins as never had them, and brings
them down in fuch Women as have had them
ft opt for fome time, it allb takes away Sterility
or Barrennels in fuch Women, in whom it is
caufed through a coldnefs, over-moifture or i'ip-
petinefs of the Womb, and other weakneffes of
thofe parts: Given alfo to Women in Travel in a
Glafs of White Lisbon Wine, it haftens and
facilitates the Birth, brings away the After-
Birth, and prevents, or eales Atter-Pains.

XV. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the
Liquid Juice , befides which, it prevails againft all
cold and moift Difeafes of the Head , Brain and
Neryes; is profitable againft Apoplexies, Vertigo’s,
Megrims, Epilepfies, Lethargies, Cams, Paliies,
Convulfions, and other likeDileafes of thofe parts.
Dole a Spoonful or two every Morning fatting,
and every Night going to Bed, in a Glals of Gene-
rous Wine. It alio expels Poifon, whether inward-
ly received, or externally by the Stinging or Biting
of any Venemous Creatureas, Vipers, Rattle-Snakes,
Mad-Dogs, tfc. if it is prefently given in a pro-
per Vehicle, and a Cataplufm of raw Gar/ick ,
be alfo applyed forthwith to the Wound.

XVI. T be Infujion in Wine. It has the Vir-
tues of the Juice and Effence, but nothing near fo
powerful : yet it is a fingular Cordial, defends and
chears the Heart, enlivens the Spirits, and is pro-
fitable agaiaft deliquiums of the Vital Spirits, as
Faintings, Swoonings, Vapors, Hyfterick-Fits, &V.
Dofe 4 Ounces, at time of the Paroxyfm.

XVII. 1 'he Ponder of the Leaves and Heads of
Dowers. It has all the Virtues of the Juice and
Effence , but a&s not with that fpeed which they
do: yet it feems to comfort the Stomach and
Bowels after a wonderful manner: it provokes
Appetite, and caufes a good Digeftion: is a Angu-
lar expeller of Wind, and (tops Fluxes of the
Belly. It is alfo good againlt Coughs, Coleys and
Catarrhs, or thin diftillations of Rheum, which
difuffeft the Lungs. It alfo warms, drys and
{Lengthens the Womb, and is faid ftrongly to pro-
voke Lull, and induce Conception. Dofe one
Dram at a time in Syrup of Citron Peels , Morn-
ing and Night, drinking a Glafs of ftrong Wine
after it.

XVII I. The Syrup of the Juice or Green
Herb. It is a molt admirable Pectoral, and is faid
to alleviate the molt vehement Cough, being taken
often in the day time with a Liquorice Stick * ir
profligates a Cold, and caufes an eafy expectorati-
on of the vifeid pituiious matter lodg’d in the
Stomach and Lungs. It is good to cure an Afthma
or difficulty of Breathing, fluffing of the Stomach,
Hoarfnefs, Wheezing, fhortnefs of Breath, and a
continual diftillation of Rheum , which is very
obnoxious to moft of the Vifcera. It maybe taken
particularly Morning and Night, and as often in
the day time as need requires.

XIX. T he Lotion. Take of the Effence"! parts
of Madera or other Generous Wine 2 parts , Spirit
of Wine 1 part, mix them. Being ufed as an In-
jection up the Womb, with a proper Womb Syringe

it cleanfes, warms, comforts, drys, and {Lengthens
it, takes away its flipperinefs, and makes it apt for
Conception * and if this Lotion be fet in a Copper
or Earthen Pan over live Charcole in a Clofe-Stool,
lb that the Fumes thereof may be received up the
Womb, it does alfo the fame things,' takes away the
overflowing moiflure of the Mother, difeuffes the
Wind, and eafes the Pains of thofe parts, and by
the frequent ufe thereof takes away thofe caufes
of Sterility or Barrennefs. It is alfo good to wafh
the Head , to dry up running Humors, and cure
the Scabs thereof’ and is effectual for the like
aftefts in other parts of the Body. Bathed or
Fomented on the Piles, it eafes their Pain, and in
a ffiort time difeuffes them.

XX. The Ointment' or Balfjtn. They are good
Vulneraries being applyed to moift and running
Sores and Ulcers* they {Lengthen the Nerves, or
any Limb or Member weakned through Cold, or
moiflure, or blows, or any over-ft raining and ap-
plyed to Ulcerated Piles, they d'ifcuis the remain-
ing Tumor, eafe the Pain, and in a ffiort time heal
them: the fame thing they do, being alfo applyed
to 11 Icerated Kibes.

XXL The Pejfary.. It- is made of the Green
Herb , zvith its Tops or Heads of Flowers , and a
little Wool. Being put up the Vagina Uteri , it
eafes the Pains of the Womb, draws down the
Vapors, prevents Fits of the Mother, provokes the
Terms-, and in a Woman with Child, if it is near
the Moments of Delivery, it haftens the Birth.

XXII. The Cataplafm. Applyed to the Funda-
ment in the Hemorrhoids or Piles, it gives prefent
eafe tho’ the pain be never fo Vehement : applyed
to the Joints it alfo eafes the pains of the Gout,
proceeding from a cold caufe, or an accidental
weaknefs of the part.

XXIII. The Difiilled Water. It has the Virtues
of the Juice , but very much weaker in its efteUs,
and may be given to 6 Ounces fweetned with the
Syrup aforegoing-, otherwife, it is ufed for the
moft part as a Vehicle to convey the other Prepa-
rations in. It is a very good Stomatick.

XXIV. The Spirit. It is a great Neurotick and
Cordial, good againft Palfies, Convulfions, Trem-
blings, Numbnefs, Vertigo, Lethargy, Carus,
Fainting and Swooning Fits, Vapors, Fits of the
Mother, and the like Nervous, Cardiack, and
Hyfterick Diftempers. Dofe one, two, or three
Drams dulcified with the Syrup at Sell 1 8. afore-
going.

XXV. The Difiilled Oil. It has all the Virtues
of the Juice, Effence , Infujion , and Spirit afore-
going : it provokes the Terms powerfully, brings
away the Birth (when ripe) momentarily, and
prevents and cures After-pains upon the fpot : It
has not many equals for the Difeafes of the
Head, Brain, Heart, Nerves and Womb. Dofe
from 6 Drops to 12, 20, 90, or more, according
to Age, Strength, and Neceffity * drop them ftrft
into fine pouder Sugar, mixing both very well to-
gether* then give the mixture in a Glafs of
Wine.

XXVI. The Spirit nous Tin Jure. It has all the
Virtues of the Juice , Effence , Spirit and Oil * It
is ftronget and more powerful than the three firft,
but weaker much than the Oil. It may be given in
the Colick, Fainting and Swooning Fits, Lethargy,
ffc. from one Dram to two Drams, in a Glafs of
Generous Wine* but if it is given againft Vapors,
or Hyfterick Fits, it will be beft to give it in a
Glals of the Difiilled Water , which may be repeat-
ted Morning and Night.

XXVII. The Acid Tint! ure. Thi9 has all the
Virtues of the Spirituous Tin Jure , and more

powerful

powerful than it, in fupprefiing Vapors and Hylte-
rick Fits, alfo Vomitings, Sicknefs at Heart,
and other Difeafes of the Stomach, ; and ex-
ceeds all the other Preparations, in curing Ca-
lentures, burning Fevers, the Plague,., and all
Forts of Malign and Peftilential Fevers, for which
it is a kind of Specifick. Dofe fo many Drops as
to make tha Vehicle it is given in gratefully
Acid, and to be repeated as often as need lhall
require.

XXVIII. 'The Oily Tindure. It is a powerful
Antiparalytick, Neurotick, Hyfterick, and Ne-

£hritick; outwardly it is good againft the Palfie,
amenels, Numbnefs, and Trembling, being anoint-
ed very well all along the Back Bone Morn-
ing and Night, taking fome few Drops of it
alfo inwardly, and anointing withall the parts
affefted. It facilitates the Birth, and power-
fully provokes the Terms in Women. And is
a lingular Medicament againlt the Stone, Gra-
vel, Sand, Tartarous Mucilage in the Reins and
Bladder , Strangury , fcalding and heat of Urine,
in all which Cafes it gives prefent relief. Dofe
from one Dram to three Drams in any j
per Vehicle.

XXIX. Not a. The firfl Kind is molt tiled, but
Lobe/ fays, the fourth and fifth forts are more
effe&ual to all the Purpoles and Intentions,
than the firfl: Kind: And if my Obfervation
may fignifie any thing , I am of Opinion , that
the third Kind is not inferior in goodnefs to any of
them all.

NENUPHAR, fee Water Lilly, Chap. 442.
NESPITE, fee Calamint , Chap. 104.

CHAP. DXVIII.

Of the N E T T L E.

I. ' I ' H E Name. It is called in Arabic!:, Hu-
X mure, Of Angiara : Serapio calls it tta-
tnure Uraitb: in Creek , ( quia tad a afpera

(St injucunda eft : J alfo KW/n, (quod vellicet & pun-
get :) in Latine , Urtica, ab Urendo, quod pruri-
tum puftulafque igni fimiles excitet : and in Eiig/i/h ,
Nett/e, and Stinging Nettle.

II. The Kinds. There are faid to be four Kinds
of Nettles, viz. 1. Urtica Uortenfis, Uriica Ro-
mana, Urtica Italica, Urtica prima Diofeoridis, Ur-
tica Legitima Clufij , Urtica Mas, vcl Mafcula ,
The Garden or Roman Nettle. 1. Urtica Sy/veftris
major, Urtica major, Urtica Urens, Urtica Fcemina ,
our great common flinging Wild Nettle. 3. Ur-
tica media Sy/veftris -, Urtica urens vulgaris altera
Tragi', Urtica O/ygophyl/us (« paucitate foliorutnj
our middle fort of flinging Wild Nettle. 4. Ur-
tica minor Sy/veftris, Urtica minor, Urtica Exigua
Csfalpini -, Urtica urens minima , Urtica tertia
Lugaunenfis, Matthioli (St Tragi , Urtica Cania,
■tael Cantna Plinij-, our lefler or final! flinging
Nettle.

III. The firft, or Garden or Roman Nettle. Its
Root is yellowijh , and fpreads under Ground with
many long Fibres or firings, whereby it takes faft
hold, yet perijhes every Tear, requiring to be new
Sowd every Spring. It fprings up with one or
more great Stalks, which fpreai than], 'elves out in'

Nettle Garden.

to many round hairy Branches, rather leaning down
thanftanding perfed/y upright, fometimes rifmg to
be jour or five Feet long, fpr ending out into f eve-
rat Ramifications : whereon at the Joints, are two
Leaves fet together, very rough: and tho it has
no Jharp Prickles , yet it has a hairy Down thereon
which will fling the Skin egrcgioufiy, ij but touch'd
therewith, and raife it full of Blifters, as if it
was burnt with Fire : and dented round the edges
fomeahat deeply. At feveral places of the Branches
come forth fmall Stalks of reddifh and yellowijh Flow-

ers ■> made of threads which fall away , without bear -
mg any thing elfe : but at the Joints with the
Leaves m other Places, from the middle of the
Branches upward, come forth final!, round rough
green, prickly pellets bigger than Peafe, in which
are contained feveral flat, fmooth, fiippery glitter-
ing or finning Seed, much like to Line or Flax Seed
but rounder and f mailer.

viru\r?i or 9reat. common flinging

Wild Nettle. The Root of this perijhes' not like

the jo? mer , but continues all the Winter, with
fome green Leaves upon it, if the Seafon be not too
extream : It is pale and yellow , and fpreads it felf
running very deep into the Earth, with long firings
and fmall Fibres, from this Root /boots forth one,

5 P 3 arid

if

iii

Leaves are of a barker color than the former, and
fometimes brownijh , or red, as large, rough, an djl ing-
in as the former, but not fo deeply dented on the edges.
At the tops of the Branches and like wife, from the
Joints with the Leaves underneath, come forth ) mall,
long. Branches of F lowers , and Seeds after them,
in fafhion very like to the Branches of the Fe-
male Mercury, in which is contained, fmall , flat,
whitifh Seed. . .

V. The third , or Our middle fort of Stinging
Wild Nettle. This in its Creeping, flringy and
fibrous Root , Stalk, Branches , flowers , Seed, and
manner of growing feems not to differ from the
former laft defenbed, excepting that This is lower,
and fmaller, and thinner Jet with Branches: for
this reafon , it is thought by many, that it is
one and the fame Kind with the Greater /aft
defenbed , and differs nothing from it, faving that
it grows not full out fo great, which may be with
refpett to the Soil, being poorer, and not fo fat
and good. _ ,,

VI. T be fourth, or Our Leffer, or imall
flinging Nettle. Its Roots are fmaller than any
of the former , and perifh every Tear , yea twice
or thrice fometimes in a Tear , for it has been
cbferved to Jhed its Seed twice in a hot hear,
and fpring up again the third lime of the
Jhed Seed, which being near Winter, perifhes
with the firft T 'rofts , but Springs up again the
next Tear. This Nettle is in mofi things like
to the two laft, but rifes feldom above half
aTard high, and is nothing Jo much Branched as
the great Kind. Its Leaves alfo are much
fmaller, rounder, much Jbarper notched on the
edges , and of a frejher or lighter green color
and. more Jharply flinging than any of the

VII. The Places. The firft is ufually Sown in
Gardens with us, as it is alio in Upper and Lower
Germany, and in moll places of Trance-, but in
Italy Wild in the Woods. It has alfo been found
naturally growing Wild, time out of mind, both
at the Town of Lidde by Romney, and in the Streets
of the Town of Romney in Kent, where it is faid
that Julius Cxfar with his Soldiers Landed and [laid
for a time, whence it is thought the place took its
Name, being by them called Romania, and we for
(hortnefs Romney, and alfo obtained the firft pro-
duce of the Plant ; ever fince which time, it is
thought that it has continued there, growing, and
rifing Yearly of its own Sowing. But it has been
found growing Wild alfo in other parts of this
Kingdom, as in the Street of Bardney in Lincoln-
t hire . The other three forts grow inwafte Grounds,
"by Hedges, and on Ditch Banks, by High-ways
and Walls fides, and in many other places both
till’d and untill’d, and in Paftures, and in Gardens,
and in all forts of Grounds both rich and poor,
good and bad, where if they be fuflered to grow
a while , it will be difficult to clear the place of
them. , ... „

VIII. The Times. They come up plentifully
early in the Spring, and through all the Summer
Months, and they Flower and Seed in July , Au-
guft and September -, but the fmaller Kind more
early , becaufe it many times Flowers and Seeds
twice a Year, as was before obferved.

IX. The Qualities. Kettle is hot and dry in
the firft Degree, and is of thin and fubtil parts:
now it does not burn and fling, becaufe of its ex-
tream heat; but becaufe its downy or Imall prickles
are hard and fluff, piercing like a Sting or the fine
Points of Needles ; for if it is once withered,
it flings not at all, becaufe its fine hard Prickles

grow

Chap. 51 & ‘Englijh Herbs.

771

grow foft and fliggv. It is Aperitive, Abfterfive,
and Diurecick, FeEloral , N'ephritick, Hyfterick,
and Alexipharmick.

X. T. be Preparations. You may make herefrom,
i. A Liquid Juice 2. An EJf-nce of the whole
Plant. 3. A DecoH'ton of the Plant. 4. A Wine
of the Plant. 5. A Lohoch of the Juice of the
Plant. 6. An EleUuary. 7. A Ponder of the
Leaves and of the Seed. 8. A Lotion. 9. An
Ointment. 10. An Oil by Dtcofliort. 1J. ACata-
p/afm. 12. A DiJtiHed Water.

The Virtues.

XI. The Liquid juice. Taken inwardly to %
or 4 Ounces or more, according ro Age, it will
make the Belly Soluble, ir opens obftruUions ol
the Stomach and Lungs, helps Wheezing and fliort-
nefsof Breath; It provokes the Terms, allays Va
pors, and prevents Hyfterick-fits: it provokes Urine,
and expels Sand, Gravel and Tartarous Matter out oi
the Reins and Bladder. It kills Worms in Children,
eafes and takes away Stitches in the fide, removes
the oppilation of the Spleen expelling the windi-
nefs thereof; and is faid alfo to provoke to Venery :
being taken for two or three Days together it Hops
Spitting or Vomiting Blood, coming irom the Lungs
or Stomach, being put into Green Wounds or old
Sores, it cleanfes them and induces their healing
The common Dofe is 2, 3, or 4Sponfuls at a time
in a Glafs of Wine, or other fit Vehicle.

XII. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the
Liquid Juice , and more powerful than it, for which
reafon it may be given in a lefs Dole, as from 1
Spoonful to 3 in Water, Broth or Wine. Itwarms
the Stomach, heals Sores and Ulcers in the Mouth
or Throat, and given with 10, 1;, or 20 Grains of
Myrrh in fine Ponder , it helps moft cold and moilt
Difeafes of the Womb. It eafes Pleuritick Pains,
helps the Choiick, expels Wind from the Vifcera,
tefilts Poifon, and is good againft the Stinging or
Biting of any Venomous Creature as of Serpents,
Mad Dogs, Scorpions, Hornets, Etc. and refilts the;
Poifonous qualities of Hemlock , Henbane , Man-
drake , Mufhromes, Nigbtfliade, See. Bathed upon
overwearied Members it refrefhes them, eafes Pains,
and Difcuffes fimple Contufions.

XIII. The DecotHon m Water or Wine. It has
all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence , but no-
thing near fo powerful, and therefore may be given
Morning, Noon, and Night from 3, to 6 , or 8
Ounces, made pleafant with a little double refined
Sugar.

XIV. The Wine. It is made by a cold Infttfton of
the Green Herb or Plant in Wine for 3 or 4 Days,
and then prejfing out the Wine ; and repeating this
lnfufion in the fame Wine , 3 or 4 times or more ,
til! thh Wine is very Jirong thereof and at /aft
prejfing it out again ; after which, letting it ft and
till its fine , the clear is to be decanted and kept for
life. It may be done with Madera Wine, White
Port, White Lisbon, Sherry , or Canary , as every
one likes belt It has the Virtues of the f ormer
Preparations, is very Stomatick, and a fafe and
Pure Medicine to open OblfruUions of the Vifcera,
but chiefly of the Womb, which it wafms and
ftrengthens very much.

XV. The Lohoch of the Juice. To every Pint
of the Juice , half a Pound of Honey is to be put ;
and they are to be melted together in a Sand heat ,
or in Balneo, and the humidity is to be evaporated till
it comestothecon/iftencyof a Lohoch: It opens the
obltruSions of the Bronchia of the Lungs, and

cures Coughs, Wheezings, Hoarfnefs, Ihortnefs
of Breath, Afthma’s, and helps toexpeftorate cold,
rough and impafted Flegmin the Lungs or Stomach;
and to fpit forth thepurulencyof a Pleurifie, and to
fpend it that way : it is alfo good to difeufs the
Tumors or Swellings of the Almonds and Throat'
to ftrengthen the I Ivu/a, and reduce it to its place.
Drank alfo mixt with White Port Wine, from an
Ounce to 2 Ounces, ir provokes Urine and cleanfes
the Reins and Bladder from Sand, Gravel, Stone
and Tartarous Slime.

XVI. The EYHluary. Take of the Ponder of the
Seed 2 Ounces-, of the Leaves in Ponder, Myrrh
in fine Ponder, of each 1 Ounce ; Clarified Honey
10 Ounces-, mix and make an EleSuary. It has all
the Virtues of the juice , Effence, Wine and Lo-
hoch, and may be given from 1 Dram ro 2 or 3, in
any proper Vehicle : It is an excellent Hyfterick,
provoltes the Terms, ftirs up Venery, facilitates the
Birth, and brings away the After-birth,

XVII. The Ponder of the Leaves and Seed. That
of the Seed is the ftrongett, or more effeUual R-
provokes Urine, Stone and Gravel, from the Reins
and Bladder, kills Worms in Stomach and Bellv.
eafes Pleuritick pains , opens obftruUions of
the Liver and Spleen, and provokes Lull; it is
alfo a Remedy againft the Stinging of Venemous
Creatures, the Birings of Mad- Dogs, the Venom
of Hemlock , and other cold Poifons which ftupifis
and dull the Senfes. It is good againft the Lethar-
gy, being taken with a little Salt, the Forehead
and Temples being rubbed alfo therewith. Dole a
Dram or Dram and half in a Glafs of GenerousWine.
If h is blown up the Noftrils, it is faid to flop
their Bleeding; and takes away the Polypus or
deftly Excrefcence growing therein. Given to Hens
in their Meat in Winter rime, it is faid to make
them to lay Eggs all Winter more plentifully.

XVIII. The Lotion. Take of the Juice or
Effence a Pint-, of the Decoil ion , and Wine, of
each half a Pint-, Clarified Honey 6 Ounces-, mix
and diffolve. It is good againft Coughs, Colds,
Wheezings, Althma’s, caufes cxpe&oration from
the Stomach and Lungs, and has all the Virtues
of Juice, Effence and Lohoch. It is good to gargle
with when the Almonds and Throat are Swelled
aflwages the Tumor of the Uvula, and reftores it
to its place, heals Inflamations, Sores and Ulcers
of the Mouth and Throat, and flops fpitting of
Blood arifing fiom the Stomach. It is good alfo
for outward Wounds and Sores, they beingwafhed
therewith. And if it is made without the Honey,
it is good to cleanfe the Skin from Scurf, Morphew’
Leprofie, and other Defcedations ; and is profita-
ble to wa(h old, rotten and flanking Sores, or Fiftu-
la’s, and Gangrenes, and fuch as are fretting and
corroding: It heals Green Wounds by walking
them therewith, and injefting it with a Syringe in-
to them, if they be deep.

XIX. T be Ointment. It is made of the Juice by
adding OH and a little Wax, boiling gently to the
consumption of the humidity. It eafes the Gout,
and other Pains, and is good jto Anoint cold and’
benummed Members therewith, to bring them to
their proper Aftivity again.

XX. T he Oil by DecoSion. It is made of the
Juice, or Green Herb bruifed and boiled to CriJ'p-
nefs in Sallet Oil, and then preft forth, reiterating
the Operation three times. Being Anointed upon a
place flung with Nettles ; it is faid to be a prefenc
Remedy, to take away the pain and flinging.

XXI. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Green
Herb bring bruifed in a Mortar. Being put up
the Noflrils, it flops their Bleeding. Applyed to
places affeUed with Scurf, Morphew, Leprofie,

Scab-

774 Salmons Herbal . Lib. j

Scabbinefs, it cures them ^ and is faid to cure old
rotten Sores and Ulcers, tho’ the Flefh was fepara-
ted from the Bones 5 Applyed to Diflocations after
the Setting of the Joint, it {Lengthens the part,
drys up Humors, hinders defluxions, and gives
w eafe in the Gout, and other like Pains. If it is
made with equal parts of the green Leaves oj
Nettles , and Dwarf Elder Leaves , and applyed
to the Gout, Sciatica , or Joint aches in any part,
it quickly gives admirable eafe, and in a little time
Cure.

XXII. T he Difiillcd Water from the whole Tlant.
It is faid to be good for all the purpofes to which
the Juice and Effence are applyed, but nothing
near fo powerful. But outwardly it is Cofmetick,
and an excellent thing to wafli Wounds and Sores
with, and to cleanfe the Skin from Scurff, Mor-
phew, Leprofy, Scabs, and other Defcedations
thereof.

XXI II. Not a. The Garden or Roman Nettle is
faid to be the moft effeUual of them all: yet where
that cannot be had, the others may very well be
ufed in its place -, and are thought by fome to be
no lefs powerful •• and fome likewife think the leaft
of the three, to be no lefs effe&ual than the
greater, and it may be to exceed them in efficacy
too.

CHAP. DXIX.

Of N I G E L L A;

0 R,

FENNEL - FLOWER.

afoot high, full of Branches-, be fet tank Leaves,
very much cut or jagged , much refembling the
Leaves 0/Fumitory, but much greater. The Flowers
grow at the top of the Branches , of a whitifh blew
color , each Flower being divided into five fmall
Leaves Star fajhivn. The Flowers being pafi away ,

Nigella Garden.

I. 'T' H E Names. It is called in Arabick, Xa-
JL min-, Sunis - Sunici, or Sunizi: in Greek,
tAixavtiiov, £ v.iKu.vs'TKyMv: in Latine , Melanthium,
Nigella, Salufandra , papaver Nigrum : in Englifh
Gith, Fennel Flower and Nigella : Fuchfius and
Cor du s took this Plant to be CuminumSylvefire
alt e rum Diofcoridis.

II. The Kinds. There are two principal Species
of this Plant, viz. I. The Garden Kind, which are,

1. Melanthium Uortenfe Nigella hortenfis Flore
fimplici, Our Garden Nigella with a Angle Flower.

2. Nigella Cretica latifolia odor at a^ broad Leav’d
fweet Scented Nigella. 3, Nigella Cretica tenui-
folio odor at a, narrow Leav’d fweet Scented Nigella.
4. Nigella Citrina Flore albo fimplici, Angle Flower-
ed white Nigella with yellow Seed. All the
former are Angle Flowered ^ thefe following are
double Flowered. 5. Nigella Damafcena Flore
multiplici, Blew Nigella with a Double Flower.
6. Nigilla Citrina Flore albo multiplici, white Ni-
gella double Flowered. II. The Wild Kind. 7.
Melanthium Sylvefire, Nigella Sylveflris. Wild
Nigella.

The DefcriptiotJS.

III. The frft, or Garden Nigella with a Angle
Flowat. It has a long fender Root, with fome ti-
bres adjoining to it, from whence fprings forth a
zeeak and brittle Stalk , and fonts times Stalks , about

there come up fmall Knobs or Heads, having at the
ends thereof, $ or 6 little fharp Herns or Point els,
and every Knob or Head is divided into fever at
fmall Cells or partitions, in which the Seed is con-
tained, which is of a blackijh color, very like unto
Onion Seed, fharp intafie, and of an excellent fweet
fmell.

IV. The fccond, or broad Leav’d fweet feented
Nigella. Its Root is yellowifh, thready and An-
nual -, from whence fprings up a f ender weak Stalk ,
divided into fome Branches, having long and divi-
ded Leaves fet thereon, but not of the form of fome
of the other Nigella, which are Fennel like , or
Lark Spur-like, but much broader , and parted into
feveral Divifions, fome what like to thofe of Ground-
fel, but cut into leffer and finer parts. At the
tops of each of the Branches, grows a Jingle white
Flower , like unto the other Nigella’s, and Heads
fomewhat like them fucceeding , containing black
Seed alfo, and having a fweet fmell.

V. 'The third , or narrow Leav’d fweet Nigella.'
The Roots of this Candy Nigella, are faid to be
harder than the reft, yet Annual like them:
the Stalks which rife from thence are many, upright
and fiender, parted into feveral Branches, with but
few Leaves fet thereon, thofe below not being fo
finely cut or divided , as are thofe which are higher.
The Flowers are fmall, yellowifh, and white, grow-
ing at the Tops of the Branches , after which come
cornered black Seed, fharp , and fomething fweet ,
contained in fmall biformed Seed Vejfels or Heads,
which are much like to two- fmall Berries.

VI. The fourth, or Angle Flowered white Ni-
gella, with yellow Seed. 'This fort of Angle Ni-
gella

Chap. 519. ‘Engkjh 'Herbs . 775

gella we have alfo Til our Gardens, proceeding firft
from Seed font from other more Southern Countries :
but it differs fo little from the other Annual forts ,
that it can f candy be differ ned, except it be in the
frejher greennefs of the heaves, before it comes to
Flower, which then is fmall like the Nigella Ro-
mans drvenfis, or Wild Katherin Flower in Chap.
410. Se£t. 6. aforegoing of this Bock-, but of a
white color. The heads alfo are fmall, but formed
alike, having f mailer Seed within them, not black as
others are , but ycllowifh , and without fmell, and
herein it is fame thing like the double white Kind
deferibed in Sefr. 8. following.

VII. The fifth, or blew Nigella with a double
Flower. Its Root is fmall and yellow, perifhing
every Tear, as the others do: from which fpring
forth fever al Green Leaves, finely cut, and into
fo many parts, that they are finer than Fennel, and
divided fomewhat like to the Leaves of Larks- heel,
from among which rife up Stalks with many fucb like
Leaves upon them. Branched forth into fever al
parts, at the tops of which , upon each grows one
fair large Flower , which confifts of three or four
rows of Leaves y laid one upon another , of a pale
blew color, with a green round Head, compaffed with
fever al fhort threads in the midft, and having five or
fix fuch fmall green Fennel like Leaves, under
the Flower, to bear it up (as it to ere) below, ad-
ding thereby a greater grace to the Flowers , which
at the firfi few fometimes white , but quickly after
change. The horned Heads hereof are like to the
Heads of the Wild Kind , which are fomewhat
rounder and greater, having within them black
uneven Seeds , without the leaft Smell.

Nigella Blew double B lower'd.

VIII. The fixth , or white Nigella double
Flowered. Its Root is yellow, and perifhes every
Tear, at the other does. This double white Ni-

gella, has fuch like Leaves as the la ft has, but of
a yellower green color, and much larger and broader
and very much jagged, being nothing like the fine
cut of the former, as you may perceive in the fugle
Leaf of this Riant placed near the bottom of the
Gut , belonging to that lafit deferibed in Sect. 7.
aforegoing. The Flowers are fomewhat lefs , and
leffer double than the former , and in color white
having no green Leaves under the Flower, as the for-
mer h. w : the Head whereof in the middle, is very like
alfo to that of 'the la/I deferibed, but not fo great -
in which is contained for the moft part black Seed
and fuelling fweet like the Roman Nigella in
Chap. 410. Se£L 4. aforegoing -, which is the only
fweet Scented be fide s this : but the Seed of this
is fometimes not fo black, but father a little more
white, or yellowifh.

IX. The feventh , or Wild Nigella. It has a
long fender Root, with many long ft rings and Fi-
bers adjoining to it, which penfh every Winter.
The Stalk or Stalks, are a Foot or more high, befet
full, of grayifh Leaves, very finely jagged,\lmo(i
like the Leaves of Dill ■, the t lowers are like to

Nigella Wild.

thofe of the firfi or Garden Kind deferibed at Seft. %.
aforegoing in this Chapter, excepting that thefe
are b/eaer. The Cods or Tods are Tike the Heads:
or Husks of Columbines, in which is contained a
fweet and pleafmg Seed , tho ’ not fo fweet fmelling
as the lafi.

X. The Tlaces. The firft is the Garden Kind,
and grows with us in Gardens, and fo do all the
other fix Kinds : which in Candia , Italy, and other
hot Countries grow Wild in the Fields,

XI. The Times. They are all Annually to be
Sown in the Spring, if they do not Sow themfelveSj
they Flower in June or July, and the Seed is ripe
in Auguft.

'XII, Thi

4

n6

Salmon'/ 'Herbal. Lib, 1,

XII. The Vitalities , Specification , Preparations.
and Virtues of thefe, are the lame with thole ol
Katharine Flower , or Roman Nigel la in Chap. 41c.
aforegoing, fo that we fhall fay no more thereof
in this place ; faving that the Garden fyacet J incit-
ing Roman Nigella , is rather to be chofen than any
of the others, as being very much the ftrongeft,
but if that is wanting, then the fir ft Kind in this
Chapter is to be firft admitted, and after that the
fixth Species aforegoing or white double Flower'd
Nigella ,

CHAP. DXX.

Of NIGHT-SHADE.

0 R,

M O R E L L E,

This Cut fnould have come in, in Chap. 140.
Sell. ;. But was there over-lookt: We have
thoughc good to put it in this place, that it
might not be loft.

Nigella Baftard j or Cockle.

NICOTIAN, fee Tobacco, Chap. (112.

NIGHT-SHADE Red, fee Cherries Winter, Chap.
NIGHT-SHADE Woody , fee Bitter Tweet. Chap.

(77-

1. 'T' H E Names. It is called in Arabic

X Hamebathanaleb ; Hamebalchaich , & Ha-
mebalthaleb : in Greek , alio r^nyvQr, and

but the firft is moreufual and is accounted
the true Writing: in Latine, Solarium. , & Sol at rum ,
Uva Lupina , & Uva Vulpis : and in Englijh ,
Nightjhade and Morelle.

II. The Kinds. There are i. STftfx*'©' wxdi@-t
Solatium Hortenfe vrl commune , The Common or
Garden Nightshade : of which in this Chapter.

2. Solanum Letbale , or Solatium Majus , The Dead-
ly Night- lhade. 3. Solanum Halicacabum, or Win-
ter Cherries, of which we have difeourfed in
Chap. 122. 4. Solanum Lignofum, Dulcamara , or
Amaradulcis , Woody Nightfhade or Bitter-Sweet,
of which we have already fpoken in Chap. 77.
aforegoing.

III. The ^Garden or Common Kinds are,

M ttmO- Jt, Solanum Hortenfe vel

Sativum , Solanum commune , Solanum Vulgar c , Our
Common Night-fhade ; it is alfo called Garden
Night-Jhade, becaufe formerly it was Planted in
Gardens , tho’ not now; but it is yet found plenti-
fully in almoft all Gardens tho’ not Planted there;
it generally coming up of its own accord. 2. So-
lanum Vulgar e baccis rubris ; Solanum puniccum
Cordi ; Solanum rubrum & hit cum Gefneri , Com-
mon Night-fhade red Berried. 3. Solanum fomni -
ferum Diofcoridis , Mat thioli , Gefneri , Lacuna^
C/ufi) ’, Dodoncei , Lobclij^ Cctfalpini, Camerarij , Lag-
dunenfis , aliorumque , Sleepy Night-lhade. 4.
lanum fomniferum antiquorum verum , The true
Sleepy Night-fhade of Theophrafius and Pliny,

■>. Solanum Magnum rubrum Virginianum , Red
Night-fhade , or Red Weed of Virgina -, this re-
ferred to the Kinds of Solanum for the likenefs of
the Leaves, altho’much larger ; and it is called R&-
brum , both from the color of the Stalks, and the
color which it gives, with which the Indians color
both their Skins , and the Barks of Trees, with
which they make their Baskets, and fuch like
things. 6. Solanum Circceum majus Circcea major
(becaufe in its outward form it is like the dread
Diofcoridis : ) Circcea Lutetiana major Lobe/ij &
Pena-, Lappa Sylvejfris Tragi (from its rough *
Heads and Seed like Burrs : ) Helxine Sylvefiris ,
five fluviatilis major Thalij, (for that the Leaves are
like to Helxine or Par it aria: ) Ocimafirum Verruca-
rium Gefneri ; Herba Divi Stephani Tabernxmon -
tani , Solan folia Circcea dill a major Bauhini , The
greater Inchanters Night-fhade. 7. Solanum Cir -
cceum minus , Circcea minor ; Circcea Lutetianum mi-
nor -, helxine Sylvefiris minor ; Solanifclia Cir can
minor , Alpina, The lefter Inchanters Night-

fhade. 8. Solanum fruticofum Americanum ;
mumPlinij ; Pfeudocapficum Dodonai ; St rich no den-
dr on, i. e. Solanum arbor efeens -, Solanum Ameri-
cum Dalechampij ; Solanum Indicum •, Cerafa Indi-
ana, Tree Night-fhade, or Tree Winter Cherry.
Diof corides his virytmuif is, Solanum fomni*

ferum j but what his Stsvj®- Solanum furl*

ofum

f"*r‘ is very doubtful; lbme will I cepting tbit Hs Lewes arc fomewhat harder and

luve 1C to be the.Solannm Lethale, but others deny rougher, and the Bernes when they are ripe are of
It. ynd will have ir ro lit* r'norhpr Plant which i < 1 . •:

it, and will have it to be another Plant, of which
we lhall Ipeak more iii the next Chapter.

The Descriptions .

. iV. The fir$, or C?uf Common or Garden
Night-fliade. Its Root is white and a little Woody
(after it has perfected its blowers and bruit ) with
many fmall fibres adjoining to it and it fends
np an upright , round , green hollow Stalk , about a
loot, half a lard, or two Feet high, fprttadmg itfelj

n n I — a 1 c ' lrc il,c °J

a yellomjh red color-, the whole Riant growing alio

a little bigger than the former. In hot Countries
its Root abides many Tears, biit fcarcely fo with us:
it Jecms that this Plant is but a degenerate Species
jiom ue former, by reafon of our Climate, as it
happens in Sweet Fennel Seed, which being Sown
with us, in a fhort lime becomes (by tranf planta-
tion into our Country) changed into our Common
fennel. .

\I. The third, or Sleepy Nightfliade. Its Root
IS thick, long, and hard, and of a brownifh color oii
1Jr °u/,'r h nP witbfoveral thick, round,
JoJf Woody Stalks, divided into other Branches on

■tnhirlt r r. • . J

, > j - - J ji'ft-uutag njcij j-j-t ” — v vtutM, ui-umea into other Branches, ort

forth into many Branches, on which grow many dark I which grow many Jbft , woolly, but green, broad
green Leaves, fomething broad, and pointed' at the round Leaves, very like unto Quince Leaves ■ \wo al-
ends, feft and full of Juicb, larger than the Leaves ™aysfet at a Joint, one again/} another, of a fomcthine

:t 'T'Tfi ai Clufiusy^j. The blowers com? forth

Nigbt-fbade Garden.

of Bafil, elfe fomething like , and a little unevenly
waved about the edges. At the Tops of the Stalks
and Branches , come forth three or four, or more
white Flowers, made of five fmall pointed Leaves
apiece , fianding on a Stalk together, one by, or above
another , with yellow Point els in the middle, com-
pofed of four or five yellow Threads fiet together,
which afterwards turn into fo many pendulous Berries
hanging like thofe of Ivy, which are green at firfi,
and black afterwards when they are ripe, and are of
the bignefsof a fmall Pea, full of Juice, and con-
taining within each Berry fmall whitifh round fiat
Seed. The whole Plant is of a waterifh infipid
Tafie, but the Juice within the Berries is fomewhat
V if cons, like unto a thin Mucilage, and is- of a
cooling and binding quality .

V. The fecond, or Common Nigh t-fhade Red
Berried. This is in all ref pells like the former
Common Night-fliade, in its Roots, Stalks, Branch-
es, Leaves, Flowers, and manner of growing , ex-

r“'/rG Cl u fius fays. The blowers come fort!)

at the Joints with the Leaves, a# along the Stalks and
Branches , 3 or 4 together , roundabout them, which
are long and hollow , ending in 4 fomewhat long
and pointed Leaves, of a pale white color-, which
being paff, green Berries come forth in their places
fet in woolly Husks, zvbich being ripe are of a
yeUowifh red color , and larger than thofe of the

T.Vn; The or True Sleepy Nightfliade of

1 beopbraflifs and P liny. Its Root is fomewhat great
aniWoofa covered with a whitifh Barf not very
thick, of an ill Smell, and infpidTafle. It formes
up with or 4, or more thick, round , flraight
whitifh Stalks, about a Lard or mors high fpreai
out into fome other Branches , hard to break- fet
with fomewhat broad Leaves very like unto Qiiince
Leaves, fianding on fmall foot Stalks, not always
1 at a Joint but many fianding fmgly at the Joints:
Jiom the middle of the Stalks upwards, come forth
Jeveral reddijh Flowers together, confiding of 4
Leaves apiece-, after Mch follow fmall flripek
and pointed greemjh Husks, but red when they are
ripe, very like unto Bladders of Winter Cherries
but much lefs , with a red Berry within it in
planner, containing within it jeveral fmall

Vlit The fifth, or Red Nightfliade, or Red
Weed of Virginia. Its Root is white, and grows
very great with us, but penfhes if it is not defend-
ed from the Frojl m Winter, which ufually rot it :
but wits A at me places, it grows as big as a Man’s
Lrg, (and fuch I have feen of it in Carolina, and
other Southern parts of Florida) and above a Foot
long, which being cut crofs has like a Bryony Root
many circles to be feen in the middle. It is a large
riant, and takes its Name of Solanum from the
likenefs of its Leaves. It rifes up with a great
thick, round, reddijh Stalk, of the thick/tefs el ones
Thumb at leaf} ‘ and four or Jive Feet high, or more-
jet with many very large, frefh, green Leaves full

of l ems (but without any order,) fome greater and
Jome fmaller, andfometimes many of them turning
reddijh -, from the Joints where the Leaves /land
from the middle of the Stalk upwards, come forth
many fmall foot Stalks with Flowers, which are very
Jmall, confiding of four Leaves apiece , of a pale
red, or blufh color, divers (landing together as it
were in a fmall long duller, which afterwards
bang forth fmall b/ackijh round Seed, 4 ufually
fet in one Husk-, which fcldom come to ripe nets
with us in England.

n 7^* flxt!: •> or Great Inchanters Night-
lnade. Its Root is fmall, very white, and full of
Joints and Branches, by which it /hoots forth
ar.a creeps every zo./y under Ground, quickly taking
up a great compafs , It rifes up with one or more

s e

round

Salmon s ‘Herbal. Lib, L

round and jointed Stalks , mofi commonly fan ding
upright, yet fometimes leaning doom to the Ground ,
and taking Root again at the Joints: it grows about
a Foot or half a lard high , efpecial/y if it grows
in a mvifi Jhaay place , with two Leaves Jet at every
Joint , each of them growing upon a pretty long foot
Stalk, which arc broad, and round almofi at the
bottom, but very long pointed at the end, fome thing
waved about the edges, much like to the Leaves oj
Nightfhade as fome think, or rather like to thoje of
Pellitory of the Wall ^ being of a Jlnning green
color on the upper fide -, and tender, f oft and gentle
in handling but a little hairy, and oj a dark gray-
ifh color underneath. From the middle of
the Stalk almojl upwards, the F lowers grow in
Spiek fafhion, many fet together, one above another,
which Jhcw to be of a dark brown colqr, whileft t hey
continue Budds, not blown open, but being blown
are J mall Star like Flowers, con fifing of five
Leaves apiece, dafht over, efpecialy at the brims or
edges, with a light few of blufh, with many brown-
iff) yellow Threads in the middle -, zvherc, after
they are pa (l, [mail, rough, round Heads come forth,
like unto fmall Burrs, flicking to Garments in like
manner, in which are contained fmall Jhining black
Seed, fomsthing like unto the Seed of Parietaria, but
lejjer.

cJndianiers VCiflstladc.

X. The f eventh , or Letter Inchanters Night-
fhade. This in its Root, Stalks, Leaves, Flowers,
Seed, form, and manner oj growing, and indeed in all
rej "pells is like to the former , and differs from it only
in. that it grows much lejfer in every part , and this,
altho it grows in the fame Ground or place. Thefe
two Plants obtained the Name of Inchanters, from
Circe the Inchan t refs, they being fome thing like the
Circea Diofcoridis, and not from any Inchanting
Tower or Virtue that is in them.

XI. The eighth , or Tree Night-fhade, zvhich is
« beautiful Plant in refpetf to its green Leaves and

red Berries. It has a fmall long woody yellowflringy
Root, with many Fibres adjoining to it : from whence
J'prings up a Woody Stem or Stalk as thick as ones
Finger or Thumb, and about 3 or 4 Feet high, covered
with a whitijh green Bark,fpread out into many green
Branches, having on them many fair green Leaves $

Tree Nightfhade.

fometimes unevenly .waved on the edges , narrower
than any Nightfhade Leaves , amt very near ref em-
tiling the Leaves of Capficum or Guinny Pepper,
(whence the Name Pfeudo Capficum, for it has no-
rthing of the nature of that Plant in it) hut /mailer,
and narrower , falling away in the Winter, and
Shooting frejh again in the Spring. The flowers
grow often 3 or 5 together at the Joints of the
Branches with the Leaves ; they are white and Star
fajhioned , but fometimes turning lhcmfelves back,
with a yellow Poinlel in the middle , very like to
Nightfhade flowers ; when they are fag, Jmall
green Buttons come in their places, which after-
wards come to be pie af ant round red Berries , of the
bignefs of fmall Cherries when they are rife , which
with us ripen not till about Chriltmas-, in which
are contained many .flat, fmall, whitijh Seed. All
the whole Plant , as well Leaves and flowers as
Seed, are without either Smell or Tafle.

XII. The Places. The firft grows Wild with
us under old Walls, and among Kubbifh, by com-
mon Path Ways, by Hedge fides, and banks of
Ditches both in hot and cold Countries; and in
all Climates it grows naturally or fpontaneoufly
in moll Gardens, without any Sowing it, or Plant-
ing it. The fecond and third grows Wild only in
hot Countries, as Spain, Italy, 8tc. The fourth
Alpinus fays, glows; in Candia. The fifth in Vir-
ginia, Carolina , New- England, and other Provinces
of floriia, But thefe lalt four grow with us only

ifl

in Gar Jens. The fixth and, feventh grow in moift
and ihady places, and home times at the Roots of
old rotten Trees in Woods , _ and femetimes by
Hedg-fides, and borders of Fields. The lalt is
thought to come from the Wefi-Indies , but it has
been an Inhabitant a long time in our Englifh Gar-
dens, where it Lives and continues reafonably well,
fo that fome care be taken of it in Extremity of
Winter.

XIII. The Times. They all except the Iaft dye
away in Winter, and come up f'refh again in the
Spring. The third or Sleepy Nightfhade , by rea-
Ton it comes out of a warmer Country, will farce-
ly endure, but petilh by the extremity of our
Winters, unlels it be well fenced or defended. The
two firft: which dye every Year, and rife of their
own Sowing, fpring not out of the Ground, till
lute in the Year, as about the latter end of April
or beginning of May, The firft five, Flower in me
Summer Months, and continue Flowering tillldx-
tumn is well /pent, after which their Berries come
to ripenefs. The fixth and feventh fpring up in
April, are in Flower in June, and give their ripe
Seed in Augufl, then dye away to the Ground,
the Roots abiding fafe all Winter. The eighth
Flowers fometimes in June , but generally in
July and Augufl-, and the Fruit is ripe about
the latter end of December or begining of Jan-
uary.

XIV. Tie Vitalities. Of all thefe Plants be
fore deferibed, the firft is only, or chiefly ufed i.
Phyfick. It is cold in the third Degree, and dry
in the fecond: Anodyn, Aftringent, Cofmetick
Diuretick, Repercuflive, Hyfterick, Nephritick and
Aithritick.

XV. Tie Specification. It is prevalent againft
Inflamations of the Throat and Tonfils, eafes the
Head-ach and Gout, provokes Urine, and gives
eaie in the Strangury.

XVI. T be Preparations. You may have here-
from, 1. A Liquid Juice. 2. A Decouion in Water.
3. Anlnfolatei Oil. 4. An Ointment, y. APejJary.
6. A Cataplafm. 7. A Ponder of the Bark of
the Root. 8. A Ponder of the Seed. 9. A Dc-
cotiion of the Root in Wine. 10. A Dijii/led Wa-
ter of the whole Herb. 11. ACoUyrium. 12. A
Lotion.

' the Virtues.

XVII. The Liquid Juice of the Herb or Berries.
It is of uft to cool vehement Inflamations, whether
inwardly given or outwardly applyed, being no
ways dangerous as that of the Solanum Lethale is,
or as the Solanum Somn ferum , which is fcarcely
fafe for internal ufes. But however the Juice of
this Common Kind by reafon of its great coldnefs,
muft be given in due proportion; being firft clari-
fied, it may be given (mixed with a little Honey)
to a’ Spoonful or fomething more : It cures an Ery-
fipelas by Bathing therewith, and dipping double
Linnen Cloths in it, and laying it over the Sore,
and is good againft creeping and corroding Ulcers.
Bathed upon the Temples, it takes away the heat
and Inflamation of the Eyes. The Juice of the
Somniferous, comes nearly to the duality of Opt
■um , to procure Sleep , but it is fomething weak-
er -. ’dropc into the Ears , it prefently eafes their
pain-

XVIII Tie ttecoUion in Water. It has all the
Virtues of the Juice, but not full out fo powerful,
and may be given inwardly againft Fevers to' three
01 four Spoonfuls. Ths Eyes Wafhed thyevvith,

ir takes away their heat, inhumation, and eafes

their pain.

XIX. The Inflated, or Decoded Oil. It is
made of the Juice or brldfcd Herb , with Oil
Olive or Oil of Rofes. Anointed upon Inflamations,
Shingles, and Fiery breakings out, it cools, eafes,
and heals them. '

XX. The Ointment. It is made of the Juice
mixed with Wine Vinegar, Oil of Rofes aniCerufe ,
ground together for a confiderable time in a Leaden
Mortar , till it comes to the confflence of an Oint-
ment. It is good to Anoint with in all Heats and
Inflamations, Anthonies Fire, Shingles, Fiery
Puftules, and other like eruptions, in whutfoever
part vehemently afflitted with heat : it eafes the
Head-ach, gives relief in Frenzies, the Temples
and Fore-head being Anointed rherwirh, and cools
Inflamations of the Eyes. And is profitable alfo
againft Ringworms, Tettars, Shingles, Herpes and
all forts of running, fretting, eating Sores or Ul-
cers, weeping and moift Fiftula’s, Cfc.

XXI. ThePeffary. It is made of the Green Herb
tnd Root beaten together, and formed with Wool or
Cotton, and then dipt into the Juice. Being put
up the Womb, it flops the overflowing of
the Terms, and the Flux of the Whites in
Women.

XXII. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Green
Herb, beaten in a Mortar , and brought to a mode-
rate Confifency with Barley llovier. Applyed to
the Tefticles or Cods, it eafeS the pain and dil-
cufles the Swelling Applyed to the place in a
Megrim, or other Head-ach, it prefently eafes the
Pain : and difeuffes hot Tumors in the Throat: It
gives prelent eafe alfo in the Gout.

XXIII. The Pouder of the Bark of the Root,
Taken to a Dram in Wine, it eafes pain like Opi-
um, and procures Reft and Sleep, but this Dofe is
not to be exceeded for fear of danger.

XXIV. The Pouder of the Seed. It may be
taken in White Port or. Lisbon Wine, from half a
Dram to a Dram.:. fo taken, it powerfully pro-
vokes Urine, and is profitable \againft the Dropfy,
and takes away heat and, fealding in Pilling : but
it ought not to be tak0 too pften, nor in too great
a quantity, becaufe it is apt to induce a Frenzy :
The remedy of which is (as Authors fay) to Drink
liberally of Warm Honied Water.

XXV. TbeiDecoffion of the Root in Wine. Being
held in the Mouth, it gives eafe in the Tooth-
ach: and Pliny fays-, it is good to fallen loofe
Teeth.

XXVI. The Diflilled Water of the - whole Herb.
It has all the the Virtues of the Liquid Juice , and
may be ufed in the fame manner, but in a greater
quantity or Dofe: And Authors fay, that the
Water is fitteii and fafeft to be taken inward-
ly , and in that refpeft prefer it before the
Juice.

XXVII. TheCoUyrium. Take of the Juice of the
Root 3 Ounces ; Clarified Hony 2 Ounces ; Vinegar
half an Ounce ; mix them. Put into the Eyes, it
eafes their pain and l/natting, cools their heat
or Inflamations; it ftrengthens weak Eyes, and
clears the fight.

XXVIII. Tie Lotion. Take of the Clarified
Juice 8 Ounces ; Red Port Wine 4 Ounces ; Clarifi-
ed Hony 3 Ounces ; mix them for a Lotion. It
eafes the pains of the Teeth, cleanfes old, running
and putrid Sores and Ulcers, and heals Cankers,
and other like Sores in the Mouth and Throat,
they being often waftlt and gargled therewith.

5 G 2

CSH A f.

y8o Salmons

CHAP. DXXL

" Of NIGHT-SHADE DEADLY.

0 R,

D W A L E.

1. 'T' H E Name}: It is called in Greek ,

I 27 (uxvQ- QcWc&tvAsi x) Srfu'x.i'©’ Savdoj^oy :
in Lat'ine , Solan ion Lethale •, Solanum Lethi forum ,
vel Letbiftcum: Solanum Deleterium : in Englijk ,
Deadly Nightfhade , and Dwale.

II. The Kinds. There is, i. Solanum Lethale
('properly fo called) Solanum majus Matthioli , Gc-
falpini & Came r an j Solanum bortenfe nigrum
Tragi • Solanum fomniferum , Lobelij & Lugdu-
nenjisz, Solatium Lethale Cl lift], Dodonxi , LfThalij -,
Solanum Sylvaticum Gef fieri , Anguillara , Guillian-
dini , t? Dodonxi Deadly Nightfhade, or Dwale.

2. Solanum Lethale minus , The letter Deadly
Nightfhade. 3. Solanum Somniferum alt e rum
Matthioli , Camerarij , Gefneri iJ Lugdunenfis -,
Solani Lethali aliud genus Dodonai , The other
Sleepy Nightfhade, which Dodorixus calls, an
other Kind of the Deadly Nightfhade.

Tie DefcriptionSm

III. Tfo? /r/?, or Deadly Nightfhade, or Dwale.
J/y /’j , growing down deep into the

Ground , and fpreading great Branches therein ■,

BerbaL Lib, L

lefties creeping under Groan 1, riftng up in
fever al places dijlant , quickly fpreading over d
Ground It grows fometmes to the height of a
Man, but ufually it ri/es up not above 2 Or 4 ffo-f
or fometbing more , having round green Stalky
Jet with divers large Leaves much greater than any
of thofe before, fnooth and of a dark green color
fet upon very fhort foot Stalks -, among which at the
Joints with the Leaves, come forth fever al long
hollow flowers , dented at the brims , of a faint
dc adijh purple color , in a green Husk , growing up -
on d fhort foot Stalk, which being fallen away, round
Bernes fucceed , which are at fir ft green, but
afterwards when ripe , come to.be of a fhining black
color, like fhining or polifhcd Jet, full of a purplifh
Juice, many whitifh Seeds being contained within
it-, the whole Plant has 710 good Tafte nor Smell,
but unfavory , bitter, and very pernicious 5 /&> ifcy-I
r!es are a little fweetifh and lufcious, but not plea-
fant to an acute Palate.

IV. The fecond,or Letter Deadly Nightfhade. This
in its Roots , Stalks, Leaves, f lowers. Berries, Seed,
Smell, Tafte, form and manner of growing, is much
like the lift, faving that in this the Leaves are lefjef ,

Kightftade Deadly lefier.

and of a darker green Color, and ft and upon longer
foot Stalks , and the flowers which are Bell fafhi-
oned as the other, are not fo great and large as they
are. 7

V. The third , or other Sleepy Nightfhade,
called by Dodon.eus, the other Kind of Deadly
Nightfhade. Its Root is great, and fprettds it felf
out into many Branches under Ground , with many
libres adjoining to them. It has an upright crefted
or cornered Stalk , with many Leaves thereon , being
longer and narrower , than thofe of the True ’Sleepy
Nightfhadej and more inclining downwards to the
Ground, full of Veins running longwife and Traverfe
therein. At the Joints of the Stalk , from the
middle part upwards , come forth feveral pendie-

to Us

'Englijl) Herbs. y 85

Other Sleepy ~NightJhade

tons movers , banging by very Jong Stalks , being
iong and hollow lilie unto a Bell-Flower, of a pur-
{101 color , each of them Jet in a large green Husk,
dented or cut into five parts at the edges, but not
very deep : in which after the Flower is paft , comes
forth a round Berry , of a deep blackijh purple color,
enclofed therein to the middle, and having a Crown
like form at the Head of the Berry, which has a
Wine like Juice, and many J. mall white Seeds with-
in it.

VI. The Places. The firft and lecond grow
Wild, not only in feveral Woods in Germany,
but alfo in a great number of places in Eng-
land, as in the Cattle Yard of Framingham in Suf-
folk ; under the Wall of Jefrn Colledge in Cam-
bridge, and in many other places of that Country :
at Ilford in Effex: at Croydon among the Elms, at
the end of the Town: \n More Park: in the Park
of formerly Sir Percival Heart, at Lcl/injlone in
Kent, on the Conny Borrows in Barling Park like-
wife : alfo in the Way going Horn S. Mary Cray,
to Foots Cray, over againft a great Field called
Wenael. In former Years it was found growing in
an Orcbyard in Lyn-Regis in Norfolk, near th eSoitih
Gate-, where it bore noble and great Berries as large,
as large Black Cherries ; of which I remember a
little Boy of about 7 Years old, (Job Taylor by
Name, a Gardiners Son there by) eat feveral of
them, by which he was Poifoned, and died in a vio-
lent Fever, fwelled in the Stomach and Belly, the
whole Body being as red as Fire, and all in about
2 Hours time ; the number of the Berries, accord-
ing to the belt of my remembrance, did nor exceed
a dozen ; for this Accident fake, the Owner of the
Orchard, rooted it out of his Ground: The laft
grows in the Eaft Countries in Syria, as alfo in
Italy near 1 rent ; but with us only in Gardens,
where it is Nurft up by the more Curious. The
firft is alfo found plentifully in Holland in Lincoln-
Jhtre, and in the IJle of Ely, at a place called Wal-

foken in Norfolk near Wisbich .- it was alfo found
growmg near High-Gate, not fir from the Pond on
the left Hand, as Gerard fays : It grows generally
m untill’d places, near High-ways, near Hedges and
in the corners of Wood-iand Grounds, and lonie-
times in Marfhy places.

VII. The Times. Thefi Plants flourilh all the
Spring and Summer: They Flower in July and
Augufi: and their Fruit is ripe in Attguft and
September, after which they fade and dye away.

VIII. The Qualities. Deadly Nigbtjhade is laid
to be cold in the fourth Degree, and dry in the
third : Anodyn, Narcotick, KeperculTive, Arthri-
tick, and Deleterious.

1 JX' Specification. It is prevalent againft
Jnnamations, Shingles, Anthonies Fire, Ophrhal-
To,leS’.on(l t0 ca u ^ le^ 5 hut by reafon of its
Mortfterous quality , is fcarcely ever given in-
wardly.

X. The Preparations. You may have herefrom
! . A Liquid Juice of the Leaves. 2. An Ointment.
?. A Utaplafm. 4. A Dtjlilled Water.

The Virtues.

XI. The Juice of the Leaves. Ufed either alone '
or mixed with a little Vinegar, and Bathed upon’
the Fore-head and Temples, upon any great Diftem-
perature, or in a Frenzy, long watchings, or in a long
Sicknefs and Weaknefs, it caufes Reft and Sleep
1c takes away the Violent pains of the Head Horn
a hot caufe, alleys Inflamation, and is good againft
the Shingles and an Fryiipelas or Anthonies Fite
and all other Fiery and running Cankers, it cools’
them, and Hops their fpreading: applyed alfo in
the Gout, it eafes the pain, and repells the Hu-
mors, if in the begining, but is not proper to be
Applyed if the Difeafe has been of any con-
tinuance, left it fends it up into the Stomach, to
the Patients farther detriment.

XII. The Ointment. It has all the Virtues of
the Jttce it cools, allays Inflamations, eafes pain
caufes Rett and Sleep, being anointed upon the pro-
per parts 5 and is found to be a very good thing
againft the Diftemper of the Spleen, being anoin-
ted upon the Region thereof.

XIII. The Cataplafm. It has all the Virtues of
the Liquid Juice-, befides which, being applyed to
Ample Contufions, it reperculTes the flowing
Humor, and cures them. It eafes the pains of the
Gout upon the fpot; and in the beginning prevents
the afflux of the Humor.

XIV. The DiJIil/ed Witter. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Juice , but much weaker. It may be
given inwardly from I Ounce to 2 (as Authors fay)
and that without any danger: it is good againft
Heart burning, and Inflamations of the Vifcera and
being bathed upon the Eye Lids, or put into’ the
Eyes, it is good againit Ophthalmies, or Inflamations
there : hut it is much more powerful for this pur-
pofe, if it is mixed with equal parts of the clari-
fied, or filtrated Juice. It cools and removes the
Fluxion, to admiration.

„ XV. AW. ™s PIant !s of f0 Malign and
Deitruttive Qualities, that neither its Juice, Roots
Leaves, or Berries, ought to be given inwardly -
but the Bernes are a certain Poifon even upon the
fpot, as appears by the fad Example of the Boy
before related, who was our next Neighbors Son,
and my Play Fellow, my felf being rouch about
the fame Years : I eat one or two of the Berried
at the fame time, but by reafon ©f their Lufhions

9*.

782 Salmon s Herbal Lib, I.

or Maukifti Tafte, eat no more of them, and for Lattuca Montana Wore purpureo -Bakhta/, Clufius
that reafon efcaped the danger. hisAuftrian Nipple-wort.

This Cut fhould have been placed in Chap. 77.

aforegoing but that it might not be lolt, we
- have put it at the end of this Chapter.

The Defer iptivnf.

CHAP. DXXII.

Of NIPPLE-WORT;

1. 't* H E Names, it is called in Greek, A w
X -UVh : in Latine , Lampfana , alfo , and is
thought to be the true hampfane Diofcoridis : in
Englijh Nipple-wort.

II. The Kinds. Some will have this Plant to
be a Species of Soncbus or Sowthijlle •, others
of Hieracium , or Hawkweed -, if it is a Species
of either, it feems rather to be of the latter ^
I rather think it to be a peculiar Plant fui
generis , or of its own kind. The three follow-
ing Species we fhali deferibe to you, viz. 1.
Lampfana Vulgaris , Lampfana Diofcoridis -, Lamp-
fan a Lobelij, Dodoncci , Lugdunenfis , T balij & Ca-
nierdrij ; Papillaris Corner arij -, Soncbis Cognation
Gefneri , Gf Soncbi genus -, Our Common Nipple*
wort. 2. Soncho ajjnis Lampfana Sylvatica • Bau-
bini-, Soncbus Sylvaticus fecundus Tabern&monta-
7ii , Wild or Wood Nipple-wort, Baftard Nipple-
wort. 3. Lampfana Auftriaca Far kinfoni 5 Soncbus
Josvior Fannonicm quart us Flore purpureo Clufij •,

III. The f.rjl , or Our Common Nipple-wort.
Its Root is f mall and thready, and being broken or cut,
yields a white bitter Milk or Juice. From zobence
fpring up one or more upright hard Stalks , on which
grow dark green Leaves , from the bottom to the
tops , but leJJ'er fill as they grow higher: in fome
places whole without dents on the edges , and in
others with a few uneven cuts therein, fomething
after the manner of Hawkweed. Lite tops of the
Stalks have frtall long Branches, which bear many
fmall Star like yellow' jh Flowers on them, which con-
vert into fmall Seed.

Nipple-wort Common.

IV. In Gerard , the former is thus Defcribed.
Its Root is fmall Fibrous and white -, its Leaves are
rougbifh and hairy , of an over-worn green color,
deeply cut or indented, on both fides like the Leaves
of fmall Turneps. T he Stalks grow to the height
of two or three Cubits, and fometimes higher, di-
viding themf elves towards the top , into f undry
little Branches, whereon grow many fmall Flowers,
like thofe of Hieracium or Hawkweed : which de-
caying are fucceeded by little Creffed Heads, con-
taining a longifl) fmall Seed, fomewhat like to Let-
tice Seed, but of a yellowifh color. The Flant is
alfo Milky, and the Stalk Woody.

V. The fecond, or Wild, or Wood, or Ballard
Nipple wort. This Wild or Wood Kind differs
not much either in Root, Stalks, Leaves, Flowers,
Seed, or manner of growing , from the former,

being

Chap. 52:5, 'Englijb 'Herbs .

783

being very like unto it ■, but its Leaves are fome-
what broader ■, and it has a greater (lore of Branch-
es, but in its Holders and other particulars , it dif-
fers not much.

VI. 'The third , <jsr Clufius his Auftrian Nipple-
wort. Its Root is fmall , fibrous , and enduring many
Tears. And it has fever al fender fmooth and fo/id
Stalks, not eafy to break , a Cubit high or .more ■,
on which are Jet without any order , fomewhat long
and narrow Leaves , broadcjl in the middle , and
Jharp at the ends , waved a little about the edges ,

comparing tpem at the bottom , yielding a
little Milk, from the upper Joints with the Leaves ,
fpread forth fmall firm Branches , <2 /////?

bearing each of them four or five long green
Husks , //? them fmall purplifh flowers , of five

Leaves apiece , nicked in at the broad ends , with
fome fmall Threads in the middle , which turn into
Downe. which is carried away with the Wind.

VII. The T laces. The’ firft grows almoft every
where by High -ways, upon Walls made of Mud
or Earth, in Stony places, upon the Banks of
Ditches, and Borders of Fields, in moft Counties
of England. The fecond near Wood-fid es and
Hedge-rows. The third Clufius found in Hungaria ,
and in Saxonies Harcynia Sylva , and other places •,
but with us it is only found Nurft up in G<?r-
<lens.

VIII. The Times. The firft Flowers from May
to the end of Auguft , and the Seed is ripe in
July, Auguft , and September. The fecond and
third Flower in the Summer Months, and their Seed
is ripe foon atrer.

IX. The Qualities. The firft which is that which
is only ufed, is temperate in refpefl to heat or cold,
drynefs or moillure. Digeftive, Abfterfive, of thin
parts, and able to abforb the Virulency of fharp and
corroding Humors.

X. The Specification. It is peculiar again!!
Shingles, breakings out of the Lips after Fevers,
fharp and running Sores, and the exulcerated Nip-
ples of Womens Breafts , whence it came to be
called Papillaris or Nipple-wort,

XI. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. A Liquid Juice. 2. An Ointment. 3.
A Cataplafm.

' The Virtues.

XII. The Liquid Juice. It cools Tnflamations,
difculfes Tumors, and is good again!! fore Eyes,
Shingles, Pimples, and breakings out of the Face
and other parts •, applyed to the Sore Nipples of
Womens Breafts, it heals them.

XIII. The Ointment made with Hogs Lard , and
a little Bees Wax. It is one of the belt things in
the World to heal Womens fore Breafts and fore
Nipples being applyed : it alfo heals fuperficial
running Sores in other parts.

XIV. The Cataplafm. It has all the fame Vir-
tues of the Liquid Juice and Ointment : Abforbs
the acid and corroding Humor , and cures fimple
Contufions.

NONE-SUCH, fee Flower of Conftantinople,

(Chap. 280.

/NOON-TIDE, fee Goats-Beard, Chap. 310,
NOON-FLOWER , fee Goats-Beard, Ibid.
NOSE-BLEED, fee Yarrow, Chap.

NUTMEG, fee the Tree, Lib. II.

CHAP. DXXIII.

Of OAK of C A P P A D O C I A.

f ' | ' H E Karnes. It is called in Greek , Au-
lt e n/isyu : (quafi -n-mi bias Deorttm

Gibus , the hood of the Gods, from its excellent
fragrancy, and for that it feems to give long Lite
toliichas eat thereof that they might be held to
be in a manner Immortal.^ In Lanne, Ambrofm
Hort'injis ; Ambrofa Vera ; Ambrofa Maritime Bau-
hini , Ambrofa Saliva Camerarij , Dodon.fi, Lobeiij ,
& Taber nxmonl am -, Art emifafecundaP Unit ■ Ar-
temi fa genus Gefneri , who with Angutllara and
Cameraritis fuppofe it alfo to be Conyzu Htppocra-
tis -, Artemifa monoclones Lugdunenfs : in Englijb
Oak of Cappadocia.

II. The Kinds. It is a lingular Plant, fui ge-
neris h , I know other Authors make two or three
forts of Ambrofa , but two of them are other
Herbs, which have no relation to this, as rite Coro-
nopus refins , f S' Corenopus repens Ruellij, Bucks -
horn, or Wart-Crejfe , of which we have already
difeourfed in Chap. 01. aforegoing: but what we
treat of here is the firft Kind, both of Lobe/ and
Gerard , which is the True Garden Ambrofa , thofe
other being Ambrofa agria, and Plants of another
Species.

She Defcriptions.

III. This Plant, or Oak of Cappadocia has d

long flenier Root, fpreading itfelf Jonh, into many
Branches and f ibres-, from -which apmes forth one
hoary, while, piped, or freaked Stalk, rijing to
be two Feet high at leaf, in any good fort of Ground
which divides or fpreads it felf out into many
Branches, from the very bottom-, on which grow
without any certain order, Ledves Something large
upon pretty long foot Stalks , very much cut in on
the edges fomewhat refembling the divifons of
Mugworc Leaves, efpecially the ends of them but
much f nailer than they , being all whitijh or hoary
upon the green, and of a very pleafng Smell,' net
fo hot or flrpng as Botrys or Oak of Jerufulem,
At the tops of all the. Branches both great and final/
grow the Flowers, which are fmall, round, yellow
Mojfe Buttons, never opening abroad, nor bring
mg any Seed, but fall away like Chaff. But under
thefe Flowers from among the Leaves, come forth
fmall Jbort Stalks, bearing two or three or four
fmall rough and pointed Heads , without any Flowers
before them, in which is contained fmall round
blackift Seed, almoft like the Kernels or Stones oY
Raifons or Grapes. J

IV. Gerard gives us another defeription, which
being compared with the former, will more excel-
lently declare and fet out the Plant ^ and it is as
follows. The Root and whole Plant perijhes with
us in England at thefirfi approach of Winter. Di-
ofcorides jfy’r, that it grows about three Handfuls
high , but in Gerards Garden , it grew to be about
three Feet high , yielding many weak , crooked , and

ftreaked

Salmon V Herbal. Lib, L

ftreaked Branches^ dividing them/ elves into fever al
other / 'mailer Branches , having from the midjl to
the top thereof many MoJJte , yellowijh Flowers, not
much unlike to thofe of Our Common Wormwood,
funding one before and above another in good order.
~ And the whole Plant is at it were covered over with
Bran or a Mealy dufh The F lowers do change into
/mail \ prickly , cornered Buttons, much like unto
Tribulus Terreftris (in Chap. 106. aforegoing ) in
which is cant ained blacky round Seed , not unpleafant
in either Tafte or Smell . The Leaves are infhape
like unto the Leaves of Mug wort, but thinner and
more tender : all the whole Plant is hoary j and
yields a plcofant fcent.

V. The Places. Ic grows Naturally in Cappado-
cia^ and ic is a Native alfo (as Bellonit/s fays) in
many Places of Afia Minor : but with us, and fo
likewife thro’ all Europe , it is only Nurft up, and
found growing in Gardens.

VI. The Times. It feldom Flowers in our
Country till Auguft, and very rarely gives us any
ripe Seed} for thelealf cold Night coming before
it Seeds, makes it prefently dye away and perifh,
fo that for the molt part (without very great care)
we are to fe’ek out for Seed, from Spain , Italy , and
other like places.

VII. The Qualities. It is hot 'and dry in the
fecond Degree, and of thin and fubtile parts. It
Incides, is Ablterfive, Aftringent and Pe&oral.

VIII. The Specification. It (tops a Fluxion of
Rheum or Humors into the Stomach and Lungs,
cures Fluxes of the Bowels : and (as Gerard fays)
cuts tough Flegm, and is good for fuch as are
fhort Winded , and cannot eafily draw their
Breath.

IX. The Preparations. You may make here-
from, I . A Liquid Juice, i. A Decollion in Wa-
ter or Wine. 3. A Conferve of the Green Herb.
4. A Ponder of the dryed Herb. 5 . An Oint-
ment or BalJ'am. 6. A Cataplafm.

T he Virtues .

X. The Liquid Juice. It is Ablterfive and
cleanfing, and Hops the Flux of Humors into any
part, and therefore is of excellent ufe to ftrengthen
the Stomach and other Bowels, and cure Fluxes
of all kinds in thofe parts. Externally applyed to
any part, it repells the flowing Humor , cleanfes
old running Sores and Ulcers, and induces their
healing. Dole 1, 2 or 3 Ounces morning and
Night in any proper Vehicle.

XI. The Decollion in Water or Wine. It has all
the Virtues of the Liquid Juice but not fo power-
ful : it may be given from 4 to 6 Ounces, fweetned
with white Sugar, or Sugar Candy-, and fo exhibi-
ted, it is profitable againlt Coughs, Colds, Wheez-
ings, fhortnefs of Breath, difficulty of Breathing,
and caufes an eafy Expectoration of the pituitous
matter lodged in the Breft and Lungs.

XII. The Conferve of the green Herb. It has
the Virtues of the Juice and Decollion , and is ufed
as an excellent thing by fuch as are in Confumpti-
ons, and have lain under the the tedious languifh-
ment of an inveterate Cough. Dofe as much as
a Ckeftnut.

XIII. T he Ponder of the dryed Herb. It is given
to a Dram or more in any proper Vehicle againlt
the Bloocly Flux, and all other Fluxes of the
Bowels : outwardly being plentifully lfrewed upon
old, putrid, running Sores and Ulcers, it cleanfes
and drys them, repreffes the farther Flux of the
Humor, and difpofes them to a fpeedy healing.

XIV. The Ointment or Ba/fam. They are Vul-
nerary and of great ufe in healing not only of
Green Wounds, but alfo of old Sores and running
Ulcers, of difficult cure, for they digeft, cleanle
incarnate, dry, and induce the healing to a
wonder.

XV. The Cataplafm of the Green Herb. It re-
pels the Humor and cures fimple recent Contufions.
According to Diofcondes , it has a property to Hop,
repel and bind thofe Humors, which fall into any
part of the Body, being outwardly applyed 5 and
of the fame opinion alfo is Galen himfelf.

CHAP. DXXIV.

Of O A K of J E R U S A L E M.

I- T" 'HE Kama. It is called in Greek,

X i n Lathe, Botrys alfo: and in Englifh
Oak of Jerufalem. All Authors call it Botrys ; but
Diofcondes lays, that in his time. The Cappadocians
called it Ambrofta , and home others called it Arte-
mefia. Cordtis upon Diofcondes calls it Ambroftas
altera Species ; and he fays that in feme Apotheca-
ries Shops in Germany , the Seed was taken for
Amomttm. In the Hortus Eyjletejifis it is called
Artemefia Turcica : and Camerarius fays, the Ita-
lians call it Patientia.

II. T he Kinds. Formerly there was but one fort
of Botrys known, but now we have found out
another, growing in Virginia , i. The firft is called
limply Botrys ( a F/oribus IK Semimbus in Botryos
formam ramulis mfidentibus , from the Flowers and
Seed growing like unto a Bunch of Grapes.) Al-
fo Botrys vulgaris ; but Bauhtmts calls it Botrys
Ambroftoides vulgaris , Our Common Oak of Je-
rulalem. 2. Botrys Americana , which Bauhinus
alfo calls Botrys Ambroftoides Mexicoana • it is
likewife called Botrys Virginians, (V Botrys Fruti-
cofa Americana , American, or Virginian Oak of
Jerufalem, or Shrubby Oak of Jerufalem.

T he Descriptions.

III. The firft, or Our Common Oak of feru-
falem. Its Root is long and hard after giving Seed
perijhing Tear/y. It is a j. mall Bufky Plant full of
Branches, about a Foot and half high, with Jome
few, and not many Leaves thereon, which at the firft
springing up, are reddifh on the ttnderfide, and af-
terwards grow to be of a yellowijh green color , more
cfpecially when they grow old, and in the time of
blowering and Seeding, which are much cut in on
the edges, like unto Groundfel, but larger. Gerard
fays, that the upper fide of the Leaf is of a deep
green, and fame what rough or hairy and that the
Branches are befet with (mall Leaves deeply cut in
or jagged on the edges, very much refembhng the
Leaf of an Oak, which caujed our Englifh Women
to call it Oak of Jerufalem. From the middle of
the Branches upwards to to the very tops, grow
(mail, pale , yellow. Flowers like the BloJJoms or
young Blowings or Clufters of the Vine, which
turn into j, mall browntjh Seed. The whole Plant
is of a very pkafant Smell and of a kind of

Arc-

Aromatick Scent ; and while ft it is green is Some-
thing clammy in handling.

IV. The fccond , or American, or Virginian
Oak of Jerufalem. Its Root is fmall, Fibrous and
and Woody. s It rifes up alfo higher than the former ,
and its Branches are more Lignons and durable.
The Leaves are Something like unto Wild Arach,
but larger , and much cut in on the edges , like un-
to the former. The whole Plant both Flowers and
Seed , is moft like to the frft or our Common Kind;
and where it is a Native , or in Virginia, Florida,
Mexico, Sic. it will abide the Winter Seajon, be-
caife it is nothing fo violent ns ours ; but it will
not endure the Winters cold with us , without much
care in Houfing and preferring it : but it will

Spring up again of the Seed fovan the next Tear , as
fome other Plants do. The Smell hereof is Some-
thing ft rang , but very p/eafant , and comes very
near to that of the former.

V. The Places. The firft grows plentifully in
Italy, as alfo in the Southern parrs of France , both
by Water fides, and in dry Sandy Grounds, but with
us it is Nurlt up only in Gardens. The Second is
a Native of Mexico , Florida, Carolina, Virginia ,
from fome of which places, it has been brought
home to us, and planted in our Gardens, or in
Pots, that it may be Houfed, and fo be preferved
againft the coldnefs of the Winter.

VI. The Times. They both Flower and Seed in
Auguft and September, and do often times raife
themfelves of their own fowing, more elpecially
the former.

VII. The Vitalities. They are hot and dry in the
fecond Degree: they are both Aperitive, Attenu-
ating , Inciding , Pectoral , Arthritick , Hyfterick,
and a little Cathartick as fome Authors hold.

VIII. The Specification. They are of extraordi-
nary ufe in the curing of Afthma's, Coughs, Wheez-
ings, and other obftruftious of the Breft, Lungs,
Reins and Womb.

IX. The Preparations. You may make, i. A
Liquid Juice. 2. An E fence. 2. A Decoction , or
Infufion in Wine. 4. A Pouder of the herb. y.
An Ointment or Balfam. 6. A Fumigation. 7. A
Cat ap la fm. 8. A Spirituous Tintlure] 9. An Acid
Tintlure. 10. An Oily TinUure. n. A Syrup.

T be Virtues.

X. The Liquid Juice. It is a very good thing
againft an Afthma, Wheezing, and (hortnefs of
Breath, being taken with an equal quantity of
Honey Morning and Evening : It opens obftruffions
of the Breft and Lungs, and caules an ealie ex-
pectoration of the tough Flegm , and other crude
Humors which opprefs them : It cleanfes alio filthy
and corrupted Lungs, caufing the putrid Matter to
be fpit forth, and if they be exulcerated, it very
much conduces to the healing. Dofe from two
to three Spoonfuls Morning and Night.

XI. TheEJfence. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice, and may be given from 1 Spoonful to 2,
mixt with an equal quantity of Clarified Honey,
or with as much Syrup of Violets, and fo to be
taken twice a day as the former. It is an excel-
lent thing againft a Cough or Catarrh, or conti-
nual defluxion of thin, fait, and fharp Rheum.

XII. The Dccotlivn or Infufion in Wine. If a
little of Liquorice Root bruifed , be added to
it, it will be fo much the better; and then
taken from 3 to 6 Ounces mixed with a Spoon-
ful or 2 of C'arified Hony, or Syrup of Violets,
it will have aJI the effe&s of the Juice or EJJence.

Outwardly ufed as a Gargle for fore Mouths and
1 nroats, or for old running Sores, or putrid Ulcers
m any other parts, it cleanles them, drys, and ad-
mirably induces their healing.

XlJi. The Pouder of the Herb. Taken to a
Dram (in any fit Vehicle) ir ltrengthens the Sto-
mach, expels Wind, gives eafe in theCholick, and
ltops all forts of fluxes of the Bowels, and
ltrewed very thick upon external moift and running
Ulcers it cleanfes them , correHs the acrimony
drys and heals them. 1

XIV. The Ointment or Balfam. They are good
Anodyns and Vulneraries, digeft and heal iimple
Green Wounds, and that in a little time; difeufs
flatulent Tumors, digeft, cleanfe, and incarnate
(where need is) old Ulcers, dry, and difpofe them
Operari Cure’ ^ *n P^aces eafily admitting the

XV The Fumigation. It is made of the DecoUi-
on or Infufion in Water or Wine, which being put
into a Cog; r Pan is to be- fet upon a Chafing Difi,
of throughly kindled Charcole, in a Clojeftool: Then
a Woman fitting over it, fo as the Fumes may be
received up the Womb, it is laid to oring down
the Courfes, and to expel the Dead Child.

*VI I* Cataplafm. It is made of the Green
Herb, being heated in a trying-pan, be otherwife
and mat fined with a little Canary , Mu/cadine or
wife, and applyedhot to the Region of the
Womb, it gives eale in pains of the Mother. Or
you may make it of the Green Herb , with the ad-
dition of tdherfno and Camomil blowers, and tried
together with the Oil of Lillies, or of Rofes, or
Camomil. This being applyed hot to the Belly, of
a Woman in Child-Bed, prefently gives eafe' in
and takes away the After-Pains.

XVII. The Spirituous linclure. It warms and
comforts the Stomach, expels Wind in the Bowels
is good againlt Convulfions of the Vtfcera and
gives eafe in the Cholick.
uTci-’ the AcidTinlhtrc. It powerfully opens
obltruttions ol the Thorax, cuts tough Flegm, and
makes it fit for expeHoration, ftrengthens the Sto-
“?.ch’ ,caufes.a g°od Appetite and Digeftion, and
kills Fv orms in Children. Dole 20 or 30-DroDs in
any fit Vehicle. *

XIX The Oily Tin&urc. It is good againft
t onvuifions-of the Stomach and Bowels, prevails
againft raralytick Diftempers, opens obltruciions
of the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, gives relief in
the Strangury, powerfully provokes Urine, and gives
prefent eafe in After-pains, to Women in Child-
Bed. Dole 20 or 30 Drops.

XX Syrupus Botryas. Syrup of Oak of Jeru-
lalem. Take Oak of Jerufalem , Hedge Mu/iard
Settles of each 2 Handfuls , Coltsf oot a Handful
and half: Boil them in a fufficicnt quantity of
SpringWater till half be confumed ; Jirain out, and
to 2 T ounds of the DecoOton add 2 Founds home
fay 1 Found ) of the Juice of Turneps baked in an
Oven tn a clofe Fot : and with 3 Founds of white Su-
gar, boil it to the ConfiJiency of a Syrup. It is a
good PeUoral, defigned againft Afthma’s, Coughs
Colds, Shortnefs of Breath, Ulcers of the Lungs’
Spitting of Blood, Confumptions, and othei like
Infirmities of the Breft and Lungs, proceeding from
cold, fait, fharp Rheums, and tough Flegm ob-
ftrutting thofe Parts. Dofe from an Ounce to
2 Ounces, to be fuckt in leifutely with a Liquo-
rice Stick.

XXL Kota. This Plant or Herb, (as alfo Oak
of Cappadocia) are much ufed to be laid in Ward-
robes, or Preffes and Chefts, both to kill and
drive away Moths, and by their l'weet Smell to
Perfume the Garments.

S H . CHAP,

I. 'T' H E Names. This Plant is called by the
JL Arabians, Char taU, in Greek , and

a quod Ctbum fignficat : in Latine ,
Avena : and in Engli/h ,

II. Tfo Kinds. It is two fold, I. Manured ,
viz. i. Avena Vefca , Manured Oars. 2. Avena
nuda. , Naked Manured Oats. II. JfifA? O/rfr, viz.

77w£» Avena Sylveftris , Avena Sterihs ,
Bromos Herba Dodonai Bromos Sterilh longijfimus
arifiis Lobelij •, left uc ago Gaz& •, Pefiuca & Avena
fatua , Avena Graca , aliorum : Lo/ij primum ge-
nus Tragi-, JEgilops Maiihioli ; Common Wild
Oats, or Wild Bearded Oats. 4. Avena Sterilh
minor • Bromos Sterilh altera Lobelij-, Eefiuca alte-
ra Dodoma -, Syphonium U Bromos herba 1 'abernx-
montani \ Small Wild Oats.

Tie Defcriptions.

III. Tfc firfl , or Manured Oats. T/» Roof »
fmall and fibrous or Thready , which fends up fevc-
ral tall jointed Stalks , with large Grajfy Leaves ,
font e what refe mb ling Wheat, bearing at the Tops a
large fpread Tuft , of many pointed Aglets , hang-
ing down like fmall winged Birds , /;w;/ fmall

ed with a hard , horny , /hiding Husk , flicking cine
to it.

IV. The fccond, fir N; ked Manured Oats. T/Vs
P/;v/7? £>m\r //7 j// ref pelts like the former • /rang
that the Grain being fomewhat [mailer and whiter,
lyes not fo fafl enclofed in the Husk , but is very
eafily rubbed out with ones Hand.

V. Tfo third , #;■ Common "Wild Oats, c;- Wild
Bearded Oats. It s Root h fmall and fibrous or
Thready like the firfl: and this Common Wild
Oar, £/-£?rw both in Stalk and Leaves, fombihing
like unto the firfi Manured Oat, but that it feldom -
fifes fo high, being lower, fiendercr, f mailer , and

Common Wild hoarded Oats.

Oats Manured.

fofter. The tufted Head h fpread in the like man*
ner, having fuel) like winged Husks, with longed
Awns at the ends of them, but gentle, and not
prickly, growing upon fmall tender threadlike feet
Stalks. In thefe Husks is contained the Grain,
which is fmall and lank, as if it had no Subfiance
in it.

VI. The fourth, or Small Wild Oats. This
Wild Oat is very like the former , but leffer in
Stalk and Leaf. The fparfed Top, conffs of many
fender long Chaffy Ears, Bearded only at the ends,
growing upon long fender foot Stalks, and hanging
down their Heads, with fmall Grains in them, like
as that in the former. Of this Species there is another
fort , called Avena fterilis minor Serotina, which
bears its Oats late, or not till the other be paf.

VII. The Places. The Manured Kinds of both
forts, are Sown in Fields, for both Mans and
Horfes Food, but the Naked Oats are nothing fo
frequent as the firfl: Kind, and they delight in a
cold and moifl Ground, rather than in a hot and
dry: They are ufually the firfl: Seed which are
Sown upon Woodland Grounds after their Stocking

up.

Chap; 525, ‘Englijh Herbs ,

up. The I Vild Kinds are tound in many places
with us among Rye and Burly ■, and the fourth
Kind many times plentifully by Hedge-fides.

VIII. The Times. T\k Manured Kinds aiz Sum-

mer Grains, Sown in the Spring , and Reaped or
Cut dowrt in Autumn. The Wild Sorts are ripe in
July and AuguJ 1. .

IX. Kota. The Avena Vefta , are fo called a
Vefcendo , becaufe in many Countries they are eaten,
being made into Oat-Meal , of which they make
Bread, Cakes, Puddings, (Sc. and being Malted,
are alio by fome Peoplemade into Aleor Drink, very
good, and exceeding in pleafantnefs that made of
Burly. The Avena nuda , is like unto the former
Oat , but differsjn that thefe Naked Oats , as foon
as they are Thralhed or Rubbed out, without
help of a Mill, become Oat Meat, and fit for ufe;
for which reafon, in Norfolk and Suffolk they are
called Unhulled or Naked Oats.

X. The Qualities. Oats (according td Galen )
are cold and dry, and acording to our Opinion in
the beginning of the firlt Degree, Abfterfive,
Allringent and Nutritive.

XI. The Specification. Authors fay , they Hop
Fluxes of the Bowels: and yet made into Water
Gruel, or Milk Porridge, they certainly open, and
loofen the Belly.

XII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, r. Oat-Meal. 2. Bread, Cakes, Pudding.

5. Gruel or Broth. 4. ACream. 5. ACataplafm.

6. Malt. 7. Ale or Beer. 8. A Dccoflion.

The Virtues.

XIII. T be Oat-Meal. It is hulled in a Mill:
Eaten in any quanty raw by Young Virgins, it gives
them the Difeafi iCh/orofis, or that called the Green
Sicknefs, caufxng a frefh and well colored Maid to
look white, or of a Tallow Complexion', and al
moll as pale as Death. Made very hot in a Fry-
ing-Pan, and put into a Linnen Bag, and applyed
to the Stomach or Side pained, it gives eafe in the
Colick, and takes away Pains and Stitches in the
Side : but this ought to be done with whole Oat-
Meal, or with Oats unhulled.

XIV. The Bread, Cakes, or Pudding. They are
made of the Blower of the Oat- Meal, according to
the ufual Method. They flop Fluxes of the Bowels,
nourifh much, and reftore in Confutnptions. But
Puddings made of the Oat-Meal, whether whole or
Ground, and filled very full with Beef Suet fin ed
fmall, and blew Currants, or Raifons of the Sun,
always loofen the Belly.

XV. The Gruel or Broth. If made favory with
Salt, and eaten with a good quantity of frefh But-
ter, it loofens the Belly, and by continuing there-
of makes it foluble ; it fweetens the Juices and
Lympha, and takes away the Acrimony of the
Humors: the thicker it is made the more it
nourifiies, but if made to take with Purging Phy-
fick, it ought to be the thinner. If Milk is added to
it, tho’ it loofens the Belly, yet it nourifiies much
more than the Ample Gruel alone.

XVI. The Cream of Oat-Meal. It is made by
boiling with Water, the Head being continually
fcummd off: or it is made with the very fineft cf
the Blower, fir ft boiled with a little Water, then ad-
ding Milk to it, it is boiled to a Confiftency. It has
all the Virtues and goodnefs of the Gruel or Broath,
but much more delicious or pleafant : Mixt with
fine Sugar or Sugar Candy, and fo given, it is
profitable for fuch as have gotten a Cold or
( lough.

XVII. The Cataplafm. It is trade by boiling in
Milk, and till it comes to a Confiftency. It mode-
rately difcuffes, and that without biting or any
fitarpnefs: it allays Inflamadons, and ftrengthens
the part it is applyed to. If. mixt with Oil of Bays
and applyed, its good againft the Itch and Lepro-
iie : it diffolves or difcuffes hard Apoltems; and is
profitable againft a Biftula in Ano , or in the Funda-
ment. If the Cataplafm is made ef Wine Vinegar,
it difcuffes hard Tumors, Strengthens weak parts’
and takes away Spots , Freckles and Morphew in
the Face, or other places of the Skin.

XVIII. I he Malt. A ftrong Decol/ion if it. blade
into a Syrup with Hony, is good againft an Afthma,
as alfb for Coughs, Colds, Wheezings, fhortnefs of
Breath, (fie. Mixt with Turpentine and Tolk of
an Egg, it Digefts old, running and eating Ulcers,
and iacilitates their Cure.

XIX. The Ale or Beer. It has all the Virutes of
thofe made with Barly Malt, but this is much plea-
liinter, and is not fo Heady : it quenches Thirft
more, and inflames lefs, by which means, thofe
who drink it, Live in good Health and Strength of
Body: and palfes much better off by Urine, car-
rying away with it the Recrements of the Reins
Ureters and Bladder.

XX. TbeDecoffion of the Oat-Meal. If fuch as
have a Serpigo , or Impetigo, in their Hands or
Feet, fliall daily twice or thrice a day for fome con-
fiderable time , Bathe them here in; for half an
Hour at a time or more, it will at length heal thofe
Chops, Clifts, or -Rifts: but it ought to be done as
hot, as the Patient can well endure it. So alfo if
fuch Hands or Feet be held over the Fumes hereof
it is very profitable forthe fame Purpofe; more
efpecially if the Decottion is made with White
Wine Vinegar.

OLL Y-SEED, fee Gold of Pleafure. Chap, a 24.
OCULUS* CHRISTI, fee Clary Wild, Chap . 138.

CHAP. DXXVL

Of OISTER-GREEN,

0 R,

SEA-LUNGWORT,

0 R,

SEA-LETTICE.

I. 'T' El E Names. It is called in Greek, OeUuZ
X in Latine, Latluca

Marina, Bucus Marinus LaSuarius: in Englijh
Oifter-Green, Sea-Lettice, mi Sea-Lungwort.

II. The Kinds. There are two feveral Species
of this Plant, viz. I. Lafiuca Marina, Bucus Mac
rinus Diofcoridis-, Mufcus Marinus altera Matthi-
oli, Bucus Marinus prior Dodonai, Mufcus Mari-
nas Tbeophrafti : Bucus Marinus primus Diofcoridis
(Sf Tbeophrafti Bryon Lattuc<e fo/iis' Plinio & Lo-
belio 5 Lichen Marinus Gerariy •, Our Common
5 H 2 Oilier-

788

SalmonV

Lib.

Oifter-Green, Sea-Lettice, or Sea-Lungwort. 2.
Lichen Mari mis rotundifolius Gerardi , Opuntia
Marina Cortuji Cordllina Latifolia -, Sertularia
lmperati , Lichen Marinas Clufij Maritimus ,

F*/ Fucus folio rot undo Bauhini Oifter-Green, or
Oifter-Weed round Leav’d * Sea-Lung-wort round
Leav’d j Sea-Garland.

T/;e Defcriptions.

III. The firfi , Our Common Oifter-Green,
or Sea-Lungwort, /x a Kind of SeaFucus, or Herhy
Subfiance , //'to Liverwort, <?r Lungwort, alto-

gether without Stalk or Stem , bearing many green
Leaves, very uneven or crumpled, and full of Wrin-
kles, font thing broad , not much differing from the

Oifler-Green, or SV# Lung-wort.

Leaves of curled Lettice. It groivs upon Rocks
within the Sea , Zw/ mw* ef pc dally among Oifters,
in great plenty among thofe called Wall-Fleet
Oifters. It is very well known even to Oifter
Women , who make ufe of the /aid Mofs for fetting
off their Oifters, 'that they may Sell the better. It
is a tender Herb, with dark green Leaves, thin and
crumpled, growing upon Rocks or Stones , and is a
kind of hood for Oifters.

IV. The fecond, or Oifter-Green, or Oifter-Weed
round Leav’d. It is a delicate Plant growing up
from fome Rocks or Slones, in or near the Sea ,
fpreading fever al flat, thick, fhort and round Leaves,
one fet on the top of another-, and fome alfo grow-
ing from the fides , forming Branches of Leaves
leaning downwards, each being as it were fining on
a. Thread, which yet is fcarce to be difeerned, like
ds a Country Garland of Field and Corn Flowers,
made for the Ornament of Country Houfes -, fo as the
whole Plant feems to be made of nothing but firung
Leaves, bearing a large yellow Flower at the top,
as Bauhinus fays. The lower Leaves are fomewhat
brown, the refi are of a whitifh green , and thofe

which are new fprung forth are green, and all of
them f month and finning, which may be kept between
Papers for a long time : yet by long keeping, they
will grow rougher , and full of Wrincklcs , but f ill
tough, and not brittle like Coralline , which bv
fieeping in Water will become foft and fmootb
again , and retain their firfi Tafie , z finch is very
Salt.

V. Gerard fays. That the Branches of this Elegant
Plant, are about a Handful l or better high , fore ad
abroad on every fide, and only confifiing of f undry
fingle roundifh Leaves , whereto are fafined fome -
times one , fome times two, or more fuch Leaves,
fo that the whole Plant confifis of Branches made up
of fmall round Leaves, fafined together by divers
little and very fmall Threads, trie lower Leaves
which flick to the Rock , are of a brovonifh color
the other of a whitifh or light green, fmootb and
fhining.

VI. The Places. They are generally found on
oar Enghfh and Scotch Rocky-Shores, chiefly where
Oifters are Bred, and indeed in other Seas when-
ever Oifters grow. But the lecond grows upon
Rocks in divers parts of the Mediterranean, upon
the Coaft of Corfica, and in many other Seas.

VII. The Times. They are in the prime of
their Beauty in the end of Summer, and all the
time Oifters are in Seafon,

VIII. The Qualities. They are cold and dry in the
firft Degree, Aperitive, Abfterfive, Anodyn, Diu-
retick, and Arthritick.

IX. The Specification. They are both good to
expell Sand, Gravel, and fmall Stones out of the
Reins, Ureters and Bladder : and the lecond is faid
to kill Worms in Children.

X. The Preparations. You may make from

thefe Plants, 1. A Decoflion. 2. A Pickle . 3. A
Pouder . 4. A Fricafie. 5. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

XL The Decotfion in Water or Wine. Being
given to 3 or 4 Ounces or more, well fweetned
with Hony 2 or 3 times a Day, it is good againft
Coughs and Wheezing, fhortnefs of Breath, and
difficulty of Breathing -, and cleanfes the Urinous
parts of any kind of Tarrarous Matter logded in
them.

XII. The Pickle. Either of them are an excel-
lent Sailer, being Pickled in a mixture made of white
Port Wine, Brandy , Vinegar and Water, in an e-
qual proportion: They ftrengthen the Stomach
much, and caule a good Digeftion.

XIII. The Pouder. That which is made of the
firft fort is much Commended by Learned Phylicians
againft Difeafes of the Lungs, efpecially againft
Inftamations and Ulcers of the lame, being taken
to about a Dram in lair Water or fome proper Ve-
hicle. Being given in Red Barcelona Wine, or
other Red Styptick Wine, it ftops the Terms, and
prevails againft the Bloody Flux, and other Fluxes
of the Bowels, as alfo it ftops Vomiting, and all
thefe things more efpecially if they proceed of
Choler. Given alfo in Par fly or Hydropiper Water ,
it cures the Strangury, provokes Urine, gives eafe
in the Stone, and expels Sand, Gravel, and fmall
Stones out of the Reins and Bladder. Outwardly
applyed, ir heals Bloody and Green Wounds, and
cures Ulcers in the Secrec parts. The Pouder made
of the fecond fort, or round Leav'd Kind. Given
from half a Dram, to a Dram, mixed with Honv,
or in any other proper liquid Vehicle, kills Worms
in Children.

XIV. The

Chap, 527, Englijh Herbs .

789

XIV. The Yricafoe. The firll Kind, or both
the forts, being Fried with Eggs, as you Fry Clary
Leaves, and fo eaten, it is faid to be a fingular
Medicine to cure the Weaknefs of the Back.

XV. The Cataplnfm. Being mJde of either of
the Green Herbs, and applyed to places a fleeted
with the Gout, it cools, eafes the Pain, flops the
afflux of Humors to the Part ; and in fome reafo-
nable time cures the Patient.

CHAP. DXXVII.

Of ONE BERRY;

O R,

HERB TRUE LOVE.

I. np H E Names. It knows no Greek Name :
Jl But the Latinos call it Herba Parity and fo
it is generally called by all Herbarifls *, and in Eng-
lijh, One Berry , Herb True Love , and Herb Paris.
Some have thought it to be a kind of Aconitum. , but
were deceived, and therefore Fuchjius called it Aconi-
tum Pardaliancbes,2.x\& Cordus leems to be of the fame
Opinion, and therefore calls it Aconitum Pardali-
anebes monococon , they accounting it to be dange-
rous and deadly : but Mattbiolus contradi&s all
this, for that it has been found by Experience, not
to be hurtful but Salutiferous, for which reafon
Taber neemont anus called it Aconitum Salutiferum ,
which yet I think to be an improper Name alfo,
for that it is no Species of the Aconites. Some
have thought it to be a kind of Af/er, or Starwort ,
and therefore Tragus called it After fed non Attic us,
but it is no Species of the Starworts : he alfo called
it Uva Lupin a , and Uva Canina. Others have
thought it to be a Kind of Solanum or Night-Jhade ,
but it is no more a Species of that Plant than it is
of the two former ^ but upon thisfuppolitionP^
and Lobe/, in their Adverfaria call it Solanum Te-
traphyllon ( from the form of the Leaves and Ber-
ry : ) and Baubinus , as leaning to the fame Opini-
on , So/anum quadrifolium Bacciferum both of
which fo call it very improperly : and I think the
firft Name Herba Paris , is the fitted we can bellow
upon it.

II. Tf?e Kinds. There are three Species of this
Plant very well known , viz. 1 . Herba Paris vul-
garis 3 Herba Paris Tetrapbyllos •, Our Common
Herb True Love or One Berry. 1. Herba Paris
Floridenfit , Herba Paris Floridiana , vel Brafiliana,
Herba Paris Triphyllos Brafiliana , Solanum Try-
pbyllium Brafilianum Baubini , Herb True Love, or
One Berry of Florida, or of Brajil. 3. Herba Paris
Canadenjis radice rotunda , Herba Paris Floridenfis
radice tuberofa : folanum Tripbylium Canadcnfe
Cortufi j Herb True Love of Canada.

The Defcriptions.

III. The fir]}, or Our Common Herb True Love,
or One Berry. Has a Root which is long and tender,
final/ and creeping under the Earth, difperfing it
felf hither and thither ■, its Tafte is Styptick or
AJir ingem, and very unp leaf ant, and by its Branch-

es and Fibres fpreads it felf under the upper Cruji
of the Ground, fomething like a Couch-Grafs Root ,
but not fo white, and not much leffer than the Root
of the White Wild Anemony, or Wind-Flower,
and altnoft of ns dark a color, being much like there-
to in its creeping. This Root Jhoots forth Staks with

One Berry : or, Herb True Love.

Leaves , fome of which bear no Berries , and fome
do, every Stalk being fmooth , without Joints, and
af a blackijh green color, fifing to about fox Inches
high, if it bears its Berry ; but foliom fo high , if
it bears none. This Stalk bears at the Top four
Leaves, fot direttly one again]} another, in manner
of a Croft , or a Crofs-Knot , commonly called a True
Loves Knot: which are each of them a-part, fome-
thing like to a Night-fhade Leave, but a little
broader ; and in fome places, twice as broad at in
others , for they oftentimes vary much, and tho ’ the
flint ci number of the Leaves is generally four:
yet fometimes there are but three , and fometimes
five , and fometimes fix, which are fometimes [mailer
and fometimes larger , and that by a quarter or haljf
part , and fometimes they are (as is before /aid)
twice as large. This Plant has been foen fometime
to alter or degenerate , and that the four Leaves
have not only been twice as large , as the ordinary ,
but they have alfo been dented in, both on the edges',
and at the points, whichhave been parted, or forked,
and have born larger Berries , than commonly this
Plant is ujed to bear : all which are of a frefh green
color , not dented about the edges. In the middle of
tbefo four Leaves, there rifos up a fmall Jlender
Stalk , about an Inch high, bearing at the top there-
of, one Llower, fpread open like a Star confifi-
ing of four Jmall and narrow long pointed Leaves,
of a yellow fo green color and four other lying be-
tween them, leffer than they. In the middle where-

79° Salmons Herbal Lib. L

grows a round dork purplifh Button or Head , e.i-
com puffed with eight jmall yellow mealy Chives, or
Tbrcds , which three colors make it the more Confpi-
cuoits and Beautiful to behold. This Button , or
Head , or rather berry in the middle , when the
other Leaves are withered , becomes a blackijh pur-
ple Berry full of juice , of no hot nor evil flavor ,
//or yet of any fweetifh or fu/fome Tafle , of the
bigncfs of a reafonable Grape , having within it ,
tfM/zy white Seeds. The whole Plant is almofl in-
flpid , without any manifcfl Tafle , and by its effects,
in repr effing hot Infla mat ions and Humors , it is
accounted as cold as Nightlhade, tho* no Species
of that Plant .

IV. The fecond , or Herb True Love, or One
Berry of Florida , or of Urdjil The Root hereof
is fmall and creeping like the former under the up-
per Cruft of the Earth ■, from which Springs forth
a Stalk of four or five Inches high , having three
fuch like Leaves as the other , but broader and long-
er growing thereon. The Stalk rifles up about 3
Inches above them , bearing at the top , 3 /awe/; /wr-
rower Leaves , which are as it were the Husk of the
flower ftanding in the middle , confifling of three
white Leaves , having fome Veins in them , and are
about three Inches long , orJ one broad.

V. T/j<? third, or Herb True Love of Canada.
The Root of this Plant creeps not as the former do,
but grows into a fmall round Tuberous Subfiance
having fever al fmall Fibres ijfuing out from its
fides almofl round about. From this Tuberofe Root
fprings up one Stalk, with three large Leaves like
to the lad , from the middle of which , the Stalk
rifes up, yet fome few Inches farther, at the top of
which is one Flower, confifling of fix Leaves, three
whereof are green and fmall, which are as it were 1
the Husk to the other three Leaves, growing in the
middle, which are larger and longer, of a dark pur-
ple color , and in fome white : in the middle where-
of grows a fmall round blackijh Berry, full of fmall
Seed, like Nightfhade Seed.

VI. The Places. The firft grows in our Woods
and Copfe, as alfo fomettmes in the corners and bor-
ders of Fields, and watte Grounds, in many places
throughout England. Gerard fays, it grows plen-
tifully in Chalkney Wood, near to Wakes Colne,
feven Miles from Cclchefter in EJfex: in the
Wood by Robin Head's Well, near to Nottingham:
in the Parlonage Orchard , at Rodwinter in EJfex,
near to Saffron Walden : in Blackborn at a place
called Merton in Lancafhire : in the Moore by Can-
terbury called the Clapper : in Dingly Wood, fix
Mi/es from Prefion in Alder nefs : in Booking Park
by Braintree in EJfex: at Hejfet in Lincolnfhire :
and in Catting Wood, in the North of England. It
it has alfo been found growing (as Parkinfon fays)
in Hinbury Wood, three miles from Maidftone in
Kent : in a Wood by Chiffelhurft in Kent, called
Longwood : in the next Wood thereto, called
lfcets-Wood , efpecially about the skirts of a Hop
Garden bordering thereon : in the Wood called
Harwarfh, near to Pinnendon Heath, about a mile
diftant from Maidftone : and in a Wood alfo over-
gainft Boxly Abby , a mile from Maidftone afore-
named, where it grows in great abundance, not far
from the Hedge fide of that Medow, thro’ which
a fmall River or Rivulet runs. The fecond Bauhi-
71 us fays was found growing in the Woods in Bra-
file: but both the fecond and the third have been
found growing in Canada, as Cortufus and others
affirm, and I my felf have alfo found them grow-
ing, in the Southern Provinces of Florida , as in
the South Carolina, in fome of the Woods adjacent
to Wadmala and St 0 now Rivers, Cfc.

VII. The Times. They fpring up about the lat-

ter end of March , Flower in April and May, and
the Berry is ripe not long after, viz. in the end of
May, or before the middle of June.

VIII. The Qualities. One Berry is cold and dry
in the firft Degfce, Anodyn, Vulnerary, and Alexi-
pharmick, or Refitting Poii'on.

IX. The Specification. It caufes Reft and Sleep,
gives eafe in the Colick, expels Poifon, and cures
the Plague or Peftilence.

X. The Preparations. You may have herefrom,
1. An Effence. 2. A Pouder of the Leaves. 3,
A Pouder of the Roots. 4. A Pouder of the Ber-
ries* 5. An Infuflon or Dccottion of them in Wine ,
6- M Ointment or Balfam of the Leaves and
whole Plant. 7. A Cataplafm of the Leaves. 8. A
Lift Hied Water of the Leaves and Roots. 9. A
Spirituous Tintfure of Leaves , Roots , and Ber-
nes* 10. An Acid Tintlure-ff ihe fame.

The Virtues,

XI. The Effence of Herb, Root, or Berry. It is
Anodyn, gives eafe in the pains of the Colick, ex-
pels Poifon, and powerfully refifts the Plague or
Peftilence, and all forts of Peftilential and Malign
Fevers. Particularly it is faid to be an Antidote
again!! the Poifon of the Aconites and all other like
forts of Poifons. It is profitable for fuch as have
lain long in a lingering Sicknefs, and for fuch who
have been thought to have lain under the Power
of Witchcraft, fo as to become half Foolifh or
wanting their Senfes. Dofe 1 Spoonful in Wine,
or other fit Vehicle, Morning fatting, and at Night
going to Bed, for a Month together.

XIX. The Pouder of the Leaves. It has all the
former Virtues, but not fo effectual as the Pouder
of the Berries or Seed, and may be given to a
Dram Morning and Night, in a Spoonful of Syrup
of Citron Peels, or other like Vehicle.

XIII. The Pouder of the Berries or Seed. It is
a Potent tty'ng and performs all that the Effence
does. Given to a Dram at a time Morning and
Night in a Glafs of Tent, or old Malaga Wine,
every Day for 20 Days or more together, it reftores
fuch to their Healths, who have lain under long,
languifhing Sickneffes, and reftore them to their
priitine health. Both this Pouder, and the Pouder
of the Leaves are good for the Cure of Green
Wounds, and to cleanfe and heal old running Sores
and Filthy Ulcers.

XIV. The Pouder of the Roots. Being given
from half a Dram to a Dram in a Glals of Wine
it gives immediate eafe in the moft extream.
Colick , and other vehement pains of the
Vifcera.

XV. The Infufion or Decotfion of the Leaves,
Roots, and Bernes in Wine. They have all the Vir-
tues of the Effence and Ponders, refill all forts of
hot Poifons and malign Difeafes. Being given at
Bed-time, they procure Reft and Sleep : Outward-
ly ufed as a Lotion , (with a third part of the
Effence being added) they are very effectual for
the cure of fimple Green Wounds: They alfo
cleanfe, dry, and heal old filthy running Sores and
putrid Ulcers : and are very powerful to dif-
cufs all Tumors and Swellings, and fpeedily to
allay all Infiamations, and to abate thofe Tumors
which happen in the Groin, Tefticles and Privy
parts.

XVI. The Ointment or Balfam of the Leaves
and whole Plant. They are exceeding good Vul-
neraries, Abfterfive. Deficcative and Healing: abate

Infla.

Chap. 528* Englijb Herbs , fqi

Inflamations in Wounds, reprefs the flux of Hu-
mors, and eafe their pain and anguilh : and are
excellent good againl! felons, Whitlows, and the.
like happening to the Fingers ends and Nails of
thole parts. They Suppurate or Ripen Apoliems
and make them break, or fit to be opened in a lit-
tle time.

XVII. The Calaplafm of the green Leaves. It
is effetlual to cure fimple Contufions, and to heal
Green Wounds, cleanfe and dry old running Sores,
and putrid Ulcers, abate Inflamations, difcufsTu-
mors, and to eafe the Gout, and any other kind
of pain in any part of the Body, being duly ap-
plyed : It alio is good again!! an Ophthalmy,
ati’d heals all Inflamations and Sorenels of the
Eyes, eating their Pain almoli upon the fpot.

XVIII. The Diftil/ed Water. Being put into
the Eyes it cools Inflamations therein, eafes their
Pains, and takes away their Sorenefs and rednefs,
more'efpecially if alfo Cloaths two or three times
double, be dipt therein and applyed. But the
Juice or EJfence of the Herb , performs this yet
more effectually.

XIX. The Spirituous Tindureof Leaves , Roots
and Berries. Being taken from one Dram to two
Drams in any proper V chicle , it alleviates the
pains of the Colic!;, gives eafe in the griping of
the Guts, comforts the Stomach, and obtunds
Iharp Humors, caufing Heavinels and Melan-
choly.

XX. The Acid Tintlure. It may be given to a
pleafing Acidity 3, 4, 5, or 6 times a Day in
Water Gruel , or in the white DecoSion , or other
like Vehicle again!! the Purples, Spotted Fever,
all forts of Malign and Peftilential Fevers, and the
Plague it felt : it deltroys the malignity and Poi-
fon of theDifeafe, and in a lhorc time fecures the
Life of the Patient againlt all dangers accrewing
from the fame.

CHAP. DXXVIII.

Of ONE BLADE.

O R,

M O N O P H Y L.

I. HP H E Names. It fcarcely appears that
JL this Plant was known to the Ancient
Greeks. But it may be called in Greek
Monophylon , after the Latin Name Unifolium ;
from whence it is called in Eng/ijh, One Blade.

II. T he Kinds. This is P/anta fmgularis fui
generis , unlefs you would have OphioglojJum or Ad-
ders Tongue , to be a Species of it, which no Au-
thor that* I know of has ever yet admitted. Dale-
cbampius upon Diofcorides , fuppofes it may be the
Cyclaminus Plinij. in lib. 25. chap. 19. but doubt-
lefs this is a miftake. Tragus calls this Plant (be-
fides \Jni folium ) Cotyledon Sy be ft re : but mol! of
our latter Writers call it Monophyllon , or Unifo/i-
um ; but Bauhinus referring it to the Lilium Con-
y allium , calls it, Lilium Convallittm minus , or
lelier Lilly of Vally-, I will not difpute the point
with him, but rather give him his way.

IT he Defcriplions.

III. This J mall Plant , has a very J. 'mall Root of
the bigriefs of a Rufh , lying and creeping under
the upper Cruft of the Earth , having feveral hibrrs
or fmall Threads adjoining to it , which Jhoot forth
out of the Earth again in feveral places. Prom this

One-Blade.

Root firings forth one Stalky which never bears
more than one Leaf , but only when it rifes up with
its Stalky above that Leaf in order to the bearing
a Head of Blowers , and then it bears another Leaf
feldom any more , which are of a blewifh green color
and therein very like unto the Lef of the Lilly
Convally, but Jbmthing broader at the bottom , ha-
ving many Ribs or Veins in />, and pointed at the
end , not much unlike to a Plantain Leaf. At the
top of the Staff grow many fmall white Flowers^
Star fafhion , f melling fame what fweet • after
which come fmall reddifh Berries when they are
ripe.

IV. Gerard deferibes it after this manner. Its Root
is fmall , tender , and creeping far abroad under the
upper face of the Earth. Its Leaf is not much unlike
the great ejt Leaf of Ivy, with many Nerves or
Ribs , like thofe of the Plantain Leaf which fingle
Leaf does always fpring forth of the Earth alone, but
when the Stalk rifes up , it brings upon its fides
two Leaves , the latter ut fafhion like the former.
At the top of which /lender Stalky come forth fine
fmall Flowers like P/rola, which being faded avoay^
fmall red Berries fucceed.

V. The P laces. It grows in moift, (hadowy
and Grallie places of Woods and Groves or Copfes,
in many parts of England. Gerard fays it grows
in Uincafhire in Dinglywood , fix miles from Prefion
in Aldernefs-j and in Harwood near t'o Blackburn
likewife.

VI. The Times. It Flowers about May, and the
Berries are ripe in June , and then it quickly
perifhes untill the next Year, it fptinging afrefti,
Irom the fame Root again.

\

VII. Vie

79- Salmon’ s Herbal Lib. I.

VII. The Vitalities. It is hor and dry in the
firft Degree, Ablterfive, Vulnerary, Sudorih’ck, and
Alexipharmick.

VIII. The Specification. It is a peculiar thing
for refilling Poilon , profiigating the Plague or
Peftilence, and all manner of Malign and Peitilen-
tial Fevers, and for the curing of fimple Green
Wounds, old running Sores and Malign putrid
Ulcers.

IX. The Preparations. You may have here-
from, i. A Liquid Juice , or an E (fence. 2. A
Ponder of the Root. 3. A half am from the whole
Plant. 4. An Acid TinUiirecf the Root, and whole
Plant.

The Virtues.

X. The Liquid Juice or E fence of the Root
and whole Plant. It is a potent thing to expel all
forts of Vegetable Poifons taken into rhe Stomach,
and to defend the Heart from their Malignity : it
is alfo a cure for all forts of Malign and Peltilen-
tial Fevers, being given a Spoonful at a time in
Canary , made pretty lliarp with Juice of Unions ,
and repeated as need requires: and fo uled it cures
alfo the Plague it felfi

XI. The Pouderof the Root. Being given from
half a Dram to a Dram at a time, in a mixture of
Wine and Vinegar, of each equal parts, and the
Patient (being in Bed) laid prefently to Sweat
thereupon, it is faid to be a Soveraign Remedy for
thofe that are infe&ed with the Plague, and 'have
a Sore upon them, by defending rhe Heart and
Vital Powers from the danger of the Malignity
and Infection, and expelling the Poifon of the
Difeafe: it has alfo all the Virtues of the Juice
or Ejfence.

XII. The Balfam from the whole Plant. It is a
lingular good Vulnerary, admirable for the curing
of VVounds whether recent, or old* as alfo for the
curing of malign, putrid and Inveterate running
Sores and Ulcers , more efpecially thofe of the
Nerves and Tendons.

XIII. The Acid Tintfure of the Root and whole

Plant. It may be given to a grateful acidity in any
proper Vehicle 3, 4, ?, or 6, times a Day againit
the Purples, Spotted Fever, Calenture and Plague
it lelf, as alfo in all other Malign Fevers, it refills
the Poifon and Malignity, and performs the Cure
to a Wonder. ,

CHAP. DXXIX.

Of ONIONS.

I- r S ' OF- names. This Plant is called in Ara-
.1 tick, Bafil, and Bafjal: in Greek , K A/^vov :
in Latine, Cxpa, Cape, & Cepe : and in Eng/ijh
Omon , which feems to be derived from the La-
une word Urn, becaufe the Root is fingle or bur

11. The Kinds. Onions are either Red or
Hi bite: and of both thefe Kinds, i. The JEt
Red Onion. 2. I be long Red Onion. :. The
round. Red Onion , 01 Sweet Spanijb Onion. 4.
Ibc_fl.it White Onion. ?. Tile long White Onion.

6. The round white Omon-, all which White Oniot.s
are almolt like to. Chalk-Jiones , lying upon the
Ground when they are ripe and fit to be gathered.

7. AJcalomca , or Afcalonitis , The Scallion, which
is thought to be the Gcthyum , or Gethylhs of Thc-
ophraftus j thele Afcalomtidcs , are laid to be our
Set Onions, the letter fort of which are called Chibols:
alithc other Kinds are produced from Seed. The
Elat Red Onion is thellrongeft of all, fome of them
are Red throughout, very large and pleafant to tar.
The Long Red Onion is the Sr. Omers Onion , cont-
monly called St. Thomas Onion. The Round Red
Onion , called the Strasburgh Onion , is red only on
the out fide, and is very lharp and ilrong. All
tele Variety of On:, ms, have Jjone and the
fame manner of gtowing above Ground, and
the fime Form, and therefore One Defcrip-
tion may ferve for them all, which take as
follows.

1 be Defcription.

TH. Onions have a Root which is [in fome very
great, in fome very fmall, and are' either, fat
round, or long, bulbous , or made of many Coats, .
Peels or Coverings growing one upon another, of
which the out ermoft is thinnef, and thofe more in-
ward , gtowing thicker and thicker , according

Onion Red Great and Round.

Chap. 529. “Englijb Herbs.

79t

to their remotenejs jrom the Jirfl outward Coat : at
the lower part or bottom of which Bulb , is a Beard
of Fibres or Strings like a Taffel. Some are red on
the out fide only , others are red quite thrtf out:
fome are white , and thefe are either fmall or great ,
flat , long , or round. Some are very /harp and
Jlrong , others milder and more pleafant : and fome
of thofe growing in Spain, are fo pleafafit that they
may be eaten as an Apple. All thefe Kinds of
Onions, contrary to the Nature of all ether Bulbous
Roots, have no ojf-fets , or other Roots growing to
them , but are every one alone Jingle by t he mf elves-,
and therefore it / cents the La tines, as Columella,
did give to the Riant the Name of Unio, from
whence as I conceive came our Englifh Name Onion :
This Root if it remains on the Ground after Seed

Onion White flat or round.

time , dies , rots , and penfhes every Tear. From
this Root fpring up feveral green , long , hollow
Leaves , feeming half flat : among which r ifles up a
great , round , hollow Stalk , thicker and bigger
m the middle than any where elfe : at top whereof
ftands a clofe round Head , covered at the Jirfl
with a thin skin which breaks of its own accord ,
as the Head grows larger and larger , and J hews
forth it felf as a Very large Globular Vmble of
white Flowers , which being pafl away turn into
black Seed. This Head is many times fo heavy ,
that the Stalk cannot bear it, but mufl be up held by
fame convenient prop from falling to the Ground,
that it may not rot or perijh.

IV. Some will have it that there is no Wild
Onion. Others that there is, which they make
to be an Onion which is long, and has a very long
Keck and this they will have to be the Cepce

Scallion not Headed.

Scallion Headed.

Afcalonitides, which is alfo called by ' fome Gethyl-
l’.des, and this is that of which they J'ay Theo*
phraltus makes mention under the Title of Gethy-
um, as is aforementioned .

5 I

V. The

794

Salmon V Herbal. Lib. 1

V. The Places. All forts of Onions are Sown,
Planted, andNurft up in Gardens not only in Eng-
land, but in almoft all Countries throughout the

-Worlds and they grow and profper belt in a Fat
and Rich Soil, which has been well Dunged and
Digg’d, or turn’d up and made mellow and loofe.
The Scallion takes its Name from Afcalon a City
in Palefiine , where they grew plentifully, and from
whence they are faid to be brought into all parts of
Europe , and from thence Transplanted into Ame-
rica, where all the other Kinds of Onions grow
alfo very plentifully, and come to great per-
fection.

VI. The Times. Thofe which are Sown for
Store fhould be Sown in February , or before the
latter end of March at fartheft, and. in the increafe
of the Moon and are to be gathered when the
Blades begin to flag towards the Root. Thofe
that are for Seed, are to be Set at the fame
time, when the former are Sown : This Seed tho5
it is perfected in England , and will grow again
with us, and produce good Onions , yet it is apt
to degenerate, for which reafon we commonly
make ufe of Seed brought to us from beyond
Sea.

VII. The Qualities. Onions are hot and dry in
the fourth Degree, yet not thought to be full out
fo hot as Garlick . They are Attenuating, Aperi-
tive, Ablterfive, vehemently Attractive, Digeftive,
Difcuflive, Diuretick, Incifive, Emollient and Sup-
purative: Stomatick, PeCtoral, Nephritick, Hy-
lterick, Arthritick, Ptarmick, Emmenagogick, A-
lexipharmick and Spermatogenetick.

VIII. The Specification. They ftrengthen the
Stomach, create Appetite, caufe good Digeftion,
give eafe in the Strangury, provoke Urine and
Womens Courfes, and prevail againft Sand, Gravel
Stones, or any Tartarous Matter in the Reins,
Ureters or Bladder: Cure the Bitings of Mad-
Dogs, Serpents, or other Venomous Creatures, as
alfo Coughs, Colds, Hoarfenefs, Wheezing, Afth-
ma, and fhortnefs of Breath. They ripen Apoltems,
give eafe in the Gout, prevail againft the Lethargy,
Carus and all cold and moift Difeafes of the Head,
being ufed as an Errhine , and take out the Fire in
Scaldings, or Burnings by Water, Oil, Fire, or
Gun-Pouder, Efc.

IX. The Preparations, i. Raw Onions eaten as
a Sallet. 2. A Liquid Juice. 3. An Infufion in
Water. 4. An Infufion in Wine. 5. A Dccottion.
6. An Errhine. 7. A Lohoch. 8. An Elettuary.
9. A Lotion. 10. Ruafied or Baked Onions, ti.
A Pouder of the Seed. 1 2. A Cataplafm of Raw
Onions. 13. A Cataplafm of Rgaficd or Baked
Onions. 14. A Tiff Hied Water from Onions. 15.
A Spirit from Onions.

The Virtues .

X. Raze Onions eaten as a Sallet. They are of
Heating, Volatile and Subtil parts, ftrengthen the
Stomach, caufe Appetite, and a good Digefti-
on , eafe pains in the Stomach and Bowels, en-
creafe Seed, provoke Lull, gives eafe in the Stran-
gury, and force away the Urine } and are good
againft Sand, Gravel, Stones, or any Tartarous
Matter lodged in the Reins, Ureters and Bladder.
They make thin , and fcatter grofs and clammy
Humors, open ObttruCf ions of the Vifcera, and make
the Body foluble.

XI. The Liquid Juice. The Juice mixt with
the Pap of an Apple , and applyed, provokes the

Hemorrhoids. The Juice dropt into the Eyes,
takes away the Dimnefs of Sight •, and if ufed at
the beginning, takes away Mills, Clouds, Spots,
Haws, Efc. in them. Dropt into the Ears, it is
good againft Deafnefs, Noife and Ringing in them,
and clcanfesthem from filthinefs and corrupt Mat-
ter. A Pejfary imbibed in the juice, and put up
into the Womb, it provokes the Terms, and brings
away the After-Birth. The Head and other parts of
the Body troubled with Scabs, Itch, Scalds, Scurff,
Morphew, Leprofie, Etc. being often walhed or
bathed therewith, it cures them. It flops the fall-
ing of the Hair, and cures Baldnefs, Efc. being
often applyed. The Juice mixed with Juice of
Penny-Royal , and applyed to the Gout, gives eafe
in the pain, Cloth dipt therein, being alfo put
upon the fame. Beaten up with Oil , and applyed,
it is good againft Burnings with Fire or Gun-
Pouder, and heals Wounds made by Gun-
Shot.

XII. The Infufion in Water. The Onions bc'nig
thin fliced and ftceped in Water all Wig/;/, and the In-
fufion given to Children which are troubled with
Worms, it kills them.

XIII. The Infufion in Wine. It may be made in
White Port Wine , or White Lisbon. It provokes
Urine powerfully, gives prefent eafe in the Stran-
gury, and forces away Sand, Gravel, Stones and
Tartarous Matter from the Urinary parts: I gave
this Infufion to a miferable Patient, who had not
made Water in eight Days, and in an Hours
time after it, they pift above a Gallon, and were
cured of their Strangury.

XIV. The Decottion. If it is made firong of the
Onions , and in Veal Broth: it eafes pains and
gripings in the Stomach and other Bowels,
Strengthens the Stomach, caufes a good Appetite,
and makes the Belly Soluble.

XV. The Errhine. It is made of the Juice
mixed with Pouder of Scammny ^ a Tram of the
Sc ammo ny to an Ounce of the Juice. Snu ft up
the Noftrils it cures the Lethargy , Cams
dulnefs and heavinefs of Head and Brain3
Megrim, and other cruel and inveterate Head-
achs, and prevails againft an Apoplexy, becaufe
it draws away the Morbifick Matter through the
Os Ethmoides , by the Noftrils.

XVI. The Lohoch. It is made of the Juice
mixed with Honey and Oil. It cuts tough Flegm
and loofens-, it is good againft Coughs, Cold:-,
Wheezing, Hoarfenefs, Shortnefs of Breath, Afthma\
Efc. and being often taken, it caufes eafie Ex-
pectoration.

XVII. The Elettuary. 'fyke Pulp of 'Baked
Onions ( Baked in their Skins ) a Pound , Honey 5
quarters of a Pound \ Pouder of Elecampane , and
of Onion Seed , of each 3 Ounces Rue cut /mail
and bruifed , or Pouder of Rue 1 Ounces ; mix and
make an Elettuary. It has all the Virtues of the
Lohoch , and much more Powerful to all the Inten-
tions: befides which, it expels Poifon inwardly
taken, and outwardly applyed, it is good againft
the Bitings of Mad Dogs, Serpents, and other
Venemous Creatures. Dole as much as a Cbefl -
Nut Morning and Night.

XVIII. The Lotion. Take Juice of Onions 2
parts $ Wine Vinegar 1 party mix them. It takes
away Spots, Marks, Scurff, Morphew, Leprofie,
and other blemifhes of the Skin, being often bathed
therewith. Applied in the Gout, with Cloths dipt
in the fame, it gives prefent eafe.

XIX. Roafied or Baked Onions. They ought to
be Baked dry in their Skins, once or twice, or
oftner, till they are perfectly foft. Their Pulp
being then taken from the Skins, anddreft up with

ehoifs

Chap, 530, UngUJb Herbs i

ehoife Batter, Sugar, and a little Salt, and fo eaten
with Bread, Morning Falling, and at Night going
to Bed, fo much at a time, as to make a Meal
thereof, for 2 , 3 , or 4 Days running, it never
fails of curing the moll exrream Cold, eal'es the
Cough, caufes eafy expectoration , rakes away
Althma’s, Hoarfnefs, Wheezings, and Ihortnefs of
Breath, and reftores the Voice to fuch who had al-
molt loll it, or could fcarcely fpeak fo as to be un-
derllood.

XX. T be Yonder of the Seed. It ftrongly pro-
vokes Urine, gives eafe in the Strangury, cleanfes
the Reins, Ur.eters and Bladder, of Sand, Gravel,
or Tartarpus Matter; provokes the Terms in Wo-
men, facilitates the Birth , and brings away the
After-Birth. And being conftantly taken for fome
time, it very much increafes Seed, provokes Lull,
and heightens the pleafure of Coition, Dofe from
half a Dram to a Dram, at Bed time in a Glals of
Wine, or other fit Vehicle.

XXI. The Cataplafm of row Onions. It it made
by beating the Onions with Green Rue, and a Inti
Salt, and brought to a amfiftency with Orobus
Meal , or loader of Elecampane Roots. Apply-.,
upon the Bitings of a Mad Dog, Viper, Rattle-
snake, or other Serpent, or Hinging of any Ve
nomous Creature, whileft the Wound is recent, i.
powerfully draws forth the Venom orPoifon, and
l'ecures the Life of the Patient from danger. I
gives alfo prefent eafe in the moll extream pains of
the Gout, draws it out of the Stomach, it it is down
upwards, and in a Ihort timeafter cures the Difeafe.

XXII. T he Cataplafm of Roajled or Baked Oni-
ons. It is thus made. Take of the Pulp ; parts ;
Rue 3 parts ; Pulp of Figs and Mithridate 2
parts ; Salt I part ; beat all well together for a
Cataplafm. Applyed very hot, and repeated every
fix Hours, as tong as need requires, it will ripen
and break any Apoftem, and fuppurate Peftilential
Bubo’s, and other Tumors of the like nature ; it
is alfo good for the Biting of a Mad-Dog, being
prefently laid thereto; it is profitable againft Kibes
and other putrid Sores of the Legs and Feet,
which are hard to heal: and being applyed to the
Piles or Hemorrhoids, it eafes the Pain, difeufles
the Tumor, if not broken, and cleanfes and heals
them if Ulcerated. Take a great Onion , make it
hollow in the middle , and fill it with Mithridate or
'Treacle of Andromachus ; clofe up the hole , and
Roajl it throughly in the Embers : then taking away
the outwardmofi Skins , let them be beaten together
to a Cataplafm. This Applyed to any Plague Sores,
or putrid Apoftems, it brings them to fuppuration,
draws forth the Poifon or Malignity, cleanfes them,
and induces their healing.

XXIII. The Difti/led Water of Onions. It is
one of the nobleft Nephtiticks and Diureticks in the
World, fuperior to Par fly Water , Hidropiper Wa-
ter, or any other Vegetable Water of that kind;
nor does it feem interior to the DecoClion of Hops,
or Infitfion of Lignum Nephriticum. It provokes
Urine powerfully, gives eafe in the Strangury, and
cleanfes the Reins and Bladder of Sand , Gravel
and Tartarous Mucilage. Dofe from 4 to 8 Ounces,
either alone, or mixt with a little white Fort
Wine. If it is given with the Ponder of the Seed,
it will be yet much mote efteUual.

XXIV. The Spirit. It is exceeding Volatile,
fharp and piercing, and a noble Antifcorbutick,
Nephritick, and Arthritick, in a cold habit of
Body: if ought not to be given to hot Conftituti-
ons, for in thofe, it may put all into a Flame,
and kindle fuch a Fire, as may not eafily be ex-
tinguilhed. It is a good Stomatick, creates an Ap-
petite, and caufes a good Digelfion ; expels Wind

out of the Stomach and Bowels, and gives eafe in
the Colick : and is a very profitable thing for fuch
as are inclinable to a Dropfie, or are newly cured
of one, becaufe it warms and comforts the Blood,
and ftrengthens its Tone or Crafis. Dofe from
t Drain to 2, in any proper Vehicle.

XXV. A eta. Authors fay, that if an Onion be
fliced, and dipped in the Juice of Sorrel , and
given to be eaten by one that is fick of a Tertian
Ague, that it will take away the F'it, at once or
twice fo taking it.

ONION-SEA, fee Squil, Chap.

Garden and Wild, fee Aracli, Chap. 2;, 26,
OPF.N-ARSE, fee Medlar, Lib. II.

ORCHANET, yccAlkanet, Chap. 8.

ORCHIS, fee Cullions, Chap. 1 84.

Dogs-Stones, Chap. 22 6.
Fennv-Stones, Clap. 251.
Fly-Stones, Chap. 530.
Fools-Stones, Chap. 297,
Fox-Stones, Chap. 298.
Goats-Stones, Chap. 4 2 r.

Handed Orchis, Chap. 531.

CHAP. DXXX.

Of ORCHIS FLIES;
0 R,

F L I^E - FLOWER;

0 s,

FLIES - STONES.

I. T-' H E Names. It is called in Greek,
X vO r/Jf : in Latine, Orchis Mufca*

ria , 'Tejiiculus Mujfcarius : in Enghjh , Flies-Orchis~
or F lies-Stones.

II. The Kinds. Thefe are Species of Fox-
Stones , in Chap. 298. aforegoing, of which we
gave you nine feveral Kinds : The reft which are
wanting there, we (hall fupply you withall here
in this Chapter , which are the following nine
Varieties. 1, Orchis Serapias bifolia , vel trifolia
minor Clufii & Thalij , The leffer Twa Blade, of
three Leav’d white Buttet-Fly Orchis. 2. Orchis
Sphegodes altera, vel fecunda Lobelij , The Wafp
Orchis. 3. Orchis minor culicem exprime ns-, Cu/i-
ces minores TnphylU Lobelij-, The leffer Gnat
Flower. 4. Orchis Sphegodes, five Teliicu/us Vul-
pinus primus Lobelij , The greater Gnat Flower, j.
Orchis Melitticu , five apifera Lobelij ; The Honey
Bee Flower. 6. Orchis Myodes minor , vel Myodes
prime Lobelij, The leffer Fly Flower. 7. Orchis
Myodes minima. Orchis Serapias lertius Dodomei,
The leaft Fly-Flower. 8. Orchis Myodes luteaNar-
bonenfis Lobelij , The great Fly Flo , el of Narbone,
9. Orchis Myodes anguftifolia Bauhim, iP minor Ta-
bern.montani , The narrow leav’d FI j Flower.

5 I a

Tit

196

Salmon' s Herbal. . Lib. L

The DefcriptiotiSo

ill. The fir ft , or lefler Twa-Blade or Three
Leav’d white Butter Fly Orchis. From two long
T efiicles or Stones , with a long Tail at the bottom
of its Root , /firing up two or three large Leaves lefs
than thofe of the Hungarian or greateft Twa-Blade
Fox Stones in Chap. 298. Seft. 4. The Stalk is

More than half a Foot high , with 2 or 3 J mall , /<?/?£.
narrow Leaves thereon , and <z fmallTuftor Svike 0)
white Flowers at the top thereof thinly fet thereon ,

fomewhat refembling white Butter-Flies , with their
Wings fpread , flower having a crooked Tail
behind it , /«// or Honey Liquor.

IV. Tibc fecond , Wafp Orchis. R00/J

or pretty large and more roundly Tube-

rous. The Leaves are a little narrower than the
former. The Flowers fund in the fame manner
and almofi of the fame fajhion , but fomething
greater , 0/ d brown yellow color , Wings

being a little inclinable to purple. This Gerard
makes the Bumble Bee Orchis.

V. The third , or Lefler Gnat Flower. It has
two longijh Tefiicles of a mean magnitude , having
three Leaves ufually Handing below the Stalky with
fome few Jhort ones up higher. The Flowers are but

• all , but much refembling a fmall Gnat or Fly, 0;
a yellowifh brown color , whofe lower part is [mallei
then the Greater Gnat Flower following

V] The fourth- gr Greater Gnat Mower. The
.culou . Root of Stones are a little forger than in
the laft , and pointed at the Bottom. The Stalk hereof
is greater and higher the Leaves aifoare larger and
longer than in the two lafi , but much [mailer upon
the Stalk. The Flowers are fewer at top , but larger
by much : and their color differs not much , but is
rather f 'adder .

VII. The fifths or Honey-Bee Flower. Its
Tefiiculous Root confifis of two fmall round Tubers.
Tfte Stalk is feldom a Span high. The Leaves
thereon are few, narrow and fmall , but pretty long.

turning fometimes inward , fome growing upon the
Stalk. At top [lands ufually two or three Flowers ,
feldom more , each whereof is in Jhapc much like

to the Honey or Hive Bee-, that many who have not
feen it before , would verily believe , that it were either
a living or the Carkafe of a dead Bee -, but that the up-
per Leaves, which are like Wings , are of a pale blewifh
purple color and the Head yet paler -, the Body be-
ing full and round and of a dark brown color , with
fome Spots of yellow thereon.

VIII. The fixth , or the Lefler Fly -Flower, or
Flefh Fly-Flower. Its Tefiiculous Root is a round
Tuber and fometimes longijh , with Fibres f print-
ing from its top. It has lefjer Leaves and more rib-
bed than the Greater Flefh Fly-Flower, in Chap.
298. Se£t. 6. The Stalk rife s not fully fo high
the Flowers in form , are Tike to thofe , but lefjer ,
and of a little darker color , both at the bottom and
about the middle part but paler between the Wings,
being of a pale color , enclining to blew.

IX. The feventh, or Leaft Fly Orchis, or Fly-
Flower. Its Tefiiculous Root confifis of two round
Tubers and fmall. It has three narrow Leaves
and Ribbed, growing clofer to the Stalk than in the
lafi. Its Stalk is /matter and lower than it, ha-
ving two or three fmall flowers at top like the
other, but J mailer , and of a brownijh purple color ,
fomewhat /potted.

X. The eighth , or Great Fly-Flower of Nar-
bone. Its Tefiiculous Root confifis of two fmall,
round Tubers, or a little longijh towards the upper

parts- it has three or four Leaves, which are larger
than the lift and full of Ribs. T he Stalk is higher.
And the Flowers much larger or greater , and
oj a yellow color, like fome Flys with us.

XI. The ninth , or Narrow Leav’d Fly-Flower
Its Root conjifts of trn fmall, round, longijh, tube-
rous i eflicles , a little pointed at the bottom with
many fmall Fibres at the tops. It has feveral Leaves
upon the Stalk, as fix, eight, or ten, which are verb
narrow and very long, and grow upon the Stalk
even to the very top , where grow the Flowers
which very much refemble a fmall Jhort Fly.

XII. The Places. They grow in open Grounds
and in Wood-land Grounds, in Clay Grounds as
alfoin a moift fertil Earth; in Marfh Grounds and
in dry ftndy Soils, and barren Fields, in many
parts of England-, and all of them are found
Nurft up in the Gardens of fome of out
Florifts.

XIII. The Times. They Flower from the
middle or latter end of April to the end of
May.

XIV. The Qualities, Specification and Preparati-
ons of thefe Fly-Flowers , or Fly-Stones, are the
lame with thofe of Dog-Stones in Chap. 226.
atoregoing, to which we refer you, and therefore
fhall fay no more thereof in this place.

CHAP. DXXXI.

Of ORCHIS Handed 5

0 R,

PALMA CHRIST I.

I. HP H E Names. It is called in Greek, "Osxtt
r/kxTvWf. in Latine , Orchis Talmata ,
Orchis Digit at a, Raima Chrifii: and in Englijh
Handed Orchis, Finger Orchis, and Palma Chrifi i.

II. The Kinds. Of thefe which are common
to us the following nine are chief, viz. 1. Orchis
Palmata major , vel Mas -, Palma Chrifii Mas Lo-
belij, The great Male Handed Orchis. 2. Orchis
Palmata major pratenfis angufiifolia Bauhini The
great Male Handed Orchis with narrow Leaves.

3. Orchis Palmata Fcemina, Palma Chrifii Fcemina
folio maculato Lobelij, The Female Handed Orchis.

4. Orchis Palmata pratenfis maxima-, Compfea
difla Lobelio, The greatelt Handed and Hooded
Orchis. 5. Orchis Palmata minor Flore rubro. Sera-
pias minor Lobelij, Small Handed Orchis with red
Flowers. 6. Orchis Palmat a angufiifolia minor. Orchis
Fcemina Tragi, The lefler Handed Orchis with narrow
Leaves. 7. Orchis Palmata angufiifolia minor odor a
tijfima Bauhini, The Iweet l'mall Handed Orchis.
8. Orchis Palmata Caryophyllata Lobelij, The Clove
feented Handed Orchis. 9. Orchis Palmata Botra-
chites, vel Myodes Lobelij , Handed Orchis relem-
bling Frogs or Flies. There are others of the Or -
chides Palmatm, which grow in Marfh and Fenny
places. Thefe are the Or chides palufires. Fenny Or-
chides, or Marfh Palms, of which we have already
treated : but the Cuts or Figures of the firft and
fecond Kindi there treated of, were over lookt,
and fo not inferted in their proper places j we have

thought

Chap, 551, ‘Enghfb tie-rk

191

thought good, that they might not be loft , to place
them here next following.

I. Serapias , vel Orchis Palmat&paluftris latifolia-,
Fenny Orchis, or Marfh Handed Palms with
broad Leaves, Chap. 25 1. Sett. 2. A'0. 1.

1. Serapias vel Orchis Palmda paluflris Lepto -
pbylla, Fenny Orchis Handed, or Marfh Palms
thin Leav’d, Chap. 251. Sell. i. N°. 2.

The Descriptions*

III. The fir ft , or Great Male Handed Orchis
t he Root is Hah Jed-, Palmed, or Fingred, as in the
Cut or Figure, fiat and broad , two, and two, joined
together at the Head, like unto Hands, parted at
the bottom intojhort pieces , as if the Fingers were
cut Jhort off by the Knuckles, with fome Fibres at
the Head thereof alfo , one of them being firm 3

Orchis Handed Male Or eat :
or, Valina Chrifli.

the other toofe or Spongy , ns in the round Tuberous
Orchides, which rife and decay in like manner. It
has divers large , broad , and long , fmooth , green
Leaves , lying on the Ground , among which rifes up
a round Stalk , with fame fuch Leaves on it but
Infer up to the top , where grows a large Bead of
red purple flowers, /potted with a ckep purple
color , each flower having a Heel of the fame color
behind it.

IV. The Second , or Great Male Handed Or-
chis with narrow Leaves. The Roots of this are
double handed like the former , parted into three
parts below : the Leaves are long , and narrower
than the former , thro ’ which the Stalk rifes up, as
thro’ a Pipe, to be a Foot and half high, on which it
fet a fpikei Head of flowers of a pale purple color ,
with a Spur behind , andu fmallLeaf fet with every
flower at the bottom.

V. The third, or Female Handed Orchis. Its
Root is Handed or fingered like the others. The
Leaves hereof are long and narrow. Spotted diiter/ly
with black Spots. The Stalk has likeviife fome

narrow

798

Salmon’ s Herbal,

narrower Leaves thereon , and a /picked Head oj
hooded Flowers * fome reddijh , cither deeper or paler,
or blujh , or o//o white, the lowcjl oj them being
j 'potted , but federal of them have fome times
none.

VI. The fourth , or Great eft Handed and Hooded
Orchis. The Root is like the former , but larger
P aimed and Fingered from the Head of which ri/es
up a Stalk 3 feet high , having fever al long and
narrow Leaves fet thereon , alrnjl encompajfing it
at the bottom , the Flowers whereof are Hooded like
the laft , but of a delicate pal # purple color and
fweet wit ball, but flowering late.

VII. T7;<? fifth, or Small Handed Orchis with
red Flowers, in Root is J mall and Handed like
the others. It is but a J, 'mall Plant, and hits -a
/lender Stalk, with a few long and narrow Leaves
fet thereon, f mailer above than thofe below , . having
a fpiked Head , of fhining red Flowers.

VIII. The fixth, or Letter Handed Orchis with
narrow Leaves. Its Root is Handed and Fingered
much like to thofe beforegoing, but leffer, and the
lower divifions of them are longer. . 1 he Leaves are
very long and narrow, and the • Stalk grows to be
about a Foot high, the Flowers at top whereof, are
of a pale purple color , and the whole Spike fhortcr
t1 an the others.

The f eventb, or;$vvCet fmall Handed Orchis.
Ibis Kind has fmHl Rcct'f Palmed like the reft.
The Leaves arc v rower, and long almofi cu

Grafs, the S o ’.'is a. Hank high, with yjery J mall
Leaves up t. idp, bearing thereon a fmall Spike
of pale purple Flowers, verf fweet, each having a
Hood and a Lip hanging down, divided at the bottom
into four parts, with a li.ee l behind.

X. Tf?e eighth, or il?e Clove Ycented Handed
Orchis. Its Root is Paired or Finger’d, much like
the others, but has its lower divifions much longer ,
running down deep into thejEarth. The Leaves of
this Kind are long a/f narrow. The Stalk is /len-
der, with fever al fhort Leaves thereon. The fpiked
Head of Flowers is Purple , each refembhng J. mall
Flies, and fmelling as fweet as a Clove, or Clove
Gilliflower : after which came great Heads of fmall
Seed.

XI. The ninth, or Handed Orchis refembling
Frogs, or Flies. Its Palmed or Finger e dr Root has
fhort er divifions in one part, and longer in another.
Its Leaves which grow on its Stalk, are fome what
fhort and broad, encompajfing it at the bottom. Its
Flowers which grow at top of the Stalk, are fmall,
with Wings as it were above , and a long fmall Body
hanging down, and does in fome fort refemble a
Frog, as well as a Fly.

XII. The Places. Thefe Palmed or Finger’d
Orchides, grow for the molt part in Fields and
Meadows in many parts of England, and are alfo
Nurft up in Gardens, by the more curious fort of
Her barifts. The Alarfl) or Fenny Palmed or Finger'd
Orchides grow in Marfh , Moorifh , or Fenny
Grounds, as their Name does inculcate, and of
which we have already fpoken in Chap'. 251. Sell.
10 aforegoing.

XIII. The Times. They Flower in April, May ,
and June, but feldom after, except they degene-
rate j or that it has had fome hinderance at the
time when it ought to have Naturally Flowered,
which does indeed fometimes happen.

XIV. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations ,
and Vert ues of thefe, are the fame with thofe of
Cynof orchis , or Dogs-Stones in Chap. 226. SeU, 14.
ad 1 8. aforegoing, to which we refer you.

ORGANIF, fee Origanum, Chap. p:_
OROBANCrL fee Broom Rape, Chap.

C H A P. DXXXIL

Of O R I G A N U M;

, 0 R,

Baftard M A R J O R A M.

1- 'T' « E NiiSct. It is called in Art.

J_ , hick, Eaudcriigi , or i'aitdensgi in
Greek , O' ’Oei>»©- : in l, mine. Origanum :

and in Eng/ijh, Origanum , Organy , and Baftard
Marjoram.

II. The Kinds. Late Authors make many Kinds
hereof, but the molt ufed in Phyfick are thefe five
Species following^ vie. 1. Origanum Heracleoti-
cum verius Lobelij, Matthioli, Gefneri , Camerarij,
Lugdunenfis , Tabernamontani , a Dodonxi-, fome
call it by the Name of Creticum , and fome of
Hfpanicum : it is alfo called, Cunila Gallinac&a
Plinij Bauhino, and is the Cunila Diofcoridis,
Greek Origanum. 2. Origanum Omtis Matthioli,
Gefneri Bauhini & Lugdunenfis, and called by
fome by Name the of It ah cum -, white Greek Origa-
num. 3. Origanum 0 nitis aliudmajus Camerarijifj
Bauhini >, Origanum Creticum Gerardi The greater
white Origanum. This third has fo great a re-
femblance with the former lecond Species, that
they are very ’ much fufpefted both of them to
be but one and the fame Kind , and that they
differ but in the largenefs of the Leaves, which
may be occafioned by reafon of the difference of
the Soil, or fertility of the Ground in which they
may grow. 4. Origanum Vulgar e. Origanum ojfici -
num Origianum .Sylveftre -, Cunila Bubula Plinij
Ruellio & Bauhino : Our Common Origanum. This
Diofcorides fays (if it is his Wild Kind) was called
in his time Cunila. This is the ltrongeft in Smell,
and quickeft in Tafte, and is in Galens Opinion,
the beft. 5. Origanum Anglicum Gerardi » Our
Englifh Origanum.

The Descriptions,

III. The fir ft , or Greek Origanum. It has a
long /lender Root, with fome fmall Fibres adjoin-
ing to it - from whence nfes up feveral hard, round,
reddijh green Stalks , a Foot and fometimes more
in height , fpreading forth into many other f mailer
Branches -, on which grow many Leaves by couples
at the Joints. Thefe Leaves are of a whitifh
green color , more long than round, and [harp pointed,
very like unto thoje of Marjoram, but larger ,
whiter, and harder, or rougher in handling. At
the tops of the ■ Branches ftand fmall, long , fcalel
Spikes or Ears, fuch like as in Marjoram , but
longer, out of which /hoot forth fmall whitifh purple
Flowers, like the Flowering of Wheat, after
which comes fmall brownifh Seed. The whole
Plant rifts up with ns not much higher than

Marjcy-

Chap. 532. 'EngUjl Herbs .

799

Origanum Grech

Marjoram , but of a hotter and f quicker Smelly
yet very fweet , and has a Sharper biting Taffe.

IV. The fecond , or White Greek Origanum.i
This Plant is more tender to keep than the former ,'

Origanum Greek white.

Scarcely abiding the fharpnefs of our Winters, tho >*
it be as well defended: it differs fometbing front
the former tho ? not much •, but in the color of the
Flowers , which in this is white : in its Leaves vjhich
are whiter and larger 5 W its Magnitude or
Stature , this being much higher. The Heads are
alfo more divided , and Jeparated into Smaller
Spikes or Ears.

V. The third, or Greater white Origanum. This
is more hardy than the laff and will better abide the
cold of a Winter, if there be care ufed to preferve
it. It has larger and whiter Leaves than the for-
mer-, the f pi ky Heads are larger alfo , and snore
Spread abroad than thofe , and bear white Flowers
in like manner.

VI. Gerard deferibes this third Species thus.
It has many thready Roots : from which rife up di-
vers weak and feeble Branches , trailing upon the
Ground , jet with fair green Leaves , not unlike
thofe of Penny-royal, but broader and Jhorter ;
at the tops of thofe Branches ftand Scaly hr Chaffy
Ears of a purple color ; and the whole T4ant is' of
a moft pleafant fweet Smell. The Root of this
Gerard fays, endured in his Garden,,, and the
Leaves alfo green all the Winter long, tho fome
have faid that it peri flies at the jirft fro]}, as Sweet
Marjoram does.

VII. The fourth, or Our Common Origanum.
Its Root, fays Parkinfon, perifhes when it has
given Seed ; It rifes up with divers round hard
Stalks, on which are fet fomewbat broader, leffer
and rougher Leaves than the former. The [lowers

Origanum Common, or Wild.

grow at the tops of the Branches, in J, mailer
f piked Heads, and more difperfed than the former,
of a rediifh purple color-, after which comes fmall
bromijh 'Seed.

VIII. The

8og Salmon s 'Herbal Lib* I.

VIII. The fifth, or Our Englifli Origanum.
Its Root creeps under Ground , and encreafes much ,
abiding from Tear to Tear , from whence come forth
feveral brownifh , hard , Jquare Stalks , with /mail \
dark , Leaves , fet by couples on them, very

like to thofe of Sweet Marjoram, but harder , ang
feme what broader. At the tops of the Stalks ftanj

Origanum. Englifb.

Tufts of dark or deep purplifh red Flowers, which,
turn into fmall Seed , ///& that of the Garden Mar-'
pram, but blacker. The whole Plant fmells plea-
fantly Jtrong.

IX. Gerard fays. That this fifth Species orEng-
lifh Kind, has a Root which creeps in the Ground ,
is long hft ing , and fends forth long , ft iff and hard
Stalks of two Cubits high , fet with Leaves like
thofe 0/ Sweet Marjoram, but broader and greater ,
0/ a ruffef green cplor. On the tops of the Branch-
es ftanft Tufts of purple Flowers, compofed of many
fmall ones fet together very clofely, Umble fajbion.
This Plant is called by Lobel, Origanum Onitis
majus, and Agrioriganum, and is the Origanum
Italicum Carialpini.

X. The Places. All thefe Kinds of Origanum's
grow Wild in hot Countries , as Greece , Italy ,
Spain , Creet , Florida in America , 3nd other hot
Climates : But with us they are Nurft up in Gar-
dens. The fifth or lalt grows (as well as in Gar-
dens') Wild in the borders of Fields, and low
Copfes, in moft places of England. I found it to
grow Wild in many Plantations in the South of
Carolina , where it grew fpontaneoully , and flou-
rifhed after an admirable manner.

XI. The Times. They bear their fpiked Pleads
or Flower about the middle or end of Auguft , or

middle of September with us ^ fo that their Seed
(except that of the lalt) does not often come to
Maturity in our Country.

XII. The Qualities. Origanum is hot and dry
in the end of the third Degree : it attenuates or
makes thin, incides, is fomething Aperitive, At-
tra&ive. Carminative, Digeltive,. Anodyn ^ Cepha-
lick. Neurotick, Stomatick, Hyfterickj Ptarmick.
Emmenagogick, and Alexipharmick.

XIII. The Specification. It prevails againft
Poifon, the Bitings of Serpents, or other Veno-
mous Creatures •, Convulfions , the Dropfy, Ob-
ftru&ions of the Terms, Coughs, Swellings of
the Throat, Ulcers of the Mouth, Jaundice
Colick, Cfc.

XIV. The Preparations. 1. A Liquid Juice.
2. An Effence. 3. A Decoction or Infufion in Wine.
4. A Ponder. $. An Errhine. 6. A Diftilled
Water. 7. A Spirit. 8. A Diftilled Oil. 9. A
Spirituous Tintt ure. 10. An Acid Tintfurc. 11.
An Oily Tintture. 12. An Eletfuary, 13. Art
Emeticki

The Virtues ,

XV. The Liquid Juice. Given with Wine, and
Oxymel , it is good againft Poifon, and the malig-
nity of hemlock , henbane , and Opium , or the
Root of Colchicum Ephemerum , which is Meadow
Saffron , that kills in about a Days time. It may
be given from 1 Spoonful to 4 : given with Pulp
of Figs it is good againft Ruptures, Convulfions,
and Cramps : and mixt with an equal quantity of
honey , it Purges downwards black and melancholy
Humors. Taken in a Glafs of White Port or Lis-
bon Wine, it provokes the Terms in Women, and
prevails againft the Dropfie. Mixt with Honey as
aforefaid, it is good againft Coughs, Colds,
Wheezing, Hoarfenefs, and Shortnefs of Breath.

XVI. The Effence. It is given from 1 Spoonful
to 2 or 3, againft all the Difeafes afore named, in
Wine or fome other proper Vehicle. Being ,dropt
into the Ears, it eafes their pain. It is profitable
for fuch as are Itchy , Mangy , or are Scabby :
and being taken for fome confiderable time,
is an excellent thing for the cure of the
Jaundice.

XVII. The DecoUion or Infufion in Wine. Thefe
have the Virtues of the Juice and_ Effence, but no-
thing near fo powerful, and therefore may be given
Morning and Night from 4 to 6 Ounces or more,
according to the Age of rhe Patient. They are
potent Remedies againft all forts of cold Poi^
fons whatfoever: as alfo againlt the bitings or
ftingings of Serpents, mad Dogs, Scorpions,
Spiders, Ific. fecuring the Life of the Patient upon
the fpot.

XVIII. The Ponder of the herb and Heads of
Flowers. It has all the Virtues of the former
Preparations •, but operates not with that fpeed
which they do, becaufe it requires fome time to be
digeftedin the Stomach: but being given in Mead
or honeyed Water from a Dram to 2 Drams, it
Purges downwards, black and melancholy Humors, y
is good againft the Jaundice, provokes the Terms,
and facilitates the Birth of a Woman in La-
bor.

XIX. The Errhine. Take of the liquid Juice an
Ounce : of the Effence 2 Drams : of tbe Ponder
half a Dram , mix them , to be fnuft up the No/tri/s.
It purges the Head and Brain that way , draws

forth

Chip. 5 3 3 . ‘Engltjh Herbs,

8o

forth Pituitous Humors, and other kinds of
Matter out of the Cavities of the Brain , and
therefore is profitable againft the Head-ach ,
Megrim, Veltigo, Lethargy, Apo’ptexie, Epi-
leptic, and other like cold difeafes of the
Head: in which being often ufed. Morning, Noon,
and Night, it is found to be a thing of great
efficacy. *

XX. The Diftilled Water, ft has the former
Virtues, but is much weaker than either Juice or
Bfence, and may be taken from 4, to 6 or 8
Ounces, dulcified with double refined Sugar: it
will be much more effectual if half a Spoonful
or Spoonful of the Spirit is added to it ; however
it may be ufed as a Vehiculuni to convey the other
Preparations in.

XXI. The Spirit Dijlif/ed front the whole Plant.
It is Cephalick, Neurotick, Cordial and Hyfterick :
good againlt Lethargies, Cams, and all other cold
and moilt Difeafes of the Head and Brainy is pre-
valent againft Pallies, Tremblings, and Numbnefs
of any part, Sicknels at Heart, Fainting, Swoon-
ing, Palpitation, and all cold and moift Difeafes
of the Stomach and Womb. Dofe from 2 Drams
to 6 in a Glafs of Wine.

XXII. The Difillcd Oil from the f piled Heads
of Blowers. It has all the Virtues of the former Pre-
parations ; and is one of the molt powerful Vege-
tables in the World againft the Palfie, tho’ univer-
fal, being taken inwardly from 3 to 10 or 12 drops
in any Antipafalytiek Vehicle: and outwardly
anointed upon the Spina Dorft and parts affeUed,
Morning and Evening: but by reafon of its extra-
ordinary heat, it ought to be mixed with Chymical
Oil of Limons in equal parts, and then ufed : and
lb it is a moft excellent thing againft Cramps,
and Convulfions of the Nerves in what part of the
Body foever.

XXIII. The Spirituous Tintlure. It has all the
Virtues of the Juice , Bfence, Spirit and Oil, but
is milder, and more fit to be taken than the laft
of them, unlefs in an inveterate Palfie, in which I
think, fcarcely any Medicine can be too ftrong.
It is a great Stomatick, and this as well as the
Oil are potent things againft the Colick, whether
in the Stomach or Guts : it ftrengthens the Vfcera ,
expels Wind, and makes a cheerful Countenance!
Dofe from 1 to 2 or 3 Drams, or more, in a Glafs
of Wine Morning and Evening.

XXIV. The Acid Tintlure. It is a great cor-
teflor of all forts of Poifons of Vegetables or
Animals, but more efpecially againft the Poilon or
Malignity of the Plague or Peftilence, and refilts
the utmoft force of all forts of Malign or
Peftilential Fevers: it very much ftrengthens the
Stomach , caufes a good Appetite, and a ftrong
Digeftion, and being ufed for fome time , very
admirably reftores languilliing Nature. Dofe fo
many drops at a time, as to make a Glafs of
Ale, Wine, or Dilh of Broth, pleafanrly and
gratefully Acid.

XXV. The Oily Tintlure, It has all the Virtues
of the Oil and Spirituous Tintlure ; befides which
it is prevalent againft Difeafes of the Reins, Ure-
ters and Bladder , cleanfing them from Sand, Gra-
vel, Stones, and other Tartarous Mucilage obftrutft-
ing them. It ftrengthens the Back, eafes the ve-
hement pain thereof; being inwardly taken and
outwardly anointed upon the fame, provokes Urine
powerfully, and gives prefent relief in the Stran-
gury. Dofe from 20 to 40 or 60 drops, in any
fit Vehicle.

XXVI. The El e Unary. Take of the Pouder an
Ounce, of Sal nitre in fine Ponder 4 Drams, Honey
i Ounces and half, mix them. Held in the Mouth,

between the Gums and Lips, or Cheeks, it
eales the Tooth-ach: and being rubbed upon
Teeth, it makes them white, and fallens

the

them: given, inwardly, to 2 Drams or more, in a
Ijlals ot Wine;, it potently provokes Urine gives

cafe in the Strangury, and heat and Raiding of
the Water; and evacuates the Watery Humor in

Jjfophes.

XXIII. The Emetic A It is made of the Juice
with Onions fin ed, and Sumach infufed in it in it
Copper Vejfel for the /pace of 40 Days. Dofe 3
Dram or 2, more or lefs, according to Age and
Faftf^f1’ ln 3 ^ a^s ^ne 'n Morning

XXVIII. Kota. Galen fays, all the forts of
Origanum, are of a cutting, ratifying, and attenu-
uatmg Faculty, and heat in the third Degree ; and
that the Heracleticum is of mote power or force
than the Onitis, and that the Wild is ftronger than
eithet. It is alfo faid thac the Decol/ion of Ori-
ganum, with Cloves, fweetned with Sugar helps
luch as are troubled with the Hiccough. ’

CHAP. DXXXIII.

Of O R R I C E Florentine.

I. '~r'HE Names. It called in Creek "Ux

11. r in hat we. Ins Tuberofa

alba- InsT uberofa Florentine , Iri , alba Plorentina :
I"1#- WhlJe Orrice , Florentine Grice, and
White 1 uberous Slower de Luce.

I1' f^e Kinds. We have treated of this Plant al-
ra-k j" p-A =87. aforegoing, where we havede-
ftribed three feveral Species thereof, vis. Iris alba
Florentine, the Sweet Florentine Orrice : of whofe
Root Sweet Pouders and Waters are made, and of
which they make their Rafp-Berry Ale, by putting a
lttde bit of it into each Bottle. 1 Iris Flore pallido
rlorentina , The Straw colored Florentine Orrice:
3. Ins alba major verfi-color , The white parti-
colored Orrice. To thefe we (hall add in this
Chapter, 4. Ins Catruled odorifera , vel odor 0 fa
ins Lameranj Germania, Camerarius his Sweet
German Orrice; or Sweet blew Flowered Orrice -
T. Ins Panponica, Hungarian or Auftrian Flower de
Luce, or Orrice. And with thele, we here give
you the Cut or Figure, of the Sweet white
or Florentine Orrice, which was over-paft in Chap
287. Sell. 3. above mentioned, which is now here
placed.

The Defer iptionid

Jhe thpO ‘"■Sweet Florentine Orrice,-

is oZgeuUSrRmoj af0”f‘derab/e thicknefs, which
is admirable fweet, and being put into Ale, or Wine,
does give them an abfolute Rafp-Berry Flavour or
La te-, a IJ° being reduced into Pouder, makes a
yellowtjh or Cream white Pouder, of a very pleafant
fweet Smell, of which many fweet Pouders and
| Bags are compofed ; and which is generally now Sold
S K

8o2

Salmon s Herbal-. Lib. L

i. Or rice Florentine Sweet: or Sweet white Or-
rice or Sweet tuberous Flower de luce .

Orrice Florentine »

in Perfumers Shops : This Orrice in its form and
way of growing , is altogether like to the Common
Flower de luce, faving that the Flowers of this are
of a white color , and the Root of an exceeding
fweet Smell. The larger defcription hereof fee in
the afore cited Chapter and Self ion .

IV. The fourth , or Camerarius his Sweet Ger-
man Orrice, or Sweet blew Flowered Orrice. Ca-
merarius in his Hortus Medicus fays, That it has a
great thick and knobby Root , which [nulls as Sweet
as the Florentine Orrice. The Stalk is Jingle and
fmooth , thick and full of Juice. The Leaves are
very large and broad , and twice as broad as any of
the other Flower de luces. The Flower grows at
the top of the Stalk , confifiing of fix great Leaves ,
of a moft bright fhining blew color , welted down
the middle , with a middle Rib , of a yellowifh white
color , the three upper Leaves being fomewhat
yellowifh. At the bottom next the Stalk , it is of
a ichite color , with fome yellownefs fringed about
the J, 'aid white , as alfo about the brims or edges ,
which very much expreffes the Beauty thereof.

V. The fifth , or Hungarian, or Auftrian Flower de
luce or Orrice. Its Root is tuberous , and very
fweet when it is dry , out-vying , or contending in
fweet nefs, with the firfi or Common Sweet Floren-
tine Orrice it felf. It has great broad Leaves , thick
and flat , of a purple color near unto the Ground ,
like to the Dalmatian Flower de luce, which it very
much refembles. The Flower is of all the others ,
the mo ft confufedly mixed with various colors , being
very Beautiful , infomuch as it is very difficult to
deferibe every Line or Stroke , according to the
truth thereof. The three Leaves which fland upright,
do clafp or embrace one another , and are of a yel-
low color . The Leaves which look downwards , are

ibout the edges, of a pale color , the middle part of
white , mixed with a Line of Fur pie, and has many
[mail purple Lines , ft ripe d over the [aid white
Flower , even to the brim of the pa/e colored edge.
This being lightly Jmelt to has a Smell alrnoft like to
thofe of the Hawthorn Flowers.

VI. The P laces. The Titles or Names of thefe
Orrice’' s fhew in what Places t>r Countries they
are Natives: with us they are only Nurlt up in
Gardens , where they Hourifh very well.

VII. The Times. They Flower in July and Au-
gyfi • and their Seed is ripe in September , or not
long after.

VIII. The Vitalities, Specifications, Preparations,
and Vertues of thefe, are the fame with the Flo-
rentine Orrice, declared in Chap. 287. Sell. 8. ad
17. aforegoing, to which you are referred.

CHAP. DXXXIV.

Of ORPIN E;

0 R,

L I V E - L O N G.

I. 'T' H E Names. Itis called inGrfrf, Tm par.

JL in Latine, Telephium alfo (fo called from
T elephus Rex Mifttt , whofe Wounds received from
Achilles , and grown almolt paft Cure, were healed
herewith:) by fome Authors, Fabaria, and by
moft Crajfu/a : in Englijh, Orpine and Five-long ;
(becaufe a Branch or Branches of the Plant will
live and grow a long time, after they are taken
out of the Ground and hung up in any place,
more elpecially if put into a (hallow Bafon of
Water, in which it will fpring up regularly, and
grow beautifully, even to admiration).

II. The Kinds. Thefe following fix Sorts, are
the chief, viz. I. Telepbium, five Crajfula major
vulgaris (d foliorum CraJJite : Scrophuldria media j
vel Tertia Brstnfelftj : Fabaria, F, aba crajfa, Faba
inverfa Sfiorundam if Lobelij ; d foliorum fabz
fimilitudine if crajfituiine ; Acetabulum alterum
Cordi-, Coti/edon alterum Diofcoridis Column*-, Ana-
campferos Gefneri in horns ; Telephium , Telephi-
umvulgare , Clufij , Dodonsi, Mattbioli ; Our Com-
mon Orpine, i. Telepium feu Crajfula minor ,
Ceptea Mattbioli -, Ceptea marina dliormn ; Small
Orpine. 3. T elephium, five Crajfula major Hifpa-
nica, Clufij -, if Lobelij Telephium Hifpamcum Clufij-,
The Great Spanifh Orpine. 4. Telephium Floribus
pur pur eh Lobelij ; Scrophularia feu Lortulaca major
Tragi -, Acetabulum alterum purpureum Fuchftj
Telephium quintum Clufij -, Crajfula Montana Cicfal-
pini ; Rapuntium Vmbeilatum Columnf. (for he did
not think it to be a Species of Telephium.) Orpine
purple Flowered, y. Telephium minus repens ; Do-
do/uei if Lobelij-, Cepra Pancij C/uftoif Canter arid-,
Telephium. fextum Clufij (who thinks it more near-
ly to refemble the True Telephium or Orpine, than
any other.) Telephium femper Virens , Dolontei &
Lobelij-, Small creeping Orpine, or French Orpine.
6. Telephium Legifmmm LtiperaifClufw, Telephium
lmperati Camerario-, The True Orpine of hnpe-

T/j e

'• 534- ffnglijh 'Herbs.

80

The Descriptions.

III. Tbefirfl , or Our Common Orpine. T he
Roois are manifold, thick , round, and white
with glanaklous or tuberous Clogs , not much an-
like to thofe of the Spanifh Kind following, but
lejfcr It rifts up with fever ol round brittle
Stalks, thick fet with thick, fat , and JleJhy

Orpine Common.

3

Orpine Small.

Leaves , without any order, and little or no-
thing dented about the edges, leffer than thofe
of the Spanidl fort, and of a paler green
color. The Flowers grow in leffer Tufts, and
are white, or of a whitijh ctlor , which after
wards bear chaffy Husks, containing within them
fatal l duji like Seed. This when it is found
growing Wild in Fields and Woods /ides, does
generally grow f nailer than when it grows in
Gardens.

IV. The fecond, or Small Orpine. Its Root
is long and Fibrous , fm /ling fomething fweet,
like Rofe-wort Root as Camerarius jays, and
perijhes every Tear-, fo that if it rifes not
of the JhedSeed (which it uf tally does, if it is
fuffered to Jhed it J it iituft be new Sown
every Tear. It has a fmall weak Stalk, fcarce-
ly a Foot long, tying almofl upon the Ground,
fpread out into fcveral Branches, and they
again into other f mailer ones, fet with fmall
thick long Leaves , without any order -, and
fometimes like unto Purflane. At the tops of
the Branches grow many fmall white Flowers,
in Tufts, but more thinly , or fparfed/y fet,
than in fome of the other Kinds, eonjljling

of five Leaves apiece- after which come fmall
Heads , like to the ether Orpines in which
contained fmall dufty Seed. P ’

Kct The‘hirpi f Great Spanifh Orpine. Its
Roots are thick mime, an] tuberous. Leer and
longer than thofe of the Urll or d.ffr nA

fppetimes browner of color, and a little unevenly Jct

Tufr^h 1C A‘ 'he te?s of the Stalks grow

Tufts of Flowers, larger and more fpread, tbanthofc

wourhrft or Common Kind which ionfift of five fmall
whuf Leaves apiece-, which btingpaffiwJ,.

tlipps-c £r£

much fmaller, and very much filler of Fibres or
Strings.. A or does it much differ from our Com-
mon Kind, but that the Stalks are more flexible
and weak and the Leaves (which grow without

iVrf fZ m°n fi*ely ien,ei * edges-

f T“brn l 0W?'S at ‘he t0Ps °f ,he Stalks are
of a 7 eddifh purple color confifiing of five Pm ill
Leaves apiece, like the former. IhishJb „
found alfo fmaller ,n all its parts, but not othe. r-
wife differing than in that the Stalks with all the
Leaves, utterly perifi, every Tear to the Root
which every Spring fends forti new Stalks. ’

vil. The fifth or Small creeping Orpine, called
bl{°Z Fren<*Orp,ne. Iu Roots are not tuberous
butfiberous orjfrmgy -, yet do endure with the erern
Leaves on them, the greeted extremity of
ter, loafing only fiome few of the lower Leaves of
the Branches This Root fends forth fever, l
w. a.i round Stalks, lying on the Ground, andeaft-
5 K 2 /„

Salmon 's

iy taking Root again as they lyc , thick fit with
thick fit Leaves , like unto Purflaqe, but flmallcr
and Jntaller upwards, of a dark or rujiy green
color ; from among which rife bare or naked weak
•Stalks, without arty, or with but few Leaves there-
on-, at the tops whereof fiand Jmall Tuft s of pur-
plifh Flowers like the other.

VIII. The fixth, or True Orpine ol Imperatus
Its Root is [mail and long, of 4, 6, or S Inches in
length, with divers Branches and J. mall Fibres ad-
joining to it ; at the Head whereof fume Branches of
green Leaves, which have not JceJeJ, will remain,
tho' thofe that have flowered and /ceded dye away
and peri Ih. it is a J ill all Plant and fpreads 1! filj
upon the Ground, with many. Jmall and long
trailing Branches, a Foot or more long: whereof
thofe which will not , flower the fame Tear have\
(mailer, and fomewhat longer Leaves on them,
and thicker fit together: but thofe which will,
hear Flowers, are fit fparefifiy with out any or-
der to the tops, and are lefjer in firm, and lejs
thick and floppy than any of the others before
and of a fid blemfh green color. At the tops oj
the Stalks, find thick clujters of white Flow-
ers of five Leaves apiece, after which come Jmall
corner'd Heads containing Jmall brownijh Seed-

IX The Places. The firft- of both forts, both'
sweater and lefter , are frequently found almoft in
every County of England, .the greater being gene-
rally Nurft up in Gardens ; the lefter fort is found
to grow in the ihady fides of Fields and Woods,
The fecond was firft brought to us from Padoua,
and is now planted in many places in our Gardens.
The third C/ufius found in Spain, as alfo in Hunga-
ry and upon the Alps. The fourth has been found
often in feveral places of Germany, as Tragus ,
Camerarius , Clufius and others affirm. The fifth
was a Native of Italy , and was fent thence by
Alphonfis Pancius an excellent Herbarift of Terra-
ria. The fixth came from Imperatus of Naples-,
from Cortufus and Jofepbus de Cafa bona, of
whom Clufius fays, that he received the Seed.
Thefe ate the Native places of thefe five laft,
but with us in England, they are all Nurft up in

Times. They do all of them Flower
thro’ the whole Month of July, and their Seed is
ripe in Auguft.

XI The Qualities. They are cold and moift in
the fecond Degree, as fome fay ; and Vulnerary,
as being good to heal Wounds and Ulcers, whe-
ther inward or outward.

XII. The specification. They are peculiar for
cooling Inhumations in IVounds and Tumors, and
eafing their Pain ; They abforb the acidity of Hu-
mors in the Bloody Flux, ftop fluxes of Blood in
Wounds; allay Vapors, and cure Excoriations or
Ulcers in the Stomach, Bowels, Liver, Lungs,
Reins, Womb, or other inward parts.

XIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, i. A Liquid Juice. 2. An Ejfence. ,3- A
Detailed or Inflated Oik 4. A Cataplaflm of the
Leaves. 5. A Dijlt/led Water.

The Virtues.

XIV. The Liquid Juice. Ufed with Vinegar
as a Bath or Wa(h , it takes away Scurf, Mor-
phs Leprofy, and all other Deformities of the
Skin J and is good to wafh old filthy Sores, and
putridUlcers, to cleanfe and heal them. It prevails
againlt a Quinfey, the Throat being gargled there-
with feveral times a Day, and. outwardly it being

‘Herbal. Lib. I.

bathed therewith double Cloths wet therein, be-
ing alfo bound thereto.

XV. The Ejfence. Taken inwardly 1, 2, or 3
Spoonfuls at a time, it is good to heal any gnaw-
ing, Excoriation , or Ulcer in the Stomach, In-
telfines. Lungs, Liver, Spleen, Reins, Ureters,
Bladder, or Womb, or other inward parts , being
taken for feveral Days together. It alfo abforbs
the acrimony and acidity of the Humors, heals other
Bowels in rhe Bloody Flux, and ftops all the
Fluxes of Blood in the Body , as alfo the bleeding
of Wounds outwardly. The Root of thefe Plants,
is faid aifoto perform the fame things, viz. The
Ejfence made of the Root : Inwardly taken for
lome confiderable time, it wafts and confumes
Scrophulous Tumors, or Swellings of the Throat,
from the Evil.

XVI. The Decolled or Inflolated Oik It may be
made of the green Herb, or Root. Or it may be
made by beating the Juice and Oil Olive together.
It cools Inflamations, gives eafe in hot Apoftems,
as alfo in inflamed Wounds, and is excellent to
heal Scaldings or burnings with Water, Oil, Lead,
or Fire, Hfc. Anointed upon Strumous Swellings
in the Neck and Throat, it is faid to abate them,
prevent the afflux of Humors, and in a Ihort time
to cure the fame.

XVII. The Cataplaflm of the green Leaves or
Roots. Ap^lyed to any Ample Green Wound in
Hands, Amis, Legs, or Feet, or other parts of the
Body, irquickly heals them. Being bound to
the Throat of One that has a Quinfey, it repels
theHumok fuddenly puts the Patient out of Peril,
and in a fhort time cures it; the Throat being
gargled alfo with the Juice or Ejfence, five or fix
times a Day. Applyed to Ruptures, it is faid to
confolidate' them , eipecially if the Patient is
young.

XVIII. The Dijlil/ed Water. It has all the
Virtues of the Liquid Juice 'and Ejfence-, and may
be given to fix Ounces or more , a little dulcified
with double refined Sugar. Mixt with an equal
part of Vinegar, it is laid to be a lingular Cof-
metick.

CHAP. DXXXV.

Of OX EYE.

I, fTp H E Names. It is called in Arabick , Bi-
1 bar: in Greek , E iipbai-im: in Latino,
Buphthalmon , (Sf 0 cuius Bovis: and in Englijb ,
Ox Eye ,

II. The Kinds. Authors give us feveral Kinds
of this Plant, but thofe which grow with us in
England, are chiefly thefe following, war. I.
Bupbtbalmum vu/garc , Buphthalum Matthio/i mille-
folij foli is ; Oculus Bovis vulgaris , Cachle Dio/cor i-
iu, Chryflanthemum Cordi, Fuchfij, Gefneri & Tur-
ner':, The Common or Vulgar Ox-Eye. 2. Buph-
thalmum alterum CotuU folio Caincranj, U Bauhini
Buphihalmum Narboneje , Camomil-like Ox Eye.
3. Buphtbdlmum flore purpurafleente. Ox Eye pur-
ple Flowered. 4. Bupbtbalmum Africjnum tenui-
folium Boe/ij, Ox Eye Fennel Leav’d.

The

Chap, 53 <5, Englijl) Herbs.

805

The Defcriptions.

III. The fiyjt , or Common or Vulgar Ox
Eye. It has a fmall and J, lender Root , and fibrous
withall , which perifhes yearly , or otherwfle abides
the fecond Tear after the firft Sowing , which Yarrow
does not. This is the mofi common Ox Eye with us \
its Leaves are fair and green , divided very much

Ox-Eye.

Into fever al other Leaves , fomewhat refembling
Common Yarrow, and fo taken to be by ?nany who
look but fupcrficially upon it , but being carefully
obferved , it is found plainly to differ from it , the
divifions not being fo thick nor fmall. The Stalks
tho‘> they grow upright , yet are not fo fiiff or
Jirong as thofe of Yarrow ^ and at their tops they
bear but jingle Flowers , leffcr than thofe of the
Corn-Marigold, but wholly of a deep yellow , and
not fhining , after which follows the Seed in the
middle yellow Thrum. The Figure we here exhibit
to you' is that which is in Mathiolus his Epitome
but the more Elegant Cut of this Plant,. -is that
which is in Bauhinus his Edition of Matthiolus his
T)iof corides.

IV. The fecond , or Camomil-like Ox Eye. Its
root is tough , long and flender, with fome Fibres
adjoining to it. The Stalks are weak , floppy , flexi-
ble or apt to bend , and green withal /, zohich grow
fome times to be about 2 Feet high , with fine Camo-
mil or May-weed- like Leaves , but a little larger ,
difperfedly growing thereon , oj 0//0 on its Branches ;
OL’ory otfc 0/’ which bear a Flower like unto the for-
suer Ox-Eye, or Corn-Marigold, but its Leaves are
fewer, yet fomewhat larger than thofe of Camo-
mil, and yellow^ the yellow Thrum in the middle be-
ing of a deeper yellow color , and fomewhat hollow
imthaU

V. The third , or Ox-Eye purple Flower’d.
Its Root is much like the former. The Stalk alfo
( which in 'the other is green) is more reddifh in
this. In the main , the Plant differs not much from
the l aft in the manner of its growing , or in the
form of its Leaves and Flowers j faving , that in
this , the Flowers are either wholly purplifh , or elfe
pur pi ifij in the middle.

VI. The fourth , or Ox-Eye Fennel Leav’d. It
has a long J, lender Root , which is full of Fibres or
Strings , and perifhes every Tear after Seed time.
It rifles up with one fender Stalk , with fever al
long thin Leaves , varioufly divided , and cut into
fmall fine parts , coming nearer to the form of
Fennel, than any other , bearing a large yellow
Flower at top of each Branch , Leaves and Flowers
growing together.

VII. TheiPlaces. They generally grow in moift
Grounds, by Water Courfes, and the like in
other Countries ; but with us they grow onlv
in Gardens.

VIII. The Times. They Flower in June and
July, and fometimes in Auguft the Seed being
ripe not long after.

IX. The Vitalities. Authors are very Ihort in
this part ; all that they fay of Ox-Eye , is, that it
is DifculTive.

X. The Specification. It is faid to difculs
Tumors, and to be helpful againft the Jaun-
dice.

XI. The Preparations. You may have here-
from, 1. A Pouder of the Heads of the Flowers.
2. A Cerot made of the fame.

The Virtues .

_ XII. The Pouder of the Flowers. It may be
given in White Wine , from a Dram to two Drams
Morning and Evening, and fo it is helpful
againft the Jaundice: Or it may be fo given
immediately after Bathing , as Diof corides fays,
and fo it gives a good color to the Skin.

XIII. The Cerot e of the Flowers. Apply ed to
cold and hard Tumors or Swellings, it ioftens
and difeufles them: and therefore may probably
be good againft Scrophulous Kernels. • \

CHAP. DXXXVI.

Of O X - L I P S.

I. 'T' H E Name's. They have no proper Greek
JL Name : but are called in Latine , Paraly-
fis abfque calicibus : and in Englijh , Ox-Lips.

II. The Kinds. It is a Species of the Cowflip ,
and of that fort, whofe Flower is without any
Hofe, or green Husk to contain it, or if it has
any, it is a very Ihort one. It is threefold, viz.
1. Paralyfis abfque calicibus fimplici , Ox-Lips
fingle. 2. Paralyfis fine calicibus duplici , Ox- Lip
double. 3. Paralyfis calicibus dijJectA , Ox-Lips
with jagged Husks. 4. Paralyfis Flore Viridante,
five , Calamifirato , Ox-Lip green Roje, or Fether
Flowered. All thefe we have treated on already
in the Chapter of Cowflip s, viz. Chap. 157. Sell. 9,
' ip >

8o6

Salmon s Herbal

Lib. L

ic, ii, I1?- aforegoing* fo that no more need be
laid of them Slow, faving that we (hall here give
you Gerards general Defcription of them. * and then
add a fifth Kind, viz. 5. L unify /is Wore Gemnato
■pbllidiore inodor a, Ox-Lips double df a palfer yel-
- fww color without Smell.

T he Defer ip i ion?;

HI. Gerards general Defcription. This well
known Ylower by the Name of Ox-Lip, differs not
from the Cowflip, faving that theT'lowers are not
fo thick tbrujl together , and they are fairer , are

Ox -Lip.

diflerence ; i. That the Leaves \f /bis P/a/’t are
Something larger. 2. That the Hower-s are alfo
a tittle larger. 3. And that they are of e paler
yellow color. J 1

„L.\ Jl>‘ Phcei. They are all foiii;;! growing
WjH in Meadows and other Palture Fields nlmolt
throughout all Englt&tl: from Whence they hav4
been Iraniplanted into Gardens , for clcli^lic Like
wuh iuch as are Lovers of Flowers, where thev
I’.jule, flourifli, and grow fairer than in their
natural places.

Vi. The Times: They Flower in the Spring
ot the Year, at the fame time when Craft art
in Hower, fome earlier, and fome later, inn gene-
rally later or after trimrofes ; ib that their Sea-
Ion may be laid to be from the beginning of
April ro the end of May: But I have ieeu lorne
ot them in Flower almoit to the middle of lure
cho not often. J 5

VII. The kite hues, Specific ton , Preparations ,

and i mites of thefe are the fame with thofe of
bowJJips, which we ■ have enumerated at bme in
shop IJ7- Sell. 18. ad 32. aforegoing. They are
lingular Cephalicks, and Neuroticks, and there-
fore mult be of extraordinary ufe in Dileaf s of
the Head, Brain, and Nerves: and for eafing
pains in the Head, are accounted next to Betoav
Experience lias Ihew’d that they are profitable
for the Cure of the Palfie, for which reafon the
wnole Tribe of Cow/lips ( of which thefe are
Species) are called by many People Palf, e-worts.
They are alfo profitable againft pains of the Joints
or Gout, (as are the Bears Ears alfo, which are
another Species of CowJIips ) for which reafon they
have obtained the Name Arthritica , as well as
Paralytica or Paralyjls. ’ 33

VIII. The Juice of the flowers. It is com-
mended by fome Authors, todeanfe, lofren, and
whiten the Skin, and to takeaway the fpots, difeo-
lorings, and defeedations of the Face or Skin.
The laid Juice drank Morning, Noon, and Night”
from 3, to ;, or 6 Ounces, for fome Days in a
Glafs of Madera, Sherry, or White Lisbon Wine
is faid to prevail wonderfully againlt both Pallia
and Gout.

IX; The Juice of the Leaves. Snuft up the
Noltrils as an Errhine, it purges the Head Brain
and original of the Netves, of cold and moift
Humors, which fall upon other parts, and
caufe Pallies, Gouts, Convulfions, Evil and
many other dangerous Difeafes.

not fo many in number , and fmell not fo flea -
jant as the other: (to which we add) and Jland-
ing naked , or without any green Hofe or Husk ,
to contain them , or if they have any , it is a very
Jhort one , fee the Figure.

IV. The fifth , or Ox-Lips double of a paler
yellow color without Smell. Its Root is long ,
ftringy , and very fibrous , from whence Spring
forth iTLitiy green Leaves , very like to thofe of
the Common Field Cowflip, very much of the
fame fhape and make , rough , ft iff, and a little
Crumpled about the edges , each Leaf ftanding
upon a ftyort foot Stalk. It has Stalks of flow-
ers , much like the Cowflip , growing in bunches
at the tops of the faid Stalks. The blowers them-
f elves are double , like thofe of the Double Cowflip,
one within another , faving that this has no Husk
or Hofe to contain them , no more than the
Single Ox-Lip hat , but ft and bare or naked ,
and of the very fame largenefs each of them ,
having very little or no Smelly but with this

OXON, fee Crofs-wort, Chap. 17 1.
OX-TONGUE, fee Buglofs, Chap. 94;
PADELION, fee Ladies Mantle, Chap. 421;
PAGLE, fee Stitch-wort, Chap.

PAIGLE, Jee Cowflip, Chap. 177 .
PALMA-CF1RISTI, fee Spurge great Indian, Chi

CHAP

/

Chap. 537,

it)

Herbs

807

CHAP. DXXXVII.

Of PAN ICK;

0 R,

GUINNY CORN.

I. ' | ' H E 'Names. It is called in Arabic k, Do-

X chon : in Greek , ' Ewf/.©-, Elymos : in La-
tine, Panicum : and in Englijh , P article, Guinny
Corn, and Indian Corn.

II. T he Kinds. There are feveral forts of this
Plant, as, 1 . Panicum Inrlicum, Panicum America-
man, Panicum Carolinianum , Mo.hn Diofcoridcs Lf
Galeni ; (««.©- as Diodes has it : Mel frugum
Plinij -, Pliny fays Panicum aPaniculis didumfuir ;
Indian Panick or Guiny Corn. 2. Panicum Caru-
leum Indiatm , Blew Indian Panick. 3. Panicum
Indicuni Panicula Villofa , Indian Panick with a
more hairy Spiked Head. 4. Panicum Germani-
cum Panicula minor e , Panicum album vulgar e ,
Ordinary or Common Panick, German Panick.
5. Panicum Sylvcjfre Gcrardi, Wild Panick. Of
the Manured Panick growing with us in Europe,
there is but one fort. But the Indian or Guinny
Panick is manifold , coming from Eaft India ,
Guinny , j. Ethiopia , or Africa , and from America
alfo : One for; has white Heads as big as ones
Fill, thick and fhqrt, with round white Grains,
having an hole or dent in every one of them.
Another , lias a Head or Spike a Foot long,
with a bowing top , as hairy as the third fort
afore named. Another has a flender Spike a Foot
and half long , larger at the lower part thereof,
and fmaller at the upper part , much like to the
hrlt Kind. Another has a bald fpiked Head, larger
than both ones Fills, and 9 or 10 Inches or more
long, whofe Stalk is a full Inch in Diameter, of a
fine whitifh yellow color: befides all thefe, there
are feveral other forts growing in their Native
places, too many to be enumerated here; and
which to mention would be to little other pur.
pofe than to fill up Room. We (hall give you in
this Chapter the Defcriptions only of the
five Kinds we have firft Named, which take as
follows.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firft , or Indian Panick , or Guinny
Corn. Its Root is fibrous, conffting of many
Threads or Strings : Its Stalk is very tall, as tall
as the higheft Indian Maiz ; Its Leaves or Blades
are like to thofe of Millet or Maiz, very long and
broad , and of a confiderable thicknefs , with a Rib
running all along the length to the middle. Its
Ear is thick , clofe , and compatt , made Taper
fafhion, broader or thicker at the lower end, and
fmall at the top, a foot, or almoft a Foot and
half in length. Its Grain is much like that
in Se£t. 4. following, faving that many of them
are contained together in one Hairy Husk,, which
is faftned to a very Jhort foot Stalk.

IV. The fecond, or Blew Indian Panick. It
has a fibrous or ftringy Root like the former
which fends forth Stalks, growing up to the

height of a A lan, or more, with firong and great
Joints, full of a white J'pungy Pith like to the
former , or that of Maiz, which near the Ground
are of a Jhining purp/ijh color : it fpreais it
felf out into f undry Branches, with large and
long Leaves on them, like to thofe of the firft
which encompafs the Stalk at the bottom , having
each a thick Rib running its whole length
through the middle. From the Joints towards the
top, as alfo at the tops , come forth fhort round
Panick like Heads , clofer fet together, than in
the next following , and of a blamjh Jhining pur-
ple color, as the Stalk below, or rather much more
Orient and frejh , full of hairy Husks, and fmall ,
long, blewifh , round Seed, or Grains in them,
like unto Naked Oats.

V. The third, or Indian Panick, with a more
hairy fpiked Head. Its Root is a bujh of Fibres
or Strings-, which fends up a thick, firong, joint-
ed Stalk, four , five, or fix Feet high , an Inch
and quarter or more in thicknefs, whofe Cavi-
ty is filled with white fpungy Pith, at the
Joints of the Stalks , and their Branches, come
forth long , broad, thick Leaves like to the former ,

Panick Indian,- or
Guinny Corn.

with a thick Rib running through their middle
jrom the one end to the other, which when dry is
white like Straw. At the top of the Stalks, comes
forth a Urge fpilied Head, almoft Corn fafhion,
round thick below, and fmall at top, a Foot or
more long fometmes fifteen or fixteen Inches in
lengthy a little inclining or bending downward , by
rea/on of its weight , for it is very full of Grain
C ° 1 cn t.°&et'3er 0 the which is white or yellowifh
and jajhwn almoft like to Gromel Seed ’ or not
much unlike to that 0/ Millet: but the whole
opike is much more hairy than “ either of the
former.

VI. The

8o8 • Salmon V Herbal . Lib, L

VI. The fourth , or Ordinary , or Common
Panick, or German Panick. Its Root is bujhy like to
thofe of the former Kinds, but f mailer, and dying
every Tear as they do. It grows up ivitb a reafona-
dtle ftrong jointed Stalk , full of a fpungy Pith ,
but not Downy as Millet is, having thereon , fome -
what large Leaves, greater by much than thofe of
Wheat, and very near to the large nefs of thofe of
Millet, fo that they can hardly be di ft ingulfed.
At the toy of the Stalk comes forth a whit if , long ,
round, clofe Spike , round at the end, foft , and
as it were hairy, with fmall fhort Branches , all
the length of it -, when it is full ripe and opened,
it is full of hairy Joft Husks , which include a
fmall white Gram , fomething lefs than that of
Millet, and not fo finning. 'The tar grows at top ,
ftngle, not unlike to the Spike or Ear of that laft
described, but much lefs.

VII. The fifth , i or Wild Panick. Its Root is
fmall and fibrous or thready. It grows up with
long , J, lender , jointed, Reedy Stalks, fet at the
Joints with long Leaves , like to thofe of Sorghum,

Panick Wild.

Or Indian Panick at Seft. V. aforegoing. The
Tuft or Feather like top, is like to the Common
Reed, or Ear of the Grafs called Ifchamon , or
Manna Grafs.

VIII. The Places. The firft three grow in
Gninny, as alfo in the Eaft and Weft Indies , and
flourilh admirably well in our Plantations in
America •, but of them the third Species is Princi-
pal, and that which is chiefly planted, not only
in Guinrty , but alfo with us in the Weft Indies ,
and is Sown in many Places throughout all
Europe, where it thrives very well. The fourth
grows in Germany , and with us in many place's
in Gardens. The fifth grows Wild in the hotter

Climates, but in England, it is preferved only in
manured Grpunds

IX. The Times. They are not to be Sown till
April, unlefs the \ ear be het: The fecond Kind
does not often come to Maturity here, but the
firft many times will, if the Summer is fealonable
and warm , and it be Sown in a ftrong and fat
Ground. But they profper belt in hot and dry
Climates, and are apt to wither with much
watering. The Grain is ripe about the beginning
of Auguft, and being full ripe when gathered,
may be kept good a long time, if It is carefully
preferved from the Wevil \ or other Vermin which
may eat it.

X. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations
and Virtues of the Grain are the fame with thofe
of Millet, in Chap. 491. Self. 8. ad 17. aforegoing,
to which I refer you. But Galen fays. That Mil-
let \s better to all purpofes than Panick, Tweeter
alfo in Talte, and eafier of Digeftion; but he fays,
that Country people feed thereon, as we do
of Wheat, being boiled in Milk, and lo eaten.
He alfo fays, That that which grows in Italy ,
exceeds in goodnefs, that which grows in
A fa.

XI. 1C ota. Johannes Leo, Hiflori* Africa, lays,
That in fome places in thole Countries, they
make very fine Bread of Panick. It is eaten too,
in our Weft Indies, where alfo we Feed our
Dunghil Fowls, Ducks, Geefe, Turkies, Pidgeons,
&c. therewith. The Bread made of the Meal or
Flower of Panick Hops Fluxes, by reafbh of its
very drying Quality or Property. A Cataplafm of
the Meal or Flower, is laid alfo to be cooling, and
dryings Strengthens the parrfs affe&ed, and re-
prefles a Flux of Humors.

XII. Panick boiled (cut Pliny fays ) in Goats
Milk, or in Cows Milk, which for all that I
know may do as well, being Eaten twice a
Day , flops Lasks or Fluxes of the Belly •
but this I fuppofe is to be underftood, whillt
the Difeafe is recent.

P AN AX, fee All-heal, Chap. 9, 10, £?’ii,
fee Wound-wort Hercules, Chap.
PANSIES, fee Hearts-Eafe, Chap. 34 6.
PAPER-PLANT, fee Paper-Plant, Lib. III.
PARK-LEAVES, fee Tutfan, Chap.

PARSLY-Corn, fee Hone-wort, Chap. 371.
PARSLY-Dogs, fee Hemlock Parfly Leav’d, Chaps

(

PARSLY Laughing, fee Pafque Flower, Chap. 543,-
PARSLY-PIRET, fee Knawel, Chap. 416.
PARSLY-Horfe, fee Alexanders, Chap. 7.
PARSLY-Water, fee Smallage, Chap.

CHAR

809

Chap. 5 38. ‘Englijh Herbs.

C H A I\ DXXXVIIf.

Of PAIINASSUS — GRASS.

0 R,

LIVER-WORT White.

1. ’T-' H E Karnes. It has no Greek Name: but

» is called in Ldtine, Gramcn RarnaJJi : and
in Englifh, Parnajfus Grafs.

IL T he Kind's. There are two Kinds of this
Plant, viz. 1. The fingle Flowered, which may
be called in Creek, i *(w:; which is

the Name Camerarius , ip 'his Epitome of Mat-
thiolm gives to our Unifo/ium or One Blade , but
very unjuftly: Matthiolus himfelf in his laid Epi-
tome calls it in Greek , 'At fvr/r mfuivus, which
he.afcribes to the true Plant, but with out any
Flower, which We here give you in the firft place:
fo that upon the whole it is much to be queltioned
whether our Parnajfus Graf here intended. Was
ever known to the Greeks -, however thefe Greek
Names will very well fuit with what we here offer
you : in Latin , it may be called Gramcn Parna/fi ,
and probably may be the right Gramen Parnajft Diof-
coridis. , (tho1 i think we cannot be pofitive of it : )
for Gcfncr in bonis Germania , fays, that the
right is not known to any in our Days:)
Cordus in his Hiftory of Plants calls it Hepatite
alba ; Lobe/, Gramcn Parnajfi bederaceum recentio-
rum : and Tabernemontanns , Gramen bederaceum
if f lot Hepaticum : Common Parnaiius Grafs.’

2. GramenParna/Ji Flore duplicato Lobelij : Parnaf
fus Grafs double Flowered.

Parnajfus Grafs of Mathiolm,

without Flowers.

The Dcfcriptmn -

III. The firft , or Common Parnaffus Grafs which
’.s 1 ingle Flowered. It has a Root confijhng of a
[trial l blatkifh fibrous Bufh of Threads , enduring all
the Wi nrer. From the Head of this Root rije tip
nany Leaves , not altogether round , but Jbapcd
below like the upper part of a Heart , broad
*in the middle , and ending in a point , feme.-
times fharp , and font dimes blunter like the
lower part of a Heart , f mailer and thicker than
Violet Leaves , not much unlike to fome Ivy Leaves ,
or Leaves of Afarabacca, but f mailer , and not of
fo dark a color , yet of a fr ef fort of green, every

Parnajfus Grafs Common
hngle Flowered.

one /landing on a long fool Stalk-, among which
there rife s up feveral /lender weak Stalks about
a boot high ft weak as that they arefcarcely
able to ft and upright, on which grow at the feveral
Joints, fuch like Leaves as the former, but frai-
ler and without any foot Stalk ; but joining them-
/elves fo cloft to the blower Stalk, that the faii
Stalk feems almoft to run thro ’ it. The lops of
the Stalk are naked and bare of Leaves unto
the flowers , for a good way. The flowers are
at the tops of the Stalks , and are white confifl-
ing of fve Leaves a piece , round at their ends
and not pointed: in the middle of which is a
frnal/ round green Head or Button, which the
flower being fallen, grows fomething larger , and
contains within it, fmall reddijh Seed.

JL

IV. The

8

IO

Salmon s ‘Herb ah Lib. I.

IV. The I recond , or Parnaffus Grafs doable
flower’d. T his fecond Kind docs anfwer the for-
mer almoft in all ref pelts, its Root , Leaves , and
Stalks being much alike, faving that in this , the
Leaves of the Riant are fomething larger and
the flower has a double row of Leaves one with-

Varnafus Graft double
Flowered.

in another , which makes the flower fhow double
the Leaves of which flowers both the inward and
outward are long and fharp pointed , otherwife
in its form and manner of growing this Plant is
like to the fir ft-, but it feldom gives any Seed
as the former does.

V. The Places. It is very probable that Par naff us
Graf grew formerly very plen/ifully upon Mount
Parnaffus , from whence it leems to take its Name,
where Cattle feeding became fat and in good liking,
as they do when they feed upon Clover Grafs , or
St. foine with us. The firft grows in moift, marfhy
Ground, in England. It grows very plentifully in
Lanfdall , and Craven in the North parts of Eng-
land: at Doncajier , and in Thornton Fields in
the fame County : in the Moors near to Linton
by Cambridge : at Hejfet and Drinkfione alfo - in
Suffolk , in the Butchers Clofe thereby; in a
Medow clofe on the back fide of the Parfonage-
Houfe at Burton : and at the bottom of Barton
Hills in Bedford-fhire : in the Boggy Ground
below the Red Well of Wellingborough in North -
ampten-fhire : and in the Caftle-fields of Barwick
upon Tweed , where it is found plentifully:
in the middle of the great Town Field of Had-
dingtonr, about a Mile from Oxford: in a Pafture
next unto Botley , in the High-way, on the other
fide of Oxford •, and in feveral other places. The
fecond was found growing in Brabant in Flan-
ders : but with us only in Gardens.

VI. The Times. They Flower about the mid-
dle and latter end of July, and the Seed is ripe
about the middle or end oF Augufi.

VII. The Realities. It is cold and dry in the
beginning of the firlt Degree, Abfferfive, Aperi-
tive, of thin parts, Diuretick, Nephritick, Vul-
nerary, and Alexipharmick.

VIII. The Specification. It is prevalent againlf
the Stone, Sand, Gravel, and Tartarous Matter
in the Urinary parts, provokes Urine, gives eafe
in the Strangury , ftrengthens the Stomach, flops
Vomiting and Fluxes of the Bowels : abated
Inflamations, flops Bleeding, and cures fimple Green
Wounds.

IX. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, i. A Liquid Juice of the Herb and Roots.
2. A Decoflion of the fame. 2. An Ophthalmick.
4. A Louder of the Seed. 5. A Cataplafm .

The Virtues.

X. The Liquid Juice of the Leaves or Root.
Paulus JEgineta fays, that ParnaJJus Grafs is mo-
derately cold, of thin parts, and fomewhat fowre.
The Juice thereof does diffolve and expel Stones
and Gravel from the Reins and Bladder, and pro-
vokes Urine abundantly. It eafes the Torments
and Griping pains of the Bowels, and heals
Ulcers of the Bladder, it helps alfo againft
the Biting of any Venomous Beaft. It is good
to cool Inflamations of the Eyes, and to dry
up the running or watering of them. It is alfo
faid to be effeUual to eafe the Tooth>ach, being
held in the Mouth again!! the Tooth. It is alfo
applyed to flop the Bleeding of Green Wounds,
hinder or abate their Inflamation, and fuddenly to
confolidate and heal them being outwardly apply-
ed. Dole inwardly from 2, to 6, or 8 Spoonfuls
in any proper Vehicle.

XI. The Decoflion of the Herb and Roots. It
has all the Virtues of the Juice , but much weak-
er, and therefore may he given from a quarter
of. a Pint to half a Pint or more , Iweetned
with white Sugar Morning and Night.

XII. The Ophthalmick. Take of the Liquid
Juice 8- Ounces : Spirit of lid no 4 Ounces: Clari-
fied Honey two Ounces: mix and Diffolve. It has
all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice , as refpecl-
ing the1 Eyes : It abates their Inflamation and
watering, clears them from Miftinefs, Clouds,
and Films, and heals Sores or Ulcers of the
Eyes, tlfed as a Gargle it heals a Sore Mouth
and Throat, and gives eafe in the Tooth-ach.

XIII. The Poudcr of the Seed. It has all the
Virtues of the Juice in refpefl to the Stone
and Gravel in the Urinary parts, Strangury, &c.
and operates more forcibly than it. It llrengrhens
the Stomach, flops Vomiting, and cures any Flux
of the Bowels, being given in a convenient Ve-
hicle from 2 Scruple3 to a Drarn , or Dram and
half, in the Morning falling, and laft going to'
Bed.

XIV. The Cataplafm of the Herb and Roots. It
effedlually Hops the Bleeding of Simple Green
Wounds : and in a fhort time conglutinates their
Lips, and heals them.

CHAf

TH E Names. It is called in Arabic k.
Chars, Chares , and Charfi : in Greeki
'ilsre.v : in Latine , Apum, Lj Petrofelinum : and
in Englifh , Parjly. Here is to be obferved, that
tho’ formerly Apium, Was the proper and true
Name of Parjly, even when ufed iingly artd alone,
yet of late DayS, it feettis to be rejected, without
fome other Epithite be joined with it, as Apium
Hortenfe , which is our Common Parjly , whole
vulgar Name how is Petrofelinum ; and Apium ,
Amply fo called is with us only Smallage-, tho’ it is
alfo called Apiirn Pa/uftre , & Paludapium, or
Water Parjly.

11. The Kinds. Authors have given us many
Species of Parjly, as, I. siutn *»«"<►, Apium
Hortenfe, Garden Partly, of which in this Chap-
ter. 2. n iu&nmrw, Apium MaceJonictim, Petrofe-
limm Macedomcum, Stone Partly, or Macedonian
Partly, or Stone Partly, of which in Chap. 540.
3. sinm aytiov, i-uiuv Diofcoridis , Apium Agrefte
vel Sylveftre, Wild Partly, of which in Chap. 541.
4. 25A iv°v vobot, KoryjA; ; Apium nothttm, caucahs,
Ballard Partly, of which in Chap. 542. following.
To thefe we may add, ;. 'nrrofeirw , affirm,
Hippofelinum, Eqmpmm, Horfe Partly or Alexan-
der; of which in Chap. 7. aforegoing. 6. St mm
m, Selihutn Segetale , Stum Terr eft re , Stum
Segetum , Corn Partly, of which in Chap. 371.
aforegoing. 7- Siw»» yiumr, Apium Rifus, Pul-
fat ilia, Sardonian Partly, or Parity cauiing Laugh-
ter; Pafque Flower-, of which in Chap. 543.
8. T.hmv ’iwJ'&v : ihat’-A.uuv, Apium paluftre , Palu-
dapittm , Smallage, of which in Chap. fol-

lowing.

HI. The Kinds of the Garden Parjly. There are
four forts of Garden Parjly common with us, viz.
I. Petrofelinum vulgar e, Apium hortenfe , Selinum
hortenfe Diofcoridis ; Apium Veterum , Apium Do-
mefticum, Our common Garden Partly. 2. Petro-
felinum Crifpum, Apium multifidum, Apium Crif-
pum. O' Apium hortenfe Crifpum, Curl’d Partly.
3. Petrofelinum majus, Petrofelinum Virginianum,
Apium majus Virginianum , Virginia Partly. 4.
Petrofelinum Creticum , Apium Creticum , Partly
of Crete or Candy.

The Descriptions.

IV. The jirft, or Our common Garden Partly.
It has a Root which is white and long, with fome-
what a rugged Bark, which is as Aromatical as the
Herb is, very pleafdnt to the Tajie, and agreeable
to the Stomach, and perijhes after Seed time. From
this Root fpring forth many Stalks of frejh , green
winged Leaves, divided into [everal ports , fir ft
into three parts or Leaves from the middle Stalk ,
and then each of them, into three parts or Leaves
again, fomewhat roundijh , and finely l, 'nipt about
the edges. The Stalk rifes much higher in fome
places than in others, according to the goodnefs
of the Soil in which it grows, with divers f mailer
Leaves at the Joints , and ft ill finer cut, and at the
top long, almoft like Fennel, fo unlike to the former ,

that one would not think them to be Partly Leaves
The Flowers are white and fmall, growing in Urn-
bles, and the Seed is_ fmall, longijh , a little fur-
rowed of a whtiff brown color , and hot and fharv
m Tajte. r

V. The fecond , or Curl’d Parfly. This is alfo
a Garden Partly, and is in Tafte and Virtue like
and equal to the former. This fort differs not i»
any thing from the former (for that it grows after
the fame manner) but only in the Leaves which
are very finely erf fed or curled., or folded in on
the edges , feemmg like a Ruff, or Fanris of curled
feathers , whence came the Name.

VI. The third, or Virginian Parity. The Root
of this is greater and fhortcr than that of the Com-
mon K ind, and perijhes like it. The Plant grows
alfo after the very fame manner that the Garden
Parity does, but larger, having greater Stalks of
Leaves, fet by three and three, cu in the former
but much larger, even cu large as Smallage, and
of a paler, or yellower green color. The Stalks
Flowers, and Seed, are alfo like the firft, but ftifl
larger, the Seed being twice if not thrice as big or
large cu it. The Root tho' it perijhes after Seed
time, yet endures ufually the firft Tear oj its Sow.
mg : the Leaves as they are much larger ff thev
are alfojomethmg rounder : and. the Stalk grows
to be fometimes three Feet high, tobich fpread
themfelves out -into fundry Branches, on which
grow Vmbles of whuff Flowers. The Seed when
ripe falls and commonly Sows it ft elf and bringing

far after its Soloing.

P^rgjrna Parfly « now become natural to out
tngliln Uime, and being of cu good ufe cu the firft
ts grown a/mojt cu common cu it. 3

VII. The fourth, or Cretick or Candy Parfly.
Its Root k always Jingle, or but one, of the thick -
nps °J. a Wans Thumb , long and covered with a
thin Kind or Bark , of a blackrjh color, zohichntav

5 L 2

3 1 2 Salmon s nerbal. Lib. I

be rubbed off with ones Finders, being white under-
neathand of a [wee tiff: Tafia, like unto our Earth
Nuts, and is often eaten by the Natives : it lives
and continues after Seedtime , footing forth afrejh
every year. In its manner of growing , it is very
like to our Common Garden P.irily, but leffer in
every part , having Leaves made and cut into fuch
like Divisions , but leffer , and fome thing thicker.
The Stalk i* like, but Shorter than in our Common
Parfly, bearing fuch like Tufts or U/nbles of white
Flowers after which follows f mailer Seed than that
of Parllv, but blacker.

VIII. 'Not a. There is another Species of this
Candy Parfly, but it differs nothing from that laid
deferibed, but in the color of its Root, which is
reddifh on the out fide, and not black as the former •,
This Flowers and Seeds alio earlier than the others,
and its Root is as fit to be eaten. The Country
People in Candy call it Agnopaftica, i. e. Paftinaca
Sylveftris, but it has no likenefs to, or refemblance
of a Parfnep.

IX. The Places. The Names of fome of thefe
fhow whence they full came } but they all of them
grow in our Gardens in England, where they thrive
admirably well. They delight to grow in moift
and watery Grounds , near Fountains and Springs
and other moift places: and Fuch ft us fays, that
Parfly is found growing of it felf in many Fenny
Grounds in Germany.

X. The Times, ft may be Sown in the Spring,
but it comes {lowly up * and in its growing may be
often cut and crop’d : if it Sows it felt, yet it
brings forth its Stalk bur in its fecond Year, after
which, it Flowers in June or July, and the Seed
is ripe in July and Auguft , after which the
Root?(except in the Candy Kind) dies away and
perifhes.

XI. 'T he Qualities. The Leaves and Roots of
Parfly are hot and dry in the fecond Degree, bur
the Seed in the third Degree. It is Aperitive, Ab-
fterfive, Attractive, Carminative, Digeftive, Dif-
cuffive, Diuretick, Cephalick, Neurotick, Stoma-
tick, Nephritick, Hyllerick, Emmenagogick, Alexi-
pharmick, Analeptick, and Spermatogenetick.

XII. The Specification. It is peculiar again!!
the Cholick in the Stomach and Bowels, expells
Wind, opens obftru&ions of the Liver, Spleen,
Reins and Womb, gives eafe in the Srangury }
provokes Urine, is laid to break and expel the
Stone, Gravel, Sand and Tartarous Slime } is pro-
fitable again!! the Jaundice, Dropfy, and Falling
Sicknefs, provokes the Terms in Women, faci-
litates the Birth, and refills and expels Poifon.

XIIL T he Preparations. Of this Plant the Leaves,
Roots, and Seed are all ufed : the Leaves are weak-
ell : the Roots are next in flrength : and then the Seed
which is the llrongeft of all. Thefe following forms
may be made of the whole, viz. A Liquid. Juice,
of Leaves or Roots, i. An Effence of the fame.
3. A Decottion of the Roots. 4. An Infufion of the
Seed. 5. A Ponder of the Seed. 6. A Compound
Decottion from Tragus. 7. An Oil of the Leaves,
Roots or Seed by Deco ft ion. 8. A Cataplafm of all
the three. 9. A Difi tiled Water of the whole
Plant. 10. A Spirituous Tintture of the Seed. 1 1 .
An Acid Tintture of the fame. 12. An Oily
Tintture thereof. 1 3. A Chymical Oil of the Seed.
14. Potefatcs or Powers of the Seed. 1$. An
Elixir of the fame.

The Virtues.

XIV. The Liquid Juice of the Leaves or Roots.
It is comfortable to the Stomach, eafes the Stran-

gury, and powerfully provokes Urine and Womens
Courfes: expels Wind whether in the Stomach or
Bowels, and does a little open the Body, making
the Belly Soluble. It is a lingular Aperitive, and
opens ObftruClions of Lungs, Liver, Spleen, Reins
and Womb} and therefore is mixt with Solutives
or things which move the Belly downwards. The
Root is one of the five opening Roots ; and there-
fore the Juice thereof muff he profitable againft all
Difeafes proceeding from ObflruClion. Dofe 4 or
6 Spoonfuls Morning, Nooon, and Night, either
alone , or mixt with a Glafs of White Port, or
Lisbon Wine.

xv- Effence of the fame. It has all the
V irtues of the Liquid Juke, and more powerful
to the Intentions: befides which, itisfaid to break
the Stone whether in Reins or Bladder, as alfo' to
expel Stones, Gravel, Sand or Tartarous Matter
from the Reins and Bladder. It eafes the pain of
the Stomach, refills and expels Poifon. and is
good againft the Bitings of Mad Dogs, Serpents
or other Venemons Creatures : It helps fuch as
have been hurt by taking of Litharge-, fiiDpreffes
Vapors in Women, which ofFend the Head and Eyes
and is profitable againft the Dropfy and Yellow
Jaundice. Dofe 2 or 3 Spoonfuls or more, Morn-
ing and Evening in a Glals of Wine.

XVI. T he Decoflion of the Root. It is a power-
ful Aperitive, and opens all Obftruaions of the Vif-
cera, having all the Virtues of the Juke and
Effence : but as it is a much weaker Preparation
io tt mult be given m a much larger Dofe, with a
continuandp, as from 4 to 8 or 10 Ounces Morn-
ing and Night.

XVII. The Louder of the Seed. It may be
given from a Dram to 2 Drams Morning and
N ght againft the Stone, Gravel, Sand, and Glu-
tinous Slime in the Urinary parts, and is very
effectual to expel the fame; and alfo to provoke
Urine and the Terms in Women: to give eafe in
the Cholick, Gripings of the Guts, and After-
pains of Women in Child-Bed : It eafes pains in
the Stomack and Bowels, proceeding from Wind
and has all the Virtues of the Juice , Effence and’
Decottion.

XVIII. The Infufion of the Seed. It eafes the
Gripings of Infants, and may be given againft all
the Difeafes for which the ltecoliion is given :
Dole Morning , and Evening , from 6 Ounces
to 8, a little dulcified with double Refined
Sugar.

XIX. The Compound Oecothon of Tragus. Take
Seeds of Parfly, Anife , Carratvaies, Eennel, of each
an Ounce : of the Roots of Parfly, of Saxifrage, of
Carratvaies , of Burnet , of each an Ounce and ha f-
let the Roots be viajhed. and chopt fmalfand the Seeds
bruifed: let them infufe ahiight or two in 2 Quarts
of White Port Wine: after which, gently boil altoge-
ther in an Earthen Veffel dofe cover’d with an
Alembick head, till about a third part is availed -
then jlra'm out, and let tt Jlani to fettle. This
opens ObftruUions of the Liver, Spleen, Reins
and Womb, prevails againft the Falling-Sicknefs
and forces away the Morbifick Matter of the’
Jaundice and Dropfy by Urine, curing thole Dif-
eafes in a fhort rime. Dole 4 Ounces at a time
firft and laft Morning and Night.

XX. The Decoded Oil oj Leaves, Roots, or
Seed. It is Anodyn, or an eafer of Pain, difeufles
recent Tumors, alleviates pains of the Gout, and
takes away black and blew Marks, coming by
means of Bruifes, Falls, and the like. Anointed
upon Womens Breafts, which are Swelled, Pain-
ful and hard with their Milk, it abates the Tumor,
Difaifles the Humor, and eafes thepain thereof.

XXL

Chap. 540. 'EngUjh Herbs.

81

3

XXI. The Cataplafm of the Leaves , Roots, or
Seed , or all of them. Applyed it gives eafe in the
Gout, difcufles and cures fimple recent Contuiions :
laid to Womens 1'woin and hard Breafts, it foftens
the Tumor and Difcufles it: and applyed to the
Eyes, which are inflamed with heat, or fwoln, it
quickly gives eafe and relief, more efpecially if
Early Flower be mixed therewith.

XXII. The D filled Water of the whole Riant.
it is a familiar Medicine with Nurfes to give their
Children, when they are griped in their Stomach
or Belly with Wind, or (harp Humors, which they
call the Frets, and is no lefs available than Saxi-
frage Water for that purpofe, as alfo for thofe
which are of elder Years. Riverius (as I remem-
ber) commends it as an admirable thing, (a few
grains of Salt of Tartar being di Helved in it) againft
the Stone, Sand, Gravel, Strangury, and other like
Diftempersof the Urinary paflages

XXIII. The Spirituous Tintture of the Seed. It is
admirably Somatick,caufes a good Appetite and Di-
geftion, expels Wind, and eafes the gnawing pains of
that Bowel; and is very profitable againft Fainting,
Swooning, Convulfions, Colick, and the like : Dofe
almoft half a Spoonful in a Glafs of Wine, Morn-
ing and Night.

XXIV. The Acid Tintture of the Seed . It is
profitable againft Vapors, and Fits of the Mother,
weaknefs and ficknefs of the Stomach , want of
Appetite and Digeftion : It is fingular againft all
Sorts of Poifons-, cures all forts of Burning and
Malign Fevers, and refills the Poifon and Malig-
nity of the Plague or Peftilenceit felf, and' all forts
of Peftilential Fevers. Dofefo many drops at a time
(in all that the Sick drinks) as may give it a
grateful or pleafing Acidity.

XXV. The Oily Tintture of the fame. It power-
fully provokes Urine and the Terms : gives prefent
eafe in the Strangury, Stone, Gravel, Tartar, Lfc.
obftrufting the Urinary paflages. It facilitates the
Birth of a Woman in Labor, forces away the After-
Birth, and prevents or eafes After-Pains: Dofe
from 15 to 30,. or 40, or more Drops, dropt into
Sugar, and then mixt With Fenny Royal Water ,
or other Vehicle proper for the Patient.

XXVI. The Cbymical Oil of the Seed. It po-
tently cures the Cholick, all inward pains of the
Stomach and Bowels, Convulfions, Palfys, Carus,
Lethargy, and other Difeafes of the Head, Brain,
and Nerves, proceeding from obftruUions, cold |
and moifture, or other remote and hidden Caufes.
It forces away the Birth, and After-birth, and gives
prefent relief in the Strangury, Stone, Gravel, or
any obftru&ion or heat of Urine. Dofe from 8
drops to 1 6 drops or more, to be taken in the fame
manner, and in the like Vehicle, asis directed in the
giving of the' Oily Tintture aforegoing.

XXVII. The Powers. They may be given from
a Dram to 3 Drams or half an Ounce in any pro-
per Vehicle Morning and Night againft the Cholick,
Convulfions , Palfy , Stone, Strangury, and all the
Difeafes for which the Juice, Effence, Decottions ,
Tintture s, or Chymical Oil are given : This Medi-
cament is more pleafant than any of them, and
operates with much more fpeed.

XXVII. The Elixir. This has all the Virtues
of the Powers, and more potent in its operation,
and therefore may be given from 1 Dram to 2
Drams in a Glafs of Wine, Morning, Noon and
Night, or when extreamity or occafion may require
it, either in a Glafs of Wine, or in any other fit
Vehicle. ’Tis indeed an admirable Preparation.

CHAP. DXL.

Of P A R S L Y Macedonian.

0 R,

Mountain P A R S L Y.

Tif E Karnes. It is called in Greek.
n*T esrirmr, SiA/m MavJbmir; MnuJb,’,.

Lati/ie , Apium Macedonicum Petrapium
. Selmuni , vel Fetrofelinum Macedonicum : and
in hnglijh, Macedonian Parjly , Mountain Far fly.
and Stone Parjly. . .

P- She Kinds. What the Macedonian Farjly
or Stone P arjfy of Dio/corides was , is hard now
to determine, by reafon he is fo deficient in his
Delcription thereof: what our Modern Authors
account for the fame, we (hall here give you;
two kinds of which they have Defcribed to
us , viz. 1. Fetrofelinum Macedonicum quibufdam ,
The firft iuppofed Stone Parfiy of Macedonia, and
that it was thought to be, by Matthiolus , Label
Doioneus, Lugiunenfis , Fabernzmontanus . and
Lajtor Dunwtes, in their times, and ftill continues
to be thought io in our Days, and that defervedly-
tor that the forms of the Roots, Stalks, Leaves
flowers and Seed, fo nearly relembles our Common
str/Iy, and the qualities of the Seed are anfwera-
ble to the properties which Galen does appropriate
to it. Fetrofelinum Macedonicum forte Dale-
yhampij , The fecond fuppofed Stone Partly of
Macedonia ; this feems to be the Fetrofelinum
Flint;, and differs from the former, in the form
ot the Leaves, as being finer cut than any of them
tor which reafon as I fuppofe it is that Baubinus
calls it Apium Montanum folio tenuiore , but agrees
much with it, in the qualities, (harpnefs and bit-
rernefs of the Seed. Now becaufe thefe Stone
Farjhes grow upon Hills and Mountains they
may properly enough be called alfo Oreofelina or
Apia Montana Mountain Parflies. III. But of
the Mountain Parfiy , properly fo called, there are
leveral Kinds, which by reafon they are altogether
of the fame Nature and Qualities with the for-
mer, we (hall take the Liberty to Treat of them
in this place, the chief of which are the three fol-
lowing, viz. 3. 'Of tioinmr JVsi/tt, Oreofelinum
vulgatitts , Mont apium, Apium Montanum vulgatius
Oreofelinum Dodonti-, Oreofelinum majus Lobelif-
Clufij & hugdunenfis ; Apium Montanum Da/e-
chainpij , The more Common Mountain Partly
4. <Qf»rixin» amlirly, Apium Montanum veri-
us Selmum Feregrinum Clufij , Baubino ; Apium
Feregrinum Cicuue folio Bauhini , The truer
Mountain Parfiy, or the Oreofelinum verum Dial-
coridis. ;. Oreofelinum Parifenftum Lugdunenfis ■
Apium Montanum Farifenjium : Apium Montanum
Nigrum, The Paris, or Black Mountain Parfiy.

The Def criptions.

III. The fil l}, or Firft fuppofed Stone Partly
of Macedonia. Its Root is fmewbar thick, Jhon
and white, perifbing in our Country , after it hae
yielded its Seed, tho’ not fo as it is /aid, in the

8 1 ^ Salmon s ‘Herbal. Lib. L

wanner Climates where it is a 'Native, hr on this
Root fpring up fever al Stalks of Leaves , next to ,
or lying upon tl>c Ground, winged and divided into
parts, much like to (he COfrimon Gardeh Parity, but
with greater, broader , and rounder Leaves, dented
round about, and in fame places more ■ deeply cut in

barfly Macedonian.

or gafht , of a bright pale green color: among which
rifes up, a Jhort, thick, and feme what hairy Stalk,
about half a Lard high or higher, full of Joints
and Leaves and fo fore ad out into Branches, that
it f cents a fmall thick bujh : at the tops of all which j
are fmallXJmbles of whit if blowers, and after them,
fmall, rough, dark, grayijh Seed, Jomething like un-
to our Common Garden Parity Seed, efpecially
after the rough nefs is rubbed from them , yet fome-
what longer and darker, of an aromatick or fbarp
Tafie, with an unfavory bitternefs lafi of all, not
much unlike to Cumin Seed.

IV. The fecond, or fecond fuppofed Stone
Parity of Macedonia. Its Root is long ( as Co-
lumna fays ) like that of our Garden Parity, and
black on the out fide, with a tuft of hairs at the
Head thereof, neither fbarp, nor fiveet , (but Co
lumna fays it is more fbarp and bitter, than the
Root of the Garden Parity : ) From this Root rife up
feveral /lender Stalks of winged Leaves , having
fever al very thin cut Leaves thereon, all cf
them like the uppermofi , and not the undermoji
leaves of the Common Garden Parity, or like un-
to Dill, of a blew green color , having three of the
Leaves always fet together, at the end of the
winged Stalk, as Parity has, andfmelling fo like
■ unto Parity, as both Columna and Lugdunenfis do
fay, that if it is fmelt to, when a little bruifed,
tho" the F erf on was blinded and did not fee it , yet
they would judge it to be Parity, fuch as toe com-
monly ufe. At the tops of the Stalks grow fmall
Urnbles of pale reddijh or blufb colored Flowers -,
after which follow fmall Seed , like to that of

Parity, Jomething biackifh, and furrowed or gu:-
tered like unto Cummin. Seed, of a very fbarp Ta<h\
almofi burning the Mouth, and of a Jwcct Smell
Buffo bitter witha/l, that it may well be accounted
the mofi bitter Seed of all the kinds of Parity. This
Kind is taken by Dalechampius, to be the True
Parity of Macedonia, to which Columna f cents to
confcnt.

V. The third, or the more common Mountain
Parity. The Root, cf this Plant is long, great and
thick, with a bufb of Flairs at the top thereof, being
fweet of Tajle, fbarp and Aromatic al : from whence ■
fpring up feveral reddijh Stalks of large fpread
Leaves, winged and divided into feveral parts, /v-
mg like a bujh upon the Ground next the Root, very
like unto Garden Parity, but fometbing larger, and
Cm el ling we If From among which rifes up a Chart
Stalk of about half a Lard high , with divers the
like Leaves upon it, branching or f presiding it felf
out towards the top, and bearing thick ' Tufts or
Umbels of white blowers-, after which comes fmall
Seed, like , that cf Smallage, f melting a little Jwcct
fbarp in Tajle, and bitter withall.

VI. The fourth, or Truer Mountain Parity of
Diofcorides. The Root of this is fmall, long, and
white, not much differing from 'that of Common
Garden Parity .* from whence Jhoot forth next the
Ground feveral Stalks of winged Leaves , and
among them a hollow Kexie Stalk , in fame places,
growing tall and high, in others more Jhort and low,
according to the Soil in which it grows-, having
thereon feveral large fpread Leaves, cut and di-
vided feme thing like to thofe of Hemlock, or Gar-
den Parity j bearing at the top , Umbels of white
Flowers -, after which comes the Seed, which is long
and biackifh, not much unlike to Cummin Seed, being
fwcct in Smell, and fbarp in Tafie.

VII. The fifth, or Paris, or Black Mountain
Partly. Its Root is Urge, white , and thick, tafting
and fuelling much like to the Root of Herb Terrible
which is hot, bitter, and unpleafemr. The whole
Plant does referable our Common Garden Partly,
lying thick, and bujhing on the Ground: the
flowers gram at the Tops of the Stalks and'Branches
in Umbels, of a white color : after which comes th»
Seed, which is fixup m Tajle , but fmelling very
fweet.

VIII. The Places. The firft grows in Candia
and Venice, and the Seed has been brought Horn
thence to us. The fecond grows (as Lugdunenfis fays)
on the Rocky Hills of Gratianopolis j and (as Co-
lumn,! fays) on the Hills of Campoclarenfis and:
JEquicolis: with us they both grow in Gardens
where they flourifh very well. The third, or firjl
Mountain Parfly grows near unto Vienna in AuJIrm
(as Clufws fays) and on the Mountains on the
Rocks in Germany, and other Places. Dodonoeua
fays, it grows upon the Hills which divide Silefta
from Moravia : alfo it is faid to be found on other
Hills and Mountains in the North parts of England.
The fourth, or fecond Mountain Parfly , is- found1
on the borders of Fields on the Mountains- of Bur-
gundy. The fifth, or third Mountain Parfly, is
found on the Tandy top of the Surene hill near
Paris: but theft two lalt grow with us only in-
Gardens.

IX. The Times. The two firft Flower in the'
Summer Months, but Seed late with us. The
other three Flower alfo in the Summer time and
yield their ripe Seed foon after.

X. The Qjiahties, Specification, Preparations and-
Virtues of thefe Species; are the fame with
thofe of Our common Garden Parfly, declared in
Chap. 539. juft aforegoing, fo that we need fay no
more of them hete.

XI. A ota

Chap. 541. Engliflj 'Herbs .

8.5

XI. JYcra. t. But it is here to be obferved,
that the two firft Kinds of Macedonian Stone
ParJJy are much ftronger, and much exceed our
Garden ParJJy, in their properties and eftefts.
And fome have thought that the Mountain Kinds,
exceed hlfo the Macedonian in their Virtues and
Operations : however this is certain, that they all
of them exceed the Common Garden Kind by many
Degrees , and are therefore to be chol'en before it, it
they can be had.

XII. Kota. 1. Galen fays, that the Seed of the
Macedonian Stone Partly is molt inufe: The Herb
and Root are alfo ufed alike, but are of a weaker
property than the Seed , which is very (harp in
Talte and bitter alfo , hot in quality, and of an
attenuating and inciding property withall, for
which reai'on it mightily provokes Urine, and Wo-
mens Courfes : warms and comforts the inward
parts, being hot and dry in the third Degree,
and therefore expels Wind. It is profitable againlt
Wind and Belchings in the Stomach, as alfo the
Wind Colick, and gives eafe in the griping pains
and torments of the Bowells ; as alio in Stitches
and pains of the Sides and Spleen, and the excru-
ciating torments of Stone and Gravel, whether in
the Reins or Bladder, being put into thofe Medica-
ments which provoke Urine.

XIII. Kota. 3. Diofcoridcs fays, That Moun-
tain ParJJy provokes Urine, if the Root and Seed
be taken in Wine. It brings down alfo Womens
Couries, and is put among thofe Medicines which
expel Sand , Gravel and Stone; and by its heat,
warms and comforts fuch parts as are weakned by
cold and moifture. Galen fays. It operats like to
Smallage, hut it is more effeflual. Dodonaus fays,
That the firft Mountain Parjly is hot and dry in
the end of the fecond Degree, or beginning rather
of the third, and is good for many things. That
it does incide, and attenuate, or make thin, thick
and grofs Humors ; that it cuts tough and clammy
Flegm, opens obltruffions of the Liver and Spleen,
provokes Urine, and Womens Courfes; breaks
and expels the Stone; and is profitable againlt the
Yellow Jaundice : And being chewed in the Mouth,
that it draws away much watery Humor and eafes
the Tooth-ach.

CHAP. DXLI.

Of PARSLY Wild.

I. 'T' H E Karnes. It is called in Greek,
X Si uMijtiiti in Latine , Selinum vel Pe-
irofelinum Sylveflre ; Apium Agrejie vel Sylveflre ;
and in Englijb , Wild Parjly.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral Kinds of this
Plant as, 1. XiewMivaf. Sifon vttlgarc ; Sinon Ga-
le ni Sinnon Hippocratis, (fo that Sifon and Sinon,
be but one Plant, as Cordt/s dees alfo acknowledge
{mall Wild Parjly. The Ignorance of many Ger-
man Apothecaries took the Seed of this to be
Amentum, as T ragtis, Gefner , and others affirm,
but very Erronioully; and fo they called it Amo-
mum Germanicum : f'ucbfius and Boiomtus cal-
led it, P etrofelinum Maceionicutn, which is yet
as great a Miftake as the former. 2. Sifum
Qdoratum Alpini , Sweet Wild Parflv. 3. emeeim.
? sr, {tiiietr Jywv : T TiyJJelinm Plirtij , Apim Syl-

veflre, Jagged Parfly, Wild Parily with fmall
jagged Leaves, Wild Parily, Wild Milky Parfly
Gefner in Horlis calls it Battens Pa/ufiris ; it is
the Olfenichium Cordi, (fo called from the German
Name, OJenick:) Apium Sylveflre Bodomei, &
Kugdunenfis ; ( but both Bodonn/s and Lobe l lay,
that in former times it was Ulcd in the Shops for
Meum or Spignel: ) Baubimis calls if, Apium Syl-
veflre Succo 1 alien turgens , which we render in
Englijh, Wild Milky Parfly, to dittinguifii it from
the other forts of Wild Partly.

The Dcfcriptioit.

•

III. The fir ft, or Small Wild Parfly, Common
Wild Parfly. Its Root grows down deep, and fpreads :
every way, by which means it takes fajl hold of the'
Ground, and abides long. It rifes up with a tall
l lender Stalk , fcarccly able to fi and upright 'without
help, thinly Jet with winged Leaves on its Branches,
the lower Leaves being larged, and feveral being
Jet on a Stalk on both fides , eacfj of which is as
fmall almod, as the Leaves of our Common Ammi,
or Bifli ops Weed -, fome whereof will be cut in on
the edges more or lefs, and fome not cut in at all-,
but all of them dented about the edges. At the
tops oj the Stalks and Branches, grow fmall Um-
bels of white Flowers, which turn into Jmall black -
ijh Seed, fometbing lejfer than Parfly Seed, but
of a ftrong Scent , and of a quicker , and hotter
Table.

IV. The fecond, or Sweet Wild ParIJy. Its Root
is long 3 white and /lender-, from whence fprings
forth a Jingle Stalk, about three Feet high, with
long Fennel like Leaves at the Joints, which have
a fwcet Stnell, between that of Dill and Fennel,
At the top oj the Stalk and Branches, are fmall
Umbels oj white Flowers , which are thin fet. Af-
ter which follows the Seed t which is fmall, black,
of a good fmell, and bitterijh in Tajle, fomewhat
like to Smallag Seed. This Plant is called Odora-
rum, or fweet Scented, to difiinguifh it from the
former Sifon vulgare, tho7 I am apt to believe , that
this is not the Sifon verum Diolcoridis. Some have
thought alfo that this Herb was the Sefeli Mafll-
lienle , dr Hart-wort of Marfellis , but were
miflaken.

V. The third , or Jagged Parfly, Wild Parfly
with jagged Leaves, or Wild Milky Parfly. Its
Root fpreads its felf out into many long Strings
and Fibres , blackifh without , but white within
and running deep into the Ground, fome what like
unto Meum, or Spignel, abiding or living many
Tears. This Kind of Wild Parfly, has feveral
large, well fpread winged Leaves, fometbing re-
fembling thofe of Garden Parfly, *. but are divided
into more parts, and each divifion hath f mallet
Leaves , which look l as if they were cut or jagged
into fmall parts : from among which , rifes up an
hollow flraked Stalk a Tard high , reddifh towards
the bottom, fometimes with the' like Leaves at the
Joints , where it Branches out diversely, bearing
at the tops of the Stalks and Branches, thick Umbels
of white Flowers , reddifh on the one fide , and pale
on the other, and after them fiat Seed, fomewhat
like unto Parfnep Seed, but a little lefs, hot in
Tafte, and fomewhat Aromatical. The whole Plant,
and every part thereof , if broken in any part ,
yields a Milky Juice.

VI. The Places. The firft was formerly thought
to be 3 Foreign Plant, the Seed being to be had

in

8i 6

' • ■ - j r

Salmon s Herbal Lib, L

in the Apothecaries Shops in Germany , under the
Title of Amomum , or asfome have had it, ./itfto-
bium Germanic um, tho’ it was no more that Seed
than it was Anife Seed : but afterwards, as Gcfner
-in Hortis (hews, it was found growing Wild in
fundry places in Germany , as it has been found in
like manner growing with us, near Hedges, by
moift Ditches, almolt every where. The fecond
grows with us only in Gardens . The third is found
by Ponds fid es, in Ditches alfo having in them
(landing Water , in moift and matfhy or moorilh
Grounds, and in Water-Courfes-, alfo in moift
Woods, near the old Stocks of Alder Trees.

VII. The Times. They all Flower in June and
July , and the Seed is ripe in fome fhort time
after.

VIII. The Qualities , Specification , Preparations
and Vertues of thefe feveral Wild Par flies, are the
lame with thofe of our Common Garden Par fly ,
laving that in the effe&s, thefe are, or have been
found to be the more potent and operative.

IX. Not a. The Root of the third or Milky
Kind } as it is found to be hot and dry in the third
Degree $ fo being chewed in the Mouth, it draws
away much Rheum or pituitous Humor from the
Head Throat, Tonfils and parts adjacent, and in an
efpecial manner eafes the Tooth-ach. And this
Quality, Pliny fays, the Root of his Thyfj'ehnum is
endued withall. The other properties of the other
Wild Kinds , are, no doubt to be found in this,
and that to no lets effeft, as well to incide, as to
attenuate, be aperitive, and diuretick, forcibly
to provoke Urine, and the Terms in Women when
ftopt.

7 • Caucalis arvenfis latijolia purpttrea • Echinopho
ra major p/atyphy/los purpurea Column#, Baftard
Parfiy broad Leav’d, or the Greater with prickly
Seeds. '8. Caucalis tenuifolia purpurea ■, Echjno-
phora Lept ophyllon Column#, Baftard Parfiy the
Lelfer, Baftard Parfiy fine or fmall Leav’d, o.
Caucalis magno fruflu echinato - Echinophor a altera
ajperior platy catpos Column #• Caucalis Monfpelia-
ca Echinato frulfu magno Bauhini •, Lappa boa rid
Pliny ) Lugduncnfej. Caucalis fee undo Taber n <*-
nwntani •, Baftard Parfiy with great prickly Seed,
io. Caucalis major b/ore fat too rubentc Clufij ,
Baftard Paiily the greater deep red Flowered. 1 1.
Caucalis tenuifolia Montana , Baftard Mountain
Parfiy , with fmall fine Leaves. 1 2. Caucalis
Hifpanica Comer a ri] if Clufij ■, Gingidio congener
C.fjalpini • Caucalis Peregnna famine 1 it go lb
Spanifh Baftard Purfly.

T he Descriptions.

III. The flrfi , or Our Common Baftard Parfiy.
It has a Root which is firaight and Jingle , running
deep into the Ground , of a white color , and having
the tafie of a Parfnep. It rifes up with a fhort
Stalk, about half a Tard high, and Jet at the Joints,
with whitifh rough Leaves diver fly cut. It is a

Par fly Baftard ; or Caucalis.

CHAP. DXLII.

Of P A R S L Y Baftard;

0 R,

Hedge P A R S L Y.

I. H E Names. It is called in Greek , sU t-
X yov vbfjcr % in Latine, Selmum

not hum, Apium nothum, G Caucalis: in Euglifh ,
Baflard Parfiy , and Hedge Parfiy.

II. The Kinds. There are many Species of this
Plant, as, I. Caucalis vulgaris bloribus albis Lo-
belij $ Lappa agreftis Tragi , Lappula Canaria P li-
nt j Anguilara • Caucalis alba vulgaris G Myrrhis
Lappa Dalechampij Lugdunenfe Caucalis Dodon#i ,
Gefneri, ahorumque : mmg Echinophora Co-
lumn#', our Common Baftard Parfiy. 2. Caucalis
Anglica b'lore rubente-, Caucalis Apij foliis b'lore
rubro Gerardi j our Englifh Baftard Parfiy with
reddifil Flowers. 3. Caucalis Maxima Bauhini •
Cauculis major Clufij Caucalis maxima femine acu-
leata , the Greateft Baftard Parfiy, or Great rough
Parfiy. 4. Caucalis minor b'lore Rubente ■, Caucalis
minor flof cults rubentibus. Small Baftard Parfiy with
reddifil Flowers, Hedge Parfiy, as Gerard has it.
5. Caucalis nodjo femine echinato Dauoides minor
Cordi in Hifloria , G Thalij , Knotted Parfiy, lmall
Baftard Parfiy with knotted Joints. 6. Caucalis
folio Exnicuh ■, Caucalis Anguilara Lobelio-, Cau-
calis Pen# LugduneJC', Caucalis folio Peucedani
Bauhini * Baftard Parfiy Fennel Leav’J, Hogs Parfiy.

rough hairy Herb, not much unlike io Carrots!
The Leaves are parted into many fmall jaggs ’
f mailer than Parfiy, and much like to thoJe~ of
Coriander. At the top of the Branches grow Jwcet
. fhadedUthbles , or f poky Rurrd/es, corifijhng of many

fmalf

Chap. 5 4.2. 'Englijh ‘Herbs .

8

•7

J mall white Flowers, the outermofi being the great-
eft-, which being paft away, there follows roughs
prickly , round Seed , like Carrot Seed , but
greater , two always being joined together , which
makes them but half round when they are parted.

IV. The fecond , o/- Our Englifli Baftard Parfly
Vvith reddifh Flowers. Its Root is /mail and long ,
£«£//£ and hard , pcrifhing every Tear after Seed
lime. This Englifh Kind to be about two

Feet high) of an Olive with a ftrong ,

round, c refled, rough and hairy Stalk -, Jet at the
Joints ( which are two or three Inches af under)

Bafiard Barfy Englijh , red
flowered.

the Flower lye fix or feven fitch like fmall Flowers'
Ike Leaves being broken , give little or noTafte-
After the flowers are paft, come the Seed, which
are rough Burrs , J licking to any thing they touch ,
like the Seed of Hounds-Tongue, within which are
contained two brown Seeds, like unto hulTd Oats,
but larger .

V. The third , or the greateft Baftard Parfly,
or Great rough Parfly. Its Root is white, hard and
woody. From whence fpring up many upright tall
ere fled Stalks, three or four Feet or more high, be-
ing hollow within, and with divers Joints on them.
The fe Stalks are fpread out into fever al Branches 3
and at each Joint they fend forth long and large
winged Leaves, encompajfing their Stalks at the bot-
tom, which Leaves are large, and fomething like
thofe of Angelica but rougher , and of a darker
green, fet by couples on the middle Rib , and an odd
one at the end, all cf them finely cut or dented
about the edges. At the tops of the Stalks and
Branches , grow long Urnbles of whitifh Flowers
fomewhat of a purplifh , or blufh , or jlefh color un-
derneath, after which come very large and flat rough
Seed, almoft like that of Cow-Parfhep , but rough-
er, which is forked at the Head or Top, with a
double point, and prickly round about.

VI. The fourth, or fmall Baftard Parfly with
reddifh Flowers, or Hedge Parfly as Gerard has
it. Its Root is fmall and white -, from whence fpring
up fmall and rough Stalks, crefted dnd hollow, grow -

Parfly Eajlarcl fmall;
OR,

Hedge Parfly.

. Red Flower’d.

tsoith Leaves three or four Inches long, confifting of
(even or nine narrow hairy Leaves, fet by couples,
upon one middle Rib or Stalk, and one fingle Leaf
at end, fomewhat deeply dented about the edges-,
the foot of the Stalk being a broad thin Skin or
Film : and from between, it, and the Stalk, come -
forth lejjer Stalks of Leaves, towards the top,
parted into three or four Branches, which at three
Inches diftance, do each cf them, from one Center,
fhoot forth four, five, or fix equal Stems, about
an Inch and half long apiece , having a thin Skin,
running all the length of them, and the two in-
ner mo ft Strings, being of a dark red color , com -
pofing a Spoky Umbel of Flowers. At the tops of
each of them, grow five or fix long, rough , hairy,
fmall knops or bottoms, crouded with F 'lowers, of
a Pink red color, confifting of five leaves a piece -,
the outermofi whereof fhews like two, by the fold-
ing of it inwards -, and the inner four with five
Chives, and a double point el jhew not half fo big
<? it is when they are full blown. In the Center of

818 SalmonV HerbdL Lib. 1.

little iongifh ones , fet one againjl another , fnipt or
dented in about the edges , .-mi ending in a long and
Jharp pointed Leaf j »<?/ unlike to the winged
Leaves of Hemlock, but each of them broader ,
the end Leaf longefi: Thefe Leaves , <;j alfo the
Stalks , are rough and harjh , 0/ <2

<•0/0/*. .4/ the upper Joints of the Stalks come \
forth J lender Branches , bearing fparfed fmall Uni-
ties of reddifh Flowers : and fometimes more whit e.
which being pafl away , follows finally round

rough Seed , of fome what a ftrong and aromatic k
Tafte and Smell. It is an Annual FI ant , W
fprings up every Tear from its Seed , being Sown.

VII. The fifth, or Knotted Parity, fmall Ballard
Parfly with Knotted Joints. 1/ has a white long
and fmall Root , which perifhes every Tear , it
fpringing up again by the falling of the Seed ,
ther in the Field 0/- Garden, fvw# this Root fpring
up fever al ere fled, long , fmall, rough and trailing

Far fly Hedge Knotted.

Branches , which commonly\lye along upon the Ground,
fome longer , /oao Shorter, fome a Foot long, Jome
a Foot and half or more in length, which are fet at
feveral diftartces with long winged Leaves, which
are fmall , rough and deeply jogged, pretty deeply
cut or dented about the edges, having 3, 4, and
fometimes 6 couples or pairs of Leaves upon a
Wing, growing upon a middle Rib, with one jingle
Leaf J'omething larger than the rejl at the end
thereof. Thefe Leaves are rough , or a little
crumpled, but not hairy, and of an overworn, or
decayed green color . At the Jetting on of each
Leaf at the Joints, clofe to the Stalks, at every
Joint round about it, almofi clofe unto it, ufually
upon very Jhort joot-Stalks, come forth fmall
whitijh or reddijh Flowers , out of rough Husks,
conjifiing of Jive Leaves apiece-, after which follows
the Seed, which is fmall, round and rough, hard and
prickly, growing dofe to the Stalk.

VIII. Thefixtb, or Ballard Partly Fennel Leav’d,
Hogs Parfly. Its Root is j. Ingle , long and white,
running deep Otto the Earth, thrumed about the up-
per end, with many Fibres or Threads of a brown
color , which Root has the Tajie of 'a Parfr.ep,
From which rifes up divers Stalks full of Joint..,
covered with a (heath or skinny Film , like unto
that of Meum, rifing up to be about half a
Turd high. Gerard fays, The Leaves are finely cut
or jagged , rejembling the Leaves of Our Englifh
Saxifrage : But Parkinfon fays. That both in Stalk
and Leaf it is very like unto Fennel. At the tops
of the Stalks it bears fpoky Rund/es, or Vmbles of
white fweet fmclling Flowers, fet clofe together ,
like thofe of Fennel alfo ; which being paji away
the Seed is produced , not rough like the for met ,
but fmall like that of Parfly.

IX. The feventh, or Ballard Parfly broad Leav’d,
or the Greater, with prickly Seeds. It r Root 1)
white, hard, and Aromatical , which fends jorth
feveral Stalks of hard rough Leaves, divided into
five parts, each leaf being three Inches long, and
an Inch broad, deeply dented in on the edges, fome-
what like unto Oaken Leaves. The Stalk is rough
and hoary, two Feet long, fo ere fed that it feems
fquare , bearing at the lops , Vmbles of F lovers,
/landing three together, upon pretty Jhort and thick
Stems. The Flowers are red like the next follow-
ing, but greater , having fmall Leaves tike Beards
under them : after which follows the Seed VeJJe/r ,
being J mailer than the next Species , and not fo
rough, containing fuch like Seed within them, but
fmaller and Aromatical.

X. The eighth , or Ballard Parfly tile Leffer, or
Ballard Parfly fine or fmall Leav’d. The Root is
like the former but lefjer. The Leaves are moji
finely cut into feveral parts like unto Wild Carrots.
The Vmbles of Flowers grow at the tops of the
Stalks and Branches, and J land three and three at
a place, and fo the Seed after them. The Kernel or
Seed within the husk, is Something like to Hull'd
Barly.

XI. The ninth, or Ballard Parfly with great
prickly Seeds. Its Root is fmall and white, and
fomething Sweet both in Tajie and Smell. The
Leaves hereof are divided fomething like to thofe
of the Greater Parfly Leav’d Daucus , and hairy
underneath : The Stalk is about two Feet high, and
fomewhat rough , having the like Leaves at the
Joints upward, but fmaller, bearing fmall Vmbles
of whitijh Flowers, funding three together, and
perfeSing ufually but two Seeds on them, which are
twice its big as others, and more rough and prickly,
having a large flat Kernel within it.

XII. The tenth, or Ballard Parfly the Greater,
deep red Flower’d. - This Great red Flowered
Kind hat larger winged Leaves than the twelfth
Species, or Spanifll Kind following, being divided
and cut in, after the manner of our Burner Saxi-
frage Leaves. The Flowers hereof, are larger than
thofe of the firft fort , or our Common Ballard
Parfly but each | of an equal bignefs, and of a deep
red color.

XIII. The eleventh, or Ballard Mountain
Parfly with fmall fine Leaves. The Root is fome-
what long and thick, from which rifes a Stalk of a
Foot in heighth, fpread out from the bottom into
fmall round fmootb Branches, and they again into
leffer-, whoje fmal/eft Branches, even near the Root
as well as the others, bear fmall Vmbles of very
fmall or white Flowers , and afterwards fmall long
ftriped Seeds. The Leaves next unto the Root are
divided into very fine and fmall Leaves ; but thofe
above on the Stalk are much more fmall, even like
Hairs.

XIV. The

Chap. 545. ‘Englijh 'Herbs.

8

9

XIV. T be twelfth, or Spanilh Baftard Parfly.
The Root pcrijhes after Seed time , and tho this is
a Milky Plant yet being cut or broken , it gives
no Milk. Prom this Root rife up J'cvcral crefted
rough Stalks, and heaves very like to the firft
Common Baftard Parfly; but the Umbels of
while Viewers are fmaller , and grow more
round together , as it were into the form of
round head: and the Seed which follows
greater , very much ftriped , and rough, but not
prickly. The herb being broken in any part, it
yields a facet Milk.

XV". The Places. Thefe feveral Baftard Par flies
grow Wild in feveral Countries of Auftria, Eng-
land, prance, Germany, Italy , Spain, & c. The
firft is common almoft every where in our Country..
The fecond was found in Ltncoln-fhire , on the
North Defcent of the North Field of Witham nigh
to Bourn : it was alfo found growing in the Corn
Fields about Bath. The third and fourth grows
about Hedges, and in Plow’d Fields, almoft every
where. The fifth grows Wild with us in feveral
places : Gerard fays it grew upon the Banks
in the Fields about St. James's and Bickadil-
ly , which was before thefe places were Built
upon, and made into Streets, Efc. The reft
Naturally grow upon Rocks and Stoney Grounds,
and thole which grow not Wild with us, are
many times to be found in the Gardens of the
more Curious.

XVI. The Times. They all Flower and Seed
very well in England, from the beginning of
June to the end of Auguft. The fecond and third
Lower in Jttnc\, or July , and the Seed is ripe in
July or Auguft. If the Seed is Sown in Sep-
tember, it will come up and continue green all the
Winter.

XVII. The Vitalities, Specification, Prepara-
tions and Vertues of thefe Ballard Barflies, are
the fame with thofe of our Common Garden Par-
fly in Chap. 539. aforegoing, to which you are
refetx’d.

XVIII. Not a. 1. The Juice of Baftard Parfly ,
not only provokes Urine and the Terms, but as
Matthiolus fays, is comfortable to the Heart, opens
obttruftions of the Liver and Spleen, deanfes the
Reins of Stones , Gravel , and Tartarous Muci-
lage; and therefore mult be profitable againlt all
Dileafes of thofe parts, excites Lull, and ftrengthens
the Inftruments of Generation.

XIX. Nota. 1. The green Herb. According to
Diofcorides, it was a familiar Sallet Herb, and
therefore uled in his time more for Meat than Me-
dicine : but later Phylicians have found it to be
good for many other Dileafes, even for all that the
Common Garden Parfly is good for, as is before ex-
preffed : if the whole Herb is eaten with Vinegar,
alter a Vomit, it cleanfes the Belly, and caufes a
good Appetite, taking away loathing of Meat, and
Indigeftion.

XX. Nota. 3. The EJfence. It jhas the Vir-
tues of the Juice, befides which it prevailsjagainft
Hypochondriac^ Melancholy, is good againft
Quartan Agues, Scabs, Itch, and French Difeafe,
being given 2 Ounces at a time Morning and
Evening either in a Glafs of Wine, or other fit
Vehicle.

XXI. Nota. 4. The P ouder of the Seed. Given
to a Dram, more or lefs in a Glafs of White Port,
or Lisbon Wine, it is faid to clear and_ lharpen
the Eye Sight, and provoke Lull exceedingly in
both Sexes, as alfo the Terms in Women. It is
likewife given with Ceterach or Spleen-wort, and
Seeds of Agnus Caftus, againft the Running of the
Reins. The Ponder being drank alfo in Wine,

caufes Fruitfulnefs in Barren Women, and is good
agiinlt the, Bitings of Venomous Beads, more
elpecially if a Cataplafmnf the green Herb be alfo
applyed to the Wound.

CHAP. DXLIil.

Of P A R S L Y Laughing;

0 R,

PASQ.U E-FLOWER.

I. Hp H E Nantes. I know no Greek Name
X that this Plant has; but it is called in La-
tine, Pu/fatilla , APo Aptum R/fus, Apmm Sardoni-
um , Herba Sardonic, & Herb a Venti: in Englijh,
Laughing Parfly, by fome, and Pafque-Plower, or
Pu/Je-Flower, by others, becaufe of their Flower-
ing about Eafter , or time of the Palchal Solem-
nity.

II. The Kinds. This Plant is no Species of the
Parfly’s, tho’ (through Cuftom) it has obtained
the Name of Aptunt rifts. Nor do I think it any
Species of the Anemonigs , tho’ fome Learned Men
are of that Opinion ; nor yet a Kind of Crowfoot,
which fome would have it to be, but rather a Genres
of its own , not related to any other. Of this
Pafque-Plower there are feveral Kinds, as, 1. Pitl-
fatilla Anglica purpurea, Pulfatilla Vulgaris, Ane-
mone Limoni a Da/efchampij ; Santo! us P/inij ; Our
Englilh purple Pafque Flower. 3. Pu/fatilla p/ere
rubro, Pulfatilla rubra Gerardi, The red Pafque
Flower. 3. Pulfatilla Plore luteo , The yellow
Pafque Flower. 4. Pulfatilla plore a/bo. The
white Pafque Flower. 5. Pulfatilla Daniel ’ The
Danilh Pafque Flower. 6. Pulfatilla Daniel plore
dtiplici. The double Danilh Paique Flower.

the Defcriptions.

III. T ‘he firft , or Our Englilh purple Pafque
Flower. The Root is pretty thick and long, running
downwards, or deep into the Ground, and not Ivina
m.JerJ,het «PPf Cruft thereof, as the
Wild Anemomes do^ having at the top of the fniA
Root a Tuft of Hair, or kindof haryWardadjoZ
ed thereto. Prom this Root rifes up many winced
Leaves lying upon the Ground, fomewhat rough or
hairy, hard tn feeling, and finely cut into many Email
Leaves of a dark green color, in form almoft like
to thofe s/ Carrots, but finer and fmaller. Prom,
among thefe Leaves, rife up naked Stalks, rough
and hatry. Jet about the middle thereof, with fome
fmall divided Leaves comparing them-, the faid
Stalks rife above thofe Leaves, about a Span high
bearing at the top of -every one of them one pendu-
lous Viewer Bell fajhwned as Gerard fays, and
very beaut, ful of a bright delayed purple color, or
confifting of fix Leaves of a fine Violet purple co-
!or, and fometmes deep withal. In the middle

thereof ts a tuft of many yellow Threads or Thrums

Jet about a mtdile purple Point el. When the wholl
Flower is paft , there Succeeds a bufhy Knob or
* M 2 ' Head

820

Salmon s ‘Herbal Lib. L

Ynrfly Laughing Common.

0 R,

Pafque- Flower purple Flowered.

Heai compact of many gray hairy hocks ; and in the
folii part of the Knob , or Mead, ly long Seeds ,
which are fmall , flat , and hoary , mry having
at the end thereof a fmall Hair fpringing from it ,
which is gray likewife.

Fafque Flower j

IV. The feccnd , 0/- Red Pafque Flower. This
Plant in its Roots, Leaves , Stalks, and Seeds , df
aljo in its manner of groining, differs not from that
before defer ibed, faving , 1 . fhat in this * /fo Leaves
are longer and much more finely cut. 2. That the
Flower is fomething /mailer but with longer Leaves,
which are of a bright red color , whereas the former
was of a purple color.

V. The third, or Yellow Pafque Flower, //,
£00/ r//77j- deep into the Earth, of about the thick -
nefs of a Mans Finger. Its Leaves are cut and di-
vided, very like unto the Leaves of the firfi Kind,
but fomewhat more hairy , green on the upper fide,
and hairy underneath. The Stalk is roitnd and
hoary, the middle whereof is befet with fame fmall
Leaves, as in the others 5 from among which r'tfes
up the Stalk of the Flower, confifiing of fix Leaves,
of a very fair yellow color on the infide , and of a
hoary pale yellow on the outfi.de : after which fol-
lows fucb a Knob or Head of hairy Thrums as in
the former.

VI. The fourth , or White Pafque Flower. Its
Root is black, and long, running deep into the
Earth , having at its top a Head or Tuft of Hair ,
fuel) as grow at the top of the Root of the dr fit
Kind. From among which /firing up many Leaves
which are winged , and j landing upon long foot
Stalks : they are divided as it were into three
Wings or Parts: and each part finely cut and
divided, like unto the Danilh Pafque Flower
following, but fomething harder in handling,
greenifh on the upper fide, and fomething gray un-
derneath, and very hairy all over. From among
thefe Lenves rife up the Stalks, befet at the middle
of them with three Leaves, as finely cut and divi-
ded as thofe below : from above which grows the
. Flower, being f mailer, and not fo pendulous a s the
former •, but in like manner confifiing of fix Leaves
apiece, of a Snow white color on the infide , and a
little browner on the outfide, with many yellow
Thrums in the middle. After the Flower is pafi,
there comes forth fucb a like hoary Head, CQjnpofed
as it were of many Hairs, each waereof has a fmall
Seed , to which it is fafined, like as the former
Pafque Flowers have.

VII. The fifth , or Danifh Pafque Flower. This
in ref pell to its Root, Leaves, Stalks , Flowers ,
Seed, and form of growing, is very like to the firfi, or
Englilh Kind, before deferibed, and differs from it
only in thefe ref petts, 1. That in its Root, Leaf and
Flower, it is larger. 2. That the Flower is of a
fairer purple color, and not fo deep. 3. That fome-
times, and in fome Plants the Flower is found white .
4. 2 hat it will better abide with us, and be more
eafdy manured than our Englilh Kind, thd ours is
a Native of our Country, and grows Wild therein, in
many places.

VIII. The fixth , or double Danifh Pafque
Flower. This in its Roots, Leaves , Stalks, Flow-
ers, Heads , Seeds, and manner of growing , differs
nothing from that lafi deferibed, faving in the dupli-
city of the Flowers : for whereas the former Flower
was fingle, this is double Flowered, having two
rows of Leaves, the one within the other.

IX. The Places. The firft is found in many
places of England, upon dry Banks which ly open
to the Sun. It did grow very plentiully in a
Pafture or Clofe belonging to the Parfonage Houfe
of Hilderfham, a fmall Village, about fix miles
diftant from Cambridge: The firft four grow Wild
in France, Germany, and other Countries, in un-
till’d, ^ rough, Stoney and Rocky places. The fifth
and fixth grow in Danemark, and were brought
from thence jnto England, where they Flourifh
rather better than in their own Country. The

Jfeeond

Chap. 544. Unglijb Herbs .

82

1

fecond Red Kind , Lobe/ fays , was brought from
Syria. The third or Fellow Kind, Chtfius makes to
be his third Wild Anemone, and fays, it was found
growing plentifully at the foot of St. Bernards
Hill near to the Cantons of Switzerland. The
fourth or White Kind is growing on the Alps near
Auftria : in France likewife, and in other places.
Now all thefe are planted and grow with us in
our Gardens , where they flourifh as well as in
their Native places.

X. The Times. They all Flower for the molt
part about Eafter , from whence came the Name
of Pafque Flower. They do indeed Flower early
in the Year, at the fartheft in the beginning or
middle of April, accordingly as the Spring proves
feafonable.

XI. The Qualities. Thefe are all of them hot
and dry in the fourth Degree : vehemently at-
tractive arid exulcerating ; and therefore not fit to
be taken inwardly.

XII. The. Specification. By external applicati-
on they are good againlt the Bitings of Mad-Dogs,
Vipers, Rattle-Snakes, and all other forts of Ser-
pents and Venomous Beads, drawing forth the
Poylon by means of their ftrong attraftve force :
and for the fame reafon they prevail againlt an
inveterate Sciatica.

XIII. The Preparations. You may make of the
Pafquc Flower, all the Preparations which you
make of Crowfoot , which you may fee in Chap.
’7 6. Sell. 2d. ad 33. Thefe having all the fame
/ ''lues with thofe there mentioned. But general-

.ve only make, 1. A Cataplafm of the frejh
or Root, 2. A dijlil/ed Water of the whole

Plant,

The Virtues.

XIV. The Cataplafm of Herb or Root. It is
applyed againlt the Bitings of Mad-Dogs, Vipers,
Rattle-Snakes, and other Poifonous Creatures, and
to places affefted with the Gout, Sciatica, &c.
with admirable fuccefs.

XV. The Diftilled Water of the whole Plant.
Camerarixs in his Hortus Mediate fays, that in
BoruJJia it is ufed with good Succefs, to be given
to thofe who are troubled with a Tertian Ague,
for he faith that it is an 'twetuemuv, or Medicamen-
tum ecphraticum , vel dcobflru'divim, a Remedy to
open Obftruftions.

XVI. The Hanger. The Herb, Flower or Root,
being taken inwardly in fubltance, are without
doubt deleterious, or deadly: It kills by making
the Patient look Laughing all the while, whence
it obtained the Name of Apium Rifits. And yet
notwithftanding the Standets by, or lookers on,
may think, that the Patient is really a Laughing,
or in a Laughing Humor, there is indeed no fuch
thing. It only by its Poifonous qualities, hurts
the Senfes and Underftanding , thereby caufing
Foolifiinefs ; and Convulfing the Nerves, efpecially
of the Mouth, Jaws, and Eyes, draws them this
way, and that way, and fometimes in a manner
all ways, making the Sick feem to the by-itanders
as if he continually Laughed, whereas, it is only
a Convulfive Motion, wringing , or drawing of
the Mouth and Jaws awry ; and fo the poor Pati-
ent dying in this Condition, the lookers on , think
he dyes Laughing, and fo report it ; when at the
fame time there is no fuch matter, but he goes out

lions, vehement Pain, and the moll extream Tor-
ment imaginable.

XVII. But the chief ufe that is now made of
thefe Flowers is for Ornament fake, more than any
thing elfe-, and to fet off and Adorn a Garden ;
among fuch as are curious and delight in things
of this Nature ; they being very beautiful in their
Kind,

CHAP. DXLIV.

Of PARSNEP
Garden and Wild.

HE Names. It is called in Arabic/: '
Jezar , Gezar , and Giezar : in Greek
STafWif©-: in Latine, Pajtinaca /at, folia, Staphy-
linus lat, Johns : and in Englifh, Parfnep.

II. The Kinds. There are leveral Species of this

riant, as, 1. Mmaot, Pajlinaca latifolia

nortenfis vel Domejlica, The Garden Parlnep. 2.

Pajlinaca latifolia Sylveflris, The
Wild Parfnep ; of both which we lhall Treat in
this Chapter. 3. Sphondilium, Cow Patf-

nep, of which in Chap. 54;. 4. sm, Sium
Pajhnaca Aquatica, The Water Parfnep, of which
in Chap. 546. following.

III. The Garden and Wild Kinds. Of the Gar-

den fort there are two Species, viz. i. Pajlinaca
latifolia fattva communis-, Pajlinaca latifolia Do-
mejlica-, Pajlinaca alba fativa-, Sifarum fativum
Magnum lucbfij-, Sifer Diofcoridts Column* -, E/a-
phobofeum fativum Tabernmontam, Our Common
Garden Parfnep. 2 ■ Pajlinaca alba fatwa altera-,
Pajhnaca Ptnea -, The Pine Parfnep. 3. Pajlinaca
latifolia Sylveflris-, Pajlinaca Sylveflris-, Pajlinaca
Sylveflris Galina Cordi -, Sifer Sylveftre Fuchjij .-
•Enwc -am Diofcoridts, Lib. 3. Chap. 80. Elapbo-
i0JC“Z' L!b- 22‘ ChaP- 22. and fo Dodona-

n ’ Ttaberntmontanus , call it :

NepSWl d Paifnep' 4' ?afilr,aca irifana: Mad

The Defcriptio/ts.

IV. The firft, or Our Common Garden Parfnep.
The Root is white, great, long and large , thick at
its top or upper part , and Jharp or /pear pointed
at bottom ; and as it is white without , fo it is alfo
within, of a very J'weet and pleafant Tafle , being
boiled, baked, or roajled, which then are dreft up
with Butter and Vinegar, as every one likes belt.
From this Root fpring up large winged Leaves , a
great many lejjer being Jet on both flies of a long-
ribbed Stalk, each of them flanding for the mofl
part direSly one againft another, with a Jingle one
at the end, being much larger than thofe of the
Skirret, and clofer Jet together, and rougher, being

— , 0 alfo dented about the edges. The Stalk grows four,

of ths World under the Senfe of violent Convul- [five, or fin Feet high, with divers the like Leaves

and

822

Salmon ’s Herbal

Lib. I

and Branches thereon, but lejjer. The F 'lowers
which grow in .Umbels at the tops of the Stalk,
and Branches , are yellow , which faffing away,
brownifh, thin, rounaifh, flat Seed comes in their
places, having a good, and a kind of Aromatick
Smell.

V. The fccond , or Pine Parfnep. This is not
Jo common in every Garden as the former ,
but yet is found in many. The Root is white
both within and without, which is not fo long
as the farmer , but it is thicker at the Head and
fmaller below. The Stalk js neither fo big , nor
fo high, but Branched forth in like manner. The
Umbels of flowers at the lops of the Stalk
and Branches are lejjer than the former , and
the Seed fmaller. The Root hereof is not alto-
gether fo J'weet in eating , but more flafliy and
infipid, but its Table is more pleafant , if it
grow in a fat and Sandy Soil.

VI. The third , or Our Wild Parfnep The
The Root (m moft Writers of every Country
affirm,) is Shorter and more moody , and therefore
not fo fit to be eaten as the former Garden Kinds
ere but is thought to be more Medicinable.
This Wild fort differs very little from the
firjl Garden Kind, but only as a Wild Plant ,
and fo grows not fo fair and large , nor has
it fo many Leaves , nor fuch large Umbels • of
flowers-, it is thought to be the Garden Kind
found Wild, (as the Garden Kind is thought ■
by others to be the Wild Kind Tranfplanted
into Gardens ; ) And it is to be met with in
many places of England , as [meet and tender,
after the Sowing as tbofe of the Garden fort
be. This Wild Species grows in fame Fields
and places fo plentifully , that a Sack full of
its Seed might be gotten from it, which be-
ing Sown in Gardens (having a Sandy but

yet rich and fat Soil,) and there well ordered
.will prove as good as the former Garden
Parfneps.

VII. Pafiinaca Infant , or Mad-Nep , we deferibe
not, for that it is the fame Plant with our Common
Garden Parfnep, or Pine Garden Parfnep, before
Defcribed, the only difference between them and
the Mad-Neps is the time of Flowering, as Par-
hinfon fays ; for if (lays he) the Common Garden
Parfneps do Flower in the firft Year after Sowing,
the Country People do call them Mad-Neps.
Thefe are only to be known by the report of the
Gardner , or fuch as Gather or Sell them ; for they
are fo like to the Choice Landable ones, that there
is no diltinguilhing them by the outward appear-
ance. They are found by long experience to have
an evil and pernicious quality; for they not only
caufe a Vertigo or Swimming of the Head, but
Frenfy alfo, and in fome even Madnefs it felf, ouc
of which the Patient is not prel'ently reftored,
fome having continued in that Condition tor the
fpace of twenty four Hours, and others not ha-
ving come perfectly co themfelves for the fpace of
2 whole Days and Nights. Gerard fays, that thefe
Mad-Neps, are the Produce of our Common Gar-
den Turneps , ariling from the Seed of the Garden
Kind ; which if they Flower the fame Year they
are Sown, they are faid to degenerate, and become
what the Country People in Cheshire, about Nant-
wtch, &c. call Mad-Neps. But I fuppofe this is
a tniftake, that being the moft probable, which
Parkinfon has declared of our Common Garden
Parfnep, as is aforefiid.

VIII. The Places. The firft and fecond grow
only in Gardens, where they are Nurft up for
Food, but efpecially the firft fore. The third
grows Wild in feveral places of England ; as in
the Mariks by Rocheffer, in the Grounds of for-
merly

Chap. 5^4. TLngUjh Herbs.

823

merly Sir John Levifon : Ir grows in Salt Marfhes,
and upon the Banks and Borders of the lame. Ge-
rard. fays, That the Seed thereof being gathered and
Sown in Gardens which have a fertil and fat Soil,
does bring forth better Roots, fweeter and larger,
than thofe which come from Seeds of the Garden
Kind.

IX. T he Tims. They Flower and Seed gene-
rally the fecond Year after they be Sown : and
then it is in the Month of July , the Seed being
tipe in Auguft, or not long after.

X- The Qualities. They are hot and moift in the
firft Degree, are Diuretick, Attenuating, Cleanfing
and Opening: Stomatick, Nephritick, Chylifick,
Analeptick and Spermatogenetick. The Seed is
Alexipharmick.

XI. The Specification. Parfneps reftore in Con-
fumptions, make the Body Fat, plentifully encreafe
Seed, and provoke Luft exceedingly.

XII. The Preparations. 1. The Boiled , Baked
er Ron fled Roots. 1. Bread made of Parfneps.
3. A Decottion of the Roots. 4. A Pudding made
of the Roots. 5. Sanguis or Blood of Parfneps.
6. A Pouder of the Seed .

T be Virtues.

c/7 / A J wanje if Jem we// Jrom

l hat them well in a Marble Mortar

with a Wooden Pefi el, till they become a Pulp.-
Take of this Pulp fix Pounds .- Crumbs of White
Bread three Pounds: mix them well together-
ton Wine, and put all
Bo/' Head, flopping ,, Wcll with Cork and
Ti ’ / . *“ m,h‘"£ may tranfpire : place this
Matmjs in warm Horfedung, or in Balneo, or in
a warm Sand heat , till the Matter is changed into

wnhavnirr Bh,0dyChl'e ' thcn force " JHong/y out

VaDorofi^’ “”r lUtA eTeJ)edB!ood ,m°

aporofi, or fuel a like heat again, that by this
fecond Dtgejhon ,t may acquire a greater red-

thh A l°me fccf*may A"*, which feparate :
m j l !J- A ^ration continue , till the
Blood becomes abfolutely clear, and of a moft per-
tett red. bom this you may (if you f0 plcaCc)
with an Alembick, feparate a thf and clear Li-

\wTtlJt i v yr°“ re™a,nit:d '» 'I* bottom,
the Slood of Parfneps of a very glorious cob /

BaM fi V7 ‘““J °f the Rw!s B°’led,

RrZh’ t °r ”‘jde :I"° Bread’ Buddings,
af°re enumerated- I do not believe
that there is any greater Vegetable reiterative in
Confumptions in the World befides, it invigorates
to a ftrange Degree. Dofe from a Dram fo two

fc Z Corning, Noon, and

Night m a Glafs of choice Malaga or Barra.

01 lf the P3tient likes not Wine,

XIII. Boiled, Baked, or Roafled Parfneps. Eaten
as common Food they fweeten the Blood and
Juices above all other Roors in the World; re-
ftore in Confumptions , make the Eater of them
grow Fat and Flefhy, nouriih much ; and indeed
much more than either Carrots, or Turneps ; Breed
Seed after an admirable manner, and potently pro-
voke Luft. They ltrengthen the Stomach, Reins
and Bladder, and provoke Urine. But the Wild
Kindare more Phyfical, being Aperitive, Attenuat-
ing, Inciding and mote Diuretick than thofe of the
Carden. They are dteft up with Salt, Butter,
Pepper, and Vinegar, or Juice of Lemons.

XIV. Bread made of Parfneps. It has all the
former Virtues; it is fweet, and eats pleafantly
enough, but ought to be eaten whileft it is new,
for then it is belt. It is made of Baked or
Boiled Parfneps , with the addition of fome fine
pure Wheat flower or Meal-, as they ufually make
Bread of Eddo Roots in Carolina.

XV. The Decottion of the RMs. It is com-
monly made in Water, to which at the end of the
Boiling , a little , as a quarter part , of White or
Red Port Wine may be aided. It comforts or
cleanfes the Stomach, Reins, Bladder, and Womb,
opens, incides, provokes Urine, and gives eafe in
the Strangury. Some make the Decottion by a long
boiling them in Milk. This reftores in Confump-
tions to admiration, and in (hort time makes a
thin, lean, extenuated Body, plump, fleihy, and
in good liking.

XVI. The Pudding. It is made of the Garden
Parfnep half Boiled, then chopt fmall , and mint
with Eggs , Sice , Beef-Suet Jhred, Salt, and the
other proper Ingredients. It is excellent Food,
nouriihes extreamly, and has all the Virtues of the
Boiled Roots, Bread, and Decottion, made with Milk,
aforegoing.

XVII. Sanguis Paftinacet l at if oil £. The Blood
of Parfneps. It is made as the Blood of Potatoes,
Satyron , Eddo, &c. after this following manner,
viz. Take of the befi Garden Parfneps (if they
be firH Boiled or Baked in their Skins , or half
Baked it may be fo much the better, ft? whilji

XVIII. The Pouder of the Seed. It is ftrongly
Aperitive, Abfterfive , Carminative, Digeftive
Diuretick, Stomatick, Nephritick, Hylterick’

Scfnnll XtP armkn be“S given ftoin ™o
Scruples to a Dram , or Dram and half

in White Peer Wine, or other proper Vehi-

Ce’t 1™-ftueDStIl-enS tlle Stom:“* Angularly
expels Wind, gives eafe in the Colick and

R rHagUr>A.PIOVOckeS UnneA deanfes tI,e Rei"s and
Bladder from Stones, Sand, Gravel, Slime

or any Tartarous Matter obftruUing them-
ft Potently provokes the Terms j„ Women
and relifts Poifon, and cures thd Bitings of
Serpents, and other Venomous Creatures. It is
an admirable, thing aifo againft Stitches and
other Pleuntick Pains, apt to afflid fuch as are
Hypochondriacal.

XIX. Nora. You may aifo from Parfnep
Seed prepare, i. A Di filled Water. 2 A
SP,nt- J-f" Oil by D filiation. 4. A ' Spi-
rituouslmtture. 5. An Acid Tintture. 6. An
Oily Tintture. 7. Poteftates or Powers. 8. An
Elixir Every one of which ate pofleffed with
aUtheVtrtuesof the Seed, before enumerated in
the Section immediately aforegoing.

CHAP. DXLV.

Of PARSNEP Cow.

I- 'T' H E Names. It is called in Greek, s?«JV.
■ ff' f (for both are extant
in good Authors) in Latine, by Dodonms Gef
ner. Lobe/ Matthwlus , and others, Sphondihum
& Spondthum: in Englijh, Cow Parfnep , and
Medow Parfnep : Gerard fays that it is called aifo
Mad-Nep,

II, The

Salmons ‘Herbal Lib. L

II. The Kinds. Authors make five or fix Kinds
or more of Cow Parfnep -, but three only of them
being known to us in our Land, we lhall only de-
fcribe them, which are the following, viz. i.
Sphondihum vulgare * brand urfina Cordi &
- Tragi •, Acanthus vulgaris five Germanica Fuchfij ,
Our Vulgar or Common CowParfnep. 2. Sphon-
dilium majus,fivc Acanthus Germanica major Sphon-
dilium alter um Dodonrii , The Great German Cow
Parfnep. 3. Sphondilium majus aliud foliis lacinatis
(Sphondilion hirfutum foliis AngujUoribus Bauhi-
ni , as Varkinfon fuppofes : ) Jagged Cow Parfnep
of our own Land.

T be Defer iptiojis.

III. T he Jirft , or Our Vulgar or Common Cow
Parfnep. It has a Root which is long and white ,
with two or three long Strings growing or running
down deep into the Ground , of a ftrong and unplea -
fant Smell. It fprings up with three or four large
fpread , rough , winged Leaves , lying often upon

Parfnep Cow.

the Ground , or elfe raifel a little from if with
long, round , hairy foot Stalks under them , parted
nfually into five divifions , the two couples ftanding
each again fl other , and one at the end and each
divifion or Leaf being almoft round , yet cut in
fomewhat deeply on the edges , in fome Leaves and
places, and not fo deep in others , of a wbitifh
green color , having a jlrong Smell. From among
which rifes up a round , crefted, hairy Stalk , two
or three Feet or more high , with a few "points
And Leaves there 01, and fpread out into Branches
on the Lop; on the tops of which ft and pretty
large Umbels of white Flowers , fometbing in-

clining to be a little reddifn : which being
pafi a Way , there follows after them , fiat, thin ,
wbitifh , winged Seed , two always joined together ,
as is ufual in mofi of thefe Umbelliferous
Plants.

IV. The fecond , or Great German Cow Parfnep.
Its Root is white , and like the other , but greatest
The whole Plant it felfi differs very little from
the former , but in the largenefs of its Leaves and
Stalks , being nearly twice as great - that is to fay
every fingle Leaf or divifion , which are feldom
above three , on a great long foot Stalk , which is
about 6 Inches long to the Leaf which is hairy
and rough , and of a dull faded fort of green color,
a little folded in or crumpled and dented befides
on the edges. The Stalk grows like the former,
and comes to be fometimes 4 or 5 Feet high , fpread
out towards the top into Jcveral Branches. At the
tops of all which are like Umbels of Flowers , (for
the mofi part white) the Flowers and Seed being in
form much like the Jirft , but larger , of a hot un-
pleafing Lafte, but not Jo unpleafant as thofe
of the Common Kind.

V. The third , or Jagged Cow Parfnep of our
own Land. Its Root is great., thick, and white ,
living after Seed time, or all the Winter, and
fpringing up again anew every Tear. It grows as
high , or rather higher than the fccond or loft de-
ft ri bed, and with greater Stalks, having a' white
hairyneft on them. The lower Leaves grow very
large, and much fpread, winged , and divided into
five parts : two couple ftanding each againft ano-
ther, but of another form-, for each oj thefe
Leaves or divifions, are parted into diftintl parts,
yet elofely fined at the bottom, the two fide Leaves
or divifions, being not of half that length that
the middlemofl is, which is in fome aberue fix Inches
long, in others above five, and not above half art
Inch broad, each of them having a deeper Cut or
Ketch at the bottom , than is on the rej} of the
Leaf, which yet is dented with greater Notches
than in mofi ufual Herbs , the upper or end Leaf
being ufually parted into five divifions or Leaves ,
dented in the like manner, little or nothing hairy ,
but of a deeper green color on the upper fide, and
grayifh underneath. The Umbles oj white Flowers,
are as large as in the l aft, and the flat thin white
Seed, is fo like that (Jetting a fide their being a
little whiter) they are fcarcely to be dfeerned one
from another, bur only by the Tafte and Smell, which
in this are little or nothing.

VI. The Places. The firlt grows in moift Me-
dows, and the Borders and Comers of Fields, and
near Ditches generally, throughout England. The
fecond is a Native of Germany , but I have found
it growing in the Borders of Fields or Medows in
feveral places in Cambridge (hire. The third was
found growing Wild alfoby one Mr. George Bowles,
in lbme places in Sbropfhire.

VII. The Times. They all Flower in June and
July, and the Seed is ripe not long after, or in
Auguft.

VIII. The Vitalities. The Root is hot and dry
in thebegining of the fecond Degree: The Seed is
hot and dry in the third Degree , and is In-
cifive, Aperitive, Cephalick, Arthritick and Hvfte-
rick.

IX. The Specification. The Seed is prevalent
againft the Afthma, Epilepiy , Lethargy, Jaun-
dice, and Hyfterick Fits. The Root is profitable
againft Fiftula’s and Callous Ulcers.

X. The Preparations. You may make, 1. A
Drink, or Beer of the Leaves and Seed. 2. A
Pouder of the Seed. 3. A Dccottionof the Seed.
4, A Spirituous LiriUurc of the Seed. 5. The

Fumes

Chap. 545. ‘Englijb ‘Herbs.

8:

•5

tames of the Seed,
flowers.

6 A Juice of the Umb/es or and available to all the fame purpofes:, and either
l' IheZaw ?“’/• _8- A Pouder of the} alone or mixt with Honey, makes a lingular

Root. 9. A Deco tti on of t}je Root. 10. An Oil of
the Root, i I. A Cataplafm of the Root.

'The Virtues .

XL The Drink or Beer made of the Leaves or.
Seed. Toumuft fir ft make a ftrong Decottion of them
with Water -, and then , being Blood- warm , you are
to ferment or Work it up with left or Leven , as
Brewers do their Ale or Beer. It is ufed in all re-
fpefts to be drank as Beer or Ale , for the quench-
ing of Thirftj and is a common Drink at Meals
in Roland and Lithuania.

XII. The Pouder of the Seed. Given to a Dram
mixt with Honey , it is good againft Afthma’s,
Coughs, fhortnels of Breath, Hoarfenefs, Wheez-
ing, Epilepfie , Jaundice, Lethargic, and cleanfes
the Bowels, from tough, flimy, pituitous humors,
flicking in the Paffages of the Guts. For accor-
ding to Galen , it is of a Iharp and incifive Qua-
lity. It prevails alfo againft the Rickets, or fuch as
are.Liver-grown, as the Vulgar call it. It provokes
the Tefms in Women, and prevails againft Vapors
and Hyfterick Fits.

XIII. The Decoflion of the Seed. It may be
made either in Water or Wine: and being fweetned
with Honey or Sugar, it has all the Virtues of
the Pouder of the Seed afore enumerated,' being
drank inwardly , and bathed with outwardly
upon the part affe&ed , it gives eafe in a
CephaUa , or that which is called an inveterate
or old Head- Adi.

XIV. The Spirituous Tintture of the Seed. It
expels Wind, gives eafe in the Colick, provokes
Urine and the Terms, and has all the Virtues of the
Pouder aforegoing , being given from
to two or three Drams in any proper Vehicle:
outwardly applyed , it is good againft Scabs ,
Pimples, Shingles, running Sores, and other break-
ings out.

XV. The fumes of the Seed , from the Seed being
burnt. Received up the Mouth or Noftrils, it is
good againft Carus, Lethargy, Epilep^r, and other
cold and moift Difeafes of the Head~ and Brain :
received up the Womb by a Funnel, it prevails
againft Vapors, Faintings, Swoonings, and Fits of
the Mother.

XVI. The Juice of the Umbels or flowers. If
it is dropt into Ears which are ulcerated or
fore, and which run and are full of Matter, it
cleanfes and heals them. It alfo cleanfes, drjs and
heals Ulcers and running Sores in any other part
of the Body, they being daily wa'Iht therewith
warm. .

XVII. The raw Root. Being fcraped as you
fcrape Horfe Radifh Roots, and the fcrapings
applyed to the Callous of a Fiftula, it foftens it,
and takes it away, difpofing the fame to a fpeedy
healing.

XVIII. The Pouder of the Root. Being ftrewed
upon a Callofity in a Fiftula it confumes it: and
being taken inwardly to 1 Dram or more, in Honey
or any other proper Vehicle, it is faid to have, all
the Virtues of the Pouder of the Seed before
enumerated. It is faid to cleanfe and ftrengthen
the Stomach and Bowels, and to give eafe in the
Colick.

XIX. The Decottion of the Root in Water or
Wine. It is of like quality to that of the Seed,

good Lotion to cleanfe Fiftulas, Ulcers, and old
running Sores with, to dry them and induce their
healing, as alfo to wafh Pimples, mattery Pultles
Scabs, and Shingles withall. ... ’

XX. The Oil of theRoot. It is made bylhecofiina
it in Oil Olive , as :s ufual. The Head being
anointed and rubbed therewith, it helps not only
fuch as are fallen into a Frenfy, but is profitable for
the Cure of fuch as are lick of a Carus or Lethargy
and who have for a long time been afflifled and
grieved with a CephaUa , or old Head-Ach.

YOfa. The Cataplafm of the Roots. Applyed
to the f Gout, or any part pained, it gives eafe
and relief in a very (hort time; and applyed
very hot to the Sides and Hypochonders it
gives prefent eafe in Stitches , and other like
Pleuntick pains.

CHAP. DXLVI.

Of PARSNEP Water.

T

hanella :

HE Names. It is called in Arabick
Rocbathalmo , and Inhamehanella , or Hame-
in Greek , 2iVi fo called ab

Ur ms calculifque ciendis • in Latin. Sium: in
Englifh, Water Parfnep.

H. The Kinds. The chief of thefe we Ihalf
treat of in this Chapter are, t. Sium , Sium majus
Stum majus Ltrtifolum Bauhini , Gerardi U Ta-
ui me bernfMontani:PaJlinaca Aquatica major, & Aquati-
Dram p ’ Tohe Greater’ 01 . broad Leav’d Water

re.. vfrum Oiofcoridis , Mjtthiolo

Thahof Lugdunenfe ; Sium majus Anguft, folium
Janfom -, Sum odor at um Tbalij & Cefneri • Sii pri
mum genus quod & Laver fulhjlj-, Si hum Ylimi
Angudart,; Slum & Laver Cord, , Dodomei & Lo-
be/,)-, Sium Olufatn folio Lobelij , five PaJIinaea
Aquatica ; Sum verum Corner arij in his Epitome-
Sium eruca folio Tabernanontani, Bauhini & Lug-
dunenjjs ; Slum alterum Olufatri facie-, Paflinaca
Aquatica minor , The Leffer Water Parfnep a
Sium majus Anguftifolium ; Sium minimum Alpini-
PaHmaca Aquatica Anguftifolia, Sium alterum Do-
done,,, Water Parfnep narrow Leav’d. 4 Sium
Lmbellatum repens , Creeping Water Parfnep.

T he Defer ipt ions.

I I. The firft , or Greater broad Leav’d Water
Parfnep. Its Root is black with many fibres at the
Joints thereof, and at the Joints of the Stalk under
the later near the Ground. I, ,-jfesup with great
hollow and crefiei Stalks, three, four, or more feet
high fpreai out into feveral Branches, on which
Hand long winged Leaves, made of many long and
Jontemhat broad Leaves, pointed at the ends, and
dented about the edges, fmooth, thick, and Sappy
or juicy-, everyone of which is as large as thofe of
Parfnep^ The flowers grow at the lops 0} the
Stalks in Tufts or Umbels, and are of a white color -
a] ter which comes the Seed which fmells we l' and

5 N *

82 6

Salmons Herbal . Lib. L

Parfnep Water Greater.

is larger and rounder than Anifeed. The whole
Herb is of a firong but fuoeet and p leaf ant
Smell.

IV. The fecond , or Leffer Water Parfnep. Its
Root is very Fibrous , and confijls of many f mall

Parfnep Water Leffer.

1. Strings or Threads , which arc faftened to the Stalk,
or Root within the Water or Muddy Ground: both it
and the Leaves ( fays Parkinfon) fmell firong like
Petroleum. This Riant is very like the former ,
but lower and leffer , growing two Feet , or two and
a half high. The Leaves fmell well , are fat . and
full of Juice , being long , but narrower than thoje
of the Jirfi Kind. They grow winged , upon a long
foot Stalk , having font e times four , five , [i: x, /even ,
and eight pair of Leaves fet one oppofite to another
upon a middle Rib , and one fing/e one at the end.
finely fnipt or dented about the edges , and grow;?;:;
as it were bo/t upright. The Stalk is fmoot). .
round and hollow like a Kex, which towards the
top Spreads it J'elf into Several Branches. At the
tops of the Stalks and Branches grew the Flowers ,
which are white and fiand in round Umblcs. net
much unlike to thoje of Fennel. The Flowers banc
pafi away , the Seed follows , which is fmall, and
much like the former.

V. The third , or Water Parfnep narrow Leav’d.
Its Root confifis of a great number of fmall , Jlendcr ,
writhed brown Fibres or Strings , wrapped up as it
were , among themf elves , and firongly fixed or
fattened in the Mud. The Stalks of this Plant are
hollow like thofe of Hemlock, and a Cubit , or two

Parfnep Water narrow Leav'd.

Feet high , (Gerard fays they are about three Cubits
high: ) on which grow fever al winged Leaves fgme-
thing like the lajf , but are divided into f mailer
Leaves , which are long , much narrower , and fnipt
about the edges , growing commonly two or three
together. The Flowers grow at the tops of the
Stalk and Branches : they fiand in round Tufts or
Umbles , and are of a pale , yellowifh , green color -■
which being pafi away , turn into fmall Seed, very
much like to that of Parfly but in its Tajie , fame- -
thing ref emitting that of Cumin, or of Daucus Cre-

Chap. 54 6. Enghjh ‘Herbs,

827

ticus, and of a Citron Peel ; but fomewhat hotter
than any of them.

VI. The fourth , or Creeping Water Parfnep.
It has a bufhy fibrous Root , not much unlike to the
fecond but in thefe things it differs from it, 1.
The Stalks in this never grow upright , but always
lean and creep, and are alfo lefs than thofe. 2.
The Leaves of this arc alfo lefs than thofe of the
fecond Kind , and grow not fo many upon one Rib.
3. The creeping Stalks put forth an Umbel of
flowers almofi at every Joint , whereas the other 3
bear them only at the tops of the Stalks and
! 'Branches .

VII. The Places. The firfi grows Wild in Ger-
many, with us for the moil part in Gardens , in
places apt to have Handing Water, or where it is
Planted by Ditch fides. The fecond grows in Kent
in feveral Handing Waters, and .watery Ditches.
It has been found, between R'edriff and Deptford ,
in a rotten Boggy place on the right hand of the
Way. The third grows (as Label fays) near Ant-
werp, but has been found growing Wild in feveral
parts of this Kingdom : it has been found in the
Ponds about Moor Park -, and in the Ditches about
IHf enter e , and in divers Ponds in flint fhire. The
firlt I have fometimes found growing in Cam-
bridge fire, in watery places on the Borders of the
Fens, adjoining to the Land Ground, commonly
called Medlands. The fourth grows almoft every
where in watery places, thro1 the Kingdom.

VIII. The Times. They all Spring about the
middle and latter end of March-, ipread and grow
green in April-, flower in July-, and Seed before
the end of Augujl.

IX. The Qualities. Water Parfnep is hot and
dry in the third Degree, Aperitive, AbHerfive, Car-
minative, Digeflive, Diuretick, Incifive, Neuro-
tick, Stomatick, Hepatick, Nephritick, HyHerick,
Alexipharmick, and Spermatogenetick.

X. The Specification. It powerfully provokes
the Terms in Women, and Urine, breaks and ex-
pells the Stone in the Reins and Bladder, gives
eafe in the Strangury , facilitates the Birth, and
expells the dead. Child and After-birth.

XI. The Preparations. You may make thereof
I. A Liquid Juice. 2. An Ejfence. 3. A Decod b-
on. 4. A Syrup. <>. A Ponder of the Seed. 6.
A Cataplafm of Herb and Root. 7. A Di filled
Water. 8. A Spirituous Tinffure. 9. An Acid
TinUure. io. An Oily Tindure. 11. A Spirit.
3 2. A fixt Salt.

T be Virtues .

XII. The Juice of the Herb and Root . It
powerfully opens obHru&ions of the Vifcera, efpe-
cially of the Stomach, Lungs, Liver, Mefentery
and Reins : it is good againlt the Scurvy in a cold
habit of Body , provokes Urine and the Courfes
very powerfully, gives eafe in the Strangury, breaks
gritty Stones whether in the Reins or Bladder, and
expels Sand, Gravel, and other Tartarous Matters
from thofe parts. It facilitates the Birth in a
Woman in Labor, and brings away the After-birth.
Dofe 3, 4, 5, or 6 Spoonfuls in a Glafs of warm
White Port Wine, or other proper Vehicle.

XIII. The Ejfence of Herb or Root. It has all
the Virtues of the Liquid Juice, and is more pow-
erful to all the Intentions. It refills Poifon, and
the Bitings of Serpents, or other Venomous Crea-
tures being inwardly given. It is a lingular good
thing againH the Dropfie Sarcites , carrying off

the Morbifick Matter by Urine: It prevails alfo
a^andt the Jaundice, and carrys off the recrements
Oj the Juices and Blood which breed the Gout
?i°c 2 °r,^sP00nfljl5 Morning and Night, in a
Glafs of Wine, or Wine and Water, or in
the Difitlled Water of the Plant, or in Tartly
Water. J J

XIV. The Decoition of Herb or Root , or Umbels
oj Homers. It may he made in Water or Wine
and given from 3 to 6 Ounces, Morning and Night!
It has all the Virtues of the Juice and Ejfence but
operates not fo lfrongly as they, for which reafon
w is given m larger quantities : it warms, comforts,
and rectifies the Stomach, caufes a good Appetite
and Digeftion , and prevails againlt Vapors and
Fits of the Mother.

r,X^' UJUL Tt is Pea°«I, good againlt
Coughs Co ds, Wheeangs, Hoarfnefs, obftruai-
ons of the Lungs, Atthma’s, and other like Di-
ltempers, proceeding from a Vifcid Mucilage:
It is Diuretick, and gives eafe in the Stran-
gury.

mXu I ghe /<’“&’■ of the Seed. It is Diuretick,
Nephrmck Lithontriptick, and an excellent thing
againlt molt difaffeftions of theReins and Bladder
proceeding from Obltruftions, or Tartarous Com
cretions : it carries off the Jaundice and Dropfie by
its Diuretick property : it expels Wind power-
tully and gives prefent eafe in the Colick : and
has all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence afore-
foing. Dofe from half a Dram to a Dram, or
D am and half, m the Syrup aforegoing, or in
Wine dulcified with the Syrup.

XVII. The Cat tfplafm of Serb and Root. If it
is immediately applyed to the Biting of a Mad

Dog, Vipet, Rattle-Snake, or other Serpent or
Venomous Creature, it attrafts or Draws forth the
roilon, and fecures the Patient againlt the danger
thereof It difcuffes fimple Contufions : and befng
applyed gives eafe in the Gour. 6

p,™ The Water from ,he who/e

U %■ J all the Virtues or the Juice, Etfence,
and Seed . but as it .is much weaker in its effefts
and operation, fo it is given in much greaterquan-

Wh-S’ t0 if01 8 ?unces’ mixed with a little
White Port Wine. It is ufedalfo as a Vehicle to

C° vtv T^era^ 0t*ler Preparations in

XIX. The Spirituous Tindure. It warms and
comforts a cold and weak Stomach, expels Wind
is good againlt ficknefs at Heart, Fainting and
Swooning away: prevails againlt the (Slick
weaknefs of the Inteltines, and Flux of the
Bowels; and given m a proper Vehicle power-
fully provokes Urine. Dofe from two to four
Drams.

X5^.' 7k™Acii JMure- is an Antidote
aga.nft the Plague Spotted Fever, and all forts of
Peltilential and Malign Fevers. It takes off the
Febntick heat momentarily , deltroys the nutrid
and corruptive Ferment: and if timely taken
fecures the Life ot the Patient againft future
danger It ftrengthens and fortifies the Stomach
ftrengthens the Digeftion, and caufes a good An-
peme. Dofe fo many .Drops at a time, as to make
the Vehicle gratefully, Acid. ™Ke

X-XL The Ojly Tindure. It is a prefent remedv
aga.nft the Strangury, Stone, Gravel, and all man
net of Tartarous Matters obftruaing the Reins
Ureters, and Bladder. It gives prefer eafeTn the
Colick eafes pains in the Vertebra: of the
Backhand ftrengthens it, being inwardly taken in
any proper Vehicle, from ,5 to 30, 40, -yo, or 60
Drops, and alfo outwardly anointed upon the
part. It is profitable alfo againft the Palfie be-
ing outwardly and inwardly ufed. It provokes
5 N 2 the

*

828 Salmon V Herbal Lib. 1.

the Terms, and haftens and facilitates the Birth,
and forces away the After-Birth.

XXII. The Spirit. It is Cordial, good again!!
ficknefs at Herrt, Fainting and Swooning Fits,
and other Diftempers of the Heart and Stomach.
It expels Wind, cheats the Spirits, repreffes Me-
lancholy, and caufes a kind of Elevation of Soul.
Dofe a Dram, two, or three, now and then in a
Glafs of Wine.

XXIII. The Fixed Salt. It is highly Diuretick,
Nephritick and Hylterick : and is a Specifick again!!
the Stone, Sand, Gravel and Vifcous Slime in the
Reins, Ureters and Bladder. It gives prefent eafe
in the Strangury, prevails again!! Vapors and Hy-
lterick Fits, and cleanfes the Womb of cold, vicid,
and putrid Humors which may offend it. Dofe
from S Grains to a Scruple, in Parfly or Hydropiper
Wat er, Onion Water , White Fort Wine, or any
other ft Vehicle.

CHAP. DXLVII.

Of PATIENCE Garden.

0 R,

Monks RHUBARB.

I. '-ip H E Names. It is called in Greek , Turn-
x rimAoV, hdm.hv MmUtv: in Latine , Hip-
polapathum , Lapathum Hortenfe , Patientia Hor-
tenfis , Rhabarbarum Hortenfium , Rhabarbarum
Monachorum : and in Englifh , Garden Patience -,
Carden Dock , Horfe Dock , and Monks Rhu-
barb.

II. The Kinds. Of the Hippolapathun ? or Horfe

Dock , there are two Special Sorts, viz. 1. Hip-
polapathum ^ Fatientia Hortenfis -,

Lapathitm Sativum , Rhabarbarum Monachorum ,
Garden Patience, or Monks Rhubarb. 2. Hippo,
lapathum not bum, Hippolapatbum rotundifolium ,
Lapathum Rotundifolium Lapathum Sativum re-
lit ndi folium C lu ft j & Camerarij -, FfeiidoRha recent i-
tiorum Lobelij Rhabarbaricum Cordi in Hi form
Plantar urn. Lib. 4. Fol. 201. Baltard Rubarb,
Garden round Leav’d Horfe Dock, or Great round
Leav’d Garden Dock.

T be Defcriptions.

III. The fir ft, or Garden Patience, or Monks
Rhubarb. It has a very long great Root , brown
without and ycl/ow within , much like to thofe of the
Common Wild or Water Docks, but a little red-
derbut when Dry , in color and t aft e like to the
true Rhubarb -, having alfo a lefts Jlore of diftcolo-
red Veins , than the next following ixfyenthat is dry .
it grows up with very large ftrong tall Stalks, cham-
fered or furrowed ( and riftes up to be about 8 or 9
Feet high , as Gerard fays , when it grows in good
andfcrt il ground -, ) jet about with great, large or
broad and long Leaves ( not much unlike to thofe of the
Great Water DockJ of a fair green color, and not
dented at all about the edges. The Stalks towards
their tops , ftpread themf elves out into fteveral ftmall
Branches, which towards their tops bear reddifh or

V atience Garden , or
Alonks-Rbiilarb.

purplifl) Flowers, or Flowers of a light purple color
declining to brownnefts. Which being pad away, the
Seed follows, contained in thin chaffy Husks, and
oft a triangular Form, like to the Seed oft our Com-
mon Docks. This Patience or Garden Horfe Dock
has obtained the Name oft Rhubarb, for fo?ne ftmall
purging faculty which it has, much like to that oft
the True Rhubarb.

IV. The ftecond, or Baltard Rhubarb, or Gar-
den round Leav’d Horfe Dock. Its Root is exceed-
ing great and thick, very like unto the Rha Barba-
ricum , as well in color and tafte as proportion
and Purges after the fame manner , if given in a
greater Dofe or quantity : it grows much greater
. than that of the Patience before deftcribed, with
many great Branches and Fibres adjoining to it : it
is indeed yellow on the out-fide , and ftomewhat oft
a paleifh yellow within, with ftome Store of dift-
colorcd Veins therein , like to the True Rhubarb
but much lefts, eftpe dally when it is dry, which then
looftes its frefth color, which the True Rhubarb con-
flantly retains. This Baltard Rhubarb riftes up
with fteveral large, great, broad, round, thin , and
yellowifh green Leaves, in fhape like to thofe oft the
Garden Bur- Dock, a little waved about the edges ;
they rife up from the Bpot, every one flanding on a
reafonable thick and long brow nifth foot Stalk. From
among thefte Leaves , riftes up a pretty large Stalk,
much like the former, about two Feet or more high,
having fome J'uch like Leaves as before deftcribed
thereon , but f mailer. Towards the top , the Stalk
ftpreads it ftelf out into fteveral Branches , ftome
greater and ftome leffer, towards the tops oft which
grow long ftpiked Heads full oft ftmall brownifl)
Flowers-, after which follows in thin chaffy Husks
the feed, which isfthining and triangular like to the
Common Dgck$; or oft the Garden Patience before
deftcribed.

V. TJ;e

V. The V laces. The firft grows naturally about
jL aufanna in Savoy, as Tragus lays. The lecond
grows naturally upon the Hills not far from Curia
in Germany , as alfo near Triburg in Switzerland,
and on the Mountains in Auflria: But with us
they both grow only in Cardens , where they thrive
and Hourilh very well.

VI. The Times. Thefe Plants when Kuril up
in our Gardens , Flower about the beginning or
middle of June, (much about the time when our
Common Docks Flower) and their Seed is ripe in
July. The Roots are not to be taken up , till the
Leaves and Stalks are quite withered and gone,
which is about the middle or end of Ollober :
for if they be taken up, either a little before the
Leaves do fpring, or a while after they are fprung
up, the Roots will not retain half fo good a color
in them : It is alfo to be noted, that when they
are taken up, they are to be lcraped very clean,
and carefully dryed, fo as they may not touch one
another till they are perfedtly dry.

VII. The Qualities. Both thefe in refpect to
heat or cold, are faid to be Temperate: Authors
will have them to be moift, with a kind of clam-
minefs : this poffibly the Leaves may be, whilelf
they are young : but the dryed Roots are doubtlefs
dry in the firft Degree. They are Aperitive,
Abfterfive and Aftringenr, tho’ they have a Cathar-
tick or Laxative force in loofening the Belly, for
they certainly Bind after Purging.

VIII. The Specification. The Roots and Seeds
of both Kinds are prevalent againft a Bloody Flux,
as alfo againft all other Fluxes of the Bowels;
Vomiting and Sicknefs of the Stomach, bitings of
Serpents or other Venomous Creatures ; theDroply,
Jaundice, and all manner of Scabs, Leproly, and
breakings out. The Roots of both Purge as the
True Rhubarb does , faving (that they may have
the lame effefls,) the Dofe mutt be augmented to
treble the quantity. They are alfo faid to be abfo-
lute in the Cure of Agues.

IX. The Preparations. I. ASallet of the young
end tender Leaves. 2. A Liquid Juice of the
Leaves. 3.. A Decoliion or Infufwn of the Roots.
4. A Diet Drink. 5. A Ponder of the Roots. 6.

A Ponder of the Roots compound. 7. A Ponder of
the Seed. 8. A Diftilled Water.

T be Virtues.

X. The Sallet of the young and lender Leaves.
Being boiled, and eaten with Butter , Vinegar, Salt
and Pepper, as you eat Beets or Spinach, (tho’ it is
not altogether fo pleafant) they nourifh but little,
but make a thin Blood, loofen the Belly, and
Purge away flimy Humors.

XI. The Liquid Juice of the Leaves. Given
to 2, 3, or 4 Spoonfuls, more or lefs (according
to Age and Strength) it is a certain Cure for an
Ague, being given in Glafs of warm Ale, clarifi-
ed Whey, or the like. One John Benet a Chirur-
gion of Maidflone in Kent , cured a Lad of an
Ague therewith, which did grievoufly vex him :
He took 3 or 4 Leaves (as Gerard lays) of this
Plant of R ttliarb, beat it, and [trained out the
Juice with a draught of Ale, and gave it the Lad
in the Morning to Drink : it wrought extteamly
both upwards and downwards, within one Hour
after, and never ceafed untill Night : in the end,
the Purging faculty of the Medicine abated and
gave over working, and the Youth loft his Ague.
Since which time (fay? he) he has cured with the

lame Medicine, many others of the like Difeafe
having always a regard to the quantity, which was
me caufe ot the Violent working in the firft Cure.
1 have iometimes alfo feen that the Liquid Juice
of the green or frejh Roots being given in Iike’man-
ner, has alfo cured Agues, as well as the Juice of
the Leaves. The Juice of the Leaves dr Roots
mixed with a little Vinegar , is ufed as a moft
effoitual Remedy for the Cure of Scabs and run-
mng bores.

Ml. The Decoliion or Infufwn of the Roots.
i he Roots fitted and baled in 1 1 liter of Cardttt/s Be-
nediaus to the confumption of a third' part, and then
Jweetncd with a little Honey : Being given to the
quantity of 8 or 9 Spoonfuls at a time, before the
coming of the bit of an Ague, generally cures it
at 2 or 3 times fo taking it; luch as are ot a robuft
or ltrong Body, may take 12 Spoonfuls of it at a
time. The truth ot this has been proved by many
experiments , (as Gerard fays.) The Jlmplc De-
ception of the Roots of Patience or Monks Rubarb
loofens the Belly, Purges gently, helps againft the
Jaundice and Dropfie, and other likeDifejfes pro-
ceeding from a cold caufe; is good againft the
Stinging of Serpents, helps the Sicknefs of the
Stomach anting from Choler, and cures the Bloody
r lux, as alio other Fluxes of the Bowels : and be-
ing taken with Acacia, or Juice of Sloes it is faid
to cure the fpitting of Blood. The DecoSwnof the
Roots ,n Vinegar, is effeaual to heal inveterate
Scabs, and old running Sores. The Decoliion of the
Roots of Baflard Rhubarb . in Vinegar has the fame
Virtues 5 and being dropt into the Ears it eafes their
pain, gargled in the Mouth it cures Sores and
Ulcers therein, and eafes theTooth-ach: and being
Drank, or taken inwardly it prevails againft the
Jaundice, Dropfie, Gout, Rhumatiim, Kings-Evil
Stone, Gravel, Sand, Strangury, (Pc. it opens and’
purges the Liver, Spleen , Reins and Belly, and
cleanfes and cools the Blood. But for the general
ufein curing all thefe Diftempers the Dccohion or
Infufwn may be made in Water, or Clarified Whey ■
and if the Patient like of it, it may be a little
fweetned with Syrup of Violets, or Syrup of Roles
Soluttve. J

XIII. The Diet Drink. Take Roots of Monks
Rhubarb fhced, and Roots of red Madder, of each
S Ounces : Sena 4 Ounces : Anifeed bruifed. Liquo-
rice bntifed, of each 2 Ounces: Agrimony, Scabi-
ous of each one Handful , which cut a little
with a Knife, put them into an Earthen Stean,
or a fmall Wooden Cask , which may hold 4 Gallons
or better .- affttfe thereon 4 Gallons of Strong new
Ale ; which let fland for 3 Days. At the end of
that time the Patient may drink of it, as ordinary
Drink for 3 Weeks or a Month together, (and the
longer it is continued the better) providing another
like Cask of the fame , to have in readinefs one
under another. It is faid to Cure the Dropfy
Jaundice, Gout, Rhumatifm, Spleen, Rickets in
Children, Kings-Evil, and aU mamer of Itch
Manginefs, Scabs, Puftules, and other Breakings
out in the whole Body : it purifies or cleanfes the
Blood from all Corruption, prevails againft the
Green-Sickneft, and admirably opens all manner of
obft ructions of the Stomach, Lungs, Liver, Spleen
Mefentery, Reinsand Womb, provoking the Terms
when ftopt, after a lingular manner.

XIV. The Bonder of the Roots. A Dramandba/f
or 2 Drams of the Fonder of Monks Rhubarb mixt
with Ginger in Fonder a Scruple , and taken falling
in a Dilh of warm Broth or Poflet Drink, Purges
Choler and Flegm very gently and lafely without
any the leaft danger. The Fonder of the Root of
the Baftard Rhubarb dees the fame thing, but is

more

it

i ii

830 Salmons Herbal. Lib. L

more effectual, both tor inward and outward Dil-
eafes. It is good a gain It a Quinfy, Baftard Quin-
ly, fcrophulous or Itrumous Tumors in the Neck
jtnd other parts, comonly called the Kings-Evil, as
alfo Swellings and Kernels behind the Ears : It
gives eafe in the Strangury , helps fuch as are
troubled with the Stone, Sand and Gravel, pro-
vokes Urine , and is good for fuch as are troubled
with dimnefs ot Sight.

XV. The Pouder of the Roots Compound. Take
Roots of Monks or Baftard Rhubarb in fne Pouder
2 Drams: Re fi nous fa/ lap in fine Pouder 2 Scru-
ples : be)} Scammony in fubtil Pouder a Scruple :
Cloves in Pouder i Dram : mix them for 4 Dofes
for a Man or Woman. It cures the Scurvy, Drbply,
Gout, Rhumatifm, Jaundice, Kings-Evil, Pally,
Scabs, Itch, and all forts of Puftules and other
breakings out whatfoever; It prevails a gai nit Agues,
Purges off Choler , Elegm , and watery Humors,
cleanfes throughly the Stomach, and Bowels, and
opens all obftruftions of the Liver, Spleen, Me-
fentery, Reinsand Womb.

XVI. The Pouder oj the Seed. That made of
the Seed of Patience , cools, aftringes or binds, and is
of extraordinary ufe in Hopping Fluxes of the
Bowels, and in fpitting of Blood. The Seed of
the Bafiard Rhubarb , is alfo manifeftly aftringent,
and is faid to cure the Bloody Flux, given in a
Glafs of Red Styptick Wine. It eafes the gnawing
griping pains of the Stomach ; and takes away
Naufeoufnefs, and loathing of Food : The Pouder
of either of them may be given every Morning
Fatting, and at Night at Bed time, from a Dram
to two Drams, in a Glafs of Red Port, or Barcelo-
na Wine.

XVII. The Diftilled Water. Drawn from either
of the Plants, it is good to cool and allay Infia-
mations, cleanfes the Face and Skin from external
Defcedations or Defilements, and is very profitable
to heal running Sores, foul Ulcers, and Scabbinefs
in what part of the Body foever.

XVIII. Kota. Tho’ Monks Rhubarb is of the
Nature of the True Rhubarb , yet the Bajlard
Rhubarb approaches the nearelt thereto; and is
much the itrongeft and beft of thefe two ; it has
not only the fhape and proportion of the True Rhu-
barb, but the fame color both within and without,
with very little difference: they agree alfo as well
in Tafte and Smell; and it colors the Spittle of a
yellow color, when it is chewed in the Mouth, as
Rhubarb does; and it Purges the Belly after the
fame gentle manner as the right Rhubarb does ; only
herein it differs, that this mutt be given in at leaft
the double quantity to that.

PASSIONS, fee Biftort, Chap. 76.

PASTEL, fee Woad, Chap.

PAUL’S BETONY, fee Speedwell, Chap.
PEACH, fee Peach Tree, Lib. II.
PEACH-BELLS, fee Bell-Flower, Chap. 64.
PEACH-WORT, fee Arfmart Dead, Chap. 31,
PF. ARE-TREE, fee Pear-Tree, Lib. II.

PEAR PLANT, fee Gromwel, Chap. 328.

CHAP. DXLVIH.

Of PEASE Manured.

T H‘ E fT“!”es-. is - called in Creek.
n* , lU°”\ $ u‘°w T"' in Latine, Pifum

in Enghjh Peafe, mi manured

II. The Kinds. Of Peafe there are feveral forts
,1. Pifum Cultatum Pifum Hortenfe, Manured

Peafe , of which m this Chapter. 2. Pifum, vet
rK L‘"bfius Annum, Annual Chich-Pealh
or Chichings, ot which we have fpoken in Chat
126 , aforegoing. 3. nU Pifum arreflc
Pijum Syheftre , Wild Peafe of which in Chap
549- 4- Cscer Satwmf? Syheftre , Chich Peafe
Garden and Wild, of which in Chap. yyo. y ci-
cenulafaihyrus, Pifum Perenne, Peafe Everlaffing"
of which in Chap, yy i. following.

III. The Kinds of the Manured Peafe. There
are many forts of the Manured Peafe as i The
Early Peafe or Pulham Peafe. 2. ’ The Green
Hailing. 3. The White Hafttng. 4. The Sugar
Peafe. The Rouncmal 6. The Gray Peafe
7. The ■ Spotted Peafe. 8. Peafe without Skins. 9
rujted, or Scotch Peafe. 10. Pifum rubrum Pi-
!um quadratum, Lotus Siliquofus F lore rubella ’ Lo-
tus tetragonolobus , Square Codded Peafe. 11. Pi-
fim cordatum , Heart Peafe. Of thefe Species be
caufe of their great likenefs one to another in their
Stalks, Leaves, Flowers, and manner of growing
we mall give you but one Defcription having the
tenth and eleventh Kinds, which lhall be paftru-
larly fpoken to.

The Getter a l Defcriptio/i.

IV. The Roots of all the forts of Manured Peafe are
Jmall and fibrous , and quickly perilh after Sard
time. Garden Peafe are for the moft fan the
greatefi, and the f meet eft Kinds , and are fuHainrd
with Stakes or Bufhes. The Field Peali 1 are not
fo managed, becaufe of the almoft i„fmttc
Labor, bejtdes Charge, and therefore grow as they
naturally pleafe , without any fuch trouble. They
(all of them) firing up with long weak, hollow
and brittle ( while they are young and green )
whitifh green Stalks, branched out into many parts
and at every Joint where it fireads out a Branch
there is one round broad Leaf, encompajftng the
Stalk about, fo that they come as it were through
it. The Leaves are IVinged, made of feveral fmall
Leaves, growing from a middle Rib, of a whitiftr
green color, with Tendrels or Clafpers at the end.
of the Leaves, by which it takes hold of whatfo-
ever ft ends next to it. Between the Leaves and
the Stalks, come forth the flowers, Jlanding two
or three together , every one by it fell on its
own feveral foot Stalk, which are either wholly white
or purple, or mint white and purple, or purple and
blew : The Cods are long, and fomewhat round or
full and bunching out, of which fome are greater
fame lejfer, fome thick and Jhort , fame plain and
fmooth , others a little crooked at the ends in
which are contained feveral forms of Peafe in

Number

Peafe Garden Early.

Peafe Field.

Peafe Roancivals .

Number from one to nine inclufive (I never faw
ten : ) of which fome are round , others almojt cu-
bical • fome finally fome great : fome white , fome
green, fome gray, others f potted, &c.

V. The tenth , or Square Codded Peafe. Its
Root is fmall and Fibrous like the former , and

' perjfhes every Tear. It is a pretty Kind of Fulfe ,

and might for the form of the Leaves be very well
referred to the Kinds of Lotus or Trefoils. It has
three or four fmall weak Stalks , which fpread
the mf elves out into many Branches , having two
Stalks of Leaves at every Joint , and three fmall
foft Leaves fianding on a very fmall Toot Stalk ,
coming from the Joints. The Flowers grow for the
tnoji part two together , of a perfeff red or crim-
fon color ; like in form aim ft , to the Common
Garden Peafe BlofTom: after which come long,
thick, and round Cods, with two Skins or Films,
running all along the Cod , at the "Back or upper
fide ', and two other fuch like Films , all along the
Belly or under fide of the Cod -, which makes it feem
to be four Jquare: in which is contained, round
dif colored Peafe , Something f mailer , end harder
than the ordinary Peafe.

VI. The eleventh, - or Hem Peafe, which fome
call alfo, Fifum Veficarium, Bladder Peafe. Cor
Indum, and Cor Indicum ( becaufe they fir ft came
from the Indies.) It has a Root which is
very fmall, Bufhy and Stringy, with many Fibres
adjoining to it, and perifhing every Tear at the firji
approach of Winter. It rifes up and fpreads much,
if it has a good Soil to grow in , having fever al
fiender weak Stalks, which will lye down upon the
Ground, and entagle it felf with the Clafpers which
it has , unlefs it be fifiained with Stakes, Bufhes,
or fome fitch like thing . Thefe Stalks fend forth

large ,

8p

SalmonV Herbal. Lib. I.

Peafe Heart.

large , long , thin , and very green Leaves on all
fidcs, upon long foot Stalks, being divided either
into three or five parts, each of which is much rent
or cut in on the edges. At the Joints with the
Leaves from the middle of the Stalks almofl up-
wards, and at their tops afio, come forth fever al
fmall whit ifh Flowers, fct together upon a foot
Stalk , each con fifing of five fmall Leaves apiece,
which being pafi away, fmall Bladders fucceed in
their places, in which are contained the Grains or
Peafe : thefc Bladders grow whit if) as they ripen, ha-
ving Six Ridges, of which three are the more emi-
nent, and open into three parts . in each whereof
lies one round, hard , blackifh Seed , of the bignej's
of a great Pea, fpotted on the out fide with a mark,
■much of the form of a Heart, as it is painted on
Cards, whence came the Name.

VII. The V laces. A 11 thefefeveral forts of Peafe
grow with us only inGardens,zi\d the worfer fort of
them in Manured Fields, for the profit of the Huf-
hand-Man. The tenth is only Sown in Gardens
ahd fo alfo the eleventh, being firlt brought to us
out of Italy and other places, being originally (as
is fuppofed) a Plant of Indian growth.

VIII. The Times. They are all Sown in the
Spring : The firft ten Kinds Flower in June, July,
and Augufi, and the Grain, or Peafe ripen in the
mean Seafon. The eleventh Flowers in Augufi or
September and the Grain or Peafe is ripe in Sep-
tember or October.

_ IX. The Qualities. We fpeak now of the firft
nine or ten Kinds of Peafe: they are hot andmoift
in the firft Degree, Aperitive, Abfterfive, and
Diuretick-, Stomatick, Nephritick, and Arthri-
tick ^ Chylifick, Analeptick and Spermatogene-
tick.

X. The Specification. They are peculiar againft
the Strangury, or ftoppage of Urine, Sand, Gra-

vel, Stones and Tartarous Mucilage or Slime in
the Reins , Ureters , and Bladder : Breed good
Chyle , nourifh much, and reftore in Confump
tions.

XI. Hippocrates fays, That Peafe are left windy
than Beans, and pafs fooner thro’ the Belly. And
Galen fays, That Peafe in their whole fubftance
are like unto Beans , and are eaten after the fame
manner, but that they differ in two things, viz.
That they are not fo windy as Beans, nor altoge-
ther of fo cleanfing a faculty ^ and that they are in
a mean between thofe things which nourifh much,
and nourifh little j and which are windy, and not
windy.

XII. The Preparations, i. An £ (fence of the
Leaves and green Cods. 2. A Meal or Flower of
the dry ed Peafe. 3. A Decotlion of Peafe. 4. A
firong Broth or Pottage. 5. A Cataplafm of Peafe
Meal. 6. The Afhes of Peafe Strata and Cods. 7.
A Difiilled Water from Peafe Bloffoms, or from the
whole Plant. 8. A Volatile Spirit, Oil and Salt
Difilled by Retort from dryed Peafe.

The Virtues.

XIII. The Effencoof the Leaves and green Cods.
It is highly Aperitive, Abfterfive and Diuretick
opens Obftru&ions of the Reins, Ureters and Blad-
der, breaks Gritty Stones, and expels from the Reins
and Bladder, Stones, Gravel, Sand, and Slimy
Humors in great quantities. Dole 2, 3, or 4
Spoonfuls or more in a Glafs of White Port or
Lisbon Wine.

XIV. The Meal or Flower of Peafe. Made into
a Pudding with Milk and Eggs, tho* it is Abfter-
five and Diuretick, yet it nourifhes very much
and being much or long eaten, it reftores in Con-
fumptions, the Patients Drink being every Day
new Milk. Bread made thereof, or Cakes, and
eaten while they are new, are alfo reftorative;
they very much ftrengthen the whole Body, pro-
voke Luft and encreafe Seed.

XV. The Decoftion of the Peafe either green
alone, or with the Cods, or dryed. It is a famous
thing againft the Strangury and all ftoppages of
Urine, Stone Gravel, Sand, Slimy Mat-
ter, tfic. It opens all obftruefions of the Urinary
parts, expels the obftruHing matter, and eafes
the Pain. Dofe 6 or 8 Ounces fweetned with
Honey.

XVI. The firong Broth or Pottage. It is 'of
great nourifhment; and if it is made good and
ltrong with Knuckles of Veal, and Legs of Pork,
and {trained from the Hulls of the Peafe, and then
be eaten as daily Food, it wonderfully reftores
in Confumprions, Cherifhes Languifhing Nature,
increafes Seed, and provokes Luft extreamly. It
ftrengthens the Bowels, and ttops all forts of Lasks
or Fluxes: and has fuch. a Power in it as to cure
Impotency in the Male Kind, whether it be from
a weaknefs in the Inftruments of Generation, or
from a defeat of Seed. It may be made pleafant
and favory with a little Pepper and Salt, Juice
of an Orange or Linton, and a little Sweet
Butter.

XVII. The Cataplafm of the Meal. If it is
made with Vinegar , 'with a little Oil, it repreffes
and Difcuffes Tumors in Womens Breafts,. proceed-
ing from too great a quantity of Milk, or from its
Curdling therein: applyed to the Tefticles which
are Swoln, it difcuffes the Tumor, and eafes the
pain. If it A made with Wine and Folks of Eggs ,
and applyed to weak Joints it ftrengthens them :

applyed

Chap. 549* ‘EngHJb Tterbs,

applied alfo to fwoln and watering -Eyes it
helps them. If it is . made with Wine , Talks
and Whites of Eggs, Double refined Sugar, and
Beef Suet: and then Eryed in a Frying-Pan,
and fo eaten with a little White Sugar and
Juice of Oranges , It good to reltore [fuch
as are Impotent , encreafe Seed , and provoke
Luft.

XVIII. The AJhes of the Straw and Cods.
Being Infufed in Ale , Beer, or. Wine, the
Infufton is very Aperitive, and Diuretick; it
opens all Obftmftions of the Reins and Blad-
der, is good againft Sand, Gravel, Stone and
Strangury, and prevails againft the Scurvy,
Dropiy , jaundice and Gout. The AJhes made
into a Cataplafm with Hogs Lard, and apply-
cd, is good againft old Aches or Pains, Sciatica
and Gout, whether in the Hands, Arms, Knees,
or Feet.

XIX. The Diftil/ed Water from the Bhf-
fonts or whole Plant. It is a Cofmetick, or a
beautifrer of the Face and Skin : it cools ,
foftens, whitens, and makes fmooth the Skin,
the Face Or Skin being often warnt with
it, and fuffered to dry on. It is alfo good
againft Stone, Gravel, Sand and Slime in the
Reins and Bladder, and gives eafe in the
Strangury. Dofe 4, 6, or 8 Ounces, fweet-
ned with the Syrup of Violets , Honey , or the
like.

XX. The Volatile Spirit, Oil, and Salt. They

are made exa&ly in all refpeQs . as thofe of
Beans, in Chap. SeS. 16. aforegoing of

this Book. The Volatile Salt of Peafe, is one
of the moft Subtil and Volatile Salts, being
of the fame ufe with all other Volatile Salts.
It prevails againft all Difeafes of the Head,
Brain, Nerves, Spleen, Reins, Womb, and
Joints: as Apoplexies, Epilepfies, Vertigo’s,
Megrims, Head- Aches, Lethargy, Cams, Colds,
Vapors, Hyfterick Fits, Colicks, Gouts, Rheu-
matifms, Cfc. and kills Worms in the Stomach
and Belly. Dofe is from 7 Grains, to 14,
in Wine, or any other proper Vehicle, Morn-
ing and Night. The Spirit has all the fame
Virtues and may be given from 10 Drops to
30 in Wine, Water, iVc. The Oil isftronger:
It ought to be reflified after the ufual man-
ner, and is chiefly for outward Applications:
you may mix it with Oil of Ben , or of Bit-
ter Almonds, and anoint the Stomach and Navel
for Vapors and Fits of tits Mother.

T be Virtues of the Heart Peafe.

XXI. Cordtts on D iofeorides fays , Thefe Peafe
are a great provoker to Sleep , even to the Danger
ol Lite , if the quantity given be too large : he
fays That he tryed this upon himfelf, and
found it to be dangerous in ptovoking Sleep,
if taken in too great a Dofe -, but he alfo
fays, it caufes a pleafantet and fweeter Sleep
than 'opium does. Dodonsus fays, that this Plant
is the Abrtmg, or Abrugi of Serapio, in his
Chap. 153. where he has thefe Words, Abrong
is a fmall Crain , /potted with black and white,
like unto the Grain Maiz. It has the form
of a Heart upon it in white; and therefore Ta-
bernttmontams calls it Cardijpermon. It is alfo
faid to be available againft Paintings, and other
Difeafes of the Heart, and this is probable
enough to be true, for if it has the proper-

ties of Opium in it, to caufe pleafant and
fweet Sleep, as Cardus fays , it may well have
thofe effects alfo, as to comfort and chear the
Heart, and refill Fainting and Swooning Fits,
and other like difaffe£lions of that noble Part.
I find not what Dofe is given of it , That the
induftrious Artift is to find out by many Tryals,
beginning with a fmall quantity firft, and fo
increafing it gradually, till he finds how
much will fufficiently do, and may be fafely
exhibited.

CHAP. DXLIX.

Of P E A S E Wild.

f ' I ' H E Karnes.' It is called in Creek ,
X Him lur&v, xj lliavv ityeiov : in Latine ; Pi-
fum agrefte & Pifum Sy/vellre : ill Englijh \vild
Peafe.

II. The Kinds. Authors have given us feveral
forts hereof; thofe which we (hall take notice of
in this Work, are only thefe following, viz. 1.
Pifum Sylveftre commune , Pifum Sylveftre primum.
The firft, or Common Wild Peafe. a. Pifum Syl-
veftre alterum , The fecond, or other Wild Peafe.
3. Ochrus Theophrafti in his de caufts Plan-

tarum. Lib. 4. Chap. 2. ErviltaPlmij , in Lib. 18.
Chap. 7. which is now its ufual Name.- Aract/s ttiger
Mattbioli (which is erronious) Ervilia Sylveftris
Dodonai, Ochrus Sylveftris , five Ervilia Lobelij-,
Cicer ervinum Lugditnenfis , Orchas Parkinfom,
Ervilia Elore Sf Frullu albo Lobelij , White
winged Wild Peafe. 4. Ervilia altera , ’Blackifh
winged Wild Peafe. 5. Pifum Spontaneum Mari-
timum Anglicum, Englifh Wild Sea Peafe. 6. Pi-
fum aliud Maritimtim Britanicum, The other Englifh
Sea Peafe, or Suffolk Peafe. 7. Pifum Sylveftre
nigrum maculattim Bteticum, Spanifli black fpotted
Wild Peafe.

T he Defcriptio/is.

III. The firft, or Common Wild Peafe. It has
a Root which is as thick as ones Linger, and
long, with many fibres adjoining. This Plant
does little differ from the Manured, either in its
rambling corner’d Stalks, or in its broad, fit iff,
green Leaves, two always being Jet at a joint
and fix or more leffer ones , on the Branches
which end in a Clafper. The Flowers are white ’
many f landing on a foot Stalk together , which
turn into fo many Cods , each of them much
fmaller than the Manured, and the Seed, Grain
or Vttlfe within , much lefts alfo , and of no Plea’
font Tafte.

IV. The fecond, or other Wild Peafe, Its
Root abides many Tears , and is much like the
firft ; but the Branches of this are ficarcely half
a Foot long, with broder, and /barter Leaves on
them , yet like the former but more pale. The
iods and Peafe likewife differ not much in form ,
but are much lefs.

V. The third, or White winged Wild Peafe.
Its Root is fmall and long, with fame Fibres
adjoining, which wholly perifhes every Tear . This

5 0 kind

834

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

kind of Peafe has two or three Stalks at the
miff, which are broad and flat, welled or 'wing-
ed at the Jides , with fame what long Leaves
J "hooting from them , f mall at the Jetting on
to the Stalk, and broader towards the end,
as it were growing from the middle Rib of
the other , at the top of which comes forth
two or three twining Clafpers. This Plant ne-
ver foots forth any Branches, but the Leaves
from almoff the of the Stalks -upwards

Peafe Wild Winged.

are parted as it were at their tops into one
°r two f nailer Leaves-, or rather one or two
f mailer Leaves grow at the top of them with
the Clafpers between them. At the foot of ihcfe
Leaves ^ fcrljj jingtc r lowers, like to the

Cicer or Garden Chich Peafe in the following
Chapter, which are wholly white, and turn into
final l , round , long Cods, with fmall crooked
points at the end, and Films at the Backs, in
which are contained fmall , round , whitijh Peafe,
a little bitterifh.

VI. The fourth, or Blackifh winged white
Peafe. This in its Roots, Stalks, Leaves, Flowers,
and manner and form of growing, differs no-
thing from the laft Defcribed , faving in the
color of the Flowers , which in this /ire tending
to a reddifh purple: the Peafe in the Cods alfo
afe more dusky, tending to black.

VII. TJoe fifth , or Englifh Wild Sea Peafe.
The Root of this peri Uses not every Tear, and
in its Roots , Stalks , Leaves , Flowers , and Cods,
and manner of growing, differs not much from
the fecond fort before defcribed: but herein
this differs from that , viz. That it groves
fomewhat greater, and bears many Flowers to-
gether in a Tuft, mixt of purple and Afh
color : and the fucceeding Husks or Cods are
fmall and long .

Peafe Sea Wild Englilh.

VIII. The fixth , or other Englilh Sea Peafe
or Suffolk Peafe. Its Root runs down incredibly
deep into the Ground, etientwo Fathom, or twelve
Pcet deep at leaf , and fpreading infinitely (as it
were) therein , among the very Stones and Beech
of the Sea. From the Head of this Root fp rings up
a triangular Stalk full of Joints y bending to the
Ground, with two Leaves at every Joint, braplCf,.
ed forth in divers Places with winged Le W£s (lt
them, conflfling of ten or twelve <\jry cr,-een
Leaves, Jet by couples or pans on a 'middle Rib
with a fmall Clafper at the end ^ eac]j Leaf not
being much unlike to Sea POrfiane. The Flowers
grow towards the Tops o* tjae Branches, 8 or io
fet together in a Chip \er^ upon a fmall long Stalk,
which both for for m and color, are very like to
the flrji Kind 0f Wild Peafe, but with a white-
tie fs in th ' middle, ivhen it is full blown. The ■
Fruit or Cods which follow , are lefjer than thofc
of thc Common Field Peafe, and contain (many
tiKies) 8 or io Peale in a Cod, each of which
has the whitenefs called the Eye of the Pea,
■which cncompafles half the Pea, like a Semicircle,
the which being Ripe and dry are of a darkifh
color. About a lard deep or more under the
Stones, there is found feme Sand, or f indy Earth,
in which the Roots of this Plant fpreai, which
rae not great, but /lender pliant and flexible, not
fweet but bitter, as the whole Plant is, and the
Peafe alfo. The old Stalks dye away every Tear 5
but from the old Head of the Root , toil/ J, hoot
many long, white Tendrels, like the Root of the
Email Bind- weed, by which it wonderfully encr cafes,
and not by the Seed , as has been found by Expe-
rience. For that the Seed falling upon , or among
the Stones of the Beech , it is fcarcely pofjible it
fhould grow there , there being no 'Pabulum or
Earth to nourifh the fame , till you dig two or

three

%

Chap; 550, ‘EngUjh Herbs .

three Feet deep \ the Birds alfo for the 7nofi part de-
vour it all. All this Parkinfofl fuppofes to be true „
for that he Sowed fomc of the Seed or Peafe in hit
Garden, but they would never Spring up. How-
ever, tho this matter of Fall may be true .• yet ’ tis
probable , */;u/ if the Seed or Grain had been Sown
in a Ground or Soil proper thereto , it might
have grown , not with (landing what Parkinfon has
/aid.

IX. The feventh , <?;* Spanifh black fpotted Wild
Peafe. This Kind differs not much neither in its
Root , ( which Ferijhes every Tear) Stalks , Branches ,
Leaves , Flowers nor Cods , /rfl/zz twr frjl fort oj
Wild Peafe deferibed in this Chapter , but in ?nany
things ti is like, let it is leffer , and the Flowers
are of a pale yellowifh green color : and the Peafe
<?7r of a dark color fpotted with very black Spots like
Velvet.

X. 'The Places. The firft has been found in
many places of England. The fecond , on the
Chalky Hills, at Kings-Hay in Kent, not far from
the Thames : there is a larger fort of this fecond
Species, which has been found in fome Barien
Fields i nEffex. The third and fourth grow with
us only in our Gardens , but hotel fays, they grow
naturally in Lombardy. The fifth has been found
growing near Romney in Kent. The fixth was
found growing Anno 1557 , being the third Year
of Queen Mary I. between Orford and Albrough.
where it grew upon the Beech of the Sea , in
places where never Grafs or Herbage was evei
leen to grow, but the neighbouring People there-
abouts laid, that they had obferved, and known
them to grow there of a long time before. In
that Year there was a great Dearth, fo that many
were forced to make Bread of Acorns , and the
People gathered many Quarters of thefe Peafe
(being in great necelfity) to eat them for Food,
and keep them from Starving, which at that time
might be accounted a great bleifing from Heaven.
Stow in his Chronicle -, and Cambden in his Britania ,
make mention of thefe Peafe : but vainly thought
that they might firft come thither by fome Ship-
wrack. But this isfalfe,forit is a lingular Plant fui
Generis , fpecially differing from all the other Kinds:
and this is true, from its form and tafte : but befides
it has been found growing in other places about the
Sea Shore (which feems to be natural to it) as at
Rye in Kent, at Pern fie in Suffex •, at Gifford in
Surty , over againft the Comber ■, and at Ingolne
Mills in Lincoln-Jhire. The feventh grows in
Spain, from whence it has been brought into our
Gardens.

XI. The Times. Thefe all Flower, and bear
their ripe Fruit with the latter Kind of Field
Peafe: The fixth Kind Flowers about the end
of July, and the Cods are ripe about the end
of Auguft.

XII. The Vitalities, Specification , Preparations ,
and Virtues of thefe are the fame with thofe of
the Manured Kinds. The third and fourth Kinds
(according to Galen ) are in a mean or middle pro-
perty between thofe which nourifh much, and lit-
tle, and which are eafie and hard of Digeftion,
but they are hot and moift, and have a drawing,
digefting, cutting, and cleanfing Faculty ^ that they
alfo purge the Liver, Spleen and Reins ^ cleanle
the Skin from Scurff, Morphew, Leprofie, Tettars
and Ringworms, diffolve hard Tumors in the Cods,
and heal Apoftems, running Sores and putrid Ul-
cers, the Meal being mixt with Honey : and this
is tpoken in General, of all the Kinds.

CHAP. DL.

Of PEASE - CHIC Hi

0 R,

C I C E Pi , Garden and Wild.

1 TP H E Karnes. It is called in Arabic k,
. 1 Champs , Hams , Achamos •, or Halhamos :

in Greek, ’Ef IC/vOof, & tfiCwQof y.eils : in Latin Ci-
cer: and in Englifh, Chich Peafe, and Cicers.

If The Kinds. Of this Plant there are two
Principal Kinds, vuc. 1 . EgiGivQcf Cicer fati -

vum, yel hortenfis. Garden Chich Peafe, or Cicer.
2. ’'EjsC/j'Qc; ayei©-, Cicer Sylveflre , Wild Chich
Peafe, or Cicer.

III. The Garden Kinds of Cicers. There are
feveral of this Species, as, 1. EpeC/vQo? xe/of Cicer
Arietinum, White Garden Chich Peafe, RamsChi-

hes. Rams Peafe; and Rams Cicers. i. Cicer
rubrum , Red Cicer, or Chich Peafe. 3.
Cicer nigrum , Black Cicer, or Chich Peafe. This
is Mdttholus his red and black Geer, but the red
in time changes into black; thefe three differing
only in their colors, will merit but one general
Defcription, which we fhall give you in SeS. V.
following.

IP. T be Wild Kinds of Cicers. There are eight
forts of the Wild Kind , viz. 1. Cicer Sylveftre
Alatthioli , Dodonxi, Lugdunenfis CS Dalechampij ;
Cicer Sylveftre majus Thalij ; Cicer Sylveftre Her-
banorum Lobelij -, The greater Wild Cicer 2
Geer Sylveftre minus Cicer Sylveftre minimum
Sbah] ; The leffer Wild Cicer. 3. Cicer Mont a-
num Langmnofum , Baubini ; The Woolly Moun-
tain Cicer. 4. Cicer Montanum Z&uw Baubini-
Mountain Cicer without any Stalk. Cicer Syl-
veftre Tripbyllum ; Cicer Sylveftre veri us Lobelij ■
Cicer Sylveftre alterum aliorum , Trefoil Wild
Ctcer 6. Cicer Sylveftre alterum tripbyllum-
Cicer Sylveftre fecundum Da/echampij Lugdunenfe ■
The fecond three Leav’d Wild Cicer. 7. Cicero
iesuui, free Aracus major Bceticus ; The nreater

Spanifh Wild Chichling Peafe. 8. AracZ^r
Lufitamcus, The leffer Wild Chichling Peafe.

The General Defcription of the

Garden Kinds.

V. They have a fmall Root which peri the ,
every tear: The Ram or white Chich Peafe
(and fo of the other,) has Stalks of a Lard
long, on which do grow winged Leaves -a that is
many fmall and almoft round Leaves dented

vT ‘A fet on bo,h flics °f u middle

Rib. At the Joints come forth one or two blowers
upon Jhort foot Stalks , Peafe fajhion either
white or whtifh- or elfe purplijh red l If
or deeper accord, ng ns the Peafe which %/Z
-y be, which are contained in fmall, thick, aAd

Jhort Pods or Cods (in which lye one, or two
Peafe, more ufually ) a little pointed at the
lower end, and almoft round at the Head yet
a little cornered or Jharp. This White Chich
Peafe is much ufed m Spain , fo that it j f

tfs °m'°f ,her Ch’eJ iDi^S “ M ,heir

S 0 2 Peafe

The Descriptions of the Wild Kinds

VI. The fir ft , or Greater Wild Cicer. It has
hard and woo.ly Root, which lives Ions,

Chicb Wild.

winged Leaves
of many , every one
'of them being Jmall , and longer than thofe of the
Garden Kind before Dcferibed, not dented at all
about the edges , and of a fad green color. At
the tops of the Stalks, come forth many Tufts
of blowers, thick fet together , of a pale, yellomfh
color, almoft while, after which follow rough skinny
Cods, in Tufts alfo, each of than Jmall pointed at
the end-, within which are contained other Jmall
fimooth Husks, which have many Jmall, flat , yellow,
round Seed, (as Thalius Jays,) but Lugdunenfis,
makes the firft of Dalechampius, to have blackijh
flat Seed or Grains , and not like to lire Manured
Cicers , ( which Jome take to be both one , as a/Jo
that of Matthiolus.)

VII. The Jecond, or Lefler^Vild Cicer. T hit
in its Roots, Stalks, Branches, Leaves, Flowers,
Cods, Grains, and manner of growing, is altogether
like the former , but in this it only differs, that it
is not altogether Icffer in the whole , but leffer in
■very part.

VIII. The third, or Woolly Mountain Cicer.

It has upright round Stalks about a Foot high , and

Joft or woolly , Jpreading themjelves forth into
Jmall Branches, on which grow winged Leaves, ten
or twelve on a fide, of a middle Rib , with an odd
one at the end, each of which is joft or woolly,
and long like unto the Vetches, fome broader and
Jome narrower than ethers. At the tops of the
Branches, grow a Spike of rough pale colored
Flowers, and the Cods which follow, are Jomewhat
long and woolly, with a crooked Thread at the end,
containing within them fmall black Seed.

IX. The fourth , or Mountain Cicer without
Stalks. Its Root runs deep into the Earth, if the
Rocky Ground on which it grows does not hinder
it : from whence fipring feveral hairy foot Stalks
of Leaves, which contain about twelve or more of
a fide , fomething round yet longer than thofe of
the Garden Cicer , their edges being hairy ; and
Jome of them equally , others unequally Jet one
againfi another, totth an odd one at the end. The
Flowers grow near about the Root, being Jomewhat
long and pate ; and after them come Swoln Cods
having two partitions, full of fmall yellow Seed,
hke unto thofe of the Medicas, which are of a
Kidney fajhion.

X. The fifth , or Trefoil Wild Cicer. It has
a long Jlender Root with feme Branches and
Fibres adjoining ; from which rife up Stalks about
two Feet high , divided into fome Branches fpread-
ing abroad , on which are fet upon long foot Stalks
one above another. Leaves divided into three parts,
like the Wild Trefoil, and each of them larger,
thicker and rounder than thofe of the Garden
Cicer, a little dented about the edges. The
Flowers grow two or three together upon a long
foot Stalk , at the faints with the Leaves, which
are like the Garden Cicer Flowers , but larger.
The Cods that follow are fmall like unto the Gar-
den Kind, but fomething flatter, having Jome
fmall Leaves at their bottoms, within which ly
much f mailer Seed, and more flat, and rather like to
thofe of the Cicercula, in Chap. 126. aforegoing.

XI. The Jixth, or The l'econd three Leav’d
Wild Cicer. This has a. thick, long , Branched
Root, which is blackijh without, and whitijh with-
in. The Stalks are full of Branches, with Leaves
like unto Cicers, but three always Jet together,
and no more. The Flowers are red: and the
Cods are like unto the other Wild Cicers, but
hairy, and Jpotted zoirh red Spots.

XII. The Jeventh , or Greater Spanifh Wild
Chichling Peafe. It has a Root which is Jmall and

Fibrous..

Chap. 550. ‘Ennlijh Herbs.

fibrous , and perifhing yearly . It fpreads on the
Ground , with fever a l fquare , hairy , and ere fed
Stalks fometimes a yard, long or more -, /fo 7^-
z><jrd/ Joints of which , many dark green hairy

pointed Leaves fet on each fide of a middle Rib ,
which end in a Clafper , //fo Lentils, or Vetches, ./if
the foot of the Leaves , come forth Jingle blowers on
very fhort foot Stalks , of a dusky, wbitifh purple color ,
a?/V/? deeper purple Veins therein -, and of a deeper
purple at the bottom of the upper Leaves , »«r/ to
the Stalks : which when they they are pa ft, there
come in their places , fhort , thick , and a/moji
roundifh Cods , covered with a Jhort hairinefs there-
on-, within which lyes 3 or ground blackifli Peafe,
almoft //fo blackifh Velvet, as big as thofe of
the Cicercula, but not cornered.

XIII. The eighth, or Leffer Wild Chichling
Peafe. The Root of this perifhes likewife every
Tear , as the former does. In its Stalks, Leaves,
flowers , Cods , and Grain, it it much like the for-
mer, but leffer in all its parts, and nothing hairy.
The flowers are of a pale white (with us in Eng-
land) or of a wbitifh yellow Color. The Cods are
fmooth, fmaller, and not hairy, with fmaller, and
blackifh colored Peafe within them.

XIV. The Places. All the Manured or Garden
Cicers , or Chich Peafe , are Sown with us in Gar-
dens, or in fields, as other Peafe are, not only in
England, but in other Foreign Countries, where
they are Sown for Food, as in Spain, Etc. The
firft fix forts of the Wild Kinds, grow upon Hills and
in Woods, and fometimes by Hedge fides in Fields.
The feventh grows in Spain, and the eighth in
Portugal, from whence they are brought to us in
Seed, and areNurft up with us in Gardens.

XV. T he Times. The Garden Chich Peafe, tho’
they are Sown fooner than Peafe, yet they are ga-
thered at the fame time with them, or a little
after. The firft fix Wild Cicers , or Chich Peafe ,
Flower in July and uiuguft-, and the Cods or Seed
are ripe in Augufl or September. The feventh and
eighth Flower with us in the end of July, and the
Cods or Peafe are ripe in AuguJI or September.
But Boel who firft brought them out of thofe places,
viz. Spain and Portugal, their natural places, fays
that he gathered their ripe Cods or Peafe in April
and May.

XVI. The Vitalities. Garden Cicers or Chich
Peafe are hot and dry in the firft Degree-, Incifive,
Ablterfive, Diuretick, Nephritick, Hyfterick, Em-
menagogick, Chylifick, Analeptick, Galeftogene-
tick, and Spermatogenetick. The Wild Cicers or
Chich Peafe are fo much more powerful than thofe
of the Garden , by how much they exceed them
in heat and drynefs, perceived by their (harper and
more bitter Tafte ^ whereby , it is manifelt that
they much more open obftruftions, provoke Urine,
break the Stone, and have all thofe other proper-
ties of Inciding, Opening, Digefting and Diffolv-
ing, which are attributed to the Garden Kinds,
and that both more fpeedily and more certainly.
And Pliny fays, that if they be taken too largely,
they breed Wind, and loofen the Belly , but not
without Tome Pain.

XVII. The Specification. They are peculiar in
eafing the Strangury , breaking the Stone in the
Reins, expelling Sand, Gravel and Tartarous Mat-
ter from the Urinary parts, and provoke the Cour-
fes in Women. They prevail againft Pleuritick
Pains and Stitches in the Sides , carry off the
Dropfy, and Yellow Jaundice by Urine, are Emol-
lient, and cleanfe the Belly by Stool. The white
Ram Cicers, or Chich Peafe , are thofe which are
only ufed as Meat or Food, they are a little
windy, but are faid to Nourifh more than either

Peafe or Beans, for which reafon they are of extra-
ordinary ufe in curing ConJumptions -, Theyincreafe
Milk in Nurfes, and Seed mightily, both in Men
and Women, incite Luft powerfully, and cure
Barrennefs in both Sexes ^ which things all the
Kinds of Cicers do; and for which reafons they
are commonly given to Stallion Horfes. The
White are accounted a Delicacy among the Spaniards,
and commonly one of their choice Difhes in all
their Feafts, as we have before hinted. The other
Garden Cicers, but chiefly the Wild Kinds , are
molt ufed as Phyfick or Medicine.

XVIII. The Preparations. Y ou may make there-
from, 1. A Boiled Mefs, of the White Cicers or
Chich Peafe. 2. An Ejfence of the Leaves and
green Cods. 3. A Decoflion of the green Cods. 4.
A Meal or flower cf the Grain, j. Bread and
Puddings thereof, if of the white Rams Chich Peafe.
6. A Cataplafm of the Aleal or flower. 7. Afes
of the Straw and Cods : From which a fixt Salt
may be extraUed by Elixiviation. 8. A Dijilled
Water from the Flowers, or from the green Cods, or
from the whole Plant. 9. A Volatile Spirit , Oil,
and Salt of the dryed Cicers, as you make thofe of
Beans in Chap. 55;. Sell. 16. aforegoing. 10.
ftrong Broth of the White Cicers, made by Boiling
till they break, with Knuckles of Veal, Mutton,
Pork, and Beef, Etc. and then (trained out from
the Hulls.

The Virtues.

XIX. The Virtues and Ufes of all the aforego-
ing Preparations are the fame with thofe of Beans,
in Chap. 55;. Sett. 10. ad 18. Chap. 56. Setf. 12.
ad 17. Chap. 57. Sett. 1 1. ad 1 7. And Chap. 748.
Sell. 13 ad 20 to all which you are referred for full
fatisfa&ion, thefe Cicers or Chich Peafe being alto-
gether of the fame Qualities and Nature.

XX. Not a. 1. Galen fays that Cicers are
windy Food, yet that they Nourifh more than
Beans,- provoke Urine more, as alfo enereafe Seed*
They are more cleanfing than Peafe or Beans ,
and thereby are faid to break the Stone in the
Reins.

XXI. A ota. 2. There is a Cream to be made of
them, by boiling them in Water, which being freely
eaten plentifully encreafes Seed in both Sexes, as
alfo Milk in Nurfes, it provokes Urine, and gen-
tly keeps the Belly folouble.

XXII. Not a, 3. The Decoffion of any of the
Cicers in Water, chiefly of the Wild, made with
Rofemary , Diofcorides lays is good for the Dropfy
and Yellow Jaundice. But tho’ the Wild Cicers
are faid to be the moft powerful for Medicine,
yet the white Ram Cicers or Chich Peafe, are faid
more powerfully to enereafe Milk and Seed, and
provoke LulL-

i XXII I- Not a. 4. The Broth Compounded. Take
Cicers 3 Ounces french or Hull'd Barly 2 Ounces ;
Marfh Mallow Roots 2 Ounces and half -, boil them
fuffi.de nt ly in Chicken Broth. Of this five or fix
Ounces may be taken in the Morning faffing,
againft Pains and Stitches in the Sides, Dropfy, Jaun-
dice, Gout, Rheumatifm , Etc. and thereby the
Belly will be gently Purged.

XXIV. A ota. 5. Diofcorides fay s that Cicers are
hurtful to fuch as have Ulcers in their Reins or
Bladder:, but I know no reafon for his fo report-
ing, unlefs it be from their great abfterfive or
cleanfing Qualities : however from the Experience
I have had of the ufe of them 1 am of the clear
contrary -Opinion.

XXV. Not a.

Everlafting.

THE Karnes. It is called in Greek,

}©- ■■ in Laline ; Lathyrus feremm ;

Cucircula , K Cicercula ft'rennis: in Eny/i/b. Peafe
Everlafting.

II. The Kinds. There are but three Species ob-
ferved of this Plant, viz , i. ActQUg@- *IJ)& (A/£w,
Lathyrus perennis major , Cicercula perennis major
Bauhini -, Clymerium Matthio/i ; Eruum Sylveftre
fuchfii -, Ervillium Cxfalpini •, Pifum Gracorum
Tragi ; Lathyrus Latifolius -, Pifum perenne , Peafe
Everlafting the greater. 2. Lathyrus perennis
angujtifolius •, OrobusVenetus Clujii , (but very im-
properly, for tho’ it came from Venice , yet it is
no 0 rob us : ) Blew upright Peafe Everlafting, Peafe
Everlafting narrow Leav’d. 3. Lathyrus perennis
Sylveftris Dodonxi. Wild Peale Everlafting.

Tbe Defcriptions.

III. The firft , or Peafe Everlafting the greater.
T/j R00/ ir great , Mwr/fc and rugged on the out fide ,
running dozen deep into the Ground -, it is of the

thicknefs fometimes of a Alans Arm , and whit if?
within , fpr ending it f elf out into fonie Branches ,
with a few fibres annexed to them. This Plant
abides long , and grows every Tear greater and
greater . It firft fprings up with many long , flat ,
flr broad , trailing Branches , cr Stalks , winged as it
were on both the fides , which muft be fuftained •,

<tre diver fly divided in to fever al other fmallerBranch-
es , at the fever al Joints of which , / land two hard
and not very broad Leaves , but fomewhaf long and
green, with divers Clafpers or TendreU in feveral
places with the Leaves , from between the Branches
and the Leaves , and at the ends of the Branches ,
At the Joints towards the top, and at the ends of
the Branches , awe forth pretty long Stalks , with
five or fix or more Peafe //&? BloJJoms, of a fine pale,
purplifh red color , very beautiful to behold , and of
a very pie af ant Smell. After which fucceed final l,
long , hard Shin’d, roundifh, and whit iff Cods, with
f mall round blackiff Peafe in them. This is that
which Lobel ctf//r Lathyrus folio Latiore, and has-
been found growing Wild , feveral places of

our Land.

IV. Tfo fecond, or Blew upright Peafe Everlaft-
ing, */• Peafe Everlafting narrow Leav’d. 7/j- Rw*
is black j hard or woody, abiding after Seed time, as
tbe former does , and (hooting af refh every Tear. It
has divers flender, but upright green Branches, fome-
what corner’ d, two feet high, or more, having at
feveral diftances on both fides of them, certain
winged Leaves, fet together upon long foot Stalks ,
one againft another , confiding of eight Leaves, a
little broadifh in the middle, and pointed, without
any odd one at the end. At the Joints towards
the tops , between the Leaves and the Stalks, come -
forth many flowers fet together , upon pretty long
foot Stalks, of the fafhion of the former Peafe
Blojfom , but fomewhat f mailer, and of a purplifh
blew, or Violet color : After which come fender or
long pointed Pods or Cods, rounder than the afore-:
going, in which are contained, fmall, round, grayifh
Peafe. This in its durability, form, and manner
of growing, differs not much , but in having fome-
what paler f lowers , and in the Leaves thereof,
which are narrower than they.

V. the third, or Wild Peafe Everlafting. The
Root of this is long, and endures for many Tears.
It bets longer winged Stalks, and fometlfing larger
Leaves, but Jhorter Clafpers or Tendrels than the
/aft : The f lowers are of a deep purple : And the Cods
arc long and flender, with fmall, hard, round Peafe
within them.

VI. tbe Places. It is laid that they have all of
them been found growing Wild with us, in feve-
ral parts of the Kingdom ^ but are ufually Che-
rifhed and Nurft up in Gardens for the beauty of
the Flowers.

VIL The Times. They all Flower about the
Months of June and July, to the end of Auguft 5
and the Grain , or Peafe are ripe in fome Ihorfc
time afterwards.

VIII. The Qualities, Specification , Preparati-
ons and Virtues of thefe. are the fame with thole
of Peafe, in Chap. 548. aforegoing, to which you
are referred. Galen fays, That Lathyrus is in
fubftance much like to Ervilia , and Phafelus, or
Beans -, and that the Country People in his Country
of Afu, did ufe them as they uled Phafelt, and
made them into Pottage, as they did Lentils .- but
fays he. They are of a thicker Confiftence than'
they, and that they Nourifh more

: h a p.

Chap. 552. £ nglijb Herbs.

Of PELLITORY of the Wall;

I. ' 1“' HE Karnes. It is called in Greek , 'Ea£w;,
_L (the firft quod foliorum & fe-

minum hirfutie v eft i bus adherent : the latter, quod
Ter dices ea hbent er vefcantur : ) in Latin, Hclxine ,
Per dictum. It is alfo called Parietaria , or Pa-
r it aria, alio Mur ahum, Ef Herb a Mural is (becaule
it naturally grows upon Walls.) And by fome
Authors, XJrceolaris , Vitrago , Ef Vitriolaris Herba.
Galen and Paulus AEgineta faid, That in their days
(alfo Cornelius Celfus , and Pliny out of him) that
feveral did call it Partbcnium , but this erronious
Name is fo Foreign to the Plant, that it needs no
refutation : in Englijh it is called Pellitory and
Paritary of the Wall.

II. Che Kinds. There are but two peculiar
Kinds ufed in Pnyfick, viz. 1. Parietaria vulga-
ris, Pcrd ici u m c ommunc, Hclxine vulgaris, Helxine
major, Parietaria major-. Our common or greater
Pellitory of the Wall, or Greater Parietary. 2. Pari-
effria, 7711,1 ff i Hclxine minor , Parietaria exigua
leffer Parietary , or Pellitory of the

The Descriptions.

III. The firft, or Our Common, or Greater Pel-
litory of the Wall. Its Root is fomewhat long ,
with many fmall Fibres adjoined thereto , of a dark
reddijh color, and abides all the Winter ( altho ’ the
Stalks with their Leaves perifh ) and fprings up again
afrejh every Tear. It rife s up with many browmfh,
red, tender and weak, clear, and almoft tranf parent
Stalks, about two Feet high. Upon which grow at
the feveral faints , two Leaves, fomething broad
and long, like unto thofe 0/ French Mercury, or
Amaranthus, called Flower Gentle, of a dark green
color, which afterwards turn brownifb, and fmootb ,
or not at all dented about the edges , which are a
little rough and hairy cut the Stalks alfo are. At
the Joints with the Leaves, from the middle of the
Stalks upwards , where it Jpreads it felf out into
fever al branches -, come forth many fmall pale pur-
plifh Flowers , in hairy, or fomewhat rough Heads
or Husks-, after which comes fmall black and rough
Seed, which will ftick to any Garment or Cloth it
Jhall touch.

IV. T he fecond, or Leffer Parietary, or Pellitory
of the Wall. Its Root is much like the former, and
the Plant grows in like manner as that does, but

Pellitory, )

f*. > of the Wall fmall.

Paritary ^

not fo great or high • having tender, reddijh
rough Stalks, J, mailer and Jhortcr than the other '
but with fomething greener Leaves thereon , yet
rougher, ( not much unlike to thofe of Bafil) fo that
they will ftick to any Cloth , ‘ or other thing they
touch. The Flowers and Seed differ not much from
thofe of the greater, but arc f mailer, and the Seed
is more like unto Purflane Seed (when rubbed out of
the Husk f,) than the former.

V. The Places. The firft grows Wild generally
throughout all England, about the Borders of
Fields, and among Rubbifh, and by or on the fides
of old Walls, chiefly Stone Walls * on the moift

Corners

Pellitory.

0 R,

Paritary

of the Wall common.

84

O

Salmon’ s Herbal Lib. 1.

Comers of old Church-Walls, and Scone
Buildings, and other like Places. I have feen
it grow plentifully upon the Stone Walls of the
Cathedral or Minjler of Ely, from which I have
fometimes formerly gathered it. It will thrive alfo
well enough, when Planted in Gardens bn the
(hady fide , and where it is moift withall } and il
a great deal of Stone of Brick Rubifh, and old
Mortar of Walls be mixed with the Earth, it will
thrive admirably well} and if it is fuftered to Seed
and Sow it felf, and then to fpring up ol its own
Sowing, it will not eafily be eradicated thence
afterwards. The fecond or lefler Kind is rare in
England as alfo in Germany , and is not to be found
growing naturally with us, but as it is Planted in
Gardens : thefe two fieldom grow together in one
place: and the latter keeps its green Leaves fome-
times all the Winter.

VI. The Times. They both Spring up in the
middle or end of April md in May } they Flower
in June and July, and the Seed is ripe in July or
Auguft, or not long after.

VII. The Vitalities. Pellitory of the Wall, is
faid to be cold and moift in the firft Degree. It is
highly Aperitive, Abfterfive, Anodyn, Diuretick,
Traumatick, Hepatick, Nephritick, Hyfterick,
and Arthritick.

VIII. TJ)e Specification. It cures the Strangury
and Dropfy } and is highly profitable againft the
Stone, Sand, Gravel or Tartarous Slime in the Reins
and Bladder is good again!! Coughs, and pains of
the Liver, Spleen and Womb.

IX. The Preparations. From the whole Plant
of Pellitory of the Wall you may have, i. A Li-
quid Juice. 2. An Ejfence. 3. A Syrup. 4. A
Decottion. 5;. A Cly filer.. 6. An Ointment. 7.
A Cataplafm. 8. A Diftilled Water. 9. An
Elettuary. 1 0. A Saline Tintture.

The Virtues .

X. The Liquid Juice. Given to the quantity of
6 or 7 Spoonfuls at a time, it gives wonderful eafe
to fuch as are troubled with the Strangury or fup-
prelfion of Urine , caufing them very fpeedily to
make Water, and to expel Sand , (Gravel , and
Stones or Tartarous Slime from the Reins and
Bladder, and carries off the Water in Dropfies,
to admiration, giving thereby a fpeedy cure to
that Difeafe. The Juice held a while in the
Mouth, gives eafe in the Tooth-ach * and dropt
into the Ears it eafes their Noife and Ringing,
and takes away pricking and (hooting Pains in
them. The faid Juice cools Infiamations, and is
good againft Burnings by Fire, or Scaldings with
Water : it prevails againft Anthonies Fire, or any
other eruptions of heat, being bathed often there-
with, and wet Cloths dipped therein being alfo
laid on. It is very effectual to cleanfe Fittula’s,
and to heal them, more efpecially if a little Honey
be mixed therewith.

XI. The Ejfience. It has all the Virtues of the
Liquid Juice , and may be given in the fame Dofe •,
It eafes the pains of the Liver, Spleen, Reins, and
Womb : and opens all their obftru&ions. Ufed as
a Gargarifm, it cures Inflamed, Swoln, Sore, and
Ulcerated Throats: and is profitable being inward-
ly taken, and outwardly applyed, for thq curing of
old running Sores, and putrid Ulcers in any part
of the Body, beyond many other things.

XII. The Syrup. It is made of the Jpice and
Honey : It has all the Virtues of the Juice and
Ejfience , and may be given Morning and Night, 2,

?, or 4 Spoonfuls either alone, or mixt with a
Glafs of White Port Wine. It is a peculiar thing
for the cure of the Dropfy. Therewith my Father
cured me of the Dropfy Anafarca. , when the hopes
of Life were almoft paft. I took 3 or 4 Spoon-
fuls of this Syrup Morning and Night for a Month
together : It carried off the Water after an admi-
rable manner , and I became perfectly well , with-
out fo much as taking one formal Purge.

XIII. The Decottion in Wine or Water. It has
the Virtues of the Juice , Ejfience and Syrup , bur
nothing near fo powerful, and may be given Morn-
ing and Night, to 6 or 8 Ounces mixt with
Honey it becomes an excellent Gargle for
an Inflamed, Sore, or Ulcerated Mouth and
Throat.

XIV. The Cly filer. It is made of the Juice or
Ejfience mixt with Honey. It eafes Pains in the
Sides, Back and Bowels, proceeding from Wind,
or the Stone and Gravel in the Reins. It heals alfo
a Bloody Flux, and Excoriations or Ulcers in the
Bowels.

XV. The Ointment or Liniment. It is made of
the Juice with Oil of Ro/es and Cerufie , or White
Lead. It is good againft Ignis Sacer , hot Erupti-
ons in the Skin, cleanfes foul, rotten filthy Ulcers,
and fuch as fpread or creep •, cures running Sores
and Scabs in Childrens Heads, and (lays the falling
of the Hair: applyed to the Fundament, it eafes
the Hemorrhoids or Piles and quickly cures them.
Mixed with Goats Suet, or a little Cyprus Turpen-
tine, it cures the Gout.

XVI. The Cataplafm. The Green Herb beaten
up with a little Wine , and applyed as hot as it
can be well endured to the Belly } it eafes the
Colick, and pains of the Bowels proceeding from
Wind. The Cataplafm of the fimple green Herb ,
with a little Salt, cures fimple green Wounds,
cleanfes old running Sores, and putrid Ulcers, and
caufes them to heal} and it is fo effeUual to heal
any fimple green Wound, that being bound thereto
for three days, it will heal it without any other
Salve, Balfam, Ointment or Medicine. If the
Cataplafm is made with Mallows, with Wheat Bran
and "Bean Flower, adding alfo a fujfiicicnt quantity
of Wine in the boiling them together , with a little
Oil Olive, and applyed warm to any bruifed Nerve,
Tendon, or Mufcle, it does in a ftiort time reftore
them to their priftine ftate of Health and Sound-
nefs, eafing the Pain, difeufling the Contufion, and
diffolving the coagulated Blood.

XVII. The Dijli/led Water. It has the Virtues
of the Juice, Efijence and Decottion, but in a much
Inferior or meaner degree. Mixt with Sugar and
Drank, it works the fame effefls. Applyed to the
Face or Skin, it is faid to clear it from Spots,
Freckles, Pimples, Wheals, Tanning, Sun-burn ,
Morphew, Scurff, Cfc. leaving the Skin clear,
fmooth and delicate.

XVIII. The Elettuary. It is made of the Lou-
der of the Herb , and a Rob of its Juice, mixt with
Honey. It is a fingular remedy for any old, con-
tinual or dry Cough, Afthma’s, (hortnefs of
Breath, Hoarlenefs, Wheezing, and other Diftem-
pers of the Breft and Lungs.

XIX. The Saline T Mure. It is excellent to
cleanfe the Reins, Ureters, Bladder, and Womb,
helps againft the Strangury, provokes Urine, and
brings away Tartar, Sand, Gravel and Stones, from
the Reins, Ureters and Bladder.

CHAP.

Chap. 553. ‘EngUfh Herbs

84,1

CHAP. DLI1I.

PELLITORY of Spain :

0 R,

SNEESEWORT.

I. Names. It is called by the Arabi-

X ans , Macarcaraha , or liacharcharha : in
Creek , x) rit??e9d?v '• in Latine , Ftarmica ,

£/ Fyrethrum : in Englijh , Pellitory of Spain , and
Sneefewort.

II. Tfo Kinds. There are feveral forts of
this Plant , as , 1 . Ftarmica vulgaris Farkin-
font-, Ft ar mica Fuchfij , Gefneri , Matthioli j
Ftarmica Sylvefirk Germanica Thalij P/or-
Fratenfis Cluftj * Ftarmica folio Taraconis
vcl Sternutamentoria Lobelij •, Fyrethrum Brum-
felfij •, Fyrethrum Sylvcflre Cordi } Ftarmica
five Draco Sylvefirk Dodon&i \ Tanacetum album
vel acutum vcl Millefolium Primum Tragi •
T arachon Sylvejire vel Aquaticum , C'* Drooo
Aquaticus Gefneri Dracunculus Fratenfis fcr-
rato folio Bauhini Common Field Pellitory or
Sneefewort. 2. Ftarmica Sylvefirk Flore plena
Sternutamentoria Flore pie no , Pyre 1 brum Flore
pleno Sylvejire , Common Field Pellitory with
a double Flower. 3. n-nte^w), Ftarmica vul-
garis Ojficinarum , Fyrethrum vulgaris Offici-
narum Fyrethrum aliorum , £? Salivaris ■, Py-
re thrum alter urn Lugdunenfis , Matthioli alio-
rumque $ Fyrethrum Ojficinarum Lobelij •, £5"

F/oro Bellidis , Bauhini , The Common Shop
Pellitory of Spain. 4. fiu'fn!),^ , f ob radicis
igneum fe>~uorem , * rrop , F/>r J Pyro-

thrum, G? Fyrethrum verum Diofcoridis Mat-
thiolo , Fyrethrum alterum Lobelij , Salivaris ,
( from its quality of attracting Spittle in the
Mouth ) Fyrethrum Diofcoridis Camerario • Py-
rethrum Umbelliferum , Umbelliferum pri-
mumj The true Pellitory of Spain. 5. Pyro-
/&r#;» Umbelliferum alterum , Fyrethrum Gef-
neri, 0Z Dalechampij , The other true Pellitory
of Spain.

T/;e Defcriptionr .

III. T/;o firj ?, or Common Field Pellitory
or Sneefewort. Its Root is long and vthitiff ,
Jointed at feveral dijlanccs , creeping far about
under Ground. It fhoots forth divers little
Stalks a Tard high and more , fprea'd out in-
to feveral Branches , o/z which are fct narrow
long Leaves pointed at the ends , and finely
dented about the edges , (landing one above
another up to the tops , where grow many white
Flowers , //z a round Tuft together , fomething
like to thofe of Yarrow or Millfoil,
a wry fmall yellowijh Thrum in the middle ,
bordered about with very fhort whitijh Leaves ,
dented in at the broad ends , which pajfing away ,
/oow behind them fmall Heads , with Chaffy Seed
therein. Both Leaf and Root are op an hot
fijarp biting Tafie , /i^<? azz/o //;<? True Pelli-
tory of Spain z/z Sefl. 6. following ■, and of which
it took its Name,

Pellitory of Spain Field.

IV. T/;o fecond , or Common Field Pellitory
with a double Flower. Irx Poo/x are many long
Strings , running here and there in the Ground.

: It has Jlraight and fender Stalks , befet with
long and narrow Leaves , /zz/r ro/zzzrf about
| the edges , 770/ unlike the former , and as

it were in all points like the firfi defer ibed
Wild Kind, ^rozox zzx almojt every

where. On the Tops of the Stalks fldnd four
or five , or woro ztw/Vo Flowers , one above ano-
ther , with a green Leaf at the bottom of the
foot Stalk of every one of them, being fmall, \
thick, and very double , w///; little yellownefs
in the middle of every Flower , Zz/fco, both for
form and color unto the Flower of the double
Featherfew, but fmdller. This Plant has no
Smell at all , but is very pleafant to behold , /or
//x double white Flowers fake.

V. T/;o ?/;/></ or Common Shop Pellitory
of Spain. Its Root is long , and growing down
right , of the bignefs of a Mans Finger or
1 humb , growing in our Country , but not half

fo great where it grows naturally , with fome
Fibres and Branches from the ftdes thereof , of
a very hot , fharp , and biting Tafie , drawing
much Water into the Mouth , after it has been
chewed a while. It is a fmall and low Plant ,
bearing many fine green Leaves , upon its fender
Branches , which lean , or lye down upon the
Ground , divided into many parts , 4-0/ fome-
what larger and broader , than Camomil,
iS/ a Iks whereof are bigger, and more full of
Juice than they. The Flowers grow at the
Tops of the Stalks , and are Jingle , but much
larger than any Camomil Flowers , having a
Pale, or Border of many Leaves , ivhite on
the upper fide, and reddifh underneath , fct
about a middle yellow Head or Thrum j but
not funding fo elefe together joining at the
t P bottom

84 -

SalmonV Herbal. Lib. L

Yellitory of Spain, Shop
Common.

bottom, at Camomil F lowers do, but more fevered
one from another. It bears alfo white Seed , which is
with difficulty found and dfcerned from the Chaff.
This Plant which is very tender, and will fcarcdy ,

Yellitory of Spain, Shop
Leller.

or not at all , endure the hardnefs and extremities
of our Winters, unlcfs it be preferved with much
Care. Of this there is another Species , not differ-
ing at all from it but in the Magnitude , this
-being in its Stalks , Leaves and Flowers muph
lefs.

VI. The fourth , or True Pellitory of Spam.
The Root grows fo me times at thick as two
Thumbs together , but often of a Thumbs thick-
nefs , and a Toot or more deep in the Earthy of
a brownifh yellow color on the cut fide , and
whit iff within , of a very hot , burning , (harp and.

(frue. Pelliiot'i/ opSpaitt-

biting Tafie, drawing forth much Saliva or Water
into the Mouth , more plentifully and quickly than
the Common Pellitory of Spain, which has a
Daify like flower : This Root endures after Seed
time , and with us all Winter, if it be carefully
defended in the Winter Seafon. From the Head
of this Root fpring up feveral Stalks of fine cut
Leaves the form and divisions whereof do ■ fame-
thing refemble that of May-weed, being Jhort, and
not long like Fennel, or like Wild Carrots, nr
Diofcorides compares them-, from among which
rifes up fome Stalks, with few or no Leaves on
them. Branched out into two or three parts, bear-
ing a round Umbel of white Flowers, after which
follows fomewhat round dark colored Seed, larger
than that of Anifeed. •

VII. T be fifth, or the Other true Pellitory of
Spain. Its Root is /tenderer and fingle, in which
confijis the chief difference : it grows alfo fome -
what lower than the former : and the Leaves are
alfo fome thing longer and finer, more refembling
Dill. The Stalks are /tenderer and full of Leaves.
And the Umbels of Flowers are white, but not fo

/‘"viil. The Places. The fil'd grows in Fields
and Meadows by Hedg-fides and Pathways, almoft
every where. It was formerly found growing in
the three great Fields next adjoining to Kentifh
X own near London-, and in feveral Fields in Lent

about

Chap, 5531 'Englifh Herts.

8

about South-fleet: and is alfo Nurft up in fundry
Gardens. The fecond grows only In Gardens with
us. The third is only Planted with us in Gardens
and Manured places. Tile fourth is Native to
the hotter Countries, as, Spoil r, Italy , 8tc. The
fifth grows in fome Mountains in Germany , and
often among Rocks on which there is but a Cruft
of Earth, fo that the Roots grow in the Chinks
and Gutters of the 6 me: and in England thefe
two laft grow in Gardens.

IX. T be Times. The two firft Flower in the end
of June , or in July , and give ripe Seed, not long
after. The third Rowers not till Auguft, and fome-
times fo late, that it gives no ripe Seed before it
peridies, unlefs it is carefully preserved in Winter.
The fourth and fifth, Flower and Seed in Auguft
ilfo, or towards the end of Summer.

X. The Qualities. They are all of them hot
stnd dry in the fourth Degree, Aperitive, and Ve-
hemently Attra&ive, as alfo by accident Anodyn ;
Cephalick, Neurotick, Hy fterick, Arthritck, and
Antifebritick.

XI. The Specification. The Roots of thefe
Plants, chiefly of the firft, third and fourth, more
efpecially of the third and fourth, are peculiar
againft the Tooth-ach, Agues, Catarrhs, Diftillations
upon the Eyes, Apoplexies, Epilepfies, Vertigoes,
Lethargy, Carus, Megrim, Head-ach, Gout, Scia-
tica, Numb and Dead Palfie, Colicks, obftruflion
ol the Terms in Women, flc.

XII. The Preparations, i . A Liquid Juice oj
the Leaves or Roots of the firft and third. 2. An
E fence of the fame. 3. The dryed Leaves or
Roots of the fame. 4. A Decodion or rather In-
fufton of the fame. 5. A Louder of the dryed
Leaves or rather Roots. 6. A Cataplafm of the
Green Herb or Roots. 7. An Ointment or Balfam
of Leaves or Roots. 8. An Oil of the Roots. 9.'
A Spirituous Tindure of the Roots, ro. An Acid
Tindure of the fame. 11. An Oily Tindure of
the fame. 1 2. The dried Roots of the fourth and
fifth. 13. A Pouder of the fame. 14. Anlnfuft-
on of the fame. 15. An Oil or Ointment of the
fame. 1 6. A Cataplafm. 17.° A Spirit from the
Roots. j8. A Spirituous Tindure from the fame.
19- An Acid Tindure of them. 20. An Oily
Tindure.

T be Virtues.

XIII. The Juice of the Leaves or Roots of
the firft and third. An Ounce thereof taken in a
Draught of Mufcadine , or other ftrong Wine, an
Hour or two before the Fit of an Ague, and the
Sick pieiently laid to Sweat upon it, is faid cer-
tainly to cure the Patient, at fecond or third time
taking it at fartheft.

XIV. The EJfence of the fame. It has the
fame Virtues with the Juice aforefaid, being given
in the lame manner : befides it warms and comforts
the Stomach and other Bowels , gives eafe in the
Colick, and obftru&ions from Wind, and power-
fully provokes the Terms in Women; It alfo faci-
litates the Birth of a Woman in Labour : is profita-
againft Catarrhs, Apoplexies, Epilepfies, Vertigo’s,
Lethargy, Carus, Megrim, Head-ach, Gout, Sci-
atica, Colick and Palfie, being inwardly taken,
and outwardly applyed to the parts affefted.

XV. The dried Leaves or Roots. Being chewed
in the Mouth, they draw down from the Head,
Brain, and parts adjacent, much cold Rheum and
pituirOus matter, give eafe in the Tooth-ach tho’
never fo extream, help againft Catarrhs, and

Rheums in the Eyes, and are profitable againft all
cold and rsoift Dileafes of the Head and Brain
as Lethargy, Carus, Vertigo, Head-ach, Apoplexy’
Falling-ficknefs, Palfy, Convlfions, 0V, Being thus
chewed they wonderfully purge the Head and Brain
from thole cold Humors, caufing the aforenamed
Lhleales, and help to confume thofe fuperfiuous
Humours falling upon other parts of the
Body, Which are the caufes of many other Di-
feafes.

XVI. The Pouder of the dried Leaves or Roots.
being taken inwardly, from a Scruple to a Dram
mixt with a little Syrup or any other fit Vehicle*
it warms a cold and moift Stomach, ftrengthens it,
as alio the other Bowels, caufes a good Appetite
and Digeltion, and gives prefenteafe in theColick.
ix^rOVO • r*ie Terms> and caufes eafy Delivery to
Women in Travel. Snuft up the Noltrils, it caufeS
Sneezing, by which means it many times eafes the
Megrim, Head-ach, and Tooth-ach, and gives re-
||e. in Apoplexies, Epilepfies, Lethargy, Carus,
Pally,

XVII. The DecoSion or Infufion of the fame*
They have all the Virtues of the Juice and EJfence ,
but in a much inferior Degree, and therefore may
be given Morning and Night, to 3 or four Ounces
at a time. They are excellent for Women in La-
bor. And by Bathing with them outwardly gives
cafe in the Gout, and all other pains proceeding
from cold and moifture.

XVIII. The Cataplafm of the Green Leaves or
Hoots. Applyed to the Gout or Sciatica, they
give prelent eafe of the pain, and being continued
(as the rhyfitian (hall advife) will in fome little
time cure the fame. It is alfo good againft any
ach or pain in any other part of the Body, caufe<i
by cold and moifture.

XIX. The Balfam or Ointment. They have the
Virtues of the Cataplafm , but not altogether fo
powerful againft th£ Gout} but being applyed they
take away black and blew Spots, which come
by Blows, Falls, or Bruifes, as alfo all other
Defcedations or Blemilhes of the Skin.

XX. The Oile of the Roots , made hy CoS ion of
Infolation. Galen fays, That being rubbed on the
parts of the Body (I fuppofe he means on the
brelt or Stomach and Belly, as alfo on the Back
and Spina Dorfi ) it helps fuch as have the lhaking
fits °f Agues. It is without doubt, a very warm-
ing and comfortable Oil * and therefore of' fmgular
ufe againft both Numb, and Dead Palfies, Con-
vulfions , Cramps, and other like Pains and
Aches.

XXI. The Spirituous TinSure. It is a moft fin*
gular thing againft the Colick, Pains of the Sto-
mach, Sicknefs at Heart, Vomiting and Fainting.
It has all the Virtues of the Juice and E (fence
and may be given in Polfet Drink, Broth, or" Wine’
Morning, Noonand Nighc, from yoto 100 Drops’
or more. ^ 5

XXII. The Acid TinSure of the Roots. It radi-
cally cures the Plague or Peftilence, and is a moft
excellent thing againft all Peftilential, Malign
and Burning Fevers, of what kind foever It
ftrengthens and fortifies the Stomach, caufes a
good Appetite and Digeftion , refills Poifon , is
good againft Coughs, Colds, Afthma’s, and all
obftruenons of the Lungs, or the other Vifoera, pro-
vokes the Terms ; in Women, as alfo Urine, and is
profitable againft the Strangury, Sand, Gravel,
Stone, in the Reins, Ureters and Bladder.
Dole fo much as to give the Vehicle a plealant
acidity, and may be taken as often as the Patient
Drinks.

S P 3

XXIII. The

844

Salmons Herbal. Lib. L

XXIII. The Oily T inffure of the fame. It is
btevalent againft the Strangury, Sand, Gravel,
Stone or Tartarous Matter in the Reins and Blad-
der, opens Obfttu&ions of the Womb, provokes
the Terms, and facilitates the Birth ol Women in
Labor. It cleanfes, eafes After-pains, and is profi-
table again!! the Gout, Colick and Palfie, being
inwardly taken, and anointed on the Spina Dorfi
and other parts affefted. Dole from 12 to 20, 30,
or 40 Drops, or more, in a Vehicle proper againlt
the Difeafe afflifling.

'I he Virtues of the fourth mid ffth Kinds.

XXIV. The Liquid Juice , and Effence of the
Leaves or Roots of the True Pellitory of Spain.
Have all the fame dualities and Virtues of the
Common, and that of the Shops, before declared ;
only with this difference, that as th eTrat Pellitory
of Spain is more potent and excellent than the Com-
mon or that of the Shops-, fo alfo are thefe Pre-
parations of this Plant, very much tranfeendmg
them in their EffeHs.

XXV. The Dryed Soots. Chewed in the Mouth

often, it eafes the Vehement pain of the Teeth
proceeding from an afflux of Cold Rheum upon
them-, and 1b ufed , it alfo draws away Rheum
from fore Eyes. ....

XXVI. The Ponder of the Root. Made into a
Bolus by mixing it with a little Mitbridate, or
made into an Elelhtary with Honey, it is effe&ual
againft all cold and moift Difeales of the Head,
Brain Lungs, Stomach, and other Bowels; It
prevails againft the Apoplexy, Falling Sicknefs,
Vertigo Megrim, Lethargy, Carus, Obftruatons
of the Lungs, Coughs, Colds, Wheezings,
Allhma’s , Colick, &c. Dofe from a Scruple to
a Dram , Morning Falting , and at Night at Bed

time. , , _ . T.r. T

XXVII. The Infufion of the Root in Wine. It
has all the Virtues of the former Infufion at Sett.
\i. aforegoing, but this is much more powerful
tor all thofe purpofes and intentions : If the Green
or Drycd Root is well bruifed and Infufed in Vine-
gar, and the Mouth Gargled therewith, it prefent-
ly gives eafe in the molt Violent Tooth-ach: and
refiits the affluxes of Rheum from the Head to the
Teeth, Eyes, Eats, Tonfils, Jaws, and other parts.

XXVIII. The Oil or Ointment of the Root.
They are effeftual to warm , ot heat, comfort and
llrengthen any part of the Body, Nerves, Tendons,
or Mufcles, afflifted with cold and moift Humors,
ot which are affefted with Cramps, Convulfions,
Palfy, Gout, Sciatica, or the like. They may be
made’ of the green Roots, by many repeated Inflati-
ons or Boilings-, and will be found very profitable
againft the Shaking and Dead Palfies , or any pain
or ach proceeding from Cold, as aforelaid. Being
timely ufed, they are laid to prevent a Gangrene
when approaching.

XXIX. The Cataplafm fif the green Roots. It
effe£lually cures the Gout and Sciatica, if pru-
dently apply ed -, and has all the Virtues of the
Citaplajm of the Roots of the former Kinds, fpeci-
fied in Sett. 18. aforegoing.

XXX. The spirit of the Root. It is Cordial,
Anticolick, and AntipeftilentiaG good againlt
Fainting and Swooning Fits, Sicknefs at Heart,
Belly-acb, or Griping of the Guts ; It expels Wind
out of the Stomach and Bowels , and admirably
ilrengthens the Stomach, caufing a good Appetite
and Digeft ion. Dofe a Spoonful or more in a Glafs
of Wine now and than upon occafion,

XXXI. The Spirituous Tintture. It has all the
Virtues of the Spirit , but Superior to it in efficacy,
and may be given from half a Spoonful to a
Spoonful in fome proper Vehicle. It provokes the
Terms in WTomen, facilitates the Birth, brings
away the After-birth, and eafes After-pains. Held for
fome little time in the Mouth, it eafes the Tooth-
ach. And Bathed upon parts affefted with the
Cramp or Convulfions, it warms and comforts the
Nerves and Mufcles, and quickly cures the Di-
feafe.

XXXII. The Acid Tintture of the Root. It has
all the Virtues of the former Acid Tintture , at
Sett. 22. aforegoing^ but with a more exalted
efficacy and power. Held in the Mouth it gives
prefent eafe in the Tooth-ach. It flops Vomiting,
and helps a nauleoufnels of the Stomach, or Loath-
ing of Food } and is a fingular Diuretick, breaking
and diffolving (fo much as is in the Power of a
Medicine to do, the Stone, and Gravel in the
Reins, Ureters and Bladder. Being given to
Children for fome time in Broth or Water- Gruel,
it cures the Rickets, and opens the Lungs, Liver,
Spleen, and Reins, by which means the Morbifick
Matter of that Difeafe is gradually carried off.
Dofe from 20, to 30, 40, or 60 Drops , or fo
many as may make the Vehicle pleafantly
Sharp.

XXXIII. The Oily Tintture of the fame. It has
all the Virtues of the former Oily Tintture , at
Sett. 23. aforegoing, but in a more prevalent man-
ner, as being much more Ilrong and potent in its
Operation. It gives admirable and prefent eafe in the
Colick and Strangury •, and being very well bathed
in upon the Hip in the Sciatica, it eafes the Pain,
and in a (hort time Cures it : given to 30, 40, or 60
Drops (according to Age and other Accidents,) 2,
or 3 Hours before the coming of the Fit of the
Ague, it in a great meafure prevents it; and by
continuingj icj in the fame manner, for fome few
times, it perfe&ly cures it. Held in the Mouth
alfo, it gives prefent eafe in the Tooth-ach.

PELLITORY FALSE Jee Mailer-Wort, Chap. 47 6.
PENNY-GRASS, fee Coxcomb, Chap. 142.
PENNY- MOUNTAIN, fee Time Wild, Chap.
PENN Y-FLOWER,/^? Satine Flower White, Chap .
PENNY-WORT WALL, fee Navel-Wort, Chap.

CHAP. DLIV.

Of PENNYROYAL;

O R,

PUDDING --GRASS.

I. '-p H E Karnes. It is called by the Arabi-
.1 am, Alnam, and Alnegan : in Greek,
rAnjt.K, K, Ba«k«» : in Latine, Pulegium , CJ Pulejum:
in Erg/ if, Pennyroyal, alio Pudding. Grafs ; and in
the Weft Parts, about Exeter, Organs.

II. The Kinds. The Six following we (hall
chiefly confider , vis, I, Pulegium Vulgare ( quod

fioi

Chap. 55^ Englijh Herbs.

fios recent is Herbie inc&nfus Puhces necat odore : )
Becaufe it kills Fleas being Burned:) Our Com*
mon Pennyroyal, 2. Pulegium regium vulgare
majus , Great Pennyroyal. 3. Pulegium furculis
denfis , Thick or double Pennyroyal. 4. Pulegium
mas More albo Plinij , White Flowered Pennyroyal.
5. Pulegium angufiifolium Bauhini Lobe it j

Pulegium Cervinum Gefneri • Pulegium alterum
foliis oblongis Dodomci -, Narrow Leav’d, or Hearts
Pennyroyal. 6. Pulegium foliis Nummularis Bau-
hiniy Round Leav’d Pennyroyal.

T he Descriptions*

III. The JirJl , or Our Common Pennyroyal,
Its Root is Bujhy , long and Fibrous , creeping under
the upper fuff ace of the Earth. Prom whence
fpring forth many weak round Stalks , divided into
J'ever al Branches , rather leaning or lying upon the
Ground , than funding upright. On which arc fet

Pennyroyal.

at feveral Joints , roundifh , dark green

Leaves. The Flowers of that which grows in Gar*
dens, are purplifh for the tnoft part , yet fome on
that which grows Wild, are white , or more white
than purple , fet in rundles about the tops of the
Branches. The Stalks fhoot forth fmall Fibres or
Roots , at the Joints , as it lies upon the Ground ,
fa fining it felf therein quickly , and over fpreading
any Ground , more efpecially if it grows in the
Shade , or 7,7 zzroi/? places : and it is encreafed by
breaking off the fprouted Stalks , and putting or
thru fling them into the Earth.

IV. The fecond , or Great Pennyroyal. I/x Root
is like to the former. Its Stalks and Branches
rife higher , and creep not upon the Ground fo much
cu that does. It is greater than that , and abides fo
being brought into our Gardens, from abroad* where

it grows Wild in our Fields and Commons -, it dif-
fers indeed but little from the firfi , but in the
largenefs of its Leaves and Stalks , and in its
growing up higher. The Flowers hereof are pur -
ph \ tind grow in rundles about the Stalks ds the
others do.

V. The third , or Thick or double Pennyroyal.
This differs very little from the former , either in
Roots, Stalks , Leaves , Flowers, or manner of grow-
inK i favtng that the Leaves are fomething f mailer ,
and alfo thicker fet on the Stalks , and the Branches
grow clofer together .

V I. The fourth , or White Flowered Pennyroyal.
The Roots creeep under the Ground , with a multi-
tude of Fibres : and this Kind grows more upright
zeith its Stalks than the former, and fometimes a
foot higher alfo , having Leaves thereon , fet by
couples like it : and in fome places , other fmaller
Leaves like wife growing with them: The Flowers
(as the former) grow in rundles, orwharls, round
about the Stalks , at the feveral Joints, but are
wholly white-, and fo abide, being tranfplanted
out of the Field, and Planted in Gardens. The Smell
and Tajfe of this Plant, as alfo its Medicinal ufe,
are altogether the fame with the firfl, and other
Kinds , and every way as acceptable.

VII. The fifth , or Narrow Leav’d, or Hearts
Pennyroyal. This fine and delicate Plant, has
creeping Fibrous Roots under Ground, but fhoot
forth longer Sprouts than the former Kinds, from
whence fpring forth many tall, hard, upright Stalks,
on which are fet at equal diflances , many fmall
long and narrow Leaves, all along the Branches up
to the Tops. The Flowers grow round about the
Stalks, at the Joints with the Leaves, at many of
the fpaces up towards the height, of a pale purplifh
color : and the Smell and Tafle hereof is ftronger
and much more pleafing alfo.

VIII. The Jixth , or round Leav’d Pennyroyal.
It has a fmall Fibrous creeping Root, which fends
up fender Stalks , almoft as upright as the lafl -
having the Leaves fet by couples at each Joint ,
which are fmall , and round like unto thofe of
Money-wort, or Herb Two-Pence , but much lefs.
The Flowers grow in rundles or rows as the others
do, encompajfing the Stalks , which are of a pale
blewifh color. The Smell of this Plant is much
more pleafant than that of the Common fort.

IX. The Places. Tho’ all and every one of
thele Species or Kinds of Pennyroyal grow with
us, in our Gardens , yet feveral of them grow alfo
Wild in our Yields. The firlt is Common in many
watery or moift places of our Land, which yet
for its moft excellent ufe is almoft every where
Nurlt up in Gardens. The fecond is found Wild
in Effex , in divers Places of the High way, be-
tween London and Co/chefler , and thereabouts
and yet more abundantly in other Countries, from
whence it is Tranfplanted alfo into Gardens. The
third has alfo been found growing Wild, in many
places of England, and like the others Tranlplant-
ed , and made a Garden Plant. The fourth is a
Native of Italy , and found growing in feveral
places of Piedmont , from whence it has been
brought to us. The fifth grows in moift and
moorilh Grounds about Mompe/ierinFrance, where
the Inhabitants fcarcely ufe any of the other Kinds,
tho’ they have them in great Plenty. The lixth
grows in the Gardens at Padua , from whence it
has been Tranfplanted to us.

X. The Times. They all Flower from the be-
ginning of June to the end of Ai/gi/Jf, and fome-
times later.

XI. The Qualities. Pennyroyal is of Subtil parts
as Galen fays : It is hot and dty in the third De-

gree:

846

Salmons Herbal.

Lib. I.

gree, Aperitive, Abfterfive, Carminative, Digeltive,
Difeuflive, Diuretick, Incifive, Vulnerary, Cepha-
lick , Neurotick, Stomatick, Splenetick, Nephri-
tick, Hyfteiick, Emmenagogick, Sudorifick, Alexi-
pharmtck , Analeptick and Spermatogenetick.

XII. The Specification . It prevails againft Con-

vulfions, Spafms, Poifon, the Bitings of Serpents,
or other Venomous Creatures , Coughs , Colds,
Swellings in the Throat , Jaundice , Colick ,
ObftructionS of the Terms, Rickets in Children,
Palfie, Tfc. s

XIII. T be Preparations. You may have there-
from, I. A Liquid. Juice . 2. An E (fence. 3. A

Decottion or Infufion in Wine. 4. A Pouder. 5.
An Errhine. 6. A half am , Ointment , or Oil.
7. An Elettuary. 8. A Difiilled Water. 9. A
Spirituous Tintture. 10. An Acid Tmllure. 11.
An Oily Tintture. 12. A Spirit, it.. A Di (til-
led OH. 14. Potefiates or Powers. 15. A Cata-
plafm.

The Virtues*

XVII. The Pouder. It is made of the dried
Herb when m Homer. It has all the Virtues of
the Juice , Effence and DecoUion , but afls rot
with that Celerity. Dole Morning and Night
trom half a Dram to a Dram in Wine. Mixed
with a little Honey and Turpentine, and applied

t0 vmi aI1T, U1nCIS; diSe‘lsa"d deanfes Them.

XVill The Errhine. It is thus made Take
Pouder 0} lops of Pennyroyal when in f lower an
Ounce-, Afarabacca Leaves in fide Pouder-, Ref nous
Scammony ,n fine Pouder , of each half an Ounce -
mix them. Snufft up the Noftrils Medicinally
it attraifts Humors both thick and thin out of'
the Head, and clears it efieaually, by which
means it is profitable againft the Megrim, Head-
er11’ Lethargy, Catus, Sleepinefs, Dullnefs,
Dtowfineft, Apoplexy, Epileply, Vertigo, Con-
vulfions, Palfies, and other Difeafes of the Head
Brain and Nerves, proceeding fhom cold and’
mouture. And if it is taken inwardly twice <
Week in the Morning Falling, from a Scruple to a
Dram, or more according to Age and Strength.,
it carries off the Morbifick caufe of all the afore
named Difeafes, and fo the more effeftually contri-
buces to their Cure.

XIV. The Liquid Juice. It powerfully dig-efts,
opens, and provokes the Terms in Women, expels
the Birth, Dead Child and After-Birth^ it Hops
Vomiting , eafes the pain and gnawing of the Sto-
mach ^ is profitable againft Convulfions, refills Poi-
fon, and cures fuch as are bitten or ftung by Ser-
pents, Mad-Dogs, Scorpions, or other Venomous
Creatures. Dole 2, 3 or 4, Spoonfuls at a time,
Morning, Noon, and Night, in a Glafs of Wine,
or other fit Vehicle.

XV. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the
Liquid Juice exalted: is good againft Afthma’s,
Coughs, Colds, Wheezing, Hoarfenefs, and moft
other Difeafes of the Lungs, cauling an eafy ex-
pectoration (if taken with Honey) it refills Melan-
choly and caufes Cheerful nefs : and drunk with
the Juice of Sivile Oranges , Limons , or choife
Vinegar , It is good againft Fainting, and Swoon-
ing Fits, Vapors, and fuch like. It helps the
Rickets in Children, is good againft the Leprofy,
opens the obftruCtions of the Liver, Pancreas and
Mefentery, and eafes the pain of the Spleen. Be-
ing drank in choife ftrong Wine, it gives eafe in
the Colick, and eafes After-pains of Women ly-
ing in. Conftantly taken for fome time, it leflens
the Fatnefs and Corpulency of the Body, making
the Patient Leaner : yet at the fame time, it much
encreafes Seed in both Sexes, and ftrongly provokes
Lutt. Dofe 2 or 3 Spoonfuls at a time in a Glafs
of Wine, Morning and Night.

XVI. The Decotfion , or Infufion in Wine. It has
all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence , but no-
thing near fo powerful. It warms the coldnefs
of the Stomach and Womb, and other Vifcera,
helps againft the Swelling and Hardnefs of the
Womb -, cleanfes foul Sores and Ulcers, and mixt
with Honey caufes them to Digeft. It is good againft
black and blew Eyes, and difcolorings of the Skin,
being outwardly applyed. If a little Sal Prunella
be diffolved in it, and it be held in the Mouth,
it eafes the Tooth-ach. It is good againft Faint-
ings, Swoonings, and Hyfterick-Fits, and pro-
vokes Urine ftrongly. Ufed as a Gargarifm with
Honey, it cures Sores, Cankers, and Ulcers of
the Mouth and Throat. Drank pretty plentifully
jt is good againft the Strangury, Dropfy, and
Jaundice, helps to quicken and clear the Eye-
fight, is profitable againft the Falling-Sicknefs ,
and eafes all forts of pains of the Head. Dofe 6,
or 8 Ounces, Morning, Noon, and Night.

• . , . : s\ , “ ujc r.rrmne.

with three times ns weight of Honey: adding with-
all Pouder of Birth- wort Roots, an equal quantity
to the Scammony. It is given inwardly from one
Dram to three; and has all rhe Vertues of the
Juice Effence and Errhine before enumerated -
Applyed to old running Sores, Fiftula’s, and pu-
trid Ulcers it caufes Digeftion, eafes the pain
prevents their eating and fpreading farther ‘and
very much induces their healing. There is ni bet-
ter Remedy againft lubed Heels, than to apply the
Dp; Pouder of the Errhine firit, and then om it a
Plaifter of this EleSuary.

XX. The Balfam , Ointment , or Oil, made bv
Infdatwn or Boilmg. Applyed to fuch as ,re
troubled with the Gout, they quickly eafe the pain :
warm the parts, and take away cold griefs of the
Joints; They gently draw, digeft alfo, cleafife, and
heal old running Sores, and putrid Ulcers
XXI The Difi tiled Water. It has the Virtues
oi the Juice, Effence, and DecoUton, but in a much
Inferior Degree. Mixed with Honey, it is a good
Ophthalmick, for Blood-lhot, Watering and Sore
EVes: and fo ufed as a Gargle, it heals Sores and
Ulcers in the Mouth and Throat: otherwife it
may ferve as a Vehicle for conveying the Juice
or Effence, or other Preparations of the Plant
down into the Stomach.

XXII. The Spirituous Tmllure. It has all the
Virtues of the Juice and Effence, being given
Morning and Evening, from i Dram to 2, or 2
in a Glafs of Wine, or lome other convenient
Liquid. It eafes the Gnawing of the Stomach
and cures inward Convulfions of the Bowels. Out-
wardly bathed upon the Head, it eafes the Head-
ach: and bathed upon other parts, it ptefently
eafes their pain, and alfo reftores the parts troubled
with the Cramp. Taken for fourty Days or more
together, in Juice or Water of Black Cherries it
cures the Falling-licknefs, and is alfo profitable
againft the Vertigo, Lethargy, Cams, and other
like dull Difeafes of the Head and Brain.

XXIII. The Acid Tmllure. It admirably re-
ftores the Tone of the Stomach being hurt; Ttops
Vomiting; deftroys Putridity, and allays the heat
of Fevers. It cuts thick and tough Flegrn , and
caules it to be ealily expeflorated. It is a lingu-
lar Diuretick, and therefore profitable againft the
Strangury, Sand, Gravel, Stone, 0: Tartarous
Mucilage in the Reins, Ureters and Bladder. It

take s

takes away ftoppages of the Stomach and Lungs,
and caufe eafy Breathing ; it creates a good Ap-
petite, and a ftrong Digeftion, expelling Wind
and Vapors, out of the Stomach and Bowels. It
is alfo profitable againft all putrid, non-putrid, ma-
lign, and peftilential Fevers, and profligates even
the Plague, or Peftilence it felf. It may be given
in all that the Patient Drinks, whether Ale, Beer,
Wine, or Barly-Broth, to a grateful acidity.

XXIV. The Oily TinQure. It is good againft
the Gout, Sciatica , Rheumatick Pains , Cramps,
Convulfions, and Pallie, being very well anointed
Morning and Evening upon the parts affeUed, as
alfo (in the cafe of the Pallie) all along the Back
Bone. Taken inwardly it Potently provokes Urine
and the Terms in Women, and is good againft the
Strangury, or any ftoppage of Urine from Tarta-
rous, Gravelly or Lapidifcent Concretions. It
haftens the Birth of Women in Labor, brings away
the Dead Child and After-Birth: and caufes a
plentiful cleanfing afterwards. In the cure of
Palfies, as well as to be ufed outwardly, it is to
be taken alfo inwardly, becaufe it not only warms
and comforts the Nerves and their Original, but
carries off the Morbifick Caufe by Urine. Dofe
from a Scruple to a Dram or two Drams in any
proper Vehicle, Morning and Night.

XXV. The Spirit. It is a molt admirable Cor-
dial, and an excellent reviver of the Spirits Na-
tural, Vital and Animal. It chears the Heart,
comforts Nature, ftrengthens the Brain and Nerves,
is good againft Fainting, Swooning and Hyfterick
Fits; and reftores the whole Humane Frame, tho’
put into the greateft diforder. It is a fingular thing
againft Convulfions of all Kinds , and abl'olutely
cures them in Children, even when Death feems
to ftand at the Door. Dofe from a Dram to 2, 3,
or 4 Drams, in fome of the Diftillei Water , or
rather in a Glafs of Wine, 2, 3, or four times a
Day, or as often as is needful.

XXVI. The D'tfiillei Oil. Inwardly given, and
outwardly applyed , it cures Convulfions, the Fal-
ling-Sicknefs , 'Palfy , pains of the Head , Me-
grim, Vertigo, Lethargy, Carus, Gout, Sciatica,
and has, in a word, all the Virtues of the Juice ,
Effeme, Tmclurc and Spirit, but in a much more
exalted manner. Dofetfom to Dropsto 20, dropt
firlt into Sugar, and well mixt with it, and then
taken in a Glafs of Wine, Morning and Evening :
as it powerfully provokes Urine and the Terms, fo,
when the Birth is near, it caufes the Child to be
brought forth into the World in a Moment, expels
the dead Child and After-birth , and prevents and
cures After-pains.

XXVII. The Potejlates or Powers. They con-
fift of moft fubtil parts, cut, attenuate, open, dif-
folve, provoke Urine, break the Concreetions of
Gravel and Slime , and expel them, provoke the
Terms, facilitate the Birth, whether living or dead,
force away the After-Birth,and miraculoufly eafe and
takeaway After-pains. They are Scomatick, Cor-
dial, PeUoral, give prefent eafe in the Colick,
open obftru&ions of the Lungs, being very good
againft Coughs , Colds , Afthma’s , Hoarfenefs ,
Wheezing and Ihortnefs of Breath. They are good
in an Inveterate Head-ach, Megrim, Vertigo, Fall-
ing-Sicknefs, Apoplexy, Convulfions, Palfy, Cramp,
Numbnefs , Lamenefs , and weaknefs of the
Nerves, Mufcles and Joints, being inwardly taken,
and outwardly bathed therewith. They are power-
ful againft all manner of Aches, Pains, Strains,
or weaknefs of any part, as alfo againft an invete-
rate Gout, Sciatica or Rheumatifm, proceeding
from a cold and moift caufe. They are an Anti-
dote againft Poifon, thebitingsof Mad Dogs, Ser-

pents and other Venomous Creatures. They prevail
againft the Malignity of the Plague, and all other
Malign and Peftilential Fevers, asalfo againft Scor-
butickBoils, Botches, Scabs, Scurff, Morphew, Spots,
Pimples, and other like Symptoms, inwardly taking
them every Day for fome time, and outwardly bath-
ing therewith Morning and Night. They provoke
Sweat powerfully, and arc a great Alexipharmick
in the French Pox, being daily taken in Ale, Wine,
Whey or thin Broth , after the manner of Diet ;
and have performed as much as any 6uajacum'Diet
could do, they being a kind of Specifick againft
that Dtfeafe and its Inveterate and Malign Symp-
toms. They are faid to cure Barrennefs in Man or
Woman, (it there is notadefeftof parts) cleanfe,
Itrengthen and fortifie the Womb, and are a Speci-
fick for the Difeafes of the Genitals. They are
prevalent againft Catarrhs, and cold Rheums, help
defeUs of the Eye-Sight, cure a Stinking Breath,
eafe Pains, and l'often hard Tumors of the Liver,
Spleen, or Mefentery, by bathing thofe Regions
therewith, for they warm, ftrengthen, and comfort
even all the parts of Mans Body. Dofe from 30 to
60 or 1 00 Drops, or more, as the Prudence of the
Phyfician fhall Prefcribe, and that 2 or 3 times a
Day at leaft (And in cafe of the French Pox, %
or 6 times a Day) in Ale , or Wine, or Wine and
Water mixt, or in fome Syrup or Cordial Julep ,
and fo to be continued for 2 or 3 Weeks ; or 2, or 3
Months,as the excigency of the Difeafe may require;
outwardly bathe the parts affeUed with them
twice or thrice a day as long as you (hall fee need
for their ufe.

XXVIII. The Cataplafm. Made of the Green
Herb, and applyed, it is good againft the Gout
and Sciatica, Blows, Strains, and other pains of
of the Joints. It alfo takes away fpots or marks
in the Skin; and applyed to the Regions of Liver
or Spleen , it cafes the pains in thofe parts ; and
to the Region of the Womb, it helps the fwelling
and hardnefs of the Mother. Applyed with Vine-
gar, it caufes eating Ulcers to digeft, and cleanfes
fuch as are filthy or putrid : and it is faid to be
profitable alfo againft the Leprofy, Morphew, and
other like Defccdations. Applyed with Early
Flower, it heals Burning by Fire, and Scalding with
Water. Applyed with Vinegar to the Fore-head
and Noftrils, it is profitable againft Carus, Lethar-
gy, and Epilepfy , giving prefent relief in the
fame.

PENNY- WORT WALL, fee Navel-wort, Chap,.

fjis-

CHAP. DLV.

Of P E O N Y.

I. ' a ' H E Names. It is called in Arabick, Feo-
X nia: in Greek , ■■ (from Pnon , a

famous Phyfician in his time) and r in
Latine, Pxcnia, and Glycyfide or Dulcifide (from
the red Grains in the Pomgranate called Sida.( It
has obtained alfo many other Greek and Latine
Names , as , Pentcrobos or Pentoboros , Orbelion,
Hfitriagogon , Paonion, Panthiceraton , Theodonion ,
Selenion, Selemgonon, Agalophotis, Units DaSylw '

I

848

Salmon’ s Herbal Lib. L

Ro/ci Fatuina , i&rta Gaft a. , haft a Regia, Rofa AJ-
niarum , with fome others •, but Pceonia, is the ge-
neral Name, which bears away the Bell : in £>£-
lift) Peony , and Pw/jy.

II. T/^ Kinds. Tho5 there are many Species of
this Plant, yet there are but two Principal Kinds,
viz. Pceonia Alas , the Male Peony ; and Pceonia
Fcemina , the Female Peony. Of the Peonia Mas ,
or Male Peony, we know but of one only Species,
which is thus diftinguifhed from the Female. _ The
Leaf of the Male is whole with out any particular
divifion, notch, or dent, on the edge, like to thof
of the Wall-Nut-Tree , its Roots are long and
round, divided into many Branches, fomething like
to the Roots of Gentian or Elecampane , and not
Tuberous at all. The Female (of which there are
a great many forts) has its Leaves cut in or divided
into parts , more or lefs , and has Tuberous Roots
or Clogs, like thofe of the Afphodil , with many
great, thick, round pieces, hanging or growing
at the end of fmaller Strings, and all joined to
the top of the main Root. From what has been
faid, thefe following Kinds are eminent, viz. i.
Pceonia Mas , the Male Peony, which is a lingular
Species, as alorefaid. 2. Pceonia Fcemina vulga-
ris F lore fimplici , the Common Female Peony fingle
Flowered. 3 . Pceonia Fcemina Vulgaris Flore pic no
rubra , the Common double red Peony. 4. Pceonia
Fcemina Flore cameo fimplici , the Single blufh Peo-
ny. F Pceonia Fcemina Flore pleno alhicante , the
Double blufh Peony. 6. P ctoni a Fcemina By zantina
Flore fimplici, the Single red . Peony of Confiantino-
ple , or Turkilh Peony. 7. Pceonia Fcemina Flore
fimplici Ef pleno Cliijij , Clufius his Female fingle
and double red Peonies. Authors have fome more
Species of Peonies , but they f?em to me, to be
fome of the former Kinds over again, or being
abfolute Strangers to us, are totally unknown in
our Country.

' The Defcriptions,

Peony Male.

III. The firjt , or Male Peony. Its Roots art.
great , Thick , and long , fpreading in the Ground ,
and running down pretty deep. It rifes up with
many brown Stalks , on which do grow zvinged
Leaves , viz. many fair green , and Jometimes red-
dijh Leaves , one fet upon another on a Stalk , with- •
out a particular Divifion of the Leaf at all. The
Flowers grow at the tops of the Stalks , con fifing
of five or fix broad Leaves, of a fair s purplijh , red
color , with many yellow Threads in the middle
Handing about the Head, which after rifes up to be
the Seed Veffels, divided into two, three , or four
rough crooked Pods , like Horns •, which when they
are full ripe , open , and turn themf elves down one
edge to another backwards , fhewing within them
divers round black fhining Seed, which are the true
Seed, being full and good, and having alfo many red.
or crimfon Grains, which are lank and idle , inter-
mixed among the black, as if they were good Seed
which makes them fhow Beautifully.

IV. The fccond, or Common Female Peony fin-
gle Flowered. The Root confifis, as we faid before v
of many thick and fhort tuberous Clogs, fa fined at
the ends of long Strings, and all from the Head

Peony Female.

of the Root, zvhicbis thick and fhort, and Tuberous
alfo, of the fame or like fmcll with the Male.
This Common Female Peony, has many Stalks,
with more Jlore of Leaves on them, than thofe of the
Male have : The Leaves alfo arc not fo large , but
divided on the edges or deeply cut in, fome with
great and deep, others with fmaller Cuts or Divi-
fions, and of a dark or dead green color: The
Flowers arc of a Strong Heady Smell, and ufi ally
fmaller than thofe of the Male, and fomething
more purple, tending to a marry color, with yellow
Thrums about the Head in the middle, as the Male
Kind has. The Heads or Horn's with Seed in them,
are like alfo but fmaller. The Seed is black, but
, lefs finning.

V. The

Chap. 555. Unglifh Herbs .

V. 77;? third , Common double red Peony.

The Roots are Tuberous , //£? #77/0 //;? former Fe-
male. This double Peony, ^ w?// as the former
fingle , is fo frequent in every Garden of Note ,
thro1 every Country , /W ;7 is almojl Libor in vain
to defer ibe ih lf is very like unto the former fingle
Female Peony, both in its Stalks and Leaves , but
that it grows fomething higher , and the Leaves
are of d j refer green color. The Flowers grow at
the tops of the Stalks , and are very large , thick,
and double -, fo fair, beautiful , great, and double ,
7/a// no other Flower comes near them ; but abide not
blown above % or \o Days. They are of a more
reddifh purple color , than the former Female Kind,
and of a Jweetcr Smell. After the Flowers are
pafl , //;? CWx of Seed or Grains follow , which
fometimes prove abortive Seed , and fometimes good
Seed , which being Sown , bring forth Flants , jome
of them bearing fingle Flowers, and fomc of them
double blowers ,• Nature is p leafed to difpofe

them.

VI. The fourth , cr Single blufh Peony, Rx

R00/X ?;•<? //7te //;? Female Peonys. irx S/vj/Ax
tztt higher , ?/?£/ //x Leaves of a paler , 0r whiter
green color than the double Blufh ;?«/ follow-
ing, 0770? more white underneath ; fo that it is ma-
ttifeft, that it is of another Kind , and not fprung
from the Seed of the double Blufh, ?x fome have
thought -, its Leaves alfo- have [many Veins , which
are fomewhat dij colored, or di ff ering from the color
of the Leaf thro which they run. - The Flowers
arc very large and jingle , con fifing of five Leaves
for the mofl part , 0/ 0 pale jlefh , blufh 00/0;-,

•wrrfr 07? Eye of yellow difperfed or mixed
therewith , having many whitifh Threads , tipt
with yellow Pendents , funding about the mid-
dle Head.

VII. T/;? fifth , 07* Double blufh Peony. J/x
R00/X ?/•? tike unto the former Female Kinds, for
fomething longer , 077^ 0/ 0 brighter color on the
out fide. This double blufh Peony has not its
Stalks fo high as the double Red , but fomething
lower and ftiffer , bearing fuch like winged Leaves ,
cut in, or divided here and there in the edges, as
all theft Female Kinds are, but not fo large as the
l aft. The Flowers are f mailer, and lefs double by
much, than the former double Red, of a faint,
finning, crimfon color at the firf opening, but de-
caying, or growing paler every Day • fo that after
it has food long , (for this Flower fheds not its
Leaves in a great while J it will change fomething
whitifh’, for which reafon fome have ignorantly
called it , the double white Peony. The Seed or
Grain , which it fome times bears , is like to the
Seed of the former Female Kinds.

VIII. The fixth , or Single red Peony of Coti-
fantinople, or red Turkifh Peony. The Roots of
this Kindi have longer Clogs, and not fo fort ,
as thofe of -the ordinary Female Kind , and of a
paler color on the out fide. This Plant is very like
in all things unto the double red Peony, but that
the Flowers hereof are fingle , and as large as the
loft, and that is larger than either the fingle Fe-
male, or the Male Kind. It confifls of eight
Leaves, of a deeper red color , than either the fingle
or double Peonys, and not purplifh at all -, but ra-,
ther of the color of an ordinary red Tulip, fund-
ing clofe and round together.

IX. The f eve nth, or Clufius his Female fingle
and double red Peonys, ex femine Floris pleni ru-
bri vulgaris Nat x, Clufius/^x, That having in fome
Tears Seed from the common double Red Peony,
(which is not very \ ufual ) he Sowed them , and
within 3 Tears he had Plants which bore Flowers ,
fome fingle , and fome double . Of the fingle Sorts ,

one bore Flowers , for color mof like unto the Mother *
but was fingle , confifling only of fix Leaves, as the
Ordinary or Common Female does. Another bore
a larger Flower, of eight Leaves , whefe color was
of a deeper red , drawing fomewhat to blacknefs.
A third bore a double Flower , eft great as the Mo-
ther Plant, or greater , and of the fame color. A
fourth was like the Mother Plant in Leaves , and
its Flower was double , but leffer , and not fo thick
Leaves , the color of which was of a deep red, be-
ing near the largcnefs of the double Blufh, having
fome black Veins in thofe Leaves which grew in the
middle.

X. The Places. All thefe feveral forts of Peo-
nies are originally Natives of Foreign Countries,
and have been brought home to us by Travellers,
and made Denizons in our Gardens ^ where thev
have grown and ffourifhed fo long, that they are
now become Natives of our Land alfo: and we
nourifh them , as well for the Beauty and Orna-
ment of their Flowers, as for their molt excellent
and famed Medical Virtues.

XL Ibe Times. They all Flower in May-,
lome of which Flowers abide but fome few Days,
whilft others abide many Weeks.

XII. The Vitalities. Peony is temperate in re-
lpe<T to heat or cold, and dry in the firft Degree,
gently Styptick, or Aftringent, Abfterfive, Anodyn
and Strengthening; Cephalick, Neurotick, Hyfter-
ick and Emmenagogick.

XIII. The Specification. The Male Peony has
been oftentimes (even for many Ages) found a
certain Cure for the Epilepfie or Falling-Sicknefs :
it alfo provokes the Terms in Women, and is pro-
fitable againft the Ephialtes or Night-Mare.

XIV. The Preparations. You may have, 1,
The frefh or Male green Root. 2. A Juice or
Ejfence of the fame. 3. A Pouder of the fame
Male Root. 4. An lnfufion of the faid green Male
Root. 7. A Pouder of the black Grains or Seeds.
6. A Syrup of the Flowers. 7. A Diftillcd Water
from- t he Flowers or frefh and green Root. Where
Note, That all thefe Preparations are fpoken of
the Male Kind, that being the only and truly
effe&ual Plant for all the purpofes intended *
which yet is much more fcarce or rare than the
Plants of the Female Kind: But for want of the
Male Species, Phyficians and Apothecaries often
ufe the Female ; which tho’ probably it may be
good for the lame purpofes, yet doubtlefs is much
weaker in its effe&s, and therefore cannot be at=
tended with equal Succefs.

'the Virtues.

XV. The frefh or green Root of the Male Kind.
It is affirmed by Galen and others , that a good or
large piece of it hung or worn about the Neck of
a Child troubled with the Falling-Sicknefs, wil!
cure it* That a Child was freed from that Difeafe,
that for eight whole Months had worn it about its
Neck; and then being taken away for tryalof the
Matter, the Child fell into the Difeafe again;
but having a frefh Root hung about its Neck
again, he became afterwards perfefUy cured.

_ XVI. The Juice, or Ejfence of the Male Root*
Either of thefe are much more available for
the cure of the -Epilepfie than the Amulet hung
about the Neck : it may be given to Children from
one Spoonful to two ; and to elder Perfons from
two to four Spoonfuls, in a Glafs of Red Barcelo-
na, or Red Port Wine, Morning and Evening, fome
few days before and after the Full Moon ; and if it
? Q is

850 SalmonV Herbal Lib. L

is given fome few Days before and after the
Change likewife, it may be fo mtich the better;
either of thefe Preparations , have been found pro-
fitable, and more available in elder Ferfons, than
fome others, becaufe they have more ftrength and
efficacy with them. They provoke the Terms alfo
in Women, where they have been ftopt, and are
effectual for luch as have not been i'ufficiently
cleanied after their Labor, and ate alfo troubled
with Vapors, or Fits of the Mother. They are
profitable alfo to be given to fuch as are troubled
with. the Incubus or Night-Mare, called by Pliny,
SuppreJJio Nodurna, being a Difeafe which affeits
People in their Sleep, or betueen Sleeping and
Waking, ftipprefiing both Voice and Motion, and
in a meafuie the Breath likewife. It is truly
good for fuch as are troubled with Melancholy,
yea, with a deep Melancholy , and affected with
Melancholy Dreams.

XVII. The Ponder of the Male Root. It may be
given from a Dram, to a Dram and half, or two
Drams, in a Glafs of Red Wine as aforefaid,
again!! the Epilepfy, Incubus , Melancholy, and
other Difeafes of the Head and Train, and that
Morning and Evening, at the times before direfted:
hut if it is given forcleanfing of Women in Child
Bed, provoking the Terms, facilitating the Birth,
tfc. it ought to be given in White Port, or White
Lisbon Wine, and that in the larged Dofe.

XVIII. i he Infufion or Decoction of the green
Male Root. The Root is to he taken and waffied
clean, and then damped well , and put to Infufe
in choife Canary for three or four Days, and then
drained out, and fo given firft and laft, a good
draught at a time for feveral Days together, be-
fore and after the Full Moon, it is faid to cure
the Falling-Sicknefs, efpecially if there is a due
and orderly Preparation of the Body beforehand,
with Poffet- Drink made with Betony, as the Learn-
ed Phyfitian (hall direft. Thefe have all the other
Virtues of the Juice and E fence, and are likewife
available in older Perfons, if the Difeafe (i. e. the
Epilepfy J be not grown too old and palt Cure.

XIX. The Pouder of the black Grains or Seeds
of the Male Kind. Given from half a Dram to
a Dram and half in Styptick Red Wine, it pre-
vails again!! the Epilepfy , as the Root aforefaid
does-, befides it effeflually flops Fluxes of the
Belly, as Diarrheas, Dyfenterias, Lienterias, and
the Hepatick Flux, very much ftrengthen the Head,
Brain and Bowels : it alfo cures the Ephia/tes or
Incubus , and other Diftempers of the Brain : Mat-
thiolt/s faith. It is available to reftore Speech to
fuch as have loft it.

XX. T be Syrup of the flowers. It has the
Virtues of the Juice , EJfence , and Infufion , but
in a much weaker Degree , and therefore ought to
be given from 2 to 4 Spoonfuls, Morning and
Night, in a Wine proper for the purpofe.

XXL T he Diftilled Water of the Homers or
green Roots. It has all the former Virtues, but very
much weaker , and therefore may be given from
4 to 8 ounces or more, Sweetned with the Syrup of
the flowers ; and is ufed alfo as a Vehicle to con-
vey fome of the former Preparations in.

"XXII. Kota. The skilful Botanift and Apothe-
cary is to take care, in feeking after, and choofing
the Male Kind , that he be not cheated with that
of Tragus , which certainly is no Peony, but a kind
of fraxtnella, or Baftari Dittany.

C H A P. DLVI.

Of PEPPER, Guinny or Indian,

I. n-v-sy/E Karnes-. It is called in the Indian
X Language, Axis in Greek, Ka-fnii, (*' rj.s-
T«, Mordeo: ) in Latino , Capfcum , Capftcum
Americanum, Capjicum U Piper Indicum, C Ante-
ricdmtm: in Englijh , Guinny Pepper , and Indian
Pepper. It is generally thought to be the Stliqua-
Jlrum Plinij , ( a Si/iquis quae product t) and Pi pe-
nt is of him alfo (quia fruit us Piperis fapore iff
Acrimonia fit:) Capjicum Aliitarij ; Zingiber
Caninum Avicenna -, Piper Indicum & Brafihcum ,
or Braftlianum , Piper Calecttthium if Hfpanicum,
and by many Piper Guinea , as tho’ it came origi-
nally from thence, tho5 in truth, it came to us in
theie Northern Climates, from the Weft Indies:
but I deny not, that it grows in Guinea alfo, for
that I have had the report thereof, from Eye Wit-
nelfes.

II. The Kinds. There are many Species of
this Plant , feveral of which grow with us in
England ; and moll, if not all of them, in fome
ol our Plantations in the Weft Indies ; for which
reafon we (halt take notice ol, and Defcribe thefe
following, viz. 1. Capfcum ntajus vu/gatius ob-
longis pliquis, Capftcum longum, Capjicum rubrunt ,
(Sf Siliquaftrum majus fuchfij. , Piper Indicum ma-
jus Matthioli, Our moll Common Guinny Pepper
with long red Cods. 2. Capjicum Pyramidale
creUum majus. The great upright Spire faihioned
Guinny Pepper, y. Capftcum Pyramidale ereUum
minus. The letter upright Spire faffiioned Guinny
Pepper. 4. Capftcum Pyramidale crcltum exiguum.
The very fmall or fmalieft Pyramidal Guinny Pep-
per. 5. Cappcum Cordalum crclium majus. The
greater upright Heart faihioned Guinny Pepper.
6. Capjicum Cordatum erelhtm minus , The leffer
upright Heart faihioned Guinny Pepper. 7. Cap-
ftcum Cordatum propendens , The pendulous , . or
hanging Heart faihioned Guinny Pepper. 8. Cap-
fcum Siliqua Oiwaria propendens , The hanging
Olive faihioned Guinny Pepper. 9. Capftcum Stlt-
qua Olivaria ereda, The uptight Olive faihioned
Guinny Pepper. 10. Capfcum longum eredum
majus , The greater long and upright Guinny Pep-
per. 11. Capfcum oblongum majus Si/iquis recur-
vis The greater crooked or Horned Guinny Pep-
per. 1 a- Cappcum oblongum minus Si/iquis recurvis.
The leffer crooked or Horned Guinny Pepper. 1 3.
Capfcum bifurcata Siliqua , Forked, or double
pointed Guinny Pepper. 14- Capfcum rotundum
minus Braftlianum , Small round Guinny Pepper.
1;. Cappcum rotundum majus furredum , The
greater round upright Guinny Pepper. 16. . Cap-
jicum Siliqua rotunda Ceraforum, The round C berry
faihioned Guinny Pepper. 17. Capfcum Siliqua
lata (J rttgofa. Broad erumpled codded Guinny
Pepper 18. Capftcum Siliqua flava brevtore. The
(hotter Gold yellow Guinny Pepper. 19. Capf cum
Siliqua flava longiore , The longer Gold yellow
Guinny Pepper. 20. Capfcum Cattle ptlofo, Hairy
Stalk’d Guinny Pepper.

’ The Defcriptions.

III. The firft, or Out moft Common Guinny
Pepper with long ted Codds. It has a Root

Gllapi 5 5 <5. ‘Englijh Herbs.

is compofei of a great Tuft or Bufh of Fibres or
Threads, fpr coding plentifully in the Ground, and
perijhing in the Winter Seafon , even in hot , or its
Native Countries, after its Fruit dr Cod's are ripen-
ed-, and with us, upon the fir It fharp Brofi it meets
with. The Plant it Jelf rifes tip, with an upright

Pepper, Guinny or Indian.

firm round Stalk, having a certain Pith with in it, and
m our Country about two Feet high, and not above
three in its Native places of Growth -, [[reading
it fe'lf out into many Branches on all fides, even
from the very bottom-, which divide them/ 'elves
again , intoother f mailer Branches: at each joint
of which come forth two long Leaves upon fhort joot
Stalks, fomewhat bigger than thofe of Night-fhade ^
elfe very like, with divers Feins in them , not at
all dented about the edges , and of a very fad green
color. The Flowers ft and fever ally at the Joints,
with the Leaves -, very like unto the Flowers of
Night-fhade, confifiing moji ufually of jive, yet
fometimes of fix white fmall pointed Leaves, Jtand-
ing open like a Star, with a few yellow Threads in
the middle : After which comes the Fruit, ( either
great or fmall, long or fhort, round or fquare, as
the Kind is -, and ft ending either upright or hang-
ing down, as their Flowers fhe w themfelves, either
of this or that form, as jhall be Jhewed in the
following Defer iptions : ) In this it is fomewhat
great and long , about three Inches in length, thick
and round at the Stalk, but [mailer towards the
end, which is not very fharp, but roundijh pointed j
green at the firji, but being full ripe , of a very
deep crimfon fhining red color on tbe out fide,
which is like a thick Skin , and white on the infi.de,
fuelling toller ably well and f meet-, having many flat
yellowijh white Seeds therein, cleaving to certain
thin Skins within it, which are broader at the up-
per end, and f mailer at the lower • leaving the end
or point empty, as not reaching fo far-, the
whole Husk :r Cod, but efpe dally the Seed, being

°[ fo hot and fiery a Tape, that it enflames and
bunts the 'Mouth and. Throat vehemently , and for
a long time after it has been chewed , with fitch
an extremity^ almoft to hazard Choaking. Tile
Defcnption ot this firfl Kind , is propofed as a
pattern for all the reft following, and by which
yon may frame at large all their Defcriptions,
the chief difference confining in the form of the
fruit, whether Husks or Cods , as (hall be more
demonltrated in every one of them in their before
named order.

V4 K'ojocond, or Great upright Spire falhioned
bumny Pepper. This is much alike , or very lit-
tle differing from the former. The difference of
the Fruit is, that this fiends upright -, is great be-
/utv, and f mailer ana ; taller to the point, which
is Jharper than in the firfl, elfe it might feem the
fame invert ed,tbat is, either that turned upwards, or
this turned downwards , of as brave and orient a
fhining Coral color, ns that other is.

„ Y- Tbe third, or Leffer upright Spire fafhioned
Cminnv Pepper. The Fruit of tins Kind is leffer by
half than the left, and not fo fharp or fmall at the
end but fomewhat round: and the green Leaves
alfo are fmaller and narrower. The Stalk like-
wjfe is fmaller , and not fo high. The Flowers of
this as of all the reft, which bear their Fruit up-
i ight, fond upright hkewife -, which is a certain
ru e to know, what Fruit will be pendulous and
what upright.

VI. The fourth, or the very fmall or fmatleft
ryramidal Guinny Pepper. The Bruit of this is
fmall and. grows upright-, the Cods beins, fhort and
round, an Inch long at leaf, and of a i blackijh red,
before they be thro ripe, but zoben per fiddly ripe
ate cts red as the refi. Tins Plant grows taller,
fuller of Branches , and more fiored, both with
Blowers and Fruit , which make tbe goodlier
profpetf. The Leaves are no fmaller than thofe of
the lajl beforegoing ■ and of the fame dark green
color with the reft.

V II. The fifth, or Greater upright Heart fafhi-
oned Guinny Pepper. This Plant grows to be but
of a mean height , not fo high as any of the former :
its Leaves are large , but not fo Jmall, at the ends.
I he Fruit is not hanging downwards, but [landing
upright, being fomething great, fattijh, and as it
locre bunched out at the upper end, next unto the
Stalk, and fmaller below, fhort and round pointed
fomething refcmbling the form of a Mads Heart. ’

J 4, Tbe fixth , or Leffer upright Heart faflii-
oned Guinny Pepper. This differs not from the
left, but in the fma/lncfs of the iruit, funding alfo
upright, and being fmaller by a third part, or near a
half, and Jhorter alfo.

IX. The feventh, or Pendulous or hanging
Heart Falhioned Guinny Pepper. The form of this
is fomething like to the fifth, or greater upright
Heart falhioned Pepper, being near of the Jame
bignefs, but a little more uneven, and not fo round
and full as red being ripe : it is pendulous, or hang-
ing down, not ft an ding upright as the other. There
is another fort of the fe Pendulous Peppers, ralte-
rum minus) differing in nothing from the greater
but in being fmaller.

X. The eighth or Hanging Olive falhioned
Guinny Pepper This has Jmall, long, and round
tods , J mailer below than above , being very like
unto an Olive Plum, of full as red a color be, ng
ripe as any of the reft, and hanging from its foot
Stalk downwards.

XI. The ninth or Upright Olive falhioned
Guinny Pepper. This differs from the left, but in
being greater than it, and in its Fruit ft ending up-
right, and not in any thing efe.

5 0. 2 XII. The

852 Salmon V Herbal* Lib. L

XII. The tenth , or Greater long and upright
Guinny Pepper. This is long end round , yet not
like that which carries the form of an Olive Berry,
but much longer , and of an equal bignefs all its
length , growing alfo upright.

XIII. The eleventh, ^Greater crooked or Horn-
ed Guinny Pepper. This has great large Cods,
about Jive Inches long, fometimes little or nothing
crooked at the lower end , which is long and /mail :
and fometimes a little crooked or bended upwards ,
and Sometimes very much.

XIV. The twelfth , or Letter crooked or Horn-
ed Guinny Pepper. This differs from the loft in
not being half Jo thick or long , and keeping its end
bowed or crooked conftantly, not varying as that does.
Both this and the laft hang down their Cods towards
the Earth. And the whole Plant is likewife lefs
than the former.

XV. The thirtecenth , or Forked or double
pointed Guinny Pepper. This is very like the
Long upright Pepper, and much about the fame
form and bignefs, being of an equal fisc aim of all
the length thereof: but differs from it in this, that
the lower end is parted as it were into two fhort round
Points , and is alfo a little fmaller there than up-
wards neither in color , nor any thing elfe differing
from any of the reft.

XVI. The fourteenth , or Small round Guinny
Pepper. This grows in the fame manner and form
that the fir ft Kind does , not differing therefrom in
any thing , but in the Leaves , which being in the
fame form , are not fo great and large : and in the
fruit , which in this is fmall and round, ((landing
fome forth right, and fome upright , but none pen-
dulous or hanging down, each of them upon a long
foot Stalk) about the bignefs of a Barberry, but
round and nothing fo red , of dark or blackijh red
color, cnc lining to red : and in another fort, almoft
black, having fuch like Seed within them, but
fmaller. This feldom bears ripe bruit in our Cli-
mate. Thqfe Plants or fruit which we have had
from the Bermudas where they are Natives, are oj
ayellowifh red.

XVII. The fifteenth , or Greater round upright
Guinny Pepper. The chief difference in this, con-
fifts in the form of the fruit, which grows upright
as the flowers do, being great and round like an
Apple, and is the greeted of all the forts which
bear round fruit of an excellent red color when it
is ripe , like unto polifhed Coral.

XVI II. The fixieenth , or Round Cherry fafhionM
Guinny Pepper. There are two Species of this
Plant , one which bears fully round fruit , like unto
an Englifh or Flemifh Cherry : the other which has
a little point at the end this being a little bigger
than the other , and both of them hanging down.

XIX. The feventeenth, or Broad crumpled Cod-
ded Guinny Pepper. The Cods of this Kind are
fomewhat large, greater above , and fmaller below 5
fomethiug flat alfo , and not round, but crumpled as
it were, or fhrunk half together , fuelling withal l
pretty Sweet.

XX. The eighteenth , or Shorter Gold yellow
Guinny Pepper. It might be thought by Jome, which
fee only the Cods oj this Pepper, that it differs from
all the reft, in the manner of growing, as well as
in the color of the fruit , but it is not fo. for it has
like Leaves, Stalks and flowers in every part , and
only differs in that it bears Cods, very like unto the
fir ft fort here deferibed at Se£l. 3. which is the
Common Kind, but that they are fhort er, and end-
ing in a fmaller or J harper point , and of a fair
Gold yellow color, not red as all the others before are.

XXI. The nineteenth or longer Gold yel-
low Guinny Pepper. This differs in nothing from

the lafl , but in the Cods , which are not fo thick as
they, but a little fmaller, from the middle thereof •
and a little longer, leffening very finely unto the
pointed end, of as fair a Gold yellow color as the
former.

XXII. The twentieth , or Hairy Stalk’d Guinny
Pepper. Its Roots are like to the others : and it grows
up 101th round green Stalks, Jet full of white Hairs,
in that differing from all the former. At the Joint s
with the Branches come forth two fuch Leaves as
the firft Kind here deferibed has, but larger than
they. The flowers are white., confifting of five
Leaves like the reft, but larger alfo than any of
them. After which come the Cods , which are green
at firft, as all the others are: but of as beautiful and.
glorious a red as the reft, when they are full ripe.
They are pretty great and long, ending in a very
long point.

XXIII. The Places. All thele Kinds of Pepper
are Natives of the IVeft-Indies or America, as
Brafil, New- Spain, Mexico , Peru, Florida, Caroli-
na, Virginia , Barbadocs, Bermudus , Jamaica. &c.
and. alio they have been found growing in Guinny ,
and many other parts of the African Continent.
From the Weft-Indies they were firft brought to
Spain, Portugal, Italy, England, Holland, &c.
and are Nurft up in our Gardens , where they
thrive and profper very well, and are now found in
almoft all the Provinces of Europe. Clufius fays,
That this kind of Cod Pepper, is not only Planted
in Spain and Portugal in leveral places, but alfo in
Moravia, for the profit fake they make of the
Fruit, which ferves them in all thole parts, in-
ftead of our Common EaJI-India Pepper.

XXIV. The Times. They are commonly Sown
j about the end of March, or beginning of April \
in their Native Countrys: They ufually Flower
about the beginning of Auguft and the Fruit or
Cods ripen not throughly, that is, they come not
to the beauty and perlefrion of their Coralline red-
nefs, until the beginning of Winter and fo do
abide both with Flowers and Fruit, moft of the
Winter in thofe hotter Climates : but with us as
foon as the Froft comes they perifh, and therefore
muft be Houfedif you will preferve them.

XXV. The Qualities. Guinny Pepper is hot
and dry in the fourth Degree, Altringent, Carmi-
native, Anodyn, Diuretick, Neurotick, Stomatick
Hyfterick, Emmenagogick and Alexipharmick. *

XXVI. The Specification. It cures Vomiting
want of Appetite, weaknefs and Indigeftion, the
Cholick, expels Wind, and powerfully -provokes
the Terms in Women: it facilitates the Birth, ex-
pels the After-Birth, and is profitable againft
Sand, Gravel, Stone, and Tartarous Slime in the
Reins, Ureters and Bladder.

XXVII. The Preparations. You may have
from the Cods or Fruit, 1. A Pickle. 2. A Sim-
ple Pouder. 3. A Compound or Artificial Pouder.
4. An Infufion, or Vinegar. 7. A Peffary. 6. A
Lohoc, or Eletluary. 7. A half am. 8. A Cofme-
tick. 9. An Emplafter. 10. A Decot lion in Wine.
11. The fifties. 12. A Spirituous TinUure. 13,
An Acid Tintlure. 14. An Oily Tintfure.

The Virtues *

XXVIII. The Pickle. The Cods are Pickled
as Cucumers , french Beans , and other things of
like Nature: being fo prefer ved, they are of extra-
ordinary ufe to ftrengthen and fortifie the Stomach,
ftop Vomiting, remove Naufeoufnefs, caule Appe-
tite, and a good Digeftlon ; they expell Wind in

the

Chap, 556.

the Stomack and Bowels, and are good againft pains
in the Intrails, and the Colick. They are com-
monly eaten with Meat, as a Pickled Sallet.

XXIX. The Compound or Artificial Ponder.
The Receipt is from Georgia de Reggio, who is the
chief Author thathas wrote amply of thefe Guinny
or Indian Peppers. Take of the ripe Cods of any
of the forts of Guinny Pepper , ( being all in Pro-
perties or qualities alike ) dry them well, Jirfi by
themfelves , and then in an Oven, after the Bread is
taken out, put into a Pot or Pipkin, with a fuffici
ent quantity of Flower, that they may be fufficient-
ly dryed : ajter which cleanfe them from the Flower,
(and from their Stalks if they have any ) cut or clip
them very fmall, both Husks or Cods , and Seeds
within them : and to every Ounce of them put a
Pound of fine Wheat Flower, or the fame with
which they were dryed in the Oven : make them up
into Cakes or fmall Loaves , with fo much Leaven,
as may be convenient for the quantity .- Bake thefe
again as you may do Bread of that fine, and being
well Baked. , cut it again into fmal/er parts , and
Bake it again, that it may be as dry and hard as
Bisket : which then beat into fine Ponder , and fift
it through a fine Searfe or Sieve , to be kept for ufe,
or to be ufed inftead of ordinary Pepper, for Broth,
Meat or Sauce, or any other purpofe our Common
Eaft-India Pepper is ufed for. In my opinion, half
the quantity of Plower here preferibed may be
enough : and it may be a quarter of a Pound to an
Ounce may be fully enough. It gives a good Sa-
vor, and it may be a better Tafte and Relilh to
Meat or Sauce, than the Common Pepper : and is
lingular good ro be ul'ed with fuch Meats as are
Flatulent or Windy, to break and difeufs the Wind
both in the Stomach and Bowels, and for fuch whofe
Bodies abound with Crudities and Moifture. One
Scruple of the laid Ponder may be taken in a little
Chicken, Mutton, or Veal-Broth , for comforting
and llrengthning a cold and moift Stomach, to help
Digeftion and provoke Appetite.

XXX. The ftmple Ponder of the Cods and Seed.

It is made by drying them throughly, (not fcorehing
or burning them) which may be done in a Bakers
Oven, after the Bread is out, andrepeating the dry-
ing fo long, till they will beat to Ponder in a Mor-
tar. It has all the Virtues of our Common black
Eajl-lndia Pepper , and may be ufed as Spice, in
Sauce or othervvife, as that is: It difcuHes and ’ex-
pels Wind, comforts and warms the Stomach, is
good againft the Colick, and griping of the Guts,
provokes the Terms in Women, facilitates the
Birth, and forces away the Dead Child, and After-
birth ; being alfo prevalent againft ObftruHions of
the Reins and Bladder thro’ Sand , Gravel, Stones,
and Tartarous or Slimy Matter lodged in thofe
parts. Dofe 1 Scruple to a Man or Woman, mixt
with fome proper Syrup, or with Hony, or other
fit Vehicle, Morning and Night, or at time of any
Paroxyfm.

XXXI. The Vinegar or Infufion. It is made by
Infufmg it in the bejt Dutch Wine Vinegar, 2
Ounces of the Pouder/e a Hbuart of Vinegar. If it
is made of the frefh ripe Cods, you may put 5 or l
Ounces or more, ( fir ft cut fmall ) to a ftuort of the
faid Vinegar. It is an admirable Stomatick,
ftrengthens and fortifies it, provokes Appetite, and
caufes a good Digeftion : it may be ufed at Meals,
as Sauce with Meats, and fuch other things as re-
quire Pepper and Vinegar : and upon occafion for
the purpofes aforefaid may be ufed or taken in a
Glafs of Wine, at Meals or otherwife. Bathed
upon the Region of the Spleen very hot, it dif-
folves the hardnefs, and eales the pain of, that
rifeus. Held in the Mouth againft the place

troubled with the Tooth-Ach, it eales the pain, and
preferves them from Rottennefs. Mixt with Red
Port Wine, and ufed as a Gargle, helps a fore
throat, and and in a little time heals it.

XXXII. The Decottion in Wine. It has the
Wrtues of the Vinegar, eafes the Tooth-Ach upon
the Spot, and makes an Excellent Gargle for a Sore
Mouth and Throat. It immediately gives eafe in
the Colick, Hops Vomiting, and is profitable for
luch as are troubled with a Quinley. It is faid to
be good for fuch as have a Watery Rupture, out-
wardly applyed : provokes Urine powerfully, helps
againft the Strangury, Sand, Gravel, Stone, &c.
Induces the Terms in Women, and caufes fpeedy
delivery to Women in Labor.

XXXIII. The Cofmetick. The Pouder mixt with
an equal quant, ty of Levigated Niter, and diffolvei
fvirr>e ™ine’ or wixed into a Li ni went with
uu of Ben ; and applyed, it rakes away Scurff,
Morphew, Spots, Freckles -, red and fiery Pimples
and other hot and lharp eruptions of the Skin.
The Liniment mixed with a little iharp Wine
Vinegar, and applyed , eafes the pains of the
Spleen, and dittolves the hardnefs thereof it alfo
difculFes ocher cold Tumors* and Oedcmatous Swel-
lings in the Joints.

XXXIV. The Lohocb or Eleffuary. It is made
by mixing the ftmple Pouder with three times its
weight of Clarified Hony, or rather with the Syrup
of green Ginger It is good againft Afthma’s,
Coughs Colds, Wheezings, Hoarfnefs, (hortnefs
of Breath, and other like Diftempers of the Brett
and Lungs: it is profitable againft an inveterate or
old Cough, helps the falling down of the Palate
and applyed to the Throat inwardly and outwardly is
good againft a Quinfy. Taken for 3 or 4 Days to-
gether to the quantity of a Dram or Dram and h'llf
Morning Noon, and Night, it is faid to expel the
JJead Child.

XXXV. The Balfam. It it made by mixing the
Pouder with ’Gum Armoniacum, or Galbanum, or
Ballam de Capivi, or Balfam de Peru. This laid
upon any hard Knots or Kernels, in the Neck
Throat, or any other parts of the Body ir will’
hmder their growing, and difeufs or refolve them
not (uttering them to grow any more.

XXXVI. The PcJJary. Take of the Pouder 2
parts-, of Pouder ot Gentian 2 farts- Gambogia
m Pouder 1 part-, mix, and make them into a
Pel], iry with Woolf dipping the fame into DecotFi-
cfore n‘ ~ ‘

. Ji o J miu iAXOCtl-

°n °4Colocynthis before ufing it. Being put up
, the Womb, it induces the Co.urfes or Terms eafes
the pains of thofe parts ; and if the time of a
Womans Labour is at hand, it battens it and even
brings away (as it is faid) the Dead Child and
the Alter-Birth.

XXXVII. The Emplafter. Take of the former
Pouder 2 Ounces-, Pouder of Tobacco 1 Ounce-
Frankincenle4 0a/7OT; Ballam of Peru 3 Ounces'
Chymical Oils of Salfafras, and of juniper Berries*
of each one Ounce: Mix and make an Emplafter
according to Art-, adding Bees Wax fo much as to
give it a due confiftence. It is good (being prefent-
ly applyed) againft the bitings of Mad Dogs or the
biting or flinging of any other Venomous Creature
It prevails againft Cramp, Convulfions, or Patties’
or any Trembling, weaknefs, or pain of the Nerves
and Tendons, whether in the Joints, Mulcles Spi-
na Torft, or in any other parts whatfoever ’ Ap-
plyed to theWritts, Stomach, and along t he Spina
Torfi, it cures Agues after an admirable maimer lo
as that they return no more.

XXXVIII. The AJhcs of the Cods , and of the
whole Plant. Being rubbed on the Teeth, they
cleanfe them, and make them grow white, if they

were

Salmon ^ Herbal. Lib. L

were black. Infilled in White Port Wine, the ln-
fufion provokes Urine powerfully, is good againft
the Strangury, and prevails againft the Dropfy,
Jaundice, Scurvy, Gout, as alfo againft Sand, Gra-
vel , and Tartarous Mucilage in the Reins and
Bladder.

XXXIX. The Spirituous Tintfure. Taken 6 o
or 80 Drops at a time in a Glafs of Wine, it gives
immediate eafe in the Colick i it powerfully pro-
vokes the Terms in Women, facilitates the Birth,
and expels the After-birth, as alfo the Dead Child.
It prevails againft inward Conv.uftions ; and out-
wardly Bathed along the Back-Bone, as alfo upon
the parts affefted, it is very beneficial againft the
Palfy, reftoring the feeling, eafing the pains if any
be, and adding ftrength to the Nerves, Mufcles,
Tendons, and parts affefted. Drank in Wine,
fometimes 30 or 40 Drops at a time, efpecially
falling, it is laid to be good againft a ftinking
Breath, although of long continuance : and mixed
with a little VVine, and held in the Mouth, it
gives prefent eafe in the Tooth-Ach.

XL. T he Acid Tintfure. It has all the Virtues
of the Spirituous Tintfure , but much more Sto-
matick-, it deanles the Ventricle, powerfully
opens all obftruflions of the Vifcera, Hops Vomit-
ing, takes away Naufeoufnefs, caufes a good Ap-
petite, and a ftrongDigeftion-, and therefore is very
good for fuch as are falling into, or are indeed in
a deep Confumption, becaufe it not only opens all
forts of Obllruftions as aforefaid, but it caufes a
good Chylous Juice to be generated for thenourilh-
ing of all the wafted and conlumed parts of the
fiefhy Subftance.

XLI. The Oily Tintfure. It is a moll excellent
Diuretick, Lithontriptick, and Anti paraly tick. In
the Strangury, Gravel, Stone, Palfie, inward Con-
vulfions, Cramps, ftoppage of* the Terms in Wo
men, &c. It may be given from 15 to 90 Drops
in Decotfion 0/ Penny-royal , or of Parjly , or in
White Port , or Lisbon Wine , or any other fit Vehi-
cle. It brings 3way both Birth and After-Birth,
and admirably eafes After-Pains, bathed upon the
Back-Bone and parts affefled in a Palfie, as alfo in
Cramps, it gives fingular relief.

XLII. Kota. Guinny Pepper is fo fiery hot,
and of fo (harp and biting Tafte, that it will burn
and inflame the Mouth and Throat fo extreamly,
that it is fcarcely to be endured : if any one (hould
chance to eat a Cod of it raw, it would hazard
their choaking: yea, being outwardly applyed
(frefh bruifed) to the Skin, in any place of the
Body, it would raife Blifters and exulcerate it, in
the fame manner as if it had been Burnt with
Fire , or Scalded with Water. The reducing
the Cods (when dry) into Pouder, ought to be
done with care, the Eyes being cloathed, and the
Noftrils being flopped : for |the Atoms of the
Pouder by flying up to thofe Parts, (if they can
come at them) will fo peirce and attrafl, that they
will induce a great Flux of Rheum or Humors by
thofe parts, and caufe fuch Vehement Sneezings as
may do the party concerned much Mifchief : and
if they fhould prefs into the Throat , they will
caufe fuch fierce Sneezings, Coughings, and Vomi-
tings with all, and with that Vehemency as to caufe
Convulfions, not only of the Stomach and Bowels,
but Univerfally of the whole Body.

CHAP. DLVIi.

Of PEPPER--WALL.

I- ' | ' 11 E Karnes. It is called in Arabiek, Hal-
* febram , Htmiracbabara , and Ti/afon-, in
Greek, ’A d'm, iTJ'is -rf'mr: in Latine ; Illecebra mi.
nor Lobelij ; Aizoon acre Cordi ; Aizoon minus fer-
vidi guftus Tbalij ; Sedum minus caujiicum, Clufij ;
Gramen Tertium Phnij Anguilarii : Dally hn jc-
cundum vel tertium Columns-, Sempervivum mini-
mum Lobelij ; but Columns thinks it not fit to be
called an Aizoon, or Sedum, becaufe they are all
extreamly Cold; whereas this is very hot, even in
the fourth Degree, and to this Opinion I adhere
knowing it to be no Species of the Sedum s,, but a
Plant of another Kind. In Englijh it is called,
Wall-Pepper, alfo Little Stone-Crop , Pricket and’
Wall Moufe-Tail. ^ ’

II. The Kinds. Authors make two Species of
this Plant, viz. r. Illecebra minor, five Sedunt
Tertium Diofcoridls , to which all the Names in
the former Seaion belong. Our Common Wall
Pepper. 2. Illecebra tnjipida, Aizoon minus 'Tbalij
Cf J ermicularis infpida, Aizoon minimum Cordi
Infipid, or Taftelefs Wall-Pepper.

The Def trip ions.

III. The firji, or Our Common Wall-Pepper.
U has a Root which is Creeping and fibrous, much
like to thofe of the Stone Crops. This Root fends
forth many Stalks, which as they lye upon the Earth,
take Root again, and fpread far. It is a fir. all
Plant, and grows much like to fome of the Stone
Crops, with very many and fender Stalks, bejet
round with fmall round Leaves growing very thick or
clofe together. At the tops thereof grow fmall pale
yellow flowers , in fmall Tufts. ' The Tajle of the
Plant is very hot and Sharp upon the Tongue
which chief y diftinguijhes it from the Sedum’/
or Stone Crops; tho' it is alfo diliinguified
by its form , being fmall and thick fet with round
Leaves.

IV. Gerard deferibes it thus. Its Root is no-

thing but Strings. It is a low and little Herb
whofe Stalks are fender and Jhort. The Leaves
about the Stalks Jland very thick-, being fmall
in growth , full Bodied , Jharp pointed, and full
of Juice. The flowers JI and at the top , and
are very fmall, of color yellow, and of a Jharp
biting 1 a fie. 1

V. The fecond, or Infipid, or Taftlefs Wall
Pepper. This has a Root only made of fibres
and is tu fmall a Plant as the la A, growing alt o° ei-
ther like it m Leaf, Stalk, and flowers, which are
yellowifh hkewife • but it is chiefly diftingitilhed
from the former by the Tafte ; which in this is' no-
thing biting, but utterly infipid or without Tafte.

VI. The Places. The firft grows almoft every
where in dry and ftony places, and in Chinks and
Crannies ol old Walls, and on the tops of Houfes.
It is always green, and therefore was ranked by
former Authors among the Scmpervives , or Houfe-
Leeks. The fecond grows alfo in the like Places
on Mud or Stone Walls, or among Rubbilh. or in
Tandy or gravelly. Places, and oftentimes on the
fides of old Tiled Houfes, and Pent-Houfes Sfe

VII. The

Chap. 557* ‘Engltjb Herbs,

Vepper-Wall Infipid.

VII. T be 'Times. They both Flower in the
Summer Months, in June and July , andfometimes
fooner ; and the Leaves (if the Seafon is not very
extream) continue green all the Winter.

VIII. The Qualities. The firft of thefe is
only ufed in Phyfick , and is hot and dry in
the fourth Degree, very attraftive, lharp and
biting: outwardly applyed it raifes Blifters,
and at length exulcerates the part it is apply-
ed to.

IX. The Specification. It cures the Sciatica
and Gout; prevails again!! the Kings Evil, is
Alexipharmick or good againlt Poyfon, and
cures Quartans and other Agues of long con-
tinuance.

X. T he Preparations. You may have there-
from I. A Liquid Juice. 2. An Effence. 3.
An Infolated or Decoded Oil. 4. A Balfam.
5. ACatapldfm.

The Virtues.

XI. The Liquid Juice. By reafon of its hot
and attractive qualities, it is (being taken inward-
ly) Emetick. Being taken with Vinegar, or fome
other proper Vehicle, it educes thick and tough
Flegm, and other tenacious and vifeous Humors in
the Ventricle, by Vomit: it evacuates alfo Cho-
lerick Humors, and thereby cures Quartan Agues,
and other Agues inveterate, or of long continuance.
And taken in the fame manner , it expels any fort
of Poiloii, whether Vegetable, as of the Aconites,
or Animal, from the fwallowing of any Poifonous
Creature ; but, Caveat qui fumpferit , fays Parkin-
fon , I fuppofe becaufe of its heat.

XII. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the
Liquid Juice, "being taken in the fame manner, or
in the fame Vehicle: and may either of them be
given, from a Spoonful to two Spoonfuls, more
or lels, accoruing to the Prudence of the Phylician.

It the Dole is given in a large quantity of th e
Vehicle, it will certainly be lefs dangerous"; fo alfo
if a good quantity of Poflet Drink , or Mutton
Broth be Drank after it, if it is found to burn
much : it much expels wind, and being given in a
fmall quantity warms and comforts the Stomach, and
gives eafe in the Colick.

XIII. The Infolated or Decoded Oil. It eafes
pains and difculfes Tumors proceeding from cold
and moil! Humors, and is a very beneficial thing,
in alleviating pains of the Gout. Anointed upon
the spina Do/ji, and parts aft'efted with the Pally,
it difculfes the Flatulent Humor , and cures that
difeafe, if it is recent : Anointed on the Neck and
Throat, it is good againlt the Quinly, fwellings
ot the Almonds, and other Diftempers of thofe
parts : Anointed on the Piles it cures them.

XIV. The Balfam. It is made with Beef Suet ,
Strasburg Turpentine , with a little Frankincenfe .
It is a potent tiling againlt the Gout, and all man-
ner of Aches and Pains of the Joints being applyed,
(univerfals alfo being at the fame time exhibited :)
it is profitable againlt the Kings Evil ; taking away
ot difeuffing Knots and Kernels in the Neck and
Throat, before they are broken ; or if Ulcerated,
digefting, cleanfing, and healing them in a Ihort
time.

XV. The Cataplafm. It is made by beating the
Herb up with a little Hogs Lard. Applyed to the
Hips, it cures the Sciatica; and to Joints affeaed
with the Gout, it eafes the Pain and educes the
Morbifick Matter , and this it does by drawing
Blifters upon the parts affeaed. And applied to
Kernels or Scrophulous Tumors in the Neck and
Throat, commonly called the Kings-Evil, it re-
moves or takes them away after a lingular
manner.

XVI. Nota. The feconi of thefe , is cold and
moilt in the fecond Degree, and it is thought
to be aftringent withal. And M (top Fluxes and
diftillations of Rheum, inward Bleeding, and out-
ward hot eruptions of the Skin, and to heal can-
cerous and fretting Sores and Ulcers, and is fafely
to be ufed , and efteftual tor all the purpofes for
which our Common Honfe-Leek is ufed, its Quali-
ties, Preparations , Virtues and Ufes , being much
the fame, which lee Chap. 484. Sell. 10, ad 19,
and Chap. 485. Sell. 6. aforegoing of this Book.

PEPPER-WORT, fee Dittander, Chap. 217.
PEPPER-WATER, fee Arfmart Biting, Chap. 52.
PEACH-WORT, fee Arfmart Biting, Chap. 22.
PERCEPIER, fee Pailly Macedonian, Chap. 540.

CHAP. DLVIII.

Of PERWINCLE.

OR,

The CLIME R.

I* #T' H E Names. It is called in Greek ,

A 77? J)i<tvoHj'ns i {Clematis 9 becaule it brings
forth its Stalks which creep or climb like thofe of
the Vine : Daphnoiedes , becaule its Leaves are like
thofe of the Bay-Tree:) in Latine , Clematis , O’

Vinca

Salmon’ s 'Herbal Lib. I

Vinca Pervinca , Chamadaphne Plinij Centuncuius
Plinij: in Englifh , Per winkle, or Climer , alfo
Periwinkle .

II. The Kinds. There are three feveral forts
which are common amongft us, viz. i. Clematis
Daphnoiedes major , Vinca Pervinca major , Ch amt-
daphne major , The greater Perwinkle. 2. Clema-
tis Daphnoiedes minor , K/Vratf Pervinca minor ( di-
verforum colorum ) Chamadaphne Plinij •, Ccntun-
culus Plinij , The leffer Perwinkle, or fingle Per-
winkle of divers colors. 3. Clematis Daphnoiedes ,
five Vinca Pervinca Plore duplici purpuero , Per-
winkle with double purple Flowers.

T/jc Descriptions*

III. T/;? fir ft , or Greater Perwincle. 7/.r Ite
confifts of a great Bitfh of fibres , which run and
fpread them] 'elves much , faftning them] elves ftrong-
ly in the Ground. This greater Perwinkle is fome-
ibing like to the next , or fmaller Kind , but much
larger , yet its Branches creep not in that manner ,

Perwinkle Great.

but ft and more upright , e/* creeping at the
'^’£ ^caves alf° hixeofytand by couples at
the Joints , but they are broader and larger by
the half than the next following. The flowers
likewfc are larger , confining of five Leaves , of a
blew color, 4 Ztf?/* deeper than the' blew in the leffer
Kind. 1 his Plant is fur tenderer to keep than the
fmaller Species , and therefore ought to be Planted
in a ™rmer place, yet a place which is mcik and
fhady. ■_ : . J

\\ . The fecond, or Leffer Perwinkle, which is
a iingie Perwinkle of divers colors. Its Root is in
<ts Body, lithe bigger than a Rulh, bufhing it Jetj

Perwinkle purple J mail .

Perwinkle Wild j. 'mall .

oat, in the Grounlyml creeping with its Branches ant
fibres far about, whereby it 'quickly takes tip a large
cdmpafs, and is therefore mof ufually planted under
Hedges, where it may have room enough to t en
From this Root firing forth mary Branches, trail-

Chap, 5 58. EngUJh ‘Herbs.

ing upon the Ground, running far about, and
/hooting out fmall litres at the Joints as it runs,
taking thereby frcfh hold in the Earth, and rooting
it J elf again in many Places. At the Joints of thejc
Branches grow two fmall dark green fhining Leaves,
Jomething like Bay Leaves but f mailer and with
them ccme forth alfo the Flowers, one at a Joint,
funding upon a tender joot Stalk, being Jomething
long and hollow, parted at the brims or edges , fome -
times into four, and fome times into five Leaves.
The Common fore are of a pale blew color , and
fome are of a pure white -, but fome again are of a
dark reddijh purple color , and theft are thofe which
are only planted in Gardens.

V. The third, or Perwinkle with double purple
Flowers. Its Root is very Bujhy and Fibrous like
the former : and this Plant is very much like to the
fecond leffer Kind juft now defer ibed, in dll things,
except in the Flower, which is of that dark reddijh
purple color, which is in the former fingle leffer
Kind, but herein it differs , that this bus another
row of Leaves within the Flower, fo that from
the two rows of Leaves, it came to be called double
Perwinkle, but the Leaves oj the Flowers of this
are leffer than the Leaves of this fingle Flowered.

VI. The Places. The hr It or Great Perwinkle,
grows in Spain, Italy, France , and other hoc Coun-
tries, from fome of which places it has been Tranf-
planted to us, and grows only in our Gardens.
The fecond or Blew fmaller Perwinkle, grows in
many Woods and Orchards, by Hedge fides in many
parts of England', fo alfo does the white Kind
here and there : but the Single purple, and Double
purple, or third Species, grow only in our Gardens
with us. The fecond Species whether Wild or
Garden, is faid to be the Common or Vulgar Kind,
and that which is only, or chiefly in Ufe.

VII. The Times. They are laid to Flower all
in March and April, and the Branches remain or
abide always green, more efpecially if they grow
in moilt and lhady places , in which they chiefly
’delight.

VI I I. The Vitalities. Perwinkle is hot and dry
in the fecond Degree, Aftringent, Emphra&ive ,
Styptick and Vulnerary.

IX. The Specification. It flops all forts of
Fluxes of the Belly, chiefly the Dyfentery or
Bloody Flux} as alfo all other Fluxes of Blood,
as Spitting or Vomiting Blood, Piffing of Blood,
and the overflowing of the Terms in Women, and
the too abundant Flux of the Loches of Women in
Child-bed.

X. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. A Liquid Juice. 2. An Effence. 3.
Decottion or lnfufion in Red Wine. 4. A Pon-
der of the Plant. 5. A Cataplafm of the green
Herb.

The Virtues.

XI- The Liquid Juice. Two or three Spoon-
fuls of it taken alone, or in a Glafs of Red Styp-
tick Wine, it flops all Fluxes of the Belly, and
Bloody Fluxes of what kind foever, and in what
Part of the Body foever. It is faid never to fail in
the Cure of a Bloody Flux , Spitting of Blood,
or Pilling of Blood, or the Terms •, but it ought to
be taken Morning and Night, till luch time as the
Cure is performed : Injected up the Noftrils, it
flops the Hemorrhage there j fo alfo InjeUed up
the Womb with a proper Womb Syringe ( as
well as taken inwardly by the Mouth) it con-
tributes more immediately to flop the overflow-

857

ing of the Courfes, or Loches in Women as afo, re-
fa id.

XI I. The Effence . It has all the Virtues of the
Juice, being ufed in the lame Dofe, and in the fame
manner, but is more effectual to the purpofes in-
tended^ applyed outwardly it flops the bleeding of
Green Wounds, and contributes very much to the
fpeedy healing of Ample Wounds or Ulcers, more
efpecially, if the Pouder of the Herb , be ftrewed
pretty thick upon the fame.

XIII. The Decottion, or lnfufion in Red Wine.
It has the Virtues of the Juice and Effence i
and may be given Morning and Night to five or
fix Ounces. Outwardly, it is Vulnerary and con-
tributes to the fpeedy healing of Wounds and
Ulcers. Ufed as a Gargle to a Sore Mouth
or Throat, it cleanfes the fame and quickly
heals it.

XIV. The Pouder of the Herb. It has 'all
the Virtues of the Juice , Fffence, and Decottion
or lnfufion, but operates not altogether with that
fpeed they do. Dofe from two Scruples to a Dram
or Dram and half, in Styptick Red Wine: out-
wardly applyed to Wounds it flops their Bleeding :
and ftrewed upon Ulcers, it cleanfes, drys and
heals tbemv

XV. The Cataplafm. Applyed to Bleeding
Wounds, it presently flops the Hemorrhage : and
to inveterate running Ulcers, it in a fliort time flops
the Fluxion.

CHAP. DLIX.

Of the PERU-FLOWE R,

O R,

MARVEL of PERU.

I. /np H E Names. This Plant is called by the
X Indians of Peru, Hachal , and for that
reafon fome Authors call it Hachal Indi : It has no
Greek Name: but our Modern Authors call it
Admirabiits y . Mirabiia Peruana Lj Peruviana
Plant a Admirabilis Gelfimum vel Jafninum Mexi-
canum, Jafninum rubrum (J Indicum Solanum
Mexicanum Bauhini ■, Solanum Odoriferum Admi-
rabilia Peruviana Clufij : in Englifh it is •called,
Marvel of Peru, Marvel of Mexico , and Marvel
of the World .

II. The Kinds. Authors have deferibed two va-
rieties of this Plant, viz. 1. Mirabilia Peruviana
major , The greater Marvel . 2. Mirabilia vel Mira-
bilis Peruviana minor , Solanum Mexicanum Flore
parvo , The leffer Marvel , whofe Defcriptions
follow.

H be Defcriptions »

III. The firft , or Greater Marvel. It has a
Root which is long and round , greater at the Head ,
and fmaller downwards to the end , like unto a Ra-
difh, fpreading out into two or three or more Branch-
es-, blackijh on the out fide, and whitijh within.
Thefe Roots have often been preferved by Art thro'
the Winter Seafon, yea for two or three Winters to-
gether (for they will perijh if they be left abroad.

5 R //:

858

SalmonV Herbal ■, Lib, I

?n the Garden in thofe Months-, urilefs it be under
a Houfe-fide , cr where they way be fheltred from
the Winters cold: ) bccaufe -many times the Tear not
filling out to be moderate or kindly , the Plants give
no ripe Seed and [owe Jhould be to feek both for
Seed to Sow, and Roots to Set or Plant again. The
Stalk of this Marvelous Plant is great and thick ,
thicker than any Mans Thumb , bunched out , or
Swelling with a Kind of Knee at every Joint in
fome Plants the Stalks will be of a fair green color ,
and thofe will bring white , or white and red Flowers :
and in fome a dark green color , which will give
yellow Flowers. The Stalks and Joints of thofe ,
which will give red and yellow Flowers Spotted, arc
fomewhat brownifh , but not fo red as thofe which
give wholly red Flowers. Upon thefe Stalks which
fpread into many Branches , there grow at their
Joints upon J 'ever al foot Stalks, fair green Leaves ,
broad at the Stalky and pointed at the end. At the
Joints likewfc , towards the upper part of the
Branches , at the foot of the Leaves , come forth
fever al ' f mall Flowers , upon fhort foot Stalks , every
one being fmall, long and hollow , from the bottom
to the brim , which is broad , fpread open , and
round, and confifls but of one Leaf without divi-
fion , like unto a Bell-flower, but not corntred at
all. Thefe Flowers arc of divers colors , and di-
ver fly marked and f pot ted, fome being wholly white,
without any fpot in them for the mofl part , thro 5 ail
the Flowers of the Plant. So like wife fome being
yellow, and fome wholly red. Some Plants again are
mixed and fpotted fo variably, either white and red ,
or purple ( except here and there , fome may chance to
be wholly white, or red, or purple, among the refl-,) or
red and ye How thro 5 the whole Plant ( except at before,
fome may chance in this kind, to be either wholly red, or
wholly yellow ) that you fhall fcarcely finde 2 or o,
Flowers in a Hundred, zvhich will be alike fpotted
and marked, without fome diver flty and [olikezvije
every Day , as long as they blow, zvhich will be until
the Winters or rather Autumns Cold puts a flop to
their prone nefs of Flowering. It has alfo been often
obferved, that one fide of a Plant will give fairer
varieties of Flowers than another, which is mojl com-
monly the Eaftern , as the more temperate and
Jhadowy fide. All thofe Flowers do open for the mofl
part, in the Evening or in the Night time, and fo
(land blown open, untill the next Mornings Sun be-
gins to grow warm upon them, which then clofe them-
felves together, all the brims of the Flowers jhr'ink-
ing into the middle of the long Neck, much like un-
to the Blew Bind-weed^ which in a manner docs fo
clofe uf) at the Suns warm heat. Or elfc, if the Day
is temperate and mild, without any Sunjhine upon
them, the Flowers will not then clofe up for the mofl
part of that Day, or until it is towards Night.
After the Flowers are pafl -, come feveral Heads of
Seed, that is, but one at a Place , as the Flowers
flood before -, of the bignefs fometimes of a fmall
Pea, but not fo round, funding within the green
Husks,' in zvhich the Flowers grew before -, zvhich
Seed is a little flat at top, like a Crown or Head,
and round below where it is fajlened in the Cup -,
of a black color zvhen it is ripe -, but elfe green all
the while it grows on the Stalk : and being ripe, is foon
fhaken down zvith the Wind, or any other light blow.

IV. Gerard has another Defcription, which be-
ing compared with the former, will more lively
fet forth this admirable Plant : and it is in thele
following Words. Its Root is thick, and like unto
a great Radifh, outzvardly black-, and within white ,
and Sharp in Tafle , zvherewitb is mingled a Super-
ficial Sweet nefs : it brings forth new Flowers from
July to Oftober in Infinite Number, yea even until
the Frojl does caufe the whole Plant to penfh-, not-

withjlanding it may be preferved in Pots , and fet
in Chambers or Cellars that are warm, and fo de-
fended from the injury of our cold Clime, provided
always that there be no Water cafl upon it, or pi, ,
forth into the Air, to take any moiflure in there ,
untill the March following : at zvhich time it mu ',
be taken forth out of the Pot, and planted again r:
the Garden : by this means many Plants have been
preferved , as zvell as by Saving of Seeds , zvhich
Sown Plats will bear Flowers in as ample manner,
and in as good time, as thofe referved Plants. 1 /:.•>
admirable Flower, called the Marvel of Peru, or the
Marvel of the World, fprings forth of the Ground,
like unto Bafil in Leaves: among zvhich it fends out
a Stalk two Cubits and a half high ('viz. about four .
Feet and half ) of the thicknefs of a Finger , full of
Juice, very firm, and of a yellowifh green color .
knotted or kneed zvith Joints, fomewhat bunching
forth, of a purplifh color , as in the Female Balia -
mina : which Stalk divides it fe/f into fun dry

Branches or Boughs, and thofe si jo knotted, like the
Stalk. Its Branches are decked zvith Leaves grow-
ing by couples at the Joints, like the Leaves of Wild
Peafecods , green, flefhy , and full of Joints 5
zvhich being rubbed do yield the like unpleafant
Smell as Wild Peafecods do , and are in Tafle
alfo very unfivory, yet in the latter end they leave
a Tafle, and fharp fmack of Tobacco. The Stalks
tozvards the Top, are garnifhed zvith long hollow
Jingle Flowers, folded as it zvere into five parts ,
before they be opened but being fully blozvn, do
refemble the Flowers of Tobacco, glittering 5 oft-
times with a fine purple or crimfon color, many
times of an Horfe F'lefh color, fometimes yellow ,
fometimes pale , and fometimes reft mb ling an old
red or yellozv color fometimes whitifh , and mofl
commonly of two colors, zvhich occupy half the
Flozver, or inter courfing the whole Flower zvith freaks ,
or orderly fir earns, now yellozv, nozv purple, divided
thro ’ the whole 5 having fometimes great , and fome-
times little fpots of a purple color , Jprinkled and
fcattered, in a mofl variable order , and admirable
mixture. The Ground or Field of the whole Flower ,
is either pale, red, yellow, or white, containing in
the middle of the hollowncfs a Prick or Point al fet
round about zvith fix fmall Strings or Chives. The
Flozvers are very fzveet and pie af ant, refembling the
Narcilfus or White Daffodil, and are very fudden-
ly fading. For at Night the Flozvers are wide open,
and fo continue till 8 of the Clock the next Morn-
ing, at which time they begin to clofe ( after the
manner of Bind-weed) efpecially if the Weather
is very hot: hut the Air being temperate , they will
fometimes remain open the whole Day, and clofe
them/ elves only at Night, and fo perijh } one Flower
lafling but only one Day, like the True Ephcmerum
or Hemerocallis. This wonderful variety does ( not
without caufe ) bring admiration to all zvho obferve
it. For if the Flowers be gathered , and referved in
feveral Papers , and compared zvith thofe Flowers,
which will Spring and Flourijh the next Day , you
fhall eaft/y perceive , that not one Flower is like
another in color, tho* you Jhould compare an hundred
zvhich Flozver one Day, zvith another hundred which
you may gather the next Day and fo front Day to
Day, during the time of their Flowering. The
Cups and Husks which contain and embrace the
Flowers, are divided into five pointed SeHiont, zvhich
are green , and as it zvere conflfting of Skins; where-
in is contained one Seed and no more , covered zvith
a blackifh Skin , having a blunt point on which the
Flozver grows -, but on the other end next the Cup
or Husk, it is adorned with a little fine cornered
Crown. The Seed is as large as a Pepper Corn,
zvhich of it felf fades zvith any light motion. With-

in this Seed is contained a white Kernel , which being
bruifed , refolves into a very white Pulp like Starch.
Thus Gerard.

V. T he fecund . or Lelfer Marvel. The Root
of this is like to the former, and anfwerable to it ,
in proportion to the refl of the Plant. This Small
Marvel of the World, or of Peru, at it is called ,
grows in the fame manner that the former greater
does , but nothing fo large , or fo high ; having Juch
like Leaves fet on the Stalks , blit much lejfer and
rounder : the flowers likewife being of a red color
for the mofi part , and made of one Leaf opening
into five parts on the Brims , like the other. They
ere fo Jmall , that the whole flower of this is fcarce-
ly fo big , cu the one part or divifton of the greater
flower ; and the Seed which follows , is in proportion
to the flower going before it.

VI. An Objervation. This larger flant yields in
our Gardens, five or fix feveral Varieties of beauti-
ful Flowers, as, I. Pure White. 2. Pure Yellow.
3. Pure Red. 4. White and Red Spotted. 5.
Red and Yellow Spoted. 6. Purple Spotted. But
befides thefe there are fome other forts, among
which was , 7. One of a Pale Purple or Peach
color. 8. And a Purple or Peach color Spotted, Lac.
all which differences in the color of their Flowers,
may be difeerned by the Leaves of the Plant, and
manner of growing, which are all different one from
another: andimanyof them in their Native Coun-
tries different from thofe which we have growing
with us in our Gardens ; but concerning them all,
the chief difference almoft confilts in the Flowers.

VII. Obfervauon 2. Within a while after the
firftFrofts have taken the Plants, fo that the Leaves
wither and fall, dig up the Roots whole; and lay
them in a dry Place for three or four Days, that
the fuperfluous moifture on the outfide may be
exhaufted or fpent and dryed away, which dene,
wrap them up feverally , in two or threa brown
Papers, and lay them by in a Box, Cheft, Tub, or in
fome other convenient thing or place in the Houfe,
all the Winter time , where no Wind or moift Air
may come to them. And thus you (hall have
thefe Roots preferved, and fit to Plant again the
next Spring , which will fpring again afrelh the
next Year, if you plant them in the beginning of
March , as has been often times proved.

VIII. Objervation 3. Some have put them up
into a Barrel or Firkin of Sand or dry Alhes,
which is alfo good, if the Sand or Alhes be thro’
dry ; but if they be any thing moift, or if they
give again in Winter , as is ufual, that moifture of
Sand or Alhes, will putrifie the Roots, fo that they
will be nothing worth, when the time (hall come
that they (hould be planted.

IX. Objervation 4. This is alfo to be Noted,
as to the fowing of the Seed, that if you would
have variable Flowers, and not all of one color,
you mull chufe it out of fuch Plants as be varia-
ble while they grow , and out of fuch you muft
always referve your Seed : for if the Flowers be
of one entire color , you will have for the molt
part from thofe Seeds, Plants which will bring
forth Flowers all of a color, whether they be
white, red, or yellow.

X. The Places. Thefe Plants grow naturally
in Peru , Mexico , and other Provinces of the Weji-
Indits , where there is a perpetual Summer , or at
the leaft no cold Frofty Winters : and from fome
of rhofe parts the Seed was firft brought to Spaing
from whence it has been conveyed to molt other
Countries in Europe , and particularly into our
Gardens in England , having now had it with us,
Tor near this Hundred Years, or more ; fo that now
they are almoft in every Garden of Note.

XL The Times. The Roots ought to be plant-
ed in the middle of March if the Sealon is tempe-
rate and warm; otherwife in the beginning of
April, at which time they are to be taken out of
the Papers, or from the Sand, in which they lay
Buried, and then placed in that part of the Gar-
den which is warmeft, and withall lhady and a
a little moift. If you raile them from the Seed,
it is to be fown or planted about the midft of
April. They bring forth their Flowers from the
end of July, and Flower thro’ all Attguft and Sep-
tember, toO fiber, or till cold Air and Frofts come,
which pull them down ; the Seed ripening in the
mean Seafon.

The Virtues.

XII. This Plant is efteemed more for its Rarity
and Beauty, than for any Virtues it is known to
have; nor have we learnt anything concerning the
fame from the Indians , among whom it is a Na-
tive: Its exceeding and admirable Beauty, and
Sweetnels of its Flowers, being the only reafons
for which it is Nurft up in our Gardens ; in which
ir is indeed a pleafant Ornament. However, Ja-
cobus Antonins Cortufus of Padua fays, That he
had found out by experience, that the Ponder of
the Root , taken to two Drams inwardly, in any fit
Vehicle, does exceedingly well purge Watery
Humors.

PESCOD-TREE, fee Bean Trefoil, Coup.
PESTILENT-WORT, fee Burter-Bur, Chap. 100.
PETTY-COTTON, fee Cudweed, Chap. 180.
PETTYGREE, fee Knee-Holme, Chap. 4r7.
PETER-CORN, fee Barley Wild, Chap. 44.

CHAP. DLX.

Of P E T E R S - W O R«T.

0

Square JOHNS - WORT.

I. 1 j ' H E Names. It is called in Greek ,
1 ’Aanoyv, i, ’A emesiSit, Afcyron (f Afcyrot-
des : Diofcorides faith, it was called alfo, timunSe
lb •AvJ'eiaaiucv, Hypericon, i: e. Johns-Wort, and
Anirofamon , i. e. Tutfan , or Park Leaves : and
Galen therefore, accounted ir a kind of Androfa-
mumi, but it is truly neither of thefe Plants : in
Latine, it has no other Name than Afcyrum , from
the Greeks: and in Englifh, it is tailed Peters-
wort, or Johns-wort future Stalked, Johns-wort the
greatefi.

II. The Kinds. Authors have many Kinds of
this Plant, the three following afe eminent, viz.
Afcyrum vulgar e , Matthioli-, it is, Androfimum
pnmum fuchfij-. Hypericon Dodonati, in his French
Edition ; Androfamum allerum Hirfutum Column €
(and yet he doubted whether he Ihould Call it Hy-
pericum, or Androfsmum, and fa id that it came
neareft unto Afcyrum , tho’ fomething differing
5 R 2 from

Chap. 559. ‘Englijb Herbs .

§6g Salmon V Herbal Lib. L

from it, hut this miftake of his might be from
the differing Soils and Clime, wherein he faw it
gtow : ) Anrlrofimum Hirfutum Btmhim ; Hyperi-
ccn if- dumetis nfi'cens Trdgi, Our common PeterS-
tvort, or fquare Johns-wort. 2. Afcyrum Supimm
-SiUofuih paluftre , Btmbini-, Afcyrum Supinum
MPa Clafij, Marlh Peters-wort, or Creeping Marflt
Peters- wort. a. ' Afcyrum magna Flore Battbini,
Great Flowred j?eters-wort.

The Defer ipt ions.

111. T he flrfi, or Our Common Peters-wort,
or Square Johns-wort. It I'm a hard and woody-Root ,
not very thick, running under the upper furjqce of
the Earth , with a great number of Fibres /fring-
ing from the fame , and running fir ait down into
the Earth ; it fends forth new Jhoots every Tear,
and abides a long t ime, or for many Tears. This is
that Peters-wort which is mefi common with us in
England, and Fifes up with fquare upright Stalks
for the trnft part , fame thing greater and higher than
Hypericon, or Johns-wort, but brown in the fame
manner. At every Joint, it has two Leaves, Jome-
thing like thofe of Hypericon, but larger, a little
rounder pointed, and with very few or no holes to be
fecit therein, and having fometimes fome J mailer
Leaves, fifing from the Bofiom of the greater, and
fometimes a little hairy withall, as the Stalks will
be. At the tops of the Stalks grow many yellow
Star like Flowers, with yellow Threads in the mid-
dle very like unto thofe 0/ Hypericon, fo that but
for the largenefs and height, it is not readily
difeerned from Hypericon. T be Leaves and

Flowers give a bloody Juice, being bruifed be-
tween the fingers as that does ; and it has fiuch
like Seed, and of as Strong and Refinotis Smell.

Jobns-wrt.

Note, That by a miftake of the Printer, the true
Figure of Peters-wort is placed in the Chapter
of Johns-wort , G)ap. 405:. Pag. 572. b. which
ought to be placed here ^ and this Figure of
Johns-wort, which is put here, ought to be
placed there, of which we defire the Reader to
take notice> to avoid being miftaken.

IV. The fcco a d, dr Marfh Peters- Wott, or Creep-
ing Marfh Peters-wort. It Springs up with Stalks
round, woolly , and foft , which Jland not upright,
but lean downwards , taking Root at the Joints,
having fome what rounder pointed Leaves , Jet at
the Joints , two for the moji part together. The
Flowers are as yellow, and of the fame . bignefs as
the former, but give not full out fo red a Juice as
they do * and in thefe particulars confffs the whole
difference from the fir ft, jetting afide alfo the Na-
tural place of its growth.

V. JohnJon upon Gerard, thus deferibes this
fecond Species. It fends forth divers round hairy
creeping Stalks , which here and there put forth
new Fibres or Roots , and thefe are fet at certain
Spaces , with very round and hairy Leaves of a
whitifh color, and two at a Joint. And on the tops
of thefe Stalks, grow a few fmall yellow Flowers,
which con/ift of five Leaves apiece. Thefe Stalks
feldome fend forth Branches , unlefs it be one or two
at the tops. This (fays he) may well be called in
Fnglifh, Round S. Peters-wort.

VI. The third, or Great Flowered Peters-wort.
This Plant is very much like the fir ft defer ibed^
faving that it has a round brown upright Stalk , two
Feet high at the leaf, with fucb like , but larger
Leaves, and round pointed, of a paler green color
on the upper fide , and whiter underneath. The
Flowers which put forth at the end of the Stalk , are
of a pale yellow color like the fieft, but much larger ,
with yellow Threads therein alfo. There is a larger
Peters-wort than this, which is faid to grow in
Candia, which they call Afcyroides Cretica major ^
but it differs in nothing from this, but in the large-
nefs of its Leaves and Flowers, which are three or
four times greater : the which difference may arife
(for all that I know) from the different goodnefs
of the Soils.

VII. The Places. The firft grows in many
Graves and fmall low Woods in feveral places of
England, as in Kent , Huntington, Northampton,
and Cambridgflnres , as alfo near Water Courfes
in other places. Gerard found it in many places
in Kent, as in a Cops by the then Mr. Sidleys
Houfe near South-Fleet. It grows alfo plentifully
in the North parts of England , efpecially irr
Landfdale and Craven. The fecond grows in
the Marfhes in the Low Countries, and in divers
Boggy Grounds of this Kingdom, as Jobnfon fays,
and is truely that Plant which Clujius delcribes in
Autfarium. The third is a Native of the Pyrenean
Mountains, and has been Tranfplanted from thence
into our Clime, and is nourifht up in fome of our
Gardens. Yet I have heard fome excellent Bota-
niffs fay, that they have fometimes met with it
upon feveral of the Mountains in Wales .

VIII. The Times. They all Flovvet in June
and July , and the Seed is ripe in July and
A u guff.

IX. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations
and Virtues of Peters-wort, are the fame with
thofe of Johns-wort, in Chap. 407. Sell. 7. ad 22.
of this Book aforegoing, to which 1 refer you.
But Johns - wort is laid to be the more potent and
efficacious to the purpofes intended* and fo to be
prefered before Peters-wort,

X. The

X. The Fonder of the Seed of Peters- wort.
Diofcorides , Pliny , and Galen fay , That if
it is taken to the quantity of two Drams
at a time in Mead , or Honied Water , that
it purges Cholerick Humors, and thereby helps
fuch as are troubled with the Sciatica or Hip
Gout.

PICK-PURSE, fee Shepherds-Purfe , Chap.
PIGEONS- FOOT, fee Doves-Foot, Chap. 228.
PIGEONS-GRASS, fee Columbine, Chap. 148.
PILD-CORN, fee Oats Wild, Chap. 525.

CHAP. DLXI.

Of PILE - WORT.

0 R,

FIG-WORT.

I. /“T“' H E Names. It is called by the Ara-
_L bians , Memiten : in Greek 6 Xtu/Svioy
[wie}v t in Latine Chelidonium minus , (and yet
in truth is no Chelidonium , or Celandine ,

nor any Species thereof:) but the molt com-
mon Latine Names are, Pic aria , iff Scrophu -
laria (becaufe it cures the Kings-Evil,) alfo
Amelh/s Virgillij Guilandino $ TeJUcu/us Sacer-
dotis Sylvatici •, Ranunculus latifolius Lugdu-
nenfts , (and yet it has no biting Talte as the
Ranunculi have : ) Cbelidonia Rot undifolia Bau-
hini -, and it is thought to be the Stru-

tnea F/inij : in Englijh , File-snort , Fig-wort ,
and by fome , the Leffer Celandine , (tho1 impro-
perly.)

II. The Kinds. There are two Species of
this Plant , viz. 1. Ficaria feu Scrophularia
major , Hi r undin aria major , The Greater

Pile-wort , or Fig-wort. 2. ficaria feu Scro-
phularia minor , The Lelfer Pile-wort , or Fig-
wort.

Tile -wort Great: double Flutter'd.

The Descriptions,

III. The firfl , or Greater Pile-wort, or Fig-
wort. Its Root is Fibrous , full of many fmall
Kernels or Knots , fome f mailer, fome greater ,
growing without any order , almoji like Grains
of Wheat , but larger , and of a white color.
The Leaves are round , thick and fmooth , grow-
ing almoft as large as Afarum or Afarabacca,
fome times a little waved about the edges ,
and fometimes not , each Leaf ftanding upon
a longer foot Stalk than thofe of the fol-
lowing or Lelfer Kind , yet lying upon the
Ground. The Flowers which grow fever ally ^
as the next or lefer do, fund upon longer
foot Stalks, are of a pale yellow color, and
larger than they , con fifing but of five or
fix Leaves , cut in at the ends unto their
middle, and having fome reddijh Threads in the
middle of the Flower Sr

%

86:

Salmon’* Herbal.

Lib. L

Pile-wort [mall.

The Virtues.

thirty round pole green Leaves , Jet on weak and
trailing Benches, which lye upon the Ground, and
an flat , fmooth , and J'omewhat Jhintng, and in
fame Places (tht? feldom) marked with black Spots,
each funding on a long foot Stalk : among which
rife 'up fmall yellow blowers, (confining of nine
or ten J mail narrow Leaves) growing upon Jlenier
foot Stalks, Very like unto a Crowfoot blower , to
which the Seed alfo is not very unlike, being many
f, 'mail ones Jet together upon one Head.

V. There is another Jort hereof, which has as
it were double blowers , conji fling of two rows of
Leaves, in all , other things not differing from the
former , which Camerarius in Horto, only men-
lions.

VI. T he P laces. They grow in moift Meadows,
by common Ways, and Ditch-fides which are wet,
and fometimes overflowed with Water, and almoft
every where throughout the Kingdom, in Plafhy,
and watery Grounds, in the moift corners of Fields,
and places which are near the Water fide: and yet
they will alfo grow in fomething dryer Grounds pro-
vided it be in the (hade withal.

VII. 'The Times. They fpring forth out of the
Ground about the middle or latter end of February ,
and Flower and Seed in March and April , and
are quite gone in May, fo that they cannot be
found, till they fpring up again the next Year.

VIII. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in
the firft Degree, and not in the fourth Degree, as
TioJ. corides and Galen , make theirs to be. They
are Attractive, moderately Maturative, ptherwife
Difcuffive, Abfterfive, and Vulnerary.

IX. The Specification. Tile-wort is a Angular
Cure for the Haemorrhoids or Piles, and theDi-
feale called the Struma or Scrophula , vulgarly
the Kings-Evilj it foftens and difeuffes Wens,
and other hard Tumors.

X. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, I. A Liquid Juice or EJJe/ice of the Leaves
and Roots. 2. A Deception of the fame. 3. An
Oil, or Ointment. 4. A half am. 5. ACataplaJm
of the fame.

XI. The Liquid Juice , or E fence. They are
Specificks againft the Scurvy, Jaundice, Gout,
Stone, Gravel, Kings-Evil; and productions of'
the Hemorrhoids or Piles , being inwatdly taken
from 2 to 3, or 4 Spoonfuls, Morning and Night,
in a Glafs of White Port, or Lisbon Wine:, and
withall bathing and fomenting the parts affeCted
therewith hot, twice or thrice a Day, for half an
Hour together.

XII. The Deco ion. It has the Virtues of the'
Juice or Ejfence , but much weaker in its effeCts and
and operation, and may be given for the fame pur-
pofes, from 4 to 8 Ounces, fweetned with Syrup
of Violets, or of Rofes Solutive, Morning and
Night. If the Decottion 1 part, is mixed with the
Juice or Ejfence 3 parts, and ufed as an Errh'tne up
rhe Noftrils, it purges and cleanfes the Head and
Brain, from cold and moift Humors which offend
it, and many times prevents an Apoplexy, and
Cures the Epilepfy, Vertigo, Lethargy, and other
Difeafes of like Kind;

XIII. The Oil or Ointment. Anointed 3 or 4
times a Day upon the Hemorrhoids or Piles it
cures them*, and is wonderfully beneficial in the
Cure of the Kings-Evil, and hard Tumors in many
parts of the Body, being anointed upon the parts
affeCted, and Cloths dipt in the fame apply ed
over them.

XIV. The Balfam. If the Piles or Scrophula are
difpofed to break, it will ripen and break them,
and afterwards more fully digeft the indigefted
Matter, cleanfe and heal them after an admirable
manner, beyond molt other Medicaments appropri-
ated to the Cure of thofe Difeafes.

XV. The Cataplafm of the Green Herb and Roots.
It difeuffes and heals fimple Contufions, being ap-
plyed whilft they are Recent ^ is profitable againft
an Oedema in the Knee, and either difeuffes (be-
ing applyed warm) or maturates, breaks, cleanfes
and heals the Hemorrhoids in a (hort- time , and
withal gives prefent eafe and relief in the pain tho’
never fo extream. In a recent Scrophula, it diff
cuffes the Kernels and Knots, tho’ never fo hard,
foalfo if they be inveterate, if long applyed 5 but
if they tend to fuppuration, it haftens it and breaks
them, after which they may be wafhed with the
Juice or Ejfence, and then deanfed and healed
with the Ointment and Balfam.

CHAP. DLX1I.

Of PIMPERNEL.

I. /-T“V H E Karnes. Some take this Plant to be
JL the Melochia of Serapio , but the Mas or
Male Kind F 'litre Phcrniceo , he calls it in the Ara-
bian Tongue Xantala , and the Lamina Elore Cdtru-
leo, he calls, Cardabella. It is called in Greek,
,Ava.)a.\Ki{ {ex tiva & yihKii idque ex Gallo Phrygia
fluvio ubi oritur : ) in l.atine , Anagallis ; in
Englijh , Pimpernel. Some Authors call it, Mor-
fus Gallina & Morgelina, but thefe are rather the
proper Names of a Species of Alfine or Chick-
weed. Marcellus an old Writer calls it Macia -y
which is extant alfo in Diofcorides, among the

Barba-

Chap, 562, Englijb 'Herbs .

863

Barbarous Names. Some call it Corcbor us, or Cor-
cor its , fuppofing it to be the Corchorus'fi heophraffi.
Lib. 2. Chap. 7. which he accounts Inter Olera ,
among the P<tf Herbs: and for its bitternefs became
a Proverb, I9 hayfyoiu Corchorus inter Olera ,

when we fpeak of vile or ill Men, who would be
accounted of, as among the Good, or deferving of
Mankind. But this is not the Corchorus Plinij , in
Lib . 1 j. Chap. 32. which is the Me lochia , or 01 its
Judiacum , the jt’zy.r Mallow.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral Species of
this Plant, as, 1 . Anagallis Alas, Anagallis Flori-
bits Pbceniceis, vel Flore Phceniceo, the Male Pim-
pernel, or Pimpernel led Flowered. 2. Anagallis
Fcemina, Anagallis Flore Car nice, v.el Floribus Cce-
ruleis, the Female Pimpernel, or Pimpernel blew
Flowered. 3. Anagallis Flore purpureo obfolete
Cliff) , the dull red, or purple colored Pimpernel.
4. Anagallis Flore cameo Parktnfoni , Pimpernel
with blufh colored Flowers. 5. Anagallis Flore
luteo , Anagallis lute a Numalaria Sylvatica Cf
Alas Gefneri , Alfine lute a Lugdunenfis, Pimper-
nel yellow Flower’d. 6. Anagallis tenuifolia
Gerardi , Anagallis tenuijoli a Flore Cjzruleo ■, Ana-
gallis tenuifolia Monelli Clufio , Pimpernel narrow
Leav’d of Monellus.

Ihe Defcriptionr.

III. The firft , or Male Pimpernel, or Pimper-
nel red Flowered. Its Root is f mall and Fibrous ,
perifhing every Tear. This Common Pimpernel
Springs up with feveral weak fquare Stalks , lying
on the Ground, befet all along with two f mall and
almoft round Leaves at every Joint , one againft
another very like unto Chick weed, but without foot
Stalks, for they do as it were encompafs the Stalk ,
in which particular it differs from it. The Flowers
/land ffngly , each by the mfe Ives , at the Joints,
between them and the Stalks -, conftfting of five
fmall round pointed Leaves, of a Jine pale red color ,

Vimpernd Male , or red Flower'd.

tending to on Orange color , with fo many Threads
in the middle : in whoje places after they are gone ,
fmooth round Heads fucceed , like thofe of Chick-
weed , m which is contained a fmall fort of
Seed.

IV. Gerard thus ieferibes it. The Male, or red
Flowered Pimpernel , ( which is like unto Chick-
weed,) has a Root which confifis of fender firings.
The Stalks are four fquare. trailing here and there
upon the Ground, on which do grow broad Leaves
and fharp pointed, fet together by Couples: front
the Bofoms whereof do come forth fender tendre/s ,
on which grow fmall purple flowers tending to
rednefs , which being paft , there comes in their
places fine round Bullets , like unto Coriander
Seed, in which is contained fmall dufty Seed.

V. The fecond, w- Female, or blew Flowered
Pimpernel. This differs not in any particular
from the firft or Male Kind, but is in all things
like unto it, faving only in the color of the flowers,

Fimpernel Female , or him
Flower'd.

the former or Male being of a red color , but thefe
or Female, being of a fair blew color , in which
only the difference confiffs.

VI. The third, or Dull red, 0/- purple colored
Pimpernel. This does like wife in all things refera-
ble the former, faving that the Flowers of this are
of a dull or dark red color, having an Eye or glimpfe
of purple therein.

VH, The fourth , or Pimpernel with blufh
colored Flowers. This in its Roots , Stalks, Leaves,
Flowers , Seed , and manner of growing, is altoge-
ther like to thofe before defer ibed, and only differs
from them, in the color of the Flower, which is of a
fair blufh or incarnate color.

VIII. The fifth , or Pimpernel yellow Flower’d.
It has a Root which is fmall and Fibrous , and perifhes
not every Tear as the others do*, for with the Plant
when in Flower , there has been gathered dry Stalks

with

864"

Salmon'/ Herbal, Lib, I

the Heads of Seeds upon them , which have remain-
ed all the Winter, from the former fears growing.
This Plant grows in like manner a* the others do ,
with many fpreading Branches upon the Ground ,
but they are fame thing greater , and fo are the
Leaves alfo, larger than any of the former forts ,
but Jet by couples at the Joints , where the F lowers
come forth upon long foot Stalks , like unto the
others , but larger, and of a fair yellow color, with
pointed Leaves fome what like unto Nummularia,
with round Heads alfo , containing the Seed.

Vimpernel yellow.

IX. Gerard fays, Its Root is (mall and thready,
that it has many weak and feeble Branches trailing
upon the Ground , befet with Leaves one againjl
another like the great Chick-weed, and not unlike
to Nummularia, or Mony-wort: between which
and the Stalks come forth fingle fmall tender foot
Stalks , each bearing at their top , one fingle yellow
Flower , and no more ,

X. The Jixth , or Pimpernel narrow Leav’d of
Monellus of Tournay. Its Root is fmall and Thr ed-
dy like the others , perifhing in the fame manner
every Tear. It grouts alfo in the fame manner
which the others do, with fpreading Branches upon
the Ground , and Leaves fet at the fever al Joints ,
which are longer and narrower, and withall fharp
pointed , fomething refembling the Leaves of Gra-
tiola or Redg-Hyfiop, not always two at a Joint, but
oftentimes three, and fometimes more, tho ’ not
often. At the Joints likewife with the Leaves,
jiand feveral Flowers, a* in the other forts, upon
fmall long foot Stalks , made of five fmall round
pointed Leaves, yet fomething greater than thofe of
the former blew fort , having a circle of a purple
color in the middle or bottom , which afterwards yield
fuch like round Heads and Seeds.

XI. The Places. The firft grows in Plowed
Fields, near Path -ways, in Gardens, and Vine-yards,
in Meadows and Corn-Fields, almoft every where,
The fecond is not fo common, yet found in many
places, as near Battle by Oxford, and plentifully in
Rumney Marfh, at Higham-Ferries , Artilborow,
and Rounds in Northamptonfhire , and at Beco/is
field in Buckinghamfhire , Gerard found' it alfo
growing in a Chalky Corn-field in the way from

one Swanie’s Houfe of South-Fleet to Long-field
Downs. The third only grows in Gardens at
Franckfohd, at Leyden in Holland, and with us.
The fourth, Parkinfon fays, grew of it felf, in
his own Garden, here in London, and came up
every Year of its own fowing. The fifth grows in
(hady plapes, as in Hampfted Wood about Afford \
at a place called the Park, and in many places in
Kent, efpeciallyin Wood- Lands. Thefixth is a Na-
tive of Spain, about Cadiz ■, and John Monellus , had
of it growing in his Garden at Tournay in France ^
Johnfon fays alfo , that he found it growing in
Efifex , among the Com at Wright sbridg , being the
then Seat of one Mr. John Wright.

XII. The Times. They are laid to Flower from
May to Auguft, and the Seed to ripen and tall in
the mean time. They Flower chiefly in the Month
of Augufi and in Harvelf time, and the Husband-
Man has an obfervation of the Weather from the
Flowers, and will prefage what (hall follow the
next Day after : if the Flowers be clofe (hut up,
they fay that it betokens Rain, and foul Weather:
but if they be open and fpread abroad, it (hews
the contrary, viz. that the Weather will be
fair.

XIII. The Vitalities. Pimpernel ( Male and Fe-
male) is hot and dry in the firft Degree, Ab-
fterfive, Anodyn, Aperitive, Anra&ive, (To that
Galen De fac. Simp. Med. Lib. 6. fays, They are of

cleanfing faculty , and have an attractive heat,
whereby they draw forth Thorns, Splinters, or other
like things , which arc gotten Into the Flcfib.) Cof-
metick, Digeftive, Difcuffive, Diuretick, Incarna-
tive and Traumatick or Vulnerary ^ they are Car-
diack, Hepatick, Nephritck, Ptarmick, Emmenago-
gick, Sudorifick, and Alexipharmick.

XIV. The Specification. Pimpernel is a peculiar
remedy againft the Plague, and all Malign and
Peftilential Fevers, and other Contagious Diieafes *.
it cures the bitings of Serpents, as Vipers, Rattle
Snakes, Mad-Dogs, and other Venomous Crea-
tures : is good againft the Strangury, Stone, and'
Gravel, and heals all Wounds and Ulcers, whether'
inward or outward ; Hops the Flux of Humors
into any part, eafes pains in the Ears, and the Piles,
and prevails againft an Ophthalmy, and other DR
feafes of the Eyes.

XV. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. A Liquid Juice. 2. An Ejfence 3. A
Decottion 4. An Errbine. 5. An Ointment or
Balfam . 6. A Gataplafm. 7. A Di filled Water.
8. A Spirituous TinUurc. 9. An Acid Tintfure,
io. An Oily TinUure. 11. An Ophthalmick.

T he Virtues ..

XVI. T he Liquid Juice. Applyed to Green
Wounds, it conglutinates their Lips and heals
them : to Ulcers , it deanfes them and incarnates.
The Face or Skin being walhed therewith, it is
good to cleanfe it from its roughnefs, ill color, and
other deformities thereof, and to make it fofr,
fmooth and clear.

XVII. X be Efjence. It has all the Virtues ol
the Liquid Juice , befides which it is of great
force againft tile Plague or Peftilence, and all torts
of Malign and Peftilential Fevers, being a few
times ufed, and Sweating well upon it. It is alio
prevalent againft the bitings of Mad-Dogs, Ser-
pents, or other Venomous Creatures, the flinging
of Scorpions, Hornets, and other like Infefls. It
gives eafe in the Strangury, and removes the Pain,
heat, and ftoppage of Urine, and is profitable

SRlUilt

Chap, 563. Englijb Herbs. 8 65

againft inward Wounds and Ulcers, as Ulcers of
the Lungs, Reins, and Neck of the Bladder.
And applyed outwardly to all Green Wounds, which
are fimple without FraClure or laceration, it.quick-
ly confolidates and heals them : it alfo cleanfes and
heals old, filthy, fretting, and running Ulcers, and
iuch as are made by Poifonous Bealts $ it cleanfes
them from their Corruption, reftrains their malig-
nant corroding, invalidates their venomous quali-
ties, and drys up their Flux of Humors, and fo
quickly brings them to healing. Fomented on the
Piles it eafes the Pain, and difcuffes them, and
dropt into the Ear on the contrary fide, it eafes
the Tooth-ach. Dofe 2, 3, or 4 Ounces Morning
and Night.

XV 111. The DccoUion in Wine. Given from 4
to. 8 Ounces, it is a good remedy againft the Plague
and other peftilential Fevers, and Contagious
Difeafes, fo as after the taking thereof, as hoc as
the Patient can well drink it, they ly in their Beds,
and Sweat for two Hours after, whereby the Poifon
of the Difeafe will be expelled , this being thus
ufed for 2 or 3 times. It has all the other Virtues
of the Liquid Juice and Ejjence afore fpecified,
but ought to be given in a larger Dofe, as is before
Directed.

XIX. The Errhine. Take of the Juice 4 Ounces ,
Scammony in fubtil Poudet 2 Drams , mix them.
Squffc up the Noftrils it Purges the Head and Brain
of cold, moift and pituitous Humors* gives eafe in
the Flead-ach, Megrim , and a Cephalsa , or inve-
terate periodical Head-ach , and in a little time
cures the Vertigo, Lethargy, Carus, Apoplexy,
Epilepfy, Night-Mare, and other like Diftempers
or thofe parts * as alfo defluxions of Rheum into
the Eyes, Ears, Nofe, Jaws, Teeth* 0V.

XX. The Ointment or Balfam. It cures fimple
Green Wounds, at a few times drefling* and ap-
plyed to a peftilential Bubo, it ripeils and breaks
it. Applyed to the Gout it eafes the pain •, and
digefts, cleanfes , incarnates, and heals old filthy
and funning Ulcers • and Kings-evil Sores, mote
efpecially ir to every 4 Ounces of the Ointment or
Balfam , half an Ounce of Louder of Tobacco , and 1
Ounce of Levigated Mercurius du/cis be added,
the Ulcer being cleanfed at every drelfing with
the Liquid Juice , Ejjence , or Decoflion , afore-
going.

XXL The Cataplafm. It is attractive, and be-
ing applyed to any part where there is any Prick,
Splinter, Thorn, or the like, it draws it forth:
and applyed to a fimple Contufion, it difcufles the
Tumor and cures it.

XXII. The Dijl tiled Water. It is a Cofmetick,
and has all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice , being
applyed according to Art to the Face and Skin :
but I am of opinion that it is not full out fo
effectual as the Juice or Ejjence: yet it will be
more powerful if a quarter part of the Juice of
Limons be added to it* and then it will make an
excellent Gargarifm for a Sore Mouth and Throat,
and a good cleanfer of the Teeth.

XXIII. The Spirituous TinUure. It has all the
Virtues of the Ejjence and DecoUion , and may be
given Morning and Night from 2 Drams to 4, in
a Glafs of Wine, or other fit Vehicle, againft Poi-
fon, Plague, and Peftilence, bitings of Mad
Dogs, Cfc. as in Sell. XVII. is before hinted. It
prevails againft Convulfions, Fainting and Swoon-
ing FitSj Vapors, ■•and other Diftempers of the Heart,
Liver, Spleen, and Womb.

XXIV. The Acid TinUure. It is a potent thing
againft the Plague, and all malign and peftilential
Fevers, deftroying the Malignity, and extinguifh-
ing almoft in a moment the preternatural Heat.

It quenches thirft, reftores a loft Appetite, caufes
good Digeftion, opens all manner of obftruCtions
of the Vifcera , but chiefly of the Lungs, Spleen,
and Reins, and is good againft the bitings of Mad
Dogs, and other Venomous Creatures. Dofe fo
many Drops as will make the Vehicle pleafant-
ly (harp, and to be often repeated in the Day
time.

XXV. The Oily TinUure. It opens all Ob-
ftruCtions of the Reins and Bladder, powerfully
provokes Urine, gives eafe in the Strangury, and
expels Sand, Gravel, Stones, and Tartarous Mat-
ter from the Reins and Bladder. It gives eafe in
the Colick, expels Wind powerfully, gives relief
in Convulfions, provokes the Terms, and is profi-
table againft the Palfy, being taken inwardly from
20 Drops to 60, in any fit Vehicle, according as
Age, Strength and other Accidents will admit : It
may be given twice a Day inwardly, and applyed
outwardly to the parts affeCted. ’ It alfo cures
Wounds and PunCtures of the Nerves and Tendons,
being applyed by a Skilful Hand.

XXVI. The Ophthalmic k. Take of the Clarified
Juice of Pimpernel , Clarified Honey , of each equal
parts , mix them in the Heat of a Bath. Being put
into the Eyes Morning and Night, or 3 or 4 times
a Day, as the necefiity may require, it is good to
clear them from Clouds, Mifts, and Films, which
obfufcate or hinder the Sight, is profitable againft
an Ophthalmic, helps weeping Eyes, and cures
Ulcers therein, being duly applyed.

CHAP. DLXIII.

Of PIMPERNEL Water
and Sea^

I- r Vs HE Names. It is called in Greek , ’■<W-
1 : in Latine , Anagallis Aquati-

cs : and in Englifh , Water Pimpernel : The Sea
Kind is called in Greek , *&vctya.\\is 0«tAcw-<r/©- .- in
Latine , Anagallis Maritima , vel Marina : and in
Englifh , Sea Pimpernel

II. The Kinds. There ate many forts of Water
Pimpernel, as, 1. Anagallis Aquatic a folio fubro-
tundo non crenato , Anagallis aquatic a Lobelij tertia
(this Guilandinus thought it fometimes to be
Alifma Diofcoridis , and at another time to be
Cochlear ia, burin both was miltaken:) Anagallis
Aquatic a folio rotunda non crenato Bauhini , Water
Pimpernel, LobePs third Water Pimpernel. 2.
Anagallis Aquatics dngujl folia , Anagallis Aquatics
Lobelij quart a * (Samolus Plin fi Lib. 25. Chap. 11.
as fome think:) Long ChickWeed Leav’d Water
Pimpernel, or LobePs fourth Water Pimpernel. 3.
Anagallis Aquatics anguft folia Scute Hat a Bauhini ,
Narrow Leav’d Water Pimpernel. 4. Anagallis
Aquatic a foliis Pulegij Bauhini , Si urn alt e rum
Tragi , Anagallis Aquatica Tragi , Small round
Leav’d Water Pimpernel. To thefe might be ad-
ded the feveral forts of Brooklimes , which the La-
tines call Anagalides Aquatic but thefe becaufe
they are better known by the Name of Brook-
lime , we have treated of before, apart, in' a
Chapter by themfelves, viz. Chap. 88. aforego-
ing of this Book. 5. Anthyllk lent folia , Alfine
Cruciata Marina , A/fines genus Pelagicum Cliff
Sea Pimpernel.

y S Thtf

8 66 Salmon s Herbal* Lib. L

The Defcriptions *

HI. T he fir f, or Water Pimpernel, which is Lo-
be/s third Water Pimpernel. Ihe Root of this Riant
funs or fpreads not it J elf abroad , but is a fmall Bufh
of white Fibres , from whence J firing many fmootb ,
pale green Leaves , fmall at the bottoms and broad

Pimpernel Water ef Lobel.

and round at the ends. The Stalk is round, about
a Foot more or lefs high , with Jeveral J mailer
Leaves thereon , fet one by one up to the top , where
h fpreads it felf forth into many branched Spikes
of zohite Flowers.

IV. The fec'ond, or Long Chickweed Leav’d Wa-
ter Pimpernel, which is Label's fourth Water Pim-
pernel. This is a Fibrous Root con fifing of a bunch
of white Strings much like the former. It is a
Jmall Riant , and rifes up not above half a Foot
high, with Jeveral Branches fpreading from a weak
fquare Stalk , having two fmall Leaves at a Joint ,
fomething like unto the Greater Chickweed, but
fo me what longer. The Flowers are white , confin-
ing of four Leaves apiece , funding on long foot
Stalks , after which follow round Heads with fmall
Seed in them.

V. The third , or Narrow Leav’d Water Pimper-
nel. Rs Root is reddijh , Fibrous and Creeping.
The Stalks are fmootb, freaked. Jointed , and about a
Foot and half high , having two very narrow and long
Leaves at every Joint, pointed at the ends, with-
out any foot Stalk to them. At every Joint alrnofl,
with the Leaves, come forth fmall upright Branches,
winding themfelves one within another, as if they
had Clafpers , from whence fpring f mailer foot
Stalks , on both fides, which fufi am fmall whitifh

purple Flowers , like unto thofe of Chickweed,
con fifing of three Leaves apiece. After which
come fmall fiat double Rods mud) like to a Shield
( whence the La tine Name Scut ell at a) being two Jet
together with a Thread between them ■, on both fides
whereof the Seed lyes.

VI. The fourth, or fmall round Leav’d Water
Pimpernel. Its Root is white , fibrous and creeping
in the Ground , much like to Brooklime. The
Leaves are Jmall and round, like almofi unto
Pennyroyal, two always at a Joint upon the Stalks ,
which are four fquare, and bear blew Flowers, like
to thofe of the Land Pimpernel.

VII. The fifth, or Sea Pimpernel. Its Root is
Jomewbat long, fender, jointed, and deep tbruf
into the Ground , like to Soldanella. it has many
fmall branches full of Joints, not above an Hand-
full high , creeping Jeveral ways, befet with fmall
thick Leaves, of a pale color refe mb ling Lenticula*

Pimpernel Sea .

or rather Alfine minor, the Leder Chickweed.
T he Flowers graze at ihe top of the Stalk , Star
fajhion , of an herby color like Box, or Sedum
minus. It inclofes its Seed, which is fmall , in a
three cornered Husk. All the whole Plant is
Saltijh , bitter in Tafie , and fomeiohat heating.
The Epithite Cruciata is here added to the A ameb
becaufe the Leaves which grata thick together by
couples , crofs each other , as it happens in mojt
Plants which have fquare Stalks, with two Leaves
at each Joint. And it is Englifhed, Sea Pimper-
nel rather than Sea Chickweed, becaufe the Leaves
in Shape , are lifter thofe of Pimpernel, than of
any other Plant. And alfo for that the Author
Lobel , has Called another Herb by the Name of
Sea Chickweed.

VIII. The Places. The four firit grow by River
fides, lmall running Brooks, and watery Ditches.
The’firft has been found growing in the Marflies
of Hartford in Kent , alfo between Sandwich and
Sandown-Caft/e , and in the Ditches on this fide
Sandwich. The fecond grows in many Handing
Waters, and watery Ditches, in feveral parts ot
the Kingdom. The third and fourth grow in like
places tho’ they are not fo common ; but are
Natives of Germany. The fifth grows in the
South ljland belonging to England, efpecially in
Portland, and in the Gravel and Sandy Fords, which
lye low and again!! the Sea: It has alfo been
found in the Ifle ef Shippy near the Water fide, and
in Weftgatc-Bay by Margate in the lfle of Tenet.

IX. The Times. They all Flower in June and
July and fometimes in Augujl , and give their
ripe Seed the Month after the time of their
Flowering as the Brooklimes do.

Chap. 5<5cp 'Englijh Herbs. 86 j

X. The S>j4iilities , Specification , Preparations ,

and Virtues of the hrlt four, are the fame with
thofe of Brooklime , in Quip. 88. «S>/7. 9. 21.

to which I refer you. Thefe arelomething weaker
than Water Crejfes , but are much ufcd in Diet
Drinks wich other things, to purge and cleanfe
the Blood, and Lymph# , as alfo the tv hole Body
from thole Peccanc and Scorbutick Humors which
overturn the Health thereof; they are Specificks
again!! the Scurvy, Scrophula, Droply, Gout,
and Jaundice ; and are faid to be Lithontripticks
or Stone Breakers, and caufe Sand, Gravel, and
Tartarous Mucilage to be expell’d by Urine, eafing
and helping the Strangury : they alfo provoke
Womens Courfes, and expel the Dead Child. A
Cataplafm made of them , being Fried with Butter
and Vinegar , and applyed warm, helps all manner
of Tumors or Swellings, and Anthony's Fire alfo,
if it be often renewed.

XI. The Virtues of the Sea Pimpernel. It is
temperate in refpefl of heat or cold , drynels or
tnoilfure. The Ponder of the D/yed Leaves , be-
ing given from two Drams to half an Ounce, either
in its own Difiilled 1 Voter, or in Par fly or Hydro-
piper Water , or in Onion Water , it prevails greatly
againft the heat and Scalding of the Urine, the
Strangury, or difficulty of making Water, and
purges the Reins. The fame Pouder taken with
Oxymel or Honied Water , is good againft the Epi-
lepfy or Falling-licknefs , being given tirlt in the
Morning falling, and laft at Night going to Bed,
and fo continued for fome conliderable time.

PIMENTARY, fee Bawm, Chap. 53.

TINE, fee Pine Tree, Lib. II. Chap.
PlNKNEEDLE,y?tf Cranes-Bill Musked, Chap. 1 60.

CHAP. DLXIV.

Of PINKS Great and Small.

I- ' I ' H E Names. I know no Greek Names
X belonging to thefe Plants s the Latines call
them Caryophylli Sy/vejires , or CariophyUi Notbi :
and in E nglijh, Pinks, or Baftard Gilliflmers.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral forts of Pinks,
as, 1. Caryophyllus Hortenfts flare ftmplici, vel
minor f lore ftmplici. The Garden fingle Pink. II.
Caryophyllus Hortenfts minor flore multiplex. The
Garden double Pink. III. Caryophyllus Sylvefiris
minor. The Wild Pink. Now each of thefe three
principal Kinds, hate feveral other Species under
them, hereafter in this Chapter to be declared.

T be Defcriptioiis.

I. Caryophylli Hortenfts minores flore ftmplici ,
Single Garden Pinks.

III. Caryophyllus Hortenfts minor ftmplex , The
Common fingle various colored Pink. This in its
manner and form of grouting in ail its parts , is like
to the Gilliflower in Chap. 318. aforegoing, faving
only that its Leaves are [mailer and Jhorter , in fome
more or lefs than in others, and fo are the f looters

Finks Garden red fingle.

alfo, which confjls ufually of five femes apiece
(Jeldom fix) round pointed, and a little fnipt for
the mojl part about the edges-, with fome Threads
in the middle, either crooked or Jh-aight.

Finks Garden [mall pngle. •

s s 2

IV. Cary

868 Salmon s Herbal Lib. L

IV. Caryophyllus minor albus , The fingle white
Pink. It is the Common white Pink, zvith a fingle
white Flower of five Leaves , finely jogged about
edges.

V. Caryophyllus Plumarius albus orbc riibro five
Stellatus , The fingle white Srar Pink. It bears
Flowers almofi as deeply jagged in, as the following
Plumarius, of a fair white color, having a Ring or
Circle of red , about the bottom or lower part of the
Leaves, and are as fweet as the Plumarius. This
being Jbwn of Seed , dees not give the Star of fo
bright a red color but becomes more dun ;

VI. Caryophyllus Plumarius , Fethered or jagged
fingle Pinks. Thefe have /mall woody Roots , and
fuch like Stalks and Leaves as the firft de/cribed ,
at Sett. III. above , but fomewbat fhort er and /mailer,
or Grafs like 5 and cf a whitifh or grayifh green
color. The Flowers fiand in like manner at the
tops of the Stalks , in long 4 round , f lender , green
husks , confiding of five Leaves, very much cut in
on the edges, and jagged almofi like a Feather, of a
light red or bright purple color, with tzoo white
Threads {landing in the middle, crooked like a horn
at the end, and are of a very fweet Smell. But
there are feme of this fort, which have not the/e
two crooked Threads or horns in the middle, but
have in their /lead many /mail Threads, not crooked
at all. The Seeds of them are all like to the Seeds
of Gilliflowers, or the other Pinks, viz. /mail, black,
long, and fiat.

VII. Caryophyllus Hortenfis minor rubrus , The
fingle red Garden Pink. This is like the White
aforegoing, but that the Leaves are not fo much
jagged, and the Flower is of a pale purplifh color .

VIII. Caryophyllus minor purpurcus , The fingle
purple Pink This is of a fair purple color, beauti-
ful in its Kind, and almofi like to the purple Gilli-
flower.

IX. Caryophyllus minor Car neus. The Blulh color-
ed Pink. This has broader and larger Leaves in
the Flower, than any other Pink, and of a fair blufh
or flefh color.

X. Caryophyllus Plumarius albus. The white
Feathered Pink. This has the edges of the Flower
more finely and deeply cut in than the former, with-
out the Ring or Circle of red at bottom.

XI. Caryophyllus minor purpurcus Di/utus.- The
light red, or purple colored Pink. This is like
the former Feathered Pink, and differs only from
it in its color.

XII. Caryophyllus minor Stellatus, The Star Pink.
This is a beautiful Flower , finely jagged on the
edges, but not fo deep as the former Star Pink-,
and has a fair red Circle at the lower end of the
Leaves on the infide.

XIII. Caryophyllus Plumarius albus Aufiriacus,
five fuperba Auftriaca , The white Feathered Pink
of Au /I ri a. Its Roots are /mall and woody like
the others. Its firft or lower Leaves are fome-
what broader and greener, than any of the former
Pinks, being both for breadth and greenne/s more
like unto Sweet Johns. The Leaves on the Stalks
are /mailer, f landing by couples at every Joint , at the
tops of which fiand fuch like jagged Flowers, m
the Lift de/cribed, and as large , but more deeply
cuf in or jagged round about, of a pure white color ,
and of a moft fragrant fweet Smell, comforting the
Spirits and Sen/e s afar off.

XIV. Caryophyllus Plumarius purpureus Aufiria-
cus, The purple Feathered Pink of Aufiria. This
in its form and manner of growing is altogether
like the former, and differs nothing from it but in
the color of the Flowers , which in this are of a pur •
flifh color, and having the fame fweet Smell. Some
have mifiaken a Kind of Wild Campion , growing

in our Woods, as by the Path fides in Hornfie Park,
and other Places , to be this white or purple Au-
Ilrian Feathered Pink : But by comparing the Flowers,
the mifiake will be fujficiently manifefi.

XV. Caryophyllus minor re pens jimplex , The
fingle creeping or matted Pink. This is the fma-
lefi Pink both for Leaf and Flower of all the other
Kinds which are nourifhed in our Gardens, having
many fhort and fmall Graffy green Leaves upon the
Stalks, which as they grow and lye upon the Ground
( not fianding fo upright as the former) do take Root
again , whereby it quickly fpreads, and covers a
great deal of Ground in a little time. The Flower :
are fmall and round, a little J. 'nipt about the edges.,
whereof fome are white, fome red, feme white Jpot-
ted with red, and fome of them red /potted with
zohite, all of them fingle Flowers.

XVI. Caryophyllus minor maculofus , The fpeck-
led Pink. It is a fmall Flower , having fmall
/pots cf red here and there, difperfed over the white
blower.

XVII. Kota. Now here is to be Obferved,
That thofe fingle Flowers which are like unto
Pinks, but do rife from the fowing of the Orange
Tawny, or any other colored Gilliflower or Carna-
tion, are not to be accounted of as in this Claffis
of Pinks, but of the Kinds of CaryophylH majores,
or Gilliflowers.

XVIII. Caryophyllus Marinus , Sea Thrift or
Cufhion. This our Common Thrift, is zoell known
unto mofi which have Gardens, becaufe of its gene-
ral ufe to Empale or Border Knots and Beds in Gar-
dens, for that it abides green Winter and Summer,
and that by cutting it will grow thick, and be kept
in what form you pleafe. It has many fhort and hard
green Leaves , f mailer than many of the Gralfes ,
growing thick together, and fpreading upon the
Ground. The Stalks are naked cf Leaves, a Span
high , bearing a f mall Tuft of light purple, or
blufh colored Flowers , Banding round, and clofe
thrufi together.

XIX. Caryophyllus Marinus major, five , Ale Li-
ter r a neus, Great Thrift, or Great Sea Gilliflower.
This is a larger or greater Kind than the former,
and of as great beauty and excellency almofi, as any
of the former Pinks, whether fingle or double -, as
well for that the Leaves are like unto Gilliflowers*
being longer and larger than any Pinks, and of a
whitifh green color , like unto them , not grozving
long or by couples upon the Stalks , as Pinks and
Gilliflowers do, but Tufting clofe upon the Ground,
like unto the former Common Thrift. As alfo that
the Stalks, rifing from among the Leaves, (being
fometimes two feet high ) are yet fo fender and
weak, that they are fcarccly able to bear the Heads of
Flovoers , naked or bare, both of Leaves and Joints ,
faving only in one place , zvhere at the Joint each
Stalk has two fmall and very fhort Leaves, not
rifing upwards, as in all other Gilliflowers and Pinks,
but growing downwards-, and do bear each of them
a Tuft or Umbel of fmall purplifh, or blufh colored
Flowers at their tops, fianding fomething like to
Sweet Williams, but more roundly together each
Flower confifiing of five fmall, round, fiff, or
hardifh Leaves, as if they were made of Paper, the
bottom or middle being hollow : They blow not all
at once as the Common Thrift aforegoing , but
for the mo ft part one after another, not Jhewing
ufually above four or five Flowers open at one
time : fo that it is long before the whole Tuft of
Flowers is blown or pafi : but yet the hotter and the
dryer the time is, the fooner their time of Flower-
ing is over. Its Root is fome what great, long and
hard, and not fo much fpreading in the Earth, as
the Roots of Gilliflowers or Pinks do.

II. Cano •

II. Caryophylli Hortenfes minores flore multiplici.
Double Garden Pinks.

XX. Caryopbyllus Hortenfis minor flore multi-
pl*ci variegate >, The Common double various colored
Pink. The form of tl}e whole Plant and manner of

Vinks double.

its growing is exattly like that at Sett. 3. aforego-
ing, faving that this double Kind is leffer , and lefs
double than the double GillLflowers , having its
Leaves a little fnipt or indented about the edges ,
with fame Threads in the middle , of divers and
various colors, and of a fragant fweet Smell.

XXL Caryopbyllus Plumarius albus multiplex ,
The double white Pink. This is only with more
Leaves in it, than is in the fingle white Pink, which
makes the only difference.

XXII. Caryopbyllus Plumarius multiplex , The
double Feathered or jagged Pink. This in its
Roots, Leaves, Stalks , flowers, color of the flower,
and Seed, is exaftly like that at Sett. VI. aforego-
ing, without any difference therefrom, faving that
the flowers of this are double.

XXIII. Caryopbyllus Hortenfis minor rubens
multiplex. The double red Pink. This is in the
fame manner double as the former, differing in that
only, viz. in its duplicity , from the fingle of the
fame color.

XXIV. Caryopbyllus Hortenfis minor purpureus
multiplex. The double purple Pink. It differs not
from the fingle purple, for color and form of grow-
ing, but only in the doublenefs of the flowers.

XXV. Caryopbyllus Hortenfis minor Granadcnfis,
The Granado Pink. It differs not from the Gilli-
fiower of the fame Name, but in the fmallnefs of
the Leaves and flowers.

XXVI. Caryopbyllus Hortenfis minor carneus
multiplex , The double blufh Pink. This is almoff
as great as the Ordinary blufli Gilliflowers and

fame have taken it for a Gilliflowers but the green
Leaves are almoff as f mall as Pinks, for which
Reafon, I rather refer it to the Pink Kind.

XXVII. Caryopbyllus Hortenfis minor repens
multiplex. The double matted Pink. This is like
the fingle matted Pink, in its form and manner of
growing, at Sett. 15. aforegoing , not differing in
its Leaf but in its flower. The frfi flowers are
but once double, or of two rows of Leaves, of a
fine re ddifh color , f potted with Silver f pots but
thofe which follow are fo thick and double, that
they oftentimes do break the Pod or Husk, and are
nGt altogether of fo deep a red color, but more
pale.

XXVIII. Caryopbyllus Plumarius Auffriacus .
albus & purpureus multiplex. The double white
and purple Aultrian Feathered Pinks. Thefe differ
not from the fingle at Sett. 13. and 14. aforegoing
neither in its Leaves , Stalks * nor manner of grow-
ing, but only in the flowers , thefe being double
and the beff of the double Kinds .

XXIX. Caryopbyllus Plumarius multiplex maculd
purpurea in Jundo , The double Feathered Pink
with a purple fpot in its bottom. This differs not
alfo from that at Sett. 5. aforegoing, but only in the
duplicity of its flower.

III. Caryophylli Sylveffres minores > Wild or Field
Pinks.

XXX. Caryopbyllus arvenfis prolifer , Childing
Pinks. Its Root is f mall, white and hard, periling
every Tear after Seed time , and raifing it/elf ''again
by its own /owing, or elfe, it muff be f own in the
Spring. It has a few pale green, Jhort, blunt ,
graffy Leaves, lying on the Ground for the fuff
lear, and are the next Tear carried up with the
Stalks, divided into fome Branches, and fet by
couples at the feints, having a fort, thick , gray-
ifh green Husk at their tops, out of which Jhoot

forth by degrees, one after another, feven or eight
JmaU faint flowers, fmaller than the Jmalleff
Garden Pink by much, which fcarcely Jhew them-
f elves above the brim of the Husk: more flowers
then one, feldom appear at a time out of the Husk
very rarely two-, by reafon of which, they are Ion -
in Flowering. After they have done blowing, there
is found in the outward Husk,fo many fever al fmall
long Husks, as there were Flowers, each containing
tpithtn them fmall blackifh Seed. Of ibis Kind
there is One which has but one flower rifeng out
of the Husk, and of a paler re ddifh color than the
former.

XXXI. Caryopbyllus praten/is nofler major
Our greater Wild Field Pink. This grows near
Deptlord and Redrif, and in many places of England
Wild, being a fmall Kind of Pink , as it may be
called. It fpreads much oftentimes, and roots again
by the Branches as it grows, with fmall Jhort green
Leaves next the Ground, and by couples on the
Stalks, with fmall reddijh Pink like Flowers or. the
Tops.

fratenfls mper minor.
Our letter Wild Field Pink. This is lefer than the
former, and grows among the thick Grafs in our
Meadows near London, as towards Totnam Court
and other places adjacent to the fame. Its Root is
fo fmall and Thready , that it will not bear Tranf-
planung. Its Stalks are very fender , on which
ere fet fmaller, Jhort er, and greener Leaves, than
on the former. The Flowers alfo are [mailer, and
of a clear Jhimng red color-, fometimes but One of
a Stalk, and fometimes more, efpecially if it grows
under Hedges and bufhes which may defend it by
their Jhadow.

XXXIII,

8

o

Salmon s Herbal

Lib. L

Vinks Wild, or Field.

low broad Leav’d Pink. It rijes ilp with a J}:ort
low Stalk , zohich prefcntly divides it felf into
two Branches , about half a Foot high. Its lower
Leaves next the Ground , arc fomc thing bread and
fhort , but a little logger on the Branches 4 being
fiof ■, and a pale green color , fet by couples at the
Joints each oj the Branches bear but one fmdll f
Pale , purplijh , white Flower , riftng out of a [mall
fhort Husk.

XXXVIII. Caryophyllus Mont anus a lb us , The
white Mountain Pink. Its Root is great thick and
woody, which fends up very many fmall and narrow
Leaves , finer and lejfier than Grafs, not uni ike to
the jin file ft Rufh : among zvhich rife up tender
Stalks , Jointed or Kneed by certain difiances •, fet
with the like Leaves by couples even to the top ,
one oppofite againfi another at the tops of which
grow fweet fuelling Flowers compofed of five
fmall white Leaves. The Seed u fmall and
b/ackifh.

XXXIX. Caryophyllus pumillus Alpinus , The
Dwarf Mountain Pink. Its Root is long , blacky
and much fpreading , by which means this lit t Id

Vinks Mountain Dwarf.

XXXIII. Caryophyllus arvenfis XJmbellatus , Wild
Pink in Tufts. It much refcmblcs a Wild Campi-
on, having fhort broad Leaves , fo me thing like to
Lobel his Catch- Fly , but of an hoary green color-.
The Stalks have the like Leaves fet by couples on
them, and at the top feveral fmall Flowers, fifing
altogether from one Joint, and each fianding on a
fhort foot Stalk, compoflng thereby a kind of
Vmble , Jome of a reddifh , others of a whitifh
color.

XXXIV. Caryophyllus arvenfis holofiius Hirfu-
tus. Wild hairy Set Pink. This grows very like
to a Garden Pink, but of a gray i/h or hoary green
color and fomewhat hairy witball. The Flowers
grow not like Pinks in long Husks, but more like
to a Imall Wild Campion, of a reddifh color tend-
ing to a murry , and gives f mailer Seed, unlike
to that of Pinks.

XXXV. Caryophyllus holofiius tomentofus. Hoary
Sea Pinks. Its Root is fmall and creeping , and
fends forth feveral /lender round Jointed Stalks
lying on the Ground, and dividing themfelves into
many Branches, a Foot or two, or more long, on
which are fet Leaves by couples , fome of them
broad and long, others more round, yet all of them
hoary white, like unto the Leaves of Gnaphalium
Americanum, called white Live Long, or Life E-
verlalling. The Flowers are white , confining of
five Leaves , and round pointed. This abides long,
and fpreads much upon the Ground.

XXXVI. Caryophyllus angufiifolius tomentofus ,
Hoary narrow Leav’d Pin1'. This fmall low Pink
J'carcely rifes with the Stalks an Hand breadth high,
which are woolly, and Branching into two or three
parts. It hoe very narrow long and woolly green
Leaves thereon, one being longer than another.
Bach oj the Stalks has a lobite Flower confifiwg of
five Leaves, fianding in a Green Husk.

XXXVII. Caryophyllus pumillus latifolius , The

Riant covers the Ground for a good fpace together 1
like as a Mofs, making when the Flowers are blown
a beautiful /hew, which is commonly in Junc^ the
beauty of its verdure and blufh, being thick inter-
mixt, makes it look like a wrought Carpet, by which
it very much pleafes the Sight. The Stalk is about
an Inch, or fomeihing more high , fet with little
fl:arp pointed green Graflie Leaves. The Flowers
zvhich grow upon thefe Stalks, are compofed of five
little fiefh colored Leaves » a little divided in their
upper parts. The Seed is contained in black /Lining
Heads, which is fmall , reddifh, and Kidney fafhi-
oned.

XL. The R laces. The firft fxteen /7^/^ Garden
Pinks, and the next ten double Garden Pinks, are
incur Country, only Inhabitants of Gardens
tho’ in fome Forreign Southern Countries and
warmer Climes, they do often grow Wild in the
Fields. The laft ten grow Wild abroad in Paltures
and Borders of Fields, in many Regions, as in
England , France, Germany, Italy , Spain ,

The Common Sea Thrift grows in the Salt Marfhes

3t

Chip. 565. ‘Englijb Herbs .

Cbattam by Rochefler , and in many other places in
England. But the great Kind was gathered in
Spain by Boel , and the Seed thereof fent to us,
from whence we have had divers Plants. How-
ever,. the Common fmall Thrift has been brought
into our Gardens tor its exceeding ufefulnefs, be-
ing of great Service for the Bordering of Knots,
Beds, Banks, 0V. as we have before hinted.

XLI. The Times. The Garden (ingle and double
Pinks, as alfo, the Wild or field Kinds , and the
Gramen Pofyanthemum or Sea Thrifts , do all
Flower before any of the Gillflowers , even from
May through the whole Summer , till the end of
AuguJ}, and fometimes to the middle of Septem-
ber, or later, if the Weather is warm, or milde
and gentle.

XLI1. The Vitalities, Specification, Preparations
and Vertues of the Garden Pinks , are much the
fame with thofe of the Gil/iflmer and Clavegilli-
flower, but not thought to be fo effectual as they.
Gerard lays. They are not uled in Phylick, but in
making Garlands and Nofegaies. And that they
are good to be pur into Vinegar (1 fuppofe thole
which are the deepelf colored) to give it a delight-
ful color, and a pleafant talfe, as Ruellirts Writes.
Fucbfius fays, That their Roots are commended
againlt the InfefHon of the Plague ; and that the
Juice thereof is profitable to wafte or diffolve the
Stone and to expel it ; as alfo to cure fuch as have
the Falling-ficknefs.

XLIII. As to the 'Vitalities and Virtues of the
Wild or field Kinds, Authors have faid nothing, fo
that we have no farther Obfervations concern-
ing them.

XLIV. Rea in his Flora Tib. 1. Chap. 38. fays,
That Pinks are of many forts and little efteem,
and ferve only to fet on the fides of Borders in
Spacious Gardens, and the better fort of them to
make Pofies of, mixed with Buds of Damask
Rofes. Molt of them are fingle , but there are
fome which bear double Flowers (as are before
defcribed) and of thofe, they which are called the
Feathered Pinks are the belt both for form, color,
and fragrancy of Smell, having broad Leaves,
deeply cut in and jagged on the edges, of which
Kind there is white, light red, bright purple,
light and deep fpeckled, and fome with a deeper
or paler purple fpot in the middle : and of thefe
the belt are the Feathered Pinks of Aufiria,
and that with the large deep purple Spot in the
bottom.

XLV. Pinks Flower with Rofes in June, and
every ordinary Gardner knows how to Plant and
diipofe them, as alfo that vulgar Plant called Thrift
the greater Kind o'f which bears many Flowers
on a Head, like the fmaller or common Sort
but by reafon of its Flowering by degrees, it is
of no very great beauty, befides it is a ’tender
Plant, affefts the Vicinity of the Sea, and abides
not long in our Gardens.

87

PIPE-TREE, fee it in Tib. 2. Chap.
P1SS-A-BED, fee Dandelion, Chap. 200
PITCH-TREE, fee it in Tib. 2. Chap.
PLAISTER-CLAVER /ccMelilot, Chap 481
PLANE-TREE, fee it in Ttb. 2. dap.

CHAP. DLXV.

Of PLANTAIN Common.

0 R,

WAY-BREED.

I. 'T1 H E Names. It is called in Arabick, Tt
X fen , and Tofan alhamel : in Greek , ’Agnl.
ywrn, xJ'Af (It forma , viz. Agnina
Lingua : It is alfo called p multinervia)

and pEct-7^a£i (feptinervia) from the feven
Nerves or Ribs, which are in every Leaf : in La-
tine it is called, VI ant ago (a Plant a Vocabulo: )
in Englijh, Plantain, and Plant ane , alfo Way-
breed.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral Generick
Species of this Plant, as, i. Plant ago communis
latifolia , The broad Leav’d Plantain; of which
in this Chapter. 2. VI ant ago an guff oli a , vel
quinquenervia , Long Leav’d Plantain, or Rib-
wort ^ of which In Chap. 7 66 . 3. Vlantago Cervi-

n,G Cornu Cervinum , Bucks-horn Plantain; of
which in Chap. 567. 4. Vlantago Aquatica,

Water Plantain; of which in Chap. 768. 7.
Vlantago Marina , Holofleum , Sea Plantain; of
which in Chap. 569, following ; of all which in their
order.

°f the broad Leav'd Plantain .

1. Vlantago latijolia vulgaris , Vlantago major .
Vlantago rubra Brunfelftj V Tragi fbecaufe the
Seed thereof is redder than the Seed of any of the
other Kinds) Our common broad Leav’d Plantain.

2. Vlantago latifolia maxima , Vlantago maxima tota
glabra Bauhini_ , The largeft or greateft broad
t,aV 1 Plantain. 3. Vlantago major incana Lo-
behj u Clufj , Cf Vlantago Salmaticcnfis ; Vlan-
tago media Dodonai , Vuchfij & Gefneri ; but
Taber nxmont anus and Turner call it Vlantago
minor, Gieat hoary Plantain. 4. Vlantago lati -
folia 7 of ea multiformis , Vlantago latifolia exotica
Llufii, Vlantago latifolia incana f pic is variis Bau-
tl' f hint ago fpiralis , Vlantago Vanicula fparfa
Lobelij, Role Plantain , Plantain broad Leav’d
varioufly formed. $. Vlantago finuofa exotica.
Vaikinfoni , Vlantago XJmbilicat a latifolia Lobelij ,
Ef convoluta unijolia , Crumpled Plantian, or Exo-
tick Plantain.

The Defcriptions.

IV. The firft , or Our Common broad Leav’d
Plantain. Its Root is made of many white Strings
growing fomewhat deep , and taking fo fa ft hold
in the Ground , that it is not eafie to pull it
up. It fpnngs up with many fair , broad and
almojt round pointed Leaves , with feven Nerves
or Ribs in every one of them for the moll
part running all the length of the Leaf .
°J a Jad £reen c?l°r on the upper fide , and of
a yellowifh green underneath. Among

tbeje Leaves rife up feveral fmall fender
Stalks, about a Root more or lefs high , not
eafie to break, naked or bare of Leaves unto
t heir tops , where each Stalk bears a fmall long
round blackijh green Spike or fcaly Head, whofe
Blomings or Flowers are final l whitijh Heads ,

with

Salmon'/ ‘Herbal.

Lib. I.

Plantain Common.

tilth Aglets hanging at their ends , dlntoft like
to the bloomings of Corn , or Wheat % after
which come fmall brown Seed , encloj'ed in the
fnall husks , Scales , or Skins.

V. The fecond , or Largelt or greateft Leav’d

Plantain. Its Root is Fibrous and Blackijh j and
the whole Riant feems i.n all. things to be

like the former , fivmg , that it exceeds it

in largenefs , or great nefs , and height, lor
the Leaves which ly on the Ground , are fix
Inches and fome times more in length , and
four Inches broad -, and the foot Stalks oj
every Leaf , */** near a Hand breadth long.

The naked Stalks which bear the fpikcd Heads ,
are like the former , and are fome times two or
three Tcct high ; and the Head or Spike ,
fometimes a Toot long. This fort ha* been
fometimes found to have Leaves a Foot long ,
and half a Foot broad , are fomewhat

torn on the edges , which reafon it is

called Plantago latifolia maxima foliis lacina-
tis, and this fort h.u fome fmall Leaves under
the f piked Heads.

VI. The third , or Great Hoary Plantain.

Its Root is like the fir ft , blackijh and flringy ,
Jo alfo its Leaves and Spikes •, but the Leaves
are very hoary , or whitijh , efpe daily in

the hotter Countries , of Italy, Sicily, Can-

dia , Spain, Portugal, Florida, Carolina, &c.
much more than in theje our colder Climates ,
and fomewhat fmaller. Clufius fays > That in
Spain, it feldom bears its f piked Heads ,
but when it does , they are fmaller than

thife of Our firlt common Kind ; But in
Carolina, Lfc. it bears its fptked Heads as
frequently a* in England , and much about the
fame magnitude ,

Plantain Hoary.

VII. The fourth , or Role Plantain, Plan-
tain broad Leav’d varioufly formed. Its Root
is like unto the former : and tho there are
many forts of this Plant , yet all of them
have large , and fometimes hoary green Leaves
Jpread on the Ground , either whole , like the
former greater Plantain , or a little jagged to-
wards the lower parts of the Leaves. From a-
mong which rife up, Jhort naked Stalks , bear-
ing every one at the top , either a broad round
Lead , made of ?nany finally Jhort , green Leaves
in JaJhion of a Rofe : or a f piked , thick , long
Head , made of many Jhort er green Leaves , bujh-
ing thick below , and fmaller upwards , fome-
times a Plant will have both thefe forms at
once together • and fome again out of the mid-
dle of the Rofe , will have another Jhort Spike
oj green Leaves rifing up. Others at the bottom
of the Rofe or Spike , will have one or two other
fmall Tufts , either round or long. One fort there
is likew jj'e , whofe long f piked Heads are parted
into many and fun dry feveral fparfed Spikes ,
and therefore called Spiralis. There are alfo
many other varietes of this Species , at Nature
is pleafed to play with them in their pro -
dutfion.

VIII. The fifth , or Crumpled Plantain, or
Exotick Plantain. Its Root is compofed of a thick,
round Head at its top , having at its bottom run-
ning downwards , many long Fibres or Strings ,
whereby it takes good Rooting in the Ground.
This upon the fir /i Tears f owing of its Seed ,
rifes up, but with one great and large Leaf,
almoft a Foot long, foulded as it were together ,
and wound about Spire fajhion into two parts at
the upper end thereof , which opening it felfi ,

j and remaining fomewhat hollow , becomes much

crump -

Chap. 565. ‘Englijb Herbs.

873

crumpled or waved on the edges ; the farther end
cf it Jhewing fomethirig like a Plantain Leaf. The
bottom of the Leaf hat oh each fide thereof , a Large
piece a 1 it were lorn from it , but yet growing to
it, which are likewife crumpled and waved , and
each of them J. hewing themfelves in the form of a
Plantain Leaf , its TaJIe eilfo being not unlike to
Plantain; Jo that the whole Leaf ferns .is if divers
great large Leaves were joined together to make
one. This Leaf perifhing the frji Tear , there
rifes up the next Spring , fever al Leaves clofe
together , not formed into one , as the former ,
but as if divers Leaves were joined together ,
each having a Plantain form , but fomething
a little rounder , and a little crumpled or wa-
ved as the fanner was. The Stalk rifes up
in the middle of thefe Leaves , about half a
Tari high, bearing thick and Jhort fpiked flat-
tijh heads , with Seed therein , much like to the
others.

IX. The Places. The firft grows almoft every
where in Fields, and in watte and untilled places,
and in Path ways generally. The fecond grows in
trance, Italy, Carolina , Stc. and/ with us in fome
Cardens. The third Clufirn fays, grows in Spain ;
I found it growing plentifully in m*ift places 'of
the South Carolina: and it has been round grow-
ing in l’everal other colder Climates, as1 alfo in
fome places in England. The fourth, tho’ it is
called a Strange or Exotick Plantain, in Clufirn his
Country, yet it is found growing Naturally in Eng-
land, and is thought to rife from the third fort,
and is now brought out of the Fields, and in
tnany places Planted in Gardens. The fifth and
laft was fent in Seed from Pelliterius of
lAompelier to Lobe!, who fowing the Seed, it
grew with him in his Garden many Years. John-
fon in Gerard fays that he found the fourth
Kind growing in fome places in the Ifle of
Tenet.

X. The Times. They fpring up from the
beginning of April to the end of September.
They are in their Beauty and fiourilhing
State, from the end of May to the end
of Augttft , their Seed ripening in the in-
termediate times , and not long after their
Flowering.

XI. The Vitalities. Plantain is cold and dry in
the end of the firft Degree, Gerard fays in the
fecond Degree. It is dry without biting, and
cold without benumming : the Root is laid to
be dry in the fame Degree, but not fo cold as
the Leaves. The Seed is of Subtil parts , and
lefs cold yet than the Roots. It is Aperitive ,
Abfterfive, Aftringent, Anodyn, and Traumatick
or Vulnerary.

XII. The Specification. It cures the [Scur-
vy in a hot habit of Body, Heals the excori-
ations of the Stomach and other Bowels; flops
Catarrhs, and all forts of Fluxes in Man or
Woman. It flops alfo all forts of Hatmorrha-
ges . whether Internal or External , the over-
flowing of the Courfes in Women, Spitting
and Pilling of Blood , and therefore is of
excellent ufe in the Curing of a Phthifis ,
or Ulceration of the Lungs. Diofcorides fays’
It cures Agues, flops Vomiting, and is good
againft the Epilepfy and yellow Jaundice. It
allays Inflamations of the Eyes, deanfes and
heals old Ulcers, whether in the Mouth ,
Throat, or other parts, gives eafe in the Piles’
Kills Worms in the Belly , and gives eafe in
the Gout , and cures all forts of (imple Green
Wounds , as alfo old Sores , whether inward or
outward.

XIII. The Preparations. You may have from
thefe Plants, 1. A Liquid Juice. 1. An EJJence.
3. A DecoQwn. 4. A Ponder of the Leaves.
;. A Ponder of the Root. 6. A Pouder cf the
Seed. 7. A Cofmetick. 8. A Lotion. 9. A Li-
niment. 10. A Cataftlafm. u. A Di filled Wa-
ter. li. A Diet Drink.

The Virtues.

XIV. The Liquid Juice. Being Depurated ot
Clarified, and drank for feveral Days together,
prevails Wonderfully againft all Torments and Ex-
coriations of the Guts or Bowels, helps diftillati-
ons of Rheum upon the Throat , Glands , Lungs,
tfc. and flops all manner of Fluxes in Manor
Woman, and the overflowing of the Terms in
Women.'* Qofe from 3 to 8 Spoonfuls or more,
either or mixt with fome Stypcick red
Wine, v ' ,

XV. J.if EjJehcg) It has all the Virtues of the
Liquid JJuiee , befides which it is good to cure
Spitring ajf Blood , and all other Bleedings by the
Mouth , ' alio Pilling Blood, and is profitable to
help a bloody or loul Water, occafioned by any
Ulcer in thl Reins or Bladder, as alfo to flop the
free bleeding of Wounds; it is likewife an efpecial
Remedy againft a Phthifis or Ulceration of the
Lungs, and a Vehement Cough arifing from the
fame. It is faid to be good againft che Falling-
ficknefs, Dropfie and Jaundice, and opens Ob-
ftruftions of the Liver, Spleen, and Reins.
It cools Inflammations of the Eyes, and takes
away the Pin and Web (fo called) in them.
Dropt into the Ears, it eafes their Pains, and re-
ftores Heating much decayed. Dofe from 3 to 6
Spoonfuls more ot lefs , either alone or with
fome fit Vehicle, Morning and Night, or
oftener.

XVI. The D ecoSion. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice and EJfenee, but ought to be given in a much
larger Dofe , as to half or three quarters of a
Pint. The Decoflion of the Roots in Wine , (accor-
ding to Diofcorides) is good to cure Quotidian,
Tertian and Quartan Agues: and this is probable
enough, for I am apt to believe it performs that
Cure, by Vertueof its Natural Stypticity. It may
be given an hour or two before the Fit.

XVII. T he Pouder of the Leaves. It has the
Virtues of the Juice and EJfenee, yet is not alto-
gether fo effeftual as they , in the Droply, Epi-
lepfy and Jaundice: put upon old putrid and run-
ning Sores, it deanfes and dtys up themoifture,
and in fome meafure incarnates. Taken in Drink
to_ a Dram or Dram and half, it is faid to kill
Worms in the Belly: and ftrewed upon old Ulcers
which have Worms in them, it kills them, more
efpecially if white Wine Vinegar be fprinkled upon
the fame.

XVIII. The Pouder of the Root. Given Ifom 1
to 2 Drams, it is faid to Cute Agues, to flop Vo-
miting and Fluxes, and to ftfengthen the Stomach.
Mixed with equal parts of Pouder of Pellitory of
Spain, and put into a hollow Tooth, it is faid to
eafe the pain thereof : put into Wounds and Ulcers,
it dtys and heals them.

XIX. The Pouder of the Seed. Taken every day
Morning and Night, from 1 to 2 Drams in any tit
Vehicle, as in the Yolk of an Egg, Pulp of a Roafted
Apple , or in Mithriiate , or lome proper Syrup ,
it is faid to heal Ulcers of the Lungs, flop
Coughs , and all forts of Fluxes of the Bow-
els, Catarrhs, and helps weaknefs of the Sto-
5 T mach.

874

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. L

mach, Indigeftion, and (tops Vomiting, is
good againlt the Epilepfy , Lethargy, Con-
vulfions, Droply, Jaundice, Strangury, and
ObftruUions of Liver, Spleen and Reins.

XX. The Cofmetick . Take Efte/ice of Plan-
tain, E (fence of Houfleek , of each 2 Ounces-,
Juice of hi mo ns 1 Ounce-, mix them. It is
good againft Burnings and Scaldings, as alfo
incarnations, and all hot pimples and erupti-
ons of the Skin, being bathed therewith twice
or thrice a Day.

XXI. The Lotion. Take Decoftion of Plantain
8 Ounces Effence of Plantain 4 Ounces •, Alum
Water , Tin Jure of Madder Roots , of each 2 Ounces -,
Honey enough to Sweeten them : mix all well toge-
ther for a Lotion. It is of great ufe, and has a
good effedt, for the curing of old or hollow
Ulcers, which are difficult to be healed, as
alfo for Sores, Cankers, and Ulcers in the
Gums, Mouth, Throat, or Nofe; or in the
privy Parts of Man or Woman} it cleanfes,
drys , and heals them in a lhort time. Fo-
mented alfo upon Tumified Haemorrhoids or
Piles, it eafes their Pain, and quickjy difculfes
them.

XXII. The Liniment. It is made with the
Juice and Oil of Rofes. Anointed on the Tem-
ples and Forehead , it gives eale in the Hedd-
ach proceeding from heat, and is very pro-
fitable for Frantick or Lunatick Perfons, alfo
againlt the bitings of Serpents , or Mad Dogs :
it gives great eafe (being applyed ) in all
hot Gouts, whether in Hands or Feet, efpecially
in the beginning, to cool the heat and repreis
the Humors.

XXIII. The Cataplafm of the Green Herb and
Root. It allays the heat of Inflamations, is profi-
table againft a hot Gout, cleanfes old and putrid
Ulcers, and prevents pains, Tumor, and Infta-
mations , which are apt to happen in Diflo-
cations, and over-ftraining of the Nerves and
Tendons.

XXIV. The Diftilled Water. Dropt into the
Eyes, It eafes their pain and fmarting, and
cools them very much being Inflamed} and
is faid to clear the Eyes from Clouds, Films,
and other things which obfufeate the Sight.
A little Alum and Honey being dijfolved in it,
it is of good ufe for wafhing4 cleanfing and
healing a fore and ulcerated Mouth or Throat.
If Plantain Water 1 pan is mix'd with Beef
Brine 2 parts, it will be good to heal all
fpreading Scabs, Scald Heads, Tettars, Ring-
worms, Scurff, Morphew, Shingles, or other
running and fretting Sores.

XXV. The Diet Drink. Take Juice of
Plantain 3 Starts-, Juice oj Oranges a Pint-,
Roots of Burdock 8 Ounces } of Angelica,
Jharp pointed Dock , and Parfly , of each 4
Ounces -, Corriander and fweet Fennel Seed ,
of each 2 Ounces } Nutmegs thin fliced an
Ounces Alexandrian Sena 4 Ounces: New Ale
10 Quarts-, put the Juices into the Ale }
then put all the other Ingredients , ( as the
Roots fir ft thin fliced or bruifed , the Seeds
bruifed, the Nutmegs and Sena ) into a long,
clofe Knit Net bag, with a Stone in it, which
put alfo into the Ale. Let them work toge-
ther, and after two or three Days , let the
Patient drink of it a Pint at a time Morning
and Evening , renewing the Recipe with frefh
Ingredients , as oft as 7ieed fhall require.
This is a perfect cure for the Scurvy , and
all Scorbutick Taints, and Rheumatick Pains
in a hot Conftitutionj it cleanfes and purifies

the Blood, makes fubtil and fine the Lympha, and
caufe a due and eafy circulation of all the Na-
tural Juices of the Body.

CHAP. DLXVI.

Of PLANTAIN narrow Leav’d.

0 R,

RIB- W O R T.

I. TpjfE Karnes. It is called in Greeks
1 ’A^voy^ua-irov fux&v , ^ Pent a-

neuros: in Latin, Quinquenervia (from its ha-
ving five Ribs) and Rlantago Angujiifolia!
in Englijh , Narrow Leav'd, or Long Leav’d
V Lint a:n , and Ribwort , alfo Ribwort Rlan-
tain. I

II. The Kinds. There are nine or ten
feveral forts of this Plant, accounted of in
fome Authors , but the moft of them not
being to be found in our Climate, nor yet
in our Wejl India , or American Plantations
we fhall only Defcribe to you fuch as are

Natives of our own, which are the four fol-
lowing, viz. 1. Riant ago quinquenervia ma-

jor, Riant ago angujiifolia major , Riant ago mi-
nor Dodonni, Fuchfij , Cefneri ; Riant ago tonga
Mattbio/i id Lugdunenfis ; Our common or

greater Rib-wort , or Rib-wort Plantain. 2.
Plant ago anguJlifoUia minor , Riant ago quinqttc-
nervia minor 1 , in longa minor-. The Idler
Ribwort , or Ribwort Plantain. 3. Rlantago

angujiifolia Rofea , O' multiformis, Rlantago
torofa prolifer a , Rlantago angujiifolia Rofea ,
Plant ago quinquenervia Rofea Gerardi-, Role
Rib-wort; or Kofe Rib-wort Plantain. 4. Rlan-
tago angujiifolia J "errata Unfit , Rib-wort or
Ribwort Plantain with dented Leaves.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firjl, or Our common or greater
Rib-wort, or Ribwort Plantain. Its Roots
are long , fibrous , or Jlringy , like the Roots
of the Common broad Leav’d Plantain. From
which Spring up divers narrow, long, and
hairy, dark green Leaves, lying on the Ground,
with jive Nerves or Ribs for the mojl part,
in every one of them , running from one end
of the Leaf to the other , and pointed at the
ends. And from among which rife up many
naked and Jlriped Stalks , faittewhat hairy , at
the lops of which grow fuch like long and
Spiked dark green Heads , as in the firjl
Common Plantain, and Flowering in the Jame
manner , but greater and Jhorter , wherein ly
fuch Seeds cu in the former , but larger, and
of a darker color. This is found fometimes
varying in the Heads , for fome will have
two Heads upon a Stalk, or one Head parted
into two parts, or with two or more fpiked
Heads , growing at the bottom of the principal
Head .

IV, The

Chap, 5 66. Englijh Herbs \

Vlantain long Leav'd,
or Rilwort.

IV. The fecond, or Lefier Ribwort, or Rib-
wort Plantain. Tbii In its Roots , Leaves , Stalks,
Heads, f lowers and Seed , and in every of its
farts , as alfo in its form of growing , is like
unto the firft before dcfcribcd , ini differs only in
its magnitude , tits grouting always much fmaller
than that.

V. Tie’ third, or Rofe Ribwort, or Rofe Rib-
wort Plantain. It has a pretty thick long Root
with many fibres adjoining to it. Its Leaves are
like the two former Kinds , fo that by its finglc
Leaves it is Scarcely to be known from them, before
she Stalks with the Heads begin to appear, which
when they are full ripe, Jhew themfe/ves in a varia-
ble manner ; font: having targe or long narrow
Leaves fet together , fomewhat fparfedly imitating
a loofe or difperfed Rofe : others having jhort er
green Leaves , more compaS and clo/ed, making a
more comely form of a Rofe, Sometimes Sully laid
open, and fomtimes more clofe, and as it were half
clofcd ; and Sometimes out of the middle of /feRole
will arife two or three or more Jhort Stalks, bear-
ing each a fmall green Rofe, and therefore called
Prolifera made of many fmall Leaves fet toge-
ther in the fame manner , and fomelimes many
Jhort fpikcs fet clofe together in one Head , or
feparate each by its fclf. This Kind has fcarcely
ever been feen to bear Seed, but is encreafed by
flipping or parting the Root, and planting or Jet-
ting it again.

VI. Johnfon in Gerard fays. That this Rofe
Ribwort has many broad and long Leaves ftiarp
pointed and of a dark green color , Ribbed with
five Nerves or Sinews tike the Common Ribwort
among which rife up naked Stalks, furrowed, cham-

fered, or crefled, with certain /harp edges. At the
lops whereof grows a great and large Tuft of fuch
like Leaves, as grow next the Ground, making one
entire Tuft or Umbel, in fhape refembling a Role'
(tohercof I thought good to give it the Surname j
which ts from its Flower.

VII. The fourth, or Ribwort, or Ribwort

Plantain with dented Leaves. Its Root is fmall
long and fibrous like the fir ft Kind. In its Leave's
and manner of growing, it is very much like the
Second or Lelfer Ribwort, but fmaller, narrower
and harder in handling, being dented about+bl
edges, and fo Jharp withal/, that they mayfeem
to be Prickles , which has caufed Jome to call
it. Peregrins Spinofa , tho ’ I think improperly,
the Jptkei Heads grow upon J. lender Stalks ,
about half a Foot high , being fomewhat open, or
afperfed. r ’

VIII. The Places. The firft grows almofl: every
whertby Hbdge fides, Path way fides. Borders of
helds and bertil Medows. The Second grows
Iikewife in divers Medows and Fields, and by
Path-ways and is alfo found growing in Gardens
as a Weed, The third is found Wild in feveral
places °f this Kingdom , in fome places in the
North ol England, and formerly in a Field near
London by Hogsdon , and in many other parts of the
Kingdom, from whence for the rarity thereof
it has been Tranfplanted by fome Lovers of
Plants, and nounfhed up in Gardens. The fourth
grows with us only in Gardens, being brought
hither in Seed from Span,.- bur I hive fomc-
fw/°Und “ Sr°wing Wild in r°me parts of

IX. The Times. They all Flower and Seed
at the fame times ( vts. in May, June, and
July) with the former Broad Leav'd Plan-
tain.

,$\r VK specification. Preparations,

Gm f T' c 'bmrt SU’na,n are exaQly the
fame with the former Broad. Leav’d Plantain ■
faving that fome Authors are of Opinion that the’
Ribwort exceeds in Virtue and Efficacy ro all
the Intentions for which the Broad Leav’d is
applyed.

chap. DLXVII.

Of PLANTAIN Bucks-horn.

I- 'T U f ff ernes. It is called in Greek

-L (d Lory, no pede quern effigiant folia, as
Pena jays.) w Latwe, Coronopus alfo ; but they
likewife call it Cornu Ceftvi and Cornu Cervinum
Het ha Stella, Harenarta , ifi Sangumaria, or San-
gutnalts, (the one from the place of its growing
the other from its Qualities, Properties or Effefls . H
1 think it might be more properly called, Plantago
Cervtna, Plantagd Corn, gera , Plan, ago Cornuata
vel Corn, eulata, a Horned Plantain: in W
Bucks-horn Plant a, n, and by fome, Crowfoot Plan-

II. The Kinds. We fcarcely know any mote
than two Species of this Plant, vis. t. cLnoZ
vulgaris. Cornu Cervinum vulgare, Coronopus fati-
VKCerdf, Gefnen , G Camerarij , (becaufe in
Italy, France Spain, and other places it was Nurlt
up in Gardens for a Sallet Herb:) Cornu Cervi
& Herbs Stella Dodonsi O' Lobelij j It is aifo
5 T 2 called,

Salmon’/ 'Herbal*

Lib. L

called, Coronopus Sylveftris ^ becaufe it is alfo
found Wild in feveral Countries: Our common
Bucks-horn Plantain. 2. Coronopus InfuU Pro -
chyt* Column*-, Coronopus Sylveftris hirfutio Bau-
hini. , Prickly Bucks-horn Plantain.

The Descriptions*

HJ> T he Jirfi , or Our Common Bucks-horn
Plantain. Its Root is fingle , long , and J mailt
with feveral Fibres adjoining thereto. If it is
Sown or Planted from Seed , it rifes tip at
firft with fmall , long, narrow , hairy, dark ,
Leaves , almoft like Grafs, without any divifion
or gafh in them -, but thofe which fucceed are
gajht in , on both J ides of the Leaves , into three
or four gajhes , and pointed at the ends , re-
fembling the Snaggs of a Bucks Horn,
whence it took its Name. And being well grown ,
Leaves ly round about the Root upon the

Buckfhorn Vlantain.

Ground , 2/7 order 9 one by another $ thereby re -
fembling the form of a Star , therefore

called Herba Stella. F/w» among which rife
up feveral Hairy Stalks , about an Hand
breadth high , bearing every one of them a
fmall , long , fpiky Head , wry like unto thofe
of the Common Plantain , having fuel j like
Bloomings and Seed after them . T he Smell and
Tafle thereof is very much , or altogether , the
fame with that of the Common and Ribwort
Kind.

IV. T he fecond , or Prickly Bucks- horn Plan-
tain, This differs but little from the former but

that its Leaves are fome thing larger , broader and
thicker , and snore hairy or rough. And the
dents or jaggs of the Leaves are more fharp
and prickly. The Stalks and Heads are like-
wife more rough and hairy . Thefe are the chief
differences , in all other things , it is like to the
former.

V. The Places. The firft ufually grows in dry
Tandy Grounds, in Barren Plains and UntilPd
places, in many parts of England as in Tuttle
Fields , near Wejhninjier • at Waltham Abby, not far
from London, as alfo upon Black-Heath near South-
ward and many other like places. In Italy, &c.
they are wont to Plant it in their Gardens , as a
Sallet Herb, becaufe they commonly eat it in Sal -
lets. The fecond Grows on Rocks in the Ifland
Prochyta as Columna fays : I have had it from Eye
Witneffes, who told me, that they had feen it
grow upon fome of the Mountains in Wales, and
fome other like Places in England.

VI. The Times. They both Flower in May,
June , and July , their Seed ripening in the
mean Seafon: and their Leaves abide frelh and
green in a manner all the Winter.

VII. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations ,
and Vertices of Bucks-horn Plantain , are the very
fame with thofe of the Common broad Leav'd Plan-
tun , (in Chap. 565. Se3. 11. ad 2J.) to which I
refer you.

VIII. Obferv. 1. The Juice or Effence of this
Plant, Is laid to be a peculiar remedy againft the
Bitings of Vipers, or other Venomous Beafts, bv
drinking of it either alone, or in a Glafs o'f
Generous Wine , a Cataplafm of the Green Herb
being alfo laid upon the Wound or place bit-
ten. It Hops alio all bleedings and eruptions
of Blood , whether at Mouth or Nofe , whether
by Urine or Stool , cures the Dyfentery or
Bloody Flux, and other Fuxes of the Bowels,
and is profitable as Paul us JEgineta, Lib. 7!
fays, againft the Colick. Given inwardly from
4 to 8 Spoonfuls at a time in Sryptick Red
Wine, 3 Hours before the com mg of an .Ague,,
it cures it , more efpecidly if the Leaves of
the Plant be laid to the lides, and fo the Fit
will fuddenly vanifli , as if it had been done
by Witchcraft.

IX. Obferv. 1. The Tecottion in Wine. It

has the Virtues of the Juice or Effence-, be*

Tides which, if it is long drank, it cures the
Strangury, and is profitable for fuch as are
troubled with Sand, Gravel, Stones, or Tar-
tarous Matter in the Reins, abating the heat
and Infiamation of the Reins , Ureters or other
ajdacent parts, and ftrengthening them. And

given Morning and Evening for fome Days

together, it helps all forts of Sore Eyes,

caufed from a Defluxion of hot , fharp , and
Salt Rheums, by cooling the parts, abating the
acrimony of the humor, and] ftopping'the Fluxion.

X. Obferv. 3. The Root, whether in Ponder,
(which may be given from 2 Scruples to 2
Drams, in any fit Vehicle Morning and Night)
or the Decottion in Wine , or lnfufion in Spirit
of Wine, have all the Virtues of the Juice,
bffence and Dccotfion, afbrefpecified faving
that the Root is thought to be more potent
than the Herb or Leaves, and to be a more
fpecifick Remedy for the Colick.

XI. Obferv. 4. The Cataplafm of Leaves and
Roots with Bay Salt. Apply ed to both Wrifts,
and Bound on pretty hard (yet not too hard
neither) cures Agues admirably*, it prefently
flops the Courfo of the Firs j and foon after
fo profligates the Ague , as to compleat a Cure.

CHAP.

Chap. 564. ‘Englijh Herbs .

877

CHAP. DLXVIII.

Of PLANTAIN Water.

I* ' ft v H E Names. What Greek Name this
A was called by in Diofcori3.es or Theo-
phraftus , is uncertain, but in refpeft to the Latine
Name it may be 'fyvbyruaaav 'ivvj'&v : in Latine
Plantago Aquatica, ArmgloJJum Aquat icum : and’
in Englijh , Water Plantain.

II. The Kinds. 1. Plantago Aquatica major ,
Fifhiia Pafioris , Barba Sylvana , Our common
greater Water Plantain. 2. Plantago minor Aqua-
tica Cafalpini ; Plantago Aquatica humilis angttjii-
folia Lobelij , The Idler Water Plantain. 3. Plan-
tago Aquatica minor muricata , Damafonium Ste/la-
tum Lugdunenfis, The lefler Water Plantain, with
Calthrope like Seed, Star Water Plantain. 4.
Plantago Aquatica minima Guftj ; Plantaginella
paluftris Bauhtni, The leaft Water Plantain.

the Descriptions:

III. The firjl, or Our common greater Water
Plantain. Its Root conjifts of a great Bujh of
many long Fibres or Strings fet together: which

Plantain Water Star.

fends Jonh fever al long thick green hollow Stalks
with large long green Leaves on them , having
Jome Jhew of Ribs m them , like unto Plantain -.
but they are much greattcr , fiffer , and longer,
and roith far per ends. From among thefe rife up
Several tall three cornered fpongy Stalks , divided in
Jeveral Branches at the Tops , on which Band a
great number of white Flowers , comppfed of three
leaves apiece. After which follow fmall three cor-
nered. green Heads , in which is contained the
Seed.

IV. The fecond, or The lefler Water Plantain.
Its Root conffts of many fmall white Fibres like
t_c former, which fends forth fever al long
Leaves , fix times f mailer and narrower than the
.former, from among which rife up divers bare
Stalks a Foot high, bearing a Tuft of many blufh ,
colored Flowers , conft fling of three Leaves apiece
like the former each {landing on a long foot Stalk ,
and all rftng from one Head, like an Umbel, after
zohicb follow rough Heads of Seed like to thofe of
the Crowfoot.

V The third, or Lefler Water Plantain with
Calthrope like Seed, Star Water Plantain. Its
Root is a bujh of long white Fibres or Strings:
zwich fends up fever al fmall and long Leaves
jre ,!° °f Ribwort Plantain, but much

f mailer, and turning thcmfelves backwards. The
Stalks are fender and naked, and about half a Foot
high or more, which bear at their tops fparfed fmall
*-uJfs °f white three Leav'd Flowers -, which being
pff away, come after them, prickly Heads Banding
out with ends like to a Star, in which lyes the
Seed. J

VI. Johnfon in Gerard fays. That this Plant in
its Roots and Leaves is like to our firft deferi-
bed, as alfo in the Stalk, but much lefs in each
of them, the Stalk being about a Foot high -
at. t0P °f which fands many pretty Star
like skinny Seed Vcffels , containing a yellowijfj

\ 11. The fourth, or The leaft Water Plan-
tain. Its Roots conffts of nothing but a Bujh of
very fine ' Fibres or Threads. This Leaft Wa-
ter Plantain fpreads it felf wholly upon the
Ground, bringing forth fever al fmall, long and
narrow Leaves, ftanding on very fender foot
*c /a ’/ r°m amon& which come many fender
o talks lying down on the Ground, being not much
above an Inch long , and ending in a fmall
Head, which fending forth fmall Fibres, compre-
hends a great fpace of place , and take Root
again, footing forth other f mailer Leaves
from among which fpring forth five or fix
Jmall round Buttons (no Flowers having yet
been obferved on the Plant) fanding on very
fine Stalks, opening into two parts, fhewing very
fmall Seed within them. From among thej'e round
Buttons grow alfo other rows or courfes of fmall
Heads, bringing forth other fmaller Leaves and
Buttons than the former.

, ■Vl|11' per laces. Thefe all grow on the
brinks of Rivers, in Watery Ditches. Plalhes
wet Ponds, and other ftanding Waters. The firft
grows almoft every where in moift places through-
out the whole Kingdom. The fecond and third
are more rare, but in the like places, as in
a Dirch on this fide Margate, in the Ifle of
lenet. The third has been found growing in
the Ditches on the left Hand of the High-
Way irom Holloway to Highgate and a lit-
tle beyond Ilford , in the Way to Rumford:
Mr. Goodycr found it alfo growing upon Hour-
fidw-Heatb .

IX. The

Of PLANTAIN Sea.

E Names. It is called in Greek , '04-
___ rw iy 'Ou'cctov : in La! in e, Holoftium , Cf
Holojleum , (for it is Written both ways) alfo
Plunla&o Karina: and in Englijh , Srs P&s-

tain. _ . r

II. The Kinds. There are many Species ot
this Plant, but thefe five forts are chief, viz.
I. Plant ago Marina vulgaris Lobc/ij, LugduncnJis
& Gerardi , Our common Sea Plantain. 2. Hoto-
fleumSalamanticum , Holojleum Hifpanicum ,
angujlifoha albida Doionti, Plantago Uifpamenfis
major , Holojleum qoruniam Camerarij ; Holojleum
hirfutum albicans majus Baithini The greater Spa-
nifli Sea Plantain. 3. Holojleum minus, Holojleum
’hirfutum albicans minus Cliff Bauhiito ; Plant ago
tilfpanienfis minor , Holojleum Salamatiticumminor-,
The letTer Spanifli Sea Plantain. 4. Holojleum art-
gull if olium majus , Jive Serpent aria major ; Coronopus
Sylveftris Mattbioli -, Serpentina marina-. Plant ago
marina Camerarij in borto , Plant ago angujlifolia
Lodontei , The greater Grafs Leav’d Sea Plantain.
5. Holojleum anguftifolium minus , Serpentina Om-
nium minima Lobelij, Holojleum quorundam Lugdu-
nenfis. The lefier Grafs Leav’d Sea Plantain. To
thefe may he added , 6. Holojleum Loniceri , Cau-
da mum Vocalum , Myofcuros , Holojleo affinis Cau-
da murits Baubini , Coronopus Sylvejlris Tragi,
Moufe Tail. This, tho’ Corner arim, Lomcerm,
TLugdunenfis, Tbalius , and Baubinus himfelf, ac-
counts among the Kindred of the Holojlea , yet
others have been of another Opinion, for which
Reafon we have treated of it alone, in a particu-
lar Chapter by it felf, viz. in Chap. 504. aforego-
ing, and therefore (hall fay no more of it in this
place.

The Descriptions.

III. The frjt , or Our Common Sea Plan-
tain. Its Root is fomeiohat white , thick , and
long , with long fibres adjoining thereto , and
abides may Tears , from this Root Spring up
many narrow , long , and thick green Leaves ,
having here and there a dent or two on the
one edge , and pointed, at the end. from a -
mong thefe Leaves rife up feveral bare Stalks ,
with a f/nall f piked Head thereon , f mailer than
Common Plantain, other wife alike , both in its
Blooming and Seed.

IV. The fecond, or Greater Spanifli Sea Plan-
tain. Its Root is Something long and hard , with
feveral fibres adjoining to it. It differs not
much from the former Greater Kind; having
many narrow hoary Leaves lying on the Ground ,
but fhorter and broader than they, from
among which rife up divers naked Jhort Stalks ,
little more than an Hand breadth high , fur
nijht from the » middle altnoft to the tops ,
with many whitijh green Flowers J landing more
fparfedly in the f piked Heads than the former h
which contain in their Husks a certain kind of
/ mall Seed.

V. The third , or Lefier Spanifh Sea Plan-
tain. This in its Root and fibres , Leaves ,
Stalks , Heads , flowers and Seed , as alfo in
its manner of growing , is very like the lajl y
faving that this is much J mailer , and not fo
gray or Hoary ; and the flowers are like to
thofe of the Ribwort, or Bucks-horn Plantain,
but the Heads ate J mailer , and the Leaves greener
and narrower.

VI. The fourth , or Greater Grafs Leav’d
Sea Plantain. Its Root is fomewhat thick , long
and woody , with fome fibres thereto adjoining.
This Greater G rally Leav’d Plant has a great
number of /mail long Leaves , altnoft like Grafs,
but that they are ftiff and hard 5 fometimes
lying upon the J Ground , and fometimes raifed
a little higher , from a Stem under them. They
are of a grayifh or hoary green color , and
having on fome 0} them , fome fmall gajhes on
the edges. From among which rife up naked
Stalks , about half a Foot high , with fmall
[piked Heads , like unto Plantain Heads , Jet
on their tops , in which is contained alfo fuch
like Seed ,

VII. The

\

Chap. 569. ‘Enghjb Herbs.

879

Plantain Sea Grafs Leav'd great.

rhe pme with thole of the Common Plan-
fam in Chap. 56$. Sett. 11. ad 25. to which J
reler you.

XI. Obfcrvdtion. , 1. Gerard fays. That theie
Herbs have the fame Faculties and Virtues which
the other Plantains have 5 and that they are
thought to be rhe belt or molt efficacious of
all the Kinds. And Parkinfon fays, that what
has been fa id of the other Plantains may iii
lome lort be jultly referred to thefe* for in
their coldnefs and drynefs, and other Proper-
ties, Wherein the Plantains are excellent , thefe
do but little differ, and therefore, That it
needs nop to repeat the lame things here
again, which in other places have already been
lpoken.

XII. Obferv. 2. Only fays Mattbiohss , That
the fourth Kind here mentioned called Serpentina ,
the I eople of Gontia in Italy where it grows ule
it to efpecial good purpofe , againft the Bitings
ot serpents efpecially, and of other Veno-
mous Beads (which Matthio/rss himfelf alfo
lays. That he had found true by good Experi-
ence;) as alfo to help thofe that are troubled
with the Dropfy, that chiefly which has pofleft
the whole Body properly called a Sarcitis at
An of area.

XIII. Obferv. 3. Galen , Diof corides , and Pliny
have proved Sea Plantain , to be fuch an excel-
lent Wound Herb, that it prefently clofes or
(huts up a Wound , tho’ it be very great and
large. And by the fame Authority I fpeak it
(lays Gerard) That if it be put into a Pot where-
in pieces of Flefh are Boiling, it will Soder them
together*

VII. The fifth , or Letter Grais Leav’d Sea Plan-

tain. This in its Roots , Leaves , Stalks , Heads ,
Flowers and Seed differs not much from the
former , or Gfeater Kind-, but that it is
fmaller , and Scarcely having any dent on
the edges it grows alfo much . lower , not

exceeding three or four Inches in height ,
and the Leaves not above two or three Inches
at mo ft in length,

VIII. The Places. The firft grows near the
Sea , and upon the Sea Coaft , in mod places
of England, as alfo upon the Sea Shores of
many other Countries. The fecond and third
ate Natives of Spain, the greater of which Clu-
fius fays, he faw by the High-way fides near
to Vale mid-, but fince his time they have been
found to be Natives alfo of our Country, grow-
ing at Baftable in the IJIe of Wight, and in the
1/lcs of Jerfy and Gcrnfey. The fourth and fifth
Kinds are Natives of Italy , as Matthiolus fays -,
and of Germany as Comer arius fays , growing by
a Lake of Salt Water near Iftebia: fince thofe
times, we find them to be Natives alfo of our
Country, and feveral Eye Witneffes have af-
firmed, that both the greater and leffer Sorts
grow near the Sea fide in the Wed parts of Eng-
land ; in all the Trafts of the Marlhes near AJl-
ferry in Glocefter-Jhire-, and that they grow
upon the Rocks in Scilly , Garnfey, and the IJIe
of Man. The fird Species has been found growing
by the Forts on both fides the Water at Gravef-
eni ; at Erith near London-, at Lee in Ejfex ; at
R>r in Kent-, at Weli-Chefter alfo ; andat^ o»near
Briftol.

IX. T he Times. They Flower towards the end
May, and thro’ all June and July, and their Seed
ripens in a (hort time after.

X. T he Qualities, Specification, Preparati-
ons, and Virtues of Sea Plantain, are fully

PLOWMANS-SPICKNARD,ytrSpicknard-PIow-

mans, Chap.

PLUM-TREE, fee it in Lib. 2. Chap.

POCK WOOD, fee Guajacum, Lib. 2. Chap.

CHAP. DLXX.

Of P O L E Y;

0 R,

P O L E Y Mountain.

*■ /TV/ E Karnes. It is called in Greek, Tttuim
-l (ftc ditfum propter Canitiem , smU enirn
Canitiem vel Canum fignificat , becaufe it is like to
the hoary Hairs of a Mans Head:) in Latine
Folium, a Folium Montanum: in Englijh Foley
and Foley Mountain. Some will have Folium to
be Leucas , and that Diofcorides has twice
treated of that Herb under divers Names for
that the Kinds, the reafon of their Names
and the Qualities or Faculties do agree. There
are two, vis. Moslem, which they will have
to be Folium Montanum ; and MmJ, which
ts Folium Hortenfe. The Name Leucas is from
the wmnfh color j and Polion from its Hoarinels,
as js aforefaid, being like to the white Hoaxinefs of
a Mans Head.

.tt- Tb* Kinds. Authors have made ten or more
Kinds of this Plant, but they being moft of them

Strangers

Strangers in our Climate, nor yet found to be grow-
ing in our Tranfmarine Plantations, we ft) all only
take notice of, and Defcribe the three Species fol-
lowing, viz. I . Folium Montnhum vn/gare , Folium
Montanum Lute urn Lobelij -, Folium Montanum pi-
mum Dodonti^ Our ordinary or common Poley. 2.
Folium Montanum minus , Folium Montanum pri-
mum Mattbioli , Folium Montanum album , White
Poley, or upright Spanifh Poley Mountain. 3.
Folium Montanum LavenduU joho Baubini , Folium
Montanum fecundum Mattbioli , Folium Montanum
feptimum Clufij , Folium recent iorum Lamina La-
venduU folio Lobelij , Spike or Lavender Leav’d
Poley.

the Defcriptions.

it fcldom gives perfefl Seed to be Sozcn. Let CIu-
fius fays^ That be had fome Plants raijed from the
Seed of this Spe'cies but they brought forth Homers
more pale than the Mother Plant , and fome more
white , efpecial/y on the 'out fide , being pale on the
infide.

IV. The fccbtid, or White Poley, or Upright
Spanifh Poley Mountain. Its Root is bard and
woody like the former. The whole Plant is f mallei
than /V, and rij'es up with many fm.il/ fender
Branches , ftahdrng more upright titan the firlt or
common Kind, and not leaning downwards to the
Ground , iho1 it grows upright , yet it grows not
much higher. On its Stalks and Branches- are fet

Holey Mountain white.

: III. The fir ft , or Our ordinary or common
Poley. Its Root is fomewhat long and hard , with
a few Fibres hanging thereto. It is a fmall low
Flant , not above a Foot high , having J'evcral white
or hoary round and hard Branches , on which are
fet divers long and fmall hoary Leaves , overlaid cm
it were with a yellowifh white Down , a little dent-
ed about the edges , and fomething broader or greater
than any of thofe zohicb follow , two always fet to-
gether on the Stalks as they grow up : at the tops
whereof grow whitifh or hoary yellowifh Heads ,
ihr lifting out many fmall pale colored Flowers •,
and in fome places more yellow , ftanding in hoary
Husks. The Seed is fmall and blackifh. The
whole Flant fmells fweet , ftrong and quick
with all. The Branches being Slipt , and fet in
the Ground , will grow very well , and by that
means be Efficiently encreafed , for in our Climate

Poky Mountain Common , or
Felloe).

many hoary Leaves, ftttaller than thofe of the frfi
fort, and fome fmall ones together with them , a
little dented about the edges towards the ends, and
eis hoary, or rather more hoary than it. At their
tops grow longer and f nailer Heads , having white
blowers, coming forth oat oj hoary Cups, larger and
more Jprcad than the following. The Seed is black-
ijh and fmall, yet greater than that of the juft be-
fore deferibed, iho ’ the Hunt it fc/f is fmaller.
And the Smell of this is more fweet and acute than
that.

V. The third, or Spike or lavender Leav’d Fo-
ley. h has a hard woody Root , fp reading it felf
out with many ' fmall fibres. from this Root fpring
forth feveral weak Branches, on which are fet many
fmall tong Leaves, two together, one againft another,
as in both the former , which are fomething green
on the upper fide, and hoary underneath, fomething
like if the Leaves of Rolemary, or Lavender, and
not at ah.fnipt about the edges. At the tops of the
Branches, come forth many flowers not bufhing, but
loofely fpread, which are of a white color, net differ -
ingin form from the other, but coming forth of a
grayifh husk, yet hot fo very hoary cti the others.
The Seed is black like the reft ; and the whole Riant

hat

Chap, 5 7 o. EngUJh Herbs .

Voley Mountain Lavender
heav'd

hat a fmall facet Smell , 770/ yb plcafant as the
former, as fame Authors fay: but Matthiolus
fays it f metis well , the’ not fo p/eafant or
ftrong as the left, being of lefs virtue and efficacy
than it. y

VI. The Places. All thefe are Native^ of more
Southern and warmer Climates, as Italy' Spain,
Candle, lie. but here they are Nurft up oMy in
'osar dens, the firft of them being the moft 'com-
mon with us.

VII. The Times. They Flower all June and
July to the beginning of Augujt, and the Seed
ripens m the mean Seafon.

VIII The Qualities. Foley is hot and dry in the
third Degree: Aperitive, Abfterfive, Dmretick
Vulnerary, Cardiack, and Alexipharmick. The
firft or greater Kind is moft in ufe.

IX. The Specification. It is profitable againft
the Jaundice, Dropfy, Spleen, Bitings of Veno-
mous Creatures, Poifon, Strangury, obftruftions
or the Courfes ; cures Green Wounds as alfo old

he°altganthemUtrid deanfing’ dryingand

X. The Preparations. You may have thete-

*■ ,A or EJfence. 2. A Decoffion.
3. A Pouder. 4. A Cataplafm. 5. A Spirituous

Tindhre A” ™,re' 7- An °'l>

The Virtues.

XI. The Juice or EJfence. They are good for
5?ch as are bitten or flung with any Venomous
Creature; and is profitable againft the Dropfy,
Jaundice, Hypochondriack Melancholy, and Pain

Tumor or Swelling of the Spleen. They provoke
the Terms 111 Women, give eafe in the Strangury
provoke Urine, and force away Sand, Gravel’

mu? °r L,l?r°uS Matter from the Reins and
B adder. Dole from 3 Spoonfuls to 6 or more
Morning and Night, in a Glafs of white Lisbon
Wine. 11 they are given in too great a Dole they
are apt to trouble the Stomach a little, and fome-
times (it the Stomach is very foul) tocaufe Vo-
rmtmg. If the Lips of Cuts or Wounds be waflied
with them, they caufe Conlblidation, and a fud-
den healing.

XII. The Decoffion in Wine, it has all the

Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but not altoge-
ther lo erhcacious, and therefore ought to be given
m greater Quantity. It opens all obftruffions of
the tfeera as of the Stomach, Lungs, Liver,
Spleen, Mefentety, Reins and Womb, therebJ
carrying off the recrements of thofe parts by Urine
and curing the Scurvy, Rheumatifm, Cachexy’
and other like Difeafes. Ufed as a Lotion, it is
profitable for the cure of Green Wounds; and it
cleanfes drys and heals alfo old running Sores
and filthy putrid Ulcers. 6

XIII. The Pouder of the Leaves and Heads. It
has the Virtues of the Juice, EJfence mi Decoffion,
a DrZy t f,vennMormng Evening, from half

^ r ? u :-W° Drami> m a Glafs of' Port,
or Lisbon Wine, or a Spoonful or two of Syrup of
Violets ot Oovegilhjtoioers. Strewed upon old
putrid Sores and Ulcers, it flops the flux of Hu-
mors , cleanfes > drys, and heals them. Tho’ the
firft or greater Kind is moft ufed with us yet
ltis the Pouder of the leffer Kind, (which' is
the more bitter in Tafte, and the more (harp
flCj ,Up0n.thTer Tongue) which is put into
Mithndate and I enice Treacle , and other An-

gte°ateftv[ttue?Unter P°!f°n9’ Md is indeed of

XIV. The Cataplafm made of the green Herb.
Applyed to great Cuts or Wounds, it quickly Con-

iglujinates and heals them, and this4 the greater
Kuid does belt perform. 8

XV. The Spirituous Tinffure. It very much
comforts and lengthens the Stomach, Bowels
and Womb give prefent eafe in the Colick’
and is profitable againft Convulfions whether
ln or y°™gi R refills Poifon and is good
againft the bitings of Mad Dogs, Vipers
and other Venomous Creatures, fiofe from 1
Dram to 2, Morning and Evening in a Glafs of

XVI. The' Acid Tinffure. It opens all man
net of Obftruffions of the Bowels, of what
kind foever , itrengthens and fortifies the Sto-
mach creates an Appetite, and caufes a good
Digeftion. It is a potent Remedy againft the
Scurvy and refills the malignity of the Plague

jPenllent;e’ as a ®P°tted Fever, Purples
and all other Malign Fevers, more ufually hap-
pening to younger People, where there is a high
and exalted Temperament of the Blood Dofe

dflnks 40 Dr°PS 3t * time’ ih 311 thaC the Patient

XVII. The Oily Tinffure. It is ah Anti-colick
and a potent Dmretick, giving prefent eafe

fW? S?"e andc S,trangufy: R expels Sand,
Gravel Stones if they be fmall, and Tarta-
rous Mucilage from the Reins, Ureters and
Baldder. It provokes the Terms Women, faci-
litates the Birth, and gives eaiie Labor: it alfo
caufes a due deanfing afterwards, and either
prevents or cures After-pains, which are fo
very troubiefom to fome Women , that they
exceed the Vehemency of the Labor it felf.

5 ^ Taken

88% Salmon* 1 ierbah Lib. L

Taken alfo daily Morning and Night inwardly I
in Wins, and the Back Bone being alfo anoint-
ed therewith twice a Day, as alfo the other
parts affefted in a Palfy, it has been found by good
Experience to Cure that Difeafe, as alfo Numb-
ednefs, Trembling of the Limbs, and other Pa-
ralytick Difaffe&ions of the Nerves. It helps
Lamenefs , gives eafe in the Gout tho’ _ ne-
ver fo extrsam , prevails againlt the Sciatica ,
and is a powerful Remedy againft Rheu-
matifms. Dofe from is t0 3°, 40> or
Drops at a time , Morning and Night in any
fit Vehicle.

Volypody of the Wall .

CHAP. DLXXI.

The Def crip ions.

1. t HE Names. It is called by the Ara-
1 hints, Bisbera , as Serapio has it; by
Avicen , Desbers , and Budeig : by others Aibeig,
and Beffaigi : in Greek , lUrvaUhn (d Poly-
porum c'irrhk , fays Diofcorides : or d caver -
nofis acetabu/ii , feu arrhis Tolyporum , fays
Pliny:) in Latine , Polypodium ; S' f ilicula
(quafi parva I'ilix ) & Wicularis Herba:
in Eitglijh , Polipody : fome call it Wall fern (
and Oak fern , (according to their places of
growth) but then they ought to add another
Epithite to it, and make it Great, as. Great
Oak fern , becaufe there are fmaller which are
properly fo called, as you may fee in Chap.
26 o. aforegoing, of which the Polypody is no
Species.

II. The Kinds. We make three particular
Species hereof, tho’ the two firll differ not
much , one from another , but in their place
of growth, and thefe are, 1. Polypodium ,
( and fo it is called by all Authors , ) Polypo-
dium Murinum , Wail Polypody, or Polypody
of the Wall. 2. Polypodium qucrcimm , vet
quernium. Polypody of the Oak. 3. Polypo-
dium alterum Polypodium minus. The fmaller
Polypody.

HI. The Jirfl or Polypody of the Wall.
its Root is long, not a finger thick , creep-
ing a Jlope ; on which are fecn certain little
Buttons , like thofe Pits and Dents which ap-
pear in the Tails of Cuttle Fillies ; which
has a certain fweetnefs , with a Tafte J'omc-
vibat harjh. The Leaves of this Polypody
might be thought to be like thofe of the
Male Fern , but that thoje are far leffcr ,
and not nickt at all on the edges. Thefe
do prefently Spring up from the Root , be-
ing cut in on both the edges , with many
deep gafhes , even to the middle Rib. On the
upper fide they are fmooth : on the under
ftie they are lightly Pondered , as it were
with dujly Marks. This kind of Fern (for
it is a Species of the Fern’s ) wants not only
Seeds and Flowers , but Stalks alfo.

with

IV. The fecond, or Polypody of the Oak,
Its Root is fmaller than ohes 'little finger , ly-
ing a Jlope , or creeping under the upper crufl
of the Earth, or matter it grows on, brown -
ijh on the outfide , and greenifb within , of
a certain faeetijh harfhnefs in the Tajle ; Jet

Volypody of the Oak.

Chap, 5yi» EngUfh Herbs,

zoitb certain rough Knags or Excrefcencies on j XI. T he Preparations. The Root is only or
each fide thereof , having alfo much moffmefs. , or chiefly in Ufe; and you may make therefrom i
yellow hairtnefs upon it, and fome fibres under- A Simple Decotfion in Wine or Water . 2. A Com -
neath it , by which i* -vr'-7 r‘ * J ' ,,T"

neath it , Ay which it is nourished. It is a fma'll
Herb, and confifls of nothing but 'Roots and Leave 's ,
having neither Stalk , nor flowers, nor Seed, as
it is thought. It bra three or four Leaves rifing
from the Root , every one fingly by it felf of about
an Hand length, which are winged, confifting of
many J. mall narrow Leaves, cut in, to the very
middle Rib > jiandingon each fide the Stalk , each be-
ing larger below, and f mailer up to the top, very
like unto the Ofmand Fern, not having any dents
or notches on the edges, as the Male Fern has, of
a fad green color on the upper fide, and fmooth
but fomewhat rough on the under fide, by reafon of
certain yellowifi fpots, which are thereon.

V. This Polypody of the Oak, Gerard thus
defcnbes. The Root has many Strings fanned to it,
one folded within another, of a mean bignefs, and
fwcet in Tafie -, which fends forth here and there
new Sprouts or Springs, thereby it incr Cafes, This
Polypody is much like that of the Wall (before de-
ferred ) yet the Leaves of it are more finely cut,
fmooth on the upper fide, of a pale green color, to-
gether with their Stalks and middle Ribs : but on
the nether fide , it is ?-ough like thofe of Fern.
This Fern grows alfo without Stalks, and continues
always without Seed

VI. The third, or Smaller Polypody. This dif-
fers not from either of the former before deferi-
bed, neither in its Root , or Leaf, or Marks on the un-
derfide of the Leaves, but only that the Root is
fmaller, and Jlenderer, and the Leaves alfo not fo
long and large. This fmallnefs, as I fuppofe, may
rife more from the place where it grows , than from
the diverfity of Kind : for altho*, in fome places ,
the Leaves may feem to be a little waved on the
edges , yet in refped to the general growth of the
Plant, it is but accidental.

VII. The Places . The firft grows iipori old

Mud Walls, as alfo in Molly, Stony, and Gravelly
places, near unto Woods, and where it has molt
mellow and moift Earth to fpring and live in:

pound Decoflion in Wine or Water. 3. A Ponder
thereof. 4. A Catap/a/m. 5. A Dfii/led Water,
not only from the Roots but from the Leaver alfo.

The Virtues.

Mini iu <auu. uve in:

alfo upon old Stone Walls, and the tops of Houfes :
it is likewife found in the borders of Fields, efpeci-
ally under Trees and Thorns, and now and then in
Woods : in fome places it grows rank, and with a
broader Leaf; in others not fo rank, and with a
narrower Leaf The fecond grows upon old rotten
Trunks or Stumps of Trees , as of Oak, Beech ,
Hafle , Willow , and feveral other forts of Wood'
and in the Woods under them ; that which grows
upon the Bodies of old Oaks , is preferred before
the reft ; but inftead of this , molt do ufe that
which grows under the Oak , and for all that I
know, it may do neatly as well. The third or
Smaller Polypody grows where the place is hard and
dry, or in barren places , where fcarcely any other
thing will grow or thrive.

VIII. The Times. By reafon it is green all the
Year, and bearing neither Flower, nor Seed as it is
thought, it may be gathered for ufe at any time ;
yet it lends forth young green Leaves only in the
Spring.

IX. The Qualities. It is hot 3nd dry in the
firft Degree, and as Galen fays, without any biting
property: Aperitive, Abfterfive, Anodyn, Splene-
tick, Arthritick, and Cathartick.

X. the Specification. It purges Melancholy ,
Cholet, and tough Flegm : is good again!! Agues ;
Gout in Hands or Feet ; hardnefs, pain and tumor
of the Spleen, Colick, Stitches in the Sides,
Wind, Coughs, (liortnefs of Breath, Wheezing,
Hoarfnefs, &e.

XII. The Simple Decoflion in Wine or Water
or in Early Broth , or Chicken Broth , or in Whey
or Mead, or Honyci Water. If it is made with
other opening and mollifying things, it is of good
ufe to purge the Belly, to Digeli tough and thick
Humors, and purge Phlegm, whether thick or thin,
even front the Joints : and by ufing this Decoflion
lot a confiderable time, fome who have been trou-
bled with Pains and Tumors in their Hands, Knees
reet and Joints, have been wholly cured of the
fame. It purges off alfo, Colerick and Melancho-
ly Humors, is good againft Pains and Tumors of
the Spleen, and profitable for fuch as have been
long troubled with Quartan Agues, efpecially if
the Decoflion is made in W bey, Mead or Chicken
Broth, with Epithymum, Beets, Mallows and Par-
fly Boots. It is profitable alfo againft Prickings and
Stitches in the Side, as alfo againft the Colick
tho inveterate, but then it ought to be taken for a
pretty long time , and Seed of Anfie, Coriander
Carawaies,acAPennel, with Ginger ought to bead^
ded. It is a fafe and gentle Medicine, free from
danger, and that brings no trouble to the Stomach
fit tor all Seafons and Perfons, which daily Expe-
rience has confirmed. It may be given from an
Dunce to an Ounce and half, or two Ounces in a
Decothon, for one Dole ; which may be given in
the Morning Falling , with due Obfervation as in
other gentle Purges.

XIII. The Compound Decoflion in Wine Water
Early Broth, Cbtkeil Broth, Whey, Meitd , 0 i
Homed Water. Take Polypody cleanfed and Brut-
Jed, from half an Ounce to an Ounce or Something
more: Alexandrian Sena from a Dram to 2 Drams-
Amfeeds, Caramaies, Coriander Seed, Sweet Pennil
Seed, Ginger, all bruifed, of each a Dram • Cloves
flit a Scruple: Wine, Water , or Broth, 8tc. a
Sufficient quantity Boil gently with a fmmering
Heat , for almoji half an Hour, then firain out
thro a plannel Bag, which Du/cifie with Syrup of
I tolets , or of Citron Peels, for one Dofe. It admi-
rably Purges Melancholy, opens the Spleen and
expels the malign Hypochondriack Humor: it pre-
vails againft Frenfies, and radically cures the molt
profound Madnefs, whether it be raging or other-
wife, provided it be ufed alternately with Opiates
as with my Laudanum Volatile , Laudanum Specfil
cum, or my Giuu Vitae, &c. But the purging
with this Decoflion ought to be repeated 6 8 or
10 times, or more, as the exigency, or neceffiryof
the Difeafe may require. It carries off the Caufe
or the Colick, as alfo of the Gout, gives relief in
Obftruflions of the Spleen, Aithmas,Coughs Colds
Hoarfnefs , fhortnefs of Breath , Wheezing , i flei
And being continued for fome time, is an excellent
thmg for the fpeedy proffigating of Agues : and had
all the V irtues of the pimple Decoflion with great
advantage, becaufe it more powerfully caftitS off
the Morbifack Matter, or offending Humor.

- a,.The P?“isr ,he R°ot- Being taken
in the Morning Faffing, from a Dram to 2 Drams
m a Glafs of Mead, or Honyed Water, it moves
the Beily and Works gently, and is profitable
againft all the Difeafes, for which1 the Simple or
5 ^ 2 Compound

884 Salmons

Compound Decbttions are given * tho’ I think the
latter ot them to be the better Medicine , becaule
Polypody of its fell is a very weak Purge, and fo
weak, that in feme Conftitutions it will nbt work
at all;

XV. The C at apl af m. It is made of the frejh
‘Toots beat final l and mixt with Honeys or of the
Tender thereof mixed with Honey. Being apply-
ed to Diflocations, it Strengthens and Confirms the
Joints, Tendons, fife. Applyed to the Polypus of
the Nofe, (which fometimes grows fb big as to
flop the Noltril up) it is Paid to cure ir. It cures
alfo thofe Clifts or Chaps , which fometimes hap-
pen between the Fingers of the Hands, or Toes of
the Feet, as alfo thofe coming in the very Funda-
ment.

. XVI. The Difl tiled Water, from both Roots and
Leaves. It is much commended for the Cure of
the Quartan Ague, being taken many Days toge-
ther ; as alfo againft Melancholy , or fearful or
troublefome Dreams. If it be dulcified with Sugar
Candy, it is good againft all the difaffeftiens of
the Lungs, as Althmu’s, Coughs, Colds, fhortnefs
of Breath, Hoarfnefs, Wheezing, and Catarrhs, or
thin Diffillations of Rheum upon the Lungs, which
oftentimes caufes a Confumption, as an Atrophia,
and Confumption of the Lungs. If a Ext Salt
be made of the Herb or Root by Incineration , and
it be added to the Diflil/ed Water , it makes it
more efficacious or powerful to all the purpofes
and intentions aforementioned.

XVII. Mote. It is creditably reported, that if
the Deeoliion of the Roots made with Wine , of the
Roots themfelves , be given to Hogs , that it will
preferve them from the Murrain , by purging away
the poifonous, deleterious or malign Humor,
which caufes it.

POMGRANATE TREE, fee it in Lib. 2.
POMPION, fee Melon, Chap. 482.
POMPION WILD, fee Melon Wild, Chap.

CHAP. DLXXII.

Of POND - WEED.

0 R,

ftlVER-WORt.

0 R,

W A T E R - S P I K E.

i. 'T' H E ' N antes. It is called in Greek, n m-
X cc-iiat.-, ( quafi I him) mb vs vicina: ) and
£•» x<im (quafi Spicata Yontahs.) In Laiine, Po-
tamogeilon , Eontalis , IS Spicata. In Englijh ,
Pond-weed, River- wort, and Water Spike.'

11- The Kinds. Authors give us many Kinds of
Shis Plant , but we fhall deferibe only the four fol-
lowing, as being thofe which are found grow-
ing in our Country, viz. r. Potamogeiton latifoli -
■um majus vulgar e j Yontahs latifolia major vulga-
ris j Our common greater broad Leav’d Pond-
weed. 2. Potamogeiton latifolium minus vulgar e ,
Yontahs latifolia minor vulgaris -, Spicata, latifolia

Herbal* Lib. 1,

minor Lobelij -, The Ieflbr broad Leav’d Pond-weed.
- Potamogeiton Anguflifoliim majus, Yonta/is longi-
folia major -, The greater long or narrow Leav’d
Pond-weed. 4. Potamogeiton longifolium minus ;
Potamogeiton foliis longis a: lit is ; Yontahs longifolia
minor, Potamogeiton alteram Dodomri ; The lefftr
long Leav’d Pond-weed , or Long fharp Leav d
Pondweed.

1 he Descriptions,

II}. T he firjl , or Our common greater broad
Leav’d Pond-weed. Its Root creeps too and fro
in the Mud , with feveral Joints and Tufts of Yi-
bres at them, by which they are faftned to their
place of growing. It rifes up with Jeheral [lender
round Si alls, full of Joints and Branches, and fair

Yond-med Iroad Leav'd great.

broad round pointed dark green Leavr, With long
Ribs in them like Plantain, fet fingty at the Joints
and lying flat on the top of the Water. At the
tops of the Staks and Branches , uf tally (more fel-
dom at the lower Joints) come forth long Spiked
Heads , of blujh colored Y lowers upon long foot
Stalks, like unto thofe of Arfmart or Biftort- on
which, after they are paft, come Chaffie Husks con-
taining within them blackifh hard Seed.

IV. The fecond, or Leffer broad Leav’d Pond-
weed. This differs not much from the former
but that it is leffer , being the third Species of Do’
donaius his Potamogeiton. Its Root is Yibrous
and throughly faffned, as the other is. It [hoots
forth into many J. lender and round Stems , -which
are divided or fpread out into feveral Branch-
es. The Leaves are pretty broad, long and fharp
pointed , with Ribs running along the length of the
Leaf, but they are much lefs than the frit , or for-
mer Kind. Out of the Bofoms of the' Branches and

Leaves ,

Chap, 572, ‘Englijh Herbs*

88 5

Vmd-voeed broad Leav'd [mall.

Leaves, certain little Stalks fpring forth , which
bear fever al fmall white Moffy Flowers , which turn
into plain and round Seeds not much unlike to the
Common Tare or Vetch.

V. The third , or Greater long or narrow Leav’d
Pondweed. Its Root is long, jointed , and Fibrous.
It has alfo longer , narrower , and Jharper pointed
Leaves, than thofe loft defcribed , having the Veins
running from the middle T^ip , to the fides of the
Leaves, as in a Willow Leaf, which they fomething
refemble. At the Tops of the Stalks, grow reddijb
Spikes or Ears, like thofe in the firft defcribed, in
fame more wbitijh-, in others of fair blujh color.

VI. The fourth, or LelFer long Leav’d Pond-Weed ■

or Long (harp Leav’d Pond-weed. It has a pretty
thick Root (confideringthe magnitude of the Riant)
which is long and full of Joints , with many fmall
f ibres at each Joint , which Soot runs along under
the furf ace of the Mud, and creeping in the bottom
of the Water. From the Joints of this Root fpring
up fender , jointed , and long. Stalks, f mai-
ler below, and larger above, having upon them,
and fpringing from their various Joints , and
ends of their Stalks or Branches , long, narrow
and very ftiff, Jharp pointed Leaves. The Flow-
ers grow :n a reddijh Spike, like thofe in the firti
TJefcribed. J

VII. The Places. Thefe Plants grow in Standing
Waters, Pools, Ponds, and Watery Ditches, almoft
every where in our Land : The two firft are the
moft frequent to be met with $ the two latter
are more rare , and to be feen but in few places
with us.

VIII. The Times. Gerard fays , They Flower
m June mi July: But Parkinfon fays, That they
fhew their Flowers in the end of Autuft, feidom
fooner.

jn the firft Degree 6 and Galtn fays, it cools and
Effence33 d°<* > : V ofTthicker

Vuberary/and ArthrilEk!' ’ A,’°dyn’ C°“’
X. The Specification. It flops Fluxes, cafes the
Belly-ach, is good again!! Anthonies Fire, alFwages
M martens, glves prefent eafe in the £ou age]

heals old tunmng Sores and U!c*s.

from , a rVreP.Y°,i.°ns ■ You may make there-
" ’ A Lwiijmce orEffence. 2. A DecoSi.

An nuA PouJer °f the Leaves and Heads. 4,
An Ointment, j. A Cataplafm. 4

The Virtues,

vo f fC. EJfence.

Fluxes of ’ the’ tS gri‘PingS ’ ,“d ft°Ps a11 r°i?ts of
fluxes ot the Bowels: and being Bathed there-

lt!* flood tq help Itches, Ulcers, old turning

fions ’ ZthoT F S CafeIS' Ir aUa>'s Mana*

uons, Anthonies Fire, and is good againft Freckles
Turning , Sunburning , Pimples and heat of the

the he« inS J*r

hastin' J!ie'v?Uier °fche Uaves ani Vcaie. It
has all the Virtues of the Juice and ElTence a

Ninht ih f tlmqbeing,SiDen >5wardly Morning and
Night ih fome Stypnck Red Wine. Outwardly be

ing ftrewed upon old running Sores and Ulcers it
is laid to flop the Fluxion, cleanfe, dry and heal
them and this it more effeflually does if his

Sores and old Ulcers in the Legs, difeuffes Pimnl f
and other breakings out in the Face and Skin. P C
XVI. The Cataplafm made of the Leaves or

OVand Vd R°°‘S' feing b* h'J'nS ‘hem with
Oil and Vinegar, and applyed to places pained w h

the Gout it gives prefent eafef and niadeZhh
Honey and Vinegar , and applyed, it heals old run
mng Sores and foul Ulcels in (he Legs or othrt

Knme ’"“av^ A0' !t is fai^ t0 diflolve

ofTe Body * *** ^ and oth« places

CHAP. DLXXIIl.

°f POPPY Garden.

P X 'm-'E M tailed in Greek

rJVehT’ot KwA Thef0 are four principal Species
of this Plant, viz. 1. X»P wTS

CMas^pT eirabiei, Thaythay,&

Cafchas; Papaver Hortenfe, vel fativumf Garden
Poppy, of which m this Chapter. 2. HbunjuJ,
Papaver Rheas vel erraticum, vel Sylveflre, ve’l

Rubrum,

886 Salmons

R ubrum, The Wild Poppy, of which in Chap. 574.
g. Mwcftw xA&tmK » Almachatram Arabic c • Papaver
Cor nicu Lit um , w/ Cor nut ion, The Horned Poppy ,
of Which in Chap. 57 4. Maxtor dpftSJ'n'f , Papa-
ver Spumeum , Spattling Poppy, of which in Chap.
$-]6. following.

III. Tbe Kinds of the Garden Species. There

are many forts of this Species, but the following
are chiefs viz. tevnflt Papaver album fati-

vum fimplex , The fingle white Garden Poppy.
2. Papaver nigrum Jativum fimplex , The fingle
black Garden Poppy. %. PapaAer rubrum Jativum
fimplex, Papaver Wore rubro , vel rubente Jativum
l Implex , The fingle red Garden Poppy. 4. Papa-
ver album multiplex , The double white Garden
Poppy. 7. Papaver rubefcens multiplex , The
double red or blufh Poppy. 6. Papaver nigrum
multiplex , yit'o pur pur cum multiplex , The double
friurry or purple Poppy. 7. Papaver Rhteas Flore
multiplier. The double red or Corn Poppy. 8. Pa-
paver Spinofum , The Thorny Poppy.

Tie Defcnptiotis.

IV. The firft or Single white Gatden Poppy.

// Roo/ which is white and woody , which

perijhes as foon as it has given ripe Seed. This
Jprings up firji with four or Jive whitifh green
Leaves , lying upon the Ground , which rife with
the Stalk , encdmpajfing it at their bottoms , and are
very large , ox we// br<W ox /or£, w/vcb re#/ or'
torn in on the edges , and dented alfo befid'es. The
Stalk , which for the mofi part is but one , and fame -

Toppy Garden fingle white.

times three , or four Feet, or more high , box /o/ro-
tmiet no Branches at the top , but ufually but two
or three , which are the nioft -, each of which bears
one Head , wrapped or folded in a thin Filme or
Skin , which bows down before it is ready to blow ,

Herbal * Lib. L

Mlt ‘p” riftng ‘"“l being broken , the flower which
was folded within it,fpreads it felf open, aniconjifis
0} Jour very large white round Leaves , with many
whitijh roundThreads inthe middle. Jet about a f mall
round green Chaplet or Head, having a Crown , or
Star-like Cover on its top, which Head growing
ripe, becomes as great as a large Apple. Bellonius
Jays, That in Natolia, ( where they make Opium )
the Heads are fo large, that they will hold half
a Pint. In the/e Heads are contained great num-
bers of white Jmall round Seed, in feveral Parti-
tions or Dmijions, next unto the Shell, the middle
thereof, remaining hollow and empty. This Head
keeps clofe, and opens not at top under the Crown
as all the black Kinds for the tnoff part do. Alt
the whole Plant , Stalks Leaves and Heads mbit It
they are f reft, young, and green, yield a Milk, or
milky Juice when they are broken, which is of an
unpleafant bitter Tajle, which naufeates the Sto-
mach almafi to Vomiting, and of a flrong heady
Smell, which being condenfatc is called either Opi-
um or Meconium. Of this white Kind, there is
another in all things like unto' it, but that the
Flowers, and efpecially the Heads of Seed , are not
Jo great by the half, and for the rneft part has more
Branches upon the Stalks-, its Seed is as white as
the other, and full as large or great.

V. The fecond, or Single black Garden Poppy.
Its Root is like to the former , and. there is but little
difference to be feen between this end that , until it

Toppy Garden fingle Hack.

comes to Flowering', for that the Flowers of this are
fomewhat lefs, and of a blackifh purple color, with-
out any purple Spots in the bottom of the Leaf as
in the next. The Heads of Seed are commonly not
fo large , as the fecond fort of white Ones before
mentioned > and opens it felj a little , round about
the top , under the Crown, fo that the Seed which is

very

Chapo 57 Englijh Herbs .

887

very black , «»// fall out , if the Head thereof be
turned downwards .

VI. T&ff thirds or Single red Garden Poppy.
T/;A Poppy W various Species , with refpetf to the
Variable colors of the flowers, yet they differ not
from the former , but only fomething in the Leaves ,
/fo/i? being leffer, and in fome- ckumpled, and cut
in or jagged on the edges •, but in the jagged edges
alfo of fome of the flowers, and efpecially in the
colors of the flower and Seed : for the flowers of
fome of them will be very red-, of others paler-,
feme of a Rofe color ; others of a murry color.

Poppy Garden [ingle Red .

either deeper , or paler yet all of them have a
deeper Spot, fomewhat large, in the bottom of every
Leaf And as the flower varies, fo does the Seed
alfo -, for the Rofe and pale colored flower brings
gray or Afh colored Seed :, the reddifh and deep
murry, not fo pale Seed, but more inclining to
black . The Seeds of all thefe Kinds , the white as
well as the black or gray, if they be juffered to
Shed, will fpriiig up again the next Tear, and bear
every Kind, its own color of flower and Seed, with-
out the leaf degeneration or varying of their forms
or appearances, unlefs by meer accident.

VII. The fourth , or Double white Garden Pop-
py. Its Root is hard, woody , long ^ and perijhir.g
every Tear, and muff be new Sown every Spring,
if they do not fpriiig up of their own Sowing, which
if they do , the flowers are feldom fo fair and
double, as they which are Sown in the Spring. It
has divers broad and long whitifh green Leaves,
giving Milk, ( as all the reft of the Riant above
Ground does , wberefoever it is broken 'or cut.)
Thefe Leaves are very much rent or torn on the
edges or ffdes, and notched or indented befides, en-
compajfing at their bottoms, a hard, round, brittle,
whit ijh green Stalk, Branched towards the top, each
Branch bearing^one fair, large, great flower, which
before it breaks out , is contained within a thin
Skin , and being blown open, is very thick of Leaves,

and very double, fomething jagged at the ends, and
oj a whitifh color. In the middle of which Hands
around Head or Bowl, with a ftriped Croton or
Lover on its Head, very like a Star, compared
about with fome Threads 5 in which, when it is
?ipe is contained , in fever al Cells or Partitions
fmall, round, white Seed. The whole Plant is of
a ft rang heady fmell.

VIII. The fifth, or Double red or blufh Poppy.’
I his Kind of double Poppy, differs not in any other
thing from the former, but only in the color of the
flowers, which are of a bright red, tending to it
blufh color, parted, and ft ripe d in many places
with white, and exceedingly more jagged than the
former, almoft like a feather at the ends, the bot-
toms of all the Leaves being white. The Seed here-
of is white as the former, which is not fo in any
other Poppy, which bears not a full white flower.

IX. The fixth. Double- murry or purple Poppy.
This Kind varies both in flowers and Sepd -, altho*
neither in Leaves, or any other thing from the
fir ft- The flowers are thick and double, and jag-
ged al the ends, in fome more, in fome lefs$

loppy Garden double white ,

Sect. VII.

Poppy Garden double black *

Sed. IX-

either red, or blufh , or purplifh red, more or lefs ■,
or of a fad murry, or tawney color -, with brown, or
black, or tawney Buttons . The Seed is either of a
grayifh blew color , or (as in ome Plants) more
blackifh.

X. The feventh , Double red, or double Corn
Poppy. This double Poppy is like to the Wild or Field
Poppy, which is well known to all. It has longer i
narrower, and more jagged green Leaves than the

former

888 SalmonV TIerhaL Lib. I.

former Kinds-, the Stalks are more hairy , and the
P lower of a deep ye/lowijh red color. Koto this differs
nothing from the Corn Poppy , but in the dupli-
city of the Flower, which is very thick and double ,
but not full out fo large as the former. This rife s
from Seed in the like manner at they do, and is fo
to be preferved.

XI. The eighth , or Thorny Poppy. Its Root is
fmall and fpr ending, dying every Tear. It rifes up
at frji with three or more whitifh green heaves
lying on the Ground, freaked with white Feins,
which growing greater, are long, fmootb , and not
hairy-, sfomething long and broad, and diverjly rent
or torn on the edges, but not to the middle Rib,
having many Corners or Dents as it were about them,
at which Jiand jtiany fharp Prickles or Thorns, not
having any white Streaks or Veins on- the under
fide , but in the white milky Veins, are like to that
which zee call Oijr Lady^_Thiltle, and on the under
fide are .more whitifh ,' with feme fmall Trickles,
along ftp middle Rib and Veins , encompajjing the
Stalk at their bottoms, which Stalk rifes fometimes
two or three Feet high, spreading it J elf forth into
feveral Branches , with the like but leffer Leaves
on them , and bearing at every of the Tops one
fmall head, enclofei in a rough Skin or Film, -like
as the Poppies have , which opening , Jbews forth
a fmall yellow Flamer , confifiing ttfuaUy of five
Leaves, yet fometimes having but four , andfome-
times'qg^jn fi\ with a fmall , long, green, prickly
head injhe nttid/c, tip'd at the lop with a red Spot,
•which qiiftkly vicars away , and with many yellow
Threads funding about it. After the Flower is
fafl, (for it continues but a while ) the Head grows
ripe, having five or fix Ribs from the top to the
bottom , and fo likewife between the Ribs , armed
with very fmall , but cruel fharp Jhort Trickles,
in which is enclofed, rough round black Seed, twice
as large as any Poppy Seed. Every part of the
Plant yields a yellow Juice.

XII. The Places. The firft three, or four Jingle
Flowered Kinds grow not Wild in any place, that
I know of, but are Planted and Nurlt up in En-
clofures, for the general good they do to Mankind.
The Natire place of the four double Kinds are un-
known, but we have had them for a long time in
our Gardens ; and it is faid that they came firft
from Conftantinople, or out of Turky. The eighth
or Thorny Poppy, has been found growing in Flo-
rida, and other parts of the Weft Indies, from
whence the Seed was firft brought to us.

XIII. The Times. The firft 7 or 8 Garden
Kinds, do all flower from the beginning of June,
until the middle or end of July, according as the
Seafon may be-, but if they fpring up^.fK thrij,
own Sowing , they may Flower fomewhat jfe
earlier, vik. in May, or end thereof*: ajrfTlfcin ‘
Heads of Seed are commonly ripe in Jay qx At/I
guft.' The Tbtfy- Kind feldom Flowers before
Midfummer , and' the Seed is ripe in Auguft-, it is
10 be Sown in Autumn , elfe it fcarcely fprings
up.

XIV. The Qualities. Poppy is hot and dry in the
fecond Degree , or rather in the third : Aftringent,
Anodyn, Narcotick, Cephalick, Splenetick, Ar-
thritick, Antiemmenagogick, Sudorifick, andAnti-
cathartick.

XV. The Specification. Poppy (in its feveral
Preparations) is effeftual for the Cure of Afthma’s,
Coughs, Colds, Confumptions , Pleurifies, Pains
and Stitches in the Sides, Spleen, Womb, Reins,
and Bladder-, Vapors, Hylterick Firs, Colick, Gri-
pingsof the Guts, Stone and Gravel in the Urinary
parts ; all Fluxes of the Bowels, as, Diarrhara,
Dyfenteria, Lyenteria, and Hepatick Flux; all

Fluxes of Blood, by the Nofe, Mouth, (as Spit-
ting and Vomiting Blood) Secret parts (as Piffing
Blood, overflovting of the Terms, &c.) of Fun-
dament, (as the ! hemorrhoids, Bloody Flux tsfc )
bleeding of Green Wounds, Fluxes' of Humors
to Wounds, old Sores, Ulcers, Fiftula’s, Joints
or any other parts, tfc. Gouts in Arms, Hands’
Fingers, Hips, Knees, Ankles, Feet, Toes, Rheu-
matifms, &c.

XVI. The Preparations. They are almoft in-
numerable, thefe following, as moft Material we
‘MU Entreat of in their Order, viz. 1. A Liquid
Juice of the Leaves, Flowers, and Heads. 2. An
Ejjence of the fame. 9. A DecoSion of Leaves and
green Heads. 4. A DecoSion of the black Seed.
5. A DecoSion of the Shells of the Heads 6
A Ponder of the Seed. 7. An Emu/fwn of the
Seed. 8. An Oil of the Seed by Exprejfion. q.
Syrupus de Papavere^ magis compofitus. 10. Syru-
ptts Papaveris a/bi U ttigri minus compofitus. n.
Syrupus Narcoticm. 12. Syrupus de Meconio,
Syrup of Juice of Poppies, 13. Diacoditm Li-
qutdum aliud. 14. Diacoiium Crocatum Myn-
fichti. 15. Diaccdiutn Monlani. 16. Diacodi-
um folidum. 17. Diafcordium. 18. Philon'mm
Per fie urn, 1 0. Philonium Romanum. 20. Philo -

mum Magi ft rale. 21. Philonium Taracenfe Gale-
m. 22. Oil by Infufion. 23. Anointment. 24. A
Catap/afin. 2J. White Poppy Water. 26. Black
Poppy Water. 27. Spirit of White Poppies. 28.
Meconium, The In/uiffate Juice. 29. Opium
The Tears of the Poppy Heads. 30. ExtraSum
Opij. 31. PulvisOpij. 3 2. TinSura Opij fimplex.
Simple TinSurc of Opium. 33. TinSura Opij
compefita. 34. TinSura Opij Parace/p. 35.
TinSura Opij Scheferi. 36. SpiritusOpij. 37. Lau-
danum of Helmut. 3 8. Laudanum Helmontij aliud.

39. Laudanum SpccificumP aracelft & aliud equfdem.

40. Laudanum Loniinenfe. 41. Nepenthes Opia-
tum. 42. Requies Nicolai. 43. Theriaca Londi-
nenfis Salmoniana. 44. Our Specifick Laudanum.
47. Our Volatile Laudanum. 4 6. Our Cal hart ick
Laudanum. 47. Our Gutta Vihe. 48. Lauda-
num Opiatum Hartmanni. 49. Pilule de Cynogloffo
Opiate Pills of Hounds Tongue. 50. Pilule
de Styrace , Opiate Pills 'of Storax. 51. Ex-
traSum Florum 01 Capitum Papaveris: German
Opium.

the Virtues.

XVII. The Liquid Juice. If is Medicamentum
Anodynum, giving ptefent eale in any pains in
what part of the Body foever, by bathing the
parts afflicted therewith warm, two or three times
a Day; and bathing the Head, Forehead, and
Temples therewith, it eafes the Head-ach, and
caufes Sleep and Reft : the fame it does , if a
Rofe Cake be dipped thefeifi, and fo bound on up-
on the Forehead and Temples, and lo it flops
Catarrhs, and Fluxes of Rheum falling- upon the
Eyes, Nofe, Palate, Tonfils, Jaws, Teeth, (Sc.
Applyed upon Ignis facer or Anthonies Fire, it allays"
the Inflamation, eafes the pain, difeufles the Tu-
mor, and quickly cures the Idifeafe , more elpe-
cially if it be mixt with a little White Wine
Vinegar.

X\ III. The Effettce. It has all the Virtues of
the Liquid Juice above named , befides which
being dropt into the Eyes, ot bathed upon the
Forehead, Temples, and Eye Lids, it cools the In-,
flamation. Stops the Flux of Humors, eafes the
Pain, and (Lengthens the weakned part. The

parts

Chip. 573. Englijb Herbs.

889

parts afflifted with the Gout being well bathed Burning Fevers, both to affwage Third and procure
therewith , and Linnen Cloth fix or eight times Reft : and no doubt, it has a good Property in ir
double being dipt therein and applyed, it tales to procure Reft and Sleep ’

tlie pain, cools the Inflamatioh, it any be; flops-1 XXIV. The Oil of the Seed by ExprefRon This
the Flux of Humors to the parr, and in a (hort Oil we have (hewn before in Sell ->•> The Peo-
time Cures it. Held in the Mouth, it Cures the pie of Auftria and Stirig Ear as others Eat Sal

Tooth-ach upon the Spot. Barhed upon fore, hard,
inflamed and pained Breafts , it foftens ,
and eafes their pain almoft in a Momenr;

XIX. The Decoction oj the Leave t and green
Heads. It has all the Virtues' of the Juice and
Ejjence , but nothing near fo powerful. Given in-
wardly 3 or 4 Spoonfuls ar a time , more or lefs,
it is found to flop Catarrhs , and Vehement
Coughs, give reft and eafe, and caufe Sleep, and
prevail againlt pains of the Stone and Gravel,
to ftop Fluxes of the Belly , and overflowing of
the Terms.

XX. The Decoction oj the black Seed in Wine.
Being drank, it eafes inward pains of the Bowels,
itops all Fluxes of the Belly, as Diarrhea, Dy-
fenteria, Lienteria, and Hepatick Flux, as alfo the
overflowing of the Courfes in Women: and out-
wardly bathed upon any place pained with the
Gout, or Defiuxion of Humors, it eafes the pain
and repercufles the Humor : held in the Mouth,
and repeated for fome time, it has been found to
give eafe and relief in the Tooth-ach.

XXI. The De coition oj the Shells of the Heads
in Water. The Empty Shells of the Poppy-Heads,
are ufually Boiled in Watery the Decollion of
which is given to 2, 3 or 4 Ounces to pro-
cure Reft and Sleep ^ fo alfo if the Head and
Temples be bathed therewith warm, for fome con-
fiderable time.

XXII. The Pouder of the Seed. Diofcorides ,
Galen , and others write that the Seed is famili-
arly eaten in Bread * and made into Ca!

I Ict Otf and therefore without doubt, it can have
cools , j no dangerous effefts. It is good againft Hoarfnefs,
u heezing, and lols of Voice, being taken inward-
ly-, and lb taken mixt with Syrup 'of Clove-gflli*
flowers , of Citron Peels , or of Violets , it prevails
againft vehement Coughing, and Ihortnefs of
breath, Afthma’s, Lfc. outwardly anointed upon
any part, it coblss Infiamations, eafes**pajn, and
takes away rednefs and Pimples in the Face and
Skin.. * w ' *

XXV. Syrupus dc Papavere mag is compofitus:
byrup of Poppies the greater Compofition. Take
t!)c Heads of White and Blapk Poppies , with •
their Seed, whilfi green, of each 6 Ounces \ Maiden -
hair 1 5 Ounces Jujubes A° 3 0 5 Lett ice Seeds 5
Ounces -, Seeds of Mallows and Quinces (tyed up in

) °j each a Dram and half-, fair Water a
&illon -, Boil all according to Art, and drain out j
t0mee ^oun^ °f which, put Clarified, or double
Refined Sugar 2 Pounds, and make a Syrup accord-
of !°-Art‘ Ic is §ood aSjinIt Coughs, Catarrhs,
rhthi licks, Confumptions, “aH forts of Fluxes,
Pleurifies, eafes all manner of pains, giving Reft
and Sleep. Dole from 1 Ounce to 2.

XXVI. Syrupus Pa paver is albi (J nigri minus •'

compofitus. Syrup of Poppies the.lefler Compofition.
fake Heads of White and Black Poppies , whilfi
both are green^ Ounces -, Seeds of Lett ice

ikes.

witl

and Violets, op eat
Boil them till m

I Ounce-, fair Water a Gallon ;
' ■tue is out of the Heads, then

lili- Jl rain out-, and witblioub/e Refined Sugar 4 Pounds
and i make a Syrup's The Virtues of this "are the fame

eaten with pleafure. And Matthiolus vfith fe- j with the former, and it may be given in the fame
veral others have ohferved, that in our Days the Dole: It is an excellent thing againft pains and
Hhtte Poppy Seed is Sown m Italy and other 'flitches, of the Sides, pains of the Spleen and
places, and much ufed ; yea, and the Black Pop- Gripings of the Guts. ’

py Seed alfo, which they all agree, is Jlronger "

in Operation , and only Medicinable , or only to
be ufed in Pbyfick for tbe Cure of Difeafes :

This Black Poppy Seed Matthiolus fays, that the
Inhabitants about Trent, do Sow in their Fields,
and Grounds , among Beans and other Pulfe ,
which they familiarly Eat , being made up with
Wheat Flower into Cakes, the Seed being caft into
the fame and fo kneaded together •, and yet he fays,
they are not at all the more Sleepy or Droufy, than
thofe who Eat none of them. As alfo. That in
Stiria, and the Upper Auftria, the Inhabitants do
Eat the Expreffed Oil out of the Black Seed, fami-
liarly in their Meats inflead of Sallee Oil, and find
no inconveniency or drowfmefs to come upon them
thereby. And hereby he fays, That he (hook off
the Fears of the danger of Pappy, which his Wife
Mailers had , by their grave Admonitions feafoned
him withall in former times. The Pouder of the
Seed, whether of the White or Black Poppy, being
given from io Grains to a Scruple, or half a Dram,
according to the Age, and llrength of the Patient,
in any proper Syrup, is good to ftop Fluxes of the
Belly, and eafe the pains of the Spleen; as alfo to
procure Rett and Sleep, being given ar Bed-time,
tho’ it had no fuch operation being eaten made up
into Bread or Cakes, becaufe (as I luppofe) it
might 1b taken, want of its due Dofe.

XXIII. The Emulfwn of the Seed. Matthiolus
fays, That the Emutfwn, or Milk of the Seed, ( I
fuppofe of either White or Black Poppy ) made
with Barly Water, he had oftenimes given, and in
great quantity , in the ljot Fits of Agues , andin

XXVII. Syrupus A arcoticus Gregorij HorRij
Horfttus his Syrup eafing Pain. Take Syrup of
Com Poppies 1 6 Ounces-, Laudanum Opiatum a
Dram-, Diffo/ve the Laudanum in White Poppy
Water 8 Ounces -, and mix them well together.
It has all the Virtues of the former Syrups of Pop-
pies, and gives prefent eafe in the Colick, Gour
and Stone ; but it is moil commonly ufed in Vehe-. •
ment and ftrong Pains of the Head, for which
purpofe, it was often ufed by the Author thereof
being powerful for that intention : Dofe from half
an Ounce, to one Ounce or Ounce and half

XXVIII. Syrupus de Meconio five Diacodium
Liqutdum , Syrup of Meconium, or of Condenfed
Juice of jpijppies. Take Heads of White Poppies
gathcrecjffujl after the flowers are fallen off, and
kept three Days apart , 8 Ounces: Heads of Black
Poppies with the Seeds gathered in like manner
6 Ounces ; Spring Water a Gallon : digeli 24 Hours !
then boil a little with a fmmering Beat, and gently
prefs out the Juice, which afterwards boil to a
Pints-, and with 2 Pounds of double Relined Sugar
make a Syrup according to Art. It is Hypnotick’
Narcotick and'.jPefloral, good againft Difeafes of
the Breft, Lungs, and Bowels, Coughs Colds
Hoarfnefs, Ailhma, Colick, Pleurify, Coempti-
ons, and flops all forts of Fluxes of the Bowels
and the overflowing of the Terms in Women!
Dofe 1 Ounce more or lefs, according to Age and
orher accidents.

XXIX. Diacodium Licpuidum aliud, Jeu Syrupus
Hamoptoicus, Another Liquid Diacodium, or Syrup
01 Foppies. Take Heads and Seeds oj While and
5 X black

8go

SalmonV Herbah Lib. L

Black Poppies , vohilft green , of each 8 Ounces •,
5 p.mijk Juice of Liquorice l) ruffe cl 2 Ounces an. I
half fair Spring Water a Gallon •, cut rail the
linllure out of the Juice , i/t *z Balneo , 4S

hours , /e.7 ;7 co' l and fettle well *, then decant the
clear , and put it to the Poppy Heads , toith a

(immering Heat , then prefs out the Juice , evapo-
rate again till it comes to about 2 quarts , w/7/’

2 Pounds of double Refined Sugars, boil it to the
Confifiency of a Syrup . It gives eafe in pains, and
caufes Kelt and Sleep it (tops Votniting, and all
manner of Fluxqs ol the Bellyver Fluxes of Hu-
mors, Catarrhs, Cpughs, Spitting.' and Pifling
Blood, £?V. It gate cafe in the:Colick, Gout and
Stone, and pr5vaft^ga'mlt ^Althmas*, Pleurifies,
pains and Stitche^Mi^the Sides, ‘Dole 1 Ounce
in any proper Venid'e.

XXX. Diacodium Lrccatum Mynfichti , Diacodi-
iim with Saffron. T<r& white Poppy Heads , with
the Seeds , vohilft green , N° 21-, K-/ F/£j, D*/«.
Sebefiens , of N° 1 2 ^ Pzz//> 0/ Sweet Carobs ,
Liquorice rafped of each l Ounces-, Seeds of Cotton.

of Althsea
Hewers of

tr

Spring Wo
L/f ‘Liquor add
make

end ofuhbicl
py Flower .

ExtraA oj

all to tlfi. ‘tiveknefs
with Gallia Mofchata.

QuincesutffOfi each half an Ounce
' '■ pf ]\ up weed, of Violets , oj

" "p?/ {quantity oj

0 the'' firained
half, part', and,
towards the "

tf : ~ ' „
oj?. ^

tewc bon
aromatizing it
Jfs an excdlentthing in
all hot' Catarrhs, where the Huino^. is thirl, Jhurp.
and Salt, in a Vehement and conpinualCough, a
is a Secret It thickens Kheu$, csufes--£xpc£tor»-.;;
tion, quenches Thirft, mitigates the extremity ot
heat and burning , cools and moiftens, and gives
Kelt and Sleep.- “it is prevalent againlt the moB
acute pains, chiefly thoie of -the lleins and Bowels,
as Stone, Gravel. Colick, and Gripings of the
GuiSj it gives ealp in the Pleurify, and Baltard
Pi- erifie; and is profitable againlt alt Cholerick
Fluxes and other F fufo of the Belly. Dofe from
a Spoontul to. two Spoonfuls ot more. ,

■ XXXI. PMColnm lAontam, oltoaTOjhfeSyrup
of Poppies. Take green heads of White Poppies
with the Seed , N° 20; Pulp of ripe Carobs 3
Ounces -, Althea Roots , or rather Myrtle Berries,
Liquorice rafped, of each 2 Ounces , fountain Water
6 Stuart! ; mix and boil the Water away till it comes
to 3 Pints, then fir am out by ExpreJJion-, and
firain again, and with Sugar of Rofes 1 Pound,
boil it to the thickttefs of a Syrup , or of A etc
Henry. It has all the Virtues of the former, yer
by Tome not thought fo powerful: however ir is
very profitable in ail thin, and (harp Rheums, and
other Difeafes of the Lungs, and ufpcmhArleha-,
it takes away the Vehemency of Coughing, and
caufes Keif- for which effefls it was highly
celebrated *bv Mont, mm. 1 have here Subllituted
Myrtle Berries , inltead of Althea Roots, becaufe
the former make the Preparation more fragrant and
grateful , and I judge the Myrtfe Berries to
full as efficacious. - m.

XXXII. Diacodium So/idum Tabulation ,
Diacodium Solid or made into rozenges. Take
white Poppy heads , meanly ripe, and newly gather-
ed N° 20 , fieep them in Spring Water warmed 3
Pints the next Day boil till the Virtue is out , then
firain out the Liquor , and with a fufficient quanti-
ty of fine Sugar boil again according to Art, to
fuch a Confifiency as it may be made up into Lozen-
ges. This Diacodium thickens and ltops Catarrhs,
helps Coughs, rotighnefs and forenefs of the Wind-

Pipe, caufes Keif and Sleep, and eafes all forts of
Pains; you may cany rhele Lozenges in a Box in
your Pocket, and Eat them as you fee occafion.

XXXIII. Diafiordiunt, Conteftiori of Scordium.
Take Scordium an Ounce -, Cinnamon, Cajjia Jignea ,
Dittany of Crcct, Tormentil, Brflort, Gentian , Ga.~
banum , Gum Arabick , Earth of Lemnos, Storax
Calamita, of each half an Ounce ; fine Bole an Gun, e
and half -, Long Pepper, Ginger , of each 2 Drams ,
Opium, Sorrel Seeds, of each a Dram and half -,
Clarified Honey 2 Pounds and a half ; Sugar of Rofes
a Pound-, Canary 8 Ounces-, mix and make an
Elethiary according to Art. It is an excellent
thing againlt Plague, Poifon, Bitings of Serpents,
and of Mad Dogs, and all malign Fevers: it ftops|a
Loofnefs, and all forts of Fluxes of the Belly, Vo-
miting, Catarrhs, defluffions of Rheum and Coughs,
is good againlt Watchings, all manner of Pains in
any part of the Body, and the Whites in Women,
it ftrengthens the Heart, revives the Spirits, recre-
ates the natural Powers, gives relief in Pleurifies,
and relfores in Confumpiions. To Infants and
Children you may lately give from to Grains to
a Scruple -, to elder Perfona from half a Dram to
2 Drams, or more as the neceffity may require.

XXXIV. Pbilonium Perjicttm , a Perfutn Con-
feft caufing Reft and Sleep. Take white Pepper,
white henbane Seed , of each 4 Ounces ; Opium,
PetL&Latmia, of each 2 Ounces ; Blood Stone pre-
- dfSS&ien, of each t Ounce ; Cbjloreum, Indi-
nard. P-uxclhruns. Pearls. Amber, Zedo •
iry, ~ t ‘ Rai/nch, of each r Dram

and 12 Grains-, Cam phi r 24. Grains-, beft hony of
Rofes the triple weight of all , viz. 4; Ounces ; mix
and make an EleSuary according to Art. Of this
■Compofition the one thirtieth part is Opium. Ic
•Hogs the Flux of the Terms, the Whites, He-
morrhoids, Catarfhs, Bloody Flux, and all other
Fluxes ot the Bowels , Coughs , and Fluxes of
Rheum upon any part, it prevents Mifcarriage,
and eafes all manner of Pains in what part of the
Body foever, as Colick, Pains and Stitches of the
Sides, Pleurifies, Spleen, Wc. In the Augufian
Difpenfalory , there is added, Euphorbium and Do-
ronicum of each in fine Ponder, r Ounce and 48
Grains, which are here left out. Mefue was the
Author of it.

XXXV. Pbilonium Romanum, a Roman Confect
caufing Reft and Sleep. Take white Pepper,
white henbane Seeds, of each 4 Ounces ; Opium 2
Ounces ; Cajjia, Lignea, Cinnamon, of each r Ounce
and half and 8 Grains ; P.»y7y Seed 6 Drams and
20 Grains-, Seeds of Macedonian Par fly, of fennel,
and of Dane us half an Ounce and 30 Grains ;
Saffron 3 Drams 12 Grains-, Indian Spickmtrd,
Pyrethrum, Zedoary, of each r Dram and 30 Grains-,
Myrrh, Caflor, of each 6 Dram and r Scruple ;
Clarified hony, the triple weight of all, viz. 40
Ounces and a half alinofi -, mix and make an Eicclu-
ary according to Art. Of this Compofition, - A part
is purely Opium. In this is left out alto, the Pre-
pared Euphorbium 6 Drams and 1 Scruple. It is
given in the Stone, Strangury, Colick, Pleurify,
Spieen, griping >of the Guts, all forts^of Fluxes,
Gouts,’ Kheumatifms, Coughs, Althma’s, CV. and
has all the Virtues of the former.

XXXVI. Pbilonium Magiflra/e, the Magiftral
Confefl caufing Reft. Take Opium prepared, or A-
queous Extr all of Opium 4 Ounces-, Benjamin, Myrrh,
Mummy, of eacbbalf anOunce-, mthSpiritof Wine
a fufficient quantity , dijjohe and make an Opiate.
The Opium in this will be about i one third
part of the Prefcripr. It has all the Virtues of the
two former, or of any prepared Laudanum, whe-
ther Solid or Liquid, The two former, viz. the

Phib-

Chap. 573. Englijh Herbs.

891

Philonium Pcrficum , and Romanian , may be given
Irom a Scruple to a Dram : this Rhilonium Magi-
fir ale s may be given from a Grain, to 3, 4, or 6,
according to Age, and other Accidents.

XXXVII. Lhilotiium Taracenje Galenic Galem
Confeft eafing Pain. Take Extratt of Opium a
Pound ; labile Pepper , Henbane Seeds , 4/ each 2
Pounds *, Saffron half a Pound ; Euphorbium , Py-
rethrum , Indian Spicknard of each in fine Ponder
an ounce and half ; weight of all ,

ws. almofi 1 8 Pounds i mix , and jnake an Electuary
according to Art. Ir has all the Virtues of the Pfo-
lonium Per ficum Cf, Roman urn ^ aforegoing* and may
be given from a Scruple to a Dram ; the Opium
being a twenty fourth part of the Compofition.
It is indeed a molt Excellent thing, to eafe al!
manner of intolerable Pains in any part of the
Body, chiefly of Stomach, Pleura, Spleen, Guts,
Reins, Womb, Joints, Eke. It helps in Suffocati-
ons, Fits , Stone , Gravel , Heat and Scalding of
the Urine, Coughs, Colds, Eke.

XXXVIII. The Oil by inf u (ion or Info/at ion, or
Boiling. It is made either of the blowers •, or of the
green Heads and Seed ; or of the Leaves and Stalks :
But that made with the Green Heads is the moll
efficacious. It cools Infiamations , repefeufles a
Flux of Humors, it abates the Milk and Pains in
Womens Brealts $ gives eafe in Rheumatifm, Gout
and Sciatica j prevails againft Leprofy, Morphew
and Scurf, and eafes the pain of the Head^being
well anointed upon the grieved parts twice a
Day.

XXXIX. The Ointment of the green Poppy
Heads and Seed. It has all the Virtues of the Oil
in the laft Seflion, and may be applyed to Cancers
which are breeding in Womens Breafts, or in any
other parts; it qualifies the Humor, eafes the Pain,
and if proper Internals be given, in the mean time,
may be of extraordinary Service for that purpofe :
what we fhould propofe to be taken inwardly in
this cafe is our Laudanum Cathartic urn , the De-
feription of which you have in Sell. LXII. follow-
ing.

XL. The Cataplafn. It is made of the green
Heads and Seed , and for want of them of the
green Leaves. Applyed to the Fore-head and
Temples, it gives prefent eafe in the Megrim or
Head-ach ; and is profitably applyed to the Crown
of the Head, (being firft Shaved) in a Delirium
Frenzy, or Madnefs. And it gives prefent eafe be-
ing applyed to the Spleen or Region of the Womb,
or to places pained with the Gout, Rheumatifm, ’
Eke. It cools Infiamations, and hinders the Flux
of Humors to any part.

XLI. Diftilled Water of white Poppies. It is
cooling, and very profitable againft violent Burn-
ing Fevers, to be drank ad libitum , being firft
acuated with Spirit of Sulphur , and then a little
dulcified with double Refined Sugar : It makes alfo
a good Vehicle, for conveying other Preparations
of . Poppies in', whether Diacodiates , Electua-
ries , or Laudana. It is profitable alfo againft
Deliriums and Frenzies, alfo Infiamations in any
part of the Body , whether inward or outward.
And gives Reft to weary Bodies, and pleafant
Sleep.

XLII. Difiilled Water of black Poppies. It is
Drawn from either the Flowers, green Leaves, or
green Heads and Seed. It has the V irtues and Ufes
of the former: mixed with White Wine Vinegar,
and the Forehead and Temples bathed there-
with, it eafes the Megrim and Head-ach, and
caufes Reft and Sleep; and is a peculiar thing to
bath with for the curing of Ignis Sacer , or An-
thonies Eire .

• : c ft"" UJ roppies. it is made

c^ofth. n^.arrf the green Heads and
Seed, or of the whple Plant, as the Spirit of Corn
Perris made. The Virtues is alfo to give eafe
f hhe £° ,lck> ^ .t0 alle™te pains in any part
of the Body. It gives eafe in the Stone and Gra-
vels and is profitable' againft After-pains of Wo-
men m Child-Bed, and with a great deal of plea-
fure induces Sleep. But thefe things it does more
powerfully if you make a TinSura of the flowers
f~ ui ■ >>»■ "

"otkXfhMits.z

XT oTTTVrZlffi;.

■{’ hvf themf or'°f rie Exprejfei Juice
.be whole Slam. 7 his is put info -a proper G/afs

off yfrZ r T? Waters°f°r‘ fare drain
■h/M ,n Mneo or a gentle Sand heat , till
.he Magma ernes to the confifiency of Bony or of
an Extrafl for making Pills , according Tit is L
\ '^'raThlS Magma IS Meconium. If it |s of
the confiftency of Hony, it is then fit to be made
into an Ointment or fofc Emptqfier, which brine

firTsTl3] °Ver th? t0pof the (it beinl

firft Shaded) cures frenzies and Madnefs it felf

tho never fo extream : if applyed to the Sciatica
or places pained with Gout or Rheumadfm
" eafeus Ihe W and Cures tli&i. That which is
brought to the thicknefs of an Extraft
prepared as Opium it (declared iff SBl. 4,5 and 47
following,) before it can beufed inwardly and

TheTl’f TTey' “d 0ther Eaton Countries -
The Thebean Opium is accounted the beft of all’
and after that the Indian. Parkinfon fivs ' ,hl. u
has gathered forne of it ftopi-the green Poppy Heads
ftanding in the Garden , and but half grown tine
here m England The feveral Heads are flit cut’
or Wounded with a Knife, in two or three nlaces

° n-1<5ueJ’ t0-VfIds the lower Par[s of the Head
which then yield a Milky bitter Juice, at firft com-’
mg forth, which is gathered gradually every Day
with fome convenient nftrument ffi a proper Vefl
fels this being dryed in the Sun, (bn? not at the
f ‘rf Jf5°raes lhat Opium, which is brought to us
and which we ule, aud hv its pnHnfi a * ■ ^
turns to the color we fee it of The Queftiol^nnw
is, out of which Kind of Poppy,
whether out of the Heads of th (black Polk l
out of the Heads of the white Poppy >Gerli
fays, that it flows from the Heads of the black
Poppy , and this he Teems to have from Diofari-
des? tor Matrbto/ut in his Epitome, has thefe Words
Opium autem , quod e Papaverum nigrorum Capiti-
bus paratur , mag/s refrigerat inftnfTit firrJtn
And . Mattbiolus in 1 his Comment , appears to b/of
the fame opinion, for fpeaking of th e black Poppy
he fays, Caterum ex incifis Papaverum Capitibul
epos five Succus manat , qui 0piu„\ JElll
addenfatur, ut fern docuit Dmfcondes. But Pak
kmfon will have :uj be the Tears flowing ol
from the white Poppy. The'Milfy Julce (la§
gathered from the Heads onlv of lit ^, 7-

Poppy, „ uSEafi Countries
pt towards Ind v.fc.utb' true an/beftOpYul

V wJlrllbe “fed w Mediants. And our
Learned W,U,s was of this opinion- for fneaW
of Opium, and Diacodium , &c. he’ fays, P/ Jhafl

okofthh lSrP Ce t0d,Cfcribe ,lc wE'te Poppy
tZhTfikhefeaZmaJe, nor ,hc Exirailionof
ihe Opiate Juice. Now byreafonof this diver/-
; x 2

Scjl

Salmon s Herbal.

Lib, L

ty of Opinions among thefe Learned and Great
Men, how (hall we certainly determin, and by
What means (hall we find out the Truth ? Angelas
Sala , a Wife and Learned Man feems to determin
it for us, Anatom. Ejj'cntiarum Vegitabilium .
Sc£L 6. Cap. 2. Opium (dixit ilk) nihil aliud eft,
quant latte us , Of acris ille fuccns , ex Papaveris
albi Of nigri capitibus , exprejjus , Of infpiffat us
ifque apud Turctu latiffimis Natali* Of dliorum Pro-
yinciarum camp is , (Indio excult us , frequent i in
ufu , Ma/lach diClus, ad nos defect ur. From_ thefe
Words I am apt to believe, that it is indifferent-
ly extracted from both the Species.

XLVI. Ext rim um Opii , the Extract of Opium.
It is done feveral ways. * 1. The Extraction with
fair Water. Take Turkey Opium what quantity
you pleafe, fuppofe a Pound, diifolve it in Spring
Water 2 Quarts over a gentle Fire, then let it fet-
tle 24 Hours, and decant the clear Tincture •, add
more Water and over a gentle heat extract again and
let it fettle as before, and decant the Tinflure
again which put to the former : Repeat this
Work of extra&ing, fo long as the Peeces will
yield any Tin&ure; thefe Tin&ures being all
put together, evaporate either in Balneo, ora Sand
heat, to the confiftency of a thick Extract fit for
Pills, or almoft to drynefs, which Magma , keep
for ufe. If to the Tinftures before evaporation
you add Spirit of Wine Vinegar, 3 or 4 Ounces 5
or Oils of Salt, Sulphur, or Virirol 2 or 3 Ounces-,
mixing them well together, and then evaporate,
the Extract will be (6 much the better, and be al-
fo correfted into the bargain. 2. Angel us Sala ,
makes an ExtraH: of Opium thus. Moiften Opium
in dices with Vinegar, and dry it, till it will pouder
with your Fingers, whichPouder diffolve in Vinegar
of Rofes in a Sand heat : Strain out and abftraft *
diffolve it again in ReHified Effence of Elder,
Clarifie it with Whites of Eggs, and infpifiate to
a confiftency fit for Pills. This Sweats powerful-
ly. 3. Ext rad um ■ Opii Qucrcetani. Cut the Opi-
um into dices, and dry them with a moderate heat
in Sand (avoiding the Fumes) till it will rub into
Pouder with your Fingers; fo will the (linking
Sulphur (in which is the Narcotick and Poifonous
force) be gone: diffolve this Pouder in Juice of
Limons, or Lime Juice, or in Spirit of Vinegar,
and abftratt to a confiftency fit for Pills. 4. Ex-
tratlum Opii Qrollianum. Difiolve the Opium in
Hyffop Water and extra£f the Tinflure, as in the
fir ft way ; which abftraH: to the thicknefs of Hony :
diffolve this in Spirit of Wine, and extraft a
Tinflure again, which abftraft to a confiftency fit
for Pills. 5. Ext rati um Opij Hartmanni. Take
Pouder of Opium made by drying at the Fire ;
from which extrafl a Tinfture with Juice of Li-
mons, or pure Wine Vinegar, fo long till they
will be no longer Tinged -, digelt thefe Tinged Li-
quors 1 o Days, decant the clear, and abftrafl to a
due thicknefs. By thefe ways of Extraction the
Opium is purified or cleanfed, prepared and made
fit for other Compofitions, and fiuiilciently correct-
ed for general Ufe.

XLVII. Pulvis Opij , the Pouder of Opium.
'Take either of the' former £xt rati s, dry them by
the Eire ( being cut into thin ft ices ) and gradually
incrcafe the ficcity till the Mafs will reduce into
fubtil Pouder , which fearje find -Jjfep for ufe : fo is
the Opium prepared and made fit for any Preparation
of Compound Ponders-, Electuaries, Pills, Laudana ,
or TinSures , which the Artift (hall think fit, or
have occafion for. Out of this Simple Pouder of
Opium thus prepared, you may make Pulvis Opij
Compofitus , vel Pulvis Optimis , after this manner;
Take of this Ample Pouder 5 Ounces ; Salt of Tar-

tar Vitnolate , or Sulphurate 15 Ounces ; mix them
then add , Chymical Oils of Angelica , Cloves , Li-
mons, Oranges , and Savin , of each 2 Drams ; mix
the Oils fir ft together by thenf elves , and then mix
them with the Pouder , which keep in a Flint Glafs
Bottle (having a pretty wide Mouth , with a ground
Glafs Stopper) clofe Ji opt for ufe. It is a molt ad-
mirable thing to eafe all manner of Pains what-
ever, in any part of the Body, whether internal
or external, ltop Fluxes of Humors, eale Coughs,
helps Althma’s, and refolve Pleurifies.. And for
this reafon it is peculiarly good againft the Stone*
Gravel, pain and heat in making Water, the Colick"
Megrim, Head-ach, Gout, Rheumatifm, Venereal
NoCturnal Pains, and other Difeafes akin to them.
Dole from 1 Grain to 3 , 4, 6, or 8, according to
Age and other Accidents-, beginning with a Email
Dofe, and fo encreafing the Dole gradually as
need requires.

XLVI II. Tin ffura Opij jimp lex, fimple TinCture
ot Opium. Take Ext rail of Opium (at Sett. 46.)
12 Ounces ; Spirit of Wine acuated with Spirit or
Oil of Sulphur a Gallon : mix , di/folve , digeft in a
Bolt-head well ft opt for 8 or 10 Days , then decant
the clear TinCture for Ufe. Or thus, Take Ext rail
of Opium 1 2 Ounces ; Powers of Cloves Sulphurated
a Gallon-, mix, diffolve , digeft, for 10 Days, and
decant the clear TinCture for Ufe. Or thus from
Margrave , Take Ext rail of Opium 12 Ounces
Spirit of Wine Vinegar a Gallon , or a fufficient
quantity : mix , diffolve , and digeft, for 10 Days ,
or till the TinCture becomes clear , which decant'
and keep it clofe ftopt for Ufe. Being thus pre-
pared, it is fit to make other Compofitions of-, and
an Acid Menftruum is rather to be chofen than one
that is not, becaufe it not only corrreCts the Opi-
um, but alio prevents its making the Stomach Sick,
vyhereby the TinCture becomes not only the more
Friendly to the Stomach and other Bowels, but alfo
to the Univerfal Body in general. Dofe is from
10 to 20 or 30 Drops or more every Night at Bed
time in a Glafs of Canary, or other fit Vehicle.
It admirably induces Sleep, and gives eafe in all
manner of tormenting and excoriating Pains in
what part of the Body foever. It (tops the Flux
and motion of all forts of Humors in any part of
the Body , partly by thickning the Matter, and
partly by conftringing or (hutting up die Mouths
of the Veffeis. It induces a gentle Sweating, after
a very excellent and ea(y manner, gives eafe in a
Pleurify, and themoft exquifite Colick, and is profi-
table againft Catarrhs, Coughs, Colds, Hoarfenefs
Wheezing, Afthma’s and other Diitempers of thofe
parts, proceeding from thin, flowing, acrid, (harp
and Salt Humors. It gives eafe in the Sciatica^
Gout, and Rheumatifm ; and is an approved thing
againft all forts of Fevers or Agues , and in a
fhort time puts a ftop to the Current of the Di-
feafe. Outwardly alfo applyed, it is a fingular
Anodyn, and eafes all forts of pains, the part being
bathed therewith, and double Cloths dipt therein
being applyed or laid over.

XLIX. TinCtura Opij compofita. Compound
Tinfture of Opium. 1 ake Tbebian Opium a Pound
cut it into bits , and diffolve it in fair Water , in a
boiling Balneo , digeft afterwards in a gentle heat
for 7 Days to extraCl the aqueous TinCture, and till
all theft trees have perfectly fubfided , decant the
clear T intlurs ; and to the tines put more Water
repeating the fame Work, till they will no more
color the Water, which then caff away. Thefe
TinCture s evaporate in a gentle Balneo or Sand beat
or draw off the aqueous parts in a Glafs Alembick
(which Water keep for an Opiatick Vehicle) till the
Magma at bottom becomes as thick as New hony.

Chap, 57]. ‘Enghjl Herbs.

or an Ext raft. 'Then add thereto choice Lime Juice ,
choice Canary , pure Spirit of Wine , of each a Lint
and half: Louder of Cloves i Ounces : Cochinele ,
Saffron , Winters Cinnamon, of each I Ounce: Cam-
phir half an Ounce diffolved in Oil of Oranges 2
Drams •, or fo reduced to a Pap mix all and digeft
fora Month , in a very gentle Sand heat , (baking
the Glafs once or twice a Day : then let it ft and in
a cool place , till it is perfetlly fettled , and decant
the clear Kind ure , keeping it a Glafs clofe ft opt
for Ufe. The Power and Vertue of this Medicine,
■flies like Lightning thro’ the whole Body ^ for it
is no fooner received into the Stomach, but it pre-
fently refrelhes the Spirits, chears the Heart, and
gives eafe and relief in any pain, in what part of
the Body foever. Nor is this Preparation fubjeft
to thofe ill effe&s , which fome other Opiates re-
tain, becaufe it is freed from the Malign Sulphur
of the Concreets, which the Water, in its firft
diffolution will never refolve, for which jreafon it
is much pleafanter than many other Preparations of
Opium. It fiiently and foftly as it were, appeafes
pain in any part of the Body from Head to Foot^
allays Grief, procures a quietnefs of Mind , and
caufes pleafant Reft and Sleep, reftoring Nature to
its Priftine State, and repairing the decayed Strength.
It is of fuch an amicable, and Kind Nature, that
fcarce any Cordial ftiould be given without fome
few Drops of it for thereby , 'the Cordial it felf
is exalted and made more Cordial. It gives eafe
after an admirable manner, both in Stone and
Gout, cures Rheumatifms, and alleviates After-pains
of Women in Child-Bed , giving them reft and
eafe. It is a Specifick in the Gout, and all raging
pains in the Joints, Nerves, Sides, and Bowels,
being inwardly taken , and outwardly bathed upon
the parts affefled. It gives eafe in an Exquifite
Pleurify in half an Hours time : ftops Catarrhs and
Coughs to a miracle, as alfo all lorts of Bleeding,
as fpitting Blood, vomiting Blood, pifling Blood,
Bloody-flux and Hepatick Flux, Flux of the Cour-
■fes, and the extream bleeding of Wounds : It is
an excellent thing againft Wind, Indigeftion, Co-
lick, and other Diftempers of the Bowels, pro-
ceeding from cold and (harp Humors. It gives re-
lief in Afthma’s, fhortnefs of Breath, Hoarfnefs,
Wheezing, and the Phthlfick, or Ulceration of
the Lungs ^ and diflolves the Tartar or Vifcous
Flegm, which (ticks to the Lungs, Stomach and
Guts, and is the caufe of Tortions , pricking or
(harp Pains : It does indeed extinguifli in all Ages
and Sexes, the acrimonys, (harpnefs, and anguifti
of Difeafes, giving relief after a miraculous man-
ner, and this fometimes after all hopes are palt.
You may give of it from 10, to 20, 30, or 40
Drops, or more, according to Age and other Cir-
cumttances, in Wine, as Canary, or in Beer, Ale.
or other Liquors, every Night going to Bed.

L. T inffura Opij L trace l ft Diaphoretica , Para-
celfus his Sweating Tin&ure of Opium. Take of
one of the former Ext raffs of Opium 1 2 Ounces •
Tart an si d Spirit of Wine a Gallon Saffron , Co-
chinele, of each 2 Ounces digeft and make a very
ft rang Tinffure , which decant from the Laces • to
this Tinffure add of the Tinffura Diaphoretica La-
racelfi in our Pharmacopeia Londinenfis , Lib. 4.
Chap. 7. Se£L 2%. 2 Gallons: mix , digeft, circulate
for a Month , a?id keep the Tinffure for XJfc. It is
a moft admirable thing to caufe Sweating, and
you will find it as good a Sudorifick, as is ordinari-
ly to be met with , expelling Tartarous Difeafes,
as the Scurvy, Dropfy, Jaundice, Gout, Rheuma-
tifm, and Pox. It melts Icy and Refinous Humors,
expelling Wind in any part. And by its Balfamick
Virtue, it refills putrefa&ion, expelling themalig-

mty ot_ 'he Meades , Small Pox, Poifon, and
Hague it lelt. It may be given from 20 Drops, to
4?j 6op o' more, without any danger, in any Ve-
hicle the Phyfitian dlall fee fit.

LI. Tindura Opij Schcferi. Schefer his Tinflure
of Opium. TakeThebian Opium, (dryedai Quer-
cetau advifes) or, fame of the fanner Extrads of
Opium 12 Ounces -, ;■ edified Spirit of Wine 1 Gal-
lon, acuatei with Oil of Vitriol 12 Ounces-, Eng-
hjh Saffron, Species Diambrx, AromaticumRofatum.
of each 2 Ounces-, Ambergrife 6 Drams: Inf ufe all
in a Glafs Matrafs clofe flop t for 20 Days, then
decant the clear , filter and it keep 'for Ufe.' It is a
molt admirable Soponfick , cafes all pains in 3
Moment, performing rile fame in a molt admira-
ble manner, and all that the molt excellent Lauda-
num can do. Dole from to, or 1 2 Drops, to 20,
?o, or more, according to Age and other Circu'm-
ltances.

L\Vi Spiritus Opij , Spirit of Opium. Take
choice Thebtan Opium a Round cut into bits, and
difjolve it in a fujficicnt quantity of fair Water
fo much as may exlrati all the T mdure of it, and
till it will yield no more color-, what remains, which
mil not dijfo/ve in the Water caft away, and let the
Tmdure fettle t, Hit is perfectly clear, which decant,
and caft thofe Feces alfo away : to this Tmdure
add an equal quantity of Spirit of Wine -, digeft 24
flours, and then in a Glafs Alembick draw off all
the Spirit , and continue the dift illation till what
comes over taftes Sowerifli : draw off the remaining
part of the Water ( which is a thing of no Ufe)
till the Magma becomes as thick as new Honey ■
Cohobate the Spirit upon the Magma, and dift ill as
before-, whichWork of Cohobation repeat four times
drawing it off at /aft till an Extrad is left at bot-
tom, of aconfiftence fit for Fills-, this Spirit thus
drawn off, is Spirit cf Opium : The Ext rad at bot-
tom may ferve to make Laudanum of There is
alfo another way to make Spirit us Opij , which is
done by Fermentation, after this manner. Take
l hebian Opium a Found, diffohe it by gentle Boiling
m a Gallon of Rain Water-, then decant or ftrain
and caft the Feces away: To this add another Gal-
lon of fair Rain Water, in which diffolve Brown
Sugar 6 Pounds, and a good large Leven, and with
a gentle heat, being about Blood warm, cauje them
to Ferment for fome Days, till all the Liquor be-
comes of a Vinous Smell : Then put all into a Copper
Vefica, with, ts Head, Serpentine and Receiver, and
daft ill or drawoff 8 or j Pounds of Spirit , which
keep for Spirit of Opium. Then changing the Re-
ceiver, draw off the Water till it begins to Talfe
fower, this keep for Poppy Water. Afterwards
putting more Water to the Magma, vtajb .it all out
of the Still, and evaporate it away, till an Extract
remains of a confiftency for Pills, which may be re-
ferved, to be put into fome Opiate Preparation.
There are feveral other ways alfo of making Spi-
rit of Opium, which you may fee at large in the
Second Edition, of Our Pharmacopeia Bateana
Lib. 1. Chap.2 Seft.;8. which fee at your leifure'
Thefe Spirits are much pleafanter than either
Tmdure or Extrad of Opium , which contain the
Body of the ConcAec. Spirit of Opium never
makes the Stomach tick as fome other Preparati-
ons do, nor yet diiturbs the Head,ocherwife thin it is
poffibie as much Spirit of Wine nay do, which is a
confiderable advantage in its Operation. And
^ ls n<^' altogether io itrong and forcible as
are Tinffure s , Ext raffs , or Laudana , yet it ope-
rates with much more fpeed and (afety than they
pombly can. For they fly like Lightning through
the whole Body, and give eafe and relief’ not only
to the Spirits, but to the Univerlal Body almolt

-*r

Salmon’ s Herbal .

Lib. L

in a Momenr. This Spirit fupprcfies not the Ex-
cretion of Excrements, nor 1bps the PaffageS of
Urine, it benumbs not, nor enervates the Limbs ,
hor changes the natural complexion of the Skin to
pulenefs, nor caufescold Sweats, (hortnefs of Breath,
nor llupitaiftion of the Animal or Vital Faculties *
but it has all the good effefls which are attributed
to the moft excellent Laudanum , tho’ not with the
felf fame ftrength and force : it appeafes all per-
turbations of the Mind, and inteftine and violent
Commotions of the Body, as Dilquietings, and the
Rage, Fury and Madnels of the Archctus (the prin-
cipal direft or of the Spirit of Life) reftoring again
£eace and Concord , Reft, and Eafe to the whole
Man, and all the faculties of the Body. So that
after it has foftly and filently (as it were) appeafed
the Pain, and allayed theGrief^ it procures a quiet
and plea fan t Reft and Sleep, reftoring Nature to
its prittine State, and repairing its decayed
Strength ; wheBeby. umhought of Health xomes
on, with a vioIent'Carreer , and takes poflelfion
of its ancient Habitation, exterminating in all Ages
and Sexes, the Roots of bitternefs, and the Semi-
’ nalities of Pain and Difeafes. This Spirit is of
fuch a kind and amicable Nature, that fcarcely any
.. Lordial fhould be given without it * and it may
%e given from half a Dram, to i, 2, or 3 Drams,
;yeu -to half -an Ounce, according as the Age,
Strength, Condition, and Neceffity of the Sick,
other Jteci dents will admit of.

L1H. Laudanum Liquid um Helmont iff Helmont
flis Liquid Laudanum, according to Joel L>qnge-
lot. Take Tbcbaian Opium cut J malt'd: a '’Fou/ul
Juice oj ripe princes neftly^ dr upon j Q/Jfintj-,
Salt of Tartar 1 Ounce -, digcjtau 2 d^ays in a
very genjde Sand beat ■, or till you fee Bubbles ap-
pear above the Liquor , which i-s a fign that. .Rv-
mentation is at Hand ■, the^^B^ferctn fine Sugjf
in Fonder 4 Ounces •, and ufe a mfift&re Leafc to
advance the Fermentation -, fo will the Opium rife ,
and totally diffolve. At the top oj the Liquor, will
be a filthy , impure and Scummy part ivbicb fwims.
At bottom will be an impure and Earthy part. And
in the middle will be , a pure and tranf parent Li-
quor, as red as a Rubie , which Jeparate, fill crate,
and keep for Ufe. This is the True Laudanum qf
Helmont from Lange lot, and may be given kgtii. 6
ad 15, 20, or 30, in any proper Vehicle, yai^ana-
ry, &c. But if you pleafe you may infpiffitte*the
Tindure to the confiftency of an Extra! 7 fit for
Pills, and either keep it in that Form, or diffolve
it again in pure Redified Spirit of Wine , which
being Filter’d , is to be digefted for a Month, to
ripen it and bring it to perfeftion * then infpiffate
again, tp the confiftency of an Ex/rad. From this,
the laid Langelot promifes wonderful things, in
all cafes where Laudanum is to be ufed, giving at
a time no: above a quarter, or half a Grain, or at
moft a Grain. This fmall Dofe is imputed to the
union and clofe binding up of the Particles of the
Opium , firft dilated by Fermentation, and then re-
duced or confolidated again by bringing the Matter
to the Form of an Extra#. This Laudanum in-
duces Reft, allays the lharpnels of Humors, and
Hops their motion. It fortmes Nature, and parts
.of tho -Btffly afflifled, coroborates all the Bowels,
> cfTerifhes the Natural Heat, reftores the Retentive
Faculty debilitated, flops all Fluxes of Blood in
Man or Woman, as the overflowing of the Terms,
and all forts of Fluxes of the Belly, Catarrhs,
and other thin and corroding Defluxions, either
upon the Eyes, Ears, Teeth, Throat, Lungs-,
Stomach, Joints, or any other part external or in-
ternal. It eafesall pains of the Head, arifing from
attenuated Humors, taken inwardly, or applyed to

the Fore-head and Temples. It difeuffes and ex-
pels Wind; and takes away noifes in the Eai3. It
eafes the Tooth-ach, flops Vomiting, and all other vi-
olent Purgations and Fermentations of the Humors.
It gives eafe in the Difeafe Cholera , and the Wind
Colick, and in all griping pains of the Bowels in
Man or Woman, given as well as by the Mouth, bv
Clyfter. It is a powerful Remedy againlt the
Stone, Gravel and Tartarous Matter in the Urina-
ry parts. It not only allays the Fermentation of
the Humors, but abates their Acrimony after due
Purgation-. It cures zGonorrhxa (Univerlals being
premifed) and ltrengthens the Spermatick Veffels..
It cures all forts of Gouts and Rheumatilms, and
is prevalent againft all pains in any Age or ’Sex,
arifing from what caufe foever, efpecially after
general Remedies, or previous Evacuations.

LIV. Another Prefcription of Helmonts Liquid
Laudanum. Take Juice of Quinces a Gallon , which
put into a Fermentation with Ale Left, with this ex-
tra ft a deep red Tintfure from Tbebaian Opium 1
Found , which fi rain and Aromatize-, then draw off
one half of the Liquor in Balneo , and keep the re-
maining part for Ufe. It has the Virtues of all
other Laudanums, and is given with a happy Suc-
cefs in Dyfenterick afteQions, and is efteemed by
many Phyfitians, the moft fife of any Laudanum .
Dofe a gut. 8, ad 20, 30, or more (according to
Age and other Accidents ) in Canary or other fit
Vehicle at Bed time. : Upe is yet another Pre-
paration of Helmonts Liquui Laudanum, the which
you may fee jn Our Praxis Medica , or Comment
upon Sf&nbw'-s^ptfus Intrgn. Lib. 2. Chap. 12.
Seel. 24. lately knitted into the World ^ to which
we refer you.

LV. LaudanyySpecificum Faracelfi , Faracelfus
his Specifick Anodyn. Take Tbebaian Opium ex-
truded a Pound-, Fouders or Ext rails of Cinnamon ,
" Cloves , Saffron, of each half a .Found } Juices of
Sower Oranges and Quinces , of each 3 quarters of
a Found: mix, and digefl with a gentle heat for
a Month, or till the mixture is diffolve J, firainout by
pr effing, and abflrad to the confiflency of a f oft Ex-
trad for Fills ■, then add Ambergrife in fine Fonder
an Ounce and half ■, Musk in fine Ponder 3 Drams -
Magi fl cries of Coral and Pearl, of each 1 Ounce-
mix and digefl a while, then add of the Quint effcnce
of Gold 1 Ounce-, mix , and compleat the Great
Specifick Anodyn of Paracellus. In this Hart mart
leaves out the Qfinteffence of Gold, and lubftitHtes
fome proper Salt-, we rather advife to add in place
thereof, an Ounce of pure Oil of Cinnamon , as it
is extracted in the Eajl-Indies. There is another
Recipe of the Laudanum Faracelfi given us by
fome Authors, which is the following. Take Ex-
trad of Tbebaian Opium a Found -, Infpiffate Juice
of Henbane, Species Diambra Ef Diamofcbi, of each
1 o Ounces \ Mummy 2 Ounces Salts of Pearl and
Coral, of each an Ounce and half • Liquor of white
Amber extraded with Alcool of Wine , Bone of a
Stags Heart, Bezoar Stone, Unicorns Horn, Aurum
Potabile, of each an Ounce ; Musk 3 Drams • Am-
bergrife 2 Ounces and half or for want of Aurum
Potabile, you may add oj the Chymical Oil of Cin-
namon and Cloves, of each half an Ounce-, mix them
well -, and digefl again for a Month , and fo keep it
for Ufe. It eafes all manner of Pains in a Mo-
menr, flops all forts of Fluxes of the Bowels
Catarrhs, Coughs, overflowing of the Terms and
Whites in Women, flops Bleeding, & V. And is a
Specifick in the Pleurily , Coliek, Hyfterick-fits,
Gri pings of the Guts, Gout, Rheumatifm, Reft-
leflhels, Efc. and has all the Virtues of the
Tindura Opij Simplex and Compofita, and that of
Faracelfus , as alfo of the Laudanum HeLmontij at

Sed.

Chap. 573. EngUjh Herbs .

895

48, 49, 50, and 5?, aforegoing. Dofe * gr.
1, ad 6, either in a Pill, or dilTolved in any proper
Vehicle.

LVI. Laudanum Londinenfe , The London Lau-
danum. Take Thcbaian Opium extruded, a Pound-,
Extract of Eng/ijh Saffron a Pound and half: Ex-
tract off Gff} ore um 2 Ounces ; Jtrong Tinffure of
Species Diambra , made with Spirit of Wine , half
a Pound-, Ambcrgrfe, Musk, of each % Scruples -,
Oil of Nutmegs 160 Drops, or. 3. Drams: mix
them perfectly together, and evaporate in Balneo ,
or a Sand, heat, to a due Confifiency. It is a moft
excellent Compofition, and has all the Virtues of
the Laudanum Paracelfi in the former Sdftion, and
may be given in the fame manner and Dole, every
Night at Bed-time.

LVII. A cpenthes Opiatum , A Confeft: againft
Sorrow and Sadnefs. Take Tintture of Opium
( fir ft prepared with Spirit of Vinegar , then with
Spirit of Wine,) Ext raft of Saffron made with
Spirit of Wine, of each a Pound Salts of Coral
and Pearl, of each half a Pound-, Tintture of Spe-
cies Diambrs a Pound-, Amber grife, 2 Ounces-,
mix, and by the gentle heat of a Bath , evaporate to
a confilJency fit for Pills. The Virtues are the fame
with the two former, fave that this more chears the
Heart and Spirits, caufes Gladnefs, and drives away'
Melancholy. Dofe a gr. 2, ad 6, or 8.

LVI II. Repuies Nicolai, Nicholas his Con-
fect caufing Reft and Sleep. Take red Rofes Ex-
ungulated, blew Violets, of each 4 Ounces -, The-
bian Opium (diffolved in Wine ) Seeds of white Hen-
bane, of white and black Poppies, of Endive, of
Purjlane , of Lett ice, of PfyUium, Roots of Man-
drake , Spodium , Gum Tragacanth , of each an
Ounce -, Nutmegs , Cinnamon , Ginger , red , white ,
and yellow Sanders, of each 2 Ounces -, fine Sugar
three times the weight of them all, viz. 93 Ounces ,
which diffolve in Rofe Water, into a Syrup of the thick -
nefs of Honey : mix and make an Ele fluary accord-
ing to Art. In this Compofition the Opium is
about r rr, or an Hundred fifty fixth part of the
whole. It has all the Virtues of the Philonium
Tcrficum, and Romanum -, and may be given from 2
Scruples to 2 or 3 Drams in any proper Vehicle, as
occalion and the reafon of the thing may require.

L1X. Tberiaca Londinenfis nova, vel Salmoniana
Our new London Treacle. Take Extrafi of Opium
a Pound -, Solid Extrafls of Juice of Liquorice, of
Elecampane Root, of Gentian, of Zedoary and of
Bay Berries , Juice^f Alkermes cf each 4 Ounces -,
which diffclve in fo much Spirit of Wine, as to
make them of the Thicknefs of a foft Extrafi.
Take Saffron, Contrayerva, Indian S pic knar d, Vir-
ginian Snake Root, Ginger, Myrrh, Cochi ne/e, Be-
zoar Stone, each of them made a part into fubtil
Pouder , Salts of Coral and Pearl made with Oil of
Salt , Volatile Sal Armoniack in fine Pouder, being
ground with a little Spirit of Wine , iff each 4
Ounces -, Angelus Mine r ah s, Panacea hire a, of
each 2 Drams -, Bezoar Animal, Bezoar Aline rale
Bezoar Solar e , of each 4 Ounces-, Camphir
half a Pound -, Ckymical Oils of Carr away s. Cloves,
Juniper , Rofemary, Satfafras, Wormwood , cf each
2 Ounces-, Clarified Honey 14 Pounds: mix and
make an Elefluary according to Art. It has all
the Virtues of the molt exalted Laudanum,
whether of thofe at Sell. 48, 49, 50, and 53’
aforegoing, or thofe at Scd. 60, 61, and 62, fol-
lowing. The proportion of the Opium to the reft
of the Ingredients is 4T or one of twenty one parts.
So that the Dofe may be from half a Scruple to
a Scruple, half a Dram, 2 Scruples or more, ac-
cording to Age, Strength, and other Accidents.
Ir ftops the moft Vehement Coughs, Catarrhs,

andrluxesof al l kinds , is excellent againft Gouts,
Rheumatifms, Colicks, Agues, Phthificks, Afth-
ma’s, all Fluxes of Blood upwards or downwards,
Bitings of Serpents, Vipers, Mad-Dogs, or other
\ enomous Beaits$ takes away all manner of Pains
(almoft in a Moment) in what part of the Body
foever, and gives pleafant Reft and Sleep.

LX. Laudanum Volatile A off rum , Our Cordial
Pills, or Volatile Laudanum, 'Take Extrafi of the
beff ihebaian Opium a Pound-, of the befl Mithri-
date or Venice Treacle 6 Ounces-, Camphir 10
Ounces, made into fine Pouder with a little Spirit
of Wine-, Extrafls of Contrayerva, Indian Spick-
nard, Virginian Snake Root, Zedoary, Winters
Cinnamon , Cloves, Saffron, Cafforcum, of each an
Ounce-, Volatile Salts of Mans Skull , of harts
Horn , of Sal Armoniack , of Vipers, of Amber,
and of Tart at-, of ( acb 6 Drams: Chymical Oils
oj Uuii.es, Cinnamon, Lintons, Sued Marjoram ,
Nutmegs, Oranges , Rofemary. , Safjafras , Savin,

U ormwooJ, of each 2 Drams-, being all well mixt
together, digcft ip a very gentle , or rather only
warm Sand heat for a Month -, then add Oriental
Bezoar Levigated , Bezoar Mineral, Cochine/e, Salts
cf Col al and Pearls, of each a like quantity , fo
much, as may bring it to a conftfjcncy for Pills,
-which keep clofe in IVooden, or Silver Boxes will?
Screws for Vfe. It is one of the belt Anodyns in
the World, eafing all manner of Pains in a Moment,
in any part ot the Body inward or outward. It
is prevalent againft all forts of fits and Pallions
of the Heart, as Palpitation, Trembling, Swoon-
mg, oppreff.on of Wind, Fits of the Mother,
Convulfions, Vertigo, Frenlie, Delirium, Madnefs’
Megnm, Head-ach, &e. It caufes pleafant Reft
and Sleep; ftops all forts of Catarrhs, Coughs,
and dittillations of Rheum, upon any Member or
part; is good againft Colds, Wheezing, Hoarf-
nefs, Afthma, forenefs of the Throat, Ulcers of
the Lungs. It eafes Pains of the Teeth prefently,
and is admirable againft the Gout, Rheumatifm’
Sciatica, and French Difeale, being an effefiual
Alexipharmick and Sudoriiick. It is good againft
fpitting of Blood, pilling of Blood, and the Bloody
Flux, and all other Fluxes ot the Bowels, as alfo
al F.other Soreneftes and Bruifes, Pleurifies, Pains
and Stitches of the Sides; it ftops the Whites, and
the overflowing of the Terms in Women ; and in-
fuiy bly* tures Agues of all forts, being given in a
Glafs of Canary, about 3 Hours before the coming
of the Fit. Dofe from 1 Grain to 4, according
to the Age and other Accidents of the Patient.

The proportion of the Opium to the reft of the
Ingredients is i or as one to Six.

LXI. Laudanum Spccificum noffrum, Our Speci-
fick Laudanum. Lake Lx trail of Ihebaian Opium
a Pound ; Oil of Sulphur 3 Ounces ; mix than well
together ; to which add, Oil of A at megs by fcxpref-
fwn 1 Pound-, Anodyn Sulphur of Mars 6 Ounces -
Bezoar Mineral , Ponders of Camphir , Cloves'
Catechu , Winters Cinnamon , Indian S pic knar d,
Jefuits Bark, Saffron , Virginian Snake Root, Co-
chinelc , of each 3 Ounces ; Salts of Coral and Pear!
of each 2 Ounces ; Chymical Oils of Amber , Ant-
feeds , Cloves , Rofemary , Worniwccd, of each ;
Drams: Mithridate a fujjicicnt quantity, to make it
into a Mafs for Pills. The Proportion of Opium *
here is more than 4 and lefs than one fixth part, A
fo that it may well be given from 2 Grains, to 4’ ' 5
6, 01 8 Grains according to the Age and Condition
of the Patient, and that every Night at Bed-time.

It comforts the Stomach and Bowels, and is found
by Experience, to be admirable againft all Viuxes of
the Belly, Vomitings, and Sicknefs at Stomach,
Bleeding at Nofe, overflowing of the Terms in

Women,

896

Salmon s Herbal. Lib, I

tberGlafs Bottle , to which add Narcotick Sulphur
of Vitriol 3 Ounces -, Camphir half a Pound : mix
and dijfolve , and digefl 1 o Days • and Jo keep r.
clofe flopt for Vfe. It has all the Virtues of any
of the former 1 'injures of Opium , or of any of
the Philo niumi or of any the moft exalted Lau-
danum,, which we have difeourfed of before at
large: and is much better to be given to fuch, who
cannot fwallow Bolus'* s, or Pills, This being to
be given only in Drops at Bed-time in a Glais of
Canary, or fair Water, or other Vehicle, the Patient
belt likes, as White Wine and Sugar, Mace Ale.
Broth, Poflet Drink, or a little Syrup, ’if it is taken
lor a Cough, which is troublelbme in the Day
time, or for a deep Confumption, or for preventi-
on of any Illnefs, it may be taken in the Morning
Falling, in the defign’d Vehicle. The Dofe is to
be regulated according to the Age of the Sick, and
other Circumltances. To a Child of a Month,
Quarter, half Year, or Year old, you may give
from 4 Drops to 10. From a Year to 2, 3, 4, of
5 Years old, you may give from 10 to 16 Drops.
And to elder Perfons from 6 Years of Age to id
or 14, you may give from 16 to 24 Drops. From
, 14 Years of Age, to 20, 30, 40, 60, or 80 Years

fennel or Angelica Water 7 Pounds 4 Native' Ctnna- Old and upwards, you may give from 24 Drops to

Women, fpitting and pilfing of Blood, vehement
Coughs, Colds, Catarrhs, and other defluxions of
Humors. It comforts the Vifcera , and all the In-
ternal Members. It is of Wonderful power againlt
the Scurvy, Dropfy, jaundice. Gout, Rheumatifm,
Vapors, Fits of the Mother, and other like
Difeafes of the Womb j and prevails alfo againlt
all kinds of Agues and Fevers, intermitting, re-
mitting, continual, continent, putrid, or Malign ;
and is given even in the Plagueit felf, and in all forts
of Epidemick Difeafes, asMeafles, Small Pox, CJc.
It gives eafe in all vehement Pains, of what kind,
and in what part of the Body foever; It prevails
againlt the Stone, Gravel, Lfc. in the Urinary
parts $ is a lingular thing againlt Althma, Pleuri-
lies, and a Phthilis or Confumption of the Lungs.
It chears the Heart, revives the V^tal and Animal
Spirits, reltores the Facultiescftreqgthens Nature,
and caufes pleafant Reft arid .Sieep. 'Anil 'it' is a
Secret in curing a Gonorrhea in 'Mer^ an<£ a
Running in Women, UniveHitf&fraving befell pre-
mifed. ( ■ Jt

LXII. Laudanum Cathariicufm nofli unff ohr Fur
gi ng Laudanu m. Take Ext rail of ''jfhebai an Opium
' Pound-, Ext r add of Aloes , made wfl 1 -L'-

bar Levigated 2 Pounds Re fine us Sctimmony in fine
Ponder, 1 Pound-, Camphir , Ginger , cf each in fine
Pouder half a Pound-, Oils of Angelica , Cloves,
and Wormwood, of each 2 Ounces : mix and make a
Mafs for Pills. It Purges very well, more than
treble the quantity of Aloes would do, without the
Opium, and Purging without Pain, eafesall manner
of Pains in any part of the Body : the Belly being
bound, it will Purge or gently loofen it, accord-
ing to the largenefs or fmallnefs of the Dofe given.
The Virtues of this Medicine are to be admired,
never enough to be praifed. It ftrengthens the
whole Man admirably, and is commended for cor-
roborating the more Noble Bowels ^ but above all
for correcting of corrupt and evil Humors, and its
Very fweetly purging the Body, which it does by a
very fafe and pleafant Operation. I have cured by
this Medicine alone indurated Cancers tho’ of fome
Years Handing, where they have not been broken
or ulcerated $ for lince nothing can ft.ind at a ftay,
but what does not encreafe, mult neceflarily de-
creafe-, fo, lince this Medicine hinders^the Pabu-
lum of the Cancer, it mult in time decreafe, and
as it were pine away, and this it does by flopping
the Fluxion of the Humor to the parr, and carry-
ing it oft' another way. It eafes the Cough, is
good againlt Althma’s, and Hops thin Catarrhs :
It induces Reft and Sleep, and prevails againlt
Quotidian, Tertian, and Quartan /igues, being
given fome Hours before the Fit. Dofe from halt
d Scruple to a Scruple , or half a Dram at Bed-
time, according to Age and other Circumltances.
The Proportion of the Opium here is 1 ? or as one
to twelve.

LXIII. Guttx Vita Noflr<t, Out Cordial Drops.
Take Ext radl of Opium, made before dire bled,
16 Ounces-, which dijfolve in Ti allure of Salt of
Tartar 8 Quarts-, or in Powers of Anttifeeds, An-
gelica , Carrawaies , Cloves, Rojemary , of each 2
Quarts-, tlx Menjlruum being firfi impregnated with
the Jirong Tinlturcs of Saffron, Cochine le. Cloves,
Winters Cinnamon, Nutmegs, Virginian Snake
Root , Zedoary, of each 2 Ounces - all of them (the
Saffron excepted) reduced into fine Pouder -, Cajlo-
reum (freed from Skins and flat) in fine Pouder 4
Ounces The Opium being diffolved in the f aid
Tint} ure, digefl for a Month, flaking the Bottle
well once a Day let it then fettle till it is perfeS-
ly fine, and decant off the dear Tinffurc into ano-

40, 50, or 60 Drops at a time, which in ordinary
cafes may be the highelt Dofe. But in all Perfons
Ages, and Sexes, it will be better to begin with a
fmaller Dofe firft, and fo to encreafe it every Day
gradually till it comes to the highelt. It may
lately be given to Women with Child, being a moft
excellent thing to prevent Mifcarriage.

LXIV. Laudanum Opiatum Hartmanni, Hartman
his Laudanum. Take of any of the former Extraits
of Opium a Pound -, Salts of Coral and Pearls, of
each half a Pound-, Extract of Saffron , made with
the Spirit of Wine a quarter of a Pound-, mix them
well together, and then add to them Oil of Cloves
V Ounce -, mix them well again , and keep it in a
Silver Box very clofe , for Vfe. It has all the Vir-
tues ot any of the other Laudana. The Opium
here is 4 or as four to five, to the reft of the In-
gredients., and therefore it may be given from half
a Grain, to 1, 2, or 3 Grains, as the Phylician
fhall advife , beginning with a fmall Dofe fir ft,
and fo gradually increasing it.

LXV. Pilule de Cynogloffo , Opiate Pills of
Hounds-Tongue. Take Roots of Hounds-Tongue
dryed , white Henbane Seed , Opium prepared of
each a Pound-, Myrrh in fine Pouder a Pound
and half-, Olibanum in fine Pouder , a Pound and
quarter-. Saffron , Cafioreum, St or ax ■ Calami t a, of
each a quarter of a Pound and half a quarter : let
the Roots of Hounds Tongue and Henbane Seeds be
Pondered together , but the Alyrrh, Saffron , and
Olibanum, each by themf elves -, the Opium, being cut
[mail, dijfolve to the thicknefs of an Extralf with
Rofe Water -, then add the Youders -, and with Syrup
of Stccchiu make a Mafs for Pills. They wrere in-
vented to flop Catarrhs, Coughs, Afthma’s, all forts
of Fluxes of the Bowels, the overflowing of the
Terms, and the Whites in Women. They are
good againlt a Phthifis or ulceration of the Lungs,
reltore in Confumpcions, and are profitable againlt
Pleurifies, Pains and Stitches in the Sides, Colick
and Griping of the Guts, and all other internal
Pains whatsoever, as of the Spleen, Stomach,
Reins, Bladder, from the Stone, Efc. and caule
pleafant Reft and Sleep. The Proportion of the
Opium in this Compolicion is as one to ten, or
a tenth part of the whole. So rhat the Dofe may
be from s Grains to 10, 20, or 30.

LXVL Pillule de Styrace, Opiate Pills of Sto-
rax. Take St or ax Celamita, Olibanum , Alyrrh ,

Jnfpiffate

Chap. 573* ‘Englijh Herbs

Infpiffate Juice of Liquorice, Extrafl of Opium , or
Opium prepared , of each a Pound-, Saffron a qua/- I
ter of a Pound-, with Syrup of white Poppies make
a Mafs for Pills according to Art. The Virtues
of thefe PYHs are the fame with the hit, and have
the fame force and effefts, with any of the Lau-
dana before deferibed and declared, and may be
given for tliofe purpofes in the fame manner. The
Proportion ot the Opium in this Compofition
is 4 as one to fix, or a fixth part of the whole,
and therefore the Dole may be agr. 3. ad 12. or 1%.
and the larger Doie may be exhibited in vehement
Catarrhs, violent Coughs, and inveterate Fluxes of
the Belly, Gout, Rheumatifms, (Sfc.

LXV1I. Extraflum plorum Lf Capitum Papa-
verts , or German Opium. Take the Heads of
Poppies when they begin to Wowcr, bruife them,
and dig eft in Balnea, with Hy drome I , Metheglin ,
or Canary, for 15 or 20 Days, till the Liquor is
very red 1 then / train forth the Juice or Liquor by
ftrong Pr effing: abJiraS in Balneo till a Gummy
Magma or Sub ft a nee remains, which being put into
cold Water will be forthwith congealed. This is
German Opium no ways Sophifticated, which may
be made uie of initead of the True Opium.

897

to ,

An APPENDIX
Sett. XL VI, and XL VII.

LXVIII. Some confound Opium with Meconium
but erroneoufly: for Meconium, as DioJ. borides,
lib. 4 chap 6q. Teftifies, is an Exprefted Juice
from the Poppy which is ln/piffated : which ac-
cording to Fred. Hoffman, is thus Prepared. Pa-
paverum Vafcula cum joins tundentes torculari ex-
primunt , mox in Mortario teretes paftillos for-
mant, vocaturque illud Meconium. Cafper Hoffman
de Medicamentis OJJicinalibus , lib. 2. chap. 169.
left. 9. has it thus, Hoc autem, (ftnKuym, l~ks
means) tota Planta contuja & expreffa. But iftuer-
cetanus in his Pharmacopeia Rejiituta , chap. 23.
makes it after this manner: Recipe Capitum Papa- 1

c °{ 3 Ly?n tauny color> but have
™h£h y y otI.t1l3t’ fernery fays, that th eOpium
which comes from Thebes, or elfe from Grand
u ac“unted the heft, which is blackifh
tnfemable bitter to the Tafte, a little acrimond

Smell f , fi'/P'?ai)T a1d f°mething disagreeable
smell. 2. Black and hard, which comes from Aden

andkhrn °h /''*V0t far fr0Itt the Red Sea,
and is brought from Alexandria and Syria. 3. Of

from di,Jh.ye,Iow. ™/or end /of ter, which comes
from Cambaja and Decan, and this is the Eaft India
Upturn , and comes from thence, and other parts
adjacent thereto, and is in much ufe with us ft
S'S ®ut Jhe Tur/y or Thebaian Opium is
bechffen Valuable > . and thac only which is to
LXX. '

.:r-t Hoa °P"‘m " made, Diofcoridei in the

;be/ore c'te ; has r?ld us’ as alfo> bib.

?■ cbaP- 1 1- and Jacobus
Aft"! “d Gmiam, With many other

7non?7, fhr -fril ia W* Notes

upon Schroder has it thus, Capita Pafaverk recen-

tia grand, a immature tamcn, & fucco turgida
mane poft Roremfolts difperfum Cu/tello in After iff]
jotma leviter inetdunt, unde liquor laOeus, conti-
Mo emanans & tdemidem concrejccns digito in Con-
cilium ftAjeSum abftcrgitur: idque tamdiu Con -
:”;rur. iUm Vld"u\I‘luorum p/orat, Lf ex noviter
inetjis 1 ecentes Lachrymal coalefcunt. • It is called

diJ^ns’ aniirlr°ain Af‘a' by a corrupt Name,
fn m ?£“r’ M°Afion, 0mfium and Am flan-, but
n many Compofitions, as in Theriaca Andromcabi
we find («*, and Ca/p Hojj f ’

m<tnd,ffer: enter eft vel™,velpiJftl\
tlludque quidem fieri Cap, t, bus Papaverk incifts, (Sf
fucco tnde Sull ante except 0. Opium is laid to be
adulterated with the Juice of Glaucium, which is

of / J 770W C0 p !sthouSht to be the Juice
0} the Thorney Poppy before deferibed : ) but this
Cheat's eafily to be difeovered ; for if the Opium
is diflolved I tn 1 fair Water, it null color it yellow
by realon of the yellow mixture.

LXXI. But yet the Grand Queftion returns to

" — jl uya- | JLAAJ. I

verum (which beats the red Flowers, I fuppofe he be refolded f t>

— " have alreadyVaitTfo^f hingfo it, imwhatfas gone
before; to which we add, that according to Pliny
and Avicenna, it is gathered from the Heads of the
Black Poppy, being Cut or Wounded. But fays

. y '‘V/utt/suc 1/1

Mart aria marmoreo, affunde Vinum generofum ad
duorum digitorum eminentiam : digere in Balneo
per aliquot dies, ut incipiat rubefeere , exime &
infpijfa. ^ Lemery lays. That Opium is a Tear
which dtftills of it felf, or by Incifion from the'
Heads of Poppies, and this in Greece , as alfo in the
Kingdom of Cambaia, and the Territories of Grand
Cairo in Egypt, and that there are three forts of
it, the Black, the White , and the yellow, which
the Inhabitants of thofe Countries do keep for their
own Ufe, and only fend x& Meconium, which is
nothing elfe but the Juice of the Poppy Heads
drawn by Expreffion, and then thickned, and wrapt
up in Leaves to Export it the better : but I hope
Monfiure Lemery wilt give me leave to believeas
much as I think fit of the latter part of his
Difcourfe, and no more.

LXIX. opium, fays Schroder, is, Lachryma, a
Tear, which Diftills itom the Heads of the Poppies
being gently cut, when they begin to grow ripe!
And ot this Opium, there are three forts. 1.
White, which comes from Cairo in Egypt, and this
is faid to be the Thebaian Opium , which we call
Turkey Opium, and is accounted the belt. Schro-
der fays, the Cabaifan Opium is the choifeft, and
that it is heavy, and thick, and burns with a
Flame not black, of a Poppy like Smell, but
It longer, of the color of Aloes when broken, and
eafie to be diflolved. That which the Turks daily
take from halt a Dram to a Dram , which they

Ft ii- ,6 W vvounaea. But lays
ujpar Hoffman loco citato, ex albo fieri lam in
AJta, quant mind, a ex Bellomo V Garzia Conftat-
atque apud Diofcondem fit ex Nigro & Sylveftri :

Rer',n Y^f tfUj>0u hodieque ex utroque

l , ' Yet Fred. Hoffman in his Annotations upon
Schraders Difpenfatory fays, Hoe (Maflac, velOpi -
urn) mh,l ahud eft quant Succus exfudans exCapi-
ttbus Papavens alb, incifts in Vigore Conftituti fuo
BalfamtcoW Crefcente Luna Colleflus-, formantur
tnde Ptlulte a Drachma femis, adDrachmammam-
efjdlus hujus eft pro Conflitutionum vel Tempera-
mentorum diver Jit ate, Cfc. From what has been faid
before and what here, it is manifeft that Opium is
ftnm/hp n/r.e Heads, and fometimes

both1 anc^ ^ometimes promifeuoufiy from

5 Y

CHAP

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. L

1 T

CHAP. DLXXIV.

Of POPPY Wild.

H E Names. It is called in Greek ,
jl Umuv j>c td( : in Latine , Papaver Rbtcar
vel erraticum , vel Sylveflre •, and in Englifb , W

IF'Xfe Kir/fir. It is of two principal Species,
viz. i. P dp aver Sylvejire verum , which is alio cal-
led Papaver fflwa* , Papaver erraticum Red
Poppy, Corn Poppy, and Corn Rofe. 2.

argemrts vel ocular um nubecula. s tollit ; and or
this there are feveral Kinds j the chief of which
are, 1. Argemone Cdpitulo rotundiorc , Argemone ,
£?’ Argemonia , as P/wy Zrk 2?. cap. 9. has it, Our
Common round Headed Ballard Poppy; an* all
Modern Writers agree, that this is the Argemone
of Dio/corides: it is alfo called Argemone Capitu-
lo torn/ is canulato Lsbehjy Argemone Capitu/o Bre-
viore. 1. Argemone Capitulo long tors Lobe/ij ty
Bauhini ; Argemone Cordi , Long Headed Baltard
Poppy. 3. Argemone lute a , Argemone Cambro-
Bn tunica lute a Lobe/ij , becaufe found out by
Lobe l growing in Wales -• Yellow Wild Baltard
Poppy of Wfc&r.

vifions , 0/ <z cc/w, but not vobitijh , <777^

fometbing Hairy zoitb all. The Stalk is blackijh ,
or blackijh green , and hairy alfo , but rifes not up
fo high or the Garden Kinds, having fome fuch like
Leaves thereon as grow below \ it fpreads it felf
out fometimes into three or four Branches , on
which grow fmall hairy Heads , bowing down before
the Skin breaks , in which the Blower is enclofed :
which when it is full blown open , is of a fair red ,
or crimfon color , /wr in fome much paler , without
any Spot in the bottom of the Leaves , having many
black , fojt Threads in the middle , comparing a
fmall green Head ^ which when it is ripe , is Jcarcely
fo big as ones Thumbs end * 7/7 which is contained
much black Seed , fmaller by half than that of the
Garden. Of /fo* Kind. , /Jot 7* one which is leffer in
all the forts thereof and differs in nothing elfe.

IV. The firjl of the Bajlard Kinds , which is Our
common round Headed Baltard Poppy. J/.r Root is
fmall and long with many Fibres adjoining , and per-
ifhes every Tear after Seed time. This Kind of Wild
Poppy /W feveral hairy green Leaves lying on the
Ground j, fomewbat longer , and more divided into
parts , than thofe of the Corn Poppy, fome what like
to the Leaves of the thin Leav'd Anemone , or

Popp) Wild Baftard.

The Defcriptions.

III. Our common red Poppy , Corn Poppy , or
Corn Role, hi Root is Jomething long and Jlender,
and f erifbes every Tear, the Plant rijing every Pear
of its own Sowing. Its Leaves are long and nar-
row, very much cut in on the edges into many l)i-

PoppyCorn or red, or Corn-Kofe.

Wind Flower, at Lobcl fays, tho it is feldoni fo
found with us. From among which rife up feveral
rough hairy Stalks , mere than two Feet high fome -
times , which bear alfo fuch like Leaves here and
there on them, but leffer than thofe below , all yield-
ing when broken , a yellow Milk or Juice. On the
top of each Branch , grows one Flower , leffer than
that of the Corn Poppy, but confining of 4 round
pointed Leaves , of a more faint or diluted red
color , each of them having fomyimes a blackijh Spot
in the bottom , but fometimes toil bout it , with feve-
ral blackijh Threads funding about a fmall green

Head ;

Chap. 574. Enghjh 'Herbs.

899

Head-, which when it is ripe , is Jome thing J hort ,
round , and roughs with Jome Crejis thereon, and a
little round Head or Cover , but not a Crown or Star ,
at its top , ///te r/;c other Poppies $ ;/? which is con-
tained fuch like jmall blackijh Seed as in the
Corn Poppy heads , but larger.

V. The fecond of the Baftard Kinds , Long

Headed Baftard Poppy. This is in its Root ,
Leaves , Stalks , Branches , F lowers. Seed , and man-
ner of growing , and indeed in all things, like the

Voppy Wild long Codded.

M Baftard Kind , faving that the Heads of this
are longer than thofe of the laji , f mailer below ,
than above , having a little round Head or Cover

at the top , but no Crown , « rough and hard

like it , and in this conftfts all the difference.

VI. T/;<? third of the Bafiard Kinds , £

jrfo Yellow Wild Baftard Poppy of Wales. Its
Root is long and brownifh on the out fide , fpreading
it felf out into fomc Branches , with wrZ/Ty fmall
fibres adjoyning to them , which perijh not every
Tear tvs the other forts do. This Yellow Poppy
winged large fpread Leaves lying upon the
Ground -, ?;w/7y Leaves fet together on

each fide of a middle Rib , each divided Leaf being
fomewhat deeply cut in , in fome places of the edges ,
more than others , and of a deep , but fair green
color, from among thefe Leaves , rife up fever al
branched Stalks , about 2 Feet high , having fome
fuch Leaves thereon , but f mailer, and fet at f eve -
ral diffances. At the tops of the Stalks and
Branches grow fair , yellow , and pretty large
flowers , confuting each of four round Leaves a
piece , many yellow Threads in the middle ,

/ landing about a long green Head, which when the
flower is fallen , and the Head ripe , is then larger
than the former long headed Baftard Kind, and in
like manner f mailer at the bottom , and larger at the

top, with a fmall Head, or Tupping thereon, con '
taming within , wW; fmall black Seed, lying with
in feyeral Cells , in the fame manner as in other
roppies.

VII. The Places. The Corn Poppy is plentifully
enough to be found in almoftall Corn-fields through-
out all England , as alfo on Banks and Ditch-fides,
and under Hedges thro’ molt ’parts of the King-
dom. The fir ft and fecond of the Baftard Kinds
are often found, as well in Corn fields, as by the
VVay-lides, in Somerfet-jlnre and Kent, and other
Counties of this Land, and in the Corners and
Borders of Fields , and by the Hedges and High-
way fides, going from London to Bath. Gerard
lays, that he and Lobe l , found them growing in
the next Field to South-fleet in Kent : and fohnfon
in Get ard Frys, that he found them both growing
in Ujclfey fields, as alio in thofe belonging to Ham-
merfmth, in all which places 1 my felf have alfo
often found them. The fhort or round Headed one
has a Flower of a more Elegant color, but is not
k>und fo plentifully as the other long Headed one.
The third grows in many Places in Wales, in Val-
lies and Fields, at the Feet of Hills, and by Water
lides, about a Mile from a fmall Village called
Abbar-, and in the midway from Denbigh to Gui-
'Jety as alfo nere a Wooden Bridge, which gives
pallage over the River Dee, to a fmall Village
called Balam, which is in North-Wales -, and in go-
ing up the Hill which leads to Bangor, as alfo near
Anglefey in the way leading to the Houfe formerly
bir John Owin' s.

yiu Tfe Times. The firft Flowers from May
all the Summer Months, and the three laft about
the end of June and in July, and the Seed is ripe
in Auguji or not long after Flowering; in fome
places earlier, and in fome Places later.

IX. The Qualities. They are all of them of
the Nature of the Garden Poppy, to which I refer
you.

X. The Specification. The Corn Poppy Fas the
fime Speciiick Virtues with the Garden Poppies.

I he Bafiard Kinds cool, are profitable againft Infla-
te “c?*, the Bloody Flux, obltruffions
01 the Spleen, and the bitings or lfingings of Ve-
nomous .Creatines. They . heal Green Wounds,
alfo old Sores , Cankers and Running Fiftula’s
help againft the Quinfie, give eafe ii? Gout and
Kheumatifms , confume Warts , and take away
black and blew Spots, or difcolorings of the Skin
They are profitable againft Sore Eyes, and are pood
to take away Clouds, Mills, Films, or Skins
which grow over them, and hinder the Sight.

XI. The Preparations. From th£ Corn Fop.
py. You may make i. A Juice, and Effence.

2. A Decotlion. 2. An Oil or Ointment. 4 a
Cataplafm. ;. A Bifiil/cd Water from the whole
Plont. 6. A Dijh/led Water from the l lowers
7. Spirtus Pap averts erratic Spirit of Corn
Poppies. 8. SpiritusRhaadm Crapularius TheSur
feit Spirit of Poppies. 9. TinSure of Corn Poppy
flowers. 10. Another Tinl/ure of the fame li
Syrup of Lorn Poppy F lowers, 1 2. Another Syrup
of the Janie. y r

The Virtue/.

FF- r,’e J“!ce °r Effence. They are Anodyns-
and being bathed warm upon any parr of the Body
give preient eafe ■, bathed on the Head Fore-headY
and Temples, they eafe the Megrim and Head-ach
and caufe Reft and Sleep. They allay Mama*
ons, and prevail againft Anthonies Fire, ard
* ^ 2 allevi-'

900 Salmon’.? ‘Herbal. Lib, I

alleviate the (harp and fiery Heat of Burnings and
Scaldings.

XIII. T he DecoO'm of toe Greek Heads and
Seed. It has all the Virtues of the Juice and
Effence, befides which, given inwardly it cools the
heat of Fevers, is profitable againlt Deliriums and
Frenzies, eal'es pains and Hitches of the Sides, and
prevails againlt tbe'Colick ; dropt into the Eyes, it
is good againlt Inhumations therein, Blood-lhot,
vehement fains, and defluxions of hot and (harp
Humors. Dole from 2 to fix Spoontuls, (Weetned
with Syrup of Violets , or White Sugar.

XIV. The Oil or Ointment. It is Angular againlt
the Gout in Hands, Arms, Legs and Feet. The
Head and Temples anointed therewith, it eales the
Megrim and Head-ach, and procures Reft and Sleep.
It is good againlt Delirium or Frenzy; and is pro-
fitable to cool and allay Inflamations in what part
of the Body foever.

XV. The Catap/afm. It is made of the Greet.
Heads and Seed, and for want of them of the Seed.
It has in outward Application all the Virtues of the
Juice, Efience , Oil and Ointment : Applyed to the
Fore-head and Temples it gives eafe in the Megrim
and Head-ach. Applyed to the Crown of the
Head (being firft Shaved) it is profitable againlt
Dotage, and perturbation of the Senfes. Applyed
to any part, it repreftes, and repercuffes the Flux
of Humors, efpecially to the Joints, eafing all
manner of pains vvhatfoever.

XVI. The Dijlil/cd Water out of the Green
Heads and Seed, and indeed from the whole Plant.
It is refrelhing'-and cooling, and very profitable
being takdn -inwardly againlt burning Fevers, more
efpecially if it is acuated with a few Drops of Spi-
rit of Salt, or Sulphur, and then dulcified with
Double refined Sugar : and makes a good Vehicle
for conveying other Medicines, (efpecially Opiates)
dotvn into the Body : it gives Reft and Eafe to
weary” Bodies , and caufes pleafant Sleep. It
quenches the heat, and allays the fury of Antho-
nies Fire , by cooling and fupprefling the Flumor.
Dtopt into the Eyes, it prevails alfo againlt an
Ophthalmia or Inflamation in them, and ltops the
Flux of the Elumor.

XVII. The Difti/led Water from the Flowers. It
is a Angular good thing for the cure of the Pleu-
lifie, and all forts of pains and ditches in the Side.
It is an excellent thing to give Reft and Eafe to
Women in Child-Bed, after due cleanfing ; and to
give pleafant Sleep. It is held alfo to be of good
ufe againft Surfeits, to drink it Evening and Morn-
ing , more efpecially if it is fweetned with the
Syrup of the flowers. Varkinfon fays, It is more
cooling in quality than any other Poppy, (vix credo)
and therefore cannot but be as effeftual in hot
Agues, Frenzies, and other Inflamations either in-
ward or outward.

XVIII. Spiritus Papaveris erratic i. The Spirit
of Corn Poppies. Take J Vi Id or Corn Poppy flowers
S Pounds, rectified Spirit of Wine 16 Pounds, mix,
djgeft a Week, and then diftill in a G/afs Alembick
in Balneo to drinefs. Affufe this djtilled Liquor
upon as many more of the Jame flowers, digeft again a
Days and dip Has before : this di ft tiled Spirit affufe
again a third time upon frejh flowers, and if you fo
pleafe a fourth time , difti/ling each time to drinefs ;
Lajily, in a gentle Balneo , draw off three parts of
the Liquor, which keep as Spirit of Poppies ftm-
plc. 2. Or thus. Take french Corn Poppy flowers
20 Pounds-, White Port Wine 16 Pounds ; mix, and
with Sugar 1 or 4 Pound, and a large Leven dijjolved
in the Wine , caufe a fermentation, t ill the whole
becomes fomewhat Acid, then dijhl in Balneo to dri-
nefs. Affufe the Liquor upon 10 Pounds more of

j refit flowers, digejt 3 Days, and diflil in like man
nor to drinefs. Then in a gentle Balneo, draw off
the one half of the Liquor , which keep for Spirit
of Corn Poppy flowers. If you continue the diftil-
lation to drinefs in the fame Balnea, you may 'keep
the Liquor for Aqua Papaveris, or referve it for
making more Spirit with. If you would have a
Spirit from the whole Plant, you may proceed
with it in the lame manner, as with the Flowers,
by eithej: of the former ways, or otherwife yon
may make it after this manner. Take Corn Poppies,
the whole Plant when in flowering, as much as you
pleafe , bntijc it well in a Marble Mortar-, add warm
Rain Water 4 times the quant ity in weight, diffolving
in every Gallon of Wetter a Pound of brown Sugar-,
mix well, and caufe them to ferment to a fit Acidi-
ty. 1 hen diflil in a Copper Vefica Pin'd within,
in a proper heat, drawing off the firft quarter parr
0} the humidity for Spirit of Poppies: and half
the remaining part for Poppy Water: which keep
for ufe, or referve for making new Spirit of Poppies.
Any of tiiefe Spirits ate excellent againft the Coliclf,
and to alleviate pains in any part of the Body.
They give eafe in the Stone, and are profitable
againft After-pains of Women in Child-Bed , and
with a great deal of pleafure induce Sleep. Bur
thefe things they will do more powerfully, if you
make a TinHure of the Flowers with the fame.
They have in a Word, the Virtuesof Spiritus Opij ,
in Sell. LII, of the former Chapter, but not alto-
gether fo powerful. Dofe from half a Dram, to
3 Drams, plus-minus.

XIX. Spiritus Rhteudus Crapularii/s, The Surfeit
Spirit of Poppies. Take Corn Poppy flowers new
gathered a Pound ; Caraway Seeds 2 Ounces ; Nut-
megs I Ounce ; Ambergnfe 4 Grains,-, Spirit of
Wine 4 Pounds ; digeft according to Art-, ftraincur ,
and keep it for Ufe. Dofe from 4 Drams, to 4 Ounces,
at the Hours of Sleep, or in the Morning after
Surfeiting. It is a Specifick alfo in a Pleurifie.
The Spirit of Wine here intended is only common
Spirit of Wine or Brandy, for otherwile the Dofe
could not be fo large as we have here given it. ft
is not only excellent againft Surfeiting and Drunk-
ennefs, as alfo the Pleurifie, but againlt all manner
of pains and Hitches in theSides, Brett and Stomach
the Colick and gripings of the Guts, pains in the
Back, Reins and Bladder, but indeed againft all
manner of Pains in what part of the Body foever.
It gently provokes Sweat, diffolves coagulated
Blood, and gives relief againft the ftrongelt Ago-
nies. It m.iy be given either alone Iweetned with
White Sugar, or in Wine, or Aqua LaUis alexiter'ut
chiefly at Night going to Bed.'

XX. Ti allure of Corn Poppy Flowers. Take
Corn Poppy flowers frejh gathered a Pound: Spirit
of Corn 'Poppy flowers , choice Canary or Sherry
Wine, of each 2 Pounds : Winters Cinnamon in
tine Pouier 2 Ounces : Cochinelc in fine Pouder,
choice Eng/ijh Saffron, of each half an Ounce: mix ,
digeft, and make a Tinllurc according to Art. It
has all the V irtues and Excellencies of all the Spi-
rits of the flowers, at Sell. XIX and XX, afore-
going: befides which it is an excellent Cordial
and a potent expeller of Wind, and therefore good
againft Fainting and Swooning Fits, Sicknefs at
Heart, CV. Dofe from half an Ounce to an Ounce,
or more in a Glafs of Angelica Water , well dul-
cified with white Sugar.

XXI. Tinltura Papaveris erratic i Mynfichti,
another Tinfdure of the fame from Mynjicht.
Take Corn Poppy flowers 1 Ounces ; fprinkle them
will) Spirit of Vitirol a Dram: then with the
Di f illed Water from 30 Ounces of the Juice of
frejh flowers, exlrali a Rubicund TinUure, which

filter.

Chap. 574, ‘Engfojh Herbs .

901

_/z//£r, add thereto , Syn//? 0/ //;<?' Juke of Corn
Poppy Pioneers Vitriolated 8 Ounces: mix and keep
them for Ufe. It is excellent in all thin and ffiarp
defluxions of Rheum upon the Lungs and Afpera
Arteria : It caufes Reft and Sleep, cures Coughs,
Hoarfnefs, and Wheezings,' eafes the Phthifick * is
good againft Pleurifies, pains and flitches in the
Sides * eafes all forts of Dolors and Griefs, abates
Inflamations , provokes Sweating , and flops the
Bloody Flux , as alfo the Terms and Whites in
Women. Dofe 2 Ounces alone, or with fome other
proper Vehicle.

XXII. Syrupus dcPapavere erratic 0, fiveRubro ,
Syrup of Corn Poppies. Take Corn Poppy P/ovoers
2 Pounds * warm Spring Water 4 Pounds : deep or
injufe , and the next Day f rain it - repeat the Inf u-
fion with new P lowers * fra in again , and with its
equal weight of Sugar, boil it into a Syrup in Bal ■
neo. It is excellent to cool and abate the heat of
Fevers, eafes all forts of Pains , caufes Reft and
Sleep , abates the violence of Pleurifies, Colicks,
violent pains of the Stone, and flops all forts of
Fluxes of the Belly, as Diarrhoea, Dyfenteria, Li-
enteria, Hepatick Fluxes, as alfo the Terms and
Whites in Women. Dofe from one Spoonful to
2 or 3, either alone, or in fome proper Vehicle.

XXIII. Syrupus Hemoptoicus , feu Diacodium
Liquidum Papaveris erratici , another Syrup of
Corn Poppies. Take Heads and Seeds of the Wild
or Corn Poppy Number 20. Juice of Spanifh Liquo-
rice an Ounce * bruife the Heads and Seed , and jtcep
them in Rain Water 8 Pints, for 4 Hours -, and then
dijfolve in it the Spanifi Juice * boil gently in Bal-
7tco to 6 Pints : Jtrain leifurely thro ’ a Plannel Bag ,
end with white Sugar 1 2 Pound make a Syrup . It
gives eafe in Pains, and caufes Reft and Sleep * it
Hops Vomiting, helps in the Colick * is good againft
a Loofnefs and all other Fluxes of the Belly, as
alfo Fluxes of Humors to any part* prevails againft
Afthma’s, Coughs, Colds, Phthificks, fpittingand
piffing Blood, gives eafe in the Stone, Gravel and
Strangury , as alfo in the Gout , and all other
Pains wherefoever. Dofe from half an Ounce to
an Ounce, Ounce and half or more, as occafion
requires.

The Baftard Wild POPPY.

XXVIII. The Liquid Juke. Dropt into the
tyes, it takes away Milts, Clouds, and Films
which hinder the Sight, alfo Inflamations and Hear’
and cutes the Difeafe of the Eye called Argema
(from which the Herb took its Name) which is the
H.izv in the Eye : the Malady, when i t happens on the
black or the Eye, it appears white; and contrari-
wife, when it falls on the white of the Eye, it ap-
pears blackilh , or of another color. Bathed alfo
on Warts it confumes them.

XXIX. The Etfence of the Leaves and. Roots.
Gwen to 2 Drams or more in Ale, Beer or Wine
it is good againft the Griping of the Guts. Taken
in Sherry, Canary, or other ftroug Wine, it pow-
erfully expels Poilon: it opens obltrucfions of the
Spleen, and eafes the pains thereof : and is good a-
gainft the bitings or flinging of Serpents, Mad-Dogs
Hornets, Scorpions, or other Venomdbs Creatures.
The Effence inwardly taken , and a Cataplafm of
the Leaves being outwardly applyed : and taken
in Red Port W£ine , is good againft the Bloody
Flux.

XXX. The Infufton in Water or Wine. It pre-
vails powerfully againft the Griping of the Guts
a Diarrhea , or Loofenefs, and other Fluxes of the
Bowels : and is laid to give eafe in the pains of the
Hypochonders.

XXXI. The Decoflion in Wine. Bathed upon
places black and blew, or otherwife difcolored by
Blows, Falls, &c. whether on the Face,Eyes,or other
parts, it quickly reftores them to their reftitude.
Ir is good againft the Bloody Flux : and is a pre-
fent Remedy againft the flinging or biting of any
Creature.

XXXII. The Ointment , made with Oil, Wax
and Turpentine. It heals any Ample Green Wound
running Sore, or old Ulcer ; and being applyed to
Joints pained with the Gout, it eafes the pain
in a little time cures the Difeafe. It is good alio
agatnft Cramps, Convullions, and other lik'd' Di-
feafes of the Nerves.

XXXIII. The Cataplafm of Leaves and Heads.
It heals Cankers, old Ulcers, running Fiftula’s:
confumes and takes away Warts* cures recent Con-
tufions, as alfo difcolorings of the Skin. And
being made with Wine Vinegar, it cures the Quin-
ley being applyed to the Throat * and eafes the
Gout , and takes it away being applyed to the
place agrieved.

XXIV. T he Qualities. It is hot and dry in the
third Degree, Abfterfive, Anodyn, Vulnerary, Ar-
thritick and Alexipharmick.

XXV. The Specification. It prevails againft
dimnefs of Sight, Bloody Flux, the Poyfon of
Venomous Bealls, obftructions of the Spleen,
Quinfey, Belly-.ach, Gout, Cramps, Convullions
and the like: Tt is faid to cure Warts alfo,
Green Wounds , old Sores , running Ulcers and
Fiftula’s.

XXVI. The Preparations. You have therefrom,

1. The Green Leaves. 2. A Juice. 5. An Effence.
4. An Infufion in Water. 5. A Decottion in M^ge.
4. An Ointment. 7. A Cataplafm. W

The Virtues. ^

XXVII. TheCreenLeaves. Being oftentimes in
a Day, and for feveral Days together, rubbed upon
Warts, they Confume them, and "take them away :
the fame they do to Corns , more efpecially, if
they being frefti gathered, are alfo bound thereto,
Morning and Night.

CHAP. DLXXV.
Of POPPY Horned.

I- 'T’ U E Nantes. It is called in the Arahick •
.1 Almacharam : in Greek , Mmw Yaea-rnn : jn
Latine , Papaver Corniculatum tj 1 Carmttum ( a Ji-
liquarum effigie Corniculorum mode lnflexa, becaufe
the Rods are crooked like a Cornep or Horn.) Pliny
and others fay , it was alfo called Parttlion , i. e.
Marinum ; and of fome Papaver Sylvejtre-, in
Enghjh it is called the Horned Poppy. '

II. The Kinds. Of the Horned Poppv we make

two Principal Kinds, viz. I. Papaver

Corniculatum verum , The true Horned Poppy.
II. Mimuy Kiee-vn! FoQoii, Papaver Cornkulatum nothum
The Baftard Horned Poppy.

III. The particular Kinds. Of the I. Species
there are thefe three following, viz. i. Papaver

Cornicu -

902

Salmon j4 Herbal. Lib, 1

Corniculalum l in eum. The yellow Horned Poppy
and Sea Poppy. Many Authors have thought that
Glaucium was made hereof, as Di of cor ides himfelf
fays, and as Pliny like Wile thought: But Diof cori-
des in deferibing Glaucium , does not fay it is
the Juice oj Horned Poppy -, but it is the Juice of
an Herb, that has Leaves lomething like unto thofe
of the Horned Poppy , but fatter or thicker, and
yielding a yellow Juice : fo that being but like to
it, it cannot be the fame thing. 2. Papaver Corni-
culat'um rub rum. The Red Horned Poppy. 3. Pa ■
paver Qornkulattun l lore Violaceo, The blew or
Violet colored Horned Poppy. This the Spani-
ards call Rofetta, and fome Amapolos Morados,
becaufe the Flowers give a juice like Mulberries.,
Of the II. Species, there are the two lollowing
forts, viz. 4. 'TtAmov x) 'Tttcpsoi' j in Latine, Hype-
coum , and Hypopheum Hypecoum legitim um Clufij
if Bauhini , The Baltard Horned Poppy or Hype-
coum Diofcoridis. 5. Hypecoum alterum Hypecoi
altera Species Bauhini, The fecond Kind of Baftard
Horned Poppy. Some Authors will have thefe
Baltard Species to be a fort of Cuminum Syhefre,
and call each of them , Cuminum ftliquofum , if
Cuminum Sylveftre ftliquofum, but I think very im
properly , for they are not in the leaft akin, to
any of the Species of Cumin, but rather a fort of
Wild Poppies, as is very manifeft both from their

it has many long, and fom achat large, whitifh , or
hoary Leaves, lying upon the Ground, very much cut
in or torn on the edges, and fomething rough or
hairy-, from among which rife up fever al weak
round Stalks leaning down, rather than funding
upright, fomewhat hairy alfo , fpreading forth into
feveral Branches , and bearing a large blower, at
the lop of every one of them , confifing of four
Leaves, of a delicate pale yellow color, with a few
Threads in the middle, funding about a final l crook-
ed Point el, which in time grows to be a long, naked \
round Pod, fix Inches or more long, with a fmall
Head or Button, as it were , at the end thereof, in
which is contained, fmall blaekifh round Seed • every
part if this Plant, being cut or broken, fends forth
a yellow Juice, and of a bitter Tafe.

V. The fecond, or Red Horned Poppy. Its
Root is long and fender, per if ting every Tear ;
raifing it felf again from its own Sowing , or e/Je
muf be fown every Tear in the Spring. This has
fewer, lejjer , and more jagged Leaves than the
former, nothing fo whit if? , but of a dull green
color, fomething hairy alfo. The Stalks are fender er,
and lower , bearing blowers at the tops of them ,

Poppy Horned Red.

Chap. 57 5. Englijb Herbs . ~ 903

bait • : and the color of the blowers are of a pale
yellowifh red: both which accidents Clufius fays
happen to the former , towards the latter end oj
Summer.

VII. The third , or Blew, Or Violet colored

Horned Poppy. Its Root is long and fmall with a
few Fibres Jdjoyning to it , and perijhes every Tear.
This grows much lower , and with f mailer Leaves ,
very much , and finely cut in , or rather divided
into many parts , 0/ green color. The Stalks
are low and flender , fomething hairy , r/jfag ^
much above a Foot , or fw and half high at mofi,
with fmall Flowers at their tops , //’/te the
fecond Kind for form , viz. confijting of four Leaves,
but of a fair deep purple color , tf/wp/? //&■ #77/0 ^
Violet : which come fmall , flender and fhorter

Tods , wr dfeuf 0 Fingers length, in which lies fitch
like blackifh Seed but final ler.

VIII. T/v fourth , 0/' Ballard Horned Poppy, or
true Hypecoum Diofcorides. J/j- is fmall and
a little Stringy , perifhing every Tear, at the firft ap-
proach of Winter, is very hardly made to fpring
again , but by f owing its Seed in Autumn. This
fmall Riant hat divers long Leaves lying on the
Ground , very much divided , and cut into many
parts , of a pale or whitijh green color , fio like unto
Fumitory in the color of the Leaves , as alfiG fiomc-
what near it, in the many divifions and parts there-
cj, that it will fooit deceive one that does but f light-
ly view it, but is f mailer and thinner , and more
gentle in Handling. , yet is larger in Spain, as Clufius
fays, than that which grows with us. In the middle
of thefe Leaves rife? up a Stalk , fometime two ,
with fome Leaves thereon , which divide or fipread
out towards the top into feveral Branches: at the
tops of which fiand fmall yellow Flowers , confifiing
of fix Leaves , two whereof are larger than the
reft, and fiand oppofite to one another , the others
being very fmall and fcarcely difeerned , till the
Flower is fully blown open. After which fpring
out long , crooked, flat, husky Horns , or Cods, full
of Joints, fome what like unto the Husks or Horns
of the Scorpioides Matthioli, but greater and long-
er in the feveral Joints of which ly feveral fquare
yellowifh Seed, very difficult to be taken forth or
feparated from the Husks or Skins. The Plant has
a Poppy like Smell, and of an unpleafant Tafie.

IX. The fifth , or Second Kind of Ballard Horn-
ed Poppy. This Plant is very like unto the for-
mer, but that the Leaves thereof are not fo Broad
nor long , but more finely divided, fomething like
unto the Sefeli, or Hartwort of Marfeilles, or Wild
Chervil: The Stalks are fmooth , full of Leaves
and Branches , which fend forth yellow Flowers,
made of five pointed Leaves • which being pa ft
away, long Cods come in their places, which fiand
not upright , but hang down -, nor are crooked like
the former , but firaight , and Jointed , containing
greater yellow Seed, not much unlike to thofe of
Galega or Goats Rue.

X. The Places. The firll or Sea Poppy , grows
upon the Sands and Banks of the Sea ^ and Natu-
rally by the Sea fide as well beyond Seas, as on
the Coalls of our own Country in many Places.
Gerard fays he found it growing near unto Rye in
Kent', in the Ifles of Sheppy and Thanet $ at Lee in
EJJex, and Harwich, and at Whit e-fi able, and in
many other places on the Englifh Shore. It is a
pleafant Plant, and is now planted in Gardens, for
its beautiful Afpefl, as well as for its Virtues.
The fecond and third are Natives of Spain, Aufiria,
and Bohemia h Angelas Palea, and Bartholomew ab
Urbe Veter urn, fay, that the fecond grows in the

Flounlh °nly in Gardens. The fourth
and fifth grow in Provence in France, in the way
to Arles and Mompelter , and other places in that
Kingdom: as alfo in divers places in Spain , as
Clufius : but with us they are only found grow-
mg in Gardens.

XI. The Times. The firll Flowers from May all
the Summer long to the beginnihg of September,
and its Seed ripens m the mean time. The fecond
blowers feldom before July, and gives ripe Seed
tlle SeaFon proves temperate
and kindly, otherwife not. The third, as it late
before it fptings up, 1b it comes late in the Year to
flowering, for which reafon it rarely gives ripe
i d with us. The fourth and fifth Flower about
the end of June and in July, and the Seed is ripe
later /r > ln lome places earlier, and in others

Specification, Preparations,
indVtttues ol the two lalt, viz. the Hypecoa , are
?UCihahe Fame Wlth th°k of the Corn Toppy in
§ PlaPter3 f° that nothing more need be
laid ot them here.

Of the True Horned Foppy.

XIII. The Qualities of the Horned Poppy. It is

ail “r \ot and drf the third Degree And is
Ablteifive Aperitive, Diuretick and Vulnerary : He-
patick, Nephntick, and Cathartick.

XIV. The Specification. It prevails againlt
the Strangury Obltaaion of the Spleen, heals
Green Wounds, and old rotten Sores and Ulcers
and by its Cathartick Quality, eafes the Pains of the
bciatica.

T The Preparations. You may make, x. A_
Ltqtad Juice or EJJence. 2. A DecoBion of the
Rwr. A Ponder of the Seed. 4. An Oil of the
Leaves and Flowers. ; . A Liniment of the fame.
6. An Ointment, y. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues .

XVI. The Liquid Juice or EJJence. Given to 2
or 3 Spoonfuls (i( the Juice, being firll clarified)
in a Glafs of P art Wine, it provokes Urine, cleanfes
the Rems and Bladder, and carries off the Morbi-
rnatter of the Gout, Rheumatifm, Stone, OV.
XVU. lhe DecoBion of the Root in Water. Be-
ing boiled to the confumption of the one half
a od then (trained out and Drank, it opens the Ob-
itruclions of the Liver and Reins, and gives eale in
the pains of the Sciatica, and admirably provokes
Urine, giving eafe in the Strangury.

XVIII. The Pouder of the Seed. Being given
from the quantity of 2 Scruples to 2 Drams vi~
about a Spoonful at a time in Mead or Honied
Water, it is laid gently to purge rile Belly.

XIX. The Oil of the Leaves and Flowers made

by Inflation, or CoBion. It is good to clear the
Fyehght, and to take away Spots and Films upon
them 5 for which purpofe it is alfo ufed to the Eves
of Cattel. 1

XX. The Liniment of the Leaves and Flowers.
!t h made of their Juice mixed with Honey and Oro-
brts Meal, with an addition of Oil of Hypericon •
cleanfes foul and virulent Ulcers, and that fo pow-
erfully, that Galen advifes, that it fhould not be

, ‘“1 1 ““-.“Sr m me applyed unto thofe Sores or Ulcers, which are al-

Kmgdoms of Arrttgon m&CaJhle in Spain, in the ready cleanfed , leail it (hould confume the quick
Fields and near Common High-ways j but with us j Flelh alfo. It takes away alfo by the ftrength and

force

904

Salmon’ s Herbal, Lib. i

ioree of its Abfterfive quality , even thole Crults
Which grow upon Ulcers, by negleU or ill looking
after.

XXL The Ointment. It is made of the Leaves
and Flowers , by boiling or Infuflng in Oil of Hyperi-
con , adding after Exprejfion , Turpentine a quarter
part •, Wax, Frankince.rtf e , of each an eighth part •,
Louder of Tobacco a tenth part. It has all the
Virtues of the Liniment cleanfes putrid Sores,
old Ulcers, and running Fiftula’s powerfully , and
heals fimple Green Wounds , after an admirable
manner.

XXII. The Cataplafmof the Leaves and Flow-
ers. Being applied to filthy putrid Sores, rot-
ten Ulcers and running Fiftuia’s, it JAbfterges
them wonderfully, and difpofes them to incar-
nation or healing. .

CHAP. DLXXVI.

Of POPPY Spading.

I. HP di E Names. It has no Greek Name
_L that we know of : but is called in La-
tine , Papaver Spumcum : in Englifh , Spat ling
Poppy , or Frothy Poppy , becaufe oftentimes
about the Joints a certain frothy kind of Sub-
ftance is feen.

II. The Kinds. Whether it is of the Kinds
of Poppies or no, I will not determin. It is
a lingular Plant of the Kind , and ought rather
to be accounted a Kind of Lychnis , (as molt
Herbarifis think it to be:) It is called by
fome Ben , or Behen album ( differencing it
from the Valeriana rubra Dodonuei , W muf-
cipula Lobelij , each of which is called
Ben , .or Behen rubrum: ) tho* neither of
them is the true Behen album , or rubrum
of the Arabians : Bauhinus calls it, Lych-
nis Sylvefiris qu£ Ben vel Behen album vu/go ,
which is all that can be fa id of it as relating
to its Speices.

T be Description*

111. Its Roots is white , and fpreads it felf
abroad in the Earth abiding many Tears. It ;s
a fmall low Herb , having divers weak tender
Stalks , full of Joints , about half a Yard or
two Feet in height or length , they ufually lying up-
on the ground * on which grow many pale
whitifh green Leaves , two always fet together
one again]} another at the Joints : having many
times upon the Leaves , but more often about
the Joints of the Stalks, a certain white frothy
Sub(}ance , like unto that which is called Cuckow
Spittle. At the tops of the Stalks grow 7nany
Flowers together , every one on a pretty long
Foot Stalk , hanging down their Heads , which are
white, compofed of Jive fmall white Leaves a
piece with a deep notch in the middle of each
one of them, making the Flower to feem to conflfi
of more 'than five Leaves h they all fianding in a
large Hofe or Holfter firiped, the flower Jcarcely
appearing above it ; wherein afterwards >is con-
tained Black Seed.

P '°ppy Spading

IV. The Places. It grows generally through-
out England in many places and taifeas, and
Hedgfides; by fome it is much valuSl, utid there-
fore planted alfo in Gardens.

V. The ’Times. It flowers almoft from the
beginning of June till the end of July and
fometimes later; and the feed ripens in the
mean feafon. And as the Root abides all the
IVinter, fo alfo do fome of the Leaves keep
green all that Seafon.

VI. T be Qualities. It is hot and dry in the
fecond degree. Aperitive Abfterfive, Cephalick,
Cathartick and Emetick.

VII. The Specification. Ir is peculiar for the
cure of the Epilepfy or Falling ficknefs , and o-
ther cold and moift difeafes of the Brain.

VIII. The Trepanations. The Ponder of the
Seed is only in ufe.

The Virtues.

IX. It may be given from a dram to two
drams, in Mead or Honied water : it caufes vo.
miting , and purges downwards Pituitous or
flegmy humors, and is .efpecially good for the
Cure of the Falling Sicknefs, and other Cold
and moift difeafes of Head and Brain.

POTATO-Canada , fee Hartichoke Jerufalem,
Chap. 340.

CHAP.

Chap. 577- “Englijh Herbs.

9° 5

CHAP. DLXXVII.

Of POTATO,

Spaniih , Virginian , and Engliih.

I. 'T' H F. Naims. It lias no Greek Name
X that we know of: but it is called
by our Modem Authors Battuta, Batlatas ,

Anuses , Camotes , Ignaties , Ft Inhumes ; and
by the Indians , Papas , Fa pits , and Pap-
pits-, we in Englijh call it, Pot aw , and Pt>-

t JlUS.

II. The Kinds. There are three fevetal
Species of this Plant, which are almoft as
different one from another , as they ate every
one of them different from the Jcrujalen:
Hartichoke. I. The hi it is Batlatas, five Pap-
fas Hifpaniarum , The Spaniih Potato, becaufe
it grows nor only in Spain , but in all the
Spanifh IVeft-Indies ; as all'o every where almoft in
our IVeli-India Plantations. 2. Pappas vel Bat-
tata Virginiana , The Virginian Potato, which
grows wild not only in Virginia, but almoft
every where thro’ the whole Continent of
Florida. 3. Pappa Jets Battata Anglicana feu
Hiberniana , The Engliih or Irifh Potato ,
which grows in valt plenty in many of
our Englijh Gardens , fo that now the

Roots are fold by Bufhels in our London
Markets. .

The Dcfcriplions.

III. The firft , or Spaniih Potato. It has
many firm and fweet Roots, which being boiled,
baked , or Roajted, are of a pleafant fweet
Tafle, exceeding in ielicioufnej s any other Root
wbatfoever : it is in Jhape and form fomewhat like
so Afphodil Root , tuberous, knobby, and from
two to eight or ten Inches in length , more or
left, with an anfwerable thicknefs-, much greater
than Afphodil Roots , and larger at one end
than at another: fome forts of them are long-
er , others rounder and thicker ; fome of them
of a white color, fome of a yellow color, others
if a pale brown, and fome of a kind of red-
tjh color-, and of a white, or yellowijh white
within , the whole Root being of one /olid , corn-
pail, or uniform SubJIance, without any Heart
or Pith in the middle , as Carrots and Parfneps
have-, many of them J fringing and growing as
it were from one Head. Prom the Head of
thefe Roots fpring up many long Branches ,
which by reafon of their weight and weaknefs
sannot Jiand of themfelves , but trail on the
Ground, a Hard or ford and half in length ,
tr more, on which are J'et at feveral diftances,
broad, and in a manner triangular , or three
cornered Leaves , not very much unlike to thofe
of Ivy , foff in feeling to, and of a dark green
color, the two fides whereof are broad and
round, as to the middle pan thereof, but point-
ed at the end, and growing pretty clofe to-
gether.

Spanifh “Potatoes

IV. The Jecond , or Virginian Potato. The
Root of this k nothing like the former neither in
form, magnitude, color, nor tafte , nor refembles it
in any thing but the folid , comp all, uniform
SubJIance thereof. The Roots are fmall , fome
about the bignefs of Wall-Nuts, green and all,
fome lejfer by much , and others greater ; fome cf
them almoft round, fome oval, fome of a long round
and almoft pointed at each end, jome fmooth, others
knobby, all of them being tuberous , of a dirty brown
wbitijh color on the out fide, and white within ; not
of a pleafant fweet Tafte , as the Spaniih are, but
rather of a Flatulent , or infipid Tafte, which yet
being boiled, baked, or roafted-, and eaten with
Butter , Salt, Vinegar, and a little Sugar, are moil
admirable Food, and not much inferior to thofe of
the Spanifh Kind, (both forts cf them, as alfo the
Engliih following, being very mealy when they are
dreft, for which reafon they require a great deal
of Butter .) It has many weak and fomewhat
flexible Branches , leaning a little downwards, or
eafily born down with the Wind or other things,
befet with many Winged Leaves, of a dark grayifh
green color, whereof divers are Jmaller, and Jome
5 2 greater

9°6

Salmon V Herbal

Lib. I.

greater than others. The flowers grow many toge-
ther upon a long Stalky coming Jonh jrcm hot ween
the Leaves anJ the great Stalks , every one feveral-
ly , upon a fhort Jool Stalk , Jmcichat like to the
f lowers of Tobacco for the form , bang one whole
Leaf , fix cornered at the brims , but fame thing
larger , and of a pale blewifh purple color , or pale
Dove color, and in fome altnojl white, with Join e
red Threads in the middle , funding about a thick
Cold-yellow Pointel , lift with green at the end
After the flowers are paft, there comes up in their
places J. 'mall round Berries or fruit, as large as a
Damfon, or Bully, green at the fit ft, and fome
thing whiti/h afterwards , with many white Seeds
therein I. ke to Night-lhade ; from the likenefs oj
which Buuhinus upon Matthiolus calls it Solanum
tuberofum efculentum.

V. The third, or Engliftl, or Irifh Potato. Thv
is a roundijh tuberous Root fome times fmooth,fome
times knobby , of various magnitudes from th.
fmallnefs of a Filbert , to bigger than a large Tijl
doubled-, it is foltd, comp all, and oj one uniform
Subftance, while within , and redJijh without, ha-
ving a Cuticula or Scarf Skin, over the pnneipa
Skin , not Jweet in Tafte, like thoje of the Spanilh
Kind, but of a more flatulent cr infiptd I'afte, wind
being throughly boiled, baked or r afted, are mealy
like the others. They are difperjed under the
Ground by many final! Threads or Strings, from iht
head of the Root, and one from another , each en
creaftng in its tuberous bulk, in its fiction cr place
where it lyes, without running deeper into the
Ground, iu long Roots . ufually do.

VI. The Places. Tii&fiilt grow in Spain and
Portugal and in the Weft-Indies, as well among the
fnghjh and Dutch in out Plantations, as among
the Spaniards, wh'o plant them univerfally tor
Food. The fecond grow plentifully in Virginia
and through all florida. The third are only Nurft
up in Gardens in England and Ireland, where they
flourifh and come to perfeiftion, prod gioufly en-
creating to a vaft plenty.

VII. The Times. The firft beat their green
Leaves all the Summer , which perilh with the
Stalks at the firft approach ot Winter, or any great
Frott ; The fecond thruft forth their Leaves in the
beginning of May , the Flowers bud forth in Ali-
gn ft ; and the Roots are fit for Food in September.
The lait their Roots come to perfeflion towards
the latter end of Autumn, and encteafe in iargeneis
and goodnefs, being a good provific®_ibr Food,
through the whole Winter.

VIII. The Qualities. The Leaves of Potato are
maniteftly hot and dry in the beginning of the
fecond Degree, as manifeftly appear by the Tafte.
But the Roots are temperate in refpeft to heat ot
cold, dryneis and moifture : They Aftringe,are mo-
derately Diuretick, Stomatick, Chylifick, Analep-
tick, and Spermatogenetick.

IX. The Specification. They noutifti the whole
Body , reftore in Confumptions , and provoke
Lutt.

X. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, i. The boiled, baked, or roaftei Roots. 2.
The Broth. 3. Sanguis, T he Blood.

The Virtues.

XI. The Prepared Roots. They ftop Fluxes of
the Bowels, nouriih much, and reftore in a pining
Confumption: Being boiled, baked, or rolled,
they are eaten with good Butter , Salt , Juice of
Oranges 01 Limans , and double refined Sugar, as

common Food : rhey encreafe Seed and provoke
Lull, caufing Fruitfulnefs in both Sexes: and
ftop all forts of Fluxes of the Belly.

XII. The Broth of the Roots. They are firft
boiled fift in fair Water, then taken out and peeled,
fterwards put into the fame Water again, and
toiled till the broth becomes as thick, as very thick
Cream , or thin Hafty Pudding : feme mix an equal
quantity of Milk with it, and Jo make Broth : others
liter they are peeled , tnfte.td of putting them into
the Waters they were boiled in, boil them only in
Milk, till they are dijjolved as aforefaii, and the
broth is made pleafant with Jweet Butter, a little
Salt and double relined Sugar, and fo eaten. It has
all the Virtues of the Roots eaten in Subftance,
lourilhes mote, and reliores not only in an Atro-
rhia, ot pining Confumption, but alfo in a Phthifis
ot Ulceration of the Lungs.

XIII. Sanguis, or The B’ood of Potato’s. It is
nude as the Blood of Satyrion, Parfneps, Eddo’s,
Comfrey, and other the like Roots. It may be taken
oa Spoonful or two. Morning, Noon, and Night,
n 3 Glafs of choife, Canary, Tent, A/ieanr , old
Malaga, or other good Wines. It reftoresin deep
,'onlumptions of ait Kinds, nourilhes to admirati*
on, is good againft lmpotency in Men and Batren-
nefsin Women, and has all the other Virtues of
noth the Prepared Roots and Broth.

PRICKET, fee Stone Ciop, Chap.

CHAP. DLXXVIII.

Of PRICK - MADAM.

I. HP H E "Names. It is called in Greek ,
1 'Ah>op crx«Awx.cn/Sf : in La tine, Vermicu-
lar is , Sedum Vcrmiculare , illecebra vermiculata ;
3nd in Enghjh , P rick Madam , (being a certain
Kind of J, mall Houfeleek , or Stone Crop.)

II. The Kinds. There are feveral Species of it

as, I. <rKuxw/.ociJii o Vermicularis Ar-
borefeens , Tree Prick- Madam. 2. ' vkumm-
nh( Qa/JvaAf, Vermicularis Yruticofa altera , Shrub-
by Prick-Madam, or the leffer Tree Prick-Madam,
3. Sedum minus He mat odes ^ fempervivum minus
primum DodonKi ^ Sedum minus mas Yuchfij ; Vermi-
cularn five illecebra major vulgaris , The Common
greater Prick-Madam. 4. Sempervivum minus cefli-
vum Lobelij ; Sedum minus fextus Clufij ^ Ver-
micular is five illecebra minor , A izoon medium
Thalij ; The lefler Prick-Madam , or fmall Stont
Crop. k

The Defcriptions ;

III. The firft, or Tree Prick-Madam. Its Roots
are long, woody, and fpr ending in the Ground-,
this Plant rifes up to be five or fix feet high, as
I ha ve fomet imes obfertfd it, when it is planted in
Gardens in a good Svl-, and is plentifully Jlorel
with Branches, from the bottom to the top , andthick
fet with fmall, long , and round green Leaves,
without any Tafte, very like to thofe of the fmall
Houfeleek, called Stone Crop, (but Lubel fays. It
has a kind of Saltt/h Tafte J yet leffer and greener.

The

Chap. 578. Englijh Herbs.

The flowers grow at the lops of the Branches ,
J mailer than the next which Jo/lows, and of a pale
yellow color. The Branches hereof flipped and put
into the Ground, will quickly take Root and grow.

IV. The fecond, or Shrubby Prick-Madam, or
leffer Tree Prick-Madam. Its Root is hard and
woody ; nor does this Plant grow fo high as the
former , not being much above a foot high. It is
full of Branches , and covered with an Alh colored
Bark , as limber and as pliant as the former. The
Leaves hereof are fomewhat greater and larger than
the other , of a more Saltifh Tajie, and of a darker
green. The flowers grow at the tops of the Branch-
es, and are larger than thofe of the firft, but fewer,
and of a yellotmjh color.

V. The third, or Common greater Prick-Madam.
Its Roots are very fmall and creeping in the Ground ,
and fend forth Stalks with Leaves here and then
all about. This Common greater Prick-Madam,
(which fame call alfo Common greater Stone Crop)
grows Upon the Ground with divers trailing Branch-
es, fet with many thick, fat , and fomewhat round,
wbirijh or yellowifh green Leaves, a little pointed
at the edges. The flowers grow at the tops of the
Branches, many fet together , yet fomewhat loofely,
and not in a thick Tuft or C/ttfter as the Orpines
and are of a yellowifh color.

Prick-Madam fmall.

9° 7

VI. The fourth , or Leffer Prick-Madam , or
fmall Scone Crop. Its Root is creeping , in like
manner as the former , or Common greater Prick-
Madam, and jhoots it felf forth in divers places
alfo. It has fmall and long heaves like the laj ?
going before , which are fet upon fhort foot Stalks
not much above an Hand breadth long , which arc
not fo thick , but more flat , and of a more Styptick
Tafle. The blowers are of a paler yellow color
and greater than the former , but {landing in f par-
fed Tufts in the fame manner. It loofes both Leaf
and Stalk in Winter.

VII. The P laces. The firft and fecond grow by
the Sea fide , and farther off likewife, where the
fecond will have a brackifti Tafte, as well as when

grows near the Sea. The third grows many

Whl!S m GAriem’-lnti other Places uP°n Stone
Walls, and tops of Houfes, almoft every where.

ders Stows among Rubbilli, and intheBor-
d“Lof Ff.lds, °PO> » the Sun, alfo on Mud, or
on Stone Walls, and on other Sandy and Gravelly

TnSVnr oft=V!T UP°» the fides of old
Kingdom0^3 ^ Penthoufes ln many parts of the

VIII. The Times. The firft and fecond Flower
in duguft or very late with us: The third and

fooner. H°Wer ™d 7“'y> and f°metimes

IX. The Qualities. They are cold in the third

Degree, and dry in the firft. Abfterfive Anod™
Repercuffive, and Vulnerary. ’ ody ’

X. The specification. It is good againll the

Gout Pains Aches Strangury, iCalding\nd heat

ot Urine Stone, Gravel, burning Fevers Head-
s'1’ Bleeding at Nofe, Inflamations, Eryfipelas

hU,SleS’ TH-t3£ Rini™> and other
breakings out. as alfo flops Fluxes of Humors
to any part and is good to heal fretting Sores
old Ulcers, Cankers Burnings and Scaldings, with
Fire, Water, or other things. It is laid to wafte
away Vlkirts and Corns, and to free the Skin from
Scurff, Morphew, and other defilements and defor-
mities thereof.

fiomL You may have there-

ftom , I. The green Leaves. 2. A Liquid Juice.
3. A Syrup 4. A F offer, y. An 0,1 orOint-
ment. 6. A Catapla/m. 7. A Dt filled Water.

the V trtttej.

/

Tx“- jreen Leaves. Rubbed upon the
Teeth and hums is good againft the Scurvy in
them, fo alfo being laid between the Lins ind
Night for f Week or Fortner oi mom
Rubbed alfo upon Warts or Corns it caufes them
to wafte away. ‘

in tie Liquid Juice. It cools Inflamations
m the Eyes, being dropt into them, as alfo in other
parts of the Body: it flops Bleeding and all ho
Defluxions of Rheum into the Eyes, ot Ears and
mfes the pains of the Ears being dropt into them
Taken inwardly to a Spoonful or more in jS
Spring Water, or in Bar/y Water, or in Red Wine

na Trhf°V?S?W,ng the Terms in Women
and all forts of Fluxes of the Bowels, ptoceeS
frorn heat and (harp Humors. It Kills Worms In
the Stomach and Guts^ and being bathed upon the
places, is good againft the bitings of Venomous
Bealls. It is profitable alfo againft Anthonies Fire
Shingles, Tettars Ringworms, Scurff, Morphew
Tannednefs Sun-burning, Yellownefs, and other de-
filements and deformities of the Skin, being bathed
upon the Places, and double Cloths dipt® the
fame, being alio applyed over.

XW. T& Syrup It is good againft Inflamati-
ons of Stomach and Lungs, Burning Fevers md
the hot Fits of Agnes, befog given

Wale™ m0r£ ^ a tlme’ in 3 Glafi °f the
X V; The Poffet Drink made of the Juice. It has
the Virtues of the Syrup, being taken in the fame

gaUedplaces Md “ “f1 Und heal ™ ”d
galled places in Children, the parts being bathed

obdet: “S anointedSwith £

XVI. The Oil or Ointment. They cool Inflama
tions 1.1 any part, heal Shingle /Burnings and
5 ^ 2 Scaldings

Salmon '$ Herbal .

Lib. I,

Scaldings with Fire, Water, Oil, or other things, ’
as alfo Cankers, running Sores, fretting Ulcers,
Pimples, Leprofy, and other like Breakings out ot
the Skin. They give eafe in the Gout, and all
other pains Droceeding from heat, and hot folding
or lharp Humors, in what part of the Bodyloever:
and have all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice , as
to outward applications. Anointed on the Fore-
Head, Temples, and Crown ol the Head, it eales
the Head-ach, Megrim, and allays the diltcmpered
heat of the Brain.

XVII. The Cataplafnt. Applyed to Inflamanons,
F.mple Contufions or Bruifes, Anthony's. Fire, or
other hot and fiery eruptions in the Skin, it allevi-
ates the heat, and cures them , fo alfo applyed in
the Gout it gives eafe to the parr, and applyed
to the Crown of the Head and Temples, it is good
againft Frenzies, Deliriums, and Mrdnefs, eales
the pains of thofe parts, and cools and allays the
preternatural heat of the fame, and has indeed
all the Virtues of the Juice , Oil and Ointment , as
to external Applications.

XVIII. The Dijlil/ed Water. Drank Inwardly,
it has all the Virtues of the Juice and Syrup, tho’
not altogether fo powerful; it quenches Third,
allays inward Heats and InHamations, and abates
the fharpnefs of Humors in the Siomach. Out
wardly, it has all the Virtues of th t Juice, Oil and
Ointment , and in efpecial is an incomparable thing
againft an Eryfipelas, and all External Hears, Pim-
ples, eruptions of the Skin , and other detodati-
ons and deformities thereof. The Dijii/led Water,
or th t Juice, being bathed on any place flung with
Nettles, Bees, or Wafps, or bitten with any Ve-
nomous Creature, it prefently gives eafe, and takes
away the pain thereof!

CHAP.' DLXXIX.

Of PRIMROSE.

I, np h e ’Names. It is called in Latine , Pri-
JL muld veris (for I know no Greek Name
it has) which Name I fuppofe it has obtained, be-
caufe it is one of the firft of thofe Planrs which
Flower in the Springy alfo, Alifma Sylvarum
Column#: and in Engltfh, Primrofe.

II. The Kinds. The Primrofe is faid to be a
Species of Herb a Paralyfis , or Ccwflip : and of
this Species, there are two principal Kinds, viz.

I. Primula Veris , or Primrofe, fpecially fo called,
of which we fhall treat in this Chapter. II. Pri-
mula Veris pachyphyllos Lugdunenfis, Auricula Ur Ji ,
The Bears Ear Primrofe, of which we fhall treat,
God willing, in the next Chapter following.

III. The Kinds of the Primrofe fpecially fo cal-
led. Of this there are thefe following Species,
viz. i . Primula veris Plore albo , The fingle white
Primrofe. 2. Primula veris Plore viride fimplici ,
The fingle green Primrofe. 2. Primula veris Plore
viridante & albo fimplici -, The fingle green and
white Primrofe. 4. Primula veris More viridi du-
plici, The double green Primrofe. 5. Primula veris
hesketi Plore multiplici Jeparatim Divifo , Heskets
double Primrofe. 6. Primula Hortenfs Plore pleno
vulgaris , The common double Garden Primrofe.
7. Primula veris minor Plore duplici , The fmall
double Primrofe. 8. Primula veris Turcica Plore
furpureo Tradefcanti , The Turky purple Primrofe.
9‘ Primula veri* Plore chermejino Turcica , The [

Turky crimlou Primrofe. 1 o. Primula veris rubra ,
The red Primrofe. 1 1. Primula veris rubra , The
fair red Primrofe. 12. Primula veris Phcenicea
The leader Primrofe. n. Primula veris plore
geminate rubro , The red Primrofe Hofe in Hofe.

1 4. Primula veris rubra Plore duplici , The double
red Primrofe.

The Defer iptiottf*

I Va The firft, or Single white Primrofe. It bos
a long , Jlnngv , fibrous and bujby Root, from the
Head of which rife up many Leaves, almojl all in
a cluficr , which are femetime s 2, 3, or 4 Inches
long , and fome times i or 2 broad, rough, full of
Veins, and unevenly waved about the edges , narroii

Primrofe.

at the bottom, and from thence gradually entreating
in breadth till they come to their jull bteadth near
the top, after which, they prefently grow narrow,
and end in a fontething obtuje point. From among
thefe Leaves fpring up feveral fmall ahitijh yellow
Stalks , about 3, 4, or 5 Inches in height, at the
tops of which the Flowers grow in a fmall rough
whitijh Hus It, and of a pale or whitifh ye/ low color
having five rouniijh Leaves dented about the middle
of their edges , and of a pleafant fweet color.
There is another Kind hereof, which is fame what
f mailer, and bears Milk white Flowers, without
any foe to of yellotanefs in them, which are ufuully
brought into Gardens for their rarity, and differ not
from thofe juft now deferibed , either m Root , or
Leaf , or any thing elfe , but having thofe yellow
Spots [mailer, and not fo deep, as in the other
Wild Kinds

V: The fccond, or fingle green Pr mrofe. This
hus its Leaves very like umo the G eater double
Primrofe, but Jin filler, and of a Judder green color*

And

Chap. 579. 'Enghjh Herbsi

9°9

The Flowers ftand Severally, upon long foot Stalks ,
as the firft Single Kind does, but larger than they ,
and more laid open , of the fame, or very near the
fame yellowijh green color that the Husk is of fo
that at jirfl opening , the Husk and the Flower ,
feem to make but one double green Flower , which
afterwards feparating the mj elves, the Jingle Flower
grows out of the Husk and fpreads it felf open ,
much more than any other Single Primrofe does,
growing in the end to be of a paler green color.

VI. The third , or Single green and white Prim-
10 fe. The Leaves of this differ in a manner , no-
thing from the former , neither does the Flower ,
but only in this , that out of the larger yellowijh green
husks , which contain the Flowers of the former ,
there comes forth , out of the middle of each of
them, either a fmall piece of a whitifh flower , or
elfe a larger , fometimes making up a whole Flower,
like an ordinary Piimrofe.

VII. The fourth , or Double green Primrofe.
This Plant is in its Leaves, fo like the former
Green Kinds, That the one cannot be known from
the other, untill it come to Flower, and then it bears
upon every Stalk a double green Flower, of a little
deeper green color than the Flower of the former
Single Kind , confifiing but of two rows of jhort
Leaves moft ufually , and both of them of an equal
height above the Husk, abiding a pretty time in
Flower, m re efpecially if it flands in a fhady place,
or where the Sun can come but h little to it.

VIII. The fifth, or HesketV double Primrofe.
It is very like unto /fc Double fmall Primrofe, as
well in Root, as in Leaf and Magnitude, the Stalk
not rifing much higher than it, but bearing Flow-
ers in a jar different manner. For this bears not
only fingle Flowers upon fcveral Stalks, but fome-
times two or three fingle Flowers upon one Stalk,
and alfo at the fame time a bigger Stalk, and
fomething higher , having one green Husk at top
thereof -, fometimes broken on the one fide, and fome-
times whole in the middle whereof fiands fome-
times, divers fingle Flowers thrufi together, every
Flower to be feen in its proper form. And fome-
times there appears with fame whole Flowers, others
which are but parts of Flowers, at if the Flowers,
were broken in pieces , and thrufi into one Husk,
the Leaves of the Flowers ( being of a white or
pale Primrofe color > but a little deeper) feldom
rifing above the height of the very Husk it felf and
fometimes, as I have obferved in this Plant, it will
have upon the fame Stalk, which bears fuch Flowers
as* are here defer i bed, a fmall Flower or two, making
the Stalk feem Branched into many Flowers, by
which it is manifeft, that it will diver fify it felf in-
to many forms , not abiding confiant in any Tear, as
the other Kinds do.

IX. The fixth, or Common double Garden Prim-
rofe, The Leaves of this are very large, and like
■unto the Single Kind, but fomething larger, becaufc
of its cultivation in Gardens. The Flowers do
ftand every one fever ally , upon long flendcr foot
Stalks , as the Single Kinds do -, in greenifh Husks,
of a pale greenifh color, like unto the Field Primrofe •
but very thick and double , and having the fame
fweet Smell with them .

X. The feventh , or Small double Primrofe.
This is in Root , Leaf, and Flower, altogether like
unto the laft Double Primrofe, but that it is f mailer
in every refpetf, for the Flower rifes not above 2
or 3 Fingers high, and but twice double, that is,
with two rows of Leaves, yet of the very fame
Primrofe color which the former is of

XL The eighth, or Turky purple Primrofe. The
Leaves of this are fo like the other Primrofes,
that they can very hardly be diftingufhed until the

Flowers appear : but the chief difference in the
Leaves is, that they are fomething longer, rounder
' pointed, and a litt/ereddijh at the very bottom of the
Leaves. The Flowers are as large as any other
Primrofe, or rather larger, made of five Leaves like
unto them ', but of a delicate Violet purple color-
the bottoms of them yellow, circled as it were with
a deep Saffron like yellow , which adds a greater
grace thereto : in other things it is like to the Com-
mon or Ordinary Primrofes.

XII. The ninth , or Turky crimfon Primrofe.
This differs but little from the laft, neither in its
Leaves , Stalks , Flowers, magnitude, and form of
growing, nor indeed in any thing, except in the color
of the Flowers , which in this i-s crimf on, as in the
other it is purple.

XIII. The tenth, or Red Primrofe. This is of a

newer date than any of the former, fits more beau-
ty, ™d greater variety than the former. In Roots,
Leaves and fafhion, it differs not from the Com-
mon fingle field Primrole, only the tops of the
Roots, and bottoms of the Stalks are of a reddifh
color-, but the great eft difference is in the colors of
the Flowers, there being of them, afmoft twenty
diver fit y of reds, fome deeper , and others lighter ■
from Blood red , to a pale Pink color, fome are of a
blewifh Rofe color , [adder and paler , fome of a
Bnck color, fome of a Dove color , others of the
color of an old Buff Coat, and fome Hair color, all
which Kinds have been raffed from Seeds , as alfo
thefe more excellent Kinds following. 5

XIV. The eleventh, or Fair red Primrofe. It is
a plcafant Flower, of a moft beautiful, rich , fhin-
ing. Velvet, red color, with a yellow Star in the
bottom, as in all the reft.

XV. The twelfth, or Scarlet Primrofe. It is a
Flower of very greed efteem , and of a bright
fear let color, and more rare than any of the for-
mer Kinds.

XVI. The thirteenth, or Red Primrofe Hofe in
Hofe. It has many Stalks rifing from one Root
each of which bears a Flower, 04 J h,u Hfe in Hofe
upon every Stalk, that is two Flowers ingeminated,
one ft an ding within the other , in fome bigger , and
of a deeper red color -, in others leffer and paler.
Of this Kind Mr. Rea fays, he had raffed fix ffe-
veral diverfitics, differing from each other, either
in flee, fafhion, or color.

XVII. The fourteenth, or Double red Primrofe.
This is the rarefi of all the Kinds. The Flower is
faid to be almoji as large, thick and double , as the
Common pale yellow Kind, and of a fair red color.
For the fake of this Flower, much Seed has been
fown, in hopes to have obtained it.

XVIII. The Places. The firft three Kinds have
been found growing Wild in molt places of this
Kingdom. The eighth and nin;h came to us out
of Turky: but now all the various Kinds here
Treated of, are found to grow in Gardens, and are
Nurft up by the diligent lovers of f lowers. The
Enghjh' Kinds are hardy and profper in any place
which is not too hot, or too much in the Sun.
The Red Kinds are planted, fowed, and ordered in
£ he,, fa me manner as we do Bears Ears. Yet if
lowed in a Bed of good Earth, towards the end*
of September, they will come up in the Spring
and fooir^ome to bear Flowers. H sket’s Prim-
rofe gTonfm-Clapdale lVood, 3 Miles from Settle
in Torkfhire .

XIX. The Times. Primrofes Flower generally
very early in the Spring, and fometimes again in
Autumn. Some Flower earlier, fome later, and
lome in the midft of Winter, as they are defended
from Cold and Froft, and rhe mildnefs of the Win-
ter will admit. The Common double Tnmrofe

Flowers

Salmon V Herbal . Lib. L

910

Flowers in April : the Common fingle a;:d red Kinds
5n March: and many of them will begin in Sep-
tember, and continue bearing Flowers all Winter
unlels checked by hard Weather.

XX. 'Use Qualities, Specification, Preparations,
and Virtues of Frimrofcs, are the fame with thofe
of Covifiips, in Otap. 157. Sell. 18. at/ 3 2, aforego-
ing, to which we refer you.

XXI. An Obfervation. The Juice of Fr'ntrafc
Poets. Being Snuft up the Nofe, or gently Syrin-
ged up with a fmall Syringe, it purges the Head
and Brain of cold, moift, and pituitous Humors,
which afflift the Original of the Nerves, and
caufe Apoplexies, F.pilepfies, Vertigo’s, Megrim,
Head-ach, Carus, Lethargy, Convulfions, Palfies,
Rheumatifms, and other Difeafes of like Kind.
I cured a Man who had four -Fits of an Apnoplxey,
by the ufe of this Errhine ; and a little Youth of
an Epilepfy, by the ufe of it feven or eight times,
and taking the Ponder of the Root alfo inwardly :
I cured an Ancient Gentlewoman of a Lethargy
therewith ; and two other Young Gentlewomen,
one of a Megrim, the other of an inveterate
Head-ach.

XXII. Another Obfervation. The Pouder of the
Roots. Given to a Dram and half, or more , it
purges the Head , Brain , and Stomach, of cold,
moift and putrid Humors -, and is prevalent again!!
all the Difeafes for which the Errhine or Juice is
exhibited. It purges Choler and Flegm very well.
With roDofes of this Pouder I cured a middle
Aged Woman of the Palfy : and with much the
like number of Dofes, I cured a Man of 50 Years
old, of the Gout; proper Topicks being alfo in
the mean fealon applied.

XXIII. A third Obfervation. The Decoblion of
the Roots in Wine. It is good againft the Stone
in the Reins and Bladder, and heals inward
Wounds and Bruifes ; and bathed upon weak Joints
it ftrengthens them. The Decotfion of the Leaves
and Flowers in Wine, being drank, it is good a-
gainfi: Althma’s, Coughs, Colds, Hoarfenefs,
Wheezings , (hortnefs of Breath , and all other
Difeafes of the Breft and Lungs ; and is Laid to
draw any Thorn or Splinter out of the Flefh.

CHAP. DLXXX.

Of PRIMROSE Bears Ear.

Vulgarly called

AURICULA.

1. '"p H E Karnes . This Plant knows no Anci-
1 ent Greek Name j but it is, called by Lug-
Aunenfis , Primule veris (from the thick-

nefs of the Leaves) The thick Leav'd Primrofe.
It is alfo called Sanicula Alpina Baubini & Gejne-
ri, for they will have it to be a Species of the
panicles •, however it is a very good Wound Herb:
by others, Sanicula altera , Paralytica Alpina , The
Alpine or Mountain Covojlip , becaufe it is certainly
of the Family of the Cowfips : but now in our
time it is moflly called Auricula Ur ft ■, and we
in Englifh call it, the Bears Ear Primrofe , alio
Bears Ear , and Auricula (without any othei
addition,) which is the molt Common and ufiaal
Name.

II. The Kinds. We have already treated of
of rhefe Auricula's under the Title of Bears Ear,
in Chap. 59. aforegoing, where we have given
you a compleat Defcription of the three principal
Kinds, wdiich may ferve for all the feveral indivi-
dual Species of Auricula. But they being properly
Primrofes , and this being the place, in which they
ought to be methodically treated of, we fhall
for the fake of Ploriffs , and all Lovers of the
Pioneer Garden , expatiate our Dilcourfe, and more
largely fhew you a great many of the Individuals,
which for brevity fake we before omitted. We
fhall treat of them, with refpe£l to their colors,
which are chiefly, 1. Purple and Blew. 2. Red
or Scarlet. 3. Te/loio or Buff. 4. White. In each of
which we fhall fhew you fo many fine and delicate
Species or Individuals, as may be fufficient to Stock
a Florifls Garden , who from their Seeds, being
managed according to the following dire&ions, may
raife many new Varieties. The number of the va-
rious forts being many, we fhall not give you their
Names here, but put them to each Plant, in its
order, as it is treated of.

The Defcr/ptions.

I. Purples and Slews.

III. 1. Auricula Urji Flore purpureo , Pur-
ple Bears Ear. Its Root is compofed of many whit iff
Strings fpringing from the main long Root , which
is very like to a Cowflip , or Primrofe Root, as
it is in all the other parts b cf.dc s. Prom the Head
of this Root fpring up many green Leaves , fome-
thing long and fmooth , narrow from the bottom of
the Leaf to the middle , and broad from thence td
to the end , being round pointed and a little fnipt.

Auricula.

Chap, 580. Unglijh Herbs .

or indented about the edges. In the middle of thefe
Leaves, and Join climes at the ftdes aljo , do' fpring
round green Stalks jour or five Lingers high, bear-
ing at their tops, many F lowers, the Buds whereof,
before they be blown, are of a deep purple color,
and being open, are 0) u bright, bur deep f'ur-
Vfe , ttfually called a Murrey color-, confifl-
tng of five Leaves a piece , cut in , or indented
at the end, as it were into two, with a tahitijb ring
or circle at the bottom oj each blower, which
Jiand in J mall green Cups: in which after the
Turners are fallen , are contained very fmall Heads
not rifing to the height of the Cups, bearing a fmall
Prick or Pointcl ' ’ 1 1 ' -

fmall biackifh Seed.

9*

1

noi njing to we Height oj the Utps, bearing a [mail
Xnck or Pointcl at the top if them, in which is
mall bluckijh Seed .

IV. 2. Auricula Ur ft purpurea abfque orbe , The
Murrey Auricula without Eyes. Thu is another of
the Jonncr Kind , xnhofe Leaf is fomewhat lefs. , as
** alfo the L/oivcr, but of the fame color, and fonts-
times Jometbing redder , tending to a fear let, without
any circle at the bottom of the blower : but in no-
thing clfe , differing ft om it.

V. 3. Auricula i eft tlorc purpureo cstruleo. The
Violet purple coloied Bears Ears. The Leaves of
this are Jomthmg mealy and large-, and the How
€fs hereof are oj a paler or blevoer purple than the

tiding to a blew .

Auricula Urff Flore purpureo duplici
vario. The various double purple Flower’d Auricula.
Ibis purple Flowered, has its Hewers but once more
color ' tbe-^g/‘i but " various in its purple

XIII. II. Auricula Urfi Flore Culefiino, The
azure or Sky blew Bears Ears. 7 his has its l eaves
broader, and of a dusky yellowijh g, een color = the
Flo, wers bang of a blewifh color , tending to a pur-

T XIV* ;?• Auricula Urfi Flore ciruleo diluto,
he pale blew Auricula. It is fomethmg hke unto
the loft m its green Leaves: but the Flowers aie
op a paler blew color.

' -Auricula Urff Flore purpureo rubro
ttano The fair Collier, or Violet purple colored
Auricula. It has a pale greenifh Leaf, without
dents, and fomewhat a large Flower of a delicate
iffy color 1 fonte thing fad, but very

XVI. 14. Auricula Urfi Flore purpureo csruleo
folio tr.cano The purple blew Auricula, with a
mealy Leaf. The Flower is of a purplijh blew
color, with a while bottom, and a mealy Leif.

firft, fomethmg tending

Vi. 4. Auricula Urfi Flore pupttreo eximto, The
beautiful purple Auricula. It is a Jhvng Plant
nvth large Leaves, having a big tall Stalk, bearing
o great Trufs of many fair , fine, rich, purple
Flowers, with Snow white t.yes, which will not wafh
yellow with Ruin, at fame do, but abide white to
the /all.

VU. 5. Auricula purpurea pukherrima, A fine
puiple Bears Ear. This is like the former in all
the pans, but that the great Head of Flowers / lands
more ereS, and is oj a deeper purple color, with
broader white Eyes.

VIII 6. Auricula purpurea aha. Another purple
Bears Ear. It is a very good Flower, fair and large-
many on one Stalk, of a lighter purple than any of
the former, with fair white Eyes. There is another
cf this kind, fomethmg like this in color but any toy
brighter, and bearing more Flowers, with large round feever.

white Eyes. Yiv t a ■ , 1T r ^

X. 8 Auricula purpurea colore albo radiate lore 1 Vnan>°Jh':rjItf
The purple ltriped Auricula. It is fmall in all its : tall Stalk lAfld d f “ ^ro"£

parts] bL\ Peak low Stalk, beardg" or\pZ fdt tiWlTAt™ ??r. ?J* ' be,ng_of
pie Flowers , jlriped with white. And of this fort

It* Reds, Crimfon and Scarlet.

7 X^l> 1 ’ ' Auricula Urfi Flore rubro fit urn orbe

luteo. Deep, or blood red Auricula, w ch a yellow
tye. It bos fmall and long green Leaves, nothing
mealy butfmpt about the edges, from ihe middle

of the Leaves forwards to the ends. I he Flowers

hereof are of a deep red color, tending to a Blood
red, w,th a Jeep yellow circle, or rather bottom in
the middle.

XXVIII. j( . Auricula Urfi Flore rubro faluro
abfque orbe The deep, or Blood ,ed Auricula
without all Eye. This ts another Kind, havt • g fmall
and long green mealy Leaves, j. mailer than any that
have mealy Leaves. The Flowers are of the fame
deep red color with the left deferred , but without
any tye or circle at bottom, of any other color what-

f J 7 1. ^ ^ stutter. Ul/tU VJ HUS /,

and color there is one which bears double Flowers.

XI. 9. Auricula Flore Utruleo folio Boragiitis
The Borage Leav’d blew Auricula. It is brought
into the Kindred of the Auricula: only for the firm
of the Flowers Jake. It has a Root which is long

and brow mfh, with many fmall Fibres annexed to it

It has feveral rough, broad, hairy Leaves, fprea'd
on the Ground, like to tbofe oj Borage for the
roughnefs , but much leffer, the Leaves hereof being
fomethmg rent in fome places on the edges. From
among thefe Leaves rifes up one Stalk, but fome-
times two or more Stalks, which are brown and hairy
five or fix Inches high or thereabouts ; each bearing
at the top three or four Flowers apiece , confifting of
five Leaves, which are large and (harp pointed If
a fair rich blew, or bright azure color, with tome
{mall yellow threads in the middle, /landing in fmall
green Cups. This Plant as it is rare , fo il is ten-
der, and impatient of our cold Winters, and there-
fore requires to be planted in a Pot, that it may be
Houfcd in Winter.

, L Lr n , / j Vll-'t/S, vein? I

a dusky bluff) color , refembling the blufh of a
Spaniard, ahofe tawny Skin cannot manifeft fo pure
a b ujh as the Engtilh can , for which reafon it is
called the Spamfti blufh.

XX. 18. Auricula Urfi Flore rubello. Scarlet or
light red Auricula or Bears Ear. The Leaves of
‘his Kmi are very hke the Leaves of the fir ft purple
Kind , but that they are not fo thick, of a little
paler green color and little or nothing flip, about
h edges The Flowers are of a bright , but pale
1 eddtjh color , not half fo deep as the two, with
white Eyes or circles in their bottoms ; in other
things it differs not from others.

XXI* ‘ 9\ Auricula Urfi colore Rofieo, The Rofe
colored Auricula or Bears tar. The Leaf of this
,s al mo ft as large as any of the former, and a little
mealy. The Flowers are oj a light red, or Damask,

atbotom R°fe C° °r Ve'y W‘‘ba whue EIe

■ XXIr f * Auricula Urfi Imperial, s. The Impe-
rial Auncula or Bears Ear. It might be reckoned
with the Purples , but is rather a dark or dead

Red-,

912

Salmon’ s Herbal* Lib,

Red', it has fmall Leaves and a Jhort Stalk, but
bears many fair blowers clofe fet together, of f>
dark a red or par pie color , that with out much
error it may be called black , with fair Snow white
Eyes.

XXIIL 21. Auricula Vrfi Jm per at or Hoc at a ,
The Emperor, h is like the lad, only a little big-
ger in all its parts , but of ds dead or black a red
color , with fair white Eyes. This hoe been lately
raifed from Seed.

XXIV. 22. Auricula Vrfi flore rub ro five Cocci -
mo. The red or Scarlet Auricula. This is of divers
forts , it baa large Leaves , a ftrong upright Stalk ,
bearing a great Trufis of fne Jcar let blowers , with
Snow white Eyes.

XXV. 25. Auricula Vrft flora Sanguineo ,
The Blood red colored Auficula. It is of two
forts, 1. Flore Sanguineo faturo, which is of a
deep crimfon Velvet color. 2. Flore Sanguineo dilu-
to, or pair bright Crimfon . It has Leaves of a
middle fze more green than mealy , and blowers oj
a bright crimfon color, larger than the deep Blood
red following.

XXVI. 24. Auricula Vrft blore Sanguineo fatu-
rato. The Crimfon, or deep Blood red Auricula.
It has a yellowijh green Leap. , /owe thing fmall and
long, with a few dents on the edges. The flowers
are of a deep Blood red color with a yellow Eye ,
and but a few upon a Stalk .

XXVII. 2>. Auricula Vrft E 'lore Cameo colore
Variegato, The various Flefh colored Auricula.
Of thus Flefh and blulh colored Auricula; there are
various forts , fame paler , fonie deeper , more or lefs
beautiful by much than others , and with fuch toon
derful variety of colors , not eafly to be expreffed,
which arife almofl every Tear from the Seed. There
are divers other forts of Reds inclining to Scarlet ,
Crimfon , Carnation, Rofe colors, dnd Blufhes , fame
redder, fome yellower than others , fome with large
f lowers, and many on a Stalk, with white or pale
yellow Eyes , for many of which new invented Karnes
have been impofed , not worth our Kerne mb ring
here.

XXVIII. 2 6. Auricula Vrfi verf color prima,
five flore rube fee nte , The Prime or Chief varie-
gated blufh Auricula or Bears Ear. Its Leaves are
tis large, and ns hoary and mealy ns the third or
Greater yellow or Straw colored Auricula, at Se£t.
31, following -, from among which rifes up a Stalk
about 4 or 5 Inches high, bearing from 6 to 12 or
more fair blowers , fomething larger than the Smaller
yellow Auricula, having the ground of the blower
of a dark or dun yellow color , fhadowed over a little ,
with a fhew of light purple, which makes a kind of
blufb color-, the edges of the flower being tipt with
a little deeper fhew of that purple color , the bottoms
of the blowers being wholly yellow, without any
Eye or Circle , and is of very great beauty , making
an admirable variable colored Auricula.

ill. Yellows, BufF, and Tawney.

XXIX. 27. Auricula Urf maxima lutea flore
Elegant i. The greateft fair yellow Auricula or Bears
Ear with Eyes. It has many fair and large thick
Leaves, fomthing mealy or hoary upon the green-
nefs , being larger than any other Kind, except the
Spanifh Blufh, at Sett. 19, aforegoing , and the next
Yellow following , fmooth about the edges , and
without any indenting at all. The Stalk is large ,
round , and not higher than in fome others of the
former , but bearing many more flowers thereon
than in any other Kind , many times to the number

of thirty , funding fo round and clofe together ,
that they feem to make a Kofegay alone, and of the
fame jafhion with others , but that the hguUk
fhorter and rounder, yet with a notch in
like the ref of a fair yellow color, neithervefy
pale nor deep, with a white Eye or Circle in the
bottom , about the middle of every flower , which
gives it the greater grace. The Seed is of a black -
ifh brown color like unto others , but contained in
greater round Heads than any other, with a fmall
point el flicking in the middle. Its Root is great c
and thicker than any other , with long SirJfc .^*rs
fibres but greater than any of the former. ;

XXX. 28. Auricula Vrfi major lutea folio in -
cavo. The greater yellow Auricula, or Bears Ear.
Its Leaves are larger, and more hoary or mealy than
the laf or any other of thefe Kinds. The blowers
are not fo many, but longer and not fo thick thrift
together, but of a deeper yellow color , without any
Eye , or Circle in them.

XXXI. 29. Auricula Vrfi major flore Pallida,

The great Straw colored Auricula, or .Bears- 7'-
Tbis has almofl as mealy Leaves as tfW'
nothing fo large. The blowers are of f ju. ~

color, with an Eye or white Circle at their bot,„„L.
Thefe three laf have no few or Jhadow of any
other color in any part oj the edge , as fome others
which follow have.

XXXII. 30. Auricula Vrfi minor flore g silent e.
The lelfer Straw colored Auricula. The Leaves oj
this are lefs mealy, or rather of a pale sree/r fl-V.
little mealy withal. The flowers are oj
yellow , than the la ft, and it bears almofl ,
upon a Stalk , as the fir ft Great yellow.

XXXIII. 31. Auricula Ur ft minor lutea. The
leffer yellow Auricula, or Bears Ear. Its f
are nothing fio large, as either of the tlm f. ..,er
yellow Kinds, but rather of the bignejsoj : Grfi

White Kind, at Se£t. 43. following, but yet a
little larger, thicker and longer than it, having
under the grecncfs a fmall jhew of mealinefs, and
fomething fnipt about the edges. The flowers arc
of a pale yellow color, with a fmall white Eye or
bottom in them. The Seed and Roots are like the
other Kinds.

XXXIV. 32. Auricula Vrft flore flavo. The
deep yellow Auricula, or Bears Ear. This has
fomething larger Leaves than the la ft , of a yellow-
ijh green color , without any mealinefs on them , or
indenting about the edges , but fmooth and whole.-
The flowers are not larger but longer, and not laid
open fo fully as the former , but of as deep a yel-
low color, or deep Cowflip color, without any Circle
in the bottom. Neither of thefe two l aft have any
jhew oj other colors than yellow in them, faving tj?c ^
white in the Eye.

XXXV. 33. Auricula Vrft minor flore fum>.
The tawny Auricula, or Bears Ear. It has a greater
jhew of mealinefs' in its Leaves, than is to be feen
in the Second Kind , at Se£E 4 aforegoing , and
fnipt or indented at the ends like that , the blowers
are many, of the fame fafhion with thefe, but
f mailer, -each of which is of a deep Murrey , or rather
Tawney color when it is blown, as the Buds of the
above named are before they are blown-, having
an Eye or white Circle at bottom , which is yellowijh
in the middle below the Circle.

XXXVI. 34. Auricula Vrfi Crinis colons, Th-
Hair colored Auricula. Its Leaves are snore mealy
than thofe at Se&. 28. aforegoing, and fome what
longer and larger, fnipt alfo about the edges in the
fame manner , from the middle cf the Left forwards .
The flower is ufually oj a fine light brown yellow
color , by fome called Hair color , and fiometimes
browner. The edges oj the blotter have a jhew or

jhadow

Chap. 580.

Jhadow of a light purple or blufb about them , but
more on the outfide than on the infide. Of this
Species there are divers forts.

XXX VII. 3<>. Auricula Urji verficolor lute a ,
The yellow variable Bears Ear, or Auricula. Its
Leaves arc green and fome thing like to the Deep
yellow, at Sett. 34. aforegoing , but feme thing of a
frefber green , more fhining and f. mailer , J. 'nipt alfo
about the edges towards the ends , as many of thofe
before arc. The blowers are of a fair yellow color,
much laid open , when they are full blown , that
they feem almofl flat , dafht about the edges on-
ly , with purple , being more yellow in the bottom ,
than in any other part.

XXXVIII. 36. Auricula Urfi verficolor lutefl
cente vinde Flore, The Variable yellow green
Auricula, or Bears Ear. Its Leaves are green ,
much like to thofe laft deferibed, and fnipt in like
manner about the edges : but in this it differs ,
that its Leaves do not turn or fold t he mf elves a
little backwards. The Flowers are of a yellowifh
green color, more clofed than the former, having
purplijh edges , efpecially after they have flood blown
fome time , and have little or none at the firft open-
ing, nor yet any Eyes or circles at all in them.

XXXIX. 37. Auricula Urfi Flore luteo eximio ,
The Noble yellow Flowered Auricula. It bears
the large ft Flower and biggefl Trufs , of the deepejl
yellow color having white Eyes. Of this Species
there are fome whofe Flowers are of a Buff color,
fome yellower and fome dunner than others , which
are in good Efteem. There is alfo one, which on a
fhort Stalk bears four or Jive double Flowers , with
three rows of Leaves in each Flower.

XL. 38. Auricula Urfi verficolor e luteo. The
variable yellow Auricula. Its Ground is yellow,
but it is fo diverfified or varied with other colors,
impojfible to be expreffed in Words -, and they are fo
many that fome Authors have faid, they are num-
berlefs .

XLI. 39. Auricula Urfi Flore luteo Fufco, The
Leather Coat Auricula , or Bears Ear. It is of
two Kinds, the greater and lejfer, and deeper and
paler, one than other. They have all large mealy
Leaves, yet not fo much as in the Greateft yellow •,
but yet it fee ms that they are produced from thence,
they come fo near to it. Of this fort is the Sham-
my colored.

XLII. 40. Auricula Urfi Flore Limoniaco, The
Limon colored Auricula, or Bears Ear. It is of a
delicate pale yellow color , and of a middle fize,
both for Leaf and E lower. Of this other fort of
plain yellows, there are a very great number, impofl
fible to be difiinguifbed.

Leaves, of a little darker green color. The Stalk,
and Flowers are Ukcwife lejfer than the former,
and have no fhew of yellow nefs at all, in either
Bud, or Flower, but is pure white, not differing
in ether things from the reft.

XLV. 43. Auricula Urfi Flore Niveo , The
Snow white Auricula, or Bears Ear. The Flowers
arc of a pure Snow white color , but f mailer than
thofe in Sett. 44. above • otherwife in all other
things they are much alike.

XL\ 1. 44. Auricula Urfi Flore albido vcl Puli-
do, The whitifh Auricula, or White mixt with a
pale blulli. Of thefe there are various Kinds ac-
cording to the differing mixture of the red with the
white, the white mo ft predominating.

XL VII. 4$. Auricula Urfi Flore albo Latfeot
Lac l irgineum, & Lac Virginia diffa. The Milk
white Auricula ; called alfo. Virgins Milk, which is
accounted the heft among the Whites. It has large
mealy Leaves, a tall flrong Stalk, with a great
Trufs of Milk white Flowers, with Snow white
Eyes, which placed among the Purples fels off. \
and adds to their glory. There are many perfectly
tohne, and many Milk whites-, but not many of
better efteem than the Yellows.

XLVIII. 46. Auricula Urfi Flore mutiip/ici albo
Latleo. The double Milk white Auricula, or Bears
Par. 1 he Leaves are like the former. The Stalk
bears, but one Flower on its top-, but it is very
double, and like the Common double Primrofe.

XUX. The Places. Thefe goodly Plants grow
Naturally on Mountains, efpecially on the Alps
in divers places, for which reafon fome call them
Primulo verts Alpina : lome of them have been
found alfo on the Pyremean Mountains : but that
Kind with the Borage Leaf, has been found on the
Mountains in Spam, and on the Pyrenaans next to
Spain From which places they have been tranf-
ifr 1 Vs! int0 our Gart/wr, uni into almolt
all the Gardens of Europe, where they thrive ad-
mirably well.

L. The Times. They all Flower from the begin-
ning of April to the beginning of May, and the
seed is ripe in the end of June or beginning of
July. And fometimes they will Flower again in
the end of Augu ft, or beginning of September-
it the Seaton prove temperate, moift and rainy :
but thofe Flowers which come then, are neither
lo fair, nor fo many on one Stalk, as thofe which
come in the Spring.

DircSliotis for Planting them.

IV. Whites.

XLIII. 41. Auricula Urfi major Flore albo. The
great white Auricula , or Bears Ear. Its Boot is
like the Purple Kind, as all or mofi of the reft are ,
or net 'much differing. It has many fair whitijh
green Leaves fome what paler than the Leaves of
any of the Kinds of Auricula: , and a little fnipt
about the ends, as many others are. From among
thefe Leaves rife up Stalks four or five Inches high,
bearing at the top many F lowers, like unto the Smali
yellow Auricula:, at Seft. 33. aforegoing , of a pale
■whitijh color , tending to yellow at the firft opening
of the Flower ; which after 2 or 3 days, change in-
to a fair white color, and fo continue all the while
it Flowers.

XLIV. 42. Auricula Urfi minor Flore albo. The
lefler white Auricula, or Bears Ear. It has J. mailer

LI. The belt fort of Auriculet are fet in Pots,
which they well deferve ; the Pots are to be filled
almoit half full with lifted Neats Dung, the reft
with good Sandy Earth, well mixed with lifted
Dung. About the end of Auguft fet the Plants
therein, and not too deep, for the Roots will be
apt enough to run downwards. Place thefe Pots
in the Sun all the Winter , and with Glaffes defend
them from over much wet, but Houfe them nor
they will do better in the open Air. In the Spring
when they rife to Flower, remove them into a place
more lhady and after the Flowers are paft (ex-
cept thofe you leave for Seed) you may dilpole
them in lome lhady place out of the way , to
make room for Pots with Gilliflowers.

L1I. But if you Plant them in the Earth at
large, and not in Pots, let it be in lome place a
little (haded from the fcorching heat of the Sun 5
the Soil being firft made very Rich, if [tiff, with
Sand and (tore of well rotted Neats or Cows Dung*
6 A and

914 Salmon 's Herbal Lib. L

and in this lec the 'Roots be Set, a Foot afunder
(for they fpread wide, and will not thrive if they
want room.) The belt way of Planting them, is.
open a wide Hole, leaving or railing a little Hill
in the middle thereof, then to let the Root there- ,
on, and lpread the Fibres round about it; laltly,
to cover them with Earth, and lb to Water them
After the middle ol Augujl , every other Year,
take them up, and then mend or enrich the Soil
where they grow, with lifted Neats or Cows Dung •,
and having Hipped or parted the Roots, and cut
off the Fibres which are. too long, fet them in the
fame place again. By this means you will not
fail to have them thrive, and bearftoreof Flowers.
But if you let them Hand too long unremoved, or
in poor or ft iff Ground, you mult expect a crop
of Flowers accordingly.

Llil. The raifing variety of them from Seal , is
a Secret , with which jew are well acquainted , and
it is to be performed with fomething more than
common diligence , by the following method. When
the Flowers are palt and the Stalks begin to grow
yellow, you may oblerve in the top of the little round
Seed Veffel, a fmall hole, andthen you may be fure,
that the Seed is almolt ripe, and which if you do
ijot carefully look to , will all of it fall before
you are aware. So foon therefore, as you perceive
it to be ready, cut down the Stalks, and keep the
tops upright, for if you turn them downwards all
the belt Seeds will fall out. Then bind them up
in Bundles or Handfuls, and place them upright,
to the Glafs of l'ome South Window, where (by
the warmth of the Sun) they will harden, and be
much the better.

LIV. About the end of Augujl , or beginning of
September , prepare fome fquare Box or Boxes, ac-
cording to your ltore of Seeds; let them be 9 or 10
Inches deep, and of what breadth you pleafe, with
fome holes in the bottom to let out the Water, which
fill three parts full with fine Sandy lifted Earth,
one half whereof let be well rotted Neats Dung,
which well mingled together, and laid fmooth with
your Trowel, lay thereon a Fingers thicknefs of fine
fitted Willow Earth, or for w'ant thereof, of dryed
Cow Dung beaten fmall, mixed with a little good
Earth and lifted, and fow your Seeds thereon, mixt
with Wood Afhes, which by their color will direCl
you to fow them the more luitably : fow them not
too thin, for all will not come up; and if they do,
they may eafily be removed to another place.

LV. The Seeds being thus low’d, cover them
half a Finger thick with the fame Earth, you put
next under them, which prefs down lightly, and
let them remain in the Sun and Air, till they begin
to come up, which will be about April next, and
then they mu ft be removed into the Shade, and
often gently Watred. As foon as they are grown
to any confiderable bignefs, take fome of them up
where they are too thick, and fet them prefently in
fome Bed prepared for that purpole, eight Inches
afunder, where they may remain, till they come to
bear Flowers. And thole you leave in the Box,
may be Tranfplanted in the end of Augujl , after
the fame manner, and fo the Box will be ready
again to fow more Seeds in. Some of them will
bear the Spring following, others about Augujl the
Year after they were lowed; and the reft, the
Spring then next following, provided the Earth
you fet them in be rich and good, otherwile you
will fail of your expectation.

LVI. Some think that the beft time to fow the
Seed in, is, in the beginning of October , others at
the end of February : but having tryed all rhofe
Ssafons, it has been found that the end of Augujl
or, beginning of September ,• are the beft times for

that purpofe ; for the Seeds are fo fmall, that if
they be kept any time out of Ground, they will
dye and become unprofitable. You are alfo to ob-
lerve, that you five the Seed of the choiceft and
beft Flowers, for from thence mult come all your
Expectations. Such Flowers as you dillike, caft
their Seed away, it is not worth laving; by this
means having the beft Seed, fowing it in due time,
and that alio in prepared Earth, andthen fea-
fonably removing them, into.theirdeftinated places,
you may reafonably expeel not only a great Variety
of admirable Plants, but even all that you can de-
fire to refult from the fame.

LVII. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations.
and Virtues of Bears Bars, are the fame . in all re-
fpe&s with thole of Primrofes and Cowjlips, which
it you pleafe, you may fee at large, in Chap. *9.
Sell. 8. ad 18. and Chap. 157. Sell. 18- ad 32. as
alfo, in Chap. 579. Sect. 21. ad 21. aforegoing, to
all which places we refer you, it being needlefs to
repeat the fame things over and over again.

PRIME, 1

or > fee Privet, in Lib. II. Chap.

PRIVET, 5

PRUNELLA, fee Self-heal, Chap.

PUCK-FISTS, fee Fufs- Balls, Chap. jo6.
PUDDINGrGRASS, fee Penny-royal, Chap. 574.
PURPLE- VELVET-FLOWER, fee Flower-Gentle,
Chap. 278 and 279.

CHAP. DLXXXI.

Of P U R P L 6 WORT.

O R,

P U R P L E *• G R A S S.

I. /-TN H E Names. This Plant has no Greek
1 Name that 1 know of: but it is called in
Latino, Quadri folium fufoum\ G rumen pur pare urn-,
Lotus Quadr folia ; and in Englifh , Purple-wort ,
or P urp/e-Grafs.

II. The Kinds. Authors make it a Species of
the Trefoils , as Cafper Bauhine in his Pinax, who
calls it Quadrifolium hortenfe album , as Lobe l and
Pena call it Quadri folium pheeum fufeum hortenfe,
vc l hortorum ; which is Tour Leav'd Grafs, or
our Purple- Grafs, and is a lingular Plant, fui Ge-
neris.

T be Descriptions.

III. It hi.it a long Jlringy Root , furnifhed with
many fibres and knobs, buds or protuberances , as
it were Jpringing from them: from this Root rifes
fevcral creeping Branches , which fpread themfelyes
on the Ground, having at their ends fever al Leaves
like thofe of Trefoil, it has for the mojl parr Jour
Leaves (whence the A'^c CLuadrifolium) yet Some-
times but three , and fometimes fve, and Jometimes
feven, (Eoliis quaternis, quinis, aFquando Sep-
tenis donatur, dixit Butihinus,) thefe Leaves are of
a fad green color , with, a Jhadow of dark purple

caft

Chap. 582. Englijh Herbs.

9l5

Varpk-Wort.

cajl over them , ( whence came alfo our Englifh
Name Purple-Grafs.) The Flowers are in form
like the other Medow Trefoils , and of a white or
whitifh color.

IV. Gerard defcribes it thus. This Kind of
Three Leav’d Grafs , or rather Four Leav’d, has
Leaves like unto the Common Trefoii, fiving that
they are lejfer , and of a brown purplijl) color ,
known by the Name of Purple- Wort, or Purple-
Grafs , iphofe Flowers are in fhapc like unto the
Medow Trefoil, but of a dufiy overworn color ,
tending to vohitenefs the which does oftentimes de-
generate^ fome times into three Leaves , fomctimcs
into five , and alfo into feven •, and yet the Plant of
its own Nature has but four Leaves and no more,
but Johnfon in Gerard , feems not to admit it to
have white blowers : for that the Plant with white
Flowers , he could never find had more than three
Leaves upon a Stalk.

V. To this we may add, Trifolium prat*enfe
minus purpureum , Small Meadow Purple-Grafs,
or Purple Trefoil. Its Root is /lender, white, and
woody , ivhich fends up fmall hard Stalks about a
Foot high, full of Branches , bearing on fome three
Leaves , and on fome other Branches and Joints,
four fmall Leaves, like a Lotus. The Flowers grow
many together , at the tops of the Sprigs , being
very fmall, and in a loofe Head, cf a purplijl) red
color.

VI. Lite Places. The firft grows only in Gar-
dens , and is fcarcely ever leen any where elfe :
for the Wild which is thought by fome to be the
true Purple-Grafs, is not it. The fecond grows
with us only in Fields and Medows , in molt places
of this Kingdom.

VII. TheTimes. They both Flower in the Sum-
mer Months, viz. in July and Augufi , and their
Seed is ripe not long after.

VIII. The Qualities. Purple-Grafs is temperate
in refpeft to heat or cold, and dry in the firft De-
gr_ee; Aftringent, Stomatick, Cardiack, Antife
brmck and Alexipharmick.

IX. The Specification. It is generally given
(through the Kingdom) for the cure of the Purple
lever or the Purples (as it is commoly called)
in Children, as alfo in elder People.

X. The Preparations. You may have there-
imm 1. A Liquid Juice. 1. An Effence. 5. A
Decoaion in Wine or Water.

The Virtues.

XL The Liquid Juice. Given to 4 Spoonfuls
more or lei's, ir prevails againlt all forts of Burning
fevers, more efpecially againit that called the
Purple Fever. Dropt into the Eyes it repreffes
or Hops a I-lux of Rheum into them, and cures
Kednels or Inflamations, and Blood-Riot.

XU .The EJJence. Drank inwardly to 3 or 4 or
more Spoonfuls, ir is good againlt the bitingsof
V ipers or of any other poifonous ferpent, walhing
the place bitten with the fame. It Speedily alfo
cures Green Wounds , they being daily once or
twice a day waflfd therewith, ufed Clyfterwife
it is good againlt Fluxes of rhe Bowels, ftrengthens
the Guts, and prevails againlt a TeHaJmm , or con-
tinual provocation or defire to go to Stool : and is
profitable to Hop the Whites in Women.

XIII. The Decof/ion in Wind or Water. It has
been given with good fuccefs againlt the Purnte
lever, commbnly called the Purples in O-
and alfo in elder People; and has indeed all die
Virtues of the Liquid Juice and /ever, but much
weaker, and therefor e ought to be given in a larger
Dole, as from a quarter of a Pin: cc

CHAP. DLXXXH.

Of PUR SLA N E Garden and Wild.

'T'US frames. It is called in Arahick, Bakle

. ancha , and Bachele alkanica .-in Greek , by

D wf corides , Andrachne : and by Tbeo-

phrafttts ; ’ASczzm, Adrachne : in Latine, Portula-
ca : and in Englift, Purfiane.

II. The Kinds. 1 here are two Principal Species
of this Plant, viz. I. Portulaca terrene , vel terri-
gena. The Land Purfiane, of which in this Chap-
ter. II. Portulaca Hydattca, Sea or Water Purfiane
of which in the next Chapter.

III. The Varieties of the Land Kinds. Thefe
are, I. Portulaca Hortcnfis , The Garden Purfiana,
which is, 1 . Portulaca hortenfis viridis communis
Our common Green Purfiane. 2. Portulaca Hor-
tenfis aurea , Golden Leav’d Purfiane. II Portu
laca Sylveftris^ Wild Purfiane, which is 9 Portu-
laca agrejhs major ; Portulaca Sylveftris major -
Portulaca minor , Corner arij d Gef fieri Portulaca
Anguftifolia Bauhni & Cefalpim ; Cepsa Cordi
for Cord, is upon Diojcorides fays that Cepata is no
other than Portulaca Sylveftris , The greater Wild
Purfiane. 4. Portulaca agreftis minor ; Portulaca
Sylveftris minor . Portulaca exigua Camerarij , Per.
tu/aca arvenfis Batihini, The lmaller or leal! Wild
Purfiane.

6 A 2

The

qi 6 Salmon i5 ‘Herbal

Lib, L

'the Defcriptioiis.

. IV. The fir]} , dr Our common green Garden
Kind, hs Root is f nail and pcrijhcs every Tear :
from which Root fpring up mafiy thick round Jbi-
ning red Stalks , fall of Juice , lying upon the Ground
for the mofi part , on which are Jet fever al long ,
thick , pale green Leaves^ fonk times alone by them-
J elves , and fometimes many f mall ones together
with them j among which gr oho J mall yellow blowers ,
which J} and in little green hutks . containing black
Seed,

Par fane Garden.

V. Gerard deferibes it thus. Its Root hats many
Strings -, and the Stalks of this Great Purflane are
round, thick, fomewhat red, full of Juice , /month,
glittering , and parted into certain Branches trail-
ing upon the Ground. The Leaves are an Inch long,
fomething broad, thick, flat , glib, fomewhat green,
and whitijh underneath. The Homers are /mail, of
o faint yellow , and grow out at the bottoms of the
Leaves. After they are pajf, there Springs up in
each f lowers place, a Husk of a green color , of the
bignefs tf almojl half a Barly Corn , in which is
contained [mail black Seed.

\\. the fecond, or Golden Leav’d Purilane.
This in its Roots, Stalks, Leaves, flowers , and
Seed, as alfo m its manner and form of growing,
is exaf/ly like the former, faving, that ike Leaves are
of a Jhinning yellowijh, or yellowijh red Golden color,
and pofjibly larger than the Green Kind before dc-
feribed -, that the whole Riant fecnistobe the larger,
and the Stalks to grow fomething the more up-
right.

VII. The third, or Greater Wild Purflane. The
Root is /mail and thready, perijhing at the />/}
approach r/ Winter, from which rife up fappy reddijh

Stalks, Jpreadtng much upon the Ground , lying al -
moft flat thereon, and covering it a great way about.
The/e Stalks are Jet with thick, fat, Jhining green
Leaves , like in form or Jhapc, and in all other
things, unto the Garden Kind, the magnitude only
excepted, thefe being generally J. mailer , and lej'cr
at the Joints ; with the Leaves towards the ends
of life Branches come forth very Jmall Star-like yel-
lothi/h green flowers , J'carcely to be difeerned ,
and as quickly falling away as the Garden Kind”
having alje fitch like bard Husks, wherein the like
Jmall black Seed is contained. This is ufed for a
Sdllet Herb, as Well as the two former, and differs
not from them in Tjie , yet Joint think the Tajie
is more aflringent, than the Garden Kinds, at it h
JorthentoJl part in all Wild Herbs.

Par (lane Wild.

VIII. The fourth , oh LefTer, or Smalleft Wild
rurllane. It has a Root of a ccnfiderable thicknefs
running under the upper Surface of the Earth,
from which a greate number of greater and leffer
Sittings , and other fmaller fibres proceed, run-
ning not only down deep into the Earth, but a/moll
every other way. Thu Small Purflane is like alfo
to the other, but much fmaller than it, having al-
ways 2 Leaves Jet together, of a paler yellowijh
green color, on the thick round Stalks and Branches,
which fland a little man upright, and bend down to
the Ground again. The flowers are like the for-
mer-, and fo is the black Seed, but the Husks open
themfelves before the Seed is ripe, and fland upon
fmaller and longer foot Stalks. This lias little or no
Tajie, but what is flatulent and watery.

IX. The Places. The firftand fecond grow only
in Gardens in moll places of England-, by reafon
the Root perilhes every Year, it mull be fown
every Spring in April: The Gardeners low it many
times in Allies between the Beds ; or in rich Beds
of fat Earth, and moift, where it may have plenty
of Nounfhment; orinthofe Beds of bung, which
Gardeners have firft ufed for Nurling up their Cu-
cumbers,

cumbers , Melons and Pompions whereon, after
thole have been taken away, they many times foiv
their PurJIane Seed ; where if it is much Watered,
the warmth of the Dung, and the Water together,
make? it grow great and- large, and continues it in
that State, if it be fometimes cut, till tVinter.
The third grows many times in our Gardens ,
without any previous help of ours. And in molt
of our Plantations , in New England, New for/t ,
New JerJie , Miry -Land, Pcnfdvama, Virginia ,
North and South Carolina , when they ly void. It
will fpontaneoufly Cottle up, and over fpread many
Acres of Ground, even in one Spring, and in thofe
places where never any has grown from the begin-
ning of the World to that time, and this it does
in almoft all our Fallow Plantations , thro’ the
whole Continent of llorida, which confidering it
does fo univerfally do it, and that in fuch vaft
quantities, as fometimes almoft to cover a Planta-
tion, it is a Remark worthy (the taking notice of.
The fourth, Camerarius in Homo Medico , fays,
thatjie found it growing about Lipfwick% and 1
have been informed by fome , that they found it
growing Wild, in fome of the Northern Counties
of England.

X. T he Times. They may be all Sown in
March or April, and they fpring up in May, and
are freilt and green in May and June , they are
fit for Salleting in July , and fo continue all Au-
gust, and fometimes to the end of September, if
the Seafon is favourable and warm, even till the
colds nips them, and caufes them to perifh.

XI. T he Qualities. All thefe forts of PurJIane
are cold in the third degree ; and the two Garden
Kinds moift in the fecond Degree ; but the Wild
Kinds moift only in the firft Degree. They are
Abfterfive, Cofmetick , Diuretick , Emollient, Re-
laxive, Repercuflive , Nephritick, Hyfterick, and
Galaftogenetick.

XII. The Specification. PurJIane is good againft
Burning Fevers , hot and cholerick Fluxes of the
Bowels, Catarrhs, want of Sleep, Gonorhua in
Men, and Whites in Women, as alfo the over-
flowing of the Courfes. It cools the Blood, gives
eafe in the Strangury, and takes away the heat and
fealding of the Urine. Abates Lull, extinguilhes
the Seed, flops Vomiting, as alfo defluxions of hot,
fait, and fealding Humors into the Eyes.

XIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, I. A Sallet. 2. A Liquid Juice. 5. An
infpijfate Juice. 4. An Ejfence. ;. A Syrup.

6. An Oil or Ointment. 7. A Cataplafm. 8. A
Dijtil/ed Water. 9. A Ponder of the Seed. 10.

A Collyrium.

The Virtues.

mg from Heat, and caufes Sleep and Reft, and is
of good ufe for iuch as are in a Delirium or Frenzy.
It is prevalent againft OutragiousLuft, extinguilhes
at lealt diminilhes the Seed, and being over much ufed’
abolifhes the Natural power of Procreation. It is
good to ftay Vomiting, and fweetned with a little
white Sugar, is good againft an old and dry Cough
Althma , and (hortnefs of Brearh. It quenches
vehement Thirft, and heals Ulcers of the Lungs.
It is good alfo againft Inttamarionsand Ulcers of the
Secret, parts in Man or Woman, and gallings of
thofe parts: and ufed with Honv, it heals excori-
ations, and even Ulcers Of the Bowels, and Anus
and obliterates a Tenafmus , tho’ of fome Weeks
ftanding. Dofe from 2 to 4 Spoonfuls or mote
Morning and Night,

XVI. The Infpijfate Juice. Camerarius fays,
That the thickned Juice , Made up into Pills with
Ponders of Gum Tragacartth , and Gum Ar abick,
and taken ('from a Dram to two Drams, Morning
and Evening) prevails much, in helping fuch as
make a bloody Urine, or pifs Blood.

, XVII. The Ejfence. It has all the Virtues of
the Liquid and Infpijfate Juices , excepting, that it
does not fo powerfully fupprefs Lull, or Exanimate
the Seed. But it more powerfully heals excori-
ations of the Bowels, Anus, Lungs, and other
inward parts. Outwardly applyed it gives eafes
in the Gout, and foftens the hardnets of the
Nerves. It is good for Womens Doln and pain-
ed ^reaPs’ and orher Tumors caufed by heat and
Innamation. It is good againft the bitings of
Serpents or other poifonous Creatures, and to
draw forth the Poifon, being bathed upon the
part. Applyed to the Navels of Children which
Hick forth, it helps them; it is good alfo for
fore Mouths and fore Gums, which are much
fwollen, and to fallen toofe Teeth, and take away
their pain, when they feem to be on edge as
it were, after the eating of fower things. Dofe
from 2 to 4 Spoonfuls.

XVIII. The Syrup. If made with Honey of the
Juice, it not only prevails againft Coughs, Colds,
Althma s, but is alfo prevalent againft a Fhthifis
or Ulceration of the Lungs, and has all the
other Virtues of the Juice and hfjence , being given
from 2 to 4 Spoonfuls, Morning and Night.

XIX. The Oil or Ointment. They cool Inflama-
tions, heal galling in the Groin and Secret parts
give eafe in the Head-ach, Gout, and other p3ins
P^ing from heat, and [difeufs Pufhes 1
Wheals, Pimples, and other like hot and fiery
Eruptions in the Skin. They are alfo good 3-
gainlt Burnings and Scaldings, and Womens hard
minified and inflamed Breafts; as alfo the flinging!
and bitings of Hornets, Wafps, Bees, Serpents
and other venomous Creatures. ’

XIV. The Sallet. It is made of the green Leaves
and very young Stalks, with Salt, Sugar, Vine-
gar and Oil. It is good to cool and attempe-
tate the Blood and Lympha , is grateful to hot and
fainting Stomachs and is profitable for fuch as have
the Falling-Sicknefs. The Wild PurJIane is ufed
beyond Seas , and in out Plantations in tlorida , as
fimiliarly in Sallets and Meats , as the firft Garden
Kinds, and with all the fame good effects, faving
that it is not altogether fo moift, and therefore
the more fit to flop lome forts of Fluxes.

XV. The Liquid Juice. It is good againft the
burning Fits of Agues and Cholerick Fluxes of
the Belly, and is profitable againft the Whites and
Reds in Women, as alfo a Gonorrhoea in Men -. it
flops Catarrhs, eafes pains of the Head proceed-

AA. Ibe Calaplajm of the Green Herb. It is
prevalent againft Anthony’s Fire, Gout Sciatica
grained Nerves if Inflamed, Pimples, Tettars’
Ringworms Shingles, and other hot breaking!
out of the Skin. Made with Vinegar, a little Linfeei
Oil, and Ponder of Hut Galls, and applyed, it takes
away pains and creeks in the Neck, and other parts -
and dtfeufles and heals Ample Contufions in th!
Muicular parrs.

T The Difiil/ed Water from the whole Plant
It has all the Virtues of the Juice, Ejfence, and
Syrup but nothing near fo efteaual, and therefore
may be given in a double or treble Dofe, or ufed
as a Vehicle to Convey other Preparations in, be-
ing fweetned with double Refined Sugar. It pre-
-^nt^onyls Fire^ beautifies the face
and bkin, and allays the Infiamations of the
Eyes.

XXIL- The

918 Salmon V

XXII. The Ponder of the Seed , or Seed bruifcd..
It is laid, to be more effectual than the Herb , even
for all the purpofes albre named-, it is of
fingular good ufe jo cool the heat and (harpnefs of
Urine, to fupprefs Lull, and NoHurnul Pollutions,
and even to cxtinguilh the Seed, and abolilh the
inclination to Venery. Given to Children which
have Worms , it is laid to kill and expel them.
The He cobi ion of the Seed being briefed, in Wine ,
performs likewife the lame things. And the Seed
of the Wild Pur fume , is more commended lor kil-
ling of Worms, than the Seed of the other. Dofe
from a Dram to 2 Drams in any proper Vehicle.

XXIII. The Col/yrium. 'Poke Clarified Juice of
Purflane 2 Ounces of the Diftilled Water 2. Ounces -,
of common Spirit of Wine or Brandy 4 Ounces ■,
Jfony 1 Ounce-, mix , diffoivc, fir air. out, and let
it f ettle for 1 2 Days, then decant the purefl part,
and keep it fer L Je. It cools Incarnations of the
Eyes, drys up hot and fait Rheums, heals Sores
and Ulcers in them, and cures moll Difeales hap-
pening to them, removing Mills, Clouds, and
Films, and very much clearing the Sight.

CHAP. DLXXXIII.

Of PURSLANE Sea and Water.

I. 'y H E Names. It is called by the Arabi-
.1 ans, Molochia : in Greek, ''A Muos: and in
batine, Halimus , and Portulaca Marina. The
Water Purflane is called in Greek, ’A rf&xyn hvS'es'- :
and in batine, Portulaca Aquatic a.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral Species of the
Sea Purflane to be found in Authors, but ommit-
ting thole which grow not in England, or feme of
our Foreign Plantations, we (hall only treat of thefe
two following, viz. 1 ."Amp©-, Halimus, Portulaca
marina nofir a* , Our Sea Purflane. It is called
lialimus, becaule of its faitilh Tafle, which .is as
much as if you Ihould call it Salt-wort. But Soli-
nus calls it, Alirtios without the Afpirate,

and fays that its Name is derived from its effects,
or operation, which js to prevent Hunger -, for
fays Solinus, the. People m Candia tell us, that
that Day they 'eat thereof, they (hall not be Hungry, |
but be free from defiring f ood. 2.. Halimus
tenuifolius , Halimus angufhjolu/s procumbent ■,
Halimus minor, Portulaca Marina me an a minor ,
The lefler Sea Purflane, or Sea Purflane lefs white
than the former, v ’ArNfx™ ’swJ'&t, Portulaca
Aquatic a-, Alfine pal u (Iris minor folio oblongo Bau
hitii-, Portulaca vel Andrachne paluftis , .Water
Purflane.

'The Defcripfions.

III. The firfi , or Our Sea Purflane. It hra a
Root which is fomething woody , with feveral long
Strings joined thereto, and abides with the Leaves
on the Branches all the Winter. It has feveral
hoary and grayifh Stalks, fomewhat Woody, about a
Root or more long, lying for the moll part upon the
Earth, bearing thereon many Jin all, thick, fat and j
long Leaves, of a whit if!) green color. Jet without
order, at fome Joints more, at fome lefs , Branch-
ing forth here and there , and bearing at the lops
many long Sprigs , or f piked Stalks. Jet round about 1

Herbal. Lib. j

Purflane Sea Common.

with greenifh purple Piercers, which turn into nchitijV,
flat, thin Seeds, like unto, 'thefe of Sea Arach.

IV. The fecond, or Lefler Sea Purflane. Its Root
is icoody arid perennial, or enduring all Winter like

Purflane Sea.

Chap 58]. 'Enghjh 'Herbs .

the former. This Sea Purilne has very /lender,
Tveak and fame what hoary white Stalks , about 2 Feet
long, fearer able to ft and upright, but for the mojl
part do fall down, and ly upon the Ground-, the
Leaves which grow on them, being fet much in the
fame manner, viz. without order , fomeihing nar-
rower and fometimes longer, but not altogether fo
hoary white. The Flowers are much like the firft
Kind before deferibed , but of a more greenifh color,
growing at the tops of the Stalks j and afterwards
yield fitch like Seed as they, but Jo me what lefts.

V. Gerard deferibes the fecond Kind after this
manner. Its Leaves are like the former, but not
altogether fo white, yet they are ftomewhat longer
and narrower, not much unlike to the Leaves of the
Olive Tree. The J, lender Branches are not above a
Cubit or Cubit and half long, and commonly ly fpread
upon the Ground. And the Flowers are of a deep
overworn Herby color, after which follovc Seed, like
thofe of the but f mailer. Ramos pi u res a ra-
dice fundit (dixit Matthiolus in Diofcoridem) len-
tos & obfequiofos, foliis Oliva: pinguioribus, albi-
cantibufque, falfo fapore, Semen proiert racemo-
fum in Caulium fummitatibus.

VI. The third, or Water Purflane. Its Root con-
ftfls of nothing but a parcel of fine Fibres or Threads.
Its manner, of growing is ft me thing like the Chick-
weeds, efpccially the Water Chickweeds; It is
but a fmal l Plant, but has many trailing fquare
Branches , which take Root a/moft every where, as
they fpread j but not fo thick ftt with Leaves

9l9

P/irflane Water.

like Sandy places. The Water Pur Pane grows in
or near \\ ater and Watery Ditches and Grounds in
many parts of England.

Jhl 5®": They Flower in July and Au-

irdi the,Seed 15 rIPe in Mll!t or September ;
or long after the time of Flowering.

rprn a’4’, The(e Plants are temperate

or ,“ld’ andmoitt in the firft
u^gree . AMterSve, Aftringenr, Anodyn, Galatio-
genetick and Spermarogenetick.
rilrr' Spec'fctttort. Sea Purjlane expels or dil-
S,W £afe in the Colick, ftrengthens
Convulsions pr°fitable againtl CramPs

XI. The Preparations . You may have from the
SeaPurJUve, i. A Sailer, a. The Leaves Pickled.

I' °’r E^e- 4- A Decoflion in Wine.

5- A Ponder of the Root.

The Virtues.

as the Chickweeds are. Its Leaves are fomething
long, narrow , and round pointed , of a pale yel/ow-
tjh green color , two always growing at a Joint-, the
flowers are fmal! and while !, fet together in long
Gaffers , on fmall foot Stalks , with very fmall
round Seed following them , in little round Seed
Vejfels. I

VII. The Places. The two firft grow in Salt
Marlhes, and by the Sea fide, in many parts of [
the World. The firft grows in the Salt Marlhes
and by the Sea Coaft in many parts of England
as in Kent -, In the Marlhes by the Sea fide going
over the Kmgs-Ferry unto the Ifle of Sheppy , going
to Shore/and Houfe, and by the Ditch fides of the
fame Marfh : it grows alfo plentifully in the lfle
of Thane t, as you go from Margate ro Sandwich
and in many other places along the Coaft. The’
lecond grows upon the Sea Coafts of Spain, and
other hot Countries: Gufius fays it grows about
Lisbon in Portugal. With us it only grows in
Gardens. Dodontei/s fays, ir grows in the Maritime
places of Flanders, Holland, and Zetund, and other

XII. The Sailer. Parkinfon fays, it is u fed to
°tller Sdlkt Herbs, for that it much
Wfifal ThFaTate’ haYing a Urtle aftring^nt rellifh
™ .thi1' The Leave,s Dio/londes fays, are boiled,
and then eaten as a boiled Sailer : Folia, Diofccridel
ait, decoquntur ciborum gratia.

r™111' T Tckle- Ed,a autem w Belgio veluti
Lappares Sale aut Muna condiuntur , 8tc. The
Leaves are preferred with Salt or Pickle, in Hol-
land and other parts of the Low Countries, as
are to be ferred up at Mens Tables, and

fuTtafte" th“r ftead’ haV‘ng 3 pleafant and Srate"
XIV The Juice or Efence. They expel Wind

BeI,y’ give eafe in the Colick,
almoft upon the Spot , loefen the Belly firft, and
then afterwards Bind, liop Fluxes and lengthen
the Bowels. They are good againlt Ruptures
prevail agatnft Cramps and inward ConVuRions!
caufe plenty of Milk in Nurfes Breafts : and very
much encreafe Seed, and Vigor. Dofe i, 2, a or

GenPero°usU#in^0r,,inS ** Night’ in a Glafs of

XV. The Decoflion in Wine. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Juice and Efence, but as it is weaker

Doib °Ught W be S'Ven “ 3 douUe or treble

XVI. The Pouder of the Root. Given to a
uram in Mead or Honied Water, it is good againft
Ruptures, Convulfions, and torments of the Guts
as Dwfcondes fays : but we find the Leaves to’
have the fame effects.

QUAKING-GRASS greater,? fee Grafs Cat> 227
NGfRASS feller, fseH Af.adVft
QUICH-GRASS upright, fee Dogs Grafs, Chap.
227. Sell. 73. ’ o

QUICbl-GRASS lying along, fee Dogs-Grafs, Chap.
527. Sett. 77, 76. ~ r

Q\ISH,;G1iASS Sea>/ff Dogs-Grafs, Chap. 327.

5^.82,83,84,85,86. , r 1

QUEEN of the Medows, fee Mede-fweet Chap.

48O. 1 ’ 1

QUEEN Mother-herb, fee Tobacco, Chap
QUINQUEFOILE, /^Cinkfoil, Chap. ft
QUINCE TREE, fee Quince Tree, Lib.ll. Cap.

CHAP.

Salmon s Herbal .

m

lv M

CHAP. DLXXXIV.

Of RADISH Garden.

I. 'T' H E Karnes. It is called in Greeks
_L 'P ei<p*m : in La tine , Raphanus , Lf Rapha-

nus Horten (is: and in Englifh , Radifh and Garden
RadiJJ) , or Reddijh. Cali us lays, that Marcellas
Empericus calls the Seed of Radifh , Bacanon
which is alfo found in N. Myrepfus , lib. i. comp.
255. but Cornarius reads it, Cacdnon.

II. Kinds. Of Radifhes there are three

Generick Species, ws. 1. 'P*W« > Ra-

phanifs Hortenfis , Garden Radilh. 2. 'P^*w
mJivii, Raphanus Sylvefiris , Wild Radifh. 3.
Raphanus Ruflicanus , Horfe Radilh : of ail which
in order.

III. T he Garden Kinds. They are various, as,
1. Raphanus fativus communis , Our common
Garden Radilh. 2. Raphanus fativus minor , The
lefier Garden Radilh. 2. Raphanus Orbiculatus ,
The round Radifh. 4. Raphanus niger , Rapha-
nus Pyriformis , The Pear falhioned, or Black
Radilh.

rife up to the height of three or jour Feet , bearing
many purp/ij h Flowers at top , 0/ _//>///- Leaves

apiece , which turn into thick fhort Pods , /a which
are contained round Seed , larger than Turnep cv
Cole- wort £00 and of a pale reddijh color.

V. Gerard deferibes it thus. I/j- £00/

/<?#£ white , both within and without , 0//1/ 0/ a

fharp Tajie. It fends forth great and large Leaves,
green , m/g/>, c.v/ /a 0/7 both fide s with deep gafhes.
not unlike to the Garden Turnep , but greater.
The Stalk is round and parted into many Branches ,
07// of which fpring many Flowers of a light purple
color , made of four little Leaves and when they be
paji, there come in their places, fharp pointed Cods „
puft or blown up towards the Stalk , full of a
fpongeous Subfance , wherein is contained the Seed ,
of a light brown color , fame what greater than the
Seeds of Turneps 0/' Cole- worts.

VI. T/70 fecond , 0/- Small Garden Radifh. //*
R00/ /.r f mall , /0tf£, white both within and without ,
except a fmall part of it , towards its top , which is
of a reddijh color. Its Leaves are exaftly like the
former , faving that they are fmallcr and more brit-
tle in Handling. The Stalk is about a Tard high ,

Radifb Garden fmall.

The Description.

IV. T7j<? />/, 0/- Our common Garden Radifh.
J/j R00/ 2s long, white within 5 0W 0/ 0 reddijh
purple color on the out fide towards the top of it,
and of a fharp bit ing 'Tajie yet fome arc lefs Jharp
and biting and of a more p leaf ant Tajie. It has long
Leaves unevenly gafifd on both fi les : the Stalks

Radifh Garden Great.

having fome Branches from the middle upwards
like the other , on the tops of which grow the Flowers,
very like them alfo. The Seed is f mailer and not
fo fharp in Tafte.

VII. The third, or Round Radifh. Its Root is
almofi Orbicular, and firm, nothing waterifh like
the Common Radifh, but more pleafant in Tajie ,
and wholefomer , not fo apt to rife in the Stomach ,
as the others are, or as the Garden Radifhes do.
Its Leaves are like the Garden Turnep from a-
mong which fpring up a round and fmooth Stalk ,
dividing it felf towards the top into two or three
I Branches , on which grow fmall purplifh Flowers

confifiir.g

Chap. 584. UngUJh Herbs. 921

confining of four Leaves apiece : which being pa ft, Sometimes changes alfo to be white tu, the other does
there comes in place [mail Cods, puft up , or bunchy It is thought that both thefe Species have rifen from.

one Kin l- J J

« l.'O ' l I .vruva US jri.c.c WXCCJ, J 'ttj * **/ 5 i'l+lt-M

cd out , /V; /fta, and fome times in three places , full of
a ft oft fpongy Subfiance like to the Common Gar-
den Radifh •, in which h contained the Seed ,
feme thing f mailer than Cole-wort Seed, hit of an
hotter Tafie.

VIII. The fourth , or Pear-fafhioned, or Black
Radifh. Its Root Is formed like a Pear, or Long
Turnep, black without and white within , of a firm
and Jolid Sub fiance, its Tafie is quick and Jharp ,
biting the 'Tongue like the other Kinds of Radifh,

' but more firongly. It grows to be four, five, or fix

Radifh Vear-fafinon d.

Feet high , of a bright reddifh color. The Leaves
are deeply cut in or jagged on the edges , like thofe
of the Turnep, and fomething rough withal/. The
Flowers conftji of four Leaves apiece , of a light
Carnation, or Flejh color. And the Seed is con-
tained in fmall bunched Cods like the former.

IX. Parkinfon fays, That this Pear-fafhion’d
Radifh, has a Root which is blackifh on the out fide,
and white withini , great and round at the Head ,
but ending fhorter than a Radifh, and longer than
a Turnep, fo that it is almofi Pear-fafhion’d, of a
firmer and harder Subfiance than our Common
Radifh, but no lefs fharp and biting , and fomewhat
firong withal. The Leaves are fomewhat fmaller
and with deeper gafhes. The Flowers and Seed are
alfo like the others but fmaller. It has been obfer-
ved alfo , that fome of this Seed , being [own again ,
has produced Roots , zvhereof fome have been black
but the mofi part white on the out fide. This has
been brought to us from Flanders and Holland, in
which places it is accounted a rare Winter Root or
Salle t , and is there fometimes fold by the Pound.

X. There is Raphani/s pyriformis minor , a leffer
fort of black Radifh, (like in Leaf and Seed to
the former , but its Flower is of a lighter purple
color : ) whofe Root is longer and fmaller , and

one Kind-

XI. The Places. All thefe Kinds of Radifhes
are generally fown in Gardens , where they require
a loofe Ground , which has been long Manured,
and. ic fomewhat Far. They profper well in
Sandy Ground alfo, where they are not fo Subject
to Worms as in other Grounds.

Times. Thefe Kinds of Radifhes ate
belt to be fown after the middle of June , viz. in
June ox July, for being fown betimes in the
Spnngi they yield not their Roots fo kindly nor
profitably, for that they then quickly run up to
Stalk and Seed , whereas otherwife they do not
run up to Flower and Seed, till the next Spring.
They may be fown 10 Months running in the Year-,
yet of all thofe times, in June and July are the
belt Seafons.

XIII. Black Radifhes are mofi ufed in Winter
( yet fome, in their natural and not forc’d Grounds*
have their Roots good, the moft part of the Sum-
mer,) and therefore they ought to be fown after Mid-
fommer , for if they fhould be fown earlier, there
would be no Root, but they would like the others
prelently run up to Stalk and Seed. They are very
profitable againft Stone and Gravel.

XIV. The Qualities. Radi/h is hot and dry in

the third Degree, Aperirive, Abfterfive, Carmina-
rIve’ Cofmerick, Digeftive, Diuretick, Incifive,
Cephalick, Peftoral, Nephritick, Emmenagogick,
and Lithontriptick. ° °

XV. The Specification. The Root is moftly

uied, after that the Seed, and in the lull place the
Reaves. They are peculiar for the Cure of Strangu-
ry, or pain, heat and ftoppage of Urine, by reafon
• Tart,f?us or any other Matter impjfted

in the Reins, Ureters and Bladder,1 are peculiar for
provoking of Urine, as alfo of the Courfes in
Women, and to expel Sand, Gravel, and the Stone
from the Urinary parts. To cure the Cough
Afthma, Phthifis, and other Difeafes of the Lungs!
As alfo the Scurvy, Dropfy, Gout, obftruftions of
Liver and Spleen, and Quartan Agues, tho’ of
long ltanding.

XVI. Ihe Preparations. You may have there-
trom. 1. A Salle t of the Root, and tender Tops.

2 ■ -d Liquid Juice of Root, or Leaves. 3. An
tfience of the fame. 4. A Decottion or Infufwn.

1- A Syrup of the Juice. 6. The Seed. 7. A Ca-
taplafm of the Root. S. A Dfiilled Water of the
Herb and Root. y. A Spirit from Root, Herb and
Seed.

The Virtues.

XVII. The Sallet of the Roots and tender Tops
They are Eaten raw, either with Salt and Bread*
and Butter, or with Meat : They ftrengthen the Sto-
mach and caufe Digeltion, and are very Diuretick -
but are apt with fome to rife in the Stomach yet
are great Enemies to Scurvy, Dropfy, Jaundice
and Gout in cold Conftitutions.

XVIII- T be Liquid Juice of the Roots or Leaves,
(but that of the Roots is beft*) It powerfully
opens obftru chons of the Stomach, Lungs Liver
Spleen , Reins and Womb : refills the Scurvy
Droply , and Gout, is good againft Aftbma’s!
Coughs, Colds, Hoarfnefs, Wheezing, and fhort-
nefsor Breath : refilts the putridity of the Blood
and Hypochondriack Melancholy : gives eale in the
Strangury and Stone ^ and expels Sand, Gravel
Stones and Tartarous Slime out of the Urinary
6 B parts,

9-

O ^

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

parts, and provokes the Terms in Women where
they are flop. Dofe from i, to 3, or 4 Spoonfuls
in White Port Wine, or the Dijlillcd Water here-
of, Morning and Night : and fo taken it kills
Worms.

XIX. The EJJence of the fame. It has all the
Virtues of the Liquid Juice , and may be given in
the fame manner, from 1 Spoonful to 3, according
to Age, IV c. It comforts a cold and raw Stomach,
caufes Appetite and a good Digeftion^ expels
Wind, and isgoodagainft the Colick, IV c. Given
to 4 or 5 Spoonfuls, 2 or 3 Hours before the com-
ing of the Fit of a Quartan Ague, it caufes in fome
Vomiting, in others Sweating, and fo thereby alters
the courfe of the Ague and cures it.

XX. The Decoflion or Infufion. They provoke
Urine powerfully , expelling Sand , Gravel, and
Tartarous Matter out of the Reins and Bladder.
The Root may be fliced thin, and laid to Infufe
all Night in Rhenifh Wine, or in White Port, or
Lisbon Wines, and drank in the Morning Falling,
and fo to be continued for fome Days.

XXI. The Syrup of the Juice. It is made by
diffolving double Refined Sugar , or Clarified Honey
in the Juice , in Balneo \ and fome add to it Vincgat .
It is goodagainft Alfhma’s, Coughs, Colds, Pktbi-
fis , and all other Difeafes of the Lungs. It is
good againft an old Cough, and makes thin, thick
and grofs Flegm , caufmg it to be eafily expefro-
rated: it is of good ufe in pains of the Reins,
Bladder and Stone , provokes Urine much, and fo
carries off the Jaundice, and has all the Virtues of
the Juice , EJfence , Decoflion and Infufion afore-
going.

XXII. The Seed. It may be given to a Dram,
or two, bruifed or made up into an Elcttuary with
Clarified Honey or Oxymel. It Kills Worms in
Children being drank, and provokes Urine. It is
faid to caufe Vomiting lometimes, efpecially in
weak Stomacks.

XXIII. The Cataplafm of the Root. Being brui-
fed and laid to the place grieved with the Gout,
Sciatica, or other like pains, or to the hard and
painful Swellings, it wonderfully gives eafe to
them and helps them. If the Cataplafm is made
with a mixture of Orobus Meal and Wine Vinegar ,
and applyed to the Belly, it kills Worms therein.
And fo made, if it is applyed to other places, it
takes away all black and blew fpots, and other
blemilhes of the Skin.

XXIV. The Dfiilled Water from Root and
Herb. It has all the Virtues of Juice , EJfence ,
Decoflion , Infufion , and Syrup , but in a much
lower Degree, and therefore ought to be given in a
much larger Dofe. Ufed as a Cofmetick , it is a great
beautifier of the Skin, more efpecially if Pulp of
Coloquintida be Infufed therein.

XXV. The Spirit from Root , Seed, 8£C. It is
made altogether as you make Spirit of Scurvy-
Grafs , Crejfes , 8cc. It is a potent Remedy again!!
the Scurvy^ Colick, weaknefs of the Stomach, and
Indigeftion in a cold habit of Body : and has indeed
all the Virtues of Juice , EJfence , Infufion , and
Syrup , and may be given from 15 to 50, or 40
Drops, in Ale, Beer, Wine, or other proper Vehi-
cle, Morning, Noon and Night, and in fome cafes,
four or five times a Day.

CHAP. DLXXXV.

Of RADISH Wild.

I. 'T' 11 E Karnes. It is called in Greek ,
JL 'Pazam \mJ)rn : in Latine , Armor acia ,

Raphanus Sylvejbis : and in Englifh , Wild
Radifh.

II. The Kinds. Of the Wild Kinds there are

two Sorts, viz. I. 'Pd.ya.vi: clytiAy Raphanis agrefiis ,
which is called alfo, Armor acia Puchfij , Rapifirum
album Tabermemontani Rapifirum Elore albo
Eruca foliis Lobelij , The Field Wild Radifh. II.
'Vapavis Raphanus Aquaticm vcl Pa/ujtris ,

Water Radifh: and this twofold, viz. 2. Raphamts
Aquaticus vel Palufiris primus , Radicula Sylveftris
Dodomei Raphanus Aquaticus in profunda s Laci-
nias divifus Bauhini * Raphanus Sylvejb is Ojficina-
rum Aquaticus Lobelij Raphanus Erune foliis The -
ophrafb , Bauhino Sifymbrum Sy he fire Cefalpini ,
Our common Water Radifh. 3. Raphanus Aqua -
ticus alter Bauhini •, Rapifirum Aquaticum Taber-
memontani IV Gerardi , The other or fecond Water
Radifh of Bauhinus.

The Descriptions:

III. The firfi , or Field Wild Radifh. It has a
Root which is about a Fingers thicknefs , white both
without and within , and of a fharp and biting Tafie.
It has a fhorter narrower Leaf than the Common
Radifh, and more deeply cut or jagged, almojl like

Radiflj Wild.

the

• tl

Chap. 58 6. Enghjh Herbs . ^2 ^

//Ac t/ir Leaves of Rocket, but much greater. The
Stalks are /lender and rough, about q ieet high ,
divided towards the lop into many Branches. The
Homers are fmall and white. And the Cod (in
which is contained the Seed ) is long, fender, and
jointed.

IV. The fecond,or Water Radifh. Its Root isvery
long, and of near a Lingers thicknefs, which runs
far up and down , here and there through the Mud.
/hooting forth a great many litres , and in many
places , as alfo feveral Leaves under Water. It
rifes up in the Water with /lender weak and bending
Stalks, yielding to and fro-, on which grow at every
Joint, a long and fomewhat broad Leaf , very
deeply indented, or cut in on the edges unto the
middle Rib. At the top of the Stalk, comes forth
a fmall Tuft of yellow, th Tlowers , con/ijling oj
four Leaves apiece. After which follow fmall and
almoft round Pods, with roundSecd in them.

V. Gerard deferibes this Water Radijh thus. Its
Rgot is long , Jet at f undry fpaces, with fmall Fi-
bres or Threads like the Rowel of a Spur, hot and
burning in Tafte, more than any 0/ the Garden
Radifhes. It has long and broad Leaves deeply in-
dented , or cut in even to the middle Rib. The
Stalk is long and weak, and leans this way and
that way, being not able to /land upright, without
a prop, infomuch, that you fhall never find it, no
not when it is very young, but leaning down upon
the Mud or Mire where it grows. The F lowers
grow at the top, made of four [mail yellow Leaves.

VI. The third, or Second Water Radifh, ( which
is the Rapiltrum Aquaticum Tabernaitnontani &
Gerardi.) It has a long tough white Root, a Fingers
thicknefs or more , running and fpreading it felj
tnucb, not deep into the Ground, but under the
upper Cru/i thereof, having at certain difiances
almofi every where , fmall bunches of Fibres or
Strings proceeding from it, which have long Leaves
Spring ing from them. This grows more upright than
the /aft, for that it feldom grows in Ponds or Ditches
of Water, as the other does, but on the edge, or
near Watery Ditches, or other ftanding Waters.
Its main Stalk or Stalks grow to be fometimes three
Feeet or more high, on which grow many long Leaves,
much torn, or cut in, on both edges. At the tops
of the Stalks grow large Tufts of whit ft or pur-
plifh Flowers, which being paft away, leave in their
places, [hort Pods containing the Seed,which is fmall
and not round as the former.

VII. The Places. The firft grows upon the
Borders of Banks, and Ditches caft up, and in
the Borders of Fields. The fecond never grows
but in Water, or Brooks, or by Ditches and ftanding
Waters, and by Rivers fides, or where ftore of
Water is continually. The third grows near the
Water fide, and fometimes in fmall watery Dirch-
es, where there may be fome little Water, and
almolt dry.

VIII. The Times. They all Flower in June and
July, and the Seed is ripe in Augufi, in' or about
a Month after the time of Flowering.

IX. The Qua/it ies , Specification, Preparations , and
Virtues, are the fame with thofe of the Garden
Radijh aforegoing, (except being ufed as they are
for a Sallet ; ) and therefore I refer you to the
former Chapter. Parkinfon fays, that the Water
Radijhes are fomewhat hot in the Mouth, but the
firft of them more than the other ; and therefore
thinks that they may be ufed inftead of Horfe
Radijh, to warm a cold Stomach, and to help both
to provoke Urine, and to expel Wind : For which
purpofe the Seed is more effeflual than the Herb;
and the Root of more force than the Seed.

CHAP. DLXXXVI.
Of RADISH Horfe.

T

H E Na:

„ - - - R was unknown unto the

Greeks, and therefore has no proper Greek
Name: but t may weI1 enough b/Je™

(?!// rfa"w’ Htpporapbanus ; Rapbanus

horfeTadfth. 1 ***“" *«*“* in £W

J'vVf KMs\ iV5 the third Gerraick Species
i o’ 1™ { FLma fmi“laris fui Generis ,

the I JO/? Herbcot. own Rind- This cannot be
the Raphams Sy/veftrts Dtofeoridis, becaufe the
Root of that is fmall, and the Leaves tender and
ht to be eaten for a Sallet, which the Leaves of
this are not. But Tragus will have it to he the
Armorer,* PI, my: tt is the Rapbanus major, &

mai n -drmoracim, out Raphanus

major BrunfelJIj, Tragi, iSGefner,-, Thlafpi mag.
nftm fdf majus Lordi IS Loniceri ; Raphanus ruftwa-
nm Thlafpi altcrum Dtofeoridis (Lib. 2. Chap7 1 , )

ca TlHorfrf !hicg Wh'ch We in Enfni

? am d by fome is called Mountain

Ad^e. theN"£« Green Rad, Jh,

T he Def triptions.

III. Its Root is great and long , white and rugged
Jhoottng up dwen Heads of Leaves, which may be
parted or divided for lncreafe, but it does not c. reep
Trbf the ' G™”d, nor run above Ground, but
jortbemoft part runs deep into the Earth. The
Jitjt Leaves wbtcb rtfe up before Winter, are about
■ F°°‘. ani haJf ,0”f narrower, and very much cut

in or ,orn abo , the Jges jmg

dark green color with a great Rib m the fiddle:
but after thefe have been up a while, others ft, "ow
which are greater rougher, broader and longer ’
whole, and not divided a, the firft, but only Ml
thing roundly dented about the edges. The Stalk
when it bears Flowers (which it does but feldom)
is great-, rtfwg up with feme, few leffer Leaves
thereon, till ,t or 4 beet high-, fpreading at
the top into many fmall Branches of whit ft Flowers

pf* \je;vej tei ir afteT wh,ch come fmall
Pods like thofe of the Leffer Shepherds Purfe, but
feldom with any Seed in them.

IV. GcrW deferibes it thus. The Root is long
and thick, white of color, in Tafte /harp, and veftt
much biting the Tongue like to Muftard. It brings
forth great Leaves long broad, /harp pointed, and
fmpt about the edges of a deep green color, like
thofe of the Great Garden Dock, called of fome
Patience, or Monks Rhubarb, but longer and
rougher. The Stalk ,s /lender and brittle, bear,
ing at the top fmall white Flowers: which being
T/eSetT follow fmall0,isi •” icb is contamJd

Gerard fays, he has found it
growing Wild in feveral places, as at Mamptwich
m Chefttre in the place called the Mtln-Eyd -. as
alfo at Hogsden near London, in the Field next to
a. JaamJdoufe, leading to Kwgs-land, where it flou-
rillied lor a long time afterwards. But for the
molt part it is planted and grows in Gardens, and
delights in moitt and (hadowy Places.

6 B 2

VI. The

924

Salmon V Herbal. Lib. L

VI. The Times. Gerard fays that it Flowers lor |
the moll part in April or May , and the Seed is
lipe in Auguft, but that it is rare or feldom to be
feen ; and that Petrus Place nuns has wrote, that
it brings forth no Seed at all. Porkinfon fays,
that it Flowers but leldom, but when it does, it is
in July.

VII. The Qualities. It is , ( viz. the Root) hot
and dry in the third Degree. Aperitive, Digeftive,
Abfterfive, Attraftive, Carminative, Cofmetick,
Diuretick, Cephalick, Neurotick, Stomatick,
Petloral, Hepatick, Splenetick, Nephritick, Hyfte-
rick, Ptannick, and Alexipharmick.

VIII. T be Specification. It is prevalent againft
the Strangury, and ftoppage of Urine by Stone,
Gravel , Sand, or Tartarous Humors lodged in the
Urinary parts : it is good againft Afthma’s, Coughs,
Phthifis and other Difeafesof the Lungs; open Ob-
ftruftions of Liver, Spleen and W omb, and provokes
the Terms in Women. It cures the Scurvy, Drop-
fy, Gout, and Quartan Agues, kills Worms in Chil-
dren : and outwardly applyed eafes pains of the
Gout, Sciatica^ Liver, Spleen, and Reins, being
applyed upon the parts affeSed.

IX. T be Preparations. You may have there-
from, r. A Same. 2. A Liquid Juice. 3.
An Ejjence. 4. An In j 11 /ion 5. A Loboch. 6.
A Cataplajm. 7. A Dijlilled Water. 8. A
Spirit.

The Virtnes.

X. T he Same. It is made of the Root feraped
very thin, and eaten with Salt and Vinegar, either
alone with Meat, or mixt with other Salleting. Tho'
fome Perfons cannot away with it, yet it is grateful
to many Stomachs, and by ftrengthning the Vifcera,
it caufes a good Appetite and Digeftio.n, prevents
breeding of Wind, and eafes Gripings in the Bow-
els , being a peculiar Enemy to the Scurvy.

XI. 7 he Liquid Juice of the Root. Being
given in Drink, it is held to be very effectual for
the cure of the Scurvy -, and fo given, it kills alfo
Worms in Children ; A Cataplafm of the Root being
alfo laid upon the Belly.

XII. The EJfence of the Root. It has all the
Virtues of the Juice , befides which, it gives eafe
in the Strangury , and eafes pains in the Reins,
Ureters and Bladder; is profitable againft the
Stone, provokes Urine, and expels Sand, Gravel,
and Tartarous Matter from the Urinary parts. It
is a good Remedy in ftrong Bodies againft Afth-
ma’s, Coughs, Colds, Phthifis , and other like
Difeafes. It provokes the Terms in Women ; and
being given fome Hours before the coming of the
fit of a Quartan Ague, it alters its Courfe, and
many times cures it. Given alfo to a Woman in
Childbed , it brings away the After-Birth , and
caufes due Cleanfing. Dofe from one Spoonful
to two, or more in Wine , or fome other proper
Vehicle.

XIII. The lnfufion in Wine. It has all the
Virtues of the Juice and EJfence, but muft be given
in a larger quantity, as from 2 to 4 or 6 Spoonfuls,
Morning, Noon, and Night. It is good againft
the Colick, Strangury, pain, heat, and difficulty
of making Water.

XIV. The Loboch. It is made of the Juice with
the addition of Vinegar and Honey, and then boil-
ing them to a due Confiltency. It has all the Vir-
tues of Juice, EJfence, and lnfufion, but is pecu-
liarly good againft Afthmas , Coughs , Colds ,

1 Phthifis, Hoarfnefs, Wheezing, (hortnefsof Breath,
want of Appetite, & c.

X\:. The Cataplafm. It is made with the Root
feraped fine and thin, &e. Applyed to any place
pained, or grieved with the Gout, Sciatica, fwel-
lings and pains of the Pleura, Liver, or Spleen, it
gives wonderful eafe and Relief. The Leaves
boiled foft in Wine and a little Oil Olive added to
them, and fo made into a Cataplafm, and applyed
to the Regions of the Liver and Spleen, it mollifies
the hard Swellings, thereof, and rakes away the
pain : and applyed to the bottom of the Belly,
it gives help and relief in the Strangury.

XVI. The Dijlilled Water from the Roots, ctJ
alfo from the Herb. It is profitable for all the
purpofes aforefaid, being dulcified with fine white
Sugar, and taken inwardly from a quarter of a
Pint to half a Pint, Morning and Night. The
Water Dropt into the Eyes , is Laid to clear the
Sight : and if two parts of it be mixt with one
part of the Juice or EJfence , and the Face or
Skin be walht therewith, and fuffered to dry on,
it will (if ufed for fome confiderable time) clear
the fame from Spots, Tannings, Sunburnings, Pim-
ples , Scurff, Morphew , and other Defilements
thereof.

XVII. The Spirit of Horfe Radijb Roots. It is
made altogether as the Spirits of Creffes, Scurvy-
Grafs, &c. And taken in the fame manner as they
are taken, it cures the Scurvy abfolutely in a cold
habit of Body : caules a good Appetite and Digefti-
on , warms , comforts , and Itrengthens the Sto-
mach ; invigorates and depurates the Blood and
Limpha, and caufes a due Circulation of the fame
through all the Veflels, and every part of the Bo-
dy. It is profitable againft Rheumatifms, the
Gout, Dropfy , Jaundice, and all obltruftions of
the Vifcera. Dofe 20 or 30 Drops or more in Ale,
Beer, or Wine, 2, 3, or 4 times a Day.

CHAP. DLXXXVII.

Of R A G - W O R T.

O R,

JAMES - WORT.

I. H E Names. It was unknown to the
X Greeks : the Latincs call it Jacob tea , and
Herba Jacobi , FI os Jacobi & Jacobin : in Englijh ,
Rag-wort , and James-mrt : thought by fome to be
a Species of Groundfel.

II. The Kinds. Authors make near a dozen
Kinds of this Plant; but the five following are the
molt ufualwith us, viz. i. Jacob tea vulgar u major ^
Jacob eta Senetio Lobelij ; Flos vel Herba Jacobi
Majors* , vel Jacob xa communis Our Common
Rag-wort. i. Jacob £a vulgar a minor •, Flos Jacobi
minor ; Our Leffier Rag-wort. 7. Jacob £a Marina ,
Cineraria vulgaris , Cineraria Dodonjn ; Artbemifia.
Marina Alfnni , Our common Sea Rag-wort. 4.
Jacobea marina altera , feu minor ; Cineraria Lobe -
l/j ; Cineraria altera , The lefler Sea Rag-wort. 5.
Jacobata Maritima latifolia Bauhini Cineraria lati-
folia Bauhin'f Broad Leav’d Sea Rag-wort.

The

Chap. 587. ‘Lnglijb Herbs.

925

The Descriptions.

III. The Jirft , or Our common Rag. wort. Its
Root is made of many Fibres , fome greater , others
leffer , by which it is firmly jajined into the Ground ,
and abides many Tears. This Greater common Rag-
Wort, has many large and long dark green winged
Leaves tying on the Ground , very much rent and

Rag-wort Common.

Rag-wort Sea.

torn on the fides into many pieces even to the
middle Rib. From among which rifes up fometimes
but one , and fometimes two or three fjuare or
ere fled blackifh or brownijh Stalks , three or four
Feet high , fometimes Branched , bearing divers fuch
like Leaves upon them up to the tops , at feveral
dillances , where it branches it felf forth , each
branch bearing yellow Flower s, con fifing of divers
Leaves , fet a* a Tale or Border , with a dark yellow
Tbrumb in the middle , which do abide a great while :
but in the end growing full ripe , are turned into
Down, and with a fmall blackifh gray Seed , carri-
ed away with the Wind.

iy. The fecond, or Our leffer Rag-wort. This
in its Roots , Stalks, Leaves, Flowers , form and
manner of growing is very like the precedent, fo
that many who do not well view it, do over-pafs it
as judging it the fame with the former but the
chief ef differences are thefe , it ufual/y rifes in
Stalks not fo high , nor is the Tlant in the whole
fo great ■, the Leaves are not fo finely jagged , nor of
fo fad a green color , but rather fomewhat whitifh
foft and woolly and the Flowers are commonly paler
yet in many of them are much alike.

V. The third, or Our common Sea Rag-wort.
Its Root is long and more woody than the others
with feveral fmall Fibres adjoining to it • it has
hard ere fled Stalks about two Feet high , all hoary
or while, on which grow hoary white 1 eaves, much

much jagged, or cut into many parts , yet each part
“J ™em broader than any of our Wild Rag- worts
and fomewhat ft iff, but yet foft in handling. The
tops of the Stalks are f unified with divers Flowers
mbofe Cups or Husks are hoary at the reli of the
Plant ,s- but t he Flower it fe/f u of apa/e fellow
color, with a brown iff Thrum in the middle which
turn mo Down, and with the Seed is carried awav
with the Wind. *

VI. The fourth , or Leffer Sea Rag-wort. Its
Root is fome thing great and Woody like the other
It grows leffer and lower than the former yet the
Leaves are longer , and much divided, or cut into
many other jagged Leaves, each jagg betng rounder
pointed than in the former, of a grayijh or Afh
green color above, and very white underneath The

Flowers are many which grow at the tops of the hard
woody hoary white Stalks, which are fometimes three
or four Feet high, and Branched. Thefe Flowers
are J mailer , and oj a dun or darker yellow than
the other and the middle Thrum alfo browner
which abide in Flower two whole Months at lead
before they fall away, and then at 1. aft they tun
into Down , as the others do. '

rolloff, P.f Broad Lrfd Sea Rag-wort.
Its Root is long, and thicker than any of the former
with fome few Fibres retaining to if from whence
Spring up round Stalks, about a Foot and half hieh
very hoary and woolly, fpread out into divers
Branches, the lower Leaves whereof are fomewhat
round and jagged or a Cole-wort, each part beirn
no it were waved about the edges, and each Left
being about four Inches broad, and (together with its
foot Stalk J about a Foot long, of a dark green color
on the upper fide and of a hoary white underneath
and foft w handling. The Flowers grow at the tots of
the Branches upon longer and flenderer foot Stalks
whofe Cups or Husks are hoary, and the Flowers
themfelves greater and paJer, than in the former
forts, the middle Thrum being of a Gold yellow
color, which after they are ripe , are turned Jo

WwT' “"d m! } thC Sui bl°Wn “Way with ,he

VIII. The Places. The two firft grow Wild in
Pallures and untilled Grounds in many places of
this h ingdom, and oftentimes both together in one
* le moi!e. Specially in Fields or Grounds which
are fomethmg moift , and chietiy near the
5°rters of t'eld,?- The third grows on our own
Coalts, not far from the Sea, in the lflcs of Sbep-

92 6 Salmon’ s Herbal Lib. I.

py and Tenet , and along the Kentifh fhore in many
plates. The fourth grows, as Dodontus fays, by
the Sea fide in Zealand ; alfo bn the Mediterra-
nean Sea fhore of Italy. And 1 have heard
fome diligent Herbarilts here, fay , that they had
found it growing on the Southern (hores of this
IJland towards the Welt of England. The la ft
grows by the Sea fide as Bauhinus fays, but where
is not declared,

IX. The Times. They all Flowet in June ,
July and Auguji ; and the Seed is ripe not long
after, at which time it is carried away by the Wind,
with the Down.

X. The Qualities. Rag-wort is hot and dry in
the fecond Degree, Abfterfive, Aftringent, Anodyn,
and Vulnerary.

XI. The Specification. It cures Green Wounds,
old Sores, running Ulcers, Fiftula’s, Catarrhs, De-
fluxions into the Eyes, Nofe, &c. Quinfey, Scia-
tica, Gout, Kings-Evil.

XII. The Trepanations. You may have there-
from, I. A Liquid Juice or Ejjenee. 2. A De-
co flion. 3. An Ointment. 4. A Balfam. 5- A
Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

XIII. The Liquid Juice or EJTence. By gargling
and waffling the Throat and Mouth therewith,
they cleanfe and heal Sores and Ulcers therein.
And ate good againlt Swellings, hardnefs, and Apo-
ftemation in thofe parts ; and therefore are faid to
he profitable againlt the Quinfey and Struma , or
Kings Evil. Drank in a Glafs of Wine about 3
or 4 Spoonfuls at a time, they are profitable a-
gainlt Catarrhs-, and Defluxions of Rheum into
the Eyes, Nofe, Mouth, Throat, and other parts.
They are lingular good to heal Green Wounds, and
cleanfe old Ulcers, and filthy running Sores, as well
in the Privy parts, as in other parts of the Body :
and inwardly taken they cure inward Wounds and
Ulcers in the Stomach, Lungs, Reins, Bladder
and Womb. And outwardly injeEted into hollow
Ulcers and Fiftula’s, they cleanle, and induce their
healing.

XIV. The DecoCtion in Wine or Water. It has
all the Virtues of the Juice and F.ffence , and may
be ufed in the fame manner to all thofe intentions -,
but when given Inwardly, it ought to be given in
a much larger Dofe, as to 4 or 6 Ounces, adding
to every Dofe about half an Ounce of Common
Spirit of Wine.

XV. The Ointment. After it is made of the
Juice , ot Green Herb, according to the ufual manner,
you ought to add to every pound thereof 3 Ounces
or fomething more, of pure fine Fouder of Tobacco
Leaves. It heals Green Wounds, and cleanfes and
heals filthy running Sores, old Ulcers and Fiflula’s,
not fuffering them to fpread farther. It gives eafe
alfo in pains which happen both in the Mufcular
and Nervous parts,

XVI. The Balfam. It has all the Virtues of the
Ointment, and being mixed with an eighth part of
White Precipitate, it more admirably cleanfes old
putrid running Sores and Ulcers, more efpecially
thofe of the Kings Evil, which Difeafe it potently
refills, and cures the Ulcers thereof after an admi-
rable manner. It is good againlt pains of the
Nervous parts, and gives eafe in the Gout and
Sciatica, being applyed thereto.

XVII. The Cataplafm. It is made of thebruifed
Herb boiled with Hogs Lard and Beef Suet mixt in

equal quantities, adding thereto a little Trankin-
ccnfe and Mithridate. It eafes pains in any part
chiefly thofe of the Gout, is good againlt Sim-
Ie Contufions ; and cleanfes old putrid runnine
ores.

CHAP. DLXXXVlir.

Of R A M P I O N.

I. /“p H E Karnes. We know no Greek Name
A for this Plant: but it is called in Latine^
Rapuntium , and Rapunculus : It is called by Gef-
ner. , Dodonxus and others, Rapum Sylvefre , tho’
it is not at all like Rapum Or the Turnep] but
in the ediblenefs of the Root: in EngliJhJ Ram-
pion.

II. The Kinds. Authors give us many Species
of this, thefe following are mOft ufual with
us, viz . I. Rapunculus efculehtus vulgaris Ra-
puntium parvum^ Rapunculus minor Mattbioli
Camerarij , Dodonxi^ alior unique •, Rapunculum vul-
garc Tragi', Pcs Locuftx Avicenna - Our common
Garden Rampions. 2. Rapunculus Spicatus Alo -
pecuroides Rapunculum Sylveftre Tragi • Rapum
Sy heft re majus , & Rapunculum Alopecuron Dodo *
nxi. Rapuntium majus Alopecuroides Comofo Flore
Lobelij j Rapunculus Alopecuroides /pica longa Clu-
fij Rapunculus Sylveftm. J'picatus Thalij • Rapun-
culus Kemorofus primus Tabemxmontani • Rapun-
tium majus Gerardi • Great Rampion , or Long
Foxtail Rampion. 3. Rapunculus Kemorofus Ta-
ber nxmontani , Gerardi , & Parkinfom ■ Rapuncu-
lus Campanulat us Kerij foliis tertius Tk-alfi Our
Wood Rampion. 4. Rampunculus Kemorofus
Flore magno minor ; Rapuntium five Erin us Flore
magno Columnx , Wood Rampions with great
Flowers. $. Rapunculus Corniculatus Mont anus
Gerardi t, Our Mountain homed Rampions. 6.
Rapunculus Sylvefris Flore ex purpureo Candicante
Tabemxmontani , Campanula minor alba if purpurea
Gerardi , Our Wild Heath Rampion. 7. Rapun-
culus Creticus Bauhini ^ Pyramidali altera , Petro-
marula 5 Candy Rampions.

T be Descriptions.

III. The firjl , or Our common Garden Rampion.
Its Root is fmall and white , and gives Alilk being
broken , ns all the reft of the Plant does , Jhooting
out two or three Branches , almoft of an equal big -
nefs , which is fweet in Tafte , and therefore much
ufed to be eaten. It is ufually Kurfl up in Gardens
and is accounted a leffer Kind than many of the
others which grow Wild j and lying upon the Ground
with feveral Jmall and long round pointed pale
green Leaves , before it fends up its Stalks , which
fpread out zvith divers fuel) Leaves thereon , but
fmaller to the top , where break forth Jeveral fmall
pale purplifh Flowers , ending in five points , like
unto the Throat-worts, but much fmaller , having
alfo fuel) like Heads , with fmall brownijh Seed
therein.

IV. The fecond , or Great Rampion, or Long
Foxtail Rampion. Its Root is white , greater than

the

Chap. 588. ‘EngUjb Herbs. 927

former, but at full of M ilk, and as /meet , and
Jit to be eaten as it , effect ally when it is boiled ,
and after ft ewe d with Butter. The lower heaves
of this Rampion are fomewhat broad and round ,
yet ending in a fharp point , a little dented or waved
about the edges , of a dark green color , ;zr yiwp
places /potted with black Spots , and J landing upon
long fmall hoot Stalks -, but thofe which grow upon
the Stalks are fome thing longer atid narrower ,
/paring ly fet here and there , leaving the top bare j
where grows a fmall f piked Head or Bufh of blowers ,
almofl in fafhion of a Foxtail ( zohence came the
Name) at the fir ft of a darkifh green color , for fo
are the Husks of the Flowers which break out of
t hem , being long and fmall ', /n£p #>7/0 Horns , bigger
below , and fmaller above , ending in four , and
fometimes in five points , 0/ 0 blewifh purple color ,
/.tf /0;W0 paler, in others deeper , jW 0/ 0

white color : which being paft there appear in their
places fmall round Heads , £ //>//p corner'd, with
brownifh Seed therein.

V. The third, or Our Wood Rampion. Its Root
is white and long , but not fo tender as the former.
Its loweft Leaves are fomething long and dented
about the edges, yet not fo long as the next, which
are very long alfo, J landing upon fhort Stalks, with
fome fmaller ones at the Joints with them. The
Flowers are like the other Rampions, of a pale
watebet color.

VI. The fourth, or Wood Rampions with greater
Flowers. Its Root is fomewhat thick , and of a
whit if color inclining to red, full of Milk and
fweet, being as fit to be eaten, and more de fired
than any other. Its Leaves are fmall, fomewhat
long, and round at the ends-, the others which fol-
low, and grow after them upon the Stalks are nar-
rower and longer, and pointed alfo-, the Flowers are
longer than others , and of a dusky purplifh color ,
with purple Veins in them, many /landing together,
like unto, the ordinary Rampions, and of the fame
fafhion with five points , but of a deeper color.

Rampion Mountain Horned.

V II. The fifth , or Our Mountain Horned Ram-
pions. Its Root grows after an unufual manner -,
for firft or lovtermoft is a Root like to that of a
Rampion, but f, tenderer ■, and from the top of that ,
comet forth as it were another Root or two, (as it
were Root upon Root) being much fmaller than the
lower Root, efpecially where they are joined to the
under Root • and all thefe have fmall Fibres or
dt rings proceeding from them. The Leaves which
p/ji grow up are fmooth , and almofl like thofe
of a Rampion, yet rounder , and made fomewhat
after the form of a Violet Leaf but nothing fo big.
At the bottom of the Stalk come forth Jeven or
ei&ht long narrow Leaves, dented about the edges
and fharp pointed: and upon the reft of the Stalk
grow alfo three or four narrow fharp pointed Leaves,
not much unlike thofe at bottom of the Stalk, but
narrower and lejfer. The Flowers are of a purple
color, and grow at the top in an Umble or Tuft,
and jh aped almoft like a Chymical Veffel , which we
call a Retort , being big, large, or fwollen out of
tt)eir bottoms , and fo becoming fmaller towards
their tops. But afterwards they part themfelves
into five parts or fender Strings , with Threads in
the midtile : which decaying , they are fucceedled by
little Cups, ending in five little point els , in which
is contained a fmall little Seed.

VIII. The ftxth, or Our Wild Heath Rampion.
Its Root is fmall with fome Fibres adjoining to it.
Its Ground Leaves are fmall and roundifh , almoft

uft0 a V iolet , but rounder and dented about
the edges ■, from among which rife up weak J lender
Stalks , about two Feet high , which have very few
Leaves thereon, or none at all ■, each Stalk or
Branch having at its top one Flower only , of a per-
fect blew or white color as any of the former, and
almoft as large.

IX. The feventh, or Candy Rampion. Its Root
is great and white, parted into tnany Branches ,
yielding Milk even as the Leaves and Stalks alfo do,
and abides tnany Tears, alt ho the Leaves and Stalks
perifh every Tear, frejh fpringing up before Winter
again, but with us it requires to be a little defended
in Winter time as aforefaid. The firft Leaves
which fpring up from the Seed of this Cretick or
Candy Rampion, are round, like unto Violet Leaves.
liHle or nothing dented about the edges, which fo
abide the firft Tear ■, but thofe which rife afterwards
with the Stalks, are much different from them,
being much cut in, and deeper into fever a l parts
fet on both ftdes of the middle Rib, the end being
long eft , all of them dented, of a dark green color
on the upper fide, and oftentimes reddifh under-
neath. From among which rife up fever a l Crefted
Stalks two or three Feet high, bearing fuel) like
Leaves on them as below, but fmaller from the
middle to the tops, fur m fried abundantly with many
fmall reddifh purple Flowers, and fometimes with
white Flowers, growing one above another in a long
Spike, very like unto the Spiked Rampion, but
fomewhat longer, and more divided or dented in at
the corners, and each part turning it felf a little
back again. After which come very fmall brownifh
Seed in Heads, both of them like unto the other
Rampions. This Rena in his Mons Baldus , and
Honorius Bellus in his firft Epiftle to Clufus, calls
Pctromarula feu Lattuca petrta Cretica.

X. The Places. The firft is always Nurft up in
Gardens, and fometimes the fecond, both of which
are alfo found growing Wild in England, the Roots
being eaten in Sallees, and alfo eaten boiled. The
leventh grows with us only in Gardens, bur requires
to be a little defended in the Winter with us.
The third grows in Woods in many places of Eng-
land. The fourth grows alfo Wild in Fields fides

and

928

SalmonV ‘Herbal. Lib, I

and in Woods. The fifth Gerard fays, that hi
received Seeds and Roots rheieof from Mr. Good
yer , who found it growing plentifully Wild in th<
encloled Chalky Hill Grounds by Ala pa l Durbar.
near Petersfie/d in Hampfhire , and that being Plant
ed in Gardens , its Flowers become much longei
and fairer. The fixth grows Wild alfo in many
places in this Kingdom.

XI. The Times. They Flower in May, Jun
and July, yea even all the Simmer long, and lalt
Ing even to the cold of Autumn , which caufes
them to decay.

XII. The Qualities. The Roots of thefe Ram-
pions are only ufed, and are temperate in refpeft
to heat or cold, drynefs or moifture •, are Abitei
live, Cofmetick, Stomatick, Analeptick , and Ga-
leflogenetick , or encreafers of Milk in Nurfes
Brea It S'

XIII. The Specification. The Roots encreafe
appetite, caufe good digeltion, are Ablterfive, and
Cofmetick, clearing the Skin from deformities,
and reftore in Confumptions.

XIV. The Preparations. You may have there-
from. I. ASallet. 2. A Decottion. 3. A Cata-
plafm. 4. A Diftilled Water from the Roots and
whole Plant.

The Virtues .

XV. The Sallet. The Roots of all the Ram-
pions, if they be of any greatnefs, are ufed for
Sailers, either Cold, with Salt, Vinegar* Oil, and
Pepper; being cut and Iliced thin. Or being
boiled, or Hewed in Butter, or Oil, and fo eaten
with Salt, Vinegar and Pepper ^ either way, or
any way, they are familiar to the Stomach, ffir
up the Appetite, and caufe Digeftion; and fo
caufe Milk in Nurfes Breafts •, And by reafbn of
their Temperate and Analeptick, or Nutritive Qua-
lities, they encreafe Blood and Flefh, and fo reftore
in Confumptions.

XVI. The Decoffion. It may be made in Wine
Milk, or Water. It is faid to be good againft
(nflamations of the Mouth, Throat and Almonds,
and other difeafes happening to thofe parts, in
like manner, as the Throat-Worts are.

XV II. The Cataplafm. The Roots beaten fmall
and mixed with Meal or Flower of Lupines
or rather of Orobus, cleanfes the Skin, from Scurff,
Morphew, Pimples, Spots, Marks, and other like
Defcedations or Difcolorings.

XVIII. The Diftilled Water of Roots and the
whole Plant. It has all the Virtues of the Cata-
plafm , and makes the Face and Skin, very fine,
beautiful and clear. Drank conftantly by Nurfes'
either alone, or mixt with Milk or Whey, and a
little fweetned with double Refined Sugar, it en-
creafes Milk in their Breafts, and is good againft
a Pining Confumption , as alfo for Ulcers of the
Lungs.

C LI A P. DLXXXIX.

Of RAMSON:

0 ft,

BEARS-- GAR LICK.

/T' H ft Karnes. It has no proper Greek
-L Name , but as being a Species of Wild
rarlick , it may be called 'z.ko&J'x dyeia. : in Latine ,
Allium Urftnum - Allium Latijohum \ and Moly
Hippocraticum in Englifh , Ram fen, or Ramfons.

II. The Kinds. This Ramfon is certainly a Spe-
cies of Garlick , as appears by the Smell and Tafte,
Rarkinfon joins it with the Garden Garlick.
Gerard with the Wild: for that it has been found
growing Wild in Woods : This is Bcars-Garlick ,
or Garden Ramfons. There is another Ramfon cal-
led Allium Montanum , Allium Alpinum htifolium
Gerardi ; Allium anguinum Matthioli , £? Parkin -
font-, Vitlorialis longa Chtfij ; (becaufe Gladiolus is
called Vitlorialis rotunda) Ophiofcoridon Lob eh j ;
Snake Ranfom.

The Defcrzptions.

III. Tie frft , dr Bears- Garlick or Garden
Ramfon. It has a Root which is divided
into many cloves or parts, by which it much

Ramfons ; Boars Garliik :

Allium Urlinum.

encerafes-.

Chap. 59°. 'Englijh Herbs.

929

encreales ; and is much milder than the Com-
mon Garlick both in Tafie and Smell. It has
veto or three fair broad. Leaves of a frejb
or light green color , and pointed at the end.
The Stalk groins to be about an Hand length
high , bearing many fitiall and pure while Star-
like blowers at the top ; and afterwards J. mall ,
black and Jmoolh round Seed.

IV. Gerard thus deferibes it. Inftead of a Root,
it has a long fender' bulb, which fends down a -
buniance of Strings, and is covered with Skins or
thick Coats. From whence Spring two or three
broad tongijh Leaves, (harp pointed, /month, and
of a light green color. The Jhtlk is a /pan high,
fmooth and Jlcnder, bearing at the Top a c/ujler of
whiter far faflnoned flowers.

V. The fecond, or Snake Ramfon, Its root is
bulbous but longer than the other, covered with
a broanijh outward Skin or Coat , /omewhat
netted as it were like Gladiolus, with a Tuft
of fibers oljoing to it. Parkinfon fays, it hits
j omewhat broader Leaves than the other Ram-
fon, fomething like to Lilly Convally Leaves, but
/potted oftentimes with black Spots, cu the fender
Stalks are, which bear many /mall white Flowers
on their Heads.

VI. Gerard deferibes this fecond fort thus. Its
Root is great and long , covered with many fcaly
Coats, and hairy Strings. This Mountain Ramfon
ri/es up with a Stalk half a Lard high, and of about a
fingers thickne/s , yet very weak, and full of a Spongy
Subfiance . near to the bottom, it is of a purplifh
color, and gi ten above , bearing at the top
a multitude of /mail whit if) Flowers , Star-
fafhionci and fomething Gaping. The Leaves
are three 'or four broad, and Ribbed like the
leaves of Great Gentian, but more refetn-
bling the Leaves of Garden Ramfon , or Bears-
Garlick (before defer ibed) favtng that they are
larger.

VII. The P laces. The firft, or Bears-Garlick or
Ramfon , befides its being Planted in Gardens , is
found to grow Wild in many parts of England, in
Woods and Borders of Fields under Hedges, among
the Bulhes. Gerard fays, he found it growing in
the next Field to Booby’s Bam near London,
under that Hedg which borders upon the Lane :
alfo upon the left Hand under an Hedg adjoin-
ing to a Lane leading to Hampftead near London.
The fecond grows Wild on the Mountains of Ger-
many as Clufius fays but with us only in the Gar-
dens of the Curious.

VIII. The Tunes. They fpring up in April and
May, and they Flower in June and July-, and their
Seed is ripe in Augujl.

IX. The Qualities. They both of them have
all the Qualities of Carden Garlick, bur are
not full out l'o ftrong and efficacious as it, being
hot and dry but in the third Degree.

X. The Specification, Preparations , and Ver-
tices are the fame with thofe of Garden
Garlick, in Chap. 307. Sill. 9. ad Set}. 22.
to which I refer you: yet the following par-
ticular Obfervations Authors have made concern-
ing them.

XI. Obfervat. 1. The Leaves of Ramfons ;
In the Low Countries. They are ftamped and
eaten by feveral People with Fifh for a Sawce ;
juft as we eat Green Sawce made with Sorrel.
And the lame Leaves may very well be eaten
in April and May with Bread and Butter, for
they very much expel Wind, and ftrengthen the
Stomach.

XII. Obfervat. 2. The Dijli/led Water of the
Roots and whole Plant. It is of Angular good

ule againft Stone, Gravel, Sand and Tartar in
the Reins and Bladder : it opens obltrucfions
ol- thofe parts, and cleanfes them very well : it
provokes Urine ; and is faid even to break the
Scone and drive it forth. But if it breaks it,
I conclude, jhat its fubttance or confidence, mult
be made of a Friable matter.

XIII. 'Obfervat. 3. The Root of the Snake Ram-
fon. It is like Garlick in its Operation. Came-
rarius fays, that Country People hang it about
the Necks of their Cattle, when they are fallen
Blind , arid perfwade themfelves, that by this
means they will recover their Sight again. Thofe
who work in the Mines In Germany, fay (as Clufi-
ns reports,) that they find this Root powerful
in defending them from the injuries of Evil
Spirits and Devils , which are oftentimes trou-
blefome in thofe places. I rather think that
hereby is meant, that it is good agailf the Ma-
lignity of'Poifonous and Pelfilential Vapofs, and
Morciferous Damps, which are very frequent in
the Mines.

RAKF.T, fee Rocket, Chap. 598.
RAMPE, fee Wake Robin, Chap.
RAPE, fee Turnep, Chap.

CHAP. DXC.

Of RAPE - SEE Di

AND

COLE-RAPE.

I. 'T' H E Names. We know no Greek Name
± it has: but it is called in Latine , Rapo-
Cau/u , W Caulo-Rapum : in Englijh , Rape and
Cole-Rape.

11. The Kinds. The Species we treat of
here ate, 1. Rapo-Caulis, The Garden Rape-
Cole. 2. Caulo-Rapum , The Garden Cole-
Rape. 3. Brajfca Sy/veftris, vel arvenfts ,
The Wild Rape, or Cole-wort, which yields
the Rape Seed, and is only fown for Profit
fake.

The Defcriptiotii

III. The firft, or Garden Rape Cole. It has
one (ingle long Root , garmjhed with many Thready
Strings. From which fifes up a great thick Stalk,
bigger than a Great Cucumber, or Great Turnep,
at the top whereof /hoots forth , great broad Leaves
like to thofe of Cabbage-Cole. The Flowers grow
at the Top on fender Stalks, compatl of four
fmall yellow Leaves , which being paft, the Seed
follows, inclofei in fmall long Cods, like the Seed
of Mujiardi

6 C

IV. Pdf

o

Salmon V Herbal.

Lib. L

Rape-Cole.

IV. Tarkinfon defcrihes this Rape Cole thus.
It has a Root which is fomewhat long , and
very bujhy with Threads, fr om the Head oj
this Root , proceeds another white Head , or
Headed Stalk above the Ground , as large as
a reafonable Turnep, but a little longer t and
from the top thereof proceeds or fprings out
divers great Leaves like unto Cole worts)
for which reafon it is accounted one of the
Kinds of Coleworts:_) from among thefe Leaves ,
rife divers Stalks , which bear yellow Flow-
ers , con fifing of four Leaves apiece ; and Seed
in f mall long pods , aim eft as fmall as Muftard
Seed.

V. The fecond , or Garden Cole Rape.
It has a long fibrous Root like unto the for-
mtr. The Tuberous Stalk is very great and
long, tbrujltng forth in feme places here and
there fome foot Stalks, on which do grow
fmooth Leaves, J lightly indented about the
edges: on the top of the long Turnep Stalk
grow Leaves, Stalks, and dowers like the for-
mer. This differs from the Jirft chiefly in the
length of the fxnoln Stalk, for which reajon it
is called by fome Cuulo Rapum longum, or Long
Cole Rape.

VI. The third, or Wild Rips, -or Wild
Cole wort, (which yields the Rape Seed, oj
which they make Rape OilJ Its Root is white,
hard, and. fomewhat Woody, from this Root
fp’ing up many long gray iff round Leaves,
touch gafhed in, or torn on the edges.
From among thefe Leaves rife up the Stalks,
bearing Juch like Leaves, but fmaller ; and
at their tops yellowiff Flowers, each confiji-
ing of four Leaves y which are fuceeeded

Rape Seed Plant.

by fmall rough Tods , with fmall round Seed, in
them.

„ VH. Gerard thus deferibes this Kind. This
Wild Rape, or Cole-wort has long broad Leaves ,

Rape Seed Plant.

Chap. 591. ‘Enghjh Herbs.

not unlike to the Tame or Garden Cole-wort, but
/offer , at is all the refi of the Plant. This is of
its own .Wit are Wild, and therefore not Nurfl up
for Pood ■' but it is Sown and Husbanded in whole
Helds for the Seed fake , by which the Owners
oftentimes get great Gain.

VIII. The Places. The two firlt are Natives of
Italy , Spain , and fome places of Germany : from
home of which places Seed has been lent to us,
and they are become Natives in many of our Gar-
dens. The third grows Wild on many Ditch
bank Tides, both in the Up-lands and near the Sea
fide : but now for the profit lake which is made
of the Seed, (by extraUion of its Oil, by the help
of Oil Mills , built on purpofe for that ufe) whole
Fields are fometimes iown therewith, as we but
even now hinted.

IX. T he Times. They all Flower when other
Colcworts do, viz. about the middle or end of Ju-
ly and the Seed is ripe in the middle or end of
Ajtguft.

X. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations
Virtues and Ufes of thele Plants, are the fame
with thofe of the Garden Cole-wort in Chap, 143.
Sell. 7. ad 22. fo that no more need be faid of them
in this place : having that the Wild Rape , 01 Rape
Seed Plant, is feldom or never ufed either as Food
01 Sallet but is chiefly produced for the Oil of its
Seed.

XI. Obfervatien 1. The Seed of the Rape-Cole,
or Cole Rape. If it is grofsly bruifed and boiled
a little in Meat or Flefh Broth, it is a prefent Re-
medy for the Colick : The Seed and Broth being
taken together, eafing them who ate troubled theri>
with, of all Griping Pains, and gives eafe alfo to
thofe who are troubled with the Stone in the
Reins.

XII. Obfero. 2. An E/etluary of the Pulp of
the boiled Stalks. If the Turncp part of the Stalk
is boiled or baked till it is foft, you are to take
the Pulp thereof, and with a little Honey and Al-
mond-Milk, to make a Lohoch, or foft EleHuary.
This taken now and then upon a Knives point
is very profitable for (hortnels of Breath, and’
fuch as are entring into a conlumption of the
Lungs.

XIII. Oferv. 3. Gerard fays, that there is no-
thing Wrote of the Faculties of thefe Rape-Coles
or Cole-Rapes but he fays they are accounted for
dainty Food, contending with the Cabbage in good-
nefs, and pleafant Tafte.

XIV. Obferu. 4. Not taking notice of the
Mechanick Ufes for which Rape Seed Oil is had
in Eftimation : its Medical Ufe is for eafing of
Pains in am part of the Body ; by anointing
the parts affefted well therewith, and applying
Cloths dipt in it over the fame. It is Anodyn
Relaxative, and gives eafe in the Gout , Cramp ’
arid helps lhrunk Sinews, if not of too long con-
tinuance. It eafes Pains of the Spleen, Reins and
Womb, being outwardly applykl, and inwardly
taken to the quantity of a Spoonful or two at
a time.

93J

C H A P. DXCI.

Of RASP-BERRY Plant ;

0 R,

hinde - berry.

TP H E Names. It is called in Greek, e«V©-
A Ha. m: in Ratine, Rubm Idtea: in Enghfh
Rafp-Berry , and Hinde-Berry.

II. The Kinds. We £haU defetibe five feveral
V arieties , viz. 1 . Rub us ileus vulgaris vet Hor-

lenfis. Out common Garden Rafp-Berry. 2. Rubus
Montanas Odoratus, The fweet Mountain Rafpis.
3. Rubus lrteoccos, Our common Field Dew-
p/’ D4',- Rvb'“ Saxatillis Alpinus, The Stony,
Rock Raip-Berry. 5. Chamamorus Anghca Our
Knot-Berry. 5 ’

The Defer ipt tons.

. ^’,:e firfl > or Our common Rafp-Berry.

Its Root creeps under Ground very far, and Jhoots
up again in many places, much increafing thereby.
It is of two forts, viz. one bearing red Berries,
the other white-, but otherwise they differ not in
their Jorm or manner of growing , either as to the

Rafp-Berry Bufb.

whole Bujh or at to the leaf. Flower or Berry but
only ,n the color of the Fruit, and a little wthe
Tafle thereof the white Rafp-Berry being a little
more pleafant than the red. The Rafp-Berry Buft
has lender whittfh Stems, with redd,_ fh /mail' Pricks
6 C 2 like

93

Salmon j ‘Herbal .

Lib. I.

like Herrs Jet round them , efpccia'Uy at the jirft
token they ate young: but when they grow old
they become jvorc woody and firm , without any
/how oj 1 horns or Prickles upon them , and have
only a little hairinefs covering them. The Leaves
t ire fomewhat rough vr rugged , and wrinkled ,

Rafp-Berry Garden.

/landing three or five upon a Stalk , fomc thing
like unto Rofes, but greater-, and of a grayer green
color. The Flowers are J, 'mall , made oj five zvhi-
ti/h round Leaves , with a iafi. ) as it were of blujh
cafi over them , funding together , jv/

one upon its own Stalk at the tops of the Branches.
After which come up final l Berries , fomething big-
ger than the Common fmall red Straw-Berry, with
a kind of downinefs cafi over them , of a pleafant
acid Tafie , having a kind of peculiar flavor of their
own.

IV. The fecond , or Sweet Mountain Rafp-

Berry. Its Root creeps and fpreads much under
Ground , /z/ ///£ does. It has feveral long

Stalks rifing up from the Root , without any Thorns
on them , but fet thick with foft Hairs , having on ;
them broad and large Leaves without order , £/•£?«>- '

upon long hairy foot Stalks , divided into five
parts, almoft to the midJe Rib , and Jomctimes but
into three, each part a little dented about the edges,
of a very fweet Smell , but falling /'//Winter. The
Flowers are fomething large like the Eglantine,
of a diluted purplifh Violet color, with feveral
yellow Threads in the middle , J landing at the tops
of the Branches: after which come the Fruit, very
like to the former and reddifh, having much the
Rafp-Berry Tafie.

V. The third, w* Our common Field Dew -Berry.
Its Root creeps under Ground more than the lafi,
and has fender weak Branches like that , but
more often lying down , than rifing up, with a few
Thorns or Prickles thereon. The Leaves are ufu- i
ally but three fet together , more fe par ate on the !

Ptnc!KS,\ >r,yrA " lar^ uni finding on tong
hot Stalks. The flowers ore white and fmall.
1 he Berries if tally cenffi bat of three parts or
bunch mgs out , each having but one Grain or Seed
'? ‘‘"i “!l ma/nng but one Berry ; yet fometimes

they may have a, or ; of tliofe Grape like bunching s
out ; being of a fweet and pleafant Tafie.

VI. The fourth, or The Stony , or Rock Rafp-

Lury. I s Root creeps all about , and J loots forth
feveral Branches from the Joints as they creep. It
is but a low Riant and is more of the Raip-Berry
turn than of the Bramble. It has feveral fender
reddijh twiggy hairy Branches , little more than a
foot fcarccly half a Yard high, without any Thorns
or 1 sickles at all on them -, the Leaves are fet here
and there, on the Stalks and Jl and on long foot
Stalks, being rough, and three always joined toge-
ther, dented about the edges, and of a very R y fate h
or harfh binding Tafte. The flowers ftandat the
,02s °‘ r or four together, con -

Jft mg fomc oj four , and fame of five Leaves a-
piece, oj a pale, or whiti/h Rofe color, which after
wards turn into fmall fruit , compofcd of three
jour, five, or more fmall Grape like B undoings out
larger than either in the Bramble, or Garden Rafp-
Berry. The whole Berry is of a reddijh color when
it is ripe, and almoft iranf parent, full of a mod
pleafant acid fweet Juice, very grateful to the
Palat e having in each of its bunching! out, a.

Jmall white rough Grain, or Seed.

VII. Tpe fifth, or Our Knot-Berry. Its Root

creeps much and far, /hooting forth fmall f ibres at
the knotty Joints, be which it is f, fined in the
Ground, and from whence Spring up divers new
Shoots or Stalks. It nfes up with J lender brownifh
Stalks, fcarccly exceeding a foot in height -ustlefa
the Soil be very good, fet with jour or five large
Leaves, one above another, at feveral Joints, each
of them divided into five parts , and each of thrnt
fomewhat deeply jagged, and dented alfo round the
edges, rough and as it were crumpled, each noon a
long foot Stalk, which at the Joints hoot i fmall
pieces like Ears growing thereto. Each Stalk be-
ing jurnijbed at top, with one flower, confiftmg of
five round pointed Leaves, of a dark purple color
Being pafi away, there follows a large Berry like
to a Mulberry, confiftmg of many Grams , fet to-
gether, of a reddijh color when it is ripe, and of
a fweet add Tafie. ' J

VIII. T he Places. The firft grows generally

with us in Gardens throughout the Kingdom
Gerard lays, that it grew not Wild that he knew
of except in a Field by a Village in Lancajhire
called Harwood, not far from Blackburns ■ alfo
among the Bulhes of a Cawfey near to Wfierton
two Miles from Nantwich in Chejhire -, I have
formerly found it to grow Wild alfo, in fome parts
ot the fens in Cambridgeshire, not far from a
Town called Chartres. The fecond grows on Hills
and higher Grounds in divers places. The third
grows in many places in the North of England
as, Chejhire, Lancajhire , and Yorkjhire , alfo in
Cambridgeshire, in many of the Plowed Fields and
Arable Land in feveral places. The fourth’ in
Stoney and Rocky places in the ljle of Tenet
and other places in Kern, it grows alfo in Hunt-
mgtonfkire and Northamptonshire. The fifth grows
on the high Hills in Lancajhire, it loves open and
Snowy Hills, and Mountains, and grows plentiful-
ly upon lngleborougb Hills in Lancajhire afore-
named , which is thought to be the higheft Hill
in England-, as alfo upon Penile Hills in Yorkjhire
which is another Hill, nearly as high as the former’
and other like places- J

IX. The

Chap. 591. Englijh ‘Herbs.

m

IX. The Times. They all Flower about the
latter end of May, thro’ all June and July ; and
the Berries are ripe in Auguft and September.

X. The Qualities. The Roots, Stalks, Leaves,
Flowers, and unripe Fruit are cold and drying in
the firlt Degree, Aftringent, and Styptick, Vulnera-
ry, and Alexiphurmick.

XI. The Specification. They Hop Fluxes of the
Belly, and bleeding in the inward parts, are good
againft the overflowing of the Courfes in Women :
they cure Sores and Ulcers of the Throat, Mouth
and other parts, are profitable againft the bitirrgs
of Serpents, and cure the Stomacace, or Scurvy,
being ufed according to Art, for fome confiderable
time.

XII. The Preparations. Vou may have here-
from , I . A Liquid Juice of the Roots , Stalks and
Leaves. 1. A Liquid and Infpiffate Juice of the
green or unripe Berries. 3. A Deed! ion of the
Roots , Leaves , Flowers and unripe Berries. 4.
A DecoUion of the dryed unripe Berries. ;. The
ripe Berries. 6. A Conferve of the Flowers. 7.
A Conferve of the unripe Berries. 8. A Conferve
of the ripe Berries. 9. A Syrup of the Juice of
the ripe Berries. 10. A Wine of the ripe Berries.
it. A Pouder of the Roots and Leaves. 12. A Di-
jl Hied W atter from the whole Plant and unripe
Berries. 13. A Vinous Spirit from the Berries.

The Virtues.

XIII. The Liquid Juice of Roots , Leaves and
Stalks. Taken to 3 or 4 Spoonfuls at a time in
any convenient Vehicle, as Red Wine, &c. it flops
all forts of Fluxes of the Bowels, Fluxes of the
Womb, and defluxions of Humors to any Sore,
Ulcer, or other part of the Body; it is excellent
againft Catarrhs, and mixed with Honey, or Syrup
of the Berries ripe or unripe , it is good againft
Sores and Ulcers of the Throat, Mouth, and Secret
parts ; and is alfo very profitable to the fpeedy
healing of Green Wounds.

XIV. The Liquidand Infpiffate Juice of the green
or unripe Berries. They have both of them all
the Virtues of the former Juice, but much more
efteffual to all thofe Intentions. The Liquid
Juice may be given Morning and Evening from
1 Spoonful to 2, in a Glafs of Red Port Wine
or other proper Vehicle. The Infpiffate Juice may
be given from a Dram to two Drams or more, dif-
folved in the DecoUion of the Leaves, or in Red
Styptick Wine, and then fweetned with the Syrup
of the ripe Berries. They are both good againft
the heat and Inflamation of the Throat, Almonds
and Mouth, flop Spitting of Blood, and all forts
of Fluxes of Blood wherefoever. And mixt with
Honey are good to heal Sore Eyes.

XV. The DecoUion of the Roots, Stalks , Leaves,
Flowers and unripe Berries, in Wine or Water.
It has all the Virtues of the former Liquid and
Infpiffate Juices, but muft be given in greater
quantity, as to 4 or 6 Ounces or more Morning
and Night, mixed with Syrup of Mulberies,
or Syrup of ripe or unripe Rafp-berries , it makes
an extraordinary Gargle for a fore Throat and
Mouth, takes off the force of the hot Inflamation,
and in a little time caufes a healing: and being
alfo fwallowed down, it cools and repreffes inward
Fevers.

XVI. Toe DecoUion of the dried unripe Berries.
It has the Virtues of the former DecoUion and of
the Juices, and may betaken in the fame Dole of
the DecoUion, either alone fweetned with the Syrup

I °J ‘be Berries, or mixt with fome proper Wine-
; It is good againft the Poifon of Scorpions , Ser-
pents and other Venomous Beafts, being both in-
wardly taken in Wine, and outwardly fomented up-
pon the pate Raiding hot, or as hot as it can be
endured, for fome confiderable time.

XVII. The ripe Berries. They ate eaten raw
and fo they cool , abate the heat of the molt vio-
lent Fevefs, even of the Peftilential, attemperate
the Stomach, and rgfrefh, and chear the Spirits -
and are of extraordinary benefit, to be plentifully
eaten by fuch as are troubled with the Stomacace
or Scurvy, viz. the Stomach Difeafe, for they
cool, cleanfe, and ftrengthen the Stomach, and
reftore Its healthful Tone, and withall reUify the
Difcraiy of the Blood and Juices.

XVIII. The Conferve of the Flowers. It is
Styptick or Binding , and of lingular good ufe
againft all forts of Fluxes of the Bowels in Man
or Woman, taken to the quantity of a Chejl-Kut
Morning and Night.

XIX. The Conferve of the unripe Berries. It
has all the Virtues of both the Liquid Juices and
Infpiffate Juice aforegoing, and may be taken
Morning and Evening, upon a Knives point, to
the quantity of a Cheft-Nut. It is very cooling
and grateful to the Stomach, and flops Vomit-
ing.

XX. The Conferve of the ripe Berries. It is
not fo great an Afttingent as the former ; but is of
good ufe to cool and ftrengthen the Stomach, re-
hit the Scurvy, and to take off the preternatural
heat of Fevers, and caufe a good Appetite.

XXI. T be Syrup of the Juice of the ripe Berries.
It is pleafant and grateful, efte£tual to cool a hot
Stomach, and to quicken and reffeih fuch as are
overcome with Sicknefs at Heart and Faintings. It
refills the Scurvy in a hotConftitution, and is very
Cordial.

XXII. The Wine of the ripe Bernes. It is

made of the Juice by a Natural Fermentation,
as the Wine of Grapes are made. And when by
Age and keeping it becomes fine, it is a noble
Cordial, and as much comforts the Spirits as other
Wine does. Parkinfon fays, that it is generally-
held at leaft by many, that the Red Wine which
is ufually Sold by the Vintners is made . of Rtfp-
Berries. As to the truth of this I can fay no-
thing : but this I can fay, that the Vintners need
Of - lie beholden to the Rafp-Berry for Red Wine
for that there is a Red Grape which yellds a Blood
red Juice, of as deep a Red, as any thing can be
imagined to be. ...

XXIII. The Pouder of the Roots and Leaves. It
is Styptick, but of a thin Subftance, for which
reafon, (experience having alfo confirmed the lame)
it is faid to wade away the Stone in the Reins-
and alfo to break the Scone and drive forth Gravel
and Sand out of the Reins and Bladder: and
Itrewed on old Sores and running Ulcers yef
tho’ Cancerous, it is faid wonderfhlly to help and
heal them.

XXIV. The Dijiilled Water from the whole
Plant and unripe Berries. Ic is of extraordi-
nary uie in cooling the Body, and abating, preter-
natural hear. II ic is taken (being impregnated
with a few drops of Spirit of Sulphur,) it takes
away the heat , and extinguilhes the malignity of
all Burning and Malign Fevers, yea of the Pefti-
lence it fell. And fo ufed ic admirably quenches
Thirlt, and fuppotts the Spirits againft Fainting,
Swooning , and other like accidents of the
Vitals.

, XXy The Spirit. It is Diftilied off from the
the Wine made of the Berries in an Aiembick,

exa£t-

934 Salmon’ s ‘Herbal. Lib. I.

exa&ly in the fame manned as you make Spirit oj
Wine. If it is well done, it .is full as ltrong and
as good as Spirit of Wine , and as pure: and when
it has Age upon it is fcaicely to be known from true
Spirit of Wine. It ferves to all the fame ufes which
Spirit ef Wine does, both in Chymiltry and Phy-
fick, and is full as good and as Cordial, being taken
as a Dram.

CHAP. DXCII.

Of RATTLE-GRASS' Red:

OR,

Red L O U S E - W O R T.

I. Names. It is called in Greeks *9sie/oy -•

X in Latine , Pedicularis , and Fijiularia , alfo
Crifia Gallic or Gallinacea rubra: in Englifh ,
Rattle-Grafs , Red. Rattle Grafs , Red Cocks-Comb ,
and Red Louf e-wort.

II. The Kinds. There are three Species here-
of, viz. i. Pedicularis Pratenfis rubra vulgaris ,
Or if} a Galli altera , five Pbtbirion -, Our Com-
mon red Rattle. 2. Pedicularis major montana •,
Pedicularis Alpina filicis folio major Baubini
Alefforolopbus major Clufij , The greater Mountain
Rattle-Grals, or greater Red Cocks-Comb. 3.
Pedicularis montana minor ; Pedicularis A! pint
Filicis folio minor Baubini Alefforolopbus minor
Clufij h The leffer Mountain red Rattle-Grafs.
There is alfo Fellow Rattle-Grafs , or Rattle-Grafs
with yellow Flowers, called generally Cocks-Comb ,
and under that Title we have already treated of it
in Chap. 142 aforegoing, to which you are referred.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firfi, or Our Common red Rattle. Its
Root confifts of two or three fmall whit iff) Strings

Rattle-Grafs red , or, Lonfe-wort.

with fome Fibres adjoining to them. It has (eve-
ral reddijh hollow Stalks , which are fometimes
green alfo, rifing up from the Root , lying for the
mofi part on the Ground , yet fome growing more
upright, with many fmall reddifh greenifh Leaves
Jet on both fides oj a middle Rib , finely denied
about the edges. The Flowers jiand at the tops
of the Stalks and Branches , of a fine purplijh red
color, like fmall gaping Hoods after which come
flat blackijh Seeds in fmall Husks , which lying loofe
therein , will Rattle by Jhaking, whence came the
Name.

IV. The fecond, or Greater Mountain Rattle-
Grafs, or Greater Red Cocks-Comb. Its Root is
long, thick, and black. It rifes up near half a Tard
high, with a thick crefted hollow Stalk, Jet fome-
thing thick , with long Stalks of Winged Leaves
made after the manner of Feme, notched about the
edges, one above another. The Flowers are like
the former , but of a whitijh color, growing in a
long Spike-, after which follow broader Husks
containing therein flat Seed much like to Mad-
wort.

V. The third, or Leffer Mountain red Rattle-
Grafs. Its Root is long and white , of the thick-
et ejs of ones Finger , with fome great Fibres ad-
joining to it. This f mailer kind grows much lower
than the la ft, and with fewer Leaves on the Stalks
which are fender, but hollow alfo like unto them.
The Flowers like wife are fmaller and grow on a
for ter Spike, but of a delicate fhining red Color .
The Husks which follow, are greater than the firft,
with long beaks at their ends , having corner'd Seed
within them.

VI. The Places. They grow the firft in our
Meadows, the fecond and third in our Woods and
Mountainous and Hilly Grounds, in many parts
of this Land ; and are rather a Plague and Annoy-
ance to the Land, than of any good ule for the
Cattle. The firft delights in moilt and moorifh
Meadows, where it encreafes and becomes hurtful
to the Grafs.

VII. The Times. Gerard lays the firft Flowers
in May and June. Parkin fon lays, they Flower
in June, and fometimes till Auguli is palt.

VIII. The Qualities. They are cold and dry in
the firft degree •, Aftringent, and Vulnerary.

IX. The Specification. It heals the Bloody Flux,
flops the overflowing of the Courfes in Women,
or any other Flux of Blood •, flops all other Fluxes
of the Bowels, as alfo any Flux of Humors to any
old running Sore, Ulcer or Filtula , and is profi-
table for the fpeedy healing them up.

X. The Preparations. You may have herefrom
1. A Liquid Juice of the Plant. 2. H Deco than
oj the fame in rough or Styptic k Red Wine 3. A
Ponder of the Seed , and Leaves.

Tbs Virtues.

XI. The Liquid Juice. Taken from a Spoon-
ful to two in Red Styptick Wine, Morning and
Night, it flops the overflowing of the Courfes in
Women, and all other Fluxes of the Bowels, as
alfo Catarrhs or Fluxes of Rheum into the Mouth
and Throat, and all forts of fluxes of Humors
upon the Joints and other parts, and thin Diltilla
tions upon old running Sores, Ulcers, Fiftula's, Lie,
caufing them fpeediiy to heal, more efpeciaily if
they be daily wafhed with the fame Juice, mixed
with an eighth part of Common Spirit of Wine
or Brandy. Inwardly taken alfo as aforefa.id. i;

cures

Chap. 59}- 'Englijh ‘Herbs. p 3 .

cures Spitting of Blood, Vomiting of Blood, Pif-
fing of Blood, and other inward Bleedings, and
after due cleanfing, heals Ulcers of the Bowels.

XII. T he LecoQion in Red Sryptick Wine. It
has all the Virtues of the 'Juice aforegoing, but
much weaker, and therefore ought to be ufed in
larger quantities, as from a quarter to half a Pint
Morning Noon and Nighr, a little fweetned with
double Refined Sugar. Sweetned with Honey, and
ufed as a Gargarijm, it is an excellent thing to
cure Infiamations, Sores, and Ulcers in the Ah
monds, Throar, Mouth, Tongue and Gums fife
being ufed 3, 4, or 5 times a Day. And to ufed
alto as a Wafii for running Sores, or as an InieUion
lor hollow Ulcers and Filtula’s, it cleanfes, incar-
nates, and caufesa fpeedy healing. It is an excel-
lent thing alfo for an Injeaion in a Virulent Gonor-
rhea, Univerfals being premifed, and cure the Viru-
lent running in Women.

XIII. The Ponder of the Leaves and Seed. Be-
ing taken inwardly to a Dram in Red Wine, it (tops
all Fluxes of the Bowels, even the Bloody Flux
and all other inward Fluxes of Blood : and out-
wardly applyed to any old running Sore or Ulcer
it very much drys up rhe Humor, (tops the Fluxion’
and induces a Ipeedy healing.

Burr-Reed, or Sedge.

1.

CHAP. DXCIII.

Of REED - BURR;

O R,

SEDGE.

TH E Karnes. It is called in Arabick,
Saf arher amort : in Greek, Sz*i j*W: (fa-
fciola : quod ex co fafeit fierent.) Alfo
Xiphidion , Gladiolus , enjiculus , ( becaufe it is
Sword like, and double edged : ) fome think it to
be BiTtfuf, Butomos Tbeopbrafti, qua eft Herb a
pa/ujirts, acutam habeas aciem fecanfque : in
Latine, Sparganium, and Xiphidion -, which is
the Platanaria Dodonai O' Thalij ; becaufe the
Burrs of it are like to thofe of the Plane Tree :
But Lonicerus calls it Carex , which to me feems
the more proper Name: in Englijh, Burr-Reed
Sheer-Graft, Sword-Graft, Burr-weed, Sedge’
which lalt, is the proper Englijh Name. ’

II. The Kinds. There are feveral forts of ir
the three following are chief, viz. 1. Carex
Ratnofa, Sparganium Ramofum , Platanaria Vo-
donei £7 Thalij-, Butomos Tbeophrajii Rue! Ho &
Anguilara , Xiphidion Diofcoridis, Our Sedge or
Burr-Reed Branched. 2. Carex non Ramofum
Sparganium majus non Ramofum ; Sparganium al-
ter um Lobelij-, Platanaria altera Voioneei, Sedge
or Burr-Reed not Branched. 3. Sparganium mauts
Ramofum Virginianum , The great Branched Burr-
Reed of Virginia.

T be Defer tpl.

tons.

III. The fir ft , or Our Sedge, or Burr-Reed
Branched. Itt Root is Bujhy , confining of a great
number 0} Strings and f mall Fibres. It has larger
broader and rougher Leaves than thofe of the Cats-

Tail dr Reed-Mace, yet a little or in fome fmall
meajure three Square at it were, like them and
Sharp both on the edges and at the points, ’prom
among which rifes up a rough round Stalk, 2 or 3
f et high, with the like, but leffer Leaves on them
dividing or branching it felf towards the top into
feveral parts, bearing on them feveral fmall green
Burrs, which are not rough at the firft , but grow-
ing ripe , are hard and prickly, fomewbat refembl-
ing the rough Burrs of the Platanus , or Plane
Tree, with a Leaf at each Joint up to the top.

IV. The Second, or Sedge, or Burr Reed not
Branched. The Root of this is in all re/peils like
to that of the former. It grows up alfo in like
manner , but with Leaves fomewbat broader than
thofe, and a fingle lower Stalk not Branched at all-
but bearing the like Balls or Burrs, yet Something
Softer, and not Jo prickly, with a Leaf at every one
of them like wife.

V. The third, or Great Branched Sedge, or Burr
Reed of Virginia. Its Root is fomewbat knobby at
the Head, with feveral fibres or Strings thereat.
Ir has only 2 or 3 very long and fomewbat broad
pale green Leaves rifing from the Root, and in the
?nidjt of them a Jirong round Stalky without anv
leaves thereon h but Branching it felf forth near
the lop into many round and Jomcwhat prickly
Burrs of the bignefs of a Wall-Nut, without any
Jhew oj flowers appearing thereon.

} I- Tie Placfs. They ufually grow in Marlhes,
Watery Ditches, Ponds, and in Rivers Salt and
Frefh Waters, or by their (ides : the two firft in
feveral parts of this Land : The third in Virginia
Maryland, Nem-England, Neie-Tork , Carolina and’
other parts of Florida. The two firft grow plen-
tifully

n6

Salmon 's Herbal.

t'lfully in the Fenny Grounds of Lincolnshire, and
fuch like places. ,, , „ .

VII. TbeTimcs. they are green all the Spring

and. Summer , and bring forth their Burrs or Seeay
Knots in Augitft. .

VIII. T be Qualities. They are cold dry in the
firft Degree, and Alexipharmick, or refillers ot

Poifon. , „ . .

IX. The Specification. Authofs hive laid no
more of the Virtues of thefe Plants, but that they
are good againft the Poifon ol Serpents.

x. The Preparations. There is only A DecoUt-
on of the Root, or of the Burrs in Wine.

The Virtues.

XI The DecoSion. The Root being made into
a DecotHon in Wine (for fo I fuppofe Dtofcondes
is to be underftood, Datur radix ex vino, contra
Serpent ium Venena :) is good againft the Poiftti
of Serpents. But Gerard fays, that the Knobs or
rough Burrs of thefe Plants boiled in Wine, are
good againft the Bitings of Venomous Bealls if
the DecoUion is either drank, or the Wound wafh-
ed therewith.

Reed Vool Common.

CHAP. DXCIV.

Of REED Common.

I "-p H g Karnes. It is called in Arabic/:,
| Cafab: in Greek, : in Lai me ,

Calamus, Harunio , O Amnio: in Englijh ,
Reed.

II. The Kinds. We (hall not here enrmmerate
the vaft numbers or Species of Reeds, which grow
in molt parts of the World; but thofe only which
grow in England , and our Plantations beyond Sea,
m the Weft Indies, and thefe are the three follow-
ing, viz. I. Phragmatis Dodonai Cf Ruellij -,
Arundo Vallaris Lobelij, Harunio vcl Arundo
Vallatoria , Arundo Pa/uliris Malthio/i, Arundo vel
Calamus Vulgaris, Our common Pool Reed. 2.
Harunio vel Arundo multifiin Anglica ; Our
Englifli Finger Reed. ?. Arundo Donax, Cane
Reed , Calamus vel Arundo Cypria Dodonxi ; Cala-
mus lta/icus major-, Arunia ltalica major Came-
rarij-, Arundo major Hifpaniea -, Calamus vel Arun-
do major Carolimana, vel Plondiana , The Carolina,
or Weft-Indian Cane Reed. This without doubt
may be the fame Cane Reed which glows in the
Eaft-lndies, which by reafon of the Clime, grows
both taller and greater ; fo that they ferve inltead
of Wood or Timber to make their little Houfes,
Hovils, or Huts of, and to cover them.

'The Defcriptions.

III. The firfi , or Our common Pool Reed. Its
Root A white, hard, round , long, and with many
knobbed Joints , running a J. loop , but not deep,
and fhooting up Stalks from divers of the Joints.
Thefe Stalks are manifold, great , round, and hol-
low, and full of Joints , not diftant very far one
from another, and run up to a conftierable height,
at to 4, 5, or 6 Feet high, or more, but higher in

feme places than in others, with long and Some-
what broad hard green Leaves St each of the
Joints , Jharp on both edges, and fomembat
cncompaffing the Stalk, at their bottoms-, bear-
ing a long, and broad Spread, Jbft, brqwni/h
Panniclc at top, whofte Chaffy , or Downy Seed
flies away with the Wind. The whole Stalk dies,
ami penfbes even Tear, but is ufual/y cut down
before Winter, when as it is grown white, to ferve
for fcveral Mechanick ufes.

IV. The Jccond, . or Our finglifh Finger Reed.
Its Root, form, magnitude and manner ef grow-
ing , is much like the former ; its difference
from that is only in the Leaves , which are
each of them half a Lard long, and two or
three Inches broad, with feveral great Ribs
or Veins running along them , and parted at
the ends into three or four parts , Something like
unto our Finger Harts-'Tongue.

V. The third, or Carolina or Welt-India Cane-
Reed called alfo Spanilh Cane or Reed. This
in its Root, Stalk , Leaf, and manner of grow-
ing, differs not from the firft deferibed, but
only in its great nefs, the Canes or Stalks be-
ing harder , thicker, and lifting much higher ,
Sometimes to eight, ten or twelve feet high, (ac-
cording to the goodnefs or richnefs of the Soil )
more or lefts-, whofe Joints are .farther diftant
of under than in our Common Pool Reed; the
Leaves are hkewfe much larger, broader ,
and longer, having alfo a very much larger
Pannicle at top. Thefe Reeds or Canes are
of feveral thicknejfes , ftome of them half an
Inch thick or leffer , and fame three quarters
of an Inch thick. Thefe are without doubt the
fame with thofe Reeds or Canes which grow in
the Eaft-lndies ; called Cane-Reed, where they .
grow much greater , thicker, and taller, and
are of fuch a Sulftancc as to ferve them to make

their

Chap. 594. 'Rnglifi ‘Herbs.

937

Cane-Reed.

in Water or Wine. 2. A Cataplafm of Root s
an^ r Leave. s. ~ 1 he A fifes' of the Roots ,
ttAo/V Plant.

their little Houfes or Hutts of which great nefs of
their growth , / am per [waded , comes only from the
heat , $0/7 , and Nature of the Clime where they
grow.

VI. The Places. Alt thefe.Kmfr delight to grow
In moill and Watery places, and Grounds apt to
be overflown with Water, as in Watery Ponds and
Ditches, by foft or flow running Rivers fides,
and almoft every where, through all the Fen
Country. The firft two grow in England , the
Pool Reed almoft every where. The fecond is
more rare , but has been found growing only in
England. The third is the Arundo Domefiica
Mat thiol i , the Arundo Don ax , vel Cypria Dodonai
Lohelij , and the Italic a major Came r an j fo that
It is one and the fame fort which grows in Caroli-
na^ Florida, Virginia , Italy, Spain , Cyprus , Turky ,
in all which Countries it is to be found growing
plentifully , aftho’ in one Country it may grow
much greater, and larger, thicker, ftronger and
higher than it does in another, which jis accord-
ing to the Soil and Clime , as I have before in-
timated.

VII. T he Times. Thele all Head and Seed, and
the Stalks or Reeds come to their perfection of
growth and hardnefs about the end of September
or in Ottober , but are more Seafoned if cut down
in October, or November.

VIII. The Qualities. They are as Galen lays,
hot and dry in the fecond Degree : Abflerfive, At-
tractive, and Cofmetick.

IX. The Specification. They are good againft
Inflamations, to heal Scald or Scabby Heads, take
away Scurff, Morphew, and Dandriff, and to
help againft the falling of the Hair.

X. The Preparations. You may {have there-
from , I. A DecoUwn of Roots and Leaves

The Virtue f.

r<7-^ ’ L'eeoSlion of Roots and green Leaves in
I t me or Water. That made with Wine’s belt)
but for the Poorer fort of People it may be mad§
with Warer : bathed as hot as it can be endured
upon Inflamations, it cools and abates them.
Mixed with Honey and ufed as a Gargarifm , it
heats Sores and Ulcers in the Throat, Mouth and
Gums : applied as a Lotion to old running Sores
and putrid Ulcers in the Secret parts, or other
places, it cleanfes them, in fome meafure flops
the Fluxion, and induces the healing. Ufed as a
Clyjlcr, mixt with a quarter part of Spirit of Wine ,
it is good againft a Diarrbai , or Loofenefs , and
a DyJ enter ia or Bloody Flux , especially if it is
often repeated.

XII. 1 he Cataplafm of Roots and green Leaves.
It is made by beating them in a Mortar, adding
thereto a little ftrong Wine Vinegar. Applyed it
cools and eafes hot and fharp inflamations in any
part. It eales the pain, comforts and ftrengthens
Joints which have been Luxated, eales pains in
the Loins, and cures Anthonies Fire.

XIII. The AJhes of Roots and the whole Plant,
Mixed with ftrong White Wine Vinegar and appli-
ed, it is profitable againft Scald or Scabby Heads
ScurfF, Morphew, Dandriff; Pimples, Breakings
out, and Diicolorings of the Skin : And prevents
the Alopecia , or falling of the Hair.

REED-GRAS,^ Reed Burr, Chap. <6i.
REED-MACE, fee Cats-Tail Chap. 113.
REED-THORN IE, yirEuphorbium, Lib. II. Chap*
RED-RAY, fee Darnel, Chap. 21 1.

RED-ROT, fee Sundew, Chap.

REST-HARROW, fee Camrhock, Chap. 109.

RIB- WORT, fee Plantain Rib-worr, Chap. 566.

CHAP. DXCV,

Of II H E U BARB True and Baftard.

I. 'T'//E Names. Ir is called in Greek , 'Pi
X and almolt by all Nations Rba. and’ Rha-
barbarum , and fo it is called in Latine : and in
Englifh , Rheubarb.

It- She Kinds. There are feveral Sorts of
Rheubarb , as , 1 . Rhabarbarum Varum. The True
Rheubarb, or True Indian or China Rheubarb. 2.
Kbaponticum verum , The true Turkey Rheubarb’
or Rheubarb of Pont us. 1. Rba nothum Khabar-
barum fpunum ; Pjeudo Rba ; Hippolapathm ro-
tundifohum vulgar e , Our Ballard Rheubarb. To
rhefe you may add, 4. Rbaponticim folia Enulse
litwre , Rba capitatum hebeli] , The broad Elecam-
pane Leav’d Turky Rheubarb. ;. Rhapmticum
Anguftifolium , Rba capitatum Anguft i] ’oil um , The
narrow Elecampane Leav’d Rheubarb. 6. There is
6 L> another

93 8

Salmon’ s Herbal.

Lib. I.

another Rbeubarb , called Rbabarbarum Monacho-
rum , Patient ia, and Patientia hortenfis , Ldpathum
fatitim , Garden Patience, or Monks-Rheubarb : of
which we have already Difcourfed at laige in
Chap. 547. aforegoing.

III. Whence the frame might come , <?/• be derived.
The Original Name is Rba, which Name it took
as is fuppofed from rhe River Rba, now faid to be
called Volga in Tontm , where the true Root did
grow. But whence came the Name Rhabar-
barum ? Why, fome will tell us it came from
Barbary , as the Name expreffes, and they argue
thus, becaufe that which comes from other places
is denominated by the place from whence it comes,
as Rhaponlicitm , Rhaturcicum , Rhathracicum , Rba-
fcenicum , w/ Rbafceniticum , which is Rbaindicum ,
for Me fues fays, that Scenicum , or Sceniticum , is
all one with Indicum. But thefe Difcourfes are
far from Truth , becaufe that neither in Ba/-
it felf, nor in the Country of the Troglodites ,
from whence it has been faid to be brought into
Barbary , did ever any Rbeubarb yet grow. And
that the Merchants of our Times Trading into
thofe parts, can hear of no Rbeubarb growing in
thofe Countries now : moreover the Scenita are not
a People of India, but of Arabia Deferta , where
no Spices or Drugs ever grew. Some again will
have it come from Barbarum a City of India , ;
above the River Indus, and that Rba-Indicum , and
Rba Barbarum are all one. But this may be
doubtful, and as far from the Truth as the former
Opinion : The moft probable Judgement can be
made is this, that the Greeks and Romans account-
ed, and called all other Nations but themfelves,
who were not Civiliz’d with their Breeding and
Difcipline, Barbarous , or Barbarians : (alluding
to thofe untrattable People, Inhabiting the Coaft
and Country of Barbary ) and this Root or Drug,
being brought from far , and from an uncultivated
People, fcarcely known to them, they might join
to the Name Rba, the Epithet barbarum, and fo
make up the Word Rbabarbarum , which in procefs
of time became the moft ufual and known Name,
through all the Habitable World.

The Descriptions,

IV. The firj }, or True Rheubarb, or True Indi-
an or China Rheubarb. The Root of this Plant,
which is Tuberous, and in time grovos to be very
great, has fever al great fpreading Branches , of a
dark brownijh or reddijh color on the out fide, with
a pale yellow thin Skin under it, which covers the
inner Subftance of the Root : This Rind and under
Skin , being pared away , the Root appears of a
frejh and lively color, with Flefh colored Veins run-
ning through it. This Root is carefully dried
either in the Sun, or before a gentle Fire, or in the
heat of a Stove, and with this Caution or Obferva-
tion, that every piece be kept from touching one
another, as it is done in India or China, where
they put them upon Strings , that they may not
touch, and fo dry them apart in the Sun-, and this
is that True Indian Rheubarb which is brought to
us by the Merchants , and Sold in our Druggifls
Shops. This Root when not very old, holds its color ,
almojf a* well as when it is frejh, and gives a yel-
low Tintture to the Spittle , when it is chewed in
the Mouth. When the Winter is pafl, this Root
(in the place where it grows) fends forth young
Sprouts, which at their firft appearance out of the
Ground , have green , round , brownijh heads.

nfing up from the middle or fide s of the Root , which
open into f undry Leaves, one ajter another, very
much crumpled or folded together at the firji, and
brownijh -, but afterzoards Jpread themfelves abroad
and become fmooth, very large, waved on the edges,
and almojl round, each LeaJ Jiandingon a browni/h

Rheubarb China and Englifh.

Stalk , of the thicknefs of a Mans Thumb, when
they ate grown to their full bignefs : moft of the
Stalks are two Toot or more in length , (efpecially
if the Plant grows in any good and moft Ground) 1
mean the length of the foot Stalk upon which the
Leaf grows , from the bottom of the Leaf to the
Root from whence it Springs. The Leaf it felf
is atfo about two Feet or more in length -, and the
breadth thereof is two Feet likewife being tneafured
from edge to edge in the broaieft place , being of a
fad or dark green color, and thicker in Subftance
than the Ballard Rheubarb in Seft. VII. following,
it is of a fine tart f owe rijh Tafte, much more p/ea'-
fant, than either our Garden or Wood Sorrel. From
among thefe Leaves rifes up fometimes, (but not
every leer) a ftrong thick Stalk, not growing fo
high as Patience, or Monks Rheubarb, with fab
waved round Leaveet at grow below, but /mailer
at every Joint up to the top ; and among the Flow
ers (which are white) fp reads forth it Jelf into
fever al Branches, contrary to the manner of the
Baftard Rheubarb following, or of any other of
the Docks. The Floaters conjift of five or fix fmfn
white Leaves apiece, hardly to be difeerned from
the white Threads which are in the middle and
feeming to be all Threads : After the Flowers are
paft away there comes in f moll brownijh Husks the
Seed, which is of a brownijh color, and triangular
or tetrahedrical, like unto other Docks, but larger
by which it may appear plainly, that the True In-
dian or China Rheubarb is only a Species of the
Dock. J

V . Query. It may well be demanded of me why
I Jhottld place Rheubarb, among our Englilh Plant}

fince

Chap. 595. 'Englijh Herbs.

939

fince it is fo apparently an Indian Drug 1 To this
1 Anfwer. The reafon why I have plac’d it in the
Clajfis of Engliff) Herbs, is, becaufe it has already
grown in England , where it has been known to
profper and ftourifh; And therefore I placed
it here* to encourage our Country Men to conti-
nue the propagation thereof : and if poflible it
fhould not arrive to the height of its perfe&ions in
our Clime, and therefore may be thought not to be
altogether fo ftrong and effectual, , yet it has been
found by Experience to anfwer all the lame ends,
being ufed only in fomewhat a greater quantity :
befides it may be Planted and propagated in all or
moltofour Plantations in the Wefi-Indies, where, the
Climates being more agreeable to its Native place,
it may in fome (hort time be brought forth in per-
fe&ion, and fo be of a publick Service to our
Nation. Our Parkinfon was the Man in whofe
Garden this Rheubarb once grew, and therefore
what he has fiid of it, we will give you in his
own Words. I have (fays he) a kind of round
Leav'd Dock growing in my Garden, which was
fent me from beyond Sea , by a worthy Gentleman ,
Dr. L'fter, one of the Kings Phyflcians, with the
Title Rhaponticum verum, which fit ft grew with me,
before it was ever fee n or known elf ember e in Eng-
land, which by proof I have found to be fo like to
the True Rheubarb, or Rhaponticum, both for
form and color , that I dare fay it is the very True
Rheubarb, our Climate making it only lefs firong
in Working, ' lefs heavy , and lefs bitter in Taftc.
for this has great and thick Roots , and as diver fly
dif colored with Fie fh colored Veins, as the True In-
dian Rheubarb, which I have to fbew to any who are
defirous to fee and know it : and afo other f mailer
branches of Roots fpreading from the main great
Root, which f mailer Branches may well be compared
to the Rhaponticum which Merchants bring its,
and which appear to be longer and tenderer , than
(the Great Tuberous) Rheubarb, but of the fame
color. This our Englilh Rheubarb being t rim'd, by
taking away its Rind and Skin under it, as you do
the China or Indian, appears with as lively and as
frefh a color, with flefh colored Veins running thro'
it, that the choifefi China Rheubarb cannot excel
it : and if it is dryed carefully as it ought , by the
gentle heat of a fire, or in a warm Oven ( becaufe
we want the heat of the Sun to do it) and each
piece kept one from another, it will hold its color
dlmoft as well when dried, as when it is frefh, and
give a yellow TinUure to the Spittle when chewed,
the ? not fo Very yellow, nor with fo much bitter-
nefs and aftriaion , as the True Indian Root does.
1 have divers Tears taken up thefe Roots, and dryed
them carefully , and they have been fhewed to the Befi
and mo ft Skilful, who have approved of them, and
divers of our Phyficians have oftentimes ufed them,
with many other Perfons , to very good purpofe. Thus
Parkinfon.

Ml. The fecond, or True Turkey Rheubarb , or
Rheubarb of Pontus. The form of the Root is fome -
what great, round, and long withal, for the mo ft part ,
(yet there are fmaller and Jhorter pieces, as well
as greater which come together : ) whofe color on
the out fide is not all alike, no more than the Sub-
fiance within : for Bill fome is better colored, and
founder than others. The bed is firm, and fome-
what heavy, not fpongy and light , and fomewhat
brown, but frefh on the out fide, without many
blackifh fpots ( which are fufpicious places , where,
often times being broken, it found rotten, or cor -
ruptei and naught 1 fay many, becaufe the befi
pieces have fometimes this fault in them,) but they
do not run far inwards , yet if they fhould, the refi
of the piece might be excellent good, and not to be

ref ufed, the bad being to be cut away, as not fit to
be ufed the found parts being rep /eat with Elefh
colored Veins running through it, bittenjh in Tafie,
and a little Aroma tick in its Smell (if it be not
old) and caufing the Spittle to be yellow, being a
little chewed in the Mouth. Now thefe are the
very Properties which belong to the True Chmefe

Rhubarb Vontick • or,
Rhaponticum.

or Indian Rheubarb, as may appear by the former
Defcription fo that we need not feek for a nev?
Plant to take this Pontick Rheubarb from, nor de-
feribe any other Species, than whar we have done
before at Sell. 4. above, for any Perfon of common
Reafon and Ingenuity may eafily fee, that as the
former (before deferibed in Sell. 4.) is the True
Indian or China fort foalfo they may as eafily per-
ceive that this Pontick Rheubarb (the true fort, not
the falfe Kind, which is Counterfeited with the
Great Centory Roots ) is bur only the greater Rami-
fications of the true China or Indian , cut off from
the fame, and fo Dryed and Sold alone, as another
Species of Rheubarb. Thefe Reafons thus offered
ought to excite our People, to make the
Trial, by Planting ir in other hotter Climates
as in our Plantations in the Weft-Indies , where
1 doubt not, but h. would turn to a very good
Account.

VII. The third, or Our Ballard Rheubarb. Its.
Root grows greater than that of Patience Rheubarb,
with many Branches , or great Strings adjoining -
yellow on the out fide, and fomewhat of a pale y el*
low within , with fome difcolored Veins therein like
tothofe of the True Indian Rheubarb, firft deferi-
bed but much lefs than it, efpccial/y when it is dry,
which then ha* quite loft ns frefh color , which the
faid True Indian conftantly holds in its perfection „
from this Root fpring up divers large, round, thin *
yellowifh green Leaves, a little waved about the
edges, each one Banding on a rcafonable thick and
long brownijh foot Stalk , from among which rifes
up a pretty big Stalk about two beet high, with fome
fitch Leaves thereon as grow below, but fmaller-
at the top whereof ft and in a long Spike, many Jmall
brownijh blowers, which turn into hard triangular

94°

Salmon* Herbal

Lib. L

Rheubarb Baflnrd.

or tetrahedrical Seed , of a fhining brown color , file
unto that of the Garden Dock, Patience, or Monks
Rheubarb.

VIII. The fourth , or Broad Elecampane Leav’d
Turkey Rheubarb. Its Root is fomething long and
thick , blackijh on the out fide, and of a dcadifh color
on the infiidc , more loofe and fpongy than either any
Dock or Great Centory, which Centory Root has
in former times been ufed by the Apothecaries for
Rhaponticum. From this Root rifes up feveral
heaves , fomething large and long (yet nothing fo
large as the Leaves of Elecampane) greenifh on the
upper fide, and grayifh or white and woody under-
neath, like therein to the Leaves of Elecampane,
every one funding upon its own Stalk , broadeft at
the bottom , and pointed at the end , and denied , or
rather waved about the edges. From among which
rifes up a reafonable large round Stalk about half I
a lard or two Feet high , bearing at the top thereof
one great Scaly Head , con ff mg of very broad and
loofe or open brown Scales at the fir ft fhew re-
prefenting a fmall Harrichoke Head , but that the
Scales do not ftand clofe together , but are much
more open and loofe , cf pecidlly after the Flower is
paft, which funds in the middle , compofcd of many
bleioifh red , or purple Threads or Thrums , very
beautiful to behold. After which comes black ft
Seed , long and round , very like unto the Seed of a
Jacea, or that of the Great Centory, but a little
longer , and not altogether fo thick.

IX. The fifth, or Narrow Elecampane Leav’d Rheu-
barb. The Root of this is almoft exafl/y like to the
la (l defer i bed, there being but fmall difference be-
tween this Plant and that , but only in the Leaves,
which are a little narrower and longer than thej'e ,

ncatb as Ibey are, ami a little unevenly waved on
the edges. I he Head and Flowers are alike alto
but only a little larger ; fo that it is very tigh
that the chef if cauje of the difference betwen them
anjes from the Soil, or places of their growth.
Thde two Lift Plants cannot properly be accounted
Rhcubarbs , becaufe their form admits them not
bar are rather to bereterr'd to the Jacea's Knem
weedt , or Centaunum majut , the Great Cento
2 1 for likenefs both to their Flowers and
heed, the Scales of their Heads being Tome
what different1 Yet by reafon of the§ Name^
which they have obtained, and of the Cultom or
ure, which for the Names fake has placed
them with the Rhcubarbs ; we thought good to
comply alfo that we might not be lingular from
all other Authors.

mX' TbTFe,u and fecond> which are

Natives of India, as China, Indoflan, as alfo of
Pont, is, have grown and Hourifht in Our Engltfh
Gardens, and without doubt are poflible to he mo
moted in all our Wejl-India Plantations. The third
grows with us in our Gardens alfo as likewif-
the fourth and fifth, which are Natives of Turkv-
it is probable that the two lull, which the Talks
c;ill Rhaponticum , is uied by them for the True
Kind alrho* in truth they are not in the Ieaitakin
to Is beubmbs for which realon tome Authors have
called them by the Name Ccnta.irium llelenij folio
and by that HimtParkinfon lays be received the
Seeds from beyond Sea.

XI. The Tunes They all Flower about the
beginning or middle of June , and the Seed is
ripe in July. The Roots are ro be dryed and rhm

may be kept all the Year , but they are not to
ttken up before the Stalk and Leaves are quite
withered and gone; and that is not until! about the
middle or end of 01/oirr ; fbr if they he taken
a little before the Leaves do lpiing, or when their
aie Iprung up, the Roots will not have half fo
good a color, but look as if they were dead or de-
cay d things. c

• Ihe F'd'"es- They are hot and drv

m the lecond Degree, Aperitive, Ablterfive
Aftnngent Digeftive, Traumatick, StomatRk’
Hepatick , Splenetick , Hylterick , and Cathar-

„ Specification. Indian Ponlick and

Billiard kheubarb, are peculiar againft the Colick
Griprngs of the Guts, and all forts of Fluxes ofi
the Bowels, more efpecially the Bloody andHeoa
tick Hux : they purge Cholcr and Flegm, and Le
profitable againft the Kmgs-evil, Jaundice, Scurvv
Gout Dtopfies and Agues. They cure Spitting
and Pilling of Blood, the Running of the Reins in
hlen, and the Whites, and overflowing of the
Terms in Women; and are of lingular ufe in the
cure of old running Sores, hollow and putrid

ffvLiU 3SalmbSVando°ther brejki"gs out

in the Flelh and Skm, from Salt and Acrimonious
Humors : they open all obltrubtions of the Liver

ihe S&and PJinSJ,,d Swings of

XIV. The Preparations. You may make there-
from I. A Liquid June of the Green Levs
and Roots, i. A Draff on oj the Green Leave,
or Roots q. A Ponder oj the Seed. g. An Infi.

of Rhiuliaib. 6. An txtratl. 7. A Ponder b
A Syrup Compound. 9. A Diet Drink. 10. A
Garganfm with l inegar and Honey, t ; 1 !')>/) ;/

ledWalcr from the Green Leaves and' Root "jV
Pills oj Rheubarb, 1 3 . An Oil by Ufohtion or De-
oltion.

The

the Virtues.

XV. The Liquid Juice of the green Leaves and
Roots. It opens the obltru£tions of the Liver,
Spleen, and Reins ; carrvs off the (harp, fait , and
acrimonious Humors which caufe Scabs, Puflies,
Itch, running Sores, ScurfF, Mnrphe c, Pimples,
and other like deicedations of the Fielh'aid
Skin; being inwardly taken from one Spoon-
ful to two, three, orjfour , every Morning
and Night, and outwardly applied to the parts
affefled , during all the Spring and Fall of the
Leaf

XVI. The DecoUion of the Green Leaves or
Roots made in White Wine , or in Whey. It has
all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice , but muff be
given in double or trebblequandty, you mrycorrei.i
it by adding towards the end of the DccoJ.on
little Indian Spicknard. , or fome choice Ginger vei
thinly fliced. If it is done for External tiles, tilt
DecoUion or Infufton may be made in White Wine
Vinegar, and fweetned with Honey. And fo it be
co.nes an effeEhtal Remedy to cleanfe and heal ol.
running Sores, and other Ireakugs out in tlr
Skin. Dropt into the Ears it takes awiv the'-
Pains. Gargled in the Mouth , it is Laid t
eafe the Tooth-ach , and being drank it cures th
Jaundice.

XVII. The Vender of the Seed. Given to a
Dram in rough Red Wine, Morning and Night, i
lbps all forts ol Fluxes of the Bowels, chiefly th
Bloody Flux: it eafts alfo the Gnawings an

’ Gripings of the Stomach, ffrengthens it, and takes
away the loathing of Meat.

XVIII. 7 he DecoUion or Infufton of the Ttryed
Roots, in Whey , or White Port Wine. Take Rheu-
barb which thinly Jlice a Ounces : Clarified Whey,
or rather White Lisbon Wine 3 Pints: Infufe in']
fimmering heat , or a Sand heat for 8 Hours dofe
covered : then decant the Infufton and dulcfy u
with Honey for 8 Dofes. If it is made in Clarified ’
Whey, it ought to be boiled half an Hour, then
framed out and fweetned with Honey as aforefaia
It 3 little Cream of Tartar be added in the bifufi
on or Boiling , it will make the Medicament Work
the better. It is an Excellent th’ng to purge Cho-
ler and Flegm, and cleanfe the Stomach and Bow-
els; and is profitable againft Afthmu’s, Coughs
Colds, VVheezings , obitruflions of the Lungs’
Liver, Spleen, and Reins: and is profitable againft
the Dropfie, Jaundice, Gout, Scurvy, Kings-Evil
and other Diftempers of thofe Parts; it cleanfes
the Stomach, Bowels and Reins, is good aga inti
Agues, provokes Urine, and clears the Eye Sight.
There is a Compound Infufton , which is thus made
Take Rheubarb very thin fliced 2 Ounces ■ which
Infufe in Rofe Water -, Extraffs of Sena andCartha-
-mus Seeds of each half an Ounce ; Syrup of Rofes
Solutive 8 Ounces-, Cinatnon Water 2 Ounces- mix
them for 7 or 8 Dofes. it has all the Virtues of
the Simple Infufton, but Works fomething brisker.

XIX. The Imitate of Rheubarb. Take the beff
Rheubarb thin fliced. Liquorice well brie fed, of each
2 Ounces ; Raifons fioncdN" Ac; Annifeeis bruifei

1 Ounce ; Sugar Candy 6 Ounces ; Spirit of Wine

2 Pounds ; mix, digefi according to Art, and /train
out for Vfe. Dofe 2 , 2 , or 4 Spoonfuls in a
Morning againft the Cholick, and Griping of the
Guts, which it wonderfully Cures. If it be di-
gefted 8 or to Days in a gentle Sand heat, fluking
the Glafs 2 or 3 times a Day, and then letting it

'■***■’ — -- , ~ 5 1 iiv-l 1 1CIUI

fettle, the clear is to be decanted, and >.ept

in a 1

Bottle dole flop for file. It Purges gently, and
col lefts and expels Acrid and Tarrarous Humors
a- hiring to the Tunicles of the Vtjcera , which
c-mes violent Pams and Gripings ; for which it is
indeed a Specifick ; and one of the Choifelt chines
tn Nature., gamft all the Weakness and Ddtempels
of the Bowels, efpecially it accompanied wuh
painful dt-|eft:ons. It is of Angular ufe 10 Purge
belt as are troubled with any Ample Gononhxa
Weeping O, Gleet, as alb the Whiles in Women’
UiuyciUls being premifed For tho’ it Purges
yet it is but gently, and lb (Lengthens admirably
and flops all forts of Fluxes as Diarrhea’s Dyfen-
W LientenJs^ to a wonder.

-pnlfura Rlabarbari Abfinthiata, Worm-
wood Tincture of Rheubarb. Lake Rheubarb very
thin fliced, or grafiy bruifei 4 Ounces, Wormwood
! at er Compound a fuart . mix in a Bn t Head duett
n a gentle Sand heat for , 4 Days, /baking', he Bottle
"ice a Day then being Jett fed aniline , decant the
-ear I injure and keep it for ufe. You may alfo
01 want of the Wormwood Water , make it with
h bet innamon Water , or any other Cordial Water
■ ' , may anb cr the Intention of the Medicine!
bias both a Purging and an Aftringent Property,

Z ZZ 8emly (?°Ier’ FleS™, and clammy
.irtarous Humors, which caufe the Cholick and

bwek5 Tt cZ GZ\ ftom the Stomjcli and
oweh Befides which it has a Cordial and
strengthening V irtue and is efpecially good for

MinftFa-Ch’- Hearf- L,ver and Spleen, and is good
gamlt Fainting and Swooning Fits, andSickndsat
■eart. It opens obftruftions of Liver and Spleen
uies the Jaundice, and all forts ol Fluxes of the
lowels, as alfo the Hepatick Flux, fiom its
".ftmigent Property. And indeed I know it to be ■
Specifick in the molt Vehement Fluxes of the
wo els and will do that fin thofe cafes) which
: Thoufand other Medicines will not do. I have
-ured Chohcks and Vehement Gripings of the
dowels with it of feveral Months tending, and
hat after all other Medicines I had ufed, had
tailed. You may ufe it thus. Take of this
l injure an Ounce- White Lisbon Wine in which
1 few Leaves of Seana have been Infufed 4
Ounces-, Syrup of Damask Rifes half an Ounce -
■ “ 1 ftThe B°dF being Ihfficiently cleanfed’
it you would (top a Flux therewith, and ftrengthen
the parts, g,ve it thus. Take of this TinUure,
of TmBure of Catechu , Syrup of Red Pop-

rZi °h t,Z ?unce ; Cinnamon Water,
Black Cherry Water, of each an Ounce and half,
mix for a Dofe. nnd let the Sick take theTinffure
in Diops all the Day long, in any thing they Drink
about 40 or 50 Drops at a time. In a little time it’
win 1° a ter and corroborate the Bowels, and the
whole habu of the Body, that the Patient will think
himfelf to bealmolta new Man.

. hxtrailum Rhubarb arv Extract of Rhen

barb. Take Rheubarb thin fiiced, or rather in
grnfs Ponder 8 Ounces -, Cinnamon, in grofs
Pouder , Ounce ; RheniJh Wine 2 Starts, Sptnt
of II me a Pint -, June of Lintons a quarter of a
Pint-, mxdtgef) 30 days in, a gentle Sand beat ,
/baking the Bottle 2 or 2 times a day, le, it fen',
and decant the clear, which Abfiral/ i„ Balneo to the
confifiency of an Ex, raj (referving the Spin, drawn
off for other ufe,,) to every Ounce of the ExtraS
add C'ymical Oil of Orange Peels, aS.ruple-, and
keep „ c/of e covered for ufe. Dofe from a Scru-
p.erohalfa Dram, or a Dram, in the Morning
tailing. Ic expels Choler, Flegm, andM lancho-
iy trom Sromuch and Rowels , opens oof r &ions
ot Liver, Spleen, and Reins, is good againft the
Rickets in Children, Scabs, running Soris, Jaun-
dice,

9 42

Salmons “Herbal. Lib. ],

dice, Green-iicknefs, and all kinds of Fluxes of
the Bowels, having all the Virtues of the Tin-
Sure aforegoing. , . , , ,

XXII. The Fouler, h is male of the dry el
Root beaten and fearjed , addin/; to every Ounce
thereof , a quarter of an Ounce of Anmfeeds in
fine Fouler. Dofe from half a Dram to a Dram,
or more, according to Age and Strength, in any con-
venient Vehicle, as in a Glafs of White Wine.
It is an excellent thing againft the Kings-Evil,
Belly-ach, and to Purge Choler and Flegm, cleanfe
the Stomach and Bovt els, and to open obliru8:ions
cf the Inwards. It is profitable againft Scurvy,
Gout, Dropfy, Agues, and Jaundice, and pricking
pains of the P leura or Sides.

XXIII. The Compound Ponder. Take fine Fou-
ler of Rbeubarb 2 Ounces ; White Rofin in fine
Ponder an Ounce and half ; Cremor Tartar i in fine
Ponder half an Ounce , mix them. It diffolves
clotted Blood in the Stomach, Bowels, Reins or
Bladder, or in any other parts caufed by any Fall
or Brutfe, potently Hops Fluxes of the Bowels,
cleanfes the Reins and fttengthens them, and is
very effectual to liop a Gonorhtea , or running of
the Reins, as alio the Whites in Women. Dofe
from a Dram to 2 Drams in the Morning fafting
in any fit Vehicle.

XXIV. Syrupus de Rhabarbaro compofttus.
Syrup oh Rheubarb Compound. Take Rbeubarb
v “>y thin fliced ', Sena, of each 3 Ounces Violet
F lowers 2 Handfuls -, Cinnamon half an Ounce -,
Ginger 2 Trams ■, Waters of Betony, Bug'ofs, Cicho-
jy (or rather Angelica) of each 3 Pints -, mix and
dig eft in B-ilneo or a Sand heat all Aight , the next
Morning ft rain out , and with double refined Sugar
4 Pounds , make a Syrup by boiling adding when
all is done Syrup of Rnfes Solutive , 8 or 1 2 Ounces ,
mixing them well together. It gently cleanles
the Stomach and Bowels of Choler, Flegm, and
Melancholy, allays the heat oflnflamations, Bops
hot Rheums, and (harp Fluxes of the Bowels, by
leaving a binding quality behind it. Dofe 2 or
3 Ounces in Clarified Whey, or a weak Infufion
of Sena in White Wine.

XXV. The Diet Drink. Take of Choife Rheu-

barb very thin fliced , 8 Ounces -, Alexandrian Se-
an 4 Ounces Tel low of Orange Peels, Horfe Ra ■

difh Roots f craped thin, of each 6 Ounces-, Corian-
der Seeds, Muftard Seed bruifed , of each 3 Oun-
ces •, Juices of Scurvy Grafts, Garden Crejfes and
Angelica, of each a Pint J\ ew Ale 3 Gallons -,
put the Juices into the Ale , and after them, the
other Ingredients, in a Act-bag with a ft one in it -,
after 3 days the Patient may drink of it. It
carries off lharp Humors which caufe the
Colick, Gout, Jaundice, Scurvy and Rheuma-
tick pains , provokes Urine , and evacuates
Hydropick Humors. Dofe a Pint Morning and
Evening.

XXVI. The Gar gar if nu Take Tecottion or
Infufion of Rheubarb made with White Port Wine
a Quart White Wine Vinegar , Spirit of Wine of
each half a Pint-, Rheubarb very thin fliced 4
Ounces-, Madder Roots in grofs Pouder 3 Ounces -,
Roch Alum 1 Ounce mix and digeft in a gentle
Sand heat for 24 Hours-, then add Honey 6 Oun-
ces -, digeft again 24 Hours prefs out the Juice
and keep it for Ufe. It cures alL forts of Sores,
Cankers, and putrid Ulcers in the Throat, Almonds,
Mouth, Tongue and Gums, they being wafht or
gargled therewith 2 or 3 times a day. It clean-
les alfo and heals Ulcers in the Secrets or orher
parts, being rightlv applied.

XXV II. The f filled Water from the Green
Leaves and Root. It is ufed to allay or cool

rnfiamations , and to heal or dry up Scabs,
and foul Ulcerous Sores in any part of the
Body.

XXVIIT. Pills of Rheubarb. Take fine Pouder
of Rheubarb 8 Ounces Scammony in fine Pouder
3 Ounces - Cremor Tartar i in fine Pouder 2 Oun-
ces -, Cbio Turpentime , enough to make all up
intoPil/s. Dofe from half a Tram to a Tram
or Tram and half. They cleanfe the Reins
and Bowels, carry off lharp Humors, cure the
Scurvy, Gout, Dropfy, Jaundice, Strangury,
Rheumatifm and Kings-Evil, and are prevalent
againft a Recent Gonorrhoea in Men, and Whites
in Women.

XXIX. The Inflated or Decoded Oil of Rheu-
barb. It heals Ulcers which happen in the
Eyes and Eye-lids ^ difeuffes Intimations and
Strumous fwellings in the Neck, Throat
and other Parts ^ and takes away black and
dew Marks , or other difcolorings of the
Skin.

XXX. J\dta. The Baftard Rheubarb has the
fame Virtues with the China Rheubarb, but
not full out fo ftiong and efteUual, and is
a fed in all thefe feverai ways or forms.
The Englifh Rheubarb ( which is the China
growing in England ) has likewife all the
lame Virtues , but muft be ufed in double
Dofe^ in the mean fcafon it is the China a
or Indian which we chiefly ufe. The two
laft are no Rheubarbs , but of the nature and
qualities of the Great Centory, to which we
refer you.

CHAP. DXCVI.

Of RICE.

'*

I. np H E Karnes. It is called in Arabick *
1 Arz and Arzi : in Greek, *Oft '£*: in La-
tine, Oryza: and in Englifh, Rice.

II. The Kinds. Galen accounts Rice, inter legu-
mina potius quam inter Ccrea/ia , as he did Oats and
Panick, but I can fee no Reafonfor it, nor any force
in his Argument for the fame, 4or that their forms,
manner of growing, and Qualities are every way
fo different. It is a fingular Plant of its own
Kind, but maybe denomiiteted, or receive, an
Epirhite from the Country in which it is pro-
duced.

The Descriptions,

III. Its Root is Bufhy, compofed of many Strings
and Fibres, which peri the s every Tear, as the Roots
of other Grains do. It rifes up with a ftronger
Stalk than Wheat, about a Turd high, with feverai
Joints, and a large thick Leaf at each of them ,
like unto the Reed. At the top it bears a fparfed
Juba, Tuft or Head, fpread out into very many
Branches, which has blooms of a purplifh color ,
with ike Seed or Grain growing ftngly on them , en-
clofed in a hard ft raked and ycllowijh brown Husk ,
with an Awne at the end of every one of them,
which Grain being Hull'd, is very white , blunt
at both ends , and nearly a* large as thefe of
Wheat.

IV. Gerard

IV. Gerard defcribes it thus, frori||ts growing

In his Garden. The Rice uibicb (fay site) did grow
in my Garden, had Leaves fojt - / Grajjy like

Barly. The flower did not Jhew felf with me
by reason of the Injury and XJnfeaf ntblenefs of the
Tear. Theophraftus Jays , it his a flower of a
purple color. But fays my Author, Rice 'has
Leaves like unto thofe of Quitch-Glafs, }/• Barly.
And a fmall Straw or Stem full of Joints like
to other Corn : at the top thereof grows a Bujh
or Tuft , garnifhed with round Knobs like fmall
long round Goofe-Berries , in which the Seed or
Crain is contained , every one of which has at its
end one fmall , long , rough Awne or Beard adjoin-
ed to it , like that of Barly.

V. The Places. Strabo reports that Rice grew
in Water in the Territories of BaSria , and near
Babylon ; in Sufium , and in the lower parts of Syria,
where it grew to be near fix Foot fiigh, and bore
plenty of Seed or Grain. It grows now net only
in thofe Countries, but alfo in the Fortunate Wands
or Azores, and in Italy and Spain, from whence
great quantities have been brougfo to , hull’d
and prepared, as we now Buy it ; it proi'pers belt in
Fenny, Wet, Moift and Watery places , which are
often overflowed with Water: But it is thought
that the Original thereof came firft to thefe parts
of the World, out of the Eajl-Indies , where it is
their chiefeft, if not only korn they Live upon ;
but it has not been found there oniy, but through
all A Ethiopia and Africa , fro n w hence it was
brought into Syria , JLgypt , Italy , Spain , £sV.
whereever it has been yet Sown. It Loves only to
grow in moift Grounds as aforefaid, and fuch as may
be overflowed with Water in the Summer time,
aed let out again. It is now Sown in Carolina,
and become one of the great produCls of the
Country : I have leen it grow, and flourifh there,
with a vail incteafe, it being abfolutely the beft

0

Herbi

943

• Rice which grows upon the whole Earth as
being the weigh.tieft , largtft. deancft and

World’ WUCh?aS becn yec fcen in the Habitable

F V VK Times. It is Sown in the Spring in the
Lajt- Indies , as Eratojianes fays, and that in a
Inowery and wet time. It is a Summer Corn , and
is learly Sown, and is Reaped or Mowed down,
in the middle or end of Autumn with us. In ie*
veral places in the Eaff-lndies it is Sown twice a
rear; asd probibly it may admit of the fame in
Carolina or th z.Well-lndics, in which laft place its
goodness manJftftby its weight, largenefs, and
wUHenefs/ns i faid before, where it is Hull’d, as
trench- Barly and Oat- Meal are Hull’d, CSV.

UI. A ota. in Germany , there is a fmaller
Kind grows , which they call Oryza Germanics,
and which Cordus on Diofeorides fays, is called
Mmiaden-, being indeed a kind of Rice, butleflfer,
avmg the fame Tafte and life, and the fame form
ot growing and proportion, in its Stalks, Leaves,

a vtr ’’ or ,Tuft> grov™g Marfliy, or Plafliy
and Watery places, as the former larger Kind does,
inis tlermolaus, Ruellius , and ibme others would
u'C . t? “0 the Uordeum Galaticttm ColumelU
which is a miftake, for that is neither more nor
leis than our Common Barly.

fill. The Qualities. It is temperate in refpeft
to heat or cold, and dry in the firft Degree : Aftrin-
gent, Kepercuflive, and Spermatogenetick.

IX. The Specification, it flops' "{axes of the
Bowels, and reftores in Confumptions.

X. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, I. A Broth. 2. A Milk. 3. A Pudding.
4. Sanguis, or the Blood thereof. 5, a Cata-
plafnt.

The Virtues.

XI. The Broth. It is made either with futile
I voter, or with Mutton Broth. It nouriihes much
reltores a weakned and decayed Body but binds
n°vthe ?ody as that made wi'h Milk.

| XII. The Milk. It is an excellent thing for
(topping all forts of Fluxes of the Belly , and
reltoring fuch as are labouring under a Confumnti-
on, efpecially where there is an Ulcer of the
Jff beft way of making it is to boil it foft
juft in Milk , till it is in a manna per filly diffohei
ana becomes a thick Pap-, and then to mix it and
viake it thinner wit h Milk warm from the Cow and
10 to Drink or Eat, a Quart or Pint of it Morning
and Evening. °

XIII. The Pudding. It is made with Rice
foakei all Mgbt m Milk, and then boiled till dif-
folved, aftmxohich, with Eggs, Sugar , Raifons and
Autmeg gritted, t is made into a Pudding, either
by&king or billing. This as alfo the Broth and

noiyaft) Much , ftrengthen fuch as are
reltore are Confumptive, encreafe

oeed, and maktJyfn^Jeeble Vigorous.

XIV. The Blood of Rice, it has all the Virtues
of the Brolif, Milk, and Pudding -, and is made
as you make the Blood of Satynon , Potatoes
Parjneps, Comfrey , Efc. Dofe 2 Spoonfuls , ol
more, Morning, Noon, and Night, in a Glafs of
Generous Wine.

XV. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Meal or
Flower of Rice boiled with Milk to the Confiftency
of a Pultice : or it may be made of the whole Rice
boiled to foftnefs in the Milk , and then to a con-
fijtency , adding to it a little Barly Flower. It is
ufed to be applyed to Tumors to repel Humors

flowing

9 44

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. 1

flowing to them-, alfo to Womens Breafts, to be-
percufs the Milk, and allay the Intlamation ; and
this it will bell do, if it is made of Water only.

RIVER-WORT, _/«? Pondweed, Cbjp. S74-

G H A P. DXCVII.

Of R I E.

I. 'T' H E Karnes. It knows no Greek Name.

But it is called in Lcline , Secale and
Farrago, Phnij Lib. 18. Chap. 1 6. But Modem
Authors underlland by farrago, only Early. Some
have taken it to be T ypha cerealis Tkeophrajti :
Cordite on Dio/corides to be Ohra : and Tragus with
Tome other took it to be Siligo. But Siligo, is tru-
ly Wheat. In Eng/ijh , we call it only by the Name
of Rie.

II. The Kinds. There are three feveral Torts
thereof, viz. r. Secale vulgatius , Secale Hyemale ,
Our Common or Winter Rie. 2. Secale cejhvum,
Dodorri ; Secale minus, vel Vernum Bauhini ;
Secale Alt e rum hug lunenjis ; Siligo rfliva Tragi ,
Small or Summer K:e a. Secale Lot if Hum Bau-
hini , Creator broad Leav’d Rie.

The Defcription.r.

III. The jirft , or Our common Rie. Its
Root confijls of a Bufh of Strings and Fibres, yet

Secale Rie.

not Jo thick hufhing as Wheat, nor fucking out , or
confuming the fertility of the Soil , Jo foor. as
Wheat does. It firfl fprings up fome what reddifh ,
which afterwards grows green , and brings forth
feveral jointed Stalks , fomething higher than
Wheat, but bearing at their tops fmaller Ears than
thofe of Wheat , fet in Jhort Rowes , with fhorter
and /harper , rougher and more prickly Awns .
The Grain within is alfo fmaller , lankcr , or
fender cr, and blacker than W heat, not wrapped in
Husks like it , but eafily falling out of it felf ,
when the Ear is ripe. Wbilft it flowers , the Ear
ftands upright , but when it is nearly ripe , it hangs
downwards.

IV. The fecond , or Small Summer Rie. The
Root of this is very like the former as alfo in its
Stalks , Leaves , Ears, flowers, Grain and manner
of growing • faving that this grows lower , and
with f ewer Stalks , and has a fl;orter and leffer
Ear , but armed with Awns as the other , but leffer ,
as is the Grain, or Corn alfo. 'This is Sown in the
Spring only , and therefore called Summer Rie,
whereas the former is Sown in Autumn , as
Wheat is.

V. The third , or Great or Broad Leav’d Rie.
The Root of this bufhes cut with Strings and fi-
bres, hke that of Wheat. This Rie has whiter
Stalks than the two former , rtnmfi alfo and j\ raked.
The leaves grow at the Joifits,<ana are much lar-
ger than tlx Common fort, being about a foot
and half long, and an Iuch broad, much broader
than the other , as you may ftp by the figure: they
are feme what /harp or rough 'about the edges , like
thofe of the Common Rie. The Ear at top , is
large and great, fet with /harp, long Awns , a
full Hand breadth in length ■, the Grain within is
like to the firfi Kind, blackifh brown in color , but
greater than it , and aim of like to Wheat.

VI. The Places. The fhft grows plentifully
enough with us in England , and very plentifully in
molt places of Germany and Poland , as appears by
the great quantities of "it brought into England, in
times of Scarcity from Da/ttzick , when we have a
general want of Wheat and other Grain, as in
very wet Years. It is fown alfo in all the Northern
Regions, more elpecially in Vanemark, and thofe
more Northerly Countries, than elfe where, their
Climates not lo well ferving to produce Wheat.
The fecond grows alfo with us in England. The
third is brought out of the Eaf Country , and in
times of Scarcity is many times Tranfported irom
Dantsick hither. Baithinus had the Ear with
fome of the Leaves, out of Signior Contarino
his Garden.

VII. The Times. The hrft is ufually fown in
Autumn , in October, and November, when Wheat
is fown : the fecond in the Spring in April , which
is not fo enduring, but more apt to corrupt than
the former, becaufe the Winter comes upon it be-
fore it can attain its full perfedlion or ripenels.
The hrft and third are generally ripe in Augufl.
The fecond comes not to its full growth till Sep-
tember.

VIII. The Qualities. It is hotter than Wheat,
being hot in the firft Degree, and temperate in re-
fpe& to drynefs and moifture. It is DilcuiTive, or
abfuming and wafting away of Tumors or Humors,
to which it is applyed. It is alfo EmphraGive,or of
a more obftrutfive or clammy Nature than 117-^
and harder to Digeft in the Stomach 5 but to
Ruftick Bodies, which haVe a brisk Appetite, and
a ftrong and good Digeftion, it affords good Nutri-
ment, being next in goodbefs unto Wheat, efpeci-
ally if the Corn be lweet and good, and the Bread
well made,

IX. The

Chap. 598. EngUJb Herbs.

IX. I 'he Speahcai'wn. Ir maturates Apoftems,
eaTes the Head-ach, and heals Chaps of the Hands
and Feet.

X. The Preparation!. You may make there-
from l. A Meal or blower. 2. Bread. 2 . Bran.
4. l.eaven. 5. A Catapalfm. 6. A Ponder. 7,
Emplaftrum e Crufta panic. 8. A Diftil/ed Water
from Green Rie. e. ,-i TiftiUcd II liter from the
' Bread . to. An A cut Spirit made from the Bread.

rr. The Afhcs of the Straw.

The Virtues.

XI. The Meal or blower. It heats moderately,
and is more forcible than Wheat , in walling and
confirming Tumors, and clammy Humors; yet
made in Broth , or P uddmgs, and Cakes, it gives
good Nourifhment. Made with Vinega’r into a
L ‘atap/afm, it ftrengthens the Nerves and Joints,
over-ftrained, or lately put out of place: it dil'
cuffes Tumors, and eales Pains, and prevails again!!
an Oedema , an Eryfipelas , and the Gout. And
bound unto the Head in a Linnen Cloth, it eafes a
CcphaUa , or long continued Head-ach, and the
Megrim.

XII. The Bread. It is generally made with
Leaven. It nourilhes much, and is Scomatick, yet
apt to Gripe fome People. Applied hot as it can
be endured out of the Oven, to the moll Vehe-
ment Head-ach, and left on till it is cold, it pre-
fently eafes the pain, as if it was by Inchantment;
and if repeated fome few times it perfeflly cures
it. And l'o applied to the Stomach it helps the
weaknefs thereof, and the Palpitation of the
Heart.

XIII. Tim Bran. It cleanfes, mollifies, and dif-
cuffes Tumors, being laid hot thereon in form of a
Cat aplafm , made with Vinegar , a little Salt , and
Brandy.

XIV. The Leaven. It is made rf the Pafle of
Rie blower mix! with Salt, or laid in the midft of a
Box of Salt. It does more forcibly digefb, draw
ripen, and break Apollems, Boils and Bubo’s than
Wheat Leaven. Applied to the Head, it eafes the
continual pains thereof, cools, humeSs, foftens
is fuppurating and abfterftve, yet is faid to Ranch
Bleeding, and to difeufs fitch Tumors as will not
fuppurate.

XV. The Cat aplafm. It is made of the Crums of

the Bread with Wine , or Wine Vinegar. It dif-
cufles Tumors, eafes Pains, and is profitable
againll an Oedema , and the Gout, being fitly ap-
plied. *

XVI. The Ponder. It is made of the Cruft of
the Bread almoft half burnt , and then reduced to a
Ponder by beating in a Mortar. The Pouder it fdf
is ufed as a Dcntrijice to cleanfe the Teeth, they
being often rubbed with rhe fame dry, laid upon a
Cloth. The TecoSion of it in Water , made as
Coffee is, is very Stomachical, and caufes a good
Appetite to Food.

XVII. Emplaflrum e Cruft a Fanis. Take Rie Bread
toafted very brown and hard , 4 Ounces, which boil
in Rofe Vinegar to the lhicknefs of a Pultife: clear
Turpentine of Chio , 2 Ounces : Pouder of Red
Rofes one Ounce : Mint , Maftich , Myrrh , Nut-
meg, Storax Calamita , New yellow Wax, Tabda-
num. Oil of Maffick , Pouder of Cloves , of each
half an Ounce : mix and make an Emplafler acord-
ing to Art. It is hot, dry and llrengthening
good againll Aches and Pains from a cold caufe-’
and all cold Difeafes of the Head, Brain, Nerves’
Stomach, Womb and Joints ; Applied to the Sto-

945

mach, it caufes Concoflion , and flops Vomit-
ing.

XVIII. The Ti /till’d Water from Green R,r
p/’ '*"A' .?!>' w in Balneo, of the Green

P/anr , oh, left the Ear is Green. It is Abiterfive
and Aperitive, and of good ufe to dear the
tve-fight, and to remove Heats and Inhumations
of me Eves, efpecially where a hot fitarp Rheum
follows them.

X ! X . The Ti failed 1 1 liter from the Bread. It is
drawn m Balneo from the Bread Crums whilfl
New Itts a good Ophthalmic/;, being often dropt
into the Eyes, but ts more powerful it it is mixed
with an equal quantity of Common Spirit of Wine
It is commended againll a Diarrhea os Loofenefs'
ana a Dy/entery or Bloody -Flux..

J’,e. Ac'^ spirit drawn from the Bread. It
dmolves Minerals, extracts their Tinblures and does
many other great things: and therewith an excel-
ent Eye Water is made, only by letting it Hand for
fome few Days in a Copper VefTel, clofe covered
rius dropt into the Eyes is good againll Pearls,
hints. Clouds and other things which obfufeate
the Srght: it clears the Eyes and very much
ftrengthens them. ’

XXL The Afhcs of the Straw and empty Ears
A Lixivium being made of them with fiiir Water
either by Infufing or Boiling, heals Chaps of the
Hands and Feet, as Maltbtolus fays : and by often
ufing it, it clears the Skin, and makes it fmooth
and lofc. W

CHAP. DXCVIII.

Of R O C K E T Garden and Wild.

I. np H E Names. It is called by the Arabi-
■w /"S"’ “d Erg,,-: by the Greeks,

ob f uavit at em in condicn.dk cbfonik : br
th eLatmes Eruca , quod, vellicando Linguam nuafi
erodat : and by the Eng/ijh, Rocket.

.llJhe K,n^s- There are feveral Species of
this Plant as, I. Eruca j at iv a, Garden Rocket.
[I Erf a Sylveftns Wild Rocket. III. Eruca
Sylveftns not ha, Ballard Wild Rocket: of which
in this Chapter. IV. Eruca Aquatic/,, Water
R°““' Y' E“,ca Manndi Sea Rocket : of botlt
>*• ' nexc foll°wing.

111. The Kinds of the Land Species, i. Eruca
Jativa Eruca Hortenfis: our Garden Rocket. 2
Emca fatwa alba; Eruca, five Email, marina ma-
jor l rag,; Erucula major Cord', -, Sinapi Hortenfe
Jive album Lugdunenfts ^ Sinapi fativum femine al-
bo duplo quam Th/afpi vulgaris majore Lobelii -

Eruca floreG ftmme albo , Roman Garden Rocket

with white Flowers and Seed. 3. Eruca latifolia.
Great Garden Rocket. 4. Eruca maxima Ameri-
cana vel Florid, ana. Great Rocket of Florida. 7.
„.u:a, sy,veftr’* vuigatior Dodonei , Lobelii
Matt, hob, ah or unique , Our more common Wild’
Rocket. 6. Eruca Sylvcftris minor flore parvo
Eruca Sylveftns fott.da Gefneri; Eruca pa/uftri s
minor 1 abernaumntan 1 : Eruca Sylvcftris & Erv-
Jiniii", ff^hfWft’icnfis; Sinapi paluftre Cerardi ;
The lefier Wild Rocket with a fmall Flower. 7.
Eruca era, lea ;■ Eruca pa/uftri s Can, lea, & Eruca
frNf’rif’-enofis crefcen s Bauhini, Blew Flower-
ed W, Id Rocket. 8. Eruca Sylvcftris Anguftifolm
Lobchj; Eruca Anguftifol, a Auftriaca , Narrow
Leav J Wild Rocker. 9. Refeda major P/inij ■

6 E ’ Refeda

946

Salmon s Herbal.

Lib. L

P

V

Refeda maxima Lobelij (a fedandis doloribus colletfi-
ones & inflamationcs difcutere nomen traxit. Ref e da
lute a Lugduncnfts • Refeda red a Cable rarij Sefa-
moides magnum Lacunx Sefamoides alter urn Cxjal-
oini', Pycnocomon Anguilarx, Our greater Baltard
Wild Rocket, io. Refeda minor ^ Eruca vulgaris :
Refeda Plinj Neotericorum Lobelio -, Eruca Pcregri-
na Jtalica & Cantabrica • Refeda fupina Cameranj \
Refeda Lat folia Tabernxmontani -, Sefamoides pri-
mum , Cxfalpini • Erucago vulgaris Co/ umnx -, Our
common Baltard Wild Rocket, n. Refeda alba
minor • Refeda Linarix joins Bauhini : Refeda
Candida Lugdunenfis \ Sefamoides parvum Sali-
manticum Clufij , Small white Baltard Wild
•Rocket. . .

The Defer iptions.

IV. The firft , or Our Garden Rocket, is but a
Wild Kind brought into Gardens , for the
True Roman Rocket in the next Section has
larger Leaves. Its Root is fmall and long , with
fome few Fibres adjoining to it, and perifhes
as foon as it has given Seed. It has long
Leaves much torn or rent on the edges , [mailer
and narrower than the Roman Kind. The
Flowers hereof are of a pale yellowifh color ,
whereat the Roman are whit iff ,. confining of
four Leaves. Its Seed is redd if , contained in

Rocket Garden -

[mailer and longer Pods , than the Roman which
are fhorter and thicker , wlHSfe Seeds are of a
whitifh yellow color. jf

V. The fecond , or Roman Garden Rocket with
white Flowers and Seed. Its Roe} is like the for-
mer, and perifhes Annually in like manner. It is
a f mailer Plant than the former , but larger or
broader Leaves , which are cut in on the edges , but

not fo much nor fo deep , each part being rounder ,
and round at the end , and nothing fo hot or fharp
in Tajie. The Stalk has feme Leaves thereon ,
lejfer , and lefs jagged , which bears white Flowers
at the tops , made of four fomewhat long and round
pointed Leaves after which come little long round
Pods in which is contained yellowifh white round Seed.

VI. Eruca Hortcnfis Romana altera femine nigre-
feente. We have another Roman Kind alfo ; whofe
Root perifhes in like manner prefcntly after the Seed
is ripe. Its Stalk rtfes to be 3 or 4 feet high ,
Branched into many parts. Its Leaves are very like
to the former , and at the tops of the Stalks and
Branches are low whitifh Flowers made with four
Leaves apiece , round pointed , with a black Line in
the middle of each Leaf. After which come long
fender Pods , containing blackifh brown Seed within
them.

VII. The third , or Great Garden Rocket. Its
Root is much like to the former Garden Kind, with
Stalks and Leaves like it , but that the Leaves arc
broader , and the divifions at the Leaves larger ,
and fmaller at the ends than thofe of our Garden
Kind, and each' part more unevenly dented about
the edges. The Flowers hereof are more yellow %
and enclining to a Gold color , and the Seed fmaller ,
and darker , in fmaller t and longer Pods.

VIII. The fourth , or Great Rocket of Florida.
It has a confide r able thick long Root Branching it
felf forth every way * from the Head whereof rifes
up one or more great Stalks , even to a Mans height j
with a number of rough hairy Stalks , fp reading
themfelves out on all files, and fet with divers long
and pointed Leaves unevenly dented about the edges ,
and fomewhat like' iynto thofe of Lyfimachia or
Loofeftrife, but having a fmall downy hair inefs upon
them } tafling fomelhing fweet at the firft, but fharp
afterwards. The Flowers are many , wpich Band at
the ends of the Stalks and Branches , confifiing of
four yellow Leaves apiece, which turn into [lender
long Pods, containing within them fmall Seed, which
is fweetifh , for which re af on of its fweetnefs , we
have ClaJPd it with the Garden Kinds.

II. Of Wild Rocket.

IX. The fifth, or Our more common Wild Rocket,
It has a very long and pretty thick Root, with many
Strings and Fibres adjoining to it. It has longer
and narrower Leaves, much more divided , and into
J, tenderer cuts and jaggs on both [ides the middle Rib,
than any of the former, and of a fad overworn green
colimp from among which rifes fever al ft iff Stalks, two
or three Feet high fometimes, fet with the like Leaves
but fmaller, and fmaller upwards -, Branched from
the middle into fever al ft iff Stalks , bearing divers
yellow Flowers, confifiing oj four Leaves apiece, like
the others , which afterwards give fmall long Pods ,
containing fmall reddifh Seed, of a more bitter hot
biting Tape than the others, as the Leaves alfo are.

X. The fixth , or Letter Wild Rocket with a
fmall Flower. This in its Root , Stalks, 8cc. differs
not much from the Igft, but only in the fmallnefs of
the Leaves, Branches, Flowers and Pods , for in all
parts it is leffer, and the Leaves are as much divided,
but into fmaller parts, not fuelling well.

XI. The f eve nth, or Blew Flowered Wild Rocket.
Its Root is long. , fender and reddifh, with fome Fibres
adjoining to it. Its loweft Leaves are cut in on both
fides,fomething like to Rocket, but in my opinion, more
like Groundfel. From mong which rife up feveral
hairy ft raked Stalks , fcarccly a Foot high, bearing
rough hairy Leaves on them, left jagged, and fome of

them

a

Chap. 598. EngUjh Herbs. 9^-

them not at all. Jhorter aljo and narrower. At the
tops /lands the flowers one abope another in a kind
oj {piked Head, of an excellent purpliftb blew color
confifting of four Leaves , after which come fmall
long fmooth Lodi, containing within them /'mall
Jharp reddifh Seed.

XII. The eighth. or Narrow Leav’d Wild Rocket.
Its Root is long and /lender. Its Leaves are long and
narrow , not much unlike to thefe of Tarragon, but
of the color of Rocket. Its Flowers are yellow
and like thofe of the former Wild Rockets, grow-
ing on long f piked Heads or Stalks a Foot and half
high. After which come in their places long /lender
Cods, like thofe oft Creffes or Muftard, containing
within them , hot Jharp Seed, having the appearance
of Eryfimum or Bank Creffes , but the Ta/le of
Rocket.

III. Baftard Wild Rocket.

XIII. The ninth, or Our greater Baftard Wild
Rocket. Its Root is long and woody, with fever al
Fi&res thereat , abiding many Tears. It rifes up
with divers, crefled bending Stalks, about 2 Feet
high, fet with many and much divided Leaves there-
on, fomething like unto the lotvejl Leaves of Rocket,'
of a piercing Jharp Smell and Tajle , like unto
Creffes •, and many fuch like Leaves btiftbing toge-
ther at the Foot of them. At the tops of the Stalks
grow yellow Flowers in long Spikes /landing thick
together , which gradually opening at the bottom,
fpread the mf elves farther af under ; and afterwards
upon Jhort foot Stalks come fmall skinny, fwollen ,
cornered Cods , turning downwards , in which are
contained very fmall Seed.

XIV. The tenth, or Our common Baftard Wild
Rocker. The Root is long and woody like the for-
mer. It grows more upright, and not altogether fo
high as it, but with whiter gikten Leaves; deeply
ait in, or torn on the edges ; yet each divifion is
broader than the former. Tbegf lowers arc fmall
and yellow , growing on fuel) Spikes, but Jhorter.

XV. The eleventh, or Small white Baftard Wild
Rocker. Its Root is Jmall, long and white with Fi-
bres adjoining to it. It J boots forth divers nbitifh
green Stalks, much about a Foot high, bearing feve-
ral long and narrow green Leaves ( not much unlike
to thofe of Linaria or Toad Flax ) yet hoary witha/l ,
and leffer than thofe which grow near the Ground,
or at the foot of the Stalk , which are fomewhat
broader, but not lefs hoary. The Flowers are white
growing on the like Spikes, many cluflering together,
with fmall green Heads in the middle of each, in
which ( afterwards ) is contained fmall bla'ckijh
Seed.

XVI. The Tlaces. The firft four are gener^Iy
Sown and Nurft up in Gardens , bur many will
have it, that the firft of them is a Wild Kind, and
brought into the Garden for its ufefulnefs : it grows
in moft Gardens of it felf, and you may fee moft
Brick and Stone Walls near London, and in many
other places abounding with it. The fourth of
them was brought to us from America. The Wild
Rockets are found growing Wild in many places in
England, tho’ without doubt they may grow Wild
in feveral, other Countries. The eighth, or Nar-
row Leav'd (tho’ laid to grow in Auftria) grows
with us in feveral places, near unto Water fides,
in the Chinks and Crevifes of Stone Walls among
Mortar: Gerard fays he found it as you go
from Lambeth-Bridg to Lambeth, and under a fmall
Bridg that you mutt pafs over near rheT homes fide.
The three laft, or Baftard Kinds , are alfo Wild

*

Plants ; rhe two firit of them, viz. the ninth and
S’J" ; frequently in our Nation in many
waite Grounds , both near London, and uo and

d0j'r'!n,fheo0untr'''’ in Saildy> s“ny. Gravelly
and Chalky barren Grounds; as .in feveral places
m Kent, at South-fleet, upon Longfield Downs
which is. a very Barren, Chalkv, Hilly Ground’
and at . Greenwich upon the Hills ; and at other"
places m A cm. The ninth has alfo been found
growing upon the H'ou/ds in Tork-ftbire. The
eleventh being a Foreign or Italian Plant, is found
with us only in Gardens.

t11; TV T"f". The firft four Flower in June
and their Seed is frpe in Auguft. The
I[ild Rockets, viz. the fifth, fixth, feventh, and
eighth FWr till Auguft, and their Seed is ripe
and September. The Ballard
Kinds, Viz. rhe ninth tenth, and eleventh. Flower
about June , and all July and Auguft, the Seed

Flowering6 ^ Momh follov™g their

XVIII The Qualities. They are all hot and
dry in rhe third Degree, Aperitive, Ablterfive
Attractive , Carminative, Cofmetick, Digettive,
Diurenck Suppurative, Cephalick, Neurotick
Stomatick, Nephritick, Hytthrick Emmenagogick
Alexipharmick and Spermatogenetick.

XIX. The Specification. Rocket is good againft
the Scurvy, Strangury, Stone, Gravel, Itoppage of
Urine, bitings of Serpents and other venomous
Creatures, Hinging of Scorpions, refilts Poifon
is profitable againft the Jaundice, Cough, obftruai’
ons ot the Spleen , Stoppage of the Terms in
Women : is excellent againft Althma’s, and all
obftrufhons, of the Lungs, and gives eafe in the
Gout, Sciatica, and other like pains of the Joints.
Where N o te. The Wild Rockets, are flrongeft and
moft lifted in Phyfick : The Garden Rockets arc of

V ,tm‘ tuT ft moft ufed in

S allots. The Ballard Rockers, tho' they are of the
Jame A at lire, nire yet weaker , and but very little
lifted any way, where the others can be had.

XX. The Preparations. You may have thare-

rrom, \. A Sallet of the Herb , efpecially of the
Garden Kinds, tho’ the Wild Kinds are fomccimes
ufed for that purpofe alfo. 2. A Liquid Juice.
\r 4* Offence. 4. An Infufwn or Deco tt ion of the
Herb. y. An Infufion or Deedlion of the Seed.
6. A Ponder of the Seed. 7. A Syrup. 8. An
Oil or Ointment. 9. A Cataplajm. lo.ACofme-
Uck • . -f1 Difti/led Water of the whole Planti

1 2. A Spirit from the Herb, or Seed.

The Virtues.

XXI. The Sallet of Garden Rocker. It is fel
dom eaten alone, but with other Herbs of a coding.
Nature, as with Lettice, Common Cabbage and
Roman, or with Purjlanc, either Garden or Wild
but it is in a manner wholly fpentas a Condiment
or W lor Meat, to pleafe the Palate, Iharpen
the Appetite and caufe a good Digeltion : It admi-
rahly encreafes Seed, removes Impotency atfd Fri-
gidity, and provokes to Venerial A£ts; but the
I ild is more potent to this purpofe than the Gar -

in. the lalt C3fe is moft ufed.

Liquid Juice. Being taken from a
Spoonful to 2 or 3 mixed with Honey, or double
Refined Sugar, and halt a Pint of Generous Wine,
and Urank Morning and Evening, it powerfully pro-
yokes Urine and the Terms, cures the Strangury, and
is profitable againlt the Stone, Gravel, Sand, or
Tartarous Matter, or Slime, obftrufting the Reins,

6 L 2 Ureters

Salmon .f Herbal.

Lib. 1.

Ureters and Bladder. It is a wonderful thing lor
the Cure of the Scurvy and Rheumatifms_ in a
cold habit ot' Body : and to refill the Poifon by
teaion of the bitings of Serpents, Vipers, Rattle-
Snakes, Stinging of Scorpions, ffc. frf Cdtaphifm
of the Green Herb being alio applied, to the
place.) It is good again!! the Jaundice and
obftru&ions ot the Spleen, Vapors and Hylterick
tits-, and is an excellent thing tor the Colick, tho'
never io extreum, and that upon the Spot-, being
alfo repeated as oft as need requires.

XXIII. The E fence. It has all the Virtues ot
thf* Liquid Juice , befides which it is lingular
again!! Coughs, Colds, and all Obltru&ions ot the
Womb* Belly-achs, Gripings of the Guts ^ and
alio kills Worms in Children. Dofe from half
a Spoonful to two Spoonfuls, in Wine, or other
tit Vehicle, iweetned with the following Syrup oj
the fame.

XXIV. The lnfufion or DccoEhon 0} the Hcrl?
in Wine. It has all the Virtues of the Juice and
Efence, but muft be given in larger quantities,
as from half a quarter of a Pint, to almoft half
a Pint, Morning and Night, fweetnedwith the
Syrup of the fame Plant. It increafes Seed (as do
alfo in a more efpecial manner the Juice and Ejfence )
is good again!! Impotency and Frigidity, andlfrong-
ly provokes Luf!, exciting to Venerial Actions.

XXV. The Ponder of the Seed. Mixed a Dram
at a time with Honey or fome proper Syrup, it en-
creafes Seed, provokes Lut!, and cures Impotency.
It kills Worms in Children, and has all the other
Virtues of the Juice, Efence, and lnfufion. Made
into a Cataplafm with Ox Gall, and applied to the
Face or other parts, it clears the Skin from Spots,
Freckles, Tanning, Sun- burning, Yellownefs and
other difcolorings thereof, and clears it from
Scurff, Morphew and the like. Mixed or made
up with Vinegar, it takes away Freckles and other
Rednefs, happening in the Face or^other parts, as
alio black and blew Spots, and theTdifcolorings of
the Small-Pox, relforing the Skin to its color again.

XXVI. The lnfufion or Dccoflwn of the Seed.
It has all the Virtues of the Poudcr of the Seed,
and of the lnfufion or De coll ion in Wine. It is a
lingular good thing for the Cure of the Scurvy and
Rheumatifm in a cold Conllitution, with all their
appendent Symptoms and is very profitable again!!
the Colick, Gripings of the Guts, and inveterate
pains of the Stomach. Dofe from a quarter of a
Pint to half a Pint Morning and Nighc.

XXVII. The Syrup. It is made with the Juice
of the Herb, or with its Efence, by mixing an
equal quantity of Olarified Honey thc/ewith, in a
G£77//i? Balneo or Sand heat. It cures Allhma’s,
Coughs, Colds, Wheezing, Hoarfne!s, fhortnels
of Breath , and other Dillempers of the Breft and
Lungs, and is profitable again!! the Rickets in
Children : and taken mixed with the Juice or

Ljlence, and an equal part of the Diftilled Water ,
it encreafes Seed, as alfo Milk in Nurfes Breads,
is good again!! Impotency and Frigidity, and pro-
vokes Luft in both Sexes. Being taken with hall
a Dram of the Pouder of the Seed at a time, it
Kills Worms in Children, opens obllruflions of the
Spleen and Reins and Womb, provokes Urine and
the Terms, and takes away the ilinking or evil
Smell of the Arm- Pits, and the ftrong Smell of the
ref! of the Body.

XXVIII. TJje Oil or Ointment. They are Anodyn
and Difcuffive, good to difeufs Tumors, and eafe
Pains arifing from cold and moifture, or a Flux of
Cold Humors to any part. They give eafe in the
Gout and Sciatica, and are profitable to be ufed
in the Cure of the Palfy, Cramps, Convulfrons,
and the like.

XXIX. The Cataplafm. It may be made oj the
Green Herb, or of the Herb mixed with the Poudei
of the Seed. Applied to Wounds made by the
bitings of Mad Dogs, or of Serpents, as the Viper.
Rattle-Snake, Cfc. or flinging of Scorpions, itpre
fently draws out the Poifon or Venom , and pre
ferves the Patient from danger. Applied to the
Skin, it clears it of any deformity, and takes away
Scurff, Morphew, and other difcolorings thereof.

XXX. The Cofmetick. Take of the Liquid
Juice or Ejfcnce 8 Ounces -, of Bulls Gall made
pure and fine , 6 Ounces •, the bejl White Wine
Vinegar 4 Ounces , mix them. It is good again!!
Pimples, Pulfules, and other breakings out, asallb
Freckles, Lentils, Scurff, Morphew , Tanning ,
Sun-burning , Yellownefs , Tettars, Ringworms,
and other deformities of the Skin, it being laid on
Morning, Noon, and Night, after the Face has
been tvafht clean with Warm Water.

XXXI. The Difiilled Water from the whole
Plant. It has the Virtues of the Juice, Ejfence ,
and lnfufion y but ip a much lower or meaner de-
gree : and therefore may he ufed as a Vehicle to
convey the other Medicines down into the Body-
in. It is Cordial and Stomatick and wirhall G6T-
metick, and therefore may be ufed again!! mol! of
the Vices and deformities of rheSkin.

XXXII. The Spirit drawn from the Herb or
Seed. It is made in all rej polls as you make Spirit
of Scurvy-Grafs, or Spirit of Crcjjes. It is a po-
tent Medicine again!! the Scurvy in a Cold habit
of Body, Dropfy, Jaundice, Rheumatifm, Colick,
Gripings of the Guts, Pleurify, Stone, Gravel,
Oblfruftion of the Reins and Worrib, and other
internal parts. It jeUifies and ilrengthens the
Stomach , Stops Vomiting, and caules a good Ap-
petite and Digeflion. Dofe 50 Drops or more in
a Glafs of Ale, Beer, or Wine.

CHAP. DXCJX.

Of ROCKET Water and Sea.

I. np H E Karnes. Ir is called in Greek, "Ev&u'.r
JL V'Ax.tuJ'm : in La tine, Eruca Paluflris : and
in Englijh, Water or Marfh Rocket.

II. 1 be Kinds. I. Of the Water Rocket, called
in Greek, *£v(uij.ov '4wJ'&r. \nLatine, Eruca Aquati-
ca: there is but one Species, which is here de-
clared. II. Of the Sea Rocket there is, 2.

StfAttVff/sf’ : Eruca Marina Anglic a Lobelij, Angui-
larce, Camararij, Columns, W Lugdunenfis -, and is
called by Scrapio , Kakile -, in Englijh, Sea Rocket.
3. Eruca Maritima Eloridiana Of Italic a-, Ameri-
can, and Italian Sea Rocker.

The Descriptions.

III. The firfi, or Water Rocket. It has a Jong
/lender Root , full of Fibres, fet as it were at
Joints. Its feaves and Stalks ly as it were upon
the Ground, creeping on the fame, with long Branch-
es, of long Winged Leaves, almoft like to Sium
Impatiens, but not Jo much dented upon the edges *
having but two or three dents for the moft part ,
and yellowif ') Flowers at the tops , with J lender
Pods following them.

IV. The Jecond, or F.nglifh Sea Rocket. It has
a long flender Root with fome few Fibres adjoining

to

Chap. 600. 'Englijh Herbs

949

Rocket Water.

p °thfr foreign Countries. The third has been
found about the Sea Coait of Italy, near Venice
and other places of that Shore: and in Travelling
1 have lometimes found ir upon the Sea Shores of
,/tt ’ ln an(i near our EnAl,Ih Plantations.

V II. The Times. They all flower in June
July, and Augufl, and their Seed is ripe within a
Month alter the time ot Flowering.

VIII. As to the Qualities, Specification, Prepare
t/ons, and Virtues of thele Plants, Authors have
laid nothing: but if we may prefume to judge of
them by their Talte, which is very much like to
that of Rocket, we may predicate the fame of them
However they are faid to be Anodyn, and Dilcuf-

and that by a kind of Diaphoretick faculty
they will difperfe Swellings and Intonations!
Angular a lays, that Our Engli/h Sea Rocket
Purges exceedingly. Mi const lays, it wonderful-
ly eafes the Cholick : and that the Difti/ledlVster
drank 4 Ounces at a time , gives admirable eafe in
the Stone and Gravel, whether in the Reins or
Bladder.

ROMAN- BF.ANS,y2v Kidney-Beans, Chap. $6.

lee R°uncival-Peafe, Chap. 548.
ROSE-W ATER, fee Wacer-Lilly, Chap. 442, and

ROSE-WINTER, fee Hollyhock. Chap. 369, ^
ROSE-RUBIE, fee Adonis-Flower, Chap. 2.

to it : from which fpring. up divers Stalks , fome
trailing on the Ground , others Standing more up-
right, ( but being Nurft up in Gardens, it fome-
thing varies its form and manner of growing in its
Stalks and Leaves .*) ihefe Stalks are Scattering/)!
Jet with fmall long Leaves , cut in or dented on the
edges like to Groundfel or Rocket but longer and
letfer, when growing in a Garden : ) at the tops of
the Stalks grow the blowers of a pale purplijh color ,
of the fajhion of Radifli blowers compojed of four
Leaves apiece : after which comes the Seed , in
form like to a Wheat Corn, but greater : which
Grains are fomelhing fpongy and not foil A , nor two
joined together , ( when growing in a Garden) but
every Seed fingle by it felf whereas that which
grows by the Sea-fide, has always two growing to-
gether.

V. The third , or American and Italian Sea
Rocket. Its Root creeps under Ground , with fome
Strings or Fibres , and perijhes every Tear ajter it
has born its Seed. From this Root fpring up fome
long and narrow Leaves , lying next the Ground ,
very much and finely cut into fever a l parts , not
very much unlike to a Deers Horns : the Stalk alfo is
varioufly fpread out into many 'Branches , which are
alfo fet with the like Leaves , but leffer , and lefs

, divided f ill up to the tops of each Arm. The
Flowers are of a purplijh color , confifting oj Jour
Leaves apiece , and ft and one above another in ft mall
husks each with two points , upon their fever al
Stalks or Branches. When they are faded and gone ,
fmall pointed Heads in form like to a Spears point
fucceed , in every one of which is contained a white
Grain or Kernel.

VI. The Places. The firft grows oftentimes
near Ditches and Water Courfes, and fometimes
alfo in dryer places. The fecond grows on our
own Sea Coafts, in many places of Kent and
Suffex efpecially, yet is not proper to our Clime
only, but is alfo found on the Sea Coafts of feve-

C H A P. DC.

Of ROSE-WORT:

0 R,

R O S E - R O O T.

I- HP f f Names. It is- called in Greek, P llJU
J- in Latine, Rhodia Radix, and Rofe a

Radix (becaule of its Rofe like Smell: j and in Enz-
lijh, Rofe-Wort, and Rofe. Red.

II. The Kinds. Some have thought it to be a
Species of Orpine, but that is doubtful. There
is according to Authors, two forts thereof, vie. i.
Rhodia {errata-, Rhodia Radix foliis ferratis vet
dentahs , Rofe-Wort or Rofe-Root with dented
Leaves. 2. Rhodia non dentata , vel /errata-
Rhodia Radix foliis non ferratis vel dentatis, Rofe-
Wort, or Rofe-Root with fmooth edged Leaves, or
Leaves not dented.

The Dejcriptions.

III. The firft, or Rofe-Wort, or Rofe-Root with
dented Leaves, hs Root is thick and Tuberous or
Knobby al the Head, and Branched out, rifing often-
times above the Ground ; whereas it grouis fome-
what reddijh, and is long downwards, with divers
fibres annexed to it, which being a little broken or
brm fed whilft it is frejh, fmells much like to a
Damask Rofe, much more than when it is dry, tho ?
then it retains a great deal of the Scent , and front
thence it was that it took its Name. From the

Heads

•• V-V-;,

Salmon j* 'Herbal. Lib. 1.

Kofn-mrt with dented Leaves.

Heals of this Root Spring forth livers Stalks Mi
grow upright, thick, round, or green, about a
toot thick, fet with Leaves up to the lops, which
are four what long and narrow, like unto t bo/e of
Orpine, but fmaller , yet as fat and thick, and of
the like pale green color, whereby it much rcfcmblcs
Orpine in its Leaf, blower, and manner of
growing. the Leaves arc dented about the
edges. And the blowers are many, fmall and
yellow, fet in a Tuft, or Cluftcr , but Some-
thing fmaller than Orpine, with Seed in Heads
like unto it alfo.

IV. Gerard thus deferibes it. The upper end of

the Root is thick and knobby, and grows for the
moH part out of the Ground, and is there of a
purp/ifh color, bunched and knobbed like the Root
of Orpine, with many hairy Strings hanging there-
to of a pleafant Smell when it is broken, like to
that of the Damask-Rofe, from whence it took its
Name, b'rom this Root Spring forth many Jma.ll,
thick and fat Stem -, about which the Leaves are
jet round even from the bottom Jo the top,
like to tho/e of the Field Orpine, but nar-
rower , and more fnipt about the edges, the
blowers grow at the tops of the Stalks of a faint
yellow color. . .

V. The Second, or Rofe-Wort,- wRofe-Root,
with Leaves not dented. This in its Root, Stalks ,
Leaves, blowers, magnitude, and manner of grow-
ing, is much like the former, and fcarcely 'at JirJt
fight to be difeerned from it , the only difference
being in the Leaves, thefe being fmooth, or even ,
and not dented on the edges, as the former are
And this it is which anfwers to the Cut which
Matthiolus has given us in bis Epitome oj Diolco-
rides.

Kefe wort tiilboi/t denied LedifS.

VI. The Places. It grows very plentifully in the
North parts of England, and lcarcely any where
elfe, as far as we can underfhnd; as upon the
Mountains of Pend/e and Ing/cberough, ( the very
higheli Mountains as is fuppefed in all England.)
oltentimes on the very raggedlt places, fcarcely ac-
cefiible, and very dangefonS by feafon of their
heighc and,lleepnefs, fo that one may be in great
danger of tumbling down, who does not look
wearily to their Footing. Gerard fays, it grows
in a place called Ingleborough bets, near unto the
Brook Tides. From thefe places, both Gerard and
Parkinfon fay, that they have hid fome Roots or
Plants fent them for their Gardens.

VII. The Timet. They Flower about June and
July, and the Seel is ripe in Auguft. 1 he Leaves
and Stalks perifh about the beginning of Winter ,
and fpring again every Year anew from the .Root ,
which abides and Lives thro* all extremities of ■
Cold.

VIII. The Qualities. It is cold and moift in
the firlt Degree, Anodyn, Cephalick, and Neuro-

IX. The specification. It has been found by Ex-
perience to cool Inhumations, to give eale in the
Megrim, and other pains of the Head.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,-

1. A Liquid Juice from Leaves, Stalks , and Roots

2. A Cataplafn of the green Root, Leaves, or
Stalks. 5. An Oil or Ointment from the fame.
4. A Diftil/ed Water from the green or f refit
Root.

The Virtues.

XI. The Liquid Juice. It cools and allays the
heat and fermentation of a troubled Stomach, and

flops

Chap. 601. Englij

Hops Vomiting by reafoii of the boiling of Cholera
taken in Mead or other fit Vehicle, it pleafantly
cools, abates Febri tick heat, and very much recre-
ates the Spirits. Dofe from i Spoonful to 2 or
more, upon any preffing occafion.

XII. The Cataplafm oj the Green Roots, Leaves,
and Stalks. If it is beaten up with Oil of Rofes ,
and applied to the Forehead and Temples, it gives
eafe in the Megrim, and other accidental pains of
the Head, efpecially if it proceeds from a Fever,
or hot Caufe.

XIII. The Oil or Ointment made of the Juice ,
or green Root and Herb. If it is beaten up with
Rofe Water , and the Head, or other parts pained
be anointed therewith, it gives prefent eafe of any
pain proceeding from a hot caufe : and this it will
do fo much the better, if Stupbs dipt in the fame
be alio applied over after the anointing.

XIV. The Difiilled Water. It cools Inhumati-
ons, eafes pains of the Head and other parts, is
a good Cofmetick , taking away Pimples, Putties,
Scurff, Morphew, Tannings, Sunburning, yellow-
nefs , roughnefs, or any other deformity of the
Skin. And this it does more effectual if it is mixed
with an equal part of the Liquid Juice , and a
quarter part of the Juice of Limons , or for want
of it, of the ftrongeft White Wine Vinegar.

CHAP. DCI.

Of the ROSE-BUSH.

I. /T' H E Names. It is called in Arabick ,
A Nard, Naron , feu Vard : in Greek , 'RoJiv :
in Latijie , Rofa : and in Englifh , the Rofe.

II. The Kinds. There are two Generick Species
of Rofes, viz. 1. Rofa fativa , Rofa Horten fis , the
Garden Rofe-Bufh , of which in this Chapter. 2.
‘P'oJbv ay&ov ; KwoppJhv : Rofa Sylveftrls , Rofa Canina ,
The Wild Rofe-Bufh, or Briar- Bufh, of which in
Chap. 602. next following.

III. The Kinds of the Garden Rofes. There is
a great variety of Garden Rofes , the whole Stock
of them not being eafy to be deferibed , Thofe
mod common in our Englifh Gardens are thefe
following, viz. 1 . Rofa Anglica alba major Lf minor ,
The Englifh White Rofe Greater and LefTer. 2.
Rofa incarnata , The Carnation Rofe. 3. Rofa
Belgica , fiveVitrea , The Dutch Rofe. 4. Rofa
Anglica rubra , The Englifh Red Rofe. y. Rofa
Damafcena , The Damask Rofe. 6. Rofa P r ovine i-
alis , Rofa Centifolia Batavica incarnata , Rofa Da-
mafcena Holandica , The great donble Damask Pro-
vince, or Holland Rofe. 7. Rofa Provincial is ru-
bra, Rofa Centifolia Batavica rubra , The Red Pro-
vince Rofe. 8. Rofa Provincialis alba , The White
Province Rofe. 9. Rofa verfi color. The Party color-
ed Rofe; The York and Lancafter. 10. RafaCry-
ftalina , The Cryffal Rofe. 11. Rofa rubra humi-
lis , The Dwarf Red Rofe, or Gilliflower Rofe.

12. Rofa Francofurteujis , The Franckford Rofe.

13. Rofa Hungarica , The Hungarian Rofe. 14.
Rofa Holof erica fimplex , The fingle Velvet Rofe.
15. Rofa Holoferica Multiplex , The double Velvet
Rofe. 16. Rofa fine Spinis fimplex , The Rofe
without Thorns fingle. 17. Rofa fine Spinis multi-
plex, The double Rofe without Thorns, ig. Rofa
Cinamomea fimplex , The fingle Cinamon Rofe.
19. Rofa Cinamoma multiplex , The double Cina-
mon Rofe. 20. Rofa Lute a fimplex , The fingle

b Herbs. g^\

Yellow Rofe. 21. Rofa Lutea Multiplex , five
fore pleno , The Double Yellow Rofe. 22. Rofa
Mo f chat a fimplex. The fingle Musk Rofe. 25.
Rofa Mofchata multiplex , The Double Musk Rofe.
24. Rofa Mofchata multiplex altera-, alijs , Roja
Damafcena alba -, Rofa Cinamomea ve rt fimilior fore
pleno a/bo , The Double White Damask Musk Rofe.
27. R ja Mofchata fimplex Hfpanica , TheSpanifh
fingle Musk Rofe. 2 6. Rofa Eglenterta odora Jim-
plcx. The Single fweet Eglantine, or fweet Briar
Rofe. 27 • Rofa Eglenteria odora multiplex , The
Double Sweet Eglantine, or Double fweet Briar
Role. 28. Rofa Menjalis, The Monthly Rofe.
29. Rofa Belgica ruble ante. The blufh Belgick
Rofe. 30. Rofa Damafcena variegata Eligantior ,
The beautiful variegated Damask Rofe. 31. Rofa
Canina Plore pleno , The double Wild Bryar Role.
32. Rofa mundi, Rofa variegata admirabilis. The
Rofeol the World, or admirable variegated Rofe,
of all which in order.

T be Dcjcriptiofts.

IV. The firf, or Englifh White Rofe. This is
of 'two Kinds , the one the Greater more thick and
double than the other. The one rifes up in fome
fhadowie places to be about 8 Feet higbt with a Stock
of a great thicknefs for a Rofe • it has fome what
fmaller and whiter green Leaves than many of the
other Kinds of Roles, five moft ufually fet on a
Stalk, and more white underneath , as alfo a whiter

Rofe Bufb.

green hark , armel with /harp T korris or Prickles,
by which it is eafily known from other Rofes. The
flowers are whitijh , with an Eye or Jhew of a blufh ,
efpecially towards the ground or bottom of the Flow-
er, which is very thick , double and clofe fet toge-
ther, and for the moft part not opening it felf fo
largely and fully as either the Red or Damask
Rofe.

V. The

95

Salmon V Herbal. Lib. I.

V. I 'be fccond Kind of the Englifh White P.oje.
Rofa Anglica alba minor, being the leffer fort.
This fcldom grows higher than a Damask Role
its Leaves in magnitude, number and color arc dike
the former , and the Bufh in like manner armed
with Prickles. The Flower is 'whiter, lefs thick and
double ? and opening it f elf more-, Jome of the
Flowers are fo little double , as not to have above-
two or three rows of Leaves , that they f cent in
fame manner almofl to be fingle , and having but
little Smell. Some judge both theje to be but one
Kind, and make the diverjtty to be occafioned from
the Air , or Soil, or both : but I conjefs I am not of
that Opinion.

VJ. Gerard gives us this general Defcription of
our White Rofe thus. Its Root is long, tough , and of a
woody Sub fiance. From which fpring up very long
Stalks, of a woody Subfiance a If o. Jet or armed with
divers fharp Prickles-, the Branches whereof arc
likewife full of Prickles , on which grow Winged
Leaves , five in number for the mo/} part fet upon
a middle Rib , by couples, the odd Leaf f landing at
the point, or end of the fame, every one of tbofe
Leaves being fnipt about the edges, fame what rough,
and of an over worn green color. • From the Bojom
whereof fboot forth long loot Stalks , on which grow
very fair double Flowers, of a white color , and
very fweet Smell, having in the middle a few yellow
Threads or Chives , which being pafi , the Fruit
fucceeds ( as large as a Horfe Bean , or larger)
which is of a longifh round form ( almofl oval ) green
at the fir (l, afterwards of a finning Coral red color,
with a red Pulp within > which when the Berry is
ripe, is foft , and of a plcafant acid Tafie : and
within this Pulp is contained a good quantity of
downy cloaking Matter, almofl like Hair, but fhort,
within which the Seed or Grains ly hid, which arc
very hard almofl, as Stones.

VII. The fccond, or Carnation Rofe. It is in
mofi things like unto the Leller White Rofe, both
for the growing of the Stock , and bignefs of the
Flower-, but that it is more fpread abroad when it
is blown than the White is, and is of a pale blufh
color all the Flower thro ’ out, and almofl of as fmall
a Smell, as the fmall White One.

VIII. The third, or Dutch Rofe. This fort is not
very great, but very thick and double , and is very
variable in its Flowers) n that they will be fo different
one from another. And tho> they may all if them
be called Carnation Rofes, yet Jome are paler than
others, and fome are as it were blafled , which comes
not Cafually, but Naturally to this Rofe. But the
befit Flowers (of which there will always be fome )
will be of a bright pale murrey color , near unto
the Velvet Rofe, but nothing near of fo dark a
color.

IX. The fourth , or Englifh Red Rofe. I Id-
call this Englifh, becattfe it is more frequent in
England than in other Countries. It never grows
fo high as the Damask Rofe Bufh , but more com-
monly grows low, and fhoots forth many Branches
from its Root ( feldom growing up asjhe Damask
Rofe into Standarts ) which Branches have a green
Bark, thinner fet with Prickles, and having larger
Leaves , and greener on the upper fide than the
White, yet with an Eye of white upon them, five
likewife for the mofi part fet upon a Stalk, and
grayifh or whitifh underneath. The Rofes or Flow-
ers do very much vary, according to their Sight and
abiding for fome are of an orient red, or of a deep
crimfon color, and very double, (alt ho' never Jo
double as the White) which when it is full blown,
has the large fi Leaves of any other Rofe. Some of
them again are paler, tending fomething to a
Damask ^ and fome are of fo pale a red, as to re-

fiemb/c almofi that cf a Canker Rofe • yet all for
the mg part having larger Leaver than the
Damask lvole, and with many more yellow Th>r
,n tie middle. The Smell of this Red Rofe is much
better or ru her than that of tie White, but not com-
parable to that of the Damask; but this Rofe bcinr
well iryef and well kept , it will keep both its Cob,
and Smell longer than the Damask, with the belt
looking after. ' J

X. The fifth, or Damask Rofe. the Damask
Role Belli , a more ufuaUyKurfi up to a competent
height to Ji and alone ( which they call Standarts I
than any other Rofe. The Bark both of the Stock
and Branches ts not fully f0 green, as ,he Red
or White Rofe. The Leaves are green with an
bye o] white upon them, fo l,ke unto the Red Rbfe
that there is no great difference between them but
that the Leaves of the Red Rofe feem to be of a.
darker green. 1 he Flowers are of a fine deep blufh
color. Wit - feme pale ycllot. Threads in the middle
but are not full out Jo thick and double as the White-
nor being blown, have they fo great or large leave's
as the Wei - but are of a mofi excellent fweet plea-
)ant Smell, far furpojfmg all other Roils or flowers
not being heady or too ftrong , nor fluffing, or un-
pleafanlly fweet as many other things are

XL The Jtxth, or Great Double Damask Pro-
vince w Holland Role. This Bufh has its Bark
of a brown reddtjh color , by which it is eafy to
be ifeerned from other Rofes. The Leaves
are aljo more reddtjh than in others, and fomething
larger- but it ufually grows much like to the
Damask Rofe, and much of the fame height The
flowers arRofes are of the fame deep blufh 'color
that the Damask Rofes are, or rather fomewhat
deeper ■■ but much thicker, broader, and more double
or fuller, of Leaves by three parts almofl the out-
wards Leaves turning thenf elves back , when the
flower has food long blown : the middle fart it
felf ( which almofl in all other Rofes has fome
yellow threads to be fecn) being folded hard with
JaiaU Leaves has J carcely any yellow at all vtftble
lhe Smell of this Rofe comes neareft unto the
Damask Role, bur yet is by much Jhort of it tboJ
many do indeed think it as good its the Damask
And fonts have therefore caufei their Damask
Role Stocks to be Unified with Province Rofes
hoping to have as good Rofe Water, and more Acre
from them, than from Damask Rofes ; but truly
(let fitch think what they wall) the Smell of h is
not half Jo fir ong or fo good.

XII. The feventh, or Red Province Rofe The
difference between this and the laft ,s not verv
great. I he Stock, and the Branches a/fo , in this
leaning not to be fo great, but greener, and the
Bark not fo red. 'lhe Leaves are of the fame
largencfs with the former Damask Province The
Blowers are not altogether fo large, thick, and
double-, but of a httlc deeper Damask or bluff,
color, turning to a Red Rofe, ye, no, coming L
near to the full color of the decpejl Red R0fe.
nor is the Smell altogether fo ftrong or fwce, a's
the Damask Province, but coming fomthin* „e,r
to the /cent of the Common red Role, yet exceed-
ing it : nee is it fo plentiful m bearing as the la A
or Djmask Province.

XIII. The eighth, or White Province Rofe h

, e very zohtle and double, and very large like to the
Rat province Rofe, or rather hie to the double
Damask, or Greater white Rnglilh R0fe j„
form and magnitude of the Role, and manner of
its growing, but not in the largenefs of its Stock
or Body, ibis befng much the leijer. ’

XIV TR. ninth or The Party colored Rofe,
coded ,he\ ork and Lancafter. This in its form

and

Chap. 561. “Englifb Herbs.

953

and. order of its growing is near eft unto the Com-
mon Damask Role, as well for its Body or Stem ,
as for its Branches , Leaves and Flowers. The
difference confifting chief y in this that the Flower
(being of the fame magnitude and multiplicity or
doublencfs with that of the Damask Role) has the
one half of it, fometmes of a pale whitifh color •
and the other half of it, of a paler Damask color
than the ordinary. This happens thus, many times
and fame times alfo the Flower has fever al ft r ipe s
and marks in it, as one Leaf white, or flriped with
white and the other half blufh , or firiped with
blufh -, Jometimes alfo , the whole Flower is Jiriped,
or fpotted over', and at other times, it has few or no
Jlripes or marks at a/l, as Nature is pie a fed to varie
it. But this is obfervable, that the longer it abides
blown open in the Sun, the paler, and the fewer
Stripes, Marks, or Spots, it will have -, it has the
Smell of a Damask Role, but weaker.

XV. The tenth, or the Cry ft a 1 Role. This is
very like to the la ft defer i bed, both for Stalk, Branch ,
and Lea). The Flower hereof is not much different
from it, being no great, large or double Role ; but
of a mean fize , jiriped and marked with a deeper
blufh or red, upon the pale colored Leaf -, fo that it
f corns in the marking and beauty thereof, to be a*
plcafint and beautiful as the Cryftal Gilliftower.
This even as the former does, foon fades and paffes
away , not yielding any great number of Flowers
any Tear.

'XVI. The eleventh, or Dwarf Red Rofe, or
Gilliftower Rofe. This always grows loiv and
f mailt, other wife in mofi ref pells it is like unto the
Common red Rofe, and with few or no Trickles
upon it : The Flowers or Rofes are double , thick,
J mall , and clofe, and not fo much fpread open as
the Ordinary Red, but fomewhat like unto the firfi
Double white Rofe, before defer ibed. Tet in fome
Gardens they blow more open, and are as even at
the tops of the Leaves as if they had been dipt off
with a pair of Sciffars , and are not of fo full a red
color as the Red Province Rofe, but of as weak
and poor a Smell as the Common red Rofe, or ra-
ther weaker.

XVII The twelfth , or Frankford Rofe. The
young Shoots of this Rofe are covered with a
pale purphjh Bark , fet with a good number of
fmall Trickles like Hairs , and the elder have but
very few Thorns. The Rofe has' a very great Bud
or Button under it, greater than in any other Rofe,
and is thick and double as a Red Rofe, but fo very
much fwelling in the Bud, that many of them break
before they can be fully blown, and then they are of a
pale Red Rofe color, viz. between a Red and a Da-
mask ; with a very thick, broad, and hard Unibone or
Tointel, andfhort yellow Threads or Thrums in the
middle -, the Husk of the Flower has long ends, which
are called the Beards of the Rofe, which in all others ,
are jagged in fome of them, but in this has no Jaggs
at all. The Smell thereof is near eft to that of the
Red Rofe.

XVIII. The thirteenth, w Hungarian Rofe. This
has green Shoots which are fet with many Trickles-,
and feldom grows higher than the Common red
Rofe; the Stem or Stock being much about that big-
nefs. The Rofe is as thick, great, and double , as
the Common red Rofe, and of the fame fafhion, of
a paler red color , and being nearly look'd upon, is
finely fpotted with faint Spots , as it were fpread
over the red-, the Smell of which is fomething
ftronger than the Smell of the Red Rofe of the
beft Kind.

XIX. The fourteenth, or Single Velvet Rofe.
The old Stock or St am of the Velvet Rofe is
covered with a dark colored Bark , and the young

Shoots with a fad green, with very few or almoft
no Trickles upon them. The Leaves are of a f ai-
der grecg color, than in mo ft forts of Rofes, and
very often feven on a Stalk, many of the red having
but Jive. The Rofe is /ingle, and when blown, is
a broad fpread Flower, confifting of five 0/ fix
broad Leaves , with many yellow Threads in the
middle.

XX. The fifteenth, or Double Velvet Rofe.
The Stock , Bark and Leaves of this are like thofe
of the Single Kind. The Flower or Role is double,
and has two rowes of Leaves-, the one large , which
are outermoft, the other f mailer within, of a very
deep red crimfon color, like unto Crimlbu Velvet,
with many yellow Threads alfo in the middle -, and
yet for all the double row of Leaves, thefe Roles
feem but like fingle Flowers.

XXI. There ' is another Double Velvet Rofe,
much more double than the Lift, confifting oftentimes
of 1 6 Leaves or more in a Rofe, and moft of them
of an equal bignefs , of the color of the Jird Single
Velvet Role, at SeQ. 19. above, or fomething
brisker but all of them a weaker Smell than the
Common red Role.

XXII. The f ixteenlh , or Rofe without Thorns
or Prickles fingle. This has fever al green fmooth
Shoots rifing up from its Root, without any Thorns or
Trickles at all upon them, neither whift they are
young, nor whi/eft they are old. The Leaves are
not fully fo large as thofe of the Red Rofe. The
Rofes are not much bigger than thofe of the Double
common Rofe ; they are not fully fingle , but Jhort ,
and of a pale red . ofe color , with divers pale
colored Veins, thro ’ every Leaf of the Flower,
which has caufed it to be called alfo. The Marbled
Rofe. It has but little Smeil, not full out fo ft rong
as that of the Red Rofe.

Rofe Bujh without Brickies.

XXIII. The feventeenth, or Double Rofe With-
out Thorns. Tl?is in its Shoots , Stocks, Branches,
Leaves and Buds, as alfo in its form and manner
of growing, is altogether like the former -, and dif-
fers from it only in its Flower. For in th/s, the
Role (which is a little larger alfo than the Double
Cinamon Rofe) has its Leaves thick fet together ,
and is very full of them , fhort alfo , and of the
fame pale red Role color, with pale colored Veins
running through every Leaf thereof ; the duplicity
of the Rofe making the chief difference from the
former .

6 F

XXIV. The

Salmon*

XXIV. The eighteenth , or Single Cinamon Rofe.

Tint bi« i« Shoots Something rei, yet not fored

os the Double Kind, with great Primes

atmoft like to thofe of the Eglantine Bulh, thereby
thawing, as well by the multiplicity of its Shoots ,
as the quicknefs of its growing , and. the height
of its Stem , its original Nature , which feems to
be of a Wild Kind originally. On the Stem and
Branches grow winged Leaves, fmetmes /even or
more together , which are /mil and green, yet like
unto unto other Rofes, which are Jingle, confijung
of five Leaves apiece. Something large and of a pale

XXV. " The nineteenth, or Double Cinamon Rofe.
This in its Stems, Branches, Leaves, Buds, color
and form of growing is altogether like the Single
Cinamon Rofe; and. differs chiefly tn the doub/enefs
of its flowers-, but in this the Shoots are redder -,
and it bears /mail. Short, thick and double Roles;
Something like unto the Rofe without Thorns or
Prickles, but a little leffer , of a paler red color at
the ends of the Leaves , and fomc thing redder and
brighter towards their middle , with many Jhort
1 h ums about the Center of the f lower. The Smell
both of this and of the Single Kind, is that of
Cinamon, from whence came the Name.

XXVI. The twentieth , or Single yellow Rofe.
This is Planted rather for variety than any thing
elfe. It often grows to a good height, its Stem being
great and Woody, with few or no Prickles upon the
old Wood-, but with a great number of J. mall Prickles
like Hairs, and thick Jet upon the younger Branches,
of a dark color. Sometimes redd'jh ; and the Bark
of the young Shoots being of a fad green reddijh
color. The Leaves of this Rofe Bufh are fm flier,
rounder pointed , of a paler green color, finely f nipt
about the edges, and more in number upon each mid-
dle Rib, viz. /even or nine, atithappens. It bears
a Small Jingle Rofe, confijlmg of five Leaves, not
Jo large as the Single Spanilh Musk Rofe, but
larger than the Eglantine, or Sweet Briar Rofe,
and of a fine pale yellow color, without any great
Smell whiff fre/h; but a little more (tW very
weak) when it is dry.

XXVII. The twenty firjt , or DouMe yellow
Role. This Rofe, by reafon of its Xfity, and
c weeding double nefs of its f lower , had it but an
anfwcrab/e Smell alfo, would have been orle of thofe
which might have obtained the hrghejl Effecm. In
the Stem or Stock , the young Shoots or Branches ,
the Small hairy Prickles, and the fmall winged
Leaves, it is altogether like unto the former Single
Kind. Thecbi'efeji difference confffs in the dupli-
city, or rather multiplicity of the Leaves of the
flower or Rofe, which is fo thick and double, that
very often it breaks out on one fide, or another,
fo that but few of them abide fair and. whole with
m in our Gardens. The caufe of which isfuppofed
to be the too great wet , or moifiure of our Air or
Weather, in the time of their flowering , too much
Rain hurting them, befides it is fo plentiful in young
Shoots or Branches , as alfo in flowers at the top of
every Branch, which for the mofl part, are fmall
and weak, that it is not able to bring all its flowers
to.perfettion , and therefore mofl of them fall or
■ wither away without coming to ripenefs. The Re-
medy which many ufe for this inconveniently is, to
nip away mofl of the Buds , leaving but fame few
upon a Branch, that fo the vigor of the Plant, may
be colleUed into a few flowers, and fo the more
eafily come to their pcrfefl beauty, which yet even
by this means is with difficulty afleUed. The Rofes
are of a yell cm jk green color in the Bud, and before
they are blown open-, but afterwards when fully
blown, are of a fair yellow color, very full of

Herbal. Lib. 1.

Leaves , with many Jhort hairs rather than Leaves
in the middle, and having Jhort , round, green,
frnooth Buttons or Heps , almojt jlat under them.
The flower being fully blown open, does fcarcely
give place for largenefs , thicknefs, and doublcnejs,
unto the Great double Damask Province, or Hol-
land Rofe. This Rofe Bufh or Plant is very ten-
der with us here about London, and requires more
care than the Single Kind does, which is hardy
enough. But. it thrives very well in a warm , dry
and free Air, and that in all or moll parts of the
Kingdom, more cfpecially if it is planted againji
a Wall, or be other ways defended from Rain and
Wet by covering it.

XXVIII. The twenty fccond , or Single Musk
Rofe. It rifes up oftentimes to a very great height ,
fo as to over grow any Arbor in a Garden, or being
fet by an Houfe fide , will rife up to ten or twelve
feet or more, with many green far fpread Branches,
armed with a few /harp and great Prickles, fuch
as the wilder forts of Roles have. The 1. eaves are
Small and of a dark green color, not much bigger
than the Leaves of Eglantine. The flowers come
forth at the tops of the Branches, many together,
as it were in a Tuft) which for the mojl part do
flower all at a time, or not long one after another ,
every one / landing on a pretty long foot Stalk,
of a pale whitifh or Cream color. The Rofes arc
fmall, confining of five Leaves apiece, with many
yellow Threads in the middle.

XXIX. The twenty third, or Double Musk
Rofe. This in its Stocks, or Stems , Branches,
Leaves , height, and manner of growing , is exalily
like the former Single Kind , the chief difference
between them is in the flowers, which in this are
double, and of the fame pale white, or Cream color,
as the Single Sort. The Rofes are furnifhed with
two or three rows of Leaves , with yellow Thrums
alfo in the middle. Both the Single and Double
Kinds have a very fweet and pleafing Smell, very
much refembling Musk.

XXX. The twenty fourth , or Double white Da-
mask Musk Rofe. This more truly may be called
the Double white Cinamon Rofe, from its Smell.
It has its Stem and Branches Jborter than the for-
mer, but as green. The Leaves are fomewhat lar-
ger, and of a whiter green color : The Flowers or
Rofes are alfo fomething larger than the former
Double Kind at Se£t. 29. above, but Band in
Tufts after the fame manner, or fomething thicker,
and of the fame whitifh color or a little whiter, and
fomething , a/tho but little , near the Smell ef the
la(i deferibed, but nothing fo Jirong. This flowers
at the times of other Rofes> or rather later , yet
much before the two former forts of Musk Rofes,
which Flower not till the end of Summer, or in
Autumn j both which things as to time of flowering
and Smell, fhew that it cannot be of the Species of
the Musk Rofes.

XXXI. The Twenty fifth , or Single Spanifh
Musk Rofe. This rifes up to the height of the
Eglantine , and fometimes higher , with fever al
great green Branches, the Leaves of which are lar-
ger and greener than any of the former Kinds of
Musk Rofes. The flowers are Single Rofes, con-
fifing of five whiter Leaves, than any of the former
Musk Rofes, and much larger, having fomet imes
an Eye of blufh in the white, of a very fweet Smell,
coming nearefl unto the lafl fort, at Seel. 30. as
alfo for its time of flowering.

XXXII. The twenty fixtb, or The lingle fweet
Eglantine , or Sweet Briar Rofe. This is well
known for the fweetnefs of its Leaves, and is
Planted almof in all Gardens, yet found growing
Wild in many Woods and Hedges. It has exceed-
ing

Chap, hoi* TLngUJh Herbs.

lni long green Shoots , armed with cruel Jharp^ and
ftrong Prickles , and thicker fet upon the Branches
and Stems , than on any other Role Bufh, whether
TVild w Garden. The Leaves are f mailer than
mojf of thofe which groin in Gardens, /even or nine
mod ujuallyfct together upon one middle Rib or winged
1‘mJ. , which arc very green, and Smell fweet , above
the Leaves of any other kind of Rofe. The Blowers
are f mall Single blufh Rofes, having little or no
Swells which being paft away leave behind them
Oops, which when ripe, are of a Jhinhtg Coral color ,
anl contain within them a downy fubfiance in
which the white hard Seed does lye.

XXXIII. T he twenty feventh, or Double fweeet
Eglantine,' or Double fweet Briar Rofe. This is
generally where ever it is planted , a Grafted Ro/e ,
oV / doubt not but its Original was Natural , and
n;, y be ma le to grow fo, naturally again. It grows
and fpreads very well , and will? a great head of
Branches , on which grow fuch like Leaves as in the
Single Kind, but a little larger , and not f melting
J-il/y f" facet . The flowers are fomething bigger
than the Jingle , but not much , having but only two
rrws of Leaves, the inner of which are fmatler and
vv out w >rd larger , of the fame pale reidifh purple
cvhr, but J welling fomething fweeter than the
Single

XXXIV. The twenty eighth, or Rofa menfalis,
tea Monthly Role. It is in all its parts like unto
if Damask Rofe ; an / in Italy is f aid to bear feven
Months w t be Lear, tho with us, we rarely find it
to bear above three or four, viz. in June, July,
Anguft, even to the end of September. The Rofes
are very like to the Damask, but fomething more
double, and not altogether fo fweet.

XXXI'. The twenty ninth , or Blufh Belgick
Rofe, Rofa Be/gica Rubicante. It has bigger Branch-
es an t fuller of Thorns or Prickles than mot)
other Roles. The Leaves are thicker , fhffer, and
and of a mhitjlh green color. The Flowers grow
many together on the ends of the Branches, which
are about the bignefs oj the ordinary Damask Rofes
but very thick and Double, of a fine pleafant pah
blufh color, and Jweet Smell. This is tie greeted
Bearer of all the Rofes; and the Diftilled Water
thereof. \ is ahnofl as good as that of the Damask.

XXXVI. The thirtieth, or Rofa Damafcena
variegira Elegaritior, the Beautiful variegated Da
mask Rofe. Ir is fomething like the Kola Cryftalli-
na, but only the Shoots are Shorter and redder, and
the Leaves f nailer. The Flowers are fomething
more double, and often better marked than cither
the Verficolor’d, or Cryftalline, at Seft. 14 and 15.

XXXVli. The thirty fir ji, or Kola Canina fiore
pleno, or Double IVi/d Briar Rofe. This in its
Stems, Branches and Leaves is like to the LelTer
White Role at Sett. y. aforegoing-, or to thofe of
the Single Wild Briar; but the Flowers are doubic
far which it is efteemed, and arc of a faint whitijh
blufh color , having but a weak Smell.

XXXVIII. The thirty fecond, or Rofa Mundi,
The Ro/e of the World. This differs not in any of
its parts from the Common red Rofe, but only in
the color of the Flowers , which in this are for the
mofl part red, of a pale blufh color, diver fly f pot ted.

fourth are Originally Englijh, for the Drycd Red
Rofes which come over to us from beyond Sea.
are not of the fame Kind with our Enghfh, nor
any wife to be compared to them, neither for
goodnefs not color. The Double fellow came to
US firft from Turky-, others from Holland mi. o-
tner Countries.

XL. The Times. The Cinamon Rofe is for the
molt part the earlieft : The Common Musk Rofes
both Single and Double , Flower Iarelt : all the o-
thers Flower much about one time, viz. from
the beginning of June, and all July till Augufl ■
and the Red, many times through the whole
"} °E Augufl, even till September.

XLt. The moft Efteemed of all thefe are I
Ol the Red Rofes-, the Rofa Mundi, Red Belgick
Rofe the Variegated, the Red P, -evince Rofe , and
the - Rofe without Thorns. JI. Of the Damask
Rojes-, the Cryflal Ro/e , the Beautiful Variegated
Damask Rofe, the Bluff Belgick Rofe, the Monthly
Rfijc, and the Damask Province Rofe. HI. Of the
Irl/ow Rofes-, the Scarlet Auflrian Rofe, and the
DoMe yellow Rofe. IV. Of the White Rafts 5 the
Blufh Rofe, and the Damask Musk Rofe. Thefe
are all excellent Rofes, and none of them ought to
be wanting in any good Flower Carden.

Of the Planting and Nitrfeing up ofl
Rofes.

urked and jiriped thro out every Leaf of the double
Flower, with the fame red color which is in the
Ordinary red Rofe, fo that iris the moft beauti-
ful to behold of all the Striped or Variegated Rofes,
yet known. The form of the Rofe and its Smell',
is like to that of the Common red Rofe. ’
XXXIX. The Places. Where many of thefe
were Originally Natives is hard to determin, now
they are all Natives with us in England,
and grow only in our Gardens. The firft and’

XLII Note. 1. All forts of Rofes are hardy,
and will endure the Froft in Winter-, and the ber-
ter the Sod is you fet them in, the better they
will thrive, and the Direr will be tile Flowers.
Tliey are generally difpofed in Rows and Hedges
and fupported and kept in on both fides. And dhe
leveral colored Rofes, imermixt and well placed
W,Ji na, r e IP exce,lent and beautiful Profpefi.

XUI.. JW. 2. All Stocks of Budded Rofes
are to be carefully kept from Suckers: and if the
Buds be placed near the Ground, afrer one Years
growth they may be laid in the Earth to Root
by which means it will become a Natural Bufh ’

d" jj° j Wr ,c\ is more worch than three that ate
Budded for that every Sucker which comes ftom
them will be of tile fame Kind, by which they
will be encreafed. But as all Rofe Bujhes are not
apt to yield Suckers, it will therefore be the fpeedi-
elf and molt certain way to lay down the Branches
or make Layers of them, and to put old well rot-
ted DuBg about the places nhere they are Lav’d
which will make them take Root the fooner.

XLIV. Note, a. There are tome Rofes which are
not fit to be Planted in Hedges, as the Musk Rofes ■
which Will not Bear at all, unlefs they growbv’
Lome high Wall, or Houfe fide, where 'they may
have liberty to grow to their full height, which is
commonly eight or nine Feet high. Alfo the
Double Fellow which is the molt unapt of all
others to bear kindly, and fair Flowers, except it
be ordered and taken care of in an efpecial manner •
for whereas all other Rofes are belt Natural this’
proves heft being Inoculated upon another Stock.
And whilelt others thrive and bear beft in the Sun
this thrives beft in the Shade.

XLV. l\ou ■ 4 The belt way then that is known
to ante thuDouble yellow Rofe, to bring forth Dir
and kindly flowers, lsdonethus; firft in the Stock
of a Franckford Rofe, near the Ground, put in
the Bud of th« Single yellow Rofe, which wit
quickly (hoot ro a good length; men half a Yard
higher than the place where the lame was BuddM
6 F a put’

956

Salmon .r Herbal. Lib. I.

put into it a Bud of the Double yellow Rofe , which
growing, the Suckers mult be kept from the Root,
and all the Buds rubbed off, except thofe of the
Kind defired, which being grown big enough to
bear (which will be in two Years) it mult in Win-
ter be Prun'd very near, cutting off all the fmaU
Shoots, and only leaving the biggeft, cutting oft
the tops of them alfo, as far as they are fmall.

XL VI. Note. 5. Then the next Spring, when the
Buds for Leaves, come forth, rub off the fmallelt
of them, leaving only fume few of the large!!,
which by reafon of the Strength of the Stock,
affords more nourilhment than any other : and by
the agreeable Nature of the Single yellow Rfe,
from whence it is immediately nourifhed, the
Shoots will be ldrong and able to bear out the
Flowers, (if they be not too many, which may be
prevented bv nipping oft the fmallelt Buds for
Flowers, leaving only fuch a number of the fail eft,
ua the Bufh may he able to bring to perfection,)
which fjulh fhould Hand fomething ihaded, and
npt • too much in the heat of the Sun:, and in a
Sciudjrt by it felf, rather than under a Wall.'

XLV11. Note. ,6. Ro/cs are alfo encreafed either
by Inoculating -the Buds of them into other Stocks,
or by laying do,\n the Branches in the Earth,
vva before hinted. The belt Stocks to be In-
oca heed upon, are, 1. The Damask. 2. Theft Hoitc.

3. Tiie Franiford. 4. And the Wild Eglantine.
The Belt time ro do it in, is about Midfomer , or
as foon as good Buds can be gotten.

XLVUI. Note. 7. After your Rofe Bujhcs have
done Bearing, rhey ought to be cut with the
Garden Sheers, v fomething near, and towards the
Spring, each Branch is 10 be' cut again with a
Juii I c, elute to, a Lear Bud ; and what is dead or
Superfluous is to be taken away. Thefe Rules be-
ing obferved you may expeft to reap a plentiful
Crop, and to obtain every Year, a good ftore ol
wav lair Rofes ■, when many times thofe which are
Natural, may notwirbftanding all the helps of In-
dultry, prove poor and mean or blafted.

. XLIX. Note. 8. The parrs of the Rofe \ t felf,
have alfo feveral particular Names, as, 1. Viburna,
which are the Shoots of the Rofe Plants, as Strabo
Gall, is, in. his Little Garden is pleas’d ro call them.
i. . Alabapri, are.thofe parts of the Cup which are
deeply cur, and which encompals the Flower clofe
about before it is opened, which be in number five,
two of which have Beards, and two have none,
and the fitch has but half one. 3. C alix, or the
Cup it felf, which conrains and holds in together
the .yellow part, and the Leaves of the Flower.

4. Ungws, or the Nails, which are thg lower
whire pares of the Leaves of the Flowers, by
which they are joined to the Cups. y. Anthos , in
Shops Anther a , Flos Rofx , The Flower of the
Rofe , c: the middle part thereof which they call
the Chives , and fome (tho’ falfly) the Seeds of
the Rofe. 6. Erutlm , Corallatum , the Hep or Fruit,
which comes after the Rofe, and which being ripe
is of a bright fnining Coral like color.

L. The Qualities. Mefucs fays, that the Rofe
is cold in the firtt Degree, and dry in the fecond.
Both the White and Red are cooling and drying,
but the White is taken to exceed the Red in both
thefe Properties. Galen fays, the Red has a bitter
and alfringent Qualiry with it j and that the An-
thers or yellow Threads in the middle of the Rofe ,
do bind more than the Rofe it felf, and are more
drying alfo. Alefues will have the Rofe to be com-
pounded of divers parts or fubftances4 viz. of a Wa-
tery temperate Subftance -, of Earthy drying Parts -,
and of a Volatile Aromatick Subfiance , which is
hot, whence comes its Rednefs , Perfection and

Form. The Bitternefs in the Rofes, viz. Damask •.
and Musk, whiift they are frefh, jeaufes their Ca-
thartick Quality , and makes them to purge both
Cholerick and Watery Humors, which it does not
appear that the Greeks knew any thing of * but
being dry, that bitternefs vanilhes, and therewith
their purging property, and then they have only
an aftringent, binding or flopping Power. Thofe
which are not full blown, do both cool and bind,
more than thofe which are full blown, and the
White more than the Red-, and the Red more than
the Damask or Musk Kinds. Alfo the Musk Rofes
both Single and Double , do Purge more powerfully
than the Damask , and the Single are held to be
ftronger than the Double , tho’ none of the Greeks
have taken notice hereof-, but Mefues the Arabian
only. And Camerarius fays, that 20 Leaves of the
Single Musk Rofe , will open the Belly, and Purge
the Body, but more are to be taken of the Double
Kind, to do the fame.

LI. The Specification. The White and Red , flop
Fluxes of the Bowels, and Catarrhs, are Vulnera-
ry, drying and healing, goodagainft Confumptions
and Ulcers of the Lungs, as alfo internal Ulcers
of the other Vifcera , as of the Stomach, Gutts,
Reins, jBladder , and Womb, comfort the
Head, Brain, and Nerves, and are good againft
Dileafes afflicting thofe parts, proceeding from
cold and moiflure.

LII. The Preparations. Out of Rofes the fol-
lowing Medicaments are made, viz. 1. Juice of
Red Rofes. 2. Liquid Juice of Damask and Musk
Rofes. 3. E (fence of Damask and Musk Rofes.
4. Decotfion of Red Rofes in Wine. y. Infufion of
Damask and Alusk Rojes in Wine. 6. A Decothon of
t he Heps. 7. A Simple Syrup oj Red Rofes. 8. A Syrup
of dryed Red Rofes. 9. A Syrup of the Juice of
Damask Rofes. 10. Syrupus Rofarum Odor at us.
11. Syrup of Damask and Musk Rofes. 12. Syrup
oj Rofes folut ive fimple. 13. Syrup of Rofes folu-
tive with Agarick. 14. Syrup of Rofes folutive
with Hellebor. iy. Syrup oj Rofes folutive with
Sena. 1 6. Julapium Alexanarinum , vel Syru\nis
Regius. 17. Julapium Rojatum , Julep of Rofes.

1 8. Mel Rojatum Commune , Honey of Roles. 1 9.
Mel Rofatum Colatum. 20. Mel Rojatum foluti-
vum. 21. Acetum Rofatum , Vinegar of Rofes.
22. T intture of Jr cfl) Red Rofes. 23. TintfuraRo -
farum ficcarum , Tinfture of dryed Red Rofes.
24. Lohoch Rofatum. 27. Conferve of Damask
Rofes. 2 6. Preferved Damask Rofes. 27. Sugar
of Rofes. 28. EleUuanum Rofarum Mynjichti.
29. Eletluary of Rofes. 30. Aloe Rofata. 31.
Ponder of Red Rofes. 32. Aromaticum Rofatum.
33. Diarrhodon Abb at is. 34. Ponder of the An the-
me. 37. Pouder of Damask and Musk Rofes. 3 6.
Dryed Leaves of Damask and Red Rofes. 37. Rofe
Cake. 38 .An Epitbem. 39. Oil of Rofes Om-
phacinc. 40. Oil of Rofes compleat. 41. Ointment
of Rofes. 42. A Cataplafm. 43. White Rofe Wa-
ter. 44. Red Rofe Water • 47. Damask Rofe Wa-
ter. 4 6. Spirit of Damask or Alusk Rofes. 47.
Oil or Fat of Rofes. 48. Potefiates Rcfarum. 49.
Elixir of Rofes. 70. Fixed Salt. Of all which
in order.

T he Virtues .

LIII. The Liquid Juice of Red Rofes. It
ftrengthens the Stomach, Heart, Liver, and Re-
tentive Faculty, flops the overflowing of the
Whites and Courfes in Women , Defluxions of
Rheum into the Eyes, and all forts of Fluxes of

LIV. The

Chap. 601. ‘Englijb Herbs.

95 1

the Bowels , as alfo Ulcers of the Lungs, Guts,
Reins, Bladder, and Womb. Dofe 2 or 3 Spoon-
fuls Morning and Night, in a Glafs of Red Styp-
tick Wine.

LI V. i he Liquid Juice of ’Damask and Musk
Rpfes. It has in a great meafure the Virtues of the
iuv/, helides which, it purges and cleanfes the Body
of cholerick and fiegrhatick Humors * eafes pains
arifing from heat, aflwages Inhumations, and
cauies Reft and Sleep. It alfo*gives eafe in the
(click, by purging off thofe acrimonious and fharp
Humors which cuufe it.

LY . The Life nee of Damask and Musk Rofes.
It has all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice , Works
lately and eafily, and may be given Morning and
Night, from 2 Spoonfuls to 4, in a Glafs of warm
White Port Wine, or in Poffet Drink, or Water-
Gruel, or Mutton Broth.

LY I. The Decottion of Red Rofes in Wine. It is
very good again!! the Head-ach, and pains in the
I yes, Ears, Throat and Gums; as alfo the Intefii-
tuim Tpttitm , and Womb, being Injefled into
them : and the other parts bathed therewith. Taken
inwardly , it is faid to give eafe in themoft excru-
ciating Pains of the Colick. In this laft Cafe,

I am of Opinion the Infufion would be better
to be made in Anifeed Water than in Wine.

LY II. The Infufion of Damask or Musk Rofes in
Wine. It purges and cleanfes the Bowels, and
whole Body, from Choler, Flegm, andV'ifcous,
Tarturous and Slimy Humors, and therefore is
profitable again!! the Griping of the Guts, Colick,
or dry Beliy-ach, Stone, Gout, and other like Di-
feafes, proceeding from thofe Humors.

LV III. The Decottion of the Heps. It may be made
in White Port Wine , or in Water , or in an equal
mixture of thofe two. It is of good ufe again!!
Spitting or Vomiting of Blood, Pilling Blood, or the
Bloody Flux, and all other Fluxes of the Bowels.

LIX. The fimple Syrup of Red Rofes. It is
nude altogether as L you make Syrup of Clovegilli-
fiowers , in a boiling Balneo. Alfo if you pleafe , in
feed of Water , yommay ufe a firong Styptic k fort
of Red Wine, as Alicant , Barcelona , or Bar abar
Wine , Ific. It ftops all manner of Fluxes of Blood
by Mouth, Urinary parts, Womb, and Fundament $
ftops Fluxes of the Bowels, a Gonorrhoea in Men j
and the Whites in Women, is good again!! naufe-
oufnefs and Vomiting , and profitable again!!
Coughs, Colds, and Catarrhs. Dofe a quarter of a
Pint at a time, more or lefs, 2, 3, or 4 times a day.

LX. The Syrup of dryed Red Rofes. Take
Spring Water 4 Pints , let it boil , and then inf ufe in
jt.t Jome at a time , of dryed Red Rofes 8 Ounces :
the next day prefs them out -, and with 2 Pounds of
Sugar , make a Syrup by boiling according to Art.

It comforts and ftrengthens the Heart and Spirits,
binds, ftops‘ Fluxes , ftops Vomiting, and has all
the V irtues Of the former made of thefrefh gather-
ed Rofes. *

LXI. Syrupus e fucco Rofarum Damafenarum ,
Syrup of the Juice of Damask Rofes. It is pre-
pared without Maceration , only with the Juice of
Damask , or Musk Rofes preffed out and. Clarifi-
ed, with an equal proportion of Sugar. It purges
Choler, Flegm, and watery Humors, which it does
without any Violence, cools, and alfo ftrengthens
the Bowels. It is a folutive Syrup , familiar, fate, and
gentle, good again!! the Cholick or dry Belly-ach, be-
ing given from 1 Ounce to 2, 3, or 4 Ounces at a time,
in Clarified Whey, or fome other proper Vehicle.

LXII. Syr up its Rofarum Odor at us. Sweet or per-
fumed Syrup ot Roles. It is made of the Diflilled
Water of Red Rofe Leaves one part , with treb-
ble refined Sugar 2 parts -, melting them into a

Syrup in B. M. to which is added fome few Grain *
°J prepared Musk and Ambergrife. It is refrigera-
ting, cordial and ftiengrhening, and ufed as a Ve-
hicle to convey other Medicines in. Dropt into
the Eyes 4 or 5 times a day, i.t clears the Sight
and takes off Clouds, Mills, Blood-fhor, Ufe. It
is many times ufed with Gargarifms, Wafhcs, and
Jnjecnons, inllead of Hon of Rofes , to palliate
cleanfe, and heal old Sores, running Ulcers, Filfu-
Ia s, Cfc. The beft way to perfume it, will be
by adding to every Pint of the Syrup , $o Drops
more or lefs of the Tintture of the Perfumes'. ; and
not the Perfumes in Subftance. It will be beft to
be given without being Perfumed, efpecially if
Nthey be apt to have Vapors, Hyfterick Fits, Wc.

LX III. Syrup of Damask and Alusk Rof es. It is
made of the Leaves of Damask and Musk Rofes in
equal quantities, exattly, as you make the Syrup of
Rofes folutive fimple in the next Sett ion. It pur-
ges admirably well, and yet with genrlenefsor eafi-
nefs, and is peculiar again!! the Colick or dry Belly
ach, and the vehe'mency of the cholerick Fermen-
tations. Dofe from 1 Ounce to 3 , in any proper
Vehicle.

LX IV. Syrupus Rofaceus folutivus fimple x.
Syrup of Rofes folutive fimple. Take Spring
Water boiling hot a Quarts -, Damask Rofe Leaves
f refit, as many as the Water will contain, digefi in
a Veffel clofe ft opt 1 2 Hours : then prefs them out,
and put in f refit Rofe Leaves as many at before,
the Water being warmed anew : repeat this again
? or 4 times, cncreafing the quantity of the R.-fcs, as
the Liquor enerpafes, which will be by aim of a third
ParL every time. Take of this Liquor three parts :
double refined Sugar two parts : mix and make a
Syrup in Balneo. It purges Choler, Flegrn and
watery Humors, gently and eafily, cools and foftens
the Belly, expels Flegm out of the Stomach, and
has all the Virtues of the Syrupus c fucco at Sett.
60. aforegoing, you may give from 1 to 4 Ounces
of it at a time, according to age and ftrength, in
Clarified Whey, Sack Whey, Poffet Drink, Mut-
ton Broth, Cfc.

L XV. Syrupus Rofaceus folutivus cum Agarico ,
Syrup of Rofes folutive with Agarick. Take A-
garick very thin fliccd 2 Ounces -, Ginger very thin
file ed half an Ounce', Sal Gem 2 Drams-, Polypody
grofiy bruifed 4 Ounces -, Jprinkle them with White
Wine : Digefi litem 2 days over warm Afites, or
Su/id heat , in an Infufion of Damask Rofes 3
Pounds : exprefs out the Liquor, and with white
Sugar 1 Pound , boil into a Syrup according to Art.

It is ftronger and more effeffual in Working than
the Simple Syrup -, lor one Ounce thereof by it felf,
will open the Body more than 2 Ounces of the
other, and Works as much on Flegm and Water,
as on Choler. It cleanfes rhe Stomach and Liver
of Choler, provokes llrine, ftrengthens the Stomcah,
and ftops Yromiting. Dole from an Ounce to 3
Ounces. If you would have the Syrup more
effectual, it will be beft to take Agaric k 2 Ounces,
and to make into a Syrup with Sugar fir ft, Icaft you
loofe the force of the Agarick by boiling.

LX VI. Syrupus Rofaceus folutivus cum Hdleboro,
Syrup of Rofes folurive with Hellebor. Take the
Rinds of all the Myrobalans, of each 4 Ounces-,
Epithymum , Polypody , of each 6 Ounces : Liquorice
4 Ounces : Seeds of Citrdris 2 Ounces •, Cloves 1
Ounce, cut and grof sly bruife them-, put them into
a Glafs Cucurbit , upon which a ff ufe of the afore >
mentioned Infufion of Damask 'Rofes 6 Quarts
digefi 24 Hours , and then Diftill off till about 3
Pints remain. The remainder with the Ingredients
exprefs firongly, and cLwfic it with whites of Eggs.
Afterwards take Sena l Ounces Roots of black

Hellebor

Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. I.

Hellebor 6 Drams -, Rheubarb , 2 Ounces being pre- 'It Works gently and eafily, makes the Belly folu*
pared-, Ext rail with the before Di filled Water, by \ ble, and purges ofF Choler, Flegm, and Watery

Humors, and gives fpecial eafe in the Colick.

LXXIU. Acet urn Rofatum, Vinegar of Rofes.
Take Red Rofe Buds gathered in a dry time, the
whites cut off , and dryed in the Sun a Pound -,
Wine Vinegar 6 Quarts Jet them in the Sun 40
days: then ft rain out the Vinegar, and repeat the
Infufion zvith frefh Rofes. It comforts the Head
and Stomach, flops Vomiting, caufes a good Ap-
petite, reprefies Incarnations, and cools the heat of
Fevers, whether outwardly or inwardly ufed.

LXXIV. Tinftura Rofarum Bateana, Tinfture of
frefh Red Rofes. Take Red Rofes exungulated
an Ounce-, Fountain Water boiling hot 5 Pints -
Oil of Vitriol , 60 Drops -, Digefi 3 Hours , and
to the clear Tinfture , aid vjhite Sugar Candy in
Pouder 6 Drams. It refrigerates in Fevers, and
comforts the Liver, helps Concoftion, flops Fluxes,
as alfo the overflowing of the Terms. Dofe 2
Ounces to 4. It is a pleafing Julep to the allay heat
in Fevers and quench Thirft, and is of good ufe
to he given in the Mealies and Small Pox, if any
Flux be prefent, or feared. It is alfo of approved
fuccefLin the Plague, and all malign or Pettilen-
tia! Fevers-' deflroying the Root of the Morbifick
Caufe. It may be given as a Cordial after this
manner. Take of this Tinfture or Julep 3 Ounces -
Spirit of Saffron an Ounce-, Tinfture of Antimony
?o Drops, mix for a draught againft Faintings',
Swoonings, ficknels at Stomach, Palpitation of the’
Heart. In all continent, continual, and vehemently

--v — » - burning Fevers, it may be thus given. Take Spring

added to it, it will make it fo much the gratefuller, Water a Pint-, of this Tinfture half a Pint : Syrup

a double or trebble Infufion or Coftion , and expref
fing-, which with the afore clarified Liquor, and
flue Sugar Candy 5 Pounds, make a Syrup in Balneo ,
according to Art. It opens obftruftions of both
Liver and Spleen, and prevails againtt Melancholy,
Frenzy and Madnefs. Dofe from 1 Ounce, to 2 or
more, at a time in Clarified Whey, or Borage or
Fumitory Water. It is belt to be taken in a fmaller
Dofe, andoften.

LX VI I. Syrupus Roficeus folutivus cum Sena,
Syrup of Roles folutive with Sena. Take Sena 6
Ounces -, Caraway and Sweet Fennel Seed , of each
half an Ounce -, fprinlde them zvith White Wine,
and digeft them two days, in the aforementioned In-
fo fin oj Damask Rojes 2 Quarts-, then firain out ,
an l zvith zvhite Sugar tzvo Pounds, boil it into a
Syrup. It is an excellent thing to purge Melan-
choly , open obftruftions and eafe pains of the
Spleen, Wind, Cfc. and all Difeafes proceeding
from thofe Caufes : it eafes the Head and Heart,
comforts the Stomach, revives the Spirits , and

nefs in Virgins,
ik Infufion of

prevails againft the Green-fit
Dofe from t Ounce to 3, in.-*—-,

Sena in Clarified Whey, or White Port Wine.

LX VIII. Julipium AlexanfBnum, vcl Syrupus
R eins, The Cordial Julep, 'fake Red Rofe Water
2 Quirts double refined Sugar a Pound , mix and
mike a Julep. It is a delicate cooling Cordial, re-
freshing' Nature , chearing the Heart and reviving
the Spirits, good againtt Fevers, Faintings and
Swoonings. If a few Drops of Oil of Sukfour he.

and fo much the more cooling.

LX IX. Julapium Rifat um. Julep of Roles^
It is prepared of Damask Rofe Water, in the fame

of Violets 4 Ounces -, mix them :
ettink thereof at Pleafure.

and let the Sick

LXXV. Tinftura Rofarum Siccarum , Tinfture

manner as the former Cordial Julep. It has all of Dryed Rofes. Take exungulated Red Rofes
the Virtues of the former, comforts the Head , I dryed an Ounce -, Spring Water 2 Quarts-, reftified
Brain and Animal Spirits, befides which it is fa id , Oil of Sulphur a Dram -, In fife in a warm Balneo
to be binding) and to (top all forts of Fluxes of the for 4 Hours -, firain , and dffolve in it fine white
Bowels. And if it is Impregnated with fom e Sugar 6 Ounces: and then filter through Brown

tew Drops of Oil of Sulphur, it effeftually Hops
Vomiting, and reprelfes all Burning and Malign
Fevers.

Paper. It cools, comforts and digefts, is excellent
in all Burning Fevers, aod has all the Virtues of
the former.

LXX. Mel Rofatum Commune , The common
Honey of Rofes. Take Red Rofes not quite opened ,

2 Pounds-, Honey -6 Pounds: Jet them in the Sun
according (■? Art. Or thus, l'ake of the manifold
Infufion of red Rofes 5 Pints : Clarified Honey 4
Pcunds: mix and boil to the thickncfs of Honey.
It (Lengthens the Stomach •, heals Sores and Ulcers
of the Lyes * cleanfes and heals Ulcers of the
Mouth and Throat-, as alfo Ulcers in the Secret
parts of Man or Woman-, and is ufed inClylters
to heal Ulcers of the Guts, being diffolved in Milk
or Fat Btoth.

LXXI. Mel Rofatum colatum , Honey of Rofes
Brained. Take Honey dcfpumated in Balneo ig
Pounds-, Juice of Red Rofes 1 Pound-, fet them
conveniently over the Fire, and when they begin to
boil, put in frefh Red Rofes (the Whites being cut
off ) 4 Pounds -, confume the Juice by boiling and
flirt ing, then firain out, and keep if- for ufe. The
Virtues and life of this, are altogether the fame
with the former. It is fometimes mixed with In-
jeftions for the cure of a Gonorrhoea, and other
Venereal Ulcers.

LXXI I . Mel Rofatum Joint hum : Honey of
Rofes folutive. Take of the manifold Infufions of
Damask Rofes 5 Pints: Honey well Clarified 4
Pounds: mix and boil them to the thicknefs of
Honey. This has all the Virtues of the former
Homes. But befides being taken inwardly, from
1 Ounce to 3 (according to Age, Accidents, C?c.)

LXXVI. Tinftura Rofarum Compofita, Tinfture
of Rofes Compound. Take new made Whey Clari-
fied, 3 Quarts : and whi/efi it boils, put into it
Red Rofes 6 Drams ( but double the quantity would
do better) Tamarinds an Ounce and half-. Spirit or
Oil of Vitriol a Scruple -, let the boiling ceafe but
zohilfi it is hot , caflt in f refit Red Rofes bruifed 3
Ounces -, Corn Poppies, and Violets, of each half an
Ounce -, Digeft in a warm Place for fomc Hours :
and being cold, firain and filter -, and to the filtered
Liquor add Damask Rofe Water 3 Ounces. Jr is in-
tended againtt Melancholy, inward Inflamations
heat of the Liver, Pleurify, £fV. Where note’
that inftead of Whey you may ufe Lattice, Pur-
flane, or Poppy J Cater. Dofe from 1 Ounce to 2
or more.

LXX VII. Lohoch Rofatum Mynfichtti Lohoch of
Rofes. Take Con/crve of Red Rofe slang'd zvith
Spirit of Sulphur, 4 Ounces -, Lohoch off Colts foot
prepared zvith Sugar 2 Ounces *, Species Diarrhodon
abbatis 1 Ounce-, fine Bole, Juice of Liquorice, of
each 2 Drams, Saffron l Dram-, Flowers of Benja-
min , leffer Cardamoms, Mace, of each, half a
Dram-, An fated B a If am of Sulphur a Scruple •
Chymical Oil or Spirit of Rofes 6 Grains -, mix and
with fome Peftoral Syrup make a Lohoch'. fr is good
againtt violent Coughs, Colds, Catarrhs, difficulty
of Breathing, F.x ulcerations of the Brett and
Lungs, Spirting of Blood, Confumptions , Wc.
Dofe the quantity of a Chefi-Kut.

LXX\ III. Con-

0

Chap. 601. ‘Englijb Herbs.

9 59

LXXVIII. Conferve of Damask Rofes. Take
frefh Damask Rofes the whites being cut off a
Pound , beat them in a. MoKtMmJo & Tiilp, adding
a double proportion of white Sugar , as they are a
• beating ; but the Apothecaries have now a much bet-
ter way of doing it , which is by paffing them through
a Miff which makes the Mafs or Conferve fmooth
and uniform. It gently opens the Belly and
Purges, and has the Virtues of the Syrup of
Damask Rofes ; but is clogg’d with more earthy
parts; and therefore Binds after it has done
purging.

LXXIX. Damask Rofes Preferved. It is
done either by laying the Flowers, Stratum fuper
f) rat urn, with double refined Sugar , and a double
quantity of Sugar : Or by making the double quanti-
ty of Sugar into a Syrup with Damask Rofe Water ,
and then pouring it on them: but in this laft
way, the Syrup muft be made very high or thick ,
and be fomewhat thicker, than new Honey. It
has the Virtues of the Conferve aforegoing, and
operates exaftly after the fame manner.

LXXX. Elettuarium Rofatum Mynfichti , Electu-
ary of Rofes, called alfo Zinzibar Rofatum t or
Ginger Rofate. Take Conferve of Red Rofes Vitrio-
latcd J 2 Ounces ; Green Ginger Preferved 4
Ounces ; Oil of Cinnamon, a Scruple-, Oil of C*o'vcf.
half a Scruple: mix, and with Syrup of Violets
Vit Violated, make an EJdluary. It comforts the
Heart and Stomach, ftrengthens the Digeftion, ex
cites Appetite, takes away Loathing, and flops
Vomiting. It recreates the Spirits, chears the Vi-
tals, refills putrifaction, expels Wind, gives eafe
in the Cholick, and is a famous and prefent Reme-
dy againft all cold Difeafes of the Head, Stomach,
or Womb. Dofe 2 or 3 Drams.

LXXX I- Saccharum Rofatum Tabulation, Sugai
of Rofes Tabulated. Take Red Rofes exungulated,
and dried, carefully, in the Sun an Ounce ; double
refined Sugar a Pound ; melt the Sugar ip Red Rofe
J Voter, and Juice of the fame, of each 2 Ounces-,
in a gentle Balnco ; con fume the humidity by degrees ,
and put in the Rofe Leaves in Ponder , mix them
well, then- put it upon a Marble, that it may be
made into Lozenges according to Art. Thefe Lo-
zenges comfort the Head, Biefl, Lungs, and Liver;
flay Vomiting, flop Fluxes, and are good for fuch
as are in Conlhmprions. Dole from a Dram to 2
Drams, or more Morning, Noon, and Night.

LXXXII. Elettuarium Ref arum Mynfichti ,
Electuary of Rofes. Take Conferve of Red Rofes
Variolated a Pound and half ; Rob of Barberries,
Rob of Englifl) Currants , of each a Pound-,
Syrup of the Juice of Citrons, and of the
Juice of unripe Grapes, Oxyficcharum , of each
half a Pound-, Citron Peels Condited, Pulp of
Citrons Candied, Species Diarrhodon abb at is fpr ink-
led with Spirit of Vitriol, of each 5 Ounces ; Ni-
tre prepared, an Ounce and half: mix and mafic an
Elettuary, adding a little firong Cinamon Water.
It cools and moiftens the heat of Fevers, allays
Thirft, and takes away all preternatural heats
whatsoever to a Wonder. It ftrengthens the Sto-
mach, flops Vomiting, prevails in the Cholerick
paflion, heals a Dyfentery, and cures Contagious
Difeafes. It comforts the more noble Members, as
the Heart , Stomach , Liver , Spleen , Reins , and
other Vifcera , it opens their obftruftions, and pre-
ferves them from Putrefaftion. It flops bleeding
at Nofe, reprefles the Vomiting of Choler, and is
profitable againft Calentures. Dofe from a Dram
to half an Ounce, two or three times a Day, or
oftener.

LXXXIII. Aloe Rofata, Rofed Aloes. Take
Aloes Succotrina and clear , which reduce into

Poudcr, 4 Ounces ; Juice of Damask Rofes depu-
rated a Pound-, mix and digeft in the Sun , or in
Balneo, till the fuperfluous moiflure is evaporated :
repeat this digeftion and evaporation four times,
and make a Mafs for Pills according to Art. k
purges Qholer and Flegm excellently, cleanfes
and ftrengthens both Head and Stomach, frees the
the Bowels from evil Humors 1 TauTes Digeftion,
excites Appetite, flops Fluxes, and is good againft
the Yellow Jaundice. Dofe from half a Dram to
a Dram in the Morning Falling.

LXXXIV. Pouder of Red Rofes. It ftrengthens
the Heart, Stomach, and Liver, fortifies the reten-
tive Faculty, eafes pain from a hot Caufe, allays
Inflamations , induces Reft and Sleep , flops the
Whites and Terms in Women, all Fluxes of the
Belly, and heals a Gonorrhoea in Men. Dofe a
Dram, or more , in Syrup of Red Rojes ; or made
up into Pills with Chio Turpentine, to be taken at
Night going to Bed. It is (fo ufed) profitable
alfo againft Ulcers of the Reins, Ureters, and
Bladder.

LXXXV. Aromaticum Rofatum, The Rofe
Aromarick. Take Red Rofes exungulated 1 ?
Drams ; Liquorice 7 Drams ; Xy loaloes, Yellow
Sanders, of each 3 Drams ; Cinamon ? Drams:
Cloves, Mace, of each 2 Drams and half ; Gum
Arabick, Tragacanth, of each 8 Scruples ; Nut-
megs , Greater Cardamoms, Galangal, of each I
Dram -, Indian Sphknard, Ambergrife , of each 2
Scruples -, Musk 1 Scruple ; make a Pouder ac-
cording to Art ; which keep in a Glafs clofe flopt
for ufc. It is a great Cordial , ftrengthens the
Head, Brain, Nerves, Heart, Stomach, and
Womb; makes a good Appetite and ftrong Di-
geftion, expels Wind powerfully , and prevails
againft the Cholick, Griping of the Guts, Epikp-
fy. Apoplexy and Palfie: it drys up Catarrhs, and
rcflores in Confumptions. Dofe from a Scruple to
a Dram, Morning and Night.

LXXX VI. Diarrhodon Abbatis , The Abbats Con-
fe£t of Rofes. Take Red Rofes exungulated 12
Drams ; of Red and White Sanders, each 2 Drams
and half-. Ivory , Gum Arabick, Tragacanth , of
of each 2 Scruples Afar abacca Roots, Indian Spick-
nurd, Maffick, Cardamoms , Cinamon , Liquorice,
Saffron, Xyloaloes, Cloves, Gallia Mofchata , Seeds
of Anife and Fennel, Seeds of Bafil , of Barberries, of
Succory, of Pur fane, the four greater cold Seeds clean-
fed, White Poppy Seed, of each a Scruple ; Pearls,
Bone of a Stags Heart , of each half a Scruple $
Camphir 7 Grains ; Musk 4 Grains ; make all into
a Pouder according to Art. It is a delicate cool-
ing Cordial Pouder, PeUoral and Carminative :
It is Stomatick, and Stops Fluxes of the Bowels.
Dofe from half a Dram to a Dram and half

LXXX VII. Pouder of the Anther*. The An-
ther* are the yellow Threads in the middle of the
Rofe-, (which fome tho1 erronioufly, call the Seed.)
Thefe Anther* of the Red Rofe efpecially being
made into Pouder, and drank in the Dijiilled Wa-
ter of Quinces, flops the overflowing of the
Courfes in Women; and is a powerful Remedy
againft Catarrhs, and other defluxions of Rheum
upon the Gums ‘and Teeth, and is faid to preferve
them from Corruption : and fallens them if they
be loofe, being mixed with Vinegar of Rofes, and
the Mouth and Teeth be wafhed and gargled there-
with.

LXXXV III. The Pouder of Damask and Musk
Rofes. Taken to a Dram or Dram and half, in
Whey of Goats Milk, it opens the Bowels, and
Purges the Belly of Flegm , Choler and Watery
Humors, much like as the Syrup does, as Coft*us
in his Comment upon Mefues lays.

LXXXIX.

960

Salmons Herbal Lib. I.

LXXX1X. The dried Leaves of Damask and
Red Rifes. The dried Leaves of the Damask and
Musk Rofcs ferve chiefly for Sweet Rags. Bur
their Infufion in Clarified Whey, or White Tori
Wine, gently open and purge the Body, moreefpe-
cially if it is dulcified with Manna , or Syrup of
Violets. The Dried Leaves of the Red Rofes are
ufed in Deco ft ions and Infufions , both inwardly and
outwardly, as a Cordial , and to cool, bind ,
ftrengthen, flop Fluxes of the Bowels, and eafethe
Cholick.

XC. The Rofe Cake, if it is moiftned
with Vinegar oj Rofes , or with Vinegar of Rofes
mixt with Rofe Water , and cut fit to the place it is
to be applied to , It is faid to eafe the Head-ach,
and unquietnefs thereof, and to procure Reft and
Sleep.

XCI. The Epithem. Take Damask Rofe Leaves ,
either frefh or dryed , moiften them with Vinegar oj
Rofes , ajter they have been a little heat between a
double folded Cloth or Taper in a Trying Tan , or be-
fore the Fire , then ftrew upon them a little Grated ,
Nutmegs and Toppy Seed , on that fide which is to
ly next the Skin , and apply it to the Tore-head and
; Temples , and l'o bind it on all Night, it eafes the
Head of Pain, and caufes Reft , Quietnefs and
Sleep.

XC II. Oleum R.faccum 0mphacinum,0\\ of Rofes
Omphacine. Take Red Rojes exKngulatcd not yet
ripe, and bruifed in a Stone Mortar with a Wodden
Jpejl/e , 4 Ounces ; Oil Omphacine fever al times
zcajhed a Pound : mix, and expofe them in a Gla/s
dofc fl opt, to the Sun for a whole Week , Jhaking
them even Toy, then boil them gently in Balnea :
prrfs them out, and put in frefh Rofes, doing in like
manner , and repeat a third time , and keep the Oil
upon one Pound of Juice of Rofes. It cools and
lengthens, and eafes pain proceeding from a hot
Caute: it flops the Flux of Humors, cools the
Head, Stomach, and Joints, and extinguiflies an
Eryfpelds. _ , „

XC! 1 1. Oleum Rofaceum comp let um, Oil of Rofes
compleat. h is made in the fame manner of Jweet
and ripe Oil Olive , often wafhed , and Red Rofes
jully blown, bruifed , and fet in the Sun , and gently
boiled in Dalneo -, letting the third Infufion ft and in
the Sun forty Days , and then to keep the Oil and
Rofes together without Exprejfton. It is Anodyn,
Emollient, and Arthritick, and has the Virtues of
the former, but islefs cooling hnd binding.

XC1Y. Unguent urn Rof at urn. Ointment of Rofes.
Take frefh Hogs Lard , cleanfcd and well wafhed , a
Pound 1 frefh Red Rofe Leaves a Round -, mix and
digeft 7 Days then boil with a gentle Tire , and
ft rain out. Repeat the fame Work with frefh Rofes
' bruifed , for 7 Days more , then boil and ftrain out
cu 1 before . At length affufe Juice of Red Rofes
half a Tint Oil of Sweet Almonds 2 Ounces •, boil
them with a gentle Tire to the confumption of the
Juice : ftrain out , and make an Ointment accord-
ing to Art. It is Anodyn, cooling, and refrefh-
ing: it llrengthens weak, pained, and wearied
Limbs, heals gaulings and frettings of the Skin,
angry Puftles, Wheals, Tettars, Ringworms, and
clears the Head , and other parts from ScurfI ,
Morphew , and other like Leprous Defilements :
having all the Virtues of both the Oils of Rofes.

XCV. The Cataplafm. It Is made of frefh
Red Rofes beaten to a Tulp , and either boiled foft
with Vinegar of Rofes-, or not boiled, adding Vinegar
of Rofes, and Touder of the Anther a, or Touder
of Balauftians. This being applyed hot to the
throat and Jaws, is good againft pains in the
Ears, Throat, and Gums : applyed to the Funda-
ment, it is good againft the Piles, and flops their

exceffive Bleeding. Applied to the Region of the
Heart, it prevails againft its Palpitation, allays In-
flamations, cutes Anthony's Fire, and is good againft
molt Difeafes of the Stomach. Applied to the
Joints , it ftrengthens them, and gives eafe in the
Gout.

XCVI. White Rofe Water. It is ufed as an
Ophthalmic^, is excellent good to cool Inflamed
Eyes, flop the fluxion of Rheum, and eafe their
pain. Take white Rofe Water a Stuart -, choife
Brandy a Tint ^ Honey 4 Ounces Touder of Coche-
nele half an Ounce -, mix, dijfolve , digeji, and keep
the Water upon the Touder for Ufe. It is truly a
moft excellent Eye Water.

XCVII. Aqua Ro far urn Ruhr arum. Red Rofe
Water. It is well known, and of familiar ufe
almoft upon all occafions. It is Cooling, Cordial,
Anodyn, Refrefhing, and Chearing the weak and
fainting Spirits , whether ufed inwardly in
Draughts, or Broths, as Bar/y Broth, Chicken
Broth, Veal Broth, &c. or ufed outwardly to bath
with, as the Forehead , Temples, Noftrils, Efc.
to eafe their pain, heat, Cfc. befides it has all the
Virtues of the White Rofe Water , being ufed as an
Ophthalmick.

XCVIII. Aqua Rofarum Damafcenarum , Damask
or Musk Rofe Water. Take Damask or Musk
•Rofe Leaves, as much as you pleafe , and without
bruiftng put them into a Common Still, and draw off
the Water with a gentle Tire without burning, till
the Rofe Leaves are dry. Or thus , Take whole
Damask or Musk Rofes, as many as you pleafe (i. e.
The Rofe Leaves not exungulated) beat them in a
Mortar , and in a fit Veffel aft ufe on them a good
quantity oj fair Water, which digeft together for a
Day or two , and then Diftill with a good Tire in a
Copper Vefica Tinned within , as is ufual : You will
find upon the top of the Water fome few Drops
of a very Sweet and Odoriferous Oil , called by
fome Adept Rofarum , which if you pleafe you
may feparate from the Water. Or thus, Take
Damask or Musk Rofes , bruife them as before, and
then put them ‘into a Wooden Veftel with a narrow
Mouth, laying them Stratum Super ftratum with
Salt in fine Touder , and fo much on top, as may
'over-top all 3 or 4 Inches, ftop the Veftel clofe with Cork
and Pilch, and let it ft and in a Cellar for a Month, 2,
or 3, then Diftill by a Copper Vefica, fo will you have
a moft odoriferous Rofe Water, much exceeding all
thofe which are Diftilled the common ways. Or
thus, Take Damask or Musk Rofes , and macerate
them in Canary, or White Lisbon, or Madera Wine,
jor a Week or more, then Diftill in a Copper Vefica
as before. This is indeed a much fhorrer way, but
far inferior to that of pickling with Salt, becaufe
in this you have a mixture of Spirit of Wine,
with your Water -, whereas, the other is the pure
Water alone. It is Cordial, and chears the Heart
and Spirits, and is generally mixt with Cordial
Waters and Medicaments, to make them the more
acceptable. Cojheus in his Commentary upon
Mefues , fays, that 10 Ounces of Damask Rofe
Water drank in a Morning Faffing, does open
and purge the Belly. If it will do this of its
felf , it will do it much beter if it be fweetned
with Syrup of Violets , or with Syrup of Rofes
folutive.

XC1X. Spirit us Rofarum Damafcenarum &
Mufchatarum, Spirit of Damask or Musk Rofes.
Take blowers of Musk or Damask Rofes 40 or 50
Pounds, bruife them in a Stone Mortar with a Wooden
Teftle , and ftreio them by degrees with Bay Salt
finely Touder ed 4 Pounds-, put the whole into a large
Earthen Jar with a narrow Mouth-, croud the
Tlowers hard in, and ftop the Mouth of the Veftel fo

firmly

Chap. 6o/ linglijh Herbs.

firmly with Cork and Pitch , Bo fin cr melted 1 1 ax,
that no Air may penetrate it. Set theVeffel fo ft opt,
in a Cellar for 6, 8, id or 1 2 Weeks : fo will the blow-
ers when open have a kind of Acid and Wine like
Smell, which A a fign of their Fermentation, 'lake
of thefe Fielded Flowers 6 or 7 Founds, put them
into a Gla/s Cucurbit, and in Balneo Diflil to drynrfs.
Take the Faces out of the Cucurbit , and put in again
6 or 7 Founds more of the /aid Flowers, and the
jirft Dili died Water, and diflil in a Sand heat ,
icith a gentle Fire , till the humidity Is almoft all
come over. Then put in new Flowers, pouring upon
them the left Diflilled Water, and diflill again as
aforejaid, repeating this Work fo long as you have
any Flowers. T bis done , to make a Kell ideation.

I Tut a fmall part of the former Water into a Bolt-
Head, and in Balneo, with a gentle Fire, draw off
about a twelfth part, which keep by it felf : put in
more of the former Water, and do again as we
have juft: new dire fled-, reap eating the fame Work,
till all the jirft Diflilled Water is r edified. Put all
thefe twelfth parts together, which keep inaGlafs
Bottle with a Gla/s Stopple. All the remaining
Waters put alfo together, and continue R> edifications
at feveral Repetitions , til! you have all that is Spi-
rituous : the Spirituous Liquor keep in the Bottle
with the Gla/s Stopple : redify a new in an evapora-
ting Bath, in a Bolt Head having a long Neck, per-
fectly luted -, /o will you have an JEtherial lnflama-
ble Spirit, louden withVolatil Salt, which is Spiritus
Rofarum, or. Spirit of Rofes. The remains of this
laft Redification, put to the former remaining Wa-
ters after Redification : fo will you have an Excel-
lent R.o/e Water , much better than any you can
draw by any ordinary means, which keep in Gla/s
Bottles cloje flopt. If you keep thefe Bottles in a
Celler a while , new Oil will afeend by degrees to the
top of the Water, and fwim above it in little flakes
almoft like Snow, which you may Jeparate according
to Art : This is Adeps Rofarum , Fat of Rofes.
Now if you defire the Oil or Fat, rather than the
Spirit , you willfooncr have your defire by re-diftil-
ling feveral times the aforefatd Rofe Water upon new
Rofes-, for frefh and new Rofes yield more Oil or
Fat by far, than thofe which are Tickled or Fermen-
ted. Or thus, Take Damask or Musk Rofes not
exungulatcd 3 o Founds beat all in a Stone Mor-
tar , and put them into a large Earthen Jar, fo as
that a quarter part of it may remain empty : ajfufe
thereon Juice of Damask or Musk Rofes a Gallon,
mixed with a Pint and half of Ale left, with a
wooden Spatula -, flir all well together, and flop all
up clofe with Cork and Wax , digeft in warm Horfe
Dung, or a Sand heat for four or five Days, till the
Smell becomes Vinous, then diflil in Balneo Vaporis,
( the Joints being Jirft well luted.) Be cautious of the
heat , that it may be gentle, that only the Spirituous
parts may afeend. Continue the Diftillation till near-
ly 5 Pounds and a half of Spirit is drawn off : then
takeoff the Receiver, and r edify the Spirit in a
Glafs Matron with a long Neck, on is diretfed
towards the end of the former Operation or Trocefs.
This Spirit is very odoriferous and grateful to the
Smell, inffamable in. its Subftance, and of very
Volatile parts , for which reafon it is to be put
up into Glafs Bottles with Glals Stopples, that it
may be kept clofe. It feems to be only an Oil
raifed up, and rarified or dilated with its Effential
Salt , and therefore the whole Rofe without Ex-
ungulating is taken, as containing more Oily Parts,
and the Yeft in the laft Procels is added to halten
the Fermentation. This Spirit is one of the great-
elf Cordials in Nature, it fortifies the Stomach and
other Vifcera, chears the Heart, revives the Spirits
Natural, Vital, and Animal, and lengthens

Nature to a Miracle. It is^ good agair.lt Meian-
cholly, Grief’ Palpitation of the Heart, Fainting,
and Swooning Firs : it comforts the Head, Brain,
Nerves, ana Womb, and is an Excellent thing
againft Convulfions, Palfies, Leth3rg;es, and other-
cold Diltempers of the Brain and Nerves. Dole
from 30 to 60 Drops or , more, in a Glafs of
Damask Rofe Water fweetned with Syrup of Citron
Feels-, or in a Glals of Choice Canary. Befides
all this , it is a molt admirable Perfume. It is a
true Specifick, to exhilerute the Mind, quicken
the Senfes, and corroborate all the Faculties.

XCIX. Oleum Rofarum Chymicum, Chymical
Oil or Fat of Roles. The Noble Oil of Rofes is
made according to the latter part of the firfl Trocefs
in the former Section. It his all the Virtues of
the Exalted Spirit with advantage; for that r.
Drop of the Volatile Effential Oil or Fat, is equiva-
lent, to 40 Drops of the molt Subtle and Sublime
Spirit and therefore is never given hut from 1 to
3, 4, or 6 Drops. It to be is Dropt firlt into White
Sugar, with which it is to be welimixt; and then
you may put that mixture, into a Glals of Gene-
rous Wine, or any other proper Vehicle, as fome
Spirituous Cordial Water , and lb let the Patient
aakeonce, twice, or thrice a Day, as need may
require. In th (c London DiJ pen fat ory , the College
gives us this way of making this Oleum, feu
Pmgucdo, vulgo Spiritus Rofarum , Oil, Fat, or
Spirit of Roles. Take an many frefh Damask Rofes
m you will, fleep them 24 Hours in a fufficient
quantity of warm Water- Trefs them out -, and re-
peat the Infufion certain times , till the Liquor is
fujjiciently flrong, which diftill in an Alembick
with its Refrigeratory, or a Copper wiilxits Worm:
feparate the Spirits from the Water ■, and keep the
Water for another Infufion. This Oil or Fat, is a
great Cephalick, Neurotick, and Cordial, cfiears
and recreates the Animal and Vital Spirits, quickens
the Senfes, chears the Heart, exhilerares the Mind,
expels Melancholy , is wonderful againlt all Faint-
ing an'd Swooning Fits, and in a Word, performs
whatever any Cordial can do.

C. Toteftates Rofarum , Powers of Rofes.; Take
of the former Oil or Fat of Rofes an Ounce-, Volatile
Sal Armoniack , Sublimed or Raifed from frefh
Damask Rofes , 4 Drams -, rectified Spirit of Wine
drawn off alfo from frefh Damask Rofes, and coho-
bated 3 times, a Quart -, mix them, and unite them
in a cold Digeflion. It has all the Virtues of the
Spirituous Water, Sublime Spirit , and Oil in Seif. 97,
98, and 99. aforegoing, and may be given in any
proper Vehicle from $c Drops ro 100. It isan ex-
traordinary Neurotick, and a Secret againlt Con-
vulfions, and Palfies, but a Medicament fit only for
Kings and Princes, and other great Perfonages, by
reafon of its great Price.

Cl. Elixir Rofarum, Elixir of Roles. Take of
the Powers of Damask Rofes a Quart -, Damask or
Musk Rofes exungitlated. , and. carefully dryed, 3
Ounces Ambergrife 10 Grains Musk 4 Grains
mix, digeft cold, Jor a Month, fhaking of the Glafs
'twice every Day, then decant off the clear Elixir,
which keep in a Glafs with, a Glafs Stopple, for Vfe.
This has all the Virtues of the Water , Spirit , Oil,
and Powers Exalted-, and may be given from 2,0 to
60 Drops or more in a Glafs of Generous Wine,
or fome other Spirituous, Vehicle, 2 or 3 times a
Day. It is an exalted Medicament, and beyond
my Commendation.

CII. Sal Rofarum Fixatum, The Fixed or Elemen-
tary Salt of Roles. Take the Remains of all the
Diflillations at Seft. 97 ,,or 98, aforegoing , which'
put into a very large Crucible and in a Calcining
Furnace reduce them to Afhes, adding in the time of
i G Calcining

962 Salmons Herbal. Lib. L

Calcining frefb Damask Rofes , to 40 times the
weight of the Rofe Cakes -, Calcine to whitenefs
and with Diftilled Rain Water make a Lixivium ,
from which educe the Salt according to Art. It is
Stomatick , Antifcorbutick , and admirably Diure-
tick^ an excellent thing to diflolve Flegm, and
Tartarous mucilage in any part of the Body, whe-
ther in the Lungs, Stomach, Liver, Reins, Blad-
der, Womb, or Joints. I commend it as a Jewel.
Dole from 10 Grains, to half a Dram, in Tar fly or
Hydropiper Water*, or in Rhenifh, or White Port ,
or White Lisbon Wine, 2, 3, or 4, times a Day.

CIII. '£>uint cffcntia Rdf arum Palidarutn , The
Quinteffence of Damask Rofes. Take of Damask
or Musk Rojes what quantity you pleafe , bruife them,
exp refs the Juice , jrom which draw a Spirit , which
retlijy -, then impregnate it with fo much of the
Ejjential Oil , and Fix'd Salt of Ro/es , ns the Body
of the Spirit will Receive -, to which , if you pleaje,
you may add a fmall proport ton of Amber gr if e and
Musk. This Medicine Daniel Horjlius Commends
to the Skies, in refpefl of which, the moft benign
Purges, as Rheubarb , Sena, CaJJia , Manna, fays he,

' are a kind of Malign Poifon •, for this Medicament,
is as well as Cathartick, both Cephalick and Cor-'
dial • and from its fragrancy, and molt incompara-
ble Odor and Sweetnels, comforts both Heart and
B:ain. It may fafely be given to the lealt Infant,
to Women with Child, and the molt delicate of
all Perfons. It is Dedicated to Kings, Princes,
Noble- Men, and Great Ladies. It is moft power-
ful in all dejections of the Mind : it cools and
comforts the Animal Spirits : it is moft prevalent
agairft Swooning Fits, the Epilepfy, Vertigo, Ca-
ms, Lethargy, and Suffocation of the Womb. It
revives all the Spirits Natural, Vital, and Animal,
and is one of the greateft prefervatives againft the
Plague or Peftilence ^ fortifying the Heart, and de-
fending it againft all manner of Poifon, Infection,
and Pelliterous Atoms. It may be ufed in all Dif
eafes where Purging is required, for it eafily,
fafely, arid plealantly evacuates all noxious Hu-
mors. All other things feem unpleafant, being
compared to ir, becaule in its Tafte and Odor, it
exceeds every other Medicament. Dofe is from 2
Drams to half an Ounce or more, in a Glafs of
Generous Wine, in thfc Morning Falling, walking
up and down the Chamber after taking it.

CHAP. DCII.

Of ROSE Wild ;

0 R,

BRIAR - BUSH.

I. ' | ' H E Karnes. It is called in Greek,

X aymr , f xuvojpjbv: in l. aline , Raja Syl-
vejiris, Rofa Can ina : and in Englijh, the Wild life.
Briar Rofe, and Deg Rofe , or Canker Rofe.

II. T be Kinds. Thefe twelve following Species
are found with us, either growing! Vi/d, or elfe
Nurft up in our Gardens, but being Wild Slants in
their own Native Countries, viz. t. Ref a Syl-
vejlris inodora , Rofa Canina communis. Our com-
mon Wild Briar Bulh. 2. Rofa Sylveftris f lore
odorato cameo. The Wild blufh Briar Rofe. 3.
Rofa Sylveftris Ruffica, The Mufcovia Briar. 4.
Rofa Sylveftris Virginitnfis , The Virginian Briar

Rofe. 5. Rofa Campejtris Flore a/bo oioro , The
Sweet white Briar Rofe. 6. Rofa Sylveftris Auftri-
aca Flore Phtenicco, The Vermilian Briar Rofe of
Auftria. 7. Rofa pumila rubra Auftriaca, The
Dwarf red Briar Rofe of Aultria. 8. Rofa Syl-
vejlris pomifera major , The greater Apple Briar
Rofe. 9. Rofa Sylveftris pomifera minor, five Rofa
Sylveftris Pimpinella, The fmall Apple Briar Rofe
or Burnet Briar Rofe. 10. Rofa Sylveftris pumila
alba Rofa Campeflris humi/is alba. The- Dwarf
white Briar Rofe. 11. Rofa campe/tris pumila fine
spina fimplex. The fingle Dwarf Briar Rofe with-
out Thorns. >2. Rofa femper Virens, The ever-
green Briar Rofe.

The Defcriptions.

III. The fir ft , or Our common Wild Briar Bufh:
Has a Root which grows great , and runs far and
deep into the Ground. It grows of it felf in Hedges
very high, with long, ftraight, upright, woody Stems
covered over with a grayijh Bark , ef penally the
older ones, which are fet with jharp Thorns or
Prickles up to the tops, but not fo thick as the Sweet
Briar. Ir has divers Leaves Jomething larger, and.

Kofe-Bu/b Wild Common $

0 R,

Common Wild Briar.

not fo green on the upper fide, nor fo grayijh un-
derneath, eu the other-, the middle Rib whereof has
feveral fmall crooked Trickles , and without any
Smell at all. The Flowers grow at the tops of
the Branches divers Jet together , of a wkitifh
blufh color , made of five round pointed Leaves ,
fomething longer than thofe of the Sweet Briar or
Eglantine Rofe, and funding in fuel? like Husks at

Chap. 602. ‘Engl'ijh Herbs.

they, or other Rofes Jo. After thcflowers are pall,
come the Fruit or Heps, Jomewhat long ani round,
which are Jirjl hard of a yellowijh red. or of a red-
difh ye How color , or rather of a bright /hiring
Coral color , which as they grow ripe , the color grows
«w« perfetf, and then the Pulp within , becomes

ed the Flowers or Rofes, which are large, and eon-
fa mg of five Leaves apiece, fomething fweet •. red
at the fir ft, but when decayed with funding, grow-

perfetfly fofl and of a pleafing acid Taftc. Within
that foft Pu/p is a Kind of hairy Down.

- j-j- /■ - -- -J J xyaaan. Within

which the Seed is cnclojed. Upon this Wild Role
Bulh or Briar , as well upon the Eglantine Bulh,
there fometimes grows Spongiola Plinij, a Spongy
Burr or Ball of Threads compofed of many little
roundijh holloa Cells, each one of which, has for
the moft part a live Worm or Maggot in it.

IV. The fecond. or Wild blulh Briar Rofe.
This is fo like to the former, that it is fcarceiy to
be difeerned from it , either for the height oj the
Stem, or great fore of Prickles, or fmallncfs of
the Leaves-, but only by the Flowers, which are
feme thing larger , and of a deeper b/ujh, or 'pale
purple color, and fomething fweet withall.

V. The third, urMufcovia Briar Rofe. T/«iWild
Briar hat feveral reddiflt yellow Stalks rifing from
its Root, J potted or rather bunched out as it were
with Blifters in feveral places, with Prickles thereon
like the Jirjl Common Briar or Wild Rofe. The
Leaves arc not many, but j. mall like the Common
Wild Hedge Briar, or rather /mailer , and turning
red in Summer. The Roles are fmgle and /mail
oj a deep incarnate color.

VI. The fourth, or Virginia Briar Rofe. It has
feveral as large Stems and Branches as any other
Wild Rofe, whofe young ones are green, and the
elder grayijh.fet with many /mail Prickles, and a
few great ones among them. The Leaves are very
green, and fhining, /mall, and almojl round,
many fet on a middle Rib, one again/} another
fomething like unto the Single yellow Rofe. The
Flowers grow at the tops of the Branches, confifting
0/ jive /mall Leaves of a pale purple, or deep in-
carnate color, like unto tho/e of the Sweet Briar
which fall away quickly, as they and others do.

VII. The fifth, or Sweet white Briar Rofe. It
has woody Stems, about three Feet high, fet as thick
with Jharp Prickles , as either the Common Wild
Briar or Eglantine is 1 ani fet with like Winged
Leaves, but not jo green. At the tops of whofe
green Branches ft and ufually but one Flower apiece,
confifting of five white Leaves, reafonable large ’
and of a fweet Smell, with feveral yellow Thread's
in the middle. The fe being pa ft away ; the Heps
(fuch as in the former) come in their places, faving
that the/e are black when they are ripe, and not
yellow, containing within them a kind of Hairy
Down, in which the Seed is endofod.

VIII. The fixtb, or the Vetmilian Briar Rofe of
Auftria. Thp younger Branches of this Rofe Bulh
are fender and reddifh, the elder of a browmfh
gray. Jet with feveral Trickles, but not very thick ,
great or Jkarp. The Leaves are J ometbing larger
than tho/e of the Single yellow Rofe, el/e not much
unlike. The Flowers are jingle, as large as tho/e of the
Yellow Rofe, of which this is thought to be a Species
but differing in color , this being of an excellent Orange
taixmey color , with an Eye of Vermillion caft over it
and of a paler yellow on the out fide, after which
( being pa ft away) the Fruit fucceeds.

IX. The f eve nth , or Dwarf red Briar Rofe of
Auftria. It grows fcarceiy two Feet high , with
fender green Stems, fet with few or no Thorns be-
low, but repleat up higher with many , having whitijh
green Leaves upon them like the Common red Rofe,
ani gray ifh underneath, fine or /even fet together
■upon a Stalk. At the tops of the Branches , come
forth very great bearded Husks, wherein are contain-

mg much more pale , before they fall away, with
yellow Threads in the middle. After the flowers
the Fruit or Heps fucceed , which are red as the
others, but greater than any of the former , and
made more in the fajhion of a Pear, than any oj them .

X. The eighth, or The greater Apple Briar Rofe.
Us Stock or Stem is great, covered zeith a darkijh
gray Bark, but the younger Branches are fomething
reddtftt. , armed here and there with great and Jhatp
Prickles, but nothing fo great or plentiful as in
the Eglantine, altho it be a Wild Kind. The Leaves
To °‘“.wh,uJh Sreen color, almoft like unto the
ftrit White Role, and five always fit together
feldom /even. The F/oulers are Jmall and fmgle,
confifting of five Leaves , without any Smell , or
very little-, and but a little bigger than tho/e of
/he Sweet Briar Bulh, and of the very fame deep
blujh color x every one of them ft adding upon a rough
or prickly button. Bearded in the manner of other

Roles ; which when the Flowers are fallen , grow
great , fomewhat long and round , Pc, ft fafhior.ed. ,

. ■ 7 r. 1 * » CtU JujrJW/lCd

bearing the Beards on them tbps ■, and being full ripe
are red, keeping the /mall Prickles Ji ill on them ,
with a foft Pulp , in which is contained many white
hard and roundijh Seeds , like unto tho/e of the
Eglantine Heps. The whole Plant con/ifts more in
the graceful appearance of tho/e Apples or red Fruit
hanging on the Branches, than in the Flowers, or
any other parts thereof ; for the beauty of which
it has been brought into Gardens.

XI. The to, mb, or Small Apple Briar Rofe or
Burnet Briar Rofe. This /mall Rofe feldom ri fee
above a loot high, being of two forts, whereof the
one has but few Prtckles on its Stalks - and the other
pull of fmall Prickles (both which are oftentimes
found m one Ground, but the very pricklfoihe more
frequent) Jet with long winged Stalks of. -Leaves-
being many fmall round greenifh Leaves fet one
again/t another upon a middle Rib , finely dented
about the edges, /renting much like to a Burnet
Leaf, for the form and number Jet together from
whence came one of its Names. The Flowers are fmgle
fmall and white, without Smell-, after which come fmal-l
round Heads, which are black when they are full ripe
and full of Seed, as in the Heps of other Rofes. ’

XII. The tenth, or Dwarf white Briar Rofe
Its Root creeps more than the reft, and it is one of
the final left Rofes .fcarceiy rifing a Foot high, being
fet with fmall Prickles-, and with Leaves alfo, ac-
cording to the proportion of the Plant, and the wild-
nejs oj the Kind. The Flowers are while and

vu Hcrs' or Fruil “nJ Seed' l‘ke the reft.

XU1. The eleventh, or Single dwarf Briar Rofe
without Prickles. It grows very low, even almoft
upon the Ground, with green Stalks without any
Prickles on them, and fet with fmall winged Leaves,
fo fmall that they foarce foem to be Leaves of a

taX d >L Plotter is fmall, fingle, and of a pa’e
reddifh color -, very fweet in fome Soils , and as it
wet e without Scent in others -, and Flowering in fome
places both in the Spring and Autumn.

XI V. The twelfth, or Evergreen Briar Rofe. It
is a Bitfh very hke to the Wild fingle Eglantine
as hinting many very long green Brandies, but more
/ lender and weak -, fo that many times they bend
down again, not bang able 10 foft am tkemfelves
without Jcme help, and armed wth'hookcd Prickles,
at other Rofes be. 'The winged Leaves confift of
Jeven J mailer Leaves for the nw/t part , of which
fome two, which are loweft- arid oppofite, are fmall-
eft- the next two bigger than they-, the higheft
couple bigger. than any of the former, and the. end
6 G 1 Leaf

964

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

Leaf large ft of all. : This proportion it generally
holds in every winged Leaf through the whole Plant ,
which at the fir ft coming forth are fomething reddijh ,
with the young Branch which fhoots out with them -,
but being full grown , are of a deep green color ,
fomewhat jhining withall, and dented about the
edges , which fall not away from the Branches , as
other Rofe Leaves do, but abide thereon , for the
moft part all the Winter. Jibe Flowers grow four
or five together at the tofuof the Branches , being
Jingle , confi filing of five Leaves apiece , of a pure
white color , larger than the or d< nary Musk

Rofe, and of a pleafing Smell , having many yellow
Chives or Threads in the middle'.

XV. The Places. The two firft grov? in the
Hedges almoft every where throughout all England.
but the fecond not fo frequent as the firft. The
third came from Mufcovy , where it is a Native.
The fourth from ITrginia. The fifth from Ger-
many, where it grows Wild in many places. The
fixthand feventh was brought to us out of Aifitia.
The eighth grows, (tho’ a Wild Plant in othei
Countries) ivith us only in Gardens.1 The ninth
is found growing in many Barren and Heathy
Grounds by Woods and Hedge fides, in many parts
of this Kingdom. The twelfth, as alfo the third,
fourth, fifth, fixth and feventh, (tho’ growing
Wild in their Native places) yet are Inhabitants
with us only in our Gardens.

XVI. The Times. Some of thefe Rofcs appear

earlier than others , but generally from the end of
May to the middle of Augufi , and fometimes
longer, according as the Seafons may prove favou-
rable. 0

XVII. As to their Qualities, Specification , Pre-
parations and Virtues of thefe Wild Rofes , they
are much the fame with thofe of Red Rofes in the
former Chapter , tho’ indeed they are feldom or
never ufed in Phyfick : however there are fome
other parrs of the Wild Rofe Bufih , whole particu-
lar Virtues Authors have taken fome notice of, viz.

XVIII. The Preparations, i. A Decoflion or
lnfiufton of the Root of the Common Wild Briar. 2.
A Pulp , or Conferve of the ripe Heps of the fame.
3. A Pouder made of the fame Pulp. 4. APouder
of the Briar Balls.

The Virtues.

XIX. The Decoflion or Infufion of the Root in] Vine.
The Bark of the Root is to be fhaved or feraped very
thin, or finely, whilft frefh and green •, and then
to be,-Infufed or Decoded in Wine 3 or 4 Ounces
of it to a Quart. Pliny Lib. 8. Cap. 4. fays, that
it is good to cure the Biting of a Mad Dog ^ I fup-
pofe inwardly taken for fome time, and alfo to be
outwardly applyed.

XX. The Pulp of the ripe Heps. The Pulp is
generally ufed whilft it is frefh : but if it is done
for keeping, it muft be made into a Conferve with
Sugar. It is moft pleafant and deleftable to the
Taite, helps Digeftion, ftops Catarrhs, Spitting
and Vomiting of Blood, and gently Binds the
Belly

XXI. The Pouder of the Pulp It is made of
the Infpiflate Pulp of the ripe Heps. Taken in
Scyptick Red Wine, it is good againft a Diabetes -,
ftops all Fluxes of Blood whether upwards or
downwards-, all Fluxes of , Bowels , as alfo the
overflowing of the Terms, and the Whites in
Women. . Dofe from 1 to 2 Drams.

XXII. The Pouder of the Briar Balls. Being
'Drank in White Port Wine, or in Mead , or rather

in the Infufion of Lignum Nephriticum, it power-
fully provokes Urine, expels rhe Srone, Sand, Gra-
vel, and Tartarous matter out of the Reins and
Bladder, and gives eafe in the Strangury and
Colicky it alfo kills Worms in the Belly and
drives them forth. Dofe from half a Dram to a
Dram and half. The Balls are firft to be well dryed
in an Oven, and then the whole, viz. Worms or
Miggots and all which are within them, are to be
reduced to a Pouder by beating in a Mortar.

CHAP. DCIIL
Of R O S M A R Y.

f ' |n H E Names. It is called in Arabic/;, Elkin
J. gaber : in Greek, AiCdyarnf supavo^arnii, Li-
banotis Stephanomatike : in Latino, Libanotis Stcpha •
nomatice, or Coronaria , which Epithite is added to
the Libanotis , to diftinguifh it from the other Liba-
' notides which are Umbelliferous Plants: it is alfo
called Rofmarinus , and Rofmarinum: in Englijh,
Rofmary.

, II. The Kinds. Formerly there was but one Spe*
cies known, but now there are more, as, 1. Liba-
notis Coronaria (becaufe it is ufed in Garlands)
Rofmarinum Vulgare, Our common Rofmary. Da-
, lechampius on Pliny, takes it to be the Cafiia nigra
Theophrafii : and Anguillaria, will have it to be die
Cofid Higini , acceptable to Bees , and therefore
Sown near their Hives. Gefncr in Hortis , calls it
Rofmarinus minor. 2. Rofmarinum llriatum, five
aurcum , Gilded Rofmary. 3. Rofmarinum l at foli-
um ; Rofmarinus major Cordi ■, Rofmarinus alter
GeJ ncri , Broad Leav’d Rofmary. To thefe you
may add, 4. Rofmarinum Sylvefire nofir as , our
Wild Rofmary.

The Defcriptionr.

III. The firft, or Our common Rofmary, has
a long zvoody Root, fpread out into many Arms or
Branches, with a great number of Fibres adjoining
to them , of a brownifih color on the out fide, it
fprings up with a woody Stem, of dofe, firm, com-
pact'Subfiance, and whitifh, which in time grows up
to a great height. It has been well obferved to grow
in divers places of our own Land (as well as in
Spain and other Foreign Countries , where it is a
Nat he) to grow to the Body of a Tree of a confi -
derablc magnitude , fit to make Infir uments of, being
cut into long thin Boards for that purpofe. I faw
6 fuel j large bodied Rofmary Trees, when I zvas a
Boy, of about 8 Inches or more Diameter , and above
2 'Feet round in the Body, which zvas fir night, and
about 7 or 8 Feet high], zaith fair , large and ample
Heads, with their Arms and Branches, in proporti-
on to thofe Bodies , thefe grew in the Garden of one
Mrs. Wormal, /flKings-Lyn, Norfolk, Living in
the Street near to the South Gate. However in
thofe Plants , which grow not to fuch a prodigious Mag-
nitude, the Stem is great and woody, of a clofe and
fine Grain, branching it felf jorth into fevcral
Arms , and from them again into many other fmaller
Branches, and thofe again into a vafi number of
\et fmaller and fender Twigs : at the Joints where-
'of arejet at feveral difiances , many long and very
narrdw Le.rves , green above , • and grayifih under-
neath.

Chap. 603. ‘Englijh Herbs. 965

neah, and with them all along the Stalks , towards
the' tops, many f mall gaping flowers, of a pale bleak
blewijh color , ft ending in wbitijh Husks ; the Seed
is fmall and reddijh , which being Sown with us will
grow admirable well, and thrive afterwards, if care

Rofmary Common.

Tranfplanted and kept in order , has in time come
to the common or ordinary Stature and Magnitude of
Rofmary but I am apt to believe , it might be kept
10 be a Dwarf Plant like to our Dwarf Box. But
our ufual way of encreafing the Plant here in Eng-
land, is by flipping it , and Jetting thofe Slips, I
feldom ever found them to fail growing. The whole
Plant, efpe dally when in its F lowering time , is of a
p leafing, ' fubtil , fharp, and volatile Smell, and ex-
ceeding fweet.

IV. The fecond, or Gilded Rofmary. This in
its Roots, Woodinefs , Body or Stem, Arms, Branch-
es Leaves, Flowers, and Seed, magnitude, manner
and form of growing, differs not at all from the for-
mer but only in the color of the Leaves, which in
this’' are edged or firiped, or pointed, with a fair Gold
yellow color, which fo continues all the Tear through -
out, yet frefher in Summer than in Winter.

V. The third , or Broad Leav’d Rofmary. This
alfo grows like the former-, and tho it grows very
large in its Leaves, with us here in England, yet it
grows not fo great, nor witb-fucb woody Branches ,
as it does in Spain, Italy, and other hot Countries,
where it is a Native -, and withall, with us , it is
more tender to be kept. The Leaves are larger , ,
and of a more deep fhining green color on the upper
fide, and little or nothing wbitijh underneath, more
thinly alfo, or fparfedly fet on the Stalks -, but its
F lowers and Seed are altogether the fame in form ,
magnitude, and color, with the two former.

VI. The fourth, or Our Wild Rofmary, This

Our North-Country Plant, grows not to be fo high
as the former, and has f mailer Leaves, nothing fo
great and long as Rofmary Leaves , but thicker and
fhorter • of a dark green fhining color above, and of
fomewbat a yellowifh green underneath, which grow
very fparfedly on very f lender and pliant blackifh
green Twigs-, at the tops of which grow the Flowers ,
not out of Scaly Heads but of a reddijh color • the
whole Plant is either fcentlcfs , or the Smell is fo
fmall that it is fcarcely to be perceived.

VII. The Places. The firft three are Natives of
Spain, Italy, France, Greece , Ajia, and other hot
Southern Climates; and are now alfo become Na-
tives wit^i us here in England, and grow alfo ad-
mirably well in Qur'Plantations in the Weft Indies,
where they come to a greater Perfection than they
do with us in our more Northern Climate. They
grow alfo in Germany, Denmark , and other
Northern Countries, but will not live or abide , in
many of thofe Northern places, unlefs Houfed in
Winter, and kept in Stoves. The fourth grows in
England, in feveral places of Lincafhire and Tcrk-
Jhirc, and other parts bordering upon them, from
whence it has been brought, and introduced into
fome Gardens more for its novelty, than for any
Ipecial ufe it has. The Gilded or Silvered Rofmary,
ought to be Planted in the moft Sunny parts of rhe
Garden, for rhe more they are expofed to the Sun,
the better they will be Striped or Marked, and
the more Florid they will grow.

. VIII, The Times. The three firft Flower fome-
times in April, , but always in May -, and fome-
times again in Augufl : and the Seed is ripe not
long after. They are encreafed alio by fitting the
Slips in March , and af terwards again, in the end
of Auguft. The Wild Rofmary, Flowers in June
and July: Gerard fays, that it was found by Mr.
Hesketh in a Field called Little Reed among Hurtle
Berries, near to a fmall Village called Maudfley iir
Lancafhire , and that it is called by Cordus , Chama-
peuce.

IX. The Qualities. The laft or fourth is fcarce-
ly ever ufed in Phyfiek: the firft three have all of
them, the fame Qualities, Virtues, and Operations,
and are fa id by Authors to be hot and dry in the
third Degree: Anodyn , Aperitive, Attractive,
Carminative , Cofmetick , Digeftive , Difcuflive ,
Cephalick, Neurotick , Stoma tick, PeCtoral, Cor-
dial, Hyfterick, Arthritick, Emmenagogick, Sudo-
rifick, and Alexipharmick.

X. The Specification. It prevails againft the
Head-ach and Megrim, from a cold caufe the
Vertigo , Lethargy, hpilepfie, Apoplexy, Pally,
Convulfions, Catarrhs, Drowfinefs, Dullnefs of the
Senfes, Lofs of Memory, ctfldnefs of the Stomach,
(linking Breath, Wind, in the Stomach and
Bowels, Dimnefs of the Sight, Jaundice, Ob-
ftruCtions of the Terms, Gout from a cold caufe*
all external pains and aches from a cold and moift
caufe, Lamenefs, Numbednefs, Weaknefs of the
Joints; and in Contagious times, prevails even
againft the Plague it felf and all Contagious and
Infectious Difeafes.

XL The Preparations. You may make therefrom,

1. A Juice or Effence of the Leaves and Flowers.

2. A Decotfion or Infufion of the Leaves and Flowers.

3- A Poudcr of the Leaves and Flowers. 4. A
Conferve of the Flowers. 5. An Inf oleted Oil of
the Leaves and Flowers. 6. A Smoak or Fume. 7.
A Tinflure of Leaves and Flowers 8- A Di-
filled Water. 9. Hungary Water . 10. A Cbymi -

cal Oil. 11. Poteftates or Powers. 1 2- A Spirit..
13. An Elixir.

The

966 Salmon’ s Herlal. Lib. 1.

the Virtues.

XII. The Juice or Effence. They Warm, heat and
comfort the Stomach, helping all cold Difeafes
thereof, as alfo of the Head, Lungs, Liver, Spleen,
and Belly : they aregood againft all cold Difeafes of
the Head, Brain, Nerves and Womb, as Vertigo, Dull-
nefs, Drowfinefs, Lethargy, Carus, Stupidnefs of the
Senles, lofs or hurt of the Memory, Dumb Palfie, or
lofsof Speech, Falling-ficknefs, Palfie of the Head
and extream parts, Convolfions, coidnefs andweak-
nefs of the Womb, Whites, and other Diflempers
of thofe Parts. Dofe one Spoonful more or lefs,
Morning and Night in a Glafs of Wine.

XIII. The Decoftion or Infufton. Thefe have the
Virtues of the former if made in Milk, Whey, or
Wine, but nothing near fo powerful, and therefore
may be taken in four, five, or fix times the quantity.
They are comfortable to the Stomach in all cold
griefs thereof, quicken the Senfes, and are good
againft Loathing and Vomiting, Coughs, Colds,
Wheezing, fhortnefs of Breath, Afthma, and ex-
pel Wind out of the Stomach and Bowels, Hypo-
chondriack Melancholy, and eafe paffions of the
Spleen. They are good for fuch as are Liver grown,
and open the obftrutlions there of by warming its
coidnefs, extenuating the groffnefs of Humors
afHidfing it, and withal ftrengthening it: They ate
Laid alfo to cure the Yellow Jaundice.

XIV. The Ponder of the Leaves and flowers.
It has all the Virtues of the Juice, Eflence, De-
cdh.n and Irfufion , but exerts not its Power or
Erfetfs fo foon as they do. It may be given to a
Dram every Morning Falling, and laft at Night
going to Bed, either mixed with a little Honey, or
forne proper Syrup, as Syrup of Citron Peels , or in
a Glafs of Wine, or fome other proper Vehicle.

XV. The Confcrve of the flowers. It is an ex-
cellent Cephalick , and Stomatick , and has all the
Virtues of the Ponder , and may be given to i or 3
Drams, Morning and Evening, Drinking after it,
a Glals of Generous White Port, or Lisbon Wine,
or Canary.

XVI. The Infolatei Oil of the Leaves and
Flowers. It may be made the common way by In-
flation or Dccoffion: but Parkinfon teacheth us to
make it after this manner. Take what quantity you
will of the Flowers, and put them into 'a flrong
G/a/s, which flop cloje , and digefl in hot Horfe
Th ing for 14 Days ; which then being taken forthof
the Dung and urjiopped , tye a fine Linnen Cloth
over the Mouth of the Glafs , and turn the faid
Mouth into the Mouth of another flrong Glafs ,
which being fet in the Sun , an Oil mill diflil down
into the lower Glafs , which is to be kept and pre-
ferved as a precious thing for many Lfes both in-
ward and outward. It is good for the cure of all
the Difeafes before fpoken of, and may be giveq
from 8 to 1 6 Drops fitft dropt into Sugar, and then
nuxt with a Glals of choice Wine, or any other
fit Vth ae, and fo to he taken Morning and Even-
ing. it has been found by expetience to clear a
dim Sight, to cure the Palfie and Lethargy, and to
take away Spots, Marks, and Scars of theSkin.

XVII. The Smoak or Fume. The dryed Leaves
(bred fmall, and taken in a Pipe, like as Tobacco is
taken, is profitable for fuch as are troubled with
Catarrhs, or Diftillations of Rheum, or Vehement
Coughs, Althma’s, Confumptions , Lac. for it
warms and comforts the parts, dryes up the thin
Rheum, which caufes thofe Difeafes, and helps to
reltore the weakned and decayed parrs.

XVIII. The Tindure of the Leaves and flowers.

It has all the Virtues of the Effence and Infufion ,
and may be given in a Glafs of Wine, or other fit
Vehicle , from half a Spoonful ro a "Spoonful
Morning, Noon an i Night. It is alfo an excellent
thing to bath withall, any pained, weak, cold, be-
numed, trembling, or Paralytick Member; and is
profitable againft a cold Gout, being appiyed to tltc
part, and in anefpecial manner to betaken inward-
ly, if it be found to have feiz’d the Stomach, add
to make approaches thereto.

XIX. The Dfldled Water. It is good againit
ficknefs and pain at Stomach, and clears the Eye
Sight, the Eyes being oftentimes in the Day time
walked therewith. You may therewith make an
excellent Eye Water , after this manner. Take
Water difli/led from Rofmary Leaves and f lowers a
Sfltart ; Common Spirit of I Tine a Pint and half-
Clarified Hony 4 Ounces ; Madder Roots 6 Ounces
very well brufied ; Alum half an Ounce ; mix and in-
jtfe in a cold Digefl ion clofe flopt fora Month , flak-
ing the Glafs every Day ; then being perfehly Jett led
and fine , Decant the dear Water , and keep it for L 'jo.

XX. Aqua Hungarian , The Hungarian Water.
Take Rofntary flowers gathered a little after the rfin"
pf the Sun a Pound-, put them into a double Veffel and
affuje on them a Pint and half of Alcoohss'd or
Tartariz'd Spirit of Wine, lute exactly the Joints
digefl in a gentle heat for 3 Days, then diflil with a
Copper Vefica or AlembickTiri d within, in Balnco to
drinefs-, fo have you in the Receiver a fubjii Liquor
which is, the gjteen of Hungaries Water. It' pre-
vails againft all cold and moil! Dileaies of the
Head, Brain, Nerves, Stomach, Heart, Lungs.
Spleen, Womb, and other Vilcera-, as Apoplexies’
Epilepfies, Convullions, Cramps, Numbneis, Pal-
fies. Tremblings, weakness of the Nerves and
Joints, Head-ach, Megrim' Vertigo, Carus, Le-
thargy, Sleepinefs, anddimnelsot Sight. It com-
forts the Head and Brain, refiefhes the Senfes
cheats the Heart, refifts Poifon, and revives all the
Spirits Natural, Vital, and Animal. It is good a-
gainft Palpitation, Fainting. and Swooning Fits
Sicknefs at Heart and Stomach, ftinking Breath,’
Indigeftion, want of Appetite, and other defe£fs of
thofe parts. It opens obftruff ions of Liver, Spleen
and Womb, and is an excellent thing againit the
Jaundice. It is good againft the molt vehement
Catarrhs, cold Rheums, windy Gouts, Rheuma-
tifms, old Aches and Pains in any part of the
Body, efpecially thofe of the Back and Loins, ft
is famous againit Griping of the Guts, the Colick,
Wind and lharp or acrimonious Humors in the
Stomach and Bowels. It provokes Urine and the
Terms, and facilitates both Birth and After-hirth.
It warms, comforts, and ftrengthens all parts
weakned by cold and moilture, hard Labor, or over-
ftraining, or that have been hurt by any Fall, Bruife
or Wound. It caufes Watchlulnels , and takes
away Drowfinefs, ftrengthens the Nerves power-
fully; and is faid to he a Specifick in After-Pains
the Palfie, Cramp, and other like Infirmities. It
preferves Health, and keeps back Old Age, makitg
thofe who take it, to look always young. It is
good againft the bitings of Mad-Dogs, Serpents
or Vipers, or other lienomous Crearures, and is an
abfolute Antidote againit the Malignity of the
Plague, or any Malign and Peftilenrial Fever, being
an excellent prefervative in all Infectious Times
and Places. It is prevalent againft the Pleurifv
for it attenuates thick Humors, digelts Crudities’
opens ObftruUions , diffolves Congelations, and
provokes Sweating. And being given in a large
Dofe about 2 Hours before the coming of the Fit
of an- Ague, it has been often found to Cure it. It

takes

Chap. 6qj 'Englijh ‘Herbs.

9°7

cakes away by long ufing ir, all manner of Pimples, ; of wonderful Virtues, nor do I know how to praife
hcurf, Morphew Snnhurmngs, or any other dif- it enough, my perpetual uft thereof; has given me
color", gs of the Skin, as alio Scurvy Spots Herpes, large fadsfaflion, as to its Excellency, which is in-
and other breakings out. bv bathmp the Sk n rhw. a~a ,i : . .

CJ 5 —

and other breakings our, by bathing the Skin there
with. It is not harmful as other Wafhesare, which
are made of Mercury, but it makes the Skin fo
« incomparably pure and dear, and fo frees it from
all its Deformities andDefeds, that it is notmuch
inferor to any other CoJmUck whatfoever. Dofe is
lrom 50 to 80 drops, more or lefs, 2 or 3 times
a Day or oftener, in a Glafs of Generous Wine,
Sack Whey, Poller Drink, Me, Beer, or other Li-
quors which the Sick drinks, continuing its ufe for
Lome Weeks, or Months, as you lee occafion.
Outwardly bath the parts pained or hurt , therewith
twice a Day, Morning and Evening, and continue it
for 10, 1 7, or 20 Days or more, if need requires.

XXI. The Chymical Oil. It is drawn from the
Leaves and Flowers, as you draw tile Chymical Oil
of Lavender , Sage, Savin, Sic. thus, Take of
dryei Rofmary Leaves, Flowers and Tops 2 Pounds -,
Spring Water 15 Quarts-, digejl them 24 Hours,
and diflill in a great Alemhick with its Refrigerato-
ry-, or a Copper one with its Worm running through
cold Water ; fo have you 1 Cater and Oil, which you
may part by the help of aFunnel,or feparatingG/afs ;
the feparated Water may feme for a New Dijlilla-
tion, which then will yield the more Oil-, you may
take lor a of the firfl Pints of Water, to keep for
Rofmary Water. The Oil may be drawn out of the
Rofmary frejh gathered. It ftrengthens the Brain
and Memory, fortifies the Heart, refills Poifon,
and cures all forts of Agues. It is abiolutely the
greateft flrengthener of the Sight, and reftorer of
it alfo, if loft, of any tiling in the World, it makes
the Heart merry, and takes away all foolilh Fan-
tjfms from the Brain. It eafes the Tooth-ach, and
all pains from a cold Ctufe , and removes the
caufes hindring Conception, and has indeed not only
all the Virtues of the Hungarian Water beforego-
ing, hut alio of tile Potejiates or Powers following.
Dofe d gut. 4 ad 10 dropt into Sugar, and to be
taken in any proper Vehicle, as you take other
Otis.

XX 11. Spirit tts Rofmarini, Spirit of Rofmary. It
is good again!! all cold Difeafes of the Head,
Brain, Nerves, Joints, Stomach and Womb, pre-
vails againft Rheumatifms, cold Gouts, and pains
of the flead arifing from Flegm, or any cold Caufe.

It is good againft the Vertigo, and Lethargy,
ftrengthens the Memory and Eye Sight, helps Deaf-
nels, and Hides Nodes in the Ears. It opens ob

w 5 . / 3 lliwii 111"

need above the Force or any ordinary Remedy.
It prevails againft all cold and moil! Difeafes of
the Head, Brain, Nerves, Stomach, Heart, Womb,
and other ri/ce»vt, as Apoplexies, Epilepfies, Con-
vulfions. Cramps, Paifies, Tremblings, Numbnefs,
and other Difeafes of thofe parts : and indeed it
has all tile Virtues of the Spirit, Oil , and Hungarian
It ater , but in a ten times more exalted Degree.
Dofe from 30 to bo Drops, Morning and Night in
Wine, or fomc Cordial Water.

XXIV. Elixir Rofmarini, Elixir of Rofmary.
This has all the Virtues of the Potejiates, Spirit,
O'l, and Hungary Water, Elixirated, or yet more
Exalted, even to the highelt Sublimity ; and may
be taken Morning and Night, or ofrner if need re-
quires, from 20 to ;o Drops in Wine, or fome
other proper Vehicle.

CHAP. DCIV.

Of R U E Garden and Wild.

0 R,

H E R B -- G R A C E.

TH F, Names. It is called in Arabick', Sa-
del : in Greek, n^m, Peganum, quia ca-
liditate, femen genitale coagmentat .- in Latine
Rut a: and in Englijh, Rue, mi Herb-Grace. ’
II. The Kinds. There ate many Plants called
by the Name of Rue, with certain Epithites, which
are not Rue, nor any of tile Kindred thereof. Thofe
which we fhall take notice of in this Work, are
only thefe following, vis. I. K uta Hortenfis Gar-
den Rue. II. Rut a Sy/vejlris, Wild Rue, of both
which we (hall treat in this Chapter. HI. Ruta
Pratenfis, Meadow Rue, of which in Quip. do;.
IV. RutaCapraria , Galega, Goats Rue, of which
in Chap. 606 following.

III. The Kinds of the Garden and Wild forts.
Of the Garden Kinds there are three Species , viz

r vumu uu- , 1 . Ruta Hortenfis major, Ruta Communis, Ruta Saliva

ftruchons of the I- tfeera, revives and prefeves the Ruta Domejlica, Ruta Lai folia, vel major Our
5?i le °rie;>rt l(c Fun&ions of all the common Garden Rue. 2. R uta Deaurata , Gilded’

parts of the Body. Dofe from 1 to 2 Drams or
more, Morning and Evening in any Cordial Water.

XXlII. Potejiates Rofmarini, Powers of Rofma-
ry. They are made in all refpetls of the Leaves
Flowers and fops, as are the Powers of Lavender -
uniting the perfeSly deflegmalcd Spirit of Rofmary
with its Volatile Oil before Named, and Salt ; by
Digejlion, Circulation , and a repeated Dijlil/ation.
Where Note, The great ejl part of the Volatile Salt
rifes, and mixes with the Spirit end Oil by D tjl illation-
nor is there the tenth part of the Fixt Salt left in the
Fares, which after Calcination may be drawn forth
as you do Salt of Tartar. And that remaining part
after putref allien of the Fares may , by many Coho-
bations of the Spirit be wholly drawn forth, and
made to afeend, without any Calcination at all. This
is evident , for that after Incineration , they will
yield no Fixt Salt of any Kind, without very much
Labor ; and then it will be a quantity very inconfide-
rable, not being the twenteith part of what might
have otherwije been extraSed. ■

Rue. 3. Ruta Hortenfis minor Tragi-, RutaSativa
minor, d Ruta Tenui folia Cordi ; Ruta grave
Olens Dodonei, The lefler Garden Rue. Of the
Wild Sort, there are alio thefe Kinds Nurft up iu
our Gardens, viz. 4. Ruta Sy/vejlris major Mat-
thioli , Lobelij , Lugduncnfs , aliorumque , The
greater Wild Rue. ;. Ruta Sy/vejlris minor, Rutu/a
Lobelij -, Peganum Sy/veftre ; Ruta Sy/vejlris Se-
cunda Dodonai, The Imaller Wild Rue. 6. Har-
mala, Bafafan , R/tta Sylvejlris Syriaca, Wild Af-
fyrian Rue.

The Defcriptio/ts.

IV. The firfl, or Our Common Garden Rue.
It has a Root which is white and woody , fpreading
far about in the Ground, and abiding many Tears.
. '■ v; .."O' " ? &rom UP ai,h h‘ri wooiy Stalks, Branching
I his ts a Medicine [forth on all fides, and bearing thereon fever a! long

Leaves,

968

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

Rue Garden.

a

jgs

Garden Kind, that if not heedfully minded , it may
etifily deceive the beholder. It rijes up not fo high ,
nor hits it fo great a Stalk : The Leaves are very
like to the Greater Garden Kind, but that they are
f mailer , and of a blacker or darker green color.
This more fe/dom gives any Homers with us ; nor is
the Smell thereof Jo Jirong, nor theTafle altogether
fo bitter , as the other , and in lhefc things confijl the
chief differences. Some are of Opinion that this
Plant is the firji or greater fort oj Wild Rue, de-
ferred in the next Section , Tranf planted and
Manured in Gardens.

VIII. The fourth, or Greater Wild Rue. This is
in all things like unto the Garden Rue, but that the
Leaves are fomewhat longer and narrower, and

Rue Wild.

Leaves divided into other final/ ones , being fome-
Kh.it live k and round pointed, of a dark blcwijh green
color. The blowers which grow at the lops, con-
fijl of 4 f null Leaves which are yellow ,■ with a
«rccn Button in the mid If, compaffed about m/th fe-
ver a! [mall yellow Threads , which growing ripe,
contains within it Jmall black Seed. .

V. Gerard gives us a more ample Delcription
of it in rhefe Words. Its Root is woody, and
•fa fined with many Strings : and is a Shrub full of
'B/anches, ma 'and than a Yard high, or higher.
The Stalks whereof are covered with a wbilijh
Bark, but the Branches with a more green. The
Leaves hereof conjifl of divers parts, and divided
into If trigs, about which are certain little ones, oj
an odd number, fometbing broad, more lengthen
round, Jmooth, and fomewhat fat of a gray color ,
or greenifh blew. The blowers in the tops of the
Branches, are of a pale yellow, confijl mg of four
Utile Leaves , fometbing hollow : in the middle oj
which fends up a little Head or Button four fquare,
Jeldom five fquare, containing as many little Cells,
as it has corners, being compaffed about with little
yellow Threads, in which little Cells the Seed is con-
tained. The Leaf is of a very firong and rank
Smell, and has a biting Tafle.

VI. The fecond, or Gilded Rue. This in its

Roots, Stalks, Branches, form of the Leaves, flowers.

Seed, Magnitude, and manner of growing, is ex-
ally the fame with the former, faving only in the
color oj the Leaves , which are tnofi of them gilded
o/i the edges, or at the ends-, fome of them are
wholly green, fome wholly gilded or of a yellow color,
and Jome of them part green, part gilded, either on
the edges or ends, or both, as before expreffed,

VII. T he third, or Letter Garden Kue. Its Root
is white , woody, and ftringy, Spreading it Jelf
abroad under the Earth, like the firfl Jert. This
whole Plant is fo like to the Ordinary or Great

their color darker , more tending to green. The
Stalk is firong and woody in its Native places of
growth, much more than it is in lhefc colder Cli-
mates, but rifes not fully fo high, as our Garden
Kind does -, and with us, it fcarcely attains to any
woodinefs. The blowers are alfo yellow, compofei
of 4 yellow Leaves like unto it, having within
them four fquare Heads (fometimes but three cor-
nered) in whofe Cells is contained the Seed like that
of the Garden. The Leaves and whole Plant are of
a more Jirong and virulent Smell than our Common
Garden Kind.

IX. The fifth, or Smaller Wild Rue. Its Root
is long and woody-, and the Plant is Jmall , yet like
unto the former , faving that the Leaves hereof are
much -more finely cut than it, both Jhorter and
/mailer -, but the Smell is as Jirong , or rather
Jlronger than the other ; as ajo its Tafle and Quali-
ties. The Stalk hereof rifes not fo high as the lafl
deferibed above, but Branches it Jelf cut at the top ,
bearing Jmall yellowijh Flowers , having four fquare
Heads with Cells, therein, like the others, in which
is contained Jtr.all Seed.

X. The fixtb , or Wild Affyrian Rue. Its Root
is tbickand Jomcthing yaliowifh, with J ever al Jmall

fibres

Chap. 60

. Herb j

fibres adjoining to it. It rifes up with many dark
round green Stalks , about a Foot or more high, on
which arc fet divers tong Leaves , divided into many
parts, each of which is longer, thicker and greener
than the former Small Wild Rue, but not of fo
firong or virulent a Smell end Tafte, yet fomewhat
flrong , and a little Jharp and bitter. At the tops of
the Stalks grow many Flowers, confifting of five
white Leaves, larger than in any of the other forts
of Rue. In the middle whereof rifes up a green
triangular Head, compared about with many yellow
Threads : in the Cells of which is contained fmall
brownijh cornered Seed.

XI. The Places. The firft: three grow only in
Gardens. The fourth and fifth are Wild Plants,
and grow upon the Mountains of Spain and Italy.
The ftxth grows in Syria, from whence it has been
brought into our Northern Climates, as alfo about
the Hedges near to Conjlantinople, as Bel/onius lays,
in his Qbfervations, Lib. 3. Chap. But allthefe
three Wild Kinds grow with us only in Gardens,
where they are Planted and Nurft up with much
care.

XII. The Times. The two firft Flower with us
in July and Augufl, but in hot Countries earlier.
The third, as alfo the 3 Wild forts, fcarcely ever
hear good Seed here.

XIII. The Qualities. The Garden Rue is hot and
dry in the end of the third Degree, and the Wild
Rue’s are hot and dry in the fourth Degree. They
are all of them of Thin and Subtil Parts; Aperitive
vehemently Attra&ive, Cofmetick, Carminative’
Digeftive,Difcufiive, Diuretick, Cephalick, Neuro-
tick, Splenetick, Nephritick, Hyfterick, Ptarmick,
Emmenagogick , Sudorifick and Alexipharmick’.
The Wild Kinds atefo vehemently hot that they may
be accounted almoft amongft the Number of Pyrs-
ticks, being apt to raife Blitters, Wheals and other
Accidents, for which reafon they ate feldom ufed
in Meat or Medicine: Their violence is indeed
fcarcely tolerable, except for outward Griefs and Ap-
plications, for the Eptlepfy, Palfie, Gout , Sciatica
Rheumatifm , and the like , in all which Difeafes
they are more Powerful than the Garden Kinds :
and if they (hould be taken inwardly by Women
with Child, they would deftroy the Birth
for which reafon efpecially they ought to be
avoided.

XIV. T he Specification. The Garden Kinds pro-
voke Urine and the Courfes, bring away the Birth
and After-Birth, are Antidotes againft Plague and
Poifon, deftroy the Seed, and caule Barrennefs
are good againft Pains and Stitches of the Sides’
the Pleurify , Peripneumony ; and the moll vehe-
ment Cholick. They Expel Wind, and are good
againft Vapors, Hyfterick Fits, Epilepfy , kill
Worms in the Stomach and Belly and drive them
forth, cure Agues, and are profitable againft the
Gout, and other pains of the Joints.

XV. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, 1. A Liquid Juice. 2. An E (fence. 3. A
DecoSion or lnfufwn in Wine. 4. A Pouder of the
Leaves. 5. A Pouder of the Seed. 6. An Electu-
ary. 7. A Counter Poifon. 8. jl Cofmetick. 9.
A Co/lyrium. 10. An Errhine. 11. A Bath. 12.
An Oil by Decoliion or Inflation . 1 3. An Oint-
ment. 14. A Cataplafm. 15. A Pickle. 16. A
DiJ} tiled Water. 17. A Spirituous Tinlfure. 18.
An Acid Tmilure. 19. An Oily Tinlfure. 20. A
Saline Tinlfure- 21. A Spirit. 22. An Oil Di-
filled. 23. The Potejiates or Powers. 24. An
Elixir.

The Virtues.

I ^ 7u,ce‘ Be'ng often taken to
halt a Spoonful or more, in fome potable Liquor
or made up into a Uuch with Honey, it delfrovs
the Seed, and caufes Barrennefs; but it gives eafe
andGripingsoftheGurs, and expels
Wind, haling all inward pains and torments of
the Bowels and other Vifcera. It eafes pains and
flitches in the Sides, helps the Pleurify, and Inftama-
tion of the Lungs, and given to a Spoonful fbr fome
rew times 2 or 3 Hours before the coming of an Ague
ht, it is faid to cure it; it is good againft Windi-
ngs of the Womb, reprefles Vapors, and is preva-
lent agamft Fits of the Mother. It kills Worms in
the Belly drank with Honied Water. And dropt
warm into the Ears, it eafes their pain. Drank in
Parjly H ater, it gives eaie in the Strangury, Stone,
and ltoppage of Urine.

XVTI. The EJfence. It has all the Vertues of the
Liquid Juice , and is much more powerful to the
purpofes intended. It is faid alio to prevail againft
the Plague and all Peftilential Malignity, to cute
the Epilepfy, Vertigo, .Lethargy, and Megrim from a
cold Caufe. And is profitable againft Coughs,
Colds Hoarfnefs, Wheezing, Althma, and hatd-
nels ot the Spleen, opening obftruaions of Lungs
Liver, Spleen, and Mefentery. DoTe from half a
SPvvm} whole Spoonful in any proper Liquor.

AVU1. 1 he Decoaion and lnfufion in Wine. . Thev
nave ajl the Virtues of the Juice and E (fence but
m a lefs degree, and therefore may be taken Morn-
ing and Evening , to a quarter of a Pint at a
time.

XIX. The Pouder of the Leaves. It has all thev
Virtues of the Juice and EJfence, but operates not
lo ipeedily, becaufe Nature mult firft Digelt it and
draw forth its Virtue in the Stomach : you mav
give it from a Scruple or 20 Grains, to a Dram or
Sy ^rainsraixt either wich Honey or fome proper

XX. The Pouder of the Seed. Being given
to a Dram.or more in aGials of Wine, it isan An-
ttdote or Counter Poifon, and prevails againft all
lorts of Poifon, whether inwardly or outwardly
received, and is good againft the pernicious Confe*
quences of dangerous Medicines ; but this, as alfo
the Pouder of the Leaves, confumes and deftrovs
the Seed, and caufes Barrennefs being often and
long taken.

XXI. The EleUuary. Take Ponder of the

Leaves and Seeds of Rue, of each 2 Ounces ; Car-
damoms, Cubebs, Cloves, Nutmegs, Winters Cinna-
mon, of each in fine Pouder , 2 Drams ; Virginia
Snake Root , Contrayerva, Zedoaty, Saffron , Cocht-
nele, Thebean Opium, of each in fine Pouder 1
Dram-, Clarified Honey 16 Ounces-, mix, and make
anEleHuary. It is a lingular good thing againft
the Plague and Pefttlence, and all Malign and Pefti-
lential Diftempers; having the Virtues of the
Juice, EJfence, and Ponders. Dofe from a Dram
“3 °r 3 Drams, Morning and Evening-, drinking
a Glafs of Wine after it. &

. XXH. Tic It was Invented

by Muhndates King of Pont us, and is thus made
Take 20 Leaves of Rue ; 2 Wall-Nuts ; 2 Figgs ■ a
Scruple of Saif, beat all together in a Mortar f a
Mafs. This is the quantity to be taken at a time
every Morning Fatting , and was the Antidote oj
Count er-Porf on of King Mitbridates, by which he
fecured himlelf that Day from any Poifon, as alfo
any Infectious Diftemper, and from the Plague it felfi

6 H ft

97° Salmon s Herbal . Lib. 1.

It is profitable alio againft the Stinging and Biting*
of Scorpions, Hornets, Serpents, Mad-Dogs, and
Other Venomous Creatures.

XXIII. The Cofmetick. Take Rue Wat er a Qiiaft -,
Juice of Rue a Pint -, Sal Nitre an Ounce and half
in fine Pouder -, mix, dijfolve and filter through ;
brown Paper. It is good againlt Wheals, Pimples,
Tanning, Sunburning, Scurft, Morphew, and other
Vices of the Skin : Bathed alfo on places pained,
it gives eafe to the lame. Or thus. Take of the
Tec dh on in Wine 3 Pints-, Sal Nitre an Ounce and
half-. Pepper in fine Ponder half an Ounce', mix,
digejt 7 Days in a gentle Sand heat , decant the clear ,
filter and keep it for L fie.

XXIV. The CoUyrium. Take Juice of Rue, Juice
of Fennel, of each a Pint ■, Honey 6 Ounces ■, Gall
of a Cock 2 Ounces mix , dijfolve, digeff a Week -,
and being well fettled, decant off the clear for ufe.
It heals Sore and Running Eyes, and helps Dimnefs
of Sight.

XXV. The Errhine. Take Pouder of the
Leaves and Seeds of Rue , Pouder of Nitre , of
each equal parts •, mix them. Being Snuft up the
Noftrils, it cleanfes the Head of cold, thick, and
glutinous Humors, and being now and than ufed,
it is good to prevent Apoplexies, Epilepfies, Le-
thargies, Vertigoe’s, &c. by bringing away the
Morbifick Matter.

XXVI. The Bath. A Tccottion made of the
Leaves of Rue 4 parts -, Bay Leaves 2 parts
Southernwood 1 part -, by boiling them in a fujficient
quantity of Fair Water , is of good ufe to Bath
luch in, and to fit in the fame who are troubled
with the Jaundice, Gout, Sciatica, Rheumatifms,
and other the like Difeafes, the Herbs being alfo
applyed warm to the parts affected. It helps alfo
the Swelling of the Cods, they being alfo Bathed
therewith.

XXVII. The Oil by TccoQicn or Infolation in Oil
Olive. It is made of the bruifed Herb , and ripe
Oil Olive, as you make Oil of Rofes. It warms and
heals, comforts the Nerves and Joints, ftrengthens
them, and is prevalent againft Trembling, Numb-
nefs Cramps, Convulfions, Palfies and Dead Pal-
fies. It is good againft the Wind Colick , as alfo
the Swelling, Hardnels and Windinefs of the
Womb, Vapors and Hyfterick Fits, if the (hare and
parts thereabouts , and other parts affeQed , be
anointed therewith.

XXVIII. Vnguentum Rutaceumy Ointment of Rue.
Take green Rue 4 Handfuls-, Mint, Origanum,
Penny -Royal, Sage, Wormwood , of each 2 handfuls-,
bruife them in a Mortar, put to them old or Salted
Hogs Lard a Pounds : digejt 4 Days in an Earthen
Vejj'el in Horfe-Dung , till the Creafe is Melted,
then prefs it out in a Prefs, and add new Herbs ,
repeating this Work 4 times. Take of this Tigefted
Lard 1 6 Ounces -, Deers Marrow,Oil of Bays, of each
4 Ounces Tacamahacca , Gum Elemi , of each 3
Ounces ■, Oil of Nutmegs by exprejfion 2 Ounces -,
Oils of Juniper Berries , of Rofmary , of Spike and
Petroleum, of each an Ounce of Cafiile or Genoa
Soap , 6 Ounces', Effence of Caftor, extra Jed with
Spirit of Wine rectified, 2 Ounces -, mix, and melt
them which are to be melted, with a gentle Fire ',
then add the Chymical Oils, at the end and make an
Ointment according to Art. It dilfolves, di Ruffes,
and heals, or elfe it maturates and brings to Sup-
puration. It is Anodyn, Carminative, and Arthri-
tick: good againft moft cold and moiltDifeafes of
the Head, Brain, Nerves, Stomach, Belly, Womb,
Reins, and Joints. It prevails againft the Gout,
Rheumatifm, Sciatica, Palfie, Dead Palfie, Cramps,
Convulfions, lofs of Memory, Catarrhs, Megrim,
Vertigo, Carus, Lethargy, Colick, weaknefs of the

Limbs, Rickets in Children. It dilfolves the hard
Tumors, Nodes and Gums in the Heft], and is of
lingular ufe againft all cold and moilt Difeafes
whatfoever.

XXIX. The Cataplafm. It is made of the bruifed
Herb 4 parts -, Cumin Seed 2 parts -, Oil- 1 part -,
adding a little Vinegar, and fo much Ccrufe as to
bring it to a Confifle/tcy. It is good againft pains
of the Stomach, Sides, Spleen, Reins, Belly, and
Womb} as alio the Gout whether in Hands or
Feet, being applyed as hot as it can be endured.

XXX. The Pickle. The Leaves are firft boil*
ed gently in Water, then being taken out and drain-
ed, they are put into Pickle, fuch as is ufed to
Samphire. This is kept by many to eat as Sawce
with Meat-, it is profitable againft Dimneis of
Sight, to warm a cold Stomach, and caufe a good
Appetite and Digeltion.

XXXI. The Di f illed Water. It is di Jit lied as
you diflill other Waters -, or rather after the manner
taught in the next Section. It has the Virtues of
the Juice and Effence , but vaftly weaker. It is a
goed Ophthalmick and Cofmetick *, and may beul'ed
as a Vehicle to convey other Preparations of the
Plant in. Being taken to 3 or 4 Ounces, a little
fweetned with Syrup of Citron Peels it gives
prefent relief in Fainting and Swooning Fits,
and to fuch as are troubled with pain and licknels
at Stomach.

XXXII. Spirit us Rutte, Spirit of Rue. Take
frefh Rue bruife it well, put it into a Wooden Vcjjel ,
and add to it warm Spring Water a fujficient quan-
tity-, and to every Gallon of the whole Alattcr , a
Pound of Sugar or Meloffos -, let it ferment for 3
Days , then put in more Water, and difiil in a
Copper Vefiea, drawing off a third part for Spirit
of Rue } and a third pari more for Rue Water, fcf
the ufes in the former Section, which keep apart }
and the Spirit you may rectify according to Art .
Or thus, Take frefo green Rue bruifed 4 Pounds *
Rectified Spirit of Wine 8 Quarts -, mix, digejt 48
Hours, then difiil in Balnco to drynefs. This Spi-
rit put upon as much more frefh Rue bruifed, digefi
and difiil as before , which repeat in like manner a
third time , if you would have a very (trong Spirit ,
and fully repleat with the Effential properties of the
Herb. It is hot and dry, piercing and attenuating,
difeufies and expels Wind, isCephalick, Neurotick,
Hyfterick, and Alexipharmick, ufed chiefly againft
the Plague and all other Malign Difeafes. It is
highly Sudorifick, expels Poifon, cures the Plurifie,
weaknefs of the Stomack, Colick, Griping of the
Guts, bitings of Mad Dogs, and all other Venomous
Beafts. It is profitable againft Agues, inwardly
taken 2 or 3 Hours before the Fit, and outwardly
bathed upon the Back Bone-, as alfo the Megrim,
Head-ach, Vertigo, Sicknefs at Stomach, Palpitati-
on at Heart, Surfeits, and the like. It is a provoker
of the Terms in Women, and therefore not be given
to Women with Child. Dofe from 1 Dram to 3,
in any Cordial Draught , or in a Glafs of Wine.
It facilitates the Birth, and forces away the After-
Birch and Dead Child.

XXXI II. Oleum Ruts, Oil of Rue. It is made al-
together in the fame manner as you make Oil of Rof-
mary Chymical. It is filled with the Effential Salt of
the Plant -, and by reafon it is of a quick and pene-
trating Quality, it ought to be given warily, and in
a fmall Dole, as from 2, to 6, or 8 Drops'} never
alone, but mixed with fome other convenient Medi-
cine, becaufe it has a Vehement heat and burning.
It has all the Virtues of the Juice, Fffence, Pouder,
Infufion and Spirit aforegoing, and may be given in
all thofe cafes, with the Caution now hinted.
. The way to take it is to drop the intended quantity

upon

upon Sugar, letting it foak into it, or mixing it
well with it, and then todiffolve the Sugar in fome
Cordial Water, or Wine, or Sack Whey, or other
Proper Vehicle, by' which means the Oil will be the
better incorporated therewith, and then it is to be
drunk up. ,

XXXIV. P otefl ater, or Rowers. Thefe haveall
the Virtues of the Juice, Effence, Spirit, and Oil
aforegoing, as alfo of the Elixir following. But
tho they may, and do much exceed the Juice, Ef-
jcnce, and Spirit in their ftrength by their Sublimi-
ty and Exaltation ; yet they fall below the Force
and Excellence of the Elixir, in the next SeSion ,

■ which anfwers to all the Intentions of the whole
Plant. Thefe Powers may be givenMorning, Noon,
and Night, from 40, to 80, or 100 Drops in a
Glafs of Wine, or other Liquor conducing to the
Intention for which they are given. They Facilitate
the Birth, bring away the After-Birth, and caule a
1 due cleaning altetwards.

XXXV. Elixir Ruta:, Elixir of Rue. Take
Vomers of Rue a Quart : Rue in fine Vouicr 4
Ounces : Ground very well in a hot Mortar with 2
Ounces of highly calcin'd Salt of Rue : mix all to-
gether, digejl cold for a Month , Jhaking the Glafs
once or twice a Day : then being fully fettled, de-
cant the clear Elixir, and keep it in a Glafs clofe
ft Opt for ufe. Or thus, Take of our Spiritus Left us
a Quart ; Rue in fineJPoudcr. 6 Ounces ; mix and di-
gejl cold for a Month, Jhaking the Glafs once or twice
a ‘Day-, then the laces being fubjiiei decant the
clear Elixir, and keep ft clofe Jlopt for life. It is
a great and' famous Antidote, and Counter Poifon,
not only againft all Vegetable and Animal Poifons’
but againft the molt contagious Malignity , and
mighty force of the Plague and Peftilence, whether
given as a Prophylaaick , or as a Curative. It is
alfo a powerful thing againft the Meafles, Small
Pox, Spotted Fever, and all forts of Malign
Burning, or Peftilential Fevers : It effeflually cures
the Bitings ofMad-Dogs, Rattle Snakes, Vipers,
and of all other Venomous Serpents or Creatures,
deftroying their Poifon in its&oor and Effence. It
drys up Watery Humors in Dropfies, eafes pains in
the Ears, being mixt with Oil of Bitter Almonds
and dropt into them. It helps dimnefs of Sight
being mixt with a Gall of a Cock and a little Honey’
and lb dropt into the Eyes. It eafes all forts of
Pains and Torments whatfoever, being inwardly
taken and outwardly applyed to the place; but
it is not too often to be taken inwardly, becaufe
it is apt to dty up and confume the Seed, and de-
llroy the Generative Power and Faculty. It helps
pains in the Brett and Sides, Stitches, Plurifies
inward bruifes, Coughs, Colds, Hoarfnefs, Wheez-
ing, ffiortnefs of Breath, Althma, Inflamation of
the Lungs, and the (baking Fits of Agues. It is
powerful againft the Wind Cholick, gripings in
the Guts, ficknefs and pain at Stomach, warming,
comforting and cheriffiing thofe parts, prevails
againft Surfeits, and caufes a good Appetite, and a
ftrong Digeftion. It is prevalent againft Vapors,
Fits of the Mother, and other difqrders of the
Womb: and being given in time of Labor, it faci-

c* Water, or fome other Cordial Water, or in Sack
Whey, or in a Glafs of Generous Wine, in the
Morning balling, and-at Night going to Bed, and
lometimes once or twice it* the Day beiides, accot-
v y°v« 16 %'Sency °f Ae Diieafe.

. XXXVI- The Spirituous TinSure. It has all
the Virtues of the Juice, EJJence, Spirit, Rowers
and E/mr, buf m a much lbwer degree of Powlr
and Efficacy: out it may be of good Service and
and ufe where the Powers or Elixir are not to be
had. It may be given from one Dram to three in
any Cordial Water , or Generous Wine, Morning
Noon, and Night. 6’

TinSure. Is is a peculiar
thing agamft the Plague and .Spotted Fever; and in
all malign and peftilential Difeafes ; it deftroys the
malignity, and fo extricates the Patient in the great-
elt danger, if the hopes of Life be notpaft. Dofe
40 or 60 Drops at a time in Scordium Water An-
gelica Water, or fome Generous Wine a a’ or A
times a Day.

p XX?M11^' The Oily TinSure. It provokes Urine
Powerfully, and is profitable againlt the Stone,
band Gravel , Strangury , and other Difeafes of
the Urinary parts; as alfo againft the Cholick
gripings of the Guts, Wind and other Difeafes of
the bowels. Inwardly taken Morning, Noon, and
Night, from 1 j to 30 Drops or more, it is a moft
excellent thing againft numbnefs, Trembling of the
Limbs and Palfie, more efpecially if the parts
jfteaed and Spina Dorjl, be Morning and Night
f“ fome “Stable time.
AXX1X The Saline Tinlture. It is chiefly for
External ufes gives eafe in the Gout in Hands or
Feet and other like pains in the External parts of
the Body. It is alfo a good Cofmetick, and is pro-
htable againlt Tanning, Sunburning ScurfF Mor-
phew Pimples Putties, Difcolorings, Tettars
King- Worms, and other Breakings out, and Defor-
mtties of the Skin; the Skin (firft waffit dean with
warm Water) being waffit or bathed therewith e or
3 times a Day.

CHAP. DCV,

Of RUE Medow.

L JW Ic is called in Greek, Barts:

litates th^Birth ,yand brings away the After-Birth,
and after a very admirable manner eithei*prevents
or Cutes After-partis. It effeftually kills Worms of
all forts, whether in old or young, and outwardly
applyed eafes pains of the Gout, proceeding from
a cold Caufe, whether in the Hands, Knees, Hips,
or Feet , for which it is a very admirable thing!
Outwardly by bathing it alfo upon the Back Bone,
it is very beneficial againft the Fits of Agues. It
may be given from half a Dram, to a Dram or
mote, mixt with fome proper Syrup, or in Angeli-

resr, & earinas, i Vireo, as fome

think, eo quod dum germine protrudit eleganter
virect: in Latino, ThaliSrum ; ES’T halietrum alio
Ruta paluflris & Ruta pratenfis: and fome ’have
called it Vigamum, quaPt , nib««r, which is Ruta -
others Ffeudo-rhabarbarum (but very unproperlv
for it is no Rheubarb of any kind) but 1 fupnofe
they fo called it from the yellow color of the Root
and its truly purging and binding Qualities in all
which, it is very like to Rheubarb. In Englifh
Aleaovo Rue. * J ’

, II; fhe Kinds. Authors make ten or more Kinds
of this Plant, but we (hall deferibe only the five
following, as being Inhabitants of our Country or
of our American Plantations. 1 . ThaliSrum mains
vulgare Lobehj-, Ruta Sylveflris Cefalpini, Riga-
mum Lugdunenfis I ThaliSrum Germanicum lat, fo-
lium Camerarij-, Saxifrage Lutea Gefneri ; Our
common greater Medow Rue. 2. ThaliSrum ma-
jus album Hifpanicum ; ThaliSrum ttalicum Camera-
rij, Great Spaniffi Me3oW Rue. 3. ThaliSrum
minus, Dodonxi, Ruta pratenfis tennifo/ia Lobelii

<h2 ' Wats

& aliorim ■, Hypecoum Lugdunenfis , The fmaller
Medow Rue. 4. Thal'dlrum Americanum , Tba-
Vittrum Virginianum, VirginiaMedow Rue. 5. Tha-
lift rum Americanum , i^/’ Virginianum minus pur -
pur gum. The letter purple Virginia Medow Rue.

T/?e Defcrzptions.

III. Thefirfi, or Our common Medow Rue. Has
a Root which is yellow and ftringy. , fpreading much
in the Ground , and Jhooting forth new Sprouts round
about zvith many herby green Stalks , two Feet high ,
crefied or cornered thejfflnbole lengthy fet with Joint s

Rue Medow great.

narrow Husks like little Cods , four or Jive growing
together.

V. The fecond , or Great Spani.fh Medow Rue.
Its Root is much like the former • but its Leaves are
much larger , and more divided on the edges ,

/b ///&■ unto Columbine Leaves , that they may eafily
deceive one not well acquainted therewith , 40/ drf
/foy /o^br, of a J adder color , fl ending on long
foot Stalks , among which rifes up a firong round
Stalky three Feet high at leaf} , Branching forth into
2 or 7, parts , with Le/tVes at their fever a l Joints ;

/fo /0/j.r whereof (land many fmall round ycllowifh
Buttons , /’/7 a Tuft together cnclofed in a white Skin,
which breaking ^ each Button Jhezcs it felf to be a
fmall Tuft of Threads, like the former but greater >
and of a white color , but tipt with yellow , and feme -
thing purplifh at the bottom , of a firong Smell, and
abiding long in Flower , if it grows not too open -,
and then falls away like fhort Threads. The Seed is
like the former, but greater, and the Roots are yel-
low like it, which retain neither Stalk nor Leaf all
Winter, but fhoot forth a new the next Spring.

VI. The third, or Smaller Medow Rue. Its
Roots likewife are yellow, but do not fpread or creep
fo much as the former. This fmall kind is in a l *
mofi all refpetts like unto the firfi , but fmaller

Rue Medow fmall.

here and there, and many large Leaves on them, as
well lit below, being divided into fmaller Leaves,
nicked or denied in the fore fart of them, of a fad
green color on the upper fide, and a pale green un-
derneath. Towards the tops of the Stalk, fever al
Jhort Branches Jhoot forth , on every one of which
Hands 2, or, 3 or 4 fmall round Heads or Buttons,
which breaking the Skins which enclofe them, Jhew
forth a Tuft of pale greenitb yellow Lhrcads, which
falling away, fmall three corneredCods come in their
places , wherein is contained f mall long and round Seed.
The whole Plant as well Leaves as Flowers have a
more firong unpleafanl Smell than the next following
Kind.

IV. Gerard deferibes "this Plant thus. Its Root
js yellow , long, round and knotty, difperftng it felf
jar abroad under the upper Crufl oj the Earth. It
has large Leaves parted or divided into divers other
fmall Leaves, fomewhat fnipt about the edges, of a
black or dark green color. The Stalks are crefied
or freaked of a purple color , growing to be two
Cubits high-, at the tops whereof grow many fmall
and hairy white Flowers, and after them come fmall

both in its Leaves, which are of a little frejher green
color and fomewat more Jhintng : and in its Stalks ,
which are round and not crefied: and in its Flowers
jlfo, wbfh as- they are lejjer, are fometwat whiter

Gerard thus delctibes it. T hh fmdycini
is very like unto the firjl Species, but that it is alto-
gether letter ■, its Stalks are a Span, or Foot long s
its Leaves are thinner and tender -, its Root :s fine
and fender-, and the lir/e Flowers grow together m
[mall Bundles or Tufts, of a light yellow color , al-
mofi white, and are of art unpleafant Savor.

VIII The fourth, or V trginp Medow Rue. Thu
in its Fate or outward appearance is fa like the

Chap. 605.

(/j Herb,

cond or Great Spanifh Kind, that they can fcarcely
be known af under ; but that this is jul/er of Stalks
and Leaves. The Flowers at the tops of the Branch-
es, are at firjl of a pale blujh color • but being blown
open, confifl of five white Leaves ; and a great num-
ber of while Threads in the noddle tipprwith
yellow.

IX. The fifth, or Teller purple Virginia Medow
Rue. This Is in almofi all ref pelfs much like the for-
mer, but J. mailer ; and differs mojl in the color of its
Flowers, which in this are of a purple colot: tipt
with yellow.

X. The Places. The firft grows in many
places in England, in the borders of moift and
plalhy Medows and by Ditch lides. The fe-
cond is alfo found in our moift Medows and
by Ditch fides but near the Sea , as at Margate
on the Chalkcy Clift on the left Hand, as you
go from the Town to the Sea fide, and in other
places farther from the Sea. But this grows alfo
in Spain, from whence it has been brought to us,
whence came the Name of Spanifh Medow Rue,
but is truly a Native alfo of England. "The fifth
grows alfo in lower Grounds by River fides. All
thefe Gerard fays grow along Ditch fides leading
from Kentijh Street to St. Thomas Waterings, (the
place of Execution) on the right Hand. They grow
alfo upon the Banks of the Thames leading from
Black-wall to Woolwich, near London , and in feve-
ral other places. The two lalt came to us from
Virginia.

XI. The Timet. They all Flower in the Months
of July and AuguJI -, and the Cods of Seed are
ripe in fome Ihort time after.

XII. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the
fecond Degree, is Ablterfive, Aperitive, and gently
Cathartick or Soluble.

XIII. The Specification. It is ufed to cure the
Plague or Pellilence, and the Yellow Jaundice : and
is profitable for fuch as have the Falling-ficknefs.

XIV. The Preparations. There is, 1. The herb
it fielj, ufed as a Pot lleitb. 2. A Juice or Effence.
3. A Decotlion of Roots or Leaves in Ale. 4. A
Decotlion of the fame in Water. ;. A Cataplafm
of the Leaves. 6. A Ddhlled Water. 7. An Acid
Tinilure of Roots, Leaves , and Flowers. 8. A
Saline Tinilure of the Roots.

The Virtues.

XV. The F refit herb and Roots. They are com-
monly ufed as Pot-Herbs , with other Herbs; and
if they are put in plentifully, they gently purge
the Belly, and provoke to Stool; but the Roots
more than the Leaves.

XVI. The Juice or Effence of the Roots and
Leaves. They open ObftruGions of the Vtfcera,
and cleanfe : and being taken from 2 Spoonfuls to
4 or 5 , or more , they very pleafantly and eafily
purge and cleanfe the Belly of thiak , clammy and
grois Humors. They are profitably given againft
the Plaguy.'jnd all other malign, contagious, and
peltilenrial Diltempers. In Saxonie the Juice is ufed
agnitfft the Jaundice-, it is indeed profitable in that
Cure , if fome Antimonial Emerick be given once or
twice beforehand. Lttgdunenfis in transferring the
Name Pigamum to Medow Rue, does therewith
aferibe to it a Virtue proper to Rue, as if it did
belong to this , viz. that it raifes or reftores him
out of his Fit, that is troubled with the EpHepfic
or Falling Sicknefs , if fome of the Juice of it be
put up into his Noftrils, and kept there a while.

97 'j

XVII. The decotlion of the Roots or Leaves in
Ale. Being drank pretty largely , it provokes to
Stool and gently purges; but th e Decotlion of the
Roots is more powerful tljan that of the Leaves ■
and carries off much of the Morbifick Matter of
the Jaundice and Epilepfie.

XVIII. The Decotlion of the Roots or Leaves in
Water Being walhed upon the places troubled
with Vermine or Lice, whileft it is very warm it is
find perfeGly ro deftroy them; befides it drys up
““Sores, and moift running Scabs, the places
effected being bathed therewith very hot, 2 or 3
times a Day or more, for near half an Hour at a
time ; it warms, comforts, loolens, and opens the
Fores of the Scabs, Ulcers,, and Flelh, as alfo the
Skin adjacent thereto, and powerfully attraQs and
and draws forth the Virulent and Morbifick
Matter.

XIX. The Cataplafm of the Leavls. It is made
by beating them in a Mortar frelh and green- and
fo applied to old Sores it brings them to cicatrizing
and does perfeGly cure old Ulcers, as Diofcohdcs
lays; and Galen fays, it dryes without any heat or
Iharpnefs.

XX. The Diflilled Wattor of the Roots, Leaves
and Flowers. It has the Virtues of the Juice '
Effence, Decotlion, and Cataplafm ; but is not fo
powerful in its efteGs: but if a little Nitre be dif-
lolved in it, it becomes a good Cofmctick.

XXL The Acid Tinilure of Roots, Leaves, and
Flowers. It has all the Virtues of the Juice and
FJJence-, and a Specifick againft the Plague or
Feltilence, and all forts of malign and pc-ftilential
Diltempers. Dofe4o, jo, or 60 Drops in all that
the Patient drinks , as alfo in all his Broth or
Spoonmeat, except it is made of Milk.

XXII. The Saline TinOure of the fame. It is
very Abfterfive, and a great cleanfe of the Flelh
and Skin from Pimples, Pufhes, Tertars, Ring-
worms, Scabs, Itch, running Sores, ScurfF, Mor-‘
phew, and other breakings out, and withall kills
Lice, and other Vermine , to which the Patient is
SubjeG, being ufed very hot 2 or a times a Day
and for fome confiderable time , as nearly half an
Hour, every time it is ufed ; ir opens the Pores of
the Flelh and Skin, and draws forth powerfully the
Purulent and Morbifick Particles of the fame.

CHAP. DCVI.

R U E -

L r| ' H E Names. The Greeks knew nothing
JL hereof; the Latines call it Galega , Rut a
Capraria, alfo Herba Gallica, as F racaftorius does :
in I.nglifh it is called Goats-Rue.

II. the Kinds. Thofe which Authors have
chiefly taken notice are thefe two, r. Galega vel
Ruta Capraria Vulgaris , Our common Goats-Rue.
2. Galega Monlan^ugdunenfis, Mountain Goats-
Rue.

* 1

n

lift

974

Salmon s ‘Herbal. Lib. 1.

Rue Goats.

this place, having largely treated of the fame in
Chap. 520 aforegoing: laving, that whereas we
were fomething defective in that Chapter as to the
leveral Preparations of them , and their refpe&ive
Ufes and Applications ; we Ihall endeavour to add
and make amends here, for what we were deficient
in there.

IV. The remaining Preparations. To thofe ten
in the laid Chapter , enumerated ^ we add the fix
following particulars, vis. i. The Green Herb.
2. A Rob of the Juice. 3. A Syrup of the Juice.
4. An Oil of the Flowers. 5. A Spirit , from the
whole Plant. 6. A Wafh .

ful in Wine or fome other proper Vehicle to kill
Worms in Children.

VII. The Syrup of the Juice. It is of good ufe
in the Plague, and all forts of Peftilenrial Difeafes
being taken in Treacle Water, or fome other Anti-
dotal Vehicle looming and Night, both as a pro-
phyla&cik and as a Curative : if the Perfon is In-
ie£led it will be good to put them to Bed, and
caufe them to Sweat two or three Hours thereupon.
Dofe 3 or 4 Spoonfuls at a time. It is given alfo
again!! the Mealies and Small Pox, with the fame
Succefs.

VIII. The Oil of the Flowers by Infolation or De-
cotfion. Anointed upon the Navel it is faid to kill
Worms in the Belly. Anointed on the Stomach,
Back Bone, Crown of the Head, and Temples, it
has been found profitable againft the Epilepfie or
Falling-ficknefs. Anointed all over the Belly, ic
gives eafe in the Colick, gripings of the Guts, and
Convulfions of the Bowels.

IX. The Spirit from the whole Plant. It is
Angularly Cordial, and profitable againlt all Pelti-
lential and Infe&ious Difeafes, having all the Vir-
tues of the Juice , Effcnce , lnfufion , or Tinctures ,
and may be given to a Spoonful at a time mixed
with the Syrup. It preferves and defends the Heart
againlt Palpitations, Faintings, Swoonings, Sick-
nefs at Stomach, and other like Difeafes of the
Precordia , and is an Antidote againlt Melancholy
Vapors opprefiing the Spirits.

X. The Wafh. It is made by a mixture of the
Spirit , Juice , and Wine Vinegar in equal parts.
Being applyed very hot to the part, it defends it
againlt Gaogreens, and prevents their running far-
ther ; is profitable to cleanfe and heal running Sore£
and Uicers, to deltroy their Malignity, to prevent
their fretting and fpreading; and to defend the Vi-
tal Powers from danger , more efpecially if it be
bathed alfo upon the Region of the Heart, and
over the whole Belly.

CHAP. DCVII.

Of RUPTURE-WRORT.

The Virtues.

0 R ,

BURST - WORT.

V. The Green Herb. It makes good Food or
Fodder for Sheep, Goats, Cows, Oxen, and other
Cattle whom it Feeds and Fattens very well : being
chopt lmall , and mixt with Bran and Barly Meal,
and given to Hens, is faid to fatten them alio, and
to make them to lay Eggs plentifully. Reduced
into Pouder , and taken ro a Dram Morning and
Evening in a Glafs of choife Canary, it is a prefer-
vative againlt the Infection of the Plague or of any
other Malign, Contagious, Epidemieal or Peftilen-
tial Difeafe, and to kill Worms in Children.

V I. The Rob of the Juica^ Take the Expreffed
Juice, Qurifie it with Wfifles oPfeggs^ then Eva-
porate it to the thicknels or new Honey, or fome-
thing thicker : to every l&und rof which add, half
a Pound of double Refined Sugar : melt, mix, and
keep it for Ufe. It has the Virtues of the Juice
and Effence , tho’ not altogether fo powerful, be-
cause many of the Volatile Particles are loft in the
abfumptionj but is of great ufe in making the
Elettuary, and in that Cafe much tranfeends Honey,
it may be taken from half a Spoonful to a Spoon-

I. 'T 'HE Names. It has no Greek Name that
X we know of, unlefs you will allow of
vE(X7nrejv Empetron , which Tragus and Lonicerus
give it, yet can fcarcely be admitted of, becaufe
it is more peculiar to Sampire: in Latine it is
called Herniaria, and Herniola : in Englifh Rup-
ture-wort, and Burft-wort .

II. The Kinds. The Chief Sorts which are molt
ufual with us are, 1. Herniaria major , Herniaria.
vulgaris Empetron Tragi & Tonic erh, Polygonum
minus Matthioli , who calls it alfo nv
Nonnullis, Millegrana Sfuibiifdam, Herniola • Epi-
pahUs Anguilane Herniaria multigrana ferpilli
folio Pence in adverfaria Herba Turca Lobelij &
Qcefalpini •, Herba Cancri minor Cordi, in his Scboli-
odes-, & Millegrana, in his Hi fioria Plant arum ■
Polygonum minus , feu Millegrana major Baubini \
but generally Herniaria by Came ran us, Dodoneus
Gefner, Gerard, Lugdunenfis , Tabernamontanus
and Th alius. Our common Rupture- wort, or the
greater Rupture- wort. 2, Herniaria major Afri-
cans

Chap. 607. “Englijb “Herbs.

975

'tana , A trican great Rupture- wort. 3. Herni-
aria minor * Millegrana minima Lobelij • Herm-
aria altera Tbalij $ Herniola ^ "Polygonum mini-
mum , /for Millegrana minima 'Bauhini The
ffnall or ftnalleft Rupture-wort.

T/?e Defcriptions .

^ III. The firft, or Our common Rupture-wort ^
Greater Rupture-wort. 7/ has jj ^ry

and. [mail , thrujhng it fe/f deep into the
Ground : from which fpring up many /mail Branches
or Stems , rwW ^ Ground. \ about a

Rupture-wort Common.

V. The third, or Small or 1'maUer Rupture-
wort. Us Root is fmall but not Jo long os
the former: it rifes up with fmall thready
Stalks , but with fewer Joints , having loig
narrow Leaves , Jomelbing rough and hairy
Jet at them ; fuller of Branches towards the
tops , where the Blowers and Seed do grow ,
like as in the other , and in as plentiful a man-
ner a/fo.

VI. The firft of thefe Plants Gerard does thus
delcribe. It has a Root which is Jlendcr and Jingle ,
a low creeping Herb , having many long l lender
Branches trailing on the Ground , yet very tough
and full of little knots , fomewhat reddijh ; upon
which do grow many fmall Leaves like fhvfe of
Time: among which come forth , little yellowijh
F lowers, which turn into very fmajl Seed , and a
great quantity thereof, ( conftdenng the fmallnefs of
the Plant) growing thick and cluflering together by
certain /paces. The whole plant is j a yf/lowijh
green color.

VII. The Places. The firft grows inmanit Coun-
tries in England, as well as in feveral others, in
dry Barren Grounds, where it will he fmall; and
in the moifter Places alfo; but not in Inch as are
Boggle, or Moorilh which are not ihadowed. The
fecond grows near Tunis in Africa, where Gujllame
Boel gathered it, from whence it has been brought
to us and tranfplanted into our Gardens. The third
grows in dry Chalky and Sroney Grounds in Kent,
and other Countries. Johnfon in Gerard lays, that
h« found it in Kent , on a Heath not far Irom Chifte-
hurjl , in the Month of July.

VIII. The Times. They are frelh and green and
Flower in May, June, July, and Augujl ; and per-
fect their Seed in the mean time.

IX. The Qualities. It is cold in the firft Degree,
and dry in the lecond ; Styptick or Aftringenr Di-
uretick and Nephritick.

X. The Specification. It is faid to Cure Rup-
tures of the Peritoneum , to (top all forrsof Fluxes
of the Bowels and of the Womb , to give cafe in
the Strangury, and provoke Urine.

XI. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. A Juice or E/fence. 2. A Decoffion m
Wine or Water. 5. A Pouier of the Dryed Herb.
4. A Catap/afm of the Green Herb.

The Virtues.

Span or more long , which are divided into many
other f mailer and almoft thready parts, full
of fmall Joints , fet very thick together ; where-
at come forth likewife, a great number of exceed-
ing fmall yellowijh Flowers , fcarcely to be dif-
cerned from the Stalks and Leaves , which turn
into Seed as fmall as the very Duft. This
Plant has neither Smell nor Tafte at firft-
but afterwards it has a little Styptick or
Aftnngent Tafte, without any heat , yet a
little bitter and Jharp withall. The Cut which
we have given you here is from Matthiolus
his Epitome, but the Cutter has not well re-
prefented the vaft number of Flowers and Seed
at every Joint with which this Plant is ufuallv
replenifhed. 1

IV. The fecond, or African great Rupture-
wort Thu in its Roots , Stalks, Leaves
Branches, Flowers , Seed, form and manner
of growing, differs little from the former-
Joying that this is fomething greater and
l?r&er; grows more upright, and is fuller of
branches.

XII. The Juice or EJfence. They provoke Urine
and are laid to break the Stone if it is compofed of
a Gritty Subitance : yet they ftop all forts of Fluxes
or the Belly and Womb ; and are profitable to con-
glutmate Ruptures of the Bowels in young people
bemg taken lor 40 Days together, the Patient lying
all the time in Bed. Dofe 2 Spoonfhis at a time
Morning, Noon and Night, in a Glafs of Red
Styptick Wine; given in the fame Dofe in White
Port or Lisbon, it provokes Urine, and is profita-
ble again!! the Strangury.

XIII. The Decollion of the Herb in Wine or

Water. It has all Virtues of the Juice arid
Effenee, and may be given at like times from a quar-
ter ot a Pint to half a Pijjr. u

XIV. The Pouder bflfie dried Herb. A Dram
of it taken at a time , Morning and Evening in
a Glafs of White Wine is good againlt the
Strangury , and for fuch as are troubled with
Gravel in the Reins or Bladder, cauling to make
Urine plentifully. Taken in Red Styptick Wine
it ftops Fluxes of the Bowels , and helps’
Ruptures.

XVI. The

tn6 Salmons

XV. The Cat dp Inf m of the Greer. Herb \ It is
an excellent thing to conglutinate Green or Frelh
Wounds, and to heal them being applyed thereto:
and is profitable to itop Defluxions of Rheum,
from the Head upon the Eyes, Nofe, or Teeth, be-
ing bound upon thole parts : It is profitable alfo to
dry up the moifture of moil! and running Ulcers ,
being put upon them, they being ltrewed over firit
with the Poudcr.

c H A P. DCVIIt.

Of RUSHES.

J. '~jr' H E Names. The E ujh is called in Am-

1 bick , Dis : in Greek, s*"'©- ( a Loris (3
E mibus:) in Latine, J uncus ( kjungendo J from
the fame ufe, of binding things together : and in
Englifh, Ljtsjh.

II. The Kin Is. Authors have given us
almolt thirty feveral forts of Rufhes , moll
of which grow neither in our Brittijh Iftands,
nor yet in any of our Forreign Weft-lndia
Plantations; the moft ufual with us are the
thirteen following, viz. i. AUrifcus Plinij
Bauliino (if Gaza-, Hohfchnms ; J uncus Flori-
dus, which fome take to be, Gladiolus Palu-
Jjris , as Lugdunenfts thinks; others call it Scir-
pus, tho’ the Ancients (as it is thought) took
them to be different Plants: yet Terence in
Andria , fays , Junci Species eft Scirpus l trots
£? enodis : and fuch a one is this Rufh, having
neither Joint or Knot in it, whence came the
Proverb, Nairn in Scirpo querere , fpeaking
of fuch as fcruple or doubt, where none is to
be made or found. It is called by Diofcondes
ro/i; Co ttis , J uncus Levis ; but fome think the
Text is there corrupted , and that it ought
to be vQ’ V.dsA, Juncus pa/uftrss, as Vauh/s
JEgineta calls it, which Hcrmolam Barbaras
obferved alfo; Juncus graniit Holofchtnos Do-
doniti (3 Gefneri ; Hohfchstnos Tbeophrafti Lug-
clune nfe ; June us paluftrh major Tragi-, J uncus
aquaticus (3 L.evis maximus Lobe h j , aliorum-
que ; Our common great Bull Ruth. ' i. Jun-
eits Lsvis vulgaris ; June us five Scirpus Me-
ditts Bauhini ; Juncus Sylvaticus Tabernumon-
tani. Our common fort of fmooth Wa-
ter Rulh , or middle fort of Bull Rufh. 3.
Juncus Ltevis panicu/a fiparfiu major, Juncus
vulgaris alter Tragi ; Juncus Ltevis (3 vulga-
ris^Cordi, Dodonei, (3 Lobelij-, Oxyfchenos An-
guillara (3 Lugdunenfts , Another fort of great
l’moot Rufh. 4 Juncus Lavis panicttla fiparfia
minor Bauhini, The lmaller Bull Rulh with dif-
perfed Tufts. 5 . Juncus Ltevis Flore Glomerate
Lugdunenfts ,- Round Headed Ruth. 6. Juncus
acutiis vulgaris , tofffu Gxyjchsnos ; Juncus
acutus (3 ajper ; Juncus acutus vu/gatior Dodonai,
(3 Lobelij , Out common fmall hard Rufh. 7.
Oxyfichtenos five Juncus ^Hltus Cambro Brit ant cu s ,
Our Welch fhavp Rulh. 8. Juncus acutus Maritimus
Anglicus, Englifh Sea hard Rufh. 9. Juncus Capi-
tttHs Equifieti-, Juncus aquaticus minor capitulis
equifieti Lobelij-, Juncus clavatus Dalecbampij
Lugduncnfie , The greater Aglet Headed Rufh.
10. Juncus capitulis equifieti alter-. The leffer Aglet
Headed Rufh. 11. Juncus Flortius major-, Ca/a-

Herlal. Lib. J.

megrof it fccunda Tragi •, Juncus floridus Cameron],
Lugdunenfts & Matthioli * Juncus Cyper oides flori-
dus paludofus Lobelij , The greater flowering Cy-
perus Rulh. J3. Juncus Gr amine //>•, Juncus
Maritimus ; Gramen Juncus Maritimum Gerardi ,
Sei Rufh , Marfh RufR Grafs , called by fome
Goofe Corn.

The Defcriptions.

III. 'the f/fij or Our common great Bull Rufh.
Its Root is of a blackifh brown color , grows fome -
what great and Jloping , with feveral Fibres or
Strings thereat. It fends forth feveral tall foft ,
round and fmooth Shoots , which are the Rulhes,
of -a, frefh pale green color , greater and larger than

Ball Ra/h great.

any of the other fort of Rudies , hiving certain
Sheaths like Leaves, encompajfing them at the bot-
tom, and pointed at the ends, but not jharp, full of
a white Pith, which are ferviceablt ’, ( the outward
Rinde being peeled away ) for Lights , to make
Rufh Candles of, being dipt into Suet or Tallow.
Towards the tops of which Rufhes on the one fide,
break forth feveral fmall brownijh Cbajfte Heads,
each upon a Jhort foot Stalk , in which are con-
tained three corner’d blackifh Seed.

IV. The feconi, or Our common fort of
fmooth Water Rulh, or middle fort of Bull
Rufh Its Root is not great as the former ,
but are a Bujh of Strings or Threads. This
Rulh is tn all things like the foft, but much
leffer and Shorter, having a wbitijb Pith with-
in , as the other has , which ferves for the like
\Jfes ; but the Heads are longer-, and the Tuft
or Panicle is clofe , and not fpread open m the

Chap. 608. ‘Englijb Herbs.

977

, V. The third , or Other fort of great fmooth
Rufll. The Root of this is bujhy like the left juft
now defcribed. And this other greater fort is
■very like to it, faving that it grows with a lejfer
ftore of Rulhes, of a darkijh green color ; and
the Tuft, or brownifh Panicle alfo , is more fpread
abroad at large , each part of it Jianding upon
a pretty long foot Stalk, and is broad below, and
pointed upwards.

VI. The fourth , or Smaller Bull Rufll with
difperfed Tufts. This differs from the greater
fort juft before defcribed , only in the fmall-
nefs of the Plant, it growing in drier Ground ;
which fame fuppofe to be the Caufe of it's
fmallnefs.

VII. T be fifth , or Round Headed Rufh.

Its Root is Bujhy like to the feconl fort above ^
from which rife up fever al Shoots , like to
that Kind alfo , and pithy within like it:

The chief efi difference confifis in thit , that the
Tufted Heads ft and fo?ne thing clofe together 5 are
round and not pointed at all.

VIII. The Jixth , or Our common fmall
hard Rufhes. They have a Jhort bujhy , fibrous
or firingy Root-, from whence come forth feve-
ral Shoots they grow in the fame manner
a* the others do, but that fometimes the
Stalks or Rufhes , fend as it were other
Rufhes out of their fides , or one from ano-
ther, and not all from the Root feparately
as the others. They are alfo hard and Jharper
pointed, .with little or no Pith within them , yet
are they hollow , porous or fpongy , and Weir
Tufts at the upper end of the Rulhes are fmall,
bard, fpread abroad, and Jhort , which break out
near the tops at the others do,

IX. The fevenih, or Our Welsh (harp Rufll.
its Root conjifts of a Bujb of brovmifli hard Fibres
or Strings. The Rulhes of this Kind are about
S or -j Inches long or more-, fomething great
hard , and Jharp pointed-, from among which rife
up naked- Rulhes or Stalks half a Tard high-
and from between two Jhort Leaves , breaks

is ftar-fei Panicle, of fever al fmall
khajfy Husks , like unto Reed Grafs, of a brown-
ijh Color.

X. The eighth, or Englilh Sea hard Rufll. It
bat a long, hard, creeping and fibrous Root
with feyeral brown skinny Heads, out of which
rife thick, round , hard, long, and very Jharp
pointed Rufhes , from among which rife up other
Rujhy Stalks two or three Feet high, bearing
near the tops, about 5 Inches below them, a J lender
and long Panicle , compofed of many Chaffie Husks ,
which when they are ripe, open and ' fhew their
Seed.

XI. The ninth, or Greater Aglet headed Rufh.
It has a creeping Spreading Root, rcplenijhed
with many intricate Fibres, from which fpring
forth feveral fiender naked Rulhes, about a Foot
and half long , full of ahitijh Pith, and having
at the bottoms of them, certain reddijh Skins
cncompajfing them , and fearing each of ■ them
at their tops, a fmall Tat kin . or Aglet , like
the firft Head of an Afparagus, blooming with
fmall white Threads like a Plantain Head, which

XII. The tenth, or Lelfer Aglet headed Rulh.
It hat a creeping fibrous or Jiringy Root like the
former, from which rife up feveral Jhort Rulhes;
and from among them other fiender and taller
Rulhes about a Foot high, each of them bearing
I I fitch

Salmon’ s Herbal . Lib. 1.

fitch a like Aglet at the former, but fometbing

^xitl. The eleventh, or Greater Flowering Rulh,
or Greater Cvperus Ruih. It hat a long creeping
or f pi-ending Hoot, like the Rulhes, buffing out [With
many fibres-, from whence fpnng round Jnioolb
Rulh like Stalks two or three Cubits high, bearing
at the Head or top , a large fpreadjuft orhmbel
of pale bht(b colored flowers (which yet Tragus
fays are white) with fame Threads tipt with yellow
in the middle, which falling away, there come in
their places , [mail , round , blackiff Heads, which
contain within them fmall Seed. This Great
Flowering Cyperus Rulh, ns it differs from all the
other fins of Rulhes, fi it excels them all in Beauty,
and has fiveral Heads of heaves riftrtg from its
Root, like to thofe of Cyperus.

XIV. The twelfth, or Leffer Flowering Cyperus
Rulh. Its Root is fmall, whitijh, and Jointed-
from whence proceeds a fmall Stalk of a '. Hand
breadth high, having three long ffarp pointed Rulh
likcLeaves-, twowbereof rife higher than thebta/k-,
and at the top five flowers -, flowering one after
another ; after winch come two fmall round Heads
Jet together on each foot Stalk , of the largnefs of
the Candy bitter Vetch.

XV. T he thirteenth, Graroen junceum mantimum
Gerardi, or Sea Rulh, or Marlh Rulh Grafs, called
by fame Goofe Corn. It has a Root which confifh of
many fmall, long, and lough Strings, making a kind

Rufk Grafs.

of bufh as it were -, from which rffes up many Rulhy
heaves tough and hard , of a brown color , and well
refembling Rulhes. The Stalk or Stalks which are
one two, three, or more, are twice as high as
the’ Leaves, overtopping them as it were, and

ure bare and naked of Leaves unto the top •, which
are much thicker and larger than the Leaves , on
the tops of which are fuch Husks as on Rufhes,
with many fmall pretty cbojfie Buttons , or Heads ,
in which is contained the Seed.

XVI. The Places. The firlt five grow in Handing
Waters and by River fides , and in watery plafhy
Places^ and overflown Grounds, but the firlt ulually
in the deeper Waters, not only all over England ,
but alfo in Virginia , Carolina , and orher of’ our
Englijh Plantations in Florida. The fixrh, feventh
and eighth grow in Fields and by High way fides,
alfo in moilt and wade Grounds in all Counties of
England * but the feventh more particularly, Lobel
found upon a high Hill in Wales , called Bcwrin ,
in feveral wet and moorifh Grounds, in many places
thereabouts : and the eighth grows in feveral places
upon our Englijh Coaits. The ninth and tenth, both
in Flanders and England , and with us in Brooks,
Ponds, and orher moift places , as alfo in feveral
parrs of Wales. The eleventh in watery Ditches,
Pools and Plafhes in molt parts of this Kingdom.
The twelfth grows in moilt and watery Grounds,
and has been found to grow plentifully in feveral
places of Switzerland. The thirteenth grows in
watery and marfhy Places near to the Sea or other
Fenny Grounds, and in muddy and mirie Ditches
in feveral iplaces in England , not far from the
Sea.

XVII. The Times. The firlt five flourilh chiefly
all the Summer to the end of September, but abide
green all the Year. The fixth, feventh, and eighth
flourilh all the Summer Months alfo , and abide
in like manner always green. The ninth and tenth,
flourilh and are to be feen towards the end of
Summer. The eleventh and twelfth, Flower all
the Summer long , and their Seed ripens in the
mean Seafon. The thirteenth is green, and Flowers
in the Summer Months to the end of Augufi, and
its Seed is ripe in a (hoit time after.

XVIII. The Qualities. Rufhes are cold and dry
in the firlt Degree , Aftiingent , Narcotick and
notick.

IX. The Specification. The Root is profitable
againft the biting of the Phalangium : and the Seed
flops Fluxes, provokes Urine , and induces Sleep
pretty ftrongly , flopping the molt vehement
Cough.

XX. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, i. A DecoUion of the Root in Water. 2.
A Pouder of the Seed. 3. A Cataplafm of the hot -
toms of the heaves next the Root , and of the Root
it J elf.

T he Virtues.

XXI. The DecoUion of the Root in Water. It
induces Sleep , gives eafe in the molt vehement
Coughs, flops all Fluxes of the Bowels, and the
Terms in Women. The DecoUion ought to be
boiled two thirds away : Dofe a quarter of a Pint
Morning and Night.

XXII. The Pouder of the Seed. Given from
a Scruple to two Scruples in any fit Vehicle; it
provokes Urine, induces Sleep and Reft, flops all
Fluxes of the Bowels, and the Terms in Women,
and eafes a violent Cough : it ought to be given
with Caution, left the Patient fleeps the Sleep of
Death.

XXIII. The Cataplafm of the bottoms of the
Leaves and Roots. Being applyed ic is faid to
cure the biting of the Phalangium , or poifonous
Spider.

XXIV, Kota.

Chap. 609. “Engliflj Herbs .

919

XXIV. Kota. AIL the feverall forts of Rujhes
have one and the fame Virtues : but the Bull-
Rujhes as they are moft effectual to the purpofes
intended , fo they are only or chiefly in life.

CHAP. DCIX.

0/ RUSH NUT,

O R,

EDIBLE CYPERUS.

I. ' I v H E K times. It may be called, in Greeks
X Kemp©- Ketfun&t , x) , xagv'iv®- : in

Latine , Cyperus dulcis rotunda efculent us, Traji
dulce vocatus Cyperus ejculentus J uncus nuceus ,
Cyperus nuceus : in Englifb , The Nut Rujh , Nut
Cyperus , Edible Cyperus -, and fiy fome the Rujh
Nut , or Cyperus Nut.

II. The Kinds. We have but one Species of
this Plant, whofe name in Greek , Ctefalpinus , Clu-
fusy Columna , and Dalehampius upon Pliny , think
to be the h/Uhtvakd.KM , Malinathalla Theopbrafti ,
and that it is the Anthalium Phnij : it is alfo called
Dulcichinum ■, and by the Italians , Traji, by which
name the Roots are cryed up and down the Streets
in Italy, as Oranges and Lintons are cryed here. By
the Sicilians , called, Cajlanalos , becaufe the Roots
tafle like Cbeftnuts.

'The Defcription.

III. The Roots of this Plant are /mail , /cw£, and
round , and many of them f mailer at the one end,
than at the other , hanging or growing at the ends oj

Rujh Nut Flowering.

lorn Strings, Something like tothe manner of growing
of the Virginia Potatoes,?/ a pale rediijh color on the
out fide, and white and firm within, of the bignefs
of large Beans. They have a Jweet Smelt, no
bitter or aromatickTafie, as the other Sweet Cyperus
or Englifh Galangal has ; but they are pleafant to
the Taftt, eating like Cheftnuts* or rather more de-
licately. The Leaves of this Plant are long and
narrow like the other Cyperus’r in Chap. 187. afore-
going, with a thick Ridge in the middle , and Jbarp
pointed, being about half a Lard in length, from
among which rife up the Stalks, fmooth and without
Joints, three Jquare or triangular, very near two
Feet high: at the tops of which ft and five or fix nar-
row Leaves, comparing the Stalk, and j landing like
a Star-, out of the bottoms of which come forth pale,
yellowifh f piked Ears , which are the Flowers, and
in which lyes the Seed, after that their color is per-
JeUly wafted and decayed. Where note, the Root of

Rujh Nut without ¥ lowers.

that without Flowers is hot fo pcrfeUly deliniated
as it fhould be, for fometimes one St ring has more
than one, yea fome times, two, three, or more Tubers
adjoining to them as in the fir ft Cut.

IV. Johnfon in Gerard Defer ibes it thus. The
Italian Trail is a Plant that has many fmall Roots,
hanging at Jtringy Fibres, as our Ordinary Drop-
w on Roots do j but they are of the bignefs of a lit-
tle Medlar, and have one end fiat, and m it were
Crowned like a, Medlar: and it has alfo Jeveral
f reaks of Lines , feeming to divide it into fever al
parts. It is of a brownifh color without, and white ’
wlhtf, the Taj} e whereof is fweet almoft hkc a
Cheltnut. I he Leaves are very like thofe of the
Garden Cyperus, and never exceed a Cubit in
length. It ss encreafcd by fetting the Roots, at

WateT™1^ November> bein& f’f JhePed m

V. Not a. Pona in his Defcription of Mount
Baldus, confidently affirms, thar hi had found it
by experience, in fullering the Plant to grow un-

^ 1 2 remov’d

980

Salmon s Herbal . Lib. L

remov’d for three or four Years, that it bears nei-
ther Stalk, nor Flower, nor Seed. And Clufius in
his Annotations on Bellonius , Lib. 2. Chap. 40.
gives a Figure without Flowers, as if itbears none$
but certainly both Pona and Clufius (if he thought
fo) might be both as much deceived in this matter,
as they that affirmed the Colocafis , 01 Arum JEgyp-
tium , which is the Carolina Eddo , in Chap. 241.
aforegoing, never bore Flower, which Columna has
difprov'd. But Matthiolus , C&falptnus , Lobe l. Do-
donaus , and Columna , do all fay, that this Cyperus
or J uncus efculentus , has both Stalk, Flowers and
Seed, and do give the Figure thereof, in all their
Works.

VI. The Places. It is faid to grow Naturally
no where but at Verona in Italy: But Amatus Lu-
jitanus fays, that they are brought out of /Ethiopia
and S. Thomas If and ■, and it is faid that they grow
in Sicilia , and other hot Countries where they are
Planted as being a pleafant kind of Food. They
would grow no doubt naturally and plealantly in
our Weft-Indies , if they were once Planted there : but
with us in England they grow in Gardens , being
nurlt up with care, but come not up to that abfo-
lute perfeCbion which they do in hotter Climates,
becaufe they will not abide the extremities of our
Winters ■ for as Canter anus fays, the Roots will Rot,
if they be not taken up before Winter , and new
Planted again in the Spring after that they have
been for fome time before hand laid in Water.

VII. The Times. As to the Seafons of its Flow-
ering or Seeding, Authors have obferved nothing:
but the Roots are taken up for eating, a little be-
fore Winter , at which time they are then iaid
to be come to their perfe&ion.

VIII. The Qualities . They are Temperate in
refpett to heat or coldnefs, drynefs or moifture,
Ablterfive, Aperitive, Pe&oral, Analeptick, and
Spermatogenetick.

IX. The Specification. It is profitable again ft
Obfirucf ions of the Lungs •, and to flop Fluxes of
the Bowels, as Diarrhea, Dyfentery, v c.

X. The Preparations. You have, 1. The Raw ,
or Resiled. , or Boiled Roots or Nuts. 2. An Emul- j
/ion. Cream or Milk. 3. A Decotfion made in Beef
cr Mutton Broth.

* The Virtues .

XI. The Raw , or Rofled , or Boiled Roots. They
are eaten as you eat Cbeflnuts * and fo eaten with a
Glals or two of Canary , Malaga , or fome other
choife Wine , they nourifh and reftore much, are
good againft Confumptions ^ and is faid by fome
Ac .ors to incite to Venery, being eaten for fome
considerable time. They abforb Acidities, and
allay the fharpnefs of Humors in the Bowels ,
cool the heat of Urine, and (top Fluxes of the
Belly, as Diarrhaca’s, Dyfenterias and Lienteria’s.

XII. The Emulfton, Cream, or Milk. Itnourilhes
much and reftores in Confumptions, more efpecial-
ly if it is made with the ftrong Broth of Flefti •,
and fo made and taken with fome Generous Wine,
it more powerf ully excites to Venerial' aCbions: In
a word, it has all the Virtues of the Simple Roots ,
but ftrengthens more fpeedily and with greater vi-
gor : It eafes a violent Cough , and expectorates
Flegm out of the Lungs.

XIII. The DecoSion in Beef or Mutton Broth.
It is made of the Roots fliced or bruifed , and fo
boiled ill to a Pap , or Pulp . It has all the Virtues
of the Simple Root , and Emulfion or Cream , and may
be taken from half a Pint to a Pint, (according to

Age, t ffc.) Morning and Evening, as ordinary Food.
It is an excellent thing, and reltores Confumptive
Perfons admirably.

CHAP. DCX.

Of SAFFRON Carden.

I- ' I ' HE Karnes. Ir is called iitArabick, Za-
X bafaran and Zajfaran: in Greek , !

in Latine, Crocus : and in Englffh, Saffron.

II. The Kinds. Authors make many Species of

this Plant : but we fhall give you the Hiltory only
of the four following forts, viz. i. Crocus Hor-
ten(is verus , The true or Garden Saffron, of

which in this Chapter. 2. Crocus Sy/veffrv , The
Wild Saffron , commonly called Crocus, of which
in Chap. & 11. 3. Crocus Pratcnffs Colchictim, Me-

dow Saffron, of which in Chap. 612. 4. Crocus
nothus, Carthamns , Baftard Saffron , of which in
Chap. 615. following.

III. The Garden Kind. This is the True Saffron,
and is fimply called Crocus : That which grows in
England exceeds all others, growing in what part
of the World foever : It is a fingular Plant of the
Kind, and is called Crocus verm , Crocus Hortcn-
ffs , and Croats Sativus Aul umnc.lv. , The True
Saffron.

T be Defcription.

IV. Its Root grows often to be as great or greater
than a Green Wallnur , with its outward Shell or
Green on ir, covered with a groyifh or Alh colored

Saffron Garden F lowering.

Chap. 6 1 o. 'Englijh Herbs.

Skin, which breaks out into long hairy ' Threads ,
othcrwife than in any other Root or Crocus. From
which Root faring jorth Jirft fame narrow , long ,
green Leaves, and after a while, about the end of
r\uguft, in September and October, the Flowers
come forth from among their middle , which are
mean, or large and fair, according to the goodnefs of
the Soil , and Climate, in which they grow. Thefe
Flowers arc etc large as any of the Flowers of the
Wild Kinds in the following Chapter , compofed of

Saffron Garden True.

fix Leaves apiece, of a murry or reddifh purple color ,
having a Jhew of blew in them : m the middle of
thefe Flowers there are fome f mall yellow Chives
Handing upright, which are cu unprofitable, as the
Chives tn any of the other Crocus’* or Wild Saffrons
in the following Chapter. But befides thefe, each
Flower has two, three, or four greater and longer
Chives , hanging down upon, or between the
Leaves, which are of a fiery red color, which are
the true Blades of Saffron, which we daily ufed in
Food and Medicine, and no others. All thefe Blades
being picit from the fevcral Flowers, are laid toge-
ther in Cakes, and fo preffed , and then dryed cau-
tioujly in a Kiln, or Stove, to preferve them, juft as
you fee the Saffron Sold in the Shops. We never
Jaw or heard that the Flowers yielded Seed whether
in England , or any other Country where ever it
yet grew.

V. Gerard deferibes this plant after this manner.
Its Root is fmall, round and bulbous. The Flower
does firft rife out of the Ground nakedly in Sep-
tzmhefr , juk confifls of fix fmall blew Leaves, ten-
ding JS purple , having in its middle many fmall
yellow Strings or Threads among which are two
three, or more thick fat Chives , of fomewhat a
reddifh and fiery color , and of a Jirong Smell when
they are dryed. Shortly after the Flowers , come forth
fmall, long, graffy Leave t ; the Flam never bearing
its Flowers and Leaves at once or together. We
have here given you two Figures of the True Gar-

den Saffron, whictodo yet let forth but one and the
la,me rlanr5 the firft (hewing it in its prime (fate

Leave°Werl”Si the fecond in 1IS long, graffy

. VI. The Places. It is a Native of England, and
2,°“' ^and the heft Saffron in the World grows,
1 he belt Saffron is faid to grow at Saffron Walden
in Lambridg-fhire , and places adjacent thereto j
alio molt excellent Saffron grows in feveral places
in Wales : but befides it grows plentifully in Spain,
Italy Barbary , Germany , Flanders , trance, and
feveral other Counrries of Europe.

ML The Times. The Times of its Flowering
are at the end of Auguft , and through all the Month
or September, and fometimes in October if the
Weather is mild : prefently after the Leaves fpring
up and remain green all the Winter. It loofes its
ribres with its Leaves, and may then be taken up,
and kept dry until Auguft ; but the Roots of this
yraraen Kind, (which are bigger than of any other
Lrocus, and are covered with a hairy Skin; and fo
ealily to be diftinguilhed from all others) are gene-
rally taken up but once every third Year, which is
oiten enough ; and then the Ground is to be pre-
pared again for their replanting.

yill. The Qualities. It is hot in the fecond,
and dry in the firft Degree ; a little Aftringent or
finding, Digeltive , Cardiack, or Cordial, Ana-
leptick, and Alexipharmick.

W. The Specification. It is profitable againft
. nvulhons, Fainting and Swooning F'ts, Palpita-
tion of the Heart, Meafles, Small Pox, Spotted

uer’mai]? the Plague or Peftilence , as alfo all
^Malign and Contagious Diftempers: It is
laid alio to cure Confumptions , or Ulcers of the
Lungs, and moft dangerous Afthma’s, the Yellow
Jaundice, and all Difeafes of the Eyes: It pro-
vokes Urine and the Terms , facilitates the Birth,
and brings away the After-birth , and caufes a due
cleanling.

X. 2 he Trepanations. You may have there -

l\.£ Touder of the Saffron. 2. An In-
Juftonin Wine. 3. An Infufton in Fennel, or Da-
Water, or Milk Water , in Womens

Breaft Milk. 4. A Tinflure. 5. Tinftura Croci
Compofita, A Compound Tintture of Saffron. 6.

A Spint. 7. A Difti/led Oil. 8. An Ext raff, or •
Effence, 9. A n Oil by lnfolation , or Infufton.

The Virtues.

XI. The Touder. Given from 10 Grains to a
Scruple m a little Syrup of Citron Peels , or in a

u 0t Generous Wine , it* is faid to cure the
Altthma, even the moft dangerous fhortnefs of
. r.ea^h? a°d difficulty of Breathing, and that when
it is faid that Death as it were ftands at the Door.
It is alfo a fpecial Remedy for Confumptions, or
Ulcers of the Lungs, taken Morning and Night
more efpecially if exhibited in a half a Dram, or’
°* Bal/a™ of Peru. And given in a Glafs
of Madera, or other Generous Wine, iris good
agamft Surfeiting, ConcoUs crude and raw Humors
of the Stomach, opens ObftruUions of the Lungs
Liver, Spleeif 2nd Womb, revives the Spirits, and
chears the Heart.

XII. The Infufton in Wine. It has all the for-
mer Virtues ; but is not altogether fo powerful as
the ! inffure following. And is thus made, Take
choife Canary a Quart • of the beft Englijh Saffron
an Ounce ; mix, and Inf life in a cold Dig eft ion for
40 Days or more , fhaking the Bottle once every
Play', let it fettle , and decant the clears to the

Pieces

1

Salmon’ s Herbal.

Vceks* (baking the Bo: lie once every Day-, and 1 0unces : mix, digeft in a Bolt Heal dole flop for S
hen letting it /land till it is fettled, dicant or ]o Days, then decant the dear Tinllure and keep
he clear into the former lnfitfon, and fo keep it for ufi. It has all the Virtues of the Ponder ,

f aces pal a Pint mare of the fame Wine, digeft 3 Tartar, 3 Pints, or Something money Spirit of Salt

H' ' " " ’ " ’ ~"J

>1'

the clear into the fc. — . - . . T a , ■

it for ule Sixty or eighty Drops may be 1 Infufwn, and Simple Imlture, hut is more potent to
given of it at a time in a Glafs of Wine, all the faid purpofes and Intentions, and maybe
a S3 i r, ft Fainting and Swooning Fits-, as alfo ; given in the fame manner and Dole. Take.Hy-
it may be given in Early Broth , or other pro- \dropiper Water , chafe Canary, of each 2 Ounces-,
per Vehicle as Aqua . MirabilA , againlt the [Syrup of Pennyroyal an Ounce-, of this Tinllure
talDs Small Pox Spotted' Fever, and the 2 Drams, or more-, mix them for a Dofe,

£

Plague or Petlilence, as alfo againlt all other
Malign and Contagious Difeales, both as a
ProphylaEtick or Prefervative^ and as a Cura-
tive. It provokes the Terms in Women, and
facilitates the Birth of Women in Labour,
bringing away the After-birth , and caufing a
due cleanling afterwards; but then it ought to
be given from half a Spoonful to a Spoon-
ful at a time, in a Glafs of White Port
Wine Mull’d, and to be repeated according
at you fee need requires. Dropt into the Ears
it is good again!! Pain and Deafnefs.

XIII. The Infufwn in fennel, or Damask
Rofe Water, or in Milk Water, or in Wo-
mens Breafi Milk. It cures Difeafes and
Sorenefs of the Eyes, Blood-fhot, and the
like; and is of excellent ufe to preferve them
from being hurt in the Small Pox ot Mealies,
being dropt into them , defending them from
the Flux of Humors, which is apt to fall upon
them.

XIV. The Tinllure. It is made ly mixing

an Ounce of the heft Englijh Saffron with a
Quart of Spirit of Wine in a cold DigeJIion
for 40 Days , Jhakitig the Bottle once every Day-,
if half an Ounce of Cochinele be added to the
Saffron, and 2 Ounces of the beft reSified
Spirit of Salt, digefting cold , as aforefaii ,
and then decanting the clear Ttnllure ; it will be
cf double Jlrengtb , and have all - the Virtues
of the Pouder and Infufwn in a fuperabundant
manner. It cheats the Heart, refitts Melancho-
ly, and enervates the Venom of Malign Difea-
fes : being profitable againlt the very Plague

or Peltilence it felf, detending the Head,
Brain, Nerves, Stomach, Heart, and Vital

’ Powers from the Contagion , and the very
extream force of the Difeal'e. It may be given
from half a Dram to a Dram , or 2 Drams,
according as the exigency requires, in any
proper Vehicle. You may alfo make it thus,
Take choife Englijh Saffron an Ounce-, Spirit of
Saffron, or Tinllure of Salt of Tartar a Quart-,
put them into a Bolt head , and digeft cold ,
or in a very gentle heat for 8 or to Days ,
then decant the clear Tinllure , and keep it for
ufe. It has all the former Virtues , betides
which it is good againlt Hyfterick Fits, Con-
vulGons , Palpitation of the Heart , Sicknefs
at Stomach , and other like Diltempers. Take
Angelica, orBawm, or Borage Water , 3 Ounces,
Syrup of Citron Peels 1 Ounce ; Tinllure _ of
Saffron 1 Dram ; mix for a Cordial in Fainting
and Swooning Fits, Convulfions, (Vc. Take
Angelica Water , Treacle Water , of each an
Ounce ; Syrup of ClovegillifoKC/j 6 Drams ;
'Till ure of Saffron a Dram and half ; mix for a
Dofe, to be given in Milignant Fevers , Small Pox,
Meaf.es, Plague, &c,

XV. Tir.Uura Croci compofita , The Compound
Tincture of Saffron. Take choife Englijh Saffron
an Ounce and half-, Cochinele in fine Pouder an
Ounce-, Clcrvcs, Nutmegs, Virginia Snake Root ,
Winters Cinamon , Mace , of each 6 Drams all in
Pouder-, Spirit of Saffron , or Tinllure of Salt of

to facilitate the Birth , or bring away the After-
birth.

XVI. Spirit of Saffron. It is made as you make
Spirit of Lavender , and other like things. It
ftrengthens and fortifies the Heart, comforts all the
Spirits, Natural, Vital, and Animal , provokes the
Terms, and facilitates both Birth and After-birth. The
Elixir is much better than the Spirit , being the
Poteftates Croci impregnated with the Saffron it
felf; but it is a thing rare, or very difficult to
be obtained, by realon it is fo chargeable a
Medicine.

XVII. The Difiilled Oil of Saffron. It is
Drawn like other Vegetable Oils with Water ; fo
have you a Water and Oil of Saffron together, from
which the Oil is to be feparated , with a Sepa-
rating funnel. It is very colfly, for a Pound of
Saffron will yield but one Dram of pure Oil.
It has all the Virtues of the Pouder, Tinllure,
and Spirit, and may be given from 2 to 6
Drops in any proper Vehicle. But feme cheat-
ing People make a Counterfeit Oil of Saffron,
thus. Take choife Saffron a Pound , impregnate
it with Oil of Turpentine an Ounce ; Spirit of
Wine 10 Drams: D iftill from Water with many
Cohobations , then feparate the Oile from the
Water. It is ufeful for the purpofes aforemen-
tioned, and for external DifaffefUons of the
Nerves, Mufcles, and Joints, as Pains, Aches,
Gouts, Cramps, Palfies, Ctc.

XVIII. An Extralf, or EJfence. It is made
by evaporating the Tinllure to a due Confiftence.
It has all the Virtues of the Tinllure but
not fo potent, becaufe many of its Volatile
and Spiritual parts are loll; but if the Spi-
rit be evaporated or drawn off in Balneo , you
may keep it for Spirit of Saffron. Take Ex-
trail of Saffron an Ounce-, Mithrtiate half an
Ounce-, Virginia Snake Root, Cochinele in Pou-
der of each 3 Drams-, mix them. Dofe 1
Dram Morning and Night , againft Fainting
and Swooning Fits, Mealies, Small Pox, Plague,
difficult Labor, 0c.

XIX. Oil of Saffron by Inflation or Infu-
fwn. It is Anodyn, comforts the Nerves, Mufcles,
and Joints, eafes pains of the the Stomach
and Spleen , and ripens Apoltems, 0c. See mote
of Saffron , in our Seplafium ; Or, Druggifis Shop,
Lib. 8. Chap. 4. Sell. 4.

CHAP

I.

CHAP. DCXI.

Of SAFFRON Wild;

Commonly called

CROCUS.

THE Homes. It is called in Greek ,

uyetQ- ■ in Latine, Crocus Sy/vejh ls • and

in EngliSh , fPiiAJ Saffron , but more commonly by
our Gardiners and Fkmfts, Crocus, and Crocus s
when fpeaking of the feveral Kinds thereof

II- 'the Kinds. There are, feveral Species of
this Plant , As they are denominated Irom their
Times or Seafons of Flowering, which are, Firft ,
thofe of the Vernal Kinds , or which Flower in the
Spring , which are I. Thofe of a white Color , II.
Thofe of a Purple Color. III. Thofe of a Te/low.
under every one of which Colours there are feveral
Varieties. Secondly , Thofe of the Autumn Kind , or
which Flower in the Fall of the Leaf. The feveral
Varieties of all thefe general Species are fo many
that we (hall not trouble you with the Catalogue
of their Names in this Paragraph, but rather give
you each of them in their order as we fhall now
deferibe them.

T be Descriptions.

I. Vernal White Crocus’s.

III. i. Crocus vernus albus perfetfus minor. The
Vernal or Spring fmaller pure white Saffron Flow-
er, or Crocus. Its Root ( by which it is plentifully
encreafed ) is fmall, round and flat at Bottom
fomething White on the out fide, but whiter within
Jhooting out fmall Sprouts on every fide thereof,
which is the be ft Obfervation to know this kind
and the leffer Purple by their Roots being both alike
and differing from all other, the Roots of /fo Saffron
Flowers or Crocus’s. This fmall Crocus fprings up
in the beginning of the Tear , with three or four
fmall green Leaves , fomething broader, and much
Shorter than the true Saffron in the former Chapter,
each Leaf having a white Line down its middle be-
tween thefe Leaves out of d white Skin, rifes up one
or two fmall Flowers, c on fi fling of fix Leaves a piece
as all the reft in general are, of a pure white Color
without any Mixture in it, which abide not in F low-
er above a Week or fcarcely fo much, fo quickly is
the delightful Appearance of this , and the purple
Crocus, loft. It flowers not for the moft part untill
a Month after the flowering of the yellow Crocus
and ordinary ftript Crocus’s are pa ft. The Seed is
fmall, round and reddijh , yet not fo Red as the
Seed of the Yellow , contained in three cornered
Heads -, which yet notwithftanding, very feldom
bears fo as to be fruitful.

IV. 2. Crocus albus major multiflorus. The great
Snow White Crocus. This greater Saffron Flower

V- 3- Crocus albus major alter •, iMafiacus Ditius
The other great VVhite Saffron Flower or Crocus,
°r Crocus of Mefia. Its foot is not covered with
any reddijh Skin, but rather with a pale Tunicle or
Coat. This great White Mefian Crocus rifes up
°l u ° 1^e aim oft as early as the fir ft fort of

the yellow, with four or five Leaves, being very like
unto the Leaves ofjjte Yellow Crocus, and as large
with white Lines inf hern. The Flowers alfo are as
large as the Flowers of' the Tellow,- and many like-
wfe, rifling one after another, like' unto it, but not
of fo pure a white Color, as the former lafl defer ibed,
but rather tending' t^ Milky or Cream Color.

VI. 4. Crocus' af^ Mafiacus fundoviolaceo, The
great Mefian white Crocus with a blew Bottom.
This Kind is like unto the former in all things, fa-
vmg that the bottoms of the Flowers, with fome part
of the Stalk next the Flower, are of a pale finning
purple color, and rifling up a pretty way into the
Flower: whereas another alfo of this Kind, has a
little fhew or mark of blew, and not purple , at the
bottom of the Flower only, which makes the dif-
ference.

VII. 5. Crocus albus fundo purpureo. The white
Crocus with a purple bottom. This is of the fame
Kind with the firft , as well in its Root, as in its Leaf
and Flower , in none of t hem differing from it ■, but that
m the bottom of this Flower , with that part of the
fhort foot Stalk next unto it, is of a Violet or pur-
ple color, andfometimes having here and there fome
fmall purple Lines or Spots on the white Leaves.
It Flowers alfo with the firft White, or fomething

VIII. 6. Crocus Vernus albus • ft ri at us , The
ftriped white Crocus. Its Root is white on the out
fide like the firft White, but greater , with young
ones growing round about it. This Stfp’d Crocus is
hkewfe near a kin to the firft White Kind, having
the like Leaves and Flowers, fomewhat larger but
f aiding al moft as foon as they : but herein this Flower
differs, that it bar pale blewifh Lines and Spots, in
all the Leaves the reef, but more e Specially on the
three outward Leaves'. ■

IX. 7. Crocus Vernus albus poly anthos verfi color ,
The greater particolored whi te Crocus. Its Root is
fomething like the Second White, but of a little
more dusky color on the out fide, and not budding
out on the fides , or but very little. This Greatrf
particolored Crocus has its green Leaves like unto
the Second great white Crocus before defenbed, at
Se£L 5. having more Flowers than any of the for-
mer, except the Firft great White at Serf. 4. above ,
the Leaves whereof have greater Stripes than the
laft deferibed Crocus, but of a purple Violet color,
making each Leaf feem oftentimes to have, as much
purple as white in them.

X. 8. Crocus Vernus albus verficolor minor. The

leffer particolored white Crocus. Its Root is like
unto the laft-, and its Leaves and Flowers, are for
their bignefs equal in a manner will) them : but it
has not fo many Flowers rifing together from the
Root. The Flower is finely mark'd with blew Strokes
on the white Leaves, but nothing fo much as in the
former. #

XL 9. Crocus Epifcopalis, The Bilhops Crocus.
This Flower ^particolored, and is very like both in
iti Leaves and Roots unto the Neapolitan blew
Crocus, but fomething larger. The Flowers do abide
not fo long- a time blown, and have all their Leaves

~ ” \ uuwer not jo lung- a iime mown, ana. nave all tbeir Leaves

or Crocus rifes up ufually with three or four green wholly white , with blew Stripes on both fides of them
Leaves, larger than the former, with a white Line lor wholly of a fine delayed blew Violet color, and the
in every one of them. The Flowers are greater and three inmoft more blew, and finely Striped, both on
more in Number rifing together but flowering one their infides and out fides and fometimes it ha been
af ter another, of a pure Snow white Color, and con - \feen to have 3 Leaves white, and 3 Leaves of a pale
tinning but a little longer in Flower than the former. I blew 0

XII. 10,

98 4

Salmon s 'Herbal Lib. J.

XII. io. Crocus Vernus jlriatus vulgaris , The

common ftriped Crocus. 'Ibis is another Jort of
ftriped Flower, which is the mojl common and plenti-
ful/ in abnoft every ones Garden it is here brought
under the Clajfis of tbs White Kinds, tho it diffeis
fignally m its Root, Leaf' and Home r from them all.
its Root is differing from nil the former, being
rounder and bigger than any if them except the
Mefian Kinds, yet foipe thing, ha!, weaving

any Shoots from the fides, hfiftWfig* off into Roots
or little Bulbs plentifully ., having a round Circle
cncompdffing the bottom of the Roof , which eafly
falls away , when it is taken out of the- Ground ,
and covered with a brown CiWfifld me thing ' near the
color of the Yellow Crocus , but not altogether Jo
bright. The Leaves of this rife up fooncr than the
Leaves of the Yellow or White Crocus*/, lying
fpread upon the Ground for the mo /I part, and nor-,
rower than any of the former, from among thefe
Leaves Spring up fevera! Flowers, almoft as large
as the former Great white Crocus, of a very
bleak or pale purple color, tending to white on the
infde , and in many almojl white, with fome fmall
whitifh Chives, tipt with yellow in the middle. The
three outward Leaves are of a yellowjfi. while color
on their back fide, ft rip? d every one fif them with ?
broad Stripes, of a dark murry or p&p le color, and
a Little f pr inkle d with fome fmall pu/filfLines on both
fides thofc Stripes>\ but on the infife, of the fame
pale purple or whitg color with the reft. The Seed
hereof is fame what darker colored, .than that of
the White, and. is more plentiful in bearing.

XIII. n. Crofts Vernus jlriatus T ur fiats , The
Turky ftriped G&c.ys. T he Flower of this Kind is
a little larger, lind of a deeper purple color , both on
the infide, and on - t he out fide : the green Leaf is alfo
bigger, and of*a more wbitijh hue.

XIV. 1 2. Crocus Vernus capillarifolio albus. The
fmall Leav’d, or Grafs LeaCd white Crocus. This
White Crocus is in all tlfmgsVjfic unto the purple
of the fame Kind in SfS. 27.; fallowing , but that
the Flower of this is wholly while}, the full Defcrip-
tion whereof , therefore we JTjjII here forbear, for
that you will have it at Targe in the /aid Sett. 27.
to which 1 refer you.

XV. 17. Crocus plumatils pallidus , The pale
Feathered Crocus. It is fomething like the White
Crocus Mtefiacus , but larger , and not fo round
pointed. The Stalk and bottom of the Flower is
blew, like unto it. The three outward Leaves on
the backs or out fides are all white, or Silver colored ■,
and on their infidcs finely ft ripe ■ with /mailer and
longer Stripes of a pafe blewifh purple. The three-
inner Leaves are jrfiped with the fame color , but
f mailer on both the, fides thereof: this is not Jo
common as many of the others are, and is indeed
one of the be ft we have.

XVI. 14. Crocus Imperialis , The Imperial Cro-

cus. It has many Flowers rifling from one Root ,
which are of a Silver color , ftriped on the backs of
the Leaves with purple, which when they are open ,
are fecn through on the other fide. This encreafes
fo fa ft, that it is grown very common. Of this Kind
there arc two other-, the one larger}, and the other
/mailer, and of the fame fafhion, and color, and
marking. ^

XVII. 15. Crocus Rcgalis, The il'o)'al Croc^g.-j
It is like to the Imperial but larger , and better
ftriped with deep purple, more c/pecially the backs
of the three outward Leaves. From the Seeds of
this, feveral varieties have been raffed, differing
from the Original, fome being larger, others fmallcr,
and ftriped with deeper or paler purple : but in all
thefe Flowers the White has the Maftery, and there - 1
fore they arc numbred with that color. 0

II. Vernal Purple Crocus’s.

XVIII. 1 6. Crocus Vernus purpureus minor, The
fmaller purple Crocus. This hits its Root , and
green Leaves fo like unto the fir ft White Flower’d
Crocus, that they can fcarcely be dffinguifhed, only
they fieem to be a little narrower. The Flower is
aljo much about the fame bignefs, or a little bigger ,
and feldoai bears above one Flower from, a Root,
even at the fir ft does , of a deep purple V ioler color,
the bottom of the Flower with the upper part of the
Stalk next thereunto, being of a deeper oft blacker
purple -, in the middle of the Flower , are fome fmall
pale Chives , tipt with yellow*? endents, and a longer
Pointel, divided or forked at the the top. It bears
Seed very fparingly at the White does , and is red-
difh like unto it, but recompenfierth.it defied with a
plentiful encreafe by the Root -, and Flowers at the
very fame time with the White, and enduring at
little a while. Its Root is in all things fo Tike unto
the firft White, that it is impojfible for the wij'eft
and moft converfant therein, to know the one from
the other.

XIX. 17. Crocus Vernus purpureus maximus.
The greateft purple Crocus. Its Root is like unto that
of the Greater blew Neapolitan Crocus, which is
flat and round , with a dusky colored out fide whofie
Head for fpringing in it, is ficarcely to be dffcerneJ.
It is of the fame Kind with the Neapolitan as well
in its Leaf as its Root , but greater : for the green
Leaves hereof are the greateft and broadeft of all other
Crocus’/, with a large white Line in the middle of
every one : it fprings up much later than the for-
mer, and does not fhezo its Flower till a good while
after the other, is paft. The Flowers alfo are the
large ft of all thefe Spring Crocus’/, and equalling, if
not furpajfing that Purple Kind which Flowers in
Autumn, hereafter defer /bed, of a very fair, and
deep Violet color, almoft as deep as the former.
The Seed Veftels arc large alf o and white , in which
is contained pale reddifh Seed, like unto the Neapo-
litan blew Kind, but fomething greater.

XX. t8. Crocus Vernus purpureus alter Apici-
bus albidis, The purple Crocus the tops of
whofe Flowers are whirifli. This Species of the
Purple , has the tops of its purple Flowers whitfij
for the breadth of half the Kail of a Mari's Hand,
and abides conftant every Tear in that manner, and.
in that thing it only or chiefly differs from the Lift,
before deficribed , being of the fame Species.

XXI. 19. Crocus Vernus KeapoTitani/s , five.
Car ulcus major. The greater blew Crocus of Naples,
or Greater Neapolitan blew Crocus. Its Root is nor
very great, but a little dark on the out fide, being round
ana flat withal, fo that one can hardly know which
is the upper fide thereof. It rifles up with divers
green Leaves broader than any of the former, except
the Purpureus maximus at Se£b 19. above , with a
white Line running down the infide of every Leaf,
as in that: from among which rifles up (out of di-
vers great long white Skins ) feveral large white
Flowers, but not fully Jo great as thofe of the Maxi
mus at Se£b 19. confifiing of fix Leaves apiece, of
a paler blew or Violet color than in the find Maxi-
mus ; having in the middle of the Flowers, a few
pale Threads tipt with yellow , and a longer Pointel
of a Cold yellow color, forked or divided at the top ,
fmelling Jweetcr than the Maximus , and abiding a
great while longer , being in Flower ufually even
with the Stript yellow Crocus, or before the Maxi"
mus, and yielding greater plenty of Seed.

XXII. 2:..

Chap. 6i\. ‘Englijh Herbs.

XXII. 20. Crocus Kcapolitjnui precocior, The
more early Neapolitan Crocus. This Species dif-
fers very little from the former , either in its Root ,
Le.tf or Hooter, whether for l.argenejs or Color ;
J living that it ferns to be of a little bleaker or paler
blew i and that it Homers fomething earlier.

XXIII. 21. Crocus Vernus purpureas flriatus ,
The ItripT Purple Crocus. Its Root is like untothe
firfl Neapolitan, and Rlowers much about the fame-
time with it : Its Leaves are alfo cu large and broad
,u thofe , and rather a little longer. The Flowers
are a/fo at plentiful and as Urge , of a fine Diluted
Purple Colour on the out-Jide, with three broad
freaks- or lines down the back of the three outward
Leaves, and of a little deeper Purple on the infide,
js the other three Leaves a!Jo are , and Jlriped with
the fame deep Purple about the ground or bottom of
the Leaves. This fometimes yields three /quire
Heads, containing in them brownijh Seed.

X.XIV. 22. Crocus Vernus pupureus verfcolor,Tt\Q
Silver ltriped Purple 'Crocus. The Root of this is not
fo Pat ns that of the Neapolitan-, tbo’ like it, and
covered with a dark AJh Coloured Skin. It is in its
Leaves and Flowers fomething like unto the lift be-
fore Defcribed, but a little J'maller .- The Flowers
are of a little deeper Purple though the whole
l, eaves, ftripedwith white Lines, bothonthe Leaves
and towards their edges, which makes it a peculiar
Species from all the reft, and it Flowers about the
fame time.

XXV. 27,. Crocus Fur pure its Flammeus major :
The greater Purple Flame Coloured Crocus. Its
Root is White on the out fide , fomewhat flat and
round , but not fo flat at the Neapolitane Crocus
before defcribed. Its green Leaves are of a reafona-
ble length and breadth , and of a Pleafant frefly
Greennefs , with a fair broad white- Line down their
middles , but not rifing out of the Ground fo early not
the next defcribed Crocus, l The Flowers are like-
zoife of a mean bignefs , of a pale Fur pie on the out-
fide, fomething whitifh , efpecially the three outward
Leaves , but on the infide of a deeper Purple , and
ftriped with great Stripes like Flames , having fome
Chives in the middle, and a longer one alfo feather-
eda little at the top.

XXVI. 24. Crocus Furpureus Flammineus minor.
The leffer Purple Flame Coloured Crocus. Its Root
is very like unto the former, but a lift le lejfer. It has
almoft as broad and long green Leaves as the former,
and of the fame Greennefs, which rife up earlier
than they. It is in Flower fomething before that,
and it s Flower u a little fmaller, but of as deep a
Purple on the out fide, as on the infide : Flamed with
fair broad Stripes from the middle of the Leaves, or
fomewhat lower, unto the Edges each of thefe give
Seed of a pale reddifh Color.

XXVII. 2$. Crocus Vernus Furpureus Capilla-
rifolio The Purple Crocus, with fmall or almolt
Grafs like Leaves. Its Root is very fmall and round,
having one fide at bottom lower than the other, very
like the Roots of Colchicum, or Medow-Saffron *
and fomething near refe tabling alfo the Hoof of an
horfe Foot, covered with a very thick Skin, of a
dark or blackifh brown color. This fmall Crocus
rifes out of the Earth with two or three long and
fmall green Leaves, very like unto the Leaves of the
fine Feather- Grafs, ftanding upright at firfl, but
afterwards lying upon the Ground. From among
5 which , come forth the Flowers, fometimes three, but
mofl ufually two upon one Stalk, if the Root be not
Toung , which then will bear but One on a Stalk,
■which )s very jhort, fo that the Flowers fear cely rife
above the Ground , yet laying themf elves open in the
Day time if it is Fair, and the Sun Shines other-
wife they remam clofe , and open nof at all. And

after one Flower is pa ft , which does not continue
above 7, or 4 Days at mofl, the others follow, which
are of a bleak blewifh Purple in the middle of the
Flower, and of a deeper Purple towards the ends or
points of the Leaves , but of a more dull or dark
Purple on their out (ides, and yellowifb at bottom,
with fome yellow Chives in the middle. The Seed is
fmall, and darker coloured than any of the former
Crocus’/, .contained ajfo in fmaller Heads, (landing
one by another upon the fame Jhort Footflalk, which
then rifes up a little higher ^fhewin'g the manner of
the funding of the Flowers , ' .which in their Flower-
ing time could not fo ectfily be difeerned. This
Flowers the lafl of all the former forts of Crocus’s,
even when they are alfpafl.

XXVIII. 2 6. Crocus Vernus Furpureus Striatus
Capillarifolio , The Striped Purple Crocus with Capil-
lary or fmall Leavcs.77;<? Root of this is fomewhat lar-
ger than theforn&r, and rounder, but covered with as
thick and as brown a Skin. This fmall Crocus has fuch
like Leaves as the lafl Defcribed •, from among which ,
rifes up the Flower upon as fhort aFootftalk, confift-
ing of fix Leaves like the former, of a fair Purple
color on the out fide of the outward Leaves, with three
Lines or Stroaks down each Leaf, of a deeper Pur-
ple color -, and on the infide of a paler Purple, as
the other three Leaves alfo are, toith fome Chives
tipt with yellow Pendents, and a forked Point el in
the middle. It Flowers about the fame time with
the former.

XXIX. 27. Crocus Plumatus Furpureus, The
Purple Feathered Crocus. This is like the greater
Purple, but a little bigger and rounder pointed-, the
three outward Leaves of the Flowers, are of the fame
Purple color, and feathered with white on both Cides
thereof the three inner Leaves are thick Striped
with White upon a paler Purple on both fldes like-
wife : And this is accounted the beft of all the forts
of Crocus’s, which have hitherto come to our Know-
ledge.

III. Vernal Yellow Crocus V.

XXX. 28. Crocus Vernus luteus, five Mteftacus -,
The yellow Crocus, or Mefian Crocus. Its Root is
great and round, as great or greater than a Wallnut
fometimes, and covered with reddifh Skins or Coats.
It rifes up with %or 4 Leaves out of the Ground , be-
ing fomewhat near the breadth of the Great purple
Kinds, with a white Line in them , as in mofl of
the reft. The Flowers grow out from the middle of
of thefe Leaves, and are very large, of a Gold yel-
low color, with fome Chives, and a forked Point in
the middle. The Seed hereof is of a brighter color,
than in any of the other. This Plant yields more
flore of Flowers than moft of the former, and begins
to blow with the firfl forts , or prefently after, yet
out lafls many of them, the Flowers being of a plea-
fant good Smell.

XXXI. 29. Crocus Vernus luteus Flore aureo.
The yellow Crocus of a deeper Gold yellow color.
This is of the fame Kind with the former, but its
Flowers are of a deeper Gold yellow -, fo deep, that
they appear reddifh withal.

XXXII. 30. Crocus Vernus luteus Flore pal lido.
The pale yellow Crocus. This is another Kind very
like the former , wbofc Flowers are very pale, between
a white and a yellow, but not differing from it, in
any thing elfe.

XXXIII. 31. Crocus Vernus luteus Flora vire-
dante luteo. The greenifh yellow Crocus. This is
a Crocus fomething fmaller than the former and
6 K its

986

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. 1

its flower has a Jhew of greennefs in the yellow ,
and alfo more green at the bottom.

XXXIV. 32. Crocus Vernus luteus maximus ,
The greateft yellow Crocus. This is like the Firft
yellow Crocus at Sc£h XXX. above , being a varie-
ty raifed from the Seeds thereof. The flowers are of
a deep yellow color , and as large as the Greateft Pur-
ple, for which thing it is very much eftec/ned.

XXXV. 33. Crocus Vernus fiavus ft rial us, The
yellow ftriped Crocus. Its Root is very like the
Root of the Firft yellow Crocus at Se£t. XXX.
aforegoing , but fome thing f mailer and Jhorter ,
and covered with the like reddifh Skins , but a little
f adder. It rifes up with a greater ftore of nar-

rower and greener Leaves than the Firft Yellow $
and after the Leaves are fpread , many yellow Flow-
ers rife up from among them , which are not of fo
bright and fair yellow color , but more dead or dull ,
having on the backfide of each of the 3 outer mo ft
Leaves , 3 / mall Stripes of an overworn or dull pur-
ple color 5 with Jome Chives , and a Pointel in the
4 middle. It blowers not fo early as the Firft Yellow,
but abides almoft as long as it.

XXXVI. 34. Crocus Vernus luteus verficolor pri-
mus, The belt Cloth of Gold Crocus. Its Root is
eafily known from the Roots of any other Crocus,
becaufe the outward Peelings or Shells , are bard and.
as it were Netted on the out fide, having certain
Ribs , rifing up higher than the reft of the Skins ,
made in the form of Network , of a dark brown
color , and withal , it is J' mailer and rounder than the
former Yellow, and encreafes not fo plentifully by
the Root. This is the fair eft Cloth of Gold Crocus,
and rifes up very early , even with the firft Crocus’*,
with 3 or 4 very narrow and jhort Leaves , of a
whiter color than any of the former , which quickly
after fends forth its Flowers , rifing from among the
Leaves out of the fame white Skin , which includes
alfo the faid Leaves -, but they are not fo plentiful
as the former Yellow, being but 2 or 3 at mo ft, of
a fair Gold yellow color , yet fomething paler than
the Firft Yellow j having on the back of the 3
outward Leaves , 3 fair and great Stripes , of a
fair deep purple color , with fame fmall Lines at the
fides or edges of thofe purple Stripes. On the infide
of thefe Flowers there is nojign orfbew of any Line
or Spot , but wholly of a fair Gold yellow , with
Chives , and a Father top Pointel in the middle. The
Seed of this is like the former , but not fo red.

XXXVII. 3 <j. Crocus Vernus luteus verficolor
alter , The fecond Cloth of Gold Crocus, or Duke
Crocus. There is no difference either in the Root ,
Leaf or color of the Flowers , or time of Flowering ,
in this Kind , from the laft before defer ibed : for
the Flowers of this are of the fame bignefs and
color -, the chief variation of this from that , being
in the marking of the three outward Leaves , which
in this have not 3 Stripes as they have , but are
wholly of the fame deep purple color on their backs ,
facing that their edges are yellow , which is the
form of a Duke Tulep , from whence came the
name of a Duke Crocus.

XXXVIII. 36. Crocus Vernus verficolor palido
luteus , The pale Cloth of Gold Crocus. The Root
of this is Netted like the others , which jhews that
this is but a variation of the fame Kind. This
third fort of Cloth of Gold Crocus has Leaves and
Flowers like the former , but differs in this , that the
color of the Flower is of a paler yellow by much ,
but Striped in the fame manner as the firft of this
Kind, with a fainter purple color.

XXXIX. 37. Crocus Vernus verficolor albo dilu-
te us, The Cloth of Silver Crocus. The Root of this is
alfo Netted as the others are , which Jhews it is a
variety alfo of the fame Kind. The chiefeft note

of difference in this is, that being as large a Lowe/
as any of the former of this Kind , it is of fo pale a
yellowijh white , that it is more white than yellow ,
which fome do call a Butter color. The 3 outward
Leaves are ftriped on their backs with a paler pa/-
ple blewfhining color ', the bottom of the Flower , and
the upper part of the Stalk , being of the fame pu>-
ple blew color.

IV. Autumnal Crocus’s.

XL. 38. Crocus Byzantintts argent e us , The Sil-
ver colored Autumn Crocus. Its Root is pretty
big , and rounder than any other Crocus, without any
Flat bottom , and covered with a dark ruffe t Skin.
It fprings up in October, and feldom before, with*
or 4 Jhort green Leaves at firft but growing long-
er afterwards , and in the mid ft of them , prefenth.
after they have appeared, one Flower for the nsvt:
port, and but feldom two come forth, confiftingof
Leaves, the three outwardmoft whereof, are fome-
thing larger than the other three within - and arc of
a pale bleak Blew Color, almoft White which many
call a Silver Color -, the three inner mo ft Leaves being
of a pure White , with fome yellow Chives in the mif-
dle, and a longer Pointel, ragged or feathered at the
top. This very feldom bears Seed, but when the
Tear falls out to be very mild, and then it is fmall
round, and of a Dark color.

XL I. 39. Crocus Pyre not us Pur pure us , The
Purple Mountain Crocus, Root is fmall and
white on the outftde , fo like unto the Root of the
leffer .Vernal Purple or White Crocus aforegoing ,
that it cannot be diftinguifhed , until about the end
of Auguft, when it does begin to fhoot, and then by the
early fhooting up a white long Sprout for Flower, it
may be known. This Purple Crocus rifes up but
with one Flower ufually , but fometimes with two, one
after another, without any Leaves at all, fometimes
in Auguft, but generally in September, ftanding
upon a longer Footftalk than any other kind of
Crocus’s, either of the Spring or Autumn-, and is
as large as the Flower of the greateft Vernal Purple
Crocus *, of a very deep Violet Purple color , which
decays after it has flood blown three or four Days ,
and becomes more Pale , having in the middle fome
yellow Chives, and a long feather-topt Pointel,
branched , and rifing fometimes above the edges of
the Flowers. About a Month after the Flowers are
paft , and fometimes not until the beginning of the
Spring -, there rife up three or four long and broad
green Leaves , with a white Line in every one of
them, like unto the fir ft Vernal Purple kinds, which
abide until the end of May or June. It has not been
obferved to give any Seed, the Winter coming fo
quickly on after the Flowering, which hinders its
coming to Perjettion.

XLII. 40. Crocus Mont anus Autumnalis, The
Autumn Mountain Crocus. Its Root is very great
and flat bottomed, covered with a duskifh grayifh
Coat or Skin, and* very little, or feldom encreafes.
It Springs up later than any of the former, and does
not appear until the middle or end of October, when
all the Flowers of the former are paft ■, appearing
firft with three or four Jhort green Leaves, like
unto the Byzantine Crocus, and afterwards the
Flowers between them , which are of a pale or bleak
Blew , tending to a Purple •, their Footftalks being fo
Jhort , that at firft they fcarcejy appear above Ground ■,
but two or three Days after , they grow a little
higher.

XLIII. The Places. Some of thefe have been
found out in one Country, and fome in another, as

the

Chap. 6 i 2. ‘Englijb Herbs .

987

the fmall Purple and White , and Stnpt White in
S/hzQ The Yellow in Mefia about Belgrade -, the
great Purple in Italy. But the feveral places of
v-hefe Crocus' s, are in part let down in their Titles.
The (e by the help of Friends, have been fent to us
from their Native Countries, and profper extream-
ly well with us, and Flourifli as well in our Gar-
dens, as in their Primary Native Places. But this
is to be Obferved, that Tome of the Species here
'Defcribed in this Chapter, have been raifed up by
us, from the Sowing of their Seed. The beft place
to Plant Spring Crocus' s in, is clofe up to a Wall
or Pale, or by the edges of Border Boards, round
about the Garden, mingling the Colors of thofe
of a Seafon together, as the Whites with the Pur-
ples, The beft Cloth of Gold , with the Royal, the
deep Purple feather'd , with the Lighter , and fo of
the relt. By Obfervation, molt of them may be
diltinguilhed by their Roots, and fo placed accord-
ing to the Mind of the Planter 5 but the aforemen-
tioned places are beft, for that few other Flowers
appear until they are paft. Should they be fet
among Tulips , the Graifey Leaves after the Flow-
ers are gone, would more trouble and Difgrace the
place, than the Flowers did before Adorn it.

XLIV. The Times. Their feveral Times are al-
fo expreft in their Defcriptions, for fome bring
forth their Dele&able Flowers in the Spring, in
which for the firft three Months, our Gardens are
Furnilhed with one Variety or another : The others
in Autumn , fo that both early and late in the Year,
we have an Ornamental Appearance. All thefe fe-
veral Crocus' s, both of Spring and Autumn , ioofe
their Fibres with their Leaves, and mult then be
taken up and kept dry ; thofe of Autumn until Au-
gufl, and of the Spring, until Otfober. They are
hardy, and wift profper in any place. The Vernal
increafe exceedingly, if they ftand any time unre-
moved ^ but the Autumnal encreale very little.
Many more Varieties than are yet Difcovered, may
be raifed from the Seeds of the beft Kinds, being
Sowed in September , and every other Year in July
removed and fet wider, until they bear Flowers,
making the Ground light and rich, into which you
tranfplant them, which will make a great addition
to their Beauty.

XLV. As to their Qualities , Specification , Pre-
parations and Virtues , Authors have faid nothing,
nor do we know any thing of them by Experience :
They are the Florifts property, and more ufed as
Ornaments for the Adorning of Gardens, than for
any thing elfe •, and if Wifely managed, will give
a Angular Delight and Pleafure to the Eyes of the
Beholders. And for this Reafon it was that we
took this Trouble upon us, to infert them into this
Herbal.

CHAP. DCXII.

Of S AFFRON-MEDO W,

OR,

COLCHiqUM.

I. H E Names. It is called by the Greeks ,
JL K o\%kov, (fo Named from the Ifland Col-
chis, where it was firft found growings) alfo ’Epipi^K,
from its Killing in one days fpace i in Latino, CoL

chi cum •, and by fome Ephemerum, (but there are
other Plants called by that Name, which are non
Lethale, or not Deadly, as i. a Species of Digit,;
Us or Fox-Glove. 2. Li l Hum. Com: allium , Lilly of
the V allies. 3. Gramen Sericum Virginianum, 01a
kind of Silk Grafs, (of which we (hall fpeak in its
proper place.) It is alfo called Colchicum Ephemerum,
Colchicum Strangulatoruini, (from its fuffocating or
choaking Quality ;) ancTfcy fome, Bulbus agrejhs,
and Ei Hus ante P at rent, Tne Son before the Father,
becaule it is laid to give the Seed before the Flow-
ers : But the Roots of this, as of molt other Bul-
bous Plants, after the Stalk of Leaves and Seed are
dry and paft, may be tranfplanted, and then it
Springs again, and gives Flowers before Leaves ;
but the Leaves and Seed follow fuccellively after
the Flowers, before it can be removed again : So that
here is not Seed before Flowers, but contrarily.
Flowers upon the firft Planting or Springing up,
and the Seed afterwards, as in other Plants, tho’ in
a different manner. In Englifh it is called Medow-
Saffron, and as often Colchicum, which is the Greek
and Latine Name, brought into our Language.

II. * The Kinds. They are manifold-, as Fir It,
fome flowering in the Spring : Secondly, fome
flowering in Autumn , which are molt in number.
Again, 1 . fome are Single flowered , which are the
greatelt part. 2. Some few are double Flowered,
of all which, becaufe of the many Varieties, we
fhall here (as in the former Chapter) give you their
Appellations or Names, with their Defcriptions,
as following.

She Defcriptions.

III. 1. Colchicum Anglicum album. The white
| Englifh Colchicum, or Medow-Saffron. It is com-
mon to all the Colchicas, or, Medow-Saffrons , (ex-

Saffron Medow Englifh White.

cept

6 2 K

988

Salmon .r Herbal. Lib. I.

ce.pt tbdt of the Spring , and one other) to bear their
Hovers alone in Autumn, or later , without any
Green Leaves with them , and afterwards in Febru-
ary their Green Leaves : So that roe fhall not need
to make many long Defcriptions , but having given
you a full Defcription of the firf, to fheio you the
differences , which chiefly confifi in the Leaves and
color of the blowers -, and briefly to pafs from
one to another , taking notice only of thofe Variati-
ons which are mo ft wortlfy of Note. The Root of
this our fir ft Englifh kina, is Bulbous or round, and
is White within , but without covered with a thick
blackifh Skin or Coat , having one fide thereof at
the bottom , larger than the other , with an hollow-
nefs alfoon the one fide of that long Eminence , where
the Flowers rife from the bottom , and footing
down from thence a number of White Fibres , by
which it is faflned in the Ground. This Root re-
mains in the' Earth, without fhew of Leaf above
Ground, mof part of the Winter , and in February
there Spring forth from it, three or four large and
long green Leaves, rifing from the top or head of
the Root, long after the time of its Flowering, which
is the Autumn before : Thefe Leaves when they are
fully grown up, ( land on the top of a round, weak ,
green and fhort Footftalk, fomething like unto the
Leaves of White Lillys, but not fo large j and in
the mid ft of thefe Leaves, after they have been up
fome timet appear two or three loofe Skinny Heads,
funding in the midfl 'of the Leaves, upon ffort
thick green Stalks, which being ripe , contain in
them fmall round brownifh Seed, which lyes as it
were loofe therein, and when the Head is dry, be-
ing f oaken , may be heard to rattle. But the Flow-
ers which are not more than three or four at

Engliji. b Purple Meadow Saffron.

mof, appeared the Autumn before, or juft b.-j > -
Winter, funding fever-ally upon .weak Footllalks,
a Fingers length or more above the Earth, tc'.v;
conff of fix white Leaves, fomething long and •
row, and not fo large as mof of the other kinds,
with fome Threads or Chives in the middle , like
unto the Spring Crocus’s in the former Chapter ,
without any color of Saffron in them, or any
Saffron like Virtues : Thefe Flowers being paft , thr .
Leaves appear net yet, but the Root lying with at ; ]r.
leaft appearance 'of them, mof part of the Winter
they afterwards Spring up in February, &c. as a.u.
before declared.

IV. 2. Colchicum Anglicum pupurcum. The Pur-
ple Englifh Colchicum, or Medow Saffron. This
both in its Roots, Flowers, Leaves and Seed, ALig-
nitude, manner and form of Growing, differs not
at all from the former, faving only in the color of
the Flowers ■, which as thofe in the firf were whol-
ly White, arc in this of a diluted Purple Color, with
a fmall appearance of Veins therein.

V. t,. Colchicum P annonicum album. The White
Hungary Medow Saffron. Tit is in its Root, Leaf,
Flower, manner and form of Growing, is like to
the fir ft or White Englifh Colchicum ^ the greatef
difference between that and this is, that the former
White , is in all particulars leffer than this, and
beftdes, that this has a greater fore of Flowers
together , which continue longer in their Beauty,
without fading, fo foon as the former, and are alfo
fomething of a fairer white color.

VI. 4. Colchicum P annonicum pur pure um, Purple
Hungary Medow Saffron. It is fomething like un-
to the White of this kind, but that it bears not
fo plentifully as the White does, nor does the Root
jfow fo great ; but the Flowers are in a manner
as large as they , and of the like Pale diluted Purple
color, or fomewhat deeper, as is in the Purple
Englifh, with fome Veins or marks upon the Flow-
ers, making fome fhew of a checker on the out-fide,
but not fo confpicuous as in the true checqueVd
kinds.

VII. 5. Colchicum P annonicum verf color. Party
coloured Hungarian Medow Saffron. This is a
Species of the fourth or laf kind before Defcribed ',
and differs only from it in this, that the Flowers
hereof are Party-colored with white Streaks and
Edges, which abide con ft ant : It is thought that this
was firf ra ffed from the Seeds of the former.

VIII. 6. Colchicum Byzantinum, The Byzantine
or Conftantinople Medow Saffron. Its Root is in the
middle greater and rounder than the others, with
a longer Eminence, whereby it may be eafily
known from all other forts. Its Leaves are jo
broad and large, fo that one who had never
feen Colchicum, could fcarcely judge it to be a
Species thereof, for that they are much larger
than any Lilly Leaves, and of a dark green
color. The Flowers are correfpondent to the Leaves
larger, and more in number than in any of the
former Purple kinds, of the fame color with the
laf Purple kind, but of a little deeper Purple
on the infde, with divers Marks running thro 1
the Flowers, like unto it, or like to Cbecquers.
but yet fomewhat more apparently .

IX. 7. Colchicum

Chap. 612. EngliJJj Herbs.

IX. 7. Colchicutu lllyricum, , The true Colcht-
cum, or true Greek Medow Saffron. This has a
great thick and bulbous Root , full- of Sub fiance ;
from which rifes up a fat thick and grofs Stalk ,
Jet about from the lower part to the top with
Leaves by equal difiances , which Leaves are long ,
thick and grofs , Jharp pointed \ and ?tot much un-

Saffron Medow Illyrick,

0 R,

The true Greek Colchicum.

989

like to the Leaves or Leeks ; from among which
Leaves , come forth yellowijb Flowers, very like,
to the Engiifh Colchicum, or Medow Saffron, but
fmaller.

X. 8. Colchicum Lufitanicum Friti/laricum , The
Portugal Checquer’J Medow Saffron. Its Root is
like to the Root of the Engiifh or ffungarian, with-
out any Difference , b//t that this grows fomething
greater. Its Leaves do rife up fooner than in any
other of the Autumn kinds , for they are always up,
before Winter , and are four or Jive in Number ,
Jhort rather than long , broad below , and pointed
at the end , canalled or hollow , and funding round
above the Ground , one encompajjing another at the
bottom , like the great Spanilh Star Jacinth, cal-
led the Jacinth of Peru, but Jhorter , and of a
pale or gray ifh green color , differing from the color
of all the other Medow Saffrons. The Flowers are
larger and longer than the Flowers of either Eng-
lith or Hungarian, and almoft as large as the fixth
kind at Sell. VIII. aforegoing , and of the fame
color, but a little deeper ; the Spots and Marks
whereof, are fomething more eafte to be feen ,
even afar off, like unto the Flowers of a Fritillary,
from whence it loaf part of its Name. T his' is one
of the firjl Medow Saffrons, or Colchicums which
Flower in the Spring.

XI. 9- Colchicum Neapolitanum F ritillaricwn .

1 he Checquet’d Medow Saffron of Naples. The
I yot °J ‘hi* is like unto the Root of the lafl be-
fore Defer ibed, but a little bigger, by which the
Species is multiplied. This Neapolitan kind is ve-
ry hke unto the Portugal Species lad Defcribed ,
out that its Flower is fomething larger, yet fome-
time very near of -tfqjsal bignefs with 'that ; the
greeted Note or Markvo diftinguifh them by is,
that the Flowers of tbit rare of ’a deeper color and
fo are the Spots on the Flowers likewife ■ which
are fo confpicuou , that they may be difeernei a
great way off, more like unto the Flowers of a deep
rritillary, than the former, and make a more goodly
and more Glorious Show. The Leaves of this do
rtfe up earlier after the Flowers , and are fome-
thing longer , of a darker green color, yet enclining
to a grayifh color, as thofe other, not lying fo neatly
or round, but flani up one by another, being as it
were folded together. Neither this nor the Portu-
gal, have given any Seed with us that I have yet
heard of, but are both increafed by the 'Root .is
aforefaid.

XII jo. Colchicum Fritillaricum Chienfe, The
Chio or Scio Checquer’d Medow Saffron. Its Root
f hke unto the others of this kind, but fmall and
long and not fo great. This moji Beautiful Flower
°u * rifcs UP with its Flowers in Autumn as
the others before fpecified do, altho ’ not of fo a
large a five, yet far more V leaf ant and Delightful
in the thick, deep blew, or Purple coloured "Beauti-
ful Spots therein ; which make it to excel all others
whatfoever. The Leavesrfe up in the Spring, be-
tng fmaller than the former, for the moft part three
in A umber ^ and of a paler or frejher green color
lying clofe upon the Ground, broad at the bottom
a little pointed at the end, and turning or folding
themf elves in and out at the edges, as if they were
fdented. It has not been feen to bear Seed her4e.

It Flowers later for the moft part, than any of the
others, not till November, and ftta cry difficult to be
preferved with us-, for that its Roh grows lejs and
lejs every Tear : Our cold Climate being fo different
from its Native place of Growth, ( when by reafon
of the Warmth of the Seafon , it Flowers any thing
early, that it may have the comfort of the Warm
Sun, it is the Glory of all thefe kinds of Flowers.

XIII. 11. Colchicumverfteolor, The party-colour-
ed Medow Saffron. Its Root is like the former
Engiifh or Hungarian kinds, but thicker and greater .
Jor the moft part, and Jhorter alfo. Its Flowers do
not ufually appear, till moft of the other Autumn
forts are pajt, except the loft, which are very low,
fcarcely rifing with their Stalks three Finger's
breadth above the Ground, but oftentimes half hid
within the Earth': The Leaves hereof are fmaller,
Jhorter, and rounder than in any of the others be •
fore fpecified \ fome being altogether. White , and
others wholly of a very pale Purple or Flefh color -,
and fome again parted, the one half of a white Leaf,
and the other half of the fame Purple -, and Jome'-
t 'tmcs jlrip’d Purple and White, in divers Leaves of
one and the fame Flower. And again , fome will be
the moft part of the Leaf white, and the bottom
Purple, thus varying as Nature is plcafed ; for that
many times, from one and the fame Root, may be
feen to ariff all thefe Varieties before mentioned.
Thefe Flowers do Hand long before they fade and
pafs away, and have been Jometimes obferved
to keep their Flowers fair until the beginning of
January, or till the Extremities of Winter Frofts
and Snows have made them hide their Heads. The
Leaves therefore do rife up accordingly, after all
others, and are of a brownifh or dark green color.

XVIII. i£. Cohhuum tkrmodaflyluir. The Klih;'1"
da£Vyl, like Medow Saffron. It has a bulbous or mini
Root, not much unlike tothe Hermodaftyl, (which in
truth is no Hermodaft, buta Colchicum.) It Springs. up
with its Leaves in Autumn, before its Hesters apj
which none of the former kinds do. The f/owi i
does (after the Leaves are up) flew it fetf in the
middle of them , confijhng of fix white Leaves , with
divers Chives in the middle , and paffes away with-
out giving any Seed, that has yet been objerved.
The Green Leaves abide all Winter and Spring
following , decaying about M ay and appear, or

Spring not up again until September following ,
when (as is /aid) the f lowers Jhevi tbemf elves , and
that prefcntly after the Leaves are Sprung up.

XIX. 17. Colchicum atropurpureum : Dark Pur-
ple colored Medow Saffron . Its Root , as aljo its
Seed , are like to thofe dj the Englifh Purple kinds.
The greateft difference in this Species, confijis in
the flower, which at the firft appearance , is of as
pale a Purple as the flowtr of the former Hunga-
rian kind ; but after it has flood in flower two or
three Days, it begins to change, and will after a
while, become of a very deep reddijb Purple, as alfo
the little footftalk on which it does fland. The
flower is of the bignefs of the Hungarian Purple,
and fo alfo is the green Leaf.

XX. 18. Colchicum atropurpureum variegatum :
The Party colored dark Purple Medow Saffron.
This is another fort of the former kind, diff ering
chiefly in the flower , which is varioufly ftriped thro’

hart

cuicjiy us nat, ituww ^ — a y j 1

every Leaf of the blower, with a paler bur pie color,
fo that the flower is of great Beauty. This might
feem to be a degenerate Plant from the former, but

JCC/n J/C U UC.£LIU,r esse j ■ - - j -• ----- a

that it has abode conflanl in its appearance , in fame
Gardens for many Tears , and gives Seed as plenti-

fully as_ the former.

XV. 1 3. Colchicum Indicum , Colchicum Syria-
cum, Colchicum Alexandrmum: The Affyrian or
Indian Medow Saffron. This has a bulbous Root
and made as it were of two pieces ; from the middle
cleft whereof, rifles up a (oft and tender Stalk Jet
with fair broad Leaves , from the middle thereof to
the top ■, from among which, come forth one Jingle
flower like unto thofe of the Common Medow
Saffron, or the White Anemone of Matthiolusr

Colchicum Montanum Hifpanicum mi-
nus, The fmall Spanilh Medow Saffron, M K
is fmall and long, according to the the reft of the
Plant, and like in form to the others. The flowers
are narrower and f mailer than any of the former ,
and of a deeper reddifh Purple color, than either
the Englifh or Hungarian kinds : The green Leaves
are alfo ( mailer than any other, lying upon the
Ground, of a deep or fad green color r, fling up
within a while after the flowers are paft, and abide
preen all the WviterTong.

XVII. ry. Colchicum Montanum minus flore
verflcolor. Small party-colored Medow Saffron.
7- his fmall fort differs not from the fmall fort lajt
Defcnbed, but in the Variety of the flower, which
as fmall as the former, the three inner Leaves
being all White-, and the three outward Leaves
feme of them Pale or Bluff , and feme party-colored,
with a little green on the back of fome of them.

..XI. 19. Colchicum flore plena : Double Flow-
er’d Medow Saffron. This in its Root and Leaf,
is very like unto the Englifh kind , the flowers are
of a fine , pale , diluted color, confijhng of many
Leaves Jet thick together, which are flontewhac
f mailer, as in the Englifh flower, being narrow and
long, and as it were round at the points, which
make a very double flower, having fome Chives with
their yellow Tips, difperfed as it were among the
Leaves in the middle. It blowers in September,
a little after the firft flew of the earlier Medow
Saffrons are paft. ,

XXII. 20. Colchicum variegatum plena flore :
The Party color’d double Medow Saffron. This
Plant is diverfified from the former in the dividing

i lu/tl ytuiut.fjtjoy.-ui. ..-.J

of its colors , as is feen in the Jingle party colored
- - n T r -- hen

oj us colors, uss <-> jtsfo - y o / v

Medow Saffron before Defcnbed, having fome
Leaves white , and others pale Purple, and fome

Leaves half white and half purple, diverfly Jet or

placed in the double flower , which does confift of
as many Leaves as the former-, yet fometimes this
party color'd -flower, does not flew it J. elf double
like the former-, but has two flowers, one rifling
out of another, making each of them to be alp/oft
but Jingle flowers, confijhng but oj eight or ten
Leaves apiece. But this diverfily K not conftant ;
for the fame Root , which this tear appears in that
manner, will the next Tear return to its former
kind of double flowers again.

XXIII. ar. Colchicum variegatum datum Agrip-
pina ■ The variegated Medow Saffron, commonly
called Agrippine. This is of later Difeovery than
the reft and has more Variety than any oj the for-
mer - the Difference chiefly confifttng in the color ,
and 'marking ' of the flowers, which in this, are
White and Red interfpers’d, or. variegated like a

TaliP' XXIV. 22. Col-

XXIV. 22. ( olcbicum maximum flore pleno :
The gie.it eft double Flower’d Medow Saffron.
Ibis biu Blowers much bigger and doubler than any
of the jormci\ containing very many round pointed
L' .ives. of a pale purp/ijh blujh color , fpreading
open, and forming a Gallant double Blower far
tranfc ending any of the former double kinds.

99

i

Medow Saffrons of the Spring.

XXV. 23. Colcbicum Vernum flore cameo:
Spring Medow Saffron, of a pale red or deep
blufh color. Its Root is fmall, fomething i like unto
the Roots of the former, but fiiorter, and not having
Jo long an Eminence on one fide of the bottom, ft
nfrs up very early in the Tear, viz. in the end of
January fometimes , or in the beginning of Febru-
ary, or middle thereof at farthejl-, prefently after
the deep Frofts and Snows are paft, with its i low-
ers inclofed within three green Leaves-, which open-
ing thctijelves , as foon almoft as they are out of
the Ground, fhea their Buds for blowers within
them ; very white oftentimes before they open far
and fometimes alfo purplifh at their firfl appear-
ing, which never Jhei o above two at moft upon one
Root ; and never rife above the Leaves, nor the
Leaves much higher than they, while they laft. The
blower confids of fix Leaves, long and narrow, eve-
ry Leaf being divided both at the bottom and top each
from other, and joined together only in the middle,
having alfo fix Chives, tipt with yellow in the mid-
dle, every Chive being joined to its proper Leaf
which is of a pale red, or deep blufh color, when
it hat food a while blown, and is a fmaller blower
than amy other Medow Saffron, except the Jmall
Spanilh kinds only ; but continues in its Beauty a
confider able time, if the extremity of fiiarp profs
do not fpoil it. The Leaves wherein thefe Flowers
are inclofed, at their firfl coming up, are of abrown-
ifh green color, which Jo abide for a while, efpecially
on the out fide-, but on the in fide they are hollow
and of a whitijh or grayifh green color, which after
the blowers are paft, grow to be of the length of a
Mans middle Finger, and narrow withal. There
fifes up like wife in their middle, the Head or Seed
Vejfel, which is fmaller and Jhorter and Harder than
airy of the former, in which is contained fmall round
brown Seed.

Chap. 6 1 2. Englijh Herbs.

. XXVIII. Tfe W Thefe are alfo declared
in their Defcriptions ; thofe which Flower earlieft
jn Flower in Auguft and September ; the

later in OUober ; and the lateft in the end of Offo-
ber and an November. The two laft Flower in the
S-pring, alter the depth and hardneft of Winter is
paft, as in January and February, if Froit and
Snow prevent not.

XXIX. Nora i. The Roots of th eCo/chica being
let about the end ol Auguft , or beginning of Sep-
tember, will fuddenly put forth Fibres, and (horc-
ly after Flowers,; being the firft blown from the
time of the Setting of the dry Roots, of all
others ; altho’ vulgarly accounted the laft, which
are indeed the firft which Flower; fome of them
m September , others in OUober ; the firft are the
Fatty-colored ; the lateft ate thofe of Chw.

XXX. Nota 2. They are ealily Planted, the
Koots looltng their Fibres, which may be taken up
as loon as the green Leaves are dtyed down, and
then kept out of the Ground, until the aforemen-
tioned time for their Planting. They delight in a
moift Earth, but being hardy, will thrive and in-
creale almoft in any Soil ; only that of Chio is ten-
der, and will not profper unlefs Planted in a warm
place, where it may have the Comfort of the Sun
and be (heltePd from Frofts, Wet, and Cold in
Winter, all which it very ill endures. It is not
doubted, but that other fine Varieties may be raifed
from Sowing of the Seeds of the belt kinds. The
manner of managing them, is the lime with that
of Tulips, and ocher bulbous Roots which loofe
their Fibres.

XXXI. The Qualities, Specification, Preparati-
ons and Virtues , Authors have faid nothing of,
lave that they are deadly, or very dangerous ac
leaft, having a Suffocating Quality. The only ufe
we make of them is for an Ornament to our Gar-
dens, and fo to gratifie the Florifts, and others
which delight in things of this Nature, we thought
good to introduce them into this prelent Work.

CHAP. DCXIir.

Of SAFFRON BASTARD:

XXVI. 24. Colcbicum Vernum atropurpureum :
Purple Medow Saffron of the Spring. The Flower
of this, is in the riling up of its Leaves and Flowers
together, and in all things e/fe, like unto the for-
mer ; only the Flowers of this kind, are at their
firft appearing, of a deeper Purple color ; and when
they are blown, are a/fo much deeper than the for-
mer ; divided in like manner both at bottoms and
tops, as the other are ; fo that they feem, like cu if
fix loofe Leaves were foined in the middle parts to
make one Flower : It has alfo its fmall Chives tipt
with yellow, cleaving in the like manner to even
Leaf. *

XXVII. The Places. Where they all grow na-
turally, is exprelled in the Title of almoft every
Plant : Some grow in Fields and Medows, and
Champion Grounds ; and fome on Mountains and
liiliy Grounds. The Englijh kinds grow in the
"Weft Parts of our Land, as about Bath, Brijlol
H'armifter, and other places alfo. The Double
kinds ate laid to be brought out of Germany ; all
the Foreign kinds have been tranfplanted from their
Native Soil into our Gardens, where they now
jiow as well as in their Natural places.

0 R,

S A F F - F L O W E R.

Galled, alfo ,

CARTHAMVS.

!• 'T' H E Names. It is called in Arabick Kar-
X lam, (whence our Latine Name Cartha.
mus : in Greek, & Kn!x&, either Jot ™ «»!-
fev. Quod eft hunger e vel modere : or, ImimmenS,
quod pungendo pruriginem excitet : or, « florts
colore, cum K/mQ- exponatur Croce its vel rutilus ■
in Latine , Cnicus, and fometimes Cnecus, but for
the moft part Carthamus in Apothecarii Shops
fri n raSu’nHy, quod eft Purgare as fome think’.
In Englijh, Ballard Saffron, alfo Carthamus and
Salt-Flower.

II. The Kinds. It is I. Cnicus vel Carthamus
Sal ivies, Gaiden or Manured Ballard Saffron.
II. Cnicus vel Carthamus Sy/veftris, Atra&yhs
Wild Baftaid Saffron, 01 Diftaff Thiftle.

III. The

99-

Salmonr Herbal. Lib. J.

HI. Ihe Kinds of the Manured. It is threefold-
1. Cnicus Sat ivies , velVrbanm , Cnicus vel Cartha-
mus vulgaris, our molt common ot Manured
Ballard Saffron, or Carthamus ; which is alio cal-
led Saff'-blouter. , and is a peculiar Name, diftinguilh-
ing it from all the other kinds. i. Cnicus fatgula-
ris Alpini , Cnicus alter Creticus , Ballard Saffron
of Candy. 3. Cnicus alter Cceruleo flora Clufi] ,
(as molt Authors call it) and Cnicus alter peren-
nis Clufl], Clufius his Evetlafting Ballard Saffron.
Thefe are the chief Manured Kinds yet taken
notice of. t .'x .

IV. The Kinds of the Atraaylis, nr Wild Cnicus.
Of this there are three forts. 1. A i&Avuh u
«T oalMK «”>«* Atraaylis Atraaylis flare Luteo
Cnicus alter Cluft, (hecapfe it is fo like the nrlt
Cnicus Sativus j Cnicus caruleus Camerarij, Lobe-
lij, Lugdunenjis, aliorumque : The yellow Wild
Carthamus, or Cnicus, or Dilfaff Thiftle. 2. A-
traflylis flore Purpurea, Purple Diftaft Thiltle-.
a. Atraaylis purpurea Cypr.a, Purple Diltaft
Thiltle of Cyprus.

' the Defcriptiotir:

I. Garden Cnicus, Carthamus, or
Saff - Flower.

V. The fir/}, or our tttojl Common Manured
Ballard Saffron, or Carthamus Sativus, called alfo
SpaniH) Ba itard Saffron, and Saff-Hower. It has a
Root which it long, great and. woody, pcriflttng
quickly with the flrji prop, or after Seed time.

Saffron Bafiard Garden.

4 feet high, with /barter Leaves thereon up to the
top, and towards the lop branching it felf forth,
which bear yet Jhorter Leaves, Jborp pointed, ana
fometimes prickly about the Edges ; bearing at the
end of each Branch, a great open fealy H out
of which come forth a great many Gold J. o
Threads, of a mod Orient and Shining color id ■
being gathered in a warm dry time, and kept di\ -,
will abide in the fame Delicate color, (which tir.
had whi/Jl frefh) for a long time : And this bleu a
is that which is called Saff-Hower, and Sold for
the fame every where by our Druggitts and Dry-
Salters. It is Manured in Spain for the , prop
which is made of it, for the Dying of Silks and
other things, and for the Merchunafe thereof ,
Tranfporting great Quantities of it into fever..:
other Countries-, but the blowers which grow o tub
us here in England in our Gardens, are of a fairer
and more lively color. When the blowers are pap .
the Seed comes, which when it has attained its
Maturity, is white and hard, fomewhat long and
round, and a little corner’d.

VI. Thefecond or Baltard Saffron of Candy. Its
Root is thick, long and black, from whence rtfes up
one firait round Stalk, half a Cubit high , or fame-
what more fet here and there with long Jharp
pointed Leaves, thick fet with Trickles at the
Dents of the Edges : At the top of this Stalk grows
a fealy Head, encompajjed with prickly Leaves, of
the bignefs of the Atra&ylis of Diituff Thililcj
out of which fpring forth a great many thick,
yellow Saffron like ' Threads , cloje thruft together ;
after which comes the Seed, which grows therein , of
a white color , and as large as the Seed of the
Greater Centory.

VII. The Third, or Clufius his Everlaitmg

Ballard Saffron. Its Root runs down deep into the
f heina thttrp irirreafed. does VUfl and

U hat fever a l large broad Leaves , lying next tie
Ground , without any P tickles upon them in our
Country , or z::tb very few. white ones , at the Cor-
ners of the Leaves and Divifions ^ from among
which , rifes up a (Irong hard and round. Stalky 3 or

Safron Bajlard Everlafting.

Chap. 6i^.

Herbs.

fpread it fclf, taking up a great deal of room. It
r ifes up with fever al bard flrong and round Stalks ,
without any Branches at all from them , to the
height of three or jour feet , bearing thereon at
Jcveral places , fomcwhat large and long Leaves ,
dented about the edgest of a fad or dusky green
color. At the top oj every Stalky fands one great
clofe hard fcaly Head , but not prickly at all not
fo great as the other Cnicus or Baftard-Saffron,
never opening the Scales of the Head , as it does :
from the middle of which , comes forth a great many
J breads ( yet nothing fo many as in the other) of a
fad blewifh AJh color , and whitifh at their bot-
toms. 1 he Seed which lyes in the Down in thofe
Heads , is greater (as it grows with us) alfo thick
andfhort , of a brow nijh color, and fewer in number
in each Head.

II. Wild Baftard Saffron, At ratty 1 is
Or DiftafF Thif'tle.

VIII. The Jhft of this Will Kind, or Yellow
Wild Carthamus, Cnic,us or Diftaff Thiftle. Its
Root is whitifh .and woody , perifhing every Lear
after Seed time. Its lower Leaves are winged ,
long and narrow , very much cut in on the Edges ,
very hairy , or as it were a little , Hoary, and not
prickly whilft they are Toung , and before the Stalk
fifes up ■, but then are harder and more prickly •
and fill the higher , the more Jharp jet with
Prickles •, which rifing to be three or four feet
high, are rough , round and branched from the
middle up war ds •, and has at the top of every Branch ,

- few f nailer, but more prickly Leaves , under

fiHrhh, U„.J -../'I. ry • 5 lit

— j — j 5 yin,r<.ijr ucuucs, nrmc/

every prickly Head ; which from their middles ,
Jhoot forth a few pale yellow Threads, which are
the flowers -, and being paf, have in them fever al
blackifh hard Seeds, fomewhat larger than thofe of

Saffron Baftard Wild.

Or,

Difiaff Thiftle.

993

He of the Ballard Saffron of Candy, lodged in
Prff b:“ nothing fo much in it. The leaves here-
°1 being gently broken (but not bruifed) before

t?o4rTuiceaU w ^ m,,yM “"W”

ThJrIhe fecon/ ' or PurPle Diftaff Thiftle.

tm W[rs not front the Lift in the jorm of the

f TRedUt °nly- 'niUC°l°'t bo.ng oflpur-
p tjh Red ; nor m its Leaves, faving that thefe
are no, hairy, or Hoary, nor in ,,s Stalk ei-
■“ 'feUom rifes fo high. In 'all o.
in theWw 1 t f° ‘‘H ,he forjner. yea even

7J!h l iy lUK,e aV°' ,hat one ™uli fry

(without a particular Ohfervation,) that it mere
the very fame plant.

r*n, JW or Pnrpk Diftaff Thiftle of
Lyprus. X he whole Stalk and Branches rife to

LtUtrlf°0t “l* A hdfin h^ht’ « ba,
JA,[ ft. “A'° ,he, Garden or Manured Cnicus
or Baitard- Saffron but lefter, and Something Rug -
€, ,, Crumpled, from among which rifes up the
Stalks aforef aid bearing a Thiftle-like head

L u uPi ah,ch Ienis f°r,h “Ifo ). lender
Branches bare or without Leaves , half a foot

‘on? or more having on each of them a fmali

& £ Ad,J'ke ,hat on ,he ,0P °f 'be mam
Stalk. The Flowers are Purple in the middle
out m fame Countries enclinmg to yellow: and
cLleei > hke <o 'bat of Cnicus or

vr It SitIvus> or Garden Baftard Saffron.

XI. The Places. The firft of the Garden
funds are Sown m Fields .in divers places of
Spam, Italy, Germany, England and France : but
^ry fftb 2;. Cap. i;. fayS tbat ii

1

ifrur ~~r' ‘ ““l in the Reign
of Vefpajjan rt was not known in Italy, and is
accounted by Theophraftus and Diofcorides to be
a Manured Plant, fo generally Sown for the ma-
ny ufes thereof The fecond Alpinus fays was
brought out of Candy. The Third is a Native
or Spam about Sevil and Corduba, and as Clulius
fays, grows in other places, Pena fays upon
Mount Baldus. *

XII. The Wild Baftard Saffron or Difiaff Thiftle
The firft Species there of Clufius fays grows a-
bout Sevil and Corduba in Spain. The Second
and Third kinds grow in many Countries as a-
bout Mompelier and Narbon in France ■ at alfo
m Italy, Greece, &c. Anguilara fays the Third is
found growing in Cyprus ; and Lugdunenfis fays
he found it in France, but fomething differing
m the color of the Flower. The firft of thefe
Wild Kinds more efpecially grows in our Eng-
lijh Gardens.

XIII. The Times. The Three Garden Kinds
Flower in the latter end of July or beginning
of Auguft , and the feed is ripe about the end
of Auguft or beginning of September. The Three
Wild forts Flower about the end of Summer, and
the feed is ripe towards the end of Auguft, or
in September , but the laft of the three flowers
and feeds fomething fooner than the other two
forts.

XIV. Nota. r. Of thefe plants the AtraSylis
or Wild Baftard Saffron, has few or no Virtues
aferibed to it by Authors, yet Galen fays, That
it is of a Drying faculty, and moderately duell-
ing. Diofcorides fays that if any one is Stung
by a Scorpion, he (hall feel no pain fo long as
he holds it in his hand, but being laid by, that
the pain will immediately return again. Pliny
fays, that it is very good againft the poilon of
all kind of Creatures, and is good for fuch as
are poifoned by eating of Mulhromes.

6 L XV, Nota

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I-

'xv’lvw. 2. Of the Cnicus , CaHbamus or
Garden Kind, the firft Species , called Pe“1'a!1>'
by the name of Safflower, is the chief and prm^
eipaL and that which is only Sold in Shops and
ufcd in Phyfick, and chiefly Cultivated in all our
Fields'and Gardens, both in England and b

in many other Countries; and of this hm
bind it is, that all the Seftions of the follow-
ingolfcoutfe relate to.. But it is true that th
Second Species, as Alp, nut fays is ufed by fome
in the fame manner and to the fame pa 0 ,

to purge with, as that firft is. Of the imrn
Species theie is little or nothing written by Am
thors, but by reafbn of its likenefs in form to
the firlt Species or Saff-Flower,A is thought to
poffefs fome of the fame Qualities and Virtues.

The Qualities, Specification , Preparations Virtues ,

allure, and Cure of Cnicus, Carthatnus or

Saff-Flower.

XVI The Qualities. The Flowers are hot and
rlrv in the firft Degree, as Mcfues writes •• Aperitive,
Abfterfive, Vulnermy, Peftocal, Arthriuck, Emetick
Cathartick, and Spermatogenetick. But the Seed
Galen fays, is hot in the third degree.

XVII The Specification. Formerly the Seed
was only ufed in Phyfick, which as Galen fays,
Purges- Now in our Days the Flowers are ufed,
and to all the lame Intentions befides their
Mechanic^ Application for Dying of Silks, Color-
ing, Staining, Cc. They are laid to Cure an
Althma, and all other Difeafes of the Lungs.
The jaundice, Dropfy, Gout, Rheumatiftn, Kings
Evil, Impotency in Men, and Barrennefs in Wo-

mfXVIII The Preparations. You may make there-
from, I '.An lnjufion of the Flamers in Chicken,
Minton,, or Veal Broth. 2. A TinBure of the
Flowers in Canary, White Lisbon White Madera,
or White Port Wine. 2. An ExtraR of the
Flowers with Spirit of Wine 4. An Emulfion
of the Seed in Mead or Homed Water or Chick-
en firotb 5. Cmcimel or a Lohoch of the Seed
with Honey, or ExtraRcd Juice of Jumper-Ber-
ries 6. Diacarthamum. 7. Diacarthamum novum.
8. Enema , or the Clyfier. 9. A Ponder of the
Vloasfs. 10. A pulp of the Seed.

The Virtues.

XIX The lnfufion of the Flowers in Chicken ,
Mutton or Veal Broth. A dram of the Flowers in
lnfufion, opens Obftruaions of the Liver and
Spleen, purge the Bowels gently, and are profita-
hie aaainft the Yellow Jaundice, Green-Stcknels,
and other Difeafes proceeding horn the Obftrufhon

of the Womb. . ~

XX. The TinBure of the flowers in Unary
White Lisbon, Madera , or White Port H we. It
has the Virtues of the former lnfufion, but much
mote agreeable to the Stomach and Bowels, and
therefore is more profitable again!! the Jaundice :
it opens, cleanfes and purges, but in a more gentle
manner than the Tithymales or Spurges and fo alio
is good againft Afthmas, Coughs, Colds, and Ob-
ftruffions of the Lungs.

XXL The ExtraR of the Flowers. It may be
made with Wine, or Spirit of Wine, Mead and
other things of like nature. It is good againft the
Tv0nfv Jaundice, Gout, Scurvy, Rheumatilm,
Kings' Evil Obftruaions of the Womb: Purges
gently and- may be given from a Scruple to two

Scruples, or more, according to Age, and orlier
Accidents, and repeated every other Day, for 5 or
6 times together.

XXII. The Emulfion of the Seed in Mead, Ho-
nied Water, or Chicken Broth. It provokes to
Stool and fo Purges Vifcous Flegm, and lharp Hu-
mors ; prevails againft the Colick, Allhtna’s, and
ftiortnefs of Breath; as alfo againft the Scurvy,
Dropfy, Gout, Rheumatifm and Kings F.vil,
Coughs, Colds, and other Diftempers of the Breft
and Lungs. But by reafon of its harlhnefs it
ought to be corrected wiih Anileeds, Caraways,
Cardamoms , Cloves , Galangal , Ginger , Sal
Gem, ESX .

XXIII. Cnicimel. Or Lohoch cf the Seed made
with Honey. Take the Inner Ke'rne.ls,-&f' Cnicus
or Cartbamus Seed 3 Drams -. Almonds Blanched
1 Dram : Pine Kernels half a Dram : Honey a
fufficient quantity ; Atti feeds .. Caraways, Galangal ,
Ginger , of each in fine ponder a 'Scruple: Sal
Gem Levigated gr. 1 *. Ikix and make a
Lohoch. It is good againft all the Difeafes for
which the Emulfion is given: it takes away
Afthma’s, Hoarfnefs, Wheezing, and moft otte
difeafes of the Lungs, and caufes a clear Voice, befiaw
which it very much encreafes Sperm or Seed in
both Sexes , and therefore is profitable againft
Impotency in Men, and Barrennefs in Women.

If it is made with the Honey like Extraft of
Juniper-Berries, it wilt be yet much more pow-
erful to all the purpofes and Intentions aforefaid.

XXIV. Diacarthamum. An Elefluary of Car-
thamus Seeds. Take Cartbamus Seeds husked \
HermodaRs, of the Species Diatragacanlbi frigidi ,
of each half an Ounce : White Turbith in fine
Ponder 6 Drams : Diagridium in fine Pouder 7,
Drams: White Ginger in Pouder 2 Drams-. Pure
White Sugar 1 2 Ounces , Manna in Grains 2 Ounce yg
Honey of Rofes folutiva Jl rained. Sugar Candy}
Pulp of preserved Quinces , of each 1 Ounce :
mix the Honey,, Manna , and Pulp of Quinces
with the Sugar whi/Jl hot, being Boiled to a Con-
fifiency ; then add the Pouders, and make a folid
Electuary, to be formed into Tables according to
Art. It is an Excellent thing to purge Choler,
Flegm, Wind and watery humors from all parts
of the Bbdy, but chiefly ftom the Head and Joints.

It is good againft the Scurvy, Dropfy, Jaundice,
Gout, Rheumatifm, King’s-Evil, Palfie, and an
inveterate or old head ach : and being made up
into Lozenges, it may be given to Children to
Kill Worms. Dofe from half an Ounce to an
Ounce ; and in very llrong Conftitutions to an
Ounce and half.

XXV. Diacarthamum Novum. Take Cartbamus
Seeds Husked an Ounce : Diagridium, HermodaRs,
Refinous Jallap of each half an Ounce-, Cambo-
gium 2 Drams: Cloves , Ginger , Nutmegs , Winters
Cinnamon , Zedoary, of each 3 Drams all being
in fine Pouder, mix them with the Triple weight
of Honey of Rofes folutive /trained , or Syrup of -
Peach-flowers , and make an EleRuary according
to Art. It has all the Virtues of the former, but
much more powerful to every intention; and may
be given in the morning falling, from half an
Ounce to an Ounce, to be fwallowed alone, or
in fome convenient Vehicle cold.

XXVI. Enema, Ot the Clyfter. Take fat Mut-
ton or Chicken Broth three quarters of a Pint ;
of the Emulfion at SeR.,22. above a quarter of a Pint
or fometbing better: Sal Gaps' in fine Pouder half
a Dram ; mix for a Clyfier. It Evacuates the
Bowels, and gives 'eafe in the Colick and Gib
Ding of the Guts; cleanfing the Bowels from Vi fl

r O ... _ 1 A l

IUU5 D “

cous Flegm, and other Acrid and (harp humors.
5 XXVII. The

Chap. 6 1 3 . 'Englijh Herbs.

995

XXVII. T he Fonder of the Flowers. Given
to a Dram in Barly Water, or Mead, or Honied
Water, it prevails admirably agaioft the yellow
Jaundice.

XXV1U. The Pulp of ibe Seed. Given ro a
Dram in an Ounce of Syrup of Wormwood ;
it is faid to cure the Jaundice, gives eafe in the
Colick, aad kill worms in the Stomach and
Bowels.

XXIX. Kota. Some Authors fay that the
Seeds of Cnicus or Carthamus which are brought
to us out of the Levant Countries are more
quick in their Cathartick or purging Qualities,
and more powerful in their Operation, than thofe
which grow in England, or our more Northern
Climates.

XXX. As to its Vulnerary Vertue. It is very
manifeft in its effects, being ufed either in its Pon-
der, which may be conliantly given inwardly, and
outwardly ftrewed upon the Sore ; Or , in its
Tinl/ure, given inwardly daily, and wafhing the
Wound with it-, Or in its b.xlrad, in like manner
given, and applyed ; Or, in its Inf upon in Wine, or
Wine and Water, Or in Syrup, inwardly and out-
wardly ufed, by which it abforbs the acid parti-
cles by which the Wound or Ulcer is kept open,
and gently carries off the Recrements of the hu-
mors, diverting them another way ; and for thefe
very reafons, it is of Admirable ufe in Cure-
ing Sores and Ulcers of the Kings-Evil, being
ufed in the ways above-mentioned ; or thus.
Take the Balfam of Peru, 4 Ounces : Ponder or
LxtraS of Saff-flower 2 Ounce,s mix them. Out-
wardly lay it upon the Sore or Ulcer: and in-
wardly give it from half a Dram , to a Dram
or more, according to Age and other Accidents,
fo long as need requires.

XXXI. The Culture of Saff- flower, or Cartha-
mus. What we (hall fay to this IhalL be from a
Letter of Henry Hall Efq; whofe Experience in
the management thereof is worth Obfervation.
This flower in my Opinion (fays he) is impro-
perly called Saff or Zaff-flmner, for its Seed is
the fame we call Carthamus, and is Cultivated
after this following manner. The ground being
prepared and made fine, ' the Seed is fowed in
Kiils, as Peafe here about London ire molt ufu-
ally ’fowed' 5, but this at a greater diftance, that
with more conveniency it may be howed and
cleanfed from the Weeds; befides it mult be
Sowed very thin, for it is a itrong plant, and
requires room to fpread, one Stalk producing Se-
ven Ten, or Twelve Heads of Buttons , all which
hear flowers. The exaft quantity of Seed ts an
Acre (for want of my Notes) I dare not affirm ;
but to the heft of my remembrance, it was a-
bout five Pecks to an Acre. After ii is come
up, about 6 inches in height, the ground mult
be well cleanfed from Weeds ; from which after-
wards, for the moft part, the plant defends its
felf; but if once rifen, they mult be carefully
weeded out; other looking to it needs not, un-
til the Flower grows ripe, which is known by
its color, for then ir will be of a deep Orange
Tawney; it ripened here with us in the beginning
of Auguft . _

XXXll. The Gathering of the Flower. Such
hands as are dieapeft got , are made ufe of in
this work, as Women and Children, who with
little fpud knives, take out the Flower from the
Buttons which they put into Baskets they carry
on their left Arm, which when filled, they empty
into other great Baskets, in which it is carried
home to be cured. The ripeft of the Flowers
mull firft be gathered ; the others will ripen fuc-

celfively. The work may take up a Week or
Ten Days, before all will be fit to gather. The
planters thereof affirm, that the gathering the
Flowers, does not impede the ripening of the
Seed: but in this I am a. little doubtful, for
fome Experiments I have made, have evinced to
me the contrary. After the Flowers are gathered,
the Seed ripens, which is known by the clea-
ving of the Buttons, or fome other tryal. Then
they cut the Plant, and allowing it time to dry,
having bound it in (heaves and bundles, they
houie it, and at convenient times Thraih ir.

XXXIII. The Curing of the Flower. There is
no other Ceremony in this, th3n the laying it
on a clear Floor, where the Air may have a
free Accefs; it is lay’d about 2 inches in Thick-
nefs, and Itirred about 2 or 2 times a day, to
accelerate the drying , and avoid Fermentation,
which would fpoil the color of the Flower. In
performance of this, I think a Stove would with
more advantage, and quicker difpatch, prepare the
Flower for packing, which when thorow dry they
put into Canvafe Bags.

XXXIV. A ota. i. Saff-Flower is a Drug which
now ufualiy comes from Germany , and is chiefly
Cultivated about Srrasburgh: here it is much ufed
by Silk Dyers, who give a good price for ir,
which encouraged a Gentleman of my Acquaint-
ance, to procure fome Seed from thence, which
he lowed in fome Grounds not far from him,
with fo good fuccefs, that notwithllanding feveral
Difcouragements he met with, he fent an Agent
purpofely to get a confiierable parcel of Seed,
which was difpofed of in feveral places.

XXXV. Nota 2. Some fmall quantity of this
Seed I got, to make fome experiments with ; but
recommended for the fowing of a Quantity, a
piece of Ground in the Valley of Everjham in
Glocefderjhire , belonging to a Sifter of mine, who
the year before had from this Ground a Crop
of Wheat. The Ground was a mixt Sand, of
about 15 (hill, per Acre value, and was then dref-
fed as is ufual in that Country for Barley, only
it had a Harrowing extraordinary, for the better
and finer lying of it. This piece of Ground con-
fiding of about 2; Acres, was taken for 2 years
by an Adventurer in this Seed, at the Rate of
2; Ihili. per Acre, in confideration that the plant
is faid to be a great impoverifher of Land ;
he fowed his Seed in April, and gathered the
I lower in Auguft ; which having cured, was put
into Bags and Sold at London, at Ten Pounds
per Hundred Weight ; a price he faid, much be-
low his Expectation ; but at that Rate we com-
puted he might gain above 20 (hillings per Acre
clear profit, all charges difeounted, excepting
the price of the Seed. There was alfo a plen-
tiful return of Seed , which had it been well
managed would have amounted to a confiderable
Value, perhaps as much as the flower , which
for want of Experience was a little too timely
gathered. This Field might yi^i by Eftimation
140 Bufhels, for only fome parr of it was Thralht ;
the refidue was put up in a Stack, in the open
Air, but Thatch’t, to pieferve it from Wet.

XXXVI. Kota. 2. What I have here writ, is
from the relation of fome of the planters, and
the perfon that Sowed the Ground here men-
tioned and gathered the Flower. Now fince the
fowing of this Seed, and propagating of the
Plant, may arrive to a very great improvement
if rightly managed, I will offer fome Experi-
ments of my own, for the encouragement of this
Plantation; and which feem to me ro Obviate
the main Objections which have been made a-
6 L 2 gainft

996

Salmon' s Herbal. Lib. I.

againft it^ ns firft, That the Plant being a hardy
a'ud Itrong Plant, will endure to be fowed much
fooner without any prejudice, fo that the Flower
will come to be ripe before Wheat Harveft, when
plenty of hands may be had to get it in. I
Sowed fome in February , and fome about the
middle of March , both thrived very well. Flow-
ered, and was ripe, to be gathered in July , be-
fore the 2orh day. That which was Sowed in
February was not fo well colored, as the other
Sowed in March ■, but that I impute more to the
negleft of my Gardner than to any premature
Sowing of the Seed. That which is Sowed in
an open place, and conftantly expofed to the
Sun and Air, produces a larger Flower, much
better colored , and more upon a Stalk than
that which is Sowed in the (hade.

XXXVII. Not a 4. Secondly, It is Objected,
that our Engiijh Seed is not fo good as the Ger-
man, and will hardly ferve one year, and then
double the quantity mult be Sowed, fo that the
procuring of more Seed every fecond year out
of Germany , would be too great a charge to an-
fvver expectation. To which I anfwer, that I
think this may be a great miltake; for the ga-
thering of. the Flower does without doubt im-
pair the ripening of the Seed. For having left
lome Flowers Itanding purpofely, that naturemight
do her own work, I gathered the Seed when ripe,
which proved brighter, larger, and much heavier
than any of the other, whole Flower was forced
from it: therefore am confident, that if fome part
be left to Hand, to have its full time of ripen-
ing, without gathering the Flower, and the Seed
preferved ro a fecond Sowing * that that Seed
will be full as good as what is brought from
Germany.

XXXVIII. Kota y. Thirdly, It is Objeaed
that it is a great impoveriflier of Land, for af-
ter a Crop of Saff Flower, it will hardly bear
any thing. I believe it impoverifhes the ground,
but not fo as to difable it ro bear another Crop:
The piece of ground afore mentioned which was
Sowed with S.ff-Y lower, did the year following,
bear a good Crop of Oats ^ and had it been the
third year, followed and well drelfed, would
have been fit for Wheat or Saff-Ylower again.

XXXIX. Not a 6. This I alfo obferved, that
very much of the Seed where the Flower was
gathered from the Stalk, was not only light,
but hollow and black within for which reafon,
I am of Opinion, that if fome part of a piece
of Ground was left Itanding to ripen of it felf,
the goodnefs of the Seed would fully compen-
fate in its product, the lofs of the Flower, and
the remaining Seed might be very profitable for
other ufes, lor the Faming of Turkeys, Geefe,
and other Creatures, being well fed therewith,
for that it caufes them to grow Fat much fooner
than when they are Fed with other Grains.

XL. A ota. 7. The Novelty of this Flower,
as it drew fever^Ji Spectators in the Country, to
fee it in the field ^ fo it likewife begot an Opi-
nion in fome of the more Ignorant, that it was
Saffron, in which they were confirmed from the
Name, and the TinCture of it : fo that they pri-
vately Hole confjderable quantities, when it was
ripe, and ufed it in their Puddings, Cakes, yea
even in their Bread it felf ^ till they were con-
vinced by its purgative quality, which to fome
was very Troublefome.

XLI. Plot in his Natural Hijlory of Oxford-
shire, Chap. 6. Parag. ?y. page, iyy. fays, that
Cnicus, five Carthamus Sativus, Manured Baftard
Safiron or Saft-Flower, ufed. for dying of Scarlets,

and therefore by fome called Sea: let Flower ^ was
once Sown at North A ft on, by Collonel Vernon ;
the Seeds being planted in Rows, about a Foot
diltance, for the more convenient howing, and
keeping it clean from Weeds. In thefe Rows it
rifes with a ftrong round ftalk, three or four
Feet high, branching it felf to the Top : where
it bears a great Scaly Head , out of which it
thrufts forth many Gold yellow Threads, of a
molt Orient andfhining color * which they gather
e,ery day as .faft as they ripen, and dry them
well i which done, it is fit for Sale, and dvin?
of Scarlet.

CHAP. DCXIV.

Of SAGE GARDEN.

I. "T'tf E Names. It is called, by the Arabians
JElif sees , and Aelisfacos : In Greek ’Ea!-
(derived I fuppofe from the Arabick Name :)
in Latine Salvia (quia Salvos homines & incolumes
efficiat :) and in Englilh, Sage.

II. The Kinds. There are two principal fpecies
of Sage, viz. i. Salviahortenjis , Garden Sage, of
which in this Chapter. 2. Salvia agrejiis vcl fyl-
vejlris. Wild or Wood Sage, of which in the
Chapter following.

III. T he Kinds of the Garden Sage. There are
many fpecies of this fort, fome of which grow
not with us ; the chief of them which we have in
our Gardens are thefe following, viz. r. Salvia
major alba Vulgaris , Salvia alba latifolia, our com-
mon greater white or Green Leav’d Sage. 2. Salvia

major rubra vulgaris , Salvia rubra anguftior , our
common red Sage. 3. Salvia maxima latifolia. Sal-
via latifolia J, 'errata , great white Sage. 4. Salvia
Virtutis , Salvia minor Matthio/i , Salvia pinnata ,
Salvia nobi/is Gefncri , Salvia anguftifolia , & tenu-
i folia •, Salvia aurita , Salvia aurtculata , Sage of
Virtue. 5. Salvia aurita minor odoratiffima , Sal-
via aurita Hfpanica , the moll odoriferous fmall
Sage, ot Spanilh Sage. 6. Salvia abfinthites , Sal-
via minor altera C/ij/ij , Wormwood Sage, Roman
Sage. 7. Salvia Vanegata, Party-colored Sage. 8.
SalviaVariegata altera, fpeckled Sage, of all which
in order.

The Defcripticms.

IV. The firft or our common greater white or
Green Leav d Sage. It has a long and pretty thick
Woody Root, with many Strings adjoining to it,
which fends forth four fquare Woody Stalks in fome
green, and in others of a whitifh green, as are alfo
the Leaves, which ftand by pairs or couples at the
joints, being fomewhat long and broad Rough and,
Wrinckled, of a ftrong but plea font aromatick feent
at the tops of the Stalks come forth the flowers
fet at certain fpaces, one above another, which are
long and gaping, like unto the flowers of Clary, or
Archangel, but of a blewifb purple color : after
which come [mall round Seed in the bottom of the
husk which contained the flower. This Plant is
more ufually propagated by Slips, thruft into the
Ground in the Spring time , than by the Seed.

V. The

Chap. 6ur Englijh Herb

V . The fecond, or our common red S jge. This
f its form, as to its Roots , Stalks , Branches ,
Leaves , flowers and Seed little differs from the

Sage Garden

Common and Red .

former , [wing that in this the Leaves are of a red
or puiflijh color , of the fame length but narrower ;
and it fecnis to be the more generous and fragrant
Plant of the two. Parkinfon thinks , that both the
former and this arc but one and the fame Plant or
Jpecies ; or that they both rife from the fame Plant
being flip! off and fet.

VI. The Third, or great white Sage. This dif-
fers not much from the firjf or our common white or
green Sage before deferibed in the manner of the
Growing , or the color of the Leaves , or fweetnefs
of the whole Plant. The chief difference confifts
!. in the Leaves, which are much larger and a lit-
tle dented about the edges -, and fame time* much
more , making them [eem curled , divers of the Leaves
being fur Inches long , and three Inches broad, i.
in the Flowers, fame Plants bearing purplijh Plow -
ers , like the common fort , and others Milk white
plowers , which is the more rare.

VII. The Fourth or Sage of Virtue. This in
its Root, Stalks , and Branches , grows like unto our
frfi or common green Sage , but that the "Branches
are longer and Jlcndcrer , the Leaves alfo mhitijh ,
and never red , and much f mailer and narrower , ha-
ving for the mofi pan at the bottom of each Leaf
on each fide , a fmall piece of a Leaf which make]
n J eem like Finns or Ears. The plowers are alfo
oj a blevtfh purple color but /offer. There is ano-
ther of this kind which bears white Flowers , diffe-
ring in nothing^ dfe from the other.

VIII. The Fifth or moll odoriferous fmall Sage,
or Spanifh Sage. This fmall Sage is in mofi
things, /ike unto the former Sage of Virtue with
Ears-, fo like , that unlefs it be well heeded or con-
ftlered , it may be thought all one with the other :
but herein conftjis the Difference, i. It feldom
grows fo great or large as that. 2. Its Leaves arc

x _ __ 991

Sage of Virtue.

feftewhat fmaller and greener, or not fo while. 3.
» is more tender to keep, and does fooner perijh
in the Winter, unlefs it be better defended than the
other. 4. Its f me ll is more Mild, Sweet , andPIca-
fant, yet a little quicker voithall than the for-
mer, which is eaftht difeerned by any that can judge
of f m ells. . Lajtly , fame kinds hereof bear white

Flowers , and others blew.

IX. The Sixth, or Wormwood Sage, or Roman
Sage. This differs little in the form of growing, or of

large nefs.

998

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

hrienefs or color of the Leaves, from the ordinary
email S.ai!e of Virtue, but that it has not Ears Jo
Tlenfly is that has ; but the chiefeft d,fference\
'<ha as Vinners are red, and that the Plant in
both its fatal! and tafle is like unto Wormwood.

X. The Seventh, or party colored Sage, lots
kind, a rows with Roots, Branches and Leaves
very like unto our ffft or common Sage but fome-

sahat (mailer: the chief difference conjlfis in the co-
lor of the Leaves, being diverjly Marked and Spot-
ted, with -Mhfe and red among the Careen, f or
upon one Branch you Shall have the Leaves Jede-
-rally Marked one from another, as the one half of.
Pe Leaf -white, and the other half green, with Red
fhadowed over them bothu, or more white than green,
with fane red in it, cither parted, or Jhadowed or
dajht here and there : Or more green than white
and red therein, either in the middle, or end of
the Leaf 1 or more or le.fi. ported, or ftnped with
white and red in ■ the Green ■ or elje Jometimes
wholly Green, the whole Branch together,; as Ma-
ture is p/eafed to exhibit the Varieties. Shis man-
ner of Growing, nfmg from one and the fame
Plant, bccaufc it is Jo much Variable, is she titore
de/eSable and Voidable. . .

XI The Eighth, or Speckled Sage. This in
Its Roots, Stalks, Branches, Leaves, Blowers, Seed,
form and manner of growing as alfo irt its >nag-
nitude U very like the laft dejenbed, being really a
Species thereof ; but in this kind the Reaves are
L-ckled as it were, partly with white and green-,
f ut it has not the beauty of the former, beeaufe
that has three colors evidently to be difeerned in
every Leaf almofl , the red adding a fuperabound-
,„g beauty to the ref -, whereas this is only Spotted
with two colours white and green. The two laft,
or Seventh and eighth kinds, are only different Sorts
of the firfi or common kind before declared .

YAV The Places. Thefirft, fecond, third, fourth,
fifth and fixth grow naturally in Spain and Italy *
and all of them, as alfo the feventh and eighth
are now Natives of England , and grow and flou-
ritti admirably in our Gardens. , , .

XIII. The Times. Almolt all tliefe feveral kinds
of Sage Flower in July, and have ripe Seed in Au-
guj], or not long alter their times of Howering.
But’the Sage of Virtue , tho’ molt commonly and
in many places, it yields no Seed at all, yet in
fome Countries and in Come Years it does : how-
ever its defeft ol Seed is fupplyed, in its increafe
by ferting of flips in the proper feafon.

XIV. The Qualities. Sage is faid to be hot and
dry in the third Degree, Altringent, Anodyn, Car-
minative, Digeftive, Difcufllve, Diuretick, and
Traumatick: Cephalick, Neurotick, Stomatick,
Hyfterick. Arthruick, Emmenagogick, Sudonfick,
Alexipharmick and Analeptick.

XV. The Specification. It is good againlt a V er-
tigo, Lerhar-gy, Headach, from a cold Caufe, Pal-
fie, Convulfions, fpitting Blood, weaknefs of the
Nerves, Bairennefs in Men or Women, Poifon, the
bi tings of Serpents and other Venomous Creatures,
the Plague, and other Malign and Peftilential Dif-
eafes. Catarrhs, Rheumatifms, &c.

XVI. The Preparations. You may have there-
. The Green Leaves. 2. The Juice. 3. The

• An Infufion in Wine or Water. $. A

The Virtues .

from, 1
Efience.
Puuder
ment. 7
gar if m.

Tintlure .

of the Leaves. 6. An Oil , or Oint-
. A Cataplafm. 8. Pills. 9. A Gar-
id. A dijlilled Water. 11. A Spirituous
12. An Acid Tintture. 13. An Oily

Tintlure. 14. A Spirit. 15. A diflil/ed Oil. 16.
Pate fates or Pawers. 17. An Elixir. 18. A
C fi.rve of the Flowers.

XVII. The Green Leaves. They are ufually
eaten in the Spring as a Sallet, with a little
Vinegar, Salt, and Pepper, with good Butter
and Bread-, fo eaten it ltrengthens the Stomach,
expells Wind, comforts the Bowels, and relifts
Poifon, and is profitable for fuch as are_ Dull
and Drowfie, and apt to be afflifted with Vapors
from the Spleen or Womb.

XVllI. The Juice. It flops the Bleeding of
Wounds, and cleanles foul putrid Sores and Ul-
cers. Agrippa fays, that if it be taken with a
little Salt by Childing Women, . for fome days
before they accompany with their Husbands,
whofe Wombs are too moifl and ilippery, and
are unfruitful by reafon of that default, that it
will help them to conceive ^ and fuch as have
conceived, and are fubject often to mifearry up-
on any fmall occafion, it will prevent the Abor-
tion, and caufe them the better to retain the fruit
in the Womb, and alfo make it the more lively.
Therefore in Cyprus and JEgypt , after a great
Plague, Women were ordered to drink the Juice
of Sage, to caufe them to be the more fruitful.
And Orpheus fays, that three Spoonfuls of the
Juice of Sage, fweetned with a little Honey, and
taken falling, does prefently flop the Spitting
or Vomiting of Blood. Matthiolus fays, that it
is very profitable for all manner of Pains of the
head coming of Cold, and Rheumatick humors,
as alfo for all pains of the Joints, whether ufed
inwajrilv or outwardly j and for fuch as have the
FSff^^Sicknefs, Lethargy, or droufieEvil, and
fuch as are dull and heavy of fpirit, and for thofe
who have the Palfie, or are troubled with De-
fluxions of their Rheum upon the Lungs, as alfo
for other Difeafes of the Thorax or Breft. Diof-
corides fays that it provokes Urine, brings down
the Courfes, and forces away the dead Child.
Pliny fays that it provokes Womens Courfes ; and
yet that it flops them, when they come down too
fail i helps the flinging and bitings of Serpents,
and kills Worms breeding in the Ears, as alfo in
Putrid Sores or Ulcers.

XIX. The Ejjence. It has all the Virtues of
the Juice, and is more potent to all thofe Intenti-
ons i befides which, it is of good ufe in the Plague
it felf, and againft all Malign and Peftilential Dif-
eafes, being taken Morning and Evening, and at
other times as the Phyfician ftiall advife, from a
fpoonful to 3 fpoonfulls, according to Age and 0-
ther Accidents, in any proper Vehicle.

XX. The Infufion or Decoflion in Wine or Wa-
ter. They have all the Virtues of the Juice or
Efience, but much inferiour to them in Potency,
and therefore may be given from a quarter of a
Pint to half a Pint at a time, as the occafion may
require ; and may be ufed Ordinarily, infuled in
Water, after the manner of Tea, by which many
have found very good Effefts. Bathed upon the
Cods it abates their Itching.

XXI. The Pouder of the Leaves. Taken tp a
Dram, it reftifies the evil difpofition of the Sto-
mach, coriefts and expels Wind, is good againft
Scrophula or Struma ^ and outwardly applyed flops
the bleeding of Wounds, and alfo cleanfes and
drys up old Putrid and running Sores or Ulcers.
It alfo flops the immoderate Flux of the Courfes,
and flays Vomiting.

XXII. The Oil or Ointment. They are Anodyr,
or eafers of Pain, difeufs Tumors in their fitft ap-
pearance,

I

Chap. 6iq, 'Engiifb Herbs.

999

pearance, are profitable againft the Gout from a
cold caufe, (trains and weaknefles of the Joints,
and to cleanfe, dry and heal old running Sores.

XXIII. T be Cataplafm. If it is made of frefh
Sage Leaves and Nettles, beaten together, and it
be laid upon an Apofteme behind the Ears, it does
much difcufs and help ir. And if it is made of
Sage Leaves alone, by fcalding them in Wine, and
bruiting them, and fo applyed to any Paralytick
Part, it does much good ; more efpecially, if at
the fame time the Patient takes inwardly Morning
and Night, the Elfence, Powers, or Elixir of Sage
alfo.

XXIV. The Tills. Take Sage Seed reduced to
Yonder ten Drams: Long Yepper 12 Drams ;
Ginger , Spicknard of each two Drams : All being in
fine Yonder , with. Juice of Sage make them up in-
to a Mafs of Yi/ls. Thefe Pills are commended
for the Cure of Confumptions, being taken e-
very Morning falting, and every Night going to
Bed, a dram at a time in any convenient Vehicle.
They alfo expell Wind, gives eafe in the Colick,
provoke the Terms, and facilitate the Birth.

XXV. The Gargarifm. Take Juice of Sage 4
parts^ Juices of tiony Suckles , of Ylantane , of each
1 parts : Juice of Columbines one parr : in which
diffolve a little Alum , and Jweeten with Honey.
It cures Cankers, Ulcers, and Sores in the Throat,
Mouth and Gums, by gargling therewith, as alfo
in the fecret parts of Man or Woman, by wafh-
ing therewith often.

XXVI. The Tiff, lied Water. It has the Vir-
tues of the Juice and Effence, but in a much low-
er degree, and may be given to fix or eight Oun-
ces at a time fweetned with Honey, otherwife it is
ufed only as a Vehicle to convey other of the pre-
parations down in.

XXVII. The Spirituous T injure. It has all
the Virtues of the Juice and Efferfce, but more
Stomatick, Diggftive, Cordial; it comforts the
Head, Brain, Nerves, Womb and Joints, and re-
fills all Difeafes affecting thofe parts, occafioned
by cold, moilt, acid and (harp humors or weak-
nefs : Dofe 60 or 80 drops, Morning, Noon, and
Night, in a glafs of Generous Wine.

XXVIII. The Acid TinSure. It is a noble
Medicament againft the Plague and all forts of
Peftilential and Malign Difeafes whatfoever ,
deftroying the poifon in its Root. It prevails alfo
againft the poifon of Vipers, Rattle-fnakes, and
other Serpents ; as alfo againft the Ma-
lignity of the biting of Mad Dogs and other Ve-
nomous Creatures : and being bathed upon any
part troubled with the Gout, gives eafe to the
part. Dofe inwardly 60 Drops or more, twice
or thrice a day, in a Glafs of White Lisbon, or
other fit Vehicle.

XXIX. The Oily Tintture. It prevails againft
the Stone, Gravel, Sand, and Tartarous Mucilage
in the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, provokes Urine,
and gives eafe in the Strangury and intolerable
pains and Weaknefles of the Back. It provokes
the Terms, opens obftruQions of the Womb and
cleanfesir, it gives eafe in the Colick and Gripings
of the Guts, and is a potent Remedy againft moft
difeafes of the Brain and Nerves, proceeding of
cold, as Carus, Lethargy, Headach, Palfie, Con-
vulfions, Cramps, and other like difeafes of thofe
parts, being anointed along on the Back Bone,
and upon the parts affefted, and taken inwardly
Morning and Night, in Tome proper Vehicle, from
20 to 30 or 40 Drops, as the Phyfician ihall
advife.

XXX. The Spirit. It is made as you make
Spirits of Lavender, Pennyroyal, Rofemary, 0c.

it is highly Cordial and Neurotick, and has all
the Virtues of rhe Juice and Effence. Dofe half
an Ounce or more in. a Glafs of generous Wine.
It comforts and warms the Womb, and promotes
Conception.

XXX 1. The DiJUUed Oil. It is Cephalick,
Neurotick ; Cardiack , Uterine , Carminative ,
Anodyn, Alexipharmick, and Analeptick ; quickens
the Senfes and Memory, Screngthe* die Head,
Nerves, and Joints, is good againft Apoplexies,
Convulfions, Epilepfies, Lethargies, Megrims,
Palfies, Vertigo’s, helps againft Catarrhs, Kheu-
maiifins, Pleuritick pains, Coughs, Colds, Spit-
ting' ,of Blood, Confumptions, and pains- of the
Sides; it expels Wind , drys up watery humors,
and is good^gainlt the Bitings of Mad Dogs,
Serpents, and" other 'Poifonous Creatures; it pro-
vokes Urine wonderfully, brings down the Terms,
and hallens the Birth, cauling eafy Delivery ;
and in a word has all the Virtues of rhe Juice,
Effence, and Spirit aforegoing. Dofe a .gut. iij.
ad x. in fome convenient Vehicle. It mult ne-
ver be given .alone , becaufe of its exceeding
hear.

XXXII. The Yotejlatcs or Yowers. Thele have
all the Virtues of the Juice, Effence, and Diftilled
Oil, and may be given to all thofe purpofes and
Intentions, twice a day, in a Glafs of Generous
Wine, from a quarter of a Spoonful to half a
Spoonful. They facilitate the Birth and After-
Birth, force away the Dead Child, and potently
refill a Paralyfis.

XXXIII. The Elixir. This is yet ftronger than the
Powers, and of more exalted properties, but may be
given in the fame D8fe with them, and after the
fame manner.

XXXIV. The Conferve of the flowers. It is
ufed to warm and comfort the Brain and Nerves,
to help and reftore the memory, quicken the Senfes,
and Stop Fluxes of the Bowels.

CHAP. DCXV.

Of SAGE WILD.

I. 'T'H E Names. It is called in Greek twrrang-
1 dyet& ! in Latine Salvia Sylveflris : and in
Englifh, Wild Sage.

II. The Kinds. We (hall Treat but of three
Species in this Chapter, viz. 1. Salvia agrejtis ,
Salvia Sylveflris , Salvia Montana Gcfneri , Salvia
Bofci Loniceri , Tabernamontdni & Tragi ; Scordonia ,
ho Scorodonia Cordi , Gerardi 0 Thalij , Melinum al-
terum Cejalpini , Scordium alierum qttibufdam ; Am-
brofiaquibufdam-,VfooASage, Wild Sage or Garlick
Sage. 2. Salvia lutea latifoha ; Salvia frutuofa lutea
latifolia , Yellow wild Sage with Broad Leaves,
called by fome alfo French Sage. Anguilara , tailor
Dur antes, Clujius , and others do call ir, Verbafcum
Sylveftre , and Verbafcum quartum Mattbioli, ma-
king it a Species of the Mulleins ; but it is
certain, it is not a kin to them ; for tho rhe Leaves
are Wooley like Mullein , yet their form and ftupe,
with the Flowers and other Circumftances fhew
it to be a kind of Sage, and fo it is called in
England , Flanders, France, and Italy , viz. Wild
Sage, 3. Salvia fruticofa angujlifo/ia, Fh/omis ;
Lychnitis Diqfcoridis C/ufw. The greater Wild
Sage.

The

n \ .

Lib. ),

III. The Firft, or Wood Sige, Wild Sage, or
Garlick Sage. Its Root is long and Stringy, tnith
many Fibres adjoining , abiding many years. It
riles up with Square Hoary Stalks , two feet
high at leaft , having two Leaves Jet at every
Joint therein , which are fomething like unto Sage
Leaves , but j mailer, f of ter , whiter , and rounder ,
a 7/7//V dented about the edges , and f melding fome-
inhat flrongly . yl/ //;<? /o/v, 0/ //?<? Stallcs and
Branches grow flowers on a /lender long fpike ,
turning them f elves. all one %Toay when they blow ,
md are of a Pale or Whitijh Color , J mailer than
Sage , but hooded , and gaping like to them. The
Seed is blackijh and round t four ufually Jet toge-
ther in a husk.

IV. Gerard deferibes it thus. Its Root , is full
of Strings, from whence fpring up.Stalks 4 fquare,
fomewhat hairy, upon which are fet Leaves like
thofe cf Sage , but Shorter, broader , and J of ter.
The flowers grow up all upon{ one fide of the Stalk ,
open and forked like thofe of Dead Kettle , but
lejjer, cf a Pale White Color: after which comes
the Seed , four together in one husk. It is a
plant which lives but a year , and fmells of Gar-
lick when it is bruifed , being thought to be a kind
of Car lick Germander , as it its Garlick fmell
teftifles.

V. The Second, or Yellow Wild Sage with Broad
Leaves, called by fame Frqpch Sage. Its Root is
Woody with divers Strings and Fibres adjoining
to it. It has fever al fquare Woody hoary Stalks ,
on which grow at feveral fpaces , rugged, hoary

Sage Wild Fellow Broad heav'd.

Sage Wood or Garlick.

broad , and almoft round pointed leaves , many fet
together , very like unto the great Sage, but larger.
The Flowers* grow like wife, in Rundles or Spaces
towards the Tops of the Stalks , very like alfo unto
the Flower of Sage , or Archangel , but of a Tellow
color. The Seed is greater than of any Sage , fome-
what brownifh , and round like the next or third
kind following. The whole Plant fmells fomewhat
flrong and heady.

VI. Gerard deferibes this fecond kind thus. Its
Root is thick, tough and of a Woody fubftance, as
is all the reft of the Plant. It grozvs up like a
fmall Woody Shrub , having many Woody Branches ,
of a Woolly and Hoary color , Jo ft and downy : On
which are placed thick hoary Leaves , of a flrong
Pontick Savor , in fhape like to the Leaves of
Sage , whereupon the Vulgar People call it French
Sage. Towards the Tops of the Branches are pla-
ced Roundles or Coronets of Fellow gaping Flowers ,
like thofe of Dead Nettle , but much greater.

VII. The third or greac Yellow Wild Sage with
narrow Leaves. Its Root is blackifh and Woody.
This Species has very many hoary and woolly Leaves ,
the lowerfides efpecially , more than the upper ;
longer and narrower alfo , than thofe of the fmall
Sage j from among which rife up fquare hoary and
hairy Stalks , about a loot high , on which do grow
fuch like long hoary Leaves as grow below , two al-
ways fet together , at the Joints , one againft ano-
ther ■, where the Flowers grow at fpaces , about the
Tops of the Stalks , with two Leaves under them ,
broad at the bottom , and encompajjing the Stalks ,
being fhorter than the reft. The Flowers are large ,
open and gaping , like unto Sage , or fomewhat more
like to thofe of the Dead Nettle or Archangel , of
a Tellow color , and coming forth out of hoary ,
woolly Husks , covered with pale colored Hairs tki
Tops by reafon of their length and weaknefs , bend-

ing

Chap. 615. ‘Englijh Herb j

iooj

ing a Utile downwards, after which come brownijh
Seed inclojed in Woolly Husks .

VIII. The Places. The firft grows in many wet
Grounds and by Water fides in many places of
England. Diofcorides fays, it grows as well on
Hills, as by Water fides, and it will thrive well
if it be Tranfplanted into Gardens. Camerarius
lays, that it is found to be Itronger and (harper
which grows on high Grounds, than that which
grows on the lower. Gerard fays, it grows on
Heaths and barren places, and is found alfo in
Woods, and near unto Hedge rows, about the bor-
ders of Fields. It delights in fomewhat a lean
Soil, and yet not altogether barren and dry. The fe-
condand third grow plentifully throughout Portugal
and Spain, and in fome parts of France , on dry banks
and Itoney places : but with us they grow only in
Gardens. All thefe forts will grow by Slips taken
from them, and Planted in March or April.

IX. The Times. They all Flower in. June and
July, and fometimes in Auguft-, but much about
the Times when the Common Sage Flowers, and
the Seed is ripe in fome fmall time afterwards.

X. The Qualities. They are all of them hot
and dry in the fecond degree, Cephalick, Neuro-
tick, Stomatick, Cardiack, Hepatick, Hyfterick,
and Arthritick •, Aperitive, Subaftringent, Alexi-
pharmick and Analeptick.

XI. The Specification. The firft is good a-
gainft Ruptures, Contufion, Wounds, Strangury
and the French Pox. The two laft are good againft
Burnings and Scaldings.

XII. The Preparations. From the Scorodonia
or Wood Sage, you may have 1. A Juice.
2. An EJJence. 3. A DecoHion. 4. A Pouder .
5. A Difiilled Water. 6. A Spirituous TinHure.
7. An Acid TinHure. 8. An Oily TinHure.

The Virtues .

XIII. Tlje Juice. It is good agaiaft Ruptures
or Burftennefs, Contufions, and Wounds. It is
good alfo for moift Ulcers and Sores in the Legs
or other parts, to cleanfe and dry them, and caufe
them fpeediiy to heal.

XIV. The EJJence. It has all the former Vir-
tues j befides which being ufed daily mixt with a
proper Vehicle, or otherwife Dietetically it has
been found fuccefsful in curing the French Pox ,
being mixt with a Decoction of Guajacum : and
being taken for 20 or thirty days together, it cau-
fes Sweat, drys up Ulcers, digefts Humors and
difeufles Tumors or Swellings. It is an incompa-
rable thing againft the Scurvy in a cold habit of
Body, as alfo againft the Plague and all Malign
and Peftilential Difeafes, bitings of Mad Dogs,
Serpents, and other Venomous Creatures. It opens
ObftruUions of the Liver, Spleen, Reins and
Womb, repreffes Hypochondriack Melancholly ,
provokes Urine, gives eafe in the Strangury, pro-
vokes the Terms, and facilitates the Birth. Dofe
3 or 4 fpoonfuls in a Glafs of Wine, or other
proper Vehicle.

XV. The DecoHion. Made whether in Water
or Wine, (but the latter is more effe&ual) it has
all the Virtues of the Juice and Eflence, but muft
be given in much a greater quantity, as to half a
Pint two or three times a Day. Gerard fays it
is given to fuch as have had a Fall, and are in-
wardly bruifed, and alfo provokes Urine. And
that this DecoUion is given to drink with good
fuccels to fuch as are infected with the French
Pox , for that it caufes Sweat, drys up Ulcers,

caiifes Digeition, and confumes Tumors or Nodes
in the riefh, being taken for thirty or forty Days
together, or put into the DecoUion of Guajacum
with the other Ingredients. Parkmfon fays it pro-
vokes Unne if it is fiopt, as alio Womens Cour-
ies. I he Decoction is to be made rather of the
Green Herb, than of the Dryed, and in Wine ra-
ther than in Water, for fuch as are bruifed hv
ral s, or Blows, or where fome inward VefTel is
broken ; becaufe it difnerfes and expels the con-
g and oonfolidates the Vein.

XVI .The Pouder of the Herb. It has all the
former \ times, but not fo efeaual as the Juice
°f, nince’ , S, Put upon running Sores and
old Ulcers m the Leggs or other parts, it cleanfes,
drys and heals them, caufing them to come to a’
fpeedy Cure. And it is no lefs effe&ual in curing
of Green Wounds, becaufe it flops the Blood and
caules them to confolidate prefently.

Difiilled Water. It has the Virtues
of the Decoction but lefs powerful, and may be
ufed as a Vehicle, to convey the Eflence, or Tin£b-
ures following in. If 3- grains of white Vitriol
be dd olved in it, it becomes a good Ophthalmick
tot Weak, Sore and running Eyes.

XVIII. T he Spirituous Tincture. It is Cordial
and Antifcorbutick, good againft the Colick, and
Gripings of the Guts : It expels Wind , is good
againft Fainting and Swooning Fits, and is profi-
table for fuch to take who ate troubled with the
Pallie, Rheumatifms, and fteknefs at Stomach.

XIX. The Acid TinHure. It prevails againft
the Scurvy in a hot conftiturion of Body, profli-
gates the Plague and alL Malign and Peftilential
Difeafes, and is of great power againft the bitings
of Mad Dogs, Serpents and other Venomous Crea-
tures, by obliterating their Volatile Poifons, &c.

It te£ltifies the diferafy of the Blood and Lympha
and reftores the Tone of the Stomach, ffc Dofe
fo many Drops at a time, as may give the Wine
or other Vehicle a grateful Acidity.

XX. The Oil TinHure. It opens the ObftruSi-
ons of the Reins and Womb, provokes Urine gives
eafe in the Strangury, ^Stone and Gravel, removes
Tartatous Mucilage from the Urinary parts, and
provokes the Terms in Women ; it haftens and
facilitates the Birth, and brings away the Aftet-
Birth, as alfo the Dead Child if any be. It is of
Angular ufe alfo againft Pains, Aches, Numbed-
nefs and other weakneffes of the Nerves, Limbs
and Joints, gives eafe in the Gout from a cold
Caufe, and is of extraordinary ufe in the Cure of
the Palfie, being anointed Morning and Evening
upon the Back Bone, as alfo upon the parts at-
feUed. Dofe (in any proper Vehicle) from i ; to
50 or 40 Drops Morning and Night.

XXI. Nota. The two latter Plants called Wild

yellow Sage with both broad and Harrow Leaves
have all the Virtues of Our Common Sage, declared’
in the former Chapter, fo that we need not fay
much of them in this place : but befides ail that
is faid there, Diofcorides fays that a Cataplafm
made of uhe Green Leaves by beating them in a
MortarS, and applyed to burnings and fealdings
Cures them. ’

i M

chap

/?7o

1002 Salmons Herbal. Lib. L

CHAP. DCXVI.

Of SAMPIRE,

0 R,

SEA-FENNEL.

1. rT'HE Karnes. It is called in Greek Kattur, i

I 6s Galeni : in La tine, Critb-

mum, Fceniculum marinum : in Englifh, Sampire.
Some will not have this to be Critbmum Diofco-
ridis , for that he faith that his has Whiter and
Broader Leaves than Purflane , whereas this has
fmall, long, and narrow Leaves *, and that the
Cntbmum of Diofcorides is rather Portulaca ma-
rina -, and that this our Sampire ought rather
to be called Fceniculum Marinum , for as much
as not only the form of the Leaf-, but the Um-
bles and Heads of Flowers, and the whole face
thereof does affimilate a Fennel-like form. Pe-
trus Crefentius calls it Cretbmum Cf Rincum
Marinum.

II. The Kinds. There are five kinds of Sam-
pire, viz. Critbmum marinum vulgatius , Grith-
mum five Fceniculum marinum minus Bauhini -,
Baticulce alter urn genus ex Sicilia Cefalpini -, and
is thought to be that which Pliny calls Bat is,
as Gejner in hortis does , who alfo calls it
Critbmum marinum . The Italians call it Herba
de San Petro , and fome from thence Sampetro. ,
whence comes our Englifh word Sampire. This
firft kind is doubtlefs Our Common Rock Sampire.

2. Critbmum marinum majus , Critbmum five
Fceniculum marinum majus Bauhini , The greater
Rock Sampire. 3. Critbmum marinum, Critbmum
tertium Mattbioli , Marfh or Sea Sampire of
Matthiolus. 4. Critbmum maritimum fpinofum,
Dodontei , Paftinaca Marina Lobelij , Lug dune nfis,
aliorumque -, Anguilara took it to be Seracul,
and Camerarius calls it Cacbry marinum and
Baubinus thinks it is the T ribulus maximus quo*
rundam of Dalechampius -, Thorny Sampire, or
Sea Parfnip. 5. Critbmum Chryfantbemum Dodo-
ncei -, Cryfanthemum littoreum Lobelij -, Anthyllis
prima Dio/cor idis Cxfalpino -, Anthylln major Cordi ,
Critbmum maritimum flore Aft e ns Attici Bauhini,

After at tic us maximus of fome others, Golden
flowered Sampire.

The Descriptions.

III. The Firft, Or our common Rock Sampire,
has a Root which is Great , White, and Long,
of a hot fpicy tafte, enduring long, and continuing
trig man y years. It grows up with a Tender green
Stalk, about half a yard, or two feet high at mo ft-,
branching forth almoft from the bottom, and ftored
with feveral T\)ick, fomewhat long, and almoft
round Leaves, of a deep green color-, fometimes
two and fometimes three together, and fometimes
four or five or more on a Stalk, which are fiefby
or fappy, and of a pie a f ant hot or fpicy tafte.
At the tops of the Stalk and Branches come
forth Umbles of White Flowers, and after them
come large Seeds bigger than Fennel, and fome-
what like to that Seed.

IV. The Second , Or Greater Rock Sampire.
This plant in its Root, Stalk, Branching forth ,

Sampire Rock Commom..

Leaves, Flowers, Seed, and form and manne r of
Growing, differs little from the former, and indeed
in nothing but its Largenefs, and that it is not of
fo good a Re l lifh, or of fo fpicy a Tafte as the fit'll
is, but fmelling fomewhat ftrongly, almoft like
Smallage, and having a more biltcnft) Tafte.

V. The third, or Marfh or Sea Sampire ofMat-
thiolus. Its Root is long, round, fmooth , with
feveral Strings adjoining to it. The Plant is of a

Sampire Marjb.

Shrubby

Chap. 6 1 6. ‘Englijh Herbs, i oo

6br iibky or Woody kind of fubjlance , having many I
Stalks rifing up from one Root, which are freight j
or upnght , a little cnclining towards their Tops , I
«// are replenijhed with many Leaves Jet
round about them , by /paces or distances as it were
.Joints, many Leaves rifing together from one Stock
or Footfinlk which are a little long , and thick of
Jubfance , having a fait if) Tafe. Underneath the
fpringings forth of thefe Leaves , come forth other
fugle Leaves of nearly twice the length of the o-
ther. The blowers grow at the Tops of the Stalks ,
and are round , and hairy or downy , and of a pale
whit if) red Color.

VJ. The fourth, or Thorny Sampire, or Sea
rarfnep. Its Root is long and white , fomewhat
like unto a Rarfnep, but more divided into parts.

Thorny Sampire.

and is of a good relifh , fomewhat ref entiling that
afo of a Rarfnep. This is very like the two firft
kinds of Sampire , but it grows greater and higher ,
with Jhorter and narrower Leaves, much more divi-
ded, and fharp and pricking at the ends. The
Stalks are more fappy, and of a frefher green color,
breaking into 3 or 4 Branches, towards the Tops,
where * grow large Umbles of white Flowers, and
afterwards Fennel like Seed in prickly Husks.

VII. The fifth, or Golden Flower’d Sampire.
Its Root is pretty thick, divided into, fever el Branch-
es, having many firings adjoining thereto. It rifes
up with feveral hard round Stalks , very thickly
covered or replenijhed with very narrow , long, and
fomewhat thick Leaves cut in at the ends. At
the Tops of the Stalks fiand fingle Flowers like un-
to After, or Cbryfanthemum , wholly Fellow, both

Sampire Golden F 'lovoerd.

the Border and the Thrum in the middle , in
which lyes the Seed when they are ripe , and
are blown away with the Wind.

VIII. The Places. The firft and fecond grows
upon Rocks and Clifts near the Sea ; The third
Najcitur in littori Maris , locis plants, non els',
vofis: grows not on Rocks and Clifts as the
fortfier two do, but upon the Sea fhore, on plain
Ground. The firft and lecond grow on the
Rocky Clifts at Dover. Wmchelfcy by Rie, a-
hout Southampton, the 1/le of Wight and Pur -
beck, and molt Rocks about the Weft and North
parts of England-, more efpecially on fuch Rocks
as are often moiftned at the leart, if not over-
flown with the Sea Water. The third, fourth
and fifth in other grounds not far from the
lhore -, The fourth or Thorny kind, grows upon
the Sands and Beaches, between Whttftable and
the IJle of Tenet by Sandwich ; and by the Sea
near Weft Cbefter. The Fifth and laft grows
in the Muddy Marlh in the 1/le of Sheppy, going
from Kings-t'erry to Shctland-houfe.

IX. The Times. Rock Sampire is faid to Flower
in May, June and July ; and matt be gathered
to be kept in Pickle in the beginning of Augu/l •
all the others Flower in July, ai*l their Seed
is ripe in Auguft.

X. The Vitalities. Sampire is hot and dry in
the end of the firft degree ; Abfterfive, Aperitive
Digeltive, Diuretick, Stomatick, Splenetick Ne-
phritick, Hylterick, Emmenagogick, Analeptick
and Spermatogenetick.

XI. The Specification. It is ufed to provoke
Urine, give eafein the Strangury, open obftruftion
of the Vrfcera, chiefly of the Spleen and Womb,

d M 2 provoke

rr

IOO^

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. 1.

provoke the Terms, ltrengthen the Stomach and
help Digeftion.

XII. The Preparation!. You may have there-
from, I . A 'juice and EJjence. 2. A LecoUion
,n Wine or Water. 3. A Pickle or Sailer.

The Virtues.

XIII. The Juice or EJjence. They provoke Urine
and the Courles, are helpful againft the Yellow
Jaundice, open dbifrXiOifons of the Stopj^n; Li-
ver. Spleen, Mefen'tery, Reins ahd Womb, and
fo remove thofe difehfes which afflift thole
parts. They are profitable againft the Strangury,
and carry off any Tartarous naueilage, which af-
fiias the Urinal Veffels.’ Dofe 2 or 3 Spoonfuls
in a Glafs of White Port or Lisbon Wise morn-
ing and night.

XIV. T he DccoUion in Wine. The Roots, Stalks,
and Leaves boiled in Wine and Drunk, provokes
Urine, removes the difficulty of making Water,
and is good againft the Jaundice : It has an
excellent property to open, cleanfe and dry: It
helps Digeftion, cleanfes the Urinary parts from
Stones, Gravel, Sand, and Slimy matter, is good
againft Hypochondriacal Melancholy, and has all
the Virtues of the Juice and Effence. Dofe half
a pint morning and night.

XV. The Pickle or Sallet. It is a-Wry pleafant
thing both to the Palate and Stomach, helps
Digeftion, opens obftruUions of the Vifcera, pro-
voking Urine and cleanfing thofe Veffels of all
Heterogeneous matters obftruUing them. It
ftrengthens the Stomach, provokes Appetite ; and
is a molt excellent and familiar Sawce, of ex-
traordinary adyantage and molt agreeable to the
Bodies of Human Kind.

CHAP. DCXVII.

Of S A N I C L E,

O R ,

HEAL-WORT.

I. t~r'HE Names. We do not find that this
X Plant, or any of its Species were ever
known to the Ancient Greeks or Latines , and
therefore no Names can he derived from thofe
Fountains-, but our Modern Authors have called
it in Latine, Sanicula (a potiore fanandi munere)
and by fome Sanicula mas , becaufe thofe make
the Aftrantia nigra Diofcoridis , or the Helleborus
niger SanicuU folio major , to be Sanicula feemina :)
It is the Diapenfii Brunfelfij , Gerardi , Lobelij
& Mattbioli •, Sideritis tertia Diofcoridis Columnd 5
Confolida quinquefolia Taber nmontani Quinque-
folium d>iiar turn Mattbioli , in Englifh Sanicle ,
Healwort , and Self-heal by fome.

II. T be Kinds. Beftdj£-,riie Sanicula major or
Alcbimilla , o$ Great commonly called

Ladies Mantle , of wMich vre have treated al-
ready in Chap. 421 aforegoing-, we have thefe
following Species oj this Plant, viz. 1. Sani-
cula , Sanicula Vulgaris , Diapenfia Gerardi , Our
Common Sanicle. 2. Sanicula Guttata $ Sani-
cula Montana altera Clufij Sanicula Alpina &
Guttata Camerarij aliorumque ^ Sanicula Cario-
phyllata , five , Geum Alginum recentiorum folio
hederaceo Lobelij j Spotted Sanicle and London
Pride. 3. Sanicula. Alpina , Sanicula Cor tufa 1

(from its Author) Mattbioli j Caryopbyllata Ye-
ronenfium fiore Sanicula ? Urfimv Lobelij -, Sanicula
Montana prima Clufij , Bears Ear Sanicle. 4. Sa-
nicula fruticofa Americana , Sanicula five Cor tufa
Americana fruticofa , Shrubby Sanicle of Ame-
rica. To thefe add, 5;. Sanicula Eboracenfis Pin-
guicula Cucullata Gefneri , Sanicula Montana
flore calcari donata , Torkjhire Sanicle, or Butter-
wort, of which we have already difeourfed in
Chap. 102 . aforegoing, and therefore fhall fay
nothing of it in this place, faving, that the Cut
there inferted is error, and belongs to the Jirft
Sanicle in this Chapter.

T he Defcriptions.

III. The Firft, Or our Common Sanicle. Its
Root is compofed of many black Fibres or Strings
as it were fet in a Bunch together , proceeding
from a little long bead, which abides with the
Green Leaves vpon it , all the Winter and pe-
rijh not. From this head of the Root rife up
many great round Leaves , (landing upon long
brownifh Stalks , every one fomewhat deeply cut or
divided into Jive or fix parts , and fome of thofe
cut in alfo , fomewhat like the Leaf of a Crowfoot ,
or fome of the kinds of Dovefoot , and finely dented
about the Edgesjfmoothj and of a dark finning green

Sanicle Common.

color , and fome times reddifh about the brims • from
among which rife tip fmall round green Stalks ,
without any joint or Leaf thereon , faving at the
Top , where it Branches out into Flowers ■, having
a Leaf divided into three or four parts, at that joint
with the Flowers , which are fmall and white , fart-
ing out of fmall round greenifh yellow Heads , ma-
ny flanding together in a Tuft , in which after-
wards the Seeds are contained , which are fmall \
round \ rough Burrs , fomething like unto the Seeds

Chap. 617.

°j Clevers, and Stick in the fame manner up -
0 n .Cloaths or other things which they touch.

IV. The Second, or Spotted Sanicle, or London
Pride. Its Root is Scaly or covered with a Chaffie
matter , having many J, 'mall white fibres under-
neath, by which it is faftned in the Ground. It
has many J. 'mall round Leaves bluntly indented
about the edges , J'omething like unto the Leaves of
our White Saxifrage, of a full green color above.

wo5

amLwhitifh hairy, and fomewhat reddifh wilha/l
underneath. The Stalks are fet here and there ,
with the like Leaves, rifing a foot and half high
or more , very much divided at the Top into fe-
vered fmall Branches, bearing very many fmall
white flowers, conftfiing of five fmall Leaves , in
which are many fmall red J 'pots to be fecn , as
fmall almofi as Tins points, or very fmall Tins
heads, of a pretty fweet fmell, almofi like the
fmell of Haw-Thorn flowers in the middle
whereof are many fmall Threads compajfwg a head ,
which when it is ripe, contains fmall black Seed.

V. Of this Second Species there is a Second
Sort, called Sanicula guttata minor, being a fmaller
kind than the former , both in its Leaf and
flower-, the Leaves whereof are fmaller , but
rounder, and more finely Snipt or Indented about
the edges, like the Teeth of a fine Saw -, the
Stalk is but a little above a fpan high, having
many fmall white flowers, fpottei as the firfi, but
with fewer Spots.

VI. There is alfo a Third Sort of this kind,
called Sanicula minor non guttata-. This in its
Root, Stalk , Leaf, flower, form and manner of
growing is like to the firfi fort of this fiotted
kind at Seft. 4 above, as well in its Root , as
its Stalks, Leaf and flower, but the only’ dif-
ference is , that this is lejfer than that firfi
fart, and has no Spots in the' flowers as that has.

VII. The Third , or Bears Ear Sanicle. Its
Root confifis of a Tuft of fmall Whit ijh threads,

Sanicle Bears Ear’d;

lanmZ^T,1* °°V interwmen one among

another. The Leaves which Spring up firfi are
much Crumpled, and as it wee fielded together
which afterwords open themfelves into fair
broad and roundifh Leaves, fomewhat rough or
Hairy, not only cut ,nto five dvifions, but fome-
what Abided or dented alfo about the edges- of
It/hili C>‘oon- -.color on the upperfide, and more
" bluJh e,rcen underneath ; from among thefe
Leaves, rifes up one naked round Stalk find
fometimes..two or more , five or fix Inches' high
bearing at the tops feveral final! flowers, fime-
what fiuieet , like unto the purple Bears ears
hanging down their heads, confifiing of five final'
pointed Leaves apiece , of a dark reddifih pur-
fle color, with a White Circle or Bottom in the
middle, and fome fmall threads therein. After
the flowers are pafi , there come fmall round
heads fomewhat longer than any of the Beats
ears. Banding upright upon their fmall foot, Balks
in which is contained fmall round and Blackijh
Seed. I he Leaves of this plant dye down every
year and firing up anew w the beginning of
the tear following, whereas the Bears Ears hold
their Leaves Green dll the Winter, fiandihg Me
a clofe head, the outermojl only perifhing after
deed time. J

. V!II_,The, Fourth or Shrubby Sanicle of Ame-
rica. This has feveral almofi round Leaves ly-

nP1c ,hJ <fr,°und’ each “P»n “ little long
footfialk, divided at the edges into two parts
dented hkewife about the brims, from among
which rife up hard woody Stalks, near two feet
high, having fuch like Leaves 1 thereon , as grow
below, and branching forth with feveral fmall
white. Starlike flowers ,n a tuft together at the
1 ops.

IX. Gerard defcribes the Bears Ear Sanicle thus.

I be Leaves Jhoot forth inthe beginning of the Spring
very thick and fat, and are like a Purfe or
round Lump at their firfi coming forth-, and what
'/ U Yrcai abroai> ,he UW port thereof is
f ull of Veins or Sinews, and hollow or curled
like the Crumpling of a Cabbage Leaf and are
not only indented about the edges, but each Leaf
is divided into fix or more fags or Cuts, deeply hackt -
greemfh above, and of an overworn green colour
underneath-, and hot in Tafie. from the middle
whereof Jhoots forth a bare or naked Stalk fix
Inches long , fomewhat purple in color, bearing at
the Top, a Tuft of Jmall hollow flowers looking
or hanging downwards, like little Bells, not un-
like in form to the common Cow/1, ps, but of a
fine deep red color tending to Fur pie bavin »
in the middle a certain Circle of White, and at
Jo certain point els or firings, which turn into '
an head, in which is contained the Seed. The
whole Plant is covered as it were with a rough
Woolltnefs. The root ,s fibrous and Theady.

X. The Places. The firft or Common Sanicle
grows in ftady Woods and Copfes almolt every
where, and delights in- a fat fruitful and moift
Soil. The fecond grows in fhady Woods on the
Alps in feveral places; but with us in Gardens
in many places, where they Thrive very well but
delight more in the lhade then the Snn. The third
grows alfo in many (hady IVoods both in Italy
and Germany , Anfina and Stiria ; but with us
in Gardens. The fourth was brought to us from
theiback parts of Virginia called Canada.

XL The Times. The Firft Flowers in May and
June , and the Seed is ripe in July or Augitli.

The Leaves of the Herb are green all the year
and are not hurt with the cold of Winter.

The

♦

ioo 6 Salmon’ j Herbal. Lib. i.

The Second Sons Flower in May and continue
Flowering until June , and the Seed ripens foon
after, the Roots abide all the Winter, with
fome Leaves on them, fpringing afrefh in the
beginning of the year. The Third Flowers in
April and May, and fometimes in June , and
the Seed ripens in the mean feafon. The.Fourth
Flowers in July, and its Seed is ripe in Ait-

'e xil. The Qualities. Sauicle is hot and dry
in the fecond degree, Abftetlive, Aftringent, Trau-
matick or Vulnerary, and Hyfterick.

XIII. T he Specification. It is a fpeedy heal-
er of all forts of Green Wounds, Cleanfes
Apoftems or foul Ulcers, helps Tumors in the
Body, repreffes humors and difcuffes them. It
is good againft Spitting Blood, and the Bloody
Flux, Ulcers of the Reins or Bladder -, and
flops the overflowing of the Terms in Women.

XIV. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, I. A Liquid Juice. 2. An EJfence. 3. A
Decotfion in Wine or Water. 4. A Ponder of
the Leaves and Root. y. A CatapUfm. of the
fame.

The Virtues.

XV. The Juice. It is exceeding good for the
fpeedy healing of all forts of Green Wounds,
or any Apoftem, Ulcer, or Bleeding inwardly ;
It cleanfes the Sore or Ulcer, and induces the
healing by its affringency, being inwardly taken
and outwardly applyed, for it repreffes a Fluxion
of Humors to the part, and difeufes the Tumor
thereof.

XVI. T he EJfence. It has all the former
Virtues exalted ; befides which it heals any
Wound or Ulcer of the Lungs, or other Vifcera,
cures the Flux and Bloody Flux, as alfo Spitting,
Vomiting and Pifling of Blood, Ulcers in the
Reins and Bladder ; gives eafe in the Belly-ach,
and flops the overflowing of the Terms in Wo-
men; and is profitable tor fuch as ate troubled
with any Rupture or Burllennefs.

XVIL The Decofhon in Wine or Water. It
has all the Virtues of the Juice and EJfence but
much weaker, and therefore mult he given in
a larger proportion , as from a quarter of a
pint to half a pint. It gives prefent help when
the difeafe falls upon the Lungs or Throat, and
cleanfes and heals all manner of putrid, flank-
ing and Malign Ulcers of the Mouth, Throat,
and private parts, by gargling and walhing with
a DecoEtion made of the Leaves and Roots, in
Water or Wine, and Sweetned with a little
Honey. It is profitable alfo againtt a Virulent
Gonorrhoea or running of the Reins, being drank
Morning Noon and Night after due cleanfing.

XVI11. The Pouder of the Leaves and Root.
It has the Virtues of th'e Juice and Effence,
and being (hewed upon old putrid Sores and
Ulcers, it cleanfes, drys and heals them.

XIX. The Catnplafm of the fame. It diffolves
and difcuffes cold Tumors 01 Swellings, is Anodyn,
and gives eafe in a recent Gout.

XX. Kota. In (hort , Sanicle is as effeftual
in binding, refttaining, heating, drying, confoli-
dating and healing, as Bugle, Comffey, Self-heal,
or any other of the Confounds or Vulnerary
Herbs whatfoever, and is ufed in Vulnerary Diets
and Wound Drinks, lor the healing of all inward
and outward Wounds and Ulcers.

CHAP DCXVIII

Of SATTIN FLOWER,

0 R,

HONESTY. »

1. 'T 'HE Names. It was unknown to the An-

J. cient Greeks and Latines-. But modern
Authors have call’d it Bolbonac , and Bolbonach
alfo Lunaria Graca, Lunaria major , Lunaria ode -
rata ; Viola Lunaria , Viola latifolia , Viola pere-
grina , in Engliih we call it Satin flower , alfo Ho-
nefty , Money flower and Penny flower.

II. The Kinds. Some Authors think it to he a
kind of Thlafpi or Treacle Mutiard, Thlafpi Cra-
tervn ; for Diofcorides fays that Cr invent makes
mention of a certain Thlafpi , with broad Leaves,
and large Roots, fuch as this Plant has; but it is
generally taken for Lunaria major , or the greater
Moon Wort. 1. Viola Lunaria Vulgaris, Bolbonac ,
Our Common white Sattine Flower, or Honefty.

2. Viola Lunar is alt era, feu peregrina, Long living,
or long Codded Sattine Flower. To thefe we
may add, 3. Hedyfarum clypeatttm , Securidaca,
Onobrickis altera Dodor.jr:, The Red Sattine Flow-
er, which fome fooliihly call the Red or French
Hony- Suckle.

T he Defcriptiotts.

III. The firfl, or our common white Sattine
Flower or Honefty. ftr Root is fomelhtng round.

Sattin Flower ; or Honefty.

Chap. 6 1 8. Englijh Herts.

007

long, and thick, refembling the Roots of Lilium
non bulbarum, or Day Lilly -, It perifhes after Seed
tune, but Is eaten, as divers other Roots are, for
Sallets , both in England and many other Countries
befides. The Leaves are broad below, and pointed
at the end, fnipt about the Edges, and of a dark
green color. The Stalks are round and hard, two
beet high, or higher, divided into many Branches ,
Jet with the like Leaves, but fmalier, the Tops of
the Branches are befet with many purplifh blowers,
like unto Dames Violets or Stock Gilifiowers, but
larger, having no great Smell. After the blow-
ers are pajl, there come in their places, round, flat,
thin Cods, of a dark color on the outfide, but ha-
ving a thin middle Skin, which is white and clear.
Shining like unto pure white Sattine it felf, where-
on lye flat and round brownifh Seed, fomewhat thick
and great.

IV. Gerard thus defcribes it. Its Root is com-
p3ff of many Tuberous parts, like Key Clogs, or
like the great Alphodel. It has hard and round
Stalks, dividing themfehes into many other fmall
Branches, befet with Leaves like to thofe of Dames
Violets, or Queens Giliflowers , fomewhat broad and
fnipt about the Edges , and in fafhion almoji like
Sawce alone or Jack by the Hedg , but that they are
longer, and fharper pointed. The Stalks are
charged or loaden with many blowers, like the com-
mon Stock Gilhflowerofapurple color : which being
fallen, the Seed comes forth, contained in a flat
thin Cod, with a jharp point or prickle at one end,
in fafhion of the Moon, but fomewhat blackifh.

T his Cod is compofed oj three films or Skins, of
which the two out mo ft, are of an over wornAJh co-
lor, and the innertnofb in the middle , on which the
Seed does hang or cleave , is thin, and clear, fhi-
ning like a piece of white Sattin. The whole Riant
dies the fame Tear that it has born Seed, and mufl
be f own yearly.

V. The fecond, or long living, or long Codded
Sattin Flower. Its Root is compofed of many long
firings, which die not as the former, but abide all
Winter, and f hoot out new Stalks every Spring .
This has broader and longer Leaves than the for-
mer, the Stalks alfo arc greener and higher. Branch-
ing out into blowers , of a pale purpfp color, al-
moji white , confifling of four Leaves in like man-
ner, and f melling pretty fweet, bearing fuel: like
Rods, but longer and flendcrer than they

VI. Gerard thus defcribes this fecond Species.

Its Root is Thick, whereunto are faflned an infi-
nite number of long thready firings , which Root
dies not every Tear as the other does, but multi-
ply s it felf as well by falling of the Seed, as by
new fhoots of the Root. It has many great and
broad Leaves , almofi like thofe of the Great Bur-
Dock. brom among which rifes up a very tall Stem
cr Stalk about four Cubits high, ft iff, and of a whi-
tifh green color, fet with like Leaves but fmalier.
The blowers grow upon the fender Branches of a
purple color , compact of four fmall Leaves, like
thofe of the Stock Gilliflower. After which come
thin long Cods of the fame fubfiance and color with
the former.

VII. The third, or Red Sattin Flower, which
fome follifhly call the Red or French Hony’Suckle.

Its "Root perifhes the fame Tear it bears Seed, for
often times it blowers not the firft Tear it is Sown.
This Red Sattin blower ( which fome call a Red
b lower'd bitch ling) has many Stalks of Winged fair
green Leaves, many of them fet on both /ides of a
middle Rib, whereof that at the End is the largefi
of them all. brom the joints where the Leaves
fiand, come forth pretty long fmall Stalks, bearing
on them very many blowers, up to the Top, one a-

bove another, of an excellent fhining red or Crirn
fon Color, very like to Sattin of that Color, ,nl
fometimes of a white or whitifh Color, which are
fomewhat large , and almofi clofed together, almofi
fiat, and not open, not much unlike the Medicals.
After the blowers are pafi, nought flat , round
husks come forth, fome thing like unto the old fafin-
oned Bucklers, without Pikes, three or four fiand-
ing upon one another, in which are contained fmall
brownifh Seed.

VIII. The Places. The firft is frequent in Our
Gardens, and is found Wild in fome places of
England as Gerard fays, viz. in the Woods about
Pinner and Harrow on the Hill, and in Efjex like-
wife about Horn Church. The fecond is not fo
common in Gardens, but grows about Watford
fifteen Miles from London. The third is generally
Sown in Gardens for an Ornament to the lame.

IX. The Times. The two firft flower in April
or May and fometimes more Early : Gerard fays
they flower in April the next Year after they are
Sown. The third flowers in June and July, and
its Seed is ripe foon after.

X. The Qualities. The Seeds of the firft and
fecond are hot and dry in the end of of the fecond,
or beginning of the third degree, of a fharp and
biting Tafte, as are alfo the Roots : and are faid to
have the Qualities and Nature of Treacle Muft-

ard, being eaten in Sallets, as other like things

are.

XI. The Specification. White Sattin Flower is
faid to Cure the Falling Sicknefs and heal green
Wounds.

XII. The Preparations. You have 1. A Sallcf
of the Root. 2. A Pouder of the Seed. 3. An
Ointment of the Leaves.

The Virtues.

XIII. The" Sal let of the Roots. It is made of
the young Roots before they run up to Flower,
and is eaten as Rampions with Oil and Vinegar.

XIV. The Pouder of the Seed. It is given to a
Dram or more at a time, mixed with Honey, or
fome other convenient Vehicle, Morning and Even-
ing, for the Cure of the Epilepfy or Falling Sick-
nefs.

XV. The Ointment of the Leaves. It is made
of the Leaves of our common white Sattin Flower,
and Leaves of Sanicle, of each a like quantity
ftamped together, which is boiled in Oil Olive to
Crifpnefs, then (trained out and repeated 3 times ^
and afterwards a fufficient quantity of Wax is to
be added to bring it to the confiftency of an
Ointment. It is a Angular thing for the Curing of
Green Wounds.

CHAP DCXIX.

Of S A T Y R I O N.

L nTHE Names. It is called in Greek 2*7^,
X ^.djveioy reim*™ •* i n Latin,' Satyr ium - and in
Englilh, Satyrion, it having yet obtained no other
Name.

II. The Kinds . Gefner firft, and after him Co-
rner anus, Clufius, Lobell, Par kin fon, Gerard, and
many others refer this Plant the Satyrion Diofco -
ridis, to the Tulip a or Tulip, (of which we (hall

hers-

ioo8 Salmon s Herbal Lib. 1.

hereafter particularly fpeak) and this Opinion is
■very probable lor feveral reafons. i . For that the
Tulip grows in many places of Greece and the
Idler 4 fin., which could not but be known both
to Theophrafius and Diofcorides , and was account-
ed among the Bulbous Roots , although by feveral
Names. 2. As Diofcorides lays ol his Satyrion,
fo this irioft commonly bears three leaves upon
a Stalk (altho’ fometimes it has with us four
or rive like unto a Li/lyl of which fome are
often feen to be both in \e firft fpringing up,
Red ; and alfo in the decajufig, efpecially in a
dry time, and in a dry ground. 3. The Flower
likewil'e of fome is White, and fomething like
a Lilly. 4- The Root is round, and as white
within as the white of an Ej*g, covered with
a Brown Coar, having a l'weetilh, but not un-
pleafant Tafte. 5. From fome Experiments which

Satyrion Trip billon verm.

have been made of its 1 Root, it appears to have
the fame Virtues with the True Satyrion , which
the Tulip is fuppofed by our Modern Authors
to have. This Delcription here given does fo
lively fet forth this Plant, that we need not a-
ny longer to be in doubt, but that our Tulip
is the true Satyrion Triphyllum Diofeoriiis : and
that our red Flower’d Tulip may very well a-
gree with his EalvW efvSelvio r> or Satyrium Ery-
sbronium for that the Defcriptions in Diofcorides,
Lib. 5. Cap. 14; and 144. are both alike as to
their Qualities. The greateft Objection which is
made againlt this Opinion is from the deferip-
tion of the Seed : for the Seed of the Tulip
is very like unto the Seed of Lilly’s , as may
eafily be leen by comparing them, as being flat,
hard, and flimy : Whereas Diofcorides fays, the
Seed of his Satyrion is like to F lax or Line-
Seed : it is true as to the hard and fhining pro-
perties, tho’ not to its form, magnitude, and
color, they being mote like to that of the Lilly.
But it is not impoffible but that there may he
a miltake in the Orthography or true writing of
the Name in the Greek Text, putting /Wwiffi*
for KfuevirsfrcB a fault very fubjeQ to fuch as Cop-
py other Mens Writings, and know nothing of
the teafon of the matter.

ill. Then as to the Species of Tulips ; tho’
the whole Progeny of them may be accounted
as fo many Kinds of Satyrion, yet Modern Au- J

thors give the Title of Satyrion chiefly to thefe
following, viz. r. Satyrion Bolonienfe, Tulipa Bo-
lonienfis. The greater Red Satyrion, or Bolonian
Tulip. 2. Satyrium Bolonienfe flore luteo. Jive
Tulipa Bolonienjis flora Luteo. The Yellow Bolo
Ionian Satyrion or Tulip. 3. Satyrium Pumilum ,
Tuhpa Pumila lutea. The Dwarf Yellow Satyrion,
or Tulip. 4. Satyrium Italicum , five Tulipa Ita-
licum major Lj minor. The Italian Satyrion or
Tulip, greater and teller. ;. Satyrium Pumilum ,
Tuhpa Lufitanica , five Pumi/io verficolor , The
Dwarf fttrip’d Satyrion or Tulip. 6. Satyrion, five
Tulipa pumila alba , The White Dwarf Satyrion
or Tulip. 7. Satyrium minut five Tulipa Bico/or,
The fmall partly colored Satyrion or Tulip.
8. Satyrium , five Tulipa de Cafja, The Satyrion
or Tulip of CafFa. 9. Satyrium Piimilum rubra,
five Tulipa Bergomenfis rubra media Of minor.
The Red Dwarf Satyrion, or Bergomo Tulip,
greater and leffer. 10. Satyrium Byzantinum ,
feu Tulipa Byzantina duobus fioribus Clufij.
The fmall Satyrion of Conftantinople, ot fmall
Turky Tulip. 11. Satyrium Perficum , Tulipa
Perfica, The Perfian Satyrion or Tulip. 12.
Satyrium Creticum, Tulipa Cretica, Satyrion or
Tulip of Candia. 13. Satyrion Armenicum, Tu-
lipa Armenica, The Satyrion or Tulip of Ar-
menia.

The Defcriptions :

IV. The Firft, or Greater red Satyrion or Bo-
lonian Tulip. Its Root is plainly difeerned to
differ from all others , for that it is longer, and
has not fo plain an Eminence at the bottom there-
of, as fome of the earlier and later Tulips have,

Satyrion Bolonienfe, or Tulip
Bolonian.

but

Chap, 6 1 9. Enghjh Herbs. i do o

but more ef penally becaufe the top is plentifully ' ft or ed.
with a yellowifh Silk- like Woolinefs , the out file like -
wife, or Skin of it, is of a brighter or paler Red, not
fo cafi/y to be peeled away , and runs under ground
both downright and tideways ( efpecially in Country
Ground and Air, where it encreafes abundantly ,
though not fo in our London Air and forCt grounds. )
Jt is fomething like to the yellow Bolonian Tulip
next following. It fhoots out of the Ground, with
broad and long Leaves, like the Caffa Satyrion or
Tulip, at S eft 1 1 .following, but neither fo broad
nor of fo White or Mealy a Green color as it,
but more dark than the late flowering Tulips fo
that this may eafily be difcerned by its leaf from
any other Tulip above ground, by fuel), as are skil-
ful in them. It bears like wife 3 or* 4 Leaves up-
on the St a/k like the Caffa Satyrion \ and a Flower
alfo at the Top, of the fame Faflnfn, but that the
Leaves hereof are always long, and fomewhat nar-
row, having a large black bottom, made like unto
a Chevern, the point of which rifes up unto the
middle of the Leaf \ higher than in any other Tulip.
The Flower is of a pale red color, nothing fo live-
ly as in the early or late Red Tulips, yet Jweeter
for the moft part than any of them, and near eft
unto the yellow Bolonian L'uiip next following ,
which is much of the fame fuel/.

V. The Second, or Yellow Bolonian Satyrion
or Tulip. The Root of this may be known from
the former, (or any other Tulip) in that it fel-
dom grows to fuel ) a large nefs, and is not fo
Wooly at the top-, and the skin or out fide is fome-
what paler, harder, and Ibarper pointed, but the
bottom is like the former Red, and not fo emi-
nent as the early or late Tulips. This has much
longer and narrower leaves than any (except the

Satyrion Dwarf,

0 R>

Tulip Dwarf.

Pcrfian and Dwarf yellow Satyrion or Tulips fot.
/omngtn Sell. 6. and 14.; and of a Whitijh green
color. It bears fometimes but one Flower, on a Stalk,
and fometimes two or three yellow , but j waller and
more open than the other kinds, and as is faid,fmells
fweet. The head jor Seed is fmaller than in the
others, and has not that Crown at the head thereof
yet the Seed is like but fmaller.

_ VI. Tile Third or Dwarf Yellow Satyrion, or
Tulip, This is very like unto the loft, as well in
its Root, as in its Leaf and Flower, as alfo in
the color thereof, being yellow. The only differ-
ence is, that it is in all things leffer and lower,
and is not fo apt to bear , nor fo eafily nor plenti-
fully to be cncreafed by the Root.

VII. The Fourth, or Italian Satyrion or Tulip,
greater and teller. Both thefe kinds , do fo near
refemble the left kind, that we might almofi Jay
they were the fame, but , that fome difference
which is feen m them , makes them to be treated
of apart , and it confifls in thefe particulars. The
Stalks of neither -of thefe rife up Jo high a, of
the firft yellow bolonian Tulip. The Leaves of
both thefe forts are writhed, in and out at the
edges, or made like to a wave of the Sea, lying
nearer the ground ; and the Flower bang yellow
within, is brownijh or reddijh on the back, in the
middle of the three outward Leaves, the edges ap-
earing yellow. Both thefe forts do differ one from
another in nothing, but in that one is bigger and
the other fmaller. Sec.

VIII. The Fifth, or Dwarf Strip’d Satyrion or
Tulip. T bis is alfo of the fame Kindred with the
three-loft deferibed ; nor is there any other differ-
ence from them, than that the Flowers in this has
fome red Veins running in the Leaves 1 hereof.

IX. The Sixth, or White Dwarf Satyrion or
Tulip. The Stalk of this is longer than of other
Dwarfs ; its Leaves are narrower than thofe of the
White Tulips ; its Flower is alfo larger , and of a
White Color.

X. The Seventh, or fmall party colored Satyri-
on or Tulip. This is one of the former Species,
and was brought to us out of Italy. Its
Leavestare fmall, long and narrow, of a dark green
color, fomething /ike unto the Leaves of an Hya-
cinth. The Flower alfo is fmall conjijhng of fix
Leaves, as all other Tulips do-, three of which
are wholly of a Red Color, and the other three
wholly of a Fellow.

XI. The Eighth, or Satyrion or Tulip of Caffa.
Its Root is like unto others of this kind, fo that they
cannot be difimguijbcd : h is an early Tulip, vet
differs from other early Tulips : its pa/e green
Leaves are as broad and large as they, and fome -
times crumpled or waved about the edges : in J'ome
the edges of the faid Leaves only are oj a whitijh,
or whitijh yellow color for a good breadth, but in
others the Leaves are lifted or parted with whi-
tijh yellow and green. The Stalk rifes not up fo
high as the other early Tulips, but bears at the top,
a blower like unto them ; in fome of a reddijh yei-
L a color , with a rujfct colored ground or bottom,
and in others of Jeveral colors : the Seed is alfo
like unto the early flowering Tulips. Of this Caffa
Species there are both Ptatcoces and Serotine, ear-
ly Flowering and late flowering which the Diligent
Florft may eafily obferve.

XII. The Ninth, or Red Dwarf Satyrion or
Bergomo Tulip, greater and leffer. Thefe are a
Species of the JirJt kind, or^greater Red Satyrion
or Bolonian Tulip , and are called by this Name,
becatfe they were found about Bergomo-, of which
the one Species is the bigger ; the other Species the

0 N leffer.

ioio Salmon’ s Herbal Lib. 1.

buffer, yet neither oj them Jo. large or great as that
hr It kind aforenamed-, and have very little other
■differences in them, than that they are alfo f mailer
in a'li'mir rcfpe&ive parts .

XIII. The Tenth, or ftnall Satyrion of Con-
ft.uuinople, or imall Turky Tulip. Its Root is
very like to that of the yellow Bo/onian Tulip at
Sect. V. aforegoing. It is a Jmjll Plant , and bears
for the mofl part hut two Leaves on the Stalk , which
'are fair and broad , aim oft like unto the Candia Sa-
tyrion qr Tulip , anon to be defcribed. The Stalk
it felf rfes not to be above a foot high , bearing
fame times but one flower , but mofl commonly two
thereon , one below another , and are no bigger
than the blowers of the yellow Koloriian Satyrion or
Tulip but differing in Color • for this on the out-
flde, is of a purplijh Color , mixed with White and
Green , and on the in fide of a fair-blufh color , the
bottom and Chives being yellow ; and the Tips or
Pendents blackifh.

XIV. The Eleventh, or Perfian Satyrion or Tu-
lip. Its Root is but /mail , covered with a thick
third blackifh flu'll or skin , with a yellotaifh Wool-
line fs fath at the top, and under the fhell. The
Roots alfo for the mofl part (in our Climate') grow
always lefs and lejs , decaying every year , and fo
perijh for the mofl part, by reafon of our Frofls
and Cold . although wc have many times f t them
deep in she earth to defend them -, but they are apt
of their own accord to run deep into the Ground :
nor are they fo apt in parting or Jetting off of buds
or little Roots , as the Bolonian or Dwarf yellow
Tulips arc-, nor do they ever grow or abide fo great,
as when they are brought unto us from abroad, and
feldom Flower with us after the firft year , It rifes
out of the Ground at the firft with one very long
and /mail round Leaf , which when it is 3 or 4
Inches high , does open it felf, andfhew forth ano-
ther /mail Leaf ( as long almoft as the former) break-
ingout oj the one fide thereof ahd after it a third,
and fometimes a fourth and a fifth-, but eachjhortcr
than other , which afterwards be of the breadth of
the Dwarf Fellow Satyrion or Tulip or fomething
broader, but much longer than any other, and abi-
ding more hollow, and of the color of the early Tulips
on the infide. The Stalk rifes up a foot and a half
high fometimes , bearing one Flower thereon, com-
pefed of fix long and pointed Leaves, of the form
of other fm all Tulips, but not /hewing much bigger,
than the Fellow Italian Tulip and is wholly white
both infide and out fide of all the Leaves, except
the three outer mofl, which have on their backs from
the middle towards the edges, a fhew of a brewnifh
blufh, - or pale red color, yet deeper in the midjt,
the edges remaining wholly white. The bottoms of
all thefe leaves are of a Dark or Dun Tawny Co-
lor. And the Chives and Tips of a Darkifh purple
or Tawny alfo. This does feldom bear Seed with
us in England ; but when it does, it is J mall like
to the Seed of the Bolonian, or Dwarf yellow Tulip,
aforenamed.

XV. The Twelfth, or Satyrion or Tulip of
Candy. Its Root is J. 'mall and fomewbat like to the
Root of the Dwarf Fellow Satyrion or Tulip, but a
little larger. This plant has come later to our
knowledge than the Perfian lafi defcribed, and docs
more difficultly thrive, with refpett to our Cold Cli-
mate. It has fair broad leaves, refe mb ling the
Leaves of a Lilly, of a greenifh color, and not ve-
ry whitifh. The Stalk bears at its top one Flower ,
larger and more open than many others which is ei-
tlcr wholly White, or of a deep red color, or elfe is va-
riably mixed. White with a fine Reddifh Purple , the
bottoms being yellow, with Purplijh Chives , tipt
with Blackifh Pendents.

XVI. The Thirteenth, or Satyrion or Tulip of
Armenia. Its Root is not much bigger than the or-
dinary Fellow Bolonia Tulip, or Satyrion, before
defcribed. It is a f, mall Satyrion or Tulip much •
differing from all the former ( except the ftnall or
Dwarf White one before defcribed ) in that it bears

3 or 4 /mail, long, and fomevohat narrow green
Leaves , altogether at one joint or place. The Stalk
is not high, and is naked or without Leaves, from
them to the Top, where it bears one J. 'mall Flower
like unto an ordinary Red Tulip, but fomething
more Fellow , tending to an Orange color, with a
black bottom.

XVII. The Places. The Titles fhew from
whence many of them came •, but now they are
all of them Nurtt up in our Gardens, where
they thrive and fiourifh very well.

XVIII. The Times. Thefe are all of them Pre-
coccs, or early Flowers ; and Flower in thofe times
and Months with the other forts of early Tulips :
They Flower from the beginning of March (if the
Seafon is Warm or Temperate) and continue Flow-
ering fometimes to the end of April, the Seed be-
ing ripe in about a Month after the time of Flow-
ering.

XIX. The Vitalities. Satyrion is Temperate in
refpe£l to heat or cold, moifture or drynefs, rather
inclining to hot and moift in the firft degree : Di-
geftive, Relaxive, Peftoral, Hepatick, Chylifick,
Analeptick, and Spermatogenetick.

XX. The Specification. Its faid to reftore in
Confumptions, and Excite Luft, and ftrengthens
the Spermatick and Generative parts.

XXL The Preparations. You may have there-
from. I. The prepared Roots. 2. A Juice or
Effence. 3. Sanguis or Blood.

The Virtues.

\

XXII. The prepared Roots. They are done by
baking in a Pan or Pot in an Oven, covered over
with Pafte; or by boiling or ftewing over the fire.
When baked or boiled foft, the pulp is eaten with
Milk or Cream j or with Pepper, Salt and Sweet
Butter, adding a little Vinegar, or Wine, asismoft
agreeable to the Palate. It nourifhes much, reftores
in Confumptions, encreafes Seed in both Sexes, ex-
cites Lulls, and is good againft Barrennefs.

XXIII. The Juice or Effence. It has all the
former Virtues, but more effeflual being drank 3
or 4 Spoonfuls at a time, morning noon and night,
in a Glafs of choife Canary. Drank in ftrong red
Wine, it is faid to be good againft Convulfions in
the Neck.

XXIV. Sanguis, Or the Blood of Satyrion. It
is made as that of Comfrey, Parfneps, Potatoes,

It has the Virtues and Excellencies of the Pulp,
Juice or Effence, aforegoing; but more excellent
than them all •, for it reftores weak and decayed
nature admirably, breeds Seed, provokes to Venere-
ous A£ls, and mightily refrefhes the Spirits. Dofe
one Ounce or more, morning, noon, and night, in
a Glafs of Canary, or other Spirituous and Gene-
rous Wine.

CHAP

o

Chap. 620. ‘EngUfh Herbs.

10 1 i

CHAP. DCXX.
Of S A V I N E.

f. Names. It is called in Arabick, Ab-

A he/, in Greek, B ?£<)©-, BrJ.6 v, ^

Bratkos , Brathy , Bar at hr on -, in Latine, Sabina , and
Savina , and of i'ome Savinera -, in Englifh, Savine ,
and is a Shrubby kind of Plane.

II. The Kinds. Authors make three Sorts of
this Plant. Sabina Vulgar is, Savina Communis, our
common Savine. 2. Sabina Baccifera Mdttbio/i ,
Camerarij , aliorumque , Sabina altera Dodonti • 5b-
/>;/ra Cupreffo fimilis Cordi & Lugdunenjis , Berry
bearing Savine. 3. Sabina altera baccat a Lobe/ij &
Lugdunenfis : Sabina famina major Tabcrnsemon-
tani , Sabina, alt erius alter a icon Dodonai : Savine
Gentle, or the greater Berry bearing Savine.

T/ae Defcription.

III. Thefirft, Or our Common Savin, has a long,

Branched out , zww/y which /firings up

a fmall low Bujh or fhrubby Plant , //jm> or four
feet high : having a Woody Stem , with many woody
Branches on it, crooked or bending -, on which are
fet many fmall , fhort , hard . thick, and prickly
Leaves oj a dark green color , which are frejh and
green both Winter and Summer. The Leaves are
fmall , in great Numbers, and almojl like Cyprefs
or Tamarisk, but thicker and more fharp or prick-
ly, of a very prong , but yet not unp leafing Smell.
It is faid to be Barren, becaufe it is feldom feen to
bear any Seed or Berries with us -, but Lobel fays,
that it does bear Berries, altho but in a few^p laces
and but feldom, and holding the Fruit on its Branch-
es all Winter till green Fruit grows on them again
the next Tear • and this is confirmed by good expe-
rience, as Cordus, Dodonscus, Fuchfius, Gefner
and Lugdunenfis do t eft i fie : in its Native Coun-
tries it bears fmall Black Berries like unto Ju-
niper.

IV. The fecond or Berry bearing Savine. This
is the greater plant of the two -, it Jpreads not fo
much as the former, but grows fomewhat higher, as
to the height of four, and fometimes of five pet,
fpreading forth Arms and Branches fully fur-
nifhed with Leaves, which at their fir ll coming
forth, are fomewhat like unto Tamarisk Leaves
but being grown old, are more like unto the Leaves
of the Cyprefs Tree, hard and pricking, and of a
dark green color, with an eye of blew fhadowing
them -, having a lefs ftrong fmell, and nothing fo
fharp as the common kind before deferibed. It
has not been obferved to bear any Flowers, but
fmall round Berries, like unto Juniper Berries
but larger, and of a J harper tafte, black when they
are ripe , with an eye of blew upon them, like to
the Jumper, or thofe of the common Savine before
deferibed, which Berries remain on the Branches
all Winter alfo, till new green ones come upon
them again.

V. The third, or Savine Gentle, or greater Ber-
ry bearing Savine. This grows fomewhat higher
than the fecond, with us-, Jpr coding out more fen-
der and weak Branches, on which are fet fmall and

Savins bearing Berries.

long Leaves , of a snore f leafing and gentle /me/’
than the others. On the Branches among the
Leaves, came forth fitch like Bernes, ns on the
other, end very like unto Juniper, 'block otfo when
they are ripe , and but a little bitter in Tafic not
altogether unpleafanr.

VI. The Places. Thefirft is planted in our Eng -
hfh Gardens almoft every where. The fecond and
third grow upon Hills and in Woods in Candy
Mifia, and in . other parts of Greece, and other
thofe Eaftern Countries ; The third on Mount Tau-
rus, Olympus, and Amamts-, as alfo upon the
Mountains in Apulia and Calabria, as alfo upon
the Plains of the Alps, near unto Gratianople
Gerard fays, that both chefe latter grew in his
Garden. They are all planted hy the Slip • but
the fecond both by the Seed and the Slip, which
mult be fet in a ground fomewhat Moift and
Shadowy, till they have taken Roor. The Plants
growing from the Slips, decline towards one fide
ltill retaining the Nature of the Bough: but the
Savine which is produced by the Seed grows more
upright.

VI I. The Times. Thefe all of them, continue
always green both Winter and Summer. And
thofe which bear Berries, have them ripe com-
monly in Winter; but they have fruit at ail times-
for before that the old Berries fall off, new come
on upon the fame Brandies.

VIII. The Qualities. Savin is hat and dry in
the third degreeandof fubtil parts: Aperitive Ab
fterfive, Anodyn, Atra&ive, Diuretick, Neurotick
Hylterick, Emmenagogick, and Alexipharmtck ’

IX. The Specification. Savine isheldto beavery
good Remedy agawft the Kings-Evil, Stone, Sand
Gravel, andTartarous matter in the Reins or Blad!

N 2 ,53.

ioi2 Salmon' s Herbal. Lib. 1.

der, the Pleurifie, Colick, obltruftions of the
Terms, Worms in Chilftien, &c.

X. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, I. A Juke, or Eftence of the Leaves. 2. A
De cod ion of the fame in Water or Wine. 3. A

Pouder of the Leaves. 4. A Fume. $. A Decoded
Oil. 6. An Ointment. 7. A Cataplajm. 8. A
DiJiil/edWater. 9. An Oil Difiilled. 10. Oleum
Sabin<£ Crocinum Mynfichti. 11. Pot eft cites or
Powers. 12. An Elixir. 13. A Fixt Salt.

The Virtues.

XL The Juice or Effence of the Leaves. They
are of thih parts, and by realon of their ftrong
drying and heating Qualities, they have no confo-
lidating or glewing property in them^ but by rea-
fon of their great acrimony, they digeft more, and
refill putrefa&ion as powerfully as thofe prepara-
tions of the Cyprefs ^ mixed with Honey and ap-
plyed, they cleanfe the filth of Ulcers, and take
away their blacknefs, and break or dilfolve Car-
buncles, or Plague Sores. They provoke the
Courfes, and force aw3y both Birth and After-
Birth. They are alfo profitable againlt the Kings-
Evil. Dofe one or two Spoonfulls or more
Morning and Night, in a Glafs of White or
Rheniffi Wine.

XII. The Decotfion in Wine or Water. It has
all the Virtues of the Juice or Effence, but much
weaker, taken to half a pint, it expells blood by
Urine, and is profitable againft the Stone, Sand,
Gravel, or any Tartarous Mucilage in the Reins,
or Urinary parts. Given with 30 Drops of Spi-
rit of Hartfhorn, or Tartarifed Sal Armoniack it
is a prefent help againft the Pleurifie, and Wind
Colick, Efc.

XIII. The Pouder of the Leaves. It has the
Virtues of the Juice, Effence and Deco&ion, and
may be given from hall a Dram to a Dram,
in any proper Vehicle-, feme give it as a Spe-
cifick to Kill Worms in Children. Take Savine
in Pouder a Dram: Nitre finely pondered 3.
Ounces: Honey 2 Ounces , mix them. It wonder-
fully helps fuch as are Afthmatick and fhort
winded, being taken upon a Knives point morn-
ing and night.

XIV. The Fume. It is made of the Green
Herb cut fmall and Hung upon live Charcole -,
received up the Body with or without a Funnel,
it induces the Terms, and Loches ftopt, haftens
the Birth, and Facilitates the Delivery.

XV. The Decoded Oil. It eafes pains , is
good againft Tumors, and King-Evil, Swellings,
and is laid to Kill Worms in Childrens Bellies
being anointed therewith,

XVI. The Ointment. It is made of the Green
Herb , as is ufual after which , to every pound of
the Ointment x Ounces of the fine Pouder of the
Leaves is added . It has all the Virtues of the
aforegoing Oil, and is more powerful than it to
all intentions ^ anointed on the' heads of Children
which are vehemently Scabby, commonly called
Scald Heads, it throughly cleanfes them, flops
their running, drys, and perfeUly heals them,
and is good againft Anthonies Fire.

XVII. The Cat aplafm. It is made of the Green
Leaves by bruifing them in a Mortar. Laid up-
on Old Ulcers, running Sores, and fretting Can-
kers, and fuch like, it digefts, cleanfes, deftroys
their malignity, drys and heals them, being firft
Bathed or Wafhed with a ftrong Deco&ion of
the Leaves.

XVIII. The Difiilled Water. It is a proper Ve-

ivyiuu vi mv. lujiuci mcuiciries m :

it is alfo of Angular good ufe to cleanfe the
Skin, and dear it from difcoloring, fpots, marks,
and other like deformities ; 'and is profitable fir
the Vertigo, or a Giddinels of the Head and
Brain, being taken inwardly morning and night
to 4 Ounces or more, fweetned with double re-
fined Sugar.

XIX. The Difiilled Oil. It powerfully provokes
the Terms, haften and facilitates the Birth forces
away the After-Birth, and dead Child, provokes
Urine, gives eafe in the Stone, Gravel, Stran-
gury, ot any Obftruaion of the Urine, gives pre-
fent eafe in the Colick, and is profitable againft
the Pleurifie, as alfo the Gout proceeding from a
cold caufe, being anointed thereon. Dofe from a
Drops to 10, Dropt into fine Sugar, and lb drank
with a quarter of a Pint of the Difiilled Water
or fame other proper Vehicle.

XX. Oleum Submit Crocinum Mytt/lchti, Myn-
fichts Oil of Savin with Saffron. Take if the
former Difiilled Oil of Savine a Ounces . Orien-
tal Saffron , or the befi Englifb Saffron a Drams
relhfed Spirits of Mugwort , Cenlory the left
and Cinnamon , of each one Ounce ; digeft i0 days'
then abfiraCt the Spirit and keep the Oil far ufe’
It has all the Virtues of the Difiilled Oil and
much more powerful for all the intentions Ir
may be given morning and evening (after due
purging) from iij. drops to x. in Rhenifh Wine
or fome appropriate Water or DecoElion. ’

XXI. Pot eft ares. Or the Powers of Swine
Thefe are poffibly one of thegreareft Hyllericks
in the whole Vegetable Kingdom, for fuppreffing
Vapors and curing. Fits of the Mother. They
are admirably Nervous, and cure cold difeafes of
the Head, Brain, Nerves and Womb, proceeding
from too much moifture. They are of thin and fub
til parts, provoke Urine and the Terms halten
the Birth, force away the After-Birth, and expeit
the dead Child if any be. They open and cleanfe
the Womb fo powerfully, that they are not to be
taken by Women with Child, left they caufe Abor-
tion or Mifcarriage. And yet they have this Ex
cellent quality (it a Woman is not with Child)
as well to comfort and fttengthen the Womb as
to open and cleanfe it. Tho’ they potently pro
voke the Terms when Stopt, yet when they
How too much, they will as well flop them a
gain becaufe they warm, comfort, and ftrengthen
the Nerves ; and the Womb being very Nervous
it receives the fame advantage thefeby They
famoufly eafe pains, in what part of the Body
foever, efpecially thofe of the Colick, of th*
Stone, and after-pains; and all fuel, as proceed
from Cold, Bruifes, Strains, Blows, or other
Contingent caufes. They are of extraordinarv
force in Curing Barrennefs in both Sexes but
chiefly in Women, for they warm, comfort re
ftore and ftrengthen the lnftruments of genera
non, acuate and enliven the Seed, making it
brisk potent and fruitful, aijd that in both Men
and Women. They cure Cramps and Convulfions
as alfo a cold Gout and Sciatica, and ftrengthen
all the parts weakned by thofe difeafes of anv
external Violence. They cure the Palfie, trembling
of the Hands, Arms, or Feet, and the benummedf
nefs of any part, if taken inwardly in due dofe
and be alfo outwardly applied to the parts affeFled’
as alfo bathed on the back Bone, as often and’
as long as the Vehemency of the difeafe re
quires. They become a cure for the Palfie if
diligently ufed according to thefe direflions The
Dije. They may be given from 40 to 80 or an
100 Drops, yea to half a Spoonful or more 'if

Chap. 6 2

to a Woman in Labor to excite the pains and
battens the Expulfion of both Birth and After-
Kirih, and to be repeated again, if the Midwife
thinks need ful. For Vapors and Fits of the Mother,
give them in fair water in the time of the Fit,
and at other times only Morning and Evening.
In Convulfions, Faintings, Swoonings, Palfies, ©V.
give them in Canary, Madera, White Port, or
White Lisbon Wines, or any other ftrong and
generous Wine, two or three times a day or oftner
it need requires.

XXII. I he Elixir. It has the fame Proper-
ties, Qualities, and Virtues with the Powers, fa-
ying that this is much fttonger, yet may be given
in the fame manner and dofe without exception.

XXIII. The fixed Salt. It is Hyfterick and
Antipleuretick, being given in proper Vehicles. It
abforbs the acidities of the Stomach and otherViice-
ra, chieHy of the Womb, and gives eafe in Vehe-
ment pains of the Stomach and Bowels, Womb,
..Reins, and Bladder. Dole from gr. 10 to 20 in
Sivin Water, Decoction of Winter Cherries, or
other fit Vehicle.

CHAP DCXXI.

Of SAVORY.

I' T'fCb Names. It is called in Arabick, Sa-
» hater, and Sahutar ; in' Greek, ed^Cerr
GCfiCen : in Latine, Satureia , alfo X hymbra : and
m Engiiih, Savofy.

11. The Kinds. There are about five forts of
Savory commonly to be met with in our Gar-
dens^ viz. 1. Satureia Vulgaris , Satureia hyberna,
Satureia perennis Camerarij ■, Satureia , five Thymbra
altera Lobe/ij ; Satureia hortenfis Cefalpini ; Hyflopus
agrejhs Brunfelff Thymbra Sylveflris Angui/ara ;
Thymbra agreJUs Gefneri, ffl Satureia Montana Bau-
hm ; Our Common Winter Savory. 2. Satureia
ft iva, Satureia hortenfis, if Sativa orThymbra Saliva
by molt writers ^ Cum la Ccefalpini & T abcrn&rnon-
tani, Thymbra agreftis Qtfalpin, , Thymbra vera Gtj-
nen ; Satureia hortenfis Bauhini, Cunila Columella ■
Our Summer Savory. 3. Satureia Crctica
Leginma ; Thymbra Cretcnfis Alpini ; Thymbra
Leginma Clujij ; Thymbra Leginma Diofcoridis
Tom I, Diofcorides his True Savory of Candy. 4
Thymbra Spiral a Penn-, Thymbra vera Lobe/ij
Lugiunenfe (V Tabernemontano 5 Thymbra Vera
Juliani, Thymbra vcl Satureia Rttpis vel Saxatilis
Rock Savory. ’

The Defcrzptioiis.

III. The firft, or our Winter Savory. It has a
Woody Root with divers J. 'mall firings adjoining
to it, and abides with green Leaves all the Win-
ter, which is more ufually encreafed by flipping or
dividing the Root, and new Jetting it again in
the fpring, than by flowing the Seed. It is a fmall
Low, and Bufhy herb , very Tike unto Hyffop, but
not much above a Foot high , with divers 'fmall
hard Branches, and hard dark green Leaves there -
on, as thick fet as the Leaves of Hyffop, and
fometimes with but four Leaves at a Joint, of a
reafonable ftrong aromatick or /meet fmell ' yet
not fo ftrong or /meet as the fummer kind fol-
lowing. The Flowers are of a Pale Purplijh co-
lor, jet at fever al diftances , towards the tops of
the Stalks , and. with Leaves alfo under them.

Savory Summer.

Rom ' 7eC°"dJ ?r our Savory.

Too, is Woody, and has many firings, yet fewer
than the former, which fen flies wholly every Zl
and mu/1 be Sown again every Spring, if ylu will

have

1014 Salmon V Herbal.

Lib. 1.

hive it. It is a ftr.aH tender herb, growing not
above half a yard high or thereabouts, rtfag up
with divers brittle Branches, fenderly or JparJediy
fet with I mail . long narrow Leaves , two at every
joint , one againfl another , foft in handling , and.
of a pic of ant, ftrong and quick fmell and tajtc ,
Wronger, f wee ter, and pleafantcr than the Joy met.
‘'The Flowers are fmall and purphjh , growing at
the tops of the Stalks, and with two fmall long
Leaves at the joints, under them. The Seed is
fmall and of a dark color, and larger than lime
Seed by half, which mufi be Sown every Spring
for the cncreafe of the Herb.

' V. The Third, or Diofcorides his true Savory
of Candy. Its Root is fomewhat woody, long , and
hard, with feme fmall blackifh Fibres fpreadtng
from it, and will as hardly endure the U inter
with us as the la]}, although the lower branches
which lye on the ground arc apt to take Root
which /hews, that in its native place of growth,
where it feels no cold Winter , it can by that
means fpread , and cncreafe it felf It branches

Savory of Candy.

Seed is of a blackifh brown . color, and • very like
alfo to the Seed of Time.

VI. The fourth, or Rock Savory. It has a
fomewhat long and woody Root, with fibres ad-
joining to it towards its lower end-, from which
rife up many fender, hard, and woody Stalks, a-
bout a foot high , on which do grow at fevcral
f paces, many very fmall and narrow Leaves, very
like to the Leaves of the true Time, but fome-
thing longer, of a foarp quick T afic, and of a
frong fweet fmell. At the Tops of the Brunches
come forth many f piked heads of fmall Leaves,
and out from among them, come forth purplifh
Flowers, which afterwards yield a fmall brown; fh
Seed, more like to the. Seed of Time than of Sd-
vory. The whole Plant will be fomethnes , of a
fad purplifj color , dafht over with a white mca-
linefs, as for the mofl part all Sea plants are.
This is a very tender plant, and does feldom en-
dure the Winter with us.

VII. The Places. Thefe Plants grow wild in
feveral parts of the South of Europe, and in
A fa, efpecially in Groves, where many times
they are to be found very plentifully ^ but with
us they all grow in Gardens.

VIII. The Times. They all Flower the firft
year of their Planting or Sowing- the firlt two
and the fourth in July and Augufi ■, the third
(in its native places) in Oflober and Novem-
ber.

IX. The Qualities. They are all hot and dry
in the third degree, Ahfterfive, Aperitive, Attrin-
gent, Attractive, Carminative, Digeltive, Diure-
rick, Cephalick, Neurotick, Peftoral, Cardiack,
Hylterick, Ptarmick, Emmenagogick, Alexiphar-
mick, and Analeptick.

X. The Specification. Savory expells Wind,
is good againft the Colick, Vapors, and Fits
of the Mother , provokes Urine and Womens
Courfes, ftirs up Luft and caufes Fruitfulnefs
in both Sexes ^ it caufes a good Appetite, and
as good a Digeftion, taking away loathing, and
an inclination to vomiting, it cuts tough flegm
in the Breft and Lungs, and helps to expeCto-
rate it eafily. It is good alfo againft Cramps
Convulfions, Tallies, Lethargies, Dullnels of the
Spirits, Vertigo’s, and raoft other cold and moift
Difeafes of the Head, Brain, Nerves, Womb
and Joints, as Gout, Sciatica, Lfc.

XL The Preparations. You may have there-
from. i. A Juice or E fence. 2. A* Decoflion,
or Infufion. 3. A Pouder of the Leaves. 4. A
Cataplafm. $. A Spirituous Tintture. 6. An
Acid Tintture . 7. A Spirit. 8. An Oil. <p. pc>.
tefiates or Powers.

The Virtues.

forth from the ground like Time , with many pur-
plifh fquare ■ Stalks or Branches , covered over
zvith a rough or hairy down. From the lower
joints of the Stalks come always two Branches ,
and two Leaves fet at them and fo in the like
manner all along the Branches, two at every
joint one againfl another on the contrary fide,
and are very like unto the Leaves of the true
Time, but fomething larger and a little hairy,
of a fweet fmell, and /harp tafe, between thofe
of Time and Savory. On the Tops of the Branches,
at certain di fiances one above another, grow forth
heads or Tufts of green Leaves -, from among
zohich come forth many purplifh flowers like to
thofe of Time , fending in brozmifh husks . The

'XII. The Juice or E fence. Taken from an
Ounce to two Ounces in, a Glafs of Canary or
Madera Wine, it gives eafe in the Colick, pio-
vokes Urine and the Courfes, and Excites Luft
in both Men and Women. They cut rough Flegm
in the Breft and Lungs, and eaufe an eafy ex-
pectoration thereof j the juice being ufed as an
Errhine, by Snuffing it up' the Noltrils, enlivens
the Spirits, takes away dullnels and heavinefs
and is profitable againft a Carus, Lethargy, and
other fteepy difeafes •, by drawing out ,’ and
purging the head and brain of cold, vifeous and
Pituitous humors : and dropt into the Eyes, it is
a good Ophthalmick to clear the Sight/ if it
proceeds of thin cold humors diftUling from the

Brain.

Chap. 622. £ nglijh Herbs . 1015

Brain. The fame Juice or Eflence, mixed with
a little Oil of Roles and dropt into the Ears,
it eafes their pain, and takes away Deafnefs,
Noife, and Singing in them.

XIII. The Decottion or Infufion in Wine. It
has ahe former Virtues, but is weaker and there-
fore may be given to 4, 6, or 8 Ounces at a
time-, it is good againft loathing and Vomiting,
creates an Appetite, and caufes a good Dige-
ftion.

XIV. The Pouder of the Leaves. It may be
given to a Dram at a time, morning and even-
ing either in a Glafs of Wine, or mixt with
Honey, or fome proper Syrup. It has the Vir-
tues of the Juice, Eflence and Decoflion, but
operates not with that Celerity and Excellency
as they do, by reafon of its earthy fubftance
which' very much clogs it-, befjdes it mult be
firft digefted in the Stomach before it can exert
its Virtue in remedying thofe Diftempers againft
which ir is given.

XV. The Cataplafm. The Juice made into
a Poultice with Wheat Bread, or Rye Bread, and
applyed to the Joints or Hips , is faid to
give eafe to the raging pains of the Gout and
Sciatica , as alfo d'fcufles fimple contufions ,
and takes away the Stinging of Bees, Hornets,
Wafps, Lfc.

XVI. The Spirituous Tintture. It is excel-
lent againft the Colick, and all Windy Difeafes
in the Stomach and Bowels j is good againft Hy-
pochondriack Melancholly, and prevails againft
Fainting, Swooning, Convulfions, Vertigo, Lethar-
gy, and other cold and moift Difeafes of the Head,
Brain and Nerves, and has all the Virtues of the
Juice, Eflence and Decoflion or Infufion. Dofe a
quarter of a Spoonful at a time Morning and Even-
ing in a Glafs of Generous Wine.

XVII. The Acid Tintture. It is a moft admi-
rable Stomatick, not inferior to that of Mint, it
is good againft an Afthma and fhortpefs of Breath
caufed by Obftruftions of the Lungs thro5 Flegm
and other cold and Vifcid Humors, inciding or
cutting them, and fo caufing them to be eafily
Spit up. It is profitable againft all Burning, Ma-
lign and Pettilential Fevers, and even againft the
Plague it felf ; refills Poifon and the bitings of Vi-
pers, Rattle-fnakes and other Venomous Creatures,
it creates an Excellent Appetite to Food, and
caufes a good Digeftion thereof, ftrengthening af-
ter a fingular manner the Tone of the Stomach.
Dofe fo many Drops as to give a Glafs of Wine
or orher Liquor a grateful acidity, and to be re-
peated 5, 4, or 6 times a Day or oftner.

X VIII. The Spirit. It is a fingular Stomatick
and Cordial, good againft Fainting and Swoon-
ing Firs, Fits of the Mother, pains and gripings
in the Stomach and Bowels, and all the Diforders
of the Vifcera proceeding from Cold, Moifture,
Wind, and Obltruflions. Dofe from a Dram to
two Drams in a Glafs of Wine.

XIX. The Oil by Difiillation. It may be given
from 3 Drops to 10, being dropt into Sugar and
mixt well therewith, and then put into a glafs of
Wine or other fit Vehicle to be taken in. It is
good againft Vapours, Fits of the Mother, Ob-
ftruflions of the Terms and other cold and moift
Diftempers of the Womb. It warms and com-
forts the Inftruments of Generation, excites Lull,
and is faid to Cure Barrennefs in both Sexes. It
facilitates the Delivery of Women in Labor, brings
away both Birth and Afterbirth, and either prevents
or eafes after-pains caufed either by hard Labor,
or taking Cold. It is alfo good againft all cold
or moift Difeafes of the Head and Brain, as vehe-

ment HeaJachs, Megrim, Carus, Lethargy, Ver-
tigo, Apoplexy, Epilepfie, Convulfions, Palfies,
either particular or univerfal, 8cc. inwardly taken
and outwardly applyed, as the prudent Phyfician
fhall advife. It is alfo good againft Fainting and
Swooning Fits, Cardialgia, and the moft fevere
Colick, proceeding from what caufe foever. It
alfo refills Poifon and the bitings of Poifonous
Creatures, as alfo the Malignity of the Plague or
Peftilence, and all forts of Malign and Peftilential
Fevers.

XX. Potefiates or Powers. Thefe have all the
Virtues of Juice , EJJence, Tinttures , and Oil, but
are much m^re lubtil than them all -, and not be-
ing fo concentrated as the Oil is, may be given in
a larger Dofe, as from 50 to an hundred Drops
in Wine, or fome other proper Liquor. They
have a mighty power upon the Brain and Animal
Spirits, as alfo on the Heart and Vitals, afling as
it . were in a Moment, and fo giving many times
prefent Relief.

CHAP. DCXXII.

Of SAW-WORT.

I. ' u'^HE Names. It has no Greek, nor ancient
X Latine Name.* The Moderns call it Ser-
ratula (d folijs minutim f erratic ) and we in
Englifh, Saw-wort.

II. The Kinds. Some will have this to be a
Species of the J ace as or Knapweeds, from its
Scaly Heads ^ but T halms takes it to be a kind
of greater Centory-. and Lonicerus thinks it to be
a Species of So/idago Sarafenica Saracens Con-
found, from its Effects. Some have called it
Serratula Tinttoria , or Tinttoris , becaufe it was
formerly ufed by Dyers in Dying and fetting of
a green color j but Parkinfon thinks it was cal-
led Tinttoria by a miftake of Tragus , Applying
it to another Plant, viz. his F/os Tinttorius ,
into which error, Bauhinus was led, as he him-
felf fays, by Thalitts. There are three kinds of this
plant fometimes found, viz. 1. Serratula Vul-
garis Jlore purpureo , our common Saw-wort with
Purple Flowers. 2. Serratula Jlore albo , White
Flowered Saw-wort. 3. Serratula jlore rubro , Red
Flowered Saw-wort.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firft or our common Saw-wort with
Purple Flowers. Its Root is a bufh of many
firings, which cncr eafes into many heads , which
Jhoot forth every one of them , many like leaves
whereby it grows quickly to be a great Tuft or Bujh.

It rifes up with many of its firft Leaves fome -
what broader and longer , than thofe of Betony , and
Sharper dented and pointed , all of them, fet upon
long foot Stalks but thofe which rife up af-
ter them , are longer and broader , and deeply cut
in, or gajhed on the fides into many parts , and
each part finely dented alfo in the fame manner.
From among which Spring up many brownifh Stalks,
with divers Leaves on them , the lower mod whereof
are divided in the fame manner aforefaid , and fo

ioi6 Salmon > 'Herbal Lib. I.

ii'c' higher they grow upon the Stalks, the left di-
vided they are ur.ro the Tops, which are branch-
ed forth into many parts , bearing Sca/y Heads
hie to the Knapweeds, (but not!. dug fo great d)
round and herd . with divers Purple Thrums or
Threads tn the middle, like unto them but Shorter.

Sam -(Fort.

The Seed is Jdmall and. black , like to that of the
jacea but leper than it , and lying in Down,
which JJ?eJs and falls away • 1 his plant when it

is young has many, or moji, or all its firft and low-
ed Leaves whole and not jagged or divided into
parts-, but when it grows older, and higher the
loaves which come faith afterwards higher upon
the Stalks, are many, or ntofi of them divided
into feveral parts.

IV. The fecorrd or White Flowered Saw-
wort. This in its Root, Stalks, Leaves , Branches,
Viewers and Seed, and farm and manner of grow-
ing is very like to the former ■, nor is there a-
ny difference or diffmllion between this and that,
but only in the color of the flower, or of the Threads
in the middle of the Scaly Heads, which in this
is White-, and the heads the mf elves, and the
Stalks cf a frafh green color.

V. The third or Red Flowered Saw-wort.
This is alfo in all ref pells as to the form of its
Root , Stalks, Branches, Leave si Flowers, Seed,
and manner of growing, like unto the two for-
mer, the difference between them being chiefly in
the flower, which is cf a deeper Red Color.
This is more rare than any of the former, and
not fo eafy to be found, or in fo many places,
as the two aforegoing are.

VI. The Places. They all grow in Woods and
Shadowy places, and fometimes in Meadows.

I The fiift is common in the corners of fields
and Wood Tides, both open and Shadowed that
with a White Flower has been found growing
at the farther end of Hampfled Wood, near unto
a Rill of Water, running by the fide of a Cottage
there j as alfo upon Water Down Forrelt in Suf-
fex, near unto the path which leads from Bridge
unto Ivy Bridg by a Brook fide. The laft is not
fo common to be met with.

VII. The Times. They all Flower in July and
Auguft, or towards the end of Summer, and the
Seed is ripe not long after.

VIII. The Qualities. Saw-wort is hot and dry
in the end of the firft degree, or beginning of
'the fecond* Abfterfive, Aftringenr, Anodyn, Vul-
nerary, and Arthririck.

IX. The Specification. It heals Contufions,
Green Wounds, Old Ulcers, Hemori luges, Co-
lick, and all inward Torments of the Bowels,
Ruptures, Hemorrhoids or Piles, Lfc.

X. The Preparations. You may make thereof,
i. A Juice or Ejfence. 2. A DecoUion or In -
fufwn in Wine. 3. A Pouder of the Leaves. 4,
An Oil or Ointment of Herb and Root. y. A
Cataplafm cf Herb and Root. 6. A Fomenta-
tion.

The Virtues .

XI. The Juice or Effence. They are Singu-
larly good for fuch as' are Bruifed by a Fall,
and have thereby any Vein broken within them 5
or are much Bruifed by cruel Blows, or other-
wife much hurt by any violence or over (training
or liftings they eafe their Pains and Sorenefs,
and flop the faid inward Bleeding, by congluti-
nating the mouths of the Veflels. And for the fame
reafon they are commended to heal Ruptures,
or Burftennefs, being as well as taken inwardly,
bathed warm outwardly upon the Place. They
are good alfo for all Wounds new or old, to
cleanfe, dry, heal, and confolidate them } or be-
ing old and filthy Ulcers, to digeft, cleanfe, in-
carnate and Cicatrize them , they being
often wafht therewith, and after wafhing, the
Ointment or Balfam of the fame Herb being
applyed.

XII. The DecoUion or Infujion in Wine. They
have all the fame Virtues with the Juice and Ef-
fence, but much Inferior, as being weaker in their
effects, and therefore may be given from a quar-
ter of a pint, to half a pint, morning and even-
ing} befides which, they are of good ufe againlt
the Colick or Gripings of the Guts, and all in-
ward Pains and Torments of the Bowels pro*
ceeding from Wind or fharp Humors.

XIII. The Pouder of the Leaves. Inwardly
given (in any fit Vehicle) to a dram at a rime,
morning and evening, it has the Virtues of the
Juice or Effence, but operates not with their
fpeed, nor does ir pierce fo far, nor fo effectu-
ally } but is an extraordinary thing for the pre-
lent (topping or pilfing of Blood, or of a Bloody
Flux. Outwardly, it (tops bleeding alfo, heals
green wounds-, and cleanles, drys and heals old
running Sores, and foul Ulcers though of long
(landing.

XIV. The Oil or Ointment of the Herb and
Roots. They eafe pains in any external part, be-
ing anointed upon the fame. And the Ointment
is good to heal Green Wounds, they being firft
wafht with the Effence or DecoUion, then (trew
ed over with the Pouder, and after all rhe Oint-
ment

Chap, <5 2] o Englijh Herbs.

ment being apply ed fpread upon fine Tow 5
and alter the fame manner they digelt, cleanfe,
incarnate, dry, and heal foul running Sores ,
and old fcetid Ulcers, if drelt therewith twice
•a day.

XV. The Qataplafm of the Herb and Root. It
is good to heal fimple Contufions as alfo limple
new Wounds ^ and to cleanfe foetid and putrid
Sores. And to Confolidate Ruptures in Chil-
dren and Young Meh , being applyed to the
part* after bathing of the fame with the Juice or
Eflence*

XVI. The fomentation. Take of the Dccotlion
or Infufion two parts ^ of the Juice or E fence
one part, mix them. It is of lingular effe&s in
eafing the Hemorrhoids or Piles, when they are
very painful, by fomenting them therewith very
hot for an hour together, twice or thrice a day :
and if they be very full of Blood, after Leeches
have been applyed, by fomenting them very hot,
it perfects the Cure.

CHAP. DCXXIII.

Of SAXIFRAGE Englirti.

I- 1 ^ 'll E Names. Saxifrage, (as to the general)

_ was fcarcely ever known to the Ancient
Greeks or Latines, yet there is Diofco-

ridis, which what that Plant was, is fcarcely
known to us, but fome of the Moderns have ap-
plyed that Name to thofe Plants which we call
Saxifrage: And by late Writers it is called
in Latine Saxifrage ; and in Englilh, Stone-break
and Saxifrage ,

II. The Kinds. There are feveral Species of
Saxifrage , the chief of which are. r. Saxifrage
facie Sefeli pratenfis Saxifrage Anglicana Lobelij ,
Sefelt pralenfe noftra Parkinfoni, Saxifrage An-
gbrum, Our Englilh Saxifrage. 2. Saxifrage Pa-
luflns Anglicana, Our Marlh Saxifraga ; ofthefe
two Species we fhall Treat in this Chapter. 3.
Saxifraga Alba , Our White Saxifrage, of’ which in
Chapter. 6 24. 4. Saxifraga Pimpinella, Our Burnet
Saxifrage, of which in Chapter 62;. following.

III. The Kinds of the Englijh fo called. 1.
Saxifraga Anglicana Lobelij, Our Englilh Saxifrage
fpecially fo called ; it is a lingular Plant of the
Kind, and by Parkinfon enumerated among the
Hart-worts. 2. Saxifraga Anglica Occidentalium
Lobelij, Our Weft Country Saxifrage, which Lo-
bel thinks to be a Species of Matthio/us his
Italian great Saxifrage. 3. Saxifraga paluftris
Anglicana, Saxifrage paluftris Alfmt folia, Marlh
Saxifrage, or Email Warer Saxifrage. 4. Saxi-
frage major Italorum Matthioli , The great Italian
Saxifrage.

largely fpread, not much unlike to Sefeli ptatenfe
monfpelienfium, and of a deep green color ■ the
Sta ks bear at the Tops Ombels of f mail Whmfh
lellow flowers, and the Seed after them is like

to Common Fennel Seed, both for form and magnitude

but of a browner color , and /offer Tajle. 5

V. The fecond, Or, Our Weft Country Saxi
frage. It rifes up with pretty thick woody Rems
fome of them fiandmg upright, and other Come
creeping as it were upon the Ground, i awards

thnr //lfrtPJ* p-rtnc lull ... t r

.u • i a i vicuna, towards

their lower ends full of Chinks or Clefts tpread
ing themfelves out very thick, and are full 0f

‘rniYItt. m/t n 1 7. ... . ... - y

The Defcriptiohs.

IV. The firft, Or our Englilh Saxifrage, fpeci-

ally fo called. It has a Root which is long, thick,

Black without, and White within, and of a good
favor. It rifes up with Stalks two or three feet
high, and fome thing Crefted, from which Spring
Stalks of Wmged Leaves, finely cut , almoft like
to Fennel, but thicker and broader, and not fo

•r ■ . „ r , • , J u,l,L l,,e JUU ot

Joints out of which grow two fmall long whit iff,
green Leaves, out of whofe Bofoms come divers
leficr Leaves Jmaller and Jhorter growing with
them. The Flowers grow at the Tops of the
Branches or fmall Stalks, in fmall Tufts of a
:r Whitifh color, the whole plant being alf0

wIV. * VI' T,he.?ird, °,r Mar(l1 Sax‘fage, or fmall
Water Saxifrage. Its Root is fmall and Fibrous
growing nt the Mire with its Strings. It rife's
up from the Root, with feveral very fmall graft like
leaves about an Inch long, very fmall aid nar-
row (a great deal J mailer and Jlenderer than
fmall Pins, Jays berard) from among which faring
up divers fender , round, fmooth, firm Stalks a
bout fix or feven Inches high, full of Joints
which are Jometmes branched here and there
with Jmall Branches : at the Joints of all which
both Stalks and Branches grow fmall Leaves
many together almoft like the former (but two
for the tnoji part longer than the ’ reft) fet by
couples, with others Jhorter coming forth of their
bofoms ■ which Leaves the higher they grow to-
ward, the Tops , grow JUll Jhorter and Jhorter.

6 O

J 9

f0 that the 'Top of this Plant refcmbks the hard
branched Thyme. At the Tops of the Stalks and
Branches grow the flowers , which are white , and
confifl of five round pointed Leaves , with fome
rmau Chives in the middle ; which flowers are
great , confidering the fnullnefs of the Plant.

VII. The fourth, or great Italian Saxifrage.
Its Root is long, jnd Woody , with fame Fibres
adjoining to it, from which Springs forth a great
Woody Stem, of the thicknefs of ones finger , which
is full of Clefts as it were below, which fpreads
it felf out very thick, with many J. lender hard
whitijh Branches full of Joints, and two fmall
whitifh green pointed Leaves Jet at every Joint
like unto Links, and many other J mailer and
Jhorter growing with them. The flowers fiand
at the Tops of the Branches, out of white green-
if!> husks, confining of five, and Sometimes fix
fimall white leaves, indented at the ends, of a
fwcet fmell , ftanding above the husks, and laid
open like a little Star , after which follow fmall
round and fomemhat long heads, full of fmall
reddifh round Seed, much leffer than that of
Poppy: but this Tlant grows not with us in
England fo great and Woody

VIII. The P laces. The tirlt grows in Fields
and Medows, in molt places of this King-
dom. The fecond and fourth, in the Weft parts
of England as Lobe/ fays, who relates in his Ad-
verfaria, that he found the fecond between Chipnam
and Marlborough in the high way from London to
Briflol, on a Chalky hill. The third Mr. Goodyer
found on a boggy Ground below the Red Well of
Wellinborougb in North'amptonfhire. The fourth,
alio Matthiolus fays grows on Mount Balius
in Italy.

IX. The Times. The firft flowers from the be-
ginning of May, to the end of Attgujl. The others
liower fall of them) late in the Year, as in July
and Auguft, and their Seed is ripe not long after.

X The Qualities. Saxifrage is hot and dry in
the third Degree, Aperitive, Abfterfive, Anodyn,

Carminative, Digeftive, Diuretick, Neurotick -
Stomatick, Nephritick, Hyllerick, Emmenago-
gick, Alexipharmick, and Lithontripdck.

XI. The Specification. It is good againft the
Strangury, Sand, Grate!, Stone, and Tartarous
Mucilage in the Reins, Ureters, and Bladder to
expel Wind, give eafe in the Colick, provoke
the Terms, Hoc.

XII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from. 1. A Juice, i. An Effence. 3. A De-
cotdion of the Herb in Wine or Water. 4. A
Ponder of the Seed and Root. y. A LiHUled
Water.

'The Virtues.

XIII. The Juice. Drank ffom 2, ...
Spoonfuls in White Port or Lisbon, Wine 5 "prcT-
vokes Urine powerfully and is laid by Authors to
break and expell the Stone in the Reins or Blad-
der, (which I fuppofe to be a Gritiy oS* for
that of a Flint-like Subftance , can never be
broken by a Medicament) and to expell it, as
alfo Gravel, Sand, or any Tartarous matter in
thofe parts.

XIV. The Effence. It has all the Virtues
of the Juice, befides which it expels Wind, is
good again!! the Colick, provokes the Terms,
in Women, haftens and facilitates the Birth’
ftrengthens a weak Back, and eaies the Pain
thereof Dofe from 2 to 4 Spoonfuls. If taken
with Honey, it eafes Coughs, and caufes Expe-
ctoration.

XV. The DecoUion in Wine or Water. It is
made of the Root and Herb together, and has
all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence, but
mult be taken in much greater Quantity, (be-
caufe it is weaker in Operation) as from’ 4 to
8 Ounces, or ffom a quarter to half a Pint
Morning and Night, fweetned with Honey or
Sugar.

XVI. The Pouder of the Seed and Root. Ta-
ken to a dram at a time morning and night
for a month together, it eaies the Pain of the
Reins and Bladder, proceeding from Tartarous
matter. Sand, Gravel or Stone, provokes Urine
gives eafe in the Colick, and has all the other
Virtues of the Juice and Effence.

XVII. The Dijhllei Water. It is of the fame
Nature, and has the fame Virtues with all the
aforenamed Preparations ; but as it is much weak-
er than any of them, fo it is given in greater
quantity: you may give half a Pint or more
at a time morning and night fweetned with
Honey; but it is chiefly ufed as a Vehicle for
other Preparations.

CHAP

I

CHAP. DCXXIV.

Of Saxifrage White and Golden :
0 R ,

BREAK-STONE.

I. r~T'HE Names. Thefe were, as far as I can
X find, unknown to the Greeks. The La-
tines call them Saxifrage alba and we in Englifh
While Saxifrages.

II. The Kinds. We fhall defcribe the three
following Varieties. i. Saxifraga alba Vulgaris
Saxifraga alba Chelidonides Lobehj Saxifraga
rolundifolia Baubini , Saxifraga radice tuberoja
Clufij • Our Common White Saxifrage. 2. Saxi-
fraga alba bulbofa altera , (Jf bulbifera Montana
Column a, Saxifraga adfolia bulbos gerens Baubini ,
Mountain White Saxifrage. 3. Saxifraga aurea
Gerardi , Saxifraga Lichenis facie (ft Natalitijs
Lobe/ij ■, Hepatica Palufris Bejleri -, Chryf of ple-
num Tabernxmontani , Our Golden Saxifrage.

The Dejcriptions.

III. The firft, Or our Common White Saxi-
frage. It has a few fmall reddifh Ker nelly Roots ,
covered with fome Skins , lying among many fmall
blackifh fibres , which fend forth feveral round
faint, or yellowifh green Leaves , of a grayifh co-
lor underneath , lying above the Ground , uneven-
ly indented about the Edges , and fomething hairy,
every one growing upon a fmall foot Stalk -, from
whence rijes up a round brown if h hairy green
Stalk, two or three feet high , with a few fuch

Saxifrage White .

like- round leaves thereon, as grow below, but
f mailer-, and branched at the Top, whereon ft and
pretty large White flowers , confifting of five
Loaves a piece , with Jome Yellow Threads in the
middle, fianding in long crefied brownifh green
husks. After the flowers are pafi, fome time,
arifcs a round hard head, by-forked at tlje Tops,
in which is contained fmall blackifh Seed, which
u fually fall away without any Seed at all. That
which is commonly called White Saxifrage Seed,
are the Kernels or Grains of the Roots, which
are always ufed for the fame.

IV. Gerard dejcribes the aforegoing Plant after
this manner. It has a Root comp all of a 1C umber
of black Strings , where unto are f aft ned very many
fmall reddifh grains, or round Roots, as big as
Pepper corns , which are ufed in Medicine, and
are called Semen Saxifraga- alba, or White Saxi-
frage Seed, from this Root fpring up round
leaves fpread upon the Ground, and fome what
jagged about the Edges, not much unlike the
Leaves of Ground Ivy, but fofter and fmaller,
and of a more faint yellowifh green. Among
which rifes up a round hairy Stalk a Cubit high,
bearing at the Top fmall white flowers, a! mo ft
like Stock Gilliflowers. The Seed follows the
flower which is fmall, and contained in little
Husks.

V. The fecond, or Mountain White Saxifrage.
The Roots of this, although they are round, red,
and bulbous like the other , yet are they twice
as great, and made as it were of Scales or Cloves,
laid one upon another, like the Root of a Lilly 5
in all other things , almoft in every part it is
like the former -, the Leaves are round and hairy,
but fomething leffer , with brownifh foot Stalks.
The Stalks are greater, having leaves thereon,
as in the firfi-, but at every joint with the
leaf comes forth a fmall Bulb , Tuber, or Kernel

Saxifrage White Mountain.

i

' ;

3 • X'*i

1020 Salmon' s Herbal. Lib. 1

( which the Cutter bus omitted in the ligure)
like unto thofc at the Root , which when it is
through ripe , will encrcafe to he Plants, as the
Bulbs of the Bulbed Lilly , or of the bulbed Coral
Root toil/.

VI. The third, Or our Golden Saxifrage. Its
Root is Bujhy , compofed of a great number of
fmall Strings or Fibres. It is a fmall low Herb ,
having many round Leaves lying upon the Ground ,
bluntly indented about the edges , Comet hi tig like
the former common White Saxifrage , but not hairy ,
fame what thicker alfo , and of a darker green
color, from among which rife up fever al fender
and weak Stalks , little above an hand bredth high ,
with ftch like Leaves on them, as grow below,
up to the Tops where among the Leaves come
forth fmall Gold Yellow colored. Flowers , not eaftly
olferved , becaufc they fall away Jo foon , that
they are feldom feen. After they are paft , there
appear in their places , round heads , in which a

Saxifrage Golden.

contained fmall round reddifh Seed. The whole
Riant is almojl infipid , or without Tafle , and no-
thing hot , which does not few any property it hat
to operate upon the Stone or Gravel , either to
difjolve or cxpell it -, unlefs it be by fome occult
or Specific k Qualify. It can fcarcely be thought
that fo many Authors as have wrote of it fhould
aferibe a Scone Breaking property to it , unlefs
it had been confirm'd to them by much Brattice
and Experience , but 1 having obferved. nothing
concerning it , ft) all fay no more of it at this
time.

VII. The Places. The firft grows plentifully
in many parrs of England, in the lower moilt,
as alio in the upper dry corners of Medows,
and Graify Sandy Places. It is laid that it has
grown on the back fide of Grays-lnn , not far
f rom Lamb's Conduit Head : alfo in a Field on
the left hand of the high way going from Tbomaj
Watering unto Deptford near London: in the

great Field by Ifiington called the Mantles • in
the Green Places by the Sea fide at Lee in Eflex,
among the Rulhes in Georges Fields near Southwark ,
and in thoufands of other places in this Kingdom.
The fecond grows on the Hills and Mountains
of Italy in the Kingdom of Naples and I have
been informed by a Tiaveller and fingular Her-
barilf, that he has found it growing on fome of
rhe Hills and Mountains in Wales. The third
grows in Moilf places by Well fides, or other Hand-
ing, and lometimes running Waters, andfometimes
alfo in Moorifh or Fenny Grounds ^ as about Tid-
naham in the Forrefl of Dean , at Afhford and Iden
in Kent -, in moilt and Marfh grounds about Bath
and Wells -, in the Fenns and Moors by Bofion
in Lincolnshire, and Wisbich in Cambridgfhire $
at Chifjelhurft in Kent-, and abundantly in the
Shadowy Moift Rocks by Mapledurham in Hamp-
Jhire-, as alfo in the like places in Torkfinre.

VIII. The Times. They Flower fometimes in
Aprif but generally in May, in which Month
the firft is gathered for the Grains or Kernels
upon the Roots, or thofe upon the Stalks, as
alfo for Diftillation, quickly withering away when
any heat comes. The latter continues Green all
the Year.

IX. The Qualities. The firft and fecond kinds
are hot and dry in the fecond degree, Abfterfive,
Incifive, Diuretick, Neurorick, Stomatick, Ne-
phritick, Hyfterick, Emmenagogick, and Lithon*
triptick.

X. The Specification. It is peculiar to break
or diftolve the Stone in the Reins and Bladder,
and to expell it, and cleanfe thofe parts of any
Tartarous Subftance, or obftru£live matter lodged
in them. It gives eafe in the Strangury, pro-
vokes Urine and the Terms powertully , and
cleanfes the Stomach and Lungs from Pituitous
humors offending them.

XL The Preparations. You may have there-
from, I. A Juice or EJJence of the Leaves and
Roots. 2. A Decottion of the fame in Wine or
Water. 3. A Yonder of the fmall Kerne tty Roots .
4. A Difiilled Water of the whole Plant , Roots ,
Stalks, Leaves , and Flowers.

The Virtues.

XII. The Juice or EJJence. They cleanfe the
Reins, Ureters and Bladder, and are laid to
break or diftolve the Stone, (if confifting of a
Gritty Conaetion) in thofe parts, and to expel
it, as alfo Sand, Gravel, and Mucilaginous Matter,
of which the Stone is bred. They cure the Stran-
gury or pifling by drops, and provoke Urine
to admiration, open obftruftions of the Lungs,
and Womb, and provoke the Terms, cleanfing
the fame from the Pituitous matter lodg’d in
them. Dofe from two Spoonfuls to four or
fix in White Port Wine, or in the Deco&ion
of the Leaves and Roots.

XIII. The Decottion of the Leaves and Roots in
Wine or Water. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice or Elfence, but lels powerful and there-
fore may be taken from a quarter to half a
pint at a time, Morning and Night, for a Month
together, fweetned with our Syr up us Nephriticus,
or with defpumatcd Honey.

XIV. The Pouder of the Kernelly Roots • com-
monly called the Seed. It may be given to a
Dram, or Dram and half in White Wine every
morning falling, and at Bed time, for 40 days
together, for all the Intentions and purpofes for

wh ich

C hap . 6 2 5 . 'Engltjb ‘Herbs .

1021

which the Juice or Effence are given. It mixed
with Honey and fo taken, it is an Excellent thing to
open Obftrufled Lungs, and to caufe an eafie
expectoration of the Pituitous matter afflicting
them.

XV. The Diftilled. Water of Roots , heaves , and
Flowers. It has the Virtues of the Juice and
Eflence, but in a much inferior degree, and may
be given half a Pint at a time, fweetned either
with our Syrupus Nepbriticus , or with Clarified
Honey , and fo taken Morning, Noon, and Night.
It caufes Flegm to be eafily voided from the
Lungs.

CHAP DCXXV.

Of SAXIFRAGE Burnet.

I. r~r' HE Names. The Ancient Greeks and La-
X tines knew nothing of this Plant : Our
Modern Authors have call’d it, Pimpinella Saxi-
graga : And we in Englifh, Burnet Saxifrage.

II. The Kinds. Thefe following are the Chief,
viz. i. Pimpinella Saxifrage major noflras , Our
Greater Englifh Burnet Saxifrage. 2. Pimpinella
Saxifrage minor nofir as 4 Pimpinella Saxifrage te-
nuifolia Baubini , Our fmaller Englifh Burnet Saxi-
frage. 3. Pimpinella Saxifrage hircina major 4 Pim-
pinella Cordi , Fuchfij , Gefneri , Lobe If Tragi •
Pimpinella Saxifrage Matthioli , Camerarij 4 Saxi-
frage hircina Gefneri Cf Uufij 4 Bipenula Locuna 4
Bipinella Saxifrage Lobe If Tragofelinum majus
Tabernamontani , The great German or Hircinian
Burnet Saxifrage. 4. Pimpinella Saxifraga hircina
major flore rubente Gefneri , The great German or
Hircinian Burnet Saxifrage with a reddifh Flower.
5. Pimpinella Saxifraga hircina minor ^ Saxifraga
hircina minor 4 Pimpinella Tragi ; Daucus felinoides
Cordi •, Dauci tertium genus Lugdunenfis j Tragium
Diofcoridi Column a • & Pimpinella minor ^ by divers,
The fmall German or Hircinian Burnet Saxifrage.

T he Descriptions.

III. The firft, or our greater Englifh Burnet
Saxifrage. It has a long whitifh Parfnep like Root ,
of a hot and biting Tafle like Ginger , which conti-
nues many Tears. It grows up in the fame manner
like the great German Saxifrage at Sell. V. follow-
ing, having an hollow Stalk two or three Feet high ,
with joints and knees , befet with large Winged
Leaves , which do more nearly referable Sm allage
than Burnet •, which confifis of many fmall Leaves
growing upon one Stem , fnipt or dented about the
Edges like a Saw. The Flowers grow at the tops
of the Stalks and Branches in white round Tufts ,
or Umbels : The Seed is like Common Barfly Seed ,
faving that it is hotter , and biting upon the
Tongue , being fharper and hotter than that at
Sell. V. following.

IV. The fecond, or our fmaller Englifh Burnet
Saxifrage. This is the befi known of all the refi.
Its Root is long and white , fmaller than the former,
and puts it felf forth into Branches , being of a hot ,
Jharp and biting Tafie alfo. It fprings up with
Leaves almoji like unto Burnet , or Common Barfly
of a dark green Color , and fmooth or void of hairs ,
which if tenderly broken with your Hands , you may

Saxifrage Burnet Greater.

draw forth fmall Threads, like thofe of a Spiders
Web, and fitch as you may draw Jrom the Leaves
of Scabious. The Stalk is hollow , dividing it felf
from its Joints or Knees, into fever, it Jntall
Branches , at the Tops of which do grow JmallTufts
or fpokie Umbels of white flowers, after which
comes the Seed, of a hot Jharp TaJIe, like to that of
Caraways.

V. The third, or great German or Hircinian
Burnet Saxifrage. Its Root is fmall, long and white,
very like unto a Parfnep or rather a Par/ly Root
but much hotter in Talie, which pcrijhes not after
Seed time , but endures fevcral Tears. It fprings
up with fevcra! large and long Stalks of Winged
Leaves, one fet dtrcBIy oppojite to another, on
both fide s the middle Rib-, each being fomemhat
broad, a little Pointed, and fomemhat deeply Je tted
about the Edges, oj a frejh green color, a/mofi Jhm-
ing. Prom among which rife up one or more round
hollow Stalks, three feet high or better. Jit at the
Joints with the like, but lejjer Leaves, and bear
mg at their fevcral Tops, fmall Umbels of fmall
white flowers, after which come fmall , blackijh,
round Seed, like unto Parjly Seed, but much hotter
in TaJIe, and Sharper upon the Tongue. The
Leaves of this fpecies are groffer cut in or dented
than our great Englifh kind at Sell. III. above, and
at leal I double their Breadth, they both being in .
dented after the fame manner.

VI. The fourth, or great German or Hircinian
Burnet Saxifrage with a Reddifh Flower. Thisjort
differs little or nothing from the former, neither in its
Roots, Stalks, Leaves, Branches, flowers, nor Seed
nor yet in its Magnitude or form of Growing, faving
only that the flowers in this are of a reddifh or
blujh color.

VII. The fifth, or fmaller German or Hirci-
man Burnet Saxifrage. Its Root is long and
White, but fmaller than the Roots of the two
lajt deferibed-, alfo more hot, quick, and Jharp,

M

'

1022

Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. I.

as is alfo the Seed hereof. It has jeveral Shorter
Stalks of finer cut Leaves by much than tbofe of the
third and fourth kinds , every one Jet again/} a-
noiher , being very narrow , and much cut in , or
deeply denied shout the Edges, which makes the
Lea f feetn as if it were made of many fine cut and
jagged Leaves, Jet on both fides of a middle Rib ,
or Stalk , which f acet: ices grows Reddijh , and u
very near of the fame frejh green color which is
teen in the third or great German kind before de-
feribed. The Stalks rife as ■ high aimo fl , and the
Umbels of {■lowers arc white like tbofe: the Seed
alfo is blackijh , but /mailer than the Seed of that
third Species.

VIII. An Obfervarion. Parkinfon fays, that
there is growing at the Roots of thefe Saxifrages,
in fame countries, certain Grains , which will give
a Scarlet Die, as Lacuna and Anguilara have related,
and by them called Coccus Radicum : but Amatus
Luiitanus fayt that the like Grains are found at the
Roots of many other Herbs. Tragus calls this Sax-
ifrage Piper Germanicum, and Jays that no other
Plant, can be more fitly referred to the Petrofeli-
num Macedonicum Diofcoridis, than it, who com-
pared the Seed to the Seed of Aroeos, yet to be
fweeler, and in fmell like to Spice, being very
Jharp and hot in T afte : and truly the Seed hereof
is fo Aromalica! , and very Jharp and piercing
withal!. Teat be bad Reafon to Jay as he did : And
Gerard fays, it anfaers to the true Piiellandrium
of Pliny, more than any other Plant.

IX. The Places. The two firft are found grow-
ing very plentifully in molt Medows throughout
England, and are eafily feen of fuch as know them,
and look for them, tho’ they lye hid among the
Grafs, and often times fcarcely to be difeern’d.
The other three grow in the Fields, in Germany,
as alfo on their Mountains and Rocky Grounds,
but very much in Sy/va Hircima, or the Hircinian
Wildernefs or Woods, from which place it takes
part of its Name: Yet notwithftanding, they
have been found by divers, to grow as well in
England as in thofe other places.

X. The Times. They all flower from the end
of June ro the end of Augujl, and their Seed ri-
pens in the mean Seafon.

XI. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in
the end of the third degree, being indeed as hot
as Pepper, and (as Tragus lays by his often experi-
ence) more wholefome: They are of thin and lubtil
parts, being Incifive, Aperitive, Ahfterfive, At-
tractive, Carminative, Digeftive, Difcuff.ve, Diu-
retick, Cofmetick, Neurotick, Stomatick, Nephri-
tick , Hyfterick , Emmenagogick, Lichontripcick
and Alexipharmick.

XII. The Specification. They provoke Urine
and the Terms, give eai'e in the Strangury, cure
the Colick, expel. Wind from the Stomach and
Bowels, are good againft pains and fits of the
Mother , break or dinolve gritty Stones, in Reins
and Bladder, and expel the lame, refill and expel
Poifon, Itreiigtlien the Stomach, cauiing a good
appetite and digeftion , and an Expectoration
of cold Pituitous Humors from the Breft and
Lungs. They are alfo Cofmetick, freeing the
Skin from many Deformities.

XIII. The Preparations. You may make there-
from i. A Juice. 2. An E [fence. 3. An Infuft-
on or DecoBion Wine or Water. 4. A Pouder of
Seed, Leaves and Roots. ;. Comfits of the Seed.
6. A Cataplafm. 7. A Spirituous TinBure.
S. An Acid TinBure. 9. An Oily TinBure.
ic. A Saline TinBure. 11. cl Dijlil/cd Water.
12. A Spirit.

The Virtues.

XIV. The Juice of Leaves and Roots. Il pro-
vokes Urine and the Terms powerfully, facilitates
the Birth and expels the Afterbirth, gives eafe in
the Colick, and breaks or diffolves gritty Stones in
the Reins and Bladder, fuppreffes Vapors, and helps
fits of the Mother. Dofe from one Spoonful to
three, Morning and Night, in a Glafs of white
Port or Lisbon Wine,

XV. The EJJence. It ftrengthens the Stomach,
fortifies the natural faculties, caufes a good appe-
tite and a ftrong Digeftion, and is an excellent
thing againft Coughs, Colds, Afthma’s, fhortnefs
of Breath, Hoarlhefs, Wheezing and other cold
and mo:ft Difeafes of the Breft and Lungs, and
has indeed all the other Virtues of the Juice. Dofe
one or two Spoonfuls fweetned with Syrupus A>-
phriticus, or with Honey, Morning and Nighr.

XVI. The lnfufion or DecoBion in Wine or
Water. They are given for all rile former purpo-
fes, from a quarter to half a Pint, fweetned as a-
forefaid ; befides which, they refill and expel
Poifon, and if made with Wine, comfort the Hearr,
expel Wind, and are good againft Fainting and
Swooning Fits.

XVII. The Pouder of the Seed, Leaves and
Roots. It may be given to a Dram for all the a-
forefaid Intentions , and if it is made into ah Ele-
ftuary with Clarified Honey, it caufes Expeftoration
of Vifcous tough Flegm flicking in the Stomach
and Lungs, expels Wind, and abforbs acid and acri-
monious Humors which yelficate the Bowels.

XVIII. T he Comfits made of the Seed. They
are made as Caraway Comfits, according to the
Art of the ConfeUioner. They warm and com-
fort a cold Stomach, caufe good Digeftion, take
away naufeoufnefs and refill Vomiting.

XIX. The Cat aplafm . Applyed to gteen Wounds,
it flops their Bleeding, drys, confolidates and
quickly heals them , more efpecially if the Wound
was firft Waflied with the Juiceof the Herb or Root
and this it does even in Wounds of the Head*
where there is no frafture of the Scull.

XX. The Spirituous TinBure. It is Cordial
comforts the Heart, revives the Spirits, refrelhes
Nature, warms the Scomach, Bowels and Womb
potently expels Wind, and is good againft the
Belly-ach, and gripings of the Guts. Dofe half a
Spoonful or more in a glafs of Wine, elpecially
if the Patient is Sick at Heart, or in any Fainting
or Swooning Fir.

XXI. The Acid TinBure. It refills the malig-
nity and Poifon of the Plagne and all forts of Ma-
lign and Peitilenrial Fevers, is good againft the
hirings of Vipers, Rattle-fnakes, Mad Dogs, and
other Venomous Creatures; ftrengthens the’ Sto-
mach, caufes a good Appetite and an excellent
Digeftion, and is a very potent Medicine againft
Stone, Sand, Gravel, or Tartarous flime in the
Urinary parts, provokes Urine, allays Vapors
and refifts fits of the Mother : Dofe fo many
Drops at a time as to give the Vehicle, Wine
Ale, Broth, (Jc. a pleafing acidity.

XXII. The Oily TinBure. Ic is ftrongly Diu-
retick, gives prefent eafe in the Strangury, or
pilling by Drops , breaks gritty Stones in the Reins
or Bladder, and expels them, as alfo Sand, Gra-
vel, (fie. Dofe from 15 to 30 Dtods firlt droptinto
Sugar, and then mixt with Wine.

XXIII. The Saline TinBure. It has the Vir-
ues of the Oily Tin&ure, but is for the mod

part

Chap. 626. Tinglijh Herbs. 102:5

pare ufed Externally againft delcedations of the
Skin, as Freckles, Pimples, Tanning, Sunburning,
Scurff, &c. .

XXIV. The Di [filled Water from the whole
Plant. It is ufed for the more nice Stomachs for
all the purpofes for which the Juice, Effence, In-
lufion and Tin&ures are ufed, being fweetned with
Sugar : It is alfo ufed by Ladies £0 take away
Freckles, ScurfF, Morphew, Tanning, Sunburnings,
and other Deformities of Skin or Face, and to
make it more fmoorh and clear.

XXV. The Spirit. It is Cordial and a refifter
of Poifon, good againft Fainting and Swooning
Fits, Convulfions of the Nerves, Cramps, Num-
bednels, Paralytick Difeafes, and other we iknefles
of the Body : it expells Wind, and gives prefent
eafe in the Colick. Dole from half a Spoonful to
a Spoonful in a glafs of Wine upon occafion.

Scabious Field Common.

CHAP DCXXVI.

Of SCABIOUS,

OR,

SCAB-WORT.

I. ’~T'HE Karnes. This was a Plant unknown
X to the Greeks, but Matthiolus in his Epi-
tome calls the teller Species of it 4»'e?> which is
as much as to fay Scab-wort-, in Latiue it is
called Scabio/a, and in Englilh Scabious or Scab-
wort.

II. T be Kinds. Authors have multiplied the
Species to a great number; but we fhall take
notice only of fuch as are to be found growing
Wild in England, or in our Gardens, viz. I . Sca-
bio/a Vulgaris pratenfis, Scabio/a communis, vel,
Officinarum , our Common Field Scabious, i. Sca-
bio/a minor campeftris, Scabio/a media, (by fome)
Columbaria Lobe/ij ; Scabio/a quinta Clujii, our leffer
Field Scabious. 3. Scabio/a major jegetum-, Sca-
bio/a Campeftris feu /egetum Label: j, alfo major
Satorum Vulgatior, Our Common Corn Scabious.
4. Scabio/a Ovilla Voders / -, Scabio/a montana om-
nium minima Lobe/ij, Our, fmallelt Sheeps Sca-
bious. ;. Scabio/a Ovilla major ; Scabio/a media
Dodomti ; Scabio/a Ovilla birfuta, The Greater
or Middle, or hairy Sheeps Scabious. 6. Scabio/a
minor horten/is Vulgaris ; Scabio/a /lore albo ge-
mino ; Our Common fmall Garden Scabious.

7. Scabio/a media. The middle fort of Scabious.

8. Scabio/a j lore albo. White Flowered Scabious.

9. Scabio/a rubra Auftriaca, Red Scabious of
Auftria. 10. Scabio/a rubra exotica, /cu bidica
Exotick or Indian red Flowered Scabious. ’

The Dcfcriptions.

III. The firft or Our Common Field Scabious,
It has a Root which is great, white and thick,
growing down deep into the Earth , and abides many
years. It grows up with many hairy, /oft, whi-
ti/h , green leaves, fome of which arc either net
at all Jagged, or divided on the Edges, or ve-
ry little ; others are much Rent and Torn on the
fides, and have Threads in them, which upon the
breaking may be plainly lecn , and are not in fever al
of the other kinds : jrom among which rife up, one
or more, round , hairy, green Stalks 0 or 4 feet
high, with fuch like hairy green leaves on them,
but more deeply and finely divided , branched forth
a little. At the Tops of which, which are Naked

and bare of leaves for a good /pace, Ji and round
heads of [ lowers, of a Tale blewijh color, man),
Jet together in a head, or knob , the out envoi} of
winch are larger than thofe inward , with mam
l breads alfo tn jhe middle, fomething fiat at
the l op and not fo round or Globe like , as are the
heads oj Jome other forts.

Scabious Field leffer.

IV. The

O

102^

Salmons Herbal Lib. J

IV. The fecond, or Our lelTer Field Scabious
It is like in its Root, Stalks, Branches, Leaves,
tiovoers, form and manner of growing, to the fir ft.
f aving that the Leaves arc not Jo large > or deev-
ly jigged, nor do the Stalks rife Jo high, nor arc
the blowers Jo great or large, but yet of the fame
bleak blewijh color. Some think this to be the fame
j pccics witi) the former, but differing only in the
ranknefs of the Ground where they grow.

V. The third, or, Our Common Corn Scabious.
Its Root runs not deep into the Ground, but ra-
ther creeps under the upper Cruft of the Earth.
It differs but little from the ftrji before deferibed.
f aving that it is greater in all ref pells, the
Leaves being larger, with greater Divrjions.
and fame whole leaves with them mfo. The Stalks
are greater and ftronger, and- 1 lie Blowers larger
and more laid open , and not fo elojely thru ft to-
gether, but of the fame blewijh color , yet a little
more declining to Purple.

VI. The Fourth or Our fmaller Sheeps Scabious.
The Root is like unto the other Held Scabious's but
leffer. It has divers whit iff green leaves at the
ground, divided on both fides of the long pointed
leaf, only into one • Diviflon , on each Jide, ma-
king every leaf feem like the frnall Sage leaf,
called Sage of Virtue, which has fmall pieces oj
leaves like Ears on each fide thereof ■, but a lit-
tle dented about the ends . The Stalks are fmall ,
and low, and are furniffed like wife with fuch
like Leaves , but leffer -, and fmall blewijh Blowers
or heads on them, like unto the other Bield Sca-
bious.

VII. The fifth, or the greater, or middle or hairy
Sheeps Scabious. This is greater than the former
fuff now deferibed, growing a foot high or better.
Its Root is Jingle , and like that oj a Rampion

Scabious Sheeps Greater.

( whence Fabius Columna refer' d it to the Ram-
puns, its Seed and Milky Juice indue eing him
thereto.) It- has J lender rough Stalks, or Branches,
Jet wit h leaves not fo much divided , but only me lit
about the Edges. The Blowers are in Color and
ffape, like thofe cf the laft deferibed, of a blew-
tff color, confining of much Thrummy fibres clofe
thrift together like a Button, not much unlike to
; that of the blew daify.

VIH. The Sixth, or Our Common fmall Gar-
den Scabious. Its Root is long and abides many
years. It has long Jmooth Leaves below notched,
about the edges , but otherwife not much divided,
in firm alm,ofl like a Sage Leaf-, from among
which rife up a Stalk or Stalks almoji two Beet
high, pretty Jt iff or Jtrong, and branching them-
J elves out, not leaning their heads downwards .
I be leaves upon the Stalks are pretty large ha-

Scabious Garden fmall Common.

ving two or more long fmooth Leaves divided to
the middle rib on both fides, and each part
divided alfo, or pretty deeply Notched. The Flow-
ers, which are two upon long foot Stalks at the
head of each Stalk or Branch , are of a pretty
large Jize, and round at the head. Sometimes
there is but one Blower at the tops oj the Branches ,
and fometimes three, but mo ft ufually two, of a fair
pure white color , which being put away, the heads
with Seed appear more round and not flat, but
rather a little Corn faff ion' d, rifwg a little higher
in the middle.

IX. The feventh, or Middle fort of Scabious.
This kind is almoji in all things like unto the
fecond or our leffer Field Scabious before deferibed
faving that the knob, or head , does not fpread it
felf fo much abroad, nor is its Thrums fo thick or
clofe ly lhrufl together nor are the lower Leaves
fo deeply cut or jagged , but the upper are much
fmaller , and alfo more divided.

X. The

O

Chap. 626. 'Enghjh Herbs. 1025

Scabious Alt d die.

X. The Eighth or White Flower’d Scabious.
This has many long Leaves , very much Jagg’d or
gajht in on both flies, of a mean or middle bignefs ,
being .neither fo large as many of the Field , nor
fo [mall as any of the f. 'mall kinds. The Stalks
rife about a toot and half high, or fomemhat more ,
at the Tops whereof grow round heads , thick fet
with Flowers , like in all rcfpeUs to the Field Sca-
bious. but of a Milk white color.

XI. The Ninth, or Red Scabious of Aulfria.
Its Root is compofcd of a Number of flcndcr Strings
fajined to the head thereof. It has many Leaves
lying Upon the Ground, very like unto Devils bit.
but not fo It/rge, being fhorter and /nipt, not
gajht about the Edges, of a light green color:
(yet there is another of a darker green color,
whofe Flower is of a deeper red:) the Stalks have
divers fitch like Leaves on them, (fet by couples at
the Joints ) as grow below ; and at the Tops fmall
heads of Flowers each con fifing of jive Leaves ; the
biggeft Flowers Jianding round about in the outer
compafs. as is ufual almoft m all kinds of Scabious,
of a fine light purple or red cp'.or. After the
flowers are paft. comes the Seed, which is fome-
tbing long and round, fet with certain hairs at the
head thereof Hie unto a Star.

XII. The tenth, or Exotick or Indian Red
flowered Scabious. Its Root is long and round,
compaffed with a great many fmall Strings, which
perifbes ufually as foon as it has loft its Flowers
and Seed : otherwife if it does not flower the firft
year of its /owing, if it be carefully defended from
the Extremity of the Winter, it will flower the
fooner the next year , as has been often found
(with us in England,) by Experience. It has
many large fair green Leaves lying on the Ground,

lagged or cut in on both fldej to the Middle
every !“<*<! whereof is narrower than
that at the end, which is the bro.ideft. From a-
mong which rife up fever ol /lender and weak
Stalks, yet Jianding upright for the rnofi part,
Jet with J mailer or more jagged leaves ' at cer -
tain dijtanors, two or three at every joint. Branch-
ing forth at the top into other f mailer Branches, bear-
ing everyone of them, a head of Flowers, like inform
unto other Scabious's, but of an excellent deep red
Inm/on Color, (andfomenmes more pale or diluted)
having no Smell at all. After which come fmall
roundifh Seed, like unto the Field Scabious.

XIII. The Places. The ilr| five, and fevenrh
grow in Paltures, Medows , and Corn-Fields’
and barren Sandy Grounds, almoft every where’
as Gerard .0 yss the other four are Nurft up in
our Gardens , where rhey flourilf! Very well
The firft grows ufually in molt Medows in this
Land;, Specially about London almoft every
where. The lecond grows likewife in (ome of*
the Dry-Fields about the City, but not fo plenti-
fully as the former. The third grows both in
the Grounds where Corn is ftanding, and in fucli
Grounds as have been formerly Sown and now
lye Fallow, as alio in the borders of fuch like
Fields. The fourth is found in many dry Gra-
velly and Heathy Grounds throughout almoft all
England. The fifth likewife grows alfo in fuch
like places. The Sixth is not known where it
grows Wild, but with us it is Nurft up in
Gardens. The feventh fort grows in Fields
and Medows. The eighth, ninth, and tenth’
grow Wild in hotter Climates’; but with us
they are brought up in Gardens ; yet the eighth
has been often found growing in Medows, and
Marlhes near the Sea fide, in levetal parts of
England.

XIV. The Times. They all, except the laft flourifli
in the Summer Months, and Flower in June
and July, and abide Flowering till it is late in’
Auguft, and the Seed ripens in the mean time.
The Tenth Flowers not until September or Oflo-
ber ; and fomerimes is not apt to Flower with
us the firft year ; fo that many times it perifh-
es without bearing Seed, whereby we are of-
tentimes to feek for Seed from beyond Sea
to fupply our felves with it again, unlefs great
care be taken of it in the Winter time.

XV The Qualities. Scabious is laid to be hot
and dry in the end of the fecond Degree, and
rs of thin and fubtil parts. It incideS, attenu-
nates or makes thin, digefts, Is Anodyn Cof-
mettek, Vulnerary, Cardiack, Pe-Stora!. and Alexi-
pharmick. 1

XVI. The -Specification. It is peculiar to cure
all manner of Puftules, Pimples, Scurf, Scabs
Tettais, Ringworms, and other like breakings
Out; Ufcprevails againft ObftruSions of the
Lungs ^wtnmas Coughs, Colds, Whcezings ;
rleurmes, mwarcn^llcers, and Apottems, and potent-
ly refills the InfeSion of the Plague or Peftilence
exterminating its malignity or Poifon.

► XVII. The Preparations. You may make there
ntom i. A Juice. 2. An E (fence, a. H De coiti-
on or Infufion. 4. A Syrup. APouier. 6. A
Balfam or Ointment. 7. A Cofmetick. 8. A Ca-
taplafm. 9. A Dijii/led Water. 10. A Spirituous
Tintture. 11. An Acid Tmflure. 12. A Saline
TinSure,

6 P

T he

1026 Salmon s Herbal.

Lib. I.

The Virtues.

XVIII. T he Juice. It is very effectual for
Afthmfs, Coughs, Colds, Ihortnefs ot Breath,
Hoarfenefs, Wheeling, and all other Difeafes ot
the Breft and Lungs, ripening and digefting cold
Flegm, and other Vifcous humors, expeSorating
them by Coughing and --Spirting. Four Ounces
of the Clarified Juice of Scabious, taken in the
morning fading, with a Dram of Mitbridatc or
Venice Treacle, ftfees the perfon from any. In-
fetlion of Plague of Peltilence, ye01,,ough already
feized therewith, if after the takings of it, - tfe
patient Sweat for two or three, jijltr? in their
Bed, and ic’be repeated again^s The Phyfitian
may advtfe. Drank likewife to thefgqiiantiiy a-
forefaid, it is good againft Scabs, "and all' man-
ner of breakings out, as Tatars, Ringworms,
Scorbutick Boils and Pultulcs, yea tho’ they pro-
ceed from the trench Jftxf t'ihich Atatlhio/us
fays he has proved by Experience.

XIX. The Effencc. .It has -kjt .the Virtues of
the Juice, but being ftrongefand a more depu-
ated fubfbnce ; fo' itymay be given in a lefler
quantity, as to 3 Ounces, in fome' proper Vehicle,
as its own diftilled water, or the fame water
mix’d with half as much Wine; and it ought
to be taken morning and night fo long as need
requires.

XX. The Decoflion or Infufion in l Ivin e or
Water. It is made of the whole Plant, Roots
and all. If mixed with an equal quantity of
the Juice or Effence, and fo taken, it has all
the Virtues of the faid Preparations, befides which
it ripens all forts of inward Apoftems, cleanfes
inward Ulcers, heals internal Wounds, and Cures
Pleurifes, being drank morning and night for
fome days together. It is good again# Pains
and Stitches in the fides; and taken for Forty
days together, it is good to heal all forts of
breakings out. Sores and Ulcers, proceeding from
the french Pox. Outwardly the head being
walhed therewith warm, it cleanfes it from Dan-
driff, Scurf, Morphew, Sores, Scabs, and the
like.

XX!. The Syrup. It is generally made of
the Juice with Honey 01 Sugar, and has all the
Virtues of the faid Juice; but more particularly
it is Specifick againft Difeafes of the Stomach and
Lungs, curing thejr Difeafes, and caufing an eafy
F.xpeftoration. It #tth been told'Jiijmn old Pra-
ftifer of Phylick ana Chirurgery, ’tMlyijh is Syrup
is an excellent Cure for Ulcers “ ' '

cleanfing, drying atjd healingahenn,'
had cured feveral therewith', by V '
thereof morning and night S/y
tick Red Wine, (See

XXII. The ? oilier-. It ha
Juice and Effence: a Dram offtF
Roots taken tor 6 or 7. Weeks'togeth«f,-4n W.
Clarified with the Herb, is good agafrift allTS
net of breakings out proceeding from what caufd
foever, yea though from the Foul Difeafe it
felf.

XXIII. The Be f mi or Ointment. They are ex-
cellent againft Scurt,Morphew, Dandriff, Puftules,
Ring-worms, Tettars, Scabs, and all other Cuti-
cular Defilements, being anointed upon the parts
afteUed morning and night. Tents alfo being dipt
therein heaL not only green Wounds, but likewife
Old Sores and running Ulcers. They help all
forts of cold and hard dwellings in any part,

and are effectual to reltore contrafted or ftirunk
up Sinews, if not of very long ftanding.

XXIV. The Cofmetick. It is made oj the Juice
mixed with Camphir made into Ponder, with a little
Spirit 0} Wine, and Ponder of Borax. It cleanfes
the Face and other parrs of the Skin from Freckle?
Tanning, Sunburning,' and other difcolorines
Morphew, Leprofie, Pimples, Scabbinefs, and o-
ther like breakings out.

XXV. The Cat aplaftn of the Green Herb. Ap.

plied to a Carbuncle or Plague Sore, it has been
found by Experience, to difeufs or maturate and
break it in fome (hort time, it difeuffes cold and
hard Tumors, and being applyed does in a (here
time loofen and draw forth any Splinter, Thorn
broken Bone, or fuch other like things, which mav
Itick.and lye in. the fle(h. 1

XX VI. The Difi/led Water. It has the Virtues
ot the .Juice, Effence, Decoaion or Infufion, but
nothing near fo powerful as they be, and there-
rote may be taken a quarter or hall a Pint at a time
fweetned with the Syrup of the Herb , but it is
molt ufed as a Vehicle.

XXVII. The spirituous Tintture. It is Alexi-
pharmick, relifts Poifon, ftrengthens the Heart re-
vives the Spirits, and comforrs the Univerfal frame
of the Body. Dofe 2 Drams, mixt with fome of
the Syrup.

. T,kAc‘ MTwffure. Ir prevails again#

the Poifon ot Venomous Creatures, Bitings of
Mad Dogs, the malignity of the Plague or Pefti-
lence,and all forts of Malign and Peftilential Fevers •
it is a Angular thing alfo again# Afthma’s, Coughs’
and all other difeafes of the Breft and Lungs pro-
ceeding from Obftru&ions, Colds, Blows, and the
like. It refills Vomiting, cleanfes and ftrengthens
me Stomach, and caufes a good Appetite, and a
ftrong Digeflion. Dofe fo much at a rime as to
make the Drink, Wine, Liquor, or Vehicle grate-
fully pleafant.

XXIX. The Saline Tinffure. It is chiefly ufed
in all Defcedations of the Skin, abforbing rhe acrid
and acid humors, cleanfing, drying, and healing
the lame, and fo reftoring the Skin to its prifline
Smoothnels, Softnefs, Whirenels, and Beauty, by
only Bathing therewith Morning and Night.

SCALLIONS, fee Onions, Chap. 529.
SCAR-WORT, /^Dittander French Chap. 217.
SCAB-WORT, fee. Elecampane. Chap. 243.
SCARIOLE, fee. Endive. Chap 244.
SCIATICA'GR ASS, y?<?,Crefs- Wild. Chap. 167.

CHAP. DCXXVII.

Of SCORP IO N HERB,

OR,

CATERPILLERS.

THE Karnes. Tho’ it fcarcely appears whe-
ther the Ancient Greeks knew any thing of
this Plant, yer our Modern Herbarifls have given
it the Greek Name, Sa^cei/ir, in La tine, Scor-
pioides: and in Englilh, Scorpion Herb , Scorpion
Grafs , and Caterpillers.

II. The Kinds. There are various forts of this
Plant, viz. 1 . Scorpwides major , Scorpioides bu-

pleurifolio major Lcbelij , great Scorpion Grafs, or
rough Caterpillers. 2. Scorpioides minor , Scorpioi-
des bupleurifolia minor , the lefler Scorpion Grafs or
Caterpillers. 3. Scorpioides bupleurifolia plunbm

Corniculk

1027

Chap .627. EngUjh Herbs.

Comic ul it af peris, Scorpioides b up I cur if oli a r opens
Lobelij, fmall ordinary Caterpillers with many
Cods : fome, as Guilandmus , Anguilara , bauhinus
and Ctfalpinus , will have this to be Telephium Di-
of cor ides, but Uodonjzus was of another opinion.
4. Scorpioidcs Bupleurifolio filiquk lenibus , lmooth
Codded lmall Caterpillers. 5. Scorpioides Mat-
tbioli, Scorpioidcs Portulaae folio ,% Matthiolus his
Scorpion Grafs with Purflane like Leaves. 6. My-
ofotis Scorpioides paluftris. Water Scorpion Grafs.
7. My of otis Scorpioidcs arvenfis , Moufe Ear Scor-
pion Grafs.

T/ae Descriptions:

III. The firlt or great Scorpion Grafs, or rough
Caterpillers. Its Roots arc fault and fibrous , pe-
rifhing every fear. It is but a fmall low Plant ,
with Branches lying upon the Ground , which have
fometbing long , broad and hard Leaves growing
thereon from among which come forth fmall Stalks ,
bearing at their ends for the mofl part , two fmall
pale ycllowifh flowers , like unto Tares or Vetches ,
but fmall cr, which turn into Writhed or Crooked rough
Cods , pretty thick, round, and white , and not Jo
much t uni dor wound together as thofe of the J mailer
next following in which are contained brownifh
yellow Seed, much like unto a Mcdica.

<3 IV. The fecond, or lelfer Scorpion Grafs, or
letter Caterpillers. This in its Roots, Branches,
Leavesy Stalks, flowers and Seed , is much like the
former, faving that it is every way lefs : but in
this the Cods are more Writhed or Crooked, much
flenderer and rounder, and more wound or turned
together than thofe of the greater , yet not cloftng
like unto Snails, but blacker and more like unto a
Caterpiller than the former.

V. The third, or fmall ordinary Caterpillers with
many Cods. The Root is Annual and very Stringy.
This fmall Caterpiller grows in the fame manner
with trailing long Branches as the fir ft fmall rough
fort does. The Leaves are likcwife of a frefh green
Color, and of the fame fafhion, but fomewhat leffer.
The flowers alfo are fmall, and of a deep fellow,
four or five oftentimes {landing together, which are
of the fame largenefs and fafhion with the other, on-
ly this has as many Crooked Cods together as there
are flowers.

VI. The fourth or fmooth Codded fmall Qter-
pillers. 'This is in all things like the former fort
faving that it 'has feldom two flowers together on a
Stalk, and the Caterpillers whiefy follow as few be-
ing Crooked and Winding- in the •■very f ame manner
and fmall and fmooth without any rough.ncfs at all
upon them, and of the fame pale brown Color.

VII. The fifth or Matthiolus his Scorpion Grafs
with Purflane like Leaves. Its Ryot is. long and fi-
brous perifhing Yearly. It has fever al upright pale
green Stalks, with pale green Leaves fet thereon
each of which is fometbing long, broad, and round
pointed, like a Purflane Leaf , fometimes having two
fmall Leaves joined together at the bottom of the
greater , and oftentimes in many without them. At
the Tops of the Stalks, and out at the joints like-
wife, come forth fmall pale yellow flowers, much
refembling thofe of Medica or Snail Clover Grafs.

Af ter which follow fmall long J, lender and Crooked
Horns, fmall at the end , jointed or parted as it
were, all the length of it, fometbing refembling
the long Crooked Cods of the Colutffi Scorpioides,
but that this is more confpicuoufly jointed, and of
a pale Color, within which, lye J mall long whit ijb
yellow Seed.

•

Scorpion Herb.

VIII. Thu fifth kind , becaufe it has fome refem-
0 lance of Teafe, and therefore called by fonts Sr.j-
pioides Legumniofa, as Gerard fays, is by him t ns
defer ibed. It has fmall and tender Koors like fmall
Threads. Jr has many Branches, weak and render
Trailing upon the Ground, if there is nothing tor
it to tafe hold of with its Clafping and-Qooked
beed Veilels; otherwife it rampeth upon whatfo-
ever is near unto it. Its Leaves are few and lmall
The Flowers very litrl*. and yellow of Color. And
the Seed follows little and b'lackjfh, contained
m little Cods like unto a Storpions Tai#>

IX. The fixth or Water Scorpion Grafs. This

grows in almoft every Shallow gravelly running
Stream, having Leaves like to Brooklime. The
Flowers grew at the Top of tender Fat green Stalks
of a Blew Color , and fount hues with a foot of yellow
among the blew, and the whole Branch of Flowers
does turn it felf round like a Scorpions Tail. There
is another fpecies of this Water Plant, which hot
Leaves like unto Anagalis aquacica, or IF, iter Chick-
weed, having like Jlender Stalks and Branches at
the former?, and the Flowers not unlike, faving that
theje. are of a Watcher or light blew Color, fometbing
bigger and laid more open, mbereby-ibe yellow foot
is feen. ' ’ J1

•> ^ IWentTr,- or Moufe Ear Scorpion Grafs

It a Root which conffis of a Buff of /mail Fi-

bres or Strings, b has rough and hairy Leaves of
an Overworn ruffet Co/or. The Flowers grow upon
weak feeble rough Branches, as Is all tie reft of the
Plant. And they grow likewfe for the mot) part on
one fide of the Stalk of a blew Color with a little
fpot of yellow on the fame, turning themfelves round
backwards, not much unlike the Tail of Scorpion
There is another Jort of this fpecies, much like this
now defer, bed, ca/ledMy . Tot is Scoroioides repens ■
in which the Flowers are thicker thrujl together, and
do not Grow all upon one fide aa the forme r do ■

1028 Salmon' s herbal. Lib. 1

clfb p.-iri of 1 1 flowers an- view, and part Purple ,
confufedh ■ mixed together. Gerard.

xi. The p/accs. The Native places of the two
firff are unknown, but with us they grow only in
Gardens The third and fourth were brought out
of 'Spain by ties!, and grow Wild both in their
M i enured f ields and Vineyards, and with us in
Gardens. The fifth grows not Wild in England :
but Gerard fays he had Seed of the firff and fifth
from beyond Sea, by which they are now diiperled
thro3 England, and are efteemed for the beauty of
their blowers, and ffrangenefs of their Crooked
Cods relembling Caterpillers. The fixth grows in
Waters and (hallow running Streams in many part*
of this Kingdom. The feventh, grovys for the
molt part upon dry, gravelly and barren D.itch
Banks, and other like barren places in many - parts
of this Kingdom.

XII. ThcTimes. They Flower in Ju^ewA July ,
and their Seed ripens in the. mean leafon, or in
ffime little time after.

XIII. The Qualities. They feem to be Tempe-
rate mrefpeft to Heat, Cold, Drynefs or Moifture;
Abtterlive, Vulnerary and Alexipharmick.

XIV. The Specification. Authors aferibe but
few Virtues to them, being much of the Nature of
the Medow Trefoils. Yet they are faid toremedy
the Hinging of Scorpions, the bitings of Serpents
and other Venomous Creatures, and heal green
Wounds.

XV. T be Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1 ■ A Juice. %. A De coition in Wine.
3. An Ointment. 4. A Cataplafm.

' The Virtues.

XVI. The Juice of the Herb. Drank to the
quantity of 3 or 4 Ounces, it is good againlf the
birings of Serpents, or other Venomous Bealls,
being repeated Morning and Evening, fo long as
need requires.

XVII. The Decollion in Wine. It has the lame
Virtues, and may be taken to half a Pint or more,
Morning and Night.

XVIII. T be Ointment. !t is made ot the Juice
or green Herb, with Oil, Wax, and a proportional
quantity ol Gum Elcmi. Ir is good todifeufs Sim-
ple Contufions, and to heal green Wounds being

applyed. ' , .. ,

XIX. The CatMligfm. It is made of the green
Leaves being beaten in a Marble or Wooden Mor-
tar Being applyed upon the place liurr, at is
faid to be a prelent Remedy againlf the flinging
of Scorpions.

CHAP DCXXVIII.

1. Cochlearia Vulgaris , Cochlear 1a Marina , Cochlea-
ria Ang/icana , Sea Scurvy Grafs ; or, Our Com-
moil or Englifh Scurvy Grafs. 2. Cochlearia ro-
tundifoliu Cochlearia hortenfu ; Cochlearia Belgica ■
Telephium Lacunt , Cochlearia rotundifolia major ,
Our Great Garden or Dutch Scurvy Grafs. 3. Coch-
learia rotundifolia minor Small Dutch Scurvy
Grafs.

T he Defcriptions.

III. The firff. Or Sea Scurvy Grafs, Or Our
Common or Englifh Scurvy Grafs. It has a Jhort
thick Root , replenijhed wish a great many fibres , even
to a Bujh as it were of White Strings , which Stick
deep in the Mud, in which it chiefly delights to
grow 5 yet it will jlourijh very well in the more
upland and dryer grounds. Tajhng a little Brackijh
even there, though nothing fo much as where it
has the Salt Water to Aoanjh it. It has many
thick fat Leaves more long than broad, and fome-

Scurvy-Grafs Common, or Sta .

Of SCURVY GRASS:

0 R,

SPOON - WORT.

I /-| she Names. This Plant was unknown to
1 the Ancient Greeks and Latines : but our
Moderns have called it Cochlearia ffron^the form
ot its Leaf) and in Englifh Scurvy Grafs and

Spoon-wort. , c

II The Kinds. There are feveral bpecies ot
this Plant-, but thefe three following are chief.

times longer and narrower fometimes alfo fmooth
on the edges , and at other times a little Waved
for in all thefe forms it is to be feen , as aljo
plain, fmcoth, and pointed , and fometimes a little
hollowed in the middle and round pointed , of c
fad green color , and fometimes a little brownifh ,
every Leaf f landing by its felf \ upon a long foot
Stalk , which is greenijh or brewndifh alfo-, from
among which Leaves, rife up fmall fender Stalks,
having a few Leaves thereon like the other , but
longer and leffer for the moft part. At the Tops
whereof grow many whitifh flowers , with yellow
Threds in the middle, ftanding about a green head,
which becomes the Seed Vefcel, and will be fome~

what

Chap. 628. Englijb Herbs.

what flat when it is ripe , very like unto fame
of the kinds of Thlafpi or Treacle Muftard ,
wherein is contained reddijh J, 'mall Seed, T a fling
fo me thing hot.

IV. The fecond, or Our great Garden or Dutch
Scurvy Grals. It has a Root which is finally white ,
and Thready , from which rife up fever al frefh ,
green , and almojl round Leaves , nothing fo thick
as the former , yet in fome places , viz. in a rich
and well dunged or manured Ground , they will
be very large , even twice as big as in others ,
not at all dented about the edges , nor with any

Scurvy Grafs Garden or Dutch .

fenftble bollownefs to be perceived in the middle
every one of them funding alfo upon a long fool
Stalk. From among thefe rtfe up divers lone
Jlender, weak Stalks , higher than the former and
with a greater fore of fmall white Flowers at
their Tops, which convert into Jmaller Pods, 'and
Smaller bromnijh Seeds than the former. ' The
Tajle of this Plant it not Salt or brackijh at all
but has an hot Aromtick Tajle almojl like
Spice.

V. The third, Or fmall Dutch Scurvy Grafs. Its
Root is very final j confifling of a few Fibres ,
which perifh as foon as it has perfefled its Seed.
It grows like the lafl , with many finally roundijh
Leaves, fometimes a little Crumpled at the edges,
not bigger than the Nail of ones little Finger,
every one growing upon its own foot Stalk, which
abide all the Winter, if it is Sown before Winter ,
or that it is rifes up of its own Sowing : other-
wife, if it is Sown in the Springs it fhoots forth
divers long, Jlender Stalks lying on the Ground,
a foot long or better , on which grow fuch like
fmall round leaves , very thinly Jet, up to their
Tops, zvhereon do grow many fmall White Flowers,

J02p

like to the lafl but much fmaller, according to
the proportion of the Plant, with fmall Seed art-
Jweiao/e thereto. This mill fpring up a^ain if
the Seed be Suffered to died, or Sow It fe/f in
the fame place, towards the latter end' of
Summer or before Winter: and do what you
can almojl -, ,f you will gather any ripe Seed there -

gatlellt bt f0m 0i " Jhed' befcre y°u can

Th 1 fa F/jCis' 1. The fir11 Srows along on the
IhamcsTide, on both the EJJex and Kentijh (hares,
item f Voolwtch where the Water begins to b!

a I(gnd about the Sea Coalt to Dover
and alfo from Dover round about the Coaft to
Portjmoutb, and even to Brijlol, where it is to
be had m great plenty. It has not been ob-
served yet to grow on our Northern (liores
but on many other places on the Weftern Coaft
I he fecond or our Garden Scurvy Grafs, grows
in the Marlhes in Holland in Lincolnshire and
m many places thereabouts by the Sea fide It
grows by the Sea fide at hull, at Bojlon, and at
ln ■*Korf°lk, and in feveral place in Lin-
colnjhtre, as in Whapload , and Holbcck Marfhes
in the fame County. It has been found of late
growing many Miles from the Sea fide, as upon
a great Hill in Lancashire called Ingleborough
Hill ; (one of the highelt Hills in England) but
indeed it will grow in any Soil, Place or Cli-
mate whatfoever. It is faid to grow alfo near
to a Cattle in the Peak in Derbyjhire, full 30
Miles from the Sea j but it is now Sown in
molt Gardens (for its ufefulnefs) throughout the
Kingdom , it will grow in Moift and Cold
Ihadowy places, and yet will profpet very well
tn the Sun alfo- and in many upland Countries
or this Land, it is Sown in great Quantities
not only for the peoples own Spending but to
leu toothers for Profit: And in our Gardens it
nouriihes, and bring forths its Seed, as Natu-
rally as by the Sea fide, and retains the fame
hot and Spicy Tafte, which fhews that it re-
tules no place of growing, as many other Mari-
time Plants will. The third grows in the Lvw-
Loun tries, but profpers well enough in Our Gar-
dens, if Planted or Sown therein.

V IX The Times. They all Flower early in
the Year, as in April, and many times in May
and their Seed is ripe not long after, as in June,
and the latter end of May.

VIII. The Vitalities. It is hot and dry in the
lourth degree, plentifully ltoiSd with a Mercurial
Volatile Spirit, and both a Volatile and fixt Salt
whereby it becomes Aperitive, Abftetfive, Attra-
thve, Cofmetick, Digeftive, Difcuflive, and Diure-
tick, Stomatick PeSora!, Hepatick, Splenetick
and Hyiterick ; Emmenagogick, Sudoririck, and
Alexipharmick.

IX. The Specification. It is peculiar for curing
the Scurvy in a cold habit of body , with all
its Symptoms; it opens obftruftions of the Liver
Spieen and Womb, Cures the Palfie, and all
forts ol Sores and Ulcers in the Mouth and
cleanfes the Skin of Spots, Scurff, Morphew and
other like defilements thereof.

X. The Preparations. You may make there-
from. 1. A Liquid Juice or Effence. 2. A Diet
brink. 3. An lnfu/ion or DecoSion in Wine or

a A Confenx- T K T Mure. 6. A
Dijtilled Water. 7. A Simple Spirit. 8. A pur°ing
Spirit. 9. A jixed Salt. Where Note, thac the
Garto Sony Grafs is the ltrongeft and molt
effectual to the purpofes intended and that which
is molt ufed.

The

io^o Salmon’/

The Virtues.

XI. The Liquid Juice or Effence. It miy be
taken from one to two Spoontuls or more, evfcry
morning falling, in a Glafs of Ale, Beer, or
Wine, for the Cure of the Scurvy ; it cleanfes
the blood, open alt obltruSions ot the Liver,
Spleen and Womb, requires, warms and comforts
the Stomach, caufes a good Appetite and Dige-
Uion is good agrinft Surfeits, and takes away
the Swelling, Pain, and hardnefs of the Spleen,
and is profitable for fuch as are fubjeft to, or
troubled with Botches, Boils, Scahs, Scurff, Mor-
phew, or other defilements, from the Corruption or
PutrifiitVion of the blood.

XII- T he Diet Drink. Take Juice of Garden
Scurvy Grafs five Pints: Juice of Angelica , a
Pint : Burdock Roots , half a Pound : Horfe Radijh
Roots 4 Ounces , all Bruifcd or thin Jhaved : Mu-
fiard Seed Bruifcd , Coriander Seed Bruifed , of
each 4 Ounces : C/ovcs Bruifcd , Nutmegs thin
diced, of each half an Ounce: Tcttove of Orange
Peels ’ cleared front the While 3 Ounces : Choice
Sena 4 Ounces : New Ale Ten Quarts. Put the
Juices firft into the Ale -, then pur all the other
'ingredients into a long clofe knit Net Bag, with
a Stone in it, which put alfo into the Ate. Let
them work together, and after two days let the
Patient drink of it, a Pint (or lefs according to
Circumlhnces) at a time Morning and Evening,
Squeezing into every Draught as it is Drank the
Juice of a Scvil or Sotnre Orange. The Recipe
may be repeated with frefh Ingredients, 3 or 4
times Spring and Fall, according as necellity may
require. It has all the Virtues of the Juice and
Effence aforenamed, and is a mod excellent thing
to cleanle the Blood of all its defilements, which
it many times manifefts in various forts of break-
ings out in the Flefii and Skin.

XIII. The Infufion or Decptlion. They may be
made in W'ine or Water, or in half Wine, half
Water-, but made with White Port or Lisbon
Wines they are bell. They have the Virtues of
the Juice or Effence, but not altogether fo power-
ful but are good tor the Cure of the Scurvy in a
cold Conltitution. If the Infufion or Deco&ion
be mixed with an equal part of the Juice or
Effence, and then very well fweetned with Honey,
it makes a molt excellent Gargariltm for th»
healing of Sore Mouths and Throats , and curing
of the Scurvy in the Mouth and Gums.

XIV. The Conferve. It is made of the round
or Garden Kind (which is much the more pre-
ferable fort) according to the ufual Method. It
is a delicate Medicine for weak and tender Sto-
machs, and for fuch as are over-run with the
Scurvy, and are apt to be lick in a Morning,
or alter Eating, or cannot digelt their Food : It
caufes a good Appetite, and has alt the Virtues
of the Juice and Effence aforegoing.

XV. The Tinlfure. It is made of the Gteen
Herb, by digeiting it in Spirit of Wine, either
fxmple ot acuated with Spirit of Salt or Sul-
phur. It is a potent thing againll the Scurvy
in a cold Conltitution, as alio for the Cure of
the Palfie, and reiloring of Paralytick Members.
It gives eafe in the pains of the Stomach, Liver,
and Spleen, and in the Colick proceeding from
Wind and iharp humors. Dole half a Spoonful
to a Spoonful in a Glafs of Wine, or Wine mixt

Herbal. Lib. L

with Water, morning and nighr, or upon point of
Extremity.

XVI. The Diflilled Water. Take Garden Scurvy
Grafs 30 Pounds: Horfe Radijh Roots cut into'
thm fhces 6 Pounds . Pair Water 3 Gallons : w-
fufc Warm for Twenty Four Hours , then draw
off 3 Gallons of Water. Bate’s Pharm. This ought
to have a different diflillation from that of Aro-
maticks: for as Scurvy Grafs, OV. abounds witli
more Volatile Spirits, and more Volatile Salts,
fo it admits of lefs Fermentation ; and therefore
ought to have a proper Menftruum (if ftronger
than Water, as Perry, Mead, not fowre or
hard, Sfc.) which may attraft, diffolve, and join
with the Effential parts of the Ingredients, and
carry them along with it in Diftillation, without
changing their Natures and Virtues. It is effen-
tially good againll the Scurvy, Dropfy, Gout and
Stone, or any Tartarous Concretions in the Reins
or Bladder, as alfo againll the Colick, Rheutna-
tifm, Surfeits and other like general diieafes
which hardly admit of auy lingular Name or
Denomination. Dofe one Ounce or more in a
Glafs of Ale.

XVII. The Simple Spirit. Take Garden Scurvy

Grafs as much as you pleafe, which cut or fined
in pieces, put the fame into a Copper Vefica T inn’ A
within, and ufftffc thereon Rhenijh, White Port
While Lisbon, or Madera Wane, fo much as may
over-top the Ingredients four or five Inches di-
geft 24 Hours, and diftill through a Serpentine
or Worm, with a very gentle PUT, that the Spi-
rituous and Volatile parts may afeend, continuing
the Diflillation, till the falling Drops are almcjl
infipid. To this Water put the fame Quantities
of the Ingredients again in like manner, with
the former Quantity of Wine, digefi and diftill a-
gain as aforefaid, repealing this Diflillation with
frefh Herbs only, fo long til I the Spirit is firong
enough. This done, reitifie the Spirit in Balneo
keeping that which is rep/eat with Sulphur and
Volatile Salt, and afeends Jirfl , a part by it felf.
Then continue the Diflillation, till the Drops are al-
mofl infipid, which is alfo a Spirituous Water
and keep that by its felf. This Spirir, and Water
have all the Virtues of the former diliilled Wa-
ter. The Water may be given in the fame Dofe
in Wine, Ale, or other proper Vehicle; but the
firft Volatile Spirit is to be given in Drops onlv
from 20 to ;o, once or twice a day. ’

XVIII. Another way to make this Simple spirit
of Scurvy Graf's. It is made of Garden Scurvy Grafs
whilli in F lower, fermented, or not fermented
then diflilTmg it in an Alembick with its Worm-
that which comes firft, fave by it felf for Spirit':
what follows is only Scurvy Grafs Water. Some
make this Simple or plain Spirit thus. Take
Proof Spirit a fufficicnt quantity , put into it as
much Scurvy Grafs as it can contain : digefl 3
or 4 Hours , then dijhl in an Alembick with its
Worm, faving the firft half or draught for Spirit :
and what comes after for Scurvy Grafs Water.
Another way of making Simple Spirir of Scurvy
Grafs. Take frefh and large Garden Scurvy
Grafs when in Flower, as much as you ple.je,
Bruife it- melt in a Mortar , then put it into
a Wooden Vejfel ; affufe thereon fo much Water
as may cover it-, add to it 2 or a, handfuls of Salt,
and a little Left, and let it ferment a day or two,
and fo diftil it in a Copper Alembick Tinnd
within, faving the firft running by it fe/f for
the true Spirit, which you may diftill again from
freft Scurvy Grafs, faving the firft running as
before, fo will you have a very jlrong Effential

Spirir

Chap. 6 29. E nglijh 'Herbs . 103 1

S/wrf of Scurvy Grafs. But Ro/fincius dillikes
this way by Fermentation , and makes it thus.
Tike Ji eJh Garden Scurvy Grafs as much as you
f leafs , bniife it grojsfy, gently and fpcedily , add
to it Generous White Wine (not fermenting it be-
fore hand , by which means there is much of the
Volatile Spirit lof ) and draw off the Spirit in
an Alembick according to Art , feparating the Oil,
if any be found fupertuting. The Spirit he Ex-
hibits in any proper Vehicle. The Oil he mixes
with Sugar and makes thereof an EUo-faccharum
Cochlearnt , which may be given infmall Dofe and
in a proper Vehicle for the fame purpofes for
which the Spirit is given, but they are only
to be adminittred to people of a Cold and Moift
Conftirution ; in a hot habit of Body, they will
pur ail into a dame.

XIX. The true way of making this ftmple Spi-
rit. Take Leaves and Viewers of Garden Scurvy
(Jrafs , as much as you pleafe , Bniife them, and
make litem up into Balls (like thofe of Wood,
which Dyers ufe ) or being Bruifed , put it into
an Earthen Jar , preffing it in ; upon which affufe
ftrong Scurvy Grafs jfffater, or rather , Scurvy
Grafs ffine' made of the Juice of Scurvy Grafs ,
fo much as may fupernate four or five Inches ::
flop all with a Cork , and lute it firmly for three

. or four days J then put all into an Alembick with
'its Hoad and Worm, drawing off fir ft the Spirit ,
and then the Water according to Art : which re-
tlify in a G/afs Cucjpdtit-, fo will the pure fib-
til and Volatile Spirit afeend firft, which keep by
it [elf in a Glafs clofe Stopr. The remaining
Water you may draw off to drynefs, to make
frelh Spirit with all. The Dofe of any of thefe
are from 20, to 30, 40, or 50 Drops (as Cir-
cumftances and necelftty may require) for the
Cure of a Cold Scurvy , Palfie , Tremblings ,
Numbnefs of the Limbs, Lethargy, Cachexia,
Uc. having all the Virtues of the former ftmple
Spirit and Water at Self. XVI. and XVII'. afore-
going.

XX. The Purging Spirit. Or Golden Spirit
of Scurvy Grafs fo called. Take of the befi
Spirit of Wine 24 Pounds : jrefh Garden Scurvy
Grafs whiljl in blower, fo much as may fill the
Spirit : digr/1 twelve hours, and then dijhll off
the one half. With this Spirit and the Rofin of
Scammony or of Jalap (ext railing the TinUure
and fill crating) you may prepare Spiritual Cqch-
leariat purgantem, the Purging Spirit of Scurvy
Grafs . Or thus. Take of fome of the former
Simple Spirit of Scurvy Grafs 4 Pounds : Ponder
of Scammony fix Ounces or in place thereof P cru-
der of Jalap 9 or 10 Ounces ; digejl in a warm
fund only, or in a very gentle Balneo, in a large
Bolt head, fo long till you fee the TinHure grow
very Red , which decant and keep for ufe. It is
highly Antifcorbutick, Antiparalytick, Antilethar-
gick, Splenetick, hnd Diaphoretick, making fixt
and crude ihumors Volatile, and refilling putrifa-
flion. It is profitable againft Hypochondriack
Melancholy, Rheumatilm, Gout, and other Tar-
tirous Difeafes. It deftroys Acidities and pre-
vails againft obftruftions of Liver, Spleen, Reins
and Womb, comforting and reftoring thofe parts.

It is not to be given to fuch as abound with Cho-
ler, or are of a hot Conllitution, but only to grots
bodys of a cold and moift habit, much abounding
with humors. Dofe 20, 30, or 40 Drops, or,
mote, in the morning fatting, In Ale, Beer, or
Wine , or fome other proper Vehicle. Where
Note, that in this latter prefeription of the
purging Spirit, we ufe the Drugs themfelves,

, inftead of their Extrafts or Refins, which is much
Cheaper, and full as well, confidering the Spirit
is fully ftrong enough, to extraft the Tinfttire.

XXL The Fixed Salt. It is made of the
Allies according to the ufual or common way.
It enters into the Mafs of Blood and Lymph a,
depurates or cleanfes them, makes them thin’
pure, and Limpid, facilitates the Circulation,
ltrengthens the Stomach, caufes a good Appetite
and Digeftion, opens Obttruflions of the Lungs,
though obdurate, diflolves Tartar and Gravel in
the Reins, and Bladder, and is excellent againft
the Scurvy, Cachexy, Dropfie, Palfie, Lethargy,
Jaundice, and Gout, opens Obftruflions of the
Stomach, Liver, and Spleen, and is profitable a-
gainft the molt Vehement Colick , and other
pains of the Bowels. Dofe from 10 Grains to
20 or '0,0 in any proper Vehicle, morning and
night.

SEDGE, fee Burre-Reed. Chap. 593.

SEGGS, or SKEGGS. fee Flag-Water. Chap. 2 66.
SEGGRON, fee Rag-Wort. Cbap. 587.

CHAP. DCXXIX.

Of S E L F - H E A L.

I. r I ''HE Names. This Plant was generally un-
X known to the Ancient Greek and Latine
Authors^ but our Modern writers call it Prunella
(from the German Name Brunella , or Brunellen. \
becaufe it cures that Difeafe which they call die
Bruen , which is an Inflamation in the Mouth
Throat, and Tongue, with blacknefs therein, ac-
companied for the moft part with a Burning Fe-
ver, common to Soldiers in Camps and Garifons.)
It is alio called Confolida minor , and Solidago mi-
nor ; Confolida minima Camerarij ; in Englilh Self-
Heal.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral Species of
this Plant, but thofe which are to be found with
us are thefe three, viz. i . Prunella Vulgaris Tragi ;
Brunella Brunfelfij , Dodonai , Cf Lobelij , Our
common Self-Heal. 2. Prunella Vulgaris flore al-
bo , Self-Heal with a White Flower. 3. Prunella
laciniato folio Bauhini , Symphytum petreeum Lobelij
Self-Heal with Jagged Leaves.

T be Defer iptions.

III. The firft, or Our common Self-Heal. Its
Root confifls of many Strings or Fibres running
downwards ; and fpr ending fideways under Ground
whereby it encreafes. The [mail Stalk , with the
the Leaves creeping upon the Ground fhoot forth
Fibres , which take hold of the Earth , by which
pneans it is made a great Tuft in a little time.
It is a fmall low creeping herb , having many fmall
jnd fomething round yet pointed Leaves , fome-
what like the Leaves of Wild Mint , of a dark
green color, without any Dents on the Edges at
all , or very feldom : from among which rife up
divers fquare hairy Stalks , fcarcely a foot high ,

which

10^2 Salmon/

Self-Heal, or Prunella.

which fpread [ometimes into Brunches, with divers
fuch Jmall Leaves Jet thereon, up to the Tops,
where Hand brown fpiked heads, of many Jmall
brownijh Leaves like fcales, and flowers Jet toge-
ther, almoft like the heads oj Statchas or Caflidony,
which flowers are gaping and of a blewifh purple,
or more pale blew color, and in fome places [mel-
ting [meet, tho ’ not Jo in Jome others.

IV. The iecond, or Self-Heal with a White
Flower. This differs little or nothing from the
former , neither in its Root, Stalk, Leaves, Branches,
p/owers , Seeds, Magnitude, nor in its manner
and form of growing, Jtrving that in this the
Jmall fcales of Leaves are not brown , but green,
the flower is of a pure white color ; and it en-
creajes or fpreads not Jo much.

V. The third, or jagged Leav’d Self-Heal. The
Root is long with many litres or Strings, and
encreajes by the jhooting of its firings, which put
forth frejh Leaves every Lear. The Stalks are
likewife fjuare and hairy, as the Leaves arc,
which grow thereon, by couples at the Joints, the
lowed of which are long and whole, without any
cut or jagg in them -, all the rejl being longer
and narrower, are cut in or jagged on the J ides ,
and the higher Leaves more divided or Cut. The
heads are like tbofe of the JtrJI common fort, and
of the fame form and magnitude, but varying in
color as the former forts do ; for fome plants are
found with purplijh flowers, others more dilated,
like blew, fome between blew and white, like an
fljh color , and others all together White.

VI. The Places. The firll and fecond are found
jn Woods and Fields every where almoft through-
out all England. The third grows naturally up-
on Rocks , Stoney Mountains and Gravelly
Grounds, and is found alfo on many Hills apd
Mountainous Places in feveral Parts of Prance an3
Germany.

Herbal . Lib. 1.

VII. The Times. The two fill flower in April,
May, and June, Gerard fays, for the molt part
all the Summer long. The lalt, later than the other
two, as molt Mountain Herbs do, viz. in June and
July, the Seeds of them all ripening in the mean
lealon.

VIII. The Qualities. Self-Heal is Temperate
in rel'peft to Heat or Coldnefs, Drynefs or Moi-
fture, yet rather enclining to Drynefs, Abfterfive
a little Aftringent, and Ttaumatick or Vulnerary. ’

IX. The Specification. It cures Sore Mouths
and Throats, and the burning difeafe in rhe Throat
at the Root of the Tongue, called Prune/la-
Hops bleeding, and cleanfes and heals all forts
of Wounds and Ulcers whether inw ard or outward

X. The Preparations. You may make there-
from. i. A Juice or Efface oj the Herb. o. A
DecoUion in Wine orrWater. 3. A Mixture.
4. An Ointment. ;. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

XI. The Juice or Effence. The. Juice is good
to heal thatSorenefs in the Throat or Root of the
Tongue, called Prunella, by gargling the Mouth and
Throat therewith, and fwuUowing’fome of the
Decotlion down ; but becaufe there, is a fevere
Inflamation in the Mouth and Throat, with a
roughnefs, or ruggednels and blacknefs of the
Tongue, and a hot burning Fever withall, they com-
monly bleed under the Tongue with the ufe of
thefe means, without which the Cure is fcarcely
effetled. It is good for inward Wounds and
Bruifes, diffolves congealed Blood, and opens ob-
(truttions of the Liver and Spleen. The Effence
has the fame Virtues, Hops Fluxes of Blood in
any Wound or Part, and cleanfes whether in-
ward or outward, and caufes them to heal.
Dofe of either 3 or 4 Spoonfuls, morning, noon,
and night.

XII. The LAecoUion in Wine or Water. It is
ufed as an Excellent Wound Drink; andHs good to
heal the Prunella in the Throat, and other Ul-
cers in the Mouth, Gums and Tongue, as alfo all
Wounds inward or outward, being inwardly ta-
ken, and outwardly uled as a Walh or Gargle,
or as an injection into hollow Lllcers and H
ftifta’s, and fo caufes them fpeedily to be heal-
edr; it cures inward Wounds, Pricks, or Stabbs
into the Body or Bowels, opening the obltru-
ftions of the Vifcera, and llrengthning the parts

XIII. The Mixture. It is made, 1. With the
Juice or Effence m'ixt with Honey of Rofes,
This ufed as a Gargle, it cleanfes and heals all
Sores and Ulcers, in the Mouth and Throat; and
as a Walh it heals Ulcers in the fecret parts,

2. Made with the Juice and Oil of Rojes : it is
good to anoint the Temples and Forehead with
to eale pain and Cure the Heatl-Ach, and flop
defluxions into the Eyes. 3. The Juice mixed
with IV me Vinegar, and fome of the Decotlion it
makes a good Gygle for a Sore Throat, Tongue,
Mouth, and Gums; and eafes all pains and In’
flamations tu/tbofe parts.

XIV. The Ointment. It is good for all forts ' '
of Single Contufions, Hurts, Sores, Wounds and'
Ulcers, in any part of the Body. It alfo helps

to confolidate broken Bones ; and itrengrhen and
confirm fuch as have been lately out of Joint,
and newly reduced. It heals alfo Sores and’
Ulcers, in the Secret parts of Mm or Woman.

XV. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Green
Leaves by beating in a Mortar. It cures Sim-
ple

Chap. 6po. Unglijh Herbs.

pie Contufions, Pains, Aches, Sore Ulcers, whe-i
rher New or Old, reprefles defluxions of humors,
as alfo their heat and Iharpnefs, flowing to any
part, abates the Inflamation, and prevents a Gan-
grene, whereby it prefently reftores the parts to
rheir Priftine health.

SENA, fee Chap.

SEN GREEN, fee Houfieek . Chap. 384.

SENVIE field , fee Muftard. Chap. 51*.
SERAPIAS-STONE , fee Orcbies flies, Chap.

(530*

SERPENTS-TONGUE , fee Adders Tongue.

(Chap. 1.

SERVICE-TREE, fee Lib. II. Chap.
SERVICE-TREE Wild, fee Lib. II. Chap.
SESAMOIDES, fee IVoad Bafiard. Chap.
SET-FOILE, fee Torment'd. Chap.

SET- WALL, fee Valerian. Chap.

SET- WALL Mountain, fee Spicknard Celtick.

(Chap.

SETTER- WORT, fee Hellebor Black. Chap. 349.
SHARE-WORT, fee Star-wort. Chap.
SHAVE-GRASS, fee Uorfe-tail. Chap. 329.

CHAP. DCXXX.

Of SHEPHERDS NEEDLE.

OR,

VENUS COMB.

I- '"T"'4B Names. It is called in Greek

X in Latine, Scandix , alio and Ac us Veneris,
Acits Paftoris, Pe3en Veneris, Acula,mA Scanaria •
and in Englilh, Shepherds Need/e and Venus Comb.

II. The Kinds. There are fereral forts of
this Plant, viz. i. Scandix Vulgaris, Peftcn
Veneris, Scanaria, Our Common Shepherds Nee-
dle. 2. Scandix Minor, Anthrifcus Plinij Ani-
fomarathum Colimne, Scandix Crctica Minor
Small Shepherds Needle. 3. Scandix Alkor
Scandix Crctica major. The Greater Shepherds
Needle. 4. Scandix altera Capite Glomerate,
round headed Shepherds Needle.

The Defcription.

III. The firlt, Or our Common Shepherds Nee-
dle. Its Root is very f. mall and fibrous or Thready
It nfes up with Several long, hard, large, green
Stalks of Leaves, much divided, and into more
parts, and of a fodder brown green color than
Uiervil, having no fmell. The Stalks grow afoot
high, bearing fmall Tufts of white flowers and
a ter them, five or fix, more or left, of long Seeds
Something round, and pointed at the ends a lit-
tle rough as if they were dented, and all A them
coming from one Head, or Umbel, with a few fmall
Leaves under them.

IV. Gerard fays, its Root is white and of a
lingers length- that it does not much differ in
the quantity of the Stalks , Leaves and Flowers
from Chervil, but has no fuch pleafant fmell as

that has-, the Leaves are leffer, more finely cut
and of a brown green color. The Flowers grow
at the tops of the Stalks in fmall white Tufts-
after which come up long Seeds very like unto
rack-Keedles, and orderly fet one by another like
the great Teeth of a Comb, from whence come

Needle’^ Peae" VenenS’ Camb’ or

iTTY- Tr° °f’t °r fn,|U ShePberds Needle.

Its Root is fmall long and white. It has feveral
Stalks of very fine cut leaiies, not bujhing thick
like the former, but more fparfed and thfn, com-
tng fomethng near to Camomil, but finer, and a
httle hairy, of a pleafant fmell and tafte ; from
among which rife up Jlender Jhort ■ Stalks foZ-

frjrih

five or fix fmall white Jljers ilofefefitlge-
ther confijhng of five Uaves apiece: inthe
middle whereof is a dark purphfh Rile ~ 1 c
longer than the reft, fleeing forth /iZ{
bhztngfiar ; after which follow long Seeds Ike the
former, but fmaller, lugger below, and enfftng l
bove ,n two fmall pomts, whofe edges are more
rough and feem more dented, and 'are aZtle
Pmpltjh as the young ones are, before they be

Zn IgZZZZZ’a fetich
*hZ\ " w>

ifiZdetZd ‘ZfiTui **»

fmall Leaves, like thofe of thefiLerf butZ
“ {‘‘“fit f«lU tad tafie, fome thing lib that If
6 Q- the

*

i0M

Salmon j 'Herbal. Lib. I.

the Common Chervil. From amongft thefe heaves ,
grow up J lender Stalks , a little hairy, divided
into jbort green and J lender Branches, carrying
at their Tops little Umbels of Flowers, confin-
ing of five,' fix, fi 'even , or eight fmall flowers,
compofed of five Leaves apiece, with a dark
purplijh Chive in the middle ; the flowers are
Jitccceded by, or rather grow up, with long fen-
der Cods, of about an Inch long , refientbling
thofe of the firft kind. Clufius Jays, it flowers
in June, and that he received it from Honorius
Bellus out of Candy, who writes that there, in
the Spring time, it is much ufed in Sallets •, and
this Plant he takes to be Anthrifcus Plinij, by
which Name Clufius Jets it forth-, and Colnmna
calls it Anifomarathium, becaufe its fmell is be-
tween that of Anifc and Fennel.

VII. The third, or greater Shepherds Needle.
Its Root is long, fmall and Fibrous. It has a
Gelled J. 'mall Stalk, a Cubit high, parted into
divers Branches, a little hairy at the very joints,
having its lower leaves broad, and fomemat
round, divided much like to the leffer Burnet
Saxifrage, one fet oppofite \to another, J landing
upon long Foot Stalks, which together with the
heaves are a little hairy-, but thofe which ft and
at the joints ere much more finely cut in, and
like unto the Leaves of the firft deferibed.
The Umbels are a little fpread, and fimall, yet
greater than thofe of the firft deferibed -, which
are fucceeded by a greater fiore of long, rough,
dented and pointed Seed than the lad deferibed,
having each of them two fimall Pricks at the
end.

VIII. The fourth, or round headed Shepherds
Needle. Its Root is like that of the Wild Parf-
nep, white and of a bitter and fharp tafte. It
has Stalks of larger heaves than the Wild Car-
rot, coming fometbing near to Par fly, fimooth,
and of a Pale Green Color. Thofe which grow
at the joints of the ftalks, come forth out of a
broad Film or Skin, as it were, and as is fieen
in many Ferulous and Utttbe/iferous Plants, and
bearing at the Top a round head, of many greenifh
white threads fet clofie together.

IX. The Places. The firft grows plentifully
almoft every where in Corn-fields among Wheat
and Barly, throughout ail England. The other
three grow wild in Candy, Greece, France, Italy,
and Spain, but with us only in Gardens.

X. The 'Times. They Bower in May and
June ; and the Seed is ripe in July and Au-
guft.

XI. The Qualities. Shepherds Needle is fliarp
and bitter, and faid to be hot and dry in the
beginning of the third degree i Aperitive, Attra-
Sive, Diuretick, Hepatick, Stomatick, and Ne-

phrmck. ^ specification. It opens obftruffions
of the Stomach, Liver, Reins, and Womb,
cleanfing thofe parts; and by its Attraftive Vir-
tue, draws forth Thorns, Pricks, Splinters, and
other things flicking in the fleih.

XIII . The Preparations. You may make there-
from, i. A Liquid Juice oi Effence. 2. A
Decoction in Wine or Water. ?■ A Ponder of the
Seed. 4. jl Sallet of the fecond kind. 5. A Ca-
taplafim of the Root.

The Virtues.

XIV. The Liquid Juice or Effence'. They are
good for the Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Bowels
Reins, Bladder, and Womb. They provoke U-
rine admirably, increafe Seed and Luft, and free
the Vifccra from Obftruaions, being profitable
alfo againll the Colick. Dole 3 or 4 Spoon-
fuls in a Gials of Generous Wine, or feme 0-
ther Vehicle.

XV. The De coition in Wine or Water. It has
the Virtues of the Juice or Eflence; but being
much weaker, mult be given in a great deal
larger quantity , as from a quarter of a Pint
to half a Pint, morning and night, a little fneet-
ned with white Sugar.

XVI. The Pouder of the Seed. It is aftrin-
genr. Hops Fluxes of the Bowels, and taken
with Vinegar, it prefently (lops the Eiiccough :
and mixt with Hogs Lard and Sheeps Suet in
equal Quantities, it is faid to Cure Burnings
with Fire.

XVII. The Sallet oj the fecond kind. It breeds
Seed, provokes Luft, and excites to Venery ; yet
is faid to reftore fuch perfons as are fpent
therein, or weakned thereby : and by cleanfing
the Womb, opening its obftruffions, and ftrength-
ening the fetninal parts, it is faid to cure
Barrennefs and caule Conception . And all thefe
things do the Liquid Juice or Effence do, in
a more admirable manner, being daily taken.

XVIII. The Cataplafm of the Root. It draws
forth the fire in places burnt or fealded ;
and being applyed to parts having Thorns, Pricks,
Splinters, or other like matters gotten into the
fleih, it draws them forth.

CHAP DCXXXI.

V

Of SHEPHERDS PURSE.

I. ' I TIE Names. This Plant was unknown
X to the Greeks, at leaftwife it has no
Greek Name that we know of : but it is called
in Latine, Burfa P aft or is, and Per a Paftoris-,
by Caftor Durantes , llorba Cancri ; and by Gef-
ner, Thlajpi fatuum : and by us in Engliih,
Shepherds Purfe, and Shepherds Pouch ; and in the
North parts of England, Toy-wort, Pick-Purfe ,
and Cafe-weed.

II. The Kinds. We have growing with us,
I. Burfa P aft oris major vulgaris. Our greater
common Shepherds Purfe. 2. Burfa Paftoris
minor. Our fmall Shepherds Purfe. 3. Burfa
Paftoris major fo/ijs non finuatis, Great Shep-
herds Purfe with undented or whole Leaves.

T be Defcriptions.

III. The firft, Or our Common Greater Shep-
herds Purfe. Its Root is fmall and white, with
fame Fibres annexed to it, and perijhes after
Seed time. It fprings forth with feveral fmall
and long Leaves , fometbing deeply jagged or cut

'Englifb Herbs.

IOJ5

Chap. 63 1.

in on both files, into fever al parts <?/ a Pale
' green color. Prom among which rijes up , a
fmall round Stalk , parted into fome Branches ,
having fmaller and lejfer divided Leaves on them ,
and towards the Tops not divided at all. At
1 he Tops or upper ends of the Stalks and Branches

Shepherds Purfe.

grow many white flowers one above another , al-
mojl in a f piked manner after which follow
whuifh flat pouches or Seed. Vejjels, fmall at the
Footftalk , and broad at the other end , almoft like a
Triangular Purfe , Jove that it is a little dented
in on the middle , almoft refembling a Heart :
theje Purfes or Pods are parted like the Thlafpi •,
in each jide of which lies fmall brownifh yellow
Seed. There is no jharpnefs in this Plant, and
but a very little Heat in it, or in its Seed, tho 7
fome Authors Jay, it has fome little Acrimony -,
but it is certainly Aftringent and drying.

IV. The fecond, Or our fmaller Shepherds
Purfe. Its hoot is like the former. It comes
f rth of the Ground like the Cuckow Blower, or
Ladies Smocks , having fmall Leaves , deeply
jagged or indented about the Edges. Prom among
which rife up many Jmall tender Stalks with Flow-
ers at the Tops , as it were chaff : The Pods or
Cafes and Seed are like the former before Aefcribed.
It is in all things like to that, but that it is lefs
in every part thereof. There is alfo Burfa
Palloris minor folio inregro another fmall one,
which is in all things like the other, faving that
there is no divifions in the Leaves.

V. The third, or great Shepherds Purfe with
under ted or whole Leaves. It has a fmall Root
with Fibres adjoin'd to it like the firfl, from whence
ujually rijes up one fmall Stalk a Span long.
Branched into two or three parts, wkofe lower
Leaves are whole, without diviCion, having long

Footftalks to them-, and thefe upon the Stalks,
encompafs them at the bottoms the flowers are
I flat-, and the Pods or Seed Veffels flat like to
thofc firfl defer ibed.

VI. The Places. The firfl: and fecond forts
are found frequently in a great many places
throughout the whole Kingdom * for the moft
part near Common High ways, in defert and un-
till’d places, and among Rubbifh, and near Old
Walls: The third grows not in England but on-
ly in Gardens.

VII. The Times. They Flourifh, Flower, and
Seed all the Summer long •, and fometimes they
are fo early that they Flower and Seed twice in
the fame Year.

VIII. The Qualities. Dodomeus, Alat thiol us,
and Ruellius fay, that Shepherds Purfe is cold
and dry : But Label and Pena hold them to be
hot and dry, judging fo from the tafte of the
Seed, it having a little heat upon the tongue.
Doubtlefs tho5 the Seed may be hot and dry
in the firfl: degree ^ yet the Plant it felf is tem-
perate in refpefl to heat or cold, and dry in
the fecond degree. It is Aftringent, Incraflating
and Vulnerary.

IX. The Specification. It flops all forts of
bleeding whether inward, as Spitting, Vomiting,
Pifling of Blood, or Overflowing of the Loches
or Courfes in Women ; or outward, as that of
Wounds i and Cures all forts of Fluxes of the
Belly of what kind foever. It cools and re-
preffes Inflamations and Anthonies Fire; cleanfes
mattering or running Ears , and heals Green
Wounds, conglutinating or clofmg their Lips *
and is an efpecial thing for Wounds of the
Head.

X. The Preparations. You may make there-
from. 1. A Juice. 2. An E [fence. 3. A De-
c obi ion. 4. A Syrup. 5. A Balfam or Ointment.
6. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

XI. The Juice. Dropt into Sore or running
Ears, it drys and heals them. Drank to 3 or 4
Spoonfuls morning and night, either alone, or
in fome Styptick Red Wine, it flops all forts
of inward Bleeding, as by the Mouth, Nofe,
Anus, Bladder and Womb, and cures all forts
of Fluxes of the Belly, as Cceliaca, Diarrhea, Dy-
fenteria and Lienteria, as alfo the Fluxus He-
paticus. Bathed upon Anthonies Fire, or other
Inflamations, it cools and reprefles them.

XII. The EJJence. It has all the former Vir-
tues with advantage, and Angular for healing
the Bloody Flux, and Conglutinating the Lips
of Green Wounds. And being mixed with a
third part of Juice of Plantane, it powerfully
fupprefles, the overflowing of the Loches, as alfo
of the Terms in Women. Dofe 3 or 4 Spoon-
fulls morning and night in a Glafs of the De-
coction made in Smiths Forge Water.

XIII. The Decotfion. It may be made in
Styptick Red Wine, or rather in Smiths Forge
Water, adding after the Boiling a quarter part
of the faid Styptick Red Wine. It has all the
Virtues of the Juice and Effence, being taken
morning and night, 6 or 8 Ounces at a time,
either alone orfweetned with the Syrup thereof: It
is good alfo to heal inward Wounds, and Ruptures
in Children.

6 Q. 2

XIV. The

io^6 Salmons ‘Herbal. Lib. I

XIV. The Syrup. It has the Virtues of the
Juice, EITence and Deco&ion, but not fo power-
ful as they ^ and is fit to be given to Children
in all thofe cafes •, as alfo to lweeten thofe fe-
veral preparations, to make them more palata-
ble, and eafie to be fuallowed. It is made of
the Clarified Juice, wuh its equal quantity of
Clarified Honey or double refined Sugar, if it
be not for long keeping-, otherwife, it requires
double quantity, Cfc.

XV. The BalJ am or Ointment. They are Ab-
fterfive, drying and healing-, admirable for the
Curing of fimple Green Wounds, and that up-
on the fppt, in what part of the Body foever :
applyed alfo to parts overftrained, or where
there is any weaknefs, it ftrengthens them, and
rellores them to their former ftrength.

XVI. The Cataplafm. Being laid upon An-
thonies Fire, or other Inflamations, it cools, and
reprefles them, very much refrefhing the parts:
Applyed (pretty hard bound on) to the W rifts,
and Soles of the Feet, it is laid to help the
Yellow Jaundice-, but how true this laft is, I
cannot tell , for I never tryed it. It is made
of the Green Herb cut , and beaten in a
Mortar.

CHAP. DCXXXII.

Of SHEPHERDS ROD.

I. r~wftHE Names. It has no known Greek Name :
1 but is called in Latine, Virga Taft or is : and
in Englifh, Shepherds Rod , or Shepfjerds Staff. *

II. The Kinds. Authors account it to be a
Species of the Dipjacus Sylveftris , or Wild Tealle:
Bauhinus calls the Dipjacus Sylveftris , or common
Wild Tealle, Virgo Paftoris Major , and this, Our
Shepherds Rod, Virga Paftoris minor , which is
thought to be the Gale dr agon Plinij , Lib. 27.
Cap. 10. and the Dipjacus fat uus Camerarij.

The Defcriptious.

III. It has a Root which is long, branched
out, and furniflied with feveral Fibres or Strings.
Its Leaves are large , dented about the Edges , and
oj a Jad green color -, a little prickly on the back ,
but not Jo prickly as the Wild Teajle. The Stalks
grow higher but not with Juch large Prickles , and
the Leaves are Jet by Couples at the Joints , but
not encompaffing the Stalk Jo as to hold water , as
the Teajle does. The Stalk and Jeveral Branches
bear at their T 'ops, Jin all heads, not much bigger
than Wall nuts, with JoJt Prickles thereon , and
blujh colored flowers , much like to thofe of the
Wild Teajle. The Stalk cleared from its Prickles,
Shepherds formerly made uje of to hold in their
hands to guide their Sheep withal, whence came the
Name of Virga Paftoris, or Shepherds Rod, or
Staff.

IV. In Gerard it is deferibed thus. It is a kind
of Wild Teajle, and accounted among the Thiftles ,
but growing higher than that , but much like it, Ja-
ving that its knobbed Leaves are no bigger than a
Nutmeg. Its lower Leaves are deeply cut in with
one Gajh, on each fide, at the bottom of the Leaf,
which make them to have (as it were , ) little Ears ,

Shepherds Rod .

which the Cutter has carelefsly omitted in the f igure.

The Leaves alfo are lefts than thofe of i' j UJild

Teajle , narrower at their Jetting on,

water at the other does, the whole

being lefs. But Bauhinus Jays, it grornTj-'-

Cubit high.

V. The Places. It grows in many places thro’
the Kingdom, which are moift, and in moilt high
ways-, as in the highway leading from Braintree to
Hemmingham-Caftle in EJj'ex and here and there in
the high way from Much-Dunmore to London. It
has been found growing alfo in great plenty at
Edgecomb by Croydon, in leveral Places thereabouts.

VI. The Times. It flowers for the molt part
in July, and the Seed is ripe in Auguft, or not
long after the flowering.

VII. As to its Qualities, Specification, Prepara-
tions and Virtues. Authors hawiaid nothing, yet
it is fuppofed to have the fan$ with thole of the
Common Wild Teafle. And the Di filled water
thereof is commended to be drank after eating by
Women who have a depraved Appetite.

CHAP DCXXX’II.

Of S K I R R E T.

I. Names. It is called in Arabick, K-

X Jarum , Cf Seifaron-, in Greek, in

Latine, Sifarum , Cf Sifter: in Englifh Skirret.

II. The Kinds. There are but two kinds ge-
nerally taken notice of by Authors, viz. 1. si? ny*

M-

Chap. 633. UngUjh Herb ,

'S.

y-mZov, Sifarum Hortenfe ; Sifarum. Dodonai, Lo-
belij, o’ Tragi ; S/7e/- Camerarij , Con/;, Gefneri,
& Mm lb toll Sr/ec Germanicum Cafalpini. Our
Common Garden Skirret. Tiberius the Emperor
was fo in Love with this Root, that he Lent for
it out of Germany, from Ge/duba , a Caftle ot Place
about the Rhine , as Pliny Lib. 16. Cup. 5. fays,
this Emperor , was fo much taken with it, that he
caufed it to be brought to him every year out of
Germany. Columna and fome others took this
plant to be the Llaphobofcum Diofcoridit , but they
were deceived, for this Herb is neither Ferulous,
nor has it Llmbels of Yellow Flowers, nor Seed
like the Parfnep; but it has white flowers, and
Seed like Parfly. Pliny his Sifer, which is all
one with the Sifarum Diofcoridis , has a ftrong
tough firing, almoft Woody, running through the
middle of each Root, which is to be taken away
after the boiling, that they may be eaten with the
more pleafure, which thisOrw Common Skirret has
alfo, and which no other Root, that was then, or
is now edible, has befides, for which alone reafon
there is no doubt but this Our Siirret is the true
Sifer , or Sifarum of the Ancients. 2. The other
is called by the Arabians , as Jerapio , Secacul ; in
Greek dyeuv, in Latine; Sifarum Sylveflre-,
Sifer alterum , Sifer Syriacum ; in Englilh Wild
Skirret , and White Carrot. Rauwotfius fays that
this grows in JEgypt, and is there called alfo Sc-
cacul , by the Arabick Name.

The Defcriptions.

III. The Firft, Or Our Common Skirret. It

has a Root which is compelled of fever al fmall , long
round, white Roots, fet together at one head, like
to Afphodil : bunched out or uneven in many places ,
and rugged, or as it were wrinkled with all, and
not fmooth, as divers other Roots are, each of which

Skirret Garden.

io37

has a fmall tough Pith within them , which being
removed , the reft is very pie af ant to be eaten
headofthefe Roots , rife up fever al Stalks
oj Winged Leaves, fomething like to thofe of the
Purfnep, but that they are f mailer, and Jet farther
af under, fmoother , and greener, and alfo dented a-
bout the edges. From among which rifes up the
Stalk, little more than half the height of the Parf-
nep, having at the Top, Umbels of White Flowers,
which afterwards turn into fmall dark Seed fome-
what larger than Parfly Seed.

IV- Gerard defcribes this Plant after this manner.
The Roots are many in number , growing out of one
head, an hand breadth long, and mofl commonly not
a finger thick -, they are Jweet, white, good to be
an^ pteafant in Tafe. Its Leaves do con-
ffi of many fmall Leaves faflned to one Rib, each
particular one whereof, is fomething Kicked in the
Edges but they are lejfer, greener, and fmoother
than thofe of the Parfnep. The Stalks are fhort,
and feldom a Cubit high. And the Flowers which
grow in fpoky Tufts are white.

V. The fecond, or Wild Skirret. This has a
long, tender and fmooth Root, grayijh on the out-
ftde, and white within , as thick as ones finger, and
eajy to be broken, and nine or ten Inches , or almoft
a foot long, having fever al fmall knots or bunches
thereon , like to Warts, of a pie af ant fwcet Tafie,

Skirret Field or Wild.

like unto our Carrots. From this Root rife up ma-
ny Stalks of Winged Leaves, much divided and cut
into many parts, not very unlike to Carrot Leaves.

j ?lalp}"™ejll° fucb like Leaves at the joints
and Umbels of Flowers at the Tops, like unto them
Jot form, but of a yellowifh color.

VI. The Places The firft grows at Narbonne in
France , as Label fays, but is fown with us, almoft
every where in Gardens. Parkinfon fays, that it
is rather Sown than Planted ; for Sown among 0-

Tiions ,

1038 Salmon j-

nions, the one will not hinder the Growth ol the
other ; the Onions being ftill drawn away, to make
room for the Shir rets , that they may have their
full growth againft Winter. But Gerard fays, they
are Planted (in Gardens) by the Roots, for the
greater and thicker ones being taken away, the lef-
fer are put into the Earth again, which is belt to
be done in A larch or April , before the Stalks come
up. The fecond grows Wild in AEgypt ; but with
us in Gardens.

VII. The Times. They Flower and Seed later
than the Parfncp, viz. about the latter end of Ju-
ly, or beginning of Augujl, and the Seed is ripe
about the end of Auguft or beginning of September.
And the Roots are taken up to be eaten about the
end of February and all March, and fometimes in
April.

VIII. The Qualities, Specifications, Preparations,

Virtues, and llfes, are altogether the fame with
thofe of our Garden Parfneps in Chap. 544. to
which you are referred, fo that no more need be
faid of them here. .

IX. The Wild Skirrct is more Phyfical having
Aperitive, Attenuating, Inciding and Abfterfive
Qualities. It refills poifon, is good againft theBitings
of Vipers, expels Wind both inStemach and Bow-
els, eafes’ pains and Hitches in rhe fides, helps in
the Colick, and provokes Urine. The Root is of-
ten ufed lor the former purpofes,but the Seed much
more.

CHAP DCXXXIV.
O/'SMALLAGE

0 R,

Water P A R S L Y.

I. '-pHE Karnes. It is called in Arabick, Af
JL Jilts : in Greek ’EKioaircuvcv’. in Latine Pa
luiapium , Apium, Apium Paluflre, Apium Aqua-
ticum, Apium Rujhcum , Elteofelinum 5 in Englifh
Smallage , or Water Parfly.

II. The Kinds. We make three feveral kinds
thereof, tho’ there are no move than two properly,
viz. 1. Apium , Apium Yitlgare, Apium Paluflre ,
Pa/udapium , Ehtofelinum Dodotuti , cl' Lobelij-,
Our Common Smallage. 2. Apium Uortenfe ,
Apium Crifpum ; this Columna will have to be A-
pium Spoilt aneum , which Quatramius calls Geofe-
linttm , and that it is only thefirft or Common Smal-
tape altered by Tranfplanting. Out Garden or
Curled Smallage , which being whittled , by laying
the Stalks in Sand or Earth, is then called Sallary ,
as being then a Sallet Herb. 3. Apium Dulce,
Se/inum Dulce, Sweet Smallage. The Stalks of
this being alfo laid in the Earth or Sand for lome
time will become White as the former, and is
then called likwife Sallary or Sweet Sallary.

'the Def "riptions.

III. The firft, or Our Common Smallage. Its
Root is greater than that of Parfly, but not fo
long and J. lender , with a number of fibres or Strings
adjoining to it. It grows up wnh greater hollow,
and more Crejled Stalks than Parfly, and greater
and larger Winged Leaves , fet one againjl another,
broader , and of a darker green color , and Jhining.
more than Partly, fonicwh.it unevenly dented about
the Edges. At the Tops of the Stalks ftand large

Herbal. Lib. I.

Smallage Common.

Tufts of final! White flowers^ which turn into Seed,
very like , but J mailer than Parfly Seed. The whole-
herb and Root is flrong in Jmelfi find much more
unp/eafant and bitter in Tape than Carden Rarfiy^
not well to be eaten alone , unlcfs eaten as a Boiled
Sallet.

Smallage Curld.

IV. The

Chap. 6^, Englijh tierk

n The fecond, Or Our Garden or Curled
Smallage, called Sallary. 1 'his is in all things , like
the former, faving that the Leaves arX of a lighter
green color , and Curled or fomething Crumpled
withal, which being laid along in the Ground , and
covered with Earth or Sand , become very white and
edible, and are very pie af ant to the Tafte or Palate.
Some Authors will have this to be the former Com -
5 ah ere d by Tranf planting out of Wet
1 Pitches and places into Dryer Gardens , but
rarkinlon is not of that Opinion , and fays that it
grows fo naturally in Sardinia, from whence the
Seed has been difperfcd into other parts , and fo
brought to us.

V. The third, or Sweet Smallage. Its Root is
g1 eat and long , with divers Fibres fet thereto ,
white and much more fappy and pie af ant, than ei-
ther thofe of Our Common Smallage, or Parfly , ha-
ving a very Warming and Comfortable Rclifh , and
nothing Oftenfive -,but they , and even the whole Herb,
is as pleafant as if Sugar had been mixed with it -,
it grows up in the fame manner as the fir ft Com-
mon Smallage does, but larger than it , the Leaves
like wife are larger, but not of fo deep a green color,
lbe h lowers and Seed like wife are like thofe but
fomething bigger. This plant in both its Rellijh or

Smallage great or Garden.

IOJ9

Tafte and form , has been found to hold ', for the fir ft
or fecond year, from the Seed which has been Sown
comma from beyond. Sea. But as Sweet Fennel does
degenerate , more and more when Sown in England
which always continues /meet whilft growing in it’s
Native warm Countries ; [o is it with this Sweet
Smallage ■, the Leaves alfo decay in their Verdure
and loofe of their frejbnefs, becoming more fallen or
fad, like to thofe of our Common Smallage. If the
Stalks of this be laid in the Ground, and covered
with Earth or Sand as the former, they become white
like them, and fo are more f leaf ant to be eaten raw
as a Sallet with Salt, Vinegar and Oil, and then it
is called Sallary as the former.

VI. The P laces. The firft grows in moil! and
wet Grounds, and in Ditches and Ditch fides
which are always Hlled with Water, but if Planted
in Gardens will alfo thrive and profper well. The
lecond and third grow only in Gardens with us
being Nurlt up as Sallet Herbs. They are fuid-to’
v famUiarly in Greece and Italy, where
both Herb and Root are eaten with great delight
as a Sallet, even as they are now eaten with us in
England, in which places they are Sown, and re-
planted again.

VIL The Times. They flourilh when the Gar-
den Parfiy does, and their Stalks come up, the
next year after they are Sown, and then they bring

di If °wers “d Seed’ whidl are ripe “ •7*5'

VIII . The Vitalities. Smallage is hot and dry
in the begmn.ng of the third degree: Aperitive,
Abfterfive, Attractive, Carminative, Digeltive
Difcuffive, Diuretick Incifive, Suppurarivf, Neu-
rottek Stoma tick, Peftoral, Nephritick, Hylfe-
nck, fcmmenagogick, Alexipharmick, and Sper-
matogenetick. *

lPfc'ACrrC’n- SrraIlaSe opens all Ob-
ltructions of the Vifcera, provokes Urine and the
1 erms, is good agamft Stone, Gravel and Stran-
gury ; it cleanfes the Blood, and prevails again!!
the fellow Jaundice, Tertian and Quartan Agues

Throat5 fordid Ulcers in the Mouth and

from The F/eiara,ion!‘ Y°“ may make there-
from. 1. A Juice, z. An EJfence. 3. A Dl„.
gen. 4. A Syrup. 5. -A Mimdificatme. 6 A
Gargle or Lotion. All thefe of the whole Plant
or of the Root. 7. A Ponder of the Seed. 8. A
TtnSure of the Seed. 9. A Sallet of the Stalks and
Roots. Ie. A Cataplafm. 1 1. Unguentum on

The Virtues s

■ XI- The Juice. Taken to 2, 3, or 4 Ounces
m a Glafs of White Wine, it opens all obltru-
aions of the Stomach, Lungs, Womb, Reins and
othei ■ Vifcern, is very efteftual again!! the yellow
Jaundice, Tertain and Quartan Agues, as alfo the
Strangury Sand Gravel, Stone, or Tartarous Mu-
cilage in Rems, Ureters or Bladder. It dilToIves
congelations of the humors, and thick flegrn and
powerfully provokes the Terms in Women being
taken Morning and Night for feveral days toge?

XII. The EJfence of the whole Riant. It has all
the former \ ertues, and more powerful to the In
tenttons. It comforts and warms a Cold Stomach
expels Wind, gives eafe in the Colick, and Gripings
of the Guts proceeding from Cold, as alfo from
acrimonious and (harp humors: mixt with Honev
of Roles it cleanfes old Ulcers in the Mouth and
Throat, or in what other part of the Body foever
3, 4> or s Spoonfuls morning and nialir in
a Glafs ot White Port or Lisbon Wine. S
XIII. The DecoUion rf the whole Plant in IV, ne
or Water It has all the Virtues of Juice and Fffence
but much weaker, and therefore is to be given in a
much larger Dofe, as from a quarter of a Pint
to halt a Pint, morning and evening.

Thf LIr ,has the Virtues of the Juice
andfciience,beiides which, it is an excellent Peaoral
opening all obftruftions of the Lungs, and eafine
Coughs, Colds, and pains in the Lungs and Sto-
mach-, it caufes eafie expe&oration, and breath-
ing,

10^0

ing takes away hoarfnefs and ftrortuels of breath,
as alfo obftruUions of the Urine. If it is made ot
the Juice with Honey, it is admirable to cleante
Ulcers, Cute'the Jaundice, andDropfy, by expel-
ling the Water by Urine, and to provoke the
Terms in Women. Dole 4 or 6 Spoonfuls mm-
ing and night in a Glafs of White Lisbon Wine,
or in the DecoUion of the Herb and Root in
Wine. ,

XV. The Muniificativc. Take of the Juice
4 Ounces : Honey , or Honey of Rofes , 2 Ounces.
Bean Ho wen 2 Ounces , mix them. Or thus frpm
Aquapendens. Take Juice of Smallage 5 Ounces.
Syrup of Rofes , or Mel Rofarum an Ounce : Tur-
pentine half an Ounce : Meal or flower or Burly
and Lupins , ana, a fujficient quantity , to bring all
to a confidence-, mix them. Thefe are excellent
Ablterfives, and cleanfe old, running, foetid, and
foul or rotten Ulcers admirably, in what part of
the Body foever. But if Red Precipitate in Jan
ewht part be added to ir, it will be fo much the
more effeUual in fordid and putrid Ulcers. The
fix ft of thefe applyed. Hops the weeping of hurt
Nerves or Sinews, in fimple Members which are
not fat, or very flefliy, and brings the fame to per
fefft digeltion.

XVI. The Gargle or Lotion. Take of the De-
colfion eight Ounces : of the Juice & Ounces: Mel
Rofarum 4 Ounces ; mix them. It Cures malig-
nant Ulcers of the Throat, Tonfils, Mouth, and
Gums, by gargling and wattling them therewith
feveral times a day : It heals exulcerated Cankers,
and removes their Putrifaflion. If to the former
Quantity 2 Ounces of Spirit of Wine be added, it
will be fo much the more potent and healing.

XVII. The Louder of the Seed. It has all the
Virtues of Parfly-Seed but much more potent
in every refpea. It prevails againft the Colick,
Wind Strangury, Sand, Gravel and Stone in Reins
and Bladder, obftruUions of the Lungs, Wheezing,
Hoarfnefs, Shortnefs of Breath, Stinking Breath,
provokes Urine and the Courfes, and kills Worms
in the Stomach and Belly. Dolb from half a Dram
to a Dram mixt with Honey and fo taken morning

and night. , , . , .

XVIII. The Spirit uousTinffstre of the Seed. It
has all the former Virtues, but more Stomachical,
and may be taken from 2 to 4 Drams, mixt with
a Glafs of the Decoftion, dulcified with Syrup of

SlXIXS' The Sallet of the Whited Stalks and Roots.
They are cut or diced and eaten with Salr, Vine-
gar and Oil, raw, they make a pleafant Sallet, are
grateful to the Palate and Tafte, itrengthen
the Stomach, and caufe a good Appetite and Dt-

gC XX The Cataplafm. It is made by boiling the
Bruifed Leaves and Roots in Hogs-Lard. Apply-
ed warm, it is difeuflive, takes away the Pam ot
Fellons and Whitlces in the Fingers ; and Ripens
and heals them.

XXI Vnguentum ex Apto. Ointment ol
Smallage. Take Juice of Smallage a Pint : Honey
o Ounces : Wheat Meal or flower 3 Ounces : mix
and make an Ointment by Boiling to a juft Thtck-
nefs according to Art. It is an admirable and gentle
cleanfer of Wounds and Ulcers ; opens obttruai-
ons of Liver and Spleen, applyed to the Hypo-
chonders-, provokes Urine anointed on the Regi-
ons of the Kidnies and Share; is good againft the
Colick anointed on the Belly ; and helps the Stuf-
fing of the Lungs applyed to the Breft.

Salmon s Herbal . Lib. 1.

SMALL HONESTY, fee Pinks. Chap.

SMI LAX GARDEN, fee Beans Kidney. Chap.

SNAKES-BUGLOSS. fee Buglofs Vipers. Chap.

SNAKE- WEED, fee Biftort. Chap.
SNAKE-ROOT Virginian , fee Snake -Root. Chap.

CHAP. DCXXXV.

0/ SNAP-DRAGON,

CALVES SNOUT.

I- ' | ' HE Karnes. It is called in Greek 'Arippivov :
X in Latine, Antirrhinum , alfo Orontium ,
Os Leonis , Herba Simiania , Leo herba , Venufia
minor , Opa/is grata, and Cants Cerebrum Apuleii-
in Englifh, Snap Dragon , or Calves Snout. ’

II. The Kinds. There are feveral forts thereof
as i. Antirrhinum album , White Snap Dragoo.
2. Antirrhinum purpureum five Rofeum , Purple
Snap Dragon. 3. Antirrhinum Variegatum , Va-
riable Snap Dragon. 4. Antirrhinum Luteum
Yellow Snap-dragon : thefe four are all of the
large Garden kind, the following are of the fmal-
ler forts, called the wild kinds. 5. Antirrhinum
Sylvcftre medium vel majus , The Greater Wild
Snap Dragon. 6. Antirrhinum rubrum Bceticum ,
Small Red Spanifh Snap Dragon. 7. Antirrhinum
flore albo alter um. Small White Flower’d Snap
Dragon. 8. Antirrhinum Sylveftre minus , The
lelfer Wild Snap Dragon.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firft, or White Snap Dragon. Under
this Defcription We Jhall comprehend in the main ,
the firft four Garden kinds. Its Root confifts of
many White Strings , which perifh in mo ft places
after they have given Seed , unlefs they be care-
fully defended in the Winter againft the Cold.
The Leaves of thefe Snap Dragons are broader
longer , and greener , than the Leaves of the Ma-
nured Flax , or of the Wild Flax , and arc fet con -
fufedly upon the tender Green Branches , which
are Jpread on all files from the very bottom ,
bearing at the Tops many Flowers , fomewhat re-
fembling thofe of Toad-Flax , but much larger ,
and without any heel or Spur , of a fair white
color , with a Tellow Spot in the Mouth , or Ga-
ping place. After the Flowers are paft , in then-
places come hard round Seed VeJJcJs , faftriorfd
fomewhat like unto a Calves head , the Snout be-
ing cut oft] wherein is contained fmall black
Seed.

IV. The fecond, or Purple Snap Dragon. This
is in Stalks , Leaves , and Flowers altogether like
the former , and as large and great in every
part or greater } the only difference is , that this
bears pale Stammel , or Rofe colored Flowers , with
a Tellow Spot in the Mouth , and fometimes of a
Taler color, almoft Blttfh.

V. The

Chap, 635. Eftghjb Herbs. 10^1

V. The third, or Variable Snap Dragon. The
Roots in this are Jmaller than either of the former,

' and always perifh after Seeding time. This Riant is
fame thing lefs then the foregoing, and tenderer
than the lift dejenhed , having alfo a Reddifh or
B/uJh cold red, force r, 1 offer than the former , but
much bigger than the middle kind deferibed in
Sect. Vli. following. The Yellow Spot in the
Alouth of the flower , has feme white about it ,
and extending to both fides of the Spot ; and
their Heads and Seeds are hie the former.

VI. The fourth, or Yellow Snap Dragon. It is
like in form to the former kinds , and has Leaves
as large as any of them , and very fair yellow
flowers as large like wife as they , not differing in

Snap Dragon White and Tellovo.

any thing clfe from the fir ft deferibed. Let none
imagine this to be a Linaria or Toad Flax , for
in all its parts it is agreeable to the Snap
Dragons.

VII. The fifth, the middle kind, or Greater
Wild Snap Dragon. Its Root is fmall, and perifh-
ing every year, fpringing up again from the falling
Seed. This greater wild kind rifes up ufually,
but with one Stalk , branching forth on all fides
into fome other , on which are fet long , and
fomewhat narrow thick dark green Leaves by
couples •, at the Tops of the Stalks and branches
jiand (in fever a! places) reddifh purple gaping
flowers , in f: aye like thofe of the Garden kinds,
but far lefs, and without any white color there-
in, after which come fuch like heads, like Calves
Snouts , as in the other, but not half fo big ,
wherein is contained very fmall and brown
Seed .

Snap Dragon Wild greater.

VIII. The fixth, or fmall Red Spamfh Snap
i^ragon. The Flower of this is much more Beau-
lJu/ being of a bright Crimfon color , the Mouth
or Lhaps being of a yellowiff White , much like
to Jome of the Garden kinds , but more lively
for its color .

IX. The feyenth, or fmall White Flower’d
nap Dragon. This differs very little from the

Snap Dragon white flower'd wild.

0 R

fifth.

1042 Salmon s 'Herbal. Lib. 1.

j, i}) and Jixlh kinds, fiving, that it Jf reads ti-
ll road a lit tic more than they , and that its flowers
are of a pie of ant Milk White Color.

X. The eight, or lefler Wild Snap Dragon.
The Middle or greater kind we have defenbed
at Sect. V LI. above: this lejfer fort grows lower
by one half, yet Bitfhes out thicker with Branches ,
having long narrow Leaves not half fo great ,

Snap Dragon Wild lejfer.

flowers J mall alfo and whitijh , and the Seed /mail
and blacker than the Seed of that. Its Root like-
wife perifhes after Seed time, and the Plant is
railed the next year again of the Seed.

XL The Places. The fail four are called the
Garden kinds : the latter four, the Field or Wild
kinds j altho’ they all grow Wild in Spain, Italy ,
and other hot Regions : but with us they all
of them grow only in Gardens, the firft four of
which are chiefly fet by.

XII. The Times. The firft four flower for
the moft part the fecond year after Sowing, from
April, even to July, aud the Seed is ripe not
long after. The Wild flower alfo much about the
fame times, thro’ June and July even to the
end of Augufi. All thefe feveral forts of this
Plant, if they be once Sown in Gardens, they
will grow continually there of their own accord,
if they be fuffer’d to fhed their Seed.

XIII. The Qualities, Specification, Virtues and
XJfes of thefe Plants are as yet unknown in
the Art of Phyfick: But Matthiolus fays, that
given (I fuppofe he means their Juice) mixed
with Rofe-water-, or the Pouder of the Seed;
in like manner, they are good againft Fits of
the Mother. And Apuleius fays, that the Di-
ftilled Water or Deco&ion of the Herb and Root
in Water, is a fpeedy remedy againft the Rheum
or Watering of the Eyes coming of a Hot Caufe,
by waffling them therewith, and bathing the Fore-
head, ^Temples and Eye-Brows with the fame.

SNAKE ROOT, of Virginia, fee

SNAKE’s BUGLOSS, lee, Vipers Buglofs. Chap.

SNAKE WEED, fee Biflort. Chap.

SNEESE, ROOT, fee Ucllebor White. Chap.

CHAP. DCXXXVI.

0/ SNEES-WORT.

I, ' T'HE Names. It is called in Greek, nr4tfJuii

X in Latine, Ptarmica , Ptarmica Sylveflris ,
and St cr nut ament oria : in Englifh, Snees-zoort.

II. T he Kinds. There are feveral forts hereof,
as, 1. Ptarmica agreflis vcl fylveflris, Sternuta-
mentoria Sylveflris. Wild or Common Snees-
wort. 2. Ptarmica Sylveflris flore pleno. Snees*
wort with Double Flowers. 3. Ptarmica auftri-
aca Cluftj. Snees-wort of Auftria. 4. Ptarmica
Imperati, Ptarmica minor . Spanifh or Naples
Snees-wort.

The Defcriptiotts.

III. The firft, or Wild df Common Snees-wort.
Its Root is tender, and full of Strings, creeping
far about in the Earth ; and in no long time takes
up much Ground. It fprings up for the mofl
part with but one Stalk , which is replenifhed
with many round and brittle Branches , befet with
long and narrow Leaves, dented about the Edges
like a Saw. At the Tops of the Stalks do grow

Snees-wort Wild Common.

Chap. 6^6. Englijh ‘Herls.

:°43

/mail Jingle flowers, like tbofe of the Wild Daify.
The whole Plant is Jharp , biting the Tongue end
Mouth. And the fmell thereof provokes Sneejing ,
from whence it took its Marne Sternutamentoria, or
Snees-zvort.

IV. The fecond, or Snees-wort with double
flowers. Its Roots are many long firings , running
here and there in the Ground. It has firaight
and fiender Stalks , befct with long and narrow
leaves , fnipt round about the edges in all refpetts
like to the former fingle Wild Kind, which grows
common with us almofi every where : on the Tops
of the Stalks grozo four , five, or more white flowers ,
one above another , with a green leaf at the
Bottom of the footfialk of every one of them •
being fmall , thick, and very double , with a little
yellowifhnejs in the middle of every flower , like
both for form and color to the flower of the
Double Fetherfew, but fmaller. This Plant has
no fmell at all ', but is delightful only for the
double white flowers.

V. The third, or Snees-wort of Auttria. Its
Root is hard and black , with fome Fibres ad-
joining to it , perifhing every year. It fends
forth many Leaves , lying upon the Ground , being
foft and Jmooth , fome what long and narrow , green
on the upper fide , and hoary underneath , of a lit-
tle fowre rclifh or Tafie. From among which
rifes up an hoary Stalk , about two feet high or bet-
ter, having divers fuch like Leaves thereon , but
lejfer, fpreading out into fome few fiender Branch-
es, with every one for the mo ft part , a fmall fcaly
white Silver head on them-, from whence fpring
forth about twelve or fourteen hard , and fmall
long pointed leaves, as a border or Pale, about a
number of fmall fhort Thrums in the Middle,
almofi like, or as if they were made of Parch-
ment -, whitifh at the firft appearing -, but after-
wards being come to their maturity, of a moft
fair bleak blewifh purple color, without any fmell
to commend it -, pleafant only by the Profpctt of
its form and color, and by its Durability $ for
being gathered in its perfettion, it withers not,
or loofes its color in a long time-, but keeps
the fame hue and afpett without changing, for
many years together , being put into a Paper
Book: otherwife being let fiand upon the Stalks,
they become fomething brownifh , having many
fmall blackifh long Seeds, lying among a great
deal of White Down.

VI. The fourth, or fmall Spanifh or Naples
Snees-wort. Its Root is like the former , but
fmaller , and perifhes in the fame manner every
year. It has fuch like long and narrow foft
hoary Leaves, but not full out fo large as the
former: the Stalk rifes not fo high, but is di-
vided into more, and more fiender hard Branches :
at the Tops whereof fiand fuch like Scaly heads,
but not fo white or Silver like, from whence
fhoot forth fuch like ft iff hard Leaves, as the
Border or Pale, but neither fo large nor fo ma-
ny, being feldom above 8 or 10: neither are they
of fo fair a blewifh purple color, but of a more
pale diluted color, having many Thrums in the
Middle. The Seed which follows is like the laft
aforegoing, but fmaller. This Plant being a lit-
tle handled or rubbed between ones fingers , gives
forth a pretty fweet fmell, or what is not un-
p leaf ant.

VII. This laft in Gerard, is thus defer ibed.
The Root is fmall, whitifh , hard and threddy, pe-
rifhing when- the Seed is ripe-, foon fpringing
up again by the fall of the Seed. It rifes up
with a fmall , hard, tough , corner'd, whit iff)

woolly Stalk , divided into many Branches, and
tbofe again divided into other branches like thofe
of Cyanus, or Blew bottle, about two feet high
on which grow long, narrow, whitifh Cottony
leaves, without order , and of a bitter Tafie-
whiter below than above, of the color of Worm-
wood leaves, haying but one Rib or Sinew, and
that in the middle of the leaf, and commonly
turn downwards: on the Top of each / lender
Branch grows one fmall Scaley head or knobb, like
that of Cyanus, which brings forth a pale Pur-
ple flower, without fmell, containing fix, feven
eight, or more, fmall, hard, dry, Jharp pointed.

^VJrSrum thei mid%? °f, which £rom ma*y
Stiff Chives, their Tops being of the Color of

the flowers, which flowers fall not away, till the
whole Herb perifhes , but change into a Rufiy color.
Among thofe Chives grow long, flat, blackijh teed
with a little beard at the Top. It remains green
all the Wmter and the next fpring fends forth
a Stalk as aforefaid. The Herb being touched
or rubbed , fends forth a pleafant Aromatick
fmell.

VIII. The Pleea. The firft grows Wild in
dry and barren Pattures and other places .■ and
has been found in the three great Fields next
adjoining to Kentijh-Town near London : and in
leveral fields in Kent about South-fleet. It is
alfo brought into Gardens in many places The
fecond grows here in Gardens. The third grows
as ^atOu°lus %s, in Italy ; Clufius found it in
Aujtna ; it has been found growing alfo in Hun-
gary, and as Lobel lays in Prance. The fourth
grows in Spain and Naples, from whence the
Seed has been brought to us, thefe two laft
grow with us only in Gardens.

IX. The Times. They flower in the end
of June, and in July and Auguft , and the
Seed is ripe in fome little time after, as in Au-
gufi or September.

X. The Vitalities, Specification , Preparations
Virtues and Ufes of the firft and fecond Species
we have declared at large in Chap. 553. afbre-
going, under the Title of Pellitory of Spain
Wild : fo that we fhall fay nothing more of
them in this place.

XI. The two latter, Parkinfon fays have not
been much ufed in Phyfick, but Clufius fays
that about Vienna in Auflria, the People fell it
to the Apothecaries for Scabious ; and that the
Pecotiwn of them , given to Children, is very
good to eafe them of pains and Torments in
the Stomach and Bowels.* and fome Authors
think, that it may have fome of the Properties
of Scabious , or of Jacea at leaft, becaufe it fo
near approaches to them both in its form and
Temperature.

CHAP DCXXXVII.

Of SOLOMONS - SEAL.

L 'T'f/E Names. It is called in Greek, nunyimm:
_L in Latine, Polygonatum ( x Radicis genicu-
locum frequentibus nodis, from the many Nodes
or Knots in the Roots;) of fome Scale Cieli
Heavens Ladder, from the form of the Stalks*
of Leaves , being fet one above another : alfo
Sigi/lum Solomoyis ; in Englith , Solomons Seal,

4 R 2 from

1044 Salmon j Herbal Lib. I

from the White Knobs in fome places of the
Root, with a flat round Circle, reprefenting a
Seal, whence came this Name.

11. The Kinds. Authors have made a dozen
feveral forts or more, but we fhall content our
felves, with what grows in Our Own Nation,
or in Our Wefi-India Plantations in America, viz.
i . Poligonatum Vulgar e , by fome Polygon at urn
latifolium , by others majus-, and by many Sigil-
Jum Solomonis , Our Commorr Solomon Seal. 2.
Polygon at um Majus florc major e, Polygonatum latifo-
lium fecundum Clufij , The Greater flowered, or
fvveet fmelling Solomons Seal. 3. Polygonatum ,
Virginianum , Solomons Seal of Virginia. 4.
Polygonatum racemofum Amcricaninn , Clutter like
Solomons Seal. 5. Polygonatum Racemofum per-
foliatum Americanum majus Ef minus. Thro-
■ leav’d Solomons Seal of America greater and
lefler.

T be Dcfcriptions.

III. The firlt, or Our Common Solomons Seal.
The Root is of the thjeknefs of a Alans
Ringer or Thumbs white and knobbed in fome
places , with a fiat round Circle , reprefenting a
Seal , lying along under the upper face of the
Ground , and not growing downwards , but with

Solomons Seal Common.

many Fibres underneath. It rifes up with a
round Stalk , about half a yard high , bowing or
bending down the Top , Jet zoitb fingle leaves one
above another , which are fomething large , and
like unto the Leaves of Lilly Convally , and of
the fame color , viz. with an Eye of blewijhnefs

upon the Green , but mere yelldwifij underneath ,
with fome Ribs running through them. At tire
foot cf every Leap ahnofi , from the bottom of
the Stalk up to the Top , come forth fmall , long,
white , and hollow pendulous flowers , fomething
like the Flowers cf Lilly -Convally, but ending in
five longer Points , for the mofi part two together ,
at the end of a long foot Stalk , and fome times
but one , Jometimes alfo , /zw Stalks with

Flowers at the foot of a Leaf , which have no
fmcll at all, and ftand all on the one fide of
the Stalk. After they arc paft , caw*? /» their
places , fmall round berries , green at the firfi ,
blackifh green , tending to blewnefs , cofo/r
they are ripe 5 i/z which lye fmall, white , hard,
and fiony Seed. Camerarius ;7f Epitome fays ,

{citing Matthiolus dx /wx Author ) that it is
Jometimes found with red Berries , alfo with

Purple. Thefe Berries being ripe are cf the
bignefs of Ivy Berries , 0/ a fweet and plea-
fa nt Tafie. The Root alfo is fweet at the firfi
t filing, but afterwards of a bitter Tafie with fome
Jbarpnefs.

IV. The fecond, or greater flower’d, or fweet
fmelling Solomons Seal. The Root if this is ex-
actly like the former, but larger if it grows in
good Ground, otherwife leffer. The Stalks are
fhorter, not much above a foot high, and fome-
what flatter. The Leaves are flatter, and round-
er pointed , fet on one fide of the Leaf, as the

Solomons Seal greater Flower'd.

the former, but ft and clofe together. The flowers
are larger than the aforegoing (but by a Vault
of the Cutter , in this f igure they are made lefter)
of a greenifh white color , fmelling fweet like
thofe of the Hawthorn, arifing from the bofems
of the Leaves, upon Jhort foot Stalks, which be-
ing paft. Seeds or Bernes follow, which arc firft
Green, but afterwards black, containing within a

/mail

Chap. 637. EngUJh Herbs.

final l Seed , ns big ns a Vetch or Tare , and as
hard as a Stone.

V. The third, or Solomons .Seal of Virginia.

The Root of this is f lender , long and Creeping ,
//Tr ot her s of the Virginia Plants , and

not Tuberous as the former are. It rifes up
with a Stalk or Stalks , </ foot or more high , «>/>£
Leaves of the fame fafhion , /oz^, Nervous, very
green and finning, funding one above another
upon a Jingle upright Stalk, which is fometimes
a little branched. Thefe leaves arc not of fo
fad a green as the other, nor difcolored under-
neath-, at the very Top of the Stalk come forth
the flowers, and many of them grow together,
which are whiter and ] mailer , and nothing fo
long and Pendulous, ending in fmall fine point-
ed Leaves. After which come the Berries, which
in this are f mailer than any of the former, and of a
moll Orient Red, or fear let color ( which fomc
by a miflake formerly took for Chernies Berries ,
but were in truth no fuch thing, thefe not be-
ing jit to dye withal ) which while they arc white,
and before they are ripe, have fix black Strokes
on every of them, equally dijlant, but arc quite
worn out being ripe -, within which are contained,
white, hard. Stony grains or Seeds, like thofe of
the others.

VI. The fourth , or CluRer-like Solomons-
Seal. Its Root is thick* white. Tuberous, long,
and jointed , as it were j?y diflanccs, with Jc-
vcral Fibres thereon. It foots up a round
brownifh fingle Stalk, and fometimes parted or
branched , about 2 or 3 feet high, fet with ma-
ny fair , broad Leaves, forne ribs being of a
redd if, others of a fad green color , harder than
others , and comp a fed about the edges with a
rougher and darker Lift. At the Tops of the
Branches, grow in open Clufiers, many fmall pale co-
lored Tbreds, like unto Vine Bloffoms , which puf-
fing away, there fucceed feveral fmall Berries,
in form almojl of a Clufter of Grapes, and each
of the targe nefs of a Juniper Berry, ycllowifh be-
fore they be ripe, and finely fpotted with blood
Jpcckles , which after they have hung fo long
to be ripe, wear out, and the whole Berry grows
red like a Cherry, whofe Pulp or Juice is fweet,
and contain ivithin them fmall white rourtdifh
Grains or Seed.

VII. The fifth, or Thro-leaved Solomons Seal
of America, the greater kind. Its Root is nothing
fo thick or white, as the loft deferibed, but is
faftned by many firings into the Earth. It has
a flender fmooth Stalk or two, about half a foot
high or more, parted about the middle into two
branches , and each of them again into others,
having fair, broad and long, and very pale green
ribbed Leaves, encompajfing the Stalk wholly at
the bottom-, at each of which joints, with the
Leaves, and at the Tops, alfo Hand the flowers
fingly, compofcd of fix long and narrow yellow
Leaves hanging downwards, in the middle whereof
is a crooked bead or horn, compared with fix
yellow heads or Chives, when the flower, ispaft the foot
Stalk thereof rifes up, bearing that Crooked or
horned, three cornered skinny Cod on the end,
having whitifh Seed within it. The leffer fort
is in all things and refpetfs like to the greater,
but every ways leffer, the Leaves being not only
f mailer but much narrower alfo.

VIII. The Places. The firft grows Wild fre-
quently in many places of England, as on the
North fide of Mend ip in the Parifh of Shepton-
Mallet, in Some rfet [hire-, upon a Row Hill by
Crayford in Kent, in Odium Park in Hampfhire ,

7045

"ear 3 foiir Mil« from
Wiltjhm., in a Village near Horfl'ey
five Miles from Guilford in Surrey: in a fluid
Mil“ from Gmterbmy.m

a Bujhy clofe belonging to the Parfonage of M-
derbury near Clarmdon , two Miles from Salis-
bury ; and in Chiffon-Wool on Cheffon-hill be-
tween A emngton and Stttittgburn in Kent as
™ ^ever5,1 other places. The fecond grows
Wild m Our Gordons ; and I found it alfo growing
m Carolina. The other three, grow in foera!
Ijhoes in America , but with us only in Gar-

and^th Jfii-f MR* T.hef all fpring up in March ,
run UL 5 - fl°wers “ -%-5 the other Anteri-

rine in w an,d the Berries are

?f,e i September, and continue on the Stalks,
till the broils come, -and then they fall down

'r SW ikS’ V'hlcS rot ani Petilfi with all
above Ground; the Root abiding all Winter
ani ~otmg f?nh a new every year. ’

• Xv n ^l‘a{'ues- Solomons Seal is temperate
in refpeft to heat or cold, but dry in the fe-

Gvsd tW*' • ft is AftrinSent. ani as Galen
0 ,a ™xt property, being partly binding
and partly of a fharp and biting quality, with
a little bitternefs, which properties we perceive
not in thole which grow in Our Countries
XL The Spec, feat, on. The Root is chieflv
ufed and that principally, of the firft kind. It
heals Ruptures and broken Bones, flops fluxes
of the Belly, the Reds and Whites in Women
and running Of the Rems in Men; as alfo Vo-
mitings, Bleedings, and defluxions of humors
upon any part; and is very available to heal
mple Green Wounds, running Sores, and other
like Hurts whether outward or inward.

11. The Preparations. You may have there-

H '' TCeJ‘r EVence °f ,he R°ot and

Herb. 2. A Deed!, on oj the Root in Wine or
Water. 3 An InJ ufion of the Root in Wine.
4. A Ponder of the Root. An Ointment or
oalfam of the Root. 6. A Cataplafm of the Root.

1- An Apophlegmatifm of the Root. 8. A Diliil-
lei Water. 9. A Spirituous TinHure.

The Virtues.

XIII. The Juice or E (fence. A Spoonful of
either of them, or fomerhing more, taken at a
time morning and evening in a Glafs of Stvp-
tick Red Wine, or in Smiths Forge Water ;
is laid to Cure Ruptures when the Guts fall
into the Cods, a Cataplafm of the Root being
applyed outwardly to the fame. They are alfo
available, to cure the over-flowing of the Terms
and Whites in Women, and a Gonorrhcca in
Men, and incomparably good to knit and conglu-
tinate broken bones inwardly taken.- outwardly-
applied being made into a Cataplafm with Rye
or Wheat Meal, They dry up and conglutinate
the lips ol Green Wounds, and ftop the flux
of humors upon Ulcers, they being walked and
cleanfed therewith. Snuffc up the Nollrils they
are faid to draw flegm out of the head and io
eale the pain thereof.

XIV. The PecoU'wn in Wine or Water. It has
all the former Virtues; is available for ouc-
ward and inward Bruifes, Falls or Blows, eafe
pains, dilioive congealed blood, and take away
the black and blew marks made by Contufions,
or other hurts. Dofe half a Pint,

XV. The

lO 46

Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. 1.

XV. The Injufion in Wine . It is made of
the Root being Bruifed, and fteepei all Night
in the Wine. It has all the Virtues ot the
Juice, Effence, and DecoElion : taken to a quar-
tet of a Pint or more, morning and night, it fod-
ders and glews together broken Bones very fpeedi-
ly and Itrongly, thu’ the Bones be but Bender-
ly and unhandfomly placed; a Cataplafm or
the Juice, or Root, being applied alfo to the

fame. T .

XVI. The Pouder of the Root. It is given to
a Dram or more, morning and evening, in Drink
or Broth, againll Ruptures, broken Bones, Wounds
and Inward Bruifes, and being alfo made into
a Catapktfm with the Juice, and outwardly ap-
plied to the parts affefted.

XVII. The Ointment »{ ; Balfam. They won-
derfully dry, heal and conglutinate fimple green
Wounds, and Knit, and join together fimple ira-
ftures of bones, eafe pains, and ftrengthen a
weak Back whether in Men or Women.

XVIII. The Cataplafm of the Root. It is ap-
plied outwardly in fimple Contufions ot Bruifes,
Falls, Blows, Ruptures of the Peritonarum, Fraftures
of the Bones, Dillocations, Defiuicions of Hu-
mors, and weaknefles in any part. . It has been
found by late Experience, to be incomparably
good to knit and join broken Bones in any part
of the Body, and is profitable for thole which
by any weaknels, have their Bones often out ol joint,
or will not flay long in when they are fet ;
being applied for fome confiderable time.

XIX. The Apopblegmatifm of the Root. The
fimple raw Root being chewed in the Mouth,
draws away much Flegm and Vifcous Humors
fram the parts adjacent, and gives eafe in the

Tooth-ach. , , , , „ ,

XX. The Diflilled Water of the whole Herb
and Root. It is faid to cleanfe the Skin from
Scurff, Morphew, Tanning, Sunburning Spots,
Freckles, and other Marks and Defcedations,
leaving the places foft, frefh, and fair after
it has been for fome time ufed; and is ufed alio
as a Vehicle to take the other preparations in.

XXI. The Spirituous TinOure. It has all the
Virtues of the Juice, Effence, Decoftion and In-
fufion, being inwardly taken to a Spoonful at a
time in any proper Vehicle, and outwardly ap-
plied to the parts affefled. It alfo Hops all
Fluxes of the Bowels after an admirable man-
manner, chiefly the Bloody Flux.

CHAP. DCXXXVIII.

Of SOLDIER-WATER.

j '-r-'HE Names. It is called in Greek

JL IV irmVfuO- vet • in La-

tine bv Matthio/us, Stratiotes aquaticus , and fo
alfo’ by Lugduncnfts , it is the Stratiotes five
Mi/itaris Aizoides Lobelij ; Stratiotes potamios
Sedum aquatile Dodonei : in Englifh Water-
Soldier, t'rejh Water Soldier, and Water Houf-

,CC\i. The Kinds. It is a finglar Plant of the
fort' but Bauhinus accounts it among the forts
of Aloes , and calls it, Aloes pa/uftris, Water or
Matlh Aloss.

The Defcriptions.

III. At the bottoms of the Leaves there is a
fmall Jhort head , broadcfl next unto the Leaves
and fmallcft downwards , from whence proceed
fevcral long Strings like fmall Worms ( where-
with as Dodonxus fays, Jomc Crafty Sfuack Sal-
vers, putting them into Glaffes , with water , to
make them fhew the greater, make others believe ,
that they are Worms which came out of the Bo-
dies of their Patients:) thefe Strings having
fever a l fibres at their Ends , take Root in the

Water Soldier.

Mud under the Water, from the aforefaid head
upwards, fpring forth many long narrow Leaves,
Jharp pointed, and fet clofc together, fomething
like to the Leaves of Aloes , for the form : but
much left, and Jkarply toothed about the Edges
like it alfo. from among thefe Leaves rife up
Jhort Stalks, not much higher than the Leaves,
and fometimes not fo high, bearing one green
threeforked head only at the Hop, much like a
Lobfters Claw, which is the husk-, out of which
comes a white flower, confifting of three Leaves,
with fevera! yellcuifh hairy Threds in the
middle.

IV. Gerard deferihes it thus. Injtead of Roots
there are long Strings round and 1 Chile , very
like to great Harp-firings, or long Worms , which
falling down from a Jhort head, (which fends
forth the Leases) go to the bottom of the Wa-
ter, even to the Mud, and yet are feldom faflned
there, from whence come forth alfo other Jmaller
Strings or threds aflope, by which the Riant is
Multiplyed, after the manner of frog-bit. The
Leaves are like thefe of the Herb Aloes, or fern-
pervium, but Jhorter and lejfer, fet round about

Chap. 639. HttgHJb Herbs, io47

the edges with certain Jlijf and Jhort prickles :
among which come jorth divers Stalks with
cafes or husk very like to Crabs Claws ; oat of
which when they open grow white blowers, confifing
of three Leaves , altogether like thofe of Frog-bit ,
having little yel/owijh Tbreds in the Middle -.
The Leaves and Flowers grow upon the Top of
the Water.

V. The Places. It Grows in Italy , Germany ,
Flanders , Holland and other Countries plentifully:
and in Gerard it is faid to be found growing
plentifully in the Ditches about Rotfey, a l'mall
Village in Holdernefs in Torkjhtre ; and one Mr.
William Broad found it in the Fenns in Lincolnjhirc.

VI. The Times. It Flowers in June and Ju-
ly, and fometimes in Augufl , the Seed ripening
in the mean feafon or not long after.

VII. The Vitalities. It is cold in the fecond
degree, and dry in the firft; but Galen fays, it
is moill. It is Altringenr, Obftruftive, Reper-
cuffive, and Vulnerary.

VIII. The Specification. It flops Fluxes of
Blood from the Reins and Womb, abates In-
carnations, prevails againft Anthonies Fite, and
cures W ounds. Ulcers, and Fiftula’s.

IX. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, 1. A Juice or Effence from the Leaves.
1. A DecoSion of the fame. 5. A Pouder of
the Leaves. 4. A Cataplafm of the Leaves. 5.
An Ointment or Balfam. 6. A D filled Water.

Tbs Virtues.

X. The Juice or Effence. Taken to One or
Two Spoonfuls or more at a time, in any pro-
per Liquor, as lome Styptick Red Wine, or in
Smiths Forge Water, or in its own Diddled
Water, it cures Piffing of Blood, as alfo the
Bloody Flux, and the overflowing of the Terms
in Women ; bur Pliny adds, Olibanum in Pouder
thereto. Bathed upon Anthonies Fire, and In-
flamations, ircools them, and eafes the Pain; and
is good_ to heal Ample Wounds, foul running
Sores, Ulcers, and biftula’s.

XI. The DecoSion in Wine or Water. It has
all the former Virtues, but may be given in a
much larger Dole, as from a quarter of a Pint
to half a Pint: If Honey is diffolved in ir, it
makes a good Gargarifm for a Sore Mouth and
Throat; and being Bathed very hot upon any
Inflamadon or painful Tumor, it abates it, and
gives eafe in the Pain.

XII. The Pouder. It has the Virtues of the

Juice and Decotlion; and may be given a dram
at a time, morning and evening, for all the
purpofes aforefaid, in any proper Vehicle, ftrowed
thick upon any foul running Sore or Ulcer, it clean-
fes, drys up the humors, and induces the healing.
Alpmus lays, it is given every morning falling
to flop the overflowing of the Courfes in Wo-
men, as alfo other Fluxes of Blood, in any
part of the Body. !

XIII. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Bruif-
ed Leaves, and is applyed by Country people,
to heal any limple green Wound, which it is
faid to do, to admiration. Applied in the Extre-
mity ol the Gout, ir is a lingular thing to eafe the
Pain, and that in a (hort time.

XIV. The Ointment or Balfam. They are
good Vulneraries, reprefs rhe flux of humors to
the part, eafe pain in a Wound, running Sore
or Ulcer, cleanfe, dry, and heal the difaffeaed

parr, being alio wafhed with the Juice or De-
co&ion.

XV. The DiJIil/ed Water. It is ufed as a
Vehicle, to take the Juice or Effence in ; and
mixed with Honey makes a Gargarifm for a
Sore Mouth and Throat ; a little Camphir dif-
folved and mixed with it, makes a good Oph-
thalmick, for Sore, Rheumy, and Watering Eyes,
and lb alfo it is a very good thing to clear
the Skin from any kind of Deformity.

CHAP. DCXXXIX.

0/ SOPE-WORT,

OR,

BRUISE-WORT.

I- Names. It is called by fome in Greek

-L ETffStor; Struth'mm (from its flouring and
cleanfing quality, but it is not the Struthmm of
Diofcorides , Galen, Pliny, or Theophraffus ) in
Latine, Saponaria (from its great flouring fa-
culty) Viola agrejiis Tragi-, Struth'mm Fufchij -
and in Englilh, Sope-wort or Bruife-morr.

II. The Kinds. We have but three forts of
it growing with us in England, viz, 1. Stru-
thium Vulgare, Saponaria Vulgaris ; Our Com-
mon Sopewort. 2. Saponaria fore duplici Sope-
wort Double Flowered. 3. Saponaria Anglica folio
convolute which Gerard calls Gem, ana Concave.
Hollow Leav’d Sopewort. He plac’d it next
to the Gentians, thinking ir a Species of them-
but it is plainly manifeft to agree in its
form with Saponaria, as in its Roots, Leaves
and Flowers, and not at all with Gentian but on-
fig,, ” “S bitterilefs> which is no diftinguilhing

The Defcriptions.

III. The fitft, or Our Common Sopewort Its
Root creeps under ground jar and near 'with
many Joints, of a brown color on the out fide
and yelhwijh within, J. hooting forth in divers
places many weak round Stalks, full of joints
jet with two Leaves apiece at every one of them'
on the contrary fide. It Inch are Ribbed fomethinl
like unto Plantane , and fafhioned like the Com
mon field white Campion Leaves , feldom bovine
any Branches from the ftdes of the Stalks but
fet with divers flowers at the Top, ftaniine in
long husks like the Wild Campion, made of five
Leaves apiece, round at their ends, and a little

rnnm r °f * Pale ty' color

a/mojt White, femetmes paler , and fometimes of

a deeper color, having a reafonable good fimell

IV. Gerard deferibes it thus. Its R„o1s arc
thick, long, creeping aflope, having certain firings
hanging at them, like the Roots of black He 1%.
bor, which if they have once taken good and fiurc
footing ,n any grounf it is almofi impoffible to
defray the Plant. The Stalks are Jlippery /len-
der round, jointed , and a foot and a half high
or higher: the Leaves are broad, fet with Veins
very like broad Leav'd Plantane , but lefl'cr

growing

10^8 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I

Sope-wort or Bruife-wrt.

growing out of every joint by Couples for the
mofi port, thofe ef pc daily which are ncarejl the
Roots bowing backwards. The Flowers in the
Tops of the Stalks , and about the upper moji joints ,
arc many , well fm riling, and fomc times of a
beautiful red color like a Rojo ■, fometimes of a
light Purple or White , which grow out of long
Caps , conjijling of five Leaves in the middle oj
which are certain little Threds.

V. The fecond, or Sopewort Double Flower’d.
The Root is like the former , fpreading it felj
within the Ground, and rijes up in fever al di-
fiant places like the Jingle. It has many long
and fender round Stalks, fcarcely able to fuflain
the mf elves, or fiand upright, being jull oj joints,
and ribbed Leaves at them, every one fomething
like a fmall Gentian or Plantane Lea}. At the
Tops of the Stalks fiand many Flowers, confifiing
of two or three rows of Leaves, of a Whitifh or
Pale P tuple color , and of a Jlrong Jweet fmell,
fomething like the fmell oj Jafmin or Jejfamy
Flowers, J landing in long, thick , pale, green
husks, which fall away without giving any Seed,
as moji other double flowers which incrcafe by
the Root do. .

VI. The third, or Hollow Leav’d Sopewort.
This Plant ( which is peculiar to our Own Land )
has a Root which in its form and manner oj
running, is very like unto the fir (l defer died,
but much j mailer . It fends forth divers weak,
round Jfalks, with fewer joints than in the firft
kind, find at every one of them One Leaf, fel-
dom more-, which either encompaJJ'es the Stalk
at the bottom (as many of them do) or being

rr J “ J //'C UI J l U/lK

encompaffcsts before it opens it feif on the oui’-
f,U, and fometimes it open, not n fell „t all
[hrfo Leaves are Ribbed Me the former, Jome-
wha broader and rounder at the ends The
Stalks have no Branches at all, but from Come
of the upper joints, and at the Tops , graze three
or four flowers upon /lender Toosjhlks , in hng
busks, eonflfitng of five Leaves for the moji
part fomething broader at the ends than the
Angle fort, and uneven, which many times break
the husks tn which they fland, either on the one
fide or the other and are of a Tale White color
*' tfP'C'aUy »n the flies.

\ II Tie Places. The firft grows Wild in
many low and wet grounds in fevers! puts of
this Land, and near to Rivers and running Brooks
in Sunny plates ; but is now brought into Gar-
dens for the Bower lake, ferving chiefly for &
decking up of Houfes. The fecond or Double
flower d was brought ro us from beyond Sea
and is only Nurlt up in Gardens. The third’
is a Native ol England, and has been found
growing in a little Grove, called the Spiimy
near Litchborrow in Kotshamlonfhire. *

yin. The Tunes. They flower in June and
Ik Ip continue all Augufl , and part of
September before they are quite fpent.

c J’f Tbgy are hot and dry in

the firft degree; Aperitive, Abfterfive, Diuredck
Emollient and Vulnerary, Stotnatick, Hepatick

Acuity*'^’ 3nd Laxatlve> from their fcowring

A They open obftruflions

of the Reins and Womb, cleanfe the Bowels
and are good againft Sand, Gravel and Tartar
m the Rems and Bladder : profitable for the
healing of Wounds; and is faid by fome to
be a Cure for the Lues Venerea , or French
ro x.

XI. The Preparations. You may make there-
of, I A Juice or Effence. 2. A Decotfion of
the Leaves according to Septalius. 3. An Oint-
ment or Balfam. 4. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

XII. The Juice or Effence. They provoke U-
rme, and cleanfe the Urinary patTages from Sand,
and Gravel, and Tartarous matter, give- eafe in
the Strangury, loofen, the Belly, and are faid
to be profitable againft the. Dropfie and the
foul Difeafe. Dole 2 Spoonfuls or more mixt
with any proper Vehicle.

XIII. The Eecotfion of Septalius. Take frefh
or green Sopewort 2 handfuls : lnfufe for a night
in a Gallon of Water, the next morning \ boil
them together, and jiratn out by prejjtng , the
one half of the Water fweeten with Raifons or
white Sugar, to be drank as ordinary drink at
Meals : the other half is to be refervei to be taken
7 or 8 Ounces at a time every morning faffing wbiljt
in bed, and gently to fweat upon it. Tofuch as
are Cholerick, it is to exhibited being made with
the addition of a handful of Sow-Thiftles or
Navel-wort, and in Womens cafes with the Jar-
thet addition of half a handful of bilipendula
Valet (dixit ille) £7 pro mulieribus ad menftrua
alba abfumenda. Septalius fays, that one Zapata
a Spaniard found out the Virtue of this Plant
fince whofe time it has been written of by
Etjlachius Ruditts de mortis occulSts & venena-

sts

Chap. 6 dp. Englifh ‘Herbs. io49

its Lib. 5. Cap. 18. and by Ccefar Claudinus de
ingrcjfu ad inftrmus pag. 41 1. and pag. 417. but
principally by Ludovicus Septalu s AnimadverJ .
Med. lib. 7. Numb. 214. where Treating of De-
co&ions in Ule again!! the French Pox, he
mentions the fingular Fffe&s of this Herb againft
that foul Difeal'e. His words are thefe : 1 mult
not in this place omit the ule of anorher Alexi-
pharmical Deco&ion, being very effectual and
ufeful tor the poorer forr, namely that which
is made of Sopewort, an Herb common, and
known to all : Moreover I have fometimes ufed
it with happy fuccefs in the molt contuma-
cious difeafes: but it is of fomewhat an in-
grateful Tafte, and therefore is referved for the
poorer people. This Decoftion Scptalius fays,
he has ufed Sxpe ac fepius , oftentimes, or over
anti over again many times.

XIV. The Ointment or half am. Being appli-
ed they heal fimple green Wounds to admira-
tion : and if they be foul, they cleanfe them
after a fingular manner, and then heal them in
a ihort time after.

XV. The Cataplafm of the Green Herb. Coun-
try people in divers places, do ufe to bruife
the green Leaves, and apply them to their fingers,
hands, legs, or other parts, when they are cut,
to heal them again. It hinders Inflamations,
and a dux of humors, and fpeedily induces the
Cure.

fowre Tafie. The Stalks are /lender , bearing
purp/ifb long heads , in which lye three corner d,
fhining , brown See/ like , but Leffer than that 0}
Docks.

(J.f

CHAP. DCXL.

of SORREL Garden and Wild.

I- hT'HE Names. It is called by the Arabians ,
X as Sarapio, Humaath : in Greek,
and by Galen , i. e. Lapathum acidum

or Rumcx acidus -, in La tine, Oxalis from the
Greek, and Acetofa : in Englilh Sorrel.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral fpecies of
this Plant. 1 . Oxalis five Acetofa hortenfis , al-
fo limply Acetofa , Our Common Garden Sorrel.
2. Acetofa maxima Germanica. Great German
Sorrel. 5. Oxalis five Acetofa Sativa vel Romana
rotundifolia , Round Leav’d or Roman Sorrel.
4. Oxalis radice Tuberofa , Tuberous Rooted Sor-
rel. 5. ’0'a.r'is (s.iKey., Acetofa Sylveflris, Acetofella
Lapatiolum acidum , Acetofa minor Lanceolata
Sheeps Sorrel, or Field Sorrel. 6. Acetofa Cambro-
Bri tunica Montana Mountain Sorrel "of Wales.
7. Acetofa Americana. , Acetofa Veftcaria Ame-
ricana, Weft-India Sorrel, or American Sorrel.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firft, or Our Common Garden Sorrel.
Its Root is J'mallcr than any Dock Root , brown ,
and full of Strings , abides all Winter without
decaying , and has green Leaves all the while ,
except in the very extremity of Frojl and Snow \
which many times caufes its Leaves to perifh .
It fprings up with tender long green Leaves ,
Jat and frU of Juice , broad , and bicorrid as it
were, next unto the Stalk like Arach , Spin age,
or Our Engltfh Mercury , having a pleafant Jharp

IV. The fecond, or Great German Sorrel, /at
Root and manner of growing is like the former ,
but the Leaves thereof are much larger, and
fometimes a little Curl'd at Edges, the joints of
the Stalks are great and Tuberous, ft ic king out
like knots, which being taken from the Stalk,
and put into the Ground, will take Root , and
bring forth Leaves like the Mother Riant, the
Seed, and fo all its other parts, are anfwerable to
the proportion of the Leaves.

V. The third, or Round leav’d, ox Roman
Sorrel. Its Root is fmall and threddy, creeping
about for the moft part every where, and /hooting up
heads of Leaves round about. In the Leaves of
this Sorrel the chief difference confifts, which are
Jbort and abnoft round in fome plants, and in
others fomewhat round pointed, with Ears or
pieces on both ftdes next the Footftalk , of a
paler green color than the former. The Stalks
arc weaker, not J landing upright, but the flowers
and Seed differ not from the Common Garden
fort. The Tafte is of a much more pleafant
JharpneJ's than the others, and therefore the more
deft r able in Sallets and Sawces.

VI. The fourth, or Tuberous Rooted Sorrel.
Its Roots are many Tuberous clogs f aft ned by firings
to the lower part of the ftem, not much unlike to
thofe of Peony, or Filipendula -, from the head
of the Root the Leaves fpring forth, which are
inform fmething like to the Ordinary or Common
Garden Sorrel, but larger, Jharp pointed, and not
fo broad next to the Footftalk. The Stalks,
Flowers and Seed, are anfwerable to the Common
Kind-, but the Leaves grow confufedly upon the
Stalk, without any order, not differing much in
form, from thofe of Patience, Garden Dock, or
Monks Rhubarb.

VII. The fifth, or Sheeps Sorrel, or Field
Sorrel. Its Root is long, branched out and ftringy.
It does not much differ from the Common Garden

6 S ' Sorrel ,

1050 Salmons Herbal.

Lib. L

Sorted but in its fmallnefs , and length of its
L . '-'x, which arc fomething finally pointed at
the farther end , broadeft in the middle , with two
fmall cars at the lower end next to the Fuotftalk ,
a pale green color , fomevohat whitifh , and of

Sorrel Field or Sheep.

a fomre tafte like the Garden Sorrel , but not full
out fo acute , but more Styptick or Afiringent.

In its Stalks , &*</, and form of growing it is
much like to the Jirft Garden kind.

VIII. The fixth, or Mountain Sorrel of Wales.

J/j Root is fmall and threddy , abiding many years.

[t grows up with fmall Stalks , branched forth
diver fly with round heaves Jet thereon , dx alfo
growing at their bottoms , L^/ upon a

long Foot ft a Ik /wv» fomething like to the Wall

Fenny-wort , /w/ that they cut in on the lower part,
which ends on both Jidcs , ahttoft like to the third
Species aforegoing. The flowers are whitifh , W
not red like others -, but the husks with Seed
which comes afterwards are reddijh , and contain
brown , fhining Triangular Seed , almoft in Jhape
like a Tetrahedron, and very like to the Seed of
the Common Garden and Field Kinds.

IX. The feventh, or Weft-Indian, or American
Sorrei. Its Root is fmall and Threddy , perifhing
for the moft part every year. It has J. lender
"ft raked Stalks of about a Foot and a half high,
leaning fome times down to the Ground, and fpr end-
ing themfelves into many Branches, fomething
reddijh towards the Tops. The Leaves arefmooth
and thick, of a reaf enable fize, fomething like a
Garden Sorrel Leaf, but that the lower points
arc not fo long, but rather Jhort like an Arach
Leaf, of a pale green color, and fomething Mealy
withal l, every one , upon a long Footflalk , and of
a more Jharp fowre Tafte, than our Sorrel. At
the Tops of the Stalks and Branches, the flowers
grow in a long Spike , like our Common Sorrel, ,
but greater, and of a greenijh red color . After '

which come round, yet cornered skinny fwoln
husks hanging downwards, of a reddijh color,
ftriped with redder Veins , veiy beautiful ', in
which are contained two , or three Triangular
finning Seed.

X. The Places. The firft four grow only in
Gardens, tho* the firft has been laid to have
been found growing Wild. The fifth grows wild
in many of the Medows of this Kingdom-, I
have alfo found it growing Wild in feveral
places in the South Carolina. The fixth grows
upon barren Sandy grounds, and has been found
growing upon feveral of the Mountains in Wales.
The feventh grows in feveral parrs of America,
and our Weft-India Plantations.

XI. The Times. They Flower and Seed in
May and June, much ahout the time when the
common forts of Docks, Flower and Seed.

XII. The Qualities. Sorrel is Cold in the
firft degree, and temperate in refpeft to moifture
or drynefs, It is Abfterfive, Aftringent, Stoma-
tick, and a refifter of putrefaction. It is much
ufed in Sawces both for the Well and the Sick,
cooling a hot Stomack and Liver, provoking
Appetite and refrefhing the Spirits when almoft
fpent. It is of a pleafant Acid Tafte, and if
well Cook’t up, gratifies the Stomach Admi-
rably.

XIII. The Specification. It is good againft
Fevers and Inflamations, Quenches Thirft, ftops
vomiting, removes Naufeoufnefs and loathing,
encreafes Appetite, heals foul Ulcers and Can-
kers in the Mouth and Throat, and is of ex-
cellent ufe againft all malign, contagious and
peftilential Difeafes.

XIV. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, 1. A Juice or E (fence. 2. A Decoflion.
3. A Conferve. 4. A Syrup. 5. A Cataplafm.
6. A Di filled Water. 7. A Pouder of the
Seed.

The Virtues .

XV. The Juice or EJfence. Given from one
Spoonful to three, either alone, or with fome
proper Vehicle, they cool the heat of Fevers,
quench Thirft, and take away the malignity
of Infe&ious and Peftilential Diftempers; flop
vomiting, given with Syrup of Mint, or mixt
with Mint Water; abate the heat and over-
boiling of Choler in the Stomach, provoke Ap-
petite, and after a Angular manner refrefh the
Spirits. Mixt with Honey, or Syrup of Mul-
berries, and a little Styptick Red Wine, they
cure Cankers and Ulcers in the Mouth and
Throat.

XVI. The Decoflion in Water or Wine. It has
all the Virtues of the Juice or Effence, but no-
thing near fo powerful, and therefore may be
taken to half a pint or more at a time. Mixt
with the Honey of Rofes, and Wine, it makes
a good Gargarifm for a fore Mouth or Throat ;
and it will be fo much the more excellent if
in every Pint thereof two or three drams of
Sal Prunella be diffolved in it, more efpecially
if it proceeds from heat and Inhamation.

XVII. The Conferve. It is cooling, grateful
to the Stomach, creates Appetite, ftops Vomiting,
and applyed outwardly, abates the pain and heat
oflnfiamations; it alfo ftops Bleeding being out-
wardly applied

XVIII. The

Chap. 64 1 . ‘Englijb Herbs. 1051

XVIII. The Syrup. It is generally made of
the Juice, and is effectual in all the cafes aforefaid;
and is profitable againft a hot Catarrh, or flux of
Rheum falling upon the Throat, and Lungs, (fie.
refills purrifadlion.

XIX. The Cataplafm. It may he made either
of the Cold Green Herb, a little hruifed : or of
the Green Herb, Hewed by it felf without any
addition in a Sawce-pan, or between two Pew-
ter Dilhes; it is good againft Wounds and
Ulcers made by PunSures, Thrufts, Cuts and
the like. Hops their bleeding, cleanfes and heals
them fpeediiy. It alfo eafes pains of the Gout,
and cools the heat of Inflahtations, &c. It is
good againft frettings and galling of the Skin,
Ringworms, Tettars, E fe. The Leaves wrapped
up in a Colewort Leaf, and fo roafted under
the Embers, and then applied as a Cataplalrn
to any hard Apoftem, Botch, Boil, or Plague
Sore, it ripens and breaks them, and helps alfo
to difcufs Strumous or l'crofulous fwellings in
the Throat and other parts.

XX. The D/j} died Water. It is good for all
the purpoles aforefaid, but mull be taken in
larger quantities, as lour or fix Ounces at a
time, fweetned with the Syrup aforegoing. Take
Juice of Sorrel fix Ounces: of the Diftil/ed
Water tvio Ounces : Syrup of Sorrel one Ounce
and a half mix them. Of this the Patient may
take two or three Spoonfuls now and then, in
any hot difeafe, or burning Fever: it cools In-
flamation and heat of the Blood in Agues, re-
fills pellilential difeafes , abates the heat and
Boiling of Choler, teltores the Crafis of the
Blood, revives the fainting Spirits, reprefles the
violence and furious hot fits of Agues, quenches
Thirlt, provokes Appetite., Kills Worms, and
is truly Cordial; expells Gravel and Stone
from the Reins and Bladder, and is profitable
againft the Jaundice.

XXL The Pouder of the Seed. Given to a
Dram in any proper Vehicle, it chears the heart
revives the Spirits, Kills Worms in the Body,
Hops Catarrhs, and the Terms in Women, alfo
the Bloody flux, and all other Huxes of the
Bowels, Vomiting, OF. likewife being taken 2 or
3 times a day, it is fuid to refill the Poifon
of the Scorpion.

CHAP. DCXLI.

Of SORREL WOOD,

OK,

SOUR TREFOIL.

I. HE Names. It is called in Greek :
X and in Latine, Oxys, Oxys Pliniana Lib.
27. Cap. 1 7. Oxytriphyl/um Tragi and Lacuna,
(but Oxytriphillum, is a more proper Name for
the (harp pointed Trefoil-.) Trifolium acetofum ,
Pattis Cuculi , (Cuckows meat) alfo Alleluja ,
(becaufe it was in flower, when in Ancient
times , Alleluja was wont to be Sung in
ChufcHtS:) and Lujula (a corrupted word from
Juliola , as in Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples
it is called:) in Friglxfb, Wood Sorrel, or Sour
TrefoiL

II. The Kinds. The chief forts common with
us are, r. Oxys Plinij, Alleluja , Lujula , Oxys
alba Communis , Trifolium acetofum Vutgare ; Our
Common Wood Sorrel. 7. Oxys flore Luteo
Clufy ; Oxys lutea corniculata repens Lobelij ,
Trifolium acetofum corniculatum Bauhini, Oxys
Americana , Yellow Flower’d Wood Sorrel.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firft, or Our Common Wood Sorrel
Its Roots are nothing but Strings fa/ined to the
end of a fmall long Piece , all of them being of
a yellowijh color , not perifhing every year, but
abiding with fome Leaves thereon in the Winter.
It grows low upon the Ground without any Stalky
rlfing from it , having a number of Leaves coming
from the Root , which Leaves are made of three
parts like a Trefoil [ but broad at the ends , and
cut or dented in their middle (almoft in form
df a Heart) of a faint yellowijh green color ,
each one Handing on a long Lootfialk , which at

Sorrel Wood Common.

the,r fir /I coming tip, are clofe folded together
to the Stalk , but opening themfelves afterwards ,
and are of a plcafing four relijb , more grate-
ful and p leafing than any of the former Sorrels ,
“nd. yielding a juice , which will turn red when
it is clarified , and make a mojl delicate clear
Syrup. Among thefe Leaves rife up divers
J lender weak Fmtjia/ks, not growing higher than
them , each one having a Flower at its Top , cori-
fifimg of five fmall and pointed Leave! ] Star
fajhion , of a white color in mojl places] or in
fome dajht over with a fmall Jhow of blufii , and
in fome (but on the backfide only ) of feme 0.
ther colors. The flowers being paji, there Jo/low
fmall round heads , with fmall yellowijh Seed in
them.

IV. Gerard deferihes it thus. Its Root is very
Thready, and of a reddi/h color. It is a kind

i S i ef

105 2

Salmon j Herbal . Lib. I

of three Leav'd grafs , and is a low and humble
herb , without Stalk: the Leaves immediately
rifing from the Root upon Jhort Jlems : at their
firfl coming forth folded together , but aftewards
f [’reading themfclves abroad , of a fair light green
color , in number three , //&? //?£ /fe IV^-

jW/r, but that each Leaf has a deep cleft in
the middle. Among thefe Leaves come up fmall
and weak tender ferns, fuch as the Leaves do
grow on, which bear fmall Star like flowers of a
white color , with fome bright nefs of Carnation
dafht over the fame. The flower conflfls of five

Sorrel Wood Yellow Flowered.

fmall Leaves, after which come little round knaps
or husks, full of yellowifh Seed. The whole
herb is in Tafle like Sorrel, but much fharper
and quicker, and makes better Green Sawce than
any of the former Sorrels. Johnfon in Gerard
fays, that he had fome of thefe Plants fent him,
with very fair red flowers, which were gathered
in a Wood of Sir Thomas WalAngham’s, called
Stockwell Wood, at ChificT-hurft' in Kent, and
in a little round Wood thereto adjoining.

V. The fecond, or Yellow Flower’d Wood
Sorrel. Its Root is a bufh of Fibres, and abides
all Winter without peri thing, if it be not too Vio-
lent or Cold, the Extremity snaking them rot
and perifh, fo that then the Plant mufl be raifed
from Seed fown again. It fhoots forth feveral
flendcr , weak, reddifh Stalks , trailing upon the
Ground , yet growing in a heap as it were, the
Stalks take Root at the Joints as they lye,
fpread into many Branches , with many Leaves
on them, flanding flngly one above another, and
made of three Leaves, cut in at the ends like

the former, but are much f mailer , and of a
Paler Green Color : at the Joints with the Leaves
come forth three or four fmall flowers together,
at the end of a long Footflalk, yet each Jeparate
from the other, confi fling of fmall and Pointed Leaves
like the former, but contained in f mailer, and
longer heads, like Cods or Horns, yet not Crooked
but pointed fmall, which quickly fall away being
touched when they are ripe , and fpring up again
all about where it grew.

VI. The Places. The firft grows very plenti-
fully in many places in England, in Woods and
by Wood-Tides, where it may be moift, and
fhadowed from the Sun, alfo in other places
not too open to the Sun Beams. The fecond
grows in Spain, Italy and Sicily 5 but in a vaft
plenty in almoft all our worne out Plantations
of Maze, in South Carolina, and other places
adjacent thereto, where I have gathered it ma-
ny times: there is fcarcely any Herb which
grows in greater plenty in thofe Countrys than
this.

VII. The Times. The firft Flowers early in
April and May the other in June , July and
Auguft, and fo continues in flower, till the Cold
of Autumn caufes it to periih, the Seed ripen-
ing in the mean time.

VIII. The Qualities. Thefe are of the Tem-
perature, and properties ol Common Sorrel in
the former Chapter ^ bat more Potent to all
thofe purpofes, and are fpecial Alexipharmicks
or Antidotes againlt the Plague, and all forts
of Peftilential, Malign, and Burning Fevers.

IX. The Specification. Wood Sorrel refills
Vomiting, ftrengthens the Stomach, hinders pu-
trifa&ion of the Blood, quenches Thirft, provokes
Appetite, and is eftcftual again!! the Plague,
Spotted Fever, Calentures, and other like Malign
difeafes.

X. The Preparations. You may make there-

from, 1. A Juice. 1. A De coition or rather In-
fufion. 3. A Syrup. 4. <A Conferve . 5. A Ca -
taplafm . 6. A Diflilled water .

T be Virtues .

XI. The Juice. It has all the before Speci-
fied Virtues, cools Inflama;ions, takes away all
preternatural heats , whether in the Stomach ,
Bowels, or habit of the Body, refills putridity,
and is moft Angularly excellent againft any
Contagious ficknels, or Peftilential Fever. Mixt
with a fit quantity of double refined Sugar,
it makes molt incomparable Green Sawce.

XII. The Decoition or lnfufion. They have
the Virtues of the Juice, but not fo efteftual,
and may be given half a Pint at a Time: if
they are made in Wine (whether White or Red,)
they will be fo much the more effe&ual in
fome cafes, more efpecially where no Fever is
prefen t.

XIII. The Syrup. It is effe&ual in all the
Cafes aforementioned , does exceedingly cool,
and abate the heat of Fevers * and mixed with
the Juice, makes an excellent Gagarifm for a
Sore Mouth and Throat, being Gargled there-
with and fpit out, and then frefh taken in ^ it
wonderfully helps a {linking foul Canker, or
Ulcer in thofe parts ^ and is Angular good in
Wounds made by Cut or PunFture, flopping
their bleeding, and cauftng them fpeedily to
heal.

XIV- The

V

XIV. The Conferve. It is Cordial, refrelhing
in hot Fevers, Hops Vomiting, and (lengthens
a weak Stomach, and is profitable againlt Ca-
tarrhs or hot defluxions of Rheum upon the
Stomach and Lungs.

XV. The Cat aplafm. It is made either of the
whole green herb bruiled : or made of the
Herb, Hewed between two Pewter Difhes, and
brought to a Confidence with Crumbs of white
Bread. It abates the heat of Inflamations and
other hoc Tumors, cures Ample Contufions, be-
ing prefently applyed, viz. whilfl they are re-
cenc; applyed to Ample green Wounds alfo, it
heals them in a Ihort time, by Hopping the
Hemorrhage and conglutinacing their Lips.

XVI. 2 he Difiilled Water. It has all the
Virtues of the Juice and Decotlion or Infufion,
but very much weaker: Ir quenches thirlt, and
cools inward heats of the Stomach, Lungs and
Liver, being taken morning, noon, and night,
half a Pint at a time, liveetned with the Syrup
aforenamed; and l'o mixed it makes a good
Gargarifm for Sore agd Cankerous Mouths and
Throats.

DCXLII.

Of SOUTHERNWOOD.

THE Karnes. It is called in Arabick, Cathfum ,
Kcfum, or Gaijjum : in Greek, 'AC&nm'.
in Latine Abrotomtm , after the Greek , but
more ufually Abrotanum as the Shops call it :
and in Englilh, Southernwood.

II. The Kinds. Authors have a great ma-
ny Species of this Plant; we (hall only
Treat of the four following, as being more
ufual with us. r. Abrotanum mas , Abrotanum
vulgare , Abrotanum nigrum Cordi , Our Common
Southernwood. 2. Abrotanum mas Angufiifolium
Bauhim ; Abrotanum Magnum Camphor aturti qui-
bufdam Incenfaria Camerarij , Great Southern-
wood. 3. Abrotanum Fatmina arborefcens Do -
donai ; Abrotanum latifolium arborefcens Bauhini ,
Abfimhhtm arborefcens Gcrardi , Lobe/ij , Lug-
duncnfts , and Tabcrnetmontani. Tiee Southern-
wood, ot Female Southernwood; formerly, and
by feme Authots l avender Coiten was accounted
to be the female Southernwood, and called Abro-
tanum feemina, but that is error. 4. Abrotanum
odontum humi/le , Abrotanum kumilc O' ienfe
fn, tic film Lobelij ; Abrotanum Tertium Tragi ;
Abrotanum mas anguflifolium minus ; Small fweec
Southernwood.

The Descriptions.

III. The firfl, or Our Common Southernwood.
Its Root grouts not very deep, but is Woody with
Several firings adjoining to it. It rifes up with
many weak and Woody Branches bending down-
wards, if they be not held up, efptcially while
they are fmall , for the elder fients are more
firong and great, rifing in time to be higher than
a Man ; from which grow out many fmall and
long Branches, on which are Jet many fmall, fine
and fhort Leaves, as fine as fennel , but not fo

long of a Grayijh or Ruffet green color, of a firong
pleafant fmell, and fomewhat bitter la fie. front
the mifidle almoft to the Tops of the upper fortes
grow fmall round yellow flowers, hanging like
little Buttons, which never open much, but oafs
away, and after them come the Seed, which is
Smaller than that of Wormwood. The Stalks
ana Branches lofe all their Leaves every Tear
and fhoot forth afrefh in the Spring. This is
our Common Garden Southernwood-, the others
bang not fo ufual, and for the moft part called
by other Karnes , Scarcely being acknowledg'd to
be any Species hereof.

IV. The fecond, or Great Southernwood. The
Root is like the firfi which is woody, and runs
under ground in the fame manned. This greater
kind is altogether hke the jogmer , growing as
high, or rather higher, and with Leaves like
thereunto, but fomewhat larger and greener and
oj a firong refinous fmell, not altogether [0 plea-
font as that, but coming fomthing near to Cam-
pbir or Irankmcenfe : The flowers and Seed dif-
fer not from the firfl common , but are hke to
them in all ref pelts.

V. The third, or Tree Southernwood, or Fe-

male Southernwood. Its Root is woody, Spread-
tng it Jelf out with many Strings and fibres
It is a rare Plant, grows upright with one fiem
or fialk to a Mans height, ,f the lower fmall
fpngs be cut off from it the growing, and

Jboots jorth many Branches on all fidcs on
which grow many leaves, very much cut in
and divided, but are nothing fo fine and fmaU
as the former-, but yet a little quicker, and
nearer rcfembhng Wormwood, as it does alfo in
its tafie, and more Aromatick than common
Southernwood. The flowers Jiand at the Tops
of the Branches , being more plentiful, and larger

than

sP54 Salmon’/

that the firmer ; ta yellow like them , ttfler
zchich comes the Seed, which is alfo fontewhat
larger. Tbit Plant is more tender that! the o-
ihcrs , and requires fome care to prr/erve it in
Winter , mere than tbofe do.

VI. The fourth , or Small fweet Southern-
wood. Its Root is woody , made of many little
flings, and fpreads like the others. It Jlmts up
zoith many Jmall woody Branches , rifing feldom
above half a yard high , but very thickly Jpread-
ing into ether [mailer J prigs , Jet full of J. mall
Leaves, fomewhat longer, greater, and greener
than the Common. The Tops of the Stalks are
replcnifhci with many J mall round heads , which
yield j. mall yellow greemfh flowers. The whole
'Plant, as well Leaves as flowers and the Sprigs ,
give a very good and pleqfant fmell , more than
the others do, but a little inclining to the Worm-
wool /cent.

VII. The Places. TbeopbraJIus fays, that
Southernwood delights to grow in Places open
to the Sun. Dtofcorides lays, it grows in Ca-
Jtadoria and Galatia in Afta, and in Hierapolis
3 City of Syria. Pliny commends that molt
which grows in Galatia and Sicily. They are
all of them Planted in Gardens with us, and
the firfl: grows almolt in all Gardens every where.
The fecond grows in Germany, from whence it
was brought to us. The thi'rd grows in Italy,
and other warm and Southern Countries. The
iourth is only found in the Gardens of Exaft
and Curious Herbarills.

VIII The -Times. They moll of them flower in
July and Augujl, and lometimes in September.
Vv.ien they flower late they feldom bear Seed;
and 'he Seed of the third is leldom feen.

IX. The Qualities. Southernwood is hot and
dry in the end of the third degree It is Aperi-
tive, Attra&ive, Ablterfive, Difcuffive, Carmina-
tive, Anodyne, Diuretick, and RarefaQive ; Ce-
phalick, Neurotick, Cardiack, Hyfterick, Nephri-
tick, and Alexipharmick.

X. The Specification. It cures Cramps and
Convulfions, is good again!! the Strangury, If-
curia, Scone and Gravel, provokes the Terms,
is an Antidote againlt Deadly Poifon, the bi-
ting ot Serpents and other Venomous creatures:
Cures Agues, Kills Worms in Children, cafes
the Spleen , is good again!! Fits , heals Ul-
cers in. the Privities, and draws Splinters and
Thorns out of the Flelh.

XI. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, 1 A Liquid Juice. 2. An EJJence. st.
A Decodion or lnfufion of the Leaves, Tops and
flowers. 4. A Pouder of the Herb. 5. APoudcr
of the S-r.l, or Seed Bruifed. 6. An Oil by Info-
lotion or Decodion. 7. A Balfam. 8. A Cataplafm.
a. The AJhes. 10. A Dilii/led Water. 11. A
Spirit. 12. A Difiilled Oil. 13. A Spirituous
TinQure. 14. An Acid TinUure. IJ. An Oily
Tindure.

The Virtues.

XII. The Liquid Juice. It is a counter-poifon,
ox Antidote againlt all deadly poifon, the bitings
of Serpents, of the Pbalangium ox other Veno-
mous Creatures; provokes Urine, and the Terms
in Women, facilitates the Birth, and brings away
the Afterbirth. Dofe one or two Spoonfuls in a
Glafs of Wine.

Herbal . Lib, 1

XIII. The EJJence. It is good againlt Convul-
fions, obftruEtions of the Terms, Strangury, Sand,
Gravel and Tartarous matter in the Reins, Ureters
and Bladder ; and taken to 2 Spoonfuls or more in
a Glafs of Vinegar, or Brandy, fometime before
the coming of the fit of an Ague, it is laid to
cure it. It has indeed all the Virtues of the
Liquid Juice, but more potent, and withal more
pleafant to take. It reftifies the Crudity of the
Stomach, is good again!! Surfeits, ObltruUions
of the Liver and Spleen, and Kills Worms in
the Bodies of human kind.

XI V. The Decodion or lnfufion of Leaves ,
Lops, and flowers in Wine or Water. They have
all the Virtues of rhe Liquid Juice, and Effence,
but m-ay be given in a much larger dofe, as from
a quarter of a Pint to half a Pint, morning,
noon, and right. The Plant is a lingular good
Wound Herb, and therefore thefe preparations
may be of exceeding good ufe in curing Ample
Wounds, and other ill conditioned Sores, not
eafie to be healed.

XV. The Ponder of the Herb. It is often gi-
ven to a half Dram to Kill Worms in Children :
and taken in Wine it is a counter-poifon, and
profitable againll the Stinging of Scorpions, and
bittings of Spiders, Mad Dogs, or other Veno-
mous Creatures.

XVI. The Pouder of the Seed. Infufed in
warm water and drank, it is faid to help fuch
as are Butllen, and are troubled with Cramps,
Convulfions, Sciatica, and Strangury, or difficulty
of making Water, and provokes the Terms in
Women. The fame pouder taken in Wine has
the Virtues of the Juice and Efl’ence, and is an
Antidote again!! Poifon, gives eafe in the Co-
lick, and other pains of the Stomach and Belly,
and Kills Worms in Children. Dofe from half
a Dram to a Dram in any proper Vehicle, morn-
ing and night.

XVII. The Oil by htfolation or Decodion. A-
nointed on the Back-Bone, before the coming of
Ague fits, it is faid to take them away, and
allays the Inflamations of the Eyes being mixed
with the Pulp of a Roafted Quince and applyed :
anointed alio upon other Parts pained from a
cold and moil! caufe, it eafes the Pain, and
llrengthens the part : and is faid to Kill Lice alfo
in the Head.

XVIII. The Ba/fam. It is Abllerfive, Anodyn,
drying, healing, and therefore good for the. cu-
ring of Ample Green Wounds, and old running
Sores, and putrid Ulcers, more efpecially if a
little pouder of Scammony be mixed with it
and applyed, beAdes which, it llrengthens the
parts, and hinders deHuxions of humors upon
the fame.

XIX. The Cataplafm. Made by boiling the
Herb with Early Flower , it is good againl!
Pimples, Pulhes or Wheals, which appear or rife
in the face, or other parts of the Body. Made
of the Bruifed Herb and applyed, it draws forth
Splinters and Thorns out of the Heffi. The
Pouder of the Herb, or its Tops and Seed made
into a Cataplafm with Pulp of Quinces and
Crumbs of White Bread, and applyed to Irfla-
mations in any part, it cools, allays, and eafes
the Pain.

XX. The AJhes. They dry, and heal old
Ulcers which are without Infiamation, although
they be fharp and bite much; they alfo heal
Sores and Ulcers in the private parts of Man
or Woman : mixed with Old Oil Olive, and a
little Chymical Oil of Savin, and anointed upon a

Bald

Chap. 641. EngUJb Herbs.

Bald Pate, it is Paid to caufe the Hair to grow
again ^ and feme fay, that the juice thereof mix-
ed with Oil does the fame thing.

XXL The Di filled Water. It is Diuretick, and
laid to help them much which are troubled with
the Scone ^ and prevails alfo againlt Wind, Va-
pours, and obltru&ions of Liver, Spleen, Reins,
and Womb. It is not fo grateful as Wormwood
Water, yet ftrengthens the Stomach, and other
Vijccra.

XXII. The Spirit. It comforts and ftrength-
ens the Head, Brain, Nerves, Eyes, Stomach,
Spleen,^ Reins, and Womb, is good againft Faint-
ings, Swooning , Convulfions, and other diflaf-
fections of the Pracordia, $e.

XX I II. The Di filled Oil. It is prevalent a-
gaintt Palfies, Numbnefs, Tremblings, Cramps,
Convulfions, Pains, Aches, and other like Di-
ftempers of the Head, Brain, Nerves, and other
parts, heing anointed upon the Spina Dorfi and
places affeUed: fo alfo taken inwardly from
5 to 10 Dropts in any convenient Vehicle. It
provokes Urine and the Terms, haftens and faci-
litates the Birth and After- Birth, eafes or pre-
vents. alter pains and caufes due cleanfing, £y<r.

XXIV. The Spirituous TinUure. It has all
the Virtues of the Juice, F.flence and Infufion,
but is much more Stomachicai , and may be
given from 2 Drams to 4, in any convenient
Vehicle.

XXV. The Acid Tintture. It is prevalent a-
gainlt the Plague or Peftilence, Spotted Fever,
Calenture, and all other Contagious and Infecti-
ous Difeafesj ftrengtnens the Stomach, and 0-
ther Tifcera , caufes a good Appetite and Di-
geftion j and after an Emetick, is a Angular good
thirg againft Surfeiting and Drunkennefs ^ and
has indeed all the other Virtues of the Liquid
Juice, Eflence, DecoUion and Pouder. Dofe, fo
many Drops as to make the Vehicle grateful-
ly Acid.

XXVI. The Oily Tintture. It is a potent thing
againft Sand, Gravel, Stones, and Tarcarous mat-
ter in the Reins, Ureters, and Bladder, gives
eafe in the Strangury, takes away Pain, Heat,
and Scalding of Urine, is profitable againft the
Colick, expels Wind, provokes the Terms, haft-
ens and facilitates the Birth, After-Birth, 0V.
Dofe a gut. x. ad xxx. or more, (upon an Exi-
gency) in any proper Liquor.

CHAP. DCXLIII.

0/ SOW-BREAD,

I. H E Names. It is called in Greek ,
K'.y.Ady.ivQ- : by the Arabians, Buchomaricn :
in Latine, Cyclamen^ Cyclaminos , Art unit a , Partis
Porcinus , Tuber Terr a?, Terra Rapum : in Eng-
lifil, SowBread-

II. The Kinds. Authors have given us many
Species of this Plant, at leaft a Dozen feveral
kinds thereof ^ but we fhall chiefly Treat of
thole which are moft common with us, which
are the following , viz. 1 . Cyclamen Vulgare
folio rot undo \ Art unit a Communis , Our Common
Sow-Bread. 2. Cyclamen folio hedera autumnale ,
Ivie Leav’d Sow-Bread. 3. Cyclamen Vernurn
fore pur pur eo^ Spring Sow-Bread Purple Flower’d.

•

i°55

fir CydaJ!ten rernum Jiore albo , Spring Sow-Bread
u hire P lower’d, y. Cyclamen Romanian Rotundi-
jolmm , Roman Sow-Bread round Leav’d. 6. Cy-
clamen -eftivum, Summer Sow Bread.

The Dejcriptftws.

III. The firft.Or Our Common Sowbread, f which
is moft ufed in Aporhecaries Shops.) Its Root is
round and not flat , oj a brown color , and not
fo black on the Outfide as fome of the others.
It has many Leaves fprcai upon the Ground
riftng from certain [mall long heads, which grow
jrom the greater round Roots, as thofe of the
following do, being in like manner with them
folded together , and afterwards fpread themfelves
into round green Leaves fomething like to the
Leaves of Afarum, but not Jhining, without any
white fpots (for the moft part) on the upperfide,
and red or purplijh underneath , and very fel-
dom greener. The flowers ftand upon [mall Yoot-
ftalks, and [hew themfelves open for the mofl
part, before any Leaves do appear , being [mailer
and Jhorter than tho[e with the Ivy Leaves nxet
following, and of a pale purple color, yet fome-
what deeper , hanging down their heads, and turn-
ing up their Leaves again , as all the others do
but more facet than any of the Autumn flowers.
After the flowers are paft, come the heads , turn-
ing or winding themfelves down in like manner
as the others do, having fuch like Seed as they
have, but fomewhat larger, and more uneven, or
at leaft not fo round .

Sowbread Common.

IV. Gerard, deferibes this firft Species after
this manner. Its Root is round like a Turnep,
black without , and white within, with many fmall
firings annexed thereto. It has many green and

round

io 56 Salmon s

ILcjz'ts, like unto A farabacca^jdvmg that the up-
per port of the Leaves bre feme times mixed
here and there confufcdly with white /pots , and
■under the Leaves next the Ground of a purple
< hr. Among which rife up little Stemms like
unto the Stalks of Violets , bearing at their Tops
J mall purple blower s, which turn themf elves hack \
and ( being full blown) are in form of a Turks
Cap or Tulip , having but a fmall fmell , or al-
m off none at ail j which being paf little round
knobs or heads fuccccd , in which are contained
i lender brown Seed. Thefe knobs are wrapped
after a few days in the f 'mall Stalks , cue thread
about a bottom , where they remain fo defended
upon the G found, from the Injury of the Win-
ters cold, covered alfo with the green Leaves a-
forefiid, by which tneans it is kept from the
fro!}, even from the time of its Seeding (which,
is in September) until June*, at which time the
Leaves : fade away , the Stalks and Leaves re-
maining bare and naked-, whereby having the
power of .the Sun upon them, they are the fooncr
brought to Maturity.

V: The fecond, or Ivy Leav'd Sow- Bread. 1/s
Root grows to be great , being round and flat,
and f a blackifh brown color on the out fide. It
grows in the fame manner which the others do-,
and brings forth flowers with the Leaves flome-
1i7r.es, or 7770J} co77imonly before them : whofc flow-
ers are greater than the common round leav’d
Sow-Bread, Come what longer than the Roman or
Italian Sowbreads , and of a Paler purple color,
dmofl blufh , without that Sweet Scent as is in
the next following. The greater Leaves hereof,

Sow-Bread Ivy Leav'd.

arc tit ore long than round, pointed at the ends,
and having a! jo one or two corners on each fide,
/ 77t es much /potted on the upperflde with
\ V;tc /pots end marks , end Jomctimes but a lit-
tle or net at all. And fo like wife, fometimes

Herbal . * Lib. I.

more or lefs Purple underneath. All the Leaves
and Homers do fland ufual/y every one feverally
by tbemfehes upon their own /lender Lootfialks
as moft of all the ■ other hinds do. But Jomctimes
it happens that both Leaves and flowers are
found growing from one and the fame Stalk
which 1 take rather to be Accidental than Natural
fo to continue. The Seed hereof is like the Seed
of the other kinds , which being Sown produces Vari-
ety., both in the form of the Leaves, and color
and fmell of the flowers, Joine being paler or
deeper, and fame more or lefs fweet than others.
The Leaves are fame of them more or lefs cor-
ner'd than others.

VI. The third, or Spring Sow-Bread Purple
Flower’d. T bis has a fmaller Root than mo ft of
the others, yet round and blackifh on the out fide,
as all or mofi of the reft are. from whence rife
up divers round, but pointed Leaves, and fome-
thing corner’d withal, green above, and f potted
with white fpots Circlcwfie about the Leaf, and
reddifb underneath which at their firft coming
up, are folded together, from among which come
forth the flowers, of a reddifb purple color , and
vay fweet, every one upon a fmall, long, and
) lender reddifb footftalk, which hanging down their
heads, turn up their Leaves again. After the
flowers arc paft, the Head or Seed Vcffel /brinks
down, winding its footftalk, and Coiling it felf
like a Cable, which when it touches the Ground
abides there , hid among the Leaves, till it js
grown great and ripe -, in which are contained
a few fmall round Seeds, which being prefently
Sown, will grow firft into round Roots, and after-
wards from them, Jboot forth Leaves.

VII. The fourth, or Spring Sow-Bread white
Flower’d. This is a/moft in all refpeSs like the
former-, the chief eft differences being in its
Leaves, which though they are much like the
hft deferibed, yet are not fully fo much corner’d •
the flowers are alfo fmall , and Snow White, being
full out as fweet as the former Purple flow-
er’d.

VIII. The fifth, or Roman round Leav’d Sow-
Bread. Its Root is round and Black, and not fo
flat as fame are, but growing fometimes to be
greater than any other hind of Sow-Bread. It
has round Leaves, fomething like unto the firft
or Common Sow-Bread, but not fully fo round
pointed at the' ends, a little corner'd fometimes
alfo, or as it were indented, with White fpots
round about the middle of the Leaves , and very
confpicuous, which makes it feem the more beau-
tiful. The flowers come forth in Autumn , and
are jhorter , and of a deeper purplijh red color,
than the Ivy Leav’d Sow-Bread, rifling up for
the mo/i part before the Leaves, or at lea) I with
them, and little or nothing fweet. There is Jome-
times fome Variety to be feen both in the Leaves
and flowers of this kind , for that fometimes the
Leaves have more corners, and are either more
or lefs f potted with while. The flowers are
likewje fome larger or leffer , fome longer or
rounder, and fome paler or deeper colored one
than another ; which happens very likely from the
Sowing of the Seed, and quality of the Soil as
is oftentimes alfo feen in the Ivy Leav’d Sow-
Bread. The Seed of this, (as of all the reft)
is fmall and round, contained in fuch like heads
as the former , J landing abttcft like the head of
a Snake , which is twined or folded within the
Body thereof. This and the other Autumnal kinds,
prefently after their Sowing in Autumn, fhoot
forth Leaves, and fo abide all the Winter' ac-
cording to their kind.

•

IX. The

Chap. 6^.

Herb,

s.

ick

57

IX. The fixth, or Summer Sow-Bread. Its
Root is likewfe finally black , and round. It has
round Leaves like unto the Roman Sow-Bread ,
but jomewhat corner’d, yet with Shorter corners
than the Ivy Leav'd Sow-Bread ; full of white
J pots on the upper fide oj the Leaves , and very
purple underneath ; fometimes they have fewer
Jpots , and little or no Purple underneath. The
flowers arc ftnall and as Purple , and as fweet as
the purple Sow-Bread of the Spring , at Sefl. VI.
aforegoing.

APPENDIX.

There are fome few other Species of this Plant,
which though not common, yet becaufe they
are to be found in the Gardens of fome curi-
ous Florifts, we (hall adventure to add in this
place.

X. A feventh Species. Cyclamen vernum Cre-
licurn f.ore albo : Candy Spring Sow-Bread white
flower’d. This is almolt in all things like to
the former white flowered Spring Sow-Bread
at Sell. VII. aforegoing, laving that the Leaves
grow much larger and longer, with more corn-
ers at the Edges, and more eminent fpots on
them. The flowers are white alfo but fome-
thing longer and larger, in which things con-
fift the chief differences.

XI. An eighth Species. Cyclamen folio hedert
autumnale flore albo : Ivy Leav’d Sow-Bread
white flower’d. This has its Leaves rounder,
and not fo much corner’d as the former Ivy
Leav’d, at Sell. V. aforegoing. It flowers in
Autumn as that does, but its flowers are wholly
White, and has no other notable difference.

XII. A ninth Species. Cyclamen anguflifo-
lium Autumnale : Long leav'd Sow-Bread. Its
Root is Tuberous and blackifh ; and by reafon
its Leaf is longer and narrower than others, it
is eafily to be diftinguifhed from all other kinds,
it being fafhioned at its bottom with Points’
fomething like to Aron or Wake Robin Leaves!
The flowers are like the other forts for form
but of a purple color. There is alfo another of
this kind, in all things like this now deferibed,
faving that the flowers are white.

XIII. A tenth Species. Cyclamen Antioche-
num Autumnale flore purpurea duplici -. Double
flower’d Sow-Bread of Antioch. Its Leaves are
fomething round, like unto rhe Leaves of the
Summer Sow-Bread at Sell. IX. aforegoing, but
with lefs notches or corners, and full of white
fpots upon them. It bears flowers on its Stalks
like unto others, faving that they are double;
and likewife fome Stalks which have two or
three of thofe double flowers on them, which
are very large, with ten or twelve Leaves apiece,
like unto the flowers of the Spring Purple Sow-
Bread, at Sell. VI. above, being of a fair Peach
color, and deeper color’d at bottom.

XIV. An eleventh Species. Cyclamen Antioche-
num Autumnale flore fimplici \ Single flower’d
Sow-Bread of Antioch. This Species is alfo
like the laft deferibed in its Roots, Stalks,
Leaves, and Flowers, faving that the flowers of
this are Angle. There is alfo a Spring Sow-
Bread of this kind with Angle flowers, exaftly
like the eleventh fort, differing from it only
in the leafon or time of flowering.

XV. A twelfth Species. Cyclamen Antiochenum

hernum flore albo duplici. White double flow-
et d Spring Sow-Bread of Antioch. This is ex-
actly like the tenth Species at Sell. XIII. afbre-
gomg, faving that this flowers in the Spring
which flowers are as large and as double as
thole, and of a pure white color.

. XVI. The Places. All or moll of thefe grow
in Foreign Countries as Syria, C audio , Greece
Italy, France , and Germany ; but with us thev’
are generally Nurllup in Gardens. Gerard lavs
that he had heard it from Men of good Credit
that Sow-Bread (the full common kind) grows
upon the Mountains of Wales-, on the Hills of
Lincolnshire , and in Sommerfetfhire , upon a Fox

"e,3r 2. a Tovvn called ^"dwgton.

■ XVII. Tfe T«sc.r. The Spring kinds flower
in March and April. The Summer kind in May
fune and July ; and the Autumn kinds in the
latter part of Augufl and through the whole Month
ol September, when the Plant is without Leaf-
which does afterwards fpring up, continuing
Green all the Winter, covering and keeping warm
the Seed till MidSummer next, at which time it
will be ripe.

XVIII. Obfervat. i. Of the Spring Cyclamen's
lome have round Speckled Leaves-, Red Flowers
and fmell Sweetly ; others have long Leaves
and White Flowers-, others Yellowilh Flowers’
and others, whole Leaves are like Violet Leaves
and their Flowers Pale. ’

XIX. ObS 2. Of the Autumn Cyclamen's there
are fome whofe Root is round and as broad
as the Palm of Ones Hand, bearing a Red Flow-
er with a fweet Smell. There blows one in
this Seafon, called the Constantinople Cyclamen
which the firft year bears twenty flowers; the
lecond, fiity ; the third, two hundred : but thev
have no fmell. Others of them bear White
Flowers: Other Flowers of a Carnation color.
The German Cyclamen has a very great Roor
and red flowers, but without any fmell. ’

XX. ObS 3. They are raifed by Seeds ; but
the opting Cyclamens are to be Sown in the
Spring, and thofe of the Autumn, in the Au-
tumn. They are rarely Sown in Borders or
Beds, but in Pots, fill’d with a very light Earth
mix’d with Mould, which when it is well pre-
pared, the Seed is to be Sown in it; which ought
c° fuU ,r,'Pe> when the Leaves are fallen
the Footltalk quite llirunk up, and the head or
Cafe containing the Seed opens of it felf

XXI. ObJ. . 4. They are to be fet in the
Ground an inch deep, and two inches diftance
alunder \ and then they are to be expofed to
the Sun, and prudently watered; that the heat
and humidity which contribute to Vegetation
may caufe them the fooner to fpring up • other’
Plants bring forth their Leaves firft, bur the
Cyclamen firlt forms its Bulbs, and afterwards
it Flowers.

XXII. Obf 5. They are not to be Tranf-
planted till three years after they are Sown ■
and then they are to be put into Pots fill’d
with Subftantial Earth, abounding with Nitrous
Salt: the larger rhe Pots are, the more room
they will have to grow in, whereby they will
the more extend themfelves, and produce the
greater quantity and the finer flowers.

XXIII- -Obf. 6. When you Tranfpiant them
put their Bulbs two Inches deep in the Ground
not deeper, left they fhould fink, fo as to de!
prive the Eye of thefe Plants from the Enjoy-
ment or the Air, whereby hurting their fpring-
mg, you may for that reafon hinder them
6 T from

1058 Salmon* Herbal Lib, L

from -.'oducing their Flowers; they ought a.lo
to be kept warm, and Hous’d in Winter tor
the Winters Cold is a Mortal Enemy to them
in reflect both to its Flowers and Leaves.^

VX'IV. Obf. 7. The Spring Cyclamens ought
tr, 'dwell in an Airy place, and where the Sun
y , ns Hi ilte directly upon them, hecauie they
1 - to bring forth (lowers at the end ot
W aiter when the heat of the Sun is very feeble or
fell, ’and has no great power on Vegetables.
Bur the Amumn.il Cyclamen’s , are to- pined in
a little (hade, becaufe they blow better, where
the Sun Beams are not over piercing, than where
they are expoled to greater hear.

XXV. Obf. 8. If the Cyclamen thus put into
a Pot (hoots out abundance o( new Branches,
and you find it too dole therein, or that it
begins to droop a little, you mull immediately
change the Pot for a larger, full of new Earth,
and abounding with Salts, and then it will cer-
tainly thrive to your content.

XXVI. Obf. 9. Always be fure alfo , when

you diiphnt your Cyclamens, not to take away
the Earth which is about their Roots * tor it
it happens that their Fibrous Roots are put
out of order , they will not grow , and their
Roots will decay and rot: wherefore tne lutelt
way will be, when you remove them, to take
up Earth and all. _ . , ,

XXVI l. Obf. 10. Thefe Plants, tho they may
be multiplyed by Seed; yet rhey ate former
propagated by Roots (lipp’d of. One Stock is
enough to produce a great many, hecauie it is
a Vivacious Plant. , . . . . .

XXV ill. Obf. 11. They are Multiplyed thus.
As foon as the Leaves are fallen, pull up your
Stocks, and cut them fo when you flit them,
that there may be one good Bud upon each
Stock; then put them into a cool dry place %
and let them remain there, till they are dry d
fo much, that there will appear a iort of Skin,
on the part where you made the Incilion.

XXIX. Obf 12. Then you mult cover the
cut place with Turpentine, or fp anijk Wax,
and fo replant them, taking care to fupply
them at firft with lean Earth* hut afterwards,
to fill the Pot, with a fatter fort of Earth, not
watering them prefently, or for feme time, viz.
till it begins to (hoot* and then it is to be
lookt to, as before directed.

XXX. T he £>.'/ alitics. Authors fay that Sow-
Bread is hot and dry in the beginning of the
third degree. Arid Galen lavs, it is Attenuating,
Aperitive, and Abfterfive, AttraSive,. and Dige-
ftive, and an opener of the Mouth ot the Veins,
all which properties are mamfeft from the par-
ticular operations thereof. It is alfo Cathartick,
givt , by Ciylter, or external Application : And
tho' it may and has been given inwardly, yet
it ought to be given with Caution by reafon of
its danger.

XXXI. T he Specification. It opens Obitru-
aions, provokes the Terms, eafes the Head-ach,
helps the Spleen, gives eafe in the Colick and
Torments of the Bowels, is profitable againft
running Sores and Ulcers, and a Angular thing
againft the Yellow Jaundice.

XXXII. The Preparations. You may make
therefrom, 1. A Liquid Juice < 2. A Decoffion.
q. AGargarifm. 4. An Ophlhalmick. 5. An 0-
lalgick- 6. A Pouder of the Root. 7. An Oint-
ment Compound. 8. A Peffary. 9. A Cataplafm.
ic. A Di filled Water.

The Virtues.

XXXlil. The Liquid Juice of the Root or
Herb. It opens the Hemorrhoids or Piles, and
ftrongty moves to Stool, being put up with
Wool or fome fuch like, as a fuppofitory. And
Clyftervvife Mefues fays, it caufes tough Elegm
to be avoided. It is alfo mixed with fuch Me-
dicines as difeufs Swellings, Kernels, and other
hard knots, in any part cf the Body* and Snuf-
fed up the Noftrils as an Errhine , it purges
fas the fame Mefues fays) the Head and Brain
from evil humors which offend it * it eafes al-
fb the Head-ach and the Megrim. Galen alfo
farther fays, that if the Belly be Bathed with
the Juice, it will torceably move it downwards
and Kill the Child in the Womb.

XXXIV. The Decoffion in Water. It has the
former Virtues, but much weaker * It heals
Wounds and running Sores in the head, eafes
pains in the Bones, and ftrengthens Limbs out
of Joint. It is faid alfo to cure Chilblains and
Kibes, and give relief in the Gout.

XXXV. The Gargarifm. It is made of the
Juice , 4 Ounces mixed with Honey an Ounce , by
diffolving or melting the Honey in it. It draws Rheum
and Humors from the head and parts adjacent,
gives eafe in the Tooth-ach, aad heals Sores in
the Mouth and Throat.

XXXVI. The Ophthalmic k. The Juice mixt
with equal parts of Honey, it draws away the
offending Humors in the Eyes by the Noftrils
being Snufft up, and outwardly applied to them,
it removes that difeafe of the byes called the
Pin and Web.

XXXVII. The Otalgick. Let the Root be
Beaten with Peachftone Kernels, and Bitter Al-
monds, and then fteeped in a little Brandy for
three days, after which prefs out the Milk or
Cream. Two or Three drops of this being put
into the Ears which are Deaf, or have a great
Noife in them, gives relief after a fhort time
of ufing ir.

XXXVIII. The Pouder of the Root. The Root
either drank in Pouder, or ufed as a Peffary,
provokes the Terms in Women, and is profi-
table for fuch as have the Yellow Jaundice,
driving the difeafe forth thro5 the Pores of the
Skin. It may be given from 2 Scruples to a
Dram, or Dram and half, in Mead, or Honied-
water, and fo it purges downwards tough and grofs
Flegm* and other (harp Humors. Taken in Wine
it is faid to be profitable againft all forts of
Poifon, and the Bitings of Venomous Creatures,
being alfo outwardly applyed to the Part, and
taken inwardly in White Port Wine, it opens
obftruflions of the Liver and Spleen, and helps
fuch as are Purfy and fhort winded * but fome
fay it ought to be correfled with Pouder of
Maftich or Nutmeg, which hinders its Violence
in purging* and thereby many have had help
of rhe hardnefs and fwelling of the Spleen, which
could find no Remedy by the ufe of other
things. It gives eafe alfo in the Colick, Belly-
Ach, and other Torments of the Bowels.

XXXIX. The Ointment Compound , called Un-
guentum de Artanita. Take Juice of Sow-Bread q
Pounds: Oil of Or rice 2 Pounds , frefh fweet
Butter , Juice of Wild Cucumbers , ana , 1 Pound:
Polypodium 6 Ounces : Pulp of Coliquintida 4
Ounces ; Euphorbium half an Ounce : The things

t0

Chap. 644, ‘EngHJh Herbs. 10 59

to be brufcd being bruifed -, /# ;/;m be Jieeped
in a G la Jed . clofe fhut 8 afterwards

boil them in a double Veffel, till the Juice is
aim oft confumed. , /fovz pre/s out the Liquor ,
dijjolve therein Yellow Wax five Ounces : and
whiljt warm mix with it Saga pen urn dijjolve d in
Vinegar , B#//r Gd// abjtratted to the thicknefs
of Honey , tf/z Ounce : 'Then put in thefe

things following in Louder, Sc ammo ny, Turbith ,
Coloquintida , Mezereon Berries or Leaves ,
tf/w, 7 Drams: Sal Gem half an Ounce: Eu-
pborbium, long Pepper , Myrrh , Ginger , Camomil
flowers , 9 Drams mix and make an Oint-

ment. It purges by anointing it upon the Sto-
mach and Belly, and therefore is good for fuch
as cannot take Purges by the Mouthy and fo
ufed it is good againlt the Dropfy, becaufe it plen-
tifully evacuates the Watery Humor. So anoint-
ed it alfo Kills Worms, and drives them out.
Anointed upwards to the Pit of theStomach it caufes
Vomiting. It is a ftrong kind of Purge, and
doubtlels is of extraordinary fervice in curing
fuch as have the Dropfy, for the reafon before
Specified.

XL. The Pejfary. Ir is made either of the
Green Root, or of the Pouder of the Root. It
itrongly provokes the Terms, endangers mifear-
riage, facilitates the Birth, brings away the After-
Birth, and forces away the Dead Child.

XLI. The Cataplafm. The Root made into a
Cataplafm with a little Honey, and applyed,
draws forth Splinters and 1 horns out of the
Flefh, and gives eafe in the Pains of the Gout.

XL II. The DiJUlled Water from the Roots.
Matthiolus fays, that being Snufft up the No-
ftrils it wonderfully flays their Bleeding * and
that if fix Ounces of it be drank fweetned with an
Ounce of fine Sugary it will flop any Flux of
Blood from the Vifcera , as Stomach, Lungs,
Liver, &c. after an admirable manner, yea tho’
fome Veffel or Vein be broken. If two Ounces
of the Water is mixed with four Ounces of
the Juice, and the Skin be Bathed therewith,
and fuffer’d to dry in, it cleanfes ir, takes away
Freckles, Pimples, Scurff, Tanning, Sunburning,
and all other deformities thereof

CHAP. DCXLIV.

Of SOW - THISTLE.

I. rTfHE Names. It is called in Greek 2o^©-
X (anrin mtv yj.avt quod Salubrem fundat Suc-
cum:) in Latine, Sonchus: and in Englifh, Sow-
Thifile.

II. The Kinds. We make but two principal
kinds of this Plant, viz. i. Sonchus Levis , The
Smooth Sow-Thiftle. 2. Sonchus afper / The
Prickly Sow-Thiftle. Of the firfi Specie's there
are feveral forts, of which thefe are chief, viz.

1. Sonchus Lxvis vulgaris , Latluca Leporina A-
puleij, Brajjica Leporina , Lailucclla being ac-
counted by fome as a kind of Wild Lettice.)
Intybus Sylvejiris Jive erratica Tertia Tragi -,
Endivia Sylvejiris Loniceri -, An dry ala minor Da-
lechampij -, Sonchus Lcnis feu Lavis Cordi , Son-
chus non afper , Sonchus vulgaris , Sonchus folijs
Laciniatis Our Common Smooth Sow-Thiftle.

2. Sonchus Levis alter , Sonchus Levis floribus
parvis , Sonchus alter profundis Lacinijs Sinuato

hederaceo Lobelij -, Sonchus Levis vulgaris fecun-
dus O/ufii -, Sonchus Sylvaticus quart us Taber-
namontani Scar tola Sylvejiris Latluca Species

Galem Anguilara Latluca Sylveftris flore luteo
Gefneri in hortis Germania , Latluca Murorum
Offal pint \ Sonchus Levis Laciniatus Mur alls
floribus parvis Bauhini -, Our Leffer Common
Smooth Sow-Thiftle. 9. Sonchus Ltevis latifolius
flore albo Gerardi & Tabernamontani ; Sonchus
Lavis Minor paucioribus Laciniis Bauhini -, Broad
Leav’d Sow-Thiftle with White Flowers. 4.
Sonchus Lav is Anguftifolius Bauhini , Sonchus
Lavis Matthioli Lobelio -, Sonchi genus terra Crifpa
Gefneri in hortis Terra Orepola Oafalpini -, Ore-
pis Dalechampij Lugdunenfe •, Narrow Leav’d
Sow-Thiftle. 5. Sonchus arborefeens -, Sonchus
quint us Olufl] ■ Sonchus Lavior altijfvtius , Great
or Tree Sow-Thiftle. 6. Sonchus Dendroides
Dalechampij , Sow-Thiftle Tree not Branched.

III. Of the fccond Species , or prickly Sow-
Thiftle , there are alfo feveral forts of which
thefe are chief, viz. 1. Sonchus major afper
non laciniatus , Intybus Sylveftris feu erratic us
folijs acutis Tragi-, Sonchus afper major Oordi -,
Sonchus tenerior aculeis afperior, aut horridiuf-
cula Lobelij-, Sonchus afperior Dodonfi Lf Lug-
dunenfis -, Sonchus afper non Laciniatus Bauhini-,
Sonchus alter in ruderibus Oafalpini-, The Greater
Prickly Sow-Thiftle with whole Leaves. 2. Son-
chus afper minor non laciniatus \ Sonchus afper
minor Oordi , The leffer prickly Sow-Thiftle. 9.
Sonchus afper Laciniatus , Sonchus afper vulgaris -
Sonchus afper Puchflj, Gefneri , Matthioli, alio-
r unique-, Oicerbita afperior Ericij Oordi -, Sonchus
Spinofus Anguilara -, Andryala major Lugdunenfts ,
Our Common prickly Sow-Thiftle. 4. Sonchus
afper Laciniatus Oreticus Bauhini, Cretick prick-
ly Sow-Thiftle.

Sow-Tbifile Smooth Common.

The

6 T 2

io6o Salmon j- Herbal. Lib. I.

The Defcriptions.

Sow-Tbifile broad heav'd.

I. Of the Smooth Kinds .

IV. The ttrft, or Our Common Smooth Sow-
Thillle. Its Root , grows downright , and has ma-
ny Fibres adjoining to it , pe riffling every year ,
and rai fling it flelj from the Sowing of its own
Seed every flpring. It is a plant well known ,
and rifles up with a round hollow Stalk , two,
three , and [umetime even four Feet high , if it
grows in good ground, or in Gardens, as ufually it
does, fet with many long and much torn leaves,
of a whitifh green color, not having that rottghnefs,
or thofle fharp prickles on them, which are in
the P richly Kinds. It Branches forth towards
the Top into divers arms, all which bear pale
yellow flowers, which pafs away into down, which
with the Seed are carried away with the Wind.
The whole Plant being cut or broken, gives
forth plentifully a White or Milky juice, which
is more p/cafant than that of the Prickly kinds,
and not fo bitter.

V. The fecond, or Our Common letter Smooth
Sow-Thiltle. The Root of this is like the former,
and it grows much like it, but not fo high, nor
has it Jo many Leaves fet on its Stalk, but they
are long and more torn on the Edges, elfc not
unlike to the aforegoing. The many Branches of
the Stalk have fewer and f mailer leaves. The
flowers are like, but much fl mailer than the flrft,

Sowtbifile Smooth / mall Common.

/jji', or like Milky juice with that.

VI. The third, or Broad Leav’d Sow-Thiftle
with White Flowers. Ihe Roots, Stalks , and

Sow-Tbifile narrow Leavd.

Chap. 6a

1061

heaves of this are like the lafi , but the Leaves
are fomething larger and broader , with fewer
rents , otfr, or divifions on the Edges the flow-
ers hereof are like in form , but white , which
with the breadth and magnitude of the Leaves ,
/Ztf principal differences . T/tf Roar and
other parts of the Plant arc Milky and the
leaves are great , fmooth , £mv7 of color and fharp
pointed. And Johnfon //? Gerard y<zy.r, that the
flowers of this are for the mojl part yellow like
as the former : and indeed all that ever l have
yet Jcen have been of the yellow color-, nor ever
faw any of them zohich tended to white though
poffible in Jome other Foreign Countries and Cli-
mates they may be really White.

VII. The fourth, or Narrow Leav’d Sow-Thi-
file, Its Root is long and Jlendcr , and gives
Allik , as the whole Riant docs beftdes. It has
but few Leaves , and tkofe very long and nar-
row,,.zvhofe lower parts arc narrowefl , and have
no incifure at all : but from the middle almofi
forwards , they arc broader and have divers
Gafhes on both fides , greater and deeper , and
others fmaller , efpecially towards the ends where
they are broadefl. 'The Stalks grow fomething
low , and fpread out into but one or two branches ,
which are fet fparingly zoith Leaves , the upper -
mojl whereof are long , but not divided , or very
little, and encompafs the Stalk at the Foot ; which
bear one large yellowijh flower , upon a long
ft raked top branch , zohich being ripe , with the
Seed fly away with the Wind.

V III. The fifth, or Grear, or Tree Sow-Thiftle.
Its Root is great and whitifh , accompanied with
many great Fibres or firings , not pcrifhing in
the Winter but encreafwg every year. It grows
to the height of a Man , with a ftrong Stalk ,

Sovo-Tbifllc Tree, or Great.

an Inch or more thick in its diameter, fmooth
liraksa, and without arty prickles-, about which
grow many Leaves, divided into four, and fome-
times into five divifions, placed on each Cldc, one
again/t another, and encontpajfing it about at the
lower end where they have mttny f, nail pieces
filching forth beyond the Stalk. The upper
Leaves have no divifions, nor prickles on the
Backs, but foft ones on the edges upon the
dents, and are green on the upperfide, and gray-
S!lea,h ' the wbo!e Vlant being full of
Milk. The Stalk is parted at the Top into fe-
veral Branches , bearing at their Tops many
flowers jet together, as it were in an Umbel,
all oj them being of an even height, which are
Jntall 7 n comparifon of the ta/lnefs of the Plant

,b°fe °f lbe Common Sow-
Thiftle ftrjt defer ibed, compofed of many yellow
Leaves, cut in at the ends , encompaffing a mid-
dle thrum, , which is more yellow, which zohen
they are ripe pafs into down with grayifh fnped
heed therein, both which are carried away with
the Wind.

IX, The fixth, or Tree Sow-Thiftle not Branch-
ed. It has a great hlackifh Root with fever al
Strings adjoining to it ■, from whence rife up
fever al ftrong, tall, round Stalks three or four
feet high , without any Branches at all , but thick
fet with broad Leaves from the Bottom to the
Top on both fides, waved or cut in on the
edges, fmaller at the bottoms , and broader to-
wards the ends , which are pointed. From the
Tops of the Stalks , and like wife from the joints
zmth the Leaves , come forth fhort Footflalks,
with 3 or 4 fmall Lettice, or Sowthiftle like
flowers on them , which turn into down, which is
carried away with the Wind. Gerard fays, the
™ot*s &reat> and hard, the Stalk of a

” °°fy fib fiance, the Leaves not unlike Langue-
beef but not fo rough and more deeply cut in
about the Edges: that it has double yellow flow-
ers, and the whole Plant being replenifhed with
a Milky juice, fhews it to be of the kind of
Herby Sowthiftles , otherwife that it might have
been referred to the Hawkweeds, where unto in
face and fhew it is very like. And Johnfon
fays, the heads and tops of the Stalks are very
rough and hairy.

II. Of the Priclfy Kinds.

X. The firft, or Greater Prickly Sow-Thiftle
with whole Leaves. Its Root is long, yellowi/h,
and fomewhat hard when its grown up with a
Stalk, having a number of fmall fibres adjoin-
ing to it. Its Leaves are fomething long and
broad, of a whitifh green color, unevenly dented,
but not gafht or torn on the edges , and every
dent fet with a fharp prickle , fomewhat hard,
and fometimes prickly alfo- along the middle rib ,
on the under fide , y eliding 'a- more 'bitter Milky
juice in every part, when cut or broken, than
tbofe of the fmooth kind. The Stalk is hollow,
fomewhat tender, and as it were winged, with
a Film running upon it, rough and fharp , fet
with fuch like leaves, as grow below, diverfely
branched •, zvith fmall pale flowers growing at
their Tops, which turn into Down and are blown
away zvith the Wind.

XI. The fecond, or Lefier Prickly Sow-Thiftle.
This is in all things like the former , but lef-
fer in every part, having a round Stalk , feldom

above-

1 062 Salmons Herbal. Lib. 1.

above a foot high, fomewbat firmer , and not fo
tender , with /mailer leaves , but as Jharp and
prickly a* the former , which are for the moft
part whole , and not rent or divided-

XII. The third, or Our Common Prickly Sow-
Thifile. Its Root is like to the others. Its Leaves
are vc>y much cut or torn on the Edges into
three or four parts , much feparate aj under one
from another , and /mailer pieces of Leaves fet
between them , of a whitifh green color like the
former , and having prickles on the dented Edges
likewife. The Stalk grows very high fome times,
alfo rough and prickly, with fuch leaves thereon ,
as are below * branched at the Top , on which
grow fuch like pale yellow flowers turning into
down.

XIII. The fourth, or Cretick Prickly bow-
Thiftle. Its jirjl Leaves are little or nothing
divided on the edges, of about an hand breadth
long or more , but thofc which rife up with the
Stalk, are very much torn in, into great and
deep gafhes , fet with fome prickles likewife.
The Stalk is rough, Jlraked and hollow, half a
yard high, branched from the middle upwards ,
■with fuch like leaves, fet at the joints, but
f mailer. At the Tops (land large yellow blow-
ers, in rough green husks upon long Eootjlalks,
which convert into down as the other do.

XIV. The Places. The firft: four grow in Gar-
dens and Manured Grounds, as alfo in Fallow
Lands and Fields, and fometimes by Old Walks
and path fides of Fields, and High ways. The
fifth and fixth, grow among Willows and Reed,
and fometimes by Old Walls , and Places of
Rubbifh, not often frequented, and many times
in our Gardens. The Prickly Sow-Thiftle grow
in unmanured as well as in manured Soils, alfo in
Palfures, Medows, Woods, Ditch fides, and moift
Grounds, in Orchards alfo and Gardens, where
the Leaves are ufually leffer, and lelfer divided,
than in the rough and unmanured Grounds. The
laft grows naturally in Candy , and as I am
informed has alfo been found growing in Eng-
land, in feveral places.

XV. The Times. The firft four Smooth ones
flower quickly after they are fprung up, for
it is late before they rife out of the Ground, and
continue flowering till Auguft. The Tree or
Great Sow-Thiftles flower in July and Auguft.
The Prickly kinds flower and (bed their Seed
from the middle of June all the Summer long,
and fometimes even to the end of Auguft.

XVI. 1 he Qualities. They are cold and dry
in the firft degree, Anodyn, Deobftru&ive, and
Diuretick, Pulmonick, Stomatick, Nephritick and
Uterine.

XVII. The Specification. They cure Naufeouf-
nels at Stomach, and want of Appetite, Ob-
Itruttions of the Lungs, fhortnefs of Breath, and
difficulty of breathing, help a Stinking Breath,
provoke Urine, and are profitable againtt Stone,
Gravel, Sand, or Tartarous matter in the Reins,
Ureters and Bladder, caufing the Strangury* fa-
cilitate the Birth, and caufe fpeedy and. eafie De-
livery to Women in Travel, eafe pain in the
Ears, help the Hemorrhoids or Piles, take a-
way Warts, and by a Cofmetick property cleanfe
the Skin from molt defeedations ufually attending it.

XVIII. The Preparations. You may make
therefrom. 1. A Liquid Juice or Ejfence. 2. A
Decotlion of the herb in Wine or Water. 3.
An Otalgick. 4. A Cataplafn. 5. A Diftilled
Water .

The Virtues.

XIX. The Juice or Ejfence. The Milk or
Juice taken from the Roots or Stalks, toe. helps
fuch as are fhort Winded, and have a Wheez-
ing withall. Erafiftratus (as Pliny fays) did
therewith caufe the Stone and Gravel to be
voided by Urine, and that the eating of the
Herb is profitable againft a Stinking Breath. The
Juice taken to the quantity of three Spoonfuls
in a Glafs of White Wine warmed (putting a
little Oil Olive thereto) caufes fpeedy and eafie
delivery to Women in Labor, and will make
them to Walk prefently after. The faid Juice
taken in Warm drink, or White Port Wine helps
the Strangury, or Pilling by drops, and eafes the
pain in making Water.

XX. The Decotlion in Wine or Water. It has
the Virtues of the Juice or Effence, but not al-
together fo powerful, and therefore may be taken
to half a Pint at a time, given to Nurfes it caufes
them to have abundance of Milk, prevents their
Milk curdling in their Breafts, and makes their
Children healthy and well colored in the Face.

XXI. The Otalgick. It is made of the Juica
mixt with a quarter part of Oil of bitter Al-
monds beaten together, and heat in the Peel or
Shell of a Pomegranate. This being dropt into
the Ears , is faid to be a lure Remedy for
Deafnefs, Noife, Ringing, and other Difeafes of
the Ears.

XXII. The Cataplafn of the Herb &c. The
Herb bruifed and bound upon Warts, is faid
quickly to take them away * and applied, (or
the Juice of the Herb) to hot Inflamations of
the Eyes, jar other parts, as alfo to Puftules,
Wheals, and other erruptions of the Skin, pro-
ceeding from heat, as alfo in the heat and
pricking or Itching of the Hemorrhoids or Piles, and
heat and fharpnefs of Humors happening in the Se-
cret parts of Man or Woman, it gives eafe in all
thefe cafes, allays the heat or Intfamation, alle-
viates the pain, difeuffes the Tumor, and pre-
vents farther mifehief.

XXIII. The Diftilled Water. It is not only
effe&ual for all the Difeafes aforefaid , to be
taken inwardly a quarter of a Pint or more at
a time, dulcified with a little white Sugar * but
it is that which the molt Nice Stomach will not re-
fufe. Outwardly applied with Cloths or Spunge *
wetted or dipt therein , it cools Inflamations,
and abates the fiery heat of an Eryfipelas or
Anthonies Fire. And it is faid to be wonder-
fully good for Women to Wafh their Faces and
Skins with, becaufe it clears them of any defeedation
or defilement, and adds a Luftre or Beauty thereto.

CHAP DCXLV.

Of SPEAR-WORT:

0 K,

BANE - WORT.

I. *JThE Names. It has no Greek Name that
A we know of : but it is called in Latirie,
Plammula and Ranunculus Flammeus: in Englifh,
Spearwort, and Banewort, becaufe it is faid to

rot

Chap. 643. Englijh Herbs ■>

roc, or exulcerate the Entrails of Sheep it they
eat it, and kill them.

If. The Kinds. There are various farts here-
of, as, 1. Ylamniula major , The Greater Spear-
v.-ort. 2. Ylamsnda miner , The lefier or Our
Common Spearwort. 3. Ylamniula Serrate, Saw-
like Spearwort. 4. Ylammuia Maritime, Marfh-
Spearwort. 5 . Ylammuia palufris rotundifoila ,
Sccler at a Apuleij , round, leav’d Marfa Spearwort.
This fome will have to he the true Apium rifus ,
or Axpium Sardonium, v/hilft others are of another
Opinion, taking that to be a kind of Yulfatila or
Yafjue-flower.

The Defcriptzons.

III. The fiift, or Greater Spearwort. It has
al long jointed Root , Jlorcd with many blackifh
Fibres , from whence rife up a thick jointed
fmooth Stalk , two feet high , furnifhed with
large and long fhining and fmooth Leaves , thin-
ner than thofe in the next *, fome of them ,
being more than half a foot long , /too or
three Inches broad , but fmaller up towards the
top , where fland a few pale yellow Crowfeet like
flowers, but larger than in the others.

IV. This Plant Gerard deferibes thus. Its
Root is compabl of divers bulbs , or long clogs
mixed with an infinite number of hairy Tbreds
It has an hollow Stalk full of Knees or Joints ,

Spearwort Greater.

on which do grow long 'Leaves a little hairy ,
not unlike thofe of the Willow, of a fhining green
color. The flowers are very large, and grow at
the Tops of the Stalks, confifting of five Leaves,
of a fair yellow color , very like to the field
Gold Cup, or Wild Crowfoot. After which come

round knobs or Seed Vcficls, in which the Secd
is contained.

V. The fecond, or LefTer, which is Oar Com-
mon Spearwort. Its Root confifls of an infinite
number of Strings, but in its' Stalks, Leaves,
and flowers it is much like the former, /living that
it is a/togctlcr lejfer. Its Root is nothing but

Spearwort Common or lefs.

io 6^ Salmon j- Herbal Lib. I.

a bujh of Fibres or Threds , which grow and
run deep into the Mud. It grows up with a
greater fore oj fappy green folks , with thicker,
narrower , and j harper pointed Leaves thereon ,
and a greater fore of pale yellow flowers , like
to thofe of Crowfoot -, and the Veffels , Knobs or
Seed , alfo like to thofe of the Crowfoot.

VI. The third , or Sawlike Spear-wort. Its
Roots conflfs of a great number rf hairy Strings.
It is aim of like the laf , faving that this is
oftentimes found , having the Leaves dented a-
bout the Edges , in more plenty than in the o-
ther , becdiije both of them are often feen , the
plain with fome dented Leaves , and the dented
with fome plain Leaves among them. Its Stalk
or Stalks , are thick , fat, and hollow , di-
viding them f elves into divers Branches , on which
are fet fometimes by Couples two long Leaves
Jharp pointed , and cut in about the Edges like
the Teeth of a Saw. The flowers grow at the
Tops of the Branches of a yellow color , in form
like thofe of the field Crowfoot.

VII. The fourth, or Marfa Spearwort. Its
Root is like the former •, and it has fuch like
long Leaves as the /offer Spearwort has at Se£L V.
above: which grow upon long Footfalks , but lef-
Jer and narrower by much. The Stalk is bare
without Leaves , faving that at the Top where
the flowers break forth , it has no fmall long
Leaves. The flowers are f mailer than thofe of
the common fmall fort , but purely white , the
Knobs and Seed being alfo alike. There is a-
not her fort of this kind , which we have had
from Bayon in the Bay of Bifcay, which grows
in their Marfbcs near the Sea Coaft ■, whofe
Roots are like the former , Stalk Branched , Leaves
long and narrow , and fharp pointed at the ends ,
bearing larger yellow flowers than the former.

VIII. The fifth, or round Leav’d Marfa Spear-
wort. Its Root is a bufh of fmall white firings
growing in the Waterifh Mire or Mud. From which
jhoots forth a Stalk round and hollow , about half
a yard high , fpr ending it felf forth into fever al
Branches , the lower Leaves of which are rounder
than thofe above , and are divided much like
to thofe of Doves Foot , or Cut Mallow , but fome-
thing greater , of a bright fhining color. Thefe
leaves are divided fome into 3 parts, which are
the firfi and lowefl , and others which are higher
on the Stalk , into five diviflons , and each of
them dented about the edges , fomewhat like un-
to Coriander Leaves , which are fmooth , and of a
paler green color. Thofe which are yet higher
on the Stalks and Branches , are f ill more and
more divided , and fome of the highefl , have no divi-
flon or Dent in them at all. At the Tops of the Stalk
and Branches ft and fmall yellow flowers , like
unto thofe of Water Crowfoot (but Cordus fays
that he has obfenfd fome to bear Purplifb Flow-
ers:) after which come fmall long round heads ,
in which many Crooked Seeds are Jet together ,
as in the other forts is to be feen.

IX. The Places. They all grow in Moorifa
and Wet Grounds , and fometimes by Handing
Waters , Ponds and Ditch fides , almoft every
where. The firft is more fcarce to be met
withail, but the two next are plentifully enough
in many parts of England. The two laft are
not fo common, but are alio to be found in
Marfa and Wet places, in feveral parts of this
Land.

X. The Times. They flower in May , June ,
and July , and give their Seed in June , July
and Auguf , or loon after.

XL The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the
fourth degree ^ railes Blifters, and being taken
inwardly kills without Remedy. It opens Apo-
ftems, is profitable againft Rooted and Putrid
Ulcers, drawing out their Superfluous moifture.
It is faid to be good againlt the Palfy , and
help Quartans, as Paracelfus , Dodonaus and 0-
thers lay. And the laft or round Leav’d fort
is as fharp and virulent, as any of the other
kinds. They are in Faculties and Virtues like to
the Water , Field, and other Crowf eet, whofe Spe-
cification, Preparations, and Medical Vfes, fee in
Chap. 1 ~j6. Sett. XXV. ad XXXIV. aforegoing of
this Book.

CHAP DCXLVI.

Of SPEED-WELL:

0 H ,

PAULS BETONY.

P fj' HE Names. It has no Arabs ck nor Greek
J. Names that I know of: but it is called
in Latine, Veronica, Veronica Pauli, Veronica
Mas : in Englifa, Speedwell, or Pauls Betony.

II. The Kinds. Authors make two kinds here-
of, viz. Mas Ef Fcemina. The Mas or Male
kind is called Speedwell Pauls Betony , and by
Dodonams , Betonica Pauli JEginet£ of which
in this Chapter. The Fcemina, or Female kind
is called Fluellin and Elatine, of which we have
already Treated in Chap. 295. aforegoing of this
Book, this being another Herb, of a differing
form (as Parkinfon fays) from Speedwell.

III. The Kinds of Speedwell. Authors make
at leaft half a Score Species thereof, but
molt of them growing on the Alps , and in
Auftria , Mount Baldus, Hungary , Styria and 0-
ther Forreign places tar diftant from us, I faall
overpafs them, and only Treat of fuch as grow
in England, which are the two following, viz.
1. Veronica, Veronica Vulgaris Veronica Alas,
Veronica Mas Vulgaris fupina, Veronica Pauli,
Betonica Pauli, Tencrium Tragi , Our Common
Speedwell. 2. Veronica minor, Veronica praten-
fls minor, Veronica minima. Our fmall Medow
Speedwell.

The Defer ipt ions.

IV. The firft, or Our Common Speedwell. It
has a Root running under Ground, and conflft-
ing of many Fibres. It rifes up with divers
foft Leaves, of an hoary green color, a little
dented about the Edges , and fomewhat hairy al-
A ft* by couples at the joints of the hairy
brownifb Stalks , which lean down to the Ground >
never Handing upright, but Jhooting forth Roots
as they lye upon the Ground at divers joints.
The Flowers grow one above another at the Tops
being of a b/ewifh purple color , and fometimes
oj a white color ; after which come fmall flat
husks m which is contained fmall blackijh Seed.

V. The fecond, or Our fmall Medow Speed-
well. Its Root is l Toady, creeps with fmall Fibres

»r

Chap. 6^6, ‘Englijh Herbs . jo6

nr Strings , in the fame manner as the former.
It has many Leaves , f mailer, fmoother , and
rounder titan that , growing by Couples on the
divers fpreading Stalks j and at the Top, fever al

Speedwell Medow Small.

[mall blew flowers, fuccecded by very fmall brown-
ifh Seed, in fmall Seed VeJJcls. Gerard fays at
the Tops of the Stalks or Branches come forth
flender Spikes, ■ clofely thrujl together , and jull
of blewifh flowers, which are fucceeded by many
horned Seed Vejfels,

VI. The F laces. The firft grows almoft in
all parts of England upon dry Banks and Wood
fides, but more efpecially upon other wafte Sandy
Grounds : in Borders of Fields, in Woods and
on Gralfy Mole Hills, almolt every where.
The fecond is more lcarce, but has been found
in a clofe by Barns near London , and in feveral
other Places: 1 have formerly found italfo in fome
Medow Grounds near Lyn Regis in Norfolk.

VII. The Times. They flower all June and
July, and fometimes in Augufl, and their Seed
is ripe in July, Augufl and September.

V 111- The Qualities. SpeedwelL is temperate
in refpeft to heat or coldnefs, drynefs, or moi-
fture ; but is faid to be a little inclining to dry-
nefs.- it is Aperitive, Abfterfive, Cofmenck, Diu-
recick, Vulnerary, Pectoral, Stomatick, Nephritick,
Sudoriflck and Alexipharmick.

IX. The Specification. It prevails againft the
Scurvy and all foulnefs and Corruption of the
Blood and humors, opens ObftruQions of the
Stomach, Lungs, Liver, and Reins, prevails a-
gainft old Coughs, Ulcers, and Inflamations of
the Lungs, and other Difeafes of thofe parts ^
is an excellent Antidote againft the Meafles, Small
Pox, Purples, all Malign, Spotted and Peftilen-
tial Fevers, and the very Plague or Peftilence
it felf ; it alfo prevails againft fretting Old
Sores, confuming or eating Ulcers, fpreading
Ringworms and Tettars, malign herpes, and o-
ther like diftempers of the External parts.

X. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, i. A Liquid Juice. 2. An EJfence. 3.
A Decoflion in Wine or Water. 4. A Fonder of
the herb and Flowers. 5. A Cofmetick . 6. A
Balfam or Ointment. 7. A Cataplafm. 8. A
Spirituous Tinffurc. 9. An Acid Tintture.

1 o. An Oily TinUure. 11. A Diflilled Water.
12. A Spirit.

The Virtues.

XI. The Liquid Juice . Drank to the quan-
tity of four Spoonfuls morning, noon and night,

either alone, or mixt with its diltilled water,
it is good to cure the Leproiy. It is reported rhat
a French King troubled with the Leprofy was
cured of it by the ufe of this Herb, being
ad vi led Thereto by one of his Huntfmen. It
wonderfully helps the Memory, and all Giddi-
nefs or Swimming of the head, and eafes the
Head-ach. It is laid alfo ro make Women
fruitful which are Barren, and cleanfes rhe Blood
from impurities: taken with a half part of
Honey dilTolved in it, it is good for all man-
ner of Coughs, Catarrhs, and difeafes of the
Breft and Lungs. This thing has been proved
by Shepherds, who give this Herb with a lit-
tle Salr, to their Sheep which are troubled with
the Congh. It opens obftruUions of the Liver,
and Spleen, and prevails againft the Yellow’
Jaundice, being taken for fome time together
and a Cataplafm of the Herb with Vinegar ap-
plied to the Region of the Spleen outwardly.
It cures Ulcers of the Reins, Bladder, and
' Womb, or any other inward Wound or Ulcer
provokes Urine, and help luch as are troubled
with the Srone. Faulus JEgineta fays , it is
of good ufe for difeafes of the Back and Reins.
It is of good ufe to heal all Ample Green
Wounds, at firft intention, and is no lefs efte-
ftual againft fpreading Tettars, Foul, Old, Fret-
ting, and Running Sores and Ulcers which have
been of long continuance and are hard to be
cured. It (tops the bleeding of Wounds, and
all other Fluxes of the Blood in any ’part,
and diflolves Tumors or fwellings, chiefly thofe
in the Neck, Ofc.

XII. The EJfence. It has all the former Vir-
tues, but much ftronger, and may be daily
given as the former, from two to three Spoon-
fuls in any convenient Vehicle.

XIII. The Decottion in Wine or Water. Ic
has all the Virtues of the Juice and Effence,
but is much weaker, and therefore may be
given from tour to eight ounces at a time;
it is truly an excellent Vulnerary.

XIV. The Pouder of the Herb and f lowers.

It has the Virtues of rhe Juice and Effence, but
a£ls not with that fpeed and facility, becaufe
it Js firft to be digefted in the Stomach. It
is a Angular thing againft the Plague, and all
Peftilential Fevers and Infeftious Difeafes, to
defend the heart and expel their Poifon and
Malignity, to corroberate the heart and Sto-
mach, and preferve them from Noifom and
Inteflious Vapors, being daily given morning and
night a Dram or two at a time either alone,
or mixt with a Dram or two of Venice Trea-
cle or Mithridate , in a fmall draught of Wine,
and fo laid down to fweat upon it.

• XV. The Cofmetick. It is made of the De-
purated Juice mixed with an equal quantity of
the Diflilled Water. It clears the Skin from
yellownels. Sun-burning, Tanning, and other dif-
colorings thereof. And if White Vitriol a or 4
Drams to a quart of the mixture be diffolved
in it, it is admirably good againft Scabs, Itch,
Scurff, Morphew, Tettars, Ring-worms, and all
other defoedations of the Skin.

XVI. The Balfam or Ointment: The Juice or
Eflence being daily taken inwardly, and either
of thefe uied outwardly, they heal all Ample
Green Wounds , many times at the Arft In-
tention, and digeft, cleanfe, incarnate, and heal
all Putrid Ulcers, and other running Sores in
what part of the Body foever.

XVII. The Cataplajm. It is made of the

6 U Green

<-nu

io 66 Salmon s ‘Herbal. Lib. L

Green Herb, and is of fingular good ufe to heal
all Ample Green Wounds, in what part of the
Body loever, to take away hot and lharp hu-
mors, dilcufs Contufions, ©V.

XVIII. T he Spirituous Tin Sure. It is good
againft Faintings, Swoonings, indigeftion of the
Stomach, Sicknefs at heart, and other indifpo-
fitions of the Vifcera , and has all the other
Virtues of the Liquid Juice or Elfence. Dofe
2 Drams to 4 in a Glais of Wine, morning
and night, or at time of the Dcliquium.

XIX. The Acid Tintfurc. It is an incom-
parable thing againft the Plague or Peftilence,
and all Peftilentiai or Infe&ious Difeafes, as
Mealies, fmall Pox, Calenture, Purples, Spotted
Fever, and the like, it (Lengthens and fortifies
the Stomach, refills putridity of the Blood and
Juices, caufes a good Appetite and ftrong di-
gs, ftion. Dofe fo many drops as may give a
Glafs of Wine, or other Vehicle, a pleafing
Acidity.

XX. The Oily Tintturc. It is a fingular thing
to open Oultru&ions and cleanfe the Heins, Ure-
ters and Bladder, of Email Stones, Gravel, Sand,
and Tartarous matter lodged in thole parts, to
give eafe in the Strangury, and help pains
and weaknefles of the Back, &c. Dole a gut.
xvi. ad xxx. in any fit Vehicle.

XXI The Di filled Water , f tuple or dif tiled
from Wine. It has the Virtues of the Juice, but
in a much inferior degree, taken inwardly fweet-
ned with Honey, or Sugar Candy, it is good
againft Coughs, Colds, Confumptions, and other
Dileafes of the Lungs.

XXII. The Spirit. It is Stomatick , Cordial
and Alexipharmick , good againft Faintings,
Swoonings, Palpitation of the heart, Sicknefs
at Stomach, Colick, and other inward pains of
the Bowels. Dofe from 2 Drams to 4, in a
Glafs of Wine.

CHAP. DCXLVII.

Of SPIKNARD European.

1. Tpi/E 'Nama. It is called Greek

1 khaW : in La tine, Nardus Celtic a , Nar-
dus Spuria , and Pfeudonardus : in Englifh, Cel-
tic fc, or European Spiknard.

II. The Kinds. Authors have given us almoft
half a Score Sorts, of this Plant : we Ihall on-
ly deferibe thole which are molt common, and
fuch as are to be had with us -.which are, 1. NdgJ'Q-
MAW, Nardus Celtic a Diojcoridis , Spica Celtic a,
Aardum Gallicum Cafalpim , Mountain or Celtick
Spiknard. 2. N#'fd'©- ofwn ■, Nardus Montana ,
Nardus Celtica Clufij , Spica Celtica Matthioli ,
Nardus Celtica altera. The other Celtick Spiknard.

2. Nardus Montana Tuber of a, Tuberous Mountain
Spiknard. 4. Nardus Spuria Narbonenjis , Nar-
dus Gallica , Nardus Spuria Gallic a, Nardus
Gangitis (from the Town Ganges near which
it grows in Prance) Ballard French Spiknard.

T be Descriptions.

III. The firft, or Mountain or Celtick Spiknard.
It creeps upon the Ground under the loofe Leaves

and Mofs , with finally long , and hard jlendcr Roots ,
( which ought to be fo called rather than Stalks ) in
which conffts the whole Virtue and Efficacy of the
Plants and are only ufed (by the beft Apothecaries )
in Mithridate , and no part of the Plant clfe. Th?/e
Roots are covered with many Jhort , fnall, dry
Leaves like Scales •, and fend forth in divers places
as they creep and Jpread , here and there , fnall
blackifh Fibres into the Earth , whereby it is nou-
rifhed. At the head or heads of which come forth
feveral fnall buttons , or heads , from whence fpring
many fnall , narrow , and fomewhat thick green
leaves , not divided or dented at all , which are
fmallejl at the bottom and broad towards the end ,
and change yellow in the end of Summer or begin-
ning of Autumn. From among thefe Leaves rife
up fometimes more , and fomc times but one fender
(talk , without any Leaves thereon ', at the Top
whereof fund many Jmall whitijh Flowers , like un-
to the f mailer forts of Valerian , every one on a fen-
der Foot folk , which afterwards yield fnall Seed like
to them alfo. The whole Plant is fweet and Aro-
matic a l, more than the Indian Spiknard , hotter al-
fo, and fharper in Tafle.

Spiknard Celtick.

Ibis in its Roots , fibres, Leaves , Stalk , Flowers
and Smell , differs nothing from that firf defer ibed
but in its Stalk of Flowers, which in this is branch-
ed towards the Top , bearing three or four Flowers
together in a Tuft , at the end of every fmall
branch. 7 J

V. The third or Tuberous Mountain Spiknanl

it! Root u Tuberous at Knobbed both above and
below, and round about it, with fome fibre! (hooting
from them, by which it is increafed, and [mils
very like the Root of the Garden Valerian or Set-
wall, yet not altogether fo ftrong being green as
when it is dry. Thu kind of Spiknard or Valerian
(call it which you w,ll) has its firft Leaves lying
on the Ground, without any divifion in them at all
being Jmooth and of a dark green color which G
abide all the Winter-, but thofe which fpring up
afterwards upon the Stalk when it rum up to flow-
er, are cut in on the Edges, like unto the Jagged
Leaves 0} the great Garden Valerian, and fo the

elder

Chap. 6|y. ‘Englijh Herb j

they grow, the more cut and Jagged they arc

lo6y

The Stalk and Viewers are very like the Stalk with
Garden Valerian (or as Gerard fays

flowers of the ... _

rbc/7 of the Wild Valerian , m fhape and color ,
growing in an Umbel or 'Tuft :) they are of a dark
or deep red color , «;W a greater fore of them thruft
together ; /be Seer/ alfo not being unlike to that of
the Valerian .

VI. The fourth, or Ballard French Spiknard.
This Plant grows in l arm, (in all its parts almoft)
like to the, tiue Indian Spiknard . It has a few
fmall hard fibres, which thruft thcmfelves into the
Ground, from which, fpring forth fever al hairy
round fpiky heads or beards, of the bignefs of ones
finger, and of an hand bredth high, of a pale brown
color, which arc not pointed at the Tops, but Hat
or blunt, through each of thefe heads, 'even from
the loweft part next the Root ; which fhoot forth di-
vers long, rough, green Rufhes, fcarcely a 'foot

French Baftard Spiknard.

high, many of them grotb'mg clofe one to antoher,
fo that they make the form or Jhcw as it were but
of one Plant, which are likemife faid to be altogether
without fmell, except thofe hairy fpiky heads or
Beards, which being larger than the Indian kind,
do fmell fomelhing like to the Mofs growing upon
Oak Trees, or that other which grows upon the
Ground. Thefe heads being half way in the
Ground, do fend forth each of them in the middle
of thofe Rigid liujhes, a tall fender and fmooth
Stalk, rifng about a Cubit higher than the Rufhes *
from the middle whereof up to their Tops, on each
fide, come forth many fmall. Green Cods, pointed
at the ends, flan ling in Cups, like to thofe of
Cranes Bill. The while form hereof does fo nearly re-
femble the true Indian Spiknard, as Pena, and o-
tbers have obferved, that among a number of bundles

of Indian Spiknard, they have found Pome
Y ’be parts of Fibres, Heads, Rufhes, and Troves
difinllly to befeen, as this is here defer 'bed- re’ '■
French kind, hj

tialtard Species of the Indian.

VII. The Places. The three firll ar<- foil n 1 m-
on the Celtick Mountains and Alps at ii(b j., i

fiTiu m Fe™and°'h?s %■ The fourth is found
in Molly and nroift places facing the South and
Mediterranean Sea, and not far from a linall Vil-
!h gVil Cj’ld Ga”&c- Gerard fit s that

of %wa”/d fe'i?nrd g-r0W in 3 Fie,d in the North
°L M* '■ C?Ued ' Crag-clofe, and ar the foot of
the Mountain btgleborowTels, which is the he 'heft
Mountain in b.ngland. But chat the third is Nu I
up in Gardens with us.

'Hl\The llT,' al1 fl°url(h flower

in the Summer Months, viz. in June, July ant
ftugufi, fome earlier and feme later h an others
The Leaves begin to Wither in September, at which

and dry in die fecond degreef DTculrn'^ Vivit

Tnd Alrpha™’ic^Ur0tiCk’ 0rdiack’ ^I’tuitk,

X. Tie Specification. It is good againfl Win i
Gripings in the Bowels, Colick, Fainring, Swoon-’
mg, Convulfions Strangury, Obflruftions of the
Spleen, Reins and Bladder, Bitings of Venomous
Be$s> Pettilennal Difeafes, and expels poifon.

XI. I he Preparations. You may make there-
from, r • An Infufion or TecoSion in Wine o'

A Ponder. 5. An Inflated or Decoded Oik •

A Spirituous Tinllure. 5. An Acid TinSure. V

"t1*'’ 7. A Diftil/ed Oil. 8. A Di-
filled Water.

The Virtues.

XII. The Infufion or Dccottion in Wine. It
Itops fluxes of the Bowels, but provokes Urine-
is Stomatick,^ and good againlt loathing of Food'
or Naufeoufnefs, gnawings in the Stomach (ick-
nefs at heart, and Wind oppreffing the Bowels.
The Decoction in Water ufed as a Bath, is good
againlt Fits of the Mother and weaknelles of the
Womb, drying up humors in thofe parts. The

r ix?n or T'ecotlion in Wine with a quarter part
ot Wormwood, is a molt excellent Stomaock
profitable againlt the Colick, want of Appetite,’
ill Digeltion, Vomiting, &e. Dofe a quarter of
3 vili’n™1’ morning, noon, and night.

XIII. The Poudcr. It may be given from a
Scruple to a Dram, mixe with Hony, or any 0-
ther convenient Vehicle, and has all cite Virtues
of the Infufion or DecoQion. It is a finguhr in-
gredient m Mithridate, thac chiefly made of the
nr It Species; for tho’ the Indian Spiknard is al-
ways mtended there, yet when thac cannot be had
this firit kind always fupplys its place. It is laid
to be good tor luch as are Liver-grown ot have
the Rickets, and alfo fbr the yellow Jaundice
Bloody llux, and the Hinging or biting of anJ
Venomous Creatures, as alfo to expel poifon be-
ing inwardly taken. Snufc up the Noltrils i’t ex-
cellently purges the Head and Brain.

XIV. The Infolat ed or Decoded Oil It is
warming, Anodyn, and comfortable to the Ner-
vous parts : It thins thick and congealed humors,
digelts thole which are crude and moderately
altnnges and Itrengthens the parts which are loole.

lUi and

68

10

auiTTveak, and is faid to be ptofiuble againft
Tremblings, Palfies, and the like.

XV. The Spirituous Tintlure. it hag the Vir-
tiles of the Ini'ufion and Deco&ion, isgood againlt
malign Fevers, and the Poifon and lntea.on of
the Plague or Pcftiience, and all Peftilenrial Di-
li- mpers ; it comforts the Head, Brain, Nerves
nd all the Vijcsra. chiefly the Stomach and
i-iearr, warms, digelts. Hops thin dittilUtrons of
Rheum, eafes pains proceeding from cold, as al-
jo the Colick, and is profitable againft Palfies, Con-
vullions. Cramps, t 2c. Dole from one to two
Drams in a Glafs of generous Wine.

XVI. The AadTintfurc. It is a patent thing

ag m ll all forts of hot Burning Fevers, and more
excellent than the former againft all lorts of ma-
lign Fevers;' the Plague, and all kinds ofPeftiien-
t.Tl Difeafes, becauie befides the deftioymg the Pu-
tridity it takes oft (as it were upon the fpot) the
preternatural heat, and reftores the Sick to their
natural remner. Dofefo many drops as to make
,he \ chicle pleafanr, and to be repeated as often as
the Patient drinks. .

XVII. The Oily TinOure. It is a good againlt
the Colick and Gripings of the Guts, Pain and
weaknels in the Back and Reins, the Strangury,
thj Stone, Gravel, Sand and Iaitarous matter in
the Bladder, and other Urinary parts. It comforts
all the lower Vfccra, and is ol fingular good ertect,
againft Tremblings, Palfies, pains and weakness
or the Nerves and external parts proceeding from
Colds, over-ftraining of the Limbs, or any other
exrernal hurt, or detiuxions of Cold humors from
other parrs ; It is good to diffolve Nodes, and other
hard dwellings, and is profitable againlt Difeafes
of the Spleen, Reins and B adder. Dole gut. xx.
ad xl. or more dropt into Sugar, and then mixt
with any convenient Vehicle.

XVIII. The Diftfflei Oil. It is antiparalytick
almolt in the laft degree, and a potent medica-
ment againft trembling of any part, weakneffes of
the Nerves and Tendons, Cramps, Convulfions,
and other like Difeafes of the Neurotick parts,
as the Stomach, Bowels, Mefentery, i 1c. giving
eafe in the Colick, and other inward pains, Fits
of the Mother, Fainting, Swooning, t2c. almolt
in a moment. Inwardly it may be taken morning
and night from vj. to xij. or xx. drops, in any fit
Vehicle. Toalt tome white Bread very hard and
then ponder it; drop this Oil upon it, mix them
well together, and then with the Vehicle you in-
tend to give it in, and fo let the Patient drink
it. Outwardly anoint it upon the Back Bone, and
the other Parts affeUed twice a day.

XIX. The DiJii/ledWater. Let the Grofs Pou-
' del- a Pound of it, be digefted in White Lisbon
Wine a Gallon, for 6 or 7 days, and then diftilled
in Balneo. The Water hereof is of fingular good
ule for Palfies, Tremblings, Convulfions, Weak-
neffes, and all cold indifpoiition of the Members,
ufed both inwardly and outwardly. It comforts
the Head, Brain, Nerves, Stomach, Heart, and 0-
ther Vifccra^ flops Catarrhs, eafes pains from
a cold caufe’; and helps alfo in all fuddain paflions
of the heart, and gives eafe in the Colick, 2 or 3
Spoonfuls thereof being taken upon the occafion.

‘Where Note: That the trench BaJlardSpibnard
is never ufed , as being a Plant tuhicb has little or
no Virtues obferved to be in it .

Salmon s ‘Herbal, Lib. L

CHAP. DCXLVIII.

Of SPIKNARD Plowmans.

I. t~jrsHE Names. It is called in Greek, B

JL Baccharis -, or as fome will have it ria.KKa.ej-i
vel Tldfyjf/ui^ Paccharis or Pancharis (trom its
excellent lmell :) in Latine, Baccharis -, and in Eng-
lilh. Plowmans Spiknard , and Bacchar.

II. The Kinds. Pliny fays that in his time it
was called Nardus Rujiica , but as he fays, and fo
we alfo fay, it was an error in them which did fo
call it : but its general Name is Baccharis , and
Baccharis Monfpelienflum (altho5 it alfo grows in
England : ) Conyza major altera DodonH -, Conyza
jnajcr Matthioli Lugdunenfe , Conyza major vulga-
ris Bauhini , (in his Pinax) in Englifh, Bacchar and
Plowmans Spiknard. Parkin/on tells us of two
forts of this Plant, viz. This treated of in this
Chapter, and a Syrian kind -, but the latter being
unknown in our Climates, we lTiall lay no more of
it in this work. Tho5 Cuftom has prevailed upon
us, to call it Spiknard , yet it is no fuch thing,
nor in the lealt akin, or has it any relation to that
Plant.

The Dejcriptiotis.

III. Its Root conflfts of many Strings and Fibres ,
buffing Jomewhat thick , not running deep into the
Ground , but fo taking hold of the upper Face of the
Earth , that it may eaflly be pull'd up with ones
hand , the fmell whereof is fome what like to Avens,
but the Scent is lefs flrong when growing in Gar-
dens, than growing Wild -, like as Avens when made
a Garden Plant , and fever al other fweet Herbs ,
which are of thin and fubtil parts. It fprings up
with divers fome what long and large Leaves , full of
Veins , lying upon the Ground , which make it feem
as if it were Crumpled-, foft and gentle in handling,
and of an overworn green color, feeming to be Wooly.
From among which, (in the Summer time ) rifes up
a flrong Jliff Stalk, three or four Feet high. Jet with
divers fuch like Leaves , but fmaller up to the Top -
where it is divided into many Branches , at the ends
whereof comes forth fever a l flowers, three or four,
for the mojl part , at the end of every feveral branch
and every one on a fmall F'ootflalk. Which flowers
conflfls wholly of fmall Threads or Thrums, flanding
clofe and round , and never laid open like other flow-
ers, which con fill of Leaves : They are of a dead or
purplifh yellow color , appearing out ofgreenifh Scaly
heads , which Thrums turn into a Whitifh Down. At
the bottom whereof is the Seed, fmall and chaffy, which
together with the Down, is carried away with the
Wind, and rifes or fprings up in feveral places of the
Garden where it is once Planted, and bears Seed.

IV. Gerard deferibes it after this manner. Its
Root is thick , grofs and fat , fpreading about in the
Earth , full of Strings -, the fragrant fmell that this
Plant yields may well be compared to the favor of
Cinnamon, or Helenium, being a Plant known un-
to very many or mofl forts of People, in mojl parts
of England. It has many blackifh rough Leave s fome -
thing bigger than Primrefe Leaves-, among zvhich
rifes up a Stalk two Cubits high , bearing at the Top
little Chaffy or Scaly flowers in fmall Bunches , of a
dark yellowijh or purple color , which turn into Down

and

Chap. 648. Ungltjb Herbs.

io<5p

and are carried away with the Wind , like unto the
kinds ofTbiflles. Johnfon in Gerard Jays, that this
Plant here defcribcdisthe Conyza major Matthioii,
Tragi, and others.

V. The Places. It grows plentifully about
Mompelier in France , and in many other Countries.
It delights in rough and Craggy places, and in a
lean and dry Soil, where there is no moifture. And
Gerard fays, that it grows in divers parts of the
Weft of England.

Quantity, fo as the Patient may fit in it in a Bath-
ing Tub, or otherwise put into a Veffel in a Clofe
Stool, fo as the Patient may receive the hot Va-
pors thereof, up into the Womb, it is Paid to in-
duce the Courfes, when ftopt or flow but poorly
as alfo to provoke, haften and facilitate the Birth!
Taken inwardly it is faid to be profitable againft
Ruptures.

VI. The Times. It flowers with us, about the
end of July , or beginning of Augufi. Gerard fays,
it fprings up in April, flowers in June, and per-
fects its Seed in Augufi.

VII. The Qualities. It is Temperate in refpeft
to heat or cold, and dry in the firft degree * Aftrin-
gent or Binding, Peftoral, Nephritick, and Alexi-
pharmick.

VIII. The Specification. It is a remedy for
Afthma’s, Coughs, Cojds, Inflamations of the Eyes,
fwelling of Womens Breafts, ftops Fluxes of the
Bowels, and as Pliny fays, helps to break the
Stone.

IX. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. The Green Root. 2. A Decoflion of the
Root. 3. A Pouder of the Root. 4. A Cataplafm
of the Green Leaves. 5. A Bath.

The Virtues .

X. The Green Root. Authors fay, that being
bound, or hanged to, (I fuppofe they mean the
Thighs) it brings away the Birth, and facilitates the
Delivery. This Root for its fweet fmell is often-
times put among Cloths, to give them a kind of
perfumed fcent.

XI. The Decoftion of the Root in White Wine. It
opens obftruftions of the Veflels (as Paulus JEgi-
neta fays) provokes Urine and the Courfes, is good
againft Convulfions, and for fuch as are inwardly
bruifedby falling from an high place. It is good
alfo againft Afthmas, Coughs, Colds, fhortnefsof
Breath, and other diftempers of the Breft and
Lungs. Bathed upon Womens Breafts which are
fwelfd, and pained, it gives eafe and difculfes the
Tumor. It is good againft pains of the Pleura
and fides, opens Obftruftions of the Spleen, and
breaks the Stone (as Pliny fays) expelling Gra-
vel, Sand and Tartarous Mucilage out of the
Urinary parts, and fo gives eafe in a Dyfuria and
Stranguria. Dropt into the Eyes it cools the In-
flamation and ftops the flux of Rheum into them.
It may be given to half a Pint Morning and Night,
very well fweetned with Honey. It is alfo Alexi-
pharmick, refilts Poifon, and is good againft the
bittings of Serpents and Mad Dogs, and other Ve-
nomous Creatures.

XII. The Pouder of the Root. It has the Vir-
tues of the former Decoftion, and may be given
to a Dram morning and night, againft Violent Ca-
tarrhs, and to break and expel the Stone whether
in the Reins or Bladder.

XIII. The Cataplafm of the Green Leaves. Ap-
plied to the place of the Head pained, it eafes the
Head-ach. It alfo ftops a flux of humors flowing
to any Part, and ftrengthens weak Joints.

XIV. The Bath made of the Roots and Leaves in
Water. Drank to half a Pint, it ftops Catarrhs $
applied as a fomentation it ftops a flux of Rheum
to the Part, Cools Inflamations, and CuresAnthonies,
Fire, being Bathed therewith, and Cloths wet there-
in being alfo apply ed to the fame. Made in great

CHAP. DCXLIX.

Of S P I D E R - w O R T.

I HE fifties. It is called Greek, $axa.yyi.v,
X tn.rJ.yym : in Latine , Phalangium &
Phalangites : and in Englilh, Spiderwort.

II. 'I he Kinds. There are feveral forts of this plant,
as, 1. Phalangium Alobrogicum , Phalangium anti-
quorum, The Savoy Spiderwort. 2. Phalangium
majus Ita/icum album , The Greater Italian Spider-
wort. 3. Phalangium non ramofum Vulgarc, Un-
branched Spiderwort : Cordus calls it Li/iago. 4.
Phalangium ramofum , Branched Spiderwort. s.
Phalangium Virginittnum , Phalangium Ephemerum
Virginianum Johannk Tradefcanii , The Virginian
Spiderwort, The foon fading Spiderwort, and
Tradefcants Spiderwort, becaufe Tradefcant firft
brought it into our Englifh Gardens. It has been
thought by fome to be the Silk-Grafs which grows
there.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firft or Savoy Spiderwort. Its root
confifls of many white , round , thick , brittle firings,
joining together at the head , but are nothing fo long

Spiderwort Savoy.

at

'iff*

■4

i oyo Salmon V Herbal. Lib. ].

as tbdjc of the other Spiderwort s. It firings up
with four or five green Leaves , long and narrow
yet broader at the bottom, narrower upwards , and
p intcl at the end , like thofe of the Lilly Afpho-
dil being a little hollow in the middle. From a-
inong which arifes up a round ftijf Staik , a Foot
and a half high, bearing at the Top , one above ano-
ther / 'even or eight or more flowers , every one
as large as the day Lilly , but much greater than
in any of the other Spiderwort s , of a pure white
c V with fame Threads in the middle , lift with
yd low and a fmall forked Fointel. After the
flowers are pajt, the head or Seed Vcjfels grow
almoft Triangular , yet Something round , in which
is contained blackifh Seed.

IV. The fecond, or Greater Italian Spiderwort.
Its Roots are long and white like the next fol-
lowing. but Something larger. It has divers long
and narrow Leaves Jprcad upon the Ground , and
not rifing up as the fohiter, nor yet Jo broad ,
but fomething larger than the next following.
The Stalk is bigger , but feldom rift s up Jo high
as the next third Species , being long and un-
branched, fet full oj white flowers towards the Top
of a Starlike fajhion. but fomewhat larger.

V. The third, or Unbranched Spiderwort. Its
Root eonflfts of long white Strings running un-
der Ground , like thofe of the la (l deferibed , but
j mailer. It has fmall Grafs-like Leaves , but
larger than thofe of Grafs , of a whitifh or gray-
ifl) green color, rifing immediately from the head
or Tuft of Roots. From among which rife up
one or two Stalks, two or three feet high Some-
times, befet towards the Top , with a great many
fmall white Starlike flowers , which after they arc
pfll , turn into fmall round heads , containing black
Seed, like to the Seed of the little yellow Afpho-
dil but leffer.

VI. The fourth, or Branched Spiderwort. Its
Root eonflfts of many Strings, tough and while ,
like the third: but its Leaves arc fomething
broader , and of a yellowifh green color , much like
in farm to Couch or Quitch Grafs , yet fomething
thicker and f atter , and of a more whitifh green
color. J he Stalk , which comes up from among
the Leaves grows to be about a foot and a half
high, and fpread out with fmall branches towards
the Top, replenifbcd with many fmall white Star-
like flowers , co off ing of fx Leaves apiece like
the former , with Threads in the middle , of a
whitifh color mixed with a fair yellow : which
being fallen , fmall round ifh Triangular Knobs
follow , containing black colored Seed.

VII. The fifth, or Virginian Spiderwort, fup-
pofed by fome to be the Virginian Silk-Grafs-
Its Root is fringy , and creeps far under ground,
rifing up again in many places with divers heads
cj long folded Grafs-like Leaves, of a grey ifh
overworn green color, two .or three for the mofl
pari tags i cr, and not above, compa fling one a-

. '7 the lot [am, and abiding green in many
prj.es all the Winter, and in fome places perifh-
ing and rifing anew in the Spring, which Leaves
rife up. r. ■: '■ the great round Stalk, being fet
thereon a: • ‘v joints, commonly but one at a joint ,
broad at t 're bottom, where they compafs the Stalk,
and owing gradually J mailer towards the end
w'iib t>:n> lies in a jharp point. At the upper
joint which is the Top of the Stalk, there grows
nor :>■ three fuch like Leaves, but f mailer, from
among which break out 12, 16, or 20 or more,
round green heads, hanging themfelves down by
little Foot]} a Iks, winch when the flowers begin to
blow open, grow longer , and ft and upright , ha-

ving three fmall pale green Leaves for a husk,
and three other Leaves within them for a flower ,
which lay themfelves flat open, of a deep blew
purple color , having a fmall Fointel or head
in the middle, cloje/y fet about with fix reddifh,
hairy, or feathered Threads, tipt with yellow pen-
dents. This flower opens it felfi in the day Time
and (huts it jelj ufually at night , and never 0-
pens again , but perifhes, and then hangs down its
head again. The green husk of three Leaves,
clofing it felf again, in the form of a head, as
it was before, but greater the Fointel in the mid-
dle, growing to be the Seed Veflel, in which is con-
t ained fmall blackifh long Seed. Of thefe flowers
feldom more than one or two are feen blown at
a time upon the Stalk, for which reafon it is a
long time in flowering, before all the heads are fully
blown open.

VIII. The F laces. ' Their Names for the moll
parr (hew their Native Soil, or Place of growth,
but with us they all grow in Gardens. The Tir-
ginian is a great encreafct, and thereby is now
grown Common almoft in every Garden. Ic was
firlt brought to us our of Virginia', fincewe have
received from thence feveral other Varieties, dif-
fering chiefly in the color oi the flowers ; for
befides this blew Purplifh here deferibed, w e have
another which bears bigger and fairer Blew flow-
ers: two alfo, viz. a greater and leffer, which
have Red flowers: and one with Snow White
floweis. In fome Years the flowers oi the Great-
er Red will come forth double.

IX. The Times. The third or llnbranched
Spiderwort flowers before all the reft: and the
Branched a Month after ir : the other rwo about
one time, viz. towards the end of May, and 110c
much after the Unbranched kind. Gerard fays,
that firft and fourth flower in June, and the third
about the beginning of June, and the fecond a-
bout Augufl. The fifth or Virginian, from the
end of May until July, if it has had green Leaves
all the Winter, but later, if the Coidnefs of the
Winter puts a flop to its Vivacity. Thefe Plants
are all hardy, and will live and thrive almoft in
any Soil, but beft in that which is moift. The
time to take them and Tranfplanr them is in
Augufl j the feveral heads of Roots may be placed
where they may grow 2 or 3 Years unremoved.
As they are Seed bearers, fo from the Seed,
Plants of the beft kind are to be raifed, but
they which fpring from the Seed are long be-
fore they bear flowers, yet it is worth the labour
and attendance.

X. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in
the firft degree, of thin parts, and Alexiphar-
mick.

XL The Specification. They refill poifon, and
are pecularly good againft the biting of the Pha-
langium or Poilonous Spider, as Authors fay, from
whence it is thought they derived their Name.
That of Virginia, is of no known Virtues or
Ufe.

XII. The Preparations. You may have from the
Common Spiderwort, 1. A DccoUion in Wine or
Water of the Roots, Leaves, Flowers, and Seed.
2. A Louder of the fame. 3. A Diet Drink.

The Virtues.

XIII. The Deco fl ion in Wine or Water. Diof-
corides fays, that being made in Wine, and
Drank, it prevails againft the bitings of Scorpi-
ons,

Chap. 650. TLnglijh Herbs. 10 7

ons, and the biting of the Spider Phalangium ,
and of other Venomous beafts.

XIV. T be Poudcr. It has all the fame Vir-
tues, being taken in Wine morning and evening
to rhe quantity of a Dram ; or mixed with an
equal quantity of Mithridate and lo fwallowed,
drinking a Glafs of Wine after it.

XV. The Diet Drink. The Roots being
tun’d up with new Ale, and then drank for a
Month together, it expels Poifon, yea tho’ it
be univerlally fpread throughout the whole
Body.

CHAP. DCL.

Of S P I G N E L.

I. I 'HE Names. It is called in Arabick, Mee :
V in Greek M,.';. uii-y : in Latine, Meum ,
and by fome Ancient Authors, Athamanticum ,
either from Athamantes who firft found it out’
or from the Mountain Atbamantes in TheJJa/i'a
where the bed grew; Pliny calls it Macedonicum
and Hifpanicum , from the places where the bed
was found in his time-, for fays he in Italy it
is only fown by fome few, tho’ now it is known
to grow wild in feveral places of that Country.
In Hnglilh it iscalled Spignel and Spicknel.

II. The Kinds. Formerly there was but one
fort of this Plant known, now there are many
Species thereof, the chief of whichare the following
viz. r . Meant Vu/gatius, Meum Antiquarian, Ter-
dylton Cordt, Anetbum Sylveflre, Anethum torruo-
fum alwrum, Mcum Jolijs Anetbi , Our Common
or ordinary Spignel. 2. Meum Spurium halicum
Mattbioh , Meum adulterinum Bauhini Taber-
mmontam , Meum Spinum alterttm Italicum Lo-
belij, Balfard Spignel. ;. Meum Germanicum, illis
Muttehna dtllum, Meum Alpinism, German Spig-
nel or Mountain Spignel.

The Defer ipl ions.

III. The fird, or Our Common or Ordinary
Spignel. Its Rants do fpread much and deep in
the Ground, many firings or branches springing
from one bead, which is hairy at the Top, of a
blackijh brown color on the out fide and.' white
within, fuelling oj a ftrong good feent and of
an Aromatick tafle. From whence rife up feveral
long Stalks of very fine cut Leaves, f mailer than
Dill, fet thick on both fide s of the Stalk , and of a good
fmell. From among theft Leaves rife up round fttff
Stalks a foot and half andfometime two feet high, with
few joints, but befit with Leaves refembling Fennel
or Dill, but finner cut ; and at their Tops an Um-
bel of fine pure white flowers at the edges, on
which will fometimes be feen a flew of a Reddifit
or blufh color , efpectally before they are fullblown
and are fucceeded by f mall, longifb and fomewhat
round Seed, larger than the ordinary Fennel Seed
and of a browner color, divided into two parts
and ere fled on the back, ai moft of the XJmbel life'-
rous Seeds are .

Spignel true or Common,

Spignel Bafiard or Italian.

t.

• 4

Tenneh

1072 Salmon/ 'Herbal Lib. I.

fennel. In in form and mmnck of growing it
it fomething like unto the true or former kind ,
y 7 more like unto Dill with longer uni thicker
J. r iver : the Stalks rife as high as that with white
Umbels of Flowers, and larger Seed on them. T he
whole Plant and every part thereof is of a more
lining firtr/l and tafte than the firfti, and the Stalks
t , then nfr l-oes out like the former.

V. The third, or German or Mountain Spig-
ntl. hs Root is of about a fingers length , co-
vered with a rougher rugged blackijh bark, and but
few Fibres adjoining to it, with a bujb of hair at
the Top, of a flrong fharp fmcll like to the fir H or
Common Spignel , but much weaker. It has but few
Stills of Winged Leaves rifing from the Root , but
they are fomething broader than the Leaves of the
fir'd or Common Spignel and Jhorter , being a mean
'between them and C arum or Caraway. Prom among

/- rifet up a (lender fir obi Stalk a Foot high ,
bare of Loaves for the mofi part up to the Top ,
where grow two or three f mall Umbels of Purplifh
flowers , confining of fine f mall Leaves apiece, bcar-
' ing Seed afterward fomething long and pretty large,
with refpefl 10 the former.

VI. The Places. The firft grows Wild in many
Places in the Northern parrs ot' England, as Lan-
cafhire , Torkjhire, &c. hut is Planted almoft every
Where in Gardens. The fecond grows Wild in Italy,
bur with us only in Gardens. The third is Paid
by fome Authors to be growing Wild in England-,
it grows Wild in Germany , and on the Alps and
other Mountains, but with us is for the moft part
a Nuriery. The two firft I have found growing in
South Carolina up Cooper River , by a Pathway
leading to Copt. 1 untins’ s Plantation, from a right
hand branch ot the laid River, where (when I was
there ; thev grew Wild and in vaft plenty.

VII. The Times. They blower in June and
July, and perlett their Seed in Augujl.

VIII. The Qualities. The Roots of the true
Spignel are faid to be hot in the third degree and
dry in the fecond. Aperitive, Diuretidc, Stoma-
tick, Hepatick, Nephritick, Hyfterick, and Alexi-
pharmick.

IX. The Specification. Spignel refills poifon,
and the bitings of Venomous Creatures, provokes
Urine and the Courfes, cafes pains in the Reins,
Womb, and Bladder, is profitable againil the Stran-
gury and all Stoppages ot Urine,expels Wind out of
the S omach and Bowels; is good alio againil Ca-
tarrhs, Rhum itifnas, Arthritick pains, and Colick
pains of the Stomach and Bowels, Vapors, Hy-
fterick Fits and the like. The Root is only ufed
wilh us, but the Seed is very Aromatick, and has
the fame Virtues.

X. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. A DecoQion or lnfufwn of the Roots or
Seed \n Wine or Water. 1. A Pouder of the Roots
or Seed, winch is an Ingredient in Mithridate and
Venioe-Treacle.

T he Virtues.

XI. The DecoQion or lnfufion of the Roots or Seed
in Wine or ' ter. Taken morning, noon, and
night, to the (Quantity of half a Pint, it gives eafe
in the Strangury, helps all forts of Stoppage of
the Urne, and provokes the Terms in Women
when ftopt ; it eales a! lb pains in the Reins, Womb,
ana Bladder, opens Obllru&ions of the Stomach,
in er, and Spleen, gives eale in the Colick, and
other like pains of the Stomach and Bowels, re-

prelTes Vapors, and gives relief in Fits of the Mo-
ther, as alfo in Catarrhs, Rheumatifms and the
like. It is an Antidote againil Poifon, as alfo a-
gainll the bitings or Stinging ot Vipets, Mad Dogs,
Scorpions, Hornets, and other Venomous Crea-
tures.

XII. The Pouder of the Root or Seed. It may
be given to a Dram morning and evening, againil
all the aforenamed Diltempers ; in any proper Ve-
hicle. Or it may be made into a Lohoch with ho-
my, and fo taken : and then it is proper to open
ObltruQions of the Stomach and Lungs, cut tough
liegm and expeftorate it, and to dry up Catarths
afiefting thofe parts.

CHAP. DCLI.

Of S P I N A G E.

I. f~T*HE Names. It is called by the latter Gre-
X cians £ -m.vtf.yj a. : in' Latine, Spanachia
( it rat it ate in ufu medico ) but by moft Spinachia ,
O/us Hifpanicum Tragi, (fuppofing it a Pot-herb
which firft came from Spain : ) and in Englifh,
Spinage or Spinach.

11. The Kinds. Some Authors will have it to
be a Species of the Ar aches others of the Beets-,
others again of the Elites ; but I think it has no
Relation to any of thefe Plants, but is a particular
kind of its own. Some make four Species of this
Herb, accounting that u hich bears no Seed to be
One, which is indeed hut accidental, as it hap-
pens feveral times to divers other Plants, as
Hemp , Herb Mercury , _ 8tc. There are indeed
three forts hereof, viz. i. Spinachia femine
aculeato minor , The lefler Spinage with prick-
ly Seed, which is our Common Spinage. 2. Spi-
nachia femine aculeato major , The greater prick-
ly Seeded Spinage, which is alfo Common to be
had. 3. Spinachia femine non aculeato, Spinachia
femine Lceve, Smooth Seeded Spinage, which is a
more rare kind, and Nurft np but in a few Gardens.

T he Descriptions .

III. The firft or lefler Spinage with Prickly Seed
which is (as before is faid) Our Common Spinage.
Its Root is long , white and jmall with many Fibres
adjoining to it. It has long green Leaves , broad at
the Stalk , and rent or torn as it were into jour
Corners , and Jharp pointed at the ends. It quickly
runs up to Stalk , if it is Sown in the Spring time :
but cljc , if Sown at the end of the Summer , it will
abide all the winter green , and then fuddenly in
the very beginning of the Spring run up to Stalk ,
bearing many Leaves both below , and at the Top ,
where there does appear many [mail green ijh flowers
in Clufters , and after them a jmall prickly Seed. If
it be after cut , it will grow the thicker , or elfe
Spindle up very jmall , and with but few Leaves
upon the Stalk.

IV. G?rtfft/|delcribes it thus. Its Root confifis of
?nany Threads , from which Spring forth foft and

tender

‘Englijb Herbs .

1 07

S'PINAG'E

Jenifer Leaves of a dark green color , full of juice ;
which are Jharf pointed , W wtrfe ywr/ or

fewer ettd yyaere : parted oftentimes with a deep
gajh on either fide next to the Stem or Footflalk.
The Stalk is round, about a Foot high , and hollow
within and on the Tops of the Branches grow lit-
tle flowers in Clufiers , in ahofe places come after-
wards prickly Seeds.

V. The fecond, or Greater prickly Seeded Spl-
nage. This in its Roots, Leaves, Stalks, Flowers,
and Seed, and in its form and manner of growing,
is like to the former, faying that in all its parts of
Stalk, Leaf and Seed it is larger.

VI. The third, or Smooth Seeded Spinage. It is
in its Root like the former, but its Leaves are broad-
er and a little rounder pointed than thefirfl , efpeci-
ally the lower Leaves ; for thofe which grow up-
wards upon the Stalk are more pointed , and as it
mere three fquare, of as dark a green color as the
former. At the fever al joints of the Stalks and
Branches Jland clufiering many [mall greenijh flow-
ers, which turn into clufiers of round wbitifb Seed
without any prickles at all upon them.

VII. This laji kind Gerard fays is called Wild
Spinage, but is found in Our Gardens, and is like
to the other kinds in goodnefs, as alfo in fhape , fa-
ving that the leaves are not fo great , nor fo deep-
ly gafht or indented, the Seed having no prickles
t it all.

VIII. The F laces. They are all Sown and grow
in Gardens , without any great labour and indu-
ltry, and thrive in any Ground which is but mo-
derately fertil.

IX. The Times. Spinage may be Sown almoft
at any time of the Year ; but being Sown in Spring ,
it quickly Springs up, and comes to perfeffion in
about two Months fpace : but that which is Sown
in the Autumn, is longer in coming to its growth
yet continues all Winter, and Seeds prefently up-
on the beginning of the Spring.

In lhe %ua'"'es- It is cold and moift almoft

erv fifbft degr Vand b>' raf0" ic «• of a W
tery lunitance, almoft without Tilfa ar,A

XL The Specification. There nr p nr, nr • .

, bribed to it by Authors 5 bwas iffl

pie Stew the Herb in a Pot or P nl-ir, y -

fomSve^ Salt, and

it into Tarts by mixte wfth °°k ™ke

fliced. With the Sdi^n of a thi3

fome Spice, which are Palatable enough ^Burb™*

Wes thefe Kitchin Preparations you® may mat

therefrom r, A L iquid Juice of the Her? f
| ^febnnek. 5. A ConfeJ.

the Virtues.

XIII. The .Liquid Juice. Mixed u/IiJi h-ic
weight of Honey and fo taken or * *

in the morning fading it loofens the Belly a^d
cleanfes the Stomach and Guts of Cold niJd 3 n7
Pituitous humors, and evacuates ttnrt and

*7 ^ UretetrandaB“dtear0,,Sn,at,er

A1V. Lhe Antifebritick. It is made thee t i
of the Liquid Juice clarified a Pint - j,t;ce rf?
mens half a Pint: double refined Sugar enofeht.
make n pleafant. D0re a quartet of Z or
more now, and than efpedally in the coming of
the burning fit, as alfo in the height thereof and
to quench thirft when neceffity requires. ’

“* - »«» in h«£,S fS

and very much reftelhes the fainting Spirits can’

| “from the wafting heat of the Stomach and hu-'

XVL The milled Water. It may be taken to a
quarter of a Pint, acuated with a few drone ofSni
tit or Oil of Sulphur and made pfeaTamTth dot
bk refined Sugar : it cools admirably, and is good
aga.nft all forts of Malign and Peftilential difeffc
quenches thirft and cleanfes the Lungs, Stomach
and Bowels of acrid, fltatp and PiLitous hu

CHAP. DCLII.

Of S P L E E N - w O R T -
Smooth and Rough.

It is called of the latter Ara-

I- / I ''HE Names.

X bians, Scolopendrium : in Greek" / -
iniatine, Afplentuf^ts^iZ'-
mjnghfh, Sp/eenworr, MM-wofte, and Scale-

6 X

If. The

l^sj

lo74

Salmon’* Herbal.

Lib. 1.

II. The Kinds. There are two fpecial Kinds
thereof, viz. i. ’Aantoiviov Afpleniutn , Af-

plcnium Lxve, "S.x.oKoTdvJ'tLov, Scolopendrium , and.
Scolopendra (from the likenefs of the Leaf to the
Scobpendcr worm fo called:) alfo n
(as it is in the Vulgar Copies) Theopbrafli, Scoto-
fendrium, Arabice; and'H^W, Hemionum, which
Galen calls Mu/a Herba : in Larine, it is called
Afplenium, Scolopendrium, Scolopendrio and Cete-
rach : and in Englifh, Spleenwort , Smooth Spleen-
wort and Milt waft. In former times Apotheca-
ries and Phylicians held Harts Tongue to be the
Scolopendrium verum of the Ancients, and that
Af plenum was not Ceterach ; but thefe errors are
now fufiiciently made manifeft. 2 . ’A»«W tows
Ajplemum afperum , Rough Spleenwort, and this is
threefold, viz. i. Aoy^vt ine?-* TesH/f*** Lonchitis
altera five a [per a major flfytthioli, Matthiolus his
greater rough Spleenwort. 2. Lonchitis afpera
minor Malihioli , AJplenium Sylveftre Jraijb
Sirutbiopteris , Cordi & Thalij (that is to fay, O-
itrich Fern, from the refemblance of the Leaves
ro Oftrich Feathers:) Lonchitis altera Neoterico-
rum , i!d Af plcnium Magnum by fome, The lefler
or fmaller Rough Spleenwort. 3. Lonchitis Ma-
rantbee , Lonchitis afpera Maraniha , Cluftj , alio-
rumque ; Pfeudoloncbitis Marantbce by Matthiolus ,
Baftard Rough Spleenwort.

Polypody , facb divifion being not always fet right
oppofite to the other , but as it were between each ,
jmootb and of a light green on the upper fide , and
with a dark yellow rouglmefs on the back , folding
or rouling it felf inward at the firft fprmging up ,
tfx ;/w;7y other Perns do , therein refembltng thofe
Worms which anglers ufe.

IV. Gerard deferibes it after this manner.

R00/ fmall , £/«£&, rough, much platted or

interlaced , having neither Stalk , Flowers , w**

It has Leaves a fpan long , jagged or cut on both
ftdes , even near to the middle Rib , cut or

incifure being as it were formed half round (by
which it is known from the rough Spleenwort’.)
not one cut right againft another , but one beftdes
another , in their fever al orders , being flippety

and green on the upper fide , and foft and downy
underneath : which when they be withered are fold-
ed up together like a feroul , and hairy without ,
ot/wo ///(’<? /# the rough or hairy Bear-Worm , where-
with Anglers bait their hooks to catch Fifh. _

V. The firft of the Rough kind, or Matthiolus
his greater Rough Spleenwort. JLr R00/ «
pofed of many Reddijh Strings or fibres like thofe

Spleenwort rough greater .

T be Defcriptions.

III. The firft fpecial kind or Smooth Spleenwort,
which is the true Scolopendrium, true Spleenwort
and Ceterach. Its Root is black , threddy , and
bujhy , which fends forth many longfingle Leaves ,
cut in on both fidcs into round dents , tfuf# almojl
to the middle Rib , which is not fo hard as that of

Spleenwort true or Ceterach.

of Harts-Tongue. It has feveral Stalks of leaves ,
fome are like unto the SmoothSpleenwort or Ceterach ,
but more like unto thofe of Polypody , about a fpan
long , to the middle Rib on both Cides , making
as it were fo many feveral little Leaves upon one
great Winged Leaf and each fmall Leaf dented
about the Edges with fharp points , and rough on
both fides , but without fuch fpots on the backs of
them as Polypody and Ceterach have.

VI. The lecond rough kind, or lefler or fmaller
Rough Spleenwort, Its Root has a thick head
which is covered with Scales lying one upon another .
with divers Fibres adjoining to them. It is fome-
thing like to the former or firft rough kind , but
that the divided Leaves fet on each fide of the foft

browmfh

Chap. 652. Unglijh Herbs. 1075

brovomjh Stalks are narrower and longer , each fe-
par ated from the other , but not fully to the middle
Rib. In the middle of thofe outward Leaves , rife
up ethers which are larger , and having blacker
Stalks of Narrower Leaves like unto them , but
fully feparated , and feeming as if they were Curl-
ed, with brownifh Spots or Scales on the backs of
them , /V? other herns. There is another of this

fecond kind \ wfc/V# /'x than this , is found
about Colchefler in Elfex , and in other places ,
growing in the wet borders of Yields , by Hedge

fidcs.

\ if. Gerard yj/yx, that the Root of this fecond
rough kind is black and fet with a number of flcn-
der firings , and that it is partly like the other
herns in fhew , bearing neither Stalk nor Seed , ha-
ving narrow Leaves a Foot long , fomthing longer ,

fafhed on the edges even to the middle Rib , fmooth
on the upperfide , and of a f worth green color un-
derneathj and rough as are the Leaves of Poly-
podv.

VIII. The third rough kiud, or Baftard Spleen-
wort. 7/x Root is final f compofed of many firings.
It has brown rough Stalks , with winged Leaves on
them , fomthing like to the Female Fern , but thick-
er and greater by much ; 0# /fo upperfide ,

Spkenmrt Baftard.

and [potted with brown rough Scales on the other
fide , wwJ; to Ceterach or the fmooth kind.

Gerarc I fays , ;Vx R00/ ?x thick, black , and bufhy like
as it were a Crows Nefi. And is not only barren
of Stalks and Seeds , but alfo of thofe marks and
fpots with which the others are f pot ted. The leaves
are few in number , growing Pyramid or Steeple
; fafbion'd , greater and broader be low , and gradually
fharper towards the Top.

IX. T/>£ Places. The Smooth Spleenwort, or
Ceterach grows as well upon Old Stone Walls and

Rocks, as in moift and fhadowy places in manv
parts of England js about Briflol and other the Welt
pans plentifully, as alfo on \ ramingham-Cnf le , on
Bcckensfi eld Church in harkfhire , at Stroud in Kent
and in many other Places. It is alfo found about
Zfo//;, JPW/x, and Salsbury , where it grows in great
plenty. The firft of the Rough kinds grows in
moift places, and Moorifh grounds: It is found
growing in i/tf/y, and I have found it growing
plentifully in feveral low and moift places in the
South Carolina. The fecond and third grows in
moift places and Groves, as alfo on barren Heaths
m feveral places both of England and Germany.
The lecond grows not only on dry barren Heaths
but on Sandy Banks and fhadowy places in molt
parts of England, but efpecially on Hamfteai-
neatb near London , where it grows in great abun-
dance.

X. The Times. The Ceterach or Smooth Spleen-
wort, like Polypody , abides green all Winter-
and the Rough kinds flourifh and appear in their
Vigor, at the lame times and feafons in which the
other Ferns do.

XI The Qualities. They are all temperate in
relped to heat or cold, moifture or drynefs, or if
they exceed it any ways, they are rather hot and
dry m the beginning of the firit degree, they are A-
peritive, Abfterfive, and wafting or confuming
Diuretick, Hepatick, and Splenetick.

. XII. T7a? Specification. Spleenworts of all the
kinds, but the Ceterach or Smooth kind, more ef-
pecially, (and which is moftly and chiefly ufed)
c“r“ f°r« of pains. Tumors, or Swellings,
and Ubltruchons ol the Spleen, is good againft
the Yellow Jaundice, Hiccough, and the Stran-
gury or Pifling by drops; and is faid alfo to waite
the Stone in the Bladder, to cure Melancholy, and,
fpeedily to help a Virulent Gonorrhtea , and other
Symptoms arifing from the French Di/eofc.

XIII. The Preparations. From the' Ceterach
or Scolopendrium, you may have, I. A Dccotfion
of the whole Plant in Wine or Water. 2. A Pon-
der of the fame. 3. A Duji from the Back/, dec 'of
the Leaves. 4. A Lye from the AJhes. 5. A Di-
Jhlled Water. And from the Lonchitis or rough
kind, you may have, 6. A Ponder of the Dryed
Leaves. 7. A Cataplafm of the Green Leaves.

The Virtues.

XIV . The DecoHion of Ceterach, (the whole
Plant ) in Wine or Water. Diofcorides lays, that
the Decotlion of the Leaves in Wine, being drank
for the fpace of forty days, Cures Melancholy,
takes away Infirmities of the Spleen, helps the
Strangury and Yellow Jaundice, and caufes the
Stone in the Bladder to moulder and pafs away,
this Plant being of thin and fubtil parts. He fays
likewife, that it flops the Hiccough, cures Venereal
difeafes, but induces Barrennefs in Women, and
therefore by them is to be avoided.

XV. The Ponder of the fame. It may be ta-
ken to a Dram morning and night in any conve-
nient Vehicle for all the purpofes aforefaid. It is
alfo by fome affirm’d, that is is not only good a-
gainft fwelling and hardnefs of the Spleen, but
that all Diftempers of the Liver may in a veiy
fliort time be cured therewith.

XVI. The DuJl from the backfides of the
Leaves. Matthiolus lays, that if a Dram thereof
be mixed with Amber in fine Pouder half a Dram,
and taken in the Juice of Purflane or Plantane,

6X2 (4 Ounces)

IO 76

Salmon' s Herbal. Lib, I,

: j. Ounces) it will fpeedily cure the Gonorrhea or

running of the Reins. ,

XVII. The Lye e/ixivtated jrom the Afhes 0)
tl:c whole Plant. Camerarius fays, that being
drink lor Rome time (I fuppofe it malt be made
of fuch a ftrength that it may be drinkable) it
cures Rich as are troubled with the Spleen : I am
lure it is of good ufe again!! the Strangury, Stone,
Gravel , and Tartarous matter, the in R.eirls,
Ureters, and Bladder, and is profitable againft the
Yellow Jaundice.

XVIII. The Dillilled Water. Camerarius fays,
that being given (to half a Pint or more) is very
effectual againft the Stone and Gravel, in both
Reins and Bladder. 1 fuppofe that if it be mixed
with an equal part of White Wine and a Scruple
of the Salt of S p/eenmrr, or 2 Drams of the former
Lyc, it will be much more effectual to all the pur-
pofes intended thereby.

XIX. The Louder of the Drycd Leaves of the
leffer rough Splecmwrr , or Lonchitis, given to a
.Dram in White Wine Vinegar morning and night
for fome time, it is held to be very good to dif-
folve the hardnefs of the Spleen.

XX. The Cataplafm of the Green Leaves. Ap-
plied to Ample Green Wounds, it prevents Infia-
mations and f lux of Humors, and induces their
healing.

SPOON-WORT, fee Scurvigrafs. Chap.

CHAP. DCLIII.

Of SPONGE.

I, it 'HE Karnes. It is called in Greek Smyy&:
j. in Latine, Sponga : and in Englifh, Sponge :
from the Greek Name.

II. The Kinds. It was the opinion of fome that
Sponges were Zoophyte , i. e. P lent anim antes vel
Plantanimalia. , viz. Animal or Scnfihle Plants :
and tho’ this was the thoughts of fome in Arilio-
tlcs time, yet he feems not to lie of that Opinion,
for in his hit form Animalium , Lib. 5. Cap. 16.
He fays, that tho ’ divers did think and fay in his
time that Sponges had Senfe in them , for that as
they fay , they would Jhrink if any did pluck them ,
and were hard to be pull’d up, and that they do fo
hkewife , when the Surges of the Sea would break
them off from their Seats or Rrfidence ; yet (fays
ho') divers did doubt of the truth of that Rela-
tion. ’Tis doubtlefs a foolilh and falfe Opinion,
for a Sponge is no more a Senfitive fubjhmce than
a Mujhroom, and is nothing elfe, but a Plant like
F. xcrefcence, bred from the matter it grows upon,
as Agarick is from the Larch-Tree , and Jcws-Ears
f rom the Elder. We have no more to Treat of
here, but of the Common or Ordinary Sponges
which are daily in ufe, of which fome are greater,
fome are Idler, fome round, fome cornered, fome
Rat, fome Tuberous : fome clofe and hard, others
more loofe and open, fome of a fine and thin
fubftance, others of a courfer and thicker : fome
of a brown yellow color, others of a pale yellow,
or almoft white. And Baubinus fays, that fome
were called. 1. Hircina , Goar Sponges, from a
hairyuefs they had upon them. 2. Velaria, from
the fmaltnefs of their holes, being almoft as clofe
and narrow as thofe in Vails. 3. Ramofapiftulofa ,

| from their being branched with a great Pipe-like
hollownefs.

The Descriptions.

III. Sponge is of a light , hollow, foft fubfiance,
neither Stony, Woody, nor Herb-like, but rather
like a hollow matted fubftance made of fine Woo! or
Cotton wrought together by nature, full (in all
parts of it) of j mall holes, fome greater , fome lef-
fer, which are ready to receive and hold much Wa-
ter, and by pr effing or wringing it hard, toyeili
it out again ; but as it encreafes in the Water , viz.
in its place of Growth, it fomtimes gathers into it
or elfe there is driven into its holes fever al fmalL
gritty Stones , which are commonly found therein
which Jhcw the breeding and growth thereof, is up-
on fome Rocky, or Gravelly Places, or not far
from the Earth.

IV. The Places. It is ufually found in the Sea
and upon fome (hoars, after it has been by fome
accident broken off from the place on which it had
Grown, which polfibly might have been on the
fide of fome Stone, or Rock, or Gravelly or Rocky
Creek, or hole near the bottom of the Sea or Sea
(hoar, which lyes always covered with Water.

V'. The Times. The Seafons of its flourifhing
and Age is unknown, its poffible it may equally
grow through all the parts and days of the Year
the external Air not penetrating, or much ope-
rating upon the bottom of the Sea, or thofe parts
which are always pretty deeply covered with Wa-
ter, fo as to caufe any difference in the times of
the flourifhing of fuch things as grow, and are
always overwhelmed with the Waters of the
Deep.

VI. The Qualities. It is temperate in refpeft to
heat or coldnefs, drynefs or moifture. Aperitive,
Abfterfive, Diuretick, and Nephritick.

VII. The Specification. It is faid to be a pecu-
liar Remedy for the Kings Evil, Sand, Gravel,
Stone, or any Tartarous matter in the Reins or
Bladder: Profitable againft Blains, Botches, Boils,
Pufhes, and other breakings out in the Face and
Skin, and to clear the Eye-fight.

VIII. The Preparations. You may make there-
from , 1. A Decotfion 2. A ftmple Pouder of
Sponge. 3. Helmonts Ponder. 4. Afhes. ;. Pou-
der oj the fmall Stones in Sponges. 6. Volatile
Spirit, Salt and Oil of Sponge. 7. A Compound
Pouder. 8. Tents of the fubftance thereof.

The Virtues.

IX. The TtccoUion in Wine or Water. It is
ufed for a Fomentation or Bathing; it eafes pain
difcufles recent Tumors, and foftens fuch as are’
hard : after Bathing the Sponge it felf may be ap-
plied as hot as it may be well endured and fo
bound on.

X. The ftmple Pouder of Sponge. It is made by

drying the Sponge throughly by the Fire, or in
an Oven, almoft to fcorching it, and then beating
it to pouder in an Iron Mortar. Dofe a Dram
in any fit Vehicle ; taken in Wine, it is faid to
Purge like Cremor Tartari, cutting thick, grofs
and Vifcous humors; it eafes pains of the Sto-
mach, Griping of the Guts. Colick, Straneurv
Stone, Gravel, £ %c. ”

XI. Helmonts Pouder of Sponge. Take Sea

Sponge

Chap. 65 3 . Unglijh Herbs .

Sponge burnt up to a Coal 3 Ounces : Cuttle Fijb
Bone Calcin'd , Egg-Jhells Calcin'd , &// Gm, Galls,
Ginger , Pepper , Pellitory of Spain , <wm, an

Ounce : all being in fine Pouder , w/at //;£■/# /0£o
with the Water Difiilled from the aforefaid
Sponge , which deficcate or dry by degrees. It cures
the Kings-Evil, being taken for a Month together,
half a Dram at a time mixt with half an Ounce
of White Sugar-, beginning to take it when the
Moon begins to decreafe, or prefently after the
Full. It alio is faid to cure Pufhes, Botches,
Boils, and Swelling Pimples in the Face and other
Parts.

XII. The AJhes. They are made by a fimple and
naked Calcination in an open Fire ■, or of the Caput
Mart, at the bottom of the Retort after the Spirit, and
Volatile Salt are afcended or drawn off. Mixed
with a little Wine, it is ufed to clear the Eye-
light, and to cure them when Blood-fliot, or
troubled with a Rheum or Watering.

XIII. T. he Pouder of the fmall Stones in the
Sponge. It is given to fuch as are troubled with
Stone, Gravel, Sand, and Tartarous Mucilage in
the Reins and Bladder : to help to break the Stone,
and to caufe it to pafs away with the Urine.
Dofe a Dram morning and night in a Glafs of
White Wine, &c.

XIV. The Volatile Spirit , Salt and Oil of Sponge.
They are made by dHiillation in a Glafs Retort $
Take as much Sponge as you pleafe , cut it very
fmall , put it into the Retort , which place in a clofe
Reverberatory , with its receiver : Lute the jun-
cture well , and give lire Gradatim, like as in di-
ftillation of Tartar -, and continue to increafe it by
little and little , till the white and Oily Clouds be-
gin to come , and that you fee the Volatile Salt does
fublime , and flick to the fides of the Receiver
continue the fire in the fame degree , till all is
come forth, and the Receiver grows clear of its felf
Then wafie the fire , and all being cold ', take away
the Veffels , pour out the Spirit and Volatile Salt
together , and feparate the Oil by a Funnel , or fome
Cotton , whioh keep in a Glafs by its felf Put the
Spirit and Volatile Salt into a low Glafs Body , and
reClify them in Sand, keeping them together. This
Spirit is a Angular Lithontriptick, or breaker of
the Stone. The Salt alfo is good to break the
Stone in the Reins and Bladder. It is powerful
alfo to difeufs and cure all Strumous Swelling or
Kings-Evil, in the Neck or any other part, being
given from gr. 6. ad 1 6. in any proper Vehicle. This
Volatile Salt and Spirit of Sponge are faid to be
fome of the greateftSpecificks inNaturefor theCure
of the King-Evil, being given morning and night
in the proportion aforefaid, in any proper Vehicle
Univerfals being premifed. And indeed the Spi-
rit, Volatile Salt, and foetid Oil of Sponges, are
not only excellent againft the Evil-, but alfo to
diffolve and cure the Bronchocele , which is a Bunch
or great Swelling round the Throat, to open Ob-
ftru&ions in the Reins, Ureters, -and Bladder, to
break the Stone, and to expel it, as alfo Sand,
Gravel, and the like from the Urinary parts. By
following thefe' Medicines for fome time, you
will daily and evidently fee thefe Scrophulous
Strumous, and Bronchocele Tumors to decreafe and
vanifh to nothing. In the Difiillation, part of the
Volatile Salt will arife and flick to the Top and
Neck of the Retort , and part of it will mix, and
be diffolve d in the Spirit. Tou may 1 edify each a-
part if you fo pleafe, or diffolve all the Salt in
the Spirit, and r edify them together from the Olea-
ginous particles, as we have in many places taught
in Our Seplafium, or Druggifls Shop. The Cal-

cin d Sponge at the bottom of the Retort may be re-
iU<c\ y? Pouder or Afbes for the purpofes at
sett. All. aforegoing and it may alfo ferve to fton
violent fluxes of the Blood. From the Caput
Mortuum, as it is left in the bottom you will get
but little fixt Salt , without a new anl open Calci-
nation, and therefore it is neceffary to Calcine it a-
gain m a Crucible till it is white, after whioh yc,u
may draw forth the faid fixt Salt ajter the Vul-
gar Method. This fixt Salt is of the nature of
other fixt Alcalies, as Salt of Tartar, Salt of
OiHer-Jhells, and the like, and may be given in
the fame Cafes A gr. 12. ad 24. in Arfmarr Par-
'll or Onion Waters, againft Qbttruaions in the
■veins, Ureters and Bladder, Stone and Gravel
and to abforb Acid humors, which are the caufes
of many pernicious Difeafes. See more at large
hereof in the Third Edition of Our Pharm. Ba-
teana. Lib. i.«Cap. 2. Seft. 33. and Cap. 10.
Sect. 40. where you will find much iacisfa-
etion.

XV. The Compound Pouder. Take Pouder of
Sponges, Pouder of Sows or Hog-Lice, ana an
Ounce, Pouder s of Crabs-Eyes and Winter Cher-
ries, ana, half an Ounce, mix them. Dofe from
2 Scruples to 4, or a Dram and half in Wine, Ale
Arfmart or Parfly Water, fweetned with Syrup of
Maifh Mallows, againft the Stone, Gravel, Stran-
gury, Kings-Evil, Bronchocele, E 7c. to be given
morning, and night, &e.

XVI. Pledgets or Tents made of Sponge. The

Sponge being Dipt into a thin Gum Water , is then
to be fqueez’d hard, and prejl ftrongly in a Prefs
and Jo kept till they are perfettly dry, and then to
be cut out into Tents, or Pledgets, of what form
or bignefs you pleafe. They are put into hollow
Ulcers which ate ready to clofe, before they are
throughly cleanfed, and to open and widen the
Orifices of Fiftulas, hollow Ulcers, &e. a Thred
being firft tyed to them before they are put in
thereby to pull them out again. ’

CHAP DCLIV.

Of SPURGE Carden.

1. 'T'tfE Names. It is called by the Arabians,

1 Mandana, and Mahendanc : in Greek,
A»'0ue« : in Latine, Lathyris, and Cataputia minor
(becaufe the Seed of Ricinus or Pa/ma-ChriJU in
Chap. 616. following, is called Cataputia major)
and in Englifh, Garden Spurge.

II. The Kinds. There are above half a hundred
particular forts of this Plant, but we in this work
(hall not take notice of above Eignt Generick
Species thereof, and under each of their Titles
we fhall Treat only of fuch as either grow and are
Nurft up in Our Gardens, or Grow Wild abroad
in Our Fields, Woods, Marfties, &c. or are found
growing in Our Weft-lndia Plantations, and Ame-
rican lfianis . 1. Adt. Lathyris, Cataputia mi-
nor, Garden Spurge, of which in this Chapter.

2. 17/tuW, Pityufa , Efula , and Efula minor
fmall Spurge, of which in Chap. d;;. 3. Cherva
Kbu, w V.ehV/1, Cici, and Croton, Ricinus, Palma-
Chrijii, Great Spurge, of which in Chap. 6^6.
4. eouUeja, Mezereon , Chamelea Germanica, Thy-
me fa, Spurge Olive, of which in Chap. A57. ;.
Ti5mma©- ^csKi'a*, Tithymalus , Titbymalus Chara-

107B

Salmon .r Herbal. Lib. I.

Cl, IS ft. e. Vail, iris, becaufe it ufually grows m
Valievs and low moift places.) Wood Spurge,
of which in Chap. 658. 6. Ttthymalus Valuflris,

live ffula major Qermanica , Marlh Spurge, or
Greater Efula, ot which in Chap. 6%<j- 7 ■ ' '■

thymalus parallels, Lattaria, berba halt aria, sea
Spurge, of which in Chap. 66c. 8.

Laureola , Spurge Laurel, of which in Chap. ,661.
following: of all which in their order.

ill. The Kinds of the Garden Species. The
tnoft common are thefe three, viz. 1. Aaflww,
Laibyris major hortenfis, Cataputia minor, Ihe
Greater Garden Spurge. 2. Latbyms minor hor-
tenfis, Calaputia minor , The leffer Garden Spurge,
a. Laibyris minima, Latbyris minor TbalechampbiU
Laibyris minor flare conglomerate) Bauhim, 1 he
final left Garden Spurge, and this very probably
is the Cataputia fufilla Ce/alpin ► The Name
Spurs,’,, is fuppofed to be derived from its Pur-
ging Quality, it being an exceeding great and very
Vehement Purger.

The Defcriptions.

IV The firft, Or Our greater Garden Spurge.
Its Root is long anti Woody, periling as foon as
its Seed time is over, and fprings again every
year of the Seed of its own Sowing, it njes up
with one hollow fir ait whitifh Stalk , vf a Jingo s
thicknefs , Jhadowed over as it were with a brown
color 1 on which grow up to the Top for the p'Jt
year , many thick fat long and fomewhat narrow
Leaves , of a blcwifh green color on the upper Jide ,
and more whitifh underneath , font e thing like unto
Willow Leaves for the form , which being cut or
broken yeild M ilk as plentifully as any of the ci-
ther Spurges . The next year after , it fpreads it

Spurge Garden.

felf into many J. mail Branches , with f mailer Leaves
at every partition, every part whereof yield Milk
as the others do. The flowers are of a rale yellow
color, and Jland in Cups, as the other kinds do,
but are f mailer than fame of them, yeilding fwcet ,
and nothing near fo hot and burning Seed, which is
enclofed in Triangular heads or husks, fomething
like to thofe of Palma Chrifti ; but rounder and
larger, than in many other of the Spurges, which
in the hot Sun ( the heads or husks cracking or di-
viding) will fall out of their own accord.

V. The fecond, or Leffer Garden Spurge. T his
in its Roots, Stalks, Leaves, Branches, F lowers ,
Seed and form and manner of growing is wholly
like the former, faving that in every fart there-
of it is leffer, and can only be diferiminated from
it by that very Jign, and by which it is diftinguiflit
from the other.

VI. The third, or Smalleft Garden Spurge. Its
Root is fmall. , having many Strings with fibres
adjoining to them. It fprings up with many J. lender
branches lying on the Ground , fet full of fmall
Leaves, no bigger than thofe of Knotgrafs, from
among which rifes up a Stalk, about a foot high,
having many other Branches fpringing from it,
almojt from the bottom to the top, which are fet
full of fuch like fmall Leaves, as grew below.

Spurge Garden Smalleft.

At the Tops whereof come forth many flowers ,
which are fmall and yellow, Cluftering thick toge-
ther, upon fmall Tootftalks , but not fpread abroad
like the former. The Leaves and Stalks of this
yield a Milky juice like thofe aforegoing.

VII. The T laces. Thefe all grow in fome places
Wild about the borders of Fields ; but for the
moll part in Gardens almolt every where, in which
when they are once Planted, they do not eafiy quit
their habitation.

VIII. The

Chap. 655. £ nglijb 'Herbs, 107 9

VIII. Tfo Times. They all flower about the
latter end of June , and throughout July, and their
Seed is ripe in Auguft.

IX. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in
the fourth degree, Cathereticks, and very ftrong
Emeticks and Catharticks. Of which the Seed is
tor the moft part in ufe with us, to purge with,
both by Vomit and Stool.

X. The Specification. Spurge is proper againft
the Scurvy, Dropfy, Jaundice, Gout, and Rheu-
matifm arifing from a Cold caufe.

XI. The Preparations. You may have there-
from. 1 . A Liquid Juice or Milk. 2. Troches
of the Juice. 3. A DecoSion in Wine or Water
or Broth, a. The whole Seed. 5. A Dijlilled Wa-
ter of the whole Plant.

The Virtues.

XII. The Liquid Juice or Ah Ik. It works
more Violently than the Seed, and therefore is
icarcely fit to be taken inwardly, but to be out-
wardly applyed, and that carefully too* and foit
is a depilatory, and helps to take away hair on
the Eye-brews, Fore-head, Temples and other
parts ^ but it ought not to touch any other part of
the Face or Skin. Being alfo Cautioufly applied,
it takes away proud and dead flefh in Wounds,
hard Callous lubftances, Knots, Corns, or Warts
in the flefh (if they be firft pared to the quick,
and then applyed ) It is alfo good againft run-
ning Scabs and Sores, as alfo to obliterate Scars,
Spots, and blemifhes or other marks of the Skin.
If it is put into an hollow Tooth, (which you muft
do with that Caution, fo as it may touch no 0-
ther Tooth, Gums, nor Mouth) it will eafe he
Pain thereof.

XIII. The Troches. If the Milk is made up
into Troches or little Balls, with Meal or flower
of Beans, Peafe, Barly, or Wheat, and kept dry,
it will ferve all the Year to ufe, as occafion is of-
fer’d for the purpofes aforefaid.

XIV. The Deco f ion in Wine , Water , or fat
Broth. It has all the Virtues of the Liquid Juice,
but much more gentle, and is good to remove
moft external deformities of the Skin. Taken in-
wardly it works to lome purpofes (as in the
Scurvy, Dropfy, Jaundice, Gout, Evil, and Rheu-
matifm*,) more fafely than the Seed, and fomo-
what more weakly.

XV. The Seed. It is given 5, 7, 9, or 10
grains or Seeds at a time, according to the Age and
Strength of the Patient, which purges both ways,
viz , both by Stool and Vomit, and evacuates
tough Flegm, Choler, Melancholy, and Water as
Dif corides fays, and fo cures thofe difeafes caufed
by the abounding of thofe humors. The ulual
manner is to fwallow the Seeds whole, without
breaking either Husk or Kernel, and then they
work the more gently and weakly: but if the
husks are broken, and the Kernels fwallowed
whole or Chewed, or otherwife bruifed and mix-
ed with Drink or Broth, they will then work the
more violently, and therefore are to be taken with
the more Caution.

XVI. The Diftilled Water of the whole Plant.
It is of an efpecial ufe to cleanfe the Skin from
Freckles, Scurff, Morphew, or any other difcolor-
ing, defilement or deformity of the Skin, ufed ei-
ther by it felf, or mixed with Bean flower or
Ballard Dittany, or Crowfoot water, being gently
Bathed on the affe&ed places, removing the Dif-

afte&ions of the parts in a fhort fpace of tim&
The fimple water is alfo profitable againft putrid
and foul Ulcers and running Sores.

Nota. The Garden Spurges are faid to he cf
fe Huai for all the purpofes to which the Palma
Chrifti or greater Spurge may he applyed.

CHAP DCLV.

Of S P U R G E [mall,

O R,

E S U L A [mall.

I- X HE Names. It is called in Greek ft/tum# :
X in Latine, and in the Shops Efula, Efula
minor, Pityufa, (as if it was a Pine Spurge:) and
in Englifh, fmall Spurge and fmall Efula.

II. The Kinds. There are Twelve or Thirteen
feveral forts of this Plant, but the five follow-
ing are chiefly known to us, viz. 1. Efula mi-
nor, Efula rotunda, Efula minor rotunda , Peplus
round headed Spunge. 2. Efula minor, Pityufa
minor, Tithymalus pinea , fmall Effula or Pine
Spurge. 3. Efula Cyprina, CypariJJias vulgaris,
Tithymalus CypariJJias vulgaris. Our Common
Cyprefs Spurge, or Welcome to our Houfe. 4.
Efula five Tithymalus Heliofcopius , Efula folife-
quia. Sun Spurge, becaufe it follows the motion
and courfe of the Sun. 7. Efula exigua Tragi ,
Peplis minor Dalecampij ■ Tithymalus Lepto-
phyllos Matthioli, Dwarf Spurge, or fmall An-
nual Spurge.

The Defcriptionr.

III. The firft, or Round headed Spurge. Its
Root is Jmall and long, with many fmall Strings and
fibres at it, perifhtng every year, and rifing again

Spurge round headed [mall, or Peplus.

,

dl

Ifl

ioBo Salmon j- Herbal* Lib. I.

of its own Sowing. It Jhoots forth round about
the Root , many fmall weak reddifh upright branches ,
with J mal l Leaves fct by Couples for the mofl part ,
fomcwhat like to the Leaves of the Sun Spurge at
Se£t VL following, but rounder pointed , and / mall -
er, of a grayifh green color on the upper fide-, and
a little reddifh or purplifh underneath , which will
oftentimes change to be wholly Purple , in the Sum-
mer time. The flowers are very J mall and yellow,
funding more round or clofe together, as it were
in an Umbel, otherwife like unto the ref. The
Seed is very fmall and contained alfo in a kind of
Triangular heads. There is another fort of this
with red flowers.

IV. Thefecond, or fmall Efula, or Pine Spurge,
(which is thought to be Rulandus his Efula.) Its
Root is fmall and long, of the bignefs of ones
finger, fome thing blackifh on the out fide, but white
within , and abiding many years -, yet the Extre-
mity of Winter does fome times rot it, and caufe it
to per ifh. ' The Root of this Efula, is accounted
by the mofl learned Phyfcians to be the true Efula
minor and that out of which the Extra&um Efulz
Kulandi is to be made. This fmall Spurge has
divers weak and flender Stalks, half a yard high,
on which grow many fmall, long, and narrow point-
ed Leaves without order , round about them, very
like unto the Leaves of Toad-Flax -, at the Tops of
the Stalks grozo yellow flowers, fometimes dafht o-
ver with Purple, like fome of the other Spurges,
but leffer, and growing in the like Cups : which
falling away, the Seed comes after, which is fmall
and reund and contained in Triangular heads or
husks.

V. The third, or Our Common Cyprefs Spurge.
The Root of this is very like ‘ the Jecond kind juft
before dejeribed, infomuch that many have mifla-
ken it, for the true Efula minor out of which the
Ext rail ought to be made. And have ufed it in-
ficad thereof. But this Cyprefs Spurge is fo like
to that Pine Spurge, that it has deceived many,
who have not carefully view'd it, and obferUd the
differences : for this has alfo fcveral flender
brownifh Stalks, on. which grow fmall narrow
Leaves, but fdmething fhorter and thicker than
thofe former, and thicker fct upon the Stalks. And
in its Flowers and Seed, it is like the fame alfo.

VI. The fourth, or Sun Spurge. Its Root is
fmall and Thrcddy, perifhing every year after Seed
time, and rifing again of its own Sowing. It has
for the mofl part but one reddifh Stalk, half a yard
high, bare of leaves at the bottom, almofl half way
■upwards, and then fpr coding it felf into two or
three fmall Branches , on which grow Sparfedly di-
vers ycllowifh green Leaves, f mailer at the bottom,
and broader at the ends, fomething like unto Pur-
flane Leaves. The flowers are yellow like unto
the refl, J landing in hollozo Cups of two Leaves a-
piece, the Stalk running through them , as is to be
fecn in mofl: of the others. The whole Top or head
of flowers is faid to turn with the Sun, ( whence
the. Name Tithymalus Heliofcopius five Solife-
quius.) The Seed is fmall and round, contained
in like Triangular heads as the former.

VII. The fifth; or Dwarf Efula, or fmall An-
nual Spurge. Its Root is fmall, long, hard, and
Woody , perifhing every year, as foon as it has gi-
ven its Seed. It has many fmall flender weak
Stalks about two handfuls high, bufhing forth into
many Branches , and fpreading far upon the
Ground: on which grow very fmall, long, and
narrow Leaves, ftanding upright, and which grow
pretty thick thereon, which oftentimes are not
/harp but flat pointed -, the upper mofl whereof are
(omc what broad at the bottom ; and compafs about

mofl part. The flowers are yellow like unto the
others, and very fmall, after which come Triangu-
lar heads, which arc fmall and contain fmall round

grayifh Seed, not much bigger than Poppy Seed.

. VIII .1 he Places. Thcfrfl grows in Vinevards
in trance, as alio in Ditches and borders of Fields
Gerard fays, it grows in Salt Marines near the Sea
as in the ljle of Thanet by the Sea fide, between
Reculvers and Margate, in great Plenty, it alfo
grows in many of Our Gardens. The Jecond and
third grow in fome places in Germany and. France.
both by Rivers fides and borders of Fields but
with us only in Gardens. The fourth, grows ’wild
with us in many places, Gerard fays, it grows in
barren and nvafte grounds, and in earable Land,
jlmoft every where. The fifth grows in many
Chalky grounds in dry hilly places, as alfo in our
Cornfields.

IX. 7 he Times. The third kind commonly
flowers in May ; all the others in June July
and Auguft, and their Seeds are ripe in the months
following.

X. The Qualities. Efula is hot and dry in the
fourth degree; Inflaming, Catheretick, ftrongly
hmetick and Cathartick ; of thefe the fecond kind
is chiefly ufed.

XI. The Specification. The Seed and Root are
chieny in ufe with us, and are good to evacuate
Vilcous humors of all kinds, and Cure the cold
Scurvy, Dropfy, Jaundice, Evil, Rhuematifm
Sciatica, and Gout. The Milky juice has all the
Properties but much more violent.

XII. The Preparations. There are of Ufe i
The whole Seed. 2. A Decoaion of the fame in
Fat Broth. 3. The Root prepared. 4. The Milk
or Juice. 5. Pills of Efula. 6. A DJiilled wa-
ter of the whole Plant, -j. A P0„der of the Seed
and Leaves. 8. An ExtraU.

The Virtues.

1 ~^e w^°le Sard. They may be given
build from 3 to 8 (tho’ Diofcorides fays they
may be taken to a dram, which is too large a
Dofe by much for our Englifh Conftitutions) a-
garnft the Scurvy, Dropfy, Sciatica, Gout, Rheu-
maulm, pam in the Stomach, and Hypochon-
driack Melancholy, they both Vomit and Purse
briskly and expel Water, Flegm, Melancholy
Choler, and other Vifcous humors and Tartarous
matter from all parts of the Body.

XIV. The Decoaion of Seed or Leaves in Fat
Broth. By Bathing with it, it cures the Stingings
or Bitings of Scorpions, Hornets, Serpents, and
other Venomous Creatures, and purges ftrongly
downwards Choller and Fiegm, eafes the pains
and takes away the hardnefs of the Belly and
dwelling of the Breafts. And is Angular againft
the Dropfy, Sciatica, Rheumaiifm and Gout be-
ing taken every other morning inwardly. ’

• XV; V)e Koot pnptred. It is done by bruifing
lr, and fteepmg it in Vinegar, and fo reducing it
to pouder. Diofcorides fays, it may be given to

2 Drams: but I am fatisfied that given from half
a Dram to a Dram, according to Age and Strength
may be a fuffictem quantity: it may be given in
Mead or Honied Water, for all the purpofes afore

XV I. The Milk or Juice. It is dangerous to be
taken inwardly : but outwardly, it is good againft
the bringing of Scorpions and Hornets, the Bit-
ings of Serpents, Mad Dogs, Etc. and applied to

Warts,

Chap. 656. Englijh Herbs.

1

081

Warts, Corns, and other Excrefcencies, it takes
them away. And mixed with a fufficient quan-
tity of Honey, it is good to clear the fight, help
dimnels of the Eyes, watering and running of them,
and to take away Films or Scars growing in them,
The Juice is made by beating in a Mortar and Ex-
prefling it * but Diofcorides fhews us another way
of doing it : Thus. Beat the Roots, and put
them into a Veflel full of water, ftirring or beat-
ing them well therein, and with a feather gather
the uppermoft upon the Water, which being dryed
and kept, ferves for the ufes aforefaid, and for
thofe which have the Dropfy.

XVII. 'Pills of Efula. Take the Root prepared
by feeping a night and day in White Wine Vinegar ,
reduced to Pouder , an Ounce : Aloes two Ounces :
Ala (lick 2 Drains : all being in Pouder make them
up into Pills with Fennel Water. Dole from a
Scruple to 2 Scruples. Tragus fays, thefe Pills
are good againlt the Dropfy, and fuch as are
fhort winded, and may be taken without pain or
danger.

XVIII. The Di filled Water of the whole Plant.
It makes a good Wafli againlt Tanning, Sunburn-
ing, Yellownefs, Freckles, Lentils, Scurff, Mor-
phew, and all other kinds of difcolorings and de-
formities of the Skin, it being wafht therewith
3 or 4 times a day -, the Pores of the Skin be-
ing firft opened, by walhing with warm Water.
It may be made much more potent, if a little of
the juice be added thereto.

XIX. The Pouder of the Seed and Leaves.
They are firft to be prepared by fteeping them
in ftrong White Wine Vinegar, then drying them,
and afterwards reducing them to Pouder by beat-
ing. Diofcorides fays, the Pouder may be given
to 3 Drams * but in our Climate, if it is given
from half a Dram to a Dram it will be Dofe
large enough. It is given againft the Dropfy and
Gout.

XX. The Extrattum EfuU Rulandi. It has
all the former Virtues* and may be given from
a Scruple to Dram, with fat Broth, according
to Age and Strength. With this Rulandus did
wonders, and almoft incredible Cures in the molt
rebellious, inveterate, and deplorable Difeafes.

CHAP. DCLVI.

Of SPURGE Gnat,

O R,

PALMA CHRIST I.

1. nr 'HE Names. It is called by the Arabians,
A Cberva, and Kerva in Greek, Klu» k^’m,
Cici and Croton, i Crotonis five R icim animalis
Jimilitudine, quod refert femen: Arias Montanas
in his Commentary upon Jonas Cap. 4. fays, that
this Plant is fignified by the Hebrew word Kikojon,
tho’ in our Bibles it is tranflated a Gourd. In
Latine Ricinus, Raima Chrifti, Cataputia major ,
Granum Regium by Mcfues ; and by fome, Tenia-
datlylus. In Englilh, The Great Spurge, and
Raima Cbrijli.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral forts of this
Plant, but the chief are, 1. Ricinus, Cataputia
major vulgatior. , Raima Cthnjli , The more Com-

mon Great Spurge, or vulgar Palma Chrifti. Put
the Seed of this Plant is for the moll part called
Cataputia major ; and by fome Ficus inferna/is ■
and its Oil in the Shops is called Oleum deCherva
and by fomp, Oleum Cicinum. 7. Ricinus minor
Raima Chrifti minor. The lefler Species of the’
grear Spurge, or Palma Chrifti : the Seed of this
wmch Rarkmfon firft faw, he fays came from
Bermudas, where they made Oil thereof. 3. Ri-
cinus Americanus, Curcas Indorum, The Am-rican
.great Spurge, or Palma Chrifti.

The Defcriptions.

tt ’I II.Je more Common Great Spurge or
Vulgar Palma Chrifti. I ,s Root conjifts of long
and great firings and /mail fibres, which with us
perfti quickly after it has felt the firft Frolis
and muft be jet new every year by fuch as will
have it, but abides all Winter in Warm Countries
which have no Vroft. This great Spurge /prints
up in our Country , to be Eight and Jometimes Nine
or Ten feet high, with a hollow Stem, as big al-
moft as our Ordinary Canes, of a brownijh color
with an Eye of blew hoarinefs upon it. The
Leaves which Jiand upon the Stem, and upon the
branches it fends forth every one feveraUy on all
Jidcs upon long Foot folks, are very broad or large.

Spurge great common : or Palma
Cbrijli.

and divided into ; 7, 8, or 9 parts or diviftons

(rSieIenh"gAhi:chmi “ ■ wi,h ,he $*£"*

Phe L TA °f“prk °r deep green color on
‘beupperfiie, and of a whitifh green underneath.

are ?any round buttons, /hooting
forth together, and Jiand all along upon a long

6 Y Stalk,

1082 Salmons Herbal. Lib. 1.

Sialk, at the Tops of the Stem end Brunches, con-
filing of tinny pole yellow Threads , which fall
„w jy without bearing any Seed , but farther or
higher up, upon the Stem, or main Stalk , and
Sometimes upon the Branches, break forth other
'heads, which are the Seed, upon long Yootjlalks, be-
ing Triangular , rough and afhcolored on the out-
ride, or outward Jbeil, which opening it felf or
being opened, there lies within it the Seed, whofe
outward husk is difcolored, or as it were J potted
and Jhaped like unto a Tick or Tike, which con-
tains within it, a pretty large, round, fomewbat
long and flat Shining Seed, of a brown color,
having a white Pulp or Kernel within it, of a
fiery hot Tafte, burning the Mouth and Throat
of fucb as cat it, but very Oily , and from which
(in the Welt-Indies, as in Carolina, (Sic.) they
prefs forth an OH, which is ufed for External
purpofes, and femes alfo to burn in Lamps, but
‘is hurtful to be ufed with food, as Diofcorides
fays i and yet I have been told by fame in thofe
Welt-Indies, that they eat it as Oil Olive, with-
out any hurt or detriment ; this may be true for
all that I know, and yet l Jhould be loath to make
the Experiment.

IV Gerard deferibes it after this manner. Rici-
nus, Palma Chrilti or Kjk, from a long well
branched Root, Springs up with a great round
holloa Stalk, five Cubits or (even or eight
feet high , of a brown color , dyed of a blewifh
Purple upon green. The Leaves are great and
large, divided into fever al fetlions or parts, fa-
Jhioncd like unto the Leaves of a Eiglree , but
greater, and Spread wider open like a Alans hand
Towards the Top, there comes forth a bunch oj
flowers c/uflering together like a bunch of Grapes ,
of which the lovjermoji are of a pale yellow color,
and wither away without bearing any fruit , but the
uppermoft are reddijh , bringing forth three corner-
ed heads or husks, in which arc contained the Seed
as big as a kidney bean, of the color and fhape of
a certain Vermin whichhaunts Cattel , called a Tick
or Tike. ^j|

V. The Tecond, or letter Species of the Great
Spurge or Palrtia Chrilti. It is like the former ,
but leffer in every part , allho it grow in the fame
ground, whofe Seed being ripe is manifeftly much
leffer than that of the former. This Plant Clufius
in his Exoticks, Lib. 2. Cap. 21 • has taken notice
of-, and Beflerus in his Hortus Eyftettenfis, has
largely prefigured.

VI. The third, or American Great Spurge, or
Palma Chrilti. This differs from the two former
forts , not only in the greatnefs , but alfo in the
form ; for as Nlonardus and Aldinus fay, it grows
to be much greater than any growing in Spain,
whofe firfl Leaves are almofi round, and larger
than thofe of the firfl Species, but thofe which fol-
low are broad tike to the Palm of an hand, and cut
in or Torne on the edges for the mojl part into
Jive dwifiofts, Something refembling or anfwering
to the Jive fingers of a hand (whence probably
came the Name PentadaHylus, and is an appella-
tion more proper for this Species, than for either
of the former.) In the Seed there is fome diffe-
rence alfo, which tho 1 the heads or husks are Tri-
angular as other Spurges are, and the former Ri-
cini, yet the outward husk is not prickly or rough,
but fmooth , and of an AJh color , the inner moft Seed
it felf being J owe what like the former but more
black, and not Spotted at all, ana is full as Oily
as the firfl before defcribed , and of which a great
quantity of Oil is made for outward ufes. Its fub-

Jlance is woody and is of the magnitude of a hedg
Shrub.

VII. The Places. The firfl grow s with us in
England in our Gardens, and was brought to us
from America : but it grows alfo in the hotter
Countries of Europe, Afia, and Africa, as in
Syria, JEgypt, and other parts adjacent to them,
where as Belhnius in Obfervat. lib. 1. cap. 18.
fays, the Stalk grows to be as big as the Body of
a Man, and as Tall as a reafonable great Tree,
whofe Seed cannot be gathered without a Ladder,
its leaves not falling away in Winter; nothing
of which we know in our Colder Climates.
This Syrian or ^Egyptian Seed contains a violent
heat in it ; for the half part of one Seed being
taken by a Itrong young Man of about 20 Years
of Age, very much troubled with the He3d-ach,
purged him very forceably and eafed the Pain :
But by accident chewing the Seed in his Mouth
(which he ought to have fwallowed whole with-
out Chewing) it fa vehemently inflamed his Chaps
and Throat, and Mouth of the Stomach, that it
put him into a Fever and gave him an intolerable
Thirlt with a Fainting of the Spirits, which con-
tinued for the fpace of nine days, and then he
dyed, notwithllanding he was under the care of
three Phyfitians, who ufed all the means imagina-
ble. The fecond and third kinds, grow in feveral
parts of America ; the fecond in particular I found
in fome Plantations in South Carolina , and Par-
k'll! fm fays, his firft Seed thereof came from the
Bermudas, as before is hinted.

VIII. The Times. With us in England they are
Sown in the beginning of April, and flower in the
end of July and beginning of Auguft , their Seed
being ripe towards the latter end of the fame
Month.

IX. The Vitalities. The Seed is only ufed being
hot and dry in the fourth degree. It is inflaming, ex-
treamly Attraftive, and Itrongly Emetick and
Catharcick.

X. The Specification. It is peculiar for the
Cure of a cold Scurvy , Cephalalgia , Dropfy,
Jaundice, Scrophula, Sciatica , Rheumatifm and
Gout.

XI. T he Preparations. You may have, 1. The
hulPd Seed. 2. A Deeollion thereof in Broth. 3.
An Expreffed Oil of the Seed. 4. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

XII. The hulTd Seed. Diofcorides lays, that 30
Seeds freed from the Husks, being bruifed and
taken in Drink, or other proper Vehicle, does
purge choler , water and flegm , and expel
Aqueous humors abundantly from the Belly, pro-
voking Urine alfo; but as Diofcorides himfelf
confeSes, it troubles the Stomach, and overturns
it mightily; yet with good Advice it may be gi-
ven to Itrong and Vigorous Eodys, correfted with
Anifeed, Carraways, Fennel Seed, or Winters
Cinnamon ; and fo may be given to fuch as are
troubled with the Dropfy, Sciatica, Gout, Rheu-
matifm, Kings-Evil, Melancholy, Jaundice, Mad-
nefs, OV. becaufe it draws water and flegm Itrong-
ly from the remote Parts. Cofheus in his Com-
mentary upon Mefues, thinks that the Dofe of 30
Grains or Seeds to be a fault in thofe who Coppi-
ed out Diofcorides, fetting down 30 for 3, which
latter number is the utmolt Dofe, which may be
fafely given. Clufius fays, he knew divers Em-
pyricks give of the fmall Seed, which came out

Chap. 657. TLngUJh Herbs. 108^

of America , in a fmall quantity, as a Purge in
many Difeafes, which they held as a fecret of
Worth, becaufe by its purging the Body well,
they found it a great Remedy.

XIII- The Decottion of the Seed in Cock Broth.
It is good for all the purpofes of the hull’d Seed
before related, the Dofe of which is to be regula-
ted according to the number of the Seeds.

XIV. The ExpreJJed Oil of the Seed. Duran-
tes fays, put into Clylters, it opens obftru&ions
of the Bowels, expels Wind, eafes the Colick,
and helps Fits of the Mother. Monardus fays,
the Oil of the Indian Seed, is found by daily Ex-
perience to Cure all difeafes proceeding from
Cold Caufes, dilfolve Tumors or Swellings, dif-
culfes Wind, eafes the Colick and Mother, if the
places grieved be anointed therewith, and fome
few drops of it be taken in fat Chicken Broth.
It wonderfully helps the Cramp , and Convul-
fion of the Nerves, and fhrunk up Sinews, being
anointed upon the places: It eales the Spleen, o-
pens its obftruflions, and takes away the hardnels
of the Belly by anointing the Sides and Belly
therewith; it alfo helps Scabs and running Sores
of the head, and cleanfes the Skin from all man-
ner of Spots, Blemilhes, Scurlf, Morphew, and
other Deformities thereof A Drop two, or three,
given to Children troubled with the Worms, in
Milk or Fat Broth, it kills and expels them.
And Dropt into the Ears, it cures deafnefs and
takes away the Pain, Noife, or Ringing therein.

XV. The Cataplafm of the Green Leaves. Ap-
plied of themfelves, or Beaten up with Barly
Meal or Flower, it cools and allays Inflamations
and Swellings of the Eyes; and applyed to Wo-
mens Swoln and hard Breafts after lying in, it
foftens them, abates the Tumor or Swelling,
and dilfolves the Coagulated Milk, making it to
run, or be drawn freely.

CHAP. DCLVII.

O/SPURGE Olive,

O R,

ME ZEREON.

I. '^T'HE Names. The Arabians call it Meze-
J_ recn, or Mefereon : the Greeks 0uf ukojo.
in Latine, ThymeUa, ( quafiTithymeUa , ex Tithy-
malo & Olca dedutfa) Chamahea, and Mezereon :
in Englifh, Spurge Olive, and Mezereon.

II. The Kinds. Authors make many Species of
this Plant ; we (hall only Treat of the four fol-
lowing, viz. 1. Mezereon, Chamjelea, Germa-
?uca. Corner arij Lf Dodoncei ; Daphnoides Fuchflj ■
Daphnoides nofir um vulgare Gefneri ; Laureola
feemina Lugdunenfis ; Piper Montanum Anguil-
laree ; Lauras Pufilla , L? Mefereon Germantcum
Lobelij : Our Mezereon, Dwarf Bay, or Dwarf
Olive. 2. Mezereon verum Arabum , Cham delea-
ver a, Cham.de a tricoccos , Widdow Waile. 3.
ThymeUa , Mezereon alfo by the Arabians, for
they promifcuoufly call this Species by this Name,
w'fth the CbameUte of all Kinds, Spurge Olive or
Spurge Flax. The Berries of this, as alfo of the
firft kind, are called by the Greeks : mkw wifi®-,
and in Latine, Coe cum Cnidium , which tho’ they

are Berries of differing Species, yet are much of
j °ne and the fame nature, and have the fame Ca-
thartick qualities. 4. Chana/ta alpina inciana Lo-
be li] ; ChamaUa altera G i Itahca Chtfii , Mountain
Spurge Olive.

The Defcriptiofis.

III. The firlf, or Our Mezereon, Dwarf Bay,
or Dwarf Olive, called alfo Flowering Spurge
Olive. Its Root fpreads out into many ramifica-
tions and long tough branches , which are covered
with a yellow Bark. It rifes up with a thick woody
Stem two or three Feet high, and fometimes higher ,
according to the goodnefs of the Ground : of the
thicknefs ( ij they be old) of a Childs or Louth s
JVrifl , at the Ground , which rifing up, fpreads
it felfi out into many tough flexible or Limber
Branches , covered with a tough gray if!) Bark or
Rinde , befet with fmall long Leaves , fome thing like

Sparge Olive or Mezereon.

unto Privet Leaves , but f mailer , paler, thicker
and fatter , and rounder pointed. The- flowers
appear before the Leaves, oftentimes in January
and February, clufiering together about the Stalks
at certain difiances, which are fmall, conflfimg of
jour Leaves, very many growing together, and
breaking out of the Branches ( as it were ) by them-
felves, of a whitifh color tending to Purple, and
of a fragrant pleafant fweet fmell. After the
flowers are pafi come the Berries, which are at
firft green, but being ripe , of a fhining red color,
which if they ft and too long upon the Branches be-
come of a blackifh red, of a very hot and burning
tade, inflaming the Mouth and Throat with danger
of Choaking.

IV. The fecond, or Widdow Wail. Its Root
6 Y 2 fpreads

jjtf wjt

' ii J

1084 Salmon'.

ff reads its felf in the Earth, but not very jar ,
being of a hard and Woody ftbjiance. , which eafily
penjhes, if it be not carefully defended jrom the
' Extremity of Jharp Winters. It has no great
Stem , but a J. mall Jhrub of about three Feet high.
The whole Plant fpreads it fe If from the Ground ,
into many flexible tough green Branches , with
many fnall twigs , on which ftand ftvcral fmall ,
narrow, long, dark, green Leaves, like Privet,
but f mailer and blacker, which abide green all the
Winter. The flowers grow at the ends of the
Branches and are very fmall. Scarcely to be feen ,
of a pale yellow color, and come forth between the
Leaves and the Stalk , made of three Leaves a-
piece. Which being pafi there comes a fnall ,
blackijh triangular berry, very like to the Titby-
ntales, three ufually ft together, for which rea-
fon the Plant is called Tricoccos. Tbefe Berries
are green at fir ft, afterwards red-, and brown ,
when they be withered : which contain in them an
Oily fatnefs , like that of the Olive , and are of a
hot biting tafte, burning the Mouth and Tongue,
as do alfo both the Rinde and Leaves.

V. The third, or Spurge Olive, properly fo
called, or Spurge Flax. Us Root is j oft and tender
lohilji it is young, very like unto a Radifh Root at
Giulia t joys but woody when it is groan cider,
covered with a tough thick bark. It rtjes up with
divers tough Stalks, a Cubit or two Feet high, jome-
times in very good ground a yard high, of about
the thicknefs of ones thumb, covered with an AJh
colored bark, and fpread out into many Branches ,
covered round in a manner with Leaves, which are
many, fmall , narrow and long like Myrtle
Leaves or rather like unto the narrow Leaves oj the
Olive tree, narrower and Icffer than the Leaves of
Widiow Wail-, Something like to tbefe of Flax, to
which many compare them, but that 'they are larger
and broader, being alfo clammy , flat, and pointed,
continually abiding on the branches, without jailing
off as thoje of the Chamilea do. At the Tops of
the branches grow many Jmall Star like flowers,
conftjling of four white Leaves apiece, after which
come fnall round berries, which at firjl are green,
and when ripe of a red Coral-like color, but are
a little more long than round, of the bignefs of a
Myrtle berry, with a pulp or fubflance tike unto a
Hawthorn or Cherry, in which is p white Kernel
covered with a black and fojt , yet brittle Jbeil or
skin. T efe are very hot and burning in the Mouth,
like Mezereon.

VI. The fourth, or Mountain Spurge Olive.
Its Root is long , and fpreads about, under the up-
per part of the Earth. It rifes up with a fmall
Woody Stem, a, or a, or more feet high, branching
out towards the Top, into many fmall J lender and
tough branches, covered with a rough, hoary and
green bark , befet at the ends thereof with flatter,
fuller, and f mailer round pointed Leaves than the
firft or Our Mezereon, of a grayijh green color on
the upperfide, and hoary underneath, which fall
away before Winter, as Our Mezereon does. The
flowers are many, fet together at the ends of the
branches, greaser than the former, conftfting like-
wife of four Leaves apiece, of a light blufh color ,
fending in fmall grayijh husks, of very little fmell.
The berries are fmall long grains, of an excellent
red color, which afterwards turn black.

VII. The Places. The firft grows very plenti-
fully in many places of Germany, and naturally
in moift and fhady Woods in Poland and thole
Ealtern Countries ; and in great abundance in molt
of our Engltjh Gardens. The fecond grows in
Spain, and in Provence in France , as alfo in Lan-

HerbaL Lib. 1.

gucdock , in rough and defart places, but with us
only in Gardens. The third grows in Spain, and
in Tufcany in Italy, and about Trent , in rough
Mountains, and untilPd places, and in England
in Gardens. The fourth grows on the Alps, in
the Mountains of Savoy , from whence it has
been brought to us, and Nurft up in manured
Grounds.

VIII. The Times. The firft flowers in Decem-
ber, January and February , and their beiries are
ripe in Auguft. The fecond flowers Early in the
Spring, as in April and May, and the fruit is ripe
in Autumn, as July, Auguft, and September.
The third flowers not in Spain till July and Auguft,
and its fruit is ripe in September. The fourth
flowers in April, if the weather be temperate, and
the fruit is ripe in Autumn.

IX. The Qualities. They are all of them in
their Roots, Barks, Leaves and Berries, hot and
dry in the fourth degree * Aperitive, Inflaming,
Attra&ive, and violently Emetick and Cathar-
tick.

X. The Specification. They are efpecially good
againft inveterate, ftubborn and rebellious bcor-
bures, Dropfies, Jaundice, Scrophula’s, Gours,
Sciatica, Rheumatifms, as alfo the obftru&ions of
the Terms in Women, and Madnefs.

XI. The Preparations. You may have there-
from. 1 . A Decoflion of the Roots or Leaves in
Fat Broth. 2. A Pouder of the Leaves. 3. Pills
of Mezereon. 4. A Juice of the Berries. $. The
Grains or Seeds. 6. The Ointment .

T he Virtues.

XII. The Decoflion of the Roots or Leaves in
Fat Broth. It purges Pituitous and watery hu-
mors from the molt remote parts of the Body,
and that ltrongly, and therefore is good againft the
Gout, Sciatica, Rheumatifm, Dropfy, Scurvy, Le-
profy, Evil ,&c.

XIII. The Pouder of the Leaves. When the
Leaves are grofly beaten, the Strings are to be ta-
ken away out of it, and then it is to be reduced to a
fubtil pouder. Dole half a Dram in any conveni-
ent Vehicle : if given to a Dram, ir works as ltrong-
ly as Colocynthis , but it does wonders in invete-
rate and rebellious Difeafes, being dfe&ual for all
the purpofes for which the foimer Deco&ion may
be given. The fine Pouder may be kept all the
year, if it be made up into Troches , or Balls, with
a little Spanifh Juice of Liquorice, and then care-
fully dryed.

XIV. Pills of Mezereon'. Take of the Pouder
one Ounce : Wormwood in Pouder 2 Ounces : with
Honied Water make a Mafs of Pills, which dry
carefully . They dilfolve not in the Stomach or
Belly, but are for the moft part voided whole.
Mefues makes them thus. Take Pouder of Me-
zereon Leaves -, Pulp of yellow and Chcbula Myro-
balans, of each an Ounce : with Manna and Pulp
of Tamarinds dijjolved in Endive water make a
mafs of Pills. Thefe Pills are commended againft
the Droply, and Gout: they expel watery and
Tartarous humors, but work violently.

XV. The Juice or Pulp of the Berries. Given
to half a Dram in Wine, or Broth which is better,
it purges abundantly all watery humors, and has
all the Virtues of the Decoff ion and Poud«r afore-
named. If taken alone it burns the Jaws and
Throat, and therefore it ought to be fwallowed in
Honey or in a Raifon Stoned.

XVI. The

XVI. The Grams or Seeds. Taken to 20 grains
as Dw/corides fays, they purge by Stool, Choler,
Flegm and Water : but unlefs taken in a Raifon
they burn the Mouth and Throat : for fome per-
fons half this Dofe may be fufficient, and to feme
others too much. It Cures Melancholy and Mad-
nefi. They ought to be ufed with Caution, other-
wife the Medicament may be dangerous, and there-
fore not to be taken without Correctives.

X VII. The Balfam. It is made of the Touler
of the Leaves mint with Honey. Or, It may be
beaten up with a little Nitre and Vinegar. It 0-
pens Crulty Sores, and deanfes and heals Old and
Filthy Ulcers.

CHAP. DCLVin.

Of S P U R G E Wotd,

OR,

T I T H Y M A L.

F 'T' H E Names. It called by the Arabians
X Xaufer, and Ethula, aifo Ethutia , and by
Mefucs, Scebranani Alfcebran : in Greek T/Sifc**®.

in Latine, Tithymalus , and Tithymalus
Characias (i. e. Vallaris , from its growing in Val-
leys and low and moift places of the Woods) alfo
Tithymalus nemorofus : in Englilh, Wood Spurge
or Tithymal.

*!;. Tgf Kinds. Authors make t4or 15 Species
of thisrlant, but we (hall only take notice of the
following five, as being moll familiar with us,
viz. 1. xt&KlcuJ'HjuoJ'Ht, Tithymalus Cha-

racias vel nemorofus vulgaris , Our Common Wood
Spurge. 2. Tithymalus Characias major , Tithy-
malus Characias legitimus Clufij , The Greater
Wood Spurge. 3. TifvW®- a Tithy-
malus dendroides, Tithymalus nemorofus minor
The Idler Wood Spurge. 4. TAW©- laifdn, J
IMim'ms, Tithymalus Myrfinites , Myrtle Spurge.
5. Tithymalus dendroides Cameranj , Gefneri
Mattbioli, aliorumque ; Tithymalus dendroides five
arboreus Myrtifonr.atus non infolijs fed in frutice
Lobelij-, Tithymalus Characias Tertius Dodontei
Shrub Spurge. ’

T he Defcriptions.

III. The firtl, or Our Common Wood Spurge-
It has for its Root a f mall bujh of Fibres or Threads ,
Jpread every way under the Earth , from whence
rifes up larger Stalks , with fever al other lejfer a
foot and half two feet or more high , befet with
fmall, long , narrow Leaves , but Shorter and lejfer
than the next following , not much unlike to the
Leaves of the Almond-tree , for which reafon I
fuppofe , Lobel called it Tithymalus Characias
Amygdaloides t the flowers are yellow, Jiandtrtg in
fuch Cups of Leaves as other Spurges do after
which come Triangular heads\ or Seed , Vejfels in
which the Seed is contained.

Common Wood Spurge.

IV. The fecond, or Our Greater Wood Spurge.
Its Root is long and fomewhat woody, fpreading it
felf under ground but not creeping. It has divers

Spurge Wood Great.

tough.

q8 6

Salmon j- Herbal. Lib. 1.

iM.j, V C dy. brow/njh, ted branches ahut two Jcet
high or rmreflire or naked of Leaves for a /pace from
the Root, and afterwards Jet up tothe 'Lops with ma-
ny %arrow and long Leaves , yet broader than thofe
of the Sea Sparge, and nothing fo large as the
Garden Spurge , almofl like to the Leaves oj the
Almond Tree ; fomcthing fmooth in handling, and
without any dents about the Edges, turning reddtjh
in the Spring , and more in the Summer time.
At the Tops of feme of the Stalks ( for all of them
do feldont flower at once, being veiy much branch-
ed) ft and many yellow flowers, wbofe under Cups
(viz' the two almoft round Leaves encompafftng the
Stalk) arc yellow alfo. After which come J mail
roundifh Triangular heads, flanding up a little
higher in thofe Cups , than the flowers did upon
the Stalks, each head by it felf, in which is con-
tained / mall browmfh round Seed.

V. The third, or Our Leller Wood Spurge. It
has a long Root defeending deep into the Ground,
with Several fibres or Strings Springing from it.
It is but a fmall Plant, and has fever al flender
Branches or Stems pretty thick fet with Leaves,
which are whitijh, long, and narrow, much like to

S purge Wood fmall.

the Hr ft Wood Spurge , but nothing fo large , nar-
rower alfo, and nothing at all hoary. The Umbels
or Tufts of flowers are of a greenijh yellow , which
before they be open'd do reprefent the long Jhape
or form of a very fmall Damfon, but in its color
it is like to the reft of the Leaves •, which opening
it yields its flowers and Seed , which in color , form ,
or Jhape , are like to the former but fomething
lejfer.

VI. The fourth, or Myrtle Spurge. Its Root is
fmall and long and accompanied with many f ibres ,
Strings , or Threds. It has many upright reddifh
Stalks riflng from the Root , about a Loot high or
more , fat and flender , on which grow without any
order many hoary and whitijh green Leaves , like

Spurge Myrtle.

in form , but not in hardnefs to thofe of Knee-holm ,
or of the Myrtle JjuJI) ( whence came the Name)
which Leaves are fmall at bottom , larger in the
middle , and ending in a fomewhat fmall and Jharp
point. The flowers are fmall and yellow , but not
fo many , flanding at the Tops of the Stalks , like
the other Spurges , of which follow like heads and
Seed. Diofcorides deferibes it after this man-
ner. Ramulos (Dixit iile) ab Radice mittit do-
drantales. Folijs crefcit Myrti proximis, fed ma-
joribus, firmis, in Cacumine acutis, & pungenti-
bus. Fru&um fert alternis Annis, Nhci fimilem,
mordaci guftu. The Figure We have given you
from Matthiolus, which is before it comes to its
f lowering and Seeding.

VII. The fifth or lhrub Spurge. Its Roots are
not fo great and long as fome of the former , yet
fufficiently fpread in the Ground to fuflain the
whole Riant , which Lobel compares to a Myrtle
Shrub , for its magnitude , and form of growing ,
but not as to the form of its Leaves. The Stem
of this Jhrub grows upright to the thickncfs of
a Mans Thumb, almoft like to that of the Fine
Spurge, from the bottom , being there bare without
Leaves for 6 or % inches, and then fpreads it felf
forth into divers branches of a fingers thicknejs,
fomewhat hairy, and not red as the others, but
white on which grow narrow long Leaves of a
whitijh color, fomcthing like to the Sea Spurge, or
rather the Marfh, or Great Efula ^ having larger
yellow Flowers and Seed, but in other points like
to the reft of this kind.

VIII. The P laces. The firft, which is Our
Common, kind grows in molt Woods in England,
which are dry and warm ^ I have gathered it in
Uornfey Wood near London. The fccond and
third grovy in Woods in many parts of Our Land,
as alfo in France and Spain, and in feveral of Our

Gardens.

Chap. 659. Englijh Herbs.

Gardens, The fourth and fifth, grow with us on-
ly in Gardens.

IX. The Times. They all flower in the Sum-
mer Months, in June and July ^ and their Seed
is ripe in the Months following.

X. The Qualities. They are all hot and dry
in the fourth degree j Vehemently Attra&ive, heat-
ing and burning, and ftrong Emeticks and Cathar-
ticks, like the others.

XI. The Specification. They are good for the
Cure ofDropfies, Gouts, Sciatica, Rheumatifms,
Kings-Evil, Leprofie, Leuce, Jaundice, and other
like inveterate and defperate Difeafes.

XII. The Trepanations. The Milky Juice is
the ftrongeft worker the Seeds and Leaves are
next to them* and the Roots of molt of them
have the fame Operation, but not fo violent. The
Myrtle Spurge has the fame efletbs but is weaker,
and Vomits not fo much. Now from all thefe
you may have, viz. 1 . The Milk or Liquid Juice.
2. A Decoction. 3. The Grains or Seed. 4. A
Touder of the outward Bark of the Root. $. An
Oil by Infolation or Deco A ion. 6. The Corretfion.
7. A D filled Water.

'The Virtues.

XIII. The Milk or Liquid Juice. It purges
with great violence both by Vomit and Srool,
Pituitous and Watery Humors, as alfo Choler and
Melancholy from the Stomach , Bowels , and
Joints*, Evacuates the Humidities in Dropfies, and
takes away the Tartarous matter which breeds
the Stone in Reins or Bladder, Gout, Rheuma-
tifms, Sciatica, or Kings-Evil * but it Emaciates
and Waftes the Body, and if often ufed, is apt to
induce a Confumption. Three or four Drops of
the Milk taken frefh, is often put into a Fig, and
mixt with its Pulp, and fo ufed by ftrong Coun-
try People to purge them. The Milk put into
Hollow-teeth with a bit of Lint, (fo as it touch
none of the others) eafes the Tooth-ach both
effe&ually and fpeedily. The Milk laid upon a-
ny hairy place, takes away the hairs*, but it
ought not to lye long at a time, and the places
afterwards ought to be prefently anointed with
Oil of Rofes or Nightfhade. It alfo takes
away Callous or hard Skin, Knots, Warts, Corns
and the like, being cautioufly apply ed, they be-
ing firft pared near to the quick.

XIV. The De coll ion in Fat Broth. It has all the
Virtues of the Juice, but a£ls with much more
gentlenefs, and ought to be given in Email Dofe ^
firft, as in one or two Ounces, and fo gradual-
ly encreafed, as you find the Body is able to
bear it.

XV. The Grains or Seeds. You may give them
from a to 20, according to Age and Strength,
they work roughly and with a great force, and
are good againlt all the Difeafes the Milk or Juice
is good againtt-

XVI. The Touder of the Outward Bark of the
Root: (or of the Leaves.) They ought to be
Jirli Jieeped a day and night in White Wine Vine-
gar to abate their Acrimony , then dryed , and after-
wards reduced to Touder. Half a Dram of it taken
in Wine or Honied Water, purges all watery hu-
mors downwards, as alfo Choler and Melancholy,
and is very profitable to be given to fuch as have
the Dropfy, Gout, Rheumatifm, Sciatica, Kings-
Evil, Leprofy, Jaundice, Stone, Gravel, &c. And

applyed in Green Wounds and Recent Ulcers it
cleanfes and heals them.

X\ 11. The Oil by Infolation or Dccottion. Ic is
made of the Milk, or of the Herb, Roots, or
Seed beaten in a Mortar and boiled in Oil of Bit-
ter Almonds to Crifpnefs, &c. repeating the lame
l or 5 times. It cleanfes the Skin of all its de-
formities, as Freckles, Lentils, Tanning, Sun-burn-
ing, Dilcolortng, iellownefs, Scurff, Morphew
and other like defeedations, being anointed there-
with.

XVIII. T he CorreSion. All thefe Spurges are
heating and Exulcerate the Skin, if but oiuward
Iy applyed : and taken inwardly. Operate Vehe-
mently and fometimes excoriate the parts without
great care and caution he taken. Mefues fays
they are offenfive to the Heart, Stomach and
Ltver, that they break the Veins, and ftrip the
Guts of their Mucus, and heat the whole Body
” m,“,h many times they caufe Fevers.
The nrlt ill qualities are taken away (fays he)
by adding fuch things as ftrengthen the Stomach
Heart and Liver. Their fecond and third ill
qualities are taken away by adding tilings which
have a glutinous quality, as Gum Tragacamh,
Mucilage of Heawort Seeds and Purllane The
fourth ill quality is taken away , by adding cold
and moift things, as juices of Endive, Nightlhade
Purflane, Sowrhiftles, or Mucilage of Quince’
Seeds made with Vinegar, Bfc.

XIX. T he Diftllei Water. It cleanfes the face
and Skin from alt manner of deformities
being daily applyed, more efpeciaiy if ‘an
Eighth part of the Liquid Juice be added to it
as the inveteracy of the affeft may require. ’

CHAP. DCLIX.

Of S P U R G E Marfh.

I. ’~T'HE Karnes. It is called by the Arabians
X Scebran , and Pthias: in Greek luVm.
mbs: in Latine : T itbymalus paluflris , Pityufa pa-
luflris: and in Englilh, Marfh Spurge , or Marfh
Efula.

II. The Kinds. There are I. Efula major , E-
fula major Germanica , Pityufa paluflris major
Great Marfh Spurge, or Greater Efula, which
fome will have to be Rulandus his Efula of
which he made his Extra3\ whether the Greater
Efula , or the Leffer Efula , be the Efula of Ru-
landus is very doubtful ; nor can I find any Au-
thor which can truly or certainly determine it
they are both of them very ftrong and potent
Medicaments, and therefore in my opinion may
indifferently be made ufe of : however that which
any one by Experience has found to be beft he
may ftick to. 2. uim; rj mm v, Pep/is ■ Pityufa
purpurea paluflris ; Pephon Dalechampij ; Peplis
maritime folio obtufo Bauhmi , Peplium Crfalpmi •
Small Marlh Spurge, or fmall Purple Marih
Spurge.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firft, or Great Marfh Spurge, or Greater
Efula. Its Root is of a blackifh color on the 01a-

fide

io88 Salmon j- Herbal . Lib. I.

fidt and white within , /we/!', 0/7J fpr ced-

ing divers ways • ffo bark whereof is thicker ,
and more flejhy , than in any of the ref , en-
dures the extremities of Winter , tho ’ //;<? branches
thereof perifh for the mofl part every Autumn ,
and rife anew every fpr'tng. It rifes up with

Spurge Marjh.

many great round reddifh Stalks , 0/7 which are
fometimes thick fet , wa/ry /flag, fomewhat
broad green heaves , ^07 770/ y*0 broad , nor
J'o long as thofe of Wood Spurge , other wife not
much unlike. The Tops of the Stalks are fur -
nifhed with fewer and. f mailer yellow flowers ,
than fuch a great "Plant might be expelled to have.
Some flowers break forth alfo below the Tops ,
the under joints , flandtng upon their Stalks , three
or four together at mof - after which come fmall
round Seed like unto the others. This great Marjh
Spurge , 7i alfo called Efula major, /0 diflinguifh
it front the Efula minor, dW //;0 o/for Spurges.

IV. Gerard deferibes it thus. It has very many
and great Roots , covered over with a thick Bark
or Rinde, plaited as it were with many Surculous
Sprigs •, from which rife up fever a l frong and
large Stems of a fingers thicknefs , three

feet high , befet with many pretty large and long
Leaves like Lathyris, 0;* Garden Spurge , but that
they are not fo thick : and the Seed and flowers
are not unlike the other Tithymals or Spurges.
This Plant fays Gerard called Efula major, is that
which Martinus Rulandus had in great Venera-
tion, out of which he made his Extract for the
cure of many inveterate difeajes , as may and
does appear at large in his Centuria curationum
F.rpericamum, dedicated to the Duke of Bavaria.
-'Tis true he in that Book often fpeaks , and makes

ufc 0/ Extra clum Efula:, with which he did wonder-
ful Cures ; but in none of all his works has he
hft ' behind him , or difeovered whether that his
Extra 8: was trade from the major or .minor Efula,
fo that the true Plant is left only to cotre-
tt ure.

V. The fecond, or fmall Marfli Spurge. Its
Root is Jingle , fmall, and f ender , and of no ufe.
If fpreads its fmall purplifh Branches upon the
Ground , more plentifully than the other , and much
lejjcr • for it brings forth a greater fore of
branches more clofely knit , and as it were wound
together with finning twifls an handful and half
long. The Branches arc fet with many fmall
Leaves , almofl like , but leffer than thofe of Peplus,
but not fo round at their ends , of a Purplifh color
underneath and oftentimes above , and not much
unlike to Wild Purflane , cfpccially in the begin-
ning and heat of the Tear. The flowers are fmall
and yellow : and the Seed is great like that of
Peplus, but bigger , and funding two together for the
mofl part , not only upon the Tops , but here and
there upon the Branches alfo. As in Name, fo
in Shape , this refcmbles Peplus, (faving that it
is fuller of Branches) and comes in mofl refpetts
nearer to the fignification of Peplum or Flammeo-
lum than Peplus doth.

VI. The Places. The firft grows in many
Places of Germany-, and as Lobcl fays in his
Obfervations, in a Wood formerly belonging to
one Mr. John Coltes , nigh to Bath, very 'plenti-
fully j but but for the molt part it grows with
us in England in Gardens. The fecond grows
near the Sea Side, in Narbone , and out Mar-
feilles in Prance, and near the Sea Coalis of other
x Nations.

VII. The Times. They both flower in June and
July , and their Seed is generally ripe in July and
Augu fl.

VIII. Tide Vitalities, Specification, Preparations ,
and Virtues of thefe Plants, more elpecially of
the firft, are the fame with thofe of fmall E-
fula in Chap. 6$ 5. aforegoing, to which we re-
fer you.

CHAP DCLX.

Of SPURGE Sea.

I. ’ | TIE Names. It is called in Greek, T/0iWa@-
X rnffhi©- : in Latine, Tithymalus par alius
Maritimus -, herba lattaria, and Lattaria maritime.
(from its Milky juice by fome, Lac Lupinum,
Wolfs Milk j by others Lattuca marina, and Ca-
prina , becaufe Goats delight to eat it : and in
English, Sea Spurge, and Sea Tithymal.

II. The Kinds. Thofe which are moft known
and of ufe to us, are, 1. Tithymalus Par alius,
five maritimus, Lattaria marina. Our Common
Sea Spurge. 1. Tithymalus maritimus Venetus ,
Tithymalus maritimus Americanus vel Ploridanus
(becaufe I have found it upon fome of the Plori-
dan fhoars) Alypum Diofcoridis Auguillara, Efula
rara Venetorum Pend CJ Lobe Ho, Sea Spurge of
Venice, or American. 3. Tithymalus Linifolius
Paralio congener > vel cognatus Camcrarij Tithy-
malus maritimo affinis LinaridifoUo Bauhini -, Tithy-
malus amygdaloides anguflijolius Taberndtmontam
Baftard Sea Spurge.

The

Chap. 660. ‘Englijb Herbs.

089

The Defcriptions.

III. The firft, or Our Common Sea Spurge.
Its Root is long and Woody , abiding long , and Jo
do the Loaves on the Branches , not jailing away
in Winter. It rifes up with J'everal reddifb woody
Stalks , a foot or foot and half high , thick fet with
Leaves from the Button/ to the Top , which are

Spurge Sea, or Sea Lithymal.

finally long , and narrow , yet broadeft in the mid-
dle, fomething like to the Leaves of Line or Flax ,
but thick and whit iff. ), /#// of a white Milk , ;/
part of it be cut or broken which is fo
hot , /btf/ being tidied, it burns the Mouth and
Throat intoller ably. At the Tops of the Stalks ,
JIand many pale ycllowifh flowers , wi/A /wo Leaves
tender them , encompajftng the Stalk , oj- ;j common
to all the other kinds of Spurges , after which
come fmall Triangular heads , in which is contain-
ed round difcolored Seed.

IV. The fecond,’ or Sea Spurge of Venice, or

American. J/x JR00/ ;x £/ro/, woody,

per annual and fending forth branches every year. I
1/ has longer or taller and thicker Stalks than I
the former , fomewhat hollow and reddifb , branch-
ing forth into divers parts, befet with fmall long
Leaves, two always flanding together, all along the
branched Stalks, not much unlike the growing of Li-
quorice. The flowers are fmall, pendulous and of
a fad Turplifh color , confining of five fmall Leaves
apiece , like a fmall Star, without any round Leaves
under them, as is itfual to other Spurges • yet
the heads of Seed are Triangular like the others,
and contain like Seed.

V. The third, or Baftard Sea Spurge. Its Root

is long, woody and Fibrous. And it rifes up with
or own if}/ Stalks, having many narrow Leaves grow-
ing thereon , much like to the fir ft, or Our Com-
mon Sea Spurge, but that they are fomething larger
or longer, and a little broader. The flowers 'and
Seed are like that alfo.

r,VI- rbe T laces . The fir ft grows by the Sea
hde both in Foreign Countries and on divers places
ot the Englijb fhoar. The fecond grows on the
in oars ot the Adrni tick Sea, and in the Ifiand Lie
belonging to the Venetians, as alfo in many places
of the American Sea Coafts, where I have found
it in perfection The third in Franconia , and orher
parrs adjacent to it, anti near to the Banks of
the River Moyne ; but with us it grows only in
Gardens. 1

Vll The Times. They flower about the, latter
end of June, and through the Month of July and
the Seed is ripe in Auguft.

VIU. The ® -salines , Specification , Preparations
and Virtues of thefe are the fame wiih rhofe of
the Garden Spurge, and fmall Spurge called F.fula
being all hoc and dry in the fourth degree Burn-
ing and. Exulcerating. The firft of thefe Sea
Sparges is not mentioned by any Author, Ancient
or Modern, to be ufed in Phyfick, becaufe of its
vehement, and (harp Exulcerating Quality, and
tor that it is fo violent a purger both upwards
and downwards, that it is fcarcely fife to ufe it
inwardly, it Burning and Exulcerating the Skin be-
ing outwardly applyed, but fo ufed it is profitable
to take away Scabs, Scurf Morphew, Leprofv
bears, Warts, and other defeedations and deformi-
ties of the Skin, being prudently applyed. Yet I
know by Experience, that if it be correaed and
prepared by a wife and skilful hand, the prepare
nons thereof may be given inwardly, as the pre-
parations of the other Spurges may, and nearly
ln , •<Q . e ^ofe 5 But 1 own> il: is not for an
unskilful perfon to meddle with it, becaufe of its
violence. Galen fays, that the Milk or Juice
thereof mixed with Meal of Wheat or Barly and
made into a Pafte, and then cafl into the Water
for the Pijh to eat it, that it will fo much over-
come them, as to make them lye for dead and
to rile and Swim on the Top of the Water fo
that they may be taken with ones hand ’

IX. The Venetian Sea Spurge. The Roots are
ufed at Ventce by the Phyhcians and Apothecaries
there inftead of hfu/a, where they put them into
the Bencdtlfa Taxattva, Purging Tills, and other
Cathartick Medicaments, becaufe, as Pena fays it
purges forcibly, and with great violence. Of the
lalt. Authors have faid nothing ; tho’ it may be
judged to have the fame qualities with other
Spurges.

CHAP DCLXI.

Of SPURGE Laurel.

I' T 'HE Names. It is called in Greek,

, -I- O’ XamiJkfrmgii in Latine, Dapbnoiies
(d Taurijoliorum fimilit uiine :) alfo Taureola ’
(quaft pufila Taurus vel Taurus minor:) in Eng-
lilh Spurge Taurel -, and this Plant is that
which Dodomus thinks to be the Cneorum ni-
grum Theophrafii.

II. The Kinds. The chief Species Authors have

6 Z taken

1090 Salmons ‘Herbal. Lib. I.

taken notice of are, 1. A.wv.ctJis, Daphncules,
Laurcola , Quorum Nigrum Theophrflli Dodonto, |
Out Common Spurge Laurel, a. XsfWefWH Jit, |
ChanuedaphnoiJes , Laurcola Crtlica AJp'mi, Candy j
Spurge Laurel.

The Descriptions. I

III. The firft, or Our Common Spurge Laurel.
I/r Roar ^roror clean Jeep into the Ground, and
Spreads alfo abroad with tough, long, white firings,
fomething woody. It rijes up uj. unity with bat one
Stent, a joot and half, or two feet high, yet feme-
times with more , which are very tough and pliant,
covered whlh a whitijb, thick, lough bark, branch-
ing forth into jevcral Arm towards the Tops, on
which are Jet many long, fmooth, thick, fomemhat
broad and Shining dark green Leaves, fomething
like to very fmall Day Leaves, but longer, fmoolh-
er. Softer, and not with hard Veins therein as Bay

Spurge Laurel.

Leaves have. The flowers come forth towards the Tops
of the Stalks and Branches, and at the Joints with
the Leaves, many fet together, which are Some-
thing long and hollow, ending or Spreading into
fur fmall Leaves, of a whitijb, yellow green
color. After which come fmall , round and Some-
thing long black Berries when they are ripe, in
which lies a white Kernel. Both Leaf and blower,
alfo Bark and Root , are very hot and Jharp in
Tape, heating and burning the Mouth and Throat
of fitch as Tafle them. It keeps its green Leaves
alfo, without fledding, all the Winter.

IV. Gerard deferibes ir after this manner. Its
Root is woody, tough , long, and dtverfly parted.

growing Jeep into the Earth. It is a Shrub of a
Cubit height, and Sometimes two or three feet high
Spreading it felf out into many little boughs,
which are tough and pliant , and covered with a
thick R inde. The Leaves are long, broad, goofs
Smooth, and of a blackijh green, Jhimng like La trel
or Bay Leaves, but leper, thicker, and without
fmell, very many at the Top eluj-ering together.
The flowers are long, hollow , of a whitijb green
color, hanging beneath and among the Leaves.
The Berries when they are ripe , are black, with
a hard Kernel within , which is a little longer
than the Seed of Hemp, whofc pu/p or inner Jub-
ilance is White. The Leaves, fruit and Bark,
as well of the Root as of the Stalks and Branches,
do by their Jharpnefs and burning quality. Bite
and Inflame the Tongue and Throat.

V. The fecond, or Candy Spurge Laurel. Its
Root is white, fmall and crooked-, from whence
fpring up three or four Crooked and bending
blackijh Stalks, thick fet with I eaves without any
order, covering them almoft wholly, which are long
and j mall towards the bottoms, but broader to-
wards the ends, being thick and hard, green above,
and grayijh underneath, Tafling very hot , and
burning very vehemently both Mouth and Throat.
Ihe fruit is very hot alfo like the former, and the
whole ¥ lant of low growth.

VI. The Places. The firft grows Wild in many
foreign Countries, as well as in many parts of
England ; but being brought into Gardens, it will
abide and fiourifh very well there: but it is
faid to grow abundantly in the Woods in moil
parts of this Kjngdom. The fecond was brought
to us out of Caniia, and profpers well enough
with us.

VII. The Times. The firft flowers very early
in the Year, even upon the Winter Tropick thro’
all December, January and F ebruary, if the Winter
is mild : and the Fruit is ripe in May, and June ;
and the Plant is always green, enduring the cold-
eft Seafons in Winter. The other Flowers more
early in its Native Clime , but fomething later
with us.

VIII. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations ,
and Virtues of Spurge Laurel are the lame with
Spurge Olive , or Mezereon in Chap. 657. afore-
going, to which you are referred: but a few other
Obfervations Authors have made thereon: viz.

IX. The Green Leaves. Being chewed in the
Mouth, they attraH: or draw much fiegm and
humors from the Head, Brain, and Eyes, which
offend and hurt thofe parts.

X. The DecoHion of the Green Leaves. It
purges Pituitous and watery humors by Stool
cleanfes alfo the Stomach by Vomit, if Foul, and
provokes the Terms in Women when Stopt.

XI. The Ponder of the Leaves. It may be gi-
ven from a Scruple to a Dram in broth. Diofco-
rides fays, it evacuates watery humors from the
whole body, and has all the Virtues of the Deco-
£tion aforegoing ^ and as a Sternutatory purges
the Head by Sneezing.

XII. The Berries or Grains. They are given
to 15 Grains (more or lefs) as alfo the Pouder
of the Leaves by Empyrical Phyficians, to purge
with, and to evacuate watery humors in a Drop-
lie, and that with good fuccefs, as alfo to eafe
the Pains of the Colick.

XIII. The Decoded Oil. The Berries or Leaves
boiled in frelh Oil Olive, or Oil of Bitter Al-
monds, and the Belly being anointed therewith,
it gives eafe in the Colick. Anointed on the
Reins of the Back, and on the Hemorrhoids or

Piles,

Chap. 662. Unglijh Herbs*

[091

Piles, it eafes pains of thofe parts and provokes
Urine. It is alio good againlt Scurfy Morphew,
Scabs, Scald Heads, Freckles, Tannings, Sun-
burnings, Difcolorings, and other like defceda-
tions of the Skin.

XIV. Net a. The Leaves and Berries of this
Plant are violent purgers, and do heat and in-
flame the Stomach, by whomfoever taken, and
excite as many dangerous Symptoms as any of
the other Spurges -, and therefore are to be
given only by a prudent hand, and with much
Caution, with proper and good Correctives.

CHAP. DCLXII.

Of S P U R R Y,

0 R,

SPURRWORT.

I. ' I 'HE Names. It has no Greek Name that I
A know of, but a Modern Author Tba/ius ,
calls it Anthoyloides : in Latine, it is

called hy ahnofl: all Authors Spergula : and in
Englifh, Sparry , or Spurrwort.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral forts hereof,
viz. 1 . Spergula major , Spergula Sagina major , and
by Rabins Columna,A l fine tenuifolia altera, \el Alfine
Sylveftrls altera , (yet it is no Species of the
Chickweeds) Tricophyl/os ; Spergula Sagina Lo-
be lij (a Saginandis pecoribus, from its good feed-
ing or fattening of Cattel :) The Greater Sparry ,
or Spurrwort ; Frank-Spurry, or Fattening Spur-
ry , becaufe in Brabant and other parts of
the Low Countries , Husbandmen Sow their
Grounds therewith for the fame purpofe, as alfo
to caufe their Cows, and Ewes to give the greater
Ilore of Milk. 2. Spergula minor, Spergula Sagina
minor , Spergula marina Dalecbampij, The Idler
Spurry , or Sea Spurry. j. Spergula minima ,
Spcrgula Sagina minima , Alfine Spergillt facie
Bauhini , as ir is called in his Prodromus, The
fmalleft Spurry, Red Spurry, or Chickweed
Spurry. 4. Spergula StellarU, Afieriat, Stella-
na, Spergula monfpelienfis , Star like Spurry
Trench Spurry. ’

T/ae Defcriptiotis.

III. Tile firft, or Greater Spurry or Spurwort.
Its Root is [mall and Fibrous , perijhing every
year after Seed time. It fends forth feveral
J 'mall , round and upright Stalks, not above half
afoot high, on which at feveral diftances or joints
grow many [mail and narrow Leaves , Jet together
in form of a Star, or of the Rowel of a Spur,
from whence came the Name. The flowers are
many, {mall, and white , ft ending at the Tops of
the Stalks, which turn into fmall round heads,
containing therein fmall black Seed.

IV. Gerard defcribes it after this manner. Its
Root is fmall and Threidy ; from whence rifes up
a mean and low herb, very tender, having many
jointed Stalks, on which grow Leaves in round
Circles, like thofe of Woodroof but leffer and
Smoother, in form like the Rowel of a Spur. At

Spurry Greater.

the Tops of the Stalks , grow fmall white Flowers ■
after which come round heads, with fmall roar )
Seed like that of Turnips. This herbTfowni
Brabant Flanders and Holland for thatpecuZ

tJmikmng 1 ,0 caufe thcm,°

V. The fecond or lefTer Spurry, or Sea Spurry.

1 1 R°°r n IT ' Ti hard and rough

with fmall Fibres adjoining to it. This j„

jorrn of growing does not much differ from the
former, but that it has not fo many long and nar-
row Leaves Jet together at the joints of the Stalks
Thefe Stalks are many. Springing from the Root
which rife not to above a Span high, but do Some-
what more lean downwards to the Ground which
together- with the Leaves are more white, and of a
falnjh or brackijh tafte, if it grows near the Sea
flie s otherwife nothing fo hoary, white or brae kith
atfl Jhe ^zoet-s are fewer, of a white color,
ana the heed black like the other .

ru\ Thn chird> orrSmalleft Spurry, or Red
Chickweed Spurry. Its Root is fmall and lone
which „ yet large co, filer, ng the fmalhefs of
the Riant, with feme Fibres or Threds adjoining to
it. From which rife up feveral weak fender
stalks 3, 4, . or 5 inches long, bowing down or
commonly lying flat upon the Ground full of
joints, and at every one of them two fmall fhon
white Scaly Leaves , encompaffmg the Stalk at bot-
tomf out of whofe bofoms , between the Stalks
and the faid Leaves, come forth other fmall
green Jharp pointed Leaves without number. To-
wards the Tops of the Branches come forth at the
joints the flowers, each upon a fmall Footftalk
which are fmall and red, and fo me times tend-
ing to a blewifh purple , which being pafl away,
6^2 fmall

1092

Salmon s ‘Herbal. Lib. I.

fmall round heads (f mailer than the farmer) fuc-
deed, which contain fuch like round black Seed alfo
in them.

VII. The fourth, or Star like Spurry. This

Me,
We ,

, , _va not much from the' lafl fort, fiving that
.he fmall. Short and narrow Leaves, which fund
at the joints of the low Stalks , are all of an
equal length, and are jhffcr and harder, funding
flraight out, in an ci/ttal dijhince, one from ano •
'ther like a Star. The flowers hereof are fmall, ha-
ving jive narrow pointed Leaves, laid open abroad
like a Star alfo, but of a reidijh color : fo that
whether you have refpdl to the Leaves or the
flowers, they are both in the form of a Star, and
from thence the Haul took its Name : but there
are many other Herbs fo called, which very much
differ one from another.

VIII. The Places. They all grow in dry Sandy
Grounds in divers Countries, as well among Corn,
as in unrilled and fhady places, efpecially the firft
and fecond of them ; altho’ the fecond is alfo
found growing near the Sea Shoar, in the like
places: it has been found growing in the Salt
Marjhes about Hartford in Kent, and fuch other
like places. The third has been found growing
in Sandy Grounds, as in Tutbil-Sields near IVeJl-
minfler, and that, as alfo the fourth, have been
found growing in many other the like places of
this Kingdom.

IX. The Times. They all generally flower in June
and July, and their Seed is ufually ripe in Augufl
or before Harveft time:

X. The Vitalities. They are hot and moift in
the firft degree: Glutinative, a little Emetick,
Laftogenedc, and Spermatogenetick,

XI. The Specification. The Seed evacuates Pi-
tuitous, vicid, llimy and putrid humors out of
the Stomach by Vomic : the Herb encreafes Milk
in Nurfes ; rellores in Confumpdons, and makes
the Body fat.

XII. The Preparations You may have there-
from. 1. A Ponder of the Seed. 1. A Liquid
Juice of the Herb. 3. A DecoClion of the Green
Herb, in flrong Chicken Broth, Cock Broth, Pork
or Veal Brot h, See. 4. A Cataplafm of the Green
Herb.

Ibe Virtues.

XIII. The Ponder of the Seed. It may be gi-
ven from half a Dram to 2 Drams in the morn-
ing falling in Mutton Broth. It evacuates fleg-
matick and llimy humors out of the Stomach
by Vomit ; lliengthens the Stomach, and rectifies
the Difcrafy of the Juices, which in their depra-
ved State hinder digeltion , corrupt the Blood,
and overturn the healthful State of the Body.

XIV. The Liquid Juice of the Herb. Given to
Nurfes in White Wine, or Wine mixtwith pure
clear Ale, or with clear Ale alone, it admirably
increafes Milk in Nurfes Breafts : and being taken
for feme time in that manner, very much in-
cteafes Seed in both Male and Female, and re-
ltores in Confumpdons. And this is in fome mea-
fute manifelf for the effect it has upon Cattel in
Brabant, plunders and Holland, and other parts
thereabouts, where they Sowe it on purpofe for
their Cattel to feed on, for that it caufes their
Cows to give a greater ltore of Milk than other-
wife without it, makes their Oxen and Sheep fat,
and caufes their Poultry to lay a greater ltore of
Eggs, which fays Parkinfon is no idle conceit,

for that thefe people have found it fufficiemly
true by their daily ufe thereof.

XV. The De colt ion of the Green Herb in
Broth, 8tc. It has all the Virtues of the Liquid
Juice, but not altogether fo powerful; but if the
Broth be ltrong, it makes good Milk in Nurfes
Breafts, and reltores wonderfully in Conlump-
dons.

XVI. The Cataplafm of the Green Herb. Be-
ing made of the Green Herb bruited, and then
applyed to Cut fingers, or other places which are
Cut or Wounded, if the Wound is Ample and not
complicate with Accidents, it quickly heals it.

CHAP DCLXIII.

Of STARFLOWER

O R ,

STAR of BETHLEHEM.

I- t~T'HE Karnes. It is called in Greek, 'Of«BS-
-L jaaov : in Latine, Ornithogalum-. and in
Englilh, Star-flower, or Star of Bethlehem.

II. The Kinds. They ate manifold, as, 1. Or-
nithogalum Vulgare, Out Common Star-flower
or Star of Bethlehem. 2. Ornithogalum Lutcum
Bulbus Efculentus, Bulbus Sylvefiris. Cepe agrf-
ria. The Yellow Star-flower. 3. Ornithogalum
Arabicum , The Turks calls it Zumbul Arabt, The
great Arabian Star-flower. 4. Ornithogalum JEthi-
opicum. The ./Ethiopian Star-flower. 5. Ornitho-
galum Keopolitanum , The Star-flower of Naples.
6. Ornithogalum album uni folium, Bulbus Umfo-
iius. The One Leav’d Star-flower. 7. Ornitboga.
lum Hfpanicum minus , The fmall Spanilh Star-
flower. 8. Ornithogalum maximum album-, (this
Parkinfon fays, might mote fitrly be called Af-
phode/us bulbofus a/bus, if fays he, there be any
AJphodelus bulbofus at all, becaufe this does fo
neatly refemble an Afphodel, both in the early
fptinging and decay of the green Leaves when the
Stalk of Flowers rife up:) Ornithogalum Pannoni-
cum maximum Album ; The greateft white Star-
flower. 9. Ornithogalum Pannonicum (fo called
from its Original or Native place of growth) The
Hungarian Star-flower. 10. Ornithogalum, majus
Spicatum album, Ornithogalum Magnum Alyconi
Da/echampio, The great white Spiked Star-flower
it. Ornithogalum majus flare fubnigrefeente Af-
phode/us bulbofus Galeni, The great green Star-
flower. Several Authors refer this to the Afpho-
dils , becaufe its flowers are lfraked on the back
and its Leaves long and narrow like to the ' Af-
phodils ; but it is certainly of the kinds of the
Ornithogala, becaufe of its Bulbous Root, and for
that the Star-flowers have alfo lfrakes on the backs
of the flowers, and the like long narrow Leaves. 12.
Ornithogalum luteum parvum. The Dwarf yellow
Starflower.

the Defcriptions.

III. The firft, or out Common Star-flower. Its
Root is bulbous, white both within and without
and encreafes abundantly. It has many narrow

leaver.

Chap . 66 3 . TLngliJh Herbs.

j

leaves , thick, fat, full of juice, and of a very green
color , with a White (freak down the middle of each
J.eaf-, from among which rife up [mall naked
Stalks, at the Tops of which grow flowers confin-
ing of fix little Leaves, griped on the backfide with
Lines of Green, the infides being Milk, white.
Thefe flowers open tbemf elves at the rifling of the
Sun, and fhut again at Sun fetting ■, for which
this Plant has been called by fome Bulbus Solfe-
quius. The dowers being pafr, the Seed follows,
enclofcd in Triangular husks. This Plant is fo
common and fo well known in all Countries and
Places, that it was almoji necdlefs to have de-
fer i bed it, faving that the order and cottrfe of Our
Hiflory require it.

Star-flower Tells w.

IV. The fecc;.d, or Yellow Star-flower. It
has a Cloven Bulbous Roo/1 round, whitifh, and
fome what clear, and very apt to perifb, if it be
any little while kept dry out of the ground, as has
been found by Experience. It rifes up at flrfi
with one long round greenifh Leaf, which opens
it felf fomewhat above the Ground , and gives out
another fnall Leaf, leffer and fhorter than the
firjl : afterwards the Stalk rifes from thence al-
fo, being 4 or 5 inches high , bearing at the Top
three or four fmall green Leaves, from whence a-
mong them come forth 4 or 5 fmall yellow Starlike
flowers, with a greenifh Line or Streak down the
Back of every Leaf, and fome fmall reddifh yellow
Tbreds in the middle, which feldom yield any Seed.
Gerard fays, that the flowers of this are on the
back fide of a pale yellow, ftrlped with Green, and
on the inflde of a bright Jhining yellow color,
with Saffron colored Tbreds in their middles , and
that the Seed is contained in Triangular Veffels.

V. The third , or Great Arabian Star-flower.
Its Root is great and white with a flat bottom, af-
ter its fibres are gone, which it yearly loofes : it

OC)

IS very impatient of Prod, and will not abide zaw
us unlefs carefully preferved and defended again/}
the cold of Winter. And tho'fomc times it abides the
It inter, yet it oft c ns lyes without f fringing forth
into a Blade, or any thing elfe for a whole year,
and then perijhes -, or if it does jpring up, yet ma-
ny times it does not bear • but mofl after their
bjt bearing do decay and periflj. Let therefore
the Root be either Planted in a large Pet or Tub
of bLarth and Houfed all the Winter, that fo it
may be defended from the Frofls. Or elfe, (which
is the eafler way) let the Root be taken out of the
Ground every year, from September, after the
Leaves and Stalks are pafl, until February, and laid
in fome dry , but not hot or windy place, and then
planted in the Ground under a South Wall, or
fuch like defended places, which will then fpring
up and pre/per well , for that the greateft end hard-
efi Frofts are generally pafl after that tine , Sic.
It fprwgs up with many broad and tong green
Leaves , very Hie unto the Leaves of the Oriental
Jacinth , but lying for the mofl part upon the
ground from among which rifes up a round green
Stalk about two feet high , bearing at its Top divers
large flowers Handing upon long Footjta/is, and at
bottom of every one of them a fmall Jhort pointed
green Leaf Thefe flowers confifl of fix purely
White Leaves apiece , with fix white Tbreds with
yellow pendents , which are laid open as large as an
ordinary Daffodil , with fining blackith heads in
the middle , in form of a Starry Jacinth , or of the
Jirft common Star-flower , having a pretty fweet
fmell but weak , which open every day at Sun rife ,
and clofe themfelves again at Sun fet , efpecially 1}
they grow in the Sun.

VI. The fourth, or ^Ethiopian Star-flower. Its
Root, is thick round and white , fomewhat like the
Afphodelus Galeni, and impatient cf bearing cold,
as the great Arabian Star-flower. The Leaves of
this Plant are a Foot long, and about an Inch
broad, which being broken, are no lefs Woolly than
the Wooly Jacinth. The Stalk is about a foot and
half high, flrong, and green : from the middle
whereof unto the Top, ft and large Snow white Star-
like flowers, upon long, green, thick foot Stalks,
and yellowifh at bottom of the flower : in the middle
of which ftands a Triangular head , which is long
and containing the Seed, the which is furrouniei
with fix white Tbreds , Tipt with yellow pen-
dents.

VII. The fifth, or Star-flowers of Naples. The

Root is Bulbous, great and white, and fome, thing
flat at bottom, as divers of thefe kinds are, which
multiplies its felf as plentifully into fmall Bulbs ,
as the Jirft or Common Star-flower , or any other \
increafing indeed too much, and therefore requires
to be yearly taken up,and freed from its off/ets,with
which it is apt to be pefter’J. This beautiful Plant
rifes out of the Ground very early , with 4 or 5
long hollow pointed whitifh green Leaves, ft ending
round together, with a white Line down the mid-
dle of every Leaf on the inflde : thefe Leaves are
fomething narrow, but long ( three feet long in
Italy, as Columns fays, but not of fuch an extend-
ed length with us.) In the middle of thefe Leaves
rifes up the Stalk , about a foot and half or two
feet high, bearing many flowers at Top, each flower
ftanding in a little Cup or husk, which is divided
into 3 Of 4 parts, hanging down very long about
the heads for Seed : each flower is large , and con-
Jifts of fix long narrow Leaves, of a Jhining white
color on the in fide, and of a b/ewifli or whitifh green
on the outfide , the edges of each Leaf being white
on both fides, and turning backwards towards the

Stalk ,

1094

Salmon V Herbal. Lib. I„

Stalk with fix other /mail Leaves in the middle,
of a white color, funding round together like a
Cup ■ in the mdfl of which is a fmall white Pointel ,
about which funds fix white Threads, T, ft with
vc llcno pendents on their Tops h the whole flower
' being without any fmell. Aft" the flowers are
pal come forth great round, fh Triangular heads,
which are too heavy for the Stalk to bear, and there-
fore lye down upon the Leaves or Ground, having
certain Lines or Stripes on their outfide. , in which
is contained round , black, rough Seed.

Yin. The lixth, or the One Leav d Star-flower.
It has a fmall Bulbous or round white Root, which
fends forth one very long Rujh like or round green
Leaf but that for 2 or 3 inches above the Earth tt
is a little flat, and guttered-, which Jcnds forth a
fmall or little Stalk about 3 or 4 inches high, bear-
ing at its Top 3 or 4. fmall white flowers, confining
of fix very white Leaves apiece, within which are
fix white Chives, T ipt with yellow pendent stand-
ing about a fmall Triangular head, which has a
white Pointel flicking as it were in the mdfl there-
of: the fmell of which flowers is much like the
fmell of the flowers of the Hawthorn.

IX. The feventh, or finall Spanrlh Star flow-
er It has a fmall white Bulbous Root which fends
forth in the beginning of the year, five or fix
fmall long green Leaves, much like thofe of the
fir II common fort, but narrower, and without any
white Line or Streak, wherewith thofe others are
firiped or marked, from among which rife up one
or two fmall Stalks , about two handfuls high,
bearing at their Tops, each Stalk about f even or
eight flowers or more, growing each, one above a-
nother yet fo that they feem to make aT aft or Um-
bel with fmall long Leaves at the fool of every
Stalk the lower flowers being equal in length with
the uppermoft each of which flowers has fix Leaves
of an Afh or wbitijh blew color, with a ftrake or
line down the back of every one of their Leaves,
and fo many white Chives or Threads flandmg
about a b/ewijh Pointel or head in the middle ,
which flowers quickly pafs away without giving

a\tThe eighth, or Greateft white Star-flower.
Its Root is Bulbous, great, thick and Jhort,fome-
what yellowijh on the outfide , with a flat bottom
like that of the Arabian Star-flower , but more bar -
dy to endure the Winter , and more apt to encreafe,
whereby it is now grown common. It has many
fair broad , long, and very frefh green Leaves
which fpring up out of the Ground very early, and
are greater, longer, and greener than the Leaves
of any Oriental Jacinth, which do abide green from
the middle of January, or beginning of February,
to the end of May, at which time they begin to fade,
and the Stalk with the head of flowers, begins to
rife fo that it will have few or no Leaves at all,
when the flowers are blown. The Stalk is flrong ,
round, fmooth and firm, and rifes by flowering
time, to be 2 or 3 feet high, bearing at the Top a
great bujh or fpike of flowers, upon long Eootftalks',
which feem at the firfi to be a great green Ear of
Corn, for it is made fpike fajhi on -, which when the
flowers arc blown, it rifes up to be very high, /lender
'or fmall at the Top of the head, and broad fpread,
and bufhing below, fo that it is long in flowering.
The flowers open by degrees, for they flower firfi
below, and fo gradually upwards, confifiing each of
fix white Leaves, fpread open like a Star. Thefe
flowers are Snow white, without any line or freak
on the backfide, but not near fo large as thofe of the
Arabian kind, with a white Pointel or head in the
middle befet with many white Threds Tipt with

yellow Pendents. And the Seed is black and round
contained in the Triangular heads.

XI. The ninth, or Hungarian Star-flower. Its
Root is Bulbous , long and white and is greater ,
thicker , and longer than the Root of thefirjl or Com-
mon kind , for the m oft port two joined together., and
fomewhat grayifh on the outfide. It fhoots forth
feveral narrow , long, zvhitifh, green Leaves, viz.
five or fix, and that before Winter , which fpread
the mf elves upon the Ground, narrow and of about
a fingers length , much refcmbling the Leaves of
Clove Gilliflowers , but fomewhat roughifh, and fo
abide above Ground from the midjl of which the
the next Spring , about April, when the Leaves are
decaying , rifes up a Stalk , about half a Foot high ,
bearing at its Top , a fpike of many white flowers ,
confifling of fix Leaves apiece , with green lines
down their backs , very like to the firfi or Com-
mon Star-flower , which fhew themfelves open in
May.

XII. The tenth, or Great White Spiked Star-
flower. It has a large Bulbous Root , ufually larger
and whiter on the outfide than that of the greatefi
white Star-flower , at Se£I. X. aforegoing : and in
its form and manner of growing is much like the
fame eighth kind. It Springs not up fo early, nor
are its Leaves fo gt'een or large but it has broad ,
long , hollow , whitijh green Leaves , pointed at the
end from among which rifes up the Stalk , which
is flrong, and from a Foot and half to three Feet
high, whereon at the Top grows a great fpiked head,
orbufh of Star-flowers, ftanding fpike fafhion, fome-
wbat like the eighth Species aforenamed, flowering
in the fame manner by degrees , beginning firfi below,
and gradually upwards to the very Top. But it is
not fo thick fet with thefe Star like flowers, nor
fo far fpread at the bottom, as that kind, nor are
the flowers fo white , but each of their Leaves a
line or freak of green down their backs, and their
edges on both fides arc White. After the flowers
are paft, come Triangular heads like the others ,
containing within them fuch like black Seed.

XIII. The eleventh, or Great Green Star-flow-
er. Its Root is yellowijh, fomething like to the
eighth Species at Se£t. X. aforegoing. It has many
whitijh green Leaves , long and narrow, fpread up-
on the Ground , which fpring up in the beginning
of the Tear, and abide untill May : and then wi-
thering away, the Stalk fprings up ahnofi as high
as that greateft white Star-flower, having many
pale, yellowijh green Starlike flowers, but fmaller,
and growing more fparfedly about the Stalk upon
fhort Footftalks, but in a reafonable long fpiked
head •, after which comes the Seed, which is like
that in the laft Setfion aforegoing.

XIV. The twelfth, or Dwarf Yellow Star-
flower. Its Root is Bulbous , white , and covered
with an Afh colored Film. It fends up one only
Leaf, two or three inches long, which is narrow,
of a whitijh color, and of an Acid Tafle. Nigh
to which rifes up a fmall Stalk, about two inches
high , having one or two Leaves thereon •, between
which come forth fmall Starlike flowers, yellow
within, and of a greenifh purple without. The
flowers being paft, their come Triangular heads ,
in which is contained fmall reddifh Seed.

XV. The T laces. The Titles or Names of ma-
ny of them fhew their Original or Native Places *
but with us in England they are all Nurft up in
Gardens. The firft grows Wild in Germany ,
Flanders and other Foreign Countrys, as alfo in
feveral parts of Our Land. The fecond, Lobel
fays, he found in the Corn-fields in Somerfet-

fhire ,

Chap. <56 4. ‘Engltjh Tierbs. lope

Jhirc , but they are alfo generally Planted in j
Gardens. |

XVI. TheTimes. The Arabian flowers in May,
and fometimes in June. The A Ethiopian flowers
in Auguft, or the end thereof. The Jmall Spanijh
flowers in April and May. The Neapolitan, tho’
it oftentimes begins to Spring out of the Ground
in November, but moft ufually in January , yet it
flowers not till May , and the Seed is ripe in July.
The Hungarian flowers in May, and fometimes
in June. All the relt flower from the middle of
April , and fometimes fooner, to June, and the
Seed is ripe in the Months following.

XVII. T be Cultivation. It is to be oblerved,

1. That the Roots of thefe Plants loofe their
f ibres quickly, and they may be taken Up out of
the Ground, as fbon as their Stalks ate dry, and
fo kept till the end of September, except thofe of
the Yellow, which will not endure out of the
Earth, but a little time.

XVIII. 2. As thefe Plants are only or chiefly
multiplyed by their Bulbs, which encreafe in a-
bundauce in the Summer time ; fo they are to be
Planted in an Earth compoled of two thirds
Mould, and one third light Earth full of Salts,
fuch as ate fome blackifh Sands, which by the
produftions they yield , you may ealily find
have a great deal of fubftar.ee in them.

XIX. 3. The Arabian, ^Ethiopian , Spanijh
and Neapolitan, or others which com^ from hot
Countries, as they are tender and will not endure
our long, cold, and frolfy Winters, fo they ought to
be Planted in Boxes, in rich, hot, dry Sandy Earth,
and Houfed in Winter, and are to be expofed to
the greateft heat of the Sun , for which reafon
they are rather to be put in Pots or Boxes, than
into the firm Ground ; and fo they are ealy to he
removed from place to place, and put tilde which
belt fuits with their Natures.

XX. 4. The Time of Planting the Bulbs is
in the Month of September : they are to be put in-
to the Earth 2 inches deep, and to be well watered
when you think they want it. The Fellow, may
be fet among other tender Roots, which require
to be covered, and defended from Frolts in Winter :
all the reft are hardy, and may be fet in any place,
among other Roots which loofe their Fibres.

XXI. 5. Thofe kinds which are very apt to
be after ted with cold, you are to be very careful of
when Winter approaches, and to place them in
your Green Houfe, that the Cold and Froft may
not hurt or injure them. Thefe Star-flowers will
not bear to be often ttanfplanted : and when you
do it, you mull flay, till its flower is quite paft,
and its Seed ripe, and then being removed at the
Timejnentioned, they will fhoot forth newRoots.

XXII. Their Qualities, Specijication, Prepara -
tions, and Virtues , as Phyficully confidered. Au-
thors have taken no notice of, norate they known
to have any Medical properties ; but are rather
of Ornamental ufe, for the adorning of Gardens,
for which caufe, and the fakes of fuch as are ad-
mirers of all forts of flowers, we have inferted
them in this Our Herbal, that it might not have a
deficiency in thofe things, which a great many
Ladys and Gentlemen fo Angularly affeft.

XXIII. Yet Tragus fjys, that the Roots of the
Star-flower (1 fuppofe he means thofe of the com-
mon kind) totted in hot Embers, and made into
a Cataplafm with Honey, and fo applyed, heals
old eating Ulcers, and l'oftens and difcufles hard
Tumors. By their Signature, they may be fup-
pofed to be good againft Serophulous and Strumous
Tumors, and Ulcers of the Kings-Evil.

XXIV Matthiolus fays, that the fi.lt or 1 om‘
mon kind, are much eaten by poor people in
Italy, both raw and rotted, being fweeter in Tafte
ihun any Cheftnur, and ferve as well for a necef-
fary food for the Belly, as for delight and Giro-
mtnr in the Garden : Bur whether any of the reft
may be fo uled, is as yec unknown.

CHAP DCLXIV.

Of S T A R W O II T:

o it,

bubo-grass.

L A lam! • Ir is called in Greek ’Arif, *)

X in Latine, After, Bubomum, and

Ingumalu: in Englilh, Starwort and Bubo-wort.

11. Ike Kinds. Authors have given us be-
tween twenty and thirty kinds of this Plant, but
the molt ot them growing in Foreign Places, and
icarcely ever to he come at by us, we (hall here
give you only fuch as either grow in Our Gardens
at home, or in fome of Our Floridan Plantations
in America, or Weft-Indies, which are the nine
following viz. 1. 'A rifift,®-. After Aniens,
(la called I fuppofe from the place, viz. Athens
where it grew in great Plenty) After Atticus if
tens vei ns. After Atticus Leghimm, Herba Stel-
lan a Bubomum and Inguinal is. The true After
Attick, or Yellow Starwort. 2. After Atticus
It alorum After Atticus flore purpureo, vel flore
ceruleo. Purple Italian Starwort, or the Purple
Marigold. 3. After Conyzoides Lobe/ij, Fleabane
like Starwort. 4. After Virgin, amis latifolius lu-
nu* repens, (called by the Natives, Aquafcom-
enje) Yellow creeping Starwort of Virginia, v.
Alter Virgin, anus lute us caule mcmbranaceo Yel-
low Starwort ofVirginia with a Skinny Stalk. (,
After Virginianus htteus alter minor, A lelfer Yel
low Starwort of Virginia. 7. After Virginianus
latiyoltus pracocwr flore parvo purpurante The
more early broad Leav’d Purplilli Virginian’Star-
wort. 8. After Virginianus attguftifolius feroti-
"“s flore parvo albente , The later flowering nar-
rovv Leav’d Virginian Starwort. 9. After minor An-
gift, Johns ■, After minor Narbonenfium flore Tri-
poli; Lobelij ; After minor purpureus folio medio
Ltnarite. The Idler Purple Starwort, or French
Purple Starwort.

The Defcriptions,

III. The firft ot true After Attick, or Yellow
Starwort. Its Root is Fibrous conjifting of a
Bunch of Strings, of a Jharp and biting Tafte
dying every year after Seed time is over. It rifei ul
with two or three rough hairy Stalks a foot and half
high, with long rough or hairy brownilh dark green
Leaves on them, dwidedinto two or three Branches-
at the Top of every one of which grows a flat Sea'y
head, compared underneath with five or fix Ion «
brown rough green Leaves fhniing like a Star
the flower it fe!J ft ending in the middle thereof
is made as a border of narrow, long, pale yellow
Leaves, fet with brownijh yellow Thrums. ’

IV. Gerard

iog6 Salmon/ 'Herbal . Lib. 3.

IV. Gerard defcribes it after this manner. It
his a Fibrous Root oj a biting and Jharp TaJJe. It
has huge broad Leaves tike Verbafcutn Salvifolium,
or the Great Conyza. Front among which rife s up
a Stalk jour or jive handfuls high , hard, rough and
hairy Jiefer with Leaves like Roje Campions oj a dark
green color. At the Tops of the /aid Stalks , come
forth flowers of a finning and glittering Golden color.
And underneath about tbeje flowers grow jive or

St amort yellow true.

fix long Leaves, rough and Jharp pointed, not much
tnjhape unlike the tilb called Stella marina ; which
flowers turn into Doan, and ore carried away with
the Wind.

V The fecond or Purple Italian Starwort, or
Purple Marigold. U has a Root compofed of many
white firings, which perifh not as the former , but
abide many years, with green Leaves on their
heads, and Jpring frefh again every year. It has
many woody, round, brittle Stalks nfmg from the
Root fomething higher than the former, or about
two feet in height , fometimes Jlanding ‘fPr‘ght,
and fometimes leaning downwards-, on which are
fet without order up to the Tops, many fomething
hard rough, and long Leaves, for the molt part
round pointed ; near the lops they are divided in-
to feveral Branches, at the lops of each of which
grow flngle flowers , made like unto a jingle Mari-
gold, the outward border of its Leaves being of
a blewifh purple color, which are fet about a mid-
dle Thrum of a browmfh yellow, breaking out of a
green Scaly head, like to thofe of Knapweed, but
leffer. Tbefe flowers abide long in their Beauty ,
and in the end wither and yield a f oft Down , in
which lye [mall, black, and flat Seeds, not much

Starwort purple Italian.

unlike Lcttice Seed, which with the Down, art
carried away with the Wind.

VI. The third or Fleabane like Starwort. Its
Root is a fmall bujh of Strings and j mall Fibres.
It rifes up with brown Stalks , which are branched , a-
bout afoot in height or more, on which grow long and

Starwort Vleahane>

Chap. 66^. Englijh

narrow Leaves, Jet fingly thereon without order ,
not much untike to thofe of the fmall Conyza. The
Joiners grow fingly at the Tops of the Stalks and
Branches , ccmpofed of many dark or dusky yellow
Leaves , with a browner Thrum in the middle ,
which turn into Down , and their fmall Seed ,
is carried away with the Wind. There is another
fort a/fo of this Species , which has been brought to
us from V irginia, and is very like to this now de-
fer i bed, but it has f mailer flowers.

VII. The fourth, or Yellow Creeping Starwort
of Virginia. Its Root is Stringy , creeping under
Ground, and fpreading much. It rifes up with a
firong round Stalk 2 or 0, feet high, bearing at
the joints two fair broad Leaves, like the Leaves
°f fmall Flos Solis, but more pointed at the ends,
and harder in feeling, being full of Veins : at the
Top of the Stalk, which feldom Branches out, grows
one large flower, (riftng out of a green husk, made
of Nine or Ten green Leaves ) compofcd of many
long and narrow yellow Leaves , with a brownifh
l brum in the middle: which being pafl, there fol-
lows Seed like to that of a fmall Flos Solis.

_ VIII. The fifth, or Yellow Starwort of Virgi-
nia with a Skinny Stalk. Its Root is knobbed and
woody, with fever al long Strings adjoining thereto ,
and encreafes much at the /ides, but creeps not,
taking fajl hold in the Ground. It grows to be
6 or 7 feet high , with many Stalks , whofe lower
parts thereof, almoft to the half, is round, hard,
and firong, the other part upwards , having a
fmall film or skin on four fidcs thereof ( as is to
be jeen in fome other V lants) up to the Top, which
branches not, but bears fever al fmall flowers, as if
they were Tufts at the fir ft, but being blown open,
each flower is a yellow Star, confifting of y or 6
fmall and long yellow Leaves, with fmall, thick,
yellow Tointels in the middle, each having a black-
ifh 1 ip or Point, rcfembling flowers , which after-
wards turn to be flat Seed, broad at the head,
which are fo fingly fet together, that they refem-
ble the head of Seed of a Ranunculus, but greater.
The Leaves ft and fingly on a fmall Foot ft alk, on
each fide of the Stalk, being very like to the former,
of a dead or fullen green color, yet not altogether fo
large and broad, but a little longer pointed, and
snore rough in handling.

r IX. The fixth, or LefTer Yellow Starwort of
Virginia. Its Root confifts of feveral white and
long bardifh Strings, with fmall fibres adjoining
to them, abiding many years, and encreafing it felf
by the fide s. 'This as alfo the t wo former Virginia
kinds at Seft. VII. and VIII. Ioofe all their Stalks
and Leaves every year, and fhoot forth the next
Spring from the Old Root. It grows up but with
one upright fmall round Stiff Stalk 4 or 5 Feet
high, bearing two fair, green, long, Jhining Leaves
at every joint, dented about the edges, but fmaller
than the former, funding on fmall Footftalks, and
fomewhat hard in feeling. At every joint with
the Leaves on both fides, from the very bottom,
come forth Branches half a yard long at leaf, with
the like Leaves on them. At the Top of each
Stalk and Branch, grows one flower, whofe fmall,
round , green button under it, has feveral fmall
green Leaves on the head thereof , out of which
breaks the flower, confifling of a dozen yellow fmall
and long Leaves, cncompajfing a middle deep yellow
Thrum. The Seed, by reafon it flowers late with
us in England, has not been obferved.

X. The feventh, or more early broad Leav’d
Purplifh Virginian Starwort. Its Root is hard and
Woody at its head, fending forth long whitifh
Strings, and abides all Winter with green Leaves

upon it, when the Stalks are withered, and deat-
hs Leaves funding upon fhort Footftalks, grow
fingly on the feveral hard, ft iff, brown grecnifh
Stalks of a yard high , they are broad and round
at the bottom, growing narrower towards the Point,
and a little dented about the edges, of a frefb green
color on the upper fide, and fomething yellowifh un-
derneath. Each great Stalk towards the Top
Branches forth into flowers , which ft and in a
Lift or Spike, with feveral fmall green Leaves
below them on the Stalk : and the flowers ban*
many, fet on feveral fmall Branches ', have a fmall
grecnifh Scaly husk, and a fmall pale Purplifh
flower coming out of it, confifting of feveral fmall
Leaves laid open like a Star , with feveral pale
yellow 1 breds riftng up like a Thrum , which turn
into Down , with fmall Seed therein.

XI. The eighth, or later flowering narrow
LeavM Starwort of Virginia. Its Root is com-
pojed of feveral long white Strings , which lives
long and encreafes much , loafing all its Stalks in
the Winter but keeping a Tuft of green Leaves
all the cold fcafon, till tt / loots forth new Stalks
the next Spring. It grows up with many Stalks,
and higher than any of the others , bearing fingle
Leaves at every joint , which are long and narrow,
without any dents on their edges ; and without any
Loot ji alk at the bottom. At every joint , from the
middle upwards , it fhoot s out very long Branches
and they oftentimes branched again: at each
joint whereof ftand fingle Leaves , but much
fmaller , and thicker fet than below. The flowers
Jiand fingly at the joints and Tops of every Stalk
and branch , which are fmall and Star like inform ,
of a pale white color , with a fingle Purple Thrum
m the middle, rifing out of a fmall green husk,
which turn into Down like the former.

XII. The ninth , or Lefler Purple Starwort.
Its Root confijls of a bufh of Strings and fmall
Fibres-, from which rife up many fender, ftrar-b
upright Stalks half a yard high, each Stalk fet
many Leaves up to the Top, longer and narrower
than any of the Blew or Purple Star-worts, and fome.
thing like to the Leaves of Linaria, or Toad-Flax
At the Top of each Stalk, flani three or four flow-
ers, confifting of many fmall Leaves in a Starlike
form, of a very pale blewifli color, with a yellow
Thrum in the middle, which pafses into Down and
is earned away with the Wind as the others are.

XIII. The Places. The firft, fecond and ninth
grow in Germany, France and Italy, but with us
only in Gardens. The third grows in many places
in England, in moift and lhady grounds, but is al-
fo Nurft up in Gardens. All the relt'grow in
Virginia, as their Titles declare, as alfo in feveral
other parts of Florida.

XIV. The Times. The three firft and the Iaft
or ninth, flower in the Summer Months, viz in
June and July : The fourth and fifth flower in
July, the fixth in Auguft, the feventh in the
end or Auguft, or later if the year prove not
warm ; and the eighth, much later, viz. fome-
times not till the end of Ottober , or beginning of
November, but yet fometimes a Month fooner if
the feafon be warm.

XV. The Qualities. They are temperate in re-
fpett to heat or coldnefs, diynefs or moifture di-
geftive and maturative.

XVI. ^ The Specification. Starwort is dedicated
to the Cure of Buboes and other Tumors in the
Groin, as Galen faith, whence came the Names
Bubomum and Inguinalis. It alfo abates Inflama-
tions and eafes pain.

XVII. The Preparations. You may makethere-

7 A from.

•1

1098 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. 1.

irom. 1. A Liquid Juice of the Herb. -■ ■an
Oil or Ointment of the Herb. f. A Cataplafm of
the Herb. 4. A Decoil ion of the Purple Le lives
of the blowers in Water.

'The Virtues.

Cor ih. Tripolium minus Germanicum , The Imall
Sea Starwort ol Germany. 4. St ellana Aquatics.
Water Starwort.

The Descriptions.

XVIII. T he Liquid Juice of the Herb. Bathed
warm, or fomented upon places affected, it a-
bates InHamations, aflivages Tumors, and eales
pains in the part, particularly, it is of fpecial ule
in Buboes and other Swellings of the Groin ; The
Throat being alio outwardly fomented with it,
and inwardly Gargled with the fame, it is faid to
be profitable againft InHamations of thofe parts,
and the Quinfey. It is alfo good againft the Piles
or Inflamation of the Fundament, and the falling
out of the Inteftinum ReHum.

XIX. The Oil or Ointment of the Green Herb ,
and Hogs Lard. It cools InHamations of the
Fundament, alfo Inflamation of the Eyes, and the
bitings of Mad Dogs, as Cratcvas fays. It con-
fumes Swellings of the Throat, Scrophula s, G o.
being anointed therewith ^ but for thefe purpofes
1 ffiould advife to chufe that fifth Species at Seth
VIII. becaufe of its Signature in the Root (which
if Crollius is to be believed, is much to be con-
fid ered.) It is alfo good againlt Bubo’s in the
Groin, according to Galens Opinion.

XX. The Cataplafm of the Green Herb. Ap-
plved it is good for all the purpofes of the Liquid
Juice, or Oil or Ointment , more efpecialiy if it
be applyed immediately after the fomentation or
Untlion. It has not only a digeftive, but a cool-
ing quality, and is very good to fuppurate Vene-
rial Bubo's in the Groin, as all Antiquity has affirm-
ed. It alfo cures or gives eafe in the Piles, and in
a Ficus in A no , after fomentation or Unction as
aforefaid being applyed.

XXI. The Deccttion of the Leaves of the Fur-
pie flowers in Water. It is good for the Pains
and Sores in the Groin (applying after it, the Oil,
Ointment or Cataplafm) and gives relief in a
Quinfey, abaring and taking away the Inflamation
and fweiling in thofe parts. Drank it takes away
the heat and burning of the Stomach, and is faid
to cure the Epilepfy or Falling Sicknefs in
Children. The Eyes being bathed therewith, and
being alfo often in the day time, put into them,
it abates their Inflamation, cools them and eafes
their pain.

III. The firft , or Our Common greater Sea
Starwort. Its Root is compofed of fever al greater
Strings, and many f mailer Fibres , which grow deep,
and flick faji in the Mud of the Marjh Ditches
where it grows. Jt has many long and fomething
broad Leaves rifling from the Root next the ground ,
Jmooth, fat, and thick , and of a blewifh green color ,
fomewhat like to the Leaves of Dorias Wound
Wort, but much lejfer. From among which rifes

Satrmrt Sea Great.

CHAP. DCLXV.

Of STAR - WORT
Sea and Water.

I. '"T "'HE Names. It is called in Greek TemW
L by Diof cor ides : and in La tine, Tripoli um :
in Engiifh, Sea Starwort.

II. The Kinds. Authors make fix or more
kinds hereof, we (hall only Treat of thofe which
are more Common with us, viz- i. T ripolium
majus,five vulgar e-, Anthyllis major Cordi -, Amelli
Species palufirts Column <z ■, The Common greater
Sea Srarwort. 2. Tripolium vulgar e minus-, An-
thyllis minor Cordi , The Common lefler Sea Star-
wort. 3. Tripolium minimum , Anthyllis brevior

up a Jmooth herby , or fiejhy green Stalk , 2 or 3
feet high , branched towards the Top into fever al
f mailer Branches, with fuch like Leaves on them
as grow below , but lejfer. The flowers which ft and
at the Tops , are fomewhat larger and greater than
of the Attick or Italian Star worts, in the former
Chapter, and almoft of the fame color, having a
blewifh Purple Border of Leaves (landing about a
yellow middle Thrum, which after it has done
flowering , turns into Down, which with the J mail
Seed it contains , is blown away with the Wind.

IV. Gerard deferibes it after this manner. Its
Root is long and Threddy. From whence fpring
up long and large Leaves fomewhat hollowed or fur-
rowed, of a Jhining green color, declining to blcw-
nefs, like the Leaves of Woad. Among which
rifes up a Stalk tivo Cubits high or more, which
towards the Top is divided into many fmall branches,

garnifhed

Chap, 666. "Englifh Herbs. 1099

Tbs Virtues.

garnifhed with many flowers like Camomil, yellow
in the middle , aAd Jet about , or bordered with
J mall blewifb Leaves , as in Camomil Flowers ,
which turn into a whitifh rough Down , that flies
away with the Wind.

V. The fecond, or Common lefler Sea Star-
wort. This is in all things like unto the former
greater , but much lefler and lower , in its Root ,
Leaf, Stalk , and Flower ■, and in its Original or
Aative Places , has been obferved not to exceed the
greatnefs of the fmall Conyza, or Fleabane.

VI. The third, or fmall Sea Starwort of Ger-
many. T hii is alfo very like unto the lafl , but
yet lefs than it, having a Jhorter Stalk , and nar-
rower Leaves : The flower is alfo fmall , and of a
more Purplifh color.

VII. The fourth, or Water Starwort. It has a
long Fibrous Root , which fends forth fever al weak ,
flender , flexible Stalks , bending too and fro ,

Water , full of joints , from the bottoms to the
Tops , having two fmall fine Leaves , aim off like
\nafe of Fennel ( whence fome have call'd it Water
Fennel J at every one of them: and at Top
of each Branch a fmall white Flower , con fifing of
eight Leaves , wb/Vb tofo/z laid open are in form of
a Star , whence the Name . Gerard yi/r, /> /;oj-
wory fmall Grajfy Stems like Tbreds , coming from
the bottom of the Water , /o upper face of the
fame , upon which grow fmall double flowers of a
greenifh Herby color. This Johnfon z/z Gerard «?/’//
have to be a Water Chickweed , having fays he long
narrow Leaves at every joint , <z/z<( half a dozen or
more lying clofe together at the Top of the Water ,
zzz fafhion of a Star.

VIII. T/;<? Places. The two firft grow in the
Ditches of the Salt Water Marfhes near the Sea
Coafls , in many parts of this Land : and the Firft
is fcarcely to be mifs'd in any Salt Marfh, if you
look well for it. The fecond Lobe l fays grows
near the Mouth of the River Padus or Po in Italy.
Gerard fays, thefe Herbs grow plentifully along
the Englifh Coafls in many Places^ as by the Fort
againft Gravefcnd ; in the lfle of Sheppy in ieveral
parts 5 in a Marfh under the Town Walls of
Harwich * in the Marfh by Lee in EJfex ■, in a
Marfh between the lfle of Sheppy and Sandwich ,
efpecially where the Tide or Water Ebbs and
Flows: and being brought into Gardens , they
flourifh a long time, but grow very great and
rank, changing their greater Roots into Strings.
The fourth grows in rhe very Water it felf in
Watery Ditches, and fhallow Rills or running
Springs, and in other moift and plafhy places.

IX. The Times. They flower in the Summer
Months, viz. in May, June , and July, for the
tnoft part.

X. The Qualities. Sea Starwort or Tripolium
is as Galen fays, hot in the third degree : it is al-
fo drying in the fame degree, and as Diof corides
fays, it is hot in Tafte and fweet in Smell : and
that it purges the Belly, which yet Label denys:
but is truly Alexipharmick, for which reafon it is
put into Antidotes againft Poifon.

XI. The Specification. It is lingular good to
heal frefh green Wounds, as alfo to cleanfe and
heal Old Sores and Ulcers, to Cure inward bruifes
and hurts, and to refift Poifon.

XII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from. 1 . A Liquid Juice of the Herb and Root.
2. A Pouder of the Root. 3. An Ointment or
half am. 4. A Cataplafm of the Leaves.

XIII. The Liquid Juice of Herb and Root. In-
jected into Green Wounds or hollow Sores and
Ulcers, it cleanfes, drys, and heals them, and
mixed with Floney or Sugar,, and fofwallowed, it
is good to heal any inward Wound, Ulcer, or
Bruife, to help againft Coughs, Colds, and Hoarfe-
nefs, and other Diftempers of the Breft and
Lungs.

XIV. The Pouder of the Root. Taken to two
Drams in any proper, Vehicle it provokes Urine,
and is good to cleanfe the Reins, Ureters, and
Bladder of any Slimy or Tartarous matter lodg’d
in them. It refills poifon, and therefore is put in-
to Antidotes for the fame purpofe. Diofcorides
fays it purges, but Pena and Lobe l deny it^ yet
it is certain it expels watery humors from the
Bowels, correds Wind, and gives eafe in the
Griping of the Guts, by difeharging an Acri-
monious Water from the fame , efpecially in
Dropfies.

XV. The Ointment or Balfam. They have the
Virtues of the Liquid Juice, in healing fimple
Green Wounds and Ulcers, and eafe pain pro-
ceeding of cold in the Nervous parts, being ap-
plyed and bound on upon the fame.

XVI. The Cataplafm of the Green Herb. The
Leaves being only bruifed and bound to the place,
heal Green Wounds after a lingular manner,
which Authors fay, has been confirmed by Ex-
perience.

CHAP. DCLXVI.

O/STAVESACRE:

0 R,

LOUSE - WORT.

I. /TV H E Names. It is called by the Arabians,
X Alberas Habebras, Muibazagi, Muibe -
zegi • Muthuzagi, and Mibbezegi : in Greek,
dyeia, but by Galen, ’Ar«?/V ayeU : in Latine,
St aphis agria. Pedicular is, Peduncularis , and Pi-
tuitaria ( flic ditfa, a viribus quas habet pediculos
enecando, & Pituitam educcndo : ) and in Englifh,
Stavefacre, and Loufe-wort.

II. The Kinds. It is a fingular Plant fui gene-
ris, which at this day, is called by the Natural
Greeks, or more properly vQi&v.oKKev, i.e.

Granum Pedicularium and thereupon Cordus on
Diofcorides calls it Pthiroco&onon : Pliny lib. 26.
cap. 15. calls it Uva Taminia •, but lib. 23. cap. 1.
he fays it is corruptly fo called.

The Defer iptions .

III. Its Root is long and Woody, perifbing every
year, after it has born Seed. It rifes up with a
Jhort, but flrong blackijh green Stalk, fpreading it
felf forth divers ways : on which do grow

great large Leaves , cut at the edges into five or
7 A 2 feven

II oo

Salmon'./ ‘Herbal, Lib, L

fevcn divifions, fomething like unto the Leaves of
the great yellow Aconite or Wolfs bane1 but deeper
edged, and of a fad or dark green color , every
one funding upon a long root fa! k. The Jlowers
grow at the Tops of the Branches one above ano-
ther , upon fhori Footjialks , being fomething like to

,S avesacre.

A Larks Spurflower , for it has a Spur or Heel
behind it, of a very deep or dark blew color but
much larger. After which come in their P laces
three or four horned Seed Vefj'els, like unto the
Aconites , but greater , in which are contained great
rough TriaitgularSecd.

IV. Gerard defcribes it after this manner. Its
Root is of a woody JubJlance, perilling after it has
perfected its Seed. Is has draight Stalks 0} a
brown color, with Leaves cloven or cut into fe-
veral parts, atmfl like the Leaves of the Wild
Vine. The flowers grow upon Jhort Stems, inform
fomewhat like unto our Monks-hood, of a perfeS
blew color. Which being pajf, melted husks Suc-
ceed like to thofe of Wo/ft-bane, in which is con-
tained brownifh rough Triangular Seed.

V. The Places. It is Nurft up in Our Gardens •,
hut is with very great difficulty preferved in Our
Cold Climates ; yea fcarcely in very mild Win-
ters, if not well defended : and although covered
with Straw or F 'em, in the very Month of March,
thofe Match Winds will do it much harm, if
lharp and fevere, as they do to all thofe Plants
which are brought to us out of hot Countries. In
Italy and the Kingdom of Naples , as allb in Ijiria
and Sclavonic , it grows in the open Champion
Grounds or Fields.

VI. The Times. It never rifes to flower and Seed
the firft year it is Sown, but the Year after, and flow-
ers in its Native Places in June, but not with us
till it is late in the year, tho’ it has continued
all the proceeding flower, nor ever gives here any
perfeft Seed.

VII. The Qualities. The Seed (which is the
only matter cf the Plant which is ufed) is hot
and dry in the fourth degree : of a Biting and At-
traflive quality, and burning withall; and being
given inwardly is ftrongly Emetick and Cathartick.

VIII. 1 be Specification. It is proper for the
Curing of Scabs, Itch, Scurff, Morphetv, Leprofie,
foul Ulcers, running Sores, Kings-Evil, to kill
Lice in the Head, and provoke the Terms in
Women.

IX. The Preparations of the Seed. They are
chiefly, 1. yi Poffet Drink. 2. A Decoction in
Wine or Water. 3. A Decolhon in Vinegar. 4.
An Klelhtary. 5. A Pouder. 6. An Apophleg-
matifm. 7. An Ointment. 8. A Pafte.

The Virtues.

X. The Poffet Drink. A few of the Seeds a-
hout 14 or 1 ; of them bruifed and (trained into
Poffet Drink, and fo taken, work very ftrongly
upon the Stomach, expelling much vtfeous flimy
grofs flegm. But it ought to be ufed with great
Caution, becaufe it heats extreamly, and en-
dangers Suffocation by the Violence thereof : nor
indeed ought it to be ufed without CorreUives,
and things which may mittigate the force thereof;
that it may do no harm ; and then it may be gi-
ven to fuch as are troubled with Scabs, Itch,
Scurff, Morphew, Leuce, Leprofy, Herpes, ESY,
Alfo ufed outwardly, it kills Lice, Crab-lice, Ver-
min, Worms in the head, (hare, or Armpits, or a-
ny other parts of the Skin.

XI. The DecoQwn in Wine or Water, or Ho-
nied Water. It is Emetick, and brings up grofs
flegm, but with great Violence. When taken ,
much Honied Water ought to be taken after-
wards, and the Patient to walk up and down
to avoid Suffocation, for which caufe the Seeds
of Stavefacre, are very rarely ufed inwardly.
This has all the Virtues of the former, whe-
ther uled internally, or outwardly applyed. It
is good for all external defeedations of the Skin,
as alfo to cleanfe and heal foul Sores and Ulcers
in the Mouth and Throat : If it is too ftrong, it
may be weaken’d by mixing it with Vinegar.

XI i. The Decolhon in Vinegar. If the Gums
and Teeth be wafhed therewith it cafes the Tooth-
ach, by drawing away the Rheum which caufed
it, in great abundance. Any running Old Sore,
or foul Ulcer being often waiht therewith, it
cieanfes, drys and heals them, and comforts and
Ifrengthens any weak part, or Nerves overftrain-
ed, or hurt by any Accident.

XIII. The ElcHuary. Firjl a ftrong dccoSion
is made of the Seed in Water (proper CorreSivcs
being alfo added.) Then to the drained DecoSicn ,
Ponders of Ani/eeds , Cinnamon and Liquorice,
of each a Sufficient quantity, with twice their
weight in Honey, are added to make a thin E/eliu-
ary. Dofe is a Dram at a time ; it has all the
Virtues of the Poffet Drink and De-coition, and
provokes the Terms in Women : being alfo dif-
folved in Plantane or Rofe Water, it heals foul
Ulcers in the Mouth and Throat, by waffling
therewith.

XIV. The Pouder of the Seed. Strewed upon
Heads over-run with Lice and Nits, it kills and
deftroys them. Mixt with Vinegar or Wine, it
is good to be rubbed upon Loufy Heads, alfo
Loufy Apparel, and to drive away and defiroy
Lice, Crab-lice, BY.

XV. The

HOI

CHAP. DCLXVII.

Chap .661. UngUjb Herbs .

XV. The Apopblegmatifm. The Seed chewed
in the Mouth alone, or mixed with a few bits of
the Root of Pyrethrum or Pellitory of Spain,
draws away abundance of Rheum from the Head,
Brain, Nerves, Eyes, Nofe, Jaws and Teeth, and
thereby eafes the Tooth-ach, and the pains and
diltempers of thofe other parts.

XVI. T he Ointment. The Seed inPouder mix-
ed with Oil or Hogslard, and made into an Oint-
ment, is good againlt Itch, Scurff, Morphew,
Scabs, Leprofie, Lice, Crab-lice, and other Ver-
min, being anointed morning and night on the
parts affefted, after they have been firlt bathed
with the Decollion.

XVII. The Pa fie. The Seed beaten with Meal,
and made up into Pafte with a little Honey, has
the Virtues of the former Ointment and Eleftuary :
and laid in places where Rats and Mice frequent,
will effeftually kill or rid the place ol thofe kind
of Vermin, by their eating thereof.

XVIII. Note. The Seeds are very truly danger-
ous to be taken inwardly, unlefs prepared, corrected,
and given by a very skilful hand ; and therefore,
my Advice is, that fuch as are ignorant in PhyGck,
Ihould forbear their internal ufe, for that many
rimes Death enfuesupon the taking of them: but
as to all their External ufes, they are effetlual and
fafe enough.

Stitchwort Great.

Of STITCH-WORT.

I- ' I 'HE Names. It has no known Greek
J. Name, yet fome, as Dodonuus and Lobe/,
call it 'OAor ear, Ruellij : in Latine, Gramen Leu -
canthemum Doionei & Fuchfij ; Gramen Floridum
Camer arij -, Gramen Eufrajia Tragi ; Gramen al-
terum Matthioli -, Eufrajia major Lonieeri • Cary-
ophyl/us arvenfis Baubini ; and in Engiifli, Stitch-
wort. But why Dodoneus and Lobe/, or Ruellius
ihould call it Holoflium , i. e. tota Ojfea, or All-
bone, there is little reafon for, feeing it is one of
the molt tender Herbs, and has no hardnefs at all
in it.

II. The Kinds. There are two forts of this
Plant, viz. 1. Gramen Leucanthemum majus , Gra-
men floridum majus, Caryopbyllus arvenfis g/aber
flare major , Baubini , The greater Stitchwort. 2.
Gramen Leucanthemum minus, Gramen floridum
minus, Caryopbyllus arvenfis glaber flare minor Bau-
hini. The leffer Stichwort. But why Bauhinus
Ihould account them in the kindred of the Cary-
ophylli, I fee no reafon -, nor yer why they fliould
be accounted any Species of the Granina, there is
as little argument, tor that they differ fo much in
form from them.

T he Defcrip lions.

III. The firft, or greater Scitch-wort, has a Root
which is fmall, jointed andThreddy,runs or Creeps
in the Ground all about, with many fmall Fibres
adjoining to it. From whence rife up feveral

round, fender Stalks, fcarce able to fujlain them-
felves , but by the help of Hedge's, or other
things which grow or ftand near it, being full of
joints, from which two fmall, long, hard, rough
and pointed green Leaves fpring, without any
Footfialks. At the Tops of the Stalks and Branches
come forth many fmall flowers, confifting of white
Leaves, and in form of a Star , with fome white
Threds in their middles. Of this fort, there has
been fome Varieties obferved, as well in the Stalks
as in the Leaves and Flowers ; fome Plants grow-
ing greater or higher than others ; in fome the
Leaves larger, and in others the flowers being
greater or leffer, and the Threds in the middle
fome being paler, and fome redder than others ’
The Seed is contained in fmall heads, fomemhat
long and Jharp at their upper ends-, and when it
is ripe, it is very fmall and brown.

IV. The lecond, or leffer Stitchwort. This in
its Roots, Stalks , Leaves and Flowers , grows very
like unto the former, its chief difference being in
that it is leffer , the Leaves leffer , the Flowers
fma/ler, and each Leaf divided as it were into two
making it feem to have more Leaves than the form-
er. Otberwife in the fhape of the Leaves and flow-
ers they are much the fame-, the Leaves are orderly
placed by couples together, and in good proportion
being of a whitijh color : and the flowers arc made
in form of a Star, which when they are faded the
Seed follows, which is enclofed in knobs or fmall
round heads, like Lin-Seed , but not fo abfolutely
round and the Chives or Threads in the middle
of the flower, arefometimes of a reddijh or blackifh
color. In this leffer Species there is alfo fame di-
verfity in the Stalks , growing more upright, or
elfe lying upon the ground, and in the flowers
fome having white Threds in the middle Tipt with

black

iio2 Salmon V thrtaL Lik L

Stitchvsort Small.

black, fo that it makes the whole flower feem to
be black , or elfe they are of a pale yellow

V. T he Places. They grow in the borders of
Fields upon, Bank fides and under Hedges, almoft
every where. The firft kind grows more ufually
under Hedges, and upon dry Banks of Ditches,
or the like. The fecond is more Common in
Corn Fields, and elfewhere, in the more open and
Champion Grounds.

VI. The Times. The firft flowers a Month
earlier than the fecond, which is in April. The
fecond flowers not until May or June. But when
they begin to flower, they continue flowering for
about two Months together running.

VII. The Qualities. Stitchwort is hot and dry
in the firft degree, a little (harp and biting as
Galen fays, and in its ufe, very like to Millet,
and of an Anodyn Property.

VIII. The specification. It is faid to eafe pains
and flitches in the fides, and to take away the
Dimnefs of the Eyes, or clear the Eye-fight.

IX. The Preparations. You may make there-
from. I. A Liquid Juice of the whole Plant. 2.
A Pouder of the Herb. 3. A Pouier of the
Seed.

T be Virtues.

X. The Liquid Juice. It is much commended
to clear the Eyes of Dimnefs, and to take off
Films which begin to grow over the Sight, be-
ing daily three or four times a day dropt into
them.

XI. The Pouder of the Herb. It is accounted
of, to he'p Stitches and Pains in the fides, being
drank in White Wine from a Dram to 1 Drams :

fome advife it to be taken with the Pouder of
| Acorns.

XII. The Pouder of the Seed. It may be given
| from a dram to 2 drams morning and evening, in
White Port or Lisbon Wines, for the former pur-
pofes and intentions. Some fay drank 2 or 3
times a day for many days together, that it caufes
fruitfulnefs in Women.

CHAP. DCLXVIII.

Of S T OE C H A S

0 s,

CASSIDONY.

I. '~f~'HE Karnes. It is called by the Arabians,
JL AJiochodos, Afiochodes AJtuborados, A-
Jiuchudes: in Gieek, by Diofcorides nhofo : by ,
Galen : In Latine Staechas and by molt Sti-

ebadfis ; alfo Sttrch.is Arabica , (hecaufe the belt was
brought out of Arabia. Diofcorides fays, ittook the
Name Sicechas, from the Illands Stochades, (over
againft Majfllia) where it grew in great plenty :
in Engliftl, Staechas , CaJfldony , Slachadove and
French lavender.

II. The Kinds. There are two principal forts
of this Plant, viz. 1 . Staechas properly fo called,
of which we (hall Treat in this Chapter. 2.
Staechas Citrind Chfyfocome , Yellow Stcechas, Gold
Locks, or Golden Tufts, called alfo Yellow
Tufts , of which we have already Treated,
in Chap. 322. aforegoing: in which Chapter
there is a grofs error committed by the Prin-
ter, in the Title of the frfi\ Figure, page 432.
col. 2. which is there, True Gold. Locks of Diof-
corides, whereas that being the Figure of the le-
cond Species, its Title ought to be, Te/lotv Tufts :
or Tellow CaJJidony, and (o you are entreated to
Correft it with your Pen. Of the Stcechas pro-
perly fo called, of which we Treat in this place,
there are many kinds, but thofe which are chiefly
to be found in our Gardens, are thefe following,
viz. 1 . Staechas Vulgaris -, Staechas Mdtthioli
Staechas Arabica ; Staechas purpurea. Our Com-
mon Stcechas or French Lavender. 2. Staechas
Vulgaris flore a/bo Bauhini, Our Common Stcechas
with White Flowers. 3. Stcechas longioribus Zi-
gulis Cluftj-, Staechas midis Caliculis fumm'ts Lc-
belij', Staechas capitulis foliatis Lugdunenfls ;
Staechas caliculis non foliatis Bauhini, Stcechas
Caffidony or French Lavender with long Leav’d
Heads. 4. Stcechas folio ferr at 0, folio crijpo Cluftj,
Stcechas, or French Lavender with dented Leaves.
;. Stcechas purpurea odorata. Sweet Purple Sioschas.

T he Defcriptions.

III. The firft, or Our Common Stcechas ot
French Lavender. Its Root is fomewhat woody,
and will fcarcely abide our Cold Winters-, after it
has flower'd and Seeded, except in fome placet,
unlefs an efpecial care be taken of it. As it
grows with us, it is a more tender Plant than
Lavender, and the whole Plant is fomething faeet,
but nothing fo much as Lavender -, it grows more
like an Herb than a Bufh or Shrub, and is feliem

above

Chap. 668. Englijh Herbs. iioj

above half a yard high. It has long , narrow ,
whitifh green Leaves like unto Lavender , but foft-
er and /mailer. Jet at fever a l di fiances about the
Stalks , which Jpread into fever al Branches : at
the Tops of which come forth long and round ,
and fometimes four fquare heads , of a dark green-

Stcechas common or Cajjidony.

ifh purple color , com pall of many Scales : from
which come forth the flowers of a blewifh pur-
ple color , after which follow the Seed Kef] els, which
are a little whitifh when they are ripe , and con-
tain within them blackifh brown Seed.

IV. Gerard deferibes it thus. Its Root is hard
and woody ■, it has a Body like Lavender, fhort and
of a woody fubfiance but flenderer, befet with
long narrow Leaves of a whitifh color , lejfer than
thefe of Lavender. It has in its Top bufhy or
fpiky heads, well compatl or thruft together -, out
of which grow forth fmall purple flowers of a
pie a f ant fnell ■, the Seed is fmall and blackifh.

V. The fecond, or Common Stcechas with
white flowers. This differs not much in its Roots,
Stalks, Leaves, Seed, form and manner of its
growing , from Our ordinary Garden Cajjidony be-
fore deferibed, but only in its flowers, which are
much like thofe alfo in fhape, but not in color. In
this Plant the Leaves grow thick together upon
the Branches, a little larger, and not altogether
fo white -, the heads are fhort likewife, but the
flowers Jlarting from among the Scales are larger
than in the former, and of a pure white color. This
fort is very rare to be met zvith.

VI. The third, or Stcechas, or French Lavender
with long Leav’d Heads. Its Root is woody , long ,
flender, and accompanied with Branches, Strings,
and Fibres like the firfl, from which the whole
Plant in its form differs not much. In this the
Tops of the Branches are bare, without Leaves
upon them for the /pace of 4 or 5 Inches or

more, unto the heads. And the heads of thefe
are not fully fo large as in the other, but longer
having divers hard , fliff, and longer skinny pur -
pUJh Leaves, rifing up above thefe heads, than
at any time are Jeen in any of the former-, which
in fome places have a flew of fame fhort pieces ,
like unto the skinny Leaves, of a purple or blew
color. The Flowers and Seed are alfo like the firff,
andfo is its fnell or odour.

VII. The fourth or Stcechas or French Lavender
with dented Leaves. Its Root is much like the
Roots of the former kinds. And it has fuch like
Stalks, with fquare, brittle, flender, hoary branches,
on which grow very long narrow Leaves, nicked
round about the edges , or Toothed like a Saw,
not much unlike thofe of Lavender Cotton: of
thefe Leaves many grow together, and they are
fo dented or notched about the edges, that they ap-
pear Cur Pd or Crumpled, green on the upper fide
and hoary underneath, of a hot tajle , fomewhat
bitter. The Tops of the Branches end in fome-
what long fquare Stalks, which are naked and
without Leaves unto the Jpiked heads, which arc
Scaly, flenderer and longer than any of thofe be-
fore deferibed. The flowers are like unto thofe
alfo, but of a more purple color , and the Seed
is without any difference. At the Tops of the
heads, comes forth alfo, fuch like skinny Leaves,
of a blewifh purple color like the former.

VIII. The fifth or Sweet Purple Stcechas. Its
Root is woody, hard, long, and blackifh : from
whence fhoot forth woody and hoary branches, on
which do grow many long and narrow Leaves,
of a dark green color on the upper fide, and a
little hairy withall, but of an hoary white under-
neath, and very woolly, a little dented about the
edges , or rather rough. It rifes up to be about
half .a yard high , leaning down its branches ,
fpreading it f elf more in compafs than it extends
its felf in height. At the Tops of the Branches
comes forth fometimes but one flower or head 5
but more often two long heads together, compofed
of many Scales, at the Tops whereof fland the
flowers, which are nothing but long Thrums or
Threds, of an excellent purple color, and very
fweet in fmell, being very pleafant to the fight.
After the flowers are paft, follows the Seed
wrapped up in Down, within thofe Scaly Heads ,
fomewhat like to the fmall Tine Thifile Seed.
This Plant Parkinfon thinks ought to be placed
with the Jacea’s or Knapweeds, as being a Species
of them, rather than here with the Stoechas’s .*
but if you confidcr the form of the leaf and man-
ner of its growing, it feems to be rather of the
kindred of the Stcechas's, than any thing elfe , for
which reafon it is put here.

IX. The Places. The firft grows in Arabia ,
Spain , Italy, and Trance. The fecond in CafiHe
in Spain. The third in Italy , and Spain , and Trance.
The fourth and fifth, in Italy and Trance-. They
all of them grow alfo in England , but with us
they are Nurtt up in Gardens.

X. The Timet. Tho’ moll of thefe flower more
early in their own Native Climates, than with us,
as the three firlt in March and April ’ and the
two laft in July and AuguJ. Yet in Our Gar-
dens the two firft flower 1101 till May or Jane ■
and the two latter not till AuguJ, if they do abide!
They are tender Plants and mull be Sown in the
end of April, and covered in Winter trom the
Cold, or elfe fet in Pots, Tubs, or Wooden
Chefts, fill’d with Earth, to be carried into
Houfes when the Cold Seal'on begins ; by reafon

of

1104 Salmon/ Herbal Lib. I.

of their tendernefs, they ought to be lookt after
with great care and diligence.

XI. T be Qualities. They are hot and dry in
the third degree : Aperitive, Attrattive, Diure-
tick, Stomatick, Hepatick, Pefloral, Cephalick,
Neurotick, Cardiack, Uterine-, Emmenagogick
and Alexipharmick : but the firtt of thefe plants
is chiefly in ufe.

XII. The Specification. It opens obftru&ions,
cleanles, ftrengthens, expels poifon, refills putri-
faftion , comforts the Senfes , ftrengthens the
Head, Brain, and Nerves, is good againft all Cold
Aches, Pains or Griefs, as Apoplexies, Epilepfies,
Palfies, Convulfions, Vertigo’s, Melancholy, is
profitable againft all forts of Agues, provokes the
Terms, refills Vapors and Fits of the Mother, and
is good againft Coughs, Cold, Rheum, Catarrhs,
provokes Urine, and cleanfes all the Urinary Vef-
fels. Pena lays it is good againft difeafes of the
Liver proceeding from bad ConcoUion : and is
profitable againft the Colick proceeding from
Acid, Salt and Glafly Flegm, 0V.

XIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from. i. A Liquid Juice. 2. An EJJence. 3.
A Decotfion or lnfufion oj Heads and flowers. 4.
A Syrup. 5. A Pouder of the Herb or of the
Heads and flowers. 6. An Oil by Infiolation or
Decotfion. 7. The fumes of the Herb Burnt. 8.
An Acid Tintfure of the Herb Heads and flowers.
9. A Spirituous Tintfure of the fame. 10. An
Oily Tintfure of the fame. 1 1 . A Spirit of the
Heads and flowers. 12. An Oil of the fame by
Ditfillation.

The Virtues.

XIV. The Liquid Juice. Stcechas is faid to be
as effectual as Hyffop, for the Breft and Lungs,
for Colds, Coughs, Catarrhs, Hoarfnefs, Wheez-
ing, Lfc. It is alfo a refifter of poifon, and the
InleUion of the Plague, and all other InfeUious
Difeafes. Galen fays, it has a quality of binding
and opening, for which reafon it is good againft
all thofe difeafes of the Lungs. The juice taken to
2 Spoonfuls or more in Wine or any other proper
Vehicle, extenuates, cleanfes, and ftrengthens all
the inward parts and Bowels, as alio the whole
frame of the Body. Mefucs fays, it cleanfes,
purges, and refolves all ObftruUions of the Liver,
Spleen and other Vifcera , hinders putrefaflion,
and correfls their intemperature.

XV. The EJJence. It has all the former Vir-
tues , befides which it ftrengthens the Brain ,
Nerves, Heart, and all other inward parts, cor-
rects and expels Flegm, and Melancholy, com-
forts the Senfes, chears the Heart, revives the
Spirits, and is effectual againft all cold griefs in
any part of the Body, all Aches or Pains whether
internal, as Colicks, or external as Gouts, Lfc. by
taking it inwardly morning and night ftom one
Spoonful to two in any fit Vehicle ^ and outward-
ly bathing with it, the parts affeCted. Authors
fay, that Stcechas has a Cathartick faculty, but I
could never find it ; and therefore they fay or ad-
vife it to be given with Vinegar of Squills (either
the Juice or Eflence) againft Vertigo’s, Epilepfies,
Megrims, and other pains of the Head, as alfo of
the Stomach : and given with Lapis Cyancus , or
Sal Indicum , it prevails againft Melancholy, and
terrors and fears accompanying the lame : fo alfo,
if taken with Juice of Buglofs and Pippins ; it takes
away the oppreffion and fadnefs at heart.

XVI. The Syrup. It has all the V irtues of the
Liquid Juice, and is a more excellent PeQoral,
more efpecially if it is made with Clarified Honey’
or Sugar Candy ; it is truly an excellent thing a-
gainft all diltempers of the Breft and Lungs :
and ufed as a Vehicle to take either the Juice or
Eflence in, it is not only effectual for all the pur-
poles they are intended for; but fo mixed, they pre-
vail againft all forts of Agues, whether Quotidian,
Tertian, or Quartan, more efpecially whereFlegm
abounds. But they are faid to be hurtful for fuch
as are hot and dry, and of a Cholerick habit cl
Body, caufing in fuch both Thirft and Fainting.
This Syrup may be made of the Clarified Juice ;
or of the heads, and flowers boiled in Water,
according to the ufual method.

XVII. The Pouder of the Herb, or of the Heeds
end flowers. It has all the Virtues of the Juice,
F.fTence, Decoflion and Syrup; but operates not
with that lpeed, by realon of the grolsnefs of
its parts, and being clog’d with fo manv Earthy
particles. If it has any Cathartick Quality in it,
it is very weak and flow, and therefore they ad-
vife it to be mixt with Myrobalani lndi, or Che-
bull, or Sal Gemma , or Virtum Sciliticum, to ex-
cite its purgative property and quicken it. They
fay it is made ftronger. if it is before-hand In-
fufed in Whey, or in Wine, or Juice of Pippins,
with a few Rations of the Sun. The Dole
from half a Dram to 2 Drams, morning and
evening in the Syrup, or other convenient Ve-
hicle.

XVIII. The Decotfion or bfufion in Whey,
Wine, or Water, it has all the Virtues of the
Juice, Eflence, Syrup, and Pouder; but much
weaker, and therefore is given in the larger quan-
tity, as to halfa Pint or more, and if they defign
it to Purge, it is mixt with fome of the aforenamed
Catharticks, by which it is made the more forci-
ble. It provokes Urine and the Terms, and cleanfes
the Urinary parts.

XIX. T he Oil by Inflation or Decotfion. It is
good againft Aches, and pains from a cold caufe,
gives eafe in Cramps and Conrulficns of the
Nervous parts, and prevails againft Palfies, and
other like Weaknefles afflifting the extream parts:
anointed upon the Region of the Womb, or put
up with a Peflary, it is good for the pains and
cold diltempers of that Bowel.

XX. The fumes of the Herb or heads burnt.
Taken up the Noftrils through a Funnel, it is
good againft colds in the head, and opens ftop-
pages of the head and brain. Received in the
lame manner into the Ears, it is good againlt
pains there, as alfo againft thicknefs of Hearing,
and Deafnefs : and lb taken up the Womb, it
comforts and ftrengthens a cold and moift Womb,
and fometimes induces the Terms.

XXI. The Acid Tintfure. Taken to a Grateful
Acidity in any proper Vehicle, it prevails againft
the Plague, Spotted Fever, and all forts of Ma-
lign and Peftilenrial Difeafes. It fupprefles Va-
pors in Women, and is good againft Fits of the
Mother. Ir ftrengthens the Stomach, and caufes
a good Appetite and Digeftion , and is indeed an
excellent thing againft the biting of a Mad Dog,
both inwardly taken and outwardly applyed. ’

XXII. The Spirituous Tintfure. It comforts a
cold and weak Stomach, is good againft Fainting
and Swooning Fits, prevails againft the Palfie
and cold difeafes of the Nerves, and is Angular-
ly good againft the Colick, Gripings of the
Guts and Bloody Flux. Dofe a Spoonful at 3
time in the aforegoing Syrup.

XXIII. The

Chap. 66 <f. Englijh ‘Herbs. iio5

XXI II. The Oily 'Tin tin re of deads and Plow-
res. Inwardly taken from 10 to 30 Drops, and
outwardly applyed it is good againft the Palfie,
and all cold and moift diltempers of the Nerves:
It gives eafes in the Sciatica and Gout from a cold
caule* and eafes pains and aches in any part of
the body being anointed thereon. Inwardly taken
it provokes the Terms, facilitates the birth, caufes
due cleanfing after delivery, gives eafe in After-
pains and in the Colick, is profitable againft Sand,
Gravel, Stone, or Tartarous matter in the Reins
and Bladder, eafes the Strangury, and cleanfes all
the Urinary Veffels from Heterogeneous matter
lodged in them.

XXIV. The Spirit. It has all the Virtues of
the Elfence, and Spirituous Tinfture, but much
more pleafant and Cordial and may be given
from half a Spoonful to two Spoonfuls mixt with
the former Syrup, againft Melancholy, Vertigo's,
hpilepfies, Palpitation of the heart, and other dif-
eafes of the Head, Brain, Nerves, and Vifcera.

XXV. The Diflilled Oil from the heads and
flowers. It is no ways inferior to the Oils of La-
vender, Rofemary, Pennyroyal, Angelica, Oranges,
or Limons. A potent Medicament againft the
Palfie, Convulfions, Catarrhs, Colick, Epilepfy,
and all cold and moift difeafes of the Head,
Brain, Nerves, Reins, and Womb. It may be

# given from gut. iij. to vj. cr viij. in any proper
Vehicle: or it may bedropr upon poudered Sugar,
and well mixt with* the fame, and given in a Giafs
of Wine morning and night. It wonderfully com-
forts and ftrengthens the Womb, is good againft
Barrennefs, provokes the Terms, facilitates the
Birth, brings away the After-birth, eafes After-
pains, fupprelfes Vapors, and prevails againft Fits
of the Mother ^ and has alfo all the other Vir-
tues of the Juice, Elfence, Deco&ion, Syrup,
TinUures and Spirit aforefaid , being cautioufly
given as the learned Phyfician lhall direft.

See the Yellow Stcechas, or Gold Locks, in
Chap. 322. as aforementioned , vohofe Quali-
ties, Properties and Virtues, tho* they may be
fomething like to thefe, and may ferve to moft
of the fame Intentions and Purpofes yet ’ tis
certain, ’ tis nothing fo effectual as the True
Stcechas, of which We have Treated in this
Chapter.

CHAP DCLXIX.

O/STOCK-GILLIFLOWERS

Carden.

I. ,-p 'HE Names. This Plant is called in Greek,
1 As vKoiou (\- e. Viola alba , ex mvx.Iv album,
and r.r, Viola : ) in Latine, Leucoium : and in Eng-
lifh, Stock-Gilliflower.

II. The Kinds. We make but three generick
kinds hereof, viz. 1. Leucoium dortenfe. Garden
Stock-Gilliflowers, of which in this Chapter. 2..
Leucoium Marinum , Sea Stock-Gilliflower, of
which in Chap. 670. next following. 3. Leucoium
Mur ale, Leucoium Lute urn, Keiri, Wall Stock-
Gilliflower, or Wall flower, ofw'hichin its pro-
per place in the Alphabet, W.

III. The Garden Kinds. Thefe are firft Angle,
as 1. Leucoium fimplexu fativum color urn diverfo-

rum. Single Garden Stock-Gilliflowers of leveral
colors. 2. Leucoium fativum albido Luteum ftm~
p/cx. The fingle pale yellow Stock-Gilliflower.
3- Leucoium Melancholicum, The Dark or Dull
fingle yellow Stock-Gilliflower. 4,. Leucoij alte-
rum genus florc fimplici , Another kind of fingle
Stosk-Gilliflower. secondly the Double kinds as
Leucoium flore pie no diver for urn color urn. Dou-
ble Stock-Gillifloweis of divers colors. 6. Leu-
coium fativum Luteum flore pleno. The double
yellow Stock-Gilliflower. 7. Leucoium flore pleno
variegatum. The double ftriped Stock-Gilliflower.
8. Leucoium alter urn flore pleno. The other double
Stock-Gilliflower, of all which in Order.

T be Defcriptions,

IV. The firft, or fingle Garden Stock-Gilliflow-
or of feveral colors. Its Root is long, w!dte and.
W ?ody, fpreading divers ways : Thefe fingle Stock -
Gilliflowers tho ’ they differ in the color of their
flowers, yet are in leaf and manner of growing
one fo like unto another, that until they come to
fiower, the one colored cannot be known, from ano-
ther Stock-, that which bears red flowers cannot
be known from that which bears purple, nor ei-
ther of them from that which bears white: and
therefore OneDefcription of the Plant will ferve.

It rifes up with round Woody whitifh Stalks, two ,

Stock-Gilliflower Common .

three, feet or more high on which grow many
long and not very broad, foft , and whitifh or g*ay-
ifh green Leaves, fomething round pointed, and
parted into divers branches , at the Tops of which
grow many flowers one above another, fmelling
very fwcet, confifling of four fmall, long, and
round pointed Leaves, /landing in fmall long husks,
7 B which

iio6 Salmon 's Herbal. Lib. i

wbicb turn into long and flat Pods, two, three ,
four and fomctimes five inches or more long,
'in which is contained flat, round, reddijh Seed,
with grayilh Rings or Circles about them, lying
fiat all along tie middle Rib or Rod on both fides.
There is great Variety in the colors of the flow-
ers ■ for fomc are wholly of a pure white color:
others of a moft excellent Crimfon red color -.
others again of a fair red color but not Jo bright
or lively as the other : fame of a Purphjb or Vio-
let color, without any fpol, mark, or line in them
at all. There are again of all thefe colors, very
variably mixed, as White mixed with great or J. mall
foots drakes or lines, of a pure or bright red ; or
dark red and white with purple / 'pots and lines:
And of cither of them, wbofe flowers are almoft
half white, and half red-, or half white, and half
purple : The red of both forts, and the Purple
alfo in the fame manner fpotted, Jlriped and
marked with white, differing neither in form ,
nor fubpance in any other point.

V. The fecond, or Angle pale yellow Stock-
Gilliflower. This is of no great regard, but on-
ly for its rarity and diterfily from the reft,
there being but little difference in this kind
from the former , whether as to its magnitude,
leaves, or flowers, or manner of growing -, only
this has greener leaves, and a pale yellow flower,
almofl white ; but in all other refpcUs alike.

VI. The third, or Dark, Dull Angle yellow
Stock-Gilliflower. This feems to be a Wild kind
of this Riant , and has like Roots with the former,
but larger, longer, and greener Leaves than any
of them, unevenly ga/ht or finuated on both edges ,
lying on the Ground, and a little rough or hairy
with all. from among which rife up the Stalks a
yard or more high, and hairy likewife, bearing
thereon, here and there, fame fuel) hie Leaves as
are below , but f mailer -, and at the Top a great
number of flowers, as large or larger than any of
the former ftngle kinds, made of four large Leaves
apiece, / landing in fuel) like long husks but of a
dark, dull or fullen ycllotmjh color : after which
come long roundijh Rods, in which lye fomewhat
long but rounder and greater Seed than in any other
Stock-Gilliflower, and nearer both in Rods and Seed
unto the Hefperis. or Dames Violet. The Root of
this does not ufually perifh after Seed bearing tho'
fometimes it does.

VII. The fourth or other Angle kind ol Stock-
Gitlflower. Its Root is like to all the former, and dyes
every Winter for the moft part, after it has born
flowers and Seed, being fe/dom preferved. This
kind differs neither in form of Leaves, Stalks, or
flowers from the former, favtng that it oftentimes
grows much larger and taller ; fo that whofoever
Jhall fee both thefe growing together, Jball fcarcely
difeern the difference-, only it bears flowers, whol-
ly, either White, Red or Purple, that is, of One
color, without mixture of other colors in them,
which are either ftngle like unto the former, or
very thick and double , like unto the next follow-
img-, but larger s and growing with a greater Jlore
of flowers on the long Stalk. But this is to be un-
derflood, that thefe kind of Plants which bears dou-
ble flowers, as they bear no Seed at all , fo the dou-
ble flower'd proceeding from pfe Seed of this ftngle
flower'd (which of all the Jingle flower'd kinds, is
that only whofe Seed gives both ftngle and double
flowers ) is very feldomencreafed by flips or cuttings
(as the next double kind is ) becaufe this fort
dyes every Winter for the moft part ; but
is to be produced every year, from the Seed of this
ftngle kind , which promifcuoujly brings forth, fame

Plants ftngle flower'd, and jomc double flower'd ,
which cannot be diftinguijVd one from another.
viz. which will be ftngle, and which will be double, till
they are feen in flower, or in bud at leaf}-, for
which reitfon the Seed of this Jingle kind is altca-.s
to be faved -, which is the only wav to prejerve the
Species. But of the Seed of any of she jormer Jingle
kinds, never any double flowers were ever known
to be produced, and therefore you ought to be care-
full ,n favtng the Seed, to diftijtgutji it from the
Seeds of thofe.

VIII. The Afth or Double Stock-Gilliflower of
Divers colors. This kind which bears only double
flowers, grows not fo great , nor fpreads its branch
es fo far , nor are its Leaves fo large as the double
flowered of the former ftngle kind, but is in all
things fmaller, and lower, and yet is Woody or
Shrubby like that: bearing its flowers in the like
manner, many upon a long Stalk , one above another ,
and very double, but not fo large as thoje former
double, altbo’ it grows in a fertil foil , which are
wholly cither White, or Red, or Purple, without
any mixture, or elfe mixed with Spots and Stripes,
like the ftngle flowers of the firfi kind, but more
variably, and not in all places alike, never bearing
Seed , but is to be cncreafed by the cuttings of the
young Sprouts or Branches only, taken in a fit Sea-
fon. 1 bis kind perijhes not, as the former double
kind does, provided it be defended in Winter from
the Extremities of Rrofts, and Cold A'ortb and *
Aorth Eaft Winds , and from the Snow falling or
refting upon it. The Jormer Stock-Gilliflower of
divers colors, ra ffed from the Seeds of the fing/e
kind at Sect. VII. above , are in all parts fo like
the ftngle, and fo well known, that they need no
Deffcription. The chief difference conftfts in the
flowers, which in this double kind are large , thick,
and double , bearing many upon one Branch , and one
Stalk having many branches of flowers, which are
either of a fadder or fighter purple color, or of a
paler , or deeper reddijh Murrey. There is alfo
one which has greener Leaves than any of the reft,
bearing pure white flowers : but all thefe ( as we
J aid before) come from the Seeds of the Jingle kind
at Sect. VII. aforementioned.

IX. The Axth, or Double Yellow Stock-Gilli-
flower. It has long Leaves fomewhat hoary or
white, like unto the Stock-Gilliflowers, the Stalfis
and Branches being alfo like the fame (and not
Green like unto the Wall-flower , to which elfe it
might have been referred.) The flowers are fair
and double of a pale yellow color The whole Plant
is tender, as the double Stockgilliflowers are , and
ought carefully to be preferv'd in Winter from the
Cold, and that rather more than the next double,
left they perifh.

X. The leventh , or Double Striped Yellow
Stock-Gilliflowers. It is in all things like the
former ftngle Striped, and has the fame diverfuy
of Colours, only differing in that the Flowers of thefe
are all Jlriped or marked more or left with
white, which adds very much to their beauty and
efteem.

XI. The eighth, or other Double Stock-Gilli-
flower. This has no ftngle of the kind, and is lef-
Jcr in all the parts thereof, than thofe raffed from
Seeds: the Flowers are alfo fmaller , but thick and
double, of the fame or like colors with the other,
both for ftngle colors and mixed -, many of them
much more , and better Jlriped with white than
thofe of the former kind.

XII. The Places. They grow with us only in
Gardens, and that almofl throughout all England:
But it is faid that feme of the Angle kinds in

Foreign

Chap* 669. ‘Englijh Herbs, 1109

Foreign Countries and Warm Climates grow
Wild.

X III. The Times. They begin to Flower in
April, and are in their greateft Glory in May
and June but many ot rliem continue flowering
all the Summer, till they are Check’t by Frolts.
Some of the fingle kinds will continue flowering
in a manner all the Year throughout, in Tome
places, if they ft.ind warm and are defended from
Frolts and Cold Winds. The ingle kind, at Sett.
VII. whofe SeeJ bears double Flowers, as well as
lingle. Flowers ufually late, and keeps flowering
umiL Winter , till the cold Weather orFrofty Sea-
fons nip it. The double as well as the fingle are
railed from Seed, which if the Seed is good, and
of the right kind, is to be Sown at the Full of the

- Moon in April in your dower Nurfery, not too
thick, by any means. But if they are Sown in
March , it ought to be on hot Beds, in fmall
llrait drills, drawn crofs, and then covered with
One- hand (after the Seed is Sown) as thin as
pofiible.

XIV. The Cultivation, r. Being Sown in their
proper Seafons, when the Plants are grown to be
about 4 or 5 Inches high, you ought (in fome
Rainy Seafon) pull them up, then turn the Bed
over where they grew, and let them again in Rows
at convenient diltances. After they have Itood

ftfome time, and begin to grow lvgh, take them up
® again as before, ai.d fee them again the fecond
time } by this means they will become more hardy,
not grow fo high, and fpread out more into
Branches, have more llretlgth ro endure Winter,
and at Spring, be lar better Plants to remove,
than thole which run up to a great height with
long Stalks, which are l'eldom able to endure the
Frolts in Winter.

XV. 2. Among thefe raifed from Seed, you
will have many with double flowers, which may
be perceived in the buds, which will be rounder
and larger than thofe which will prove to be fingle :
thefe double ones you ought to remove into your
Garden, taking them up carefully, not breaking
the Roots, and with fome Earth about them,
which being a while Shaded and Watered, will
grow and bear fio ers, as well as if they had
not been at all removed. Thofe with fingle flow-
ers mult (land for Seed, which is to be Sown every

ear, to preferve the kinds for after they have
iorn flowers both double and fingle commonly d ve.

XVI. 3. The other fort of dculle Stock Gilli-
flowers, which bear no Seed, nor have any fingle
of the kind, are to be encreafed by flips only .-
Thefe double kinds, being not only more apt to
grow, but alfo continue longer than thofe which
are raifed from Seed ^ but as it is in Carnations
and Clovegilliflowers, fo ir is in thefe-, thofe from
fets, being more cafily obtained, has caufed the
latter from Seed, to beneglefted, and almolt quite
loll; notwirhltanding that one Plant from letting,
is a much more noble kindj and worth five of
thofe railed from Seed.

XVII. 4. Some think that the Double kind
raifed from Seed, are not to be preferv’d longer
than their firlt year of bearing flowers, but that is
a miltake * lor many of thole double Plants have
been raifed from the Hips or cuttings of this kind,
as well as the other. 5Tis true, the Old Plant be-
ing run up all to flower, dies commonly the next
Winter ^ but the cutting will grow, and bear the
next Spring following, almolt as well as thofe
railed from Seed, which is to be done in this man-
ner following.

XVIII. 5. Make choife of fuch Branches as do

l

not bear Flowers which cut off fome diltance
from the Stock, fo that they be not too long •
then lilt down the balk at the end of the flip, a-

ftarn ftal£ an IIlch’ ,m 3 or + p|aces> equally di-
ltant from each other, according to the bignefs
thereof, which Peel as fat as it is flit, and turn
up ; then cut oft the naked woody parr clofe to
the Kind which is turned up : make a wide Hole
m the Earth, and fet the flip therein 3 Fingers deep
with the bark fpread open, round about the end
thereof i then covet it, which let be (haded for fome
time, and watered; if the Ground is any thing good

iTh'l fT 'a This certainly

is the beft and moll abfolute way to raife double
Stocks of any of the kinds: and in like manneryou
nl?lr ?!? a If1 Sllps °F Wallflowers, ot of any
other Woody Plant which will grow of flips. They
may alfo be encreafed by laying the flips after the
manna of Carnations and ClovcgiWflowers.

, o’ A <en the plants begin to rife out of
the Earth from Seed, you ought to fecure them
from trolls, and Cold Nipping Eafterly Winds
by covering them with dry Dung, Mats, or Glaffes!
If you cover them with Glafles in order to for-
ward their growth, take care not to uncover them
all at once : for after having been enclofed in a
Warm place for fome time, if you expofe them to
the Air too fuddenly, you run the hazard of kil-
ling them : whereas if you gradually expofe them
to the Ait, they will the better encounter thehard-
(hip theieof and gather a fufficient ltrength, foas
1 ev!Jore ea W t0 admit -of a Tranfplantation.

XX. 7. The fourth fingle Stock, which we
prelerve for Seed, we always retrench in its Pods
leaving no more to ripen than we think fit for our
neceflity ; fo will the remaining Seed be fairer
larger, and ftronger, and make more noble and
beautiful produaion of Flowers. It ought alfo
to be gathered when the Pods are quite dry and
begin to open of themfelves: for the Seed being
then in no danger of fhrinking, you may Sow it
with expedation of excellent Plants.

XXI. 8. Before you Plant your young Stocks,

do not fet them immediately in the defigned places
for them but fill whole Beds with them, placing
them at half a Foot diltance one from another
where they continue as in a fhort Nurfery. The
Stocks begin to difeover themfelves towards the
atter end of September , if Planted in feafon-
lometimes it is later, and now and then not be-
ore Winter For they are in no Efteem, unlefs
they be double ; and fince Nature has not impart-
ed to them all that advantage, this Method is
taken ^ that having raifed them, and found out
which of them are double, we may order them ac-
cording to the following Diredions.

XXII. 9. As loon as the Stock appears to be
double, prepare Pots or Boxes 1 6 Inches Wide
every way, which fill with one half Earth the
other half Old Mould mingled together * and
prers’d down with your hands, leit it fhould
chance to fink after the Flowers are Planted and
fo make an unevennefs in the fuperficies, which
ought to be avoided : fill the Pots, &c. no higher
than within four inches of the Top, for the Va-
cancy which is left is to receive the Foot of the
Gilliflower, which we draw up either in Tutf or
with no more than its Roots.

XXIII. io. If it is raifed with the Turf or
Earth about it, then fink a Spade down, within
4 inches of the Matter Stem, and plucking the
Spade up, do the fame on the other fide, direfting
it fo, that it may go Hoping under the Roots;
and at every turn heave the flower a little, by
7 B 2 fome

uqS Salmon s Herbal Lib. L

fome fmall Shocks of the Spade at the Top of
the handle. Now obferve, if the Roots ot the
jiowet be quite difingaged from the Earth ; if fo,
thrui't do-.vn your hands on both fides of the Turf,
and with your fingers opened or Itretch’d as wide
as pothole, rail'e up the whole ; and before it is
placed in the Pot, Tub, or Cafe defigned, let ano-
ther perfon be ready to cut off thofe ends of Roots
which are too long for the Turf

XXIV. it. Then fet the Foot of the Stock in
its ddign’d Place, dire&ly in the middle of the
Veil'd, taking cate that the Turf or Earth fall not
afunder from it : But if it chances to be disjoin’d
a little, keep one hand clofe upon it, and in the
other take fome of the Compounded Earth as be-
fore direEted, with which cover the Turf all round,
preiling it gently down, and fo fill up the Pot
within an Inch of the Top, calling pure Mould o-
ver it, and uniting the fuperficies as evenly as may-
be which done. Water the Plant, and remove it
into the fhade, till it has taken Root again, after
which place it in the Sun, in the Pi ce where you
defign it (hall Hand.

XXV. ii. If you dont defign to Plant your

Stocks with the Turfs about thpm.- then only
pluck them up by the large!! Stem, and carefully
dip the Roots which are too long, after which
Plant them, according to the Method betore pre-
Icribed. , , ,

XXVI. I?. Since we only ufe that Seed,
which is of the bell kind, you mull take care, be-
fore Winter comes, to have fome of the Produ-
aion in Pots, to the end you may be able to fave
the Seed the year following : for know, that Stock-
GilMowers are only in Preparation (the full year
after they are Planted) to produce Flowers and
Seeds the year following ; fo that without this
care, you will often be unfurniihed.

XXVII. 14. We Plant them in Pots or Cafes,
cither, t . becaufe we defign they (hould continue
there always, or, 2. with an intent to remove them
serin in the Spring, to replant them in the borders,
or other parts of the Garden, where they may
make the heft Ihow. But when we would have
them remain long in Power , we place them
in Pots S ifc. that they may be removed upon oc-
cafton, into the fhade: and if the Pots are of right
Dutch Ware, and of ltandfome fizs, and placed
in good order, they will be a lingular Ornament to
the Garden.

XXVIIi. 1 5- In cafe the Stocks are not mark-
ed the firft year, after they are Planted, fo that
you cannot judge whether they will be (ingle or
double ; you mull be careful during the TV inter, to
preferve them with a covering from bard Frolls
and Cold North and North-Fall Winds, which
might poliibly Kill them. And thofe which are
in Pots are to be fccured from the fame Inconve-
niences, either in Green-Houfes, ot in fome other
place, of a Southern Scituation, which is warm
and not moil!. .

XXIX. t6. Stocks onght to be Sown in Hot
Beds , as we have declared at Set 7. XIII. aforego-
ing, but you may Sow them in the Naked Ground
alfo, which is well Till’d, but then it ought not
to be done till the middle of April or later, by
teafon of the Cold Weather, which is not over
many times before that time but whether they
be Sown in Hot Beds , or in Naked Ground , they
ought to be [Efficiently Watered and Weeded, that
nothing may hurt their growth.

XXX. 17- The Flowers fet in Pots to be pre-
lerv’d from Froffs, and Cold Weather, are thus to
be removed. Dig a Hole with a Spade ot large

Trowel, about as broad and deep as a Hat Crown ;
then lay your hand ilit upon the fuperficies of the
Earth in the For, in fuch a manner, that the
lower part of the Stem, may be juft in the middle
-of your fingers ; turn the Pot upfide down, and
(hake it a little, till you perceive the Earth to
defeend ; bring your hand down a little, take the
Pot quite oft, and holding the Plant in both
your hands, carry it gently to the Hole Dug for
it, where having plac’d it as it ought to be, fill
the whole up with Earth, and water it, after
which, you will find it thrive and flourifh to your
Satisfaflion.

XXXI. The Qualities. According to Authors,
they are of the lame Qualities, Specification and
Virtues of the Wallflower, of which in its proper
place ; and as their Natures are much the fame ,
lo they are elteemed as Effefitual to all intentions
and purpofes; they are hot and dry in the firft
degree, Ablterfive, Anodyn, Hepatick, Spienetick,
Nephritick, Hylterick, and Neurotick, and of thin
and fubtil parts.

XXXII. The Specification. The Flowers eaie
the hardnefs and pains of the Womb, provoke the
Terms, expel the Birth, Afterbirth and Dead
Child, open Obttru&ions of Liver and Spleen,
cleanfe the Reins and Urinary palfages, provoke
Urine, help in the Strangury, and are faid to add
ilrength to Paralytick Members.

XXXIII. 'The Preparations. You may make •
therefrom. I. A Liquid Juice or EJfence of the
Heads of Flowers, rather than of the green Leaves .

2. A TecoUion of the fame in Wine. 3. A. Lou-
der of the Seed. 4. A Gargarifm. 5. An Oph-
thalmick. 6, A Hi [filled Water of the Heads of
Flowers. 7. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues.

XXXIV. The Liquid Juice or EJfence. Ac-
cording to Galen , they are of a cleanfing quality,
and of thin parts ; they open the Obftruflions of
Liver, Spleen, Reins, and Womb, provoke the
Terms, help the hardnefs and pain of the Mother,
expel Birth , and Afterbirth, and Dead Child’
ftrengthen and reltore the Vifera, and any external
part weakned by the Palfie, ovefttaiiiing’or any o-
ther Accident. Drop’d into the Eyes, they cleanfe
them from Mills and Clouds, which feem to hin-
der the light; and take away fuch Films, which
are beginning to grow over the Eye. Dofe two
Spoonfuls ot more morning and night, in a Glafs
of the Diltilled Water fweetned with Sugar; or
with Syrupus de Althdta in cafe of the Stone or
Gravel, or other Tartarous matter in Reins or
Bladder.

XXXV. The Decollisn of the Heads of Flowers
in Wine. It may be made of them either Green
or Dry ; it retimes the Indifpofition and hardnefs
of the Liver and Spleen, and has all the Virtues of
the Juice or Elfence. Dofe from a quarter to half
a Pint morning and night.

XXXVI. The Ponder of the Seed. It has the
Virtues of the Juice, Elfence and Decotlion : and
may be given from a Dram to two Drams, made
up into an Eiefluary, with Rob, or Pulp of Ju-
niper Berries , or any other proper Vehicle, which
has Abllerfive, Diuretick, Hylterick, and Deob-
llruftive qualities.

XXXVII. The Gargarifm. It is made of the
DecoQion of the Heads of Flowers in Vinegar,
and fweetned with a third part of Honey, and

an

Chap .670. Unglijb Herbs.

an eighth part of Koch Alum diffolved in it : it is
good to heal Ulcers in the Mouth and Throat, they
being often Gargled therewith. A DecoUion of
the Roots in Vinegar is held good for thehardnefs
of the Spleen, being outwardly applyed, whilft
fome of the lormer Preparations are given in-
wardly.

XXXVIII. The Ophthalmick. Take of the Li-
quid Juice or EJfcnce 4 Ounces : Clarified Honey
1 Ounce: mix and diffolve. It gives relief in
Pains, Waterings, and Inhalations of the Eyes,
clears the Eye-light, and takes away Clouds, Milts,
Films, or other things which may obfufeate the
Sight, being dropt into the Eyes two or three
times a day.

XXXIX. The DijUllM Water of the Heads of
F lowers. It is available to all the purpofes afore-
laid, and is a good thing to cleanfe the Blood,
comfort the inward parts, eafe pains, and to caufe
a pleafant, merry, and chearful Mind : If in eight
Ounces of the Water, three or four Drams of Sac-
char um Sat urn i be diffolved, it makes an ex-
cellent Wafh for the Face and Skin, taking away
Scurf, Morphew, Tanning, Sunburniag, Pimples,
Sorenefs, Scabs, and other like Defoedations and
Deformities thereof, being duly applyed and fuffer-
ed to dry on.

XL. The Cataplafrn. The Leaves beaten in a
Mortar with a little Salt, and applyed as a Cata-
plafm to the W rifts, being ryed pretty hard on,
is faid to be a Remedy and Cure for an Ague.
The Leaves and Heads of Flowers boiled alfo foft
in a little Vinegar, to the confiftency of a Cata-
plafm, and applyed warm, upon any place Pained
with the Gout , eafes the Pain, and difeuffes the
humor, and ftrengthens the Weakned Parts. Ap-
plyed alfo to the Joints, Nerves and Tendons,
troubled with any Pain or Weaknefs, hard Tu-
mors, Swelling, or Inttamations, it give eafe,
ftrengthens, foftens, difeuffes and reduces them
to their Priftine State.

CHAP. DCLXX.

Of ST OCK- GILLIFIOWER

Sea.

L'JjfHE Names. It is called in Greek, Atvnoi-

X ov Q&Kh'£f(nov> in Latine, Leucoium Mari-
num and in Englifti, Seax or Marfa - Stock-
Gilliflower.

II. The Kinds. Authors have made a dozen
kinds or more, moft of which are not to be found
in our Countries : Thofe more ufual with us, are,
I. Leucoium Mari num pur pur cum Lobelij : The
Purple Sea Stock-Gilliflower. 2. Leucoium Ma-
rinum Syriacum The Levant Stock-Gilliflower.

3. Leucoium Marinum latifolium Bauhini ^ Leucoi-
um Marinum alterum Lobelij latifolium Leucoi-
um Marinum aliud Camerarij -, T ripolium Angui-
lara Corner ario-, broad leav’d Sea Stockgiliiflower.

4. Leucoium. Marinum majus Clujij Leucoium
marinum latifolium Bauhini , Great Sea Stock-
Gilliflower. 5;. Leucoium marinum maximum
The greateft Sea Stock-Gilliflower. 6. Leucoium
Marinum minus Cluftj Lf Lobelij , The fmall Sea
Stock-Gilliflower.

109

The Defcripticns.

III. The firft or Purple Sea Stock-Gilliflower.
" haj a very long tough root , tbrufting it [elf deep
into the Earth ; from which rife up thick • fat
Joft and hoary Stalks. The leaves coming forth
jrom the Stalks next the Ground , are long , (oft
thick, full of juice , covered with a downcy hoari-
ne/s, _ and jinuated fome what deep on both fide s.
lhe Stalk is fet here and there with like Leaves
but lejjer. The Flowers grow at the tops oLthe
o talks, compact of four fmall leaves , of a light

j/?? Co/<?//r . The Seed is contained in long crook-
ed tods, like thofe of the Garden Stock-Gilliflower .

IV. The fecond, or Levant Stock-Gilliflower.

Its root is white, and grows deep into the Ground,
fpreading it f elf about , growing woody when it is in
Seed, but periling afterwards. It rifes up at
firjt with fcveral long and fomewhat broad leaves,
a little unevenly dented or waved about the edges,
which fo continue the firjl Lear after Sowing. The
Stalk rifes up the next Lear to be about tjm Feet
an °i more ■> fearinP> thofe leaves on it which it

firjt had, which do then grow lefs finuatedor wa-
ved than before. At the top j lands many Flowers
made of four Leaves a peicc , of a delay'd Purple
Colour -, having but a little fmell, which turn into
very long and narrow flat Pods, in which are con-
tained fiat Seed , like that of the common Garden
Stock-Gilliflower, but much larger, and of a dark
or blackiO) brown colour.

V. The third, or broad leav’d Sea Stock- Gilli-
flower. It has a long root , running very deep into
the Earth, with avafi number of Fibres or Strings
coming from the fame: From which Spring forth
many hoary leaves lying upon the Ground Jhorter
and broader than thofe of the other Sea kinds
harder alfo in feeling, and as it were rugged, more
hairy, and finely dented about the edges. From
among which , rife up fever al round hairy Stalks ,
about a Foot high, bearing at their tops fever al
Flowers of a purplifh blew colour , much like thofe
of the Garden-, after which follow fmall long Pods
with brownijh flat Seed in them.

VI. The fourth, or Great Sea Stock-Gilliflower.

Its Root a long, running deep into the Ground,
with many branches Springing from the fame. It
has divers long thick hoary leaves, lying on the
Ground for the fir ft Lear j fome of them being cut
in the one edge, and fome on both, with but one
gafh, and fome not at all. The Stalk rifes up the
next Tear about a Foot high or more, which Spreads
lt ff If int0 divers branches , yet all of them weak
and rather bending downwards, than ft ending up-
right - on which grow but few leaves, little or no.
thing dented or cut in -, at the tops of which , grow
Several Flowers of a pale purple Color, drawing
near to the Color of Red Wine Lees, which fmell
fweeter after the Sun is down , than in the day-
time. The Cods which follow, arc long and fome-
what flat, with reddifh flat Seed in them.

VII. Thefifth, or Greateft Sea Stock-Gilliflower.

Its Root is white, hard, long, and fpreading into
many Branches, which abides not after it bat yield-
ed Seed but perifhes as the other Sea kinds do.

It has dive is long, thick, whitifh foft leaves lying
upon the Ground, one within another in a round
comp of s and. are differ than the other Sea kinds,
or thofe of the Garden kinds in lhe former Chap -
er • lagged alfo , or cut in evenly on both fide s
into deep dents, not much unlike to the Snaggs of a

Bucks

I I IO

Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. 1.

Bucks Horn , which makes it feem the more beauti-
ful. Thus it abides for the fir ft dear ; but the
next Tear it bears or fends forth a hoary white
Stalk , three Feet high or more , fpreading it Jelf
out into many Branches , pretty thick , but weak ,
being fcarcely able to bland upright ; on which grow
narrower leaves , little or nothing fagged about the
edges. At nhofe tops grow a great number of
Flowers one above another , for a great length toge-
ther ■, each Flower confiding of four broad pointed
leavet a peice, not altogether [o facet at thofe of
the Garden Stocks , but fomewhat larger, and of a
pale blewi/h purple color, almoft like the color of a
Dove or Pidgcon : After which, come forth long
See * pods like the others, with Seeds lying in a
double row in the fame manner, but larger , and of
a darker color.

VIII. The fixth, or fmall Sea Stock-Gilliflower.
Jts Root It woody like the other , and perifhes after
Seeding time. T hit baa more upright Stalks than
any of the former , divided from the bottom into

found near the Sea-fhore about Colchefier , alfo in
the Ifle of Alan, near Weft-CheJ] er, and near to
P ref on in Oldernefs , Tcrkjhire. All the reft aie
found growing on the Sea-Coafis of the Levant ,
and other Forreign Countries; but with us they
gtow only in Gardens.

X. The Times. They all Flower all the Sum-
mer Months, from May , through all June , July
and Augufl ; and the Seed comes to ripenels in
lefs than a Month after.

XI. The Qualities , Specification , Trepanations
and Virtues of thefe, are accounted the fame with
thofe of the Garden Kinds, treated of in the for-
mer Chapter, faving that they have not altogether
fo fweet a Smell ; but in Galens Judgment they
have all of them a cleanfing property, and are of
thin and fubtil parts.

Stock-Gilliflower Sea-Small.

many Branches , on which grow [oft woolly leaves ,
f mailer, narrower and. leffer jagged, than thofe of
the Qreat Sea-Stock. The Flowers which grow at
the tops of the Branches , are jmaller than the others
which grow lower, but confifl of jour Leaves only
like the ref oj a frefh red or Crimfon color,
which upon their fading , feem yet to be deeper •,
and having a weaker Smell than tbofe of the other
kinds : After which, in their places, come forth long
Pods , in which are contained the like red Seed.

IX. The Places. The firlt was gathered by
Mr- George Bowles , upon the Rocks at Aberdovy ,
in Merit nethfh'tre in Wales, and poffibly may be

STOB-WORT, fee Sorrel- Wood, Chap. 641.
STONE-BREAK, Saxifrage, Chap. 624.
STONE-HORE, fee Stone-Crop, Chap. 671.
STONNARD, fee Stone-Crop, Chap. ibid.

chap DCLXXI.

Of STONE-CROP,

AND

WALL-PEPPER.

I. H E Names. It is called in Greek, ’Ak£<#»i>

_L fui-ejv : quaft Sedum minus, (becaufe it is a
fempervive ) in Latine, lllecebra, and Vermicularis :
in Erglilh, Stone-Crop, and Wall-Pepper.

11. The Kinds. Authors make many forts of
this Plant, as, i. Ulecebra, lllecebra minor Tobelij,
Sedum tertium Diofcoridis, Sedum Caufticum Clu-
fij ; fempervivum minimum -, DaOylon fecundum
vel tertium Columns ; A izoon acre Cordi -, Aizoon
minus fervidiguftus Tbalij ; fmall Stone-Crop, or
Wall-Pepper. 2. lllecebra inftpida ; Vermicularis
inftpida Tbalij-, Aizoon minimum Cordi : Inlipid
Stone-Crop, or Wall-Pepper. %■ Sedum minus
tftivttm Tobelij, Summer Stone Crop. 4. Ver-
micularis flore albo Camerarij ; Sedum minus fee-
mina Fucbfij, Tugdunenfis, ahorumque Semper-
vivum minus album Brunfelflj ; Sedum minus pri-
mum Clufij. The Greater White-Flowered Scone-
Crop with round pointed Leaves. 5. Sedum minus
Clufij-, Vermicularis Dafypbyllon ; Aizoon Dafy-
phyllum five denftfohum Lugdunenfts ; A fmaller
White -Flowered 6tone-Crop. 6. Vermicularis
fcorpioides -, Sedum minus quantum Clufij ; Aizoon
fcorpioides Lobelij ; Aizoon minus flore luteo re-
flexo Camerarij -, Stone-Crop with turning heads.
7. Sedum minus flore rubente Bauhini-, Sedum mi-
nus tertium Clufij -, Sedum pa/ujlre Clufij -, Sedum
minus quart urn Tragi-, Field or Marlh Stone-
Crop.

III. The

Chap. 6j i . Engiijh Herbs,

ii 1 1

The Descriptions.

III. The fir ft or fmall Stone - Crop, or Wall-
Pepper. It has a long , /lender, fibrous or ftringy
Root, creeping under the Earth not very deep. It
grows like the other Stone-Crops , with very many
and /lender Stalks , and fmall roundi/h fat thick
leaves fet thick upon them -, at the tops of which ,
grow fmall pale yellow Flowers in Tufts , as the
others do. The tafte hereof is very J, harp , hot and
biting upon the Tongue , by which it is chiefly di-
finguijhed from all the reft tbo ’ it is alfo di-
ftinguifhed in fome meafure by its form , being a
J mall Riant, audits Stalks very thick fet with fmall ,
fat, or thick leaves as aforefaid, its Root /pringing
up from its Fibres, and fo fp reading very far,
quickly taking up much Ground.

IV. The fecond, or Infipid Stone Crop, or
Wall-Pepper. It is a fmall Riant like the former,
growing altogether like it, in Leaf, Stalks, and
Flowers, which are as thefe, ycllowifh : and is only
di/Ungui/hed. by the Tafte from the frft • this being
nothing biting, but as it were unfavoiy, and with-
out any Tafte.

V. The third, or Summer Stone -Crop. Its
Root is fmall, fibrous and perifhing. It has on fmall
Stalks, which fpread them/ elves out into many
Branches, many thick, round, long and juicy
Leaves, fet together without any order \ the Branch-
es being ftored with many yellow Flowers at their
Tops.

Stone Crop White Flower d :

AND

Tricl ^ Madam Common Greater.

Vi. The fourth, or Greater White Flower’d
Stone Crop with round pointed Leaves. ItsRcot
creeps like the reft, and Leaves pmJi
Stalks every dear. U creeps upon the Ground w

£ ? V”'r a’,'h‘ 0,ba's io- fender

S'alks and long round Leaves upon them, of a hlcw-
ff green color not Jharp , but round pointed
feetiling like Wheat - Corns , or Pine Apple Kent
nep-. be'ng fferfedly fet thereon: at the tops of
mhich, ft and J mall white Star like flowers , in fmall
Lufts or fparfed Umbels. This very much re-
ft e mb les the Greater Prick-Madam, r'aChap. 778
“foregoing and. differs chiefly from that in
the flowers ■ thefe here bang white , thofe being
yellow : And therefore the Cut here placed, may in-
differently ferve for both Species. '

e™rThc *h> or Smaller White Flower’d
f™lCl0pdJ‘ ,n U! l]00,U Stalks, Branches,
Leaves and Flowers, are like the l aft , but it growl
lower, andheu a greater ftore of thofe fmall round
Leaves like Wheat Corns, which are thicker fet

'hevn\' n,d,Jreru£ inft0,hine ‘Ife therefrom.

VIII. The fixth, or Stone - Crop with Turning
heads. Its Root in like manner at the former'
creeps and /hoots forth in divers places. This
bat fucb like Stalks with Leaves thereon, as that
“If pi Vl-/bove-, fo that it is hard to difiimuijh
this Riant from that, or the Greater Prick- Madam
in Chap. 578. Se£l. ;. aforegoing of this Book, un

til u comes to flower, which then may be difcer-
ned to differ from, hem, only in the turning if its
7upS-r ?fpelJ°w rbaen, which turn or bend like
the Lad of a Scorpion ( whence the Name ■ ) or
other Herbs which are rcfemblcd to it. Lobel bat

fematodes.^ ^ """" which he c““ >

IX. The feventh or Field, or Marlh Stone-

u^'riu0? 24 °% fl^der, creeping and ft.
bt ous like the former Kinds which fends up feve-
ralredd.Jh Stalks fet with fmall fit long Leaves
Jome thing hairy and much greener than any of the
former. The flowers arc fmall , /landing like
Stars, many m a Tuft together, of a pale red or
Carnation color. It abides green all the Winter
and has as little Tafte as any of the five former. ’

X. The Places. The firft tho’ it grows natu-
rally on Old Brick, Stone, and Mud Walls and
other Barren, Wall and UntiU’d places, yet it is ge-
nerally nurlt up alfo in Gardens ; as are alfo many
ot the following forts. The next five grow either
on Mud or Stone or Brick Walls, or among Ruh-
• ! Vpf alfo m Sa“ty, Gravelly, Barren and Un-
nl d .Places, and oftentimes upon the fides of old
Tiled Houles and I enthoufes , hut the laft grows
only in moift Meadows and Marlhes.

The Times. They all Flower in the Sum-
mer Months, viz. June, July and Augufl, and
fometimes in May ; and the Leaves of many of
them continue Green all the Winter.

’ jSP' Thc f Specification, Preparations
3Hi Virtues of the Six laft Kinds , are in all re-
fpeas the fame with thofe of Prick- Madam in
Chap.jjz. from Sed. IX. ad Sell. XVIII. inciufive
to which we refer you. ’

The Virtues of the Firft Kind, viz.
Stone-Crop Biting , Or, Wall-Pepper.

c XlII'rsn’f pities. Ir is hot and dry in the

Bllfters onfrVXU lCeratin>,S theSkin’ and rail4
Bhlters on it, tfapplyed thereto; and will do it

as ltrongly as Ranunculus or Crowfoot. And in-
wardly taken, it is Emetick.

XIV The

1 1 12

Salmon s ‘Herbal. Lib. I.

XIV. The Specification . It cleanfes the Sto-
mach of grofs and tough Flegm, and is faid to cure
Quartan Agues, as alfo Struma, orScrophula, and
the Sciatica, by external application.

XV. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, I. A Liquid Juice. 2. jl Syrup, a. An
Oil by EDecoflion or Infolation. a. A Cataplafm of
the Herb.

The Virtues.

XVI. The Liquid Juice. Taken to a Spoonful
or two, mixt with as much Vinegar, in fome pro-
per Vehicle, it provokes Vomiting, and fo by edu-
cing thick tough Flegm and other clammy Humors,
it conduces to the Cure of old Quartan Agues, the
Kings Evil, and the Sciatica, and other Chronick
Difeafes, or fuch as have been of long continuance.
And it is faid to expel Poifon, or the force of any
Venomous Herbs, as of the Aconite, Lie. But
Parkinfon fays, Caveat qui fumpferit , yet I know
no reafon for that precaution, provided it be not
taken in too great a Dofe.

XVII. The Syrup of the Juice , or Green Herb ,
It is made with Vinegar and Honey, and has all
the Virtues of the Liquid Juice. Dofe two or
three fpoonfuls or more, according to Age and
Strength, in the Morning falling.

XVIII. The Oil by Decotlion or Infolat ion. It is
good againft all cold and moift Difeafes of the
Nerves and Joints, -as Aches or Pains, Gouts, Sci-
atica,Over-ftrainings, Palfies, Convulfions, Cramps,
Strumous Knots or Kernels in the Neck, Throat,
and under the Chin or Jaws, or other parts of the
Body -, and anointed upon the Piles it gives them
prefent eafe, and in a (hort time cures them.

XIX. The Cataplafm. Made of the Green Herb
and applyed, it draws llrongly, raifes Blitters and
exulcerates, and therefore is very profitable being
applyed to any vehement or extream Gout or Sci-
atica ; and cures thofe Difeafes by drawing forth
the Morbifick Humor. If it is made into a Cata-
plafm by boiling it with Hogs-Lard, adding a lit-
tle Crumbs of Bread, and applyed to Scrophulous
fwellings, knots and kernels in the Neck, or other
parts, it is faid to difeufs, dilfolve, or take them
away.

CHAP. DCLXXII.

Of STRAWBERRY.

1. Tp H E Names. It has no Greek Name that
X we know of : but it is called in Latine,
F ragaria: and in Englilh, Strawberry. The Fruit
is called Eraga ; ( a jruttu fragrantia odor is Lf
guftus : ) Strawberries. Pliny , lib. 2;. cap. 9.
makes mention of Eraga ; and Scrvius calls them
Mora terrefiria : yet it is no Species of the Morus ,
whether you underftand by it the Mulberry or
Bramble.

II. The Kinds. AuthorsmakemanyKindshere-
of, but thofe which are molt common with us, are
1. Eragaria Sylvefiris vel Ncmorenfis , Wood*
Strawberry. 1. Eragaria vel Eraga Hortenfis, Gar-
den Strawberry. 3. Eragaria vel Eraga Magna Lj
Alba , Eraga maxima Lj Bohemica , The great white

Strawberry. 4. Eragaria Viridis , The Green
Strawberry. 7. Eragaria minima vefca , fixe Stern
Us , The Wild, or Barren Strawberry.

The Descriptions.

III. The firft, or Wood-Strawberry. The De -
feription of this Plant is the general Defcription cf
all the Kinds , the material or chief difference being
in the E'orm of the Emit : Its Root then is reddijb
and long , with feveral fmall Eibres or Threads at it :
which fends forth from the head thereof long red-
dijh Strings, running upon the Ground , which fhoe/t
forth Leaves in many places , by which it is much
incrcafcd. Its Leaves are clofed together at firft
Springing forth , which afterwards fpreai tliem-
felves into three divided Parts or Leaves , every
one ft an ding upon a fmall IcngEootftalk, green on the
upper fide, grayijh underneath , and fnipped or den-
ted about the edges : from among which , rife up
fmall Stalks, bearing four or five F lowers at the
tops, confifttng of five white round pointed Leaves ;
Something yellowijh in the bottom, with fome yellow
threads therein : After which, come the Emit , made
cf feveral Jmall Grains fet together , in a Elefhy
Sub fiance ( not much unlike in fubftance to a Mul-
berry, R.tfpberry or Bramblebcrry ;) which are very
red when they are ripe, and of a pleafant Winy
tafte, ( eu an all the Kinds ) in which are enclofed
many fmall blackijh Seed. The Berries of the Wood
Kind are very red, andthe fmalleft of all the forts.

Strawberry Garden Red.

IV. The fecond, or Garden-Strawberry, (which
is our moft Common Kind. This according to the
Opinion of Parkinfon, is only the Wood-Plant TranJ-
planted into our Gardens , where by the richnefs of

the

Chap. 6 7 2 . Englijh Herbs „

1 1

the Soil it Is advanced, in Goodnefs , being full a*
red , if not redder aln/ofi ns large again , and alfo
'meliorated in its Winy Taffy.

V. The third, or great white Strawberry. This
is a very large Strawberry , extreamly blefhy, and
of an admirable Taffe , and for Beauty fur pages all
others : Parkinfon fays, that he had feen Jome of
the Berries meafured , which had been near five
Inches about . / have J'een them of an extraordinary
bignefs , admirable to behold. I am apt to believe ,
that this is the Jo much admired V irginia kind,
which 1 have feen grow to an admirable perfection in

Strawberry White Great.

the Gardens in Carolina, exceeding any that everl
faw in England. It has been no long Inhabitant
with us, being fir ft brought hither from Bohemia.
At firft for want of Skill in managing it, it viry
rarely bore any bruit ■, but now, if Planted in a
good Ground, it bears in a vafi plenty. Formerly
a Gardiner ( one Vincent Sion,) living by the Bank-
Side, near the old Paris Garden-Stairs, laid that
from /even Roots, in one Tear and a half, front their
increafe, he had FI anted an Acre and a half of
Ground , bcftJes ihofe which he gave away to his
Friends, which bore Strawberries of that Magnitude
or Great nefs before mentioned. If you would have
them bear kindly, you mug not fuff er them to grow
with many Strings, but ft ill cut them away. The
Fruit of this diff ers not from the Garden red, but
in its Magnitude , this being fo very much bigger,
and not fo globular, but of a more Oval Form -, and
in its Color, it being much whiter , viz. of a yellow -
ifh Wlsite on one fide, and enclining to rednefs on
the other, when it is full ripe.

VI. The fourth, or Green Strawberry. It dif-
fers not from the fecond kind, or Garden Straw-
berry j bui in its bruit only, which is green on all

Jidcs when it is ripe, except on the Sunny fide, where
it is a little red, or reddifh 5 and in Magnitude is
much equal to t he fecond or Garden kind.

or Wild, or Barren Strawberry.
Its ' Root is like the former, and in its Leaf much
like to the firfi Wood kind, but differs in its Flower
[if it has any ) which is Green, bearing rather a
Jmall head of green Leaves, many fet thick together
like unto a double Ruff, inthemidfi of which fiands
the bruit, which when ripe, Jhews it f elf to be f oft
and fomething reddifh, like unto a Strawberry, but
with many fmall harmlefs prickles on them , which
may be eaten and chewed in the Mouth , without any
manner of hurt , and is pie af ant like a Strawberry *
but it is truly without any great Sapor Juice, and a
little Styptick or harfh upon the Tafte. It is no great

Strawberry Barren or Wild.

Bearer, but tliofe it iocs bear , are fet at the taps of
the Stalks clofe together , pleafant to behold ; ani
which a Gentlewoman may wear in her Bofom as a
rarity, inftead of a blotter.

VIII. Gerard fays, Its Roots and Leaves are like
the others , but fomewhat left, its Leaves fofter
flight ly indented about the edges, and of a light green
color : Among which, rife up f lender Stems, bear-
ing fuch Flowers as the common Strawberry does
but leffer which wither away, leaving behind a bar-
ren or chaffy head , in Jhape like a Strawberry s but
of no worth or value.

IX. T he P laces. The firft grows in Woods both
in England and America upon Hills, Vallies
Woody and Shadowy places-. But the four firft
kinds are Inhabitants in our Gardens, all which I
have feen grow admirably in Carolina, exceeding
in Beauty, Largenefsand Pleafanrnefs, any I ever
faw grow in England. The Barren kind is a Wild
fort, and has been found growing (as Gerard fays,)
on Black-heath, Greenwich-Far k, &c, but for its ra-
rity has been brought into Gardens,

1 e

X, Tic

1 1 1 ^ Salmon 's HerbaL Lib* L

x. The Times. The Leaves are Laid to conti-
nue Green all the Year: In the Spring they fpread
farther with their Strings, and Flower in Me}, the
Berries being lipe in June and July. The Barren
one Flowers in April and May, but never bears
any Edible Fruit.

XI. The Qualities. The Roots , Leaves and
Berries whillt green, are cold and dry in the firft
Degree, but the Roots more than the Leaves.
Abfterfive, Ailringent, Arthritick and Vulnerary.
The ripe Berries are temperate in refpefil to heat or
cold, and modi: in the firft Degree : Cool the
Blood, Liver and Spleen, Comfortative and Cor-
dial.

XII. The Specification. The Leaves and unripe
Berries flop Fluxes and Catarrhs, cool the heat of
Fevers, heal Ulcers in the Mouth, Throat, and
Tonfilsj and flop the Courfes in Women.

Xlil The Preparations. Of the Roots, Leaves,
and Green Berries are made, i. A Liquid Juice.
2. A Decoffion in Wine or Water. 3. A Lotion
or Gargarifm. 4. A Difiilled Water. 5. AnOph-
thalmick. 6. The Ripe Berries. 7. A Syrup of
the fame. 8. A Difiilled Water from the fame.

T he Virtues .

XIV. The Liquid Juice. Taken to the quan-
tity of 7, or 4 Spoonfuls or more, either mixed
with the Svrup of the ripe Berries, or with a little
Mutton Broth, Morning and Night, it cools the
Blood and Liver, allays Incarnations of the Reins
and Bladder, provokes Urine, takes away the heat,
fharpnefs and Raiding thereof*' (tops Womens
Courfes and the Bloody Flux, and di Ruffes the
Tumour or Swelling of the Spleen. Applyed to
the Gums it fattens loofe Teeth, Hops Catarrhs,
or Defluxions of Rheum to the Mouth, Throat,
Teeth, and other parts •, and is Angular good for
hot, red, and inflamed Eyes, being dropt into
them: As alfo to repeil hot, red, and fharp Hu-
mors or Eruptions in the Skin, whether Face,
Hands or other parts ^ and to take away rednefs
of the Face, Spots or other Deformities of the
Skin.

XV. The Deco ft ion of Roots , Leaves , or unripe
fruit in Water and Wine. It has all the former
Virtues, being ufed in the fame manner, and may
be taken to half a Pint at a time Morning and
Night.

XVI. The Lotion or Gargarifm. Take of the
Liquid Juice or DecoUion a Pint , Honey three or
four Ounces : Spirit of Wine two Ounces , mix and
dijfolve. It cleanfes and heals foul Hirers in the
Mouth, Throat, Privities or other parts, heals
Ulcerated and fpungy Gums, and fallens loofe
Teeth.

XVII. Tf)e Difiilled Water of the fame Roots ,
Leaves and Berries. It is good for hot and infla-
med Eyes, rednefs of the Face and Skin, and other
Deformities of the fame* hot Eruptions of the
lame, Anthonies Fire, Lfc.

XVIII. The Ophthalmick. Take oj the former
Difiilled Water a .Pint, Honey three Ounces ,
Spirit of Wine two Ounces •, mix and diffolve.
Dropt into the Eyes 3 or 4 times a Day, it is
good againfl: an Ophthalmy, rednefs, inflamation, :
and hot Rheums in the Eyes.

XIX. The Ripe Berries. They cool a hot and
choferick Stomach as alfo the Blood, Liver and
Spleen: quench Thirft, and refrefh weak and ;
Fainting Spirits.

XX. The Syrup of the fame Berries < It has all

the lame Virtues, and may be given two or three
Ounces at a time upon Occafion.

XXI. The Difiilled Water of the ripe Berries.
It is a Cofmetick for the Skin, good againfl Fe-
vers, and Inflamations of the Eyes * Anthonies
Fire, and other like hot Eruptions * Melancholy,
Faintings and Palfions of the Heart.

CHAP. DCLXXIII.

Of SUCCORY Garden
and Wild.

I. qp/ZE A .me:. It is called in Greek by That

_L ophraftus , Ktyafir, : alfo Sian

(which lafl Greek Name fignihes Endive as well
as Succory : ) in Latine, Cicbonum , alfo Ciehoreum
or Ci char ea, as Horace has it Lib. 1. Ode 31.

Ale pajeunt Oliva,

Me Cicborea, levefque malvs.

It is alfo called in Latin Intubum, but that is the
mote proper Name (in my Opinion) lor Endive :
and in Englifh Succory and Cicbory.

II. The Kinds. There are i. K
Cicborium Hortenfe , Garden Succory. 2. Cicbonum
flore nibcl/o. Red Howered Cichoiy or Succory.
3. Cicborium Sylvejlre, £ EsewWfi Cicho-
rium agrcfle , vel crraticum ; Ambugia , P/inij
Lib. 22. Cap. 8. or rather Ambubeia according to
Celfus , and fome truer Copies ; Wild Cichory or
Succory.

T be Defcriptionf.

Ill The firft, or Garden Succory. Its Root is
tough, long and white,, continuing many Tears ; from
which, as alfo from evety part, does ijfue forth
when cut or broken, a bitter Milky Juice, It is

Succory Garden , Broad Leaved.

of

Chap. 673. Englijh Herbs. u 1 5

of two forts , the one with broad Leaves , the other
with narrow Leaves deeply cut or g'afht in 6n both
J ides . The firft with broad Leaves is fomething
like unto Endive, but narrower , among which rife
up Stalks , on which grow the like Leaves but J mai-
ler. The Stalk divides its felf towards the top in-
to many Branches , on which do grow J'mall blew
blowers conftfling of many J'mall Leaves , after which
follows the Seed •, which is fo like to Endive-Seed,
that it is very hard to diflinguifh them afunder by
Sight -9 but the Curled Endive gives blackifh flat
Seed , very like unto black Lett ice Seed ^ whereas
the Seed of the Garden Succory is whitifh.

IV. The fecond, or red Flowered Succory. This
is that with the narrow Leaves. Its Root is like
the former, long, white , and abiding many Tears.
The Leaves are long , and more divided or gafht in
on the edges and yet longer in the tall , high , round

Succory Garden Narrow Leaved.

Stalks. The Flowers are like the former , with this
only difference , that thefe are of a pale red de-
cayed color , which many times degenerates , and
turns to be blew , being produced from the Seed of
this red Kind. Of this fort , there is one alfo
which bears white Flowers , not differing elfe , but
the Seed of this white Kind , as spell cut of the red
Kind , will fometimes give blew flower’d Plants,
and is inform like to the Seed of the broad leav’d
Garden Succory.

V. The third, or Wild Cichory or Succory.
Its Root is white , but more hard and woody than
the former. It has divers long Leaves lying up-
on the Ground , very much cut in or torn on the
edges on both fldes , even to the middle rib , ending
in a Point. Sometimes it is found to have a red
Rib or Vein down the middle of the Leaves , from
among which , rifes up a hard , round , woody Stalk ,
fpre adding into many Branches , fetwith f mailer and

Succory Wild .

lefs divided Leaves on them , up to the tops , where
fltmd the Flowers, both for Form and Color like to
the JirJl Garden Kind, viz. blew, after which comes
like fajhion’d Seed.

VI. The P laces. The firft two grow with us
only in Gardens ; but the fecond fort has been
found growing wild in Italy, and that with white
Flowers Wild in Germany. The third is found
growing Wild in many places in England, in wafte,
untill’d and barrenGrounds.

VII. The Times. They are all Sown in the
Spring, and quickly come up, Flowering in the
Summer Months, and Seeding in Auguji or Har-
veft time, and then dies down ; but being Sown
in July , it remains till Winter s at which time
it is taken up by the Roots, and laid in the Sun
or Air for the fpace of two Hours : after which
time it will be rough, and may be wrapped up in
a heap, and buried in the Earth with the Roots
upwards, fo as no Earth can get within it (which
if it fhould, it would become rotten : ) and being
thus covered, it may be taken up again, when
occaiion for its ufe requires it ; and fo to be ufed
in Sallees all the Winter, and then is called
whitned Succory. Farkinfon fays, it is ufually
buried a while in Sand,, and fo grows white, by
which means it becomes both more tender in the
Eating, and alfo loofes fome part of its bitter-
nefs.

VIII. The Qualities. Succory is temperate in
refpetl to heat or cold, or rather hot in the be-
ginning of the firft Degree, and drying in the
fame ; Aperitive, Abfterfive, Diuretick, and a
little Binding ; Stomatick, Hepatick, Splenetick
and Nephritick.

IX. The Specification, Preparations, Virtues
and Ufes, are altogether the fame with thofe of
Endive, in Chap 244. Self. IX. ad XVIII. to which
we refer you. But as Succory is lefs cold, and
mote drying than Endive, fo it is more opening.

7 C 2 X. The

1 1 1

Salmons Herbal. Lib: 1.

X. The Dccottion of Roots or Leaves , in Wine
or Water, drank every Morning fitting to a
Pint more or lefs, expels Flegmatick and Chole-
rick Humors out cf the Stomach and Bowels-,
opens the Obftru&ions of Liver, Spleen, Gall,
Reins and Womb; and is profitable againft the
yellow Jaundice, heat of the Reins, fharpnels and
Raiding of Urine : It prevails alio againft the Ca-
chexia, or evil Difpofition of the Body, Dropfies,
Weaknefs by long Sicknets, and inveterate or
lingering and long continued Agues ; Peftilential
Fevers, Fainting, Swooning, and other Pufiions of
the Heart.

XI. The Juice or Effence have all the former
Virtues, and befides being outwardly applyed,
abate Infiamations in any part, chiefly in the Eyes;
are profitable againft Anthonies Fire, Wheals,
Pimples, or other Breakings out ; Peftilential
Sores, being mixed with Wine Vinegar and fo ap-
plyed. Dofe a quarter of a Pint, more or lei's
Morning and Night, either alone, or mixt with
any fit Vehicle.

XII. The Difiilled Water. All the former Vir-
tues are aferibed to ir, but in a much meaner or
lower Degree. It is good for fore Eyes, being red
or inflamed ; and for Nurfes lore Breafts, which
are hard and pained thro’ abundance of Milk.

XIII. The Wild Succory , as it is more bitter, fo
it is more Opening and Abfterfive, and alfo a
greater ftrengthener of the Stomach, Liver, and
other Bowels.

CHAP. DCLXXIV.

Of SUCCORY Baftard.

I. HE Karnes. It is called in Greek, K i%twv
jL v'oQgv: in Latine, Cichorium Kothum , and
Cichorium Sylvefire floribus luteis ; Pfeudo Cicho-
ria : and in English, Bajlard Succory.

II. The Kinds. Out of the great Number
which Authors have prefented us with, wejhall
only give you the feven following, viz. i. Cicho-
rium Luteum Gerardi & Tabernsmqntani ; pra-
tenfe luteum ; Hieracium pratenfe afperum Gcfne-
ri - Intubus Sy he (iris five Cichorium Sylvefire flore
luteo Tbalij ; Cichoria Tertia fiore luteo Tragi ;
LaUuriola altera Ctefalpini , Rough yellow, or
Baftard Succory. 2. Cichorium pratenfe luteum ,
Hedypnois dittum -, Cichorium pratenfe luteum
Lxvius Baubini Lobelij ; Hedypnois Plinij ;
Aphaca Theophrafii ; Endivia Sylvcjiris Cafal pi-
nt ; Tens Leonis Cichorizcta Gerardi ; Smooth
Yellow or Baftard Succory o 3. Cichorium dulce
Keapolitanum ; Sonchus latifolius leviter hirfutus
Baubini ; Cichorium Sylvefire afperum «faixefr» foe,
Cichorium Dulce ; Sweet Yellow, or Baftard Suc-
cory of Naples. 4. Cichorium Montanum ajpe-
rum ; Hieracium nonum , vcl Hieracium Intuba-
ceurn afperum Tabernamontani , Hieracium afperum
Gerardi , Our Rough Mountain Succory. 5. Ci-
chorium tomentofum fatidum ; ftronger ill Rented
hoary Succory. 6. Cichorium Verrucarium Mat-
thioli ; Zacyntha Clufij & Mat thick ; Verrucaria
Seridis fpecies Gefneri ; Chondrilla Verrucuria
foljis Intubaceis viri dibits ; Chondrilla fpecies Ca-
filpini , Wart Succory. 7. Hypocbtns Porcellia ,
Cichorium Porcinum ; Hieracium minus dent is Leonis
fubajpero Baubini ; Swines Succory.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firft, or Rough Yellow, or Baftard
Succory. Its Root ts bard, rough, and ufelefs.
It 1m longer ani rougher Leaves than thofe of the
jonner Wild Succory ; in one fort with few or no
Luts at all ; in others like unto it, with deep Cu's
and. Dm, pons. The Stalks rife up to be 5 or 4
loot high, rough and crcUed, divided into feveral
Branches, with J. mailer Leaves on them and lefs
jagged i bearing [mail yellow flowers tike unto an
Hawkweed, at the end of every one ; which when
they are ripe turn into Down with a Jmall long yel-
lowifl) Seed fa fined thereto, and are both carried
away with the Wind.

IV. The fecorid, or fmooth Yellow, or Baftard

Succory. Its Root ,s long, pretty thick, taper,
with feveral fibres, ani full of a bitter Milk.
It hat long and large Leaves as fmoorh Succory
but of a whiter green Color, cut in on the edges
but not fo much nor fo deep at the former. The
Stalks r fe not up fo high, nor are fo much branch-
ed, and the Leaves on them are lefs cut in and
towards the, ops little or nothing at all. The green
Heads which fiand at the tops of the Branches are
greater, and the Blowers which fpring out of them
are larger and more double , fomething like thofe of
Dandelion, of a yellow Color , which turn into
Down and the Seed therewith are blown awav
with the Wind. y

V. The third or Sweet Yellow, or Baftard
Succory of Naples. It s Root is long andblackifb on

ani W,,,tc mi,h'n ! > f“U of a f wee t
Milk (without any Bitternefs at all) as is alfo the
reft of the Riant, that it will grow hard like a
loum ,f „ be not rubbed away, but fuffered to
tibiae for fome [mall time. This in the form and.
Owifions Of the .Leaves, is very hke unto the
ujua Wild Succory, yet not fo deeply gajht, but
thicker in Jeehng , covered with a fine [oft hai-
r'"efsi rnl rough at all, and of a dark green Color.
1 he Stalk rifes up to be two feet or more high
round, firm, ani ahitijh, becaufe of the hoarinefs
thereon •, fometimes breaking out into Branches
towards the topy fet with Jhortcr, fomewhat broader
and more divided Leaves than below, clofing the
Stalks at the bottoms ; having at their tops green
Hairy Heads or Husks, and gold yellow flowers in
long hairy Husks, like unto the Hawkweeds ■
which growing greater when they are ripe con-
tain within them fmall long brownifh Seed ’ with
a fine white Down on them, both which are carried
away with the Wind.

VI. The fourth, or our Rough Mountain Suc-
cory. Its Root confifls of many long Strings, which
fends forth feveral long narrow Leaves next the
Ground, very fharply denied about the edges, but
pot divided or cut in at all, and rough alfo allirver
from among which, rifes up a Stalk branched forth
with fitch like Leaves fet thereon, and divers large
double yellow flowers at the tops, very like to
thofe of Dandelion, which turn into Down as the
refi , and blown aioay with the Wind.

VII. The fifth, or itrong ill Rented hoary Suc-
cory. It has a pretty long thick Root, which
fends forth feveral weak , round, hairy or hoary
Stalks * about two feet high or more, having divers
large long hairy or hoary Leaves next the Ground
deeply gajht in on both fides, not much unlike Suc-
cory Leaves , parted into many Branches, with lef-
Jer Leaves thereon than thofe below, and lefjer
cut in alfo : at the tops of which Branches, fiani

many

Chap. 675.

many pale yellow Flowers in green Husks , much
like to Groundfel, which quickly fade in like man-
ner, turning into Down , which with the ' Seed is
carried away with the Wind. This Plant has a
prong ill Smell , which is yet more in the hotter
times oj the Tear , from whence came the Epithite ,
l;cetidum.

VIII. The fixrhPRr Wart Succory. Its Root is
fmall and flringy. dying every Tear after Seed
time , and never abiding a Winter , unlefs it fprings
up from the Seed in Autumn. It fprings up , and
fpreads out fever al long , and fomewhat hairy green
Leaves next the Ground , cut or divided on the
edges into deep Dents , but not deep Gafhes , fome-
t hi rig refembling Succory Leaves. The Stalks are
Jl raked, and divide themfelves into fome Icfj'er
Branches , with a fmall long Leaf at every Joint
broad below , and encompajfing it at bottom. The
Flowers grow fever ally at the Tops and upper
'joints of the Branches , upon fhort Foot ft a Iks, be-
ing Jot all and yellow, compofcd if many fmall yel-
low Leaves, broad pointed , and nickt in, which
turn not into Down as the former forts do • but
into fmall round and flat hard Heads , parted at
the Brims into fever a! Bunches or Knobs, like unto
Warts, with a little Tujt or Crown in the middle
in each Knob or Wart whereof, is contained a Ker-
nel or Seed.

IX. The feventh, or Swines Succory. It has a
fmall and long Root , Jrom whence fpring forth fe-
ver al long and rough Leaves lying on the Ground ,
fmaller at the bottom , and broader towards their

Swines Succory.

enjs unevenly tamed or dented on the edges. The
St dlls are dhuic rough , J. lender and bare of Leaves
ff renting out into Jeveral long Stalks , about 6 or
B Inches high , bearing every one a large yellow
Mower, like unto Hawkweed. This Plant Park-
infon will have to be a Species of the Hawkweeds,
but Gerald and Johnfon, account it among the num-

ber of the Succories. There is another of tbr.
Jot l, wboje Leaves are Jmooth and narrower, dif-
fering but lut/e m any thing elfe.

X. The Places. The hill, fecond and fourth
are many times found in our Meadows and other
mtnit Grounds. The fifth is often found in Sundv
Grounds and hy V.' cods and Hedge fides. The
i tie third Columna found growing on Hills in rhe
Kingdom of Apples ; and the fixth is faid to grow
!n , Zacyntha , from which places they

have been brought to us, and are nurft up in our
Gardens. The feventh growsabroad in the Fields

oK Eng/Ilf Grounds and Lanes in ^rs places

XL The Times. They all Flower and Seed a-
bout the fame rime with the other Succories • ex-
the reft feC°nii’ Flowers earlier than all

^e Qualities, Specif cation. Preparations
and Virtues ot thefe, are the fame with thofe of
our Common Suuhry, to which you are referred,
lhis is alfo to be noted, that in Naples and other
parts of 1/ a/r, the Neapolitan kind is ufed inftead
of the True Succory, it being very like to it in
its form.

Xlll The II art Succory. Authors fay it is ve-
ry good for the Curing or taking away ot Warts.
And this they lay it does, by eating the Herb as a
Sailer ; or by taking at Bed-time a Dram of the
Seed m ! order in White-Wine, for certain Days
together ; lo alfo the Ponder of the Leaves given
to a Dram 111 che fame manner. Burl think there
isnot inuch in all this; if there beany Virtue of
Ihis Kind in this Plant, it will be bed manifefted
and mottly exert its power in that kind, bv an
external Application to the parts affeOed, after
mis manner. Take the expreffed Juice of the
riant , and hearitalmollfcalding hot, with which
barn the nans ^ or 4 times a day or ofener, let-
ting it dry in after every time of Bathing; and
continue this lb long till the Warts arewalled away.
Hus lays Pena, will certainly extirpate them, as
he and divers others had found by Experience.

I he laid Juice being taken in Wine, is faid to be
helpful alio againlt the biting of mad Dogs.

CHAP. DCLXXV.

Of SUCCORY Gum.

1. HP H E Names. It is called in Arabick, Can-

S dare/, Cadaron i, and Amiron : in Greek
'f'jSeoois in Latino^ Chondrilla : and in Fugthii
Gum Succory.

II. The Kinds. Authors make thirteen or four-
teen loris thereof, mod of which are perfeQ Stran-
gers to us. We (lull only treat of fuch as are
fometimes Nurft up in oiir Gardens, which are
the four following, i. Chonirilla prior legitima
Dwfcondis Jecundum C/ufum ; Chondrilla Greca
Tabernamont am ; Chondrilla folijs Cichorei tomen-
tojis s The true Gum Succory of Diofcorides-. fome
fays, Diofcorides called it Cicborion, and fome
Sens .- and for that the Leaves were like untoS«c-
cory, they accounted it, a kind of Wild Succory

2. Chondrilla Caru/ea, five purpurea Tabernst-
montant -. Chondrilla Cerulea Bdgarum Lobelii -
Chondrilla altera Dodonai ■ Chondrilla frinta Ci-
chono jimihs Corii, and Chondrilla tenera-, Chon-
drilla

fee?

iii8 Salmon s

drilla c&rulea fore Camerarij ■, A pate Dalechampij
Lugduncnfe Cbondrilla c&rulea altera Cichorij
Sylvefrii fo/ijs Bauhini Purple Flowerd Gum
Succory, or Succory with deep jagged Leaves.
3. Cbondrilla c&rulea latifolia Cbondrilla c&rulea
latifolia Laciniata • Cbondrilla prim a Lacuna ;
Broad Leav’d Purple Gum Succory. 4. Chondril-
la Scfamoides diila, Sefamoidcs parvunt Mattbioli ,
Camerarij , Column a U? Taber n&mont an i (but

Columna thinks it may be Cyanus Plinij ■ ) Seja-
moides parva Diofcoridis Lobelia -, Cbondrilla ter *
[pecks Dodon.f i ■, Catenance quorundam Lt/gdu-
nenfis ; (Baubinus makes two forts of this Species,
calling the firft Cbondrilla c&rulea Cyani c apt lulu-,
and the other, Cbondrilla c&rulea Cyani Capitu/is
altera : ) Strange Gum Succory.

The Descriptions.

III. The firft , or true Gum Succory of
Diofcorides. Its Root is of a Lingers tbickncfs ,
blackif) on the out fide, with fame Librcs adjoining
to it, and parted at the top into fome Heads, which
fend forth Leaves, Sic till it is full of Juice ,
which is yellowijh when it is dry. It bar many long ,

Succory Cum True of Diofcorides.

and fometbing broad hoary Leaves lying upon the
Ground , covered with a thick Down, cut in on the
edges, fometbing like tbofe of Succory : From a-
mong which , rifes up an hoary Stalk a Foot or more
high, parted into a few Branches ivith fmaller and
narrower Leaves fet withopt order, on which are
fometimes found yellowifh Grains like unto fmall
pieces of Gum, 1 ohich grow quickly to be hard.
At the tops of the Branches J} and ftngly yellow
Flowers like tbofe of Camomil, which when they
are ripe turn into Down, and with the Seed are
carried away with the Wind.

IV. The fecond, or Pu’p’e Flower’d Gum Suc-
cory, or Gum Succory with deep jagged Leaves.

Herbal Lib. I.

Its Root grows deep down into the Ground, and
fpread into many thick Branches like Dandelion,
blackijl) on the out fide, and yielding much Milk in
every part when broken or cut ■, which are fo apt
to grow , that every little piece in the Ground will
fpring again , and bear Leaves. It J hoots forth in

•

Succory Gum Fur pie F lower d.

the beginning of the Spring , fever al long winged,
or rather jagged Leaves -, conffling of many long
and narrow jaggs , cut in on both fides to the mid-
dle Rib , and equally ft a! mo ft one again fl another,
of a blewifh green color , very tender, and full of
Milk .when broken or cut. From among which ,
rife up weak and tender Stalks 3 or 4 Feet high ,
fcarce able to Jland upright, very brittle alfo, and
apt to be broken , and as full of Milk as the Leaves,
which divides it f elf towards the tops into a few
other fmaller Branches , with fmaller and lefs
jagged Leaves upon them at the top of which grow
fmall blewifh Purple Flowers, and fometimes white,
confining of ten or twelve fmall narrow Leaves,
fan ding round about the middle, which when they
are ripe, fall away of themflves.

V. The third, or Broad Leav’d Purple Gum
Succory. This Gum Succory is very like the for-
mer in every refpeft, faving that in this, the Leoves
are fometbing broader and fhorter, and the GaJh-
es alfo larger ; in which particulars, the chief
difference conffts.

VI. The fourth, or Strange Gum Succory.
The Root is fmall and long, yielding a Milky
Juice. It has many long and narrow rough Leaves ,
pointed at the ends, and jagged in two or three
places on the edges , fometimes more or lefs , lying
on the Ground, rejembling very much the Leaves uf
Coronopus, or Buckshorn Plantane *, but with few-
er , greater , and longer cuts or jaggs. The
branched Stalks are Jet from their middle , with

fuch

Chap. 6j6. EngUJh Herbs.

1 1 1

9

fuel) like Leaves, but narrower, fome without any
jagg, and fame with but one or two jaggs ; bearing
at every one of their tops, upon Jlender bare long
Stalks ,j a fmall ahitifh Silver like fcaly Head ;
out of which break forth fair double blowers, con-
piling of many Parplifh blew Leaves, dentedor cut
in at the broad ends, with fome yellow threads in
the middle-, after which comes fmhllSeed, like un-
to Sefamum being compared, ( whence the Name
Sefamoides ) but more like to a Cyanus or blew
Bottle, or Corn flower, but browner .. Bauhinus
makes two forts (as afore faid) of this Plant, which
vary not much one from another, their difference
being very probable to arife from the differing Soils
in which they are found growing, the like of which
has been found in many other Herbs , which yet
have been but 'one and the fame Species.

VII. The Places. The firft grows Wild in fe-

veral places in Spain ; the other grows Wild alfo
In wafte Grounds by Ditch-fidesand by Path-ways,
in Fields and Failures in feveral parts of Italy ;
but with us they are only Nurft up (by the Curi-
ous) in Gardens. , ■

VIII. The Times. They allFlowetin the§um-
mer Months, and yield their Seedjn a (horn ti{nc
after -, but .are fo tender, that tljep foon perilh
with our Winters Cold.

IX. The Qualities, Specification , Preparations
and Virtues of thefe, are Did to be the lame with
thofe of our Common Succory. The (irlFo’f thele
is of the fame property with Wild Suifory, but
more bitter, and mote drying, and i s thereby more
effeftual in opening Obftruftions ; and By, its dry-
ing and allringent Qualities, it l'tops thf Loofe-
nels 6f the Bowels, the Juice of the Root being
taken in Wine. The Juice of the Root or Herb,
drank is good againlt the biting of Vipers, and all
other Venomous Serpents ; it lengthens the Sto-
mach, and helps Digcllion. It is laid, the Juice
of the Root dropt from the point of a Skewer, or
fome fuch fmall thing, upon the Roots of’the
Hair on the Eye brows, Forehead, &c. takes them
away, and hinders their growing again ; but of
this I know nothing by Experience. The fame
Juice with fame Nitre diffolved in it, being Ba-
thed upon the Skin, is faid to take away Freckles,
Lentil Is, Tanning, Sun-burning, and other dif-
colorings thereof ; as alfo Scurf, Morphew, Spots,
Pimples, (Sfc. Injefted up the Womb, it alfo
draws down the Courfes.

X. The fecond and third are alfo of the fame
Virtues with our Common Garden Succory, and in
Italy they ate faid to be eaten in their Sailers, as
we do our Succory here. We have no Authorwho
gives any fpecial Inttance of their Virtues, but
only they are referred to the Kindred of the
Succories.

CHAP. DCLXXVI.

ournors make two or three
forts hereof, viz. 1 . Ros Solis, Jive Rorella rotun-

th rZ\r,°r-urn°r’ LKou”d-Leav’d Sun-Dew,
which they will have to be both greater and leffer.

Sun Dew^ SyIve^ns lo"TT>l‘«s, Long Leav’d

The Defcriptionr,

III. The firft, or round Leav’d Sun-Dew. It-
Root conflfts only of a few fmall Hairs, f ibres or
1 breads-, which Jends up divers fmall round hol-
low Leaves Something greenijh, but full fe.
veral red Hairs, which make them feem to look

lu/ZV' Lc,“f Us own K wtfialk,

reddjjh harry hkewfe ; the Leaves have this won-
derful property, that they are continually moifl

% c i.Dea th\ : ho,,cfi iay-i yea> boner

the Sun (bines upon them the moiflerthey are ■ and
even at Noon-time ike Hairs will be full of drops
of ■Lew, more efpecial/y if the Sun Jbines ftrongh
and clearly out s which is with a certain Slim'
nejs which will rife, or draw out as it were into
i.tv) ’ 1>e fmall Hairs always holding this
Motjlure- from among thefe Leaves fpring up
(about a Month after them) fmall fender Stalks
about 4 Inches high, whiepare reddijh alfo, bearing
feveral white knobs one above another, which are
the powers, of a whitifh color, after which in the
beads are contained certain fmall Seed. Some
Authors make a greater and leffer of this Species,
which is the only difference or variety.

San -Dew round heavd,
and long heav’d.

Of S U N - D E W.

0 R,

ROS SOLIS.

L np H E Names. It has no Greek Name that
X we know of; but it is called in Latin, Ros
Solis ; Rorella , and Rorida by Label 5 and by fome
Salfirora : and in Englifh, Sun-Dew, and alfo cor-
ruptly, Rofa Solis v

H ■ The fecond, or Long - Leav’d . Sun-Dew
Ibis in , ts Roots, Stalks, flowers. Seed, Hew, and
formalities of growing, differs not from the former,
but omy in its Leaf, which is much larger and alfo
long with all. J

we, pS" F,mfr Th'y uru-al,-v grow in B°SS ^.i

wet Places, and fometimes in moift Woods • as
alfo m Defert Sandy and Sunny Places, bur ’yet
watery withall ; and feldom any where elfe than
amongft white Moorifh Mofs/ which grows on
the Ground, as alfo on Boggs. The lecond has
been found growing, near Dublin in Ireland -. It

alfo

ii20 Salmons HerbaL Lib, I,

alio grows by Ellefmere in Shrepjbire , by the
ways tides thereabouts.

VI. The Times- They are faid to blower m

June, at which time the'Leaves are in belt condi-
tion to be gathered. Gerard fays they Flourilh in
Summer, and Flower in A\ay and June and are
to be gathered when the Weather is Calm, Dry,
and Serene. ■ , .

VII. The Qualities. They are hot and dry m
the tuft degree. Aperitive, Altringenr, Peftoral,
Cordial and Reiterative.

VIII. The Specification. It is profitable againlt
Catarrhs, and Salt Rheums falling upon the Lungs,
Coughs, (liortnefs of Breath, difficulty of Breath-
ing, Althma:s ; and is faid to cure Phthificks or
Confutnptions of the Lungs : It is Cordial, good
againlt Sicknefs at Stomach, Paintings, Swoon-
ings, Palpitation of the Heart, Lfc.

IX. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, i. A Simple Dijlillei Water, i. A Com-
pound DiftH/ed Water. 3- A more SimpleT injure.
4. A Compound TinJure, commonly called Rofa
Solis. 5. A Cataplafm.

The Virtues,

the clear TinSuri into another G/aJs , and add there '
to of double or treble refined Sugar three Pounds ;
mist, dijjolve, and keep it for ujc. It is a Noble
Tincture, and has all the Virtues Of the former
Preparations ; and being of a drying, binding and
ftrengthning Quality, is appropriated to the
Lungs ; and therefore of excellent ufe againlt all
Difeafes of that Bowel , as alfo of the Heart,
Midriff, Mefenrery, Inreftines and Womb. Dofe
a Spoonful or lefs, Morning and Night, in a
Glals ef Wine, or other fit Liquor, with which
it may be mixed.

XIV. The Cataplafm. It is made of the whole
Plant beaten to a Fulp, adding alfo a little Salt.
Being applyed to the Skin, it is faid to exulcerate
and raife Blitters.

CHAP. DCLXXVII.

Of S U N - F L O W E R.

' of Fern,

X. The Simple Diftil/ed Water. Both Gerard
and Parkinjon tell you that if it be made with a
Glafs Alembick’ or Still, the Water will be ot a
Gold yellow Colour. It is (harp, quick, drying,
and binding good for fuch as are troubled with
Catarths , Rheums, Coughs, Colds, AMima’s,
Confumptions, and all other Difeafes ol the Lungs,
and heals Ulcers of the Lungs, comforts the Heart,
and is good againlt fainting of the Spirits. Do e
2 or 3 Ounces either alone or mixt with a little
Generous Wine.

XI. T he Compound Dtftil/ed Water. Take Ros
Solis a Pound, Bawm, Linton Peel, Orange Peels,
ana a quarter of a Pound, Winters Cinamon in
"profs Pouder , two Ounces ; While Lisbon Wine a
Quart, Alilk Water a Pint , mix, digejl a Week,
then dram off the Water in a Glafs Alembick in
Balneo to dnnefs. It has all the former Virtues,
but much more Cordial, and more prevalent againlt
Fainting and Swooning Fits, Quartans, Convulfi-
ons, Paifies, Lethargies, and the like Difeafes.

XII. The more fimplc TinJure. Take Ros
Solis frefh gathered a Pound, Bawm , Garden Scur-
vy Grafs, Garden Crcffes, of each a quarter of a
Pound-. Anifeeds,- Angelica Seeds grofiy bruifed,
of each 2 Ounces-, Saffron, Cochinele, the lad in
fine Pouder, of each 3 Drams : Spirit of Wine 3
Quarts : mix, digejl a Month in a gentle Sand
heat, (haling the Glafs once every day -, then let-
ting'all perfectly fettle, decant the clear TinJure:
and keep it in a Glafs c/ofeppt for ufe. It has
all the Virtues of either ot the former, ar.d a molt
potent thing again!! the Scurvy in a cold Habit of
Body. Dofe from one Dram to two Drams, in a
Glafs of Wine, or fome other proper Vehicle,
Morning, Noon and Night.

XIII. The more Compound TinJure, commonly
called R of a Sc/is. Take Ros Solis twelve hand-
full, red Rofe Leaves two handfuls, Liquorice
firutfed or feraped 4 Ounces ; Cinnamon, Red
Sanders , of each 3 Ounces: Anifeei, Coriander-
feed, A at megs, of each 1 Ounces , Cloves, Galanga,
Ginger , of each an Ounce ■, Calamus Aromaticus,
Cardamoms, Grains of Paradise, Zedoary , of each
a quarter of an Ounce , Spirit of Wine or choice
Brandy 3 Gallons , mix, make an Infufion for eight
days-, then being perfeJly fettled and fine, decant

I. 'T'/fE Names. It has no Greek name, yet
JL Authors call it P eruvianumfChry-

fanthemonPeruvianum-, lios Solis , Flos Maximus-,
Sol tniianus. Corona Solis : in Englifh, Sun-Flow-
er ; Golden Flower of Peru, and Marigold of
Peru.

II. The Kinds. Authors give us the knowledge
of two principal Kinds hereof, viz. 1. Cbryfan-
themum Peruvianum majus, Flos Solis major j The
greater Sun-Flower. 2. Chryfanthemum de Peru
minus , Flos Solis minor : The Letter Sun-Flower,
or Marigold of Peru.

The Defcriptions,

III. Thefirll, or Greater Sun- Flower, or Golden
Flower of Peru. Its Root is white , compatf of ma-
ny Strings , and firongly fafined in the Ground by
fome greater Roots branching out , and a number of
Jmall firings, which grow not deep, but keep under
the upper Crufi of the Earth , defiring much moi-
fiure, which dye every Tear at the Jirfi approach of
Winter and therefore mufi be new Sown every
Tear in the beginning of the Spring. It rifeth up
from the Seed, at Jirfi like unto a Pompion with
two Leaves 5 and after two or four more Leaves
arc come forth, it rifes up into a great Stalk, bear-
ing the Leaves at a due di fiance on all fides thereof,
one above another up to the very top, being fane-
times, and in fome places t 7 8 pmo Feet high ,
which Leaves fianding out from the Stem or Stalk,
upon their f ever al great ribbed Foofialks, dre very
large, broad below, and pointed at the end, round ,
hard, rough, of a fad green Color, and bending
downwards. At the top of the Stalk groins one
great, large , thick , and broad Flower, bowing down
the head unto the Sun, and breaking forth from a
great head, made of fcaly green Leaves, like un-
to a great fingle Marigold , having a border of ma-
ny long yellow Leaves, Jet about a great round
yellow thrum b, as it were in the middle, which are
very like unto fhort heads of Flowers , under every
one whereof, there is a Seed ', larger than any
Tbifile Seed, yet Jbmewhat like 5 alfo leffer and
rounder than any Gourd Seed , which are fet in

ft

times blackijh or gruyijh. The whole Plant and
every part thereof \ has a ftfong refinous Sjfnt
much like to that of Turpentine ; and the Heads
and middle parts of the flowers do oftentimes , (and
fmetimes the joints of the Stalks where the Leaves
Hand) (weat out a mfitbin, fine , and dear Kcjtn
or ^Turpentine, but in fmall quantity as it were
in drops in the hot and dry time of the leer, Jo
like both in Colour, Smell and Tafic, unto clear
Venice Turpentine, or Strasbutgh Turpentine, that

it cannot be known from it.

IV The fecond, or Leffer Sun-Flower, or Ma-
rigold of Peru. This in its Roots , Stalks , Leaves,
flowers Seed, Turpentine, and manner of its
trowing, is like the former, fave that it is altoge-
ther lower, the Leaves more jagged, and very few
in number. It is either without Branches, or with
many Branches, with a black or with a whte Seed ,
the form of the Leaves and flowers differing but
only in the greatnefs or fmallnefs, as has been
jufi now f aid. Gerard feems to make this to be
\l0f0li viz. r. The Male. 2. The Female.
I The Male kind he fays perijhcs in ‘flloot, as
foon as it has pcrfeSed its Seed , being thick hard,
and of a woody Jubilance, with many thready firings
annexed thereto, fr am wbt cbnjes up a gray or ruffet
Stalk five or fix Cubits high, and fometmes as thick

Country offstfi, for with us in England, it attains

Leaves. The thrumtned middle part is blacker tlxin
that of the firft or greater before Defcribed : And
the whole Flower is cncompajjcd about likewife with
divers fuch Rujfet Leaves , as they which grow low-
er upon the Stalks , but leffer and narrower. The
Plant and every part thereof fmells of Turpentine ,
and the Flower yields mo J} clear Turpentine. The
Seed is long and blacky with certain Lines or Streaks
of white running along the fame. II. The Female
kind has alfo a thick and zooody Root , from which
rifes up a freight Stem , dividing it je/f into one
or more Branches , fet with f/nooth Leaves , /harp
pointed , and /lightly indented about the edges.
The Flowers grow at the tops of the Branches , of a
faint yellow coloi\ the middle part being of a deeper
yellow , tending to blacknefs , of the form and /hape
of a fmgle Marigold, the Magnitude excepted.
This Plant fays another Author , /hoots out into ma-
ny Stems , and a great many Branches , requiring
very much room , fo that it is apt to choak other
Flowers which grow near it : For which reafon , when
it is arrived to a rcafonable height , and before it is
full green , it is to be dipt with a Garden pair of
Sciffars , to retrench thofe Branches which fpread too
much , and fuch as fhoot up too high.

V. Of the firft or Greater Sun-Flower at Se£l.
III. above, Gerard gives us another kind of De-
feription, which becaufe it is fomething remarka-
, ble, we will alfo give you here. Its Root (he fays)
7 D is

,1122

Salmon V Herbal Lib. I.

is white, compatt of warty Strings, which pcrifh at
■the fir'd approach of Winter. It is a Plant (Jays
he) of fuel) a nature and tallr.efs , that in one Sum-
mer, being Sown of a Seed in April, it roje up (in
his Garden) to the height of 14 feet where one
Flower was in weight three Pounds two Ounces and
crofs over thwart, the Flower was by meafure 16
Inches broad. The Stalks are upright and Jfraight,
of tire bignefs of a firong Mans Arm, befet with
large Leaves even to the top, like unto the Great
Burdock. At the top of the Stalk comes forth for
the moft part but one Flower, yet many tunes there
fpring out fucking Buds, but they come to no per-
fcflion. This great Flower is in Jhape like to a Ca-
tnomil Flower, befet round about with a pale, or bor-
der of goodly yellow Leaves, in fhapc like the
Leaves of the Flowers of White Lillys. The mid-
dle part of which, is made as it were of unfhorn
Velvet , or forne curious Cloth wrought with a
Needle : which brave Work if you do throughly
view, it fcems to be an innumerable fort of fmall
Flowers, refembling the nofe or nofle of a Candle-
flick broken from the Foot thereof -, from \wl)ich
fmall A ofle foe at s forth excellent fine ana'clcar
Turpentine, in Sight, Subfiance, Savor and Tafle.
The whole Flam in like manner ftnells of Turpen-
tine being broken -, and when it grows to Maturity,
and the Flowers fall away, in place thereof comes
the Seed, which is black and large , much like the
Seed of Gourds, fet as though a cunning Workman
had of purpnfe placed them in that Excellent and
Ex.juifite Order, not much unlike to an lioney-
Comb.

VI. The Culture. The fir ft or larger fort is
produced from Seed in a well Dung’d Ground,
after the manner of Cucumbers and Melons. It
grows generally with us 5, 6, or 7 F«ethigh, ve-
ry llraight without Branches, with Leaves jagged
at the edges, pointed at their ends, and rough to
the touch. This, as it has been very common, fo
it is at prefentmu^h negle&ed, and is now Planted
in the Obfoleet or almoft negle&ed parts of a Gar-
den, or at the extremities of f<?me Borders. On
the top of its Stem appears its Flower refembling
the Sun-Beams, whofe Disk is commonly of a
yellowith Glory or Radiency, made in the lhape
of a Crown, in the middle of which, are a num-
ber of other little Flourilhes retting on the Em-
brio’s, feparated one from another by Leaves fol-
ded Gutter wife, and contained in a fcaly Cup,
which Embrio’s in time become Oblong Seed, each
feparated from another in particular Cells.

VII. The fecond or leffer kind, tho’ it may be
raifed from the Seed, yet it is generally multiplyed
from its Roots, whofe Tufts are to be divided to
Plant other places with. This as it fhoots out in-
to many Stems and a great many Branches, ought
to be Planted in broad Aliys, and all along with
Trees between them, at 3 Feet diftance one from
another •, or it may be Planted in the fmall Cor-
ners of Parterres, or in the middle of the fame,
without any other Flowers near it, by which it
will agreeably entertain the Eye. It agrees in any
fort of F.3rth good or bad, and its Roots being
fplir, mult be fet three Inches deep in the Giound ^
which when it has attained a confiderable height,
is to be dipt andtrim’das before directed ('Se&.Vj
putting it into what Figure will beft agree with it,
which is generally that of a round Bulh.

VIII. The Places. Their Native Place is Peru ,
from whence they have been brought to us, and
now grow generally in molt of our Gardens, where
they Flourilh admirably.

IX. The Times. The Seed mult be let or fown
in the beginning of April, if the Weather is tempe-

rate, and if in good Earth fo much the better, and
where the Sun has the molt power the whole’ day.
The firlt Flowers in June , the fecond in Auguft
and fometimes fo late, that the early Frolt taking’
it, the Flower comes not to ripenefs.

X. The Vitalities, Specification, Preparations and
Virtues of them are fcarcely known, fo that Au-
thors have laid little or nothing of them. The
Heads of the Flowers are boiled and dreficd as Ar-
tichoaks, wjth Butter, Vinegar, Salt and Penper.
They are faid to be in Quality hot and dryland
vehemently to excite Lult. Gerard fays they are
exceeding pleafant Food, and are by others ac-
counted good Meat * but Parkinfon lays, they are
too ftrong for his tafte.

CHAP. DCLXXVIIJ.

Of SUN-FLOWER Creefwg.

!• T' U E Names. It is called in Greek; 'Ha/.
X «**».■: inLatinealfo Helianthemum, Has
CiJlus Fumtlus-, Ciflus repens =
Was Solis repent-, in Englifh Sun- Flossier crepine ■
and Dwarf C iftus. * s s

II. The Kinds. Authors give us about half a
“Core forts of this Plant, we (hail trouble you on-
ly with the five following, viz. 1. Helianthemum
vulgare, Helianthemum Anglicum luteum ■ Our
Englifh yellow creeping, or Dwarf Sun-Flower
2. Ueliambemum vulgare vel Anglicum album

Our white Creeping or Dwarf Sun-Flower. 3 He-

hantbcmum ferpilh folio fore lutco , Chamncftut
fecundus C/ufij ; Ciflus Uumilis ferpillifoliis Taber-
ntmntam , Creeping Sun-Flower with Time-like
Leaves. 4- Helianthemum Luteum Germanicum
Yellow Creeping, or Dwarf Sun- Flower of Ger-
many. y. Helianthemum album Germanicum -
White Dwarf Sun-Flower of Germany. Clufttu
fays he (hould rather refer thefe Plants to the Fa-
mily of the F'emale Oftus, making them of his
third Order of Ciftus, and fo calling them Cha-
in x eft us ; becaufe fays he, they are like unto them
both tn Face or Form, and Property. Some take
this Creeping Sun-Flower to be the HelianlheFlmii
which Cordus calls Helianthemum , or Flos Solis
and fo do Label, Tabermcmontanus, Thalius and’
divers others.

7. he Defcriptions.

III. The (lift, or our Englifh Yellow Creeping
Sun-Flower. It has a hard and woody Root, grow-
tng inttmeto be fmething great, but not very lone,
ana divided into fmall bt anches at its lower end
I f,snr,Je ‘ft Jtveral fmall and weak , yet hard
and almoft woody branches , lying for the moft part
round about the head if the Root upon the Ground
on which are Jet by couples, many fmall and fomc-
what long Leaves a little foft or hairy, with other
Jmall Leaves alfo growing between them : at the
tops of which grow three or four fmall pale yellow
and Jomctimcs Gold coloured yellow llowers, con-
fiftnig each of five round pointed Leaves ’ with
fame yellow threads in the middle, having in fame
F laces or Soils, a pretty pleaftng Smell , but left or
more fame other places : After which follow
Jmall round Heads, containing fmall yellow Seed

This

Chap. 6 7 8. EngUjb Her Is . 1 1 2 ]

This dyeth not , but abides many Tears , increaftng
in Branches , a Vijcous or Mucilaginous

Juice , '/?£<? Comfrey, an A(lringent and

Auftere Tajle /or which reafon I believe it was
called by divers ( as Cordus fays ) Confolida aurea,
and fo fays Clufius alfo •, and fonts have called it
Panax, and Panaces Chironium, but falfcly.

IV. The fecond, or our white Creeping, or
Dwarf Sun-Flower. Its Root is thick , and of a
Woody Subfiance like the former. It is a low a?id
humble Riant , creeping upon the Ground , differing
but little from the former , faving that this rifes
fomewhat higher. It has many fmall tough Branches

S it n-Y lower Creeping Englifh,
Tello® and White.

of a brown colour , on which gr oio little Leaves fel
by Couples , thick , fat , and full of Juice , covered
over with a foft Dozen , from whoje bofoms come
forth other leffer Leaves. Tbefc Leaves are a lit-
tle whiter and longer , and not Jet fo thick toge-
gether as tlw former , but are more Woolly. The
Flower is alfo fomething larger , and of a white
Color , in which confifts the chief Difference. In
fome R laces or Grounds , it is a little Sweety but
in fome other Soils little or nothing at all : and
its Juice is of an Ajiringent and Auflere Tajle
like the other.

V. the third, or Creeping Sun-Flower with
Time-like Leaves. Its Root is very Fibrous , and
fpreads much under Ground , and the Plant creeps
upon the Ground , much like unto Wild Thyme,
with fuch like [mall Leaves, f t upon reddifh
Branches very thick , or as it were in a double row,
of a dark green Colour , and a little hairy withal ,
which are a little longer and whiter next to, or near
the Flowers , which grow thrte or four together ,

each one on a pretty long haipy Footffalk , confiffirg
of five fmall yellow Leaves like unto the other ,
and fomething Sweet.

VJ. The fourth, or Yellow Creeping, or Dwarf-
Sun-Flower of Germany. Its Root is /lender. Woody,
and fomething red. The Riant is fa id to 'be much
like to a Ciltus, but lejjer by much , and creeping
upon the Ground un/efs it be prop\l up, having 7;
multitude oj twiggy Branches , fender and fine, on

Sim - Flower Creeping of Germany,
Yellorp and W hit e.

’which grow Leaves leffer than thofe of Ledon or
Ciftus, and very like to our Englifh White Creep-
ing, or Dwarf Sun-Flower, at Sell. IV. above ‘ of
a full or mucilaginous Juicy Subff ancc, and fight ly
haired ■, The Flowers are like unto little Rcfes , or
the Wild Tanfie Flower of a yellow Color.

VII. The fifth, or White Dwarf, or Creeping
Sun - Flower of Germany. This in its Roots ,
Branches , Leaves , Flowers, and manner of grow-
ing, is fo like the luff Defc'riked, that they are not
to be difinguijhed af under till the time of Flower-
ing, the Flowers in this being White , whereas in the,
former they are Tellow ■, this being the chief, or
only difference.

VIIL The Rlaces. The firlt and fecond grow in
feveral places of England, but efpecially in Kent,
in almolt every Tratt thereof throughout ^ which
in fome places is greater than in fome others, yet
that with the white Flowers is not altogether fd
common as thofe with the yellow. Gerard fays he
has found them in many places in Kent , upon the
Chalky Banks about Gravefend and Southffeet ;
and for the molt part all the way from thence ro
Canterbury and Dover. The fourth and fifth dif-
fer hot much from our Englifh , and I am told,’
have been found in feveral parts of this Kingdom -y
and by reafon they fo little differ from our ffng/ifh
7 D i Specie^

H2 4, Salmon' s Herbal . Lib, I

Species, fame have thought them to be the fame ;
their difference arifing chiefly from the Soil. The
third grows in rough, dry, and Sunny places in
plain 1-icids, and upon Mountains. , C/ufius fays
he foui d it upon the highell Alps or Mountains
of Arijirid and Stiria ; and as forne think, is the
firlt here del'cribed, which is the moll ufual fort
growing in Englan !.

IX. T be Times. They all Flower in the Sum-
mer Months, from the beginning of July to the
end of Auguft ; but the Flowers foon fade, feidom
enduring aboVe a day or two, perfect ing their Seed
in fome l'mall time after.

X. T be Qualities. They are hot and dry in the
firft Degree, Ablterfive, Allringent, V ulnerary and
Arthriftck.

XI. The Specification. They Hop Fluxes of all
forts. Catarrhs, or Deflexions of Rheum, all
Bleedings whether inward or outward. Spitting
or Pilling of Blood, Btoody-Flux, Overflowing of
the Terms, Whites, &TV. cure Sore Mouths, and
Ulcers in what part of the Body foever, heal green
Wounds, and helps the Biting or Stinging of any

CHAP. DCLXXIX.

Of S W E E T-G A U L.

fnptfE Karnes. It may be called in Greek, ’PS«, id
X in Latine, Rhus Sy/veilris:

ana in Englifh Sweet -Gaul.

II. The Kinds. It feehis to be a lingular Species
Jut generis ; yet Authors deferibe the two follow-
ing, viz. r. Rhus Sylveflris Anglicus , Myrt^p Att-
Aiyrtus Brabant tea Lobc/ij - T feudomyrfine
Gerardt Rhus Sydveflris altera Liigduncnfis-
R hus Herba P/i nijClufio-, Dryopbonon Tlinij Ruel-
1,0 '■> Aiyrtus Aemora/is ; kUagnusCordi-, EUar-
mts Theophrafii Beilonio ; ChMeUagnus Dodonui ,
Aiyrtus Be/garum Lobc/ij ; Our Common Sweet-
Caul. 2. Rhus Syhefins Tlinij Dodoneo -, Rhus
Thmj Myrtifolia Lobelia ; Dryophomn Tlinij qui-

bujdam: The Myrtle-Leav’d Sweet-Gaul

V enomous Creature.

XII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, i . A Liquid Juice or EJJcnce. 2. A Dc-
cctfion in Wine. 3. A half am. or Ointment. 4. A
Cataplafm. 5. A Dijlilled Water.

The Virtues.

XIII. The Liquid Juice or E (fence. Taken from
two Spoonfuls to three or more, in any proper
Vehicle, as Barabar Wine, or any other Styptick
red Wine, they Hop all Bleedings whether inward
or outward^ Spitting or Pifling of Blood, Bloody-
Flux, the Overflowing of the Terms and Whites,
Catarrhs, or Defluxions of Rheum, and all other
Fluxes of the Bowels whatfoever. Mixt with
Wine, they are profitable to wafh, cleanfe and
heal Sore and Ulcerated Mouths, Throats; as
alfo Ulcers in the private Parts of Man or Woman,
or in the Legs, Thighs, or in any other part of
the Body. Green W'ounds being wafht with them,
it flops the Blood, difpofes them to a fpeedy heal-
ing, and conglutinates their Lips, Confolidating,
Binding and Screngthning the part, or any other
place weakned by any Accident. And Cloths dipt
into them, and applyed to Wounds made by the
Stinging or Biting of any Poifonous Creature, it
hinders the Poifon from fpreading, and draws it
forth-, more efpecially if they betaken inwardly at
the fame time.

XIV. T be De colli on in Wine. It has all the for-
mer Virtues, and may well be ufed to all the fame
Intentions, but as it is weaker, fo it is to be given in
a larger Dofe, as to 4, 6, or 8 Ounces. This as
well as the Juice and Effence, being taken inwardly
for fome confiderable time, is faid to be profita-
ble in Curing Ruptures of the Bowels.

XV. T be Balfam or Ointment. It is Vulnerary,
eleanfes and heals Ulcers, Confolidates Wounds,
and quickly heals them ; ftrengthning all the parts
it is applyed to.

XVI. The Cat apis fm. Applyed to the Biting or
Stinging of any Venomous Creature, it draws out
the Poifon ; and applyed to the Gout, or any weak-
ned Limb or Joint, iteafes thepain, and ftrengthens
the part afflitted.

XVII. TheDiJUlled Wdter. It foftens and whi-
tens the Skin, and Beautifies the Face and other
parts to which It is applyed, being ufed feveral
times a day,

The Dcfcriptions.

III. The firft, or our Common Sweet Gaul. Its

Root is hard and woody -, from zohence rifes up a
low Shrub or woody Buff), not above a lard high
J'preading /lender Branches , with many brown yel-
lowiJJ? green Leaves , fomewhat long , narrow , thick
fattifh and roundifh pointed , refcmbhng in fome fort
both Box and Myrtle Leaves, but fmclhng Jlron*
and fweet. The Flowers are yellow , and Jland up-
on Jhort Jlalks, coming forth at the Joints, with
the Leaves in /mail Tufts, many Jet together -
which being pajl, the /aid Stalks are plentifully
fiorei with yeltotmfh cornered Seed, bedewed with
a clammy Aloifture, of a very bitter unpleafing
Taflc, but ft rang fweet Smell. s

IV. Gerard delcribes ir after this manner. Its
Root is of a hard and woody Subfiance, which pro-
duces a low and little Shrub or woody Tlant , having
many brown and hard Branches, upon wbteh grout
Leaves fomething long , hard, thick , and Oleous of
an hot or Aromalick Savour or Smell, fomething
like that of Myrtle. From among the Branches
come forth other little ones, on which do grout ma
ny Spoky Ears or Tufts, full of f. mall Flowers ■ af-
tcr winch, come great fiore of fquare or cornered
Seed cluttering together, of a firong and bitter Take

V. Thefecond or Myrtle- Leav’d Sweec-Gaui.

1 his has alfo a hard and woody Root, fpread many
ways in the Ground, with many Fibres adjoining to
it : from whence fpnngt up a low Jhrubby fan of
Tlant, having many J. lender Branches with Leaves
fet thereon, every one of the largenefs of the broad
Myrtle-Lea/, and ftanding by couples but not fo
clofely, or always juft oppofite one to another nor
fo many together, fmooth or even , and not dented
about the edges. At the ends of which, come forth
many fmall purplifh rcdThrcads, Jet upon , or flick-
ing out of a fmall head, fet one above 'another -
which afterwards turn into a round and fomewhat
flat c refled black Berry, containing therein, fmall
white, and rough Seed, not much unlike to Grape-
Stones. This Tlant in feme places dyes every Lear
down to the Ground, Springing again the next Tear
for which caufc in thefe places it never Seeds nor
Flowers : A 'or here in England does it ever flower
from its firft Tears Jhootmg, but the next Tear it
Flowers in many places of this Land, the? Jetdom
perf oiling its Seed.

VI The

Chap. 680. ILngUjh Herbs,

I I 2=?

VI. The Places. The hilt grows in many places
of England , as well as in Brabant and Flanders ,
and ocher places beyond Sea, and therefore Lobe/
might as well have call’d it Anglic a as Brabanticd ,
it being truly a Native of our Country, tho’ pof-
fibly he might not know lb much. It grows in
Hartjordjhire , Kent, Sujfex, Cole brook, and near
Old Windfor-P ark Corner • asalfo in feveral Marfhy,
Plafhy, Moift and Fenny Grounds, as in Bedford-
J, hire , Cambridgeshire , Ifle of Ely , Lincolnfhire ,
and the Fenny Countries thereabouts-, of which
there is fuch ftore, that they make Faggots, Brulh-
es or Sheaves thereof, to burn and heat their
Ovens, and kindle Fires withal, as they do of Sedge.
It is alfo found growing inmoft places where Sedge
grows for which reafon it is commonly found
bound up promifcuoufly in Sedge (heaves, which
Bakers uie to heat their Ovens with at Lynin Nor-
folk, and other great Towns and Market-Places
where it can be conveniently carried by Water, Efc.
The fecond is a Native in feveral Countries in the
Levant and Mediterranean Sea, as the South parts
of France, Italy , Sicily , &c. but with us it is on-
ly Nurlt up in Gardens. This is that of Pliny ,
lib. 24. cap. 1 1 .

VII. The Times. They Flower in May and June ,
and their Seed is ripe in July and Auguft.

VIII. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in
the fecond degree, Abfterfive, Aftringent, Aultere
and Styptick^ difcufling Wind, Cephalick, Neu-
rotick-, and as fome think Narcotick.

IX. The Specification. The firlt kind is only or
chiefly ufed: It is good to dry up Humors in the
Belly and Stomach, to kill Worms in thofe parts,
to (Lengthen the Brain and Nerves, and to in-
duce Sleep.

X. The Preparations. The firft of the two Spe-
cies being only in ufe, the Preparations will chiefly
have reference to that j and there is a peculiar ufe
of it in 1. Ale or Beer , which in fome places are
Brewed with it, as with Hops. 2. A Dccofiion in
Water or Wine. 3. An Infufion in Wine. 4. A
T Mure of Leaves and Fruit in Spirit of Wine ,
5. A Pouder of the Leaves or Seed.

left off1 takIng haVC With fome difficulty
„ XII/\ Tb? in Wine. It has all the Vir-

rr°”henfTerPecoaio^ 3nd maf be taken in

the lame Dofe and manner; but as it is only a cold
inruiion, fo it is much more grateful to the Sto-
mach and Bowels, refitting Poifon, and itrenmh-
n,n| «® after an admirable manner,
c i'T^eT,naur‘<f. ‘be Leaves and fruit, or
seed. This is much better in a cold Scurvy, than
either of the former, and more potent Vgainft
Cy.nlficwB, Palfies, and other cold and
moift D^eafes of the Head, Brain, Nerves, Joints
and Vifcera-. It alfo prevails againft Poifon, ve-
hement pains in the Bowels, or any extream parr
of the Body, Coughs, Colds, Afthma’s, Phthificks,
Hoarienefs, Wheezing and (hortnefs ot Breath ;
“°PS Vomiting, and gives relief-in extream Heart-
sicKneiles Palptrattons, Faimings, Swooningsand

rierkfiP°fe 2> 3’ 01 4 Spoontiils in a fmall
Glals ot Wine.

XV. Tie Pouder of the Leaves or Seed. It is
given from half a Dram to Dram, for all the pur-
poles aforementioned, being an excellent Stoma-
ttek : but its chiefeft ufe is for killing Worms in
Children; asalfo in Elder Perfons.

XVI. Nota 1. In rhofe places where it plenti-
rully grows, as alio in other places to which it is
earned, the Country People lay it in Wardrobes,
Chelts, Trunks, Prefles, and the like, to keep
Woollen Cloths fromMoths, Worms, ©V. and to
give them a good feent and pleaiant Smell.

XVII. Nota 2. The Rhus Plinij Myrtifolia , or
fecond Species ; tho’ we make little or no ufe of ir,
(becaufe we have it no great plenty) yet Pliny fays
ir kills Moths, and refills Poifon.

CHAP. DCLXXX.

Of SWALLOW-WORT;

T he Virtues.

XI. The Ale or Beer. It ptefelves the Drink
from fpoiling, or growing fowre like Hops, and
makes it Drink very ftrong ; and by reafon of its
pleafing Bitternefs, gives it a pleafanr Talte or
Farwel. As it makes the Drink to be ftronger, fo
it may be more apt to get into the Head, and make
People Drunk; but it only affects the Brain by its
Strength, not by any ill Quality which is in it, as
fome Authors feetn to hint, it being a true ftrength-
ner of the Stomach and Nerves. And fo far it is an
Antifcorbutick, asallStomachicksare; the Scurvy
being called by the Greeks the Stomach Difeafe,
and tor which they have no other name.

XII. T be Decoflion in Water or Wine. It
warms, comforts and ftfengthens cold, moift and
weak Heads, Brains, Nerves and Stomachs; refills
the Scurvy in its beginning, and cures it when Con.
Rim’d, a quarter of a Pint or more, being taken
in the’Morning failing, half an Hour before Din-
ner, and laft at Night going ro Bed. . It is Angular
good alfo againlt Palfies, Convulfions, Gouts,
Jaundice, Collick, and other like Difeafes of the
Brain Nerves and Vifcera. It kills Worms in the
Bowels, refills Poifon, and caufes pleafant Reft
and Sleep, not much unlike to the manner of
Opiates ; infomuch that fome who have been long

OR,

SILK-WORT.

I-T 'HE Names. It is called in Greek,

X (ab JEfculapio ) alfo Murmov quafi Hede-

rula ■, and Kts-n<p(!\rov, Hederkfolium ; and fo Ruel-
lius calls it Heder alls : and yet the Leaf is not at all
like Ivy, but are rather like unto Bay-Leaves, La-
ving that thefe are (harper pointed. In Latine
Afclepias alfo, and Vincetoxicum , (which is a ge-
neral Word for any Counter- Poifon • ioi Vincetox-
icum quafi A l exipbarmeum d ilium, & quod illi
infignis adverfus venena vis infit. It was alfo an-
tiently called Hirundinaria, (as were alfo Chelido-
nium majus & minus ) becaufe the pointed Cods
when they are open, and the Silk appears out of
them, do fomewhat refemble a Swallow Flying.
In Englifh, Swallow-Wort, Silk-Wort, and by fome
Silken Cifley.

II. The Kinds. It is doubtlefs the true Afclepi-
as of Diof cor ides, tho’ Anguilara doubts of it, and
Matthiolus denys it • yet Dodonaus and Fuch fins
affirm ir, and that it is the true Vincetoxicum.
We have with us, 1. Afclepias five Vincetoxicum
Flore albo. Swallow- Wort white Flower’d. 2. Af-
clepias feu Vincetoxicum Flore nigra, Swallow-
Wort black Flower’d- 3: Afclepias Cretica, Swal-
0 low

-

I J

Salmon j- Herbal.

low-Wort of Candy, f ublus Columns took the
fl,ian Ajclepuu to be rather
A and' del calls the Black Swallow-Wort Pe-
rZllca miner (becaufc it clambers like a Renploca)
but thefe ire not only improper Names but alfo
falle Names as to the Plants they represent ; for
S^his fpectol difference betvt'&n Apocynum
and AfclepUu-%' the full in all its Species hasa
ana ai/t tj ( - whereas the latter, or

IwaUow-WMt has Lite,’ but is the true Aa'tifae,
or Cvunter-Poifon to the Apocynum.

The Descriptions.

Ill The firll or Swallow-Wort white Flower’d.

hs Reels ere agree, Bulb of many whteStnngs
faH rJ tc ether a, hs Head, fm-llmg fomewhat
■ Zone tohijllhey -re. frejhand. green, but mrepka-
fu sden they arc dryed. It rtfes up mtthfeveral
IS i ... ... , ,/■ St ,Hs tm or three feet in length,
» iX^Jharce die to flnndupr,^
which therefore for the mo/t part teat, o, lye down
upon the (around, if they find nothing ti Mem
the,,,, and fomettmes they mil ttrnne
about it : On the Joints of thefe Sulks are Jet
Leaves by couples, being Something broad and long
pointed at tbeir ends, of a dark green Color , and
bntne ftvoolh edges. At the Joints with the Leaves ,
(] f lithe tops of the Stalks, and at the ups them-
f‘ cane Jonh divers /mail while flowers, con-
< be; pointed Leaves apiece, of a pretty
frong wee, Smell. After which, come f, nail long
Pods, thick above, or next to their tootfiatks, and

gradually growing lefs and lefs to the Point • in
which lye fmall flat brown Seed , wrapped up in a
great deal of white Silk Down ■, which when the Pod
is ripe , opens of it fe/f and fheds boil) Seed and
Silk upon the G round 3 ij it be not before hand
carefully gathered. This Plant yields no Milk of
any fort , White or Tellow in our Country , as the
Apocynum or Dogs-Bane does •, but only a thin wa-
tery Juice. Both Leaves and Stalks dye away and
perifl) every Tear , and rife again the next Tear in
tide Spring , the Stalks being at their firfl f fringing
up oj a b/ackifl) brown Color.

IV. Gerard deferibes this firft fort after this man-
lier. Its Root conflfts of very many white Thready -
Strings , and of a ftrong Smell. It ha * divers up-
right Branches of a brownijh Color , of about 3 feet
high , befet with Leaves not much unlike to thofe of
AmaraDulcis, Dulcamara, or Woody Nightfhade,
fomewhat long , broad, fharp pointed , of a blackijh
green Color , and flrong Smell : Among which , come
forth very many fmall white flowers , Star Pafhion ,
hanging upon little flender Pootfalks. After which
come in their places , long fharp pointed Cods, fluffed
full oj a mofi pcrfcfd white Cotton , refembling Silk ,
at well in jhew at handling , from which fame call
it Silken Cifley ^ in which ts wrapped up fojt
brow nip. 1 Seed.

V. The fecond, or Swallow-Wort Black Flow-
er’d. Its Root is a fmall Bujh of white Strings ,
not much unlike the former. It grows in the fame

Swallow-Wort Black.

Chap. 680. Enghjh ‘tierbs„ ii2y

[candy difcernable, unlefs one look very earnefily
noon them. After which , come (more plentifully
than in the former) fuch like Code, with a white
Silver Down , like pure fine Silk , in which the Seed
as in the former, are wrapped. This Plant nor its
Root, [mells not fo fir eng cu the firft ; nor does
it give any Milk, but a Watery Juice when broken.

VI. The third, or Swallow-Wort of Candy. Its
Root is not compofcd of fo many Strings as the laJI,
but has as well as the refl of the Plant, a fining
Smell, and as fame think, not much unlike to Box.
It rifes up in the manner and fafhion as the others
do, with many fender flexible green Branches,
with Leaves fet by pairs at the Joints, on either
fide, as the white kind has , and are very like unto
them, but fomemhat of a paler green color. "The
f lowers ftand in the fame manner, three or four
together upon a Stalk , but are fometbing of apaler
white Color, not full out fo white as they ; to whom
fucceed fometimes but one , but mofi commonly two
Pods together, which are thicker and fhorter than
thofe of the White Kind', ftrakedalfo all-along, and
double forked at the ends, which contain within
them Seeds and Silk, as in the former.

VII. The Places. They grow Wild in rough
and untill’d Places, and on Mountains in Italy and
the Southern parts of prance, and in other hot
Countries ; and the lalt is found growing in Candy,
from whence the Seed has been brought to us :
But here in England they are only Nurft up in Gar
dens, where they thrive admirably well.

VIII. The Times. They all Flower in the Months
of June and July, but fometimes (as the Seafon
may be for Coldnefs) not till Augujl ; and their
Cods with Seed, are ripe about a Month after-
wards; the empty Husks abiding on the dry
Branches, when the Silk and Seed are gone, being
either fallen on the Ground, or blow away with
the Wind.

IX. The Qualities. The Roots of thefe Pia :s
are only, or rather chiefly ufed. They are hot and
dry in the fecond Degree, Aperitive, Abiterfive,
Diuretick, VMnerary, Peftoral, Cardiack, Hyfte-
ricK, and Alexipharmick.

X. The Specification. They ate a Sovereign
Cure for all forts of Vegetable and Animal Poifons,
but in particular for the Poifon of Apocynum, or
Dogs-Bane, (this being the Countet-Poifon or An-
tidote againft it : ) as alfo the Bitings of Mad
Dogs, (Ac . It cures alfo the Plague or Peftilence,
and all forts of Peftilential Difeafes, Faintings,
Swooning, Convulfions, Fits of the Mother, Coughs'
Colds, Afthma’s, Phthificks, and all other Ob-
ftruUions and Difeafes of the Lungs ; ObftruUions
of Urine, Dropfy, Jaundice, F,pilepfy, Pains of
the Mother ; provokes Urine and the Terms, ea-
fes the Colick and Gripings of the Guts, kills
Worms in the Belly, and is of goodufe tocleanfe
and heal all Putrid, Filthy and rotten Ulcers in
what part of the Body foever.

XI. The Preparations. From the Roots are
prepared, 1 . A Becottion in Wine. 2. A Ponder.

3. Anointment or Bafam. 4. A TinSure. From
the Leaves and Flowers are made, 5. A Cataplafm.
From the Down, 6. Dry Pledgets.

The Virtues.

XII. The DccoBion of the Roots in Wine. It is a
peculiar Cure again!! the Poifon of Apocynum, or
Dogs-Bane , ot Woolf s-Bane , or any other Vegetable
Poifon -, as alfo again It the Bitings of Mad Dogs,
or the Biting or Stinging of any other Venomous

Creature. It gtves eafb in the Collick, and the
nrpi(1u°ftherims' , ^prevails againft the Plague
M^fi ' eoCe’ nP0°tted FeVcr’ FurPlts> Calenture,

a^d PeftiW3 1 and aU °ther fous ot’ AhliS"
ftroi ft TOt.'3 roften,Pers- The Decoaion made

ltrong m White Wine, and taken for feverai days
together, a Pint at a time, and Sweating prefentlv
D«pfp, alfo the yellow Jaum
•d CCu a"d ttoppage of Urine thro’ rartarous matter
m the Rems, Ureters and Bladder. It helps alfo
Coughs, Colds, Aftlima’s, Phthificks, Hoarfeiefs
Wheezing, and other Difeafes of the Bred and
Lungs. It is alfo profitable againft Vapors, Hyfte-
rtek Fits, and provokes the Terms in Women. If
it is made alfo with the addition of Comfey Roots

Rnf#° mSa!,nft Ruptures of the Bow*, inward
Bruifes, Bleedings, and the like.

XIII. The Pouder of the Roots. It has all the
tamer Virtues, much excelling the DecoSion and
maybe given to a Dram or Dram and half in Ca-
nary or White Lisbon, Morning and Night It is
good againft Fainting, Swooning, and other Paffions
0 . E? : Taken with Peony-Seed it helps a-
gamft the Falling-Sicknefs; with Pouder of White
Dittany Roots, it kills Worms in the Belly and

prevails againft Melancholy.

XIV. The Ointment or Balfam. The Po'uder two

Drams, mixed with fix Drams of any Vulnerary
Ointment, or Bafam of Tobacco, &c. Cleanfes in-
carnates and heals Wounds, and old Putrid’and
Rotten Ulcers, beyond that of Birthwort-Roots or
ot any other Vegetable whatfoever. 1

X\L The Tin Bure. It has all the Virtues of
Decoblion and Pouder, excelling them ten times
m v m“e mnd Goodnefs- Dofe a Spoonful.

XVI- T}fc £a,a?laf'n °f Leaves aniPlowers. It
cures hard Tumors in Womens Breafts as alfo

rU yvFi o? /0ut U>cers in the fame parts.

XVII. Dry Pledgets of the Silk or Down. Ap-
plyed to old running Sores and Ulcers after clean-
ling, it drys them, and in a fhorc time after heals
them.

CHAP. DCLXXXI.

Of T A N S I E Garden.

L 'T' dIE Aarttes. It is called in Greek, ’ASW«-
lifh Tonjt1™' “Eng-

.1 Kl"is' , A-uthors make many kinds of

this Plant, but. thefe four ate thofe which are
chiefly known to us, viz. 1. Athanafia Vulgaris
Tanacetum \ ulgare , Our Common Garden Tanfie!
r. Atbanafni Crifpa , Tanacetum Sativa Anelica -
Tanacetum Crifpum , Crifped or Curled Tanfie’

3. Tanacetum Verficolor, Tanfie Party-Coloured'

4. Tanacetum Lanugmofum, Woolly Tanfie.

the Defcriptionsi

III. The firft ot our Common Garden Tanfie
Its Root h tough, and of a Woody Subdance, It
grows up with many Stalks with WingedLeaves
which are long, having many little Ones Jet by cou-
ples upon a middle Rib, many of them upon one
Pootfialk almofi hie thofe of Agrimony, and not
much unlike to thofe of the Female Fern. The

Mowers

1 1 28 Salmon s Herbal Lib. 1:

flowers grow upon the tops of the Stalks , tn ter-
Uin c/ulter’d Tufts (without any Leaves as a 1 'ale
about them ; ) which flowers are like round but.

Lanfie-Garden, Common.

tons of yell™ Roman Camomil, or Featherfew ;
and as yellow as Gold. The whole Plant is bitter ,
and of a very ftrong Smell , but yet very pleafant.

'Tanfu-Garden, Crifped.

IV. The fecond, or our Crifped, or Curled
Tanfie. Its Root creeps under Ground ', and Jhoots
up again in divers places. Its Leaves are winged
1 like the former , which are hard and green , being
many J. mall ones Jet by pairs one againji another up-
on a middle Rib , fmpt about the edges , but clojer
and thicker fet than the firji , and withal crumpled ,
which has caitfcd it to be called double or Curled
Tan Tie. it rifes up with federal hard Stalks , on •
which , and on its Branches at their tops , grow Gold
yellow Coloured Flowers almojl like Buttons , which
being gather'd in their Prime, will hold the Jrefh
Color j or a long Seafon. The Seed is fmall, and res
it were Chajfe -, and the whole Herb , both Leaves
and Flowers, hath a piercing firong, but very plea-
fant grateful Smell, and a fharp ftrong bitter Tajte ,
cxatfly like to the firfi Common kind fo that by the
Smell and Tajte only, they are not to be dijtinguifned
1 one from another.

V. The third, or Tanfie Party-Coloured. This
in its Roots , Leaves, Stalks , Branches, Flowers
and form , and manner of Growing, is not to be
diftinguifhed from our common Garden Tanfie : The
only difference between them n this. That upon the
fir ft fhooting up the Heads of Leaves, they are al-
moft all White, and after they are grown great,
there will be many Leaves remaining White among
the Green, which makes it the more pleafant to be-
hold, feeming like a Party-Coloured Feather, in re-
fpetl to the fne cut Leaves of White and Green.

VI. The fourth, or Woolly Tanfie. It has a
Root which is thick, blackijh, fibrous and fpreading,
which fends forth divers winged Leaves, fome-
thing like unto the former Tanjies, and nearly like
to Yarrow Leaves •, of which fome would make it a
Species, but that the Smell convinces us to the con-
trary, this being very Jirong and Sweet like to Tan-
fie, whereas Yarrow has no Smell at all. The
Leaves are alj'o very Woolly , fet clofe together a-
bout the Root from among which fpring up feveral
Woolly Stalks , having fuch like Woolly Leaves up-
on them, and at their tops many Tufts of yellow
Flowers , much like thofe of the fonder Tanjies.

VII. The Places. They are all Garden Plants
with us. The firft three are Natives of our own
Land : The Curled Tanfie and the Party- Coloured,
are Aborigines of England, and are thought to be
Degenerations from our firft Common Kind, being
made lo by Planting of Slips, which many times
loofe fome parts of their Original Stocks, and
fometimes add fomething to them, which may al-
fo be caufed in part from the differing Soils, and
their Richnefs or Poornefs in which they are Plant-
ed : The firft Common Tanfie grows in fome For-
reign Southern Countries and warm Climates, by
Hedge and Ditch fides, and in the Borders of Fields ;
and the fourth grows in the Southern parts of
France, and other Southern hot Countries.

VIII. The Times. They all Flower in the Sum-
mer Months, viz. in June, July, and Auguji ■
and if the Flowers are gathered in their Pi ime, will
keep their Colour and Beauty for a long time with-
out fading ^ from whence might poflibly come the
Greek Name Athanafia, from ’AQcivum immortalis,
fine Morte, or non Moriens.

IX. The Qualities. They are hot in the fecond
degree, and dry in the third. Tanfie is Abfterfive,
Aperitive, Aftiingent, Diuretick, Stomatick, Neu-
rotick, Hyfterick , Arthritick, Nephritick and
Emmenogogick.

X. The Specification. It provokes Urine, forces
away Sand, Gravel and Stones from the Reins and
Bladder, eafes the Colick, refills Vapors and Hy-
fterick Fits, provokes the Terms, gives eafe in the
Gout, whether in Joints, Limbs or Stomach ; and

is

Chap. 682. Enghfh Herbs . 1129

is a lingular Remedy againft the Scurvy, in a cold
Habit of Body.

XI. The Preparations. You may make there'
from, 1. A Liquid Juice . 2. An Ejjence. 3. A

Syrup. 4. An Infufion or Decoflion in Wine.
5. A Ponder of the Flowers and Leaves. 6. An
Info l at ed or Decoded 0/7. 7. A Cataplafn of the
Leaves. 8. A Tanfie Pancake. 9. A Dijiillcd
Water. 10. A Spirituous Tinflure. 1 1. An Acid
Tinflure. 1 2. An Oily Tinflure.

The Virtues.

XII. Tfo Liquid Juice. It potently provokesllrine,
and cleanfes the Urinary paffages from Sand, Gra-
vel, Stories, and Tartarous Mucilage, which many
times affliU Patients with Strangury or Ifchuria
and a heat and Raiding of Urine. It potently ex-
pels Wind, and prevails againft the Collick, whe-
ther in the Stomach or Belly ^ kills Worms in tht|
Bowels, refills Vapours, provokes the Terms, and
is profitable againft Fits of the Mother. Dofe
from 3, to 6 or 8 Spoonfuls in any fit Vehicle,
Morning and Night : So taken, it gives eafe in the
Gout, whether in Limbs or Stomach, and carries
off by Urine, the Morbifick Tartarous matter of
that Difeafe.

XIII. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of
the former and much more powerful to all thofe
Intentions * befides which, it is of lingular ufe to
cure the Scurvy, and prevent Milcarriage in Wo-
men, being bathed warm two or three times a day
upon the Belly, and lower parts thereof towards
the Share : Dofe from 3 to 5 Spoonfuls, as be-
fore direUed .

XIV. The Syrup. It has the Virtues of Juice
and Effence, but nothing near fo powerful for thofe
purpofes j but is of good ufe againft Afthma’s,
Coughs, Colds, Hoarfenefs, Wheezing, Phthificks,
Sicknefsat Stomach, and other Dillempers of thofe
Vilcera. Dofe two Spoonfuls Morning, Noon
and Night, either alone, or in fome fit Diuretick
Vehicle. , So taken, it is a very good thing againft
the Dropfy, Anar (arc a , or Sar cites.

XV. The Infufion or Decoflion in Wine. They
are very Stomatick, and if fweetned with the for-
mer Syrup PeUoral alfo, have all the Virtues of
thofe former Preparations ^ but as they are weaker,
mull be given in a larger Dofe, as from a quarter
of a Pint, to halfa Pint, Morning and Night, 0V.

XVI. The Pouder of the Heads of Flowers and
Leaves. It is Anti-Collick, kills Worms in Chil-
dren and elder People ^ and is found profitable a -
gainft theEpilepfy in Young People. Dole from
half a Dram to a Dram and half, in Ale, Beer, or
Wine.

XVII. The Info/ated or Deco fled Oil. It is made
of the green or frefh Heads of Flowers and Leaves
well bruifed , and put into choife Oil Olive , &c. It
reftores Nerves flirunk up by Cramps, Overftrain-
ing, &c. and gives eafe in pains affiift ing any part,
whether the Head, Stomach, Belly or Limbs, by
anointing, Lfc.

XVIII. The Cataplafm of the Heads and Leaves.
Applyed to the Belly of Women with Child, it
prevents Mifcarriage, and caufes then to go out
their whole time, who are apt to that weaknefs *
and being applyed, it alfo gives eafe in pains of
the Gout.

XIX. The Tanfie Pancake . It is pleafant Food
being eaten in the Spring, is very Stomatick,
warms and comforts that Vifcus, and caufes good
Digeftion, and precipitates ill Humors from the
fame.

XX. The Dijiilled Water. Sweetnedwith the
Syrup, it may be given from two Ounces to a
quarter of a Pint or more, againft Fainting and
Swooning Fits, Sicknefs at Hearr, ill Digeftion, &c.
Outwardly applyed, it cleanfes the Face and Skin,
making it fmooth, foft, white and pleafant.

XXI. The Spirituous Tinflure. It has all the
Virtues of the Juice, Effence, Infufion, and Pou-
der ; and which as it is more powerful than them
all, fo it is to be given in a much lefs Dofe, as
from one Spoonful to two Spoonfuls in the Syrup,
or in a Glafs of Stomatick or Diuretick Wine,
morning and night.

XXII. The Acid Tinflurc. It is wonderfully
Aperitive, and of admirable ufe againft all Burn-
ing, Malign and Ptllilenrial Fevers, as alfo againft
the Plague it fclf. It comforts the Stomach, ftays
Vomiting, and kills Worms^ and is to be taken in
all that the Patient drinks, fo many Drops at a
time, as to give ir a pleafing Acidity.

XXIII. The Oily Tinflurc. This is much more
potent in Difeafesof the Urinary parrs than any of
the former Preparations } and may be given againft
Sand, Gravel, Stone, or Tartarous Mucilage in
the Reins, Ureters or Bladder, from 17 to 30 or
40 Drops, being mixed with a little white Sugar,
and then with lome proper Diuretick Vehicle! It
is alfo good againft Afthma’s, and other Difeafes
of the Lungs, Palfies, Cramps, Convulfions, and
other like Weakneffesand Diftempers of the Nerves.

CHAP. DCLXXXII.
Of TANSIE Wild,

OR,

SILVER-WEED.

I. 'T' HE Names. Tho’ it has no known Greek
X Name, yet it is thought to be the fame
which Pliny fib. 26. cap. 13. calls Stephanomelis^
and in lib. 27. cap. 9. and lib. 26. cap. 8. Argemo-
nia , 'Afj auuvd : and others Argemone : in Latine,
Potent ilia , (ab extimijs viribus quibus pellet: )
Argentina ; Tanacetum Sylveftre , velagrcjte Brun-
felfij •, Argemone altera Gefr.eri Of Tragi • Anfe-
rina Taber ntmontani ^ and by fome, Agrimonia
Sylveftris : In Englilh, Wild Tanfie , or Silver-
weed.

II. The Kinds. It is Planta Singularis fui ge-
neris ^ nor do I know any other Author which has
given us another Species thereof, it being not a kin
to the Tanfies.

T he Defcriptions.

III. Its prime or chief Root runs downward like
that of Cinkfoil ^ from whence Springs forth weak
fender creeping Branches , a/moji like Strings
which creep upon the Ground , taking Root again at
the joints every where , round about the place where
it grows , fo that it will quickly overfpread a great
deal of Ground. From thefe creeping Branches or
Strings , foot forth fever al winged Leaves , which
are large , and made of many lejjer ones , fet on both
fides a middle Rib $ fome f mailer being fet among
1 E the

1 1 jo Salmon s 'Herbal Lib. L

the greater, but the fmallef are always at the bot-
tom of the f aid Rib, gradually increafittg in bignefs
as they grow higher towards the top oj the Rib, not
much unlike in form to Agrimony or Mead-fvvcet,
but much differing in fmoothnefs and color ■, and
almofi like in form to Gardcn-Tanfie, from whence
it took its Name -, all which little Leaves are fine-
ly dented about the edges , and are of a fair green
cc'lor cn their up pe /fide, and of a white fhining

Tanfie Wild : Or Silverwed.

Silver Color underneath. It fends up no Stalk , but
the flowers every one of them in particular , fpring
from the Joints (with thofe winged Leaves ) of thofe
creeping Strings , J landing upon a fmall f, lender ,
and not very long footflalk. They conftfl of five
f mall yellow round pointed Leaves , very like to
thofe <?/Cinkfoil.

IV. Gerard deferibes it after this manner. It

creeps along on the Ground with fine flcnder Stalks
and c iff ping 'Ten dr els •, the Leaves are long and
winged , made up of many fmall Leaves , like unto
thofe of the Garden-Tanfie, but leffer ; which are
on the upperfide Green , but on the under fide very
White. The flowers are yellow , and fland upon
fender Stems , as do thofe of Cinkfoil.

V. The Places. It grows Wild almoft every
where in moft parts of England , and many other
Countries j more efpecially near High-ways, moift
places, and running Waters.

VI. The Times. It Flowers in the Prime Sum-
mer Months, chiefly in June and July.

VII. The Qualities, It is cold and dry in the
fecond degree-, Aftringent, Obftru&ive, Anodyne,
Vulnerary and Arthridck.

VIII. The Specification. It flops all Fluxes of
the Bowels, even the Bloody-Flux^ alfo Spitting,
Vomiting, or Filling of Blood, or any other inward
Bleeding. It helps the Whites in Women, and is
profitable againft Ruptures in Children, and is
good to diflipate Contufions ^ fallens loofe Teeth,
and heals Wounds or Ulcers in the Mouth, Throat,
Secrets, or in any other part of the Body ^ drying
up old, moift, corrupt and running Sores. It re-

fifis the Fits of Agues, is faid to break the Stone-
and is good to cool Inflamations in the Eyes, as
alio to take away all difcolourings of the Skin
and to cleanfeic from any kind of Defcedation.

IX. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, I. A Liquid Juice. 2. An Effencc. 3. A
DecoQion in Wine. 4. A Ponder of ike Herb.
> - Gargarifm. 6. An Ointment or Bajattl.
7. An Opbtbalmick. 8. A Catapldfm. 9. A Di .
fiilled Water, do. A Spirituous TinHure. t r . ,/j ?;
Acid Tinlture. 1 2. An Oily TinSure.

The Virtues.

X. The Liquid Juice of the whole Herb. Taker!
to 4 or 6 Ounces, 5 or 4 hours before the coming
of the fit of an Ague, it is laid to cure it, after
iome few times taking. It flops all Fluxes of the
Jiowels, and Bloody Fluxes of what kind foever
whether by the Nofe, Mouth, Bowels, Urinary
parts or Womb; flops the Whites, is profitable
againlt Catarrhs, fattens ioofe Teeth, and is good
againlt Ruptures in Children ; and to break the
Stone whether in Old or Young.

XI. The E Jfence. It has all theformer Virtues
befides which, it heals Wounds ; cleanfes, incar-
nates, and drys up old running Sores, foulUlcers
and weeping Fiftula’s : It is alfo excellent againft
an ophthalmia , abating the Inflatnation to admira-
tion ; and after a lingular manner diflipates Con-
tufions. Dole 2, 5, or 4 Spoonfuls or more in
fotne fit Vehicle Morning and Night.

XII. The Decot/ien in Wine. It has the Vir-
tues of the Juice and EfTence, but in a lower de-
gree, and therefore is to be given in a much larger
Dofe, as to halfa Pint or more. Iteafes alfo pains
and Gripings in the Bowels, and helps Fainting of
the Spirits.

XIII. The Ponder of the Herb anil Elowers. It
has the Virtues of the Juice, but operates not with
that fpeed, becaufe it muff be firft digelfed in th»
Stomach. It is chiefly given to flop the Carriers
of Agues, Spitting and Vomiting of Blood, and
the Whites in Women. Dofefrom halfa Dram to
a Dram and half, in fome Styptick Wine or De-
coftion, or in the Decofiion of this Herb fweet-
ned with Syrup of Comfrey.

XIV. The Gargariftn. it is made of a Etecottion
of the Herb and Heads of Flowers, in Red Port or
Barabar Wine , with the addition of a fmall quan-
tity of Alum ffweetning it afterwards with Honey.
It confolidates green Wounds, cleanfes and heals
Ulcers in the Mouth, Jaws and Throat, they be-
ing often Gargled therewith; it cleanfes and heals
Ulcers alfo in the Privy parts of Man or Woman
as alfo in the Legs and other places of the Body ■
eafes the Toothach, fallens loofe Teeth, ftrength-
ens and fixes the Gums which are loofe and lpongy -
and reftores the Tone of the Uvula when hurt and
weakned, fo as to hang down. If the DecoSion is
made with Water and Common Salt , it difcufles
Contufions, diffolves congealed Blood, by bathing
with it and fo alfo it eafes the pains of the Gout.

XV'. The Ointment or Baljam. They are very
healing, and after cleanfirg and incarnating of a
Wound or Ulcer, they quickly dry it and heal itup.

XVI. The Opbtbalmick. Take of the Juice or
Ejfence four parts ; of the Gargarifm aforegoing
two parts ; rdlified Spirit of Wine one part ; mix
them. It cures Ophthalmies, inflamed and fore
Eyes, and fuch as are affeUed with a continual
hot, fiery and fharp Rheum ; it alfo cures running
Sores, and Ulcers of the Eyes.

XVII. The

Chap. 68^ . ‘EngUjb 'Herbs . 1 1 5 1

XVII. The Cataplafm. It is made of the whole
Green Herb, by beating in a Mortar. Being ap-
plyed to the Soles of the Feet, it abates the burn-
ing heat of Fevers ; and bound pretty hard on to
the Wrilts of both hands, and kept on for foine
days, it cures Agues tho’ of long continuance. Ap-
plyed to Gouty parts it eafes their pains.

XVIII. The Difiillcd Water. It is a cleanfer of
the Skin from all Difcolorings and Ddcedationsj
but if to a Pint of the Diftilled Water you add fix
Drams of Sal RrunelLe in fine Pouder, dilfolving
the fame in a gentle Sand hear, and when cold,
filtring it thro’ brown Paper, it will perform thofe
things much more effectually •, not only removing
Freckles, yellownefs of the Skin, Tanning, Sun-
burning, Pimples, Scurf, Morphew, and the like ^
but withal making the Skin white, fofr, Imooth
and very fair.

XIX. The Spirituous Tintfure. It ftrengthens
the Stomach, refills Vomiting, an# (tops Fluxes of
the Belly potently. Dofe a Spoonful at a rime
Morning and Night, in a Glafs of generous Wine.

XX. The Acid Tintfure. It prevails againft Old
Foetid, Rotten and Stinking Ulcers, and difpofes
them to heal ^ and is of lingular ule to quench
thirft in all vehemently hot and burning Fevers j
and to enervate and profligate the Poifori and Ma-
lignity of the Plague or Peliilence, and of all other
Malign and Peflilential Difeafes. Dofe y o drops.

XXI. The Oily Tintfure. It is good againft the
Gout in the Stomach, and gives eafe in the Gout
in the Limbs or Joints, if anointed thereon. It pre-
vails againft Cramps, Convulfions, Palfies, and
other cold and moift Diftempers of the Nerves,
and of the parts afte&ed, and very much ftrength-
ens them. It gives eafe in the Stone and Stran-
gury, opening the ObftruCtions of thofe parts, and
expelling Sand, Gravel, and Tartarous Slime from
the lame. Dofe from 10 to 30 Drops, in fome
Nephritickor Diuretick Vehicle.

C H A* P. DCLXXXIII.

Of TARE Manured and Wild.

1. f-r+ HE Thames. It is called by Galen in Greek,

X B ikiov, Bictum, as the Aflat icks term it : But
and K vemov- Saracum and Cyamum , with
the Athenians : in Latine, Vicia, and in Englifh,
T are or Vetch.

II. The Kinds. There are 1 . Vicia Sativa , the
Manured Tare or Vetch. 2. Vicia Sylveftris, The
Wild Tare or Vetch. 3. Vicia Sylveflris flore lu-
teo , Vicia perennis, TareEverlalting, of which fee
in the next Chapter.

III. The Manured Kinds are, 1. ’A pcfc», Aphace ,
and Aphaca Matlhioli , Vicia Sativa , Vicia vulgaris
Sativa (- Vicia a Vincicndo as Varro will have it
from Binding : ) Our Common Manured Tare.

2. Vicia Sativa alba-, Vicia Sativa frutfu albo, The
White Manured Tare or Vetch. This Gerard calls
Vicia Indica frutfu albo , becaufe it is probable, that
it was firft brought to us ffom the Indies.

IV. The Wild Kinds are, 1 . Vicia maxima Du-
met orum Bauhini •, Cracca jnajor aliorum -, Os Mun-
di • Vicia Sylvejirn altera Tragi: The great Wild
Hedge -Tare or Vetch. 2. Vicia Sy he (iris alba
Vicia Sylvedrii flore albo Cluflj , White Wild Tare
or Vetch. This Farkinfon fays is the fame with
Dodontm his Galega altera , and alfo with his Vicia

O nobry chi dis flore -, and may be called Vraa Syl‘
veflris Nemorum, or Wild Wood Vetch. 3. Vicia
multiflora five Spicata , The Tufted Tare or Vetch.
4. Arachus five Cracca major (which is the
Galcni) Vicia major Tragi , The greater Wild Vetch
or Tare. y. Arachus live Cracca minor. The Idler
Wild Tare or Vetch. Thefe two laft Dodoneeus
thinks may be that kind of Pulfe growing among
Corn, which the Greeks call ’Ago-p^, Arachis \ Of
all which in Order.

The Def criptions.

V. The firft of the Manured, or our comnio.1
Manured Tare. Its Root is f mall , tenth a great
number of Strings , and perijhes every Tear. It ri-
fles up with divers fqitarc Stalks , fometimes two
Feet or more long , c tit angling them (elves one with
another , that they fland in the Field without need of
any Drop or Stay. 1 he Leaves arc winged , thicker
flet together than in the Wild Kinds , and growing on
both flides of a middle Rib j the end of which , runs
out into a divided Tendrel or Oaf per, which art
larger alfo than thofe in the Wild Kinds. The
Flowers grow two together , and are long and nor-

Tare or Vetch, Manured.

row , of a dark Furple Color , and the Cods which
fuccced them are long and fomewhat broad , in which
lye 5 or 6 flat blackijh Seed , but in fome Grayifh.

VI. Gerard deferibes it thus. It baa flender
four fquare Stalks , almoji three Feet long. The
Leaves are long , with clafping Tcndrels at their
ends , which are made up with many little Leaves ,
growing upon a middle Rib every one of which is
greater , broader , and thicker than that of the Lem

Salmon j- Herbal . Lib. I.

1132

til T be Flowers are like to thofc of the Garden

Bean, but of a black Purple Color. The Cods are
broad , fmall and long , containing for the tnoft part ,
5 or 6 Grains in each , 0/ rf blackifh color , flattifh ,
and of no very pleafing Tafle.

VII. The fecond Manured, or white Manured
Tare or Vetch. This in its Root , Stalks , Winged
Leaves , Fajhion oj its Flowers, or their Color ,
0«7r, £<?/*/» and manner of growing , nor fcarcely in
any thing elfe , differs from the Common Tare be-
fore dejcribed , faving , that this grows higher •, /fo
Leaves are net fo thick , is larger and

rounder , and of a very clear white Color , more
like to Peafe /to Tares.

Defcriptions of the Wild Kinds.

VIII. The firft of the Wild Kinds, or the Great
Wild Hedge Tare or Vetch. This has a creeping
and living Root , growing much like to the firfl Ma-
nured Tare, but is larger in the Size, and number
of the Leaves. Its Stalks are ere fled, being between
1 and 7, Feet in height. The Leaves are Winged ,
commonly a dozen growing upon one Rib , which ends
in a Winding Tendrel : Each peculiar Leaves broad-
er towards the bottom , and fbarper towards the top ,
which ends not flat , to fomevahat pointed. Out of
the bofoms of the Leaves , towards the tops of the
Stalks , f fhort Footflalks ) two , three, or

more, pretty large Peafe fa/hioned blewifo Purple
Flowers, which are fomewbat large , to fhorter
than the former. The fuccecding Cods are like the
firfl, but fhorter and leffer , and of a black color
when ripe, which then fly open of tbemf elves, and
fhew their contained Seed or Grains of a blackifh
Color alfo. This Plant Tragus judges to be the
Aphace Diofcoridis.

T ares Wild Small.

IX. The fecond, or fmall White Wild Tare or Vetch.
Its Root is perennial , at many of the Wild Kinds be.
It fends up Crejled Branches about a hoot and half
high, growing in Form like unto the other , having
thereon , fuch like Winged Leaves as the former ,
but whiter , having a kind of hoary Doan upon
them. The Flowers which grow on fhort Footflalks
out of the Bofoms of the Leaves towards the tops
of the Stalks and Branches , are of a uihitijh Color
with dark Fur pie Veins running thro* them. The
Cods are like thofe of the Common Tare, and the
Seed is flat like them alfo.

X. The third, or Tufted Tare or Vetch. Its
Root creeps under Ground far about , floating out
new Branches every Tear , the old ones being perifl-
ed. It has fuch like trai/i ng Branches eu the others
have , but weaker ; the Winged Leaves are more in
number , 12, 16, 20 or more, fet on a Rib, longer
and narrower than the former, and flanding more
upright , but then are not always fet exaflly oppofite
one to another, but unequally. The Flowers like-
wife which ft and upon long naked Footflalks, are
more in number, fometimes twenty together, but
f mailer, and fometbing like to the Flowers of
Onobrichis, or ,Cocks-head, and of a bright blcioifl
purple Color , and fometimes of a dark Furple with
fome white in 1 hem. The Cods are long, containing
within them black Seed.

XI. The fourth, or the greater Wild Tare or
Vetch. Its Root is fmall , and perilhes every Tear.
It hits a few flender Crejled Stalks lying on the
Ground, if it finds nothing on which it can climb
or take hold. At the joints come forth Winged
Leaves, many fmall ones being fet on both fidcs
of a middle Rib, which ends m a Clafper, but
leffer than thofe of Lentils or the Manured Tare.
The Flowers are Furple, in form like thofe of the
Tare, and grow ufual/y but one at a Joint. After
which come fmall long black Cods, leffer than thofe
oft he Common Tare. The Seed or Grains arc alfo
lefs, and round, not flat as thofe of Tares are.

XII. The fifth, or Leffer Wild Tare or Vetch.
Its Root is fibrous, and has feveral fmall while
Kernels hanging among them. This differs nothing
from the former but in its ftnallnejs , excepting
that this has whitifl Flowers flanding in Tufts at
the tops of the Stalks. The Cods which follow,
are fhorter and fometbing hairy , and the Seed or
Grains within, Whitifl.

XIII. The Places. The two firft kinds are Sown
in Fields for their profir of Feeding Cartel, either
with the Grain or Straw, or both; and ofthe Grain
the poorer fort of People in many Countries are
force ro make Bread, Cakes, Puddings, OV. The
Wild kinds are found by Hedge- Sides, in Woods
and moilt Grounds, and among Bullies in many
parts of this Kingdom ; for they will grow in any
Ground pr Soil whatfoever. The fourth and fifth
of the Wild Kinds are often found in the Fields a-
mong Corn, where they will in a rainy Seafon
quickly overfpread it, and kill it, or any other
Herbs they grow by.

XIV. The Times. The Manured, and the three

firft Wild Kinds, Flower in May and June ; the
fourth and fifth in July, and the Cods or Grains
are ripe in Auguft or September.

XV. The Qualities. They are temperate in re-
fpeft to heat or cold, drinefs or moifture ; Alirin-
genr, Glutinative, Vulnerary, andReftorative.

XVI. The Specification. They Hop Fluxes and
cure running Ulcers and Cankers which are ready
to Gangrene.

XVII. The Preparations. You may make of
them, r. Bread, Cakes and Paddings. 2. Potage.

3. A Meal er Flower. 4. ACataplafm.

The

The Virtues .

XVIII. The Breads Cokes, Budding, &c. They
are made and ufed cor, (burly in many Countries,
among the poorer fort of People ; which tho’coarfe
Food , and fomething hard of Digeition, yet
nourilh much: And in many other places they are
forced to be eaten by all forts of People, in times
of Famine.

XIX. The Forage. It is made by boiling them
foft in Water, then adding thereto Meal, Pork,
Cabbage, Coleworts, and other Herbs, or Milk.
It nouriflies very much, reftores in Conlumptions,
and flops Fluxes of the Bowels.

XX. The Meal or Flower. Applyed plenti-
fully to Bleeding Wounds, and old running Sores,
it flops the Bleeding, and the Flux of Humors to
the part ^ more efpecially, if an eighth or fixth
part of Roch Alum in fine Pouder be added to it.

XXI. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Meal
or Flower being mixed with Milk , or Smiths
Forge Water. Being applyed to running Sores or
Ulcers, it flops the Defluxion, cleanfes them, and
prevents a Gangrene if approaching ; and being
laid warm all over thewholeBody, it flops Fluxes
of the Bowels.

XXII. Nota. The fourth and fifth of the Wild
Kinds, are Pulfes with which Doves or Pigeons
are much delighted : And altho’ the Fowls are
wild, yet where the Dove-Houles are ferved here-
with, they will refort to the lame, and in fome
little time become Tame with the reft. And there-
fore in fome Countries, whole Fields are Sown
with them to ferve for that ufe*

CHAP. DCLXXXIV.

Of TARE Everlafting .

I. HptfE Names. It is called in Greek, a £QuS&
_L * in Latine, Lathyrus perennis ; in

Englifti, Tare Everlafting.

II. The Kinds. We make two forts hereof,
viz. I . Lathyrus perennis Lathyrus Sylvejlris
flore luteo \ Vicia perennis , Vida Sylvejlris flore
luteo Tare Everlafting, properly fo called. 2. Vi-
cia Sylvejlris perennis , Vicia Sylvejlris vulgaris ,
Strangle Tare, and Common Wild Tare.

The Descriptions.

III. The firft, or Tare Everlafting. Its Root is
fmall and rough , running infinitely under Ground ',
fcarcely to be dejlroyed. It is a ramping Wild Tare
or Vetch, and is the mofi pernicious Herb that can
grow on the Earth , for Corn or any other Herbage ,
by over-running , fir angling as it were , and killing
them : It fends forth long rough trailing Stalks ,
having fmall , long , and fharp pointed Leaves fet on
them one oppofite to another , at due difiances , with
Tendrels or Clafpers at the ends of the Branches :
The F lowers fiand upon pretty long Footfialks , pro-
ceeding from the Bofoms of the Leaves , which are
many upon a Stalk , and yellow 5 after which come
fmall round. Cods with blackifh fmall Grains with-
in them .

Tare or Vetch, Everlaftinsr.

IV. Gerard defcribes it thus. Its Roots are very
fmall, , long , tough , and in Number infinite ; info-
much, that being once gotten into a Ground, it is
almoft impojjible to root it forth , unlefs the Earth
be digged up with the Roots, and both cafl into a
River or Burned. From thefe Roots fpring divers
very fmall ramping Stalks, tough , and leaning
this way and that way, not able to fiand of them-
fe Ives without the help of Props, or fome thing fund-
ing by them to be a Support. The Leaves are very
thin , and fharp pointed. The Flowers grow along
the Leaves, in form like Peafe Blojfoms, but of a
bright yellow Color. Doubt lefs this is one of the
moji hurtful and pernicious Weeds that grows, to
all manner of green Herbs, or any Wood xohatfoever.
Johnfon Jays, for the refemblance it has to Aphaca,
he ufes to call it Aphacoides.

V. The fecond, or Strangle Tare, or Common

Wild Tare. Its Root is long, flender and firingy ,
from whence fprings up many flender weak Branches !
The Leaves are winged, and much fmaller than in
the Common Manured Tare, round or broad pointed,
and fometimes dented in in the middle of the end
fiandmg upon a middle Rib, which ends in clafping
Tendrels. The Flowers are of a Purple Color, and
commonly grow but one at a joint upon fhort Foot-
ftalks -, after which come long, fiat, fharp pointed
Cods, which contain for the mofi part, 9 or lo
Grains or Seeds in each. In fome Countries this
Plant is called Tine ; it is a ramping Herb , like to
the Common Tare, climbing up upon C$rn, if it
chances to grow among it, and will wen prefs or beat
it down to the Ground, and overgrows the fame lit
fuch a manner, that it firangles, fpoils and kills
it not only Wheat, but all other Grain whatfoever*
So that among Country Farmers it is better known
than defired, VI, Tbt

xi ^ Salmon’/ Herbal. Lib. 1.

Vi. T be Places. The firft is generally found in j
Fields and Orchards, and other like places ; alfo in
Graffy Paftures, Borders of Fields, and in Corn I
Lands almolt every were : It is found oltner than
the Owners ofGroundswouldhaveit, being a kind
of Plague, or mighty Incumbrance to any place
where it once gets footing. The fecond grows
generally in Plowed Lands, where it becomes the
Husband-Mans Vexation in hurting and deltroying
his Corn. But both thefe Plants will grow in any
Ground or Soil wharfoever.

VII. The Times. They Flower in the latter end
of May, thro1 all June , and fometimes in fome
part of July ; and the Grain is ripe in Auguft and
September, fooner or later, according to its time
of Flowering.

VIII. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations
and Virtues ol thefe, are the fame with thofe of
th t Common ManuredTare, in the former Chapter-,
fo that no more need befaid ol them in this place.
The Grain may be made into Meal or Flower; or
boil’d into Pulrage and eaten, as other Pu'U'es are,
but thefe are of a thicker Conliltence, and there-
fore may be thought to nourilh very much : With-
out doubt in time of Famine it would be an accep-
table Food ; at other times they are not eaten, but
the Grain, as alfo the Straw, are Food for Cattel,
as nourilhing them exceedingly.

CHAP. DCLXXXV.

Tarragon.

Of TARRAGON.

I. /T 'HE Names. It has no Greek Name that
JL we know of, but it is called in Latine,
T ragum *, Tragum vulgare Clufij -, Tarchon •, Dra-
co * Dracunculus hortcnfis -, Draco Hortenfis -,
and in Fnglifh, Tarragon.

II. The Kinds. It is Singular is fui generis, tho’
fome have held it not to be an Herb of its own
Kind: And KueJlius was of that vain and falfe
Opinion, That it was firft produced by putting
Linfeed into the Root of a Radifh, or of an
Onion being opened, and fo fet into the Ground,
which when it fprings up, brings forth this Herb
Tarragon \ which Folly, Matthiolus by certain
Experience fays has been found falfe.

The Descriptions .

III. Its Root is white, and creeps about underGround,
by which it much increajcs. It has many. long, nar-
row, Jharp pointed green Leaves , fometimes of a
dark green, and fometimes of a more light Color,
growing upon fhort J lender Loot folks ; which are fo
numerous, as even to hide in a manner the Stalks
the mf elves, which are of the fame Color, round and
brittle, fometimes two Feet or more high -, at the
tops of which come forth long fender Spikes , of
fmall yellow if Flowers, which feldom give any good
Seed, but a dufly or chaffy matter, which is difperfed
with the Wind, the whole Herb is of a hot and bi-
ting tafle.

IV. Gerard deferibes it after this manner. Its
Root is long and fibrous creeping far abroad under

Ground,, as do the Roots of Quich- Grafs, by which
fpr outing up, it increafes, yielding no Seed at all.

It has long and narrow Leaves of a deep green Co-
lor, longer than thofe of our Common Garden
Hyffop, with fender round brittle Stalks, about
two Cubits high. Round the Branches whereof
fpr mg forth little round Flowers, which never per-
fedly open, of a yellow Color mixed with black,
like thofe of Common Wormwood : after which
fucceeds a certain Chaffy or Dufy matter as it were,
which fly s away with the Wind.

V. The P laces. For all that I know it is a Na-
tive .of England , and grows with us only in Gar-
dens, where (if the Ground is good) it ftouriflies
admirably.

VLTfc Times. It is green all the Summer
Months, and a great part of Autumn, and bow-
ers in July.

VII. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the
end of the fecond Degree : Aperitive, Aftriflive
Attraflive Digeftive, Difcuffive, Diuretick and
Traumatick; Stomatick, Cephalick, Neurotick
Cardtack, Splenetick, Nephtitick, Arthritick and
Hyitenck; Lmmenagogick, Sudorifick, and Alex-
lpharmick.

VIII. T he Specification. It refills Vomiting re-
ntes Appetite loft cures Convulfions, Pallies,
Trembhng and Weaknefs of the Limbs or extream
pans; is profitable againft a Teucopkleematia ex-
pels Wind gives eafe in the Cl, click, provokes
Urine and the Terms in Women; and is an admi-
rable Remedy againft the Scurvy in a cold Habit
or body.

IX. The Preparations. You may have there-
Xtom i. A Liquid Jatce. 7. An Efience. 7 A
DeccUton tn Wme. 4. A Dfitl/edlVatenr , A

\ Spirituous TmOure. 6. An AeiiTinSure. 7 An
I Otly Ttnflure. 8. A Balfam. 9. A Sailer.

Th:

The Virtues .

X. The Liquid Juice. It is an Antidote againlt
a cold Scurvy, prevails againfl: an incipient Leuco -
phlegmatia, is good againlt Paintings, Weaknefs
of the Stomach, want of Appetite and Digeltion •,
Stranguria , or Stoppage of Urine, thro5 Stones,
Gravel, Sand or Tartarous matter oblhubting the
Urinary Pa (Pages. Dofe one or two Spoonfuls in a
Glafs of White Lisbon , cr other Diuretick Wine
Morning and Night.

XI. The Effence. It has all the iflrtues of the
Juice, but more potent, warming and comforting
the Stomach and Vilcera* it difeuffes and expels
Wind, gives eafe in the Cholick, is profitable
againlt Conviilfions and Palfies, refills Vomiting,
caufes Appetite, and admirably provokes the Perms
in Women. Dofe one or two Spoonfuls in Wine
as aibrefaid.

XII. The DecoJion in Wine. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Juice and Effence, but much weaker,
and therefore may be given to half a Pint at a time,
fweetned with Syrup of Clovegilliflovocrs , Violets ,
or AT/ fly Mallows. It heals inward Wounds, and
being ‘drunk conffantly at Phyfical Hours, it difpo-
fes old running Sores and Ulcers to heal-, more ef-
pecially if they be outwardly walked therewith,
being firlt fweetned with a little Honey.

XIII. The DiJiilled Water. It is fometimes ufed
as a Cofmetick to Beau title the Face and Skin, and
to take away the Defcedations thereof j which it
does more effectually, if either Sal Prunella , or
Saccharum Saturn (half an Ounce of either of
them to a Pint of the Water) be diffolved therein.
Inwardly taken, it has the Virtues of the Juice and
Effence, but in a far weaker degree however it
is profitable in ObltruCtions of the Reins and Blad-
der, if it be taken 3 or 4 Ounces at a time, fweet-
ned with Syrup of Marjh Mallows.

XIV. The Spirituous Tintlure. It comforts and
warms the Stomach, ftrengthens it, and caufes a
good Digeltion : And after due purging off' the
Morbifick matter, it is very profitable againft the
Palfie, Colick, Gout, Dropfy and Scurvy, resto-
ring after an excellent manner, the depraved Tone
of the Vifcera. Dofe one or two Spoonfuls at a
time in a Glafs of Wine, or well fweetned with
Syrupus de Althaa ; and this, Morning, Noon,
and Night.

XV. The Acid Tin Jure. It is Antifebritick,
Antipeftilential, and Antifcorbutick * it cools all
preternatural Heats, expels Poilon, and is fingularly
Alexipharmick, refilling not only Vegetable Poi-
lons, as thofe of Henbane, Monks-hood, Night-
Ihade, Wolfsbane, &c. but alfo Animal Poilons,
as thofe of the Bitiugs of Serpents, as Vipers,
Rattle-Snakes, Mad Dogs, Cfc. and the Sringings
of Hornets, Scorpions, & c. Dofe fo much as to
give the Vehicle (which ought in this cafe to be
Lome fort of Alexipharmick Wine) a pretty fharp
acid tafte, fo as it may be tolerably drunk.

XVI. The Oily Tin Jure. It is profitably given
againlt the Strangury, Stone, Gravel, Sand, and
Tartarous matter in the Reins, Ureters and Blad-
der } it takes away the heat and Raiding of the
Urine, gives eafe in the pains of the Back, and
itrengthens it =, is good againlt the Colick, and of
lingular ufe in inward Convulfions, as alfo in Pal-
fies, being taken from 1 2, to 30 or 40 drops (accord-
ing to Age and Circumltances) in any appropriate
Liquor, Morning and Evening. Anointed with
•alio outwardly any pained., cold, weak, or benum-

med part, it gives eafe to the lame, and in a (hort
time reltores and ftrengthens it.

XVII. 2 he Bal/am. Take Chio Turpentine 4
Ounces, Balfam of Peru a Ounces, Bees Wax one
Ounce ; melt and mix them well together-, then add
of the former Oily Tintlure an Ounce and half ,
mix andjhr them till the Mafs is cold. Applyed
to any weak part it ftrengthens it, and eafes pains
proceeding from a cold Caufe: It alfo cures Ample
green Wounds, many times at once drefting : Alfo
old running Sores, putrid and rotten Ulcers, hoc.
itcleanfes, incarnates, and healsthem up in afliorc
time. Inwardly nke a Dram or morear atime it
cures the Bloody flux, and Ulcers of the Inteftin’es;
Hops the whites in Women, and a Gonorrhoea in
Men, after due cleanling with other proper Me-
dicines. ■

XVIII. The S, diet. It is commonly mixed with
cold Herbs, as Lcttice% Vurflane , to temper their
Coldnefs, and make them more agreeable to the
Stomach and Bowels, and withal it gives them a
more grateful or pleafant Flavor, and makes them
more Stomatick.

XIX. Not a. Authors I mult confefshave faid
little or nothing of this Herb ^ but finding by its
Grateful Smell and Tulte, that there mult be forae-
thing more than ordinary in it, I was relolvedto
make fome Trials of it in the Practice of Phyfick,
and accordingly at feveral times, have made all
the Preparations of it before named ^ which after
lome Years ufing of them, have found them benefi-
cial for curing, helping, or giving relief in all or
molt of the Dileafes aforementioned ; fo that what-
ever I have here laid of it, is truly from my own
Experience.

CHAP DCLXXXVI.

Of T E A S L E Carden and Wild.

t T1 U E Names. It is called in Arabick Chir,

,rr?r-ta: in Greek’ In Latine

auo Dipjacus : and Labrum Veneris from the
Greek n< it is alfo called, Carduus

Veneris: inEnglifli, Teafle.

II. T/w Winds. Authors make many forts of
this Plant, wefhall only take notice of two which
are common with us, viz. i . Dipfacus fatbits -
Dipfacus Fullonum , Carduus Fullonum , (which is
thought to be Gallidragon Xenocratis Plinio J Our
Sf1™ ” Manured Teafle. 2. Dipjacus Sylvefiris ,
1 he W lid 1 eafle. Some add a third, viz. Virgl
Baftons, Shepherds Rod, which we think is no
Species ot this Plant, and therefore have treated
ot it in another place.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firft, or Our Garden or Manured Teafle
Its Root is white, long, and fmewbat great at the
Head, with feveral long Strings and fmall Fibres
adjoining to it, which dies every Tear after the
Heads are ripe. The lower Leaves for the fell
lear are very large and long, formed Something
like to Lett ice, of a pale green Color ; more gentle
or not jo hard as thofe which arc fet on the Stalks
but dented about the edges ; and the middle Rib on
the bafk or under fide thereof, is fet very thick with

fiort

ii;>6 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. 1.

Teafle Manured.

/mailer , yet larger, but narrower, armed on the
underfide of its middle Rib, with the like Jharp
Prickles. It has like Heads as the jormer
which bring forth like flowers, Jiving that
they are oj a fine Blujh, or Pale Carnation
or Delicate Purple Color. T he Prickles on the
Heads of flowers are J mall , foft , and upright
nothing Jo hard, or fharp, as the other-, and
fo not hooked, or with their Points bending
downwards as the former : And the Seed is
like the fame, with very little Difference. In

the

fhort Prickles, from among thefe Leaves rije up
"the Stalks tor 4 feet high, armed front the bottom
to the' top, with fmall pard, fhort, and Jharp
Prickles, jointed in fever al places, and two fuch
Leaves Jet at them : both of which Leaves are Jo
joined together at the bottom or joint, fo as to en-

Teafle Manured.

compafs the Stalk about , that they do contain the
Ram or Dew which falls upon them, being feme -
thing harder and ftiffcr, and more prickly than ' tire
lower Leaves , as was before hinted. From between
the Leaves and the Stalks on each fide , fpring forth
Branches prickly alfo , and with Joints , Jet with the
like encompajjtng hollow Leaves , but leffcr. And
from their Joints rije long prickly Stalks , but bare
of Leaves , having on their tops , a round Head
fome thing long , armed with ft iff , fhort, and crooked
Prickle* fafh ton'd like Hooks, bending their points
downwards towards the Stalk •, thefe are green at
firft, but when ripe white, bom about this Head ,
come forth whitifh hooded Flowers appearing in Cir-
cles, and I lowering by degrees, for the moji part be-
ginning in the middle, and from thence Flowering
downwards and upwards. In the fever a l Cells of
which Flowers, is contained the Seed, which is fmall ,
fome what long and round, and of a whitifh Color,
almoft like Fennel Seed. The middle part of the
Head is always hollow, which being opened, you will
fnd it to contain one or more long whitifh Worms ,
almoft like Carterpillars, which are (the Head being
ripe ) for the moft part found Dead.

IV. The iecond, or Wild Teafle. Its Root is
like the former , Jo alfo its Stalks and Branches ,
which are full of fharp Prickles. Its Leaves are

Teafle Wild.

the hollow of the middle , there is generally found
one long Worm, which in Form and Shape much
rcfcmbles a Caterpillar, and oj a black Color ,

Wild Teaflc.

but (the Heads bang full ripe) is for the mft
part found Dead , like as in the Manured. _

' V. 'The Places. The tirft is only Sown in Gar-
dens or Fields, for the ufe of Clothworkers. The
fecond grows in wild and wafte Places, by Hedge
and Duck lides , alfo in moift Grounds, near
Brooks, Rills, and Handing Waters, in almoft all
parts of this Kingdom.

VI. The Times. They Flower for the molt part
.in June and July -, and the Heads with the Seed,
are ripe in Augujf, or not long after.

Vlf. The Qualities. VwcTeafle is laid to be
cold and dry : Galen fays it is dry in the fecond
Degree, and Abfterfive, or of a cleanfing Faculty.

VIII. The specification. It cures Wounds, cools
Infiamations of the Eyes and other parts ; and is
profitable againft Frenzy andMadnefs.

IX. The Preparations. You may hare there-
from, I . A Juice of the Leaves. 2. A Cataplafm
of the Roots, a. A Cataplafm of the Leaves.
4. at Dijiillei Waterfront the Leaves.

'The Virtues.

X The Liquid Juice of the Leaves. If it is
dropt into the Ears, it kills Worms in them ; Snuft
up the Nolbils, and bathed upon the Forehead and
Temples it eafes the pain oi the Head from a
hot Caufe, and is good againft Deliriums.

XI The Cataplafm of the Roots. It is made oj
the Roots bruifed and boiled in Wine to a pulpy
thicknefs , after which it is put into a Brafs or Cop-
per Bafon or Pot , to be Tinhlured with the Verit-
grife of the fame. This fpread upon Pledgers of

Tow or fine Flax, and applyed ro the Fundament
heals the Clefts thereof •, as all'o Ficus, Cankers
Ulcers and Filtula's therein ; and applyed ro Wart?
and Wens, it waftes, confiitoes, and takes them
away.

XII. The Cat aplafrn of the Leaves. Beaten foft
in a Mortar with a Tittle Spirit of Wine , in which
fome Camphir and Opium are dijjolvcd , and applyed
to the Forehead and Temples, it allays the preter-
natural hear, gives prefent eafe in vehement Head-
achs, and abates the Paroxyfms of Frenzy and
Madnefs i Applyed alfo ro parts pained with the
Gout, it gives eafe in the fame.

XIII. The Di II Hied Water of the Leaves. Being
dropt into the Eyes, it is good to cool their Inca-
rnation, and take away Blood- Shot, and clear them
of fuch Miffs, &c. as darken the Sight. The
Face and Skin being firft wafht with warm Water,
and wiped with a Cloth, and then wafiit with this
Dijlillcd Water , it preferves the Beauty and Fine-
nefs thereof and if loft reftores it again * taking
away Redncfs, InftamationS, Pimples, Breakings
out, Scurff, Morphew, Scabs, and other the like
Defedations Bnc it will be fo much the more
effectual, if to every Pint of the Water, 2 or 3
Drams of Sac char um Sat urn i be added, arid dilfol-
ved therein.

TETTER-BERRY, fee Bryony, Chap. 89.
TETTER- WORT, fee Celandine, Chap. 120.
THEE, fee Lib. II. Chap.

CHAP. DCLXXXVII.

Of THISTLES Common
and IV ild.

I. '“p 'HE Names. The Thiftle is called in Greek,
X 'A istr©- and sWu©-, (which almoft all
Authors tranllate by the General Name Carduus .- )
and'Aim.!©., (which is alfo a Common Name for
all kinds ofThiftles : ) but thefe two latter Names
are alfo peculiar to two lingular Plants, or kinds
of Thiftles, viz. t. 2kom(k©- or oy.iflo.Q-. Scolymus .
which is Kazr®- Tbeophrajii, i. e. CineraSy/veJIris,
The Wild Hartichoake, which fee in Chap. 539.
aforegoing. 2. * Uyoofer yfe.yy.rlo.. i. e. Branca Ur-
fina , Bears-Breech, which fee alfo in Chap. 58 of
this Book. In Latine, the general Name is Car-
duus. pi. Cardui ; to which for every particu-
lar Species, fome proper F.pithite is commonly
adjoined. The Prickly Heads are called i
Echinus.

II. The Kinds. All the kinds of Thiftles are
too many to be either Named or Treated of in this
Work, which would be as Vain as it would be te-
dious and ufelefs; many of them being infignifi-
cant as to their Virtues, and many others Natives
of Foreign Countries, and fo perfefl Strangers to
us, that poliibly they might not be feen by an
Eng/ifh Man in many Ages. We fhall therefore
Treat only here of thofe which are moil: Common
and Wild in out Land. Fifteen Species 6f which,
we (hall difeourfe of in this Chapter^ vie. 1. Car-
duus Ccanothus, Carduus Viahnn & Vinearum ,
Ceanotbos Theophrafli (Lib. 4. Cap. 11.) Anguitlaru
& Column i ; Carduus Vinearum repens Bauhini ,
(becaufe its Root creeps much under Ground : )
7 F Carduut

1138

Salmon j Herbal . Lib. I

Carduus vulgatiffimui Viarum , The Common High-
way Thiftle. 2. in- - 1 Poly.icanlbos (quafi.
Spine mullA ) Pqlycephalos (quad plu-

ra capita) fo called from the many Prickles and
many Heads: AculcofaGazf : The molt Prickly
Thiltl'e, or Thiitle upon Thiftle. 3. 'cwUJ©-,

0 nopyx us, (quafi A fmius Buxus ) and fo Gaza ren-
ders it out or Tbeophrafius, ( quafi fit A Jims Cibus
gratijfimus,) Carduus Sylvefris Dodonai, Carduus
A fmius Gcfnen : The Common Affes, orWay-
ahiltle. a. Onopyxus alter angufiifolius , Another
narrow LcavM YVay-Thiltle. 5. Onopyxus parvus
acuieotus, The Gentle Way-Thiftle. 6. 'Orm;Jis,
On pbrdon . (quad Ji camcderinr Afini crepitus
reddere dicahtur) Carduus Afinius The Affes
Farting Thiitle, for that it is faid when Affes feed
thereon, it caufes them to break Wind backwards
more than at other times. 7. a .gvm, D/ypis,
dithtm patent a Lancinando , ) Drypis quorunaam

1 ugdunenfi , The Lancing Thiftle, from its Prickles
Wounding almoft like a Lancet, 8. Carduus pra-
tenfis Tragi, Gefneri if Lobelij ; Acanthus Syl-
veflrit Lugduncnfs , The Broad Leav’d Field
Thiftle. 9. Carduus pratenfis Acanthifolijs lacini-
atis Bauhini-, Erifitbales Plinij, (Lib. 26. Cap.13.}
Lugduncnfs. The Yellow jagg’d Meadow-Thiftle.
10. Carduus Bulbofus ; Leucacanlha Anguillare ;
Carduus pratenfis AJpbodeli radice latifolius Bau-
hini ; The Bullied Field Thiftle. n. Carduus
pratenfis Afphodeli radicibus, f'olijs profunde f
tenuiter Lacinialis Bauhini-, Acanthus Sylvcftris
alter Dalechampij Lugdunenji ; Jacca aculeate five
Tuberofi Taiernamontani ; Jacca Tuberofa Ge-
rardi -, Meadow Thiftle with Afphodil Roots.
12. Carduus pratenfis polycephalos Bauhini , The
many Headed Meadow Thiftle. 13. Carduus pa-
htftris Bauhini, The Marfh, or moift Meadow-
Thiftle. 14. Carduus AvenariusThalij Carduus
Arvenfis Tabermcmontam ; Carduus in Avena
prerveritens Bauhini-, Drypis Ltmiceri Lugdunenji -,
Carduus Mufchatus Gerardi , The Oat-Land, or
Musk-Tlliftle. 1 5. Carduus Lanccatus latifolius
major. The Greater Broad Leav’d Spear Thiitle.

HI. The remaining Species are, 1. Carduus Be-
ncdiltus. The Bleffed Thiftle, of which in Chap.
688. 2. Carduus Tomentofus, The Cotton or

Woolly Thiftle, of which in Chap. 689. 3, Car-

duus Car/ina did us, the Carline Thiftle, of which
in Chap. 690. 4. Carduus Crifium DiUus , The
Melancholy Thiitle, of which in Chap. 691.
5. Carduus Laileus, vel Marie, The Milky or
Ladies Thiftle, of which in Chap. 692. 6. Car-
duus Stellatus vel Stellaris , The Star-Thiftle, of
which in Chap, 693. 7. Carduus Sco/ymus , The
Thiftle Scolymus, which fee in Chap. 694. fol-
lowing.

Tire Defcriptions.

IV. The full, or our Common High-way
Thiftle. Its Roots are veiy fmall and whit ijh, run-
ning both deep and far about under Ground, like
unto Ouich-Grafs, but not knotted in the Joints
like it, but Jhoots tip heads of Leaves from the
Branches of the Root,fo that it mil be as bad or
worfe rhwtQuich-grals, to root out of any Ground
or place, where it is once got in. The Leaves are of
a pale green Color, Jomewbat like unto the rough or
prickly Sow-Thiftle ; a little cut in, and as it were
crumpled on the edges, armed with very fmall and
fharp hard prickles. The Stalk grows to be about a
Tar d high, ft raked and prickly , with fame fuel] like
Leaves thereon as the lower be, but fmaller towards
the Tops, where it is fared with cruel (harp , hard
prickly Heads , repleat with Purple Flowers made of
Thrums in the middle , which afterwards pafs into
Down, in which is wrapped the Seed.

V. The fecond, or molt Prickly Thiftle or
Thiftle upon Thiftle. Its Root is tong, fender.
blanched fotth, having fever al litres adjoining
to it, not running very deep into the Earth. Iris

Thiftle upon Thiftle.

" thc n°fi Prickly Thiftle of the whole kind, and of
it were compofed wholly of Trickles. Thc Suits
thereof are very long, and Jicm to be corner'd,
t>y reajon 0) certain thin Skins growing to than
proceeding from the Leaves, which are, (as alfo
the Branches) plentifully for ed with fharp Trickles
up to then- tops , that nothing elfe is to be feen
lhe Leaves are Jhort and narrow, cut in on every
fide with many deep Gajbes, fo thick fet on boil,
fides with fmall fharp Trickles up to their very

C4i'ua,a ,hey Uke u? aU lhe °f Loaves.
1 be Heads are very many, and very thick Jet in
every place with fiijf (harp Trickles, cloathed with
a multitude of Scales, out of which come Purple
Flowers like Thrums, with Down and Seed therein
contained, as in other Tkifl/cs.

VI; Thre third, or rhe Common Affes, or Way-
Thutle. Its Root is blackijh, hard and woody, which
penjhes every Tear after Seed time. From whence
rtfes Several long Leaves, lying Cempafs-wife on
the Ground, very hairy all over, efpectally whim
they are loung, of a deep or fad green Color, long
and Jomewbat narrow , rent or torn in on theed-cs
and fet with very many fharp Prickles. From
among which, rife up very Prickly Stalks, armed
with fharp prickly Fibres, branching forth in f
veral places, and fet with the like Leaves up to
the tops, where grow fcveial Heads , very much
flored with fharp Pricks on all fides ; out of who Je
midd e come forth the Flowers, confifing of a 'great
numbet of Purplijh Threads, of an excellent brisk
lively Color, which being pad away, the Seed comes
lying in Doan as in other Tb (files.

VII. The

Englijb 'Herbs.

1 1

39

Affes Thiftle.

VII. The fourth, or another Narrow - Leav’d
Way - Thiftle. Its Root , Form and manner of
Growing , is much like the former , but /> differs in
this , that the Leaves hereof arc longer , narrower
more gafht, or rent in on the edges , and not hairy \
but fmooth all the LeaJ over. It has Heads of
Flowers which are Purple like the other , but fome
times white , /'// //r Prickles differing little or no-
thing from other Thiftles and when the Flowers
are paft , there remains the Down and Seed , //&
asm all others of the Species.

VIII. The fifth, or the Gentle -Way Thiftle.
Its Root , Stalky and manner of Growings is very
like the former , but it differs chiefly in the Heads ,
which grow many together , and are but thinly Jet
with Prickles , nothing near fo much as fome of the ,
others •, but the Leaves are more jagged , and fet
very thick with fhort Prickles. The Stalks are
round and a little prickly, but not filmed as the for-
mer, and at the tops of the Stalks and Branches
are Jcaly Heads, of like Purple Flowers, contain-
ing within them Down and Seed.

IX. The fixth, or the Aftes Farting Thiftle. Its
Root is about a Foot long, thick and black, with fome
Fibres adjoining to it. It has many long Leaves,
Jet on cornered Woolly Stalks, which grow fome-
times aim oil to a Mans height , but not Branched at
all the Leaves Jeeming like Branches, being a Foot
or more long, and much divided into many other
Leaves, fome long or narrow , others fmaller and
fhorte>-, fet with them at certain f paces, each ending
in a fharp long Prickle. From the upper Joints of
the Stalks with the Leaves, and at the tops alfo ,
come forth Woolly Heads upon fmall Footflalks, fet
with long Prickles ■, from the midft whereof, thrufl
forth fever al bright reddifh Purple Threads, which
are the Flowers, which being paft away, there re-
mains the Down containing the Seed, in like manner
as in other Thiftle s.

X. The leventh, or the Lancing Thiftle. Its
Root is ivhit c and thick, not growing very deep. It
rifes up with divers f lender Stalks, fome times a l-
moft to a Mans height, whofe long and narrow
Leaves are made up of many parts, finally cut in or
divided into many fmall points, with a fhort Foot-
ftalk encompajfing the Stalk at the lower end. Jr
the tops grow Jingle , Jcaly, green. Prickly Heads,
from whofe middle comes forth the I lower, which in
fome is Purp/Jh , in fome Whitijh, and ih others
very Red, or of a bright Crin/f on Color, which con-
ffts of a great number of long Threads like a Thrum.
After the Flowers are pajl> there remain slhe Down,
in which is contained the Seed, which is fmall,
fmooth, and reddifh.

XI. The eighth, or Broad Leav’d Field-Thiftie.
Its Root is fomething long and thick , abiding feve-
ral Tears, which fends forth Jcvcral large and long
Leaves, cut in on the edges , and every part finely
dented, and Jet with fmall Prickles which are ve-
ry tender , of a whitijh green Color. Thofe which
grow up higher upon the Stalks are fmaller, two of
them fet t [gather at a Joint, where they fo cncom-
pafs the Stalk , that they will contain or hold Water
in them. At the tops upon long Stalks, grow Jingle
green Prickly Heads, out of which come pale Co-
loured Thrums, encompajfing a few Purple Threads
in the middle. After they are faded and gone, there
remains the Down, as in all other Thiftle s, in which
is contained fmall whitijh Seed, fomething larger
than that of Cyanus, Corn - Flower, or Blew-
Bottle.

XII. The Ninth, or Yellow; Jagg’d Meadow-
Thiftle. Its Root It great, long, crooked and
fpr ending in the Earth. It has very large Leaves,
almoft a Foot long, and fomewhat broad, cut in on
both Jides into 4 or 5 deep Gafhes, even to the
middle Rib, and fet with Prickles at the Dents of
the Edges. From whence rifes up a ft raked Stalk
about two Feet high, fet with a few IcJJcr Leaves ;
at the tops whereof, ftand feveral fmall green Prick-
ly Heads, out of whofe middles come yellow Threads
or Thrums, which afterwards yield Down, in which
is enc/ofedthe Seed.

XIII. The tenth, or the Bulbed Field Thiftle.

Its Root is ccmpofed of feveral Tuberous fmall long
Clogs , like unto thofe of the Afphodil, fa fined toge-
gether at the Head. The Leaves are whitijh, of an
Aland breadth long, fomething fat and thick, cut
in on the edges, but not very deep, armed at
every Dent with fmall fharp Prickles. The Stalk
is about a Tard high, hairy and flender, with few or
no Leaves thereon, at the top of which , there are
harmlefs Prickly Heads, Jianding upon long Foot-
Stalks, out of which come pale Purplijh Threads or
Thrums, and after them much Down, in which the
Seed is contained.

XIV. The elveventh, or Meadow-Thiftle with
Afphodil Roots. Its Root confijis of feveral, or
many long blackifh Tuberous Clogs, like unto thofe
of the Afphodil or Peony, which are fajined toge-
ther at the Head, zvhich after Seed time, wither and
perifh every Tear. From whence come forth feve-
ral thick, long, pale, green Leaves, cut into many
parts, and armed with fharp Prickles on all Tides,
every Prick ending in three Points from among
them rifes up a fmall Stalk, a little branched, with
one or two Prickly Heads at the top of every Branch ,
out of which come purplijh Threads or Thrums which
are the Flowers, and after them the Down, cnclo-
fing fmall long Seed.

XV. The twelfth, or the many Headed Meadow
Thiftle. its Root is long, hard and woody. It has
but few Leaves lying upon the Ground, being both
fhort and narrow, armed with fharp and long

7 F 2 Prickles.

1 140 Salmon V Herbal . Lib. I

Trickles . The Stalk is rounds Jl raked, and without
Trickles , fp reading it felf into fcveral Branches ,
bearing many fmallheads with Threads or Thrums of
a purplijh Color coming out of their middle, which
confitute the Flower, which Heads are fet zoith
large and fharp Trickles, after which is the Seed
inc/ofed in the Down, as the rejl are.

XVI. Tolycephalos alter. There is another ma-
ny Headed Thiftle j whofe Root is hard and woody.
Its Stalk has neither Film or Trickle, but branched
forth into divers parts, and they again into other
fmaller Branches , on which ftand many Heads, and
fmaller ones under them, with fever al j 'mall prickles
about them, out of which rife purplijh Thready
Flowers as in the other. The Leaves are but few
on the Stalks, being fhort and narrow, but as
thick fet with Trickles, as the fecond or mofl
Prickly Thiftle, at Se£h V. above.

XVII. The thirteenth, or Marfh, or moift Mea-
dow Thiltle. Its Root is Jingle, the Stalks about 4
Feet or more high, fir ait and full of prickles, thick
fet with dark green Leaves , unevenly waved , and
fame times more deeply cut in on the edges , having a
few prickles at them, and branched towards the
top, with many f mall Heads upon J, lender Foot-
fialks, which bear purple Thrum Flowers, and
turn into Down, in which the Seed is involved , like
as in other Thifiles.

XVIII. The fourteenth, orOate-Land, or Mus-
ked Thiftle. Its Root is fmall and long, perifhing
at the approach of Winter. It has an upright
Stalk, and rifes up in Corn and Oat-Lands, Jome-

Thiftle Oate-Land : Or, Musked.

times to a Alans Height, but is found growing
lower in other places on which do grow broad,
fharp, prickly, jagged Leaves , fet round the Stalk
and Branches -, the tops are branched out with many

fhort Stalks , into as many fhort Heads fet clofe to-
gether, out of which come the Flowers, con ftfling of
Threads or Thrums, as in the other Thijile / of
which fome will be White, fome of a White
Color tending to Turplc, and ethers of a pale
Purple. Color tending to blufh, of a mofi pie af ant
Jweet Smell j and in fome places f mailing Jwec 't
like Musk, which being faded. Downy Heads fuc-
ceed, m which the Seed is contained.

XIX. The fifteenth, or Greater Broad Spear-
Thiftle. Its Stalk is armed with Trickles like ma-
ny other Wild Thifiles ■, and the Leaves fet
thereon are very long, cut in or divided on the

Thiftle Spear, Broad Greater.

edges, in 2 or 1 places, fet at diflances one from
another •, and the fever al parts cut into $ or 6
points or corners, fharply armed, the end being
long and narrow , pointed like the Head of a Jave-
lin or Pike, ( whence came the Name : J The
Flowers are purplijh in fcaly prickly Heads , af
ter which comes the Seed wrapped up in Down as
in other Thifiles.

XX. T he Places. All thefe Thiftles Grow
Wild by Way-Sides, in Fields, Meadows, Or-
chards, Gardens, and in Corn Lands in moft places
of this Kingdom, as alfo in many other places be-
yond Sea; alfo on Heaths, Greens, and watte pla-
ces up and down almoft every where. The thir-
teenth grows in moift Meadows ; and the four-
teenth in Oat - Lands, and other Corn - Lands.
Gerard fays, it grows in the Fields about Cam-
bridg ; and I have feen it in fome other places
adjacent to it.

XXL The Times. They all Flower frem the
beginning of June to the end of Auguji, and their
Seed is ripe in fome little time after*

XXII, The

Chap. 688.

XXII. The Vitalities. Thiltles according to
Galen are hot and dry in the fecond Degree : They
are alfo Aperitive, Diuretick, Stomatick and Ne-
phritick .

XXIII. 'Ike Specification. They help the Stran-
gury, or ftoppage of Urine, take away the rank
or evil Smell of the Arm-holes, or whole Body,
Cure a Stinking Breath j and make Hair grow
again upon Bald places.

XXIV. The Preparations. You may have,

1 . A Liquid Juice or Ejjence of the whole Plant.

2. A Pec oflion of the Roots in l Vine . 3. A Deco-
ction of the Leaves and Heads of Flowers , when
juft or newly Blown , in Wine. 4. An Infufion of
the whole Plant , when juft beginning to Flower, in
Wine , or in Brandy. 5. ’A Majhcatory. 6. A
Cataplafm of the Root.

The Virtues.

Of THISTLE Blejfed ,

O R,

Cardmis Bcncdi&us.

'JP HE Names. ^ It has no Greek Name that

XXV. The Liquid Juice or Ejjence of the whole
Plant. ( Pliny lib. 20. cap. 23.J fays, That if any
bald place be Bathed with the Juice, it caufes the
Hair to grow again fpeedily. And if the Juice or
EfTence be made before Flowering, and Drank, he
fays they help a Stinking Breath, and ftrengthen
the Stomach * lb that it is probable they may be
good lor the Cure of the Scurvy, that always be-
ginning in the Stomach, and being called by the
Greeks, the Stomach Difeafe : Dofe 2, 3, or 4
Spoonfuls, inaGlafs of Stomach Wine, Morning
and Night.

XXVI. The Deco&ion of the Roots in Wine.
Galen fays, that it drives forth Stinking Urine,
and takes away the rank or evil Smell of the Arm-
holes, and of the whole Body. Dofe half a Pint,
Morning, Noon and Night.

XXVII. A Deco ff ion of the Leaves and Heads of
Flowers when 'juft blown , in Wine. It has the
Virtues of the Juice and Elfence, but much weaker-,
as alfo of the former Decoftion of the Roots, and
may be taken in the fame quantity and manner. It
is certainly an Antidote againft the Scurvy in a
Cold Habit of Body.

XXVIII. The Infufion of the whole Plant when
juft beginning to Flower , in ftrong Wine or Brandy.
Ic has all the former Virtues, but more effe&ual to
comfort and ftrengthen a cold and weak Stomach,
and to refill a Cold Scurvy, as alfo to caufe a
Sweet Breath, more than any of the former Prepa-
rations. Dofe 2 or 3 Spoonfuls, fweetned with
any proper Syrup.

XXIX. The Mafticatory. Pliny fays, that being
chewed in the Mouth, it cures a Stinking Breath.
But this I fuppofe is fuch an offenfive Breath as is
caufed by ftinking or rotten Teeth, or fome Sore or
Ulcer in the Gums and Mouth, ic drawing away
a great deal of Rheum, Purulent and Putrid
Stinking matter from the fame.

XXX. The Cataplafm of the Root. Diofcorides
fays, that being applyed, it corre&s the Stinking
and Filthy Smell the Arm-Pits, and of the whole
Body.

— wwe know of, but it. may well enough be
called, ”Ayj,Qof ’i-jwiui •' in Latine, Car duus Bene-
diPlus ; and in Englilh Blejfed Thiftle : But we
ofrner call it by the Latine Name, as Cardans, and
Car duus Bcncdiftus.

II. The Kinds. It is a fingular Plant of the
Species 5 but fome t*.ill have it to be a fort of
AtraPtylis. , or Wild Baftard Saffron , which I can
fcarcely admit of.

The Defcriptions.

III. Its Root is white , long and Fibrous , pcrifh-
ing every Tear after it has given Seed. It has ma -
ny weak tender Branches , lying for the moft part

Tlnfile Biffed:

o R,

Carduus Benedictus.

SLm(

Wwtm

A A r r 1

Jvt'

1 \

1 1

ii^2 Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. 1.

may loach them without harm : but rhofe which
grow towards the tops of the Stalks are fmewhat
more prickly ■, and the Heads which grew on the
tops of the fever al Branches, are fomewhat jharp.
Jet with Prickles like a Thiftle. The flower is yel-
low, which being paji away, the Head enclofes a
quantity of Woolly or flacky down , in which is con-
tained (as in all other Thiftles) the Seed , which is
Ii/ackijb, long and round , with a few Hairs on the
Head thereof. ,

IV. Gerard deferibes it after this manner. The
Root is white and parted into Strings. The Stalks
are rough , round and pliable , which being parted
into Branches , do lye flat on the Ground. The
Leaves are jagged round their edges , and full of
hat mlefs Prickles. The Heads on the tops of the
Stalks , are alfo Jet with Trickles , and environed
with J harp and pricking Leaves, out of which comes
forth a yellow flower-, the Seed is long, and Jet with
white Hairs like a Beard , The whole Herb, Leaves
and Stalks, as alfo the Heads, are covered with a
foft and thin Loan.

V. The Places. It grows with us only in Gar-
dens, where it Flourillies admirably well ; but in
the Ifland Lemnos , in the Mediterranean, where
it grows naturally, it grows wild in Champion
Grounds and Fields, as Petrus Bellonius fays.

VI. The Times. It Flowers in July and Augufl,
in which times it is to be gathered tor Medicinal
Ul'es ; and then it will keep good a whole Year or
longer.

VII. The Vitalities. It is hot and dry in the fe-
cond Degree, Abfterfive, Aperitive, Diuretick,
Anodyn and Alexipharmick.

VIII. The Specification. It is good againft Agues,
Malign and Peltilential Fevers, recent Surleits,
Pleurifies, Stone, Gravel, Vertigo’s, and the Bi-
tings of Mad Dogs, and other Venomous Crea-
tures.

IX. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, I. A Liquid Juice. 2. A Decoction, 3 . A
Louder of the Leaves. 4. An Extrail. 5. ACa-
Japlafm. 6. The Down within the Heads. 7. A
Diftilled Water. 8. Roger Dixon’r Antipejii/ert-
tial Suiorifick. The Herb is chiefly ufed.

'the Virtues.

X. The Liquid Juice. Put into the Eyes it
clears the Sight, taking away Blood-lhoc and red-
nets ; dropt into the Ear it eafesthe pain thereof:
It kills Worms in the Belly, and given from an
Ounce to two Ounces, in any proper Vehicle, it is
good againft Quartan Agues and the Plague 7 as
alfo recent Surleits, and admirably deanfes a foul
Stomach.

XI. The DecoUion in Wine, Water, or Toffet-
Drink. It is good againft Agues of long continu-
ance, and Peltilential F evers, which if timely given,
it has the greater Effetts ; and is alfo profitable
againft Pleurifies, and Stitches in the Side. It is
good againft a Vertigo, and Deafnefs, and ftrength-
ens the Memory. It provokes the Terms in Wo-
men, is good againft the Strangury, as alfo Sand
and Gravel in the Urinary parts.

XII. The Louder of the Leaves. It Hops Bleed-
ing at Nofe, and is given from half a Dram to a
Dram, againft all the aforenamed Difeafes. Ir is
Sudorifick, and cures all forts of Agues, being gi-
ven fome tew Hours before the coming of the Fit,
for feveral times together.

XIII. The Extra li. It has all the foimer Vir-
tues, and being given from half a Dram to a Dram

or more, it particularly is faid to cure the Quar-
tan Ague ; kill Worms in the Bowels, and is a
Specifick againft the Lues, or french Pox.

XIV. 1 he Cataplafm. Made of the Green Herb
and applyed, it is good againft hot Tumors, Ery-
fipelas, Botches, Boils, Plague Sores, the bitings
of Mad Dogs, Serpents, Spiders, Stinging of Ve-'
nomous Creatures, ifle But madeup with Hogs
Lard and Wheat Meal, andapplyed, itcuicsScub-
born or rebellious Ulcers. The Catapiafm made
of the Juice with Orobus Meal, is profitable alfo
againft Gangrenes.

XV. The Down within the Heads. Applyed to
fimple Green Wounds it flops the Blood, and pre-
fently heals them; Applyed to Ulcers after Clean-
fing and Incarnating, it caufes a fpeedy Cure.

XVI. T he, D filled Water. Ir is faid to have
all the Virtues of the DecoQion. but is nothing
near fo effeftual, tho’ much more pleafant to be ta-
ken. It is efteemed a peculiar thing for the Eyes,
and help their Sorenefs, and a Dimr.elsof Sight.

XVII. Roger Dixon’r Antiteftilcntial Sudori-
fick. Take Leaves of Carduus Benediftus and Sca-
bious ; Roots of Butterbur , of each 4 Ounces -, PoJ-
fet Drink 3 Quarts ; make a VecoHiott and fir am
out. If you have not Poflet- Drink, you may
make it with thin Water-Gruel. With this Drink,
he told me, he Cured many Hundreds of the
Plague (when the lalt Great Plague was in London,
Anno 766;.) who, by drinking largelyof it, were
Cured (many of them) in the (pace of twenty four
Hours, when nothing but Death was expefled :
and thereby he alfo ltayed Peltilential Vomitings
and Loofenelfes. It produces a potent Sweating an
Hour or two : In the Sweating, he gave the Sick
Mutton or Chicken Broth, or fome proper Alexi-
pharmick Poffet-Drink, wiping the Sweat from the
Face and Neck with warm Cloths, but forbearing
to Shift the Patient ; and thisCourfe he took every
Day, till the Malignity of the Difeafe was wholly
rooted our.

CHAP. DCLXXXIX.

Of T H I S T L E Cotton :

0 R,

Woolly 'Tbijile.

I. 'T'JfE Names. It is called in Greek, ’krfSur,
A (being fuppofed to be the Acanthium of
Diofcoridcsj in Latine, Acanthium, Carduus Aomen-
tofus, and in Englilh, the Cotton or Woolly Tbili/e.

II. The Kinds. Among the many forts Authors
have given us of this Thiftle, there are but four
which are frequent with us, viz. 1. Acanthium
Vulgar e, as Camerarius , Dodoneus , Dur antes ,
Label, Lugdunenfis, Matthio/us, and Tabernemon-
tanus do all agree : Out Common Cotton, or
Woolly Thiftle. 2. Acanthium Anglicum, Car-
duus Tomentcfus Anglicus , Spina Arabica Diofco-
ridis , Plinij, Matthioli , (S Qtfalpini Bauhtno-,
Carduus Tomentofus Capitulo majore Bauhini ;
Our Englilh Cotton, or Woolly Thiftle. 3. Car-
duus Tomentofus minor, Carduus Spharocephalus
quintus Dodonxi ; Carduus Tomentofus Capitulo
minore Bauhini, The Leffer Cotton, or Woolly
Thiftle. 4. Carduus Tementofut, Corona Frarrum

diT/us,

laiha long haftf Wooll or Cottony Down-, anlrtot
much moro White or Hoary underneath , Jet with
moft Jharp and cruel Trickles ; from the middle of
■whofc Heads oj Homers , come forth many Turplijh
Cnmfon Threads, (which are fometimes White
tho’ very feldom.) The Seed which follows , lies in
a great deal of fine white Down, being Something
large, long and round, reSembhng the Seed of Sili-
huni, or Ladies-Thiftie, but fomething paler.

IV. The lecond, or our Englifh Cotron, or
Woolly ThiiHe. Its Root is great andtbick, brown-
ijl) on the outfiic, and white within, and not unplea-
jant to the Tafie. It has divers large land long
Leaves, covered all over with a Cotton, Down, or
jeft Wooll, cut very deeply in on the edges, ascer-
tain difiances, into fever al parts or Leaves , even
almofi to the middle Rib, making each Leaf feem
Winged, with /mail and long Leaves on each fide
and Jet in divers places with long and Jharp
Trickles. The Woolly Stalk rifes up to the height
of three, four, or five Feet, with jew Leaves fet
thereon, and with but few branches, bearing at their
tops, a large round hoary Head fomething fiat co-
vered over as it W0e with pneWboUy Threads like

white Threads, which have a fmdl fweet Smell
f ' Seed following, being envolvei in Down ,
long, and Crefled or Cornered. ’

VII. Gerard thus deferibes this laft. It rifes ut>
with thick and long Stalks , the Leaves thereof are
jagged, fet with Trickles, and white on the under
Jide. The Heads are round, and many in Number
ewered with a Jbft Down and Jharp Trickle s
fianding out round about them. The Flowers come
foi thoj their middle being a buJhofTurple Threads

Mer Tmie7 Uke lh* rfjfmc

VIII The T laces. The firil Grows on Ditch and
Bankfides, and in Corn-Fields and High-ways
almoft every where throughout out Land, and is alfo

Chap. 68-9. Englijh Herbs.

diffus, Cardans Spbsrocepbalus Spinofijfmus Ban-
hint, rigidis acuheis armalus ; Carduus F.rioccpba.
hts five Tomentofus Gerardi , Our Cotton, Down
or IVoolIy Headed Thiftle.

The Defcriptions.

III. The fitft, or our Common Cotton , or
Woolly Thiftle. Its Root is great and thick, fpread-
ing much , but ujually dying after Seed time. It
bus many large Leaves lying upon the Ground, fome-
wbat cut in, and as it were crumpled on the edges,
of a green Color on the upperfde , covered over

Thiftle Cotton or Woolly , Common.

unto a Net, not very T richly, with many Turplijh
Threads in the middle, like unto thofe of the Arti-
choke ; after which, come Thiftle like Seeds, great n
and rounder than thofe of the former.

TuV„,'ThVh/lrd’ or Leffet Cotcon> Woolly
ihiltle. It hut many white Woolly, or hoary Iona
Leaves, much cut in on the edges into many parts
and each part alfo divided and fet with J. mail
trickles. The Stalk is not very great, not much
above two Feet high, but branched out towards the
top, being white and Woolly alfo, bearing on them
fmall round, fb Inckly Heads , having many Turple
I breads rifing out of their middles, andfmallThiftle-
hkc Seed after them.

1?e fourtJl’ or °or Cotton, Down or
Woolly Headed Thiftle. It hat a Stalk branched
forth, on winch grow Winged Trickly Leaves, which
are large, long, andfomewhat broad, thick fet with
Jharp Trickles , but fpdringly placed on the Stalks-
at the tops of which, grow Spherical or round
Heads, thick fet, and Jlrongly armed with long
Trickles : out oj the middle whereof, come forth

Thiftle Cotton , or Woolly Headed.

it

often

1 144 Salmon s Herbal Lib. I.

often found growing in Gardens. The lecond has
been found growing in divers Barren Fields in Scm-
merferfirire, as Label faysc, as alfo in feveral other
places or England. The third is fometimes found
^rowing in Gardens , as alfo in feveral other places,
?n dry and Sandy Ground. The fourth, Johnfon
in Gerard fays, he found by Pocklingt'on , and in
other places, in the Woods in Torkfhire and Mr.
Goody cr, found it alfo in Hampfhire. Bauhinus
fays, it was Fent to him under the Name of Car-
duns Arabic us • Some fay it is called Corona
Tratrum , becaufeit fomewhat relembles the Heads
of Bald Pated Friars.

IX. The Times. They all Flower and bear their
Seed in July, or about the latter end of Summer,
when other Thiftles Flower and Seed.

X. The Vitalities. The Root and Leaves are
according to Galen , hot, and dry, about the end of
the rftfi Degree: They are Aperitive, A nodyn,Di-
geltive, and Analeptick.

XL The Specification. Authors fay they Cure
Convulfions, Cramps, and the Rickets in Children.

XII. T be Preparations. You may have from
the Roots and Leaves, i. A Liquid Juice or Ef-
fence. 2. A DecoUion in Wine or Water. 3. A
Ponder of, the fame.

The Virtues .

XIII. The Liquid Juice or Ejjence. Taken in-
wardly, from one Spoonful to three, in any proper
Vehicle, Morning Noon and Night, it is laid to
cure Cramps and Convullions, efpecially that in
the Neck, called Tetanos , in which the Neck can-
not be ftirred or turned, without turning the whole
Body. It is good alio againft Cramps and Con-
vulfions in other parts of the Body, (more efpecially,
if befides taken inwardly, as now directed, the
parts affe&ed be alfo very well Fomented or Ba-
thed with the Eftence thereof very hot, or with
the Juice mixt with an equal quantity of Spirit of
Wine. And fo alfo ufed (both inwardly and out-
wardly) it is faid to cure the Rickets in Children,
which is a Difeafe that fo vehemently conftritts
the Nerves and Ligaments of the Back and Joints,
and indeed of the whole Body, that it hinders the
Progrelfion of the Nutriment, and fo frullrates the
Growing of the Child, diminifhing its Heighth,
Strength and Vigor.

XIV. T be De coil ion in Wine or Water , or Wa-
ter mixt with Wine. If made ftrong, it has all
the former Virtues, but as it is much weaker than
thofe Preparations, fo it mult be given in much
greater quantities, viz. from a quarter to half a
Pint, and that Morning, Noon and Night.

XV. The Ponder. It is given for all the fame
purpofes, from half a Dram to a Dram, or Dram
and half, in feme proper Syrup, as Syrup of Elder-
berries. Syrup oj Elecampane Roots , or the like,
and that Morning and Night.

CHAR DCXC.

Of T H I S T L E Carline.

t. r~ry H E Karnes. It is called in Greek,

A by Theophrajhts ^ and Aivyj.yJ.vQn by Dodo n te-
ns : in Latine Carlina , and in Englifh, the Carline
Thiflc.

II. The Kinds. We lhall here Defcribe four
Species of this Plant, viz. 1. Carlina humilis Co-
lumn <£ , lxine Thcophrafli , Carlina humilis acaulis ,
Carlina acaulis gummifera Bauhini ; Cardopatium
caulc nttUo Carlina Sefpili fiore \ alfo Carolina,
(fo called at firft from Charles the Great, whofe
Army (as it is reported) being Infefted with the
Plague or Peifilence, was by the ufe of this Plant,
Cured and preferved from the fame : ) and this is
that Species which both Bauhinus and Gerard will
have to be Chameleon albus Dwfcoridis , but is in-
deed a manifeft Error : in Englifh, The Low,
Dwarf, or Lcffer Carline. 2. Carlina Caulefccns
Columnte •, Carlina Caulefcens magno fiore Gerardi
: Carlina Lcucacantha Dodonai • Carlins: alter urn ge-
nus C&falpini •, Carlina magna Lf elatior Clttfij -,
Carlina caulem habens Lugdunenfis \ Carlina caule
don at ns ^ Cardopatium majus •, The Greater Car line
Thiftle, or Carline with a Stalk. This is Chamsc-
leon niger Vulgaris Tragi Lf Bejleri , which is alfo
a Mi fiake. 3. Carlina acaulis Septentnonalium ,
Carlina acaulis minor fiore purpureo Bauhini ^ Car-
lina minor fiore purpureo Clufij \ Carduus acaulis
Septentrionnlium Lobelij ; Our Low Wild Carline
Thiftle. This is Chamaleon albus Cf exiguus Tragi
Cf Lugdunenfis , and parvus Lpniceri, by the lame
Miltake. 4. Carlina Sylvcfiris major Gerardi ,
Carlina Sylvcfiris Vulgaris ^ Carlina Sylvcfiris Do-
dons: i 1 Acarna , vel Crifium lutewn SequanQium
Lobelij : The great Wild Carline Thiftle, or Wild
Carline with a Stalk.

The Defer ipt ions,

III. The firft, or Low, Dwarf, or Lelfer Car-
line Thiftle. This is that which is principally ufed
in Phyfick , and is by fome accounted the Chamai-

Tbifile Carline Low, or Dwarf.

leon albus. Its Root is fomcthi'ng Aromatic k, finally
long growing downwards into the Ground , and
blachfh on the out fide. This low Thiftle has many
• long

Chap. 690. Englijh Herbs.

1 1

4

long and large Leaves lying cn the Ground , jagged
or cut in on both ftdcs , a/ld fet with white Jkarp
Prjcklcs from among which , rifes up a large Head
without any Stalk , encompajfed with feveral long ,
thirty end narrow Leaves , cut in on the edges , and
as prickly as the under mo ft, and both of a whitijh
green Color : Thefe Leaves about the Head,# hough
whitijh above , jrr are a Z/V/Ze Purp/ijh underneath ,

ft and about the Head like a Crown or Border ,
being thin , /twg, hard. , and fhining, encompafs the
Flower or T hr urn in the middle , being yellow and
%flat , dx the whole head it fclf is •, which being paft
away , there follows the Seed of a whit iff) or Silver
Color. 'This Head before it Seeds , opens in the
Day time , and clofes again at Night. From the
Root of this (in fome places ) as alfo from its Head ,
proceed a Vifcous or Glewijh Gum , which being
dryed or hardned , wry much rcfembles Maltich.

IV. The fecond, or Greater Carline Thiltle, or
Carline with a Stalk. 7/x » blackifh on the

outfide, but whit ijh within , and as it were bitten off,
and being cut or broken , yields fuch a like
white Vifcous Milk or Juice , which being hardned ,
becomes a Gum like the former , without Smell, but

Thiflle Carline

d /;>//(? /r<?;« which Reafon , the Plant

is judg'd to be of the fame Nature , Property ,
Vitalities and kind with the former. This does not
Flower as the former , without a Stalk to ftand on ,
but there fprings up a reddifh Stalk of about a Foot
or more high , <7/7 which grows narrower , greener ,
and ;//<?r£ Prickly Leaves than on the fir ft, or Low
Kind ; //;£• LZW or Heads of Flowers are at the top
or tops of the Stalk and Branches , ftanding on
its own Footftalk, compofed of a Border , but of J mai-
ler Leaves , which are hard, thin, f moot h and whi-
tifh like the former : The Thrum in the middle is
yellowijh , before the Flowers therein begin to open,
but then are of a reddifl) Purple Color , which parti-
cular, unlefs one heed it well, the fame Plant may
be taken to be two feveral Kinds.

V. The third, or Our Low WildCarline Thiltle.
Its Root is great, thick and blackifh on the out flic,
and whit ift) within, enduring many Tears. This
Low Thiltle does yearly fend forth feveral very
long and narrow Leaves, very much cut in on the
edges, into many parts. Jet with J. mall Prickles,

Thiftle Carline, Low Wild,

and of a dufty Green Color, not lying flat upon the
Ground, but a little raifed up from it-, from among
which at the latter end of Summer, comes forth a
fhort Stalk, fcarcely two Inches long, bearing there-
on a large round Jcaly and prickly head , with many
bright purplifh Threads rifing out of its middle ,
which keep their Color a long time • after which,
(they being paft) comes the Seed which is numerous,
fmall, whitijh , or of a Silver color, envolved among ft
the Down in the Head.

VI. Johnfon in Gerard deferibes it after this
manner. This Purple Carline Thiltle, has a pretty
large Root , divided many times at the top, into fe-
veral Branches, from which rife many green Leaves,
lying fpread upon the Ground, deeply cut in on the
edges, and fet with Jharp Prickles. In the midft
of thefe Leaves come up fome times but one, and
fometimes more fcaly Heads, which carry a pretty
large Flower, compofed of many Purple Threads,
like thofe of Knapweed, but larger, and of a
brighter Color. Thefe Heads grow ufually clofe to
the Leaves, yet fometimes they ftand upon Stalks ;
or 4 Inches high. When the Flower is paft , comes
the Seed which is fmall and grayifh , envolved in the
Down, all which are carried away with tbe Wind.

VII. The fourth, or the Greater Wild Carline
Thiltle •, or Wild Carline with a Stalk. Its Root
is long and flcnder, with a twinging or Jharp and.
biting Tafte. It rifes up with a Stalk or Stalks, a
Foot and half , or two Feet high, which are round
and prickly, divided towards their tops into feveral
Branches. From the bottom at the Rooty come forth

7 G many

Herbal . Lib. I.

1 1 46 Salmon t

MM/ry Leaves, parity lying on the Ground , and.
yw//y (landing upright , which are long , not very
broad unevenly dented about the edges , W full of
Prickles , /ra/ awdb #/?//£* to the third or former
Carline, but lejjer with many fuch like Leaves ,
but fmaller , growing about the Stalks up even to
their tops , to the tops of the Branches of each

flower. At the top* of the Stalks and Branches ,
grow? the flowers in a Prickly head , being Jet with
bordering Leaves like a Pole round about it, of a
yel/owifh color, encloftng a reddifh Thrum, or great
number of Threads of a reddifh color.

V 111 The Places. The firft and fecond grows
Upon the Mountains in Germany and on the ai//v s
but the fecond is fometiroes found growing by it
felf in other places, but with us only in Gardens.
Parkinfon fays, that he had obferved, that the
Seed of the Low kind, Sown in our Gardens, has
fometimes grown up high, or with a Stalk, not
retaining its former Dwarf State. The third is ve-
ry frequent in our Country, especially in Kent al-
tnoft every where, and is alfo to be found in France
and Germany. It grows upon Black-Heath, and
on the Chalky Hills about Dart ford, and in many
other fuch like places. The fourth grows alfo
with us in Untill’d and Defart places, and often-
times upon Hills, and is alfo found growing upon
Black-heath, and on many other places in Kent.

IX. The Times. They all Flower late in. the
Year with us, but in the middle of Summer in
their Native places. The third Flowers in July
and Auguft, and the fourth in June and July, the
Seed ripening not long time after.

X. The Qualities. The Root is chiefly ufed,
and that of the firft or Low Dwarf Carline. It is
hot and dry in the end of the fecond Degree, but
Gerard fays, it is dry in the third Degree. It is
Aperitive, Anodyn, Diuretick, Cardiack,^Nephri-
tick, Hylt ck, Emmenagogick, Sudorifick, and
Alexipharmick.

XL The Specification. It preferves from, and
cures the Plague or Peftilence-, kills Worms in the
Belly ai.d Stomach, eafes the Strangury, provokes
Urine, and the Menfes : refills and expells all
manner of Poifons •, eafes pains of the Teeth-,
cures Dropfics, Cramps and Convulfions ; eafes
pains in the Sides, Stirches, Pleurifie, Pjc.^

XII. The Preparations. There are ufed in Phy-
fick, 1. The Crude or Raw Root. 2. The Liquid
Juice. 3. The DecoSion in Wine.

T he Virtues.

XIII. The Crude or Raw Root. Being chewed
long in the Mouth, it attrafls much cold Rheum,
and fo gives eafe in the Tooth-ach, and pains in
the parts adjacent.

XIV. The Liquid Juice. It is given from one

Spoonful to two or more. Morning and Night,
againft the Plague, and all Peftilential Difeafes,
Mealies, Small Pox, Spotted Fever, Poifon, the
Bitings of Mad Dogs and Serpents. It cures
Cramps, Convulfions, Pleurifies, Strangury, Drop-
fv ^ eafes pains and Stitches in the Sides, arid kills
Worms in the Bowels. It may be given in Wine or
fome other convenient Vehicle : It potently pro-,
vokes Sweat, as alfo the Terms in Women. r

XV. The De coition in Wine. It has all the for- j
mer Virtues, but as it is weaker, fo it muft be given ;
from a quarter to half a Pint or more, Morning and -
Night, and fo to be continued for fome confide- j
fable time.

CHAP. DCXCI.

Of THISTLE Melancholy .

•

I. HE Karnes. It is called in Greek, K ignei
J_ (a i- e. Varices quos fanet, utrejert

Diofcorides : ) in Latine, Ci'rjium, Carduus Mollis,
and Spina Mollis • and in Englifh, The Soft Thijtle,
and Melancholy Tbiflle.

II. The Kinds. Authors make a great many

forts of this, but thofe only growing with, and
moft known to us, fhall be he here Defcribed, which
are the three following, viz. 1. Cirfium Anglic um
primum-, Cirfium P annomeum primum pratenje
Clufij • Our f iift Englifh Melancholy, or Soft
Thiftle. 2. Cirfium Anglicum alterum, Cirfium
aliud Anglicum -, Cirfium P annonicum alterum
Clufij j Cirfium Beitannicum fecund urn. Our other
Englifh Soft, or Melancholy Thiftle. 3. Cirfium
majus latifolium -, Cirfium primum Lugdurtenfis 5
Cirfium lertium D odonai Cirfium LatiJJhnunt

Bauhini : The Great Broad Leav’d, Soft or Melan-
choly Thiftle.

T he Defer iptions .

III. The firft, or our firft Englifti Soft, or Me-
lancholy Thiftle. Its Root hiu many long Strings
coming from its Head or upper part, which is black -
ifh, and perifhes not every Tear, from which Root
fprings up a tender fingle hoary green Stalk , having

Thiftle Melancholy Englifti, Firji.

thereof! four or five green hoary Leaves , dented
about the edges ; the points whereof are little or
nothing prickly ; end at the top ufually but one

head.

Chap ,691. ‘Englijb Herhs. 1147

head , yet fometimes from the bojom of the upper -
moji Leaf, there comes forth another f mailer head ,
which is fcaly , and fomething prickly , with many
reddifh Purple Threads or Thrums in the middle ,
which being gathered frejh , will keep their Color
a long time -, and funding on the Stalk , will not
fide in a long Seafon , rf/ivr which it perfetfs its
Seed , which is of a mean Proportion for bigncfs ,
envolved in its Down.

IV. The fecond, or our other Englifh foft, or
Melancholy Thiftle. Its Root at its Head is J'ome-
tvhat Tuberous , and blackifh on the out -fide, /hoot-
ing forth fever al long Fibres or Strings , which run
under the Earth here and there , and fendjorth new

Thiftle Melancholy English, Second.

Heads for increafe. Prom this Head fpring up
long , narrow hairy Leaves , fet about the edges
with fender Prickles, not much unlike to the for-
mer, but more hoary underneath, and more green
above. Prom the midf of thefe Leaves grows up a
Stalk, a loot, or Poot and half, or two Peel high,
which is tender , fijf and Downy -, upon which grow
Leaves le/Jer than thofe below, which are fomething
broad at there fet ting on, and thefe alfo a little
nickt, notcht, or cut in. This Stalk fometimes is
Jingle, without any Branches i, and fometimes it has
one or two, or three long fender ones. Out of each
of the tops of which Stalk and Branches, grows one
large fcaly Head, with many Purple Threads in
the middle, not much unlike the Common Knap-
weed, which at length, Thiltle like, turn into
Down , in which the fmall f lining Thiftle like
Seed is envolved.

V. The third, or great broad Leav’d, Soft, or
Melancholy Thiftle. Its Root is fmall and long,
with feveral Fibres adjoined thereto. Its Leaves,
are large and long, as large a* thofe of Buglofs,

dented and Jet about the edges with foft Prickles, of
a greenifh Color , the middle Rib being white. The
Stalk is tender and brittle, eafy to break, and cref -
ed or corner'd, on which grow fuch like Leaves as
are below , large at firf , but gradually growing
leffer towards the tops , being alfo more torn in or

Thiftle Melancholy Great,

rent on the edges. The Stalk is alfo branched to-
wards its top, each Branch bearing from among a
Tuft of fmall Prickly Leaves, a fmall Prickly
Thiftle //&? head, which fometimes fund uprights
and fometimes lean a little down. Out of thefe
Heads when fully blown, appear the Flowers, con-
fiding of a great many elegant Purple Threads,
which pafs into Down, in which the Seed is wrapt.

VI. The Places. The firft and fecond grow in
moift Meadows in many places of England, both
in the Southern and Northern parts of our Iftand.
Clufius found them growing in Hungary, and in
the Mountainous Medows a long the fide of the
Danube in Auftria -, our Pena found them grow-
ing in the Meadows at the foot of Inglebrow-Hill
in Yorkshire -, Lobel in the Meadows at A ft on, in
Glouccferfhire and Johnfon fays, that he once found
the fecond in a Meadow between Highgate and Lon-
don. The third grows in the Fields on the Mountains
in Germany -, and Johnfon fays it grows Wild upon
the Sea-Coafts of Holland, Handers and Zealand ;
and an Englifh Gentleman told me he had found it
in fome Meadows on the Feet of fome Mountains
in NortbAVales, as alfo in fome other parts of the
Kingdom.

VII. The Times. They Flower in June, July
and Augufl, and their Seed is ripe in fome fhorc
time after.

VIII. The Qualities. They are hot and dry ifi
the end of the firft Degree 5 Aperitive, Abfterfive,
a little Aftringent, Splenetick, Nephritick, Hyfte-
rick, and Sudorifick.

7 G ■?

IX. The

1148 Salmon' s Herbal. Lib. L

IX. The Specification- It opens Obftruftionsof
the Spleen and other Vifcera , eafes pains thereof,
and is laid voCure Hypochondriack Melancholy.

X. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, 1. A Liquid. Juice or Ejjence. 2. A Dc-
coGion in Wine. 3. A Spirituous TinGure. 4. An
Acid TinGure. 5. An Oily TinGure.

The Virtues .

XI. The Juice or Fife rice. They potently open
Obftru&ions of the Spleen, Liver, Reins and Womb,
give e.ife in pains of the Spleen, Sides, Reins and
Mefenterv, allay Vapors* aie good againft Fits of the
Mother, provoke Urine and the Terms, and po-
tently repreis Melancholy, carrying off the Mor-
bific!* matter by the Urinary parts. Dofe from
two to to .1 SpoonfijJs, in a Glafs of White Port
or Lisb in Wine, or any other tit Vehicle, Morning
and Night.

XII. The FecoGion in Wine. It has all the for-
mer Virtues, but is not fo ftrong in Operation,
and therefore is to be given from a quarter to halt
a Pint at the times aforefaid. If a good Draught
of it be given every Night at Bed-time, for fome
confiderable Sealon, it cures the Incubus , or Night-
Mare, as has been feveral rimes proved by Expe-
rience.

XIII. The Spirituous TinGurc. Taken from
half a Spoonful to a Spoonful or more in a Glafs
of Wine, it is not only good againft all theDifea-
fes before fpecified, but is a good Cordial againft
Sicknefs at Heart, Fainting and Swooning Fits, Va-
pors, and withall makes the Patient Chearful and
Merry, wonderfully exhilerating the Spirits.

XIV. The Acid TinGure. It opens ObftruUi-
6ns, reprelfes Vapors, (Lengthens a weak Stomach,
and provokes Urine. Dole fo many Drops in a
Glafs of Ale or Wine, as to give it a pleafing
Acidity. It may be taken feveral times in the day,
vie. as often as the Patient drinks.

XV. The Oily 'TinGure. It is fingular againft
the Chc-.ick, provokes Urine flrongly, eafes the
Stranger.-. elves wonderful relief in the moft
profound M; \ ncholy. It has aft the Virtues of
the Juice and filence, but ought not to be given
to iu’ch as are of a very hot Conftitution, unlefs by
a Skilful 1 Du ’ It isgood againft Convutfionsand
Palfies in cold Habits olBody-, potently provokes
the Terms, cleanfes the Reins and Womb, caufes
Conception, and at time of Travel eafie Delivery.
Dole from ro to 20 or ?o Drops, which may be
dropt into Sugar, and then mixt with a Glafs of
Canary, whire Lisbon , or any other Vehicle the
Phyficianlhall moft approve of, and lb drunk up.

CHAP. DCXCII.

II. The Kinds. We have but two fpecial fort8
of this with us, viz. 1. Carduus LaGeus vulgaris
Lobeli] -, Carduus a/bus Brunfelfij • Carduus Ar-
gent at us -, Carduus Mari a Tragi , Loniccri,Fuchftj ,
Gefneri , Ef Camerarij • Carduus Mari anus Cordi
Et Taber namontani Carduus Lcucographus Dodo -
nai who with Lacuna , Mat thiol us, Cornarius ,
Fuchfius and Lugdunenfts , took it to be the Leuco-
gr aphis Plinij ; Si/ybum Anguilare Ef Lobehj 5
Car dui Sylvejlris aliud genus Cafalpini \ Our Com-
mon Ladies Thiftle, or Milky Thiftle. 2. Si/ybum
ntajus , Carduus Spine us, vcl $ pi no Jus, Spina alba ,
Lcucacantha , The white Thorn Thiftle.

The Descriptions.

III. The firft, or Our Common Ladies Thiftle,
or Milky Thiftle. Its Root is great, fpr ending in
the Ground, with many Strings and Jmall Fibres
jafned to them ■, from whence rife up many large
and very broad Leaves lying on the Ground, cut in,
and as it were crumpled, but fome what hairy on the

Thiftle Milky :

0 R,

Ladies Thiftle.

Of T H I S T L E Milky:

0 R,

Ladies Tbijlle.

L TP H E Karnes. It is fuppoM to be that
which the Arabians call Bedeguar : called
in Greek, ^.'tuuGov: and in Latine, Si/ybum , Carda-
ns lotleus, Cardans Maria, & SunlU Maris; ; in
tnglifh, The Milky Thill/e , and Ladies Thiftle.

edges, and of a white green /hiving color, wherein
are many Lines, Strokes or Veins, of a Milky color
running all over the Leaf, Jome very / mall fome
larger, and other fome very large : Thejc Leaves
arefet with many Jharp and fiiff Prickles all about
among which nfes up one, anijemenmes more Stalk
or Stalks , round and full of Prickles, Jet fan
the like Leaves up to the Tops, where at the end of
every Branch, comes forth a great prickly ThiR/e
head Jirong/y armed with Trickles, which contain
rn thetr middle bright Purple Thrums or 1 bread!
winch being paft away, there follows the Seed, which

Chap. 692. Eriglijb 'Herbs.

n49

J-f large and brown , /tfflg', fometxihat flattifJj and /hi-
tting, lying enclofed in a great deal of fine , /<?/?,
white Down. All the whole Plant is bitter in
Tafie , which argues the excellency of its Virtues.

IV. The fecond, or white Thorn Thiftie. Its
Root is long , with fume Strings adjoining to it , and
pcrifhcs always before Winter. Prom whence rife
up fomc Leaves ly ing upon the Ground , very large
and long , but nothing near fo large and broad as the
former , which are dented or ga/bt in with more or
fewer large gajhes -, fo great, as to reach almoft to
the mi. Idle Rib, armed Jomctimes in the middle f pa-
ces where there are no Dents -, but efpe dally at all
the corners of each Leaf, with cruel long Jharp
Prickles , fome longer , fame /barter, which arc of a
hard Sub fiance, and almoft of a Milk white, or ra-
ther Cream color. The Leaf is not Jo green as the
former, but rather of a dirty Green-, nor fo fmooth

Thiftie White Thorn.

as that , but is overfpyc.il with a green hoarinefs or
Down upon it , through which runs fomc vihitijh
Veins, alrmfi of a Cream color, but nothing fo nu-
merous, nor fo large, nor yet fo whit- os the firft.
front the middle of thefe Leaves rifes up a pretty
Itrong, hard, prickly Stalk, of about 2 or 3 Yeet
high, with fome few Branches towards its top ; at
the tops of which grow pretty large, Thiftie like
heads, with a purple Thrum in the middle , after
which comes Thiftie like Seed, enveloped in a great
quantity of fine, white, foft Down.

V. i ’be Places. They both grow almoft every
where m England-, the firft on almoft every Ditch
and Bank-fide, and in wafte Fields almolt every
where. 1 he other grows a'.ib in wafte and unclll’d
Grounds, and in many places where the other
grows, and fomerimes in Fallow Fields, alfo a-
mong Coin, and many times by High-ways fides,
and the Borders of Meadows.

VI. T he Times. They Flower and Seed in June,
July and Augujl, when other Tbiji/es do ; and
their Seed is generally ripe the next Month fol-
lowing, being their time of Flowering.

VII. The Qualities. The Milky Thiftie is hot
and dry in the firft Degree, Aperitive, Aftringent,
iitomatick, SudoEthck and Alexipharmick.

UII. The Specification, it is ufed for the Cure
ot Agues and Fevers, both Malign and Peitilential,
to open ObltruEHons of the Stomach, Lungs, Li-
ver and Spleen, and other Vifcera, provoke urine,
help the Jaundice and Drop'fie, and give eafe in
KP Strangury, Dyfurie, Stone, Gravel, and other
Diieales of the Reins and Biadder: 1c isalfogood
agamlt Palpitation of the Heart, and other Pjffiocs
of the fame

IX. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, 1 . A Liquid Juice or Effcnce, 2. A De-
coflten of the Herb, Roots and Heads. 3. A Ponder
of the Seed. 4. A DjUlled Water, y. A Sallct
of the young Stalks.

The Virtues.

X. The Juice or Effenee. They are thought to
be as effectual as CarJuus Hated A/us, for all the
fame purpofes, viz ■ for Agues, Infeftious Difea-
fes. Malign and Peftilential Fevers, and the In-
feflion of the Plague, both to prevent and cure it.
They open Obltruftions of Stomach, Liver, Spleen,
Reins and Womb, are good againftHypochondri-
ack Melancholy , Scurvy, Dropfy, Jaundice and
Gout : They eafe pains in the Sides, Stitches, and
are profitable againll the Colick and Gripings of
the Guts. Dole from a to 4 Spoonfuls, Morning
and Night, in a GlafsofMullM Canary.

XI. The DecoBion in Water or Pojfet-Drink.
It has all the other Virtues before fpecified, but
muft be given to halfaPint or more, Morning and
Night, mixed with a little Mull’d Canary, or
White Port Wine.

XII. The Pouder of the Seed. It may be given
to a Dram Morning and Night, in any convenient
Vehicle. It is faid to be as good, if not more
powerful for the Cure or help of all*the afore-
named Difeafes.'

XIII. 1 he Dift tiled Water . It is good againft
all inward Fevers and the like-, to allay the heat
and inflamation of the Stomach, Liver, Spleen,
Reins and Womb $ and befides is often applyed
outwardly with Cloths or Spunges, to the Regi-
ons of the Liver and Heart, to cool the hot Di~
ftempers of thofe parts, and to refill Fainting and
Swooning Fits.

XIV. The Sallet. It is made of the young
Stalks peeled and drefled, as the Stalks of other
Chardons and Wild Artichokes are, which being
eaten, are faid to increafe Milk in Nurfes Breafts.

CHAP. DCXCIII.

Of THISTLE Star.

I. ' jp H E Names. It is without doubt the
_L Mva.yj.iQoi Theophrafti , lib. 6. cap. 4. In
Latine it is called Carduus St e Hat us, and Carduus
Stellaris, in Englilh, the Star Thiftie.

II. The Kinds. The moft ufual forts of this
Plant with us are only two, viz. 1. Carduus Stel-
laris vulgaris, Carduus Stellatus Camerarij, Dodo-
7uei Lobelij -, Carduus Stellatorius five Stellari
Gefneri ■, Stellaria Augerij h Polycantha Cordi 5
Spmo Stella Taber namontani -, Myacanthos Thco-
phrafii DaUchampio Carduus Muricatus Clufij 5
Hypopbttfhm Column 01 5 Carduus Stellatus Poll jo

pajpaveris

1150 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. L

p if aver is erratic i, Diofcoridis & Baubini -, Our 1
Common Star Thiftle. 2. Cardum Stellar is flore I
albo, Carduus Stellatusflorealho, The white Flow-
ered Star Thiltle.

The Descriptions.

III. The firft, or our Common Star Thiftle, has
a Root which is finally long , woody, and perifhing
every Tear , the Riant raijing it [elf every Spring
from the Seed of its own Sowing. It has divers
long and narrow Leaves lying next unto the Ground ,
cui or torn in on the edges very deeply , into many
almojt even parts , fojt, or a little woolly all over
the green , which is a little whitijh ■, from among

Thiftle Star Common.

icSch rife up fever al weak Stalks , fpread out into
. . . Branches, all lying, or leaning down towards

1 r-md, rather than much raified up fo that it
. ' . ■_ ] ' a i /r tty Bufh Jet with divers the like divided
\ eaves up to their tops, on which do fiand long and
ima ■'/ whin 7 green Heads, jet with very fharp and
long :■ hu.fb Trickles no part of the Riant being in
any put or place there prickly bcfidcs. Thefie
Rrickles are of a whitifh yellow, and as fharp ns in
ary other 1 hi file. Out of the middle of the Head
if. res the Viewer, comPofed of many Jmall reddifh
Thrums or Threads, after which in the /aid Head
lyes the Seed, which is /mail, whitifh and round ,
enveloped in fine [oft Down.

IV. Tnefecoi.d, or white Flowered Star Thiltle.
Its Root is long and brown without , from whence
fpr ng up many (oft frizled Leaves, deeply cut or
rafht on the edges, -wholly without Prickles ■, among
which rifies up a Stalk dividing it fie If into many
Branches, and growing about two beet high , on the
tops whereof are Jmall Thiltle like heads , armed
round about with many fimrp Prickles , not ?nuch

Thiftle Star white Flower’d.

unlike to a large fparkling Star. The F lowers are
of a white color, and the Seed is Jmall and fiatt ifi)
round. In a word, there is little or no difference
in the Form of this from the former , but in the
white greennefis of the Leaves , and the white
threaded Flowers.

V. The Places. They are faid to grow onwafte
and Barren places, near Cities and Towns, almolt
every where : The firft has been found in many
parts about Mile-End Green near London. The
other is much more rare, not being fo common to
be met withall.

VI. The Times. They Flourifh and Flower in
June and July , and their Seed is ripe in July and
Augufi.

VII. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the firft
Degree, Aperitive, Diuredck, Stomatick, and
Nephritick.

VIII. The Specification. It isufed for the Cure
of the Strangury, Gravel and Stone in Reins or Blad-
der, Fiftula’s, French Pox , Obltruftions of the
Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Reinsand Womb, Agues,
the Plague, and all forts of Peftilential Difeafes.

IX. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, 1 . A Liquid Juice or Effence of the whole
Plant. 2. A Pouder of the Seed. 3. A Pouder
of the Root. 4. A Difiilled Water from the whole
Plant.

The Virtues.

\ X. The Juice or Effence. Drunk from 2 to 4
Spoonfuls in a Glafs ot white Port, or Lisbon Wine,
i it Ofens all Obftru&icns of the Vifcera, cleanles
1 the Stomach. Womb, Reins and Bladder, gives

Chip. 6 9 4* Englijh Herbs.

eafe in the Strangury, provokes Urine, helps to
break gritty S-ones, and to expel them. It pre-
vails powerfully againft the french Pax, induces
the Cure of Fiftula’s, is profitable againft the
Plague, and all Pellilential Dileafes, and Cures
Quotidian and Tertian Agues.

XI. The Poudcrof the Seed ■ Given to a Dram
or Dram and half, Morning and Evening, in white
Port, or Lisbon, or Sherry Wines, either raw or
Mull’d, it gives eafe in the Srrangury, provokes
Urine, and is profitable againft Gravel', Stone and
Tartarous Mucilage, whether in the Reins or Blad-
der.

XII. The Ponder of the Root. It may be given
from ore Dram to two in Mull’d Sack, Morning
and Night, againft the Plague or Pdtilence, and
all forts of malign and Peitilential Difeafes ^ and
fo taken alio for fome time, it is faid to induce
the Cure of Fiftula’s in any part of the Body.

XIII. The DiJlilledWater. Baptifta Sard ns com-
mends it (being drank) againft the Trench Pox, to
open Obftru&ions of Liver and Spleen, cleanfe the
Blood, and to core Quotidian and Tertian Agues.
If thefe are the Virtues of the Dift tiled Water , I
am fure the Juice or EJJence aforementioned, will
perform the fame things much more powerfully.

CHAP. DCXCIV.

Of THISTLE HartichoaJ^lilfe.

I, *Tp H E Names. It is faid to be the 2m4®-
J. Diofcoridis 5 in Latine Scolymus , Car duns
Cin are us, Cardura Cynareus aculeatus : in Enelifti
The H irtichoakJike 1 hiflle.

II. The Rinds. It is Singular is fui generis a
true Thiftle like Plant, its Leaves being armed with
Prickles as inoft ocher Thiftles are.

St

The Defcription.

/Jjh A/ ^oot is great, fo it Spreads much, and
JP ings forth out of the bant, with fevcral large
hard narrow Leaves, which as they are varioufhi
and irregularly indented and gafit In on the f del
■> alen lhjy f very corner of thofe dajhes , armed

h fttff and Jlaarp prickles, as other Thiftles ge-
"Vjd ,“.n- Thefer ^ abere they dole upon
the Stalk encompafs the fame, and are of a dirk
green color. It fends up Sometimes but one Sulk
and Sometimes two or more , at the top of which Stall
comes forth a Thiltl e-like fcaly prickly Head lelh-r
than thofe of the Chardo4, Thich Ire ke f, ,!be
eaten, whtch ,s alfo armed with fiiff Jbarp prickles
rrm, he middle of this Head confi {ojfififfj,
Lnmfon Thrum, or heap of Threads, which offer

fZeuWt dT P“fa ,beSeei remain, in

the heads being fiat , and like other Thiftle-^/
enveloped in Down. >

IV. The Places. It grows wild in many South-
ern Countries, as about Montpelier in Prance but

“ft1 £..onlJr t0 befound in our Gardens’

V. the Times. It Flowers in the end of Sum-
mCT, and the Seed is ripe in about 4 or 5 Weeks

VI. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the firft
De&f’>e,mive’ Aft™gmtand Diuretick.

VU. The Spec, feat, on. It has the general pro-
perty of molt other Thiftles, vis. to remedy Pthe
whnllnSRSf0r of ,the Armf its’ “d indeed of the

Drfnl k k r eX?d (tron§ and linking

Urine, thereby cieanfing the Reins and Bladder of
and mucilaginous Recrementslodg’d in thofe

VIII. The Preparations. The Deeoffion of the
Loots or Heads, or both in Water or Wine is, hat •
which h chefy ufei Medically.

The Virtues,

Thiftle Hartichoak-like.

IX. The Decaff, on aforementioned. Made with
Water or Wine, or half Water half Wine, being
taken Morning and Evening to half a Pint oimore
fweetned with double refin’d Sugar, provokes
Urine after a fingular manner; and by the Urina-
ry pallages carries off all the foetid or Sinking
Kecremeiits ol the Blood and Humors, which caufc
the Arm-Pits and whole Body to have an ill Smell-
and withal cleanfes the Reinsand Bladder of Gra-

parG nd’ 3nd Tartarous matter IodSe(J in thofe

CHAP. DCXCV.

Of THROUGH - WAX:

o g,

Through - Leaf.

I. Names. Since no Creek nor Antienr

X Latin Authors have wrote of this Plant
we can give you no Names from them. Our mo-
dern Authors do generally call it, Perfo/iata, and
Perfoliatum : In Englilh , Through - Leaf , and
Through-Wax. Jft. The

1152 Salmon s 'Herbal. Lib. 1.

II. The Kinds. We have an account of ten or
twelve forts of this Plant, but molt of them being
Strangers to us, we fhall only take notice of fuch
as are. o be met with in Great-Brit ain , which are
the three following, viz. 1. Ferfoliata vulgaris ,
Our common Through-Leaf 2. Ferfoliata flore
multiple i, Ferfoliata longifolia Dalechampij in Lug-
dune nfi , Double Flowered Through - Wax , or
Through- Leaf. 3. Ferfoliata filiquofa vulgaris ,
Napifolia Anglorum filiquofa Lobehj , Camerarij ,
Gefneri , Tabernxrnontani , 6^ Tragi-, Ferfoliata
Napifolia Lobelij , becaufe as he fays, it partakes
of the Navew •, and therefore fome have called it
alfo Brajfca campeftris , Sy/veflris vel Agreflis Si-
liquofa , or Ferfoliata : Our Common Codded
Through-Wax, w Through-Leaf.

T/je Defer iff ions.

III. The firft, or our Common Through - Leaf,
bar a Root which is [mall , long and lignous , peri fil-
ing every Fear after Seed time , rifng plenti-

fully of its own Sowing the Spring following. It
fends forth one (I r eight round Stalky and fometimes
more , /wa or more high , whofe lower Leaves be-

ing of a blewift: green Color, are f mailer and nar-
rower than thofe up higher , and do fland clofe there-
to., not encompafjing it , but oa they grow higher ,
/ ww/r encompafs the Stalk they
fpring from , until it wholly (as it were) paffes
thro ’ ;/;tv;z } branching towards the top into many

Through-Leaf Common.

parts, where the Leaves grow f mailer again , dwry
one funding fingly , and never two at any Joint ,
j "he Flowers are very f mall and yellow , fianding in
Tafts at the heads of the Branches , where (the
blowers being pafPd away) the Seed follows, which
- f /-?;./// <7ay/ blackifh , wazry thru ft thick together.

IV. The fecond, or Double Flowered Through-

Leaf This differs in nothing from the former , but
in the Heads of Flowers , which are thicker Jet to-
gether, and larger , /?/// £/W no Seed , w/W/y

^ degenerate Species , r/jfag /fo Seed of the
former , fpending its Strength and lncrcafc in its
plentiful Heads of Flowers.

V. The third, or our Common Codded Through-
Leaf. Its Root is f mall and woody , periftfmg after
Seed time , zuft/Vfr fends up weak Stalks, fpreading
tbemfelves out at every Joint, with Leaves Jet at
them, encompajfing them at the bottom, very like
unto the frft Common Through-Wax, but thicker,
fatter, and longer pointed , and of a whiter green
Color, mof like unto Cabbage or Colewort Leaves ,
and ufually with an unevennefs on the edges. The
tops of the Branches are furnifhed with many fmall
white Flowers , funding one above another , conftfi -

Through-Leaf Codded.

ing of four Leaves a piece, which afterwards turn
into [mail long Cods , which are as it were fquare,
in which is contained round brownif? Seed.

VI. Gerard deferibes this Codded Plant thus.
Its Root is long and ftngle, dying when it has brought
forth its Seed. It has fmall tender brittle Stalks 2
Feet high, bearing Leaves which wrap and cn clofe
tbemfelves roundabout, altboThcy arc not run thro'
as the others are yet they grow in fuch a manner,
that upon the fudden view thereof, they feem to be
pierced or paf thro ’ as the others are. Upon the
fmall Branches do grow fmall white Flowers, which
being paf, there follow fender long Cuds, like
thofe of Turneps or Navews, whofe Leaves and
Cods do fomewhat referable the fame, from whence
came the Name Napifolia. There is a wild Kind
hereof growing in Kent, in many places among the
Corn, like this in each refpett, but altogether lefs -,
l which if it was brought into Gardens, would no doubt
prove the very fame. VII. The

Chap. 694. Englifh Herbs.

11

VII. T he Places. The firft is found oftentimes
in our Land, in Corn Fields, and Pafture Grounds.
John [on in Gerard fays it grows plentifully in ma-
ny places about Kent, and between E arningham
and Aimsford, it grows in fuch quantities in the
Corn-Fields, as one Mr. Bowles fays, on the tops
of the Hills, that it may well be termed a Nuife-
ance. The fecond is Nurlt up in Gardens, as in-
deed are all the three Kinds. The third grows
alfo in our Corn-F'ields, and Wild as Lobe/ affirms 5
but is for the molt part Nurltup inour Gardens.

VIII. T he Limes. They all Flower thro’ the
Months of June and July and their Seed is ripe
in July and Augutl.

IX. The Qualities. Through-Leaf is hot and
dry in the firft Degree ; Ablterfive, Allringent and
Vulnerary.

X. The Specification. It is ufed for Bruifesand
Wounds whether inward or outward, and Ruptures
of all kinds, whether in Old or Young.

XI. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, 1 • A Liquid Juice or El fence from the whole
Plant. 2. A DecoSion in Water or Wine. 3 . A
Ponder of the dryed Herb. 4. An Oil or Ointment ,
5. A Cataplafm of the Leaves. And thefe may be
made of either of the Kinds : The Codded Species
having (as Tragus fays) the fame Operation and
Virtues with the other, and working the fame
Fffefts.

She Virtues.

XII. The Liquid Juice or EJfence. Either of
them may be given inwardly from 2 to 4 Spoon-
fuls in red Fort Wine, or Barabar Wine Mull'd,
Morning and Night, tor inward Wounds or Brui-
fes, or inward Ulcers in the Lungs, Reins, Bladder
or Womb ; as alfo for Ruptures whether of the
Navel, Tefticles or Groin, and the parts outward-
ly afteUed may be walhed and fomented with the
lame, to induce a fpeedy Cure, whether in Old or
Young.

XIU. The TsecoBion in Water or Wine. It has
the fame EfFefts, but is much weaker, and may be
ufed in the fame manner : When taken inwardly,
it may be given to half a Pint or more at a time.

XIV. The Ponder of the Leaves. It has the
force of the Juice or Effence, being given to a
Dtam or more at a time Morning and Evening, fo
long as needfhall require. Outwardly Itrewed up-
on old, putrid and running Ulcers, ir cleanfes
them, has an incarnate force, drys, and quickly
heals them.

XV. The Oil or Ointment, made of the green
Herb. It is good to eafe Pain, reprefs a Flux of
Humours to any part, to cleanfe and dry old Ul-
cers, and fpeedily to heal up green Wounds, be-
ing Artfully applyed.

XVI. The Cataplafm. Applyed outwardly,’ it
has the fame Force and Virtues with the former
Preparations ; it difcufles fimple and recent Con-
tufions, but is of principal ule for the cureof Rup-
tures in Children, before they grow too old.

THREE-FACES in a Hood, fee Hearts-Eafe, Chap.

(34°, 347-

THREE-LEA V’D GRASS, fee Trefoil, Chap. 70;.

C Grafs, Chap. 327. Sell. 226, 227.

THRIFT, fee < p;^' 0,^. 564. Seff. 18. i9,
C 4°-

CHAP. DCXCVI.

53

Of THROAT-WORT;

0 R,

C ANTERBVRY- BELLS.

l. 'TT'HE Kama. This Plant is called in Greek

, Tefxtnm ■ in Latine, Trachelium, Cervicaria
(tor that it is good againft the Strumous Kernels
in the Neck and Uvularia , (becaufe it helps the

vvf. tj PaH? °f the Mouth as fome call it,) in
knglilh Throat -Wort or Canterbury-Bells.

II. The Kinds. Authors make Fifteen or Six-
teen, or more Kinds of Throat-Worts, but molt of
them being Strangers with us, and Icarcely to be
ieen in fome Ages, unlefs by Travellers, we (hall
only rake notice of thofe which grow in our Coun-
try either Wild, orin Gardens, which are the ieven
following, viz. i . Trachelium minus Dodonzi Lo-
beltj altorumque, Cervicaria minor Tabernzmnta-

m, Uvularia extgua Tragi, The lelTer Throat Wort
or. Canterbury -Bells. 2. Trachelium maius flore
albido velpurpureo fimplex. The greater Throat-
Wort «r Canterbury - Bells. 3. Trachelium maius
flore duphet albo V Czruleo , The greater Throat-

Wor l or Canterbury-Bells double Flowered, white
and blew. 4. Trachelium maius Bdgarum Lobelii
The greater Dutch Throat-Wort. ;. Trachelium
Gtgantcum flore purpurame. Giants Throat-Wort
or Canterbury-Bells with a pale purple Flower!
6. trachelium ferotinum. Late Flowering Throat-
Wort or Canterbury-Bells. 7. Trachelium Ameri-
canum flore ruberrtmo. Plant a Cardinal is The
rich Crimfon American Throat- Wort or Cardinals
Flower.

Throat-Wort fmall, Common.

ii54 Salmon s 'Herbal . Lib. 1.

T he Dcfcriptions.

III. The firft, or leffer Throat- Wort or Canter-
bury-Bells. The Root is la fling, /booting up a frefh
every Tear. It has f mailer Leaves , and nothing Jo
broad as the great Kind , but long , and little or no-
thing dented about the edges. The St alks ar c fquare. ,
and br-ownifh if it bears purple Flowers, but green
if it bears white Flowers, which in Form are alike ,
and grow in a Bufh or Tuft thick Jet together ,
more than any of the others, and f mailer aljo, being
not much bigger than the Flowers of the Field or
Garden Rampions.

IV. The fecond, qr greater Throat- Wort, or
Canterbury - Bells. Its Root is hard and white,
fpreading it felf out into many Branches under
Ground, not perifhing every Tear (the? it loofes all
its Leaves in Winter) but abiding many Tears, and
increafing into Jeveral Heads or Knobs, from whence
fpring up new Leaves and Branches. It has many
large and rough Leaves, fomething like unto Nettie
Leaves, being broad and round at the bottom, and
pointed at the end, and notched or dented on the
edges , every one f landing on a large Foot [talk. From
among thefe Leaves rife up divers fquare rough
Stalks, divided at the top into Jeveral Branches, on
which grow the like Leaves as at bottom, but / offer -,
towards the ends of the Branches ft and the Flowers
intermixed with Jome longer Heads, every one in
its Jeveral Husk, which arc hollow, long and round,
like a Bell or Cup, wide open at the Mouth, and
cut at the Brim into five Corners or Divifions, Jome -
what leffer than the Coventry Bells, in Chap. LXIV.
Sell. V. aforegoing', which in Jome VI ants are of a
pure white, in Jome whitifh, and in others of a
fair, deep. Purple color, and in other Jome paler.
After the l lowers are pajft, come frailer and rounder
Heads than in the Coventry -Bells, containing flat
Seed, but blacker, and not fo red as thofe.

V. The third, or greater Throat- Wort, or Can-
terbury-Bells. Its Root is like the /aft beforegoing ,
nor does it differ in any thing therefrom , but in the
duplicity of its Flower and there is of both white
and Purple Kinds , a double Flower'd Species, which
have cl able white Flowers, and double Purple or
Blew.

VI. The fourth, or greater Dutch Throat-Wort.
Its Root is pretty large, fpreading under Ground ,
and has many Fibres adjoining. It rifts up with fe-
ver al Branches or Stalks, which are tall, great and
hairy , with Jeveral Leaves Jet thereon at dijlances,
Jome times fingly, and fometimes two together upon
fhort Foot ft alks, , which are pretty long, broadifh at
bottom, and Jo growing gradually to a fharp Point,
and are notched like a Saw on the edges, not much
unlike thofe of the greater Throat- Wort at Se£l. IV.
above, Jiving that thefe are much greater both in
the l eaves and Stalks. The Flowers are of a Pur-
plifh blew color , and almoft a s large as thofe of the
Coventry- Bells ; In all other particulars it agrees
with the farmer greater Kind.

VII. The fifth, or Giants Throat-Wort, or Can-
terbury-Bells. Its Root is great, thick and white ,
not perifhing Annually, but abiding many Tears.
This tho ’ it has a Gigantine Name, yet fcarcely ever
grows higher than the fecond fort aforegoing. Its
Leaves are not fo rough, but as large, and dented
about the edges, fomewhat larger pointed, and of a
frefher green color. The Stalks bear fuch like
Leaves on them , more thinly or dfperfedly Jet, ha-
ving a Flower at the bottom of every Leaf from the
middle upwards , being fomewhat like the great
Throat- Wort in Form , but of a pale or bleak reddifh

purple color, turning their Brims or Corners a lit-
tle backward, with a Forked Clapper in the middle,
which is eminent and yellow. The Seed is white
and plentiful in the Heads, which will abide all the
Winter upon the Stalks , until all the Seed being
fed, the Heads remaining feem like torn Rags or
thin pieces of Skin eaten with Worms. There is
another of this Species , but it differs in nothing from
this now Defcribed , but in us Flower, which is
White.

VIII. Thefixtb, or late Flowering Throat- Wort

or Canterbury Bells. Its Root is thick and bufhy
its lower Leaves are Downy, dark, green , and pret -
ty f oft in handling, broad at bottom and Jrn all, and
fharp at the point , unevenly waved or notched about
the edges. The Stalk rifes up to be about 3 Feet
high, being J oft, and aim a
Jpread out into Jome Branches at the top, bearing
many Bell-fafhioned Flowers , like the firft greater
fort (at Sea. IV.) but f mailer , and of a pale blezv-
i/h or purpljfh Aft) color, which by reafon of their
late Flowering, gave cccafion for the Name.

IX. The fevenrh, or rich Crimfon Throat- Wort
of America, or Cardinals Flower. This brave
Plant has a white Root , which fpreads it felf divers
ways under Ground, and fejids forth many green
Leaves , which are Jpread round about the head
thereof, each of which is fomething broad and long,
pointed at the end \ and finely f nipt about the edges,
from the midft of which rifes up a round hollow Stalk
two Feet high at leaf, befet with divers fuch Leaves
as grow below, but longer below than above, and
fpreading it felf out at top abundantly, every Branch
bearing divers green Leaves on them, undone at the
foot of every one of them alfo , the tops whereof do
end m a very large Tuft of Flowers, with a [mail
green Leaf at the foot of the Stalk of every ; 'low-
er, each Foot folk being about an Inch long, bearing
a round green husk , divided into five long Leaves or
Taints turned downwards -, and in the midft of every
one of them, a moft Rich Crimfon coloured Flower,
ending in five long narrow Leaves, ftanding all of
them fore-right , but 3 of them falling down, with
a long Umbcne or Point le, fet as it were at their
back, bigger below, and J, mailer above, with a fmall
Head at lop, being of a little paler color than the
Flower , but of no Smell at all-, admirable only for
the fo great a Bufh of Orient red Crimfon f lowers.
The Seed is inclofed in fmall Heads, within 'thole
green husks which held the Flowers, which is very
like to the Seed Veffe/s of the Coventry -Bells, and
is fmall, and of a brownifh color.

X. The Places. The firlt has been found grow-
ing in the Meadow next to Dittoes Ferry, as you
go to Wind) or-, upon the Chalky Hills near Green-
hitb'm Kent-, and in a Field by the Highway, go-
ing from thence t o Dart ford in Henningbam-Park
in Effex • and in Sion- Meadow near Brainford, not
far from London. The fecond grows plentifully in
Woods and Hedge-rows in Kent, about Canterbury
Sittingbourn , Gravefend , Southfleet and Grccn-
hith-, efpeciaily under Cobham Park- Hall, leading
from Southfleet to Rocbeflcr -, at El thaw, about the
Park not far from Greenwich, and in moft Palfures
about Watford and Bufl.y, and parts adjacent to
them. The third grows in Gardens. The fourth
grows in Holland ar.d Flanders, and feveral p;:..,
of England. The fifth grows plentifully {
upon rhe Banks of the River Uufe in TorkA'ire
and other places. The fixth fometimes Wild, but
moftly in Gardens. The feventh grows near rhe
River Canada , and in fome parts of New-England
and other parts of America - but in a word, all
thefe feveral Species are Nurft up in many of our
Gardens here in Great-Bntain.

XI. Tht

Chap. 6 9 7 . Engiijh ‘Herbs . 1155

XI. The Times. They Flower from May to the
end of July or Augufi , the Seed ripening in the
mean time.

XII. The Qualities. They are cold and dry in the
firft Degree, A bfterfive, Allringent, and Vulnerary.

XIII. The Specification. Throat -Wort cures In-
fiamations. Wounds and Ulcers in the Tonfils,
Palate, Throat, Mouth, and Secret parts of Man
or Woman.

XIV. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, 1. A Liquid Juice or Efience. 2. A Deco-
ttion in Water or Wine.

The Virtues.

XV. The Liquid Juice or Ejfence. They are
Aftringent, and found to be effeftual to gargle and
wafh the Mouth and Throat, where is any Tumor,
or Inflamation of the Tonfilhc , Uvula , Throat,
Mouth, Gums; as alfo Wounds, Sores or Ulcers
in thofe parrs, being gargled withal warm, or Sy-
ringed into the Throat : So in like manner it is ap-
propriated to running Sores and Ulcers in the
Neck, or Secret parts of Man or Woman, whether
outward or inward, being often wafh’d therewith-,
if outward, or injeUed in with a proper Yard or
Womb Syringe, they wonderfully cleanfe, dry,
and heal them : But if the Sores or Ulcers are in-
veterate or Itubborn, it will be good to add an 8 th
part of Spirit of Wine thereto, and fweeten the
fame with Honey, and towards the condufion, to
every Pint of the Liquid, to add an Ounce or fix
Drams of Koch Alum in fine Pouder.

XV i. The Dec obi ion in Water or Wine , or in half
Water half Wine. If it is made ftrong, it has all
the fame Vinues, being ufed in like manner with
Spirit of Wine , Honey and Alum, and fo applyed
as a Gargarifm, or as a Lotion, or as an Inje&ion
with a proper Syring and it performs the like in
old running Sores or Ulcers in the Neck, or any
other part of the Body ; and by its Faculty of dry-
ing and binding, it reftrains the Flux of fharp hu-
mours to any Ulcer, Sore or part, which fretting
the place, keeps it from healing: It heals alfo fim-
ple green Wounds, conglutinating their Lips after
an excellent manner.

CHAP. DCXCVII.

Of THYME, Vulgarly called
THYME- Garden .

I. r~Y'HE Names. The Arabians call it I iafce :
X in Greek it is called OvuQ- ( dm evp?, )
quod ijs qui animi deliquium patiuntur adhibiatur ■,
in Latine, Thymus and Thymum : in Englifh Thyme ,
and Time.

II. The Kinds. The cheif or principal Kinds
are two, viz. 1. Thymus Hortenfis , Garden Thyme,
of which in this Chapter. 2. Thymus Sylvefiris,
Scrpillum , Wild Thyme, or Mother Thyme, of
which in Chap. 698. next following.

III. The Species of the Garden Kind. They are
chiefly five, viz. 1. Thymus Hortenfis , Thymum
Hortenfe commune , Thymus durior , Thymus vulga-
ris nofir as, Thymum durius & nigrum ; Pepo/ina

L <*falpini , Our Common Garden Thyme. 2. Thju-
mum Legit imum capitatum , Thymum verum Diof
cor i dir, Thymum capitatum , Thymum creticum, The
true Thyme of the Antients. 2. Thymum durius
Candidius, Hoary Garden Thyme. 4. Thymum
Curat urn, Thymum Limonatum , Limon Thyme.
) • Thymum Mafiicinum, Thymum La r folium, alfo
Serpyllum Hortenfe, Maltich Thyme.

Ibe Descriptions.

IV. Thefirfr, or our Garden Thyme, has a fcrub-
by, fibrous, moody Root , which will lize thro ’ many
Winters, if they be not too vehement or Jharply cold,
and the Plant it felf be not grown too great or
woody, ivbicb will alfo caufe it to perifh or dye. It
is a fmall low jhrubby or woody Plant, with brittle

Thyme Garden, common.

Branches , and fmall hard, green Leaves omhem
Kith fmall white purplifh Y lowers, and fome Leaves
among them , Jl ending in rundles round about the
Stalks , after which comes the Seed , which is fmall
aud browner than that of Marjoram. The whole
Plant is of an exceeding Aromatick and fweet Smell

very acute and pleaftng to the Senfes.

There is a Defect in the Cue of this Species, for
here it is reprefented like Thyme cur off or cropr,
Che Graver having cut off the Tops, or left out its’
rundles of Flowers and Seeds. This kind is for the
molt part propagated by Slips, fet in the Spring-
time, after the very cold Weather is palt.

V. The fecond, or true Thyme ot the Antients-
Its Root is woody, pretty long, (ref pell being had tv
jhe Magnitude of the Plant) and flender , with ma-
ny fibres adjoining to it. It is a very tender Plant,
having hard and hoary brittle Branches, f pleading
out from a fmall woody Stem, nearly a foot high on
which grow at fever al Joints, many fmall, whitijh
or hoary green Leaves, of a quick Aromatick fweet
Smell and Tafte. At the tops oj the Branches ft and
fmall whitijh green Heads, fomewhat like unto the
Heads of Stcechas, which are made up as it were of
many Leaves or Scales out of which come forth
fmall purplifh P/owers, not having any manifefi
Seed, as Theophraftus, and fome of the other
7 H 2 Antient

ng6 Salmon

Thyme true of Diofcorides •

Ant \cnt Authors fay * hut the produce of thofe
i he. ids being Sown , give a new increafc of the
Plant , which is a per fed Demonftration that it is
not without its proper Seed.

Thyme Hoary.

VI. The third, or Hoary Thyme. Its Root is
woody, brittle , fmall, fibrous, and pei ennial. It is
in term almojt like the Jirft DcfcrJrd, faving that

‘Herbal. Lib. I.

it grmos not Jo high, its Leaves are longer or lar-
ger, and withal Winter , or a little Hoary , and a
little more thinly or difperfedly Jet : Its Branches
are at fo f mailer, but its Blowers and Seeds grow in
r undies towards the tops like that, and not unlike
them for Form -, but more acute or quick in its
Smell and Tajle , than Our Common Garden
Thyme.

VII. The fourth, or Limon Thyme. It is a
tender but Noble Plant, not much differing in its
Root , Stalks , Branches, Leaves , Form and manner
oj Growing, from our Common Thyme, faving
that it grows more upright , bufhing or fpreading it
felf out thick with Branches. The Leaves are
/mall, and of a green color, which with its Heads
or Run dies of Flowers and Seed, have the perfetl
Smell of a Citron or Limon, but more acute and
Aromatick •, and the Flowers are aljo whiter than
thofe oj the Common fort.

VIII. The fifth, or Maftich Thyme. Its Root is
woody , fibrous and perennial. It grows not fo up-
right as the former kinds , but rather lyes nr jpreads
upon the Ground with fm all Branches, but many
more in number, and nothing near Jo woody >, the
Loaves alfo are not fo hard, but J 'cj ter and broader.
1 he Flowers grow in r undies at the tops of the Stalks
and Branches of a purplijb white color , like thofe
of the Jijft and third forts aforegoing. This bet-
ter endures the Winter, and longer, but gives no
Seed with us, and is therefore propagated by Slip-
ping. It has an Aromatick, Odoriferous pi enfant
Smell and Tajle , yet fcarcely fo quick as the Com-
mon Kind.

IX. The Places. The fecond grows plentifully
about Sevil in Spain, (where they know no other
Thyme) as alfo in Italy , Syria, Candia, and feveral
parts of Greece -, but that, with all the reft, are
Nurft up with us in Gardens. The fourth Kind
Gerard fays, he found growing Wild in a Barren
Field at Southfleet in Kent -, but it is truly with us
a Garden Plant $ yet it is found in many places in
Kent , between Southfleet and L nigfield - Downes,
and between Rochefler and Sittingbourn , even in
the High- way, where, by its very Smell, it may be
known Irom the Common.

X. The Times. They Flower with us about the
latter end of June, and thro’ all July -, but the fe-
cond Species Flowers later, viz. fcarcely till Augufi.

XL The Qualities. They are hot and dry in
the third Degree at leaft; Aperitive, Abfterfive,
Aftringent, Diuretick, Stomatick, Cephalick, Neu-
rotick, Hyfterickj Nephritick, Alexipharmick,and
Emmenagogick.

XII. I he Specification. Thyme is ufed chiefly
for Difeafes of the Head, Brain and Nerves, as Le-
thargies, Vertigo’s, Palfies, Convul lions, Apoplex-
ies-, alfo for Sicknefs at Heart or Stomach, Fail-
ings, Swoonings, Palpitation of the Heart, Ob-
ftruftionsof the Lungs, and the Strangury. It pro-
vokes the Terms in Women, expels both Birth and
After- birth, and helps fuch as ate dull Sighted,
and have a bad Memory.

XIII. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, i. A J /quid Juice, i. An Effcnce. 3. A
T ecottion in Water and Wine. 4. A Deccfl d Oil.

A Pouder. 6. A Cataplafm. 7. A 1 . tiled
Water. 8. A Spirit. 9. A Di filled Oil. 10. Po-
tt flares or Powers, n. A Spirituous TirMure.
12. An Acid TirMure. 1 3. An Oi/y Tinttute.

The Virtues.

XIV. The Liquid Juice. Bathed upon Warts
it takes them away ; it diftuftes cold Tumors, and

eafes

Chap .697. UngUjh Herbs.

1 1

eafes Pains in any part proceeding from a cold
Caufe, by applying it to the Place: And fnuftup
the Noftrils as an Errhine, it purges the Head and
Brain of cold pituitous Humors which caule Apo-
plexies, Lethargies, Vertigo’s, Palfies, dullnefs of
Sight, weaknefs of the Memory, Head-achs, Me-
grim, 0V.

XV. The EJfence. Given from one Spoonful to
two Spoonfuls or more, in the Diftil/cd Water , or
other proper Vehicle, itcaufes an expectoration of
Flegm (fo alfo if it is taken with Honey, Salt and
Vinegar:) It is good for the Spleen, (horrnefs of
Breath, and difficulty of breathings kills Worms
in the Belly, provokes Urine and the Terms, faci-
litates both Birth and After-birth, expells the dead
Child s Snd being bathed upon recent Tumors, it
difculfes them.

XVI. The Decottion in Water or Wine , or in a
mixture of both. It has the Virtues of the EJfence
aforegoing, but as it has not the fame ftrengch, fo
it ought to be given in a much larger quantity, as
to half a Pint at a time, more or lefs * it helps
fuch as are dull Sighted, have a bad Memory, and
an ill Digeftion, becaufe it warms, comforts, and
ltrengthens the Tone thereof.

XVII. The Decoded Oil . It is Anodyne, eafes
all Aches and Pains in any part, as alfo painful
Tumors, Gout, &c. arifing from cold and moift
Caufes, being bathed Morning and Night upon the
parts affefted before the Fire : It eafes Griping
pains iu the Belly, pains of the Spleen, and is very
effectual in curing the Cramp.

XVIII. The Pouder of the Leaves and Heads.
llfed as an Errhine, it cleanfes the Head and Brain
of cold and moift Recrements, which are the caufes
of many Difeafes. It is of good ufe in Meats and
Broths, to warm and comfort a cold and moift Sto-
mach, to help Digeftion, and expel Wind. If gi-
ven to three Drams ( I (hould think two Drams to
be enough) in Oxymel fading, it is laid to purge
Choler and other (harp Humors, and help fuch as
have the Gout, and is profitable for fuch as have
an Apoplexy, Falling-Sicknefs or Lethargy. Gi-
ven to a Dram, or Dram and half every Morning
fading in Mead, or Oxymel, it brings down a great
Belly, and takes away the hardnefs thereof. It is
good againft the fwelling and pain of the Spleen,
pains in the Reins and Hips eafes pains in the
Eyes, and helps fuch as are Blear-Ey’d. Given to
two Drams in White Port or Lisbon Wine, it pro-
vokes Urine, gives eafe in the Strangury, and ex-
pels Sand, Gravel, and Tartarous Slime in the
Reins and Bladder : Mixt with a double or treble
quantity of Honey, and given in Anifeed-Wine , it
is comfortable to the Head and Stomach, expells
Wind, eafes the Strangury, and helps a dry Cough.

XIX. The Cataplafm. The Leaves beaten into
a pulp in a Stone or Brafs Mortar, adding a fuffi-
cient quantity of the Liquid Juice , and brought to
a Coniiftency with Bean or Wheat - Flower, or
white Bread, eafes the pain, and difeuftes che Tumor
in the Cods which are much tumified or fwoln : So
alfo applyed to the Forehead and Temples, it eafes
the Megrim, Headach, and helps other Difeafes of
thofe parts.

XX. The Dijiilled Water. It has the Virtues
of Juice and Effence , but much weaker : Mixed
with Vinegar of Rofes, and applyed as an Epithem
to the Forehead and Temples, it is faid to eafe the
raging pain of the Headach and Megrim •, help
againft the Vertigo, and abate the raging in Fren-
zies and Deliriums. Given inwardly to 4 or 6
Ounces, with 40 or 60 Drops of Oleum Tartari
per deliquium , it is faid to break the Stone in the
Bladder ; at leaft it potently cleanfes the Urinary

57

parrs °f Sand, Gravel, and Tartarous Muciiar-
°dg’d in thofe parrs.

XXI. The Spirit. Given to a Spoonful or more
at a time, eirher alone well dulcified with Su?ar*
or Syrup of Cloyegilliflowers, or in u Glafs of gene-
rous Canary, it very much comforts the Stomach
warms and ltrengthens it, is good againft palpirari-
dn of the Heart, Sicknefs at Heart, Fainting and
Swooning Fits, and other illnefl’es of the middle
Ventricie.

XXII. n )e Dijiilled Oil. It is of excellent ufe
tor all cold and moift Difeafes of the Head, Brain
and Nerves; and therefore is a molt potent thing
againlt Convulfions, Cramps, Apoplexies, Epilep
hes, lertigos. Lethargies, Palfies and Agues. Dofe
from 4 Drops to ro, according to Age and the ex-
igency ol the Difeafe, being dropc into fine Sugar
and then mixt with fome proper Vehicleto fwallow’
it down in.

XXIII. The Poreftates or Powers. They have
ail the Virtues of the EJfence, Oil and Spirit ,
are very lubtil, and pent trace more than either of
rhem • (and in my Opinion) are better to be given
m Vertigo’s Lethargies, Convulfions, Apoplexies,
Fpuepfies, Palfies, Gout, (Jc. and much more ef-
reciual than the EJfence or Spirit , and more iafe
than the Oil for outward application. Dofe from
3° to 60 Drops or more in Canary, or any other
convenient Vehicle Morning and Night, to be ufed

S'? i C°ntim‘a”d°, fo long as the neceflity of the
Dileafe (hall require.

XXIV. The spirituous TinSure. It is Cepha-
*lc*> Neurotick, Stomatick and Hyfterick, good
againft all the cold and moift affeflions of thofe
parts; warming, comforting and ftrengthening
them, and reftoring their Tone when profiigated
or hurt. Dofe from 20 to 50 Drops in Wine, or
fome other fitVehicle, which may beft agree with
the Stomach of the Patient.

XXV. The Acid TinSure. It is an Alexipha-
racon, good againft the Plague or Peftilence, and
all forts of Peltilenrial Difeafes, by defending rhe
Hearr, and deftroying the very Eflence of the Ma-
lignity : It is alfo good againft the bitings of Ser-
pents or Mad Dogs, or any other Venomous Crea-
ture, by deftroying the ferment of the Poifon, and
fo putting a flop to its Carrere, that it may not
infect the Blood, and contaminate the Vital and
Animal Spirits. Dofe fo many Drops as to make
the Vehicle, as Canary or other Wine, pleafantly
(harp, and ro be repeated 3 or 4 times a day as
necefiity may require.

XXVI. The Oily TinSure. It is a Nephritick
and powerfully opens all Obftruaions of the
Reins, Uretersand Bladder, as alfo of the Womb:

It gives eafe in the Strangury, provokes Urine
and cleanfes the Urinary paffages of all forts of
Hetrogene matters; and many times carries offby
Urine, the Morbifick caufe of Palfies, Lethargies,
Apoplexies, Epilepfies, Rheumacifms and Gouts •

It opens ObftruUions of the Womb, provokes the
Terms, facilitates the Birth, gives eafe in the Col-
lick, and fupprefles Vapors, whether arifing from
the Stomach, Spleen or Womb. Dofe from 6
Drops to 10, 15, or 20, in any proper mix-
ture, as the Age and Nature of the Difeafe may
require.

CHAP.

1158 Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. 1.

CHAP. DCXCVIII.

Of THYME-WILD:

0 R,

MOTHER-THEME.

I. 'Tp H E Names. It is called by the Arabians
JL Hemen : in Greek am r* k 7r-‘v>

a Serpendo dittum) in Latine, Serpillum, and Ser-
pyllum, Thy mum Sylvefire : and in Englifh, Wild
'Thyme] Mother Thyme , or Mother of Thyme.

II. The Kinds. There are many Kinds of this
Plant, but vve (hall treat only of the five follow-
ing, viz. 1. Serpillum majus flore purpureo , If
flore albo , vcl Candida , The greater Wild Thyme,
or Mother Thyme, both with a purple and white
Flower. 2. Serpyllum Sylvefire Clitjij •, Serpyllum
Narbonenfe Lobelij ; Uuflius his Wild Thyme.
3. Serpyllum vulgar c minus, "E?™*;.©- ape*©-, Ser-
fyCum Sylvejlre minus, Our Common Wild Thyme,
or Mother Thyme. 4. Serpyllum Mof chat urn ,
Musked Mother Thyme. 5. Serpyllum aureum ,
five verficolorum , Gilded or changeable Coloured
Wild Thyme.

T be Descriptions,

III. The firft, or greater Wild Thyme, ar Mo-
ther Thyme. Its Root is bujhy and fibrous , almofi
like that of Our Common Garden Thyme. It
grow more upright than other Wild Thyme does,
with two Leaves for the moft part at a Joint like
the other, but greater, and not of fo dark a green

Mother of Thyme.

color. The blowers grow at the tops of the Stalks ,
not much unlike to the Garden Thyme, of a reddifi?
purple color , but fomewhat larger , as the whole
Riant is : Its Smell is not vehemently fir ong, but
Thym e-like fweet , and of a hot Tafte. There is
another fort of this Species , differing only in theje
things , that its Leaves are of a frejher green ,
and its blowers of a white color.

IV. The fecond, or Clufius his Wild Thyme.
Its Root is woody , and it fprings up with many
hard or woody B? anches , ft ending in a manner up-
right, or but a little inclining , fet with many Leaves
together at f faces , fomewhat longer than in any
other fort of Thyme. The flowers grow in Run
dies by f paces towards the tops of the Stalks ,
with fome few Leaves at them , being of a pur-
plifl) color , very like to Garden Thyme j which
Leaves , as alfo the Stalks , are of a whitifh hoari-
nefs , and abide all Winter. It is of a Jlrong heady
Aromatick Smell , a little like to Southernwood.

V. The third, or our common Wild Thyme, or
Mother-Thyme. Its Root runs feveral ways under
the upper Surface of the Ground , with many fmall
fibres fpringing from it which fpreading Root

Thyme Wild, Small

fprings up in feveral places , fo that the Plant
Jcrms to be a roundifh bufth or heap of Thyme laid
and fpread about the fame. It fprings up with
many hard brownifh Branches round about the fa id
Root , all of them lying as it were upon the Ground ,
which alfo take Root again as they lye , and fo fpread
the mf elves every way. The Leaves are fmall and
of a Jad green color , fuelling like unto Thyme, but
not altogether fo acute or quick , nor yet of altoge-
ther fo hot or quick a Tafie. The flowers grew
at the tops of the Branches of a purple color. There
, is another fort of this Species , differing nothing at
' all therefrom , but only in the color of the flower
which is white.

VI. The fourth, or Musked Mother - Thyme.

| It hen a running fmall fibrous Root , which jer.ds
j forth Branches , growing as it were upright , but
with fewer Stalks , and thinner f t zcith Leaves
' which are feme what longer than ihofe of the Com-
# mon

Chap. 699. TLnglijh Herbs . 1 1 -9

mon Thyme, 0/ /> fad a green color :

Its Flowers grow in r undies towards the tops of the
Stalks and Branches , and the Smell of the whole
Plant is very near to that of Musk , from which it
took its Name.

VII. The fifth, or Gilded , or Changeable
colored Wild Thyme. The difference of this
Species from the common Wild kind , confifts chiejiy
in the variable mixture of Green and Fellow, in the
Leaves of this Thyme •, for the green Leaves thereof
are in fome firiped , and in others edged with a Gold
yellow color , which has given occafion to its Gilded
or Changeable cplored Name .

VIII. The Places. In many Forreign Countries
where the Climates are warm, as Syria, Greece ,
Creet, Spain , Italy, &c. they are faid to grow
Wild, whence they are called Wild Thyme ■, but
with us in England , they are all Nurft up in Gar-
dens : However the third Species I have found
growing in many Counties of our Land * as in
Norfolk , Cambridge/hire , Effex, Kent, Surry, &c.
That with white Flowers which is the more rare,
has been found growing on huffy Heath, in Digwcl-
Meadows by Hatfield.

IX. The Times. They Flourifh all the Summer
long, but their Flowering rime is chiefly in June
and July.

X. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations
and Virtues of thele Mother-Thyme Plants, are al-
together the fame with thofe fpecified of Garden-
Thyme in the former Chapter -, nor is there any
manifeft difference between them as to their Force,
Strength and Effe&s, fo that we need fay no more
thereof in this place.

TOAD-FLAX, fee Flaxweed, Chap. 269, 270.
TOAD- STOOL, /^Mufhroom,C7;<?/>. 707, 508.
TONGUE-BLADE,/^ Horfe-Tongue, Cap. 382.
TORCHES, fee Mullein, Chap. 507, $ 08, 5:09.

CHAP. DCXCIX.

Of TOBACCO Englijb .

I. 'TpLT E Names. It has no Arabick nor Greek
Jl Name that we know of, being a Plant un-
known to the Antients but our Moderns have cal-
led it in Latine Pctum (which is faid to be the pro-
per Indian Name) and Nicotiana, (from one Nicot
a French- Man, Refident in Portugal, who firft fent
it to the Queen of France, from whence it was alfo
called Herba Regina : ) It was alfo called Tobacco,
as firlt coming to us from an Ifland of that Name in
the Wefi-Indies : Lobel accounts it a kind of Hyof-
cyamus or Henbane, and therefore called it Hy of cy-
an; us Luteus, and Hyofcyamus dubius, as being a
yellow or doubtful kind of Henbane. We in
Englifh call it Tobacco.

11. The Kinds. It is either 1. Englifh, called
Petum Anglic um, Nicotiana Anglica, Englifh To-
bacco, of which in this Chapter. 2. Or Petum
Indie um, Petum Americanum, Petum H f panic um ,
Nicotiana Mexicana vel Peruviana, Nicotiana
Virginiana, Indian or American Tobacco, of which
in the lecond Book of this Work,

1 he Defcriptions.

III. Its Root is neither fo great nor woody as that
°J thc Indian Kinds , and perijhes every Tear wih
the broils in Winter , but generally comes up aeain
0) the Seed, which is ffed of its own acco>df It
rijes up with a thick round Stalk, about two Feet
high, on which do grow thick, fit, andfiejhy green
Leaves, nothing Jo large as the other Indian Kinds
neither for length nor breadth , a little round iff
pointed, and fmooth on the edges. The Stalk is
branched out varioufly, bearing at the tops of each
Branch J ever al Flowers, fet in green Hf^sks like the
others, but nothing Jo large, fcarcely gWwing above

Tobacco Englijb.

the brims of t he Husks, round pointed alfo , and of
a gt eeniff yellow color. The Seed which follows is
not fo bright as the Spanifh or Virginian, but lar-
ger than it, and contained in the like large Heads.

IV. Gerard deferibes it thus,. Its Root is fmall
and thready , it grows to the height- of two Cubits :
the Stalk is thick , fat and great , full of a fpongy
Pith and is J'pread out into fever al Branches, fet
with fmooth and even Leaves , thick, and full of
Juice. The Flowers grow at the tops of the Branch-
es, orderly placed, oj a pale yellow color , fome-
thwg leffer than thofe of the Black Henbane. The
Lups in which the Flowers do JIand, are like, but
leper tenderer, and without ffarp points, in which
fiends the Husk or Head, fomethmg round , full of
very fmall Seed, not much unlike the Seed of
Marjoram.

- o’ F^ac?s’ This was brought into Europe
in Seed by Nicot, with the Seed alfo of the true
Indian or American Tobacco , of which this our pre-
lent Plant is certainly a Species. Lobel thought it

to'

n6o Salmons Herbal. Lib. L

to participate both of Henbane and Tobacco, from
whence he was induced to give it thofe particular
Names ; but it is ufed by many inftead of Tobacco,
and is alfo called by the fame Name, being firft
brought (as it is thought) from fome parts of Bra-
fit , which is probable from Nicots Agency in Por-
tugal, to whofe King the whole Brafilian Country
was fubjefl. It is alfo faid to be brought from
T rinidada (an Iiland in tile Weft Indies) and from
Virginia, and leveral other places and being ta-
ken in Pipes as other Tobacco, its fumes or imoak,
work the fame effe&s, of Drunker.nefs, lariating
the Stomach, reviving the Spirits, and itrengthen-
ing the whole Man (in fuch as be accultomed to
Tobacco) as the true Spani/h or Virginian do. It
is planted^ out Gardens in England, and is more
familiar With us than the other Indian Kinds are.
Being Sown here, ir profpers exceedingly, info-
much that it is not ealie to be deftroyed where it
once has Sownitfelf.

VI. The Times. Parkinfon fays it early gives
ripe Seed, whereas the other Indian Kinds feldom
do. It Flowers from the beginning of Tune, to
the end of Auguft or later, and oftentimes till the
Autumn is far fpent ; the Seed ripening in the
mean time-

VII. The Qualities. THo’ fome thought this
Plant to be cold, yet Lobe/ is of Opinion that it
is hot, becaufe of its biting tafte, and it is proba-
ble to be hot and dry in the fecond Degree : It is
Aperitive, Abfterfive, Aftringent, Vulnerary, Emetick,
Cathartick and Salivatick.

VIII. The Specification. It caufes an expeEtora-
tion of tough Flegm out of the Stomach and Lungs ;
itkills Worms in the Stomach and Belly, and eafes
Griping pains in the Bowels, provokes Urine,
cleanfes the Urinary paflages; is good againft Tu-
mors, Apoftems, Botches, Boils, Scabs, inveterate
Ulcers, Kings-Evil-Sores and the like.

IX. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, i. A Liquid Juice of the Herb. 2. ASyrup
of the fame. 3. The Seed. 4. An Ointment. 5. A
Ponder of the Leaves and Stalks. 6. The whole
Leaves. 7. A Cataplafm of the Leaves. 8. A
Dijliiled Water. 9. A Liquor. I o. A DeeoSion
of Leaves and Stalks. 11. The Afhes. 12. The
cut Leaves for Smoaking.

T be Virtues.

X. The Liquid Juice. Parkinfon fays that it is
effectual to cure the Dropfy, by taking 4 or 5
Ounces of the Juice falling, which will ftrongly
purge the Body both upwards and downwards.
1 have had no experience of it, but ’tisvery proba-
ble that it may cure the Dropfy, it given by a wife
Hand and in a'due Dofe. I Ihould be afraid to give
4 or ; OuncesMV'time, by reafon of its Violence ;
but it is a cdajftiued ufe of it, beginning with a
fmall quantity* and gradually increafing it, that
muff determine how much may be fafely given at a
time. Monarius fays it is an Alextpbarmicon a-
gainlt the Stinging or Biting of any Venomous
Creature, being immediately applyed to the hurt
j&lce.

'XI. The Syrup of the fame. It is found by good
Experience to expeUorare tough Flegm out of the
Stomach and Lungs, ft kills Worms in the Sto-
mach and Belly, eafes the Head-ach and Megrim,
as alfo the Cholick and Griping pains in the Bow-
els - tho' for fome time it may feem to caufe more
trouble in them, and difaffeU the Stomach. It is
profitable for thofe who have the Stone or Gravel in

the Heins or Bladder, to eafe their pains, expel
them, and provoke Urine.

Xil. The Seed, ft is faid to be more effefiual
to eafe the Toothach, then any Henbane Seed.

XIII. The Ointment. Take of the Green Herb
4 handfuls -, bruife it, and add to it Oil Olive a
Quart boil them on a gentle Lire till the Herb
grows crifp, and the Oil will bubble no longer -, ftrain
out the Oil by prejjing, and add to it BeesTVax,
Beef Suet, Kojin, of each a quarter oj a pound, Tur-
pentine two Ounces •, melt them together, and then
ft row in ponder of round Birthwort-roots an Ounce,
putting it in when the Majs is aimoft cold, and fo
[Ur them well together. Gerard makes it thus.
Take of the Green Leaves three Pounds and a half
well bruifed in a Mortar , Oil Olive a Quart, mix,
and boil gently to crfpnefs, and the bubhng to ceaje.
Strain hard out by prejjing, and add thereto of Wax,
8 Ounces, Kojin 4 Ounces , Turpentine 2 Ounces ;
melt and mix them well. together, and keep it for
ufe. If to this there be added three Ounces of jute
fubtil Ponder of Virginia Tobacco, it will he Jo
much the better. - ft diffolves fttumous Tumors,
and cures Ulcers and Sores of the Kings- Evil ; it
alfo cleanfes and heals all forts of old Sores and
running Ulcers in any part of the Body, being ap-
plyed ; as alfo fimple Burnings and Scaldings, cau-
fed by what means foevet ; and in healing fimple
green Wounds, Contufions, Gfc. it has no fecond.

XIV. The Pouder of the Leaves and Stalks.
Ufed as a Sternutatory, it opens the Head, and
cleanfes it of the Rectements of the Brain : Strewed
upon old Ulcers, it difpofes them to a fpeedy
healing : It alio kills Lice in the Head.

XV. The whole Leaves. Applyed to any Ulcer
cleanfes it, and difpofes it to heal ; applyed to re-
cent Contufions and Tumors, it difeuffes them ;
It eafes alfo the Headach and Megrim.

XVI. The Cataplafm of the Leaves. Applyed
to the Belly in a dry Belly-ach, it gives relief and
cure; and kills Worms in the Stomach and Belly.
Made by fimple bruifing and applyed, it much pre-
vails againft the Evil in 12 or 14 days time. Ap-
plyed to any green Wound, it induces a Ipeedy
healing.

XVII. The Difti/led Water. It is often given
dulcified with Sugar, before the Fit of an Ague,
both to leffen the Fits and to alter them, which in
; or 6 times ufing it is faid to cure. This Water
will tafte of the iharpnefs of the Herb, which is
not ufual in other Diftilled Waters : It alfo ex-
peUorates Flegm out of the Stomach and Lungs.

XVIII. The Liquor. It is made of the forces
not Diftilled to dtynefs, (the Herb being bruifed
before Diftillation) digefted in Hcrfe-Dung for 14
days, and then hung up in a Bag in a Wine-Cellar ;
from whence this Liquor will diftil or drop
down. It is good for Cramps, Aches, Gouts,
Sciatica, Itch, Scabs, foul Sores, running Ulcers,
Cankers, &c.

XIX. The lie coll ion of the Leaves It has all
the Virtues of the Juice and Syrup, but weaker.
It kills Lice, and cures running Sores in Childrens
Heads.

XX. The Afhes of Leaves and Stalks. They
cleanfe the Gums and Teeth, and make them white.
Their Infufion in Water is faid to cure the Itch,
Scabs, Leprofie, 0V.

XXL The Cut Leaves for Smoaking. It is held
to be nearly as good as our Common Virginia, com-
monly Smoaked in Pipes ; but becaufe of the plen-
ty of that, is feldom ufed.

CHAP-

CHAP. DCC.

Of TOOTH-WORT:

0 R,

TOOTH-RAPE.

t-T

known, being a Plant the Antients were ig-
norant of} our modern Authors have called it in
Latine Dent aria, (from the Ukenefs of its RoOts to
Teeth) alfo Dentillaria by fome Squamaria and
Squamatia , alfo Radix Squamata , (irom its likenefs
to Scales) in Englilh Tooth- Wort, Tooth- Rape, or
Toothed-Lungwort.

II. The Kinds, There are feveral forts of Tooth-
worts which are nothing of Kin, or have no relati-
on one to another, excepting in their Names} as
the Dent aria , commonly called Coralworts , of
which we have already fpoken at large, in Chap.
152. aforegoing, which are no Species of the
Plant we here intend. The Tooth-Worts in this
place are of another form and purport, and are
chiefly two, viz. I. Dentaria , Dent aria major
Matthioli , Anblatum Dodonai , Arachidum Cafal-
pini ■, TEglethros Plinij Gefnero 5 Squamaria -, Squa-
matia • Radix Squamata -, Orobanche radice Dent at a
major , The greater Tooth-Wort, Tooth-Rape, or
Toothed-Lungwort. 2. Dentaria minor, Dentilla-
ria, Dentaria VA ^vxk©-, Aphyllos Clufij , Dentaria
Coralloide radice , The lefler Tooth-Wort, Tooth-
Rape, or Toothed Lungwort.

T&* Descriptions.

III. The firlf, or the greater Tooth-Wort, Tooth-
Rape, or Toothed Lungwort. It hen for its Root
final l Scales, (if they may be fo called J like as the
Stalks or Branches have , which confift l ike wife,
wholly of blackifh purple , fhining thick Scales , lying

Tooth-Wort Greater.

pretty clofe together, compaff one upon another. In
the beginning of the Spring , there rife out of the
tops of thefe fcaly Branches , tender dnd brittle
faPPy Stalks, about a fpan in length , without any
Leaves , but bearing marry whitifh purple gaping
flowers , and blackifh inward, ft ending in husks,
in which afterwards grow up fmall Veffels , with
fmall Seed in them.

IV . Gerard deferibes it after this manner. There
is often found among the Mufh rooms, a certain
kind of Excrefcence confining of a Geliy, or foft
fubftancc like that of the Mufhroom. It rtfes forth
of the Ground, in Form like unto Orobanche cr
Broom-Rape, and alfo in fubftance, having a ten-
der, thick , tuberous , or mifhapen Body, confifting
as it were of Scales like unto Teeth, ( whence it took
its Name) of a dully fhining color, tending to Pur-
ple. The Stalk rtfes up in the middle, garnifhed
with little gaping hollow Flowers, like thofe of Sa-
tyrion } on their out fide of an overworn whitifh co-
lor. The whole Plant refembles a rude form of that
Geliy or flimy Matter found in the Fields, which
is called the Falling of Stars, or Ignis FatUus. Its
Root is fmall and tender.

V. The fecond, or lefler Tooth-Wort, Tooth-
Rape, or Toothed-Lungwort. Its Root is fmaller,
lefs fcaly, and more white andtranf parent, diver fly
divaricated like Coral, white of color, full of Juice,
and. without any Fibres annexed to it. The Stalk
U in like manner without Leaves, having whitifh
purple Flowers at the top, fome limes but two or
( three, and fometimes many more, but varying in
fome places, as being of a more purplifh color.
Gerard fays, that this differs not from the former,
faving that it is altogether lefs, but in mojl other
refpeUs alike.

VI. The Places. They grow moft commonly
under Trees where they have much ffiadow. Ger-
ard fays they grow at the bottoms of Elme Trees,
and fuch like, in fhadowy places. He found them
growing in a Lane called Eaft -Lane, going from
Maidftone in Kent, unto Cocks- Heath, half a Mile
from the Town, and in other places thereabouts}
as alfo in the Fields about Croydon, efpecially about
a place called Grouts •, and in a Wood in Kent
called Row, or Rough-Hill, near Crayfoot -, alfo near
Harwood in Lancafhire , in a Wood called Talbot -
Bank, a Mile from Whan ley.

VII. The Times. They fpring up and grow thro’
all the Summer Months, and Flower in May -and
June } and fometimes they are found in Flower in
July and Auguft.

VIII. A/ to their Vitalities, Specification, Prepa-
rations and Virtues, Authors have faid nothing}
but from the ufe our Country People make of them,
it is probable that they may be Cooling, Drying,
Aperitive, Abfterfive, Aftringent and Pulmonick’
or appropriated to the Lungs, for which reafon
they have called it Lungwort , which Authors have
diltinguiflied (as aforementioned) fnto the greater
or lefler kinds.

IX. The Decoffion in Wine or Water. Being
well fweetned with Honey, it is good to' open Ob-
ftru&ions of the Lungs, to loofen and expe&orate
thick tough Flegm which fluffs them up, and cau-
fes Hoarfenefs, Wheezing, fhortnefs of Breath,
and difficulty of Breathing -, and therefore may be
of good ufe in Afthma’s, Phthificks, and other like
Difeafes of thofe parts, proceeding from Repletion.

It

7 I

CHAP.

1162 Salmon j- Herbal. Lib. L

CHAP. DCCI.

0/ TORMENTIL

O R,

S E T F O I L.

I. 'T' H E Names. It has not been writ of by

A any of the Antient Greek or Lntinc Au-
thors, yet fome of our Moderns have given it a
Greek Name from its iorm, or number of Leaves,
viz. 'ErnlafvrMv, Utpuipbyllum, from whence it has
been called in Latine Septifolium , in Englilh Set-
foil, or Seven-Leav'd Grafs ; which is not proper-
ly fo, for it has not feven Leaves, but each Leaf
for the moll part is divided into feven parts, or ve-
ry eminent divifions, fo that each part looks as if
it were a particular Leaf. It is alfo called in La-
tine Tormentilla , and by fome Stelhria , Irom the
Form of the Leaves ; and by others Confoitia ru-
bra., from the eflefls and color of the Roots, and
in Englilh Tormentil.

11. The Kinds. There are feveral Species of it,
but we (hall only treat of two, which are moil
common with us, viz. 1. Tormentilla vulgaris ,
VentaphyHum commune Tormentilla minor, Our
Common Tormentil or Setfoil. 2. Tormentilla
major, Tcntaphyllum mojus, Tormentilla vulgaris
major, Tormentilla Alpine Camerarij, The greater
Tormentil or Setfoil.

The Dcfcription.r.

Ill The firll, or our Common Tormentil or
Setfoil. Its Root is fmaller than Biftort, but
blacker without, and fomewhat thick, and not fo

Tormentil Common.

red within, and fome times a little crooked , having
many blackifh Fibres adjoining. This Plant is jo
like to Cinkfoil, that many mi flake it for the
fame. It ha s many reddijh fender weak Branches
riflng up from. the Root , which lye upon the Ground ,
or rather leaning than flanding upright, with many
Jhort Leaves which fland clofer to the Stalks than
thofe of Cinkfoil do, with the Pediolus or toot
flalk encompa fling the Branches at divers places
but thofe which grow next to the Ground, are fet
upon long Footflalks , each of whofe Leaves are like
unto the Leaves of Cinkfoil, but fomething longer
and lejfer , and dented about the edges , many of
them divided into but Jive Leaves or parts, but
moft of them into feven, from whence it took its
l\ame of Setfoil. And flanding round ( ad it were )
in ’ the divifion like a Star, thereby obtain d the
Name alfo <?/Stellaria ^ yet fome Stalks have fix
Leaves fornctimes, and jomc eight, ad Nature and
the Fertility of the Soil are pleas'd to form them.
At the tops of the Branches , come forth feveral
fmall yellow Flowers , confifling each of five Leaves ,
exaflly like thofe of Cinkfoil but fmaller.

IV. The fecond, or greater Tormentil or Setfoil.
Its Root is black without , reddifh within, and thick ,
tuberous or knobby. As this (with the former)
may be accounted among the Species of Cinkfoil,
fo it brings forth many Stalks flender and weak

Tormentil Greater.

fcarcely able to lift it felj up, or Hand upright, but
rather leaning afide j the Leaves tho 5 fomething
lejfer than Cinkfoil, yet are fomething larger than
the former jometvvts they may chance to be but
five in number, but for the mofl part feven (m the
firft above defer ibed) a little fnipt about the edges'
and the flowers grow on the tops cf the Stalks , very
like to thofe cf Cinkfoil. This differs but very

little

Chap. 701. Englijh Herbs . 1165

little from the former , but only in the Magnitude
of the Leaves and Roots , which are much greater
and redder , tf/ri of a livelier Smell , but in all things
clfe alike.

V. Tfo "Places. The firft grows as well in
Woods and fhady places, as in open Champion
Grounds, and about the Borders of Fields in many
places of this Kingdom. The fecond grows in
loch like places, but delights chiefly in a richer,
and fometimesa more fandy Soil: They are both
Planted alfo in many Gardens.

VI. The Times. They Flower all the Summer
Months, as from May to the end of Augufi.

VII. The Qualities. It is very little hot, fcarce-
ly in the firft Degree, but dry in the third * Aftrin-
genr, Abfterfive, Vulnera%, Stomatick, Cardiack,
Sudorifick, and Alexipharmick, of very thin and
fubtil parts.

VIII. The Specification. It prevails againft the
Plague, and all manner of Malign and Peftilential
Difeafes, expels Poifon, and defends the Heart.
It cures Agues, the Bloody-Flux, and all other
Fluxes of the Bowels ; alfo Spitting, Vomiting
and Pilling of Blood, and (tops the overflowing of
the Terms in Women, and the Defluxion of Hu-
mors to any Wound, Sore or Ulcer. Opens Ob-
ftruttions of the Lungs, Liver and Spleen, and is
of excellent ufe in the Cure of the Jaundice, and
to heal Ample green Wounds in any part.

IX. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, I. A Liquid Juice of the whole Plant.
1. An Ejfence oj the fame. 3. A De coll ion of the
Root , or Root and Leaves. 4. A Pouder of the
Root. ,y. A Balfam. 6. A Cataplafm. 7. ADt-
fiilled J Pater. 8. A Spirituous TinUure.

The Virtues.

X. The Liquid Juice of the whole Slant. It
(lops all Fluxes of Blood or Humors in Man or
Woman, whether at Nofe, Mouth, Belly, or any
Wound in any part ; refills all Poifon, and the
Plague or Peftilence it felfi and all Peftilential
Difeafes, and fuch as are Infectious, as the Mat lies,
Small Pox, Purples, Spotted Fever, by expelling
thro’ a gentle Diapborejis , the malignity from the
Heart Dofe a or 4 Spoonfuls Morning and N ight,
in a Glals of Mull’d Sack, or other Styptick or
(it Wine.

XI. The Ejfence. It has all the former Virtues
with advantage, as being the more efficacious Me-
dicament. It cures Agues, being given fome Hours
before the coming of the Fit, and the Patient laid
down to Sweat thereupon, being repeated for fome
confiderable time. It is an effectual Antidote or
Counter-Poifon, Antipeftilential, and a Cure for
the yellow Jaundice. There is fcarcely any more
effectual Remedy againft the Bloody-Flux, or any
other Flux of the Belly 5 it ftrengthens the Sto-
mach, (lops Cholerick Vomitings, helps the dif-
craly of the Blood, and opens ObftruClions of
Stomach, Lungs, Liver and Spleen. It is good
againft Fumes, Vapors, and fower or bitter Belch-
ings, and loathing of the Stomach : It is profita-
ble againft the malignity of Venereal Difeafes, and
cures the Lues , becaufe it fo mightily refills Pu-
trefaction. It ftrengthens the Womb, flops all its
Fluxes, and prevents Mifcarriage. It is good a-
gainft Ruptures or Burftings, and to cure all forts
of fimple Wounds in what part loever, whether
inward or outward. Dropt into the Eyes, it cures
Sores and Ulcers there ; flops Fluxions of hot and
lharp Rheums, eafes the pain, and clears the Sight.

It makes a good Injection for foul, corrupt, and
rotten Sores and Ulcers in any part, chiefly in the
M outh, Throat, Jaws, and privy Parts ot Man or
Woman. And is of Angular ufe for the Cure of
the Jiings-Evil, being inwardly taken and outward-
ly applyed : Mixed with Vinegar, and applyed to

ores, Ulcers and Scabs in the Head, and other
parrs^ it quickly healsthem. It iseftbaualagainft
the Hemorrhoides or Piles, they being bathed and
u m5d therewith warm ; and is profitable againft
the Whites or Reds being inwardly taken, and out-
"m y LaPP1l’ed’ injeCling it up the Womb with
a Womb Syringe. Dofe ? or 4 Spoonfuls Morn-

Liquo 00n and 'n fome proper Wine or

XII. The Decoflion in Wine. It has all the Vir-

tues of the Juice and Ejfence , but not altogether
10 potent, and therefore mull be taken in greater
quantities, as to half a Pint at a time or more t
Mixt with Honey and Alum, it makes a good Lo-
tion to cleanfe, dry and heal, old filthy corrupt
running Sores and Ulcers in any part : And Andre-
us Velefiusjlys, that the DecoBwn of the Root is
no lefs effectual to Cure the French- Pox, than
buttjacum or China, becaufe it fo mightily ’refilts
Putrefadion. Ufed as a Bath, it is an effectual
remedy againft Abortion, in Women who are apt
to Mifcarry. r

XIII. The Louder of the Root. It is Styptick,
and has the \ irtues of the Juice and Ejfence, being
given in any proper Styptick Wine, or other like
Vehicle, from a Dram to a Dram and half, Morn-
ing and Evening for fome time. Strewed upon
moilt running Sores and Ulcers, it drys them, and
induces their healing ; and fo much the more, if
mixed with a quarter parr of Scammony in Pouder.
Lobe/ (ays, that Rondeletius ufed it in the (lead or
in the fame manner, as he ufed HermoiaBUs for
Jomt-achs. Taken in Juice of Plant one, it is Laid

^,orms, ’n Children, Cure Ruptures, and
dilcufs and heal Conrufions from Falls &c being
inwardly taken, and outwardly applyed.

; J!?e Ba/f m- Sake of the Pouder 4 Oun-
ces. Oil Olive ; Ounces, Balfam of Peru 2 Ounces
Bees Wax two Ounces and a half-, melt , mix and
make a Balfam. Applyed totheReins, iteafesthe
pain thereof, and helps fuch as cannot hold their

, v o1 eafDS,the ParL >s profitable

againft the Piles, and diOolves all Knots, Kernels
and Tumors in the Neck, Vc. from the Kings-
Evil, and heals the Sores and Ulcers proceedbg
from the fame. 6

r r J-he CfftaPlafm °f the Roots and Leaves.

It dilculies Ample recent ContuAons, gives eale in
the Gout reprtffes the Flux of Humors to any
part j and is proAtable to diflolve or dilcufs Tu-
.mors Swellings or Kernels in the Neck, cauled
by the Kings - Evil, or fuper-abundance of Evil
Humors.

XVI. The Dijii/lcc! Water. Take the Herb and
Root, bruife them well. , fieep them in Wine for 24
Hours or more, and then draw off the Water in
Balneo. It has the Virtues of the Juice and Effence
but much weaker in its Effect, and mav be given
dulcified with fine Sugar, from a quarter to lialfa
Pint. If it IS given with 2 Drams of Venice-
Treacle or Mithridare diflolved in ir and the
Patient (being in a Naked Bed) put to Sweat
thereupon, it will potently provoke Sweat, and
lb expel the Poifon, and defend the Heart and
Vitals from the Malignity and Infection of the
Plague or Peftilence, and from the danger of any
Peftilential or InfeUious Difeafe. It is good to
give eafe in the Piles or Hemorrhoids, by bathing
them therewith; and if a little Camphir be diffol-
7 I 2 ved

ii 6^ Salmon/ ‘Herbal Lib. 1.

ved in it, and Lapis Tulin, or Calimnans in fine
Ponder, be mixed therewith, it becomes a good
Ophthalmick-Wafli for Bleared, Sore, and running
Eyes. Bur if the Dijhlleil Water be mixed with
Levigated Louder of Amber , or Catechu , and fo
drank, ir Hops the overflowing of the Terms, and
Whites in Women.

XVII. The Spirituous Tincture. It has the Vir-
tues of the Juice , Effe/tce and Ponder, is more
Cordial, adds Life or Aftivity to the Spirits;
warms and comforts the Stomach, Bowels, Womb
and Blood; (Lengthens the Vifccru, refills Poifon,
and the InfeElion and Malignity of Peftilential Dif-
eafes; fortifies the Heart, and is good againltCon-
vulfions, fainting and fwooningFiis, Vapors, fits
of the Mother, OV. Dofe from yo to too Drops,
in a Glafs of Mull’d Sack, or lome other gene-
rous Wine.

CHAP. DCCII.

O/TOUCH-WOOD:

o R,

TREE-MUSH ROOM E.

I. '-jp H E Names. It is called in Greek ’A'j ?/.

j. emu ( ab iryutf I, Populus nigra ,) because |n
AJu, Greece , and tiiofe Southern Countries, it
was gathered molt from the Tree, or the Wood
thereof; tho’ it was alfo found on Oak-Trees , the
Ilex , Olive, and other Trees. It is alfo called
MvjtnW, vel [cvxn7vJ'nti fungojus ; becaufe of its
fungous iubftance or property : In Latine fungus
lgniurim ; fungi Arborum ; fungi Arborei ; in
Englilh Touch-Wood, or Tree-Mujhroonte.

II. The Kinds. It is I. fungus arborum durus,
fungus arboretu durior, fungus igniarius durior,
The harder Touch - Wood. 2. f ungus igniarius
ntolljor, fungus arborum mollior. The fofter, or
more Spongy Touch-Wood.

Touch- Wood :

O R ,

Tree - Muihroome.

The Defcripticns.

III. The firft, or harder Touchwood. Ir is a
kind, of Muihroome, which grows harder than
other Mulhrooms, and is of a dry fungous fub-
ftance on the infide , which way be cut thin into
fliccs , or into bits , or broken into fever al pieces,
having a hard or woody Cruft on the out fide. It is
of differing Forms and Colors , fome being great and
flat at the Head , and fmaller and rounder under-
neath, of a brownijh yellow color , which Lobel com-
pares to Agrick.

IV. The fecond, oijfofter, or more Spongy
Touch-wood. It very much refembles Auricula
Judse, or Jews Ear, and iocs in continuance of
time , grow almofi to the Subftance of fnft Woof
but more porous , fofter , and gentler than the for-
mer■, and more skinny j being for the moft part half
circuled , or half round , whofe upper part is fome-
what plain , and fometimes a little hollow , but the
lower part is as it were , plaited or purft together.
In Jhort , it does not much differ from the former ,
but in its more Joft , fpongy and ply able prop ty.

V. The Places. They grow upon the old bodies
of Trees, and other old Wood •, as on the Oaf
Ilex , Olive, Poplar , and many other kinds of Trees
when they grow Aged, Difeafed, or begin to
decay.

VI. The Times. They may be gathered at any
time after they are come to their Magnitude, and
hardnefsor conliltency.

VII. The Qualities. They are Deleterious or
Poifonous as Authors fay, and therefore never gi-
veu inwardly.

VIII. And as to their Specification and Virtues ,
we have nothing to declare ; as not knowing
aDy thing of them either by our own Experience,
or by relation from others.

IX. The Preparations. Of them there is made,
1. Tents to enlarge narrow Orifices in Apoftems
when broken , or opened by Incifion. 2. Touch-
wood, which is ufed in place of Tinder.

X+The making of Tents. The outward Skin
being taken oft', the Fungus is to be boiled in a
Lixivium of Wood Afhes, then taken forth and
preifed very dry ^ after which, it is to be well
leaked in a ftrong Mucilage of Gum Tragacanth ,
or Gum Arabick fealding hot, for 12 Hours or
more ; then the Gum to be fqueezed out, and to
be preifed hard together in a wooden Prefs, letting
it lye therein till it is dry, and fo it is to be laid
up and kept for ufe. This you may fhape into
Tents of what Form and Magnitude you pleafe,
which are ufed to widen the hole of a Tumor,
Apoftem, or Ulcer after it is broken, or to keep it
wide and open after Incifion, the better to let out
the putrid or corrupt matter : And this it does by
reafon of its fwelling, being moiftned with the
Sanies or Humidities of the Sore to which it is ap-
plyed .

XI. The making of Touch-wood. It is done two
ways, The fir ft way is, after the outward Skin is
pared off, to boil it exceeding well once or twice,
in a pretry ftrong Lixivium of Pot-Afhes, or Wood
or Nettle - Allies, letting them dry at leifure-,
which being cut or broken into pieces, will take
Fire from the Steel and Flint like Tinder.

XII. The fecond way. Take Pot - Allies or
Wood - Alhes eight or nine Pounds, make there-
of a ftrong Lixivium or Lye in Water, in which
diflolve a Pound of pure Salt Petre ~, in this
Liquor boil the prepared Fungus , till all, or moft

of

Chap. 703. Englijh Herbs. 1165

of the Lye be wafted ; which if you pleafe, you
may repeat a fecond time ; then dry it, and keep
it for ufe. This is much better than the former.

TOUCH-ME-NOT, fee Crefs-Garden, Chap. 163.

fee Cucumber Wild, Chap. 179.
fee Mercury Wild, Chap. 488.
TROY- WORT, fee Shepherds - Purfe, Cbap. 631.

CHAP. DCCIII.

Of TRAVELLERS-JOY:

O R,

WILD CLIMER.

1. Names. It is called by Tbeophraftus
1. lib . $. cap. 10. in Greek, ’At^ yim, x)

ttO&ylm : in Latine, Clematis Sylvejlris , Lf Viorna
Gerardi & Lobelif ( juafi vias or nans : ) Viburnum
Gallorum Ruellij -, Vi fits nigra Vufcbij -, Vitalba
Do don si Artogene Theophrajh Anguillara &

Clujio •, Vitis Sylvejlris Plinij lib. i5. cap. 4.
Vitis Sylvejlris cauftica Gefneri in Hortis •, Vitis
Sylvejlris Diofcoridis Anguillara, -, in Englifh,
Travellers-Jey , or Wild Clhner.

II. Tl)e Kinds. There are but two which are
chiefly known to us, viz. 1. Clematis Sylvejlris
Lobc/ij Clematis Sylvejlris latifolia , five Viorna
Gerardi ■, Clematis altera prima Cordi , Clematis
tertia Matthioli -, (known alfo by all the Names in
the former Paragraph : ) Our common great Wild
Climer, or Travellers Joy, as Gerard calls it.

2. Clematis Sylvejlris altera * Clematis Sylvejlris
Battica •, Clematis altera Beet tea Clujjj ^ Clematis
peregrina jolijs Pyri ineijis Baubini -, The great
Spanifh Wild Climer, or Travellers Joy.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firft, or our common great Wild Cli-

mer, or Travellers Joy. Its Root is great , tough,
zvoody and thick , [pl eading it /elf out into feveral
long Branches under Ground. It has in Jome pla-
ces , (efpecially if has flood long in a place) a thick ,
Jlrong , ragged , woody Stem , Stalk or Trunk , with
feveral Chaps or Rijts in the Bark , of a grayijh co-
lor ; from whence Jhoot forth many long , pliant ,
grayijh , green Branches , Jlrong and woody

than any of the other dimers, ( cut the Periwinkle,
Virgins - Bower, Ladys- Bower, Virginian- Bow-
er, Cfc.) fo that their Branches do in many places ,
ferve as Withes , to bind about , or bind up any
thing withal , or to bind about Garden or Field Gates.
Thefe Branches fpread upon the Hedges or Trees ,
or whatfoever it flands next unto , dividing or
fpreading it felf out into many other Twigs , on
which are fet at the feveral Joints , two long
Stalks of winged Leaves , con ft fling of jive Leaves ,
two and two together , and one at the end , each of
them being dented on their Jides -, on each fide for
the mo ft part with but two Notches , yet fome times,
tho ’ more rarely, with three : They are of a pale
green color, tafling fharp and hot , biting upon the
Tongue , but not fo much as the Burning Climer,

or Virgins-Bower. Thefe Branches zaind them/ elves
about any thing Jl an ding near unto them , for a great
way, length or height , rifing up to the top of the
ta/lejl Cyprels-Tm? if Planted near it, on which it
may clime ^ (and fome of thofe Trees I have feen
above 150 Feet high /^America.) Gerard fays, that
thefe Twigs or Branches are full of clafping Ten -

Travellers Joy :

O R,

Wild Climer.

drels, by which it takes held of Hedges , and climbs
up every thing that J lands near to it • but Parkin-
fon fays, it has no clafping Tendrels like the Vine,
to take hold of, or wind, it felf thereby, fo far as
ever he could obferve. At the Joints where the
Leaves ft and, come forth towards the tops of the
Branches, divers Bunches or Tufts of white Flow-
ers, fet together upon fmall long Footjlalks, with
feveral yellow Threads in the middle, fuelling very
fweet : And after they are paft, there come in their
places feveral Heads of many long, hoary. Silver-
like Plumes, as if they were Feathers fet together,
with a brownifh flat Seed at bottom of each of them ,
which continue a great zohile, even till Winter be-
fore they fall off, or are blown away with the Wind:
Thefe fays Gerard, make in the Winter a goodly
Show, covering the Hedges all over with its Feather-
like tops. The Leaves fall away in Winter, and
grow again a frefh in the Spring.

IV. The fecond, or great Spanifh Wild Climer,
or Travellers Joy. This other Climer has fuch like
running or climbing Branches , very full of Joints,
admirably long, and fpreading much farther. At
the Joints round about it, grow feveral hard and
fome what broad Leaves, each by it felf upon a fmall

Foot ft a Ik,

1 1

66

Salmon / Herbal . Lib. 1.

L ootftalk , not much unlike to thofe oj the Pear-Tree,
indented about the edges, but differ and fmaller,
which are of nt Jharp and hot a Tali? as the former
from whence come alfo two clafping Ten dr els on
each fide, by which it catches hold of any thing
which ( lands in its way, or near to it. hrom the
Joints likewife, where the Leaves (land, come forth
the blowers with long Tufts or Heads , in the fame
or like manner as the former , with the like Tufted
Plumes of Leathers of a hoary white color , with
Seed like the other below them, but fmaller.

V. The Places. The firll grows in many parts
of England , in Hedges of Fields, and by the High-
way lide in Bedfordfhire , Buckinghamfhire , and
Effcx, but chieliy in Kent where from beyond
Woolwich to Grave fend, and from thence along to
Canter bitty, you may fee it in many places * as
alfo in molt of the Southern parts about London.
The fecond is a Native of Spam, found by Cl u ft its,
between Medina Sidonia and Cdlpe , and in other
parts thereof: It is alfo laid to be a Native of
our own Land, for Gerard fays, that he had found
it in the Ifle of Wight, and in a Wood by Waltham ■
Ably.

\ I. The Times,. They both Flower in July 5
and their Plumes’appear in November and Decem-
ber, and in fome places all the Winter.

VI I. As to their Vitalities, Specification , Prepa-
rations and Virtues , Authors have faid nothing at
all ^ and therefore are not at all ufed in Phylick
that I know of, tho’ they are both very hot and
Hiarp in Talfe. T' hey are elteemed for the Plea-
lure which they give by their goodly Shade, which
is caufed by their bufhing out and climbing •, as
alfo for the Beauty of their Flowers and Plumes,
accompanied with a fweet and fragant Smell.

VIII. Not a. Thefe (as well as the other Cli-
mers) may ferve very well to make Arbors in Gar-
dens, Orchards, or other places for Pleaiure * for
which purpofe they are much more fit, than for
many other things which are ufed on that account.

TREFOIL Spiked, jec Hares-Foot, Chap. 337.

CHAP. DCCIV.

^TREFOIL Sweet:

0

Garden C L A V E R.

I 'T' HE Names. Trefoil is called in Greek,
A TeiVAAw: in Lati neTr folium, (becaufeof
its having three Leaves upon one Footftalk) and in
Engltlh, Three- Leav'J Grefs, Clover, Clover, and
1 ref oil.

II. The Kinds. There are a great many Species
ot this Name, but we fhall only take notice of
thole which are to be found with us, which are
T- Tri folium Odor a! urn. Sweet or Garden Trefoil’
of whtch in this Chapter. 2. Trifolium pratenfe.
Meadow Trefoil, of which in Chap. 70;. 3 Tri
folium Siltyuofum, Codded Trefoil, of which in
Chap. 706. 4. Tri folium Taluiofum, Marifi Tre-
fo.l, of whtch in Chap. 707. Trifolium vel
Lotus S.tquofus, Peale Trefoil, of which in Chat,.
70S. following. 6. Trifolium fragijerum & St el-
latum. Strawberry and Scarry Trefoil, of which in
Chap. 709. 7- f rifolium Arboreum, Cytifus, Tree
Trefoil, of which m Chap. 7,0. 8. Tnfolium
Ace, of urn. Sower Trefoil, or Wood-Sorrel, which
Ice in l nap. 641. atoregoing.

ill. The Garden Kinds. There are bur three
forts of this Sweet Trefoil, which grow with us
in our Gardens, viz. t. AsoC lias. re-, Diofeoridis :
Tri folium Odor at urn, Lotus Vrbana Locum ; Lo-
tus Saliva Camerarij , Cordi , Dodonti, Vuchftj,
Gefneri Tnfolium Diofeoridis Trago-, Trifolium
Odoratum alterum Dodonri, (becaufehe called Me-
lilot Trifolium Odoratum -,J Lotus HorlorumOdora
Lobelij - Lotus Hortenjis Odora Bauhini : (but Tu-
berntmontanus calls it Melilotus vera, which it is
not.) Now molt call it Trifoliim Odoratum, which
is our Sweet or Garden Trefoil, or Claver. i. Tn-
fohun Afphaltites, vel Afphalltum , Trifoliim Bi-
tumirtofum ; Oxylriphy/lum Gefneri in Jiorlis, The

ftrongerfeented Garden Trefoil or Claver. 3. Tri-
folium Americanum, American Trefoil.

The Descriptions.

IV. The fir ft, or our fweet Garden Trefoil, or
Claver. Its Root is fmall, white and thready , pe-
rt firing every Tear, and riftng again every tear by
the Seed that it Sows it Jelf, or being Sown in the

Trefoil Sw^et :

0 R,

Garden Claver.

Spring. It riffes up with one frong, round , whitij
Stalk, 3 or 4 beet high, fpreading out many Branch t
on all ftdes, about which are Jet many Leaves ui
on long boot folks, three always Jet together, of
whitifh green color , very feft, and a little dentc
about the edges, fine l ling not much unlike to F^ni
gretk. At the tops of the Branches grow blower
dof ely Jet together, each of them like to thofe ,
Melilor, but larger, and cf a bleak or pale watch,
blew color * after which, come round white head
containing dark yellow colored Seed.

V. Gera

Chap. 7 o 4. 'EngUjb Herbs. wfrj

V. Gerard delcribes it after this manner, {thru
a Root con fifltng of divers Strings or Fibres , from
which fprings up an upright Stalk, hollow and a-
bout 3 Feet high , dividing it felf into divers Branch-
es, on which ’ do grow Leaves by three and three ,
f '//& to the other Trefoils) flight ly and fuperfici-
oufly nicked on the edges-, from the bottom whereof
come the Flowers, every one flanding on its own
fingle Foot /talk, con filling of little Chaffy Husks ,
of a light or pale blcwifh color : After which, comes
up little Heads or Knobs, in which lyes the Seed,
of a whit if) b yellow color, and leffer than that of
Fenugreek. The whole Plant is not only of a whi-
tijlj green color, but alfo of a fweet Smell, Jlrong,
Aromatical or Spicy, and yet more fweet when it
is dryed ■, which Scent the gathered and dryed Plant,
does continue in a long time. Alfo whi/Jt growing,
it fmells more in moift and rainy Weather , than
in hot and dry Weather.

VI. The lecond, or Wronger fmelling Garden
Trefoil, or Claver. It has a Fibrous Root, which
with us perifhes every Tear, but abides all Winter
in hotter Climates, where it is Natural. Its firjl
Leaves are a little larger than thofe which grow
higher upon the Stalks, three always J landing toge-
ther upon a long Footjlalk, of a dark green color,
a l mo ft fhining, fet with fame hairinefs thereon.
The Stalk is Jlrong, round, and hairy alfo, rifing
up to the height of two Feet or more, on which
grow the Leaves , more long and pointed than the
'lower. It branches from the bottom ujually, to the
top, where grow many large Flowers in a Bufh or
'Tuft, thick fet together, of a blcwifh purple color,
and fomewhat hairy or hoary withal , efpe dally the
Husks containing the Flowers, which afterwards
turn into broad brownifh hairy Cods, each contain-
ing but one Seed, which is a little broad, rough and
pointed at one end.* The Smell of the Leaves and
whole Plant is Jlrong, which whilft it is young, fome
fancy to fmcll like Rue but growing old, the /aid
Smell grows ftronger , which they fancy then fmells
fomething like Bitumen. With us this Jlrong Smell
grows weaker every Tear than other, and af-
ter the fccond Tears Sowing, has almofi no Smell
at all -, tho> in its Native Countries , it always re-
tains its Original Smell.

VII. The third, or American Trefoil. Its
Root is fmall and branched out, being Fibrous or
Jlnngy, and fo fpreading two fever always. From
whence fprings fever al round Stalks leaning to the
Ground , and fpreading then/f elves out into many
Branches , on which grow Jeveral Leaves, three
Leaves upon one long Footjlalk, each of which is
fomewhat round, not much unlike the la ft Defer i bed ■,
faving that they are larger or broader, and of a
dark green color. 'Die Form of the Leaves , and
the manner and growing of this Plant, differs not
much from our Common Meadow Trefoil, fo
much they are alike. The Smell of the Leaves, and
whole Plant is lirong, and not much unlike the lafl
Dejcribcd. At the lops of the Stalks and Branches ,
grow long fpiky Ears of whitifh Flowers, being
fomething fmaller than thofe of the fecond Kind,
before Defer ibed, after which, come in their places
fmall round and flattifh Seed.

VIII. The Places. The firft and fecond grows
in France, Germany, Italy and England, but only
in Gardens. And Diofcorides fays, that the firlt
grew in Gardens in his time, and not Wild in
Greece, or any other place that ever he heard of.
The third grows in the more Northern parts of
America, as Canada , New-England, Virginia, Sec.
for which reafon I put it in this place, for that pof-
fibly fome of our Englifh Planters may at fome
time or other, find it in fome of their Plantations.

a toe 1 imes.

mey r lower in June and
July, and their Seed is ripe in fome little time
after * but the other two Flowering later with us
leldom perfeQ- their Seed here.

X. The Vitalities. The firlt (which is chiefly
uled; is according to Galen, temperate in refp^dt
to heat or cold, drynefs or moilture. They are
Aperitive, Anodyn, Diuretick, Vulnerary • Hyfte-
nck, and Alexipharmick.

XL The Specification. It cures Difeafes of the
Lyes, di Icufles Tumors and Contufions, heals
Wounds and Ulcers, eafes the Gout and other
Pa'ns 5aProvo^es.the Terms, as alfo the Locbes
when ltopr, and is prevalent againlt thebitings of
Vipersand other Serpents, as alfo gives eafe in the
strangury, and other ftoppages of Urine.

XII. The Preparations. You may make there-
n0n\r *' ^ liquid Juice and E fence. 2. A
L c coawn in I Vine or Water. 3 .'An Oxymel.
4- A Pouder of the Seed. An Oil by In fa
latwn or DecoUion. 6. A Balfam. 7. A Dijlil/ed

The Virtues.

XIII. The Liquid Juice or EJfence. They may
be given to 4 or 6 Spoonfuls alone, or in Wine, or
other fit Vehicle j it eales the pains of the Spleen
and Hypochonders, opens ObftruUions of the Vif-.
ccra provokes Urine and the Terms, as alfo the
Locoes when Itopt; gives eafe in the Strangury,
or heat and fealding of Urine, and is good againlt
the bitings of Vipersand Serpents, or of other Ve-
nomous Creatures. Any fimple Wound, Sore or
Ulcer, being wafhed herewith, it cleanfes, drys,
and induces the healing ; difeuffes Tumors and re-
cent Contufions, and gives eafe to external pains :
tsoth Diofcorides and Galen, commend this Plant
in particular, againft the bitings or Hinging of any
oerpent, or other Venomous Creature. The Juice
is alfo good to walh the breakings out with Scurf
or Scabs of Childrens Heads, or any other part-
and to wafh places bitten or Hung, &c. as Pliny
kb. 21. cap. 21. advifes.

XIV. The Dec off ion in Wine or Water. It has
all the former Virtues, but becaufe weaker, may
be given Morning, Noon and Night, to half a
nnt or more ^ outwardly alfo, applying it by Bath-
ing or fomentation, to the parts affetted.

XV. The Oxymel. It is made of a Deco fl ion of
the Herb, Flowers and Seed in Vinegar, and then
compjeated with Honey. This being drink, is a
lpecial remedy for fuch as are bitten or ftungwith
any Venomous Creature.

XVI. The Pouder of the Seed. This is of mod
force with Galen , who appoints it to be put into
Treacle or Mithriiate, againlt all Dtleales for
which the Herb is good. It is indeed lingular
good againft the Pleurifie, hear, fealding, and Itop-
page of Urine, and the Strangury : It is profitable
againft the Epilepfy, Vapors, and Hylterick Fits.
Dofe two Drams or more, in fome fit Vehicle.

XVII. The Oil by Infolation or DecoQ'wn of the
Leaves, Heads and Flowers. It is excellent to dif-
cufs all hard Swellings, or Wen-like Tumors in
any part of the Body ; to allay Inflamations, digeft
Sores and Ulcers, bringing them to maturity; then
cleanfing them from their putrid Matter, and heal-
ing them in fuch a manner as is to be admired : It
heals alfo green Wounds, as weft as old Ulcers ;
helps Contufions, and eafes pains of the Gout -, as
alfo Pains and Aches in any part, Stitches, Cramps
Lamenels of the Joints, 0V.

XVIII. T be

1 1 68 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. L

XVIII. The Baljam. It is made of the former
Oil by adding to it a proportional quantity of. Cbio
Turpentine and Bees Wax, It has all the Virtues
of the Oil aforefaid to advantage, and is a more
excellent Vulneraiv and Axthritick, being applyed.

XIX. The Dijiilled Water. It is good to clear
the Skin, and dry up Scabs and running Sores in
C hildrens Heads. If it is mixed with ? or 4 times
the quantity of the Juice or EJfence, and taken to
4 Ounces at a time or more, it is good againlt the
Droply ; and taken and continued for fome time,
it tellers and at length cures the Fits of Tertian and
Quartan Agues. It alfo flops all forts of Fluxes
of Blood, as Vomiting, Spitting and Pifling of
Blood ; and is good again!! inward Bruifes, caufed

b) XX.S’a :ota. The firft is moft ufed becaufe moil:
common -, but the l'econd is the moft effeQual of
them all. It is ufed alfo to be laid up in Chelts
and PrefTes, to keep Moths from Garments.

CHAP. DCCV.

OfTREFOlL Meadow :

O R,

Field Claver : Or , CloverGrafs.

Called aljo ,

Meadow Honey- Suckles.

j. rr 'Hp Karnes. It is called in Greek TifrwMr

1 ihumm : in Latine, Trifolium Tratenfe ,
by all Authors, as being the moft common belong-
ing to it, becaufe ofits three Leaves always grow-
ing together upon one Footlfaik •, and in Englilh,
Trefoil, Three-hem’ i Grafs , Meadow-Trefoil,
Meadow - Claver, or Clover - Grefs, and honey-
suckles i becaufe Bees gather much Honey from
their Flowers.

II. The Kinds. They are very many, but we
fhall here have refpeft chiefly to fuch as grow with
us in our Meadows, which are, r. Trijolium fra-
tenfe vulgare purpureum. Our Common Purple
Meadow - Trefoil, or Meadow - Honey Suckles.
*2. Trifolium Pratcnfe vulgare album. Our com-
mon white Meadow-Trefoil. 3. Trifolium pur-
purcum magnum. Great Purple Trefoil. 4. Tn-
folium album magnum. Great white Trefoil. 5. dri-
folium purpureum minus , Small Purple Trefoil.

6. Trifolium album minus , Small white Trefoil.

7. Tr folium Cordatum, Heart-Trefoil. 8. Trifo-
lium parvum, Lagopus vulgaris, Lagopt/s minor ;
Common Meadow Hares-Foot Tretoil, or fmall
Haics- Foot Trefoil. 9. Trijolium parvum luteum.
Small Yellow Trefoil 10. Trifolium luteum min-
imum, The Smalleft Yellow Trefoil.

'the Descriptions.

III. The firft, or our Common Purple Meadow
Trefoil, or Meadow Honey-Suckles. It has e long
/lender and fibrous or Jlringy Root, which fpreads
much, and Mures long. It has many Leaves ri-

fing from the f. aid Root, three fet together upon a
pretty long Footflalk , and each oj them a /moft rounds
among which rifles up fmall Stalks oj flowers , not
much higher than /he heaves , bearing many deep
Purplijb Crimfon Flowers together in a Tuft , rifling
l mailer up to the top , which turn into little Cods

Trefoil Purple Meadow,

Common.

i oi/b fmall Seed in them : Sometimes this is found
with half round Spots of white in the Leaves.

IV. Gerard Defcribes it thus. Its Root is long. ,
woody , and grows deep. It brings forth Stalks a
Cubit long , round, and fometbing hairy , the great-
er part of which creeps upon the Ground ■, on which
grow Leaves conf fling of three joined together ,
one j landing a little from another \ of which
thofe which are next the Ground and the Roots ,
are rounder •, but thofe growing on the tipper part
of the Stalks , having for the moft part in their
middle , a white Spot like a Half - Moon. The
Flowers grow at the tops of the Stalks in a Tuft ,
or in a fmall Fox-Tail Ear , of a purple Color ,
and fwcet Tafle ; after which comes the Grain
or Seed , round and blackijh , in little Husks.

V. The fecond, or our common white Meadow
Trefoil. This differs little , or almofl nothing
from the former , faving in the colour of the
Flowers \ for as thofe are of a bright Purple ,
contrariwife , thefe are very white. The Leaves
and Flowers , and indeed the whole Plant , being
fometbing lefs than that ^ yet this is fometimes
found with longer Leaves , tbo* the Heads them -
f elves are lejs. There is alfo another fort ,
whofe Leaves are all longer than the firfi , and
pretty Jharp pointed withal , whofe Flowers are
of a very pale Red or Purple ; of which kind ,
the Leaves are fometimes f potted with black

Spots ;

Chap. 705. 'Englijh Herhs. 1169

Trefoil white Meadow, Common .

Spits ■, and it is fometimes found with a Tuft of
green Leaves, on the Sta/ks , which is thought to
be .only accidental , and rather Lufus Nature,
/ 'vw Jpccial Kind.

Trefoil Purple Great.

VI. The third, or Great Purple Trefoil. Its Root is
woody, long, /lender and fibrous. It fcldom grows
much above a Foot, or Foot and half high , h aving fe-
ver al Leaves thereon , which are large and long ,
three always fet together on long Foot /? alks, and
pretty Jharp pointed : At the tops grow large and
fame what long Heads , of p leafing Purple Flowers ,
like thofe of the Jirji Meadow Trefoil, but greater.
!t is a Jo pound fometimes with longer and narrower
Leaves , and a more f piked Head of Flowers.

VII. The fourth, or Great White Trefoil. Its
Root is long, and about the thicknefs of ones lit-
tle Finger, being fibrous withal, brownifh on
the outfide, and whitifh within. The Stalk is
not fo great, nor fo high as the third: The
Leaves are f mailer and hoary, and fomething

Trefoil White Great,
Common.

long withal, groining many below, but fewer and
f mailer above on the Stalk ; at the top whereof
grow one or two Jhort Branches , each with a
Head of fmall while Flowers , fomewhat fwcet,
whereas the former are of an Elegant red
color.

VIII. The fifth, or Small Purple Trefoil.
It has a Root which is long , fibrous, and
flringy. Its Sta/ks are about a Fool in length :
Its Leaves are like to the firji Common Tre-
foil, Javing that they are lejjer , and of a'prowtt-
ifh or dirty red color , always growing in threes
together, whnfe Leaves, and alfo its Flowers,

1170 Salmon .r Herbal , Lib. I.

Trefoil Purple Meadow, Small.

arc in form fiape like the Common Meadow
Trefoil, but of a Purple color.

IX. The lixth, or fmall white Trefoil. - Its
Root is JmaU and thready and rifes up with
many Stalks , fpread out into feveral Branches

Trefoil White Meadow, Small.

and Leaves , bearing fmall Spikes or Heads of
Flowers at their tops , cf a white color : Oj the
Leaves , thofe below are rounder , or ahnoft quite
round -, thofe above are longer and narrower , but
all of them J mailer than the firft or fccond common
Kinds. They grow pretty clofe together , and are
many , the Plant being full oj Branches , three for
the mojl part growing together , and fimetimes jour
or more , as Nature is pleafed to produce them.

X. The feventh, or Heart-Trefoil. Its Root is
fmall. , fender , fibrous or thready , and Annual ■,
icfr/W; Jends forth very fender and weak Stalks ,
fpread out into many branches , and full cf Joints ,
repleat with round pointed green ijh Trefoil Leaves,
upon long Footfalks broad at their

ends , and. dented in, in the middle of the end, ma-
king the Leaf to be in jorm of a Heart, as it ujually

Trefoil Heart.

/rotor ro'rf) aM in ear Meadows, each Leaf having a
kind of reidijh , or fome other like colored Spot m
its middle. The flowers grow at the end of a Stalk
coming from the Joints, which are fmall and yel-
lowifh , and after turn into prickly turning Heads
not much unlike to fmall Medica’s, or Clover-'
Grafs.

XI. The eighth, or common fmall Haresfoot-
Trefbil. !ts Root is fender and very fibrous a
fmall but well known Plant , growing greater and
higher in fome places than it does in others , with
whitijh Woolly fmall Trefoil Leaves, on Jhort foot-
Jialks. It Jpreads it Jelf out into many Branches
which have Heads at their tops, fmall and fotne-
uihat long with the roundnefs , compcfcd as it were
all of a hairy hoary downi/wfs, ahqfe f lowers are
in fome 0) a white , in others of a b/ufii color. J r
is an Annual Plant as the Hareloots are, perifhing
every Lear, whereas the other Trefoils do not fo. &

XII. Gerard deferibes this Trefoil thus. Its
Root is fmall and bard ; it has a rough round and

hairy

Chap. 705. "Englijh Herbs. 1171

Trefoil Hares-Foot, Small
Common.

hairy Stalk, /[reading it /elf out into /evertil Branch-
es, on which grow Jmall Leaves , three joined toge-
ther, like thofe of the /mall Trefoils. T he Flowers
grow at the very Points of the Stalks andBranches,
con Fiji tng of a rough Knap, or Bu/h of Hairs, or
Down, tike that of Alopecuros or Fox-tail, of a
whitijh color tending to a light Blu/h , with little
white Flowers among the Down inc/s.

XIII. The ninth, or Small yellow Trefoil. It
has a /mall /lender and fibrous Root , from whence
rife up fmooth , J lender weak Stalks, about a Cubit
high. Jet with few Leaves on them, which are / 'mall
and round pointed, and fometimes denled-in in the
middle of the end , almojl in form of an Heart , (not
much unlike to the Common Meadow Trefoil,)
each J landing feverally on their own Jhort F'oor-
Jlalks. The Flowers come forth at the tops of their
Stalks and Branches, made as it were of browni/h
yellow Scales, laid one upon another, well ref cm-
bling an Hop , of which it took one of its Names,
viz. Lupulus Sylvaticus. Johnfon in Gerard /ays]
that the Heads are pretty large and yellow, which
afterwards become of a browni/h color , and fome-
what re/emble an Hop, whence Thalius called it
Lupulus Sylvaticus, or Trifolium Luteum alterum
Lupulinum ; but Dodonarus, Trifollum agrarium.
Field Trefoil. The Flowers being pall away, are
followed by many little crooked cluftering Seeds.

XIV. The tenth, or fmallell yellow Trefoil. Its
Root is /mall and thready, which /ends forth a
few weak Jlender Stalks, (but little bigger than
/mall Rufhes) lying on the Ground, on which grow
/mall Trefoil Leaves, fometimes more than three
on a /mall Footftalk, and fometimes a very little
dented about the edges. The Flowers are /mall

Trefoil Yellow, Small.

and yelloni/h fet clo/e and round together , after
which follow /mall, b/acki/h, fiat, and crooked Seeds
in Husks, almojl like a Medica, or Claver. h has
two little Leaves cloje at the bottom of the three-
Leav d Footjialk ; as its Leaves are much j. mailer
than the former, fo the yellow Heads are alfo
much IcJJer. J

XV. The Places. Thefe are all Meadow-
Plants with us, but the third and fourth are Sown
in Fields m Italy, and in Flanders and Holland
and feveral other parts beyond^ie Sea, of which
theymakean excellent Food fo”attel, as well to
batten them, , as to give good (fore of Milk ; where
they are Manured, t they come up ranker than thev
do m our Meadows where they grow Wild and of
their own accord ; as alfo on the Mountains and
Hills of Spam and Germany. The feventh is fiid

§PW ,m A'W'f, and is by Camerarius called
Medica Arabtca, but it is common wirh us in
tngland The eighth and ninth growsalmoft everv
where throughout our Land, in dry Grounds, as alfo
among Corn efpecially among Barly, and’likewife
in Barren raitures in moft places.

X VI. The Times. They are frelh and green prer-
ty early In . the Spring, and Flower in June Juh
and AuguJI, perfuSing their Seed in the mean
time.

Qualities. They are temperate in re-
fpect to heat or coldj and dry in rhefirlt Degree •

vPuntlnenD'Slftive’ Anodyn> Vulnerary, Diure-
tick and Alexipharmick.

XVIII. The Specification. They are ufed to clear

Woundf'hV’ abate„ InHami™™s,eafe Pains, heal
Wounds, help the Strangury, (lop the Whites in
Women, and refill the Poifon of Venomous
Creatures and cure all forts of Fluxes.

from1 '1 A ?Jffa/Ja,‘ons- You may have there-.
trom, I. A Liquid Juice or Effence. 2. A JV-
coUton in Wme or Water. 3. fi Pouder 0/ the
Se,ed 4t -d DecoHed Oil. ACataph/m. 6. The
AJhes 0/ the whole Plant. 1 J

7 K 1

XX. The

1172

SalmonV Herbal. Lib. I.

The Virtue*.

The Descriptions.

XX. The Liquid Jdice or Effence. Taken to

5 or 6 Spoonfuls, they open ObltruUions of the
Vifcera, cleanfe the Bowels of flimy Humors which
ltick to them ^ help againft the bitings of Vipers,
and other Venomous Creatures •, provoke Urine,
give eafe in the Strangury, Hop the Whiles in
Women, as alfo Fluxes of the Belly, after it has
cleanled it. It heals Wounds by walhing with it,
cools Informations, and eafes Pain. Dropt into the
Eyes, it allays the hear, takes away theBlood-fhot,
and clears them of any Film which begins to grow
over them. _

XXI. The Decollion in Wine or Water. It has
all the former Virtues, but as it is weaker, mult be
taken to half a Pint or more, Morning, Noon, and
Night.

XXII. The Louder of the Seed. Pena fays it is
of fo powerful a drying and binding lUculty, that
it will wonderfully Hop the Running or the Reins .
Dofe from a Dram tb two Drams, Morning and
Night. It is alfo profitably ufed in all foul and
hollow Ulcers, (being firR el'eanfed) to_ incarnate,
and then to cicatrize or heal them. It is alfo faid
to be good againft Ruptures, and cure fpitting of
Blood.

XXIII. The Dccotffd Oil. It is made of the whole
Plant It is good ag?lnfl recent Contufions, the bi-
tings of Serpents, or of any Other Venomous Crea-
ture ; abate Inflammations, eafe pain, and difeufs
Tumors being applyed.

XXIV. The Cataplafm. Applyed to the Share,
it allays Inflamations thereof and eafes Pains in
any part. The Herb being bruifed, and heat be-
tween two Pewter- plates, and applyed hot to the
Share, it is faid to caufe them to make Water in a
Strangury. It dilcufles T umors and recent Comu-
fions, and cures them. Alfo applyed to the biting
of a V:per, or other Serpent, Mad Dog, &c. it is
laid draw out the Poifon, and prevent farther
mifehief.

XXV. The Alb* of the Heads. They are good
to apply to the Hemorrhoids or Piles, to Hop their
Bleeding, and eafe the Pain : And have alio been
found profitable, being applyed to a Procedcatia
Ani , or falling out of the Fundament.

CHAP. DCCVI.

Of TREFOIL Codded :

O R ,

Peafe Cl aver.

1. '~f~'HE Names. It is called in Greek, TVVa-

X ao y, a oCuAs: in Latine, Trifolium Siliatto-
f um : and in Englifb, Codded Trefoil , Peafe Tre-
foil, or Peafe Clover.

II. The Kinds. Of this Plant we fhali take no-
tice only of thefe following, vis. r. Trifolium
Siliquofum majusj The greater Codded Trefoil

2. Trifolium Siliquofum minus , The lefler Codded
Trefoil.

III. The firfl, or greater Codded Trefoil. Its
Root is long and reddifh , branched and fibrous. It
rifes up with a Stalk a Loot or two high , which is
fpread out into many Branches , thick Jet with Tre-
foil Leaves upon fhort Loot folks , fimall and Jharp
pointed , very little dijfcring from the Common

Trefoil Codded, Greater.

Meadow Trefoil, ( with leffer Leaves growing at
the bottom of the Eootftalk) but in their Magnitude ,
thefe being very much lefs , and of a grayifh green
color. The F lowers are in J mail Tufts or Heads ,
of a fair yellow color , not much unlike to thofe of
Broom, but leffer after which come fever a l Cods ,
four or five , more or lefs , in which is contained
round Seed. Both the Stalk , Branches and Leaves ,
have a little foft Downinefs upon them , and the
F lowers grow cluftering together on the -tops of the
Stalks , which being paft away , the Cods fucceed.

IV. Thefecond, or lefler Codded Trefoil. This
in its Stalks ' Branches , and manner of growing , is
very much like to the left defenbed, but the Leaves
arc much lefs , the former being four times larger
than thefe. Thefe Leaves at they are fo much lefs ,
being alfo jhdrper pointed , fo they grow alfo upon
Jhorter Loot folks , having two fing/e Leaves grow-
ing out below them , at the bottoms of their Eodt-
flalks , they all of them having a little foft Downi-
nefs upon them. Their Elcwers come out of the
tops of the Stalks andBranches in a Tuft or Clufier ,
being of a yellow color , and almofi like thofe ajorc-
going , faving that they are leffer , and fewer in
number \ having generally but 2, ?, or 4 Cods fuc-
ceeding them , in which is contained the Grain or
Seed , not much unlike the former.

V. The

Chap. 707.,., EngUjh 'Herbs . 1 \j 3

Trefoil Codded, Lelfer.

V. The Places. They are all of them found
growing in our Fields and Failures, in fuch as are
Fertil and of good Soil, almoft every where.

VI. The Times. They all Flower and Seed from
May, to the end of Summer.

VII. The Vitalities, Specification, V reparations
and Virtues, are the fame with thole declared in
the laft Chapter, to which you are referred ;
fo that no more need to be faid of them in this
place.

c H A P. DCCVII.

Of T R E F O I L Marfi :

0 R,

BV CK-B E ANS.

I. '“p H E Nmes. It is diid to be the M
1 0©-, £ M/w8h Tbeophrafii -, which the

Latins call Trifolium Paludofum -, Trijo/ium Pa-
Itfjire ■, Trifolium Hircinum , alfo Trifolium Fibri-
num Taber nemontani Meniantbcs Pa/uflre Theo-
phrajh Lugdunenfl: In Englifh, Marfh-Trgfoil J
stnd Buck- Beans.

II. The Kinds. Taber numont amts makes two
kinds hereof, viz. 1 . Trifolium Paludofum vcl Pa-
luBre majus. The Greater Marlh-Trefoil, or Buck-
Beans. 2. Trifolium Paludofum vcl palujlre minus.
The lelfer Marlh-Trefoil or Buck-Beans, whofe
Defcriptions follow.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firft, or greater Marlh-Trefoil, orBuck-
Beans: Its Root is long and white, 1 creeping in the

A\ud all about , and fhd'oiing up afrefh at itsfeve-
ral Jot ms It rifes up with a fpongy flexible Stalk

half a lard high or more, with fever al fmooth thick
and fomewhat broad dark green Leaves fet there-
on at far diflances three always flanding toge-
ther on a long Footflalk. Prom the middle of the
Stalks up to the tops, comes forth a long Bufh or
Spike, of five pale blufh Flowers , each of them con-
fl fling of Jive round pointed Leaves, with a long
thick pointed Umbone in the middle, which together

Trefoil Marib, Greater.

os,

Buck-Beans.

with the Leaves thereof, are cpvered with g fine
hairy Down or Prize, which adds a greater Beauty
to it which after tfjey are paft, fm all round He ads
come in their places, containing in them brownifh
yellow bitter Seed.

IV. Gerard deferibes it after this manner. Its
Roots creep divers ways in the Marfh miry Ground,
being full of Joints, white within , full of Pores
and fpongy , fending forth fever al by -Shoots, Stalks
and Leaves, by pubic}) means it much incr cafes, and
largely mu l f ply s its fclf. This great Marfh Tre-
foil has thick fat Stalks, weak and tender , full of
n fPongy Tith very fmooth, and of about a Cubit
long, on which grow Leaves much like to thefe of
t he Garden Bean, fet upon long Footflalks, three
together , like in manner to the other Trefoils,
/moot h, Jhining, and of a deep green color : From
among which, towards the top of the Stalk , grows

1174 Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. 1.

out a Bujh of Feather- like Flowers , of a zohite color ,
dafht over flight ly with aWaJh of light Carnation -,
after which follows the Seed , contained in fmall
Buttons , or knobby Husks , of a brown yellowifh co-
lor, /#& unto Millet, and of a bitter Tafie.

V. The fecond, or leffer Marfh-Trefoil, or Buck-
Beans. It differs not in its Roots , Stalks, Leaves ,
Flowers , Sm/, and manner of growing , /row //;o
former or greater kind , but only in its Magnitude ,
/tor f mailer Species (if it be a different fort ) being
only lefs : But fome Authors think , oW 1 am al-
moft of the fame Opinion , that they are both of
them but one and the fame Plant and Kind ; and
that the difference between them of greater and
leffer , arifes chiefly from the Clime or Country ,
p/doo 0/ growing , 0/7/ quality of the Soil.

VI. Tto Places. Marfli Trefoil grows only in
wet and moorifh Grounds, and will not thrive out
of them, but will quickly grow rank and wither ;
and therefore is to be fought for in Marfli and
Fenny places, and may be found in a boggy Soil,
almoft every where.

VII. The Times. It Flowers from June to the
end of July , and fometimes in Augufi , the Seed
ripening in the mean feafon.

VIII. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the
firft Degree, Aperitive, Abfterfive, Diuretick,
Anodyn, PeQoral, Hepatick, Splenetick, Nephri-
tick, Arthritick, and Hyfterick.

IX. The Specification. It is an experimental
Prefervative, and Cure of the Gout and Rheuma-
tifm, whether in Old or Young ; opens Obftrufti-
ons of Stomach, Lungs, Liver, Spleen and Womb;
refills Hypochondriack Melancholy, and is excel-
lent againft Afthma’s, Coughs, and other Diftem-
pers of the Lungs.

X. The Preparations. You may make there-
from, 1. A Liquid Juice or Effence. 2. A Syrup
of the fame. 3. A Deccttion , or rather lnjufion ,
in Wine or Water. 4. A Pouder of the Seed.

She Virtues.

XI. The Liquid Juice or Effence. Taken in-
wardly from 3 Spoonfuls to 6 , in any convenient
Vehicle Morning and Night, for fome confiderable
time, it deftroys the very Effence of the Gout ; it
not only cures Gouts and Rheumatifms, but is alfo
a prefervative from the fame, and prevents their
return again •, this Plant being found to be the
greateft of all Simple Vegetable Alterative Pro-
duftions, for the rooting out thofe Difeafes. The
Effence cures Hypochondriack Melancholy in Men,
and Vapors and Fits of the Mother in Women3
and powerfully opens all Obftru&ions of the Vif-
cera, chiefly of the Stomach, Lungs, Liver, Spleen,
Mefentery, Reins and Womb ; and therefore is a
remedy againft the Difeafes of thofe parts caufed
thereby ; for by removing the ObftruHive matter,
and reftoring the Tone of the Bowels, it quickly
brings Health to fuch Difeafed Bodies. Thefe
Preparations have been found alio experimentally
good to (top a fpitting of Blood.

XII. The Syrup of the fame. It has the former
Virtues, but is chiefly adapted to Obftru£tions and
Diftempers of the Lungs, as Althma’s, Coughs,
Colds, Hoarfenefs, Phthifick, Wheezings, lofs of
Voice, Etc. being given for fome confiderable time,
Morning and Night, as before dire&ed.

XIII. The Decoition, or rather InJ ufion in Wine or
Water. It has all the Virtues of the Juice, Effence and
Syrup ; hut if it is given againft the Gout, Rheuma-
rifnt, Melancholy, and fuch like Difeafes, it ought to

be made in Water; hut if againft Difeafes of the
Scomach, Mefentery or Reins, in White Port or
Lisbon Wine. It may be given halfa Pint of more
at a time, Morning, Noon and Night, either
limply alone, or dulcified with Sugar, as the Pa-
tient likes belt.

XIV. The Pouder of the Seed. It may be given
from two Scruples to a Dram and half, or four
Scruples, mixed with Syrup of Clovegilliflomrs , or
Syrup of hyjfop , or for want of them with a little
choice Honey, Morning, Noon, and Night, againft
Afthma’s, Coughs, Phthificks, fhortnefs of Breath,
difficulty of Breathing, and other Difeafes of the
Breft and Lungs; for it cuts tough Flegtn and
grofs Humors, and makes them ealier to be ex-
peftorated ; thereby cleanfing the Stomach, Lungs,
Liver, Spleen and Mefentery, and (Lengthening
them withal againft their Habitual Weakneffes.

CHAP. DCCVIII.

Of TREFOIL Peafe.

I. np H E Karnes. It is called in Greek, a^t©- >

JL in Latine, Lotus , and in Englifli, Peafe
Trefoil.

II. The Kinds. Diofcorides and Galen maker
two kinds of Lotus , viz, a «V©- Lotus Vr-
bana , which is our Tei<pv\hov riiA&v, Trifolium Odo-
ratum , Sweet or Garden Trefoil, of which we have
already difeour fed largely in Chap. 704. The other
to be A U7&- dye/©-, Lotus Sylveflris , Trifolium
Sylvefire , The Wild Lotus, or Peafe Trefoil , of
which we £hall treat in this Chapter.

III. The Kinds of the Peafe Trefoil. Authors
make the heft part of twenty Species of them, the
molt of which are perfeft Strangers in our Coun-
try, and not to be feen of us (unlefs a great Travel-
ler) in many Ages. We ftiall only take notice of
fuch as grow either in our Gardens, or Wild abroad
in the Fields, which are the fix following, viz.
1. Lotus edulis Creticus , Lotopifum Ponce ; Lotuv
Cretica Bauhini , Trifolium Pifi genus , The com-
mon Candy Peafe Trefoil. 2. Lotus P if at us ma-
jor, Trifolium Hctmorrboidale majus , The greater
Peafe or Pile Trefoil. 3. Lotus P if at us minor ,
Trifolium Hcemorrboidale minus. The leffer Peafe
or Pile Trefoil. 4. Lotus corniculatus frutejeens,
Bufhy horned Trefoil. 5. Lotus corniculatus mi-
nor p 'tlofus , The leffer hairy horned Trefoil.
6. Lotus corniculatus 'mean us. Trifolium cornicu-
latum vulgatiffimum. The common hoary horned
Trefoil. 7. Lotus Siliquadratis, vel Siliquis Qua -
dripinnatis , Trifolium Siliquofum flore rubro,
Crimfon, or fquare Codded Trefoil.

T he Descriptions.

IV. The firft, or common Candy Peafe Trefoil.
Its Root is fmall. Fibrous and Annual, which fhoots
forth fcveral J. lender Stalks, Jet with brownifh
green Leaves at feveral difiances , three always
growing together on a Footfialk, which are flippy , a
little thick , and pointed. The Flowers are yellow ,
but like unto fmall Peafe Bloflbms, which are fuc-
ceeded by roundifh Cods a little crooked, and are
great in refpett to the fmallnef r of the Plant, in
which are contained round Peafe of a fweet Tafie,

Chap. 708, Unglijh Herbs. 1175

like to our ordinary Peafe , which whilft they are
young and. green , are ufually fold in their Markets,
and as much dc fired of them, as our Peafe are by
us. The whole plant with Stalks and Leaves , are
a little hairy.

V. The fecond, or greater Peafe, or Pile Tre-
foil. Its Root is long, freight, and fome thing
woody, with a few Pi b res adjoining to it : prom
whence rtfes up ufually but one Stalk, two or three
Pect high, fpread out into fever al hard , weak, flex-
ible Twigs , and they again into ether f mailer, bear-
ing at every Joint jive Leaves ,. two of which Hand
clofe to the Stalk, each upon a fmall pootflalk, and
the other three rife up between them higher than
they,' upon another Pootflalk like a Trefoil -, the
Leaves and Stalks being all hoary, yet in the younger
Plants only the three Leaves fund together on a
Pootflalk, without the other two at the bottom. The
p lowers grow many together in a Tuft, of a bfufh
or wkitijh red color, fomewhat large, which turn
into long round Cods, greater and thicker than the
next following, and are of a blac/djb red color ,
fomerhing J'woln as it were, repref anting in a man
ncr the Hemorrhoidal Vein, as it appears when it
is fwoln and fallen down, (whence came its latter
Name,) or alfo from its Jingular Virtue which it
hits tn. curing the Piles ■, within thefe Cods arc con-
tained [matt round blackifh Peafe or Seed.

VI. The third v or leffer Peafe, or Pile Trefoil.
Its Root is a tittle thick and woody, full of hibrtes
or Strings ■, from whence rifes up a Stalk' two or
three Peer high, parted into long Branches, with two
fmething large Leaves, both fet clofe to the Poot
of every Branch,, and to the Joints where the
Leaves grow from whence come forth other Leaves
cut large as the ordinary Trefoil Leaves, three
flan ding together upon a long Pootflalk. The Blow-
ers grow in Tufts at the ends of the Branches, of
a light blufh color , which are followed by fmall,
round, andfhortcr Cods than the former, and. with
fuch like Peafe or Seed in them. This Plant dyes
yearly with us, but in a kind Tear gives us ripe
Seed.

VII. The fourth, or Bufhy horned Trefoil. It
h<u fmall fmootb green Stalks a Poot or more high,
fpr coding it felf out into many fmall and fhort
Branches, almofl hke a Bufh, with Trefoil Leaves
on not long Pootfialks, the Leaves being long and
narrow. The Plowers are yellow, /hooting forth
at the tops 2 or 3 together, and fometimes more.
After which come thicker and fhort er Cods than in
the next following, ending in a long point, in which
are contained fmall Peafe or Seed. Sometimes it
has broader Cods, and end in fhort er Points, as it
generally does with us.

VIII. The fifth, or the lefler hairy horned
Trefoil. It has a /lender woody fibrous Root ,
which fends up f lender Stalks covered with very
fmall reddifh Hairs, which are fet with f mall hairy
fharp pointed Leaves, three on a Pootflalk, and two
below at each Joint , from whence fpring the Plow-
ers, one or two at themofi on a fmall Stalk like an
hair, of a deep yellow, tending to a Saffron color -,
after which fucceed very J. lender long Cods, contain-
ing very fmall Seed.

IX. The fixth, or common hoary horned Tre-
foil. This is but a low Plant, but has a little larger
Leaves and plowers than the lafl, and of as deep a
Saffron yellow color, or rather with a Jhadow of
Crimfon on them, growing three or four together -,
which being faded away, fmall, long, crooked Cods
fucceed, containing within them round Peafe or
Grains.

X. The feventh, or Crimfon BloITom, crfquare
Godded Trefoil. Its Root which is fmall, and

perifhes every Tear, fends up three or four fmall
weak Stalks , divided into many Branches , having
two Stalks of Leaves at every Joint-, and three
fmall fojt Trefoil Leaves J landing together on a
very fmall Pootflalk, coming from the Joint. The
Plowers grow for the mofl part two together , of a
per fed red or Crimfon color , almofl like to a Peafe
bloffom. After which come long, thick and round
Cods, with two Skins or Pilms, running all along
the Cod on the upper fide, and two other fuch like
Pilms all along on the Cod on its underfide, which
makes it feem four fquare in which Cods are con-
tained round dif coloured Peafe, a little f mailer and.
harder than our Common Peafe.

XI. The Places. The firlt is a Native of Can-
dy3 it growiug among their Corn, and in the Bor-
ders of their Fields ; but with us it is only Nurft
up in Gardens. The third is a Stranger, and only
a Garden Plant with us. The feventh is a Garden
Plant alio, and we Cultivate it chiefly for the
Beauty of its Flowers. The lecond, fourth, fifth
and fixth, grow Wild, and are often found in ma-
ny of our Fields or Meadows.

XII. The Times. They Flower in the Summer
Months^ in June and July, when the other Tre-
foils Flower, and their Seed is ripe in the Month
following, or not long after the falling of the
Flower.

XIII. The Qualities. They are all Temperate in
refpecl to the firft Qualities * Aperitive, Abfterfive,
Diuretick, Nephririck, and Lichontriptick. The
Pile Trefoil is Anodyn and Difcuffive.

XIV. The Specification. The firft is Analeptick,
and reftorative in Confumptions. The Pile Tre-
foil is approved for curing the Hemorrhoids or
Piles * but all the Species open Obftr unions, cleanfe
the Urinary paflages, and are profitable againft
Sand, Gravel, and Stone in the Reins and Bladder.

XV. The Preparations. You may have from
the firft and feventh, 1. A Pultage of the Pulfe, or
kind of thick Pottage. 2. A Decod ion of the fame
in Water. 3. A Decodwn of the Grains of all the
other kinds, as alfo of the whole Plants in Water.
4. A Ponder of the dryed Herb , of any of the kinds.
y. A Juice or E fence of the whole Plant .

T be Virtues.

XVI. The Pultage made of the Peafe of the firfl
or feventh kind. It is made with Water, in which
the Peafe are boiled till they break * then the Pot-
tage is ftrained thro5 a hair wooden Sieve •, after
which it is mixed with Milk or Gream, or eaten
without, being made favory with a little Pepper,
Salt and Butter : Some weak Stomachs which can-
not away with Milk, may put into it a proporti-
onal quantity of Wine, and then make it pleafant
with Sugar. Often eaten it nourifhes, reltores in
Confumptions, and makes Fat and Flclhy : It alfo
cleanfes the Reins, Ureters and Bladder, of Tarta-
rous matter lodg’d in thofe parts.

XVII. The Decodion of the Pulfe of all the kinds ,
or of the whole Plants in Water. Let it be made
very ftrong, and then mixt with a half part of
White-Port Wine, and fo drank. It opens Ob-
ftruUions of the Urinary parts, helps the Strangu-
ry, and cleanfes thofe Veffels from Slime, Sand,
Gravel, Stones or Tartarous matter lodged in them,
being often ufed.

XVIII. T be Ponder of the dryed Herb of any of
the kinds. It may be given from half a Dram to a
Dram and half in White-Wine, for all the purpo-
fes aforenamed. The Pouder of the Pile Trefoil

given

1 17 6 Salmon 's Herbal. Lib. I.

given to the fame quantity in red Wine, is laid
to be of good effeft againft the Hemorrhoids or
Piles : But I fuppofe it ought to be taken for fome
confiderable time ^ I have had no experience of it,
but the Learned about Montpelier affirm it.

XIX- The Liquid Juice or Effenee of the whole
Plant. They are more effectual to all the intenti-
ons and purpoles aforementioned, than any of the
laid Preparations-, and may be given from two to
four Ounces, either alone, or mixt with fome pro-
per Wine, or a Decoffion of Parfly Roots , and then
fweetned with Sugar, to be taken Morning and
Night, fo long as the Prudent Phyfitian fhall or-
der or direft. The Juice and Effenee , befides
reltoring in Confumptions, giving relief in the
Stone, &c. are of excellent ule to breed plenty of
Milk in NurfesBrealts.

CHAP. DCCIX.

Of TREFOILS Strawberry ,
and Starry.

T. H,E Names. We know no Greek Names
X belonging to thefe Plants : The firit is cal-
led in Latine, Trifolium fragiferum •, and in Eng-
liffi, Strawberry Trefoil. The fecond tho’ not
mentioned by any Greek Authors, may be called
Te'i'pvrntv ctr^v, ^ TelfuAxov eLrej&v : in Latine, T ' ri-
ff olium Stellatum , Trifolium St ell are -, in Engliffi,
Starry Trefoil , and Starry Headed Trefoil.

II. The Kinds. Of the firft or Strawberry Tre-
foil, we have but one Kind growing with us,
viz. Trifolium fragiferum Gerardi \ Trifolium
fragiferum Frificum , becaufe it alfo grows in
pr if eland and fome call it Trifolium Veficarium.
The fecond is called, Tri folium Stellatum glabrum
Gerardi , Trifolium capitulis StellatU -, fmooth
Starry headed Trefoil.

'The Defcriptions.

III. The firft, or Strawberry Trefoil. Its Roots
Jpread themfelves with many long Fibres and it
grows up with fever a l Stalks and broad pointed
Trefoil Leaves upon them , being dented in , in the
middle of their broad ends , making each Leaf in
form much like a Heart, or not much differing from
the Leaves of the Trifolium Cordatum, or Heart
Trefoil, growing upon long Footjialks $ which Stalks
are bare towards the tops, where grow J mail round
Heads , with fmall blufh Flowers , rifing out of
their Husks , which are like fmall Bladders made
of thin Skins -, after the Flowers are paji , thefe
Bladders fwell fomewhat bigger , and turn down
their Brims , forming a Head like a Strawberry, of
many red Grains fet together , but greater in each
Husk , wherein is contained a few fmall yellow
Seeds.

IV. Johnfon in Gerard , deferibes it after this
manner. The Roots , Stalks and Leaves , of this
pretty Trefoil, do not much differ from the common
white Meadow Trefoil -, but there is fome diffe-
rence in the Flowers and Seed : For the Flowers of
this are fmall , grow thick together , and are of a
whit if}) blufh color after which follow Heads made
of little Bladders or thin Skins , in fuch like man-

Trefoil Strawberry.

ner as they refemble a Strawberry or Rafpberry ;
and they are of a grayifh color , here and there
marked with red : The Leaves are ffiaped in form
of a Heart, and the Stalks feldomgrow above a Hand
breadth , or four Inches high.

V. The fecond, or fmooth Starry Headed Tie-
foil, (for there is a rough fort of it growing in
Spain, not much differing from this , but is an ab-
folute Stranger with us : ) It has a fmall long
white Root , with feveral Fibres adjoining to it ,
from which rife up Stalks fometimes a Foot high ,
and fometimes very much fhorter , hairy, and divi-
ded but into few Branches : The Leaves which are
of a Trefoil jaflrion , ffand upon long Footffalks ,
and fomewhat longifh with all, (but thofe which grow
in France, are found to be in form of an Heart j )
having no fmall Jharp pointed Leaves growing at
the bottom of the Footjialks , next to the Stem of
the Plant : The Leaves are green of color , and net
fnipt , but fmooth about the edges. The Heads
which grow on the tops of the Stalks are round ,
Jhort and green , with fmall purple , or clfe whit iff)
Flowers , like thofe of the Common Trefoil, but
leffer ffanding in Cups divided into Jive parts ,
viz. into five long Jharp Leaves , which lying open ,
do very much refemble the Form of a Star. The
Flowers being fallen, the Heads grow fomewhat big-
ger, harfher , and more prickly , opening themfelves
a little , but not much. Jhc Seed is like that of
Millet, but fomewhat rounder.

VI. The Places. The firft grows in Friezeland ,
in the Low Countries , and other places adjacent to
them, as well as with us. It grows here in molt:
Salt-Marfhes, as in Hartford Salt Marfh in Kent,
and in thofe below PurJleet , and the like places.
The fecond Johnfon oblerved in Hartford. Salt-

Marlh 1

11 77

Chap, 710. ‘Englifi Herbs.

Marfh-, and I have feen them both in feveral
other parts and places of this Kingdom.

VII. T be Tiroes. The firft Flowers in July
and AuguJ }, and the Seed is ripe not long after.
The fecond Flowers in June and July, and the
Seed is ripe in July and Auguft.

VIII. The Qualities, Specification, Trepanations
and Virtues, are the lame with the Common Mea-
dow Trefoils, in Chap*- 70J. aforegoing, to which
we lefer you, fo that no more need be faid of
them here.

CHAP. DCCX.

Of TREFOIL Tree:

0 R,

Cytifus; and Bean Trefoil.

1/ I 1 H E Names. It is called in Greek KJrms:

JL in Latine Cytifus a Cythnio Infula , as Pliny
fays 5 and in Englifli Tree Trefoil.

II. The Kinds. Authors make 1 5 or 16 feveral
Species of this Plant, moft of which are perfeft
Strangers to us, and not to be feen unlefs we Tra-
vel many Foreign Countries ; we (hall only de-
feribe fuch as are Nurft up in our Gardens, which
are the five following, viz. 1 . Cytifus Diofcoridis
& Galeni, Cytifus Maranthx , (fo called becaufe it
was firft brought to light by one Bartholomeus
Alarantha of Naples -, ) Cytifus Commits, Cytifus
hu net us & Cytifus verus. The true Tree Trefoil
of Diof corides and Galen , or Horned Tree Trefoil.
3. Cytifus vulgaris, Cytifus vulgatior, Cytifus pin-
net us Gerardi , The common Tree Trefoil, as being
the moft common with us in England. 3. Cytifus
incanus Germanicus , Cytifus kirfutus Gerardi ;
Cytifus albus SylveJiris Cordi ; The German hoary
Tree Trefoil. 4. Cytifus Hifpanicus arboreus ,
Cytifus quartus Hifpanicus Cluftj , The Spanilh
Tree Trefoil. ;. Cytifus Hifpanicus incanus [ex-
tus Cluftj ; Cytifus incanus Gerardi , The low Spa-
nilh hoary Tree Trefoil.

III. And becaufe the Bean-Trefoil is a Tree
Trefoil , rho’ it be no Cytifus , we (hall add it
to the reft in this place, to avoid making a New
Title or Chapter. It is called in Greek, 'Ayiyvex

x, dtuyv(& Anagyris altera , (becaufe

there is another Anagyris , or Bean - Trefoil ,
which is Stinking; ) in Latine Laburnum , and
in Englifli Bean-Trefoil , or Tree Bean-Trefoil ;
and this is twofold, viz. 1. Anagyris non fottida
major , five Laburnum majtts , The greater Tree
Bean-Trefoil. 2. Anagyris non fastida minor , live
Laburnum minus , the lefler Tree Bean Trefoil.
As for the Anagyris feetida , we have nothing to
fay to it here, becaufe it grows only in very hot
Countries, and lo is a perfefL Stranger in our
Clime.

The Defcriptiotis.

IV. The firft, or True Tree Trefoil of Diof corides
and Galen , or Horned Trefoil. ItsRoot isbardand
woody, running out feveral ways under Ground :
It rifes up to be a, or % Ten high or more , ( accord-
ing as it likes the Soi/J the Stalk being as thick aa

Trefoil Tree, True.

a Alans Thumb, covered with a whitijh Bark , and
fpreading it felf forth very fat* into many whitijh
Branches, befet in many places with J 'mall Leaves,
three always ftandirtg together upon one fmall Jhort
foot ft at k, which are rounder and whiter than the

Trefoil Tree, True.

Leavt i

1178 Salmon j

Leaves of the Tree Bean-Trefoil. At the ends of
the Branches for the moft part , come forth the
Flowers , three or four together , of a fine Gold
color , and of the fafhion of Broom-Flowers, but
not Jo large. After the Flowers are pafi , in their
places come crooked , fiat, thin Cods , in form or
fhape of an Half Moon, or Crooked Horn, xahitijh
when they are ripe , in which is contained blackijh
Seed the whole Plant has a pretty hot Smell, but
not firong . Gerard fays. That its Branches are
tough and hairy ■, that the Leaves are like thofe of
the Meadow-Trefoil *, that the Cods are crooked like
a Sickle •, that the Seed or Grains tafie like Cicers
or Chick Peafe ^ that the whole Plant is hoary like
Rh imnus or Buckthorn and that being broken or
bruifed, it fmells like Rocket;

V. The fecond, or common Tree Trefoil. Its
Root dive rfly fpreads.it f elf under Ground-, from
whence arifes a Stem or Stalk, larger both in height
and thicknefs than the former , having a blackifl)
coloured Bark, replenijhed with Trefoil Leaves,
but fmaller and greener than the former. The
Flowers are f mailer, but of the fame fafhion and
color. The Cods are blackijh and thin , not very
long or great, but lefferthan Broom Cods, in which
is contained fm all blackijh Seed. Gerard fays. That
it grows to the height of a tall Man, ( but that is
as the Soil is in goodnefs : ) That the Leaves are
like fome of the Common Trefoils, but fmaller,
of which the middlemoft of the three is always the
longefi -, that the upper fide of the Leaf being green,
the underfide is fomewhat reddifh and hairy ; that
the Flowers grow on the Stalks aim oft from their
bottoms to their tops, but greater than any of the
reft, of a Gold yellow color. Broom fafhion' d and
that the Seed has a Cicer, or Chick-Peafe Tafte.

VI. The third, or German hoary Tree Trefoil.
Its Root, ps woody, running it felf out under the
Earth many ways from which rifes up fever al
fender hoary Stalks , which are but low, and more
Woolly than fome others, with long Trefoil Leaves,
which in fever al places of them , are on the backfide
fomewhat more hoary than on the upperfide , the
middle Rib being fomewhat great , of a kind of
fweetifl) Tafte, and a little J'weet in Smell alfo.
The Flowers are of a Gold yellow like the other
forts, and like Broom Flowers, ftanding many to-
gether, one above another at the end of the Branches.
After which comes hoary, and fomewhat hairy , lit-
tle, long, narrow and ji at Cods, containing therein
fmall Seed like that 'of Broom, tafting like Tares.
Gerard fays, that its Stalks and Branches grow not
very high, but are plentifully fpread out round a-
bout ; that the Leaves are greater than the former,
but leffer than thofe of Meadow Trefoil That the
Flowers growclofe together, as lho> they were bound
up, or compatl into one Head, or f poky Tuft, fome-
what greater than the former -, that the Cods are alfo
greater and more hairy y that it falls out to be more
hairy or woolly in one place than in another , and the
more hairy and woolly it is, the whiter it grows •
and that the Branches- of this often lye upon the
Ground. Johnfon alfo fays. That the Leaves are
fmooth and green above , and hoary underneath *,
that the yellow Flowers when fading, become fome-
times Orange coloured J and that the Cods are round,
and Seeds brownijh.

VII. The fourth, or Spanifh Tree Trefoil. Its
Root Is woody and fibrous, f presiding it felf abroad,
which fends up ufually but one Stalk, f ifing to a
Mans height , and covered with a dark grayijh Bark,
which fpreads it felf out round into Branches,
which are replenijhed with fmall pale greenifh
Trefoil Leaves on the upperfide, and a little red-
difh and hairy underneath. The Flowers are of a

Herbal Lib. j.

Gold yellow color , fomewhat longer than others , and
coming forth at the bottom of the Leaves in fever al
places , commonly two or three at a place , which
turn into j mall , Jhort, and flat Cods , leffer than
Broom Cods, and fomewhat blackijh when they arc
ripe , containing within them final 1, flat and
blackijh Seed , at fmall <u that oj Broom.

VIII. The filth , or low Spamlh hoary Tree
Trefoil. Its Stalks and Branches are not above
half a Lard high, long, Jlender and hoary, repleat
with Treloil Leaves, the two lower oj which are
fmaller than the middle Leaf, which is of twice
their length , but of a hoary Afh color, ji andwg on
Jhort Vootfialks , of an AJbingent drying Tajie.
The Flowers come forth with the Leaves at the
Joints, allalongthe Branchestwo or three together
which are fujiainci by /oft hoary while Husks
wherein they fund. Gerard fays. That it growl
to the height of a Cubit or more-, that it here 'many
Branches which are fender and twiggy, like Broom
f reaked and very hard-, that the Leaves are Tre-
foil like , or very like Fcenugreek, yet all hoary ;
that from the bojo/ns of which, or between the Leaves
and Stalks, the yellow Flowers come forth, very like
Broom or Peafe Flowers, but fmaller -, that the
Cods are like Broom Cods, of an Afh color, j..t
fender er, rougher and flatter -, that in their five-
ral Cells are contained bright liming heed. Hue the
black Seed of Broom ; and that the whole Plant is
hoary like Rhamnus or Buckthorn.

IX. The fir ft of the Greater Tree Bean- Trefoil.
Its Root is woody, runs deep into the Ground, and
fpreads far about, being of ayellowijhcolor. ’it ri-
fles up to more than the heigh of a Man, if it abides
long in any place,- and is covered with a fmooth
green Bark . Lhe branches are very long, pliant
and bending any way, on which grow here and there
Trefoil Leaves upon long Footjla/As, being fome-
thing long, narrow, and pointed at the ends, green
on the upperfide, and oj a Jhining Stiver color un-
derneath, without any Smell at all. '. At the Joints
of thefie Branches where the Leaves Jland, come
forth many Flowers much like to thofe of Broom,
but not fo targe or open, growing about a very long
Branch or Stalk, Jometimes a good Span or more in
length, and of a fair yellow color, but not very deep ;
after which come flat thin Cods, not very long or
proad, but as tough and hard us thofe ofl Broom
in which is contained blackijh Seed 1 Thoje Twigs of
Flowers hang down, and do not fiand up, being aU
moft a Foot long, as do alfo the Cods. Gerard Jays,
that the Leaves are rather like to Viiex, or thofe of
Cy tifus, and that the Seed is like to that of Galeea
or Tree-Trefoil.

X-. The fecond, or leffer Tree-Bean-Trafoil. It
is in moJI things like unto the loft deferibed -, but it
grows nothing near fo great, nor are the Leaves fo
large by half, nor yet either the Flowers or Seed.

XI. The Places. The firft four of the Tree-
Trefoils are found in the Kingdom olNap/es, and
feveral parts of Greece -, as alfo the fecond, ’third
and fourth in Hungary, Aujiria, &c. but all the firft
five are Strangers in England, but as they are Nurft
up in Gardens ; the fecond of them being the moft
common with us. The Tree-Bean-Trefoil grows
in Spain and France, alfo in Candy , as Bellonivs
fays, but with us are Cultivated under a Gardiners
Care.

XII. The Titties. The firft five Flower for the
moft part in May, June and July, and give ripe
Seed in . Augult and September. The latter two
Flower in May and June, and their Seed is ripe
in September.

XIII. The Qualities. The Cytift are temperate
in refpeft to heat or cold, driijels or moilture, yet

fome

Chap. 7 1 o. Unglifb Herbs. 1179

fome fay they are cold and moift in the beginning
of the firft Degree ^ are Digeftive, Difcuffive,
Anodyn, Diuretick, Nephririck, and Laftogene-
ick. The Laburna are hot and dry as Galen fays,
Aperitive, Digeftive, Difcuflive, Pe&oral, Hyfte-
rick and Emmcnagogick and that their Seed is
alfo Emetick.

XIV. T be Specification. The Cytifi wonderful-
ly increafes Milk in Nurfes, for which reafon in
Foreign Countries where they naturally grow, they
are Planted for feeding Sheep, Goats and Cows,
both to make them give more Milk, and alfo to
Fatten them * and for Bees to gather Honey from
their Flowers * and from whofe Flowers they ga-
thered more Honey than from the Flowers of any
other Plant whatsoever : And abiding green for
eight Months of the Year, it became excellent
Pafturage for their Cattel, and might be kept dry
the reft of the Year following as dry Fodder. It
is faid to be a remedy againft the Sciatica, and all
other kinds of Gouts. The Laburna difcuffes cold
Swellings, eafes the Head-ach, opens Obftruffions
of the Lungs, Reins and Womb, provoke the
Terms, and bring away both Birth and After-
birth.

XV. The Preparations. Of the Cytifi you may
make 1. A Liquid Juice. 2. An Infufion or De-
ceit ion in Water. Of the Laburna you may make,

I. A Liquid Juice of the Roots and Leaves. 2. A
Deco ft ion or Infufion in Water or Wine. 3. A Lou-
der of the Leaves. 4. A Cataplafm of the Leaves.

T he Virtues.

XVI. TJje Juice of Cytifus. Being drank from
two Ounces to four, mixt with Canary or Sack-
Whey, it increafes Milk in Nurfes admirably*,
and alfo reftores in Confumptions, more efpecially
if made into a Lohoch with Clarified Honey.

XVII. The Infufion or Decotfion of Cytifus, in
Water. It has the fame Virtues : If three quarters
of the Infufion or Decotfion , be mixt with a quarter
part of Wine for Nurfes to drink, it will breed
good ftore of Milk in their Breafts, and make their
Children ftrong and lufty ^ and gives eafe in the
Sciatica or Gout.

XVIII. The Liquid Juice of Laburnum. It is a
ftrong Vomit, and befides which it Purges alfo
downwards pretty ftrongly, by which means it
opens Obftruttions of the Stomach, Lungs and
Womb, eafes the Gout and Rheumatifm, provokes
the Terms, and brings away both Birth and After-
birth : Dofe from an Ounce to two Ounces, in any
convenient Vehicle.

XIX. The Decotfion in Water or Wine. It has
the Virtues of the Juice, and may be given from
a quarter to half a Pint, according to Age and
Strength.

XX. The Louder of the Leaves. Taken to a
Dram in Wine or Mead, provokes the Terms, ex-
pels both Birth and After-birth, and Dead Child,
opens Obftruttions of the Lungs, Mefentery and
Womb * and helps fuch as are fhort Winded, and
can hardly breath, or are vehemently troubled with
the Head-ach : Ic purges ftrongly both upwards
and downwards.

XXI. The Cataplafm of the Leaves. Laid up-
on cold Tumors it eafes the Pain, difcuffes and
waftes them, rettoring the part to its Priftine
Health.

CHAP

CHAP. DCCXI.

Of TUFTS Carden.

I’T’ U E ' Names. This Plant is called in Greek,

_L ©Aaczr/, 0a amt and 0 Actcuni ^nmVTri :

in Latine, I hlafpi Horten (is, iff Tblafpi Umbella- *
turn : in Englifh, Garden Tufts.

II. The Kinds. We obferve but two forts of
this Plant in our Gardens, viz. i. Thlafpi Creticum,
Tblafpi U mb ell at urn -, fiore albo iff Purpureo , Can-
dy Tufts white and purple* it is a Flower of the
large kind, and ferves for an Ornament to great
Parterres. 2. Thlafpi Bceticum, Thlafpi Mann urn,
Spanifh Tufts, or Spanifh Sea-Tufts.

The Descriptions.

III. The firft, or Candy Tufts, white and pur-
ple. It! Root is f mall and thready , is like that of
the Treacle Muftard, enduring many Tears , which
fends up Stalks about a Loot or more high , divided
or fpread out into feveral Branches , each of which
bears Leaves of about two Inches long, without Foot-
flalks, large at bottom , indented round the edges,
and pointed at their tops. At the upper end of its
Stalk grow very [mall Flowers, compofed of four
Leaves , in the form of a Crofs. In the middle of
each Cup rife s a Style , which becomes a Fruit , round
at top , border’d with a Wing or little Leaf and
divided into two Chambers , which are filled with
flat Seeds , that at firjl are red ', but afterwards
when they become ripe turn black.

IV. The fecond, or Spanifh Sea-Tufts, are very
much like the former , which fends forth fome Leaves
(before its Stalks ,) which are a little notch’d or
finely dented about the edges -, but it divides or
fpreads not it f elf out into Branches as the former
does , but has at its top an Umbel of purplifh Flow-
ers like unto the former , but with paler yellow
Seed.

V. The Places. The firft grows in Candia * the
fecond in Spain, not far from theSea-fide, but with
us they both are Nurftupin Gardens,

VI. The Times. They Flower about the middle
or end of June, or beginning of July-, and the
Seed is ripe not long after.

OBSERVATIONS.

VII. Obf. 1. This Plant (of, which there are ma-
ny forts, but) two Kinds of which we Sow only in
our Gardens, is propagated by its Seed which is
Sown in September, in open Grounds, or in hot
Beds: It is fown in Drills, on the edges of our
Beds or Borders, or elfe in little Circles, at one,
two, or three Feet diftance, to make a (how the
firft Year, after which the Plants produce their
Seed and dye, and are accounted hardy Annuals.

VIII. Olf. 2. If you Sow the Seed in open
Ground, it ought to be upon a Bed well dug, and
fet out by Lines, which fhould likewife be fcat-
ter’d oyer with Mould about and Inch thick, and
laid afterwards very even. After having drawn
Rills length-ways and crols-ways, you may Sow
the Seed, yet but very thin to the end, that your
Flowers may be the finer, and not fubjeci to fade :

7 L 2 Thefe

n8o Salmon V Herbal. Lib. I.

Thefe Plants when in Beds, have fometimes occa- I
Con for Watering, efpecially when the Seafon hap- |
pens to be ferene and dry, and therefore you mult
be fure to do it, as oft as need requires it.

IX. Obf. a. If you Sow the Seed in hot Beds,
you mult wait till February , which is the time you
ought to make them, obferving in Sowing the
method before prefcribed -. When March is come,
and you think the Plants have flrength enough to
bear Tranfplanting, then take them out of the pla-
ces where they are, and place them in thofe where
they may bear Flowers. The Plants which are
Sown in September , are not to be fooner Tranl'-
planted than thofe Sown upon hot Beds ; and fo
you referve places for other Flowers, much more
valuable.

X. Obf. 4. When you Tranfplant them, put
them among Flowers of the large kind, and fill
whole Beds with them, or at leaft adorn the mid-
dle of the Borders, by which means they will be
fet off, fo that being planted regularly, and inter-
mixc with other Flowers in the fame Row, few
things can be more pleafant to the Sight. As to
any particular fort of Earth in which they (hould
be Planted, nothing need be faid ; for being put
into Beds of good Mould, they will certainly
thrive.

XI. Obf. 5. As foon as you have Planted them,
you mult Water them, for that makes the Earth
lye clofer to their Roots, whereby they will the
more aptly receive their Pabulum, fo as to grow
very lair : And as thefe Flowers are Enemies to
Weeds, or Weeds Enemies to them, which are apt
to choak them up, you mult therefore take care to
free them therefrom, and to Water them as yon
fee occafion.

XII. Obf. 6. When after Sowing they firft begin
to peep out of the Ground, Frolts many times
happen, which would certainly much hurt them ;
therefore defend them, by covering them with large
dry Dung or Straw, and fo lec it lye over them
all the Winter, if Sown in open Grounds : But if
in hot Beds, then cover them with Straw-Bells,
and they will then do well : But if there happen
only white Frofts, you need not to cover them but
only a Nights, and uncover them the next Morn-
ing.

XIII. T he Qualities, Specification , Preparations
and Virtues, are the fame with our Common Mufi-
ard, in Chap. yn. faring that this Plant is not fo
vehemently acute, hot and (harp ■, and therefore
may be ufed with the more pleafure.

CHAP. DCCXIL

Of the TUBEROSE.

I. 'T"' H E Names. Tho’ it has no known Greek
A Name, being an Indian Plant, yet being
thought to be of the kindred of the Jacinths, it
may properly enough be called : in

Greek; andinLatine, Hyacmlhus Indicus, but our
Modern Authors call it (imply, T uberofa quafi
Rahx I uberofa, and Flos Indicia radice Tuberofa:
in Englilh, T he Tuberofe, fo called becaufe its Root
is Tuberous.

II. The Kinds. It is the Opinion of almoft all
Authors, that it is a Species of the Jacinths , but
whether it is the American Jacinth, of which we
have difcourfed before in dap. 391. is very much

to be doubted ; becaufe of the difcrepancy which
feems to be in the Flower, as alio in fome other
particulars : Befides Authors defcribe two Species
of that Plant, whereas this feems to be a lingular
of its own kind.

The Defcription.

III. Its Root is thick and Tuberous , which gave
occafion to its Name , with fome Fibres or Strings
if uing from it : From this Root Jhoot forth fcvcral
Leaves , about half a Foot long , fir ait , f moot If and
pointed at the end ; in the middle of which rifes up
a Stem , three or four Feet high, and about the
thicknefs of ones little Finger. On the top of this
Stem or Stalky the Flowers come forth like Lillys,
Jingle Leav'd , and fhaped like a Pipe or Belt ,
pointed , or notch'd in fix places , and looking almoft
like a Bell. At the bottom of the Flower rifes a
Chive , which in time becomes aroundifh Fruity full
of Seed of the fame color.

IV. The Places. It is faid to be Originally an
Indian Plant, but now almoft all Europe is ftored
with it. It is brought to us in the Roots, gene-
rally out of Italy, where they thrive and prolper
exceedingly ^ which when we have them, we only
Plant them in Pots, and fo place them in our Gar-
dens, that they may be houfed in Winter, or when
the Seafon grows cold.

V. The Times. If the Seafon is warm and tem-
perate, the Roots may be Planted in February or
March , and then they will pofiibly Flower in
June, July , or Auguft h but if you Plant them in
May , they will then Flower in Autumn , viz. in
Auguft or September.

OBSERVATIONS.

VI. Obf. i. The Tuberofe delights wonderful-
ly in heat, for which reafon, it never bears fo large
blowers in our cold Countries, as it does in its
Native hotter Climates ^ wherefore we ought to
repofe it in fuch places where the heat or Sun is
more fenfibly felt.

VII. Obf 2. Chufe fuch Roots as are hard and
firm, which you may know by feeling them with
your Thumb and Fore-finger, refufing fuch as are
foft, and incline to be rotten, which is difeerned
by running your Nail into the fide of the Root *
if the Subltance is not white, reject it, and chufe
others.

VIII. Obf 3. Then chufe middle fiz’d Pots,
which fill (within 2 Inches of the tops) with Earth
made of two thirds of Mould, and one third of
Kitchen Garden Earth well mixt together 5 in
which fet the Tuberofe Roots an Inch deep, lea-
ving the other part, which cover with pure Mould,
to receive the heat of the Sun, which will by this
means the more eafily penetrate to the Roots.

IX. Obf. 4. If you would have early Flowers,
plant them in the latter end of February , or be-
ginning of March , and place their Pots in hot Beds
up to their Rim, and cover them with Glalfes^
letting them enjoy (if the Weather is mild) the
Beams of the Sun thro’ the dalles- but if Frofty
or Cold, then cover the Glalfes with Mats : And
if it Freezes hard, cover the Mats alfc with Straw ^
for the leall Cold imaginable hinders their Growth,
and may make them to fail, how well fo'ever they
are difpofed to bear Flowers.

X. Obf. 5. Thus managed, their Shoots will
(how what they will be, fince Heat almoft alone,

it

Chap. 712. Unglijh Herbs.

it is that mkes them profperous^ but fome Moi-
fture will all'o be requilite, and therefore it will be
neceflary from time to time to Water them, (as
your Prudence fhall direft,) with Water newly
drawn out of a Well.

XI. Obf. 6. The Glafles muft be continued, till
the Air is grown warm or mild ^ nor muft the Pots
be yet taken out of their Beds, which preferve a
certain Warmth within them, which has an admi-
rable influence upon them, in cauling them to
fruftify.

XII. Obf. 7. If you have no Dung, and are
loth to be at the charge thereof, you muft not
Plant your Tuberofe Roots till the end of March ,
or beginning of Aprils for the great Colds being
then over, many Inconveniencies of early Planting
will be avoided. Then fill the Pots in the manner
before preferibed, and Plant your Roots therein-,
whjch Pots expole in the moft Sunny places, fet-
ting them upon Boards under a Wall, that they
may have the reverberation of the Heat from the
Wall alfo, which will make them the looner come
to their defired Perfeflion.

XIII. Obf 8. If you Plant them in May , then
your Plants will Flower in Autumn ; but you muft
obferve the fame Method as you do in thofe which
are more early Planred, always placing them where
the Sun is hotteft : And to forward them in their
growth, you muft Water every day at Noon,
with Water warmed in the Sun.

XIV. Obf. 9. This Plant is not to be raifed in
open Grounds, beeaufe the Heat in our colder
Climates is not fufficient to make them grow and
thrive as they ought ^ but being Planted in Pots as
before direfled, they are to be expofed to the Solar
heat ; yet fome do not only expofe them to the
ftrongelt heat they can in the Day time, but alfo
put lome Glafles upon them to retain the Heat the
longer.

XV. Obf 10. If it happens that fome Roots fhoot
not up their Stems fo loon as others, you muft re-
move the Pot out of the hot Bed it is in, and fet
it in another hot Bed new made, (provided it has
difeharged its fiift heat-, ) or for want of fuch a
Bed, to place it on a heap of Horfe-Dung mode-
rately warm, which expedient has been found very
well to fucceed.

XVI. Obf 11. When the Stems grow high, and
the Flowers begin to appear upon their tops, you
muft fupport them with a little Rod or Stick, of a
Fingers thicknefs, which is to be ftuck into the
Earth, near the Foot of each Plant, to which the
Stems are to be tyed * for otherwife the weight of
the Flowers would make them exceedingly to bend,
and pofhbly alfo to break : When they begin to
blow, each Flower blows fucceflively one after
another, which keeps them a long time in Flow-
ering ; the Smell and Odour of which is very

' fweet and grateful, Perfuming the place or room
in which they grow or are placed.

XVII. Obf 12. This Plant is multiplyed by
Suckers, but this is chiefly done in hot Climates ^
for tho’ we look never fo carefully after thefe
Suckers, yet their Stems (in our cold Climates,)
will never grow high as thofe which are Planted
from their Original Roots, brought to us out of
Italy , and other like Countries-, nor will their
Flowers be fo numerous or fo beautiful ; where-
fore it is a Folly to think of augmenting of their
numbers this way.

XVIII. Obf. 15. Lafily , Authors have faid no-
thing of their Virtues, but only fuppofe them to
have the lame Qualities and Specification with the
other Hyacinths .* But the great care and trouble
in their Cultivation, is chiefly for the Beauty of

Ii8i

rheir flowers, and their Fragrant Odour, with
which they replenilh the places of their abode.

CHAP. DCCXIII.

Of the TULIP, or Turks-Cap.

I. I 'HE Names. It has no Creek nor Latinc

. . that we know of, but Authors have

Latmizil a Name for it, and call it Tu/ipa, from
the T urkijh Word T ulipan, which is the Name
the Turks give their Head-Tyres, or Caps-, and
we in Enghjh, in conformity to this Name, call it
the Tulip, which is much like a Turks-Cap.

Ii. The Kinds. Some as Dodomet/s, and M.it-
thiolus upon Din/corides, refer it to the nunSr, or
TOW Theophrafti , in lib. 7. cap. 1 3. as if it was a
kind of wild Hyacinth ; but in the place cited,
Thcophraflus gives us neither its Form nor Quali-
ties, but barely the Name; but I fuppofe they
might attribute it to be a Species of fome of
thofePlams, becaufeofits BulbousRoot. Gefner
firft of all, and after him Camerarius , Cluftus and
Lobe/, with many others fince, refer it to the Saty-
rion Dio/corides, which feems to be the very truth
it felf, for thefe following Reafons. I. From its
place of Growing ; for that it grows frequently and
plentifully in many parts of Greece , and the LeJJer
Afia, and fo no doubt could not but be fufficiently
known both to Thcophraflus and Diofcorides.

II. from the Perm of the Plant. The Satyrion
Diofcoridis commonly bore three Leaves on 3 Stalk,
not much unlike to a Lilly ; (ours has fometimes
three, rarely fourorfive ; ) whereof fome are often-
times feen ro be red in the firlt Springing, and alfo
upon the Decaying, efpecially in a diy time, and a
dry Ground. III. fromthe form of the Root. Diofco-
riaes's Satyr ion has a round Root, and as white with-
in as the white of an Egg, as the Tulip has, cove-
red with a brown Coat, having a fweetilli, but not
unpleafant Talte. IV. prom the form of its flower.
Thofe which have red Flowers, may very well
agree with that Species called Erytbromum , which
fee in Matthiohts upon Diofcorides, page 637. and
Bodtcus his Comment on Thcophraflus , f ib. 9.
page 1 1 7 1 . which Camerarius in his Epitome, l_obel
and others, call Lilio-Narciffus, becaule it has fome
reiemblance of the Lily in the Leaf, Flower and
Seed ; and the NarciJJus or Daffodil in its Root.
V. prom the Qualities. For 'hat lome very Learned
Phyfitians have affirmed to me, and that from Ex-
perience (as they fay,) that the Tulip Roots have
the fame Virtues which Diofcori Jet’s Satyriott, and
Theophraftus' s Herba quam Indus attulerat have,
and that not inferior to the fame. The greateft
difference with Diofcorides, is in the Seed, which
yet I think, (confidering the ufual way of fpeak-
ing) is none at all : For, as he fays, it is fomething
like to Lin/eed ; fo we often fay of many other
things, which are fir from being exaftly like the
fame. The Seed of the Tulip is iiattiih," hard and
(hilling, and agrees well enough (generally fpeak-
ing,) to flax or Linfeed-, alrho’ of another Color,
and larger as Diofcorides himfelf fays : But if there
fhould be a miftake in the Writing of a/.., Lini,
flax, for Keiv. vel rieivu, Lilij, Lilly , (as was eaiy
in Coppying Manufcripts, belbre the Myllery of
Printing was invented ; ) the flip ot the Pen being
botheafy and likely,) then it is out of all doubt,

that

1182 Salmon’/ Herbal. Lib. I.

that thefe two Plants, or Plant going by two Names,
viz. Satyrion and Tulipa, are ablolurely one and
the fame. VI. Laftly , if this Our Tulip, be not
the true Satyrion of Dio/corides , we know nothing
this Day in the World that can anfwer to it, which
has but one fingle Bulb as this has * the Tefticuli
being in truth, nothing of kin to ic. There are,
(as Authors will have it) three remarkable Kinds
of the Tulip, (which yet have only refpeft to the
time of their Flowering ^ ) viz. i. The Pracox , or
Pracoces, which the Turks call Caff a Pale. 2. The
Media, or Media, the middle Flowering Tulips.
3. The Serotina, or Serotina, the late Flowering
Tulips, which the Turks call Cava Pale. All
thefe Dalechampius calls by the name of Oulada,
and we only Tulips . Of thefe three Seafons of
Tulips, rhere are many Varieties , of all which,
one General Defcription will be enough to give you
the full ol all thole various Flowers-, after which,
we will give you the Principal of all thofe Varie-
ties. 1 . As they were more Antiently taken notice
of, and the Names they were then known by,
from Mr. Parkinfon. 2. As they are now fpeci-
fred, and the modern Names they are called by,
from Mr. Rea. Thefe Varieties chiefly arife from
their diverfities of Colours, produced by their often
Sowing of their Seed, Planting and Re-planting
them, which various Colourings feem to be admi-
rable in them, beyond what can be found in any
other Flower in the World belides ^ every Year
y ielding a new mixture and variety, which polTibly
was never feen or obferved before. The Mediae,
which Flower between the early and late Flower-
ing, fome will not have to be a Species by it felf,
becaufe they nearer partake with the Serotina thau
with the Pracoces , as well in the color of its Leaf,
being of the fame Greennefs, as in the bignefs and
height of its Stalk and Flower, being as high and
large as the Serotina -, as alfo becaufe the Seed of
a Media Tulip, never brings forth a Pracox , but
many times a Serotina -, as again, a Serotina Seed
many times brings forth a Media Tulip, never a
Pracox . But becaufe the Media Tulip is taken as
a Species by molt Authors, we (hall not here break
the Order, but treat of them as they are generally
received.

The General Defcriptions.

111. Its Root being well grown is round, and fome-
icbat great , fmall and pointed at the top, and broad-
er, yet rounder at tbe bottom -, with a certain emi-
nence, or bunching out on one fide, as the Root of the
Colchium has , but not fo long or great -, it has alfo
an hollownefs on the fide, ( if it has born a plower )
where the Stalk grew : F or tho 5 in the time of its
firft Springing up, until it f hews its Buds for Flow-
ers, the Stalk which with the Leaves thereon, rife
up out of the middle of the Root yet when the Stalk
is rifen up, and fhews the Bud for Flowers, it
preffes to one fide, making an impreffion therein.
This Root is covered over with a brownifh thin
Coat or Skin like an Onion, having a little woolli-
nefs at the bottom, but white and firm within -, yet
compofcd of many Coats, one clofing in, or enfold-
ing within another , like as the Root of a Daffodil,
or Narciffus, of a reafonable good Tafie, not very
fweet, but not m the leaf unp/eafant. From this
Root comes a little Sprout out of the Ground, with
its Pcaves folded one within another. The firft, or
lowcfi Peaf r if, es up firft, fharp pointed, and folded
up round together , until it be an Inch or two above
the Ground, which then opens it felf, fhewing ano-
ther Leaf folded alfo in the Bojom or Belly of the

firft, which in lime l ike wife opening it felf, thru ft s
forth a third, and fometimes a fourth and fifth
The lower Peaves are larger than the upper, are
fair, thick, broad, long, and hollow like a Gutter,
and fometimes crumpled on the edges, which will
hold Water falling thereon a long time-, they are of
a Willow , or pale whitifh green color, ( but the
Media: and Serotina:, more green ) covered over as
it were with a Mealinefs, orhoarinefs, with an Eye
or fhew of rednefs towards the bottom of the Pcaves,
and the edges being more notably white, ( which are
two principal Notes in a Precox, and diftinguifh it
from a Media or Serotina.) The Stalk with the Flow-
er, rifes up in the middle, as it were thro* thefe
Pcaves, which in time ft and one above another, en
compajjing it at certain unequal diftances, which is
often obferved to bend it felf crookedly, fo as to look
towards the Ground, as if it would thruft its Head
thereinto , but turning up its Head again, wf§kh
then comes to be the Flower, J lands afterwards up-
right : This Stalk is in the Precox fometimes but
3 or 4 Inches high, fometimes half a Foot, and fome-
times a Foot high -, but in the Media: and Serotina:,
much higher, carrying for the moft part , but one
Flower on the top thereof, not much unlike a Lilly,
confifting of fix Peaves, green at the firft , and af-
terwards changing into divers and f undry colors,
making manifold Varieties. The bottoms of the
Leaves of the Pracox, fometimes , but moft efpeci -
ally of the Media:, being as variable as the Flower,

The T U L I P.

which are in fome yellow or green , or black -, in
others white , blew, purple, or tawney -, and fome-
times one color circling another. Some of thefe
Flowers have little or no Smell at all, fome fmell
better than others , and fome fmell Sweet. After
it has been blown three or four Days or more, it will
in the heat of the Sun fpread it felf open, and lay it
Jeff, dlmoft flat to the Stalk. In the midft of the
Flower grows a lone, green Head or Point le, ( which
will be the Seed Veffel,) compaffed about with fix
Chives , which%ary very much, in being fometimes
of one color, and fometimes of another, tipt with
Pendents diver fly varied likewife. This Head in

the

9

Chap, 7 1 ^

Herbs

li

the middle of the ¥ lower, grows ( after the blower
is fallen ) to be long , round and edged , as it were
with three Angles or Sides , the edges meeting at
the top where it is fmallefl , and making as it were
a Crown , ( which is not feen in the Head of any
Lilly ; ) which when it is ripe , divides its Jelf on
the injide , into fix rows of flat , thin, brownifh ,
griflly Seed , very like unto the Seed of Lillys, but
brighter , fliffer and more tranfparent. Something
more is to be faid of the Tulip, which take in the
following Obf ervat ions.

IV. ObJ. i. All forts of Tulips ufually bear but
one Stalk, and that without any Branches ; but
fometimes Nature is fo free in producing, that it
has two or three Stalks, and fometimes two or
more Branches out of one Stalk, each Stalk or
Branch bearing one f lower at the top, but this is
very rarely feen ; and when it does happen once,
it is* hardly ever feen again from the fame Root;
but is a great Sign, that fuch a Root being now
old, will in the lame Year divide itlelf into feve-
ral Roots, each of which, being of a reafonable
greatnefs, will bear both its Stalk and Flower the
next Year, agreeing with the Mother-Plant in co-
lor, as all the Oft lets of Tulips do for the molt
part : For altho’ the young Olf-fets of fome do
vary from the main Root, even whilft it grows
with them, yet being feparated, it will be of the
fame color with the Mother-Plant.

V. Obfl 2. There grows oftentimes in the
Mediae, and fometimes alfo in the Pracoces, tho’
but feldom, a lmall Bulb or Root, hard above
Ground, at the bottom of the Stalk, and between
it and the lower Leal, which when the Stalk is
dry, and is ripe, being put into the Ground, will
bring forth in time, a flower like unto the Mother-
Plant, of which it came.

VI. ObJ. 3. The flowers alfo of Tulips con-
lift commonly of fix Leaves ; but fometimes they
are feen to have 8 or io, or more Leaves ; but
ufually thofe Roots bear but their ordinary num-
ber of fix Leaves the next Year. The Head tor
Seed, is then for the moft part four fquare or cor-i
nered, which at all other times is but three corner-
ed ; or when the flower wants a Leaf or two, as
fometimes alfo it does, it is then fiat, having but
two corners or edges.

VII. ObJ. 4. The form of the Flower is alfo
very variable, for the Leaves of fome Tulips are
all fharp pointed, or all blunt and round pointed ;
and fome, the three outermoft, fharp pointed, and
the three inner round pointed, and fome contrari-
wife. Again, fome have all the Leaves of the
Flowers, long and narrow ; and fome again have
them broader and fhorter. Some Pracoces have
their Flowers very large and great, equal to thofe
of the Medice or Serotince , which molt commonly
are the largett ; and others have them as lmall as
the Bolonia Tulip.

VIII. Obf. 5;. The bottoms of the Leaves of
the Flowers are alfo variably diverfified, and lb
are both the Chives and Pendents which hang loofe
on their tops within : And by the difference of the
bottoms or Chives, many Flowers are diftinguifh-
ed, which otherwife are very like in color, and
alike alfo marked.

IX. Obf. 6. In the Smell alfo there is fome
diverfity ; for that the Flowers of fome have no
Smell at all, fome a fmall Scent, not offenfive ;
fome a little fweetifh, and fome very fweet : And
fome again have a ftrong ill Smell ; which are not
to be diftinguifhed by Writing, but by ones own
fmelling to them. The Seeds of fweet fuelling
Plants, many times do not follow their Mother-
Plants, no mote in their fmell, than they do in
their color.

X. Obf 7. When the Flower has been for fe-
veral Years of one intire color, yet afterwards it has
altered very much, as if it had not been the fame
riant , as from a Purple or Stamel , it has been
variably either parted or mixed, or ftriped with
white, either in part, or thro’ the whole Flower *
and fo in a red or yellow, that it has had either
red or yellow edges, or red or yellow Spots of
bereaks, Veins, Lines or Flames, running thro’ the
red or yellow color; fometimes three Leaves have
been equally parted in the middle with red and
yellow, the other three remaining of one color :
In fome the red has fome vellow in it ; and the
yellow fome red Spots in it alfo. Thefe Varieties
proceeding from fuch Roots as had been for feve-
ral Years of one conftant color, fhew the weak-
nefs and decay of thofe Roots; and that this ex-
traordinary Beauty of the Flower, is but as the
Blaze of a Light, or Candle juft upon its going
out ; and by this means declares to them, that it
is upon taking its tore toe//, and can do no more
fervice.

XL Obf. 8. That the chief differences (fetting
afrde the Seafons of Flowering) confilt in the Form
and Magnitude of the Leaves, as fome great and
large, fome fmaller-, fome long and pointed,
others broad and blunt. 2. In the colors, with
their feveral mixtures, marks, and variablenefs of
changing, as has been before declared. This large
. Defcription , with the Obfervations appendent to
it, may well ferve for all the Seafons of Tulips,
whether Prucoccs , Mediae or Serotinu, concerning
their fpringing up, form and bearing; there being
no other great Varieties belides worth the noting.

XII. Mr. Rea deferibes the Tulip after this man-
ner, in his i/ora, pag. 47. The Roots are fome
rounder and bigger than others , t thofe bottoms are
large, round, with a woolly eminence on one fide ,
whence the Fibres come forth-, and on the other fide
of fuch as have born Flowers, there is a hollow
Channel where the Stalk grew, which Tearly fhifts
from fide to fide, arifwg every Hear a new from
■ ‘he aforefaid eminence, which is in the bottom of
every Root, but more in fome than in others. Thefe
Roots are fharp at their upper end, and if they will
bear Flowers the next Fear are forked, and fhew
forth two Points to put forth two Leaves ; but if
they will not bear Flowers, then they appear but
with one Point : Thefe Roots are aljo compojed of
feveral thick Skins, folded one upon another , and
at lafl are covet ed with a brown Coat, which is eve-
ry Fear renewed, the old being caft rff. Thefe, whe-
ther they be the Przcoces, Mediz or Serotinz,
fpnng out of the Ground with Leaves folded one
within another , and opening by degrees become
broad, thick , long and hollow, turning up their
edges, and holding Water falling thereon ; com-
monly three in number, but fomet imes in old Rooted
Plants four or five, of a whitifh green color, with
whiter edges, chiefly in the Przcoces, by which they
are known from the Mediz or Serotinz , whofe
Leave Hare of a frejher green. The Stalk with the
Flower, comes up in the middle of the Leaves, which
rife up with it, and encompafis it at unequal dt dan-
ces, many of the Przcoces beading to the Ground,
but before they Flower, are drawn upright by the
Sun, as all the reft are. They all bear ( ufually )
but one Flower on a Stalk, which Stalk in the Prz-
coces is not above a Foot high, and many of them
lower, but in the Mediz and Serotinz much higher,
ftands upright , and at its top heu a Flower compo-
fed of fix Leaves, green at fir ft andclofed, which
by the influence of the Sun Beams opens, changes
into divers Glorious colors varioufly mixed, edged ,
ftriped, feathered, guarded , agoltei, marbled, fla-
ked

1184 Salmon j Herbal. Lib. 1

ked, fpecklcd even to admiration : the Leaves of
fome of them being round pointed , fame Jharp
pointed and in fome Flowers, the one half of the
Leaves are round pointed , the other half Jharp
pointed , three of one fafhion , three of another .
The color of the bottoms and Chives , especially in
the Media and Serotinz, do alfo notably differ one
jrom another •, for in fome they will be white , yel-
l: to. Straw color and in others blew , black, or
purple , deeper or lighter. Some Flowers will be
fweetcr than others , and many of them have little
or no ftnell at all. In their middle is a long green
Head , commonly three cornered , which is the Seed
Vejfel, compared about with 6 Chives , tipt with Pen-
dent s , in color anfwerable to the bottom , which of-
ten changes for when a red or purple Flower ,
has a blew or dark colored bottom and Chives ,
marked well with white , the bottom will be white
alfo , the faid bottom running up into the Leaves ,
which is a prime caufe of their being well marked •,
but the Chives remain without alteration •, by which
the Flower may be known thro ’ all its various mu-
tations, the rule holding certain in mofl of the bejl
Flowers. After the Flower is fallen, the Seed Vcf
fcl grows bigger , rounder , and longer, containing
ufually fix rows of flat , thin , brown griflly Seed.
The grrated difference is in their Flowers, from
the diverfity of their colors, order of marking,
bottoms. Chives, bignefs, fafhion , and manner ef
growing the which in what follows, fhall be par-
ticularly expreft, whereby each Flower by its Name
and Face, may be known and difiinguifhed. As the
Tulip is a fiately Flower, fo it has been, and is
much efleemed $ and one Root has been fold with
us at all Prices , from a Penny to five Pounds : But
in other Countries where they are more affctled with
them, at much higher Rates ; infomuch that Thirty
Pounds have been given for a Root •, but that heat
is now much abated, considering how great a Folly
it was to dote upon a Flower, efpecially one that war
fo apt to change, and fubjetl to degenerate.

XIII. Obfcrvations. 1. The Tulip is a Plant
whofe Eulb is of a whitifh brown outwards, al-
mofl round, and compofed of feveral l'mall white
coverings, which are laid one upon another, from
which Bulb comes forth pretty large Leaves, of
about 6 Inches or more, long, waved on their edges,
and ending in a Point * out of whofe middle, comes
lorrh a Sralk a Foot more or lefs, long, which at
its top produces a Flower, in form of a Cup, fome-
times of one color, fometimes of another, which
has fix Leaves, in whofe middle rifesup a Pointel,
(with fix Chives about it,) which in time becomes
an oblong Fruit, opening on three fides, with fix
rows, fill’d with flat Seeds, of a roundifh Figure,
and reddifh color. 2. Of the fix Leaves of the
Flowers, the three innermoft are generally larger
than the three outward ones, and their form if it
is flat, is fnore Beautiful than when fharp, and
their bottoms ought alfo to be proportion’d to
their tops ^ where alfo the Cup is leaft Convex,
it is preferrable to that which is very m§ch fo.
3. If its form and green are of a middling bignefs
it is good, as well as when they have a requifite
largenefs -, fo alfo if its green is a little frizled, or
accompanied with fmall flreaks. Its bottom is al-
fo much taken notice of, becaufothe Stripes which
arife from thence, are generally the fineft colors.
And therefore a Tulip is not to be judg’d of at
its firft opening •, you ought to wait 2 or 3 Days,
before you can judge righrly of it. 4. If it opens
with its Leaves turned either inwards or outwards,
Vis not to be valued, no more than when its Leaves
are too fmall or too thin : And of the better forts
of Tulips , thofe are moft to be efleemed, whofe

color is Lultrous, and looks like Sattin ; or of a
flame colour’d Red upon a white Ground ; of di-
vers colors with Shadings, and yellow ftriped
with gray. 5. Thofe Tulips look only agreeable
to the Eye, whofe Stripes are not coDfufedly blen-
ded, but are well or manifeftly feparated one from
another *, and to add to their perfection, it is ne-
ceflary their Thrums fhould be of a brown color,
but ’tis no matter how their Chives are. Thele
Flowers are fometimes incommoded with Difeafes,
but ’tis only for want of Care, for if they are well
managed or lookt after, they are never fubjeff to
any defeff.

I. OftbeVR&COCES:

0 R,

Early TULIPS.

XIV. Haring thus done with the General De-
scriptions, we will now proceed to a more parti-
cular relation of the feveral Varieties, under their
Several Sei>Sons, or times ef flowering : And firll
of the Trcecoces, or Early flowering Tulips, which
are either white, purple, ted or yellow; of which

The Early Tulip.

thofe of the firll or more common fort, are called
Edgers, and are either Red, Carnation , Crimfon or
Scarlet, deeper or paler, with yellow, Straw color,
or white edges ; or elfe fadder or paler Violet!
Graydeline, or Murry Purple, with greater or lef-
fer white edges, of which there are multitudes of
diverfities, many of them now not much efleemed;
of which we will give you fome of the bell, and
then a plentiful Variety of thofe of the other and

better

Chap* 713. Unglijh Herbs . 1185

better forts, which tho’ they may be of the fame
or like colors, yet notably differing in their
Marking, being either ftriped, feathered, or vari-
ably marbled, with two or more colors in each
Flower and this we fhall (God willing) perform,
thro’ all their Seafons of Flowering. I. From Par-
kinfon , that you may know their more Ancient Ap-
pellations and Varieties. II. From Mr. J Rea, that
you may know their prefent Appellations, and the
Varieties which are now molt efteemed with our
Florifts •, and are as follows.

Tulipa Pracox alia :

White Early Tulips.

XV. 1 .A Uvea tota inter dum pupureis Flami-
nibus , vel Saltern lute Is, j undo puro luteo. The
pure Snow white, fometimes with Purple, or at
leaft with yellow Chives, without any yellow
bottom.

XVI. 2. Alba five nivea /undo luteo. The
pure White with a, yellow bottom.

XVII. 3. Albida. The Milk white, (which is
not a pure white.)

XVIII. 4. Alba, Csrulek in dorfo. White,
with blew Veins on the outfide.

XIX. 5. Alba, purpureis oris, confans vel
difpergens. White, either conftant or Spreading,
with Purple edges.

XX. 6. Alba c on ft an s , vel difpergens. Camels
oris. Conftant, or spreading White, with blufh
edges.

XXI. 7. Alba conjtans, vel difpergens fangui-
neis oris. A Conftant or fpreading White, with
red edges.

XXII. 8. Alba oris magnis carneis, if venis
intro r efficient ib us. White, with great blufh
edges, and fome Streaks running from the edge in-
wards.

XXIII. 9. Alba extra , carnet vero colons in-
tus , or as habens cameos faturatiores. White with-
out, and fomewhat Blufh within, with edges of a
deep blufh.

XXIV. 10. Albida, oris rubris , vel oris pur-
pureis. Whitifh, or pale white, with red or pur-
ple edges.

XXV. II. Albida, purpurafcentibus maculis
extra, intus vero carnet vivacijfimi. Whitifh with-
out, with fome purplifh Veins and Spots, and of
a lively blufh within.

XXVI. 12. Alba purpureis maculis afperfa
extra, intus vero alba purpurantibus oris. White
without, fpotted with fmall purple Spots, and
white within with purple edges.

XXVII. 13. Dux alba, coccineis if albis vari-
ata FlaminA , a medio ad oras intercurf antibus.
A white Duke, parted with white and crimfon
Flames, from the middle of each Leaf to the
edge.

XXVIII. 14. Princejfa, Argent eis colons ma-
culis purpurafcentibus. The Princefs of a Silver
color, with fine deep blufh Spots.

XXIX. 15. Regina Pulcberrima, albis if fan-
guineis afperfa radiis If punttis. The moft Beau-
tiful Queen Flower, fprinkled with Blood red
Spots and Strakes.

Ti 'dipa Pracox Purpurea *

Purple Early Tulips.

XXX. 1 6. Purpurea fatura rubefcens, vel
Violacea. A deep ieddifh Purple, or more Violet
coloured,

XXXI. 17. Purpurea Pallida, Columbina ditta.
Pale purple, called a Dove color.

XXXII. 18. Perfici colons Saturt. A deep
Peach bloom color.

XXXIII. 19. Perfici colons pattidioris. A
more pale Peach bloom color.

XXXIV. 20. Pceoni<e Floris colons . A Peony
Flower color.

XXXV. 21. Rofea. The Rofe coloured Tulip.

XXXVI. 22. Cbermeftna peramatna. A Crim-
fon very bright.

XXXVII. 23. Cbermeftna parum firiata. A
Crimfon ftriped with a little white.

XXXVIII. 24. Princeps, purpurea faturatior,
vel dilution, oris albis magnis vel parvis, j undo
luteo, vel albo Or be, qu£ multum varicatur, if co-
loreif oris, it a ut purpurea eft elegans oris magnis
albis, dill a eft, Princeps excellens. Prince, or
moft excellent Prince, having a deep or pale Pur-
ple with white edges, greater or fmaller, and a
yellow bottom, or circled with white, varying
much both in the Purple and Edges ^ fo that it is
a fair deep Purple, with great white edges.

XXXIX. 25. Princeps Columbina , purpurea
dilution. The Dove colored Prince, paler purpled,
with white edges.

XL. 26. Purpurea C1)ermefina, rubicundioris
colons, albidis , vel albis oris. The Purple Crim-
fon colored Prince of a rubicund color, with white,
or whitifh edges.

XU. 27. Purpurea , vel Obfoleta albidis oris
Princeps Brandon. The Obfolet Brandon Prince,
purpled with white edges.

XLII. 28. Purpurea diluta, oris dilutions pur-
purei colons. A dilated or pale Purple, with pa-
ler Purple edges.

XLIII. 29. Purpurea in exterioribus , carnei
vero ad medium intus, oris albis , f undo luteo.
Purple without, and Blufh half way within, with
white edges and a yellow bottom.

XLIV. 30. Purpurea albo plum at a extra , oris
albis, intus purpurafcens,fundo luteo, vel or be albo.
Purple feather’d with white on the outfide, with
white edges, and pale Purple within, the bottom
a little yellow, or circled with white.

XL V. 3 1 . Purpurea alia, minus elegans plumata,
minoribufque oris albidis. Another Purple feather’d,
but not fo elegantly or fairly plumed, being more
obfcure, with lefler white edges.

Tulipa Pratox Ruhr a j

The Early Red Tulip.

XLVI. 32. Rubra vulgaris f undo luteo, if ali-
quando Nigro. The common or ordinary red Tulips
with a yellow bottom, and fometimes with a
black.

XLVII. 33. Rubra fatura oris hit eis parvis,
ditto, Roan. The Roan, being a deep red, with a
fmall yellow edge.

XL VIII. 34. Baro, rubra magis intenfa, oris
lute is parvis. The Baron, which is a fair Red,
with a fmall edge of yellow.

7 M XLIX, 3*.

1 1

86

Salmon / Herbal Lib. I,

XL IX. Dux major C? minor , rubra magi s
ant minus elegans Jatura , oris luteis maximis vel
minoribus , Lf fundo luteo magno. A Duke, great-
er and letter, having a more or lefs fair deep red,
greater or letter edges, and a great yellow bottom.

L. 36. Alia a/ijs eft mag is amtxna. in alijs eti-
dhi furnlo Kigro , vel obfcuro viridi. Some others
of this fort, which are much more or lefs fair
than others, and fame which have alfo a black, or
dark green bottom.

LI. 37. Duciffa , qua duci ftmilis, at plus lutei
qtuhn rubri , oris magnis luteis , G? rubor c magis at
minus , intus in gyrum afto, fundo item luteo magno.
The Dutchefs, which is like unto the Duke, but
more yellow than red, with greater yellow edges,
and the red more or lefs circling the middle of the
flower on theinfide, with a large yellow bottom.

LII. 38. Dux Briancion , qua rubra Sanguinea
Jatura , aut minus rubra , oris P all adis , magnis vel
parvis , <z/i<2 (r//7x mg/x aut minus elegans diverfi-
modo. A Briancion Duke, which is a fair deep
red, oriels red, with a paler yellow, or Butter co-
lored edge, fome larger, others fmaller. Some
alfo more pleafing than others, in a very variable
manner.

LII I. 39. Flamhans ex rubor e Gf t lave dine ra-
diata flriata fundo luteo. A Flambant, differing
from the Du rebels, this having no fuch great yel-
low edge, but (freaks of yellow thro' the Leaf,
unto the very edge.

LIV. 40. Mali Aurantij color is, ex ruborc ,
Gf Flavedine integre , non Jeparatim mixta , oris
luteis parvis , vel abfque oris. The Orange colo-
red, which is a reddilh yeilow, or red and yellow
equally mixed, with l'mall yellow edges, and
fometimes without yellow edging.

LV. 41. Mini], five Cinnabar is color is, qu£ ex
purpurea rubedtne, Of tlavedine radiata, unguibus
luteis, Gf aliquando oris. A Minium, Cinnabar, or
Vermilion colored Flower, which is a purplifh red
ftreamed with yellow, the bottom yellow, and
fometimes the edges.

LVI. 42. Rex Tuliparum, qax ex Sanguineo G?
Aureo radiatim mixta, a Fiammca diver J a , fundo
luteo, orbe rubro. The King flower, which is a
Crimfon, or Blood-red, lfreamed with a .Gold yel-
low, differing from the Flambant the bottom yel-
low circled with red.

LV11. 43. Tunica Morionis, qiu ex rubor e Gf
aureo Jeparatim divifa. The Fools Coat, which
is parted with red and yellow Guards.

T ulipa Vracox Lutes ;

The I arly Yellow Tulip.

LVIII. 44. Lute a Aurea five Flava Aurea in-
tenja. A fair Gold Yellow without mixture.

L1X. 45. Pallida Lute a, five Straminea. A
pale yellow, or Cream color, or Straw color.

LX. 4 6. Aurea, oris rubicindis. A fair Gold
yellow, with Rubicund, or reddifh edges.

LX1. 47. Straminea oris rub/ is. A Straw co-
lor with red edges.

LXII. 48. Aurea, rubor e perfufa extra. A
fair Gold color, being reddifh on the outfide only.

LX II I. 49. Aurea, vel magis pallida, ruborc
in Gyrum aft a fimillima Duci (fie, mfi mimes r ube di-
nts habet. A paler Gold yellow, circled on the
infide with a little red, very like the Dutchefs , but
that u has lefs red therein.

LXIV. 50. Aurea, rubri s extremitatibus diet
pot eft, Morionis PiUus Pracox. A Gold yellow with
red Tops, and may be called the early Fools Cap.

Tulips Eracoces :

0 r ,

Early Tulips, according to

Mr. REA.

Lxv. I . A dmiral Crinki. It Is in all reMs
like the C cm Heart, but mote condantlv vv-11
marked with white.

O fXVI, r 2\A.J":'ral Encufen. It lias a weak
Stalk and fmall Fiower, with (harp pointed Leaves
dpt with ( ritnfon, and leather’d with white • the
bottom white, with pale yellow; Nails and Chives

LX VII. ?. Aurora, or Grenfeg. This is ano-
ther good Flower, oi a rich Carnation color ■ well
Itriped and marked with white; the bottom and
Chives ot a pale yellow.

LXVIJI 4 Aurora van Bart. It js 3 well
formed early Flower, variably marked vt-ith red and

htte, and much elteemed; the bottom and Chives
of a pale yellow.

LX1X A/oetut It is oneof the lad of the
early Tulips, and well elteemed ; the Leaves are
narrow, ot a very good purple color, well itriped
with Snow while ; the bottom and Chives of a
blew rurple.

, {-XX 6- Bo/iavcntura. It is a very good ear-
ly Tulip. 0

LXXI. 7. Brandenburgb. It is a middle Siz’d
Flower, the tops ot the Leaves of a PeateBlotlom
color, and the tides trom the middle to the bot-
tom, white with yellow Chives.

LXXII. 8, Brun Morcfco. It is a pretty plea-
finS “rty Tuhp, and by fome much elteemed
, U50UII.9. Chius Precox. It is another ear-
ly Tulip, ot good account.

LXX1V. 10. Corn Heart. It is a fmall low
Flower, Carnation Itriped, and marked with white
but leldom enough white; the bottom and Chives
ot a pale yellow, as in molt of the early Tulips.

LXXV. 11 . Clerement. In the manner of its
growing, it is like the Religious, the Stalk drong
and the Flower large 5 fometimes prettily marked
with deep Carnation and white, the bottom a»d
Chives both yellow.

LXXVI. 12. Cleremont Paragon. In the man-
ner ot its growing, it is like the lad, but much a
better Flower, morecondantly marked with white
upon a bright blewifh Carnation , this is more
elteemed than the former, by all that have both
Kinds ^ for tho the firft be in many Hands this
is not truly to ; for it is a Trick much ufed by
thole that Sell Flowers about London, to add Pa-
ragon totheNameof any common Flower, when it
comes well marked, and then impofea treble Price.

earlyTulf C,‘mene- It is apretty pleafing

LXXVlli. 14. Dofs deCbamy. Another good
early Tulip, well marked.

LXXiX. 15. Dorado. It is an early Tulin
and by fome much elteemed. "

LXXX. 16. Dutchefs Brandon. It is a fair
large Flower, with long, round pointed Leaves
ot a deep (timing Scarlec color, with deep Butter
colored edges; the bottom large, round, and pale
yellow, with chives of the Lame color.

LXXXI. 17. Eve rf wind. It is both Purple
and whtte, a very pleating early Flower. r

LXXXtL 18. Early PerjeU. It grows fome-
thing taller than the Aurora , or Grenfeg • the
Flower fine Crimfon and white. ’

LXXXIII i?. F«>

Chap. 713. ‘Englijh Herbs . 1 1 87

LXXXIII. 19- Furr airac. It is an upright
Flower, in Ihape like the Clermont, with round
pointed Leaves, marked with great Hakes of white,
and Claret-Wine color ; the bottom white, with
pale yellow Chives-

LXXXIV. 20. E lorifante. It is a low Flower,
molt of a pale Horfe-Flelh color, finely variegated
and marked, with fome Crimfon, and at firlt pale
yellow, which after turns white. It is a little apt
to run, that is, in one or two hot Days to llubber
its Colors, and run one into the other, which takes
away the Beauty of the Flower. The bottom and
Chives are both blew.

LXXXV. 21. General Briancion. It is a ftrong
upright Flower, of a bright Scarlet color, with
even and well parted Butter colored edges, which,
before the Leaves fall, turn white •, the bottom is
of the color of the edges, and the Chives purple.

LXXXVL 22. General Duke. ItFlowers la-
ter than the Winter Duke , and is a fairer and bet-
ter Flower, of a bright red, or Cherry color, with
large and well divided yellow edges ; the bottom
and Chives like thofe of the Winter Duke. There
are feveral forts of Dukes , fome deeper, others
paler, but they are all red with yellow edges-,
of which this and the Winter Duke are elteemed
the belt.

LXXXVII. 22. General Molfinick. It is of
the fame Family with the Admiral Crinki, or Corn
Heart , and of the fame colors, but much better
marked than either of them.

LXXXVIII. 24. Galatea. It is a fine Flower,
of a bright Gredeline color, ftriped with white ;
the bottom and Chives of a pale yellow.

LXXXIX. 25. Gilden Bloom Brentel, andG/7-
ien Bloom Sconie. They may for Variety be enter-
tained, being both large Flowers of pale red colors,
with fome large Stripes of a Gold color thro’ the
Leaves ; the bottoms and Chives of both are
yellow.

XC. 26. Lac Vcrine. It is an early Flower,
and accounted amonglt the bed edgers ; of a fine
blewilh red color, with laige and well parted pure
white edges-, the bottom and Chives a pale yellow.

XCI. 27. Maria. It is a pretty pleafing Flow-
er, of a pale Gredeline color, well ftriped and
marked with white, the bottom and Chives of a
pale yellow.

XC1I. 28. Marquejs. It is a Flower of fmall
Beauty, refpefled only for the ftrangenefs of its
colors, which in this are fad Horfe-Flelh, dark
yellow, and fome Imall Veins of red, confufedly
placed -, the bottom and Chives are both yellow.

XCI1I. 29. Morillion Cramofine. It is an ex-
cellent Flower, much more elteemed than many
others, of a fine bright Crimfon, and pure White ;
finely ftriped, fpotted, and well parted ; the bot-
tom and Chives of a pale yellow.

XCIV. 20. T be Noble. It has Flowers much
better marked with Crimfon and White, in bearing
off Sets and young Roots, than in the old ; whofe
Flowers (tho larger,) are little marked with white,
fcarce appearing to be the Parents of fuch Beauti-
ful Children ; the bottom and Chives are both of a
pale yellow.

XCV. 31. Nonfuch Petits. It is of the Size
and Falhion of the Brandenburg b. The Flower is
of a pale blufh almoft white, prettily marked with
many fmall Stripes, and Specks of Orange Taumey-,
the bottom and Chives of a pale yellow.

XCVI. 2 a- The Omen. It is the laft Flower of
any of the Drtecoces ; has a ftrong upright Stalk,
a fair Flower, large and well formed, of a pale
Ro/e color, with many Veins and marks of Crim-
fon, circling and guarding, and great Stripes of

j white. The bottom and Chives ate both blew,
which is feldom found in a Prucox.

XCV1I. 22- Paragon Iterant. It is a pretty
pleafing early Tulip.

XCVIII. 24- Paragon Grebberi. It is a fine
early Flower, very well ftriped upon Carnation
with white; the bottom and Chives are of a pale
yellow.

XCIX. 3 P alto van Leyden. It ought tobe
the firft of the feathered and variegated Kinds, ir,
lelpeft of Antiquity and Colors, which are red and
yellow. In the younger Roots well placed, fea-
thered and ltriped; but commonly the Flowers of
the older Roots are more yellow than red, and of-
ten all yellow, as the bottoms and Chives are.

C. 2 b. Pcrijhot. It is a ftrong Flower, of a
fair fhining blewilh red color, fometimes well
marked, with greater and lefler Stripes of white
throughout every Leaf ; But if the red has the
Mattery, it will quickly run all over the Flower.
The bottom is white, and the Chives are yellow.

Cl. 37 Pretty Betty. It is a good Edger ■, the
Flower is of a bright Crimfon, with pale Butter
colored edges, which foon turn white. It has a
Star-pointed bottom, of the color of the edges
and blew Chives.

CI1. 38. Princefs. It is fomething like the
Pcrijhot, but of a more blewilh red color ; fome-
times well ftriped and feathered with white. The
bottom and Chives are of a pale yellow.

CIII. 39. Religious. It is a ftrong healthy
Flower, ol a dark red color, with many fmall
Stripes of white, but commonly the red has the
Mattery ; and if the Seafon be hot, will foon run
over the white. The bottom is of a pale yellow,
and the Chives of a dully brown.

CIV. 40. Retrocede. It is an early Tulip, but
of no extraordinary account.

CV. 41. Superintendent. It is a Flower of
good account, rifes higher than ordinarily others
do; the Flower isfair and large, excellently mark-
ed with Violet, Purple and good White : the bot-
tom and Chives being of a pale yellow.

CVI. 42. Ugenia. It is a good, but common
early Tulip.

CVII. 43. Venetian. It is another early Tulip,
but more elteemed than the former.

CVIII. 44. Vice-Roy. It is an old Flower, of
a Violet Purple color, edged, feathered, and ftri-
ped with white : the bottom and Chives of a green-
ifh yellow. They often add Paragon to the Name
of this Flower, as if it were a diftintt Kind ;
when it is but the fame better marked than ufual.

CIX. 45. Violet Ratgans. It is a rcafonable
tall Flower, with a woolly Stalk, and Iharp point-
ed Leaves, of a Violet Purple color, with large
Snow white edges. The bottom and Chives both
yellow.

CX. 4 6. Violet de Remou. It grows taller
than the laft, with a fmooi. Stalk, and a fair large
Flower, of a Rich Violet Purpl ? color, with large
and well divided Snow white edges, a white bot-
tom, and black Chives.

CXI. 47. Unique of Delf. It is a pretty plea-
fing early Tulip.

CXII. 48. Witten-Root Hodie. It is another
good fort of early Tulip.

CXIII. 49 Winter-Duke. It is fo called, in
refpeff that it Flowers commonly in Winter, that
is in February, or before the Tenth of March ; at
which time the Spring begins. Ir has a very low
Stalk, and bears a Ihoit Leav’d Flower, of a deep
red color, with large yellow edges, a round yel-
low bottom, and brown Chives.

7 M 2 II. Tulipr

1 1 88 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

II. TULIPiE MEDIAE,

Middle Flowering Tulips.

Firft from Mr. P ARKINSO N.

CXIV. Tulip* Media, the Middle flowering
Tulips. Thefe begin to Flower about a Month
alter the Early Tulips yet feme longer after, and
fome fooner : And in the variety of the colors of
the Media , fuch Mixtures and Varieties are to be
obferved, which can never be feen in the Pracoces $
as there are fome in the Pracoces , which are
not in the Aledia. But the Varieties in the
Media are far greater, which chiefly happens from
the Sowing of the Seed •, for which Reafoh, it is
very difficult for any one to come to the Knowledge
of all their Diftin&ions j but the moft remarkable
are thefe following.

Tulip £ Medije albce :

The mean Flowering White Tulips.

CXV. i. Nivea , j undo albo vel luteo. The
Snow white Tulip , with a white or yellow bot-
tom.

CXVI. 2. Argent ea, qua ft alba cineracea fun-
do lutefeente , purpureis Staminibus. Silver colo-
red, which is a very pale or whitilh Afh color,
with a yellowifh bottom, and purple Chives.

CXVII. 3. Margaritina alba , cameo dilutijf-
ma. Pearl colored with a diluted blufh.

CXVIII. 4. Alba, f undo caruleo vel nigro. A
white with a blew or black bottom.

CXIX- 5. Albida. Cream colored, or light
Straw colored.

CXX. 6. Alba oris Rubris. A white with Red
edges.

CXXI. 7. Alba oris Purpureis. A white with
Purple edges.

CXXI1. 8. Alba oris Coccincis. A white with
Crimfon edges. Thefe three laft forts do hold
their Edges conftant in fome, but well fpread in
others.

CXXIII. 9. Albida primum , deinde abidior ,
oris Purpureis , Elf venis intro refpicientibus : no-
bis diTta Hackquenay. A pale or whitilh yellow,
which after a few Days grows more white, with
Furplifh red edges, and fome Streaks running in-
wards from the edges, which we call an Hackney-
Tulip.

CXXIV. ro. Alba, colore Sanguinco variata ,
fun do albijfmo vel alio. White, mixed with a
Blood-red color very variably •, the bottom either of
a pure white, or fome other color.

CXXV. IJL. Alba , radiatim difpofita Flammis,
Elf Maculis Coccineis. A White ftreamed with
Crimfon Flames and Spots, throughout the whole
Flower.

CXX VI. 12. Alba, Purpurea rubedine pluma-
ta , diver/ arum fpecierum , qua cum fuperiore,
vel albo, vel luteo , vel parvo caruleo conflant
/undo, &c. A White plumed or fpeckled with a
reddilh Purple, more or lefs, of divers forts, with
white, yellow, or blew bottoms j ^11 which do hold
their Marks conftant, and do not fpread their co-
lors, but Ihew fairer after they have ftood Blown
three or four Days.

CXX VII. 13. Panni Argent ei color is, qua
alba plum at a, punUata, friata, vel diver fimode

variata, rubedine dilutiore , vel faturatiore purpu-
rea, interius vel exterius, vel utrinque diverfa-
rum fpecierum. Cloth of Silver color of divers
forts, that is a white feathered, fpotted, ftriped,
or otherwife marked with red or purple, in fome
paler, in fome deeper, either on the infide, or on
the outfide, or on both.

CXXV III. 14. Tunica Morionis alba varia ,
qua ex albo Elf purpureo Jlriata diver fimode, fundo
albo vel alio. A white Fools Coat of divers forts,
that is of Purple, or pale Crimfon and White, as
it were empaled together, either with a white
bottom, or fome other color, of which there is
great variety.

CXXIX. iy. Holias alba vel albida, abfque
fundo , vel fundo Purpureo caruleo , vel caruleo
albo circundato, diverje fignata , vel variata intus
ad medietatem foliorum, furfum in or bem at pluri-
mum, vel ad oras pertingens amplas Elf alba 9.
A white Holias, that is a fair white or paler
white, either without a bottom, or with a blew-
ifti purple bottom, or blew and white circling the
bottom, and from the middle upwards fpeckled,
and ftraked on the infide for the moft part with
Blood-red. or purplifh Spots and Lines, unto the
very edg«, which abide large and white. Of
this Kind there- are found very great Varieties, not
eafily to Le tffprelfed.

Tulip# MediaVurpure a j Mean
Flowering Purple Tulips.

CXXX. 1 6. Purpurea Satura. A fair deep
Purple Tulip,

CXXXI. 17. Purpurea dilution, diverfarum
fpecierum, quorum Rofea una, Carnea fit altera.
A paler Purple of many forts, of which a Rofe
color is one, a Blufli color another.

CXXXI I. 18. Perfici colons, duarum aut tri-
um fpecierum. A Peach colored, which is of two
or three forts.

CXXXIII. 19. Chermefina, obfeura aut palli-
da. A Crimfon colored, which is either deep,
dull and obfeure, or pale colored.

CXXXIV. 20. Stamela, inten/or aut remiff-
or. A Stamel colored, which is either more dark
or deep, or elfe more cheerful and light.

CXXXV. 21. Xerampclina. A Murrey, which
is a dark brown or Dun red color.

CXXXVI. 22. Purpurea Striata. Purple co-
lored, Striped and Spotted.

CXXX VII. 23. Perfici Saturi, vel diluti co-
lons, undulata, vel radiata. Peach colored, deep-
er or paler, waved, and radiated or ftriped.

CXXXV III. 24. Columbina, oris Elf radijs al-
bis. Dove colored, edged and radiated, or ftraked
with white.

CXXXIX. 25. Purpurea rubra, oris albis,
fimilis Pracoci, Princeps ditfa. A fair red Purple
colored with white edges, like to the Early Tulip,
called the Prince.

CXL. 2 6 . Cbermefina , vel Hehola , Lineis
albis in Medio , Elf verfus oras, fundo caruleo ,
vel albo, itemque albo or be. A fair Crimfon, or

Claret-Wine color with white Lines, both in the
middle and towards the edges •, moft: have a blew
bottom, yet fome are white, or circled with
white.

CXLI. 27. Purpurea remiff or aut intenfior,
oris albisy parvis aut magnis, ut in Principe Pra-
coci j fundo vel caruleo , orbe alba, vel orbe alba
caruleo aitiplo. Purpled light or deep, with whire

edges,

Chap. 713. EngUJb Herbs. n8p

edges, greater or fmaller, like the Early Prince ,
the bottom either blew, circled with white ; or
White circled with a large blew.

CXLII. 28. Holias vel Helvola , Sanguineis
gut t is intits k medio Jurfum in orbem , fundo car u-
leo. A Purple Holias, of a pale Claret - color,
marked and fpotted with Blood-red Spots, round
about the middle of each Leaf, upwards on the
infide only, the bottom being blew.

CXLIII. 29. Tunica Morionis purpurea rubra
fatura , alb i do firiata , quam in alba faturatior ,
fun do ex caruleo C? albo. A Fools Coat, dark
Crimfon and pale White, empaled together dif-
fering from the white Pools Coat , the bottom blew
and white.

CXLIV. 30. Purpurea rubra fatura vel dilu- .
ta , albo , vel albedine , punUata vel finata diver fi-*
mode •, Caryopbyllat a dill a. A Purple colored deep-
er or paler, fpotted or ftriped with a purer or pa-
ler white, of divers forts, called the Gillifiower-
Tulip.

Tulip# Media Rubra : Mean
Flowering Red Tulips.

CXLV. 31. Rubra communis, fundo- Ikteo vel
nigro. The common fair red colored, with a yel-
low or black bottom.

CXLVI. 32. Mali Aurantii colons , A Tulip
of a deep Orange color.

CXLVII. 33. Cinnabar is colons. A Cinnabar
or Vermillion colored Tulip.

CXLVIII. 34. Latent ii colons . A Tulip of a
pale dull red, or of a Brick color.

CXLIX. 35. Rubra luteo afperfa. A Grede-
line, or red fprinkled and mixed with yellow.

CL. 3 6. Teft amentum Brandon, rubra fatura,
oris palladis, diverfarum fpecierum , rubore vari-
antium , Ef orarum amphtudine. Brancion Tefta-
ment of divers forts, differing both in the deep-
refs of the red, and largenefs of the pale colored
edges.

CLI. 37. Rubra oris luteis. A red Tulip with
fmall yellow edges.

CLII. 38. Cinnabaris radiata, magi s aut minus
Serotina. A Vermilion irradiated or flamed, later
or earlier Flowering.

CLIII. 3 9. Rubra purpurafeens obfoleta, foliis
exterioribus , perfufa luteo intus , oris pallidis
luteis. A dead Purplifli red without, or on the
outward Leaves, and of a yellowifh red within,
with pale yellow edges.

CL1V. 40. Rubra purpurafeens elegans extra ,
Ef intus lutefeens, oris pallidis luteis, fun do luteo
vel viridi. A bright Crimfon red on the outfide,
more yellowifh on the infide, with pale yellow
edges, and a yellow or green bottom.

CLV. 41. Rubra flamhans cocci nea , crebris
maculis, abfque fundo. A red flambant, fpotted
thick with yellow Spots, without any bottom.

CLVI. 42. Rubra flambans elegantior, qua ra-
diis luteis, inter cur f antibus rubor em. A more ex-
cellent red Flambant, with Flames of yellow run-
ning through the red.

CL VII. 43. Plambans remifjior, utroque colore.

A more pale colored Flambant in each color.

CLV III. 44. Panni Aurei colons. A Cloth of
Gold colored Tulip.

CLIX. 45. Tunica Morionis verior, feu P alto
du folh optima teniis amplis amcenis Ef crebris, ex
rubro Ef flavo / eparatim divifis Ef excurrentibus,
Flos confians. A true Fools Coat j the belt of which

is a fair red, and a fair yellow, parted into Guards,
every one a part ^ varied through every Leaf to
edge’ yct in moft abiding conffant.

^ • Tunica Morionis altera, teniis mi-
ttonbus O minus frequent ibus, magisaut minus alia
alus lnconftans. Another Fools Coat, not lo fair-
y marked, nor fo much, fome of which are more
or lefs conftant in their Marks, and fome more
variable than others.

47- Tunica Morionis pallida, qua te-
niis vel firiis frequentibus in utroque colore pal li-
dis, Flos efi confians Ef elegans. A pale Fools
Loat, which has many Guards or Stripes with red
and yellow, which are both pale, and is a con-
Itanr and fair Flower.

48- P ileus Morionis , radiis luteis, in
medio Johor urn latis, per rubor em excurrentibus
J undo luteo, apic ibus luteis, orisrubris , vel abfque
°fls' , f00ls Cap with yellow Stripes, which are
broad in the middle of the Leaves, the red run-
ning quite through the Leaf, with a yellow bot-
tom and yellow Chives ; the three outward Leaves
being vellow, with red edges or without.

CLaIII 49. Le Suifie , teniis radiata maenis ,
ex rubore & pallore. A Swifs radiated with a fair
red, and pale white, or Straw color.

CLXIV. 5 o. Suijfe Goliab, ditta dFloris mag-
nit udine teniis radiata , fwnllima Le Suifie, nili
rubor E? albedo jint elegantiores. The Swifs Go-
113 /l .!? ca^ed fr°m bignefs of the Flower,
molt like to the former Swifs, in the Breaming or
radiated Guards, but that the red and white is
more lively.

CL^V,7.>1, Holias rubra , qua Sanguine a Ar-
genteis radns & guttis in orbem difpofitis prefer-
um . inter ins, fundo viridi faturo. A red Holias
which is a Blood- red, ftriped with Silver white
Veins and Spots, with a dark green bottom.

CLXVI. 92. Holias Coccinea, rubra Coccinea
albo radiata in orbem. Circa medium foliorum inte-
rins, fundo albo. A crimfon Holias, which is a fair
rurplilh red, fpotted with white circle-wife about
the middle of the inner Leaves, with a white
bottom.

CLXVII. 53. Alia buic fimilis, , fundo albo Ef
Laruleo. Another like thereunto, with a blew and
white bottom.

Tulip a Media Tutea : Mean
Flowering Yellow Tulips.

CLXVIII. 5:4. Luted, five Aurea vulgaris.
The common yellow, or Gold colored Tulip.

CLXIX. 55. Sir anunca. The Straw-like, or
Cream colored.

CLXX. %6. Sulpburea. Sulphur colored, or
pale yellowilh green.

CLXXI. 57. Mali Aurantii pallidi colons.
rale Orange colored.

CLXXII. 58. Lutea dilute Purpurea Striata
Aurei Panni palhdi infiar. A yellow, palely pur-
ple Itreaked, or pale Cloth of Gold color.
CLXXIII. Lutea pallid'e Lufcedinc Adum-

brata. A Cream or Cuftard colored pale yellow
madowed over with a brown. ’

CLXXIV. 60. F/ava oris rubris magnis , aut
parvis. A gold yellow with red edges, greater or
Idler.

CLXXV. 6 1. Straminea oris rubris magnis in-
tends, vel parvis remijfs. A Straw color with
deeper or paler red edges, great or fmall. ’

CLXXVI. 62, Obfcuraff Puhginofa lutea, in-

ftar

1190 Salmons Herbal. Lib. Ic

ftar fo/ij decidui, ideoque folium Mortuum appel-
Uhir. A Sullen or Smoaky yellow, like a. dead
fallen Leaf, and therefore called the Dead Leaf.

CLXXVII. 6%. Wave, rubore perfufa, etiam-
que Striata per totum dorfo Coccineo , oris palladis.

A yellow (haded with red, and ftriped alfo thro’ all
the Leaves, the back - Tides of them being of a
Crimfon, and the edges pale.

CLXXVIII. 64. Lutea pallide perfufa , magis-
que aut minus rubore ftriata , fundo vel luteo vel
viridi. A pale yellow, (haded and ftriped with
ted, in Lome more, in Lome Ie(s, the bottom being
either yellow or green.

CLXXIX. 6;. T eftamcntum Clufij ; qua: lu-
tea pallida fuligine obfufca , extends & interims,
ad or as ufque pallidas , per totum vero p/oris
Medium , macuhs intends afperfa. Clufius’r
Teftament, which is a (hadowed pale yellow,
both within and without, with pale yellow edges,
and fpotted round about the middle on the infide,
as all other Holia' s are -, the back of the Leaves
being more obfcure, or (haded with pale yellow,
with a green bottom.

CLXXX. 66. flambant lutea , diverpmode in-
tus magis aut minus ftriata, vel in a/iis extra ma-
culate rubore, fundo at plurimum nigro , vel in aliis
luteo. A yellow Flambant of divers forts, in
which the whole Flower more or lefs, is ftreamed
or fpotted on the infide; and in fome, on theout-
fide with red, the bottom in mod being black,
yet in fome yellow.

CLXXXI. 67. E 'lambans pa/lidior Ida clegan-
tior. A paler yellow Flambant, but more fair or
Beautiful.

CLXXX1I. 68. Hollas lutea intcnfior idf re-
mifpor divcrftmodi , in orbem radiata intends, ru-
ins maculis ad fupremas ufque or as, aliquot ies
crebr't alias parse, fundo viridi, vel tanetto obfcu-
to. A yellow Holias, paler or deeper yellow, very
variable, fpotted on the infide round about the
middle with red, fometimes more plentifully, |
fometimes more Iparingly, with a green or dark
tawny bottom.

CLXXXIII. 69. Holias Strammea , rubore
ftriata (P punHata, infiar Holias alba. An Holias
'Straw colored, ftreamed and fpotted with red, like
as in the White Holias.

CLXXX1V. 70. Tunica Morionis lutea, alus
di3a flammed , in qua color, flayus magis iS>
confpicuus rubore, diverpmode radiata. The yel-
low Fools Coat, of fome called a Flame color, in
which the yellow is more than the red, diverfly
ftreamed.

Tulip# Media Virides : Mean
Flowering Green Tulips.

CLXXXV. 71. Prima Viridis intenfior, ctijus
Plot femper fere, Semiclaufus manet Staminibus
fimbriatis. The firft of a deep Green, having a
great Flower, yet leldom opening it felf, but abi-
ding always almoft half (hut up and clofed,
the chives being as it were feathered.

CLXXXV1. 72. Altera rcmiffior, inftar Ppt-
taci pennarum Viridium , luteo variata oris albis.
Another of a paler or yellowith Green, feathered
with yellow,' and is called the Parrot with white
edges.

CLXXXVIl. 7 3. Tertia ad hue dilution viri-
date oris purpuras. The third of a more yellow-
i(h green, with ted or purplifh edges.

CLXXXVill. 74. Quart a citjus folia aqua/i-

ter Purpurea dilute , £? Vindale diverfa funt. A
fourth, which has the Leaves of the Flower equal-
ly almoft parted, with green and a light Purple
color, which abiding a long time in Flower, grows
in time to be much fairer marked ; fome call it a
Green Swijfer.

CLXXXIX. 75. Quinta, foliis longiffmisStel
Umodo expanps, ex rubore (P Viridate coaUa.
A Fifth, which has the longeft Leaves, (landing
like a Star, confuting of a mixed Green and Pur
pie color.

Tulip a Media :

Mean Flowering Tulips.

ACCORDING TO

Mr. JOHN REA.

CXC. t. Agat Marine. When it comes well,
it is a pretty Flower, of a dark reddifh color, va-
riably marked with fad Ifabella and Straw color;
the bottom and chives a dark Purple.

CXCI. 2. Agat Robine. It is a long Leav’d
old Flower, of a fullen reddith color, with fome
Flakes and Marks of an over-worn Dove color,
with a whitilh bottom and black chives.

CXCII. 3. Agat de Gorier. A pleafant good
Flower, of a Purple color, mixed with wtiite.

CXCIIL 4. Agat Bizar. It is a deep Orange,
light Flefh color, and pale yellow, with a green-
i(h bottom and black chives.

CXC.1V. 5. Agat Picot. It is a large Flower,
well marked with a pale Rofe color, fome crim-
fon and white ; the bottom and chives blew.

CXCV. 6. Agat Robine Paragon, or Robiner.
It is like the Agat Robine, but much better, of the
fame lad red color ; often well marked with Dove
color, crimfon and white; rhe bottom white, and
chives black.

CXCVI. 7. Agat White. It is like the laft,
but a leffer Flow er, Dove color, well marked with
deep red, inclining to murry and white ; the bot-
tom and chives blew.

CXCVII. 8. Agat Rampard. It is a fine Flow-
er, of a heavy fad Ifabella color, with fome marks
ot Rich crimfon, and great Stripes of yellow, a
dark bottom, with latge black chives.

CXCVIII. 9. Agai Gckeire. It is a low Flow-
er, with long, narrow-, (harp pointed Leaves, of
a color between Horle-Flelh and Ifabella , a little
ftriped with white, blew bottom, and large Pur-
ple chives.

CXC1X. 10. Agat Royal. It is a beautiful
Flower, ftriped, agatted, and varioufly marked
with Rofe color, deep crimfon, and fine white ;
the bottom and chives Purple.

CC. 1 1 • Agat Oriental. It is a good Flower,
finely marked with Rofe color, Gredeline, fome
crimfon and white, the bottom and chives Purple.

CCI. 12. Agat Port Vin, or Pafs Cittadel.
It is an old Flower, with narrow (harp pointed
Leaves, of a pale Gredeline, and Murry purple,
fometimes Agatted, Veined and marked with
white, the bottom and chives blew.

CCII. i? Agat Hanmer.lt is a beautiful Flower
of three good colors, pale Gredeline, deep Scar-
let, and pure White ; common!, well patted, ftri-
ped, agatted, and exceedingly well placed, abiding
conftant to the laft, with the bottom and chives

blew.

rf^hap. 713. Englijb Herb j

blew. This Gallant Tulip has its Name from
Sir Thomas Har.mer , who firft brought it into
England.

CC11I. 14. Agat Dennis, or Argus. It is of
the fame color with the hilt, and like it in the
manner of marking. The chiefeft difference is, that
the Leaves of this are fharper pointed, and not 16
broad as thole- the Gredeline a little redder, and
the Scariet paler-, the bottom and chives blew,
but much inferior to the former.

CC1V. 15. Admiral Vander Toole. It is of
a dark red, inclining to Liver color, feathered and
marked with pale yellow, which one hot Day
turns white; the bottom and chives white. This
is a pleafing Flower, but runs a little at laft.

CCV. 1 6. Admiral Cata/ine. It is an old
Flower, of a bright carnation, fome crimfon, and
conftantly well marked with white.

CCVl. 17. Admiral of Trance. It is like the
Taragon francoife , in color and manner of mark-
ing ; but the Leaves of this twine, and do not
Hand round as thofe of other Flowers. The bot-
tom and chives are blew.

CCVII. 18. Admiral Heart- It is a fine Flow-
er, of a good carnation color, deep crimfon, and
deep white; the bottom blew, and chives black.

CCVIII. 19. Admiral de Alans. It is an old
Flower, of a deep red, ftriped with white, but
flubbered, and not well parted ; befides it is apt to
run : the bottom and chives yellow.

CCIX. 20. Altes Royal. It is fometimes a
pretty Flower, of a deep blew ifh red color, mark-
ed with fome light crimfon and white; but when
the Red has the Mattery, it will quickly run over
the other colors ; the bottom and chives are a
dark blew.

CCX. 21. Aft ana. It was raifed from the
Seed of the Turgiana , from which it differs, ...
that the Leaves are thicker, a purer white from
the firtt opening, and very well marked with big-
ger and letter broken Streaks, and Drops of bright
crimfon : The chives are Purple.

CCXI. 22. Anvers Brown. It is a fair well
formed Flower, of a fad brown purple color, ttri-
ped and marked with l'ome brighter Purple, and
more or lefs white ; the bottom blew, with dark
purple chives.

CCXII. 25. Anvers Blew. It is like the laft,
only the colors are brighter, and the Flower com-
monly better marked.

CCXIII. 24. Althea. It is a very good Flow-
er, compoled of purple and white.

CCXIV. 29. Amidore. It is a fine Tulip ,
pale yellow, well marked with dark cinnamon co-
lor, and the chives purple.

CCXV. 2 6. Amazon. It is a fpecious Flower,
with many good colors.

CCXVI. 27. Arch -Duke Imperial. It is an
excellent Flower, compofed of feveral purples
and white.

CCXVII. 28. Arch de Anckrc. It is almoft
like the former, but not fo noble a Flower.

CCXVIII. 29. Aurora. It is of the color of
a bright clear Morning, a pale yellow, with fome
very Irnall Streams of Red, and brown chives.

CCXIX. 30. Ampbitrio. A fine Tulip , com-
pofed of purple and white.

CCXX. 31. Auguflina. A delicate Flower
compofed of a Violet color and white, varioufly
mixed.

CCXXI. 32. Armiante. It is a good Flower,
flamed with purple and white.

CCXXII. 33. Bel la Bar. It is an old Flow-
er, almoft like the Blew Turnirr , of the lame
color, but more conftantly marked with white.

CCXXIII. 34. Blew Turnier. It has a Flow-
er in form like Envy, the colors are Gredeline,
crimfon and white, but very unconftant, and often
little or no white.

GCXXIV. 35". La Billy. It is a fine Flower,
with variety of colors.

CCXXV. 3 6. Brown de Morris. It is a dull
lad purple,^ but by fome much efteemed.

CCX XVI. 37. Brown Purple Blafack. It isa
hne I lower, compofed of feveral Purples, but the
bro3,n predominant, and marked with white,
ccxxvri, 38. Bel Breire. It has a weak
, , and fma11 flower, of a good crimfon color
well guarded and ftriped with pale yellow which
one hot Day turns white; the bottom and chives
are a pale yellow.

CXX VIII. 3 9. Bel Brutte. It is a fair Flower
ot a dark brown crimfon color, well marked fea-
thered and ftriped with white. The bottom pale
yellow, with large dufty brown chives.

CCXXIX. 40. Brown George. It is a large
round Flower, thick ftriped, and poudered with a
ladder and a brighter Cinnamon color, upon a Dale
yellow with black chives.

■ «*** 41- BienVenu. It is like the Peart
in the falhion of the Flower, but much better • It
IS of a pale carnation color, ftriped and varioufly
marked with white; the tops of the Leaves are of a
pale Ffelh color, and the bottom and chives blew.

CCXXXI. 42. Be/line. It isa fmall weak Stalk-
ed Flower, of a blewifli carnation color a little
marked with white, thebottom and chives blew.

CCXXX1I. 43. Bcneditfine. It is a pretty
Flower, of a bright carnation color, well marked
with white 5 the bottom and chives are of a
dark purple.

CCXXXIII. 44. Be! Pallas of Paris. It is a
better Flower than the ordinary Pallas , is com-
monly well marked, and ftriped upon a blewifli
red, with fome crimfon and more white ; the
bottom and chives blew.

CCXXXIV. 4;. Brown Purple de Morris
It IS an excellent fair Flower, of a rich Ihining
Purple color, and pure white, marked with great
Stripes up the middle of the Leaves ; the bottom
blew, with Purple chives.

CCXXXV. 46. Brabafon. It is of feveral
torts,, and all of them fine Flowers, and of feve-
ral Purple colors, as Brabafon Adrian , Brabafon
Hugon, Brabafon Pore , Brabafon Puke , Braba-
fon Swallim , K Brabafon Petit ; all ot them of
feveral Purples and Whites, much differing from
each other in colors, and manner ot marking.
But the Petit as it is the mod common of them,
fo it is the fmalleft, well marked with two
Purples and White.

CCX XX VI. 47. Confiergi. It is a Tulip

adorned with feveral Purples, mixed with White
varioufly.

CCXXXVII. 48. Cleomedon. It is a Tulip 211-
fing from a felf color, produced from Seed.

CCXXXVIII. 49. Clytus. It is a fine Flow-
er, of a dark yellow color, finely marked with
fmall Lines of Hair color, and dark crimfon
having Purple chives.

CCXXX1X. jo. The Curie. It differs from
all others in the form of the Flower ; for this
has the Leaves thick, and curioufly plaited and
curled about the edges ; the color is dark yel-
low, finely marked all over with fmall Lines or
fad red, or Liver color ; the bottom and chives are
a Violet Purple.

CCXL. 51. Qjaramante. It is a fine fort of
Tuhp, varioufly marked, not much unlike to
the Cleomedon.

CCX LI 92. Cat-

CCXLI. 5 2. Cardinal Flambant. It is oi a pale
Scarlec color, well marked with white; the Flow-
er is (hort and handfom, and its bottom and chives

are blew. . - „

CCXLII. 53. Cardinal. It is a low Flower,
oF a deep dark red color, fometimes feathered
with white, and often all red. Some of them
are reftified, and come mHch better marked, the
bottom and chives blew.

CCXLIII. 54- Clelia. It is a fine Flower,
varioutly colored, arifing from Seed.

CCXLIV. 57. Cardinal Prince. It is a large
long Leav’d Flower, well marked with Flelh
color, critnfon and white, the bottom and chives

blew . _ . ,

CCXLV. $6. Camusetta. It is a fair large
Flowet, apt to be known by the green Leaves,
which are large, and full of whitilh Spots. It
has large Leaves, well Veined, ftriped and mark-
ed, eipecially on the infides, with carnation,
fome grcdeline, and much white ; the bottom
(by the well marking of the Flower,) is com-
monly white, and the chives blew.

CCXLVI. 57. Chimney-Sweeper. It is a low
fhort Leav’d round Flower, of a blackifti dark
red color, with a large round whitilh bottom,
and pale yellow chives. Some of thefe will
happen to be Striped, with more or lefs white,
and then they are called the Striped Chimney-
Sweeper. .

CCXLVII. 58. Cede Kulh. -It is of near
Affinity with the Zcabloom Royal , but much a
better Flower, of a good blewifh carnation co-
lor, well marked and variegated with aim-
fon, fome gredeline and good white. Or this
there are two or three forts, but the bell has
more white, and is not apt to run as the 0-
thers are ; the bottom and chives are blew.

CCXLVIII. 59. Carthago. It is fomething
like the Dori/e, but much a better Flower, of
the fame bright blewiih carnation color, varied
and ftriped with good white; the bottom and
chives blew. . ,,

CCXLIX. 6 0. Carolus. It is an excellent
Flower, elegantly marked and ftriped with (hades
of Murry, Purple, and pure White, through
every Leaf thereof; the bottom blew, and the
chives purple.

CCL. 61 .Catalinc Brown Pi/rple. It is like
to the Oner in the fathion of the Flower,
but of a better brown purple color, feather d,
and ftriped up the fides and middle of the
Leaves, with large Lifts of white ; the bottom
and chives purple. , . c .

CCLI. 62. Dantile de Flure. It is of a pale
Rofe color, prettily Leaved, marked and fpot-
ted with white ; the bottom and chives yel-
low : This is a pleafant Flower, but runs a

little at laft. , „

GCLII. 63. D orile. It is a handfom Flower,
of a blewifh bright carnation, varied and ftri-
ped with good white ; the bottom blew, and
the chives purple. .

CCLIII. -54. Diana. It is of feveral forts
the beft is called Bella Diana , which is a good
Flower of a bright blewifh carnation, varied, ftri-
ped, and well marked with deep Red and pure
White, throughout every Leaf, with a blewiih
bottom and purple chives.

CCLIV. 6$. Dianea. A T uhp_ railed from
the Seed of the Diana , from which it differs,
in that the Leaves are edged, and finely whip-
ped about with a deep brown Purple, and fea-
ther’d in the middle, with the fame color up-
on Snow white; the chives dark blew.

CCLV. 66. Dona Dtfpute. It is a kind of
Diana , the Flower is like the Dori/e , but com-
monly better marked, and ftriped with Itnall
Lines of deep Red and Snow white ; the bot-
tom and chives like thofe of the Diana.

CCLVI. 67. DeeJJe. It is of the Family of
the Widows , and formerly efteemed. Of this
we have two forts, the beft is a good deep
Purple, well ftriped and feathered, thro’ every
Leaf thereof with white. The other is a lef-
fer Flower, the Leaves narrow and (harp point-
ed, not fo well marked as the former : the
bottom and chives of both like thofe of the
Widows.

CCLVII. 68. Dorothy of Holland. It is a
good Flower of a deep brown Purple color,
finely whipt about the edges, and well ftriped
and marked with a redder and lighter Purple,
and pure White : the bottom and chives Purple.
Of this there are two forts, but the beft is
called The North Dorothy.

CCLV1II. 69. Envy. ’It is a good Flower, of
an excellent crimfon color, well marked with
g6od White, efpeciallyon theinfideof the Leaves,
the bottom and chives both blew.

CCL1X. 70. Efioile. It is a pretty Flower,
compofed of Purple and White.

CLLX. 71. Eagle. It is a fair Flower, Peach
color, pale gredeline, fome deep crimfon and
pure White ; the bottom and chives Purple.

CCLXI. 72. EminentiJJime. It is at firft i
fine Flower , with long (harp pointed Leaves,
well ftriped with Peach color, carnation and
white; the bottom and chives a dark Purple.

CCLXII. 73. Dinette. It is a delicate crim-
fon and white.

CCLXIII. 74. Da Fine. It is an excellent
Flower, of a very fine color, from Self-colors,
raifed by Seed.

CCLX1V. 7;. Flanders Widow. It is a com-
mon Flower of a fad Purple color, and mark-
ed towards the bottom with a fadder Purple and
fome White ; Its bottom, (as alfo the bottoms
of all the other Widows,) is fmall, and of a
greenifh blew color, with Purple chives.

CCLXV. 76. Fair Widow. It differs from
the Good Widow next following, in that the
Flower is (hotter, more and better ftriped, and
marked with two fad Purples and a White.

CCLXVI. 77. Good Widow. It is in all
things like the Flanders Widow, but more and
better marked with White.

CCLXVII. 78 Gracious Widow. It is of the
fame fafhion and color with the other Widows,
but commonly marked and ftriped with more
White.

CCLXVIII. 79. General EJJex. It is of the
fame colors with the Prince of Orange, but
not fo deep an Orange, the yellow paler, and
more conftantly well marked. The bottom and
chives dark Purple, almoft black.

CCLXIX. 80. General Gouda. It is a large
Flower of a bright crimfon color, fometimes
well marked with White, but commonly the
Red has the Mattery : The bottom and chives
ate both a pale yellow.

CCLXX. 81. General Swcman. Ft is a fair
Flower, bright carnation gredeline and white,
variably placed, and parted at the tops of the
Leaves ; the bottom white and chives blew.

CCLXXI. 82. General of Holland. Ft is an
old Flower, of a deep blewifh red color, with
great Marks, and fmall Stripes of White : The
bottom and chives blew.

CCLXXII. 83.

Chap. 7 1 j . Englijh Herbs. 1193

CCLXX.IL 83. General Bolejon. ft is a fine
Flower, of a blewifh bright Carnation, purled about
the edges, well ftriped and marked with Crimfon
and pure White, which commonly has the Matte-
ry s, the bottom blew, with fmall black chives.

CCLXXIII. 84. General Anvers , or Brown
Duke of Brabant. It is like the Blew Anvers , but bet-;
ter marked with a brown and lighter Purple, and of-
ten well ftriped with White 5 the bottom blew, with
dark Purple chives.

CCLXXIV. 85. General Bole. It is a good
Flower, of near Affinity with the Brown Anvers ,
the Flower is agatted, ftriped, and variably mark-
ed, with a darker and lighter reddifh Purple and
White, with a blew bottom and Purple chives.
It is a tender Flower, and its Root apt to perifh
in a hot or over dunged Soil. There are two or
three forts of ir, but the belt is that called General
Bole Talbon.

CCLXXV. 86. Grand Purpur de Book , or
Pafs Heron. It is an old Flower, with 3 Leaves
Handing up like a Herns top, and three turning
down, of a Sullen, yet fhining Purple color, with
many fmall lines of Milk-white ; the bottom and
chives a pale yellow.

CCLXXVI. 87. General Richard , or Empe-
ror, or Sattine. It is an old Flower, with a tall
upright Stalk, and fhort Leaves, of a pale Carna-
tion color, fiakedy and maiked with White, a lit-
tle apt to run tne bottom and chives yellow.

CCLXXVII. 88. Hifpaniolet. It is a very
good Flower, made up of a mixture of feveral
Purples and White, the Purples deeper, redder,
blewer, and very fine.

CCLXXVIII. 80. Harvey. It is a large va-
riable Flower, but will fometimes be of a dark
Purplifh red color, with great Flames of deep fiii-
ning Crimfon, and fmall ftriped of White the
bottom and chives of a dark purple.

CCLXXIX. 90. Holofernes , or Goliah. It is
a very tall Flower, marked all over with Shadows
of Rofe color and pale yellow ; the bottom and
chives yellow.

CCLXXX. 9T. Hercules. It is a Noble fine
Tulip , large, with variety "of good colors, well
marked, and embellifhed wiih white.

CCLXXXI. 92. Jacobine. It is a very good
and fine Flower, compofed of Carnation, Crimfon
and White.

CCLXXXII. 93. Jeronymm Royal , or Paragon
Jerom. It is a good Flower, ftriped and marked
with Shades of Purple and good White ; the bot-
tom and chives of a dark blew.

CCLXXXHI. 94. Jafper Marble. It is like
the Pafs Bel Tew , but a fairer and more conftant
Flower, of a brighter Gredeline, agatted and
marbled upon white 5 the bottom blew, with
brown dufty chives.

CCLXXX1V. 95. Jacobea reftified. It is in
colors like the Admiral de Mens, but much a bet-
ter Flower, commonly marked up the middle of
the Leaves with a great feathered ftripe of deep
red, the reft white, the bottom and chives are
yellow.

CCLXXXV. 96. Jafper Tudart. It is a lar-
ger Flower than the Tudart , and of a brighter
Red, fome Dove color and much white ; the bot-
tom and chives black. I

CCLXXXVI. 97. King-brown Purple. It is!
a fine Flower, of a brown Purple and White, well
marked and ftreaked.

CCLXXXVII. 98. Lanfcot Bole. It is a fine
Flower, of a bright Carnation color, finely agated
and ftriped with gredeline and white, the bottom
and chives blew.

I CCLXXXV III. 99. La Perjeit , or Turfif
reft fied. It is a pretty low Flower, of a pleafant
Carnation, well marked with White : the bottom
and chives of a dark blew.

CCLXXX1X. 100. La Towers. It is a weak
Stalked Flower, which when it comes well, has
one or two large broken Stripes of a blewifh red
color, through the middle of every Leaft the
reft white, the bottom blew, and the chives black.

CCXC. 1 01. Memorable. It has a long
Leav’d Flower, of a pale Tann’d Leather Color,
prettily marked with lad purple, and bright yel-
low with purple chives.

CCXC.I. 1 02. Munera. It is a Flower of a
middle lize, the Leaves (harp pointed, of a bright
Crimfon color, finely fpotted, and marked with
fmall Stripes, and drops of pale yellow : The
bottom and chives Straw color.

CCXC1I. 103. Miorillion Kacarat. It is an
old Flower, of a light Scarlet color, and Milk-
white, fometimes well marked, but the Leaves
are hollow, and at laft run : the bottom blew,
with black chives.

CCXCIII. 104. Morillion de Anvers. Ir is
an ordinary low Flower, paleScarlet, and marked
with pale yellow, and runs at laft.

CCXC1V. io?. Mazarine. It has long, nar-
row, fharp pointed Leaves, of a pale Scarlet co-
lor, marked witli deeper red, and a white, but
unconftant : the bottom blew, and the chives
black.

CCXCV. 106. Morillion de Algiers. It is
an ordinary Flower, of a blewifh red color, mark-
ed fome.' hat like General Richard with white ;
the bottom and chives pale yellow.

CCXCVI. 107. Marvel de Sfuacle. It is of a
pale Ifabella color, with many red Spots Handing
together on the infide of the Leaves, like unto a
Sprig of Barberries , and fometimes a little ftri-
ped with White : the bottom and chives a dark
blew.

CCXCVII. 108. Morillion Curtis. It is a
large ftrong thriving Flower, moft ot a Carnation
color, a little Crimfon about the edges, and well
feathered with White : the bottom and chives of a
pale yellow-

CCXCVIII. 109. Nofte. It is a valuable
Flower, the Leaves are fharp pointed, and a little
twine, finely marked with bright frefh color, deep
Scarlet and pale yellow : the bottom and chives
black., It ufually puts forth a Bulb or young
Root, between the bottom of the Stalk and lower
Leaf, by which it is eafily incieafed.

CCXC1X. no. A onfuch. It is a fair well
colored and marked Tulip , both fpotted and ftri-
ped with fome White.

CCC. 111. Otter , or Otho de Mans. It is a
large, tall, old Flower, often containing eight or
more Leaves, of a dull heavy Purple color, lifted
up on the fides, and fometimes leathered through
the Leaves with White : the bottom and chives
are yellow.

CCCI. 1 1 2. Orient Virgin. It is a good
Flower, pale Scarlet and pure White, well divi-
ded in fmall Marks and Stripes: the bottom and
chives both blew.

CCCII. 1 13. Paragon Brown Purple. It is a
fine Flower, and well marked and differenced, with
brown purple and white.

CCCI II. 714 . Paragon Oudinard. Itisalmoft
in all things like the Pafs Oudinard , only the co-
lors are brighter, more conftantly well placed,
and in fome Years will come fo well marked, that
few rich Flowers excel it ^ the bottom and chives
both blew.

7 N CCCIV. 11 5.

1194 Salmon j

CCCIV. 115. Paragonl'rancoife. It is a pret-
ty Flower, of a good deep carnation color, well
marked with long Stripes of white •, the bottom
and chives blew.

CCCV. 11 6. Paragon Blackburn. It has a
tall Stalk and lair flower, with broad Leaves, yet
fhii'p pointed, of a light carnation color, with
Lome M s of deeper red. Flamed and Striped
with white the bottom and chives both blew.
It was railed from the Seed ot the P.ijs Oudinard.

CCCVI. 117 Paragon de Gil Jen. It is a

good Flower, ot a fine carnation color, deeperim-
l’on aod pure white, well placed and broken. The
bottom and chives are blew.

CCCVIl. 1 1 8. Paragon l.ifgin. It is an or-
dinary Flower, a little marbled and Itriped about
the edges, with an Jfabella color, and pale yel-
low, and fometimes over all the Flower * it has a
greeriifh dark bottom, and fad blew chives.

CCCVIII. 1 1 9. Paragon plorfon • It is 3 good
Flower, Leaves lharp pointed, variably Veined,
ftriped and marked with lfabella , Peach color, and
Milk white : bottom blew, chives dark Violet
Purple.

CCCIX. 120. Paragon de Cojla. It is like
the Jacobea retfified, but a better Flower, well
itriped and marked with the fame deep red color,
and good white : the bottom and chives yellow.

CCCX. 1 21. Parot. It is of feveral forts,
fome all green, unlefs a little whitifh towards the
hides of the Leaves > others have the Leaves half
folded, green in the middle, and the fides almolt
white: But there is one Noble kind hereof, which
is called

CCCXI. 122. Parot-Noble. It grows tall and
itiong, the green Leaves rent in the fides, the
Flower large, and formed fomething like the lalt,
only it has Spurs on the fides of the Leaves, which
are of a d^rk brown color, and lighter by degrees
to rhe middle, which is of a whitdh green color,
veiy 1 . jnge in Falhionand colors from all others.
T! u bottoms an ’ chives of all the Parot s, are of a
paL greenilh yellow color.

OXXII. 12?. Pa/s Oudinard. It is an old
Flower ot a fad teddifli color, fometimes well
marked with brighter Red and Straw color. It
is common and unconftant : the bottom and chives
both blew

CC CX11I. 124 . Pafs Belline. It differs from
the Belline chiefly in its colors, which in this are
fon c gredeline, fome carnation, and much white,
well placed and parted : the bottom and chives
both blew.

CCCXIV. 12$. Pafs Rojie. It is a fine round
Flower, variably marked upon a pale Rofe color,
with crimfon, and fome Veins of Straw color, re-
fembling a well Water’d Tabby .- the bottom and
chives pale yellow.

CCCXV 126. Pafs Bell Tew , or Kumero
■une. It is an old Flower, agated and marbled
with gredeline and white, but unconftant : the
bottom and chives of a dark blew, dufted with
yellow.

CCCXVI. 127. Pafs Cittadel While. It is in
all things like the A gat Point Win , or Pafs Citta-
del, but that the white in this Flower has the
Mattery, and therefore much more efteemed than
that.

CCCX VII. I 28. Pafs Zeablom of Paris. It
is the belt of all the Zeabloms. The Flower is
fair, of a deep Purple color, very well marked
with white : the bottom blew, Wirh dark Purple
chives.

CCCXV1II. 12 9. Pearl. It is an old Flower,
of a bright carnation color, marked and ftriped

Herbal Lib. L

with more or lefs white. The Leaves of the Flow-
er twine, and ftand different from others. The
bottom and chives a pale yellow.

CCCXIX. 1 30. Pellican. When it comes
right it is a pretty Flower, of a good carnation
color, marked thick with fmaller and greater
Stripes of white : the bottom and chives of a green-
ilh dark blew color.

CCCXX. 131. Pompeza. It is a fair large
Flower, conftantly well marked wirh fine light
carnation and pure white : the bottom and chives
blew.

>32- Prefident. It is a round
(jlobd form’d Flower, marked with, purplifh red,
lighter and fadder yellow: the bottom and chives
Violet.

CCCXXII. 133. Prefident Royal. It is much
a better Flower than the former, finely marked .
with crimfon and white.

CCCXX1II. 134. Prince of Orange. It is of
a good Orange color, ftriped with yellow, of
which color the bottom and chives are.

CCCXXIV. 135. Princefs Royal. It is a
produftion from the Plunders Widow , and differs
from it only, in that the Leaves of the fad Purple
Flower are lifted about the fides with white.

CCCXX V. 10,6. Prince] sPurgiana It is the
belt of all the Species of the Widows. It has thin
Leaves well marked with two purples, and much
white, which comrtionly has the Maftery: the bot-
tom and chives are like thofe of rhe Handers-
Widow.

CCCXXVI. 137. Pluto. It is a dark fullen
Flower, of a Soocy Orange color, variably mark-
ed with darker and lighter yellow, a fad greenifh
bottom and blewifh chives.

CCCXXVII. 138. Paragon Bembrig-, Runde-
lo \ or Angelica. It is a large long Leav’d flower
of a deep reddifh purple color, flaked and marked
with white : the bottom and chives of a dark
purple color

CCCXXVIII. 139. Paragon Alette. It is a
Angular good Flower, compofed with crimfon
and white.

CCCXXIX. 140. Prelate Brown-Purple. It
is a fine flower, of a brown purple color, well
marked with white, and notably differing’ from
others-

CCCXXX. 141. Portugal Noble. It is but
a finall, yet a Noble Flower, finely marked with
fmall Lines of cinnamon color, and pale ftraw
color, with a dark bottom and black chives.

CCCXXX1. 142. Proteus. It is a pretty fmall
Flower, well markt with deeper and lighter crim-
fon and pale yellow : a dark bottom, and Violet
purple chives.

. CCCXXXII. 143. Vroferpine. The tops of
its Leaves are of the color of the Aiemorable , yel-
low towards the fides, marked and whipt about
with a very brown dark Purple. The botton? is
yellowifh, the chives purple.

CCCXXXIII. 144 . Phenix. It is a fine Flow-
er, fell colored, railed from Seed, and is of good
efteem. °

CCCXXXIV. 149. Rojilliante. It is a large
Flower, Role colored, variably fpotted and ftriped
with white, which commonly has the Maftery ; the
bottom and chives are blew.

CCCXXXV. 146. Swifs of Portugal. Iris a
tall large long Leav’d Flower, of a Rich crimfon
color, with fome Marks about the edges of the
Leaves, of a deep red, ftriped with great Guards
and Lifts of Straw color through every Leaf
thereof; with a large round yellow bottom and
Straw colored chives. There are feveral forts of

Swijfers,

Chap. 713. Englijh Herbs. 1195

Swiften , but this is the belt, the others being lef-
fer, and not fo well colored.

CCCXXXVI. 147. Semper Auguftus. It was
formerly of much elteem, but its blower is not ve-
ry large, but well Veined and Striped with deep
crimfon, and pale yellow. The bottom and chives
a dark Violet Purple.

CCCXXXVII. 148. Sufanna. It is a pleafing
delightful Flower, of a comely Form j the colors
bright carnation and Snow white, from its firft
opening, well parted and divided. The bottom
white, with pale greenilh chives.

CCCXXXV1II. 149. Star de Mans. It is a
fmall Flower, with long and very narrow lharp
pointed Leaves, at firft opening twifted at the
ends, which after open and fpread flat, is like a
Star, with fix Points, of a reddifh lfabella color,
lfriped towards the bottom with white. The bot-
tom and chives are both pale yellow.

CCCXXXIX. iso. Sigifmund. It is a good
Flower, of a criml’on color, interfperfed with
white.

CCCXL. t s t • Tudart , or Toundart. It is
like the Agat Robine , of a heavy dull reddifh co-
lor, the Leaves edged with a Smoaky Dove color,
and fometimes a little marked with white : the
bottom and chives black.

CCCXLI. 15:2. Tudart Royal It is better
than the former, the Flower is of a fad red color,
whipt about the edges with crimfon, and ftriped
with pale yellow. The bottom and chives are
black.

CCCXLII. 1 y 3. Triumphant. It is a fmaller
Flower than Genera/ Gouda * the Stalk is weak,
and the colors good crimfon and white, but very
unconftant. The bottom and chives blew.

CCCXLIII. 154. Turbant. It is a large round
hollow Leav’d Flower, often with eight or more
Leaves, of a reddifh Peach color. Flamed up the
middle and fides with crimfon. The bottom blew,
with dark brown chives.

CCCXLIV. iyy. Trencontane. It is Flefh
colored, pale yellow, and lfabella 5 the bottom
and chives arealfo a pale yellow.

CCCXLV. 156. Unick laCroy. It is a fine
Flower, made up with a various Mixture, or in-
terpofition of carnation and white.

CCCXLVI. 15:7. Vejia. It has a handfome
round Flower, of a deep (hining crimfon color,
variably fpread with white * but if the red has the
Maftery, it foon runs over the white * the bot-
tom and chives are blew.

CCCXLVII. 158. Vejta Roy a/, or Nompare.

It is a better and more conftant Flower than the
laft, being carnation, crimfon and white. When
the Flower marks well, the bottom is white, and
the chives blew.

CCCXLVIII. 15:9. Violetta. It is one of the
firft Blown of the Mediae, and is of a Violet Pur-
ple color, fometimes well marked with white.
The bottom and chives are a pale yellow.

CCCXLIX. 160. Vehette , or Velvet Tulip.

It is a good Flower, of a deep dark Velvet Purple
color, marked with fome lighter Purple and white
Stripes, efpecially in the tops of the Leaves. The
bottom and chives are black.

CCCL. 16 1. Zeablom. It is of divers forts,
the moft ordinary is of a fad blewifh red color j
fometimes a little marked with white, very un-
conftant, and apt to run, as moft of the Zcabloms
are •. the bottom and chives are a fad purple.

CCCLI. 162. Zeablom Royal. It is at firft
opening a fine Flower, Striped and Veined through
every Leaf thereof, with blewifh carnation, gre-
delineand white ^ but if the Seafonis hot, it will

run, and be flubber’d all over. The bottom and
chives are both blew.

CCCLI1. 163. Zclinda. It is a fine pleafing
Flower, rifen from a Self-color, and by fome
much efteemed.

CCCLIII. 164. Zweman Garet, or Cbamolet.
It is an old Flower of a deep Peach color, chame-
leted, and ftriped with red and white. The bot-
tom is blew, and the chives purple.

III. Of the SEROTIN^E:

O R ,

Late F lowering Tulips.

CCCLI V. Thefe are declared in the General
De/cription, fo that there is no need of repeating
the fame things again; and they begin to Flower
much about the time when the Mediu are paft :
The greateft thing in thefe, is the Mixture of their
colors, in which there are no fuch plentiful Vari-
eties as in the two former forts. The chief of
which, (Flowering from the middle of May to
the middle of June , and fometimes longer,) are
thefe few following.

Firft ^rom Mr. PARK INSO N.

CCCLV. 1. Rojca intenfior, aul remijjior. A
Rofe-colored, deeper or paler.

CCCLV I. 2. Rubra vulgaris , aut Saturalior ,
O' quafi nigricans fundo luteo vel nigra , vel nigro
Orbe, aurco inclufo : Oculus Solis diBa. An ordi-
nary red, or more deep, like black Blood, with a
black or yellow bottom, or black circled with yel-
low, called the Suns Eye.

CCCLVII. 3. lout e a communis. The common
or ordinary yellow Tulip.

CCCLVIII. 4. Lutca oris rubris. A yellow
Tulip with red edges.

CCCLIX. 5. Lute a gut t is Sanguineis^ fundo
nigro , vel vario. A yellow with red Spots and
Veins, the bottom black, or various colored.

Secondly, from Mr. REA.

CCCLX. 1. Agat Romanc. It is an old Flow-
er, moft pale Rofe colored, fometimes well mark-
ed about the edges with crimfon, and ftriped with
white.

CCCLXI. 2. Grefound. It is a low fmall
Flower, of a dark red color, ftriped and feathered
with pale yellow ar firft, which after turns white:
the bottom and chives both blew.

CCCLX II. 3. Marbre liar l us. It is an ordi-
nary Flower, moft a Flefh color, marked with
lfabella , and fometimes a little white : the bot-
tom and chives a dark blew.

CCCLXIII- 4. Par agon Mullen. It is a bright
carnation, and fometimes well ftriped with white :
the bottom and chives blew.

CCCLXI V. 5. Rato Madam , yellow Grown ,
and Grown of France It is now a common Flow-
er, of a good full red color, marked and crowned
on the tops of the Leaves with good yellow : the
bottom and chives are yellow.

CCCLXV. 6. Prince de la More. Iris a fine
Flower, as rare as the former is common, well mark-
ed with a deeper and lighter cinnamon color, and
pale yellow j with a blew bottom and black chives.

7 N 2 CCCLXVI. 7.

ixyG Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

CCCLXVI. 7. Star of Venus. It is a large
Flower, of a good carnation color, marked and
veined with pale yellow at firft, which after turns
white : the bottom and chives both blew.

CCCLXVI1. 8. Tenebris. It is a large ftrong
Flower, of a dark, deep red color, like that called
De Roy, with fmall Veins of Peach color, a fmall
pale yellow bottom, and dark brown chives.

CCCLXVIII. 9. Tunica Morionis. It is an
inferior kind of the Rato Madam, or yellow Crown.
The Flower is more yellow than red, for which
reafon fome call' it the tools Coat the bottom and
chives are yellow.

CCCLXIX. 10. Zcablom Serot'm £. It is a
weak Stalked low Flower, of a deep red color,
feathered and marked with fome gredeline at firft,
a pale yellow, which after turns white : the bot-
tom and chives are a dark blew.

CCCLXX. The Places. The Tulip is an Afia-
tick or Turkijh Flower, firft lent to us from Dal-
matia, Conflantinople, and other parts of Turky,
and therefore called alfo Dalmatian Cap , and
Turks Cap : In the Woods and Fields of Dalma-
tia, Cappadocia, Bithynia, Aleppo, alfo in Mace-
donia, Thracia and Tripolis , they are faid to grow
naturally Wild, but with us only in Gardens.

CCCLXXI. The Times. The Prtcoces Flower
with us in February, (if the Winter is mild,) and
all March , and fometimes in a warm Winter in
January. The Mediae Flower all April, and fome
part of the beginning of May. The Serotina Flow-
er from the middle of May, fometime^to the mid-
dle of June -, but if the Seafons are cold, they
fometimes Flower a Month longer. However,
they arc an Ornament to our Gardens for more than
three complete Months.

The CULTURE.

CCCLXXII. For the choice of Seed to Sow.
Chi Jilts fays the White Prncox gives the greateft
Variety ot colors, (fcarcely fo from the Red : ) but
if the White has any mixture of Red or Purple
in it, the Variety is more eminent. Next to the
White, the Purple is faid to he the beft, and the
next thereto is the Purple with white edges ; and
fo likewil'e the Red with yellow edges ; each of
them will bring molt of their own colors.

CCCLXX1II. The Seed of the bed Medin is to
be taken from thofe which are light colored, ra-
ther White than Yellow and rather Purple than
Red ; yea White not Yellow ; and Purple not Red :
But of thefe again, the Spotted are the beft, and
the more Spotted the better. But withal, and in
all thefe, refpefl the ground or bottom of the
Flower, (which in a Prsecox cannot be, for they
feldom have any other ground than yellow ; which
if the Flower be white, ot whitilh fpotted ot
edged, and ftraked, and the bottom blew or pur-
ple, (as in the Holin'; s, and Cloth of Silver J is be-
yond all other the molt excellent, and yields the
greateft, choiceft, and moll pleafant Variety.'
The Seed of meaner Beauties, will yield you a
meaner Variety. The Seed of the red or yellow
Tulip, or their divers Mixtures, ate not worth
the Sowing.

CCCLXXI V . The Seed of the Serotinn , (which
are feldom leen with any fpecial Beautiful Vari-
ety of colors) can bring forth no rarities ; and for
the Reafons before fpecified, little or no diverfity
at all.

CCCLXXV. Therefore to have Tu/ip Seed,
from whence you may reafonably expeFl Beauti-

ful Flowers ; your beft way will be to leave fome
for Seed, which are very fine and large, to the
end, that being of a Noble Kind, you may rati-
onally hope for fomething excellent from them ;
and yet in this matter. Nature fome times deceives
our greateft expe&ations.

CCCLXXVI. For Seeds , be lure to make
choice of fuch Flowers as have the ftrongeft Stalks
and the Seed Veffel three cornered, of liich kinds
as are molt conftantly well marked, and fuch as
have the hottoms and chives either blew or pur-
ple, (which is rarely to Le found in the Preecoces,)
whofe bottoms are commonly either white or yel-
low ; yet there is one excellent kind, viz. the
Omen, deferibed in Soli. XCVI. aforegoing, which
aptly marks with three colors, and has the bot-
tom and chives both blew, from the Seed ofwhich.
many fine Varieties may be raifed ; and next to
this, are the Florizantine, Maritlion, Cremfme ,
Admiral Encufcn, and Perijhot ; the reft of the
well Marked Pracoces, may produce tollerable
Varieties, tho not like the Omen : But Seeds from
the Vice-Roy , and Varieties of Edgers, feldom pro-
duce better than their Originals.

CCCLXXVI 1. The Seed of the Meiit afford
many mote excellent Varieties, as that taken from
the Angelica, Anvers Blew, all the Brahafons,
Carthago, Cedo Nielli, Diana, Dorothy of Holland ,
Florifon Paragon, General Bolfon, JeronParagon,
Tudart-Royal, Turgiana Princefs , Virgin Orient, and
fevetal others ; thefe here named, being well mark-
ed with different colors, with blew or purple bot-
toms and chives, are not apt to run, but will abide
conftant to the laft.

CCCLXXVII1. But tho’ we make choice of
the beft Flowers for Seed, yet often times we fail
of out purpofe, becaufe fome times the Roots loofe
their Fibres, and the Stalks dry before the Seed
comes to be half ripe. To prevent which, make
choice of the ftrongeft Roots you have, of fuch
Flowers you defign for Seed, and fet them in that
part of the Garden molt expofed to the Sun, fix or
feven Inches in the Ground, by which means
you will gain good ripe Seed, from almolt any
Flower.

CCCLXX1X. About the middle of July,
fooner or later, as the Seafon is hotter or colder,
the Seed will be ready for gathering, which may
be known by the drinels of the Stalks, and open-
ing of the Seed Velfels, which gather, (and take
up the Roots,) letting the Seed remain in the Pods,
until the end of September, and then they may be
taken out, which being cleanfed from the Chaffy
and Sowed in Beds of fine Sifted Earth, efpecially
the more ordinary forts.

CCCLXXX. The time and manner of Sowing
the Seed is next to be confidered. Sow them not
in the Spring, if you hope for any good Flowers,
but in the Autumn, ot prefently after they be
through ripe and dry ; yet if you Sow them not
till the end of OSober, they will come forwartUje-
ver the wotfe, but the better. For it is often Wen,
that out early Sowing caufes them to fpring out
of the Ground too early, fo that if a (harp cold
Spring chances to follow, it may hazard their
fpoiling, if not of all, yet of moll part of the
Seed.

CCCLXXXI. The fame Years Seed is that
which we commonly Sow, but if the Seed is two
Years old, and that it was at firft good Seed, and
well kept, being then Sow’d, it will thrive and do
well enough, especially if it was perfectly ripe
and well gathered ; and in Sowing it, you mull
obferve not to Sow it too thick, for if the Seed
lyes one upon another, that it has not room upon

Chap. 713. 'Englijb Herbs .

197

its fprouting, to enter and take Root in the Earth,
it will prefen tly perifh.

CCCLXXXII. Some prefs down the Ground
in which they intend to Sow the Seed, then put
the Seed thereon, and fo cover it an Inch over with
Sifted Earth ; becaufe they fay the Nature of
Toung Tulip Roots, is to run deep into the Earth
every Year more than other, which this faftnefs
of the Ground at bottom prevents, by which they
think the Root increafes the better ; but doubtlefs
it is not the belt way, for this, ftiffnefs of the
Earth does caufe thefe young Roots to be long be-
fore they grow great, and hinders their thriving :
For in a loofe Earth they grow fafter and greater,
and thrive much better : And altho’ the Roots may
run deeper in fuch a loofe Earth, yet that Fault
may eafily be help’d by Tranfpianting, and fo they
may be raifed high enough.

CCCLXXX1II. The Ground therefore muft
be refpefled, for the finer, fofrer, and richer the
Mould is, the greater will be the increafe and Va-
riety. It is to be Sifted from all Stones and Rub-
bilh, and it ought to be either of it felf a fat Earth,
or elfe made fo good thro’ rotten Dung.

CCCLXXX1V. Thofeof the choiceft Flowers,
ought to be Sow’d in Boxes, fill’d with the fineft
Earth that can begotten, in refpe£l that the young
Roots are apt to run deep into the Earth, lo that
in Beds many of them will be loft : Sow them not
too thick, nor cover them above a Fingers thick-
nefs with Mould, (as is before noted.) In March
following, they will come up with fmall Leaves
like Grals; in April Weed and Water them, as
often as need requires.

CCCLXXXV. Some remove not their Tulips
once, from Sowing the Seed to their Flowering-,
but this rule is not to be followed. About the
end of June, two Years after their Sowing, they
are to be taken up, and the fmall Roots cleanfed,
and fet again in Rows at a wider diftance, and fo
every other Year, till they bear Flowers, ftill alter-
ing the Ground with frefh Earth, and Sifted com-
port, before you fet them again. And to avoid
loofeing them, you muft take them up whilft their
Leaf and Stalk are frefh, and not withered.

CCCLXXXVI. And tho’ the Leaves in the
firft Year are but like to the ordinary Grafs Blades,
yet the fecond Year they will be bigger, and fo by
degrees every Year larger and larger. The Leaves
of the Prxcoces while they are young, may be dif-
cerned from the Media, for that they wholly ftand
up above Ground, (hewing their fmall Footftalks ;
whereas the Leaves of the Media and Serotinx , do
never wholly appear out of the Ground, but the
lower part which is broad, abides under the upper
face of the Earth. Thus by Tranfpianting thefe
Seedling Roots every other Year, (and fome of them
every Year, as you may fee caufe for the fame)
in their due Seafon, viz. about Midfummer , or
latter part of July, or beginning of Auguft, you
will (according to your Seed and Soil,) have them
in a due time come to bearing. It will be 6 or 7
Years before the Prxcoces will bear Flowers ; but
the Media will bear in the fifth or fixth Year after
Sowing, (rarely in the fourth Year, unlefs the
Earth be very Rich, and then they are none of the
beft Flowers : ) Again, fome of the Media will
not Flower till the feventh or eighth Year after,
and fome weakly Roots not to the tenth Year, which
I think are not worth the preferving. This you
are alfo to Note, That as your Roots grow big-
ger in Re-planting them, you muft give them
more room and diftance one from another, left
they fhould rot, and by that means hinder each
others Growth.

CCCLXXXV1I. As many fine Flowers may be
raifed from the Seed of thofe well marked, before
mentioned ; fo fuch as have a good Colleftion of
Modes, or Self - colors, obferving what colors
are apteft to change, and by the bottoms running
up into the Leaves, become well marked with ie-
veral colors : I fay by Sowing the Seeds of fuch,
the Product may poftibly be anfwerable to expecta-
tion : And tho’ at firft they may come wholly of
one color, yet if they be Orange , Sulphur, Hair,
Dove, Gredelinc, Ifabella, Shammy, or any other
light or ftrange color, they are to be efteemed • for
in a Year or two, many fuch have changed into
good mark’d Flowers, and fo continued in all their
increafe.

CCCLXXXVIII. To haften which change, let
fuch of your colors as are Strong and Luxuriant, be
fet in lean and hungry, but frefh Earth ; and the
next Year after, in that which is Fat and well
Manured ; and fo yearly removed to contrary Soils,
till you obtain the end defired.

CCCLXXXIX. The like courfe is to be taken
with Off-fets, to caufe them to alter from the Ori-
ginal, as is daily done. For the General bole came
from the Brown Anvers , the Cedo Nu/li from the
Zeablom ■, and many fine Flowers from the Braba-
fon. Tour Ion, and Widows. '

CCCXC. The Seed of the Prxcoces does not
thrive and come forward fo faft as that of the
Media and Serotinx -, nor does it give any Off-fets
in its running down, as that of the Media does;
which ufually leaves a fmall Root at the Head of
the other (which is run down) every Year ; and be-
fides as they are more tender, fo they require more
care and attendance than the Media, and therefore
are the more to be valued.

CCCXCI. And this is a certain and general
rule in all Tulips , that all the while they bear but
one Leaf, they will not bear Flowers, whether
they be Seedlings, or the Off-fets of elder Roots,
or the Roots themfelves, which have already born
flowers: But when they fhew a fecond Leaf,
breaking out of the firft, it is a certain Sign that
it will then bear a Flower, unlefs fome Cafualty
or Accident hinder it; as Frolt or Rain, to nip or
fpoil the Bud, or fome other untimely chance be-
fall it. The time of y, 6, 7, or more Years, to
wait in expe&ation of Flowers, is a little long in-
deed -, but if you take care to have good Seed
from the better forts of Tulips, you will be fuf-
ficiently recompenced for your Patience, from the
great abundance of choice Flowers, which they
will then produce.

Of the Roots.

CCCXCII. When you Set or Plant the
Roots of your beft bearing Tulips, if the Ground
is either cold, or lyes too open to the cold Nor-
thern Air, it will be well to Plant them fome what
deeper in the Earth, by which they will be the bet-
ter defended, and not be fo liable to be pierced by
Colds or Frotts ; for deep Snows and hard Frofts
are apt to pierce the Prxcoces ; and them chiefly4,
if they be too near the upper Cruft of the Ground ;
and therefore many cover their Ground before Win-
ter, with either frefh, or old rotten Dung, which
will admirably prelerve them. The like you may
do with Seedlings, to caufe them to come on the
forwarder, fo it be after the firft Years Sowing,
but not till then.

CCCXCI1I. If you remove the Roots after they
have (hot out their Fibres, or fmall Strings, which

grow

1 1 98 Salmon’/ Herbal. Lib. I

grow under the great round Roots, (which is from
September , till they he in Flower) it will he very
dangerous to them : for by removing them when
they have taken laft hold in the Earth, you hinder
them for Flowering that Year, and it may be the
next Year too, and hazard their perifhing withal.
Bat after they are rifen to Flower, you may faf'ely
take them up if you pleafe, and remove them-with-
out danger, uniefs it be a Young bearing Root,
which in fo doing, you will much hinder, by rea-
fon, (bearing now its fir ft Flower,) it is yet very
tender.

CCCXCIV. But all Tulip Roots, when their
Stalks and Leaves are drv, mayfalely be taken out
of the Ground, and be fo kept, (fo they lye in a
dry, and not in a moift place) for fix Months,
without any great harm : And fometimes they
have been kept out of the Ground for nine Months,
and yet have proved reafonably well -, but then
you muft know, that they have not been Young,
bur the Older Roots, and have been orderly taken
up and preferved. The dryer you keep a Tulip
Root the better, fo you let it not lye in the Sun or
Wind, which may pierce and fpoil it.

CCCXCV. When the Roots are ready to be
taken up, do it in a fair calm Day, and if the
Ground is hard or flifi, do it with a long hollow
Trowel fit for the purpofe ^ but in light or foft
Grounds, it may he done with the Hands only.

CCCXCVL Being taken up, lay them on Pa-
pers on which the Names are written, and place
them open upon lome Boarded Floor, where they
muff fo remain to dry, about twenty Days. Then
take away the dead Fibres, and loofe outward
Skins, and fuch OfF-fets or young Roots, as will
eafily part from the old j which done, it will be
neceflary to wrap up your beft Roots efpecially,
in frefh, well dryed Papers, and on the outfide to
write the Name of the Flower, which may be kept
wich its OfF-fet with it, until the middle of Au-
gufl • at which time, the OfF-fets are robe fet in a
good Bed prepared for that purpofe. But the old
bearing Roots muft be left in the Papers, till the
proper time is come for Planting them.

CCCXCVII* When you have leaned your
Roots in Boxes, it will be neceffiry often to "look
over them, lelt any fhould be mouldy, or grow
moift, as it often happens. Then the Mouldinefs
or M'jifture, is gently to be wiped off, with a dry
woollen Cloth, and the Root gently dryed before
the Fire, and lb put up again into Irefh Papers.

CC CXCVIII. Your Roots being thus carefully
difpolcd, it will be timeto prepared place to Plant
them in ; which for the beft bearing Roots, will be
in a Bed, or Beds (according to your Store) which
let be about a Y7ard in breadth, and in length ac-
coiding to your own liking, and as your Ground
will permit; which let be Border’d with Rails or
Bords, and fill’d two Feet deep, with the lighreft,
freftieit, and finelt Silted Earth you can get.

CCCXCIX. Thefe Beds may contain ; or 6
Roots in every Row, crols the breadth of the Bed,
which with a Line drawn, may be exafldy divided’
and the Roots placed accordingly : But hefore they
be Set, the Rootsare to be numbred from 1, to yo,
icc, coo, EFc, more or lefs, in a Book, with their
proper Names ro the Numbers ; and then to be
Planted according to the order of the Numbers in
your Book ; by which they will be known what
they are, both before, and alter the time of their
bearing.

CCCC. in placing thefe Roots, fome fet the
faddeft colors towards the (ides, and the lighted
in the middle, but a variable mixture is mod plea-
ftng, noc fetting too many dark, or light colors

together, tho’ different from each other ; nor to
mingle the ¥rtcoccs with the MeJix, but placing
each fort in a particular Bed by it felfi

CCCC1. When thele A ob/e Tulips begin to
rife up to Flower, it would be well to cover the
Bed with a thin Canvas Tilt, (fupported with a
fmall kind of Frame) foas not to touch the Flow-
eis ; which may be put over them in cold Nights
to prevent the North, or North-Eaft Winds or
Frolls, Irom nipping and hurting the Buds by
which the Beauty of the Flower may be fpoiled ■
as alfo to defend them in the Day-rime from Hail’
great Rains, and fcorching heat of the Sun, by
which means they will continue thelonger in Flow-
er. This Tilt or Canvas, may be taken off before
the time of Flowering in fair Days, that thev may
now and then be relrelhed with the Sun Beams
and alfo with gentle Showers, and then be covered
again in the Night : But when fully blown let
them not have above an Hours Sun in the Morn-
ing, and as much in the Evening, if the Seafoa be
hot ; if the Weather is cold, you may permit
them a longer Sunning.

CCCCII. The more ordinary forts may be fet
m Borders, or in fpaces in Knots, without taking
any account of their Numbers, Names and Places
uniefs you lo pleafe: And if the Ground is good in
which they are fet, they may Hand two Years
lylthoi?yaking UR but no' longer, in refpeft to
their Off-fets, which adhere to them ; which if not
removed, will make their Flowers to be fmall and
weak, and withal exhauft very much the Nourifti-
ment of the Plant. And before they are fet again
in the lame place, the Earth muft be changed lor
that which is new and frefh.

CCCCIII. Alter the Flowers are fallen, break
off the Heads or Seed Veffels of every Flower, (ex-
cept of fuch as you referve for Seed ; ) fo will the
Stalks dry down the fooner, and the Roots will
preferve their Strength the better, and be even
Fortified thereby.

CCCCIV. Some of the beft Tulips will fome-
times be infefled with Dileales, notwirhftanding
our greateft Care and Diligence in their Preferva-
rion ; which happens to lome Roots while out of
the Ground, and ro others after they are Planted :
II the deleft is before it is Planted, the Root will
appear fhri veiled or crumpled on the outlide, and
feel foft and fpongy, which is a lign that it’ is in
a Confumption, or wafting condition; which to
prevent, you muft wrap it up in Wooll, dipt in
Oil Olive , and place it where it may receive fome
little warmth from the Fire : rhen about the begin-
ning of September, or fome little time before, fet
it in the Ground, putting fome Wood Soot, mix-
ed with Sand about it, covering the place with an
Earthen Pot, the bottom turn’d upwards, to keep
it irom Wet, till the Fibres are come forth, which
will be by the end of September , or beginning of
OSober, or not at all. Thefe decaying Roots thus
managed, (tho’ fome of the outward Folds rot and
confume, the middle and Heart remaining found)
will revive again, and in two or three Years bear
Flowers as formerly.

CCCCV. If the defefl happens after they are
Planted, and have put forth green Leaves; if any
of them begin to fade and wither, you muft open
the Earth to the bottom of the Root, to find out
the caufe, and if the Root is moift and foft, it is
pall Cure or help : But if it be any thing hard, it
may be recovered, by putting to it Wood Soot rnixt
with dry Sand, and covering it as in the former
leaving the place fomewhat open, that it may dry
downwards the fooner. In hot Days, take off the
Por, and take up the Root as foon as rhe Fibres

are

li

Chap. 713. Engltjb Herb. j

11

are gone, and keep it in Wooll wet in Oil Olive ,
near the Fire: Afterwards fet it again, according
to the directions in the former Paragraph or ScBi-
on. By this means many choice Flowers or Roots
have been laved, which orherwife had been un-
doubtedly loft.

Ct.CCVI. Contrariwife, we purpofely make
fome Roots Sick, by taking them up a little before
they begin to Flower, and laying them in the Sun,
to abate their Luxury, and caufe them to be better
marked the next Year following. This has been
often done with the Agat Robine ■, Pa/s Cittadel '
Pafs ticron,PafsOudinard, Pur loon. Widows , and
fuchlike ordinary Flowers, by which means fome
of them will come to be very well marked, fo as
that they might betaken to be much better Flow-
ers than indeed they are.

CCCCVII. When you Plant your beft Tulipi
you mutt Yearly make a provifion of Manured,
frefh, light, fandy Earth, to make new Beds for
them 5 or hy taking away that in which they grow,
and fupplying the place with this new provifion ;
For it Tulips be fet twice in the fame Earth, they
will languilh and decay for want of agreeable
Nourifhment. But if you have ftore of A eats-
Dung mixed with Sand, which has lain on an heap
two or three Tears : if this 1 fay be Sifted, and ir
Auguft well mixed with tiie Earth of your Bed,
and the Air be any thing good and temperate, it
will be fufficient. Bv this very means, Mr. Rea
fays, that he had fet his belt Tulips , for twenty
Years fucceflively in one Bed, and that they prof-
pered to his With, and oftentimes beyond his
Expeflation.

CCCCV1II. Some Gardeners give us another
kind of Compoft, which they make after this man-
ner. Take an hundred Bujhels of yellow Sand -,
Pour/ core Bujhels of red Mould well mellowed
Three/ core Bujhels of Kit chin-Garden Earth , which
mix altogether with a Shovel •, and after a Months
lying together , pafs it thro 1 a Skrcen , that the
Mixtion may be well made -, and thus Skrcen it once
a Month, for 12 or 14 Months together, which
then keep for u/e. The more this Earth pafles thro
the Skreen, the lighter and better it will become,
and the more agreeable to your Flowers.

CCCC1X. Before this Compoft , or Compound
Earth , is laid on the Natural Soil of your Beds,
you are to confider, that if the Soil be wet or
moift, (both which are Enemies to theT«//p,)you
mult make it dry, or d<g the Bed you defign, ta-
king out a Foot and half of the Earth, and then
filling it up again with this Compound Earth , mix-
ed with an equal quantity of Sand-, but if the Soil
of the Garden be naturally dry, light and fandy,
then you may Lave the former trouble of digging up
and removing the Earth, and only cover it with
the faid prepared Earth, about half a Foot thick.

Of the BULBS, nud young
BULB- Roots. "

CCCCX. Your Beds or Parterries defigned, be-
ing thus prepared, you may then Plant upon them
your Bulbs or Young Roots, as before di refled, ta-
king care, that each Bulb or Young Root, be well
covered about three Inches deep, with Earth on
all fides, which may be done from the middle of
Ottober, to the end of December.

CCCCXI. As foon as ever they are put into the
Ground, you muft not neglefl to cover them with
large Straw, or dryed Dung as is before hinted,

to fecure them from Frofts, and fevere cold Wea-
tner; but then they muft be uncovered again, as
loon as die Froft and Cold is gone.

CCCCXII. When March is come, and you per-
ceive that they begin to fhoot, take care to Water
inem if the Seafon is dry, and you fee that they
require it; but how much, or how long you mult
Waier them, is wholly to be left to your own dif
crenon. And if Weeds grow, let them be continu-
ally pluck t up, becaufe they will (if fuffered) draw
the Nouri/hment from rhe Roots of your Flowers.

CCCCXII I. Thefe Bulbs of the Tulip Roots
are to remain in the Earth for one Year only, du-
ring which time, they muft be carefully Cultiva-
u r m at a Years- end they muft be removed in
the following manner.

CCCCX IV. Take a Dif-planting Scoop, which
thruit into the Ground at a convenient diftance from
the Bulbs, and a little below their Fibres, by which
means, you will be able to take them up fafe
without Wounding ; then feparate the Earth from
them, and continue fo to do, till they are all dif
planted.

CCCCXV. The Bulbs being out of the Earth
and made clean from the Earth flicking to them,
carry them into an open place in rhe fhade, (for
thefe Roots are fo render, that they will not en-
dure the Sun, the leaft heat being apt to dry them
too much ; ) and be fure that they be not heaped
up one upon another ; for thereby it may happen,
that thole underneath may be heated, which would
certainly do them harni, becaufe it might give mo-
tion to the Sprout.

CCCCX VL When the Seafon for Planting the
Bulb, or Young Root is come, you muft manage it
as is before direfled, after having feparated the
Suckeis, which you are to Plant in a Nurfery
made of the lame Earth, as we have ordered for
the Bulb itfelf, at Sell. 408, 409, and 410, afore-
going.

Of the Suckers of a Tulip-
BULB.

CCCCX VII. Thu’ tli e Suckers of Tulip-Bulbs
are Planted chiefly for the increafe of the kind
and not fo much for Ornament, fo that there need
not be fo much care to fit particular Beds for them,
as for their Bulbs-, yet they ought to be Planted
orderly and in Rows, and at ; or 6 Inches dilfance
one from another, and two Inches deep in the
Ground, covering them fmoothly with your Hand ■
after which, you are to take the fame cate of them
as you do of yout Bulbs.

CCCCXV III. How long they are to continue in
the Ground, is the next Coniideration : Some fay
two Yeats, for that fay they, the firft Year they
only fprout, and the fecond Year they multiply ;
Others fiy three Years, for that the third Year they
come to fuch a Perfefdion as to produce Flowers
which feems to he moil Confentaneous to the Na-I
ture and Property of thefe Plants.

CCCCXIX. To prevent thefe Suckers growing
dry. From the time of feparating them from their
Bulbs, to the time of their Re-planting, you mull
tut them into Mors, in fome open place, till you
Plant them again; and fo ufed, they will thrive
admirably.

Obfer

1200 Salmon’ j* Herbal Lib. L

Of the Flowers.

CCCCXX. The Tulip whofe Cup is leaft Con-
vex, is preterrable to that which is very much Con-
vex * a flat Form is faid to he more Beautirul than
a (harp the bottom being alfo proportion d to the
top : lor the bottom is much taken notice or, be-
cause the Stripes or Scrakes which arife from it,
are generally of the finelt colors.

CCCCXX I If its Form and Green is of a mid-
Hr g bigriefs, has a reqmfite larg«neis, and the green
appears a little frizzled, or accompanied withfmall
Streaks* if its color or colors are Luftrous, and
appear like Sattin, or of a Flame colored Red up-
on a White Ground * or is of divers colors with
Shadings, or yellow ltriped with grey * fuch as
thefe are elteemed, and accounted ol the better
kinds-, and fo much the more, it the color is not
contufedly blended, but its Stripes are well fepara-
ted, looking agreeable to the Eye.

CCCCXX 11. The color of the chives are nor
much material, in refpeft to its Beauty but a good
Tulip ought to have its Thrums of a brown color,
and not yellow1. And tho’ it may appear Fne at its
fuff Opening, you ought to fufpend yout Judgment
concern’: g the fame, astoits Goodnefs and Value,
till : or 3 days be palt, before you can rightly make
an Eftimation : Bur this is certain, that in a well
form'd Tulip , the thre< inner Leaves ought to be
la * : ,_r than the tin uiward : And that when it
opens, it it be with its Leaves turn d either inwards
or outwards, or that its Leaves aie too fmall or
thin, it is of no account or value at all.

CCCCXXJII. The Qualities. They are tempe-
ra i in refpefct to heat or cold, drinels or moifture^
but at moft are oniy moift in the beginning ol
the full degree , Aperitive, Stomatick, Chyliflck,
Analeptick, and Spennatogenetick.

CCCCXXIV. The Specification . Of the Saty-
rwn, Diojcondcs , lib. 3. cap. 143, a*kl 144* fays,
TclvtIjj Ai mvuv cv ott'Q UAhavi f'MW rr&f omrioiwcv.
li, me in Vino wgio nojlro bibere oportet , coiura
Opi/lhoionon. 2. Kai ti (ZxMi yuuAtKi ffuunmctatii
lpja quoque utere , fi cum mulierc rent habere volu-
eru '. 3. ytg CL vrlu) xst-1 0f(djJuKIVttV r Ouu*<nx..

Earn enim etiam ad venereos impetus concitatricem
vim habere affirmant. De Satyno erythronio ille
dixit. 4. 'IrfjwTO/ si 077 vf w # ys&t " &■(*'

cLtcoJicnc/., out or, u Si faSihAov- PlO-

djtur & radix 3 ft modo menu teneatur , venerem
ftimulare. , eoque magis, fii bibatur in Vino. And
it Tbeophx aft us’s herba ab Indo quodam allata ,
in lib. 9. cap. 20. be the fame with Satyr ion,
as the moll Learned leem to affirm, he aicribes
much the fame Virtues to it which Diofcorides does.
enuu^o-m i^ Si mvo '\>Si< Ou ydc; orfo enn? x*piy$Kt

dr a ™ *‘^tV 1

jyd m autem venenata , tnirurn in modum herba
poiU v/, uuam Indus attulerat. Non enm folum
edcniibus, fed etiam tangentibus tantum, , gemt all-
bus vim vehement um adeo inf fir are, ut quoties
vellent coin pojjent. Et quidem qui ufi fuerunt,
duodecies potuijje dixerunt. Muhcris vet o vehe-
ment ins etiam atari hbidinem, cum eo Meaica-
minc 11U juerint , dicebatur. tidtc igitur vis fii
vere narratur , tmrfica eft. The Subltance of all
this is. that Satynon (the Root which is only uied,)
is good againlf that fort of Convulfion called the
Opiflhotonos, (fupinus rapuis , in which all the
p-uts of the Body are ConttaSed, Bended, or
Convulfed backwards ; fee my Praxis Medica,
lib 2. cap. 3. fed. 2. ) to increafeSeed, and pow-

erfully to provoke Lull, and that both in Men and
Women : And if fo, it follows of confequence,
that it muft reftore in Confumptions; for that the
Seed is made of the belt and molt Spirituous, and
Saline parts of the Blood, and Blood being the
Progenerator of Flelh, it is reafonable to conclude,
that iince it largely produces Seed, it muft as large -
ly generate Blood, which is that only by which
pined and wafted Bodies are again Nourilhed, and
reftored to their Priftine State of Health. Bodxus
in his Comment upon that place of Theophrafius ,
fays, Tacite ( ille Theaphrajh/s ) ride: illos , qui plan-
us tahtas adferibunt vires, ut fi manutantumtenc-
' anuir vencre.it libidincs immoderatas mover e pojfini,
CCCCXX V. The Preparations As the Root is
the only patt of the Tulip, which is of any ap-
proved Phyfical ufe, fo therefrom you may have,
1. A Liquid Juice. 2. A DecoOwn tn Milk, Canary,
or Water. 3. A Confcrve. 4. Sanguis Satyrio: s,
or the Blood thereof, according to Quercetan, ab Heers
and Schroder. 5. The Compound Lxtratf.

The Virtues.

CCCCXXVI. The Liquid Juice. It may be
clarilied with Whites of Eggs, or ufed limply of
it felt, being immediately extracted ; Dofe from
one Ounce to three, mixe with a (dials ot Canary
every Morning falling, and every Night going to
Bed. It corrobrates the Womb, and Inftruments
of Generation, increafes Seed, provokes Lull, and
is faid to caufe Fruitfulnefs in both Sexes, and
cure Imporency in Men.

CCCCXXVII. The Veccihon in Milk,or Canary,
or in Water. 1 1 has all the former Virtues, but is much
weaker ; if it is made in Water, it ought to be gi-
ven mixed with an equal quantity of generous
Wine, and fo taken Morning and Night, to half
a Pint of the Decoction or more.

CCCCXXVII1. The Conferve. The Root is
boiled or baked fofr, then beaten up with Sugar.
It is of the fame purport, Nourilhes much, is Ke-
ftorative, and is profitable for the Cure of a Phthifis,
or Ulceration of the Lungs, and a Pining Con-
fumption. Dole as much as a large Walnut ,
Morning, Noon and Night, drinking after it to
walli it down, a Glafs of Palm-Wine, or Old
Malaga, and fometimes for change, a draught of
Milk warm from the Cow.

CCCCXX1X. Sanguis Satyrionis, the Blood of
Satyrion. Qiiercetan makes it after this manner.
JJt Raiicem Satyrionis optime mundatam , quam in
Mortario marmoreo probe contunde, donee fonnam
pulpee fortiatur. Ad librat qualuor hujus pulp£ ,
adjice meiulht panis Secalini,& pants Triticei, ana,
libram unam. Omnia invicem probe mixta , O' tan-
tillo vim albi irrigate, injiciantur in Matracium
Vitreum cum collo longo, fubere vel cera Hifpanica
eft mi obiuratum, ut nihil tranjpiret. Hoc Ma-
tracium collocetur in fimo ca/ido, five in Balneo
Vaporojo -, donee Materia in Chyli Sanguine! , ac
rubicund i cohrcm convertatur. Tunc tllam for-
mer preelo exprime, & expreffionem hanc Cbylo-
fam, d Sanguine. m pone in BalneoVaporofo , illui
m hoc fccunda digeflione, majorem acquiret ru-
bedinem ; C* faces aliquot in fundo relinquit, qttcu
(eparabis. Continuando hanc digeftionem, d depu-
rationem, donee materia clarijfimatfi rubicundijfima
apparuerit. Separa ab ilia tunc liquorem clario-
rem per Alcmbicum ad Ignem halnci Vaporofi , &
remanebil in fundo extradum rubicundijfimum,
quod nominant Sanguineum Satyrionis. 2. Ab
Heers, lib. 1. Obfervat. 8. makes it after this man-
ner.

Chap. 714. Enghfh Herbs. 1201

ner. Radio cm Satyrionis , tcontunde ac adds Jen-

fun micas penis albi , propier lentoris dilutionem
Spir. Vini e Malvatio , irroretur. Dein digere
in Bulneo Maria vajc claufo Septim. Tim ex pri-
me, cxpreffum iterum per Menjem digere. Innata-
b it Liquor rubicundus , hunc inclinando Col/ige ob-
jeffis fxcibus. Take Satyrion Roots, beat them
in a Mortar with Crumbs of white Bread, adding
them gradually, or by little and little •, then add
Spirit of Malaga IVine, fprinkling it on, for the
more eafie diluting of the Glutinous or clammy
SuMtance $ digeft it in a clofe Veflel in Balneo for
a Week ^ then (train, and the drained forth Li-
quor digeft again for a Month, fo will a red
Liquor lupernate, which decant, or pour off by
inclination. 3. From Schroder : Lit ex Radice
conquajfata , if cum Lane atque Vino ( Spirit u Vini )
digeft a. It is made of the Root bruifed, and beaten
up with a fufficient quantity of Crumbs of Bread,
and then digeffed with Wine, or Spirit of Wine.
The Virtues of this Preparation, we will give you
from ^u erect an in his own Words. Sanguis ex
Satyrione fingulare Matricis corroborans , if fpe
cijicum eji Re medium ad Concept ionem ■ prolifque
Generationem juvandum , St enliffimijquc quantum
libet Mulieribus fcecunditatis donum impertit viri-
que lmpotentiam ad Priftinum Vigorem reducit.
It caufes Fruitfulnefs in both Sexes, itrengthens the
Inftruments of Generation, and fo comforts the
Womb, as to induce Conception : It provokes Luff,
and cures Impotency in Men, reltoring their Viri-
lity. Dofe two Drams or more, Morning, Noon
and Night, in a Glafs of Generous Wine.

CCCCXXX. Ext raff urn Satyr ionis Compofitum.
Extraft of Satyrion Compound. Take of the
Sanguis Satyrionis Cunple , according to the former
prefeription , a Pound -, Salt of Pearl one Ounce ,
Chymical Oil of Nutmegs , of Cinnamon and of Ani-
feeds , of each a Dram ■, mix them , and keep it for
ufe. It has all the Virtues of the Sanguis Satyri-
onis aforegoing, and very much exceeds it in its
JEffefts : It cures Weaknefs and Faintings, and re-
liores in Confumptions. Dofe 20 Drops, Morn-
ing, Noon and Night, in a Glafs of Generous
Wine.

CCCCXXXI. Nota. Verus Philofophus ulte-
rius adhuc progredietur , if per eandem Vi am turn
ex frumento , turn ex Vino , educet fubftantiam
quondam Sanguine am •, alendi if vivificandi Lacultate
potentem *, qua caufam Gene rat ionis- Carnis, in cor po-
re nojlro indagabit. Quercetanus.

CHAP. DCCXIV.

Of TULIP Bajlard,

I.'T'Z/E Names. It may be called in Latine,
X Tulipa Notha , Tulip a Spuria , the Baftard
Tulip.

II. The Kinds. Thefe Baftard Tulips are all of
them (fo far as I have feen) Prxcoces , or of the
Early forts •, of which we have found growing in
our Gardens thefe Species following, denomina-
ted for the molt part, from the Places or Coun-
tries from whence they were firft brought to us.
t. Tulipa Armenica , The Armenian Tulip. 2. Tu-
lipa Bolonienfts five Bombycina jlore rubro major.
The greater red Bolonian Tulip. 3. Tulipa Ber-
gomenfis , rubra media if minor , five Tulipa pu-
milio rubra 5 The dwarf red Bergomo Tulip, great-

er and lelfer. 4. Tulipa Bolonienfts Flore luted >
the yellow Bolonian Tulip. 5. Tulipa Bicolor
Italic a. The Italian (mail party colored Tulip.
6. Tulipa Byzantine duobus Lloribus Cluftj The
fmall Tulip of Conftantinople. 7. Tulipa de Caf-
fi. The T urky CafFa Tu 1 ip. 8. Tulipa Cretica , The
Candy Tulip. 9. Tulipa It alien, major if minor.
The Italian Tulip greater and lelfer. 10. Tulipa
Lufitanica, five Tulipa pumilio verficolor. The
Portugueze Tulip, or dwarf Stript Tulip. 1 1. Tu-
lipa Narbonenfs, vel Pumilio luiea, TheNarbone,
or dwarf yellow Tulip. 12. Tulipa Pumilio a ka.
The white dwarf Tulip. 13. Tulipa Perftca, The
Perfian Tulip.

Tulip Baftard.

III. The firft, or Armenian Tulip, much differ-
ing from thofe in the former Chapter, its Root is
Bulbous (as other Tulip -Roots are,) and fomething
larger than the Root of the fourth Kind , or yellow
Bolonian following. It bears three , (fometimes
four) fmall, long, and Jomewhat narrow green
Leaves, altogether at one Joint or place, the Stalk
being Naked without Leaves , and not high. At its
top it bears one Flower, which is fmall, and like to
an ordinary Tulip, but fomething more yellow ,
tending to an Orange color, with a black bottom.

IV. The fecond, or greater red Bolonian Tulip.
Its Root is plainly feen to be differing from all
others for it is longer, and has not fo plain an
Eminence at the bottom thereof, as the former
Tulips have, but more efpecially> becaufe the top
is plentifully ftored with a yellowifh Silk -like
Woolline fs ■, its out fide, or Skin of it alfo, is of a
brighter or paler red, not fo eafie to be peeled off,
and it runs under Ground both down-right and fide-
ways, (more efpecially in a Country Soil and Air ,

7 O where

1202 Salmon s Herbal Lib. 1.

where it will increafe abundantly, the? not fo in
our London Air, and Forest Grounds.) fomething
like to the yellow Bolonian Tulip, (at Se£t V l)
following. It J hoots out of the Earth with broad
and long Leaves, but neither fo broad, nor of fo
white or Mealy a green color, as other Tulips, but
more dark than the Serotinz, or late t lower-
ing Tulips j fo that this may eafily be difeerned by
its Leaf from any other Tulip above Ground, by
Juch as are skilled in thefe Flowers. It beats
three Leaves upon its Stalk , (veiy rarely font )
and at the top of the Stalk (which is not long) a
Flower , like to the Tulips, but that its Leaves are
always* long, and fomething narrow, having a large
black bottom, made like unto a Chevern, whojc
point rifes up to the middle of the Leaf, higher
than in any other Tulip. T he Flower is of a pale
red color, nothing fo lively as in the for met Laily
or Late Red Tulips, yet fwceter (for the moft
part ) than any of them, and neareft to the yellow
Bolonian Tulip jollomng, which has much the fame
Smell.

V. The third, or Dwarf red Bergomo Tulip,
greater and letter. T hej'e differ very little fromtbe
lafl iejertbed , Javing that they are much left, and.
fmaller in all their parts, and therefore are called
Dwarfs, in refpeli of them, of which there is a
greater and a leffer: They take their Denomination
or Name, from the place from whence they came

'° VI. The fourth, or yellow Bolonian Tulip. The
Root of this Tulip maybe eafily known from the
former Red, ( or any other kind, ) that it feldom
comes to be fo Urge or big , is not fo Woolly at the
lop , and the Skin or out fide is fomething paler,
harder, and Jharper pointed-, but its bottom is like
the former Red, and not fo eminent at the Early
or Late Tulips. It bears much longer and narrow-
er Leaves than any (except the Narbone and Per-
fian, at Se£l XIII. and XV. following J and of a
whit 'tfh green color : It bears fomctimcs but one
flower on a Stalk, fometimes two, and [ometimes,
tho’ rarely, three, but fmaller ; which are wholly
yellow, more open than the other kinds, and find-
ling fweet. The Head for Seed is fmaller than
in others, and has not that Crown at the Mead there-
of for which reafon the Seed is afo fmaller, but
like to the Seed cf other forts.

VII. The fifth, or fmall Italian Party colored
Tulip, from its fmall Bulbous Root, it fends
forth Leaves , which are fmall , long, and narrow ,
of a dark green color, fomething like to the Leaves
of an Hyacinth. Its flower is fmall alfo, con/ifting
of fix Leaves , three of which are wholly of a red
color , and three wholly of a yellow.

V III. The fixth, or fmall Tulip ofConftantino-
ple The Root is very like to that of the yellow
Bolonian Tulip, (at Seft.' VI.) It is a fmall Riant,
bearing for the moft part two Leaves on the Stalk,
which are fair ana broad, almoft like to the Candy-
Tulip, (at Sett. X.) The Stalk rifes to be about a
foot high , bearing fometimes but one fmall flow-
er, but moft commonly two, one below another, and
are no bigger than the flowers of the yellow Bolo-
nian Tulip, but differing in color ; for this is on
the out fide of a Rurphjh color, mixed with while
and green -, and on the inftde of a fair blufh color,
the bottom and chives being yellow, and the Pen-
dents or Tips b/aeki/h.

IX. The feventh, or Turky - Caffa Tulip. Its
Root is like to others of the Prarcoces, or Early
Tulips, but differ from them in fome other things
or particulars. Its Leaves are a pale green, being
as broad and large aslhofe of a Prsccox ; fometimes
they are crumpled or waved on the edges, and fome

have their edges for a good breadth , of a whitifh ,
or whitifh yellow color •, and in others the Leaves
arc lifted or parted with whitifh yellow and green.
The Stalk rifes up fcarcely to the height oj a Piacox,
and bears a Flower, not unlike to the Early Tulips,
in fome of a reddifh yellow color , with a Ruij er-
cc lord ground or bottom and in others of Jt vend
other colors. The Seed is fo like to that of the
Pracoces, that it is not to be dftinguifhed from it.

X. The eighth, or Candy Tulip. Its Root is

fmall , and fomething like to the Narbone, or Dwarf
yellow Tulip, at Se£L XIII. but a little bigger. It
bears fair broad Leaves, of a greenijh color , and
not very whitifh. The Stalk bears one Flower , which
is larger , and more open than in fome other kinds *,
and is either wholly white , or of a deep red color,
or elfe variably mixt , of white , with a fine redd ft?
Fur pie the bottoms being yellow with Pur pi ft?

chives , tipt with blachfb Pendents. It does diffi-
cultly thrive in this our cold Climate , and prof per s
not well, unlefs a great care be taken of it.

XI. The ninth, or Italian Tulip, greater and
leffer. Their Roots are like to the yellow Bolonian
Tulip, but the Stalks rije not up jo high as in that.
The Leaves of both forts arc writhed in and out
at the edges , or made like a Wave oj the Sea, lying
nearer the Ground. The Flower is yellow within,
brownijh or reddifh on the back, and in the middle
of the three outward Leaves, the edges appear yel-
low. Both thefe Kinds do much referable the Nar-
bone Tulip, and they differ one from another in
nothing , but that the one is greater and the other
leffer.

XII. The tenth, or Portuguese Tulip, v/_ TV.~rf
ftrip’d Tulip. This Twarf Tulip is of the fame
kindred with the gron rr and leffer Italian- juft be-
Jo/e deferibed, and the Narbonenfe, or Dwarf yel-
low Tulip following $ there being no other difference
in this from them, but that the Flower of this has
fome red Veins running in the Leaves thereof.

XIII. The eleventh, or Narbone, or Dwarf yel-
low Tulip. This is very like to the yellow Bolo-
nian ( at SefL VI. above,) as well in its Root, a* in
its Leaf and Flower', as alfo in the color thereof \
being yellow. The only difference is, that it is in
all refpetts leffer and lower, and not fo apt to bear ,
nor Jo eafie to increaje by the Root.

XIV. The twelfth, or white Dwarf Tulip. Its
Root is like the others, its Stalk is longer than other
Dwarfs, and the blower is alfo larger , (being oj a
white color,) than other forts of white Tulips ; but
the Leaves thereof arc narrower.

XV. The thirteenth, or Perfian Tulip. Its Root
is fmall, covered with a thick , hard, blackifh Shell
or Skin, with ayellowifh Woollinefs both at the top
and under the Shell. It is a rare Plant, but is thought
nearly to agree with the Bolonian and Indian Tulips,
in its Root, Leaf and blower. It rifes out of the
Ground at fir ft, with one very long and fmall round
Leaf, which when it is three or four Inches high ,
does open it felf and Jhews forth another fmall
Leaf (as long almoft cu the jonner) breaking out
of the one fide thereof, and after it a third u,,d
fometimes,^1 rarely, a fourth and a fifth, but each
fhorter than other, which afterwards become cj the
breadth of the Dwarf yellow Tulip, at Sett. XIII.
aforegoing, or fomething broader •, but muu> longer
than any other , and abiding more hollow , and of the
color oj the Early Tulips on its infi.de. The Stalk
rifes to be a Foot and a half high fometimes, bearing
one blower of Jix long and pointed Leaves, of the
Form of other fmall Tulips, not much bigger than
the yellow Italian Tulip ; but it is wholly white
on the inftde and outfide of all its Leaves, faving
that on the backs of the three outennoft, from the

Chap. 715. 'Englijb Herbs.

203

middle towards the edges, there is a Jhow of a brown-
ifh blufh , or file red color , yet deeper in the mid ft,
the edges remaining wholly white. TJ)e bottoms of
all thefe Leaves, are of a dark, or Dun Tawney,
and the Chives and Tips of a darkifh purple Tawney.
It feldom bears Seed with us, but when it does, it
is fmall like to the Bolonian or Narbone Tulips ^
nor is it fo plentiful in parting or fetting off by
the Root as they , and feldom Flowers after the
firft Tear.

XVI. The Places. Their Names (hew their
Native Countries, being Nurft up with us only in
Gardens.

XVII. The Times. They are all Prtcoces, and
Flower here in England, thro5 all the time of the
Flowering of the Early Tulips.

XVIII. The Realities, Specification, Preparations
and Virtues of thefe, are the fame with thofe de-
clared at large, in the laft aforegoing Chapter , to
which you are referred.

CHAP. DCCXV.

Of T U R N E P Carden.

I. t~T*'HE Names. It is called in Greek Toyyvrn :
JL of the Lacedemonians, I W? : of the
Boetians, : in Latine, Rapum, pi. Rapa -,

and in Engliih, Turnep, and Turneps.

II. The Kinds. There are 1. The Garden Kinds,
of which in this Chapter. 1. The Wild Kinds, of
which in Chap. 716. next following. Of the Gar-
den Kinds there is 1. Rapum rotundum album com-
mune, The common white round Turnep. 2. Ra-
pum rotundum rubrum commune. The common red
round Turnep. 3. Rapum longum vulgare. The
common long Turnep. 4. Rapum lutcum , The
yellow Turnep.

Turnep Garden round.

The Descriptions*

III. The firft, or common white round Turnep
Its Root is round, ( fometimes of a Globular , and
fometimes of a flatter round form,) and of a white
color both without and within , with a fmall Pigs-
Tail like Root at its bottom , or underneath it :
The rounder forts are faid to be the fironger or
worfer ; the flatter kinds the f wee ter or better
but there are very good and fweet tafled of both
forts, from this Root fpring up many large and
long, rough, green Leaves, with deep and uneven
Gajhes on both edges -, from among thefe Leaves,
rife s up the Stalk, about two Feet high, fpread at
top into many Branches, bearing thereon yellow
Flowers, which turn into long Pods, with blackifh
round Seed in them.

IV. The fecond, or common red round Turnep.
Its Root is of a fair red color on fome parts of the
outfide, the other parts being white like the for-
mer, but of a pure white color throughout within,
as the firft aljo is. This in its Leaves, Stalks ,
Flowers and Seed, is exalt ly like the firft Defcribed ,
but its Root is larger. Tl)is Matthiolus fays,
grows in the Country of Anamia, (where he had
J'een an infinite number of them ) to fuch a bignefs ,
as to have weighed Fifty Pounds weight a piece ,
and fome an Hundred Pounds weight, ( which is
almoft incredible) but we fee this kind is apt to
grow very big with us in our cold Climate and
therefore poffibly it may grow or extend it felf to
a far greater Magnitude in thofe warmer Climates ,
the Soil being alfo agreeable to its Nature, and fa-
cilitating fuch an extraordinary Produllion.

V. The third, or common long Turnep. Its
Root is round, but not Globular, and long, almoft
in fome like a Cylinder, and in others more peaked
or Spear- like, being of a white color both on the out-
fide and inflde. The Leaves, Stalks, Flowers and
Seed, are like to thofe of the firft defcribed.

VI. The fourth, or yellow Turnep. Its Root is
like to the firft common kind, but changes to be more
yellow, and in fome comes near to the color of a
yellow Carrot ■, otherwife whilft it is growing, in
refpett to its Leaves, Stalks, Flowers, and Seed , it
is hard to be difeerned from the firft common Gar-
den Kind.

VII. The Places. The Turnep is a Manured
Plant, and grows with us only in Gardens, or
Fields kept on purpofe for the fame. Thofe which
grow at Hackney, near London, are lelfer than ma-
ny others, and are thought to be fweeter than any
of the other Kinds which grow in England. They
delight in a far and fandy, light, looleEarth, and
there grow well.

VIII. The Times. They are Sown in the Spring,
as alfo in the end of Auguft. They Flower and
Seed the fecond Year after they are Sown. Ger-
ard fays, that thofe which Flower the firft Year
are a degenerate Kind, which the People about
Namptwich in Chefhire, call Mad-neps, from their
evil Qualities, in caufing a Vertigo and Frenzie,
or kind of Madnefs for fome little while. But
Parkinfon fays, that thefe Mad-neps are a Species
of the Parfnep, as we have declared in Chap. 744.
Sell. 7. aforegoing of this Book.

IX. The Qualities. The Roots are hot and
moift in the firft degree. Aperitive, Digeftive,
Anodyn, Difcuftive, Suppurative, PeCtoral, Ne-
phritick, Chylifick and Analeptick. The Seed is
hot and dry in the third degree, Aperitive, At-
tractive, Digeftive, Diuretick, Stomatick, FeCto-

7 N 2 ral,

1204

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

ial, Nephritickand Alexipharmick-, having much
the fame Qualities, Specification, Preparations and
Virtues of MuJUrd-Seed, to which we (hall re-
fer you.

X. T be Specification. It, viz. the Root , removes
Obltruftions of the Lungs and other V Lfcera, breeds
a laudable Chyle and good Juices, and cures Rheu-
matifms, Gouts, and Confumptions.

XI. The Preparations. You may have, I. Ibe
Vinous Juice of the Root. 2. A Spirit from the
fame. 3. A Liquid Juice or Sapa. 4. A Liquid
Juice by exprejfion from the Baked Roots. 5. A
Decotfion of the Roots. 6. The Simple Pulp oj the
Roots , made by Baking or Boiling. 7. T he hxp ref-
fed Oil of the Seed.

good Diet to be obferved of fuch, as have come
out of a Salivation, or other Courfe for the Cure
of the foul Difeafe doing truly much more than
could be reafonably expefled, in compleating the
Cures of thofe Difeafes, beyond many other things
of much greater Name.

XVII. The Exprejfed Oil from the Seed. Being
mixed with Venice Treacle or Mithridate , it is
fingular good again!! Poifon, and malign and in-
fectious Difeafes. Gerard fays, that in the Low
Countries, as Holland , Zealand , plunders , it

is given to eafe rhe After-pains of Women in Child-
Bed \ and they give it both to kill and expel
Worms in Children : And being walhed with Wa-
ter, and then anointed upon the Skin, it takes a~
way its ruggednefs, and makes it foft and Smooth.

77;e Virtues.

XII. The Vinous Juice. It is made of the Ex-
prejfei Juice of the ram Root , by being Hrji beaten
to a Pulp in a Mill , or othermife , and then ex-
preffed out ; after which, it is fermented in wooden
Vans or Vejjels, as Juices of Grapes, Apples,
Pears (ftc. It is a pleafmg Liquor, and may be
drank as Ale, Beer, Cyder, Perry, Wine &c. at
Meals and other times to quench Third. It is
Diuretick, Cordial, and ftrengthens the Stomach
and Bowels.

XIII. Spirit us Raporum -, The Spirit of Turneps.

It is drawn from the aforementioned Liquor, at
you draw Spirit of Wine from Wine. It has much
the fame Virtues with Spirit of Wine, and may be
drank alone, or with Sugar, as you drink Brandy
to warm the Stomach, cherilii the Bowels, and
revive the Spirits. With it you may make Punch
with Water, Lime-Juice and Sugar, as you do
with Brandy, which being drank, will have the
fame EfTefts ; and if taken plentifully or freely,
viz. about half a Pint at a time, I. In the Morn-
ing fading. 2. Half an Hour before Dinner. 3. At
four in the Afternoon ; and 4. At Bed time, and
be continued in the fame manner for 10 or 12
Weeks together, it will Cure a Pining Confump-
tion. And may be ufed in Chymical Operations,
for making T indures, ExtraSs, Cordial Waters,
Spirits, Sac.

XIV. The Liquid Juice or Sapa. It is done by

Expreflion out of either raw Turneps, or after they
are Baked, or Boiled foft in their Skins -, and this
Juice may be taken Simply as it is expreffed our ;
or otherwife made into an Effence, or Sapa, and fo
kept for farther ufe. Thefe Preparations are all
PeHoral, Chylifick, Nutritive, and redore in deep
Confumptions. .

XV. The Decotfion of the Roots. It is good
againd the Rickets in Children, Gouts, Rlieuma-
tifms. Quartan Agues, Adhma’s, Coughs, Wheez-
ings, Shortnefs of Breath, Confumptions ; mcrea-
fes Seed, expels Sand, Gravel, and Tarrarous mat-
ter in the Reins and Bladder, and provokes Urine,
being drank daily as the uiual Drink.

XVI. The Simple Pulp of the Root, made by
Baking or Boiling. If it is eaten without Vinegar
or Salt, only of it felf, or mixed with a little new
Cream, or Milk, and fome pure fine white Bread,
and the Patient confines himlell to Live of it lor
6 7 or 8 Weeks, eating no other Food, neither
Flelh nor Fifh, Pickles, Sawces, or Sweet-Meats,
during that fpace of time, and drinking in the mean
feafon only a drong TecoSion of Turneps, it ef-
feHually cures a Kheumatifm and Gout, as alio
the Scurvy and Confumption, altho’the Patient is
in a very Deplorable Condition it is alio a very

CHAP. DCCXVI.

Of T U R N E P Wild:

0 R,

Wild RAPE.

1. np H E Names. It is called in Greek Asmara

J. Diqfcoridis : and in Latin eLampfane Mat-
thioli , alfo Rapum Sylvefire, and Rapiftrum , ( a Si-
milit uditie Rapi foliorum , and in Engli(h Wild
Turnep.

II. The Kinds., We have two fortspretry com-
mon with us, viz. 1. Rapum non Bulbofmn, Rapum
majus Sylvefire, The greater Wild Rape or lur-
nep; and this is that Rape which yields the Rape-
Seed, or Cole-Seed, out of which Oil is drawn in
Mills by Exprellion, for many Mechanick ufes.

2. Rapiftrum Sylvefire , and Rapiftrum minus. The
leffer wild Rape or Turnep.

Turnep Wild.

The

Chap. 717. Unglifh Herbs.

The Defer iptions.

III. The firft, or greater W ild Turnep. Its Root
is long and J lender , with feme few Fibres adjoin-
ing to it. Its Leaves and Stalk are very like to
tbofe of the Garden long Turnep ^ but they grow
thicker and more plentifully from the Root , and
more crumpled and gafht in on the fides , and more
rough in handling ■, and in the Flowers, Pods and
Seed , it is much alike , and in the whole in its ap-
pearance, differs not much from it : The Seed is
called Rape- Seed and Cole-Seed.

IV. The fecond, orleffer wild Rape, or Turnep.
Its Root is alfo long , and much lejfer or flenderer
than the former , with fame few Fibres ijfuing from
it. Its Leaves are f mailer at bottom , and not jag-
ged., but a little waved. It is not fo plenteous in
Leaves ns the former , but growing fewer , they
are more fparfed upon the Stalks and Branches,
grow upon not very long Footfalls , and the higher
they grow , are more deeply waved on the edges , and
fame times as it were a little jagged. The Flowers
are yellow , after which come pretty long , but /mail ,
and Jharp pointed Pods , in which are contained
final l flat Seed, of a whitifh yellow color.

V. The Places. The firft is found wild in many
Countries, but for the profit which is made of rhe
Seed, we' here in England, as alfo in V landers ,
and other the Low Countries, Manure it, and Sow
it in Fields, and fill therewith vaft Trafls of Land.
The fecond grows wild alfo in our Country. Park-
infen fays, he fonnd it going from Shoreditch by
Bcdnal-Green, to hackney.

VI. The Times. They Flower in May and June,
and the Seed is ripe* in July or Auguft, at what
time they reap their Fields Sown with it, as they
reap Wheat and other Corn.

VII. The Qualities. The Seed, which is that
which is only ufed, is hot and dry in the beginning
of the fecond Degree 5 but the Seed of the leffer
fort is bitter, and almoft as hot as Mufard-Seed,
and of which fome make Muftard, or mix it with
Mufard-Seed, and then ufe it for that purpofe.
It is Abfterfive, Digeftive, Diuretick, and ftrongly
provokes Urine.

VIII. The Specification. It helps the Difcrafy
of the Stomach, ( I mean the Seed of the leffer
kind) provokes Urine, opens Obftru&ions of the
Reins and Bladder, and gives eafe in the Strangury.

IX. The Preparations. Of the Rape-Seed, or
Cole-Seed, is made, An Oil by Exprejfion in a Mill.
Of the leffer kind. An Infufion in Wine. And,
a kind of Muflard or Sawce for Meat.

The Virtues.

X. The Expreffed Oil of the Rape-Seed or Cole-
Seed. It is ufed in Lamps, and therefore called
Lamp-Oil, for which purpofe, it is much better
than Train-Oil, which is made out of Whales, be-
caufe it ftinks not like that. It alfo ferves to make
Soap withal, inftead of Oil Olive : And in divers
places in Germany, Flanders, and the Low-Coun-
tries, they ufe it to Fry their Fifh in, Cfc. It is
fcarcely at all ufed in Phylick, yet. given in Quan-
tities, it opens Obftruftions of the Lungs, and
makes the Belly foluble, giving eafe in the extream
pains of the Cholick.

XI. The Infufion of the Seed bruifed, of the lef-
fer kind, in White Port Wine. It powerfully pro-

I2Q5

yokes Urine, opens Obftrufrions of the Urinary
Veffels, and expels Sand, Gravel, and Tartarous
matter lodged in the Reins, Ureters and Bladder,
and for that reafon gives eafe in the Strangury :
l ou may infufe 4 Ounces in a Quart of Port Wine,
and after 3 or 4 days Digeftion, drink twice or
thrice a day, a quarter of a Pint of the clear Wine :
If it be fweetned with Syrup of Mar Jh- Mallows,
twill be fo much the more effe&ual.

XII. The Muflard or Sawce made of the Seed. It is
made as you make Muflard of Mujlard-Seed. It
lhengthens and warms rhe Stomach, caufes a good
Appetite and Digeftion, and pretty ftrongly pro-
vokes Urine : But it is not altogether fo pleafant as
the Muflard made of Alufiard-Seed, becaufe of its
bitternefs, which it loofes not in a long time.

TUN-HOOF, fee Alehoof, Chap. 6.
TURBITH, fee it in Lib. II. Chap-
TURMERICK, fee it in Lib. II. Cl?ap.

CHAP. DCCXVII.

Of TURNSOLE.

I- HP id E Names. It is called in Greek, 'Hau-
JL T£?W ( quoniam Flores cum foie circumagun -
tur -, or as Theophraflus will have it, becaufe it
Flowers in the Summer Solftice* ) as alfo
Scorpiuron , ( quia fpica Florum Scorpionis caud<e eft
Effigie : ) in Lacine, hcliotropium, Scorpioides al-
bum Gefneri , Solifequium , Verrucaria ( a tollen-
dis verrucis) and Herba Cancri : in Englifh ,
Turnfole.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral forts of this
Plant, as 1. Hehotropium, hcliotropium majus ,
Scorpioides album Gefneri, herba Cancri major
Loniceri, but moft properly Verrucaria, Our com-
mon greater Turnfole, or Wart- Wort. 2. helio -
tr opium majus fupinum Clufij, Dodonai & Gefneri
hehotropium humi fparfum Clufij Lugdunenfi •,
hehotropium minus fupinum Bauhini , The greater
creeping Turnfole. 3. hcliotropium minus re pens
Lobelij -, Hehotropium minus folio Ocimi Gefneri •,
Verrucaria altera minor Lugdunenfis, fmall Turn-
fole. 4. Hcliotropium Tricoccum Plinij, (but feme
add. unto it minus : ) Herba Clitix Camerarij, The
Dying Turnfole. y. hehotropium Indicum Tube-
r of urn, Flos Solis Fame Janus, Jerufilem Hartichoak,
ot which we have already treated, in Chap. 340.
aforegoing.

The Defcriptiotis.

III. The firft, or our common greater Turnfole.
Its Root is f. mail and thready, perifhing every Tear.
It rifes up with one upright Stalk, about a Foot or
more high , dividing or fpr ending it f elf out almcji
from the bottom , into feveral f mailer branches, of a
hoary color. At each Joint of the Stalk and Branch-
es, grow two fmall broad Leaves ^ fomething like to
thofe of Calamint, or Badly but greater than them
of Calamint , and lejfer than the greater Bafil ;
fomething white or hoary aljo. At the tops of the
Stalks and Branches, /land many fmall white Flow-
ers, con fifing of four, and fome times of five very

fmall

12 o6

Salmon’/ Herbal. Lib. 1.

J 'mall Leaves, fet in order one above another ,

<7 fmall crooked Spike -, they grow pretty thick to-
gether in rows , upon one Jtde oj the Stalk , which
Stalk does bend or turn backwards, almojl like a
Scorpions Tail ( whence came that other Name Scor-
poiodes,) which opens by degrees , or grows more
freight, at the Flowers blow open. After which,
in their places come fmall corner'd Seed, four for
the moji part funding together, which fhedding it
felf, rifes again the next Spring.

IV. The fecond, or greater creeping Turnfole-
Its Root is fmall and fibrous, perijhing every Win-
ter as the former does. This in the Judgement of
Clufius, is in a manner the fame with the former

Turnfole Great.

or greater common Turnfole, becaufe it is folike
it in mofl particulars -, but herein it differs , that it
has many more, and flenderer Stalks, not / land-
ing upright as the former , but a little leaning
down to the Ground as it were. The Stalks and
Leaves are l offer, but hoary in like manner. The
Flowers are white, and grow upon crooked f piked
Stalks, bending like a Scorpions Tail, as the other-,
and the Seed is f mailer, funding fingly, or but two
together.

V. The third, or fmall Turnfole. It has a
fender, fibrous, perifhing Root , which fends up
weak, fmall, fender Twigs or Branches, growing
very low, and lying almof upon the Ground -, ha-
ving thereon many fmall Leaves like the other in
Form, but three times lefs in Magnitude, neither
are the Stalks or Leaves white or hoary as the
former, but of a dark green color. The Flowers
are much fmaller, and yellowifh, not growing in
long, crooked, or bending Heads like the others,
nor at the tops of the Branches, but coming forth
at the Joints, upon very fmall Footfalks, fame
above the Leaves, and Jorne under them -, which
afterwards turn into fmall round Heads or bot -

Turnfole Small.

toms, like unto Warts, in which is contained fuel)
like Seed as the la ft , but fmaller t and a little
rounder.

VI. The fourth, or Dying Turnfole. Its Root
is fmall, fender, fibrous or threddy , and pe rifes
every Tear after it has born Seed. It rifes up with
an upright Stalk, fpr coding it felf out diver fly,
into many Branches, and grows to the height of half
a Turd, or thereabouts , on which grow broader and
f of ter Leaves than any of the former, much like to
thnfe of the Sleepy Nightfhade, and whit if? withal,
fet without order at the Joints, up to their tops,
yet growing fmaller than below. At the ends of
the Branches , come forth fmall Mojfy yellowifh

Turnfole Dying.

Chap. 7 1 7. Enghjh ‘Herbs. 1207

ftalk, which is Jfometimcs longer, fomei imesjhort cr,
as it may happen ; which berries are oj a blackifh
green color , and rough or rugged on the out fide ,
within which is contained Aft colored Seed ; which
if the Head is f offered to grow to be over-ripe , and
be dryed in the Sun , will Jail out of themfelves up-
012 the Ground , and Spring again in their Natural
places the next Tear , by which means it conftantly
renews it fclft Thefe Berries when they are at their
full Maturity , have within them , that is , between
the outward Skin, and inner Kernel or Seed, a cer-
tain Juice, which being rubbed upon Paper or Cloth,
at firft appears of a freft and lively Green color ;
but prefcntly after changes into a kind of blewifh
Purple.

VII. T he Places. Thefe all grow in Spam,
Italy, France , and other hot Countries •, but the firft
and fecond thrive very well with us : The third
with Care, is Manured in fome of our Gardens :
The laft I had growing in one of my Plantations
in Carolina, where I found it would grow and thrive
as well as in Spain or Italy.

VIII. The Times. They all of them Flower
about the Summer Solftice, or when the Sun enters
into Cancer in their Native Places, and the two
firft with us; but the two latter fcarcely bear any
Seed here in England , by reafon of the coldnefs
of our Clime.

IX. The Qualities. Thefe T urnfoles are all of
them hot and dry in the firft degree ; Abfterfive,
Aftringeht, Cardiack, ar4 Alexipharmick.

X. The Specification. They are faid to be Spe-
cificks againft Fluxes of Blood, and of the Belly,
Stinging of Scorpions, Bitings of th cPha/angium,
Poilon, Stone or Gravel in the. Reins or Bladder •,
Strangury, provoke the Courfes, caufe ipeedy and
eafie Delivery to Women in Travel ; kill Worms,
cure Agues and Fevers, give eafe in the Gout, In-
flamation of the Brain, the Bitings of Serpents, and
all other Venomous Creatures •, and being rubbed
upon Warts, or other like hard Excrefcences or
Kernels, it is faid to confume them by little and
little, and to take them away, by often ufiag the
dame.

XI. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. The Juice of the Green Herb or Plant.
2. The Simple Decotfion in Wine. 3. The Com-
pound Decotfion. 4. The Seed. $. The Cataplafm.
6 . The ' T urnfole Clouts.

The Virtues.

XII. The Juice of the Green Herb or Plant.
It is faid to purge Choler and Flegm * and given
to one or two Spoonfuls in Wine, it is good againft
the Stinging of Scorpions, the bruifed Herb being
alfo applyed to the partdjprt. It kills Worms in
the Belly, both long and round ; and is good, being
mixed with a little Salt, againft Warts, Wens,
and hard Kernels, they being often Bathed there-
with, and the Green Leaves being bruifed, being
applyed thereto.

XIII. T be Simple Decotfion in Wine. It has all
the former Virtues, being given to half a Pint,
and it may be given either alone, or mixt with an
equal quantity of White Wine.

XIV. The Compound Decotfion. It is made by
boiling the Herb with Cummin-Seed, Hyjfop, Cref-
fes , and Sal Nitre in White-Wine. It is good
againft the Stone in the Reins and Bladder, as alfo
againft Sand, Gravel, and Tartarous matter in
thofe parts -, kills Worms of all kinds in the Bow-
sis, and cures Tertian and Quartan Agues * Dofe

half a Pint as aforefaid • befides which, it has all
the Virtues of the Juice aforementioned. If the
Decotfion is made of th e Dying Turnfole, it is faid
to be good againft all Venomous Creatures, but
chiefly againft the Biting of the Spider Phalangi-
ttm, as alio the Stinging of Scorpions ; the bruifed
Herb being alfo applyed thereto.

XV. The Seed reduced into Pouder. It may be
given from a Scruple to two Scruples or more, in
any convenient Vehicle at Night going to Bed. It
kills Worms in rhe Stomach and other Bowels *
and being taken alfo every Night conftantly, and
alfo 3 Hours before rhe coming of rhe Fits of Ter-
tian and Quartan Agues, it is Lid to cure them.

XVI. The Cataplafm of the Green Leaves. It
is good againft the Stinging of Wafps, Hornets,
and Scorpions, the bitings of ihe Phalangium, Vi*
per, and other Serpents; and prevails againft the
Gout in any part, or any place much pained ; as
alfo the D.feafe called Syrians, which is an Infia-
mation of the Head, or parts about the Brain-, in
all thefe cafes it gives eafe after a Angular and ad-
mirable manner; and being often and continually
applyed for fome time, it perfectly cures them.

XVII. The T urnfole Clouts. Thefe are they
which are Sold in our Druggies Shops for T urnfole,
being nothing elfe but old Rags dipt into the Juice
of the full ripe Turnfole Berries, of the fourth
Species, that which is commorly called the Dying
Turnfole. The Juice of thefe Berries without
doubt is Cordial, and cheers all the Spirits Natural,
Vital, and Animal ; but nootherufeis made of ir,
or of thefe Turnfole Clouts, but only to turn Wh'ie
Wines into Claret, or a Claret color, and to color
Tarts, Sweet-Meats, Gellies, and fuch other like
things into a Glorious red color. But when one
confiders, that thefe Turnfole Cfruts are old Shifts,
Shirts, Smocks, Drawers, old nafty Stockings,
coming off from Poor, Mangy, Leprous, and
Scabby Creatures, who have worn them feveral
Weeks, yea Months, and fometimes till rhev have
rotted off from thofe Wretched, Difeafed Cre.;rtircs
Backs; and that unwafht, or fo foul and filthy as
they are, they are dipt into this Glorious and Pre-
cious Turnjole Juice , which is fo dryed upon
them ; it would make not a Nice, but even an Or-
dinary and Ruftick Stomach, loarh to touch them,
much more to abominate the Wine, Tarts, Gel-
lies, Ejc. which are colored with them: However
l leave the matter to every ones Appetite, to dif-
penfe with it according to their feveral likings.
As for my own part, 1 could never yet bring my
Mind to the leaf! ufing thereof, fcarcely to the
touching of thofe Filthy Rags or Clouts, without
a detellation and abhorrence of them in the laft de-
gree : But as 1 find them, fo I leave them, and re-
mit their ufe to every ones Difcretion, and to gra-
tifie the Stomachs and Appetites of thofe who make
no fcruple of fuch a kind of Naftinefs.

CHAP. DCCXVIII.

Of T U T S A N j Or Park-Leaves.

I. /_Tn II E Names. It is called in Greek, ’AvSH-
.1. aui/xov : (a Sanguine Humano cui coma Juc-
cus affimilatur.) Galen lays it is of two forts, the
one called Dionyfias by fome ; the other Afcyri-
um, or Afcyroides, i. e. Pet ers- Wort, of which we
have already difeourfed in its proper place, viz.

1 208 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. 1.

Chap. 560. aforegoing. The fir It, which is that
we treat of in this Chapter , is called in Greek as
aforefaid ; and in Latin zAndrof&mon, or Androfa-
mum from the Greek-, and in Englilh, T utjan, or
Park- Leaves -, becaule it is lb common or familiar
in Groves, Woods and Parks, that it grows almolt
no where elfe.

II. The Kinds. The mod ufuai with us are,
T. An dr ojamum vulgar c, A ndroj tmian Camcrarij ,
Dcdonai, Gefneri , if Lugduncnfis Androftmum
Dio/coridss , Galeni , if Phnij , L<fJalpino Cen-
tered Theophrafti , tho’ Lom Advcrjarja denys
it, and fays it is the Clymenum Italorum , as^i^/b/-

and Gift or Durantes alfo fay and that it is
alfo called, Herba Siciliana, becaule they thought
it grew naturally no where but in Sicily. Andro -
fee mum maximum j rut efeens Bauhini -, Androfdtmum
majus Camerarij Our common Tutfan or Park-
Leaves. 2. Androfamum Matthioli -, Fufchij , La-
cun£ , Cordi, Gefneri A ndrof am um minus Came-
rarij ■, magnum Lobelij , t? excellentius ejufdem ,
(becaufe that he thought that the former or firft,
was not worthy of the Name of Androfamum : )
Lodonaus will have it to be Rut a Sylveftns Diofco-
ridis , and therefore calls it Rata Syivcftris Hyperi-
coides , becaule Diof cor ides lays, that R#/a Sy/
veftris was called hypericon , by lome in his time :
Parkinfon takes it to be Hypericon fecundum Tra-
gi, and the A ndrof a mum Campoclarcnfe Columns:
Androftmum alter um jolijs Hyper ici Bauhini , quod
aliquibifs Hypcricoides , The Tutfan or Park-Leaves
of Matthiolus , alfo Johns-wort Tutfan. 3. Andro-
Jsmum all ct um ft pul um Column & * A ndrofemum per -
foliatum & per for at um Bauhini yht Tutfan of Naples.

'the Defcriptions.

III. The firft, or our common Tutfan, or Park-
Leaves. Its Root is brownijh , fome thing great ,
&W and woody , fpre adding it Jelf well in the

Tutfan, or Park- Leaves.

Ground. It rijes up with Stalks which are brown-
ijh, Jhining and round , ('/fttf fquare , //Vcf thofe oj
Alcyrum £/- Peters- Wort,) crefted all their whole
length , r//J>7£ to be two , cW fomctimes 5 Fa’f high ,
and fpreading out into Branches , raw from the
bottom ■, but more thinly fet , being farther

af under, having divers joints, and at each of them
two fair large Leaves, ft an ding but more thinly
fet than oj the other forts, of a dark blcwifh green
color on the upper fide , 0/ a yellower green

underneath, turning reddijh towards Autumn, but
• abiding on the Branches all the Winter. At the
tops of the Stalks and Branches, [land larger yel-
low blowers than in Hypericon or Afcyrum, and
Heads or Berries with Seed, which is likewife lar-
gerwhich being green at fir ft, and afterwards
reddijh , turn to be of a blackijh Purple color when
they are through t'ipe,^ with Jmall brownift) Seed
within them and then yifli a reddijh Juice, oj a
reajonable good Smell, Jomething Ref nous, and oj
an harjh or Styptick Tafte, as the Leaves and Flow-
ers alfo be, tho3 much lefs in that Qualification :

■ Gerard fays, that the juice prefied out of the Leaves
is like Claret- Wine* but Parkinfon denys it to yield
a l iquor of fuch a high pure rednejs.

IV. The fecond, or the Tutfan, or Park-Leaves of
Matthiolus, or Johns-wort Tutfan, unlefs you would
call it A fey rum magnum. Great Peters- W orr, becaufe

Tutfan of 4 Matthiolus:

O R,

Tutlan J thru -Wort.

this is fo like it. It has a brownijh, long, fender,
fibrous Root, which is Perennual , and fends up round
brownijh Stalks , ( whereas the Stalks of Peters-wort
are fquare, tho ’ accidentally they are fometimes
found to be round,) which have two Leaves at every

joint.

Chap. 7 i 8. TLnglijh Herbs. 1209

Joint , fuller of Branches , but otherwife very like
10 Hypericon Johns- Wort j but the Branches are
thinner Jet with Leaves, much J mailer and greener
than thofe of the former Tutfan, but greater than
thofe of Hypericon, without any perforations or
holes at all in them. The Blowers are yellow , and
greater than they , and fo are the Heads or Berries
with Seed , but /potted with black Streaks on them:
The Leaves and blowers both , do give a red Juice ,
like to that of Hypericon cr Johns-wort, by which it
may be plainly known, as alfo difinguifhed from out-
common Tut fan before defcribed. The Stalks dye
and perifh upon the coming on of Winter.

V. The third, or Tutlanot Naples Its Root is
fibrous and reddijh , which fends forth reddifh or
brownifh round Stalks, not much above a Boot high ,
with two crefled Strokes like Bilms all their whole
length -, it is full of Branches, and more bufhy
than the laft, but grows not fo tall as it, having
two Leaves growing at every Joint, fo clofely join-
ed thereto at the bottom, that the faid Stalks or
Branches , feem to run through them -, yet are lejfer
than the laft defcribed of Matthiolus, are fharp
pointed, of a frefher green color, and Jmooth on
the upper file, but white underneath, and having
many f mall holes therein, fo fmall as fcarcely to
be perceived -, and for the moft part are greater and
broader towards the tops , than they are below :
The Blowers at the tops of the Branches, are of a
paler yellow color, and many more fet together than
in the other • who fe green Husks wherein they Jland,
have blackifh Spots on theh, which fo abide when
the Heads are full of Seed. Both Leaves and Blow-
ers yield a reddifh or bloody Juice (as the others do,)

• being bruifed between ones Bingers.

VI. The Places. Thefirft grows in many Groves,
Woods, Forrelts, Parks, and Woody-places, and
by Hedge-fides in many parts of England -, as by
Rally in Effex, in the Woalds of Kent , Hampftead-
Wood, and many other places. The fecond is found
growing about Brifiol and Bath, and feveral other
parts of the Weft-Country. The third is a Native
of the Kingdom of Naples, but with us is only
Nurft up in Gardens.

VII. The Times. They all Flower later than
Hyper icon or Afcyrum-. They all Flower in July
or Auguft, the Seed or Berries, in the mean tiftie
growing ripe. The Leaves become red in Autumn,
at which time their red Winey Juice may be preft
forth.

VIII. The Qualities. Tut fan is hot and dry in
the firft Degree, Abfterfive, Altringent, Vulnerary,
and Cathartick.

IX. The Specification. It feems to have all the
Virtues of Hypericon and Afcyrumy viz. Johns and
Peters-Worts is good againft the Gout and Scia -
tica, heals Burnings by Fire, flops the Bleeding of
Wounds, heals Ipeedily all fimple Wounds, alfo
Ulcers and Fiftuia’s.

X. The Preparations. You may have there-
from , 1. A Liquid Juice or E fence from the
Leaves, Blowers and Berries. 2. An Infufion of
the fame in Water or Wine, done as Thea is made,
and to be drank in the fame manner. 3 . A Pouder
of the Seed. 4. A Wound Drink. 5. ABafamor
Oil. 6. A Qataplafm of the frefh Herb.

'The Virtues.

XI. The Liquid Juice or Ejfence. Two or three
Spoonfuls of it given in Barabar , or other Styptick
red Wine, flops all forts of inward Bleeding in the
Vifcera , whether proceeding from inward Wounds,

or opening of the Mouths of the Veiiels, 01 . ny
other cuule whatfoever ^ as Spitting and Vomiting
of Blood, the Bloody-FTux, Pilling of Blood, and
the Overflowing of the Terms in Women, or of the
Loches in Child-Bed. It has many other good Pro-
perties alfo, and is profitable againft Agues and
Fevers, and flops all forts of Fluxes of the Bow-
els j and is of excellent ufe in curing a Gonorrhoea,
Univerfals being premifed.

XII. The Infufion in Water, 8 ic. Iris made as
Thea, and drunk with a little double refined Sugar,
in the fame manner. It has all the iormer Virtues,
(but weaker) pleafes and gratifies theSromach, and
alfo flrengthens ic and all the other Bowels ^ be-
fides which, it is of good ufe in flopping Catarrhs.

XIII. The Pouder of the Seed. It is very Abflef-
five, and purges Cholerick Humors as Diofcqrides
fays : And being taken to two Drams in Honey'd
Water, Mead, 01 New White-Port Wine, it is a
Angular Remedy againft the Sciatica and Gotir,
and ocher like Rheumatick pains * being alfo ap-
plyed to green Wounds, it prefently flops their
Bleeding.

XIV. The Wound-Drink. Take of the Infufion
of the Leaves , Blowers and Berries, fame of them ,
or all of them , in Wine, or in half Water half Wine,
a quart : Of the Liquid Juice or Ejfence a Pint-,
of Spirit of Wine 3 Ounces-, Honey, enough to give
it a plcafing Sweet nefs -, mix and diffo/ve. It is a
good Wound-Drink, being taken inwardly, (to half’
a Pint at a time) Morning, Noon, and Night.
Outwardly ufed alfo as a Lotion , it cleanfes
Wounds, Ulcers and Fiftuia’s, and induces their
fpeedy Healing.

XV. The Balfam or Oil. The Oil is made ex-
aflly as Oil of Hyper icon, in Chap. 407. Sell. 14.
15. The Balfam, as that at Sett. 16. of the fame
Chapter. Or thus : Take of the Simple Oil two
Pounds-, Balfam of Peru a Pound-, Chio Turpen-
tine half a Pound : melt, and mix all very well to-
gether, and then add Chymical Oil of Oranges fix
Ounces : mix them-, and continue to fir them till
nearly cold. It has all the Virtues of the Simple
and Compound Oils , and is excellent for any Pain
or Grief proceeding from cold and moifture, Over-
ftraining of the Joints, Weaknefs of any other
parts, Contufions, Burnings, Punflures of the
Mufcles, Nerves and Tendons •, or any Wound,
Hurt, or Ulcer, whether inward or outward, few
other Medicaments being luperior to it. Dole
inwardly from a Dram to two Drams, drinking a
Glafs of Styptick red Wine after it.

XVI. The Qataplafm of the frefh Leaves. It
cures Burnings and Scaldings, and applyed upon
frefh made Wounds, it flops their Bleeding, more
efpecially if the Pouder of the dryed Herb or Seed
be firft plentifully ftrewed upon them, and then it
quickly heals them. Gerard fays, that being laid
upon Broken Shins, and Scabby Legs, it heals tiiem
as alfo many other Griefs of like kind.

TWA-BLADE, fee Bifoil, Chap. 67.

TWO -PENNY -GRASS, fee Money -Wort,
(Chap. 496.

7 p CHAP.

i2io Salmon j- Herbal Lib. L

CHAP. DCCXIX.

Of VALERIAN Garden:

0 R,

S E T W A L L.

I. np H E Names. It is called in Arabick, F u :

_L ;n Greek Netf*/1©- ayeun in Latine,

Thu , A r ius agrep u vel Sylveftrn-, ailo Valeri-
ana i a multi* quibus valet facultatibus. ) Some call
it T her ic aria, becaufe it is a great Ingredient in
Treacle and Mithridate : ) alfo Herba Bene ditto. *,
and by P urate Jus , Terdina : in Englifh, Valerian ,
or Set wall

II. The Kinds. Authors make many Species of
this Plant we divide it into I. Valeriana Horten-
/is , Garden, of which in this Chapter. 2. Valeri-
ana Sylvejlns , Wild, of which in the next. Of
the Garden Kinds , thefe following are the chief
v hich grow with us, viz. 1. Thu majus Hortenfe ,
Valeriana major Horten/is , Our great Garden Va-

1 nan or Setwall Set wall is alfo a Name given

to Zeaoary, an Exotick never known to grow in
c i'v cold Climates, of which we (hall (God wil-
1'i-g pi.- r c cularlv difeourfe in the fecond Book of

Herbal. 1. Thu minus, Valeriana minor Hor-
ter./is , The left': Garden Valerian, or Setwall.
3. Valerum ru -a Dodonai, Qamerari ;, Thu Pe-
regrin,.n; . anier an j Ocimaftrutn Lob eli j j Vale-

rio cthon, Tolemonij altera fpecies Ge/neri •, Red
an. 4. Valeriana Greet a Dodonei •, Valeria-
7: a Teregrina Corner ari] (f Lobelij ■, Valeriana Cteru-
iea hauhmi , Greek Valerian. 5. Valeriana minor
Annua , Valeriana Petrea, Small Rock, or Annual
V alerian. 6. Valeriana Cretica Tuber o/a -, A a;'
dus Cretica Belli , ( .ecaule the Roots have the
Smell of Nard9 th 7 the whole Form of the Herb
is moll like a Valerian : ) Tuberous Valerian of
Candy. 7. Valeriana lndica, Valeriana Mexicana

2 ripolium Diofcorides Cortujo , Indian Valerian.

The Defer iptio?ts.

III. The firft, or our Great Garden Valerian, or

Setwall. It has a Root about an Inch thick , Jhort
and grayijh , lying jor the mojt part above Ground ,
(7/.' which particular , Figure here is defeflive)

jh. cting forth a Sloop under the upper part of the
Earthy and J hooting forth on all. fide s fuch fmall
pieces of Roots, which have all oj them many long
and great Strings and Fibres under them, by which
it is jaftned to the Earth , and by which it draws its
Nourifhment : This Root is of a pie af ant fweet
Smell when it is broken , and fmells fweet er and
more llrong than either Leaf or Elowcr , and is
of more uje in Medicine. From the Heads oj thefe
Roots , fpring up many green Leaves , w’ich at fir/}
are fomething broad and long , without any divifion
at all in them, or denting on the edges : But they that
rife up afterwards , are more and more divided on
each fde, fame to the middle Rib , being in a man-
ner Winged , as if many Leaves were growing toge
ther on a middle part ■, and thefe growing alfo in
the Stalk it fdj , are mere divided , but f mailer
towards the fop than thefe which grow below. The
Stalk rifes to be about a Yard high or more ,
Jometimes Branched at the top , replcat with /mall

Valerian Garden, Great.

whitijh Viewers , which are Jometimes dajht over
at the edges with a pale purplijh color , having
but a weak Smell ■, they being paji away , there fol-
lows J mall browr.ifh white Seed , that is coftly car-
ried away wuh the Wind. Camerarius Jays , there
is a Mountain Kind of this Species , fourd ,n Savoy,
which is more fweet than this , /mailing not much
unlike to a full ripe Citron, and is more fojt or
gentle in feeling tdian this is.

Valerian Garden, Small.

IV. The

Chap. 719. Englijh ‘Herbs .

1 2 1 1

VI. The fecond, or Idler Garden Valerian. The
Roots of this , are long and final f and very full tf
Tib res or white Threds , fmelling like to the fmall
Wild Valerian. It is in its Growth and Leaves
very like unto the laft , but much J, mailer , having
its Leaves divided much in the fame manner -, the
lowernroft at bottom of the Stalk being without any
divifton at all in them. The Stalks are not above
half the height of the other , bearing fmall Tufts of
vtnitifh purplifh blowers.

V. The third, or red Valerian. Its Root is great,
thick , and white, continuing long, and J, hooting out
new Branches every Tear. It has feveral hard,
mbit ifh , brittle green Stalks, full of Tuberous or
Swelling Joints, at which ft and two Leaves one on
each fide, and now and then fome fmall Leaves
from between them, which are fomewhat long and
narrow , broadeR in the middle, fmall at the lower
end, and J harp pointed, of a pale green color , and
without any Divifton or Dent on the edges. The
Stalks are 3 or 4 beet high , branched at their tops
at the ends of which, come forth many blowers to-
gether, fomething like to the blowers of the firft ,
or our great Garden Valerian, but with longer
Necks, of a fine red color , without any of the
Valerian Smell. After the blowers have Rood blown
a good while, they fuddenly fall away-, and the Seed
which is fmall and naked, with a little Tuft of
Down at the top thereof, ( whereby it is eafily car-
riel away with the Wind,) ripens quickly after.

VI. The fourth, or Greek Valerian. Its Root
conftfts of a number of fmall, long, blackifh Fibres
or Threads, without any of the Valerian Scent. It

Valerian Greek.

has many Winged Leaves lying on the Ground, Jome-
thing like to the Wild Valerian, which grows by
Ditch ftdes, but more render and fmall -, from a-
rnong which, rife up two or three round, hollow,
brittle Stalks, two or three Feet high , on which are
fet at the Joints, fuch like Leaves as grow below,
but f mailer : The tops of the Stalks are divided in-

to many ftnall Branches full of Flowers, each eon -
fifting of five fmall round pointed Leaves, of a
fair, bleak, blew color in fome Plants, anl in
others white, with fome white Threads ti.pt with
yellow Pendents in the middle. After the blowers
are pa ft, there come up in their places , fmall, hard
Heads, containing fmall blackifh Seed.

VII. The fifrh, or fmall Rock, or Annual Va-
lerian.. Its Root is fmall, fender and fib rous. Its
Stalk is ft raight, not r'tfing above a Foot high, di-
viding it felf into Branches towards the top, and
that always by couples. The bottom Leaves are
whole, long, and a little roundifh pointed. The

Valerian Rock :

0 R ,

Annual Small Setts all.

higher Leaves are deeply notched or dented on both
edges . The blowers are fmall, of a whit iff) purple
color, confifting of five round pointed Leaves , upon
round rough Heads, which when the Flowers are
fallen, become Star fafhwrid, divided into five
parts.

VIII. The fixth, or Tuberous Valerian of Gandy.
The Root in its upper part is roundifh, fhort and
Tuberous -, from whence fhoot forth round about ir
fmall long Strings, each of which having at its end ,
a fmall longifh round Tuberous Root, fafinedtothe
fame, not much unlike to the manner of FiNpenduIa
Roots, whofe Smell is very much like to that of
our firft great Garden Valerian, before defer ibed.
The firft Leaves which Spring up from the upper-
moft great Tuber, lye upon the Ground round about
the fame, and are green, thick and round, like to
the Leaves of Afarabacca, and fometimes greater.
The next which come after them are longer, and
much divided or cut in on the edges and tbofc
which yet follow, are more and more divided ■, fo
that thefe which grow upon the Stalk, are very like
7 P 2 ths

Salmon s 'Herbal. Lib. L

the divided heaves of our firft, or great Garden
Valerian. The Stalk is hollow, and rifes up to he
about two Vert high or more , having here and there
two' f mailer Leaves Jet at a Joint, At the lop
whereof, zobieh is divided into feme f trailer Branch-
es, J} and many white Viewers in an L rebel, thick fct
together, fmewhat larger than thofc of our firfl
Garden kind, which turn- afterwards into fmall
fiat Seed, with a little Down at t he Head thereof.

IX'. The Seventh, or Indian Valerian. Its Root
is fmall and ftringy, prrijhing every 'tear, with the
firfl froft. It quickly grows up int o a Sralk ;
from the firft Leaves which fpring up, which are
but few, next the Ground, fomething long and
broad, and fame what like unto the fir It Leaves of
the Mountain Spicknard, of a pale green color.
The Stalk is weak and hollow, not JDndir.g up-
right, but leaning or bending downwards, fet with
fame Joints, at which (land two long Leaves, like
to thofc below, but a little nm e .coved on the edges:
And at the Joints Jhoot forth, afo two Branches
fometimes, on each fide one -, and fometimes but
one Branch on one fide, which are divvied, and at
the lefts do fend foith many Vinners, Jet thick to-
gether, in an Mabel or lift, each of nth rob is
fosnewh.it long, an I ends in five divijtom, two of
/ uppertn if whereof are bt cutler and Jhorter than
the ref I the other two hanging down as Isabels or
Lips,' and the fifth Leaf 'which is the great eft, Jl ani-
ing in the middle: hi J ome Pljnts, this blower
nibi/Ji in its Bud, is of a deep red or purple, and
of a pale purple color being open ; whiljt in fame
others, it is of a Milk white. Each oj them Hand
in a fmall green Husk, in which after the blower
is fallen, is a Head which contains the Seed, which
opening of it felj, Jheds its Seed on the Ground, if
not ( when it is ripe) carefully tended and gather-
ed ; which ts J'pongy, rounder, bigger, and blacker
than any of the other Valerians, and without any
Down at its end. He whole Plant is utterly with-
out any Smell, and almoft without any T ajle.

X. The Places. The full is faid by D iofcondcs
to grow in Pont ns, and is found growing in the
wet Grounds of Mountains, and other moilt pla-
ces, and is a common Herb in our Gardens, asalfo
the fbcond. The thtrd and fourth, asalfo the fifth,
are Garden Plants with us, nor do we know any
other Natural places of their Growth. The fe-
yemh is faid to come from Mexico in the Wejt-
lniies s but it was firft fa-ought to us from Italy ;
and as Baubinus fays, that which bears the Purple
flowers, grows in that part of Italy called Latium,
or the Country of the Latinos ; and in a ptace cal-
ls J Siculus, tor which reafon ibme have called it,

! hi/eriana Sicula ; but that with' the white Flower
in the Country of th e Sabines, and is now with us a
Garden Plant, being Nurlt up by the more Curi-
ous. The fixth, tho’ growing with us, is a Na-
tive of Candy. .

XI. The Times. They all Flower m the Sum-

mer Months of June and July ; and the Indian
kind, if it is Planted early, will Flower early,
and continue Flowering, till the Frofts put a check
to it. , .

XII. The Qualities. As the Roots are chiefly
ufed, fo the green ot frelh Roots, ate faid to be
temperate in refpe£t of heat or cold -, but being
dryed, are hot and dry in the firft degree. Aperi-
tive, Diureticlt, Abfterfive, Vulnerary, Nephri-
tick, Cardiack, Alexipharmick, and Emmenago-

b XIII. The Specification. Valerian is good againft
the Stone, Sand, Gravel and Strangury, Poifon,
Plague, yellow Jaundice, Wounds, Ulcers, and
the like.

| XIV. The Prepart ions. You may make there-
from, I . A Liquid Juke or Effence of the Herb
and Root. 2. A DecoSion Simple. 3. ADecotii-
on Compound. 4. A Poudcr of the Root. f. A
Bafdnt. 6. A Cataplafm. 7. A Dijlil/ed Water.
8. A Spirituous TinSure of the Root. 9. An Acid
TinSure of the fame. Where note, that the firft
Garden kind is molt ufed ; and fome lay that the
Idler kind is ftrongeft, and molt efficacious.

'The Virtues.

XV. The Liquid Juice or Effence. They warm
and comfort the Stomach and Bowels, provoke
Urine, and are profitable againft the Strangury ;
are good againft Pleuritick pains, and pains of the
Hypochonders ; refill Poifon, and provoke the
Terms in Women. Dofe 2, 4, or 6 Spoonfuls,
taken Morning and Night in a Glafs of Generous
Wine: It kills Worms in the Stomach and Belly.

XVI. The Simple Decolhon. Ic provokes Urine
plentifully, helps Cbftruflions of the Stomach and
lungs ; is good againft the Stinging or Bitings of
Poifonous or Venomous Creatures, as alio the
Malignity of any Peftilential Difeafe, yea, of the
Plague it felf. Matthiolus fays, that the Decocti-
on of the Root of the Lejjer Valerian , is more
potent in refilling Poifons, or Intentions of the
Phgue, than the greater. In cafes of Poifon and
Inte&ion, it is bett made in Wine. This is gene-
rally called in England, the Poor Man's Remedy,
after taking a great Cold to drink it, and Sweat-
ing after it ; as alfo to difpel Wind, and eafe the
Choi ick : dropt into the Eyes, it clears the Eye-fight.

XVII. The DecoSion Compound. Take Roots of
Valerian 8 Ounces, Raifons ficned 6 Ounces, Li-
quorice bntifed or J craped, 1 Ounces, An feeds
bruifed one Ounce , Wine two Quarts ; boil till a
Pint is confined, fir am out and keep it for ufe.

It is good againft Afthma’s, Coughs, Cold, diffi-
culty of Breathing, Hoarfenefs, Wheezings, and
other Difttmpeis of the Lungs, opening the Paf-
fages, and caufing an Expectoration of the Morbi-
fick matter.

XVni. The Fender of the Root. Galen fays,
that it is like to A Urdus, or Spicknard in quality,
and for all the fame purpofes, but much weaker-,
yet it provokes Urine more plentifully 'ban either
the Indian or Syrian bKardus ; and therein is like
unto the Cellick Nardus. Pliny fays, that the
Pouder given in Drink, or in the former Simple
DecoSion in Wine, does help all ObltruQions of
the Stomach and Lungs, or of any other part; as
alfo pains of the Pleura, Hypochonders and the
like ; and it is given in the Colick and Stone, or
Strangury, or ObltruSions of the Terms ; againft
the Plague, and all forts of Peftilential Fevers,
Poifon, and the Stinging or Bitings of Venomous
Creatures ; and has all die Virtues of the Juice ,
Ejjence, and Simple DecoSion aforegoing. Dofe
to one Dram in Wine, or fome proper Vehicle.

XIX- The Balfam. Ic is good to cure green
Wounds, as alfo old Ulcers, the Sores being firlt
walhed either in the aforenamed Simple DecoSion,
or the Spirituous TinSure following. It alfo
cures Fittula’s, it Pander of Tobacco Leaves be
mixed with it.

XX. I he Cataplafm. It is made of the Green
Herb with the Root, by beating in a Mortar. Be-
ing applyed to the Head, ic eafes the Head-ach,
and the vehement Shooting therein -, ltops Catarrhs
and Rheums, or thin Deflexions of Humors. Itis
good to heal Cuts, Wounds or Sores, as alio fimple

Contu-

121 3

Chap. 720, EngUJh Herbs.

Conciilions, and to draw Splinters or Thorns out of
the Flelh. And is profitably applyed to the Swellings
of the Cods from Cold or Wind, being applyed to
them, after fomenting with the Simple Decoflion.

XXL The Difilled Water from Herb and Root,
of the greater Valerian in May. It has all the
Virtues of the Juice , EJfence , and Simple Dccottion.
Mixt with rhe Juice or Effence, and fo taken, it
is more effeUual, and is a prefer vative againft the
Peftilence or Plague when that Difeafe reigns ; fo
alfo taken, it kills Worms in the Belly, and the
fame mixture aropt into the Eyes, it takes away
the dimnefs of Sight, or any Pearl, Haw, Web, or
Film therein. And if therewith green Wounds or
old Ulcers be wafht, it induces their fpeedy healing.

XXII. The Spirituous Tinllure. It ftrengthens
and fortifies the Stomach, and prevails againft the
Colick, Palpitation of the Heart, Fainting Fits,
Sicknefs at Stomach, and the like. ^)ofe half a
Spoonful to one Spoonful, in a Glafwf Wine.

XXIII. The Acid Tinllure. It is a Specifick
againft the Plague or Peftiience, and all other ma-
lign Fevers and Difeafes : ftrengthens and forti-
fies the Stomach, caule a good Appetite and Di-
geftion, and refills Poifon. Dole s o drops or more,
in a Glafs of Wine, or Wine and Water.

CHAP. DCCXX.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firft, or greater Wild Valerian. Its
Root is J. lender , with a Bufh cfwkckijb Threads
or Strings , which fend forth other Fibres or
Threads of increafc -, be fide s which , the lower
Branches do Jhoct forth Fibrous Roots alfo. It
rifes with a Stalk and fcveral Winged Leaves,
oj which , the end Leaf is the large ft, of a fad
green color, with few or almoji no dents on the
edges -, the Stalk has two fucb like winged
Leaves at every Joint, as grow below, but
J mailer •, and at the top branched into Heads or
Umbels of J. mall whiti/h Purple Flowers, but
deeper than thofe of the firft, or Great Garden
Valerian.

IV. The fecond, or letter Wild Valerian. Its
Roots are fiender , groining a- ft ope, creeping, and
full of fine fmall Threads, having but little Smell.
It much refembles the former in its Stalk, winged
Leaves, Flowers , and manner and form of grow-
ing, but far lefts. Be fide s , the firft Leaves there -

Valerian Wild, Small.

0/ VALERIAN Wild.

I. /T' H E Karnes. It is called in Greek, q>* *-
Jl yeiov: in Latine, Phu Sylvefire, Valeriana
Sylvefiris -, Valeriana Palufiris in Englifh, Wild
Valerian.

II. The Kinds. There are two forts thereof,
viz. 1. Valeriana Sylvefiris major. The greater
Wild Valerian. 2. Valeriana Sylvefiris minor.
The Iefler Wild Valerian.

Valerian Wild, Greater.

cf are fingie, whole and undivided ■, whilfi the 0-
ihers which come forth after upon the Stalks, are
winged, and exalt ly like the former, yet much lefs.
The Stalks are not much above a Foot high , on
whofe tops grow J poky r undies of Flowers, like the
firft, of a light whitifh purple color.

V. The Places. They both grow in Marfhes
and wet Meadows, by Rivers and Waters fides,
Watery Ditches and Ponds, in many parts of Eng-
land but the greater kind for its ufefulnefs, is
now brought into Gardens, and Nurft up there,
where it fiourifhes very well •, whilft the Iefler will

fcarcely

1214 Salmon j- Herbal. Lib. 1.

fcarcely admit of fuch a Tranfplantation, nor
thrive at all there, unlefs it be a very moift or
watery Ground.

VI. The Times. They both Flower in June ,
July and Auguff , viz when the Garden kinds
alfo do.

VII. The Amities, Specification, Preparations
and Virtues of tnefe, are by Authors accounted to
be the fame with thole of the Garden kinds in the
former Chapter.

VI I I. Not a i. The Juice of the Wild Valerian
is held by later Herbarilts, to be good for fuch as
are troubled with Ruptures, or broken Bellies, and
fuch as are afflicted with Cramps and Convulfions *
and to cure fimple Contufions occafioned by Falls,
Bruifes and the like. Dofe 3 or 4 Ounces, Morn-
ing and Evening, in a Glafs of Wine.

IX. Nota 7. The Ponder of the Roots of either
the greater or leffer kinds. If it is given to a Dram
at a time in any convenient Vehicle, efpecially in
White Port Wine, it is fa.id to cleanfe the Sto-
mach and Bowels of Slimy, Acrimonious, and
Filthy Humors , by Purging them away both up-
wards and downwards.

VENUS-BASON, fee Teafle, Chap. 686.
VENUS-HAIR, fee Maiden-Hair, Chap. 463.
VENUS-COMB,/^ Shepherds-Needle, Ch. 630.
VENUS -LOOKING -Glafs, fee Corn-Violet,
( Chap.

CHAP. DCCXXI.

Of V E R V A I N.

I. 'T*' H E Names. It is called in Greek, 'U(£
J CoTttVn, i. e. Herba Sacra -, and rUe/r tgefy,
Periflereon : in Latine, Sagminalis Herba , Matri -
calls, Columbaria , Columbaris , Columbana , Exupera ,
Martialis , Herculania , terraria and Verbenaca ;
but the molt ufual Latine Name for it is, Verbena ,
quafi herbena , i. e. Herba bona : in Englifh,
Vervain.

II. The Kinds. We (hall treat of but three forts,
viz. 1. Verbena vulgaris , Verbena mas , Verbena
retta , Common Male, or upright Vervain. 2. Ver-
bena peregrina , Verbena taimina , Verbena fupina
Foreign, Female, or bending down Vervain • and
this fort all Authors call the Female kind. 3. Ver-
bena Peruana , Verbena Americana , Verbena Caro -
liniana , (which I fo call, becaule I found it thrice
in fome parts of the South Carolina) American, or
Peruvian Vervain.

T be Defer iptions.

III. The firft, or our Common Male, or upright
Vervain. Its Root is /mail , long and jlringy , and
oj little or no ufe. It has divers fome what long
and broad Leaves next the Ground , deeply gafht
towards their bottoms the other parts being deeply
dented about life edges and fome of them only
deeply dented , or cut all alike , of & blackifh green
color on the upper fide, and grayifh underneath.
The Stalk is J equate , and Jpread out into divers
Branches , fifing up about 2 Feet high , ( efpecially

VERVAIN.

if you account therewith , the long Spikes of F lowers
at the tops,) which are fet on all ftdes thereof one
above another, and fometimes two or three together,
being fmall and gaping, of a purplifh blew color ,
with white intermixt • after which, come fmall round
Seed, in fmall and fomewhat long Heads.

IV. The fecond, or Foreign Female, or bending
down Vervain. The Root is altogether like the for-
mer, perifhing after Seed time : It has divers Jmal-
ler and weaker fquare Stalks, leaning or bending
down towards the Ground, and fome of them al-
mofi lying thereon, not flan ding fo upright as the
former •, fpread out into many more [mailer Branch -
es, and having fuch like Leaves growing on them at
the feveral Joints, but much jmaller, and more di-
vided or cut in, making them feem to be fo many
Leaves fet on both fides the middle Ribs, of a gray-
ifh green above, and more gray underneath. The
Flowers grow in the fame manner which the others
do, in fmall long Spikes, being of a deeper blew
color than the other, otherwife in Form not unlike.
The Seed which follows is like it alfo, and falling
of its own accord, raifes it felf of its own Sowing.

V. Thethird, or American, or Peruvian Vervain.
This in its Roots , Stalks, Leaves, Flowers, and
manner of growing, is much like unto the lafl, but
grows greater , and. abides green in Winter, aa well
cm Summer, in its own Native Place of Growth $
but with us, it will not abide our cold Winters, but
perifhes by the LJnnaturalnefs and Frigidity of our
Climates.

VI. The Places. The firft grows Wild gene-
rally throughout all England, by Hedges and
High-ways fides, in Borders of Fields and other
wafte Grounds. The fecond is no wild Plant with
us, but is Nuift up in Gardens. Thelaft is a Na-
tive of America, as in Peru and Carolina, in the
South of which, I tound it in three feveral parts.

VII. The

Chap. 721, ‘Enghjb ‘Herbs. 1215

VII. The Times. The firft Flowers about July,
and the Seed is ripe in fome fmall time alter.
The fecond w 11 not endure a Winters Blaft beiore
it Seeds with us *, and therefore feldom Flowering
before Winter, it fcarcely brings its Seed to perfetti-
on here. The third Flowers in America in July
and Auguft.

VIII. The Qualities. Vervain is hot in the firft
degree, and dry in the fecond : Aperitive, Abfter-
five, Anodyn, Diuretick and Vulnerary Pulmo-
nick, Nephritick, Arthritick, and Alexipharmick.

IX. The Specification. It is good againft Afthma’s.
Coughs, Colds, Wheezings, Hoarlenefs, Biting1-,
and Stinging of Serpents, mad Dogs, Hornets,
Scorpions, and other Venomous Creatures : It pre-
vails againft the yellow Jaundice, Dropfy, Gout,
Strangury, ObftruHions oi the Reins and Bladder,
the Colick, and all ocher inward Pains and Torments
of the Bowels. It kills Worms in Stomach and Bel-
ly, prevails againft Tertian and Quartan Agues, all
lorts ot malign Dlfeafes, and the Plague or Pelti-
lence it felf It Hops Bleeding whether inward or
outward, conlolidates and heals Green Wounds
as alfo old Ulcers and Filtula’s, whether in the
Mouth, Throat, Secrets, Arms, Thighs, Legs, or
other parts ol the Body. It abates Ir.ftamations,
takes away Determines ol the Skin, cleanfes and
clears the Eye-fight.

X. The Preparations. You may make thereof,
r. A Liquid Juice, z. An Ejjence. 3. A De-
coition in Wine or Water. 4. A Lotion. 5. A
Pouder. 6. A Baljam. 7. A Cataplafm. 8. A
DiftiHedWater. 9. A Spirituous Tincture. 10. An
Acid Tintturc. 1 1 . An Oily Tin&ure. 1 2. A Li-
quid Juice oj the American.

The Virtues .

XI. The Liquid Juice. It is drying, bitter and
binding, an opener ol Obftru&ions, cleanfing and
healing: It cures the yellow Jaundice, Drop ly and
Gout, opens Obttruftions of the Lungs, Liver,
Spleen, Reins, Mcfentery and Bladder 5 gives eafe
in the C dick, and all inward Pains and Torments
whatloever It is good againft the Bitings and
Stingings ol Vipers, and other Serpents, mad Dogs,
Hornets, Scorpions, Tarantula , and otner Veno-
mous Creacures-, prevails againft the Plague or
Peftilence, and all other malign Difeafes* cures
Tertian and Quartan Agues, and kills and expels
Worms out of the Stomach and Belly -, caufes a
good Color in the Face ; is effe&ual againft the
Difeafes of the Stomach and Lungs, as Fainting,
Swooning, Loathing, want of Appetite, Indigefti-
on. Coughs, Colds, Afthma’s, Wheezing, (horenefs
of Breath, difficulty of Breathing, and other like
Difeafes of thofe Parts. Dole 2 Ounces, more or
lefs. Morning and Night, in White Port or Lisbon
Wine, or Honied Water.

XII. The Ejjence. It has all the former Virtues,
and more effe&ual to all the fame purpofes and
intentions befides which, it is good againft the
Dropfy, as alfo againft the Stone, Gravel, Sand
and Tartarous Mucilage in the Reins and Bladder,
cleanfing them of all forts of vifeous matter which
may generate the Stone. It confolidates and heals
all fimple green Wounds and Ulcers, Fiftula’s, and
other like Sores in the Mouth, Throat, Secrets,
Legs, and other parts, they being walhed there-
with. Applyed with Oil of Rofes and Vinegar , to
the Forehead and Temples, it eafes their inveterate
Pains, and is good for fuch as are fallen into a
Frenzy . Dofe from one Spoonful to two, to be ta-
ken in the like Vehicle and manner as the former.

XIII. The Deceit ton oj ihe whole Herb in Wine
or Water. It has all the Virtues of the Juice and
Ejjence , but as it is weaker, fb it muft be given in
much larger quantities, as from a quarter to half
a Pint, Iweetned wirh fine Sugar.

XIV. The Lotion. Take a Pint of either Juice
or Ejjence , three quarters of a Pint of the Tecotli-
on • Honey 4 Ounces j mix and dijfolve. It cures
Wounds and Ulcers both extern: 1 and internal,
whether in the Stomach, Guts, orMefenrery* flops
Bleeding, and outwardly by walfnng therewith,
heals fimple green Wounds, old Ulcers, Fiftula’s^r.
in Mouth, Throat, Secrets, Arms, Legs, ific. it
cleanfes, drys, and quickly heals them.

XV. The Pouder of the Herb and Plotters. It
has the Virtues of the Juice and EfTence, and may
be given Morning and Night from half a Diam to
a Dram and halt, in any proper Syrup, or other fit
Vehicle, which the Parient belt likes. Outwardly
ftrewed upon old putrid Ulcers, it cleanles and drys
them, and induces their healing.

XVI. The Baljam. It is a lingular Vulnerary,
heals fimple green Wounds almolt upon the lpor*
and cleanfes old running Sores, Ulcers and Fiftula’s,
and in a Ihort time after cures them. Applyed al-
io to the Gout, it gives eafe in the fame.

XVII. The Cataplafm. Made of the bruifed
green Leaves with fome Vinegar, it eafes Pains in
my parr, admirably cleanfes the Skin, taking away
M or phew, Scurf’ Pimples, Freckles, and other
like Deformities theteof!

X. VIII. The Lift tiled Water. Dropt into the
Eyes, it cleanfes them from M.fts, Clouds, Films,
or other things which obfufeate the Sight, and ve-
ry much ftrengthens the Optick Nerves -, but it is
much more effectual for this purpofe, if it is mixt
with an equal quantity or more, of the Juice or
Ejjence aforegoing. The faid Water, (but efpeci-
ally mixed with the Juice or Ejjence) is an excel-
lent Abfterfive, to cleanfe and free the Skin from
moft deformities afFe&ing the fame. It heals green
Wounds, cleanfes and drys old running Sues, Ul-
cers, Fiftula’s, (Jc.

XIX. The Spirituous Tinffure. It has the Vir-
tues ot the Juice and Ejjence , arid gives eale in ihe
Piles, they being bathed therewith. Dole one
Spoonful in a Glafs ot Wine.

XX. The Acid Tinfture. It is given in the
Plague or Peftilence, as alfo in all malign and
pelfilential Fevers : Dofe fo many Drops as to give
the Vehicle a pleafing Acidity, to be often repeat-
ed in the Day.

XXI. The OilyTintture. It is good againft the
Stone and Gravel in Rems and Bladder, rhe Stran-
gury, and all Obttru&ions, Pains and Difeafes in
thole parts. Dofe from 1 5 to 25 Drops, dropt in-
to white Sugar, and taken in a Decoition of Par fly
Roots.

XXII. The Juice of the American Vervain.
Monardi/s fays, that it goes far beyond either of
the former : He fays, that a certain Noble Woman
in the Weft Indies , having ufed divers Phyfiiians
in vain, an Indian Pbyfitian , very skilful in Herbs,
gave her rhe Juice oj this Vervain to drink, with
fome Sugar mixed therewith, (to abate fome of its
bitternefs) by the ufe of which, Ihe voided in a
few days, a thick long Worm, being hairy, about
a Foot long, and forked at the Tail, after which,
file grew well. The fame Noble Woman, com-
mended the fame to another Woman in Peru, who
had not been well of a long time, who having ta-
ken it in the fame manner for feveral days, at
length voided many fmall and long Worms, and
among the reft, one very long, like unto a long
white Girdle, after which (he became well. And

this

1 2i 6 Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. 1.

this veiv thing being given to mar/y others, who
complained in like manner, they were all loon Cu-
red, by voiding their Worms more or lei's * and
fome by voiding Rouls or Balls ot Hair, and other
Heterogeneous things. It is held to be no lei's ef-
feftual againlt all manner of Poifon, as ail'o the
Birings ot Serpents, and other Venomous Crea-
tures. Many other great things Mo minim lpeaks
hereof, which fuch as pleafe, may have recourfe
to the Author tor the lame.

CHAP. DCCXXII.

Of VETCHES not bitter.

Karnes. The Vetch is called in Greek
JL iii/.i y, ’z(t£zx.ov, * K uctuoi '• in La tine,

Vicia, pi. Vicia ■, in Engl till, the Vetch or Tare. But
we make a diftinftion ^ lor iho?all the Species are
called Vetches, yet the Manured kinds are molt
commonly called Tares ; and ot ihofe, both the
Manured and Wild forts of them, we have alread
treated in Chap. 6 S3. and 684. aforegoing ^ the
other kinds mote commonly called Vetches , reman
to be treated ot in this and the tollowing Chapters

II The Kinds. Of thefe forts of Vetches , we
make two pi inci pal Species, vis • 1. The Vetches
not bitter , of which we treat in this prefent place.
2 The bitter Vetches , ot which we (hall difcourle
in the Chapter next enfuing.

III. The Kinds of Vetches not bitter. There is
a large Stock of thefe, many of which grow in
Foreign Parrs, and tar d Itant Regions, which we
polftnly may not fee in many Ages^ ot thefe Stran-
gers wc (hail fay nothing-, but thole ot wnich we
treat, lhall be what are daily round growing Wild
among!! us, or aie other wile Nurlt up by the Curi
ous in their Gardens, the chief of which are thefe
following. 1. ’A :<*■.* ’ayeia: in Latine, Aphaca ,
Aphaca Sylvefris, The yellow Wild .Vetch- Lug-
dunenfis takes it to be the o:cCdyyj, 0 rob ant he •
Theophrafli , lib. 5. cap. 22. Caufarum ■, which
grows amonglt Orobus and ltrangles it. Anguilara
and Came ran us take it to be his n'mvti, Tit me :
Lobe l calls it Aphaca Diofcoridis -, and Lugdunenfis ,
Orobanche Legume n , (becaufe he acknowledges a-
nother Orobanche.) It is the Elat me tertia Taber-
n<emontani , and the Vida lute a jo/ijs Convolvuli
mincris Bauhini. 2. ’A Altragalus, Milk
Vetch * it isalfo called jjJtraga/oides herbariorum ,
Aflragalus Kothus , Baliard, or bafe Milk Vetch.
3 . 'HiNm&v, tie dyf arum, Securidaca , Hatchet Vetch,
which is ot two kinds, firlt, Hedyfarum majm,
Securidaca major vera , The true greater Hatchet-
Vetch, or Sicklewort. 4. Secondly, Hedyfarum
minus, Securidaca minor. The lelfer Hatchet Vetch.
5. her rum Equinum majm Tabernamcntani, Solea
Equina Lugdunenfis , The greater Horfe- Shooe
Vetch. 6. Terr urn Equinum minus. The lelfer
Horfe - Shooe Vetch. 7. Ornithopodium majm ,
Pes Avis major. The greater Birds Foot, (fo cal-
led from the iorm of the Pods.) 8. Ornithopodi-
um minus, Pes Avis minor , The lelfer Birds-Foot.
9. Ornithopodium radice nodofa. Knotted Birds-
Foot. 10. Anthyllis Lcguminoja vulgaris Clufij -,
Anthyllis prior Dodonti ; Lagopodium Tabernxmon-
tani Anthyllis Lenttjimilis Lobelij ■, Anhetica
Saxonum Phalij Vulneraria ruflica Gefneri. , (be-
caufe his Country - Men called it Wundkraut ,
Wound-Wort : ) Loto ajfinis vulneraria pratenfs

I tiaubini, Our common Kidney Ve ch, 1 j. Stella
LeguminoJ a Lobelij -, Vicia Sefamacea Column * Bau-
hino, (which Name i think Bauhine has wrongful-
ly applyed-, ) The Star Codded Vetch. 12. V.eta
Glycyrrhizata Gerardi G/aux vulgaris Legutni-
nrfa. The Liquorice like Vetch. It is the ternu-
grecum Sy he fire Tragi & Dodonai rhe Glycyr-
rhiza Sylvejins Gejneri and the Glaux vulgaris
Lobelij. 13. Vicia Glycyi rhizata a' ter a • Glaux al-
tera Leguminofa, Glycyrrhiza Sylvejins a'nCa-
merarij x3 Thalij , The ocher Liquorice like Vetch.

The Descriptions.

IV. The firlt, or yellow Wild Vetch. Its Root
is fmall and long, with many tibres, not enduring
all Winter, but perifhmg every I car. It nfes up
higher than Lentils, with many weak, fender , and
cornered Stalks full of Joints , with Jmall Leaves
at them, fet by couples cloje together , until they be
well grown, which then (fond more jepar ate, each
of which is broad at bottom , as it were enciofmg the
Stalk, and Jmall and Jharp at the end, jotnc thing

Vetch Yellow, Wild.

like to the fmall Bindweed Leaves , branching up-
wards, and every one ending in a fmall Clafper.
The flowers come jorthat lie Joints of the Leaves y
and Clajprrs with them, j>am the middle upwards \
oj a pate yellowilh color, and after them fmall, and
Jomewhat flat Cods , longer than thofe of Lentils, in
which lye 4 or 7 hard , black, round, flattijh , fhi-
ning Grains or Tares.

V. The fecond, or Bt Hard, or bafe Milk Vetch.
Its Root grows great and thick at the Head , tough
and woody, running deep into the Earth , and abi-
ding

Chap. 722.

ding many Tears -, but all its Stalks perij. 1) every
Year, new ariftng again in the Spring , which are
fever al. , upright , and hard crrftcd , growing to a
Yard in height , and Jet on all ftdes with winged
Leaves , four or five couple on a middle Rib , 0/" 0
m-/ fad green color , 770 bigger than thofe of Len-
tils. Tta Ylowers (land at the tops of the Stalks

Vetch Milk Ballard.

and Branches , many fet together , which are J. wall
and fhort , 0/ a dead purplifh color , turning Wan
with (landing ■, and change into finally black , and
almofl round pointed Cods , 777 which are contained
4 or 5 fmall blackifh Grains or Fulfe.

VI. The third, or the true great Hatchet Vetcl^
or Sickle-wort. i/x R00/ ;x fmall, perijhing every
Year. It grows not above a boot high , with divers
winged Leaves growing on its Stalks , which are fo
weak , <2/ 7707 to Jland upright. Each of the Leaves
is fmall , 770/ t;07^ long, and round at the end. At
the top are many fmall yellow blowers, (Matthiolus
fays reddijh, in which he was mi (taken : ) After
which , come as many long, flat, thin, reddijh, fmall
crooked pointed Cods, containing flat and reddifl)
Grains ■, fo lying in them , that they may be dif-
cerned thro 5 the Cod ■, the whole Cod being compa-
red in Form to a Hatchet.

VII. The fourth, or teller Hatchet Vetch. Its
Root is like the former, and perifhes Yearly with
us. In form and manner of growing, it is much
like to the former, but fome thing lejfer -, yet not
much lower, if it grows in any good Ground. The
Flowers grow many together , of a pale yellow color,
and after them come fmall crooked Cods, bowed
almofl together, or much like to a Horje-Sbooe -,
in which lye pale brown Grains, not fully round,
but fquare and lejfer.

VIII. The fifth, or greater Horfe-Shooe Vetch.
Its Root is flender, 3 or 4 Inches long, with feveral
bibres or Strings adjoining , white and hard, and
lives many Years. It has divers fmall winged
Leaves, fet on fmall weak Stalks, leaning, or ra-
ther ly ing upon the Ground, each Leaf being fmall,
fhort, a little longifh, almofl round pointed , of a
wh'ttijh green color. At the Joints with the Leaves,
come forth Jingle blowers, viz. one at a place, on
a very fhort b'ootflalk, being fmall and yellow •
after which, follow a long flat Cod, a little bowed ,
and cut or divided on the Concave or inner edge
into 4, 5, or 6 Divifions , each being cut in round,
fomething like the Letter C. or like an Horfe-Shooe,
whence it took its Name •, in which lye fo many
Grains, rut there are f paces between the Chafms or
Cuts, which are fmall, longifh and crooked.

IX. Thefixth, or lelfer Horfe-Shooe Vetch. This
in its Roots, Stalks, Branches, Leaves, blowers.
Cods , and manner of growing, is very like to the
former or greater kind, but lejfer by the half, the
Stalks being not abovfthree or Jour Inches long, and
lying clofe upon the Ground , and is of a little whi-
ter color than it.

X. The feventh, or greater Birds-foot Vetch. It has
a long, flender, flringy Root, running deep into the
Earth. It is a fmall Vetch, ( tbo’ greater than the
next ) not growing above a Span, or 8 or 9 Inches
high , with many Branches fpread on the Ground, -
fet with many Wings of fmall Leaves, in manner
of the lafl Vetches, but much f mailer. The blowers
grow upon the Branches, many fmall ones fet in a
Tuft or Head together, of a pale yellow color, which
afterwards turn into fo many fmall jointed Codsy
well refe tabling the Claws of a fmall Bird, ( whence
7 Q. the

1 2 18 Salmon j-

the 'Name -, ) in which are contained many Jmall
round Grains.

XI. The eighth, or lefler Birds-Foot Vetch. This in

its Roots , Stalks , Leaves , blowers. Cods , and man-
ner of growing , fr //£* /fo former , /’«/ <-///

//x parts, and growing with its Branches and Leaves
in a more handfom manner, in which is all the dif-
ference.

XII. The ninth, or Knotted Birds-Foot Vetch. This
ha* in its Roots many final l white Knots or Kernels
among its Fibres 5 otherwije in its Stalks , Winged
Leaves , Flowers , Cods , and manner of growing, it
is like to the greater Birds- loot, Javing that the
Flowers are of a pale whitijh red color the Cods
difinCl by Joints, and the whole Plant fomething
larger.

XIII- The tenth, or our common Kidney Vetch-
Jr s Root is long, blackijh on the out fide, white with-
in, parted many limes into 2 or 3 or more long parts,
with feme Fibres adjoining to them. It is a fmall
Plant, Jcurccly growing to be a Foot high, having
many I Kinged Leaves coming from the Root, which
arc fomething fmall, long , Jojt , fappy, pointed,
green on the upper fide, and woolly underneath net
always jet orderly one againfl another , but confu-
Jedly, the greeted and longefi being at the end,

Vetch Kidney, Common *

which fome unadvijfdly have compared to Lentil-
Lraves, but bigger - among the Leaves rife up
foft Stalks, divided into Branches, with the like
'Winged Leaves on them. At their tops grow Tufts
of many fmall yellowifh fwcet Flowers, fometimes
of a white, or pale purple, not much unlike, at
Clufius fays, in form to thofe of the Meadow-
Trefoil, (landing in white hoary Husks. After the
Flowers are pa ft, there come in thofe Husks or Tods,
fmall , round, flattifh Grains, very like to thofe of

Herbal Lib. I.

the Meadow-Trefoil, but a little redder, and ufu-
ally but one in a Cod.

XIV. The eleventh, or Star Codded Vetch. Its
Root is fmall, flcnder, and yel/owijh, running deep
into the Ground. It grows to be about 6 Inches,
or it may be a Span high, with upright Stalks, on
which are fet many Winged Leaves, confifmg of
many very fmall Leaves, like unto thoje of the
Birds-Foot. From the Joints of the Stalks with

- the Leaves, comes a Tuft of fmall pale yellow
Flowers, upon a fmall prickly jading Footftalk,
which turn into 5 or 6 fmall, long, crooked pointed
Cods, funding one again ft another, like unto a Srar,
from whence came the Aame -, but not jointed at the
Birds-foot are, having within them fmall brownijh
Seed, of the Tafle oj other Tulje, but a little clam-
my withal.

XV. The twelfth, or Liquorice like Vetch. Its
Root is thick and long , dividing it felf into two or
three very long Strings, running very deep into the
Ground, ( as deep even as Liquorice Root ) fweet
in Tafe like to Liquorice, which dyes not, but
abides long, footing four new Branches every Tear
in the Spring. From whence rife up many weak,
round, hard Stalks , trailing on the Ground, branch-
ed upwards-, fet fomething thick with Winged
Leaves , made of many lejfer ones, fet by couples
upon a middle Rib, much like to thofe of the great
Wild Tare, in Chap. 683. Sefl. 8. aforegoing, and
one larger , and pointed alfo at the end. The
blowers come forth at the Joints, many together ,
funding upon a long Footfalk, of a bleak white co-
lor, tending to yellow , which turn into crooked
Cods, containing two rows of Grains , cornered. ,
grayifh , and of the Tafe of other Tulfes.

XVI. The thirteenth, or other Liquorice like
Vetch. Its Root is like the former, thick , and ve-
ry long, fpr coding , and running deep into the
Ground, and fweet in Tafle as the former, abi-
ding many Tears and according to Thalius, is ve-
ry like to the True Liquorice. It has fuch like
Stalks and Winged Leaves as the laf, but not
fpreading fo far, nor leaning fo much down -, nor
are the Winged Leaves fo large, but of a darker
green on the upperfide, and gray underneath. The
blowers are of a Turplijh color. The Cods are
brownijh, long, and round and the Grains with-
in them more round than the former.

• XVII. The Tlaces. The firft grows in divers
Corn-Fields in Kent, as about Hartford, where
Gerard lays he had found it. The fecond is Nurft
up in Gardens with us. The third and fourth
grow alfo in our Gardens. The fifth and fixthare
Natural to the Britifh Climates, being often jound
upon dry Heaths, as beyond Deptford and Swanf-
comb in Kent, and feveral other places. The fe-
venth, eighth and ninth, grow alfo with us on
Heaths, and open Untill’d places, in many parts
of England. The tenth and eleventh, as alfo the
feventh, are found likewife in many places of this
Land : Gerard fays, he found them all three
growing upon Hampfl cad -Heath, near London,
right againlt the Beacon, going from London, near
to a Gravel- Pi t^ and that they grow upon Black -
Heath , in the Highway leading from Greenwich
to Charlton, within half a Mile of the Town.
The twelfth Gerard fays, he found growing in
Suffolk, in the Highway on the right Hand, as you
go from Sudbury, to Corner Church, about 10c
Paces from the end of the Town ; and in many
other places of the fame County ; and in Effex,
about Dunmow, and in the Towns called Clare

and

Chap . 7 2 2 . ‘Englijh Herbs . 1219

and Henninghjm It grows alfo by Purjlecl , a-
bout the Foot of the Hill on which the Wind-Mill
Hands, and leveral other parts of Kent . It grows
in many places about Cambridge -, in Glaringdon-
Park by Salisbury , and at Thrapfion in A 'orthamp-
tonjbire , and many other places of this Land. The
thirteenth grows Wild in Germany , but I have
not heard that it has been found in our Country,
faring where it has been Nurft up in Gardens.

XVIII. The Times. The fitft and fecond, third,
fourth, fifth and fixth. Flower in July , and the
Seed is ripe in Augujl or September. The feventh,
eighth and ninth, Flower in the Summer Months.
The tenth and eleventh Flower towards the latter
end of July, and thro’ the Month of Augujl , the
Seed coming to ripenefs in fome little time after.
The twelfth and thirteenth Flower in June , and
their Grain or Pulfe is ripe in Augufl.

XIX. The Qualities. As to their Qualities,
they ate all hoc and dty in the firlt degree ; their
Grains or Pulfe abounding in a vaft quantity of
Volatile Salt, and therefore are Abfterfive, Aftrin-
gent, Diutetick and Nutritive, hiving all the pro-
perties of the common Manured Tare The Milk
Vetch is Diuretick and Vulnerary. The Hatchet
Vetch is Vulnerafy, Stomatick, and Alextpharmick.
The Horfe-Shooe Vetch is of the fame nature, but
l'carcely at all ufed in Phyfick. The Biris-Foot
Vetch is Aperitive, Aftringent, Diuretick, and Vul-
nerary. The Kidney Vetches ate Vulnerary, Diu-
retick, and Nephritick. The Liquorice Vetch , as
to its Root, it has the fame properties with the true
Liquorice , yet are wholly negleaed, and not known
to be uled in Phyfick, I fuppofe becaufe the true
Liquorice is fo plentiful, common, and eafie to
be had.

XX. The Specification. The yellow Wild Vetch
is Aftringent, and Hops Fluxes. The Milk Vetch
is good againft the Strangury, provokes Urine,
Hops Fluxes of the Bowels, flops Bleeding, drys
up, and heals Wounds and Ulcers. The Hatchet
Vetch , the Grains Itrengthen the Stomach, caufe a
good Appetite, open ObftruSions of the Vifcera ,
refitt and expel Poifon, and help againft the Bi-
tings and Stinging of Venomous Creatures ; kill
Worms in the Belly ; cleanfe and heal old running
Sores, and foul Ulcers, and are laid to take away
ScurfF Morphew, and other Deformities of the
Skin ’ The Horfe-Shooe Vetch , has the fame Vir-
tues and ufes with the Hatchet Vetch , juft now
enumerated. The Birds Foot Vetch is faid to break
the Stone in the Reins, and expel it, help Ruptures,
and cure Wounds and Ulcers. The Kidney Vetch,
it is an excellent Vulnerary, and ufed by the Ger-
mans to cure Wounds and Ulcers, and for the cure
alfo (as Thalim fays,) of the Gout. The Liquo-
rice Vetch, tho’ it has fcatcely ever been ufed in
Phyfick, yet 1 have made fome Tryal of it, and
find by F.xperience, that its Root is De-obftru&ive
of xht vijccra, chiefly of the Lungs, and very pro-
fitable againft Afthma’s, Coughs, Colds, Catarrhs,
Hoatfenefs, Wheezing, Strangury, and cures Co-
licks; as alfo Wounds and Ulcers outward ot in-
ward.

XXI. T he ? reparations, i . The Parched Pulfe
of the yellow Wil'd retch, i. The Pultage of the |
fame. 3 . A Decoilion of the Root of the Milk V etch :
in Wine. 4. A Ponder of the fame Root. A j
Pouder or Meal of the Pulfe of the fame. 6. A
Poudcr or Meal, of the Pulfe of the Hatchet retch ,
and Horfe-Shooe Vetch. 7 . A Decoilion of the fame
at alfo of the Leaves and Stalks of the Green Herb.
8. A Decoilion of the Pulfe and Herb of the Birds-

hoot Vetch. 9. A De coition 0} the Pulfe and Herb
of the Kidney , and Star Kidney Vetch, to. A
Juice of the fame Herbs. 11 .A Cataplafm of thi
fame . 1 2. A Decoilion of the Root of the Liquorice

Vetch. 13. A Poudcr of the fame. 14. A Volatile
Salt from the Pulfes of all thefe Vetches •

The Virtues.

XXII. The Parched Pulfe of the yellow Will
Vetch. So eaten it is Aftringent , and ftops Flux-
es of the Belly, but is harder of Digeftion than
Lentils.

XXIir. TheP ullage of the fame. It s made by
boiling of them in Water, till their Grains are bro-
ken, after the manner of Lentils. So eaten, it
ftops Fluxes both of Stomach and Belly. Galen
fays, it is binding as the Lentil , and is ufed to be
eaten as Lentils , but drys more powerfully, and
heals moderately ; which Aftringent quality Dodo*
nxus fays, he had found true by his own experi-
ence in this Aphace.

XXIV. The Decoilion of the Root of the Milk
Vetch in Wine. It is Aftringdnr, and Galen fays,
it ftops Fluxes, and provokes Urine *, and is profi-
tably ufed againft the foulnefsof the Gums, (that
is the Scurvy in the Mouth) as Pliny fays.

XXV. The Pouder of the Root of the fame.
Strewed upon running Sores or Ulcers, or caft in-
to them, it drys them up and heals them. It is
good alfo to flop the Bleeding of Wounds.

XXVI. The Pouder or Meal of the Pulfe of the.
fame. Being dryed in an Oven, and caft into
Wounds and Ulcers, ^t drys and heals them.

XXVII. The Pouder or Meal of the Pulfe of the
Hatchet Vetch , or Horfe-Shooe Vetch. It is Sto-
matick, ftrengthens that Vi feus. , expels Poifon, and
opens ObftruUions of the Bowels j and is good
againft the Bitings and Stingings of Venomous
Creatures, as Matthiolus fays j and being taken
with Honey as a Bolus, it caufes the expectoration
of tough and thin Flegm ^ kills W orms, and ftrew-
ed upon Ulcers it cleanfes them * and made into
an Ointment with Honey? it heals Ulcers, and
takes away Freckles, and other Deformities of the
Skin. Dofe inwardly, one Dram, Morning and
Evening, in Wine, Honey, &7V.

XXVIII. The Decoilion of the fame in Wine,
as alfo of the Stalks and Leaves of the green Herbs.
It has all the Virtues of the former Pouder, befides
which, it opens ObftruCtions of the Stomach, Liver,
Spleen, Mefentery, Reins, and other Bowels
ftrengthens the Stomach, rdifts Poifon, kills Worms
in the Belly, and is ufed as a Wound drink.

XXIX. The Decoilion of the Pulfe and Herb of
the Birds - foot Vetch. It is a little drying and
binding, and is ufed in Wound Drinks, and being
a good Vulnerary, is ufed outwardly for the fame
purpofe. And Lugdunenfis fays, that the Knotted
Birds Foot is found by experience, to break the
Stone in the Reins and expel it* and that it won-
derfully helps Ruptures inwardly taken, and out-
wardly applyed.

XXX. The Decoilion of the Pulfe and Herb of
the Kidney Vetch. It is uied as a Diet or Wound-
Drink, to induce the healing of Wounds, and alfo
.outwardly to wafh them therewith for the fame
purpofe.

1 CL 2 XXXI. The

1220

Salmon' s Herbal.

i I

XXXI. The Juice of the fame Herb. It is u-
fed (mixed with a little Wine) in the fame marker
as the Decoftion, and for the fame purpoles, in
curing Wounds, Ulcers, running Sores, and the
Gout.

XXXlt. The Catapldfm of the fame. Mixt with
Pouder of Tobacco , it is good to cleanfe and heal
old running Sores and Ulcers : and applyed to the
Joints afflicted with the Gour, it eafes the pain.

XXXIII. The Decoiiion oj the Root of the Liquo-
rice retch in Wine* It is good againlt A Ilium’s,
Coughs, Colds, Catarrhs, Hour fends, Obltructions
of the Stomach and Lungs, and other like Difeafes
of thofe parts ^ and has ail the Virtues of the true
Liquorice , but not altogether fo powerful •, but
opens all Obltru&ions of the Bowels, and cures
the Colick.

XXXIV. The Pouder of the fame. It has all
the Virtues of the ioimer DecoUion, and being
made into an EleOuary with Honey, powerfully
opens Obltruftions of the Lungs, and cures all
Difeafes of that Vfctts, and outwardly applyed,
heals Wounds and Ulcers.

XXXV. The Volatile Salt , made from the Pul-
fes of all the Vetches. Ic is made as that of Beans ,
in Chap. 55. Sell. 16. aforegoing, and has all the
fame Virtues, being good againlt Pallies, Cramps,
Convulsions, Apoplexies, Epilepfles, Gouts, Rheu-
matifms, Colick, and other Difeafes of the Head,
Brain, Nerves, Vilcera and Womb. Dofe from 6
Grains to 12, in any proper Vehicle.

By an Over-fight , thefe two following Cuts being
left out in their proper places , tve thought good
to add them here, rather than they fttould be loft.

Great Wild Hedge Tare ;

OR,*

Bujb VETCH.

Belonging to CHAP. 683. SECT. 8.

Strangle TARE;

0 R,

Strangle VETCH.

Belonging to CHAP- 684. SECT. 5.

CHAP. Dccxxm.

Of VETCH Bitter :

0 R,

0 R 0 B V S.

I- ' | ' HE Names. It is called in Arabick, Her-
i. bum , vel Erbum ; alfo Keifenc, or Kerfe-
ne in Greek P. ittamelhu C™ w,

quod Boves eoSaginentur , as Galen fays,) in Latine
Ervum , & Orobus ; and in Englifli, Orobus alfo’
and Bitter Vetch.

II. The Kinds. There are firft, Orobus Horten-
Jis, Garden Orobus, which is 1. Orobus vulgaris -
Ervum Mat tbioli-, Mocbus 5 Orobus receptus Her-
bariprum ; Our common Garden Orobus, or birter
Votch. 2. Orobus Creticus Mattbioli Orobus
or bitter Vetch of Candy. Secondly, Orobus Syl-
vejiris. Wild Orobus, viz. 3. Ervum Sylvejlre
Dodomei ; Ervum Sylvejlre tierbariorum Lobelij ■,
and Catantmcc Gijncri , LugJttne/ifts (K Dodonsl
in his trench Herbal ; alio Latbyrus Sy/veftris mi-
nts Biubini, tlio’ it has no Claipers at all, as all

his

1

Chap -725, ‘Englijh Herts. 1221

his other Lathyr? s have, whereby he breaks his
own order of treating of thefe Plants, in which he
determined to treat of all liich Pulfes as had Claf-
pers together, whereas this has none ; and fuch as
had none, by themfelves ; Crimfon Flower’d Oro-
bus, or Grafs Leav’d OrobtfS. 4. 0 rob as Sy he fins
Narbonenfe 0 rob as Cicereus •, Orobus Sc mine,

obtufo Triangulo Bauhini Cicer Orobeum Theo-
phrafti Lobelio -, Cornered or French Orobus. ' Third-
ly, Orobus Sylvarum , vel Sylvaticus , Wood Oro-
bus, viz. 5. Orobus Sylvaticus latifolius ■, Orobus
Sylvaticus major purpureas ■, Orobus Pannonicus
Clufij $ Orobus Sylvaticus Bauhini Orobus Syl-
veftris vernus Thalij ■, Pha/elus Lobelij ; Phafeo-
lus Sylvarum Lugdunenfis ■, Arachus Doaonai and
Afiragalus Column* ■, The broad Leav’d greater, or
Purple Wood Orobus. 6. Orobus Sylvaticus Angufii-
folius \ Orobus Tertius Qufij , Orobus Sylvaticus mi-
nor ; Narrow Leav’d, or fmaller Wood Orobus.

round, long Cods , no bigger than the Tag of a Point ,
bunched out in 3 or 4 parts , in which the Grain H
contained , which kalmofi full round, /mail, and of
a pale color, and bitter in Taftc.

IV. The fecond, or Orobus, or bitter Vetch of
Candy. This in its Root , Stalks, Branches, Wing-
ed Leaves, Flowers and Grain, as alfo in its man -
ner of growing, is altogether like the former • but
whereas Matthiolus fays, it is lefferthan the firfi,
I have always obferved it to be rather larger 4 other-
wife the difference is fo little between them, that
felting afidethe Name, and Natural place of Growth ,

/ fhould take them to be but one Kind or Species.

V. The third, or Crimfon Flower’d Orobus, or
Grafs Leav’d bitter Vetch. Its Root is long and
fender, with Jome fibres adjoining to it, which
perifhes with us in Winter. This Wild Orobus or
Pulfe, rifes up with fever al Branches, near two
Feet high, efpectally if it grows in any Fertil Soil \

‘ the Defcriptions.

III. The firlt, or our common Garden Orobus,
or Bitter Vetch. Its Root is fmall, andperifhes every
Tear. It is a fmall Pulfe, J, hooting forth divers
weak flendcr Branches, leaning to the Earth , and
fcarcely rifing above a Foot high , befet on all fides
with many winged Leaves, each of which fmall ones
are very fmall, and fet on a middle Rib, a little

Vetch Bitter, Common.

0 R,

Orolms Veras.

long, narrow, and Osar p pointed, fat one againfi a-
not her as, other Ketches, Cicers, See. The Flowers
are fmall and whit ifh, (thd‘ fome nay fay Pur-
ple) (landing fingle, every one by it felf at the
Joints with the Leaves. After which, come fmall

Vetch Bitter, Crimfon:

O R,

Vetch Grafs Scarlet.

which are befet unorderly t with many long and nar-
row dark green Leaves, fmaller than many Graffes .
At the tops of the Stalks and Branches , grow pret»
ty large Peafe Bloffom’d Flowers, of an Orient fhi-
ning Crimfon color , ( but Parkinfon fays, that he
had \ fome in his Garden which came from Seed,
whichhad white Flowers.) After which, came fmall,
flendcr, long, and almofi: round Cods, containing
within them fever al hard blaokifh Grains.

VI. The fourth, or cornered, or French Orobus.
It s Root is long, flender, and Fibrous, which fends
up a weak or leaning hollow Stalk, half a Tard high ,
fet at the Joints with many Winged Leaves , having
other fmall heave*, long, narrow, and fharp pointed,

fet

%

1222

Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. L

fet oppofite to each other , on a middle Rib , after the
manner of tbofe of Lentils: At the Joints towards
the top , come forth long Footfialks , with many
blowers on them, fet clofe together, which afterwards
give long , round, bunched out Cods , dented in be-
tween each Grain , which is twice as large as thofe
of the firji Orobus, ;?<?/ /i> round, but a little cor-
ner'd ■, 0/" d pale or yellowifh color, differing little
from them but in their Jo exatt roundnefs, and
dark appearance.

VII. ' The fifth, or broad Leav’d greater, or pur-
ple Wood Orobus Its Root is long, black, and
bard, bunching forth in fome places, with fome
Jmall long Strings and bib res adjoined to it, and en-
dures many Tears, It grows not much above a boot
high, having many fquare Stalks, Jlripcd along.
The Leaves are Winged , the [mailer L eaves fet yne
by another on each fide of the middle Rib, fix, eight ,
or ten in number very much larger than any of
the other Orobus s, being 2 or 3 Inches long, and
and an Inch or two broad , and fharp pointed , with
2 or 3 Nerves running thro ’ them. The Flowers
grow at the tops , many together , one above another,
as it were in a Spike or Bufh, much larger than
thofe of the Vetch, and of a fine blewifh Purple
color which when they begin to fade , will change a

• little, and become more pale -, after which, co'me
fmall, long, (lender, brown Cods, with f mall round,
and fometimes longiff) round Grains within them,
variably colored.

VIII. The fixth, or narrow Leav’d, or fmaller
Wood Orobus. Its Root confifts of 5 or 6 long,
[lender, tuberous' Clogs, not much unlike to thofe
of the Afphodil or Peony, but fmaller, blackifh on
the out fide and white within. It has jlender, fir aight

Vetch Bitter, Wild :

0 R ,

Vntcb Narrow Leav'd Wild.

crejled Stalks , about a hoot high. The Leaves Jlani
by couples , being long and narrow. The blowers
grow on long Pootflalks , of a pure white color , and
the Cods which follow , are long and black , with fome-
what large black Grains within them. The figure
here given , is defeftive , the Cutter having been
J paring in his Labor , in not adding to it its Tube-
rous long Clogs before named.

IX. The Places. The two fiiftgrow only with
us in Gardens, the third grows Wild in Fields,
about Hedges and Bufhes, and has been found about
Highgate and T ancras-Cburch , near London. The
fourth grows Wild about Narbone in prance , and.
is Nurlt up with us in Gardens. The fifth and
fixth grow in fhady places, as Woods and Forelis.

X. The Times. The firft four Flower in June,
July and Augufl, and their Seed is ripe in about a
Month after their Flowering time; the two lalt
about the end of April, or in May, and their Seed
is ripe in June.

XI. The Qualities. Of all tliefe, the firft or
Common Orobus is only ufedin Phyfick, and of that
Plant, the Grain chiefly. It is hot in the firft de-
gree, and dry in the fecond, Aperitive, Abftetfive,
Diuretickand Vulnerary, PeUoral, a little Cathar-
tick, and alfo Alexipharmick.

XII. The Specification. It opens Obfttuflions
of the Fiji era, cleanfes the Brelt and Lungs of
thick Humors, provokes Urine, gives eafe in the
Strangury, purges the Bowels downwards ; dif-
cuffes the Tumor of the Spleen, cltanfes and heals
foul Ulcers, is good againltthe Bitings of Serpents
and mad Dogs, gives eaie in a I enajmusp and is
faid to reftore in Confumptions ; it alio breaks
Carbuncles, and cleats the Skin of Deformities.

XIII. The Preparations. Of the Grain there is
made, r. A flrong Decoffiott in Wine or Water.
2. A Meal. 3. A Pultage. 4. A Cutaplajm of
the green Cods , Stalks and all.

The Virtues.

XIV. The firing VeceOionof the Grain , in Wane
or Water. By its Bitternefs it tltanfes, and opens
ObftruQions of the Vfieera , chiefly of the lungs,
Liver. Spleen, Stomach, Meftmtry, Reins and ln-
tellines, deaniing thofe parts of pituitous, thick,
and mucilaginous Humors which eftend them.
Pliny lays, ir is faid in the Emperor Augtjlus'i
Epittles, that he was Cured by Ervum, viz. this
Orobus, Vihofe Grief was fuppofed to be tough,
pituitous matter infefting the Lungs, and not tafie
to be expeUorated. It gently purges the Bowels
downwards, and being taken falting every Morn-
ing, it eafes the Spleen, and opens its Obftrufli-
ons’; mollifies the hardnefs of the Breafts, and is
good againft the Bitings of Serpents, mad Dogs,
and other Venomous Creatures, being taken mixed
with Wine 01 Vinegar ; and fo alfo it provokes
Urine, gives eafe in the Strangury, and cures the
T ena/tnus, if the Patient be not reduced thereby to
a deep Confumpiion •, but an incipient Conlumpti-
on, whether Pining, or Phthifts, it Cutes by taking
away the Obftruaions which Hinder the Nutriment
from going to the refptctive parts of the Body ■,
and by healing the Ulcers of the Lungs newly be-
gun. Outwardly it heals Wounds, old Sores, and
running Ulcers by waffling them therewith, whe-
ther in the Mouth, Secrets, or other parts.

XV. The Meal. It is made (without fteeping
the Grain in Water to take out its Bitternefs, as
fome do,) by parching it till its Hulls break, then
grinding it, and lifting it through a fine Sieve. A

Dram

Chap. 7 2^. Englijh Herbs. 1223

Dram of it taken inwardly, mixed with Honey
every Morning, gently purges •, provokes Urine,
and kills Worms in the Belly, and withal gives a
good color in the Face. It has indeed ali the Vir-
tues of the former Dccottion , but it is faid that it
it is taken in too large a Dofe, it caufes the Head-
ach, and to make Bloody Urine, fo powerful a
Diuretick it is. Mixed with Honey as afbrefaid,
it cleanfes, drys, and heals old running Sores,
and foul filthy Ulcers, Fittula’s, Cankers, &c.
whether in the Mouth, Throat, Secrets, or any
other parts foftens hard Tumors in Womens
Breads, and draws out the Poifonfrom the Bi tings
of Serpents, mad Dogs, &c. being applyed It is
alfo faid to cure the Itch, break Apottems, ripen
Carbuncles, Cjc. if made into a Cataplafm with
Wine, and laid thereon.

XVI. The Pultage. The Grain is firft tteeped
in Water till its Bitternefs is gone, then parched
till the Hulls break, and after made into Meal as
before. This made into Pultage with Water, or
Milk, or Water and Milk, is ufied to be eaten
(moitly in hard times:) it Nourilhes much, and
reltores in Confumptions. If the Pultage is made
with the former Bitter Meal , and applyed to the
Skin, it is laid to take away Freckles, and all other
Deformities thereof, walhing it alfo oftentimes
with the afbrefaid Dccottion.

XVII. The Cataplafm of the Green Cods. Ap-
plyed to the Hair, (as alfo their J uice) it caufes it
to become of a black color.

CHAP. DCCXXIV.

Of the VINE.

I. rT' H E Karnes. It is called in Arabick Ha-
1 rin, Karin , and Karm in Greek, ’'a^a©
o/popS?©- .• in Latine, Vitis, and Vitis vinif era , Vita
Sativa in Knglilh, The Vine.

II. The Kinds. They are to be confidered, either
as to the Country, or the Species of the Grapes.
As to the Countries , thofe which are chiefly known
to us, are i. Our Eng/ifh Vines. 2. Rhenijh , or
German Vines. 3. trench. 4. Italian. 5. Spa-
nifh. 6. Thofe of the Canaries. 7. Portugal.
8. Thofe of the Madera's. 9. Thofe of Florida.

III. As to the Species of the Grapes ■, there are,
1. The Rhenifh White , whence comes our Rhenifh
Wine. 2. The French White , whence French
White Wines. 3. French Ref whence French
Clarets. 4. The White Portugal , whence White
Port-O-Port and White Lisbon Wines, 5. The
Red Portugal , whence Red Port-O-Port Wines.
6. The Malaga Grape, whence our Malaga Raifons
and Wine. 7. The Greek Black Grape , which
gives a very fweet blackifh Wine. 8. The White
Mufcadine Grape , which is a very great Grape,
fweet and firm, lome of whofe Bunches, (as Par k-
infjn fays,) have weighed Six Pounds, and fome
ofthe Grapes half an Ounce. 9. The Red Mufca-
dine, which is as large as the White, and differs
chiefly in color ; from thefe two laft come the
Mufcadine Wines. 10. The White Front iniack
Grape , which is of a very fweet and delicate Talfe,
and fmells like Musk, whence the pleafant Fron-
t iniack Wine. n. T he Tent Grape , which is
black, which yields the Tent Wine , of a very fweet
Talfe, and black color, or very deep red, with
which they color other Wines. 12. The A lie ant

Grape , whence our Alicant Wine , which is of fo
deep a red, that no other is thought to be compa-
tible to it, and therefore is called Spaniards Blood.

1 3. The Barabar whence our Bar abar Wine, oF
fo deep a red, that it is commonly called Black Wine.

14. The Sherry Grape , whence our Sherry Wine,
iy. The Canary Grape, whence our Canary and
Palm Wines. i5. The White Madera Grape ,
whence our White Madera Wine. 17. The Red
Madera Grape, whence our Red Madera Wine.
18. The Dam af co Grape, thought to be the Uva
Zibea Plinij, lib. 14. cap. 3. which he makes to
be Vitis Alexandria, deferibing it by thofe very
words which Theophraflus does } but is a kind of
Raifon-Grape. 1 9. The Raifon of the Sun Grape ,
which is a very large Grape, and confilts of very
great Clutters, of a reddifh color when it is ripe
with us, but in its Native Country, which is very
hot, it is commonly covered with a notable Blew-
nefs- 20. The Stonelefs Grape, which is a Syrian
Grape, and -grows near Askalon in Palejlina , as
By chart fays, yielding a red Wine of a very plea-
fant Tafte. 21. The Carolina, or Virginian White
Fox Grape, which is a fair large white Grape, of
a box-like Smell, and a firm Subftance, which when
fully ripe, is a very pleafing Grape, very much
gratifying the Pallat. 22. The Carolina, or Vir-
ginian Red Grape, which is a fmall Grape, and
yields a very deep Blood red Wine. I remember
that when 1 was in Carolina, one Gar rat a French-
Man, made in one Year about two Hogfheads of
it, (from Vines which grew Wild in the Woods,)
which was not fo lufeioutty Sweet as Tent, but
when I drank of it at his Houfe, I then thought it
to be the pleafantett Wine I ever drank in my
whole Life : It was very fine, not of fo thick a
Body as Tent, but of a profound Red, ttaining
every thing of fo perfeff a Crimfon color, as not
eafily to be obliterated, tho’ upon the fpot. Thefe
are the chief of thefe Vines or Grapes, which we
thought good to take notice of in this Work $ and
which are moft known amongtt us : We own there
are a vaft number more, and polfibly a great many
which never yet came to our Knowledge $ which
if we could Name and enumerate them all, would
be of as little ufe to the Pbyfician , as they are
of profit to us who never faw or heard of them
for which reafon, we omit any further Defcants
concerning the fame.

The Defer iptions.

IV. The great diverfity of Vines, is equal to that
of the Grapes, to many of whofe great Numbers,
we can give no Names. John Tradefcant faid , that
he had 20 forts growing with him, which he never
knew how, or what to call them ■, but fiving that
in their Branches, Leaves, manner and form of
growing, all thefe Varieties feem to be but one and
the fame, we fhall give but one Defcription for
them all their great differences being chiefly in
the feveral Forms, Colors, Tafts, and Alagnitude
of the Grapes. The Root is woody, not very great
or thick, but tough and long , fending out many
Branches, which fpread tar about and deep.
Being Manured , and where it hat grown a long
time, it comes to have a pretty thick Body, Trunk
or Stem, fpreading out its Branches every way ( if
it be fuff ered ) a/mofl without end or meafure, info-
much as fome Vines growing in Woods, and near to
very tall Trees, of above an hundred Foot high, I
have feen to have climbed up to the higheft parts
of thofe Trees, and to have fpread them/ elves out

over

12 2^ Salmon s Herbal. Lib. i

ovet almoji all their Branches, which at the proper
feajon oj the Tear, have been every where full of
Bunches of Grapes , and fo full , even to admira-
tion : Thefe Arms or Branches of the Vine, are
according to the Age thereof fome old , fomc new,
fome thicker and more woody, fome more fender ,
but all of them fo weak as not able to fufiainthem-
felves, and therefore climb , and twine and fajlen
themfelvcs upon whatfoever tall Tree or Poles they
grow next to. The older Arms or Branches are co-
vered with a thin fcaly Rind, which will often chap
and peel off of its J elf \ but the younger or young eft,
are of a reddifh color , fmooth , and firm , with a
hollownefs or Pith in the middle. Prom the Joints

Vine Garden.

of the young Branches , and fometimes from the
Body of the elder Boughs, break out on every fide,
broad green Leaves , cut in on the edges into (for
the moff part ) five divifions, and withal notched or
dented about. Right againfl the Leaf, and likemife
at the farther end of the Branches , come forth long ,
twining Tendrels or Clafpers, winding themfelves
about any thing which fiends next them. At the
bottom of thefe Leaves, come forth Clufters of fmall
greenifb yellow Flowers, and after them the Grapes
growing in Cluficrs in the fame manner, but in va-
rious Forms, Shapes and Magnitudes, having as
many different Colors and Tafis for fome Bunches
are clofe, fome open, fome exceeding long, with
Branches adjoining -, Jome more compatl without
Branches fpreading from them : Some Grapes are
round, fome oval, fome long, fome a little corner d,
ns it were fquare : Some Grapes are very great,
fomc in a meant fome leffer, and fome very fmall,
(,u the fmall Currants which the Grocers fell, of
which we fh all fpeak in the Second Book of this
Work next following.) Again, fome Grapes are
White, fome Red, others Blew, others Black, and
fome again are party-colored. And as to their
Tafies, fome are abfolutely foure , fome of a harfh

Tafi, Jome snore p leafing, Jome very p leaf ant, fome
oj a mixed Tafi, and fome fweet. Within every
Grape is contained one , two, and fometimes more,
fmall little Stones ( excepting in the Sconeleis
Grape ^ ) which in fome Grapes are fmall, in others
larger, according to the Magnitude or kind of
Grape. Where note , that to keep your Vines m
good order , they ought to be cut low, as to their
Bodies or Stems, and not fuffered to grow high, nor
with too fit any Branches, whereby they grow the bet-
ter, and take up the lej's room, and withal bring
forth their Grapes fairer, larger, and Jneeter.

V. To the afore-enumerated Species, we /hall
here add another Vine, called Vitro laciniatis folijs,
or Parfly Vine, which is fcarcely a diltinft kind of
its fell, but rather one of the forts of the White
Mufcadinc Grape. This kind grows in the very
fame form and manner as the other kinds do, the
main difference confifitng chiefly in the Leaves ,
which arc thin , and very much cut in, into many
parts, even almoji to the middle of each Leaf, and
each part dented about the edges, The Grapes are
white and great, exattly like to the White Mufca-
dine Grape, and of the fame rellifh or tafie , bear-
ing very great Bunches, andripening with the other
forts 0/ Mulcadine Grapes.

VI. "Autuk©- ay Vitis Sylveftris, The Wild
Vine growing in Woods. This in its Root, Body,
Branches , Leaves, Tendrels, form and manner of
growing, differs nothing from the Manured Vine
firfi deferibed, but only in its Fruit fulnefs ■, and it
J'cems ( as far as I have obferved it in Carolina
and other parts of the Welt-Indies,) to be of two
forts, viz. The Grape Bearing, and the Barren.
The Grape Bearing yields almoji innumerable
Cluflers, which tho 1 very pleafant, yet are not alto-
gether Jo pleafant cu thofe which are Manured, nor
full out fo large-, but thefe by Tran [plantation into
Gardens, and being managed as the Manured ones
are, become altogether the fame with them, (both
the White and Red kinds) and per filly forget their
Wild Natures, bringing forth their Grape full as
large, fair, pie if ant and Jwcet, fo that I can fcarce-
ly admit it to be a different Species from the Manu-
red kinds. The Barren Wild Vine, differs in no-
thing from the Fruitful , or Grape Bearing, but on-
ly in its not bearing Grapes } zohicb Barrennefs ,
whether it comes from the flmplc Nature and Pro-
perty of the Vine, or from the Nature and Barren-
nefs of the Ground , 1 am not able to determine. If
any who live in the Weft-Indies, or other parts
where they grow, would pleafe to Tranfplant them
out of their Native Soil, into one more Fat and Rich ,
they would in a fbort time be able to determine
the matter.

VII. T he Places. Their feveral Names, (hew
the places where each Species naturally grows, but
all of them being Tranfplanted into our Country,
will thrive and fiourifh very well, if a reafonable
care be taken of them ; as may appear by fome
few of them, which are now become Natives of
our Climate.

VIII. The Times. Vines as Columella fays, are
to be Pruned before the young Branches fpring
forth, which as Palladius fays, is to be done in
February -, If they be Pruned later, they loofe their
Juice and Nutriment with weeping, which if it kills
not the Vine, yet very much hinders it irom bear-
ing. The Manured Flower fooner than the Wild
which grow in the Woods, and therefore their
Grapes are alfo fo much the fooner ripe ^ but the
times of their Flowering and ripening, differ very
much one from another, as alfo in refpefl to the
Climates where they grow* for as they are hotter
or colder, fo their Grapes are either fooner or later

’ tine. OBSER.

Chap. 724.

Herbs.

1225

OBSERVATIONS.

IX. t. If you would make a Vineyard in our
cold and moift Climate, chufe a wholefome, dry
and warm peice of Ground, (helter’d with a Hill
from the North-Weft, North, and North-Eaft
Winds and open to the South-Eaft, South, and
South-Weft Sun -, let the Earth be well dig’d
deep, broken toll, and cleared from the Roots ot
Weeds in Summer-time, before Michaelmas ■, then
in fair open Weather in December , plant your
Rooted Vines, of three or four Years old, in even
ttrait Ranks, about 6 Feet afunder, very (hallow,
yet fo that their Roots be covered ; and between
every Rank of Vines, let there be a Path of 4 Feet
broad, that you may eafily pals between the Ranks.

X. 2. The firft Year after this Planting, do
not prune them too much, but let a Stake clofe
by each Root, of about 4 Feet high, to which
foftly tye the ttrongeft Shoot, and let the other
Branches fall down as they will ; and in April
following, or beginning of May, juft as they bua
forth Leaves, bow the tops of each Vine Arch-wile
to the next Stake, and there tye it fo as it may not
flip away ; and from this bowed Branch, will come
out new Shoots, which will produce Grapes which
will hang down to the Earth, and thofe will be the
fweeteft which will be neareft the Ground.

XI. 3. This is all which is to be done to them
untill Pruning time, which is from the latter end ot
January , till the latter end of February , and then you
muft cut away this Branch which was tyed the lalt
Year to the Stake, and Arched down, even as low
as the loweft Eye, but one or two at the moll ; and
then tye up another of the ftrongell Branches from
the Stock, inlfead of the former. Pruning away all the
other Branches within an Eye or two ot their bot-
toms i for the fewer Branches you leave to the Root,
the more Grapes you will have the Year following.

XII. 4. The Ground in your Vineyard mult be
digged up every Year, tho’ not deep, both between
each Vine and alfo the Paths between each Rank •,
and frelh Mould out of the Paths, is to be thrown
to their Roots, and fo all laid fmooth again, and
clear from Weeds every Spri ng ; the W eeds in Sum-
mer mult be Howed up often s for the barer the
Earth is kept, the better .will your Vines thrive,
and the larger and better will be your Grapes ; but
the Earth about the Vine-Roots muft not be Itirred
in Summer, nor in their time of Bearing.

XIII ; The Elder the Vineyard grows, the
deeper it fliould be digg’d, and turn’d up yearly
and fome very old rotten Dung or Allies Ihould
then in February or March, yearly, or every other
Year be mixt with the Natural Earth, but too
much Dung, (efpecially if it be new) is not good,
and Afhes are much better than Dung. The Elder
vour Vines are, if they be Healthy and Sound, the
larger and better Grapes will they bring forth ;
bllL.when you find them to decay, you mult let
young ones in their Head. n ,,

1 XIV 6. To increafe vour Stock, or flare ot
Vines 'you muft either lay the new Branches in
the Earth, or elfe plant Cuttings ; both ways they
will be apt to take Root, and in a Year or two,
will be ready to Tranfplant, and difpofe as you
have occafion ; and whilft they ftand unremoved,
thel'e new Plants muft be yearly Pruned at the fame
time with the Stocks, viz. thro the whole Month
of February, and after the fame manner. .

XV. 7. And therefore to get new Roots either
to Plant your Vineyard at firft, or to fupply the

Stocks as they decay, you mutt take them from
thofe produced by the former method of Layers or
Cuttings, which were partly covered with Earth,
that they might take Root in Winter, which in
about two or three Years time will be well Rooted,
fo as they may be removed : Or you may take
Suckers from the old Vines or Stocks, which may
anfwer the end full as well.

XVI. 8. But if you will raife a Nurfery from
the Cuttings of Vine Branches, let them be the
Cuttings of that Years growth, which Plant in a
Nurfery a-parr, of good rich Mould : any Cut-
tings almott will grow, but the largeft and ttrongeft
Branches of that Year afford the belt : Thefe Cut-
tings muft be about a Foot, or Foot and half long,
confiding of four or five Joints or Eyes at molt,
whereof two muft be thruft into the Earth, and
one or two left above Ground : Thefe Cuttings
muft ftand in the Nurleries 2 or 5 Years to get
good Roots, and then they may be Planted in the
Vineyard. The Cuttings from Branches which bare
well the fame Year, and were not much lhaded
from the Sun are belt.

XVII. 9. Vines profper beft in a dry, gravelly,
or ftoney Earth Clay, or any ftifF or wet Soil, is
difagreeable to their Nature, and a rich black over-
dung’d Earth, will caufe them to fhoot too much
into Wood, and to bear but few Grapes, and thofe
commonly Morbide , that is flat, or ill thaped, and
not well tafted. Generally all Vines affect an Eaft-
eily and South Sun, but profper not upon a Weft
or North Wall * and they ought to be defended
with high Hills or Trees, from cold North-Weft,
North, and North-Eaft Winds.

XV1I1. 10. Every Winter the Earth about the
Roots muft be opened, and fome good old well
rotted Dung or Afhes muft be added to the Earth,
and well mixed therewith, (as is before hinted) and
fo applyed to the Roots of the Vines, which being
Planted under good Walls, and well fpread, and
Nailed thereto, will bear in moft Years good ftore
of Grapes. The time of Pruning them, we have
told you before, but fome begin that work at the
latter end of December , for the new Shoots only
bear Grapes •, therefore in Cutting of the Branches,
an Eye or two muft be left to fhoot out new Branch-
es again ^ for if you cut clofe to the old Wood,
few or no Branches from thence will fucceed : So
that in Cutting or Pruning of Vines, the Rules for
Pruning other Fruit Trees muft not be followed ;
for thofe are to be cut off clofe to a Bud j but Vines
muft be cut about the middle, between two Buds.

XIX. 11. A Fertil Soil is fitteft for fome
Vines, viz. fuch as bring forth ftrong Bodied and
fat Wines, which is every black Earth, that is nor
very clofe nor clammy as F lorentinus fays : Colu-
mella advifes to have regard to the kind or nature
of the Vine, to plant it in a Soil agreeable to the
Earth of. the Country where it was a Native. A
poor and lean Vine may be Planted in a Fat and
Fruitful Soil that is fo of its own Nature, but yet
not too Fat. A ftrong and Fruitful Vine may be
Planted in a leaner or more Steril Ground. A large
and fpread ing Vine, may be Planted in a more clofe
and compact Earth. A Vine of few Branches, may
be Planted in a more loofe but Fruitful Soil. But
fays Columella , the Vine delights not to grow in a
Soil too much Dung’d, let the Dung be of what
kind foever. But Mould mixed with fome Shavings
of Horn, being dilpofed about the Roots, willcauie
the Vine to become very Fruitful.

XX. 12. A late trench Author fays, that tho5
fome are of Opinion that Vines fhould be Pruned
in February , or earlier, yet he fays they are now
ufually Pruned in March b and that if a Vine be

7 R not

1226 Salmon s Herbal Lib. I.

not Pruned, the Grapes will not be large nor well
tailed, and befides, that it will not be of any long
Life. That all the dead and ufelefs Branches are
to be cut off : That the heft Branches Ihootingout
the larg'eft Stems, are to be cut off to 4 Eyes, and
the other Branches lower, or beneath them, to 2
Eyes : That in Pruning, an Inch of Wood is to be
left above the Eye, at the upper end of the Branch :
That the Cut mull be made Hoping on the contra-
ry fide to the Eye, for fear of prejudicing it ; for
when the Sap is in motion, the Vine weeps very
much ; fo that if the Slope were on the Eye fide,
it would in a manner be drowned by the Tears :
And that the Vine be dif-budded and tyed up in
May, June and July, that the Grapes may thrive,
and grow perieftly ripe. That the lower Branches
are Pruned to two Eyes, that they maja^ve us
two other good Branches, which may be'fit to be
Pruned the Year following, whereby you may re-
trench the Branch before Pruned to 4 Eyes, with
all the reft (hooting from it. That thefe 2 new
Branches fpringing from the faid lower Branch,
are to be fo Pruned, that 4 Eyes may be lefttothe
higheft Branch thereof, and 2 Eyes only to the
lower of the fame. But if the full faid lower
Branch gives but one Branch, that is then to be
Pruned to 2 Eyes if it gives no Branch, then you
go to the upper Branch which had 4 Eyes left,
which if it has 4 Branches, you mult cut off the
two higher Branches, and Prune the two lower,
leaving 4 Eyes to the higher of the two, and two
Eyes to the lower.

XXI 13. Buc fince we fcarcely ever Plant
Vineyards is England, but place our Vines againfl:
Walls, you mult dig a Trench about a Foot and
halt broad, and prepare your Layers or Cuttings,
which may have each 3 Eyes apiece ; cut off a fmall
part of the Fibres, and lay your Layers in the Trench
2 Feetafunder, that the Lattice may the foonerbe
formed ; after which, lay on fome Dung, till the
Trench be quite filled up, fo will the Vines (hoot
out admirably : It the Earth be hot, Cow-dung is
the moti proper, but if that can’t be had, then take
Horfe-Dung which is well and perfectly rotten, and
difcharged of its heat : But in a wet and cold
Ground, Horfe-dung half rotten will do better
than the other, which being of a cold Nature,
Cow-dung will not fo well agree.

XXII. 14. Our Vine^n England, begin to put
forth their Leaves about the 4nd of April, and are
in flower about the latter end of June ; not very
long after it will be good to ttop the Branch fome
diltance from the Flowers, that the Grapes coming
on, may have the more Nourilhment, and the Sap
not drawn away Irom them, or fpent upon other
ufelefs parts.

XXI11. 1 ;. In the end of Auguft, cut away
fuch Branches and Leaves as keep the Sun from
the Grapes, fo will they ripen the better, and
fome early kinds will be throughly ripe in Septem-
ber, others in OHober ; but it often happens, that
fuch as are late ripe, are fpoiled by Frofts, unlefs
they be well defended with a Tilt, efpecially in
the Night, from Sun-fet, till the Sun is nearly an
Hour high •, and if it is a Frofty Seafon, all the
day long.

XXIV. 16. Befides the Vines we have enume-
rated, there are more than an hundred forts of
others, to which we can give no Names, and many
of whicu are very good kinds; but we in this place
are to confider which of them will grow belt with
us in England, which are 1 . The Clujter Grape,
or fmall Black Grape, which is firft ripe with us,
which are thick fet on the Bunches, and when ripe,
t black and well tailed. 2. The White Mufcad'me

Grape, which has large Bunches, and has great
Grapes, fweet and good, and ripening well moft
Years. 3- The Red Alujcadwc Grape, as large as
rhe White, but requires the moft Sunny places
becauie it ripens not here fo well as rhe former.
4. The Erontiniack Grape, which is a white lweer
Musky Grape, but in fome cold Seafons’ come
not to perfeftion here, s- The Raifon of the Sun
Grape, which is large, red and good, and in a
warm place ripens raafonably well. 6. The Tarfly
Vine, or Aew England, or Canada Grape , which
is a White Grape, ripens withathe laft, and but
thinly fet op the Bunches. To thefe we may add
7. The Burlet Grape , which is the largeft Grape
we have, but are very fowre, and ripen not with
us, except by accident, as having an extream hot
Sealon. The Bunches are great, and the Grapes
large and white, whereby they make an admirable
Ihow on a Wall. Our chief ule of this Grape is
to make Verjuice of it, which is very exediienr.
If by chance in a very hot Year, it comes to ripe-
nefs, the Grapes are laid to he plealant. There are
many other forts ot good Grapes, which polfibly
may grow admirably well in our Country, con-
cerning which you may confult the Vinerones.

XXV. 17. The Juice oj the unripe Grape ,
the GreekscalL ■■ the Latines, Omphacium ,

and Agrcjta : but we in Englilh, Verjuice. The
Elowers of the Wild Vine are called ’cw.s,: in La-
tine, Oenanthe, and F lot Vini, (in former times
much in ufe, but now wholly negleded.) The
Grapes dryed in the Sun , are called live: Pajfg, and
TajjuU Solis, Raifons ; and A Bunch oj Grapes fo
dryed, is called in Greek, Sm fit : in Latine, Vva
Pajja, and PoJjula. A Bunch of Grapes new ga-
thered, is called BSrfVf and StopvaIj: in Latine, live
and Racfmus. The Crape it Jelf is called
in La.iile, Acinus. The Grape Stone is called in
Greek, x'twnv, and yysri nr aw* : in Latine Vina-
ceus, Aetna, and Nuclei Acini 5 alio Arilli, quad
Ariduli, becaufe they are dry, and yield no Juice.
The Wine is called in Greek, ’oh©- ; jn Latine,
Vmurn. The Wine Lees whilft moiji and liquid, ,
are called Ecces Vini. The Tatter, or dryed or
hardned Lees, is called in Greek, sts*<ui : in La-
tine, Lex Viri Ufla, Lapis Vini, Lapis Vmeus ,
Tart arum vel Tartarus, (I luppofe Irom its fetling 1
into the deep or bottom) and in Englilh Tartar and
Argo/. The Preffings oj the Wine, or Wine-Husks
are called Vinacea, pi. by Columella, and by us the
Rape, or Treffings. The Mother, (which fome-
times comes upon the top of the Wine, whether in
Working, or otherwife by lofs of its Spirits,) in
Greek, to pi. in Latine, Vinacea, reliquite,

omniique retrimenta qux fuperfunt poj} exprejjiu
Uvtu, Galen, de aliment, lib. 2. The Stalk which
is in the middle of the Quite or Bunches, on
which the Grapes do hang, is called by Galen ,
Borfv^f, and of Varro, Scapar TJvarum. The
Vineyard is called ’A 'OuXicns : and in
Latine, Vinetum. And the Vineronc is called
and in Latine, Vinitor , the Vine-

Dreffer.

XXVI. The Qualities. It is hard to determine
the Qualities of Vines and their Productions, be-
caufe they are fo various : However, the Leaves
and the Stones of the Grapes are temperate iip
refpeft of Cold, but dry in the fecond degree,
Afttingent, Vulnerary and Styptick. The Tears are
cooling. The Crapes are cooling and loofening,
inducing Fluxes ol the Belly, if eaten too plenti-
fully. The Wine hot and dry in the fecond degree,
Afttingent, or Diuretick according to the Nature
of the Grape, moving the Belly, or Styptick for
the fame reafon but all Wines i* general, as they

abound

Chap. 724. TLngUJh Herbs . 1227

abound with plenty of Spirits, io they are (being
moderately and prudently ufed) grateful to the
Stomach, and Cordial, chear the Heart, revive the
Spirits, reftore Nature, and refrefh and ftrengthen
the whole Body. The Verjuice is cooling, drying,
Sty prick and Stomatick. The Tartar is cold, dry,
Ablterfive, Aperitive, Stomatick, and moderately
Cathartick, more efpecially when it is freed from
its grofler Recrements.

XXV II. The Specification . The various and dif-
fering Productions of the Vine, are fuch which
have as var i ous-and di Bering Qualities, fiom whence
their Specifications are as various and different ; fo •
that it would be very troublefome to enumerate
them all feverally here, forafmuch as many of thofe
Particulars have a confiderable number of Prepa-
rations arifing from each of them •, for which rea-
fon, we, fhall omit their Specifick Properties in
this place, and give an account of the fame, as we
treat in order of the feveral Produ&s or Parts,
and Preparations of this Plant.

XXVIII. The Preparations. 1. A Juice of
the Leaves and Tcndrels. 2. A Decottion of the
fame. 3. The Tears. 4. The Afhes of the Branch-
es. 5. A Lye of the Afhes. 6 ■ An Unguent of
the Afhes. 7. A Lotion or Waff). 8. The Grapes.
9, Verjuice. 1 o. Mufi, or New Wine. 1 1 . Rob,
or Sapa. 1 2. Wine tormented or Per fitted.
13. Brandy. 14. Spirit of Wine. 15. Philofophick
Spirit of Wine. 16. Raifons , or dryed Grapes.
17. Honey of Raifons. 18. A Decottion of Grape
or Raijon Stones. 19. A Pouder of the Stones.
20. Vinegar. 21. Spirit of Vinegar. 22. Wine
Artificial. 23. Hippocras. 24. Gum of the Vine.
25. Wine Lees. 26. Tartar or Argol. 27. Cream
of Tartar. 28. Tartar Emctick. 29. Spirit of
Tartar. 30. Oil of Tartar Difiilled. 31. Mixtura
Simplex. 32. Salt of Tartar Pure. 33. Salt of
Tartar Nitrated. 34. Oil of Tartar per deliquium.
35. Sal Tartari Foliatum. 36. Cremor Tartari
Solubile. 37. Soluble Emetick Tartar. 38. Sal
Tartari Vitriolatum. 29. Sal Tartari Volatile.
40. Liquor of Tartar. 4T. Spirit of Tartar Com-
pound. 42. Diatelfaron, or Punch.

T be Virtues.

XXIX. The Juice of the Leaves and Tcndrels.
It is Cooling, Drying, Aftringent and Healing.
Mixt with Honey, it makes a good Lotion for a
fore Mouth or Throat, or Sores in the Privy parts,
to wafh, gargle, and bath therewith, it alfo flops
Vomitings, Fluxes, Spitting of Blood, and Wo-
mens Courfes.

XXX. The Decottion of the fame. If a little
Roch Alum be dilfolved in it, and it be then
fweetned with Honey, it has all the former Vir-
tues of the Juice •, but drank (without the mix-
ture of the Alum and Honey) it is of good ufe
again!! Fevers.

XXXI. The Tears of the Vine. Thefe are drop-
pings of the Branches of th^ Vine, when cut out
of due time, or too late in the Spring ^ drank, it
is good either to diflolve a gretty Stone in the Reins
or Bladder, or to expel and drive out Sand, Tar-
tarous matter, Gravel, and fmall Stones out of
thofe parts * and pommy it may be more effectual
in this cafe, if it be taken when fweetned with
Honey •, for that Honey has not only a power of
Diflolving and Cleanfing, but alfo of making the
Paffages fmooth and flippery.

XXXII. The Lye made of the Afhes of Vine
Branches. It is very effectual againft the Gravel

and Stone in the Reins, being drank either limply
of it fell, or mixt with White Port Wine. The
Lye mixed with a little Vinegar, and ufed as a
Bath, allays Inflamations and pains, and coni umes
Warts of the Anus or Fundament, eafes the Pains
thereof' and difeufles the Piles, and other Tumors.
The Laid Lye is good to walh places out of Joint,
or burnt with Fire •, and mixt with Juice of Rue
and Vinegar , it is good againft the fwelling of the
Spleen, and helps Frettings and Gallings in any
place. And mixed with Wine, it is good againft
Anthonies Fire.

XXXIII. The Afhes of Vine Branches. Made
into an Ointment with Hogs Lard, it is good a-
gainft hard Tumors, cleanfes Fiftula’s and hollow
Ulcers, and heals them; helps Pains, Cramps,
and fhrinking of the Nerves. If they are mixed
with Oil, and applyed, it difeufles Simple Contu-
fions, cures the Bitings of Mad Dogs, and the
Wounds of Scorpions- And made into a Cata-
plafm with Nitre and Vinegar , and applyed, it
confumes or waftes Wens, and other Excrefcences
of the Flefli.

XXXIV. The Ointment of the Afhes. Take well
Calcin'd Vine Afhes 4 Ounces ; Sal Nitre in fine
Pouder 1 Ounce ; Tobacco in fine Pouder half an
Ounce ; Golden Colored Palm-Oil, ( not Old , or in-
clining to be Rank) 12 Ounces ; Oil of Rhodium
3 Drams : The Palm Oil being melted in the heat
of a Bath , put in the other Ingredients , and mix
them well together. It difeufles hard Tumors, and
diflolves even Callous hardneffes ; eafes pains in
the Nerves and Joints, and is profitable againft
Gouts, Sciatica’s, Ample Contufions, old Sores,
Ulcers, Fittula’s, Tettars, Ring-Worms, Herpes ,
Impetigo , Worms in the Face and Skin, and other
like rebellious Maladies.

XXXV. The Lotion or Wafh. Take of the Juice
of the Leaves 6 Ounces ; Red Port Wine 1 o Ounces ;
Honey 4 Ounces , mix and make a Lotion. It is
good to Wafh and Gargle, and heal Sore and Ul-
cerated Mouths and Throats-, and alfo to cleanfe
and heal Ulcers in other parts. Put into the Eyes,
it flops Defluxions, clears the Sight, and heals
Sores and Ulcers therein.

XXXVI. The Grapes. The frefh gathered full
ripe Grapes being eaten, ftrengthen the Stomach,
refrefh the Vital Powers, caufe a good Appetite,
and cool in Fevers: Thofe of a Blood-red Juice,
ire ftld to flop Spitting of Blood, and other in-
ward Bleedings, becaufe of their Styptick quality ;
but almoft all forts of Grapes, if eaten in too great
a plenty, are apt to caufe Fluxes, and to do
other Prejudices to the Body, not eafily to be re-
trieved; whereas moderately eaten, they are other-
wife a Angular advantage to it.

XXXVII. The Verjuice. It is a Juice prefled
out of any unripe Grapes, but more efpecially out
of that kind of Grape which will not ripen with us,
being a very fair large Grape, and making very
large Bunches. It is called Omphacium , alfo Suc-
cus Omphacinus. It is a pleaAng fort of tart Juice,
fit to be ufed in Broths, Meats and Sawces, to
acuate and ftrengthen the Appetite, alfo to refill
Vomiting, and to refrefh and accelerate the faint-
ing Spirits. Made into a Syrup with White Sugar,
it is very grateful to the Stomach, quenches Thirft,
and extinguifhes the heat of Fevers. Mixt with
Honey, and ufed as a Lotion or Gargle, it cures
Sores and Ulcers in the Mouth and Throat, Gfc.

XXXVIII. The Mufi, or New Wine. It is
pleafing to the Palate, but not fo wholefome as
that which has Age upon it, and is very fine. Se-
veral forts of Mufi are apt to loofen the Belly,
; but particularly Neio Canary, creates ObftruUions
7 R 2 in

1 228 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. 1.

in the Reins, and many times caufes a Strangury,
or a kind of ltoppage and heat of Urine : But ac-
cording to the Variety of Grapes, and the Climates
and Soils in which they grow, fuch are the Qua-
lities of the Muff ^ fome are Laxative, fome
Altringent, fome Styptick, &e. and according to
thofe Qualities or Properties, varieties of Prepara-
tions may be made of them.

XXXIX. Rob, or Sapa , Syrup of Muft, or
New Wine. Take Wine newly preft from ripe
Gropes , White or Red, boil it over a gentle Fire ,
or rather in Balneo, to the thicknefs oj Honey.
It is of ufe for queafie and ill Stomachs, for
Paintings, Vomitings, and want of Appetite * it is
alfo good for Sores and Ulcers in the Gums, Mouth
and Throat, becaufe it is not only Ablterfive and
Healing, but alfo reprefles the Flux of Humors,
having a Styptick quality in it, (but is more or
lefs Sivptick, according to the kind and Qualities
of the Grape it is prelt from -, ) you may take it
Morning, Noon and Night, as much as a Walnut
at a time, alone by it felf, to ffrengthen the Sto-
mach, provoke Appetite, Efc. This you are alfo
to Note, That in what Medical Author fo ever
you read Rob or Sapa, without any other Epithite,
bur limply Written, without any relation of _what
it fhould be made, that this Rob or Sapa , is the
thing which is always intended.

XL. Wine Fermented or Pc /felled. All Wines
whatfoever ffrengthen the Stomach, chear the Heart,
revive the Spirits, and exhilerate whoie Nature •,
Strong Wines ffrengthen moft, but many of them
are heady, and being drank in too great a meafure,
are apt coenflame the Blood and Spirits, and caule
Fevers. Weak Wines cleanfe much, and that by
Urine, but being too plentifully drank, are apt to
caufe Rheumatifms, Gouts, Etc. The middle fort
of Wines (being very fine) are wholfomeff, and
fitteftfor our Bodies. All forts of trench Wines
breed Gouts, Rheumatifms, Sand, Gravel, Stone,
and Tartarous humors in the Urinary parts. All
Styptick Red Wines, as Alicant , Barabar , &c.
ltop the over-great Flux of Urine, and are preva-
lent againlf a ' Diabetes. Choice Canary, as Palm
Wine , Madera Wines White and Red , Sherry , Whit e
and Red Port Wines , and Lisbon Wines , White and
Red Florence Wines , and fuch other like ftrong
and Generous Wines, are great Cordials, and ought
to be cholen when ufedfln Cordial Compofitions,
becaufe they add Life and Spirit to the Medica-
ment, and make it more Grateful to rhe Stomach
and other Bowels.

XLI. Brandy , or Common Spirit of Wine. It is
trade of well Fermented , and fometimes of P rick? t
Wines , in a Copper Vejica Tinned within , with its
Head and Refrigeratory , or Worm , drawing it off
fo long , till it becomes of fuch a Confiflency cu to
be but juft Proof . which may be again re [lifted in
Balneo, if you fo pleafe. This Spirit being old,
when the Fire is as it were out of it, is much bet-
ter than when new drawn-, and then a fmall Dram
being teken of it now and then by it felf, (or mixed
with white Sugar, or fome Syrup, as fome will
have it) is a lingular Cordial, a lfrengthener of the
Stomach, a reviver of the Spirits, a chearer of the
Heart, an exciter of Natural heat, and a cauferof
Digeffion ^ warming of the Body, and a quickner
of the Circulation of the Blood. With this is
made Black-berry , or Bramble-berry Brandy , Mul-
berry Brandy , Rafpbcrry Brandy , Morelia Cherry-
Brandy , Black Cherry Brandy , &c. and with it
feveral T 'Mures are drawn out of particular
Simples , as from Catechu , Cochinele , Saffron , & c.
much better than can be done with the belt recti-
fied Spirit of Wine.

XLII. Spirit us V"mi , Spirit of Wine. It is
made from. Brandy , by Diftillation in a Copper
Vejica, with its Head Tinned well within , Jilted
to its proper Worm and Receiver ^ continuing the
Work till the fubtileftand fineft parts are afee tided,
(which you may know by the Tafle ■, ) after which ,
it may be feveral times retlifted in Balneo, drawing
off the half third , or fourth parts , till the Spirit
is high , and no Humidity remain which will Flame.
Where Note, that the Orifice of the Still being
cover’d with a four fold thin Paper, or thick Cloth,
the Spirituous parts will only penetrate, and the
Watery fall back again._ It is a lingular Menftru-
um to make Extrails , Tinttures and Elixirs with,
and performs many other Admirable things in
Chymiftry, as all Learned Phyficians abundantly
know.

XLIII. Phi lofophick Spirit of Wine. Take Pure
Flowers of Sal Armoniack, or Sal Armoniack twice
or thrice Sublimed from common Salt , 4 Ounces
aff, ufe thereon the left Alcholiz'd Spirit of Wine ,
or Spirit of Wine perfettly deffeg mated, or that Di-
ffilled from Salt oj Tartar till it is free from Flegm,
fo much oa to over top it 7, or 4 Inches -, being in a
Glafs Vial cl of e ft opt with Wax, let it ft and only
in a Blood warm Digeffion , 14 or 20, or 30 days ,
that the Spirit of Wine may fully imbibe , and be
impregnated with the Fire or Sulphur of the Sal
Armoniack, to wit , with its Volatile Particles or
Salt which keep for ufe. But Kirkringius advi-
fes, after this , to Diftill off' the Spirit from the
remaining Salt, Cohob at ing and Diffilling off the
Spirit three times. This Philofophick Spirit of
Wine, is a Menftruum valtly beyond the belt
Simple rectified Spirit, for extracting all forts of
Vegetable or Mineral TinUures, making of Elixirs,
Pot eft at es , &c. One of its ufes is to extraCt a
Blood-red TinCture from the Glafs of Antimony ,
and from other Mineral and Tvletalick Bodies. It
•is not much unlike, and poflibiy not inferior to
that of Baft l Valentines , mentioned in our Pharm.
Lend. lib. 1 cap. 9. J ’eft. 22. having indeed all
thofe Virtues. It is profitably ufed in Rheuma-
tifms, Gout, Stone, Jaundice, Drop lie, and all
inward ObltruCfions : They that pleafe to ufe it
may polhbly give me Thanks, for communicating
the Secret ufe of this molt Excellent Spirit- lome
few Drops (from 15, to 30 or 40,) may be given
in a Glafs of Generous Wine.

XL1V. Raifons or Dryed Grapes. They are
Grateful to the Stomach, ffrengthen the Bowels,
good againft Coughs, Colds, Catarrhs, Afthma’s,
YVheezings, and reltore in Confumptions, being
often eaten alone, or every Morning and Night,
with choice Old Chefkire Chcefc , and White Sbip-
Bifcake , by which way of eating them, they ltop
old and inveterate Fluxes of the Bowels, and For-
tifie as it were the whole Body : The Damafco-
Raifons have a little Tartnefs in them, and are very
pleafing to the Stomach : The Malaga Raifons are
alfo of lingular good ufe ; but the Raifons of the
Sun exceed all others for all the purpofes already
mentioned.

XLV. Honey of r Raifons. Mel Paffulatum.
Take Raifons of the Sun Jloned, and bruifed in a
Marble Mortar, 2 Pounds ■, warm Water 6 Pounds •,
infufe 24 Hours , then boil in Balneo to the Con -
fumption of the half and prefs out the Liquor
Jlrongly, which with Clarified Honey a Pound and
a half boil to its due Conftftency : If inf cad of the
Water , you take Canary , Malaga or Tent , the
Medicine will be fo much the better. It is a
choice thing againft Althma’s, Colds, Coughs,
Catarrhs, Confumptions, Hoarfnels, Wheezing,
and other like Dileafes of rhe Breft and Lungs.

Mel

Chap. 724, ‘Englijh Herbs. . 1229

Mel de Paffulis Compofitum , or a Compound Honey
of Raifons, is thus made. Take Juices of Male
Peony Roots , 0/ Liquorice , 0/ Bawm , 0/ Harts-
Tongue , 0/ Hyffop, of each an Ounce •, of the Pulp
of Raifons made with Malaga Wine or Canary , 0
Pound ; Double Refined Sugar a Pound and a quar-
ter •, w/at //;<?;», Z»0;7 to a Confiftency. It has

all the former Virtues, befides which, it is pecu-
liar for Children againft Convulfions, the Falling
Sicknefs, Chin-cough, and the Rickets.

XLVI. De cod ion of Grape , 0;' Raifon Stones.
It is good to ftop Fluxes of Blood in any part, as
Bleeding at Nofe, Spitting and Vomiting Blood,
inward Bleedings, Bloody Flux, and Pilling oh
Blood. It (tops all forts of Fluxes of the Belly,
ftrengthens the Stomach, and prevails againlt a
Diabetes.

XL VII. The Pouder of the Grape or Raifon
Stones. It has all the former Virtues, and may be
given from half a Dram to a Dram in a little
Honey of Raifons , and* then walht down with a
Draught of the Dccoftion of the Stones. The
Pouder outwardly applyed, is a good Styptick in
flopping of Blood.

XLV1II. Acetum , Vinegar. How our Diflillers
make Vinegar, we have taught at large in our
Dor on Me die urn, lib. 1. cap. 24. fell. 36. fo that
it would be A.ttum agere , to repeat that again
here. But for fuch as cannot go that way to work,
for want of Neceffaries, it may be done another
way, after the following manner. Make a Pafte
of Wheat Meal and White Wine , adding to every
Pound and half thereof half an Ounce of drycd
Salt , reduced in a very hot Mortar to a fine Pou-
der let all be wrought very wcftl together , and lye
in Digcftion 24 Hours , then make it all out into
little Loaves , which Bake in an Oven with a foft
heat : Take thefe Loaves and fteep them in the
ftrongeft Wine Vinegar , (in every Gallon of which ,
4 Ounces or more of fine PouderedSalt is added ,)
with which make a Pafle again , and make into lit-
tle Loaves , and Bake as before. This Work fo
often repeat , till the Loaves will be no more dif-
folvcd in the Vinegar , or rather receive no more
Acidity from it -, which done , put a fujficient quan-
tity of this Bread , into 4, 6, or 1 o Gallons , or
what Quantity you pleafe of Strong Wine , ( ef ped-
al ly fuch of it as is prickt , or begins to grow acid )
and it will in a very Jhort time be converted into
good Vinegar. Vinegar if it is good, and very
acute or lharp, is an excellent Stomatick, and
therefore it is almoft always an Ingredient in the
molt excellent Sawces. It is a molt Angular thing
to quench Thirfl, abate the heat of the molt violent
Fevers, refill: Poifon -, and is generally an Ingre-
dient in molt Liquid Compositions againlt the
Spotted Fever, Malign Fevers, Meafles, Small
Pox, and the Plague or Peltilence it felf ; and all
forts of Contagious Infections, and Peftilential
Difeafes. It is Styptick, and good to ftop all forts
of Fluxes of Blood, whether inward or outward.

XLIX. Spirit of Vinegar. Spiritus Aceti, Ace-
tum Diftillatum, 1. Tafe of the befl Wine Vi-
negar, put it into a Glajs Still, and with a gentle
Tire in Balneo Maria:, or in Afhes , draw off the
Plegm without Tafte, which will be near a quarter
part -, change tlx: Receiver, and force over the
Spirit. If the Spirit is for Phyfical ufes, you mu (l
take heed of Burning, left your Preparation fmcll
of the fame. If it is for a Metaline ufe, draw off
the Plegm in Balneo, and in Sand Diftil violently,
till a red Spirit afeends, and all be come over.
II. Or thus, according to Cloflkus. Take 6 Quarts
of Vinegar , and Diftil in a lukewarm Balneo M.
till but one Quart remains then in Sand or A flies.

draw off the remainder to drynefs , Cohobating two
or three times upon the Paces. III. Or thus, which
is yet ttronger. Infpijfate Vinegar to the thicknefs
of Honey, and fet it to Cry ft alii ze, which Gy Pals
purifie, by dijfo lying them in the Plegm of the
Vinegar, and Cry P alii ze again ■, Take ; hefe Cry-
ftals, and make them into Balls with Bale, and then
drive the Spirit thro1 a Retort, which after relhfie,
fo will it be f iery and Corrofivc. IV. Spiritus Aceti
Sennerti. Take Faces of Di f illed Vinegar, Calcine
them dry, add to the fame Spirit of Vinegar, and
draw it off again in Sand, Cohobating fo often till
all its common or fixt Salt afeend with the Spirit.
This is Radicated or Alkaliz'd Vinegar. V. Or.
thus. Take Pieces or Lees of Vinegar, Di fill in a
Veficatory with its Refrigeratory, fo will you have
a Fiery Spirit, which will diffolve Metals Stones and
Minerals. VI. Spiritus Aceti Terebinrhinatus.
It is made of Vinegar and Turpentine, Diftilhng
them in a Retort, then feparating the Oil and Spirit
from the Plegm, or Water. VII. Dr. Anthonielr
Spirit of Vinegar, with which he made his Aurum
Potabile. Get three or four Glajs Stills, which
will hold a Gallon or two apeicc , and about 6 Gal-
lons of the ftrongeft Red Wine Vinegar, (Vinegar
of White Wine or Claret , will be too weak ) made of
Red Wine, or of Canary, or Mufcadine. Put the
Vfnegar into the St ills, and fet as many a going as
the Balneum will hold, (which Balneum ought to
be two Feet and a half Square, to hold many G Life s : )
take a Pint of that which runs fir ft, and put it
away as weak, and not fit for ufe ■, then Dili ill the
reft to drynefs : Wafh the Stills with a little of the
Plegm or jirfi running : Diftil again, and put
away the firft Pint • this Work repeat four or five
times -, fo of a Gallon of Vinegar , you will have
three Pints of Spirit -, and of your fix Gallons
nearly io Pints. If your Spirit is yet too 'weak,
you muft Diftil it oftner • this Spirit keep in a Glafs
clofe ftopt with a Glafs Stopple. For a Quart of
this Menftruum, Bifhop Bilfon gave Dr. Anthony
Thirty Shillings. VIII. Radicate, Spirit of Vi-
negar, according to Marggrave. Take Spirit of
Vinegar, or the former Radicated Vinegar, and
Diftil it a new from Sal Armoniack, fo will it be
much more, potent. Spirit of Vinegar attenuates,
inc'tdes,. difeufles, reprefles, cools, and has all the
Properties of Vinegar, but much more intenfe and
ftrong. It is ufed as a ^Menftruum, to perform
Chymical Extractions with. The Terebinthinatedor
Radicated Vinegar, is for the dilfolution of Stones
of all forts, chiefly of Gems or Pretious Stones,
of which Crollius and Hartman make much men-
tion -, and it is ufed by Paracelfus againlt Difeafes
of the Stone, by giving it in a proper or Specifick
Vehicle. Thefe Authors fay, that it will dilfolve
Flints and other Stones, without any Previous Cal-
cination, and is alfo profitable for many other
ufes : Now if it has a Power of Dilfolving fuch
hard Subftances without Calcination, it mult cer-
tainly have much more power to do the fame,
after fuch a Preparatory Operation of the Fire.
Dr. Anthonies Spirit of Vinegar, may without
doubt have all the fame Virtues and ufes with other
Spirits, bur what he applyed it to, was chiefly to
make his Menftruum, with which he prepared his
Aurum Potabile, that Medicine fo much Fam’d
throughout almoft the whole World.

L . Wine Art ificial. Take Malaga Raifons freed
from their Stalks art hundred Weight, fair Rain-
Water 30 Gallons -, put the boiling Water upon the
Raifons, ft ir ring them well together , which let
ft and 48 Hours or more, till the Water has drawn
forth all the Sweet nefs and Strength out of the Rai-
fons •, then draw off the Water from the Fruit into a

Wooden

12

3°

Salmon s Herbal. Lib. 1.

Wooden Fat, where let it ftand till it begins to
ferment Barrel it up, keeping it upon the Lees
till the Fermentation is over, and the Wine is abfo-
lutely Fine , which then may if you Jo pleafe, be
Bottled up. This is not inferior in Strength to
any trench Wine, and much more pleafant, drink-
ing a great deal more Acute and Brisk. It has the
Virtues oh other ftrong Wines, and may be drank
ordinarilv as other Wines. If you pleafe, you may
alter its White or Pale color, and make it of a Red
color, by putting into it Alkanct -Roots, which
will give it a Glorious Red, and thereby make it
much more taking to fome fort of People. When
Malaga Raijons are Cheap, or at the ordinary Price,
this Wine will (your Labour being iet afide) fcarcely
Hand you in Three Pence a Quart.

LI. Hippocras , or Spiced Wine, Vinum Hippo-
craticum. I. Dr. Bates Hippocras. Take Ginger,
Cloves, of each one Ounce , Cinnamon, hut megs,
of each two Ounces Spanijh Wine or Canary, fix
Quarts-, double refined Sugar 3 Pounds and a half
mixt with New Milk a Quart and half a Pint -,
let them Jland 24 Hours , then jirain off, to which
add one Limon thin fficed, and two tender Sprigs
of Rofemary -, often pajjing it thro' Hippocrates s
Sleeve , till it becomes clear. Dole 3 or 4 Dunces
in Languors or Paintings. II. The common Hig-
pocras of the Shops. Take Ginger 3 Prams ,
Cloves,. Nutmegs, of each 1 Prams, Mace two
Scruples, White Pepper, Cardamoms of each a
Scruple - Cinnamon 6 Drams, Marfh- Mallow Seed,
one Ounce : Canary, or White Lisbon, or pure Red
Port Wine 6 Quarts : Let all the Ingredients be
bruifed, and put into a thin Milk Cloth bag, with
a Stone in it to make it Jink, then put in the Wine ,
and let all infufe fors a Quarter oj a Tear, then
draw it off, and Bott/e it up. Where Note, that
fome boil the Spices in the Wine, which they fwceten
with Double Refined Sugar, and then let it pafs
thro a Hippocras Bag, Bottling it up afterwards :
But if you would have this, or any other Liquor
purely clear, you muff uje a Tripplc Hippocras Bag,
made of White Cotton or Flannel Jo what Feces
pajs the Jr ft Bag will flay in the Jecond, and what
paffes the Jecond, will Hop in the third and laff :
Tou muft order them Jo, that the Point or Corner
of the one may hang in the Mouth of the other-,
and the Corner or Point of the third and laff, in
the Mouth of the Cup orVejfel to receive the Wine.
III. Hippocras Extemporanee. Hippocras made
in an Inftant. Take white Pepper a Dram, Cloves
announce. Nutmegs, Mace, Ginger , of each two
Ounces -, Cinnamon 8 Ounces, Spirit of Wine three
Pints : the Ingredients being all JuJficientlybruiJed,
mix with the Spirit, and digeft 14 days clofe flopt
in a cold place, Jhaking the Vcffcl twice a day, then
prefs out the Tintlure very hard : To the Magma
or Faeces, affufe frejh Spirit of Wine a Pint and a
half, mix, digeft , and fhake as before for 14 other
days, then prefs out the Tintlure very hard-, put
this latter Tintlure to the former, mix them , and
let them fettle for 4 <?/■ 5 days, then decant the clear,
and filter it thro' brown Paper, which keep for uje.
Take of your intended Wine you will make your
Hippocras of a Quart, of the aforefaid Tintlure
three large Spoonfuls, more or lejs , (as you would
have it m Strength) max them together , and you
will have good Hippocras in a Moment. Where
Note, That if the Wine be of it felf harfh, it
ought to be aforehand Dulcified with Double Refi-
ned Sugar, by which it will be made more grate] ul
to the Palate -, and then letting it Jland till it is
Pure and Fine, it may be Bottled up. Dr. Bates
Lays, that if you add White Pepper half a Dram,
to his Recipe, it will make the Compofition more

Grateful to the Stomach •, and lor l'uch as love
Perfumes, he fays you may add half an Ounce of
of Musk Seed. All thefe feveral Preparations are
very Cordial, {Lengthen and fortify the Head,
Heart and Stomach, fupport the Animal and Vital
Powers, recreate the Spirits, dry up Humidities,
and refrefh the Body over wearied with much La-
bour : They caule Appetire and a good Digeffion,
are good againft Fainting and Swooning, and ad-
mirably expel Wind, whether in the Stomach or
Bowels, which trouble them with fowre Belchings,
Heart burnings. Gripings, Colicks, and the like.

LII. Gum of the Vine. The Gum which iffues
out of the Vine of it felf, Ricking to the Bark,
(which it emits in hot Climates, but very rarely
in ours) being taken from half a Dram to a Dram,
diffolved in White Port, or Lisbon Wine, is of
good ufe in the Strangury, and to expel Sand,
Gravel, and Tartarous Mucilage out of the Uri-
nary Palfages : Being bathed on the Skin, it takes
away Scurf!, Morphew, Scabs, Tetrars, Ring-
worms, and fuch like Deformities thereof ^ asalfo
the Leprous Scurf if the places be kill wafht
with a Dijfolution of Nitre in Water, or the Gum
be diflolved in the faid Nitrated Water, and fo
ufed. When the Green Branches of the Vine are
burnt, a Gummy Water will drop from their ends :
this being faved, will perform the fame things as
the aforefaid Gum, having one and rhe fame Na-
ture and Qualities. They fay, being mixed with
Oil and ufed, it will take away Hair, and confume
Warts j this, tiro’ 1 know nothing of by Experience,
yet I much doubt it, becaule of its foft, and al-
moft infipici Qualities.

LI II. Wine Lees. From the Lees of Wine, a
Volatile Salt of Tartan may be Diftilled, or Ex-
tracted after this manner. Take Lees of Wine
dryed with a gentle Fire, put them into a large
Earthen or Glafs Retort, fo as to fill it about two
third parts full. Put it into a Reverberatory Fur-
nace, with a large Receiver : make at fir ft but a
fmall tire, fo as to heat the Cornute by degrees,
that the infipid Flegm may be drawn forth. When
Fumes or Vapors begin to arife, empty the Flegm
out of the Receiver , and join it to the Beak of the
Retort again. Luting it well. Encreafe the Fire by
Degrees, till the Recipient is filled with white
Clouds -, continue the hire at that height , till the
Recipient begins to cool, then increafe the Fire to
the height , which continue fo long till no more
Vapors will afeend . Tl)e Veffel being grown cold,
unlute the Receiver, and fhake it well about, to
cauje the Volatile Salt which flicks to it, to fall to
the bottom. Then put all into a Bolt-head with a
long Neck , fitted with a proper Head and a fmall
Receiver, which Lute well in the Joints. Put it
into a Sand heat , with a foft or fmall Fire, fo will
the Volatile Salt arife , and flick to the head and
top of the Bolt-head. Take off this Head, and ap-
ply another in its ftead, gather your Salt , and clofe
it up immediately, for otberwife it will prefently
diffolve into Liquor : Continue now the Fire, and
continually gather up the. Salt as you fee it aft end.
When no more will arife, you may Diftil a fmall
Quantity of Liquor, and then put out the Fire.
This Liquor is a quantity of Flegm, joined with
fome Volatile Salt, and may be called Volatile
Spirit of Tartar, having the fame Virtues with
the Salt, and may be given from 8 Drops to 24. in
any proper Vehicle. You may alfo make this Vola-
tile Salt of Tartar after this manner. Take Wine
Lees what quantity you pleafe, Jeparate by Brain-
ing, and pr effing the Wine contained in them. From
this Wine draw a very Subtil, Volatile, and Infla ~
mable Spirit, which referve . The Magma remain -

ing.

Chap. 724. Englijh Herbs. 1231

ing, dry in the Sun, or in a gentle Sand bear.
Pouder it, and fprinkle it with the afore-referved
Spirit, or with other well Rcdified Spirit of Wine,
making it moderately moift. Let the whole Mafs
dry of it felf, as you dry'd it before : then fill with
it two thirds of a large Retort' of Potters Earth ,
place it in a large Reverberatory Yurnace, fitted and
well Luted to a large Recipient. Difiil firft with
a gentle Eire, increafing it by degrees for about I:
Hours, till the Eire comes to the utmoft violence
After which, the Veffcls being cold, unlute them,
and you will have in the Receiver, the Volatile
Salt of Tartar, mixed with the Oily part, and
much Ylegm. Empty both together into a large
Matrafs, with a long Keck, which place in a Sand
hear, covering it with its Head, well luted to a
Receiver. Difiil with a moderate Eire, as in the
Ttgttification of other Volatile Salts ; fo will the
Volatile Salt of Tartar afeend firft, and Hick to
the infide oj the Head, in a White and Cryftalline
form, which gather with what Dexterity and Speed
you can, that it may be perfelily feparated from
the Oily parts, which will afeend next to this Vola-
tile Salt. Where Note, that the Reffified Spirit
of Wine is not abfolutely neceffary in this Work;
but there is this in it, that by embracing fome
part of the Acid of the Lees, and taking it along
with it in its Diftillation, it frees the Volatile Salt,
fo as that you will have it in greater quantity,
than otherwife without it. In thefe Operations,
the Acid Subftance of the Juice of the Grape,
unites it felf with a great part of the Volatile Salt,
to make the Compofition of the Tartar : Whence
it is, that Tartar yields not fo much Volatile Salt
as the Moift Lees at the bottom of the Cask do,
which mightily abound in a Volatile Salt, and a
Sulphurous spirit. And hence it is, that the Vola-
tile Salt of Tartar, is mote eafily, and more plenti-
fully drawn from the Lees, than from the more
Solid, and Stony Tartar. The Virtues. This
Volatile Salt of Tartar is faid to purifie the whole
Mafs of Blood, both by Sweat and Urine, and
fometimes by Stool, whereby the Mafs of Putre-
faftive Humors and Matter is carried off. It is
good againft the Palfie, Apoplexy, Epilepfy, Le-
thargy, and other like Difeafes of Head, Brain
and Nerves ; tefifts all intermitting Fevers, chiefly
Tertians and Quartans, opens all Obftruflions of
Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Mefentety, Gail, Reins
and Womb; cures Cachexies, Dropfies, Jaundice,
Scurvy, and other lluhborn Difeafes. Dofe from
1 o Grains to a Scruple, in any fit Vehicle, A Ca-
taplafm of Wine Lees. It is made by mixing them
with Rye Flower or Meal, till they come to a Con-
ffiency. Being applyed, it is accounted an excel
lent thing to eafe the pains of the Gout.

LIV. Tartar or Argol. It is that hard part of
the Lees of Wine, which (hooting it felf to the
fides of the Cask, flicks to the fame, and becomes
hard almoft like a Stone. That which is taken
from Rhenifh, and other White Wines, is the belt
to be prepared into Medicines : But the R cdTartar,
which proceeds from Red Wines, as it yields no-
thing near fo much Salt, fo it is much inferior to
the former, but ferves well enough for Dyers, in
fixing their Colors, and for Gold-Smiths to boil
their Silver in to whiten it. The White Tartar is
many times given unprepared, being reduced into
a Fine and Subtil Pouder, from 2 Drams to half
an Ounce, in half a Pint or more, of boiling hot
Water-Gruel. It purges the Bowels, and cleanfes
them, as alfo the Urinary parts, of Slimy and
Watery Humors, and is profitable againft Cachex-
ies, Dropfies, Obftruflions of the Reins, Bladder
and Womb, ifc. But this Crude unprepareiTar-

tar is feidom given, for that the PurijiedTartar,
as alio the Cream of Tartar, is common enough
to be had, and at an eafie price : Purified Tartar
ts thus made. Take pure white Cryftalline Tartar
10 Pounds, beat it into fine Pouder, and diffolvi
it tn 6 Gallons of boiling Spring Water, and 'conti-
tfie the boiling till it is dijfolvei-, then prcfently
Jirain hot thro' an Hippoctas Bag : The drained
Liquor continually ftir round with a Wooden Slice
till it is cold, then let it reft, and in 2 or 3 hours
“jftr , the pure fine Tartar will fink to the bottom
oj the l effel, in form of an impalpable and Jhining
white Pouder , which is Tartar Purified, and is
equal with either Cream or Cryftals of Tartar
the Virtues, Dofe and Ufe is as the former, and
the Name with Cream or Cry Hals of Tartar next
following. See our Seplafwm , ot Drueeilh-
Shop, hb. 2. cap. 10. J

LV. Cream and Cryftals of Tartar. Di Solve
what quantity of White Tartar you pleafe, in a large
quantity of boiling Water, which done, pafs it thro'
iP,P°cras BaS> int0 " lar&e Earthen Veffel, or
Bell Crlafs underneath : Evaporate about half aaav
“ttf/et it to Cryftallize for 2 or 3 days, ( favine
what fwims a top as well as the Cryftals ; ) Eva-
porate again half away, and Jet it to Cryftallize
doing this fo long fill you have gotten all the Tartar'
What fwtms on the top is called Cremor Tattati
Ihe Cream of Tartar -, and that which /hoots on
bottomi « called the Cryftals of Tartar.
Where Note, that in diffolving and boiling the
Tartar m the Water, it ought to be done rather
m an Larthen Pot, than in an Iron, one, left it
mould draw a TinSute from the Iron. The Vir-
tues of both thefe Preparations are one and the
Hme and the fame with the Purified Tartar in
the former Seihon, being Aperitive, Purgative
good for Cacheftical, Hydropical and Afthmatick
ferlons -, and excellent againft Tertian and Quar-
tan Agues. The Dofe is from 2 Drams to half an
Dunce, more or lefs, which being reduced to very
fins Pouder, ought to be given in the Vehicle boil-
ing hot, that it may difTolve therein, and not fall
to the bottom.

LVI. Tartar Emetick. Take Cream or Cryftals
tfVZ « Crocus MetaUorum in
Subn! Pouder of each a, Ounces -, mix them, and
dijjolve in boding Water, then filter, and evaporate
todrynefs. It is the belt of all Emeticks Opera-
ting with much Gentlenefs and Safety Purging
both upwards and downwards, and may be given
from gr. ij to viij It may be given in hot
Water-Gruel, or in fome Conferve or Elefluary
°r the Pulp of a roafted Apple, wafhing it down
with a little warm Poflet-Drink, or Water-Gruel
It is good againft Frenzy, Madnefs, Carup Le-
thargy Epilepfy, Vertigo, Melancholy, Sicknefs
and VVind in the Stomach, pains of the Sides
Jaundice, Dropfie, Gout, Rheumatifm, Putrid and
Malign Fevers, Tertian and Quartan Agues ; inve-
terate Obftruflions of Liver, Spleen, Reins, Womb
and Mefentety ; and is profitable againft a Dyfen-
tery, and the malignity of the Plague or Peftilence
it felf Emetick Tartar may be made by feveral
other Ptefcripts, as you may fee more at large in
our Seplajium, or Druggifts Shop, lib. 2. cap. to.
Jed. 15, Cl 16. and in Our Pharm. Bat Cana, lib. 1.
cap. 1 0. fed. 48. to which we refer you.’

LVII. Spirit of Tartar. Take White Tartar
in Pouder as much as you pleafe , put it into a large
Earthen Retort Luted all over, fo large as that it
may not fill it above half or J parts full, which
place in a clofe Yurnace of Reverberation -. Make
fit ft a gentle tire, which continue fo long till nearly
all the Ylegm is come off : Then change the Receiver,

ani

. ft*

1232 Salmon s

and fit to the Retort a large Glajs Recipient. In •-
create the fire Gradatim, till it comesto the utmoft
degree, and fo great that the Recipient be Jilled
wholly with white Clouds, for a pretty long feafon :
Continue this degree of fire , till the Recipient be-
comes clear again ; at what time put out the fire ,
and flop up the Regift ers of the furnace , letting the
Retort cool. Then unlute the Joint of the Recipi-
ent, and put the Liquor into a large Matrafs with
a long Keck, fixing to it a jit Head, and in a gentle
Sand heat draw off the Spirit (leaving the Oil at
the bottom) repleat with a great deal of the Volatile
Salt of Tartar, and fome few P articles of its fine
and purer Oil, which keep in a Glajs dofe ft opt.
This Spirit is a great Sudorifick, expelling from
the Center to the Circumference, all Sharp, Cor-
rofive. Malign, Poifonous, and Peltilential Hu-
mors | and all fuch unnatural or corrupted Juices,
which are the caufe of inveterate Leprofies, Scabs,
Scurf, Morphew, Erifipe/as, Herpes, Ring-worms,
Tettars, Impetigo, and the like. It is powerful
againlt ’all forts of Colicks, Rheumatifms, Gouts,
Quinfies, Inflamations of the Throat and Tonfils,
Pleurifies, trench Pox, ©V. It alfo opens all Ob-
ftru&ions’ of the Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Reins,
Metentery and Womb -, and is prevalent againll
Cachexies, Green Sicknel's, Dropfie, Jaundice,
Obftruffions of the Terms, &c. Dofe from a
Scruple to a Dram, or two Drams in any fit Ve-
hicle See more hereof in Our Pharmacopeia Lon-
dinenfts, lib. 1. cap. 8. fell. 7, §. 4- and j? Our
Pharmacopoeia Baleana , lib. I. cap. 3- Jett. 20.
where you may receive abundant Satisfaction.

LVIII Oleum Tartari Difiillatum. The Didd-
led Oil of Tartar. This Oil is drawn with the
Spirit, in the former Procefs juft now declared,
and in the reparation of the Spirit is left behind
in the Cucurbit or Matrafs. This Oil may be
rectified from its more Empyreumatick and grofs
parts, after this manner. Take of the aforefaid Oil,
and add to it four or five times its weight of Col-
cothar, and in a Glajs Retort draw off the Oil by a
gentle Sand hear. This Oil when redified , mllftill
be kinking, tho nothing like that before Rcdifica-
tion i but it will yet J link left, if it be two or three
times thus R edified. It may be given thus Refti-
fied from gut. ij. ad vij. dropt into fine Pouder-
Sugar, and fo given in fome fit Vehicle, again!!
Fits of the Mother. It alfo expels Wind, and
gives eafe in the Colick. It generally cures V apors
by meetly Smelling to 5 but by reafon of its ex-
ceeding Fcetidnefs, is not much ufed inwardly : ’Tis
true that being Reftified from the Calcin'd Vitriol,
Tis fomething better. It cannot be any ways made
pleafant to the Smell, bur be Elixirating of it, firft
with Reflified Spirit of Nitre, and then mixing it
with three times its quantity of Reftified Spirit of
Wine then it may be given inwardly from 10
Drops to 40. in any fit Vehicle, againll Difeafes
of the Head, Brain, Nerves, Womb and Joints.

L1X. Mixture Simplex, or Spiritus Diatnon.
Take Redified Spirit of Tartar, fix Ounses : Vola-
tile Spirit of Vitriol ( which afeenis next and im-
mediately after the F legm) 2 Ounces: Spititus The-
riacalis Camphorated, to Ounces ; mix, and digeft
in a Phial Hermetically Sealed for a Month, that
they may be perfed/y united according to Art.
This Mixture attenuates, opens, and by theSubtilcy
of its Particles, penetrates through the whole Bo-
dy without any trouble : According to Paracelfus,
it is a potent thing in curing the Epilepfy, gives
immediate relief in the Pleurifie, and removes all
Obltruhtions ot the Vifcera. It is a potent thing
againll burning malign and Peftilential Fevers, ex-
pelling the Malignity by Sweat, and is a lingular

Herbal. Lib. I.

Preparation againll Hypochordriack Diftempers
and Melancholy ; as alfo again!! Vapors, and Hy-
fterick Fits. Dofe one Dram, mote or lefs, in Ca-
nary, or Canary mixt with Cinnamon- Water. See
more hereof in my Pharmacopoeia Bateana, lib. t .
cap. 2. fed. 12.

LX. Sal Tartari : Salt of Tartar Pure. It is
made of White Tartar being Calcin'd in a Naked
fire, in a Reverberatory, or other furnace of Cal-
cination -, after which , the Salt is Extraded with
fair Water by Elixiviation , filteration and Defic-
cation, after the manner of making all other fixed
Salts. Or you may prepare it from the Caput
Mortuum, remaining after the Diftillatjon of the
former Spirit and Oil of Tartar , after it has oeen
again Calcin'd to Whitenefs , by the former manner
of Elixiviation, filtration and Defecation. This
Salt is an admirable thing againll the Stone, Sand,
Gravel, and tartatous matter in the Reins and
Bladder ; it opens all Obtfruflions of the Vifcera,
provokes Urine powerfully, and is an excellent
thing againll the Scurvy, Dropfie, Jaundice, and
Gout ; and outwardly prevails againll Scurff,
Morphew, Scabs, LeproGe, Ulcers, Serpigines,
Tettars, Herpes, Scald Heads, Tanning, Sun-burn-
ing, and all other Deformities of the Skin. It
ablotbs Acidities in the Stomach and other Bowels,
and is r.n immediate thing againll Heart-burning,
Dofe from half a Scruple to a Scruple, in Ale,
Beer, Water, or White Wine, ©V.

LXI. Sal Tartari cum Nitro , Salt of Tartar with
Nitre. Take Crude white Tartar, Sal Nitre, of each
(in Pouder ) equal parts ; mix, and in a Crucible
Calcine to Wbitenejs, by fiirring the fame with a
red hot Iron, till the Nitre is wholly conjumed,
which is known by the ceafing of the Emigration and
Burning. Thus the Tartar being Calcin’d as white
as Snow, is yet the fame in Weight with the Tartar
at firft, by which it appears, that the Tartar is
nearly all Salt. If you mix this Salt with an equal
quantity of Sulphur, and Calcine again, you will
take away the naufeotts Lixiviate Tafte of the Salt ,
by which it will become not only more pleafant , but
alfo in a great meafure refift the Imromijfion of
the Air , fo that it will not fo eafily melt or diffolve.
It is Diuretick, is a Famous Opener of Obltrubli-
ons, and has all the Virtues of the former pure
Salt. It takes away ftoppages of the Lungs, Sto-
mach and Bowels, provokes the Terms, and is
prevalent againlt Afthma’s, Coughs, Colds, Con-
fumptions, Pleurifies, Cachexies, Dropftes, Jaun-
dice, &c. Dofe from half a Dram to a Dram,
in Ale, Beet, Broth, Wine, ©V. See ourP harm.
Londinenfis, lib. 3. cap. it. fed. jq. And out
Pharm. Bateana, lib. I. cap. to. fed. 42.

LXI1. Oleum Tartari per deliquium : Oil ot
Tartar by Diflblution. Put pure Salt of Tartar
upon a Polijht Marble, which place fhelvmg in a
Cellar cruer an Earthen Glaz’d Pot or Pan, or
broad Glajs Veffel, in a moift Cellar, fo will the
Salt diffolve into an Oil, and fall down into the
Receiver. Or put it into a Hippocras Bag, which
hang up in a moift Cellar, with a Glajs , or Earthen
Glajs’ d Receiver under it, to receive the dripping
Oil which filter and Evaporate to a Conftflency.
But if you would have immediately Oil of Tartar
per deliquium, then put one Ounce of pure fine
white Salt of Tartar , into two Ounces oj Water,
and it will all diffolve into Liquor, which if you
oleafe you may filter thro’ brown Paper, and keep
for ufe. It has all the Virtues of the Salt, and
may be given from half a Dram to a Diam, in
any proper Liquor.

LX1II. Sal Tartari Vohatum Foliated Salt ot
Tartar. Take Pure Salt of Tartar at much as you

Chap. 724. 'Engltjh Herbs. i2n

pleafe , put it into a large Glafs Cucurbit ,
gently pour on it as much Spirit of Vinegar os the
Salt can fuck up , fo that they may be fat iated with
each other , and no Effervefcency at all remains ,
will the Work be done at once: Some part of the
Humidity of the Spirit , evaporate by a gentle Sand
heat , fo will a black fubfiance remain at bottom of
the Glafs. Being cold , dijjolve it in good Spirit of
Wine , Filter thro ’ brown Paper , in a Glafs
.Cucurbit in a Sand heat , Evaporate to drynefs.
Dijjolve again in Spirit of Wine , Filter ate and
Evaporate as before . This Work repeat , //// /fe
5.//Z w white , dry, and in di ft in ft Leaves at bottom
of the Vejfel. Ic is of Angular ufe to purifie or
cleanfe the whole Mafs of Blood and Humors,
and to refolve and carry oft' all manner of Tarta-
rous Mucilage, (which is the caufe of many Chro-
nick and rebellious Difeafes,) whether in the Vif-
cera , or any ocher parts of the body. It keeps
the Belly foluble, and purges by Urine all the
tilth of the Reins, Ureters and Bladder. Dole
from 10 Grains to 20, in Broth, or fome other
proper Vehicle.

LXIV. Cremor Tartari SoJubilis -, Soluble Cream
of Tartar. Take Cream oj Tartar, dijjolve it in a
Jujficient quantity of warm or boiling Water-, then
drop in Oil of Tartar per deliquium, till the
Ebuhtion ceafes , after which Evaporate the ■ humi-
dity to drynefs. It will readily diffolve in any
warm Broth, Gruel, or Liquor, and may be given
horn half a Dram to a Dram. It gently loofens
the Belly, abates the heat of Fevers, ftrengthens
the Stomach, and opens ObltruGions.

L XV. Soluble Em etick Tartar. Take of the
former Soluble Cremor Tartari, Crocus Metallo-
rum levigated , of each tvjo Ounces Spring Water
three Pints -, digeft a Week, or in a gentle Sand
heat often fhaking the Glafs then boil gently for
an hour or more, after which Filtrate, and Evapo-
rate to drynefs. This has all the Virtues of the
former Emetic k Tartar , but is more fit for ufe in
many Patients, becaul'e ic will readily diilolve in
any cold Liquor, and may be given in the fame
manner aqd.dofe. r —

LX VI. Sal Tartari Vitriolatum -, Salt of Tartar
Variolated. Take of the aforefaid Oil of Tartar
per deliquium, a Pound, more orlefs-, drop upon it
Spirit (or Oil ) of Vitriol or Sulphur, fo much till it
makes no wife when the Ebuhtion ceafes. Evapo-
rate with a gentle heat to drynefs. It purges very
well in one or two Drams, with much eafe, and
cleanfes the Body admirably. It kills Worms in
Children, being given from 10 Grains to a beruftfe
or more, in warm Broth or Gruel : It cleanfes and
ltrengthens the Stomach, cuts and diffolves tough
and dummy humors in the Vijcera ; caufes a good
Appetite and Digeftion, quenches Thirft, and ex-
tinguifhes the heat of the molt burning and ma-
lign fevers ; diffolves Tartar in the Body, and
opens all manner of Obftruaions; it provokes the
Terms, and is good againft the Rickets in Chil-
dren and Green Sicknei's in Virgins and is faid
to cure alfo Tertian and Quartan Agues.

LXVI1. Sal Tartari Volatile ; Volatile ialt oi
Tartar Take white Tartar Calcin'd to blacknefs ,
or rather fomewhat more, viz. till it it grey, three
Pounds ; put it into a great Iron Pot, upon which
put fait' Water, fo much as to over-top u an Inch or
two - Put the Pot over a gentle fire, which when
the Calcin'd Tartar is fully Embodied with the Wa-
ter and is become Blood-warm, ftrew upon it by
degrees, a handful of Crude Tartar in fine Ponder,
ro w'll' an Effervefcence arife : Continue It) firm
more Pouier of Tartar upon it gradatim , fo Ml
the fermentation increafe , and the Bubbles grow

larger and more numerous, gathering together not
much unlike a Bunch of Grapes : Mean while , let
not the Fire exceed in heat fuch nr is commonly ujed
for Per mentations -, fill firewing in more Ponder of
Crude Tartar, not too much at a time, left the Ehu -
lit ion (hould run over the fides of the Vejfel. Ween
you fee the Ebulition ceafes, you mufi ceaje to
ftrew in any more Crude Pouder of Tartar. Put
this whole matter into a very large Iron Gourd, with
a very long Keck, which cover with its Head and
Receiver : Lute well the Junftures, and Diftil in
a Sand heat, fir ft with a very gentle Fire, ( apply-
ing continually cold wet Cloths about the Gourd ,
to fop a little the boiling of the matter ) at laf
augment tide fire, fo toil l the Volatile Salt afeend.
The Difilled Liquor reftify again , at much as is
fit for the Separation of the Salt, which you will have
in Whitenefs and Purity. This Volatilization is
made by rq.ifon of the Fermentation, made by mix-
ing of Crude Tartar with the fixed Salt of Tartar,
whereby a perfeU Separation of the Salt is made,
(as well from the Calcin’d as Crude parts) and fo
Volatiliz’d * that after Diff illation there is not to
be found in the Faces any Salt at all, either Vola-
tile or Fixed. But there is another way of making
this Volatile Salt of Tartar, from the pure fixed
Salt thus : Take pure fine Salt of Tartar 7 Pounds ,
of the black diftilled Oil of Tartar a Pound, mix
them well together , and put them into a Glafs Re-
tort, which fop very clofe, and place it in a gentle
Sand heat for 6 Months -, then open the Mouth,
and fix thereto a large Receiver well Luted, and.
place it in a Sand heat. Difiil with a gradual
Fire, fo will a great quantity of Volatile Salt come
forth , fuelling like Urine, but white and Cryftal -
line, of a very penetrating Smell, with a Liquor
alfo, which contains in it a Jmall quantity of the
fame Salt and a little Oil, almofi as penetrating as
the white Cryflalline Salt. In this Preparation, by
reafon of the long Digeftion, there is a fecret
Fermentation between the Diftilled Oil and the
Fixed Salt; and tho’ the faid Oil contains much
Volatile Salt, yet the Volatile Salt here alcending,
proceeds chiefly from the Fixed Salt of Tartar it
felf, which in this Operation quitting its Chains,
immediately becomes Volatile, and manifefts ic
felf with all the Properties and Qualities of a Vo-
latile Salt. The reafon is, becaufe the Volatile
Salt here afeending, is in a very great quantity,
and much more than the weight of the Oil * and
the Faces remaining (which are only a black Oily
Coal) weigh very much lefs than theSalt of Tartar
made ufe of. The Virtues, Ufes and Doles of this
Volatile Salt, prepared by either of thefe ways,
are fully and exaUly the fame, with Volatile Salt
extrafted from the Lees of Wine, at Seft. LIII.
aforegoing.

LX VIII. Liquor of Tartar. Take Calcin'd Tar-
tar, and Common Salt, of each a Pound -, fair W iter
2 Quarts -, mix , and digefi in a gentle Sand heat
for a Week, fiirring it every day -, ftrain, and add
thereto pure White Tartar in fine Pouder, a Pound:
digefi in a moderate Sand heat for a Month -, then
firain out thro ’ a Hippocras Bag, and afterwards
filter the fi rained out Liquor thro ’ a brown Paper ,
and keep it for ufe. Ic will gently purge the
Belly of Vifcousand Watery humors, being given
from one Spoonful to two, (more orlefs) in Broth,
Gruel, or Rhenifti Wine and Mead. It excellent-
ly opens all ObltruUions of Liver, Spleen, Mefen-
tery, Reins and Womb, provokes Urine, and clean-
fes the Urinary parts; isgood againft Melancholy,
the Scurvy, Dropfie, Jaundice, Gout, ObftruUi-
ons of the Terms, Vapors and Giddinefs of the
, Head, Green Sicknefs, & c.

7 S LXIX. Spirit

1 22 ^ Salmon .r Herbal Lib. I.

LX/X. S/w/r of Tartar Compound. Ex trad a
tine phite Salt oj Tartar from the Caput Mortu-
um, left after the Difdilling of the Spirit and Oil
of Tartar , at SeS. LVII. and LVIII. aforegoing,
icb'uth mix with the Jaid F/egm , Spirit and Oil :
digejt in Balneo, in a clofe V't’Jfel, till the Salt is
dtjjolved ^ then make balls thereof with dry Clay,
and diftil them by Retort , in a naked Fire-, and all
the Salt will come over with the Spirit and Oil ,
perfcHly united to the Spirit from which feparate
the Ext id Oil according to Art. It has all the Vir-
tues of the former Spirit ot Tartar (at Seft. LVII.
above,) exalted, and therefore is much more pow-
erful, but may be given in the fame Dofe, and
after the fame manner.

LXX- Diateffaron ; Punch , or a Mixture of
four things. Take choice Brandy , fair Water , of
each a Stuart ■ pure Lime Juice a Pint -, Double
Ref nd Sugar a Pound-, mix altogether, and f ir
the Mixture till the Sugar is all diffolved. For a
Conclufion to the Fruit of the Vine, or the Juice
of the Grape, we thought it fitting to add this
wonderful Reviving Cordial, this Charming Liquor
of Confolation, which gives relief to the Miferable,
removes Grief, chears the Sorrowful, elevates the
Deieffed, gives admirjble fatisfafluon to the
Difcontented, and a plenary Releafe to the Slave,
of what Kindled or Nation fo ever -, malting every
one feem happy to himfelf, who has the free
Liberty of drinking it plentifully, and oft as he
thinks it convenient, ft truly chears the Heart,
revives the Spirits, Itrengthens Llniverfal Nature,
and makes the Patient Pleafant and Sprightly, if
moderately taken. I know it to be a true Refto-
rative, and to have Cured fuch as have been in
deep Conlumptions, by drinking it every Day for
about ;, 6, or 7 Months together, half a Pint
every Morning faffing, eating with it a White
Ship Bisket, toafted, and foaked in the fame ;
half a Pint half an Hour before Dinner ; half a
Pint about 5 in the Afternoon, and half a Pint at
going to Bed. This Quantity may do well enough
tor Men, but the Female Sex, may (if they pleaie)
a little diminifh the Dofe, as their Reafon and
Experience fhall direct them.

CHAP. DCCXXV.

Of V I O L E T S
CARDEN and WILD.

l.'~T'HE Names. It is called in Arabick, Se-
.1 neffige , Sonofngi , and Bcnefefegi: in
Greek, Tsr: in Latine Viola, and inEnglilh Violet.

II. The Kinds. We have firft, ’‘Lv ntffVfS V,
Viola Purpurea Diofcoridis - vel (uaclp/cv,

Viola nigra TheophraJU -, Viola Hortenjis , and Vio-
la Alania, Viola purpurea , Garden or March Vio-
lets. 2. Viola Martia vcl purpura flore Multi-
plied Double March Violets. 3. Viola furrella
purpurea , Viola Arbor efeens Matthioli ■, Viola
fruticofa Gefneri -, Viola Elatior Clufij -, Viola
Alartia Cauliculis furre&is Lobelij -, Viola affur-
gens tricolor Dodoncei Violarum mater Lugdunen-
fis , Upright Wild Violet. 4. Viola Sy he fir is
vulgaris , Common Wild Violet. 5. Viola laciniato
folio , Viola Alontana laciniata Clufij , Viola lacini-
ato folio Caroliniana , The Wild Jagged Leav’d
Violet, or Wild Carolinian Violet.

T be Dcfcriptions.

III. The firft, or fingle Garden Violet, fpreads
its Root in the Ground both deep and wide , taking
firong hold thereof. Prom whence come forth ma-
ny Branches of round green Leaves , finely fnipt
or dented about the edges , growing upon feveral
j mall Footfialks , fet at divers places of the many
creeping Branches , which cm they run , do here and
there take Root in the Ground, bearing thereon
many Flowers, fever ally at the Joints with the
Leaves, which confifi of Jive final l Leaves , with a
fhort round Tail, heel or Spur behind, of a per

Violet Garden Purple.

fell blew purple color, and of a very fragrant fweet
Smell : After which, come forth round Seed Ve fi-
fe Is, fianding likewtfe upon their j. mall Footfialks,
in which is contained round white Seed : but thefe
Heads rife not from the footfialks on which the
blowers grew (as is ufual in all other Plants') but
apart by themf elves •, and being Sown, will produce
others like unto it felfi whereby there may be made
a more fpeedy increafe to Plant a Garden , than by
Slipping , as is the ufual manner. Of this kind,
there is a fort which bears white fingle $ lowers ,
not differing in Smell or any thing efe. And ano-
ther fort which bears a dead, or fad reddifh color'd
flower, with a weaker Smell, but in all other par-
ticulars alike.

IV. The fecond, or Double March Violet
There is no difference between this kind and the
former, but in the Duplicity of the flowers, which
have fo many Leaves fet and thrufi together, that
they are like unto hard Buttons. Of this Double
kind , there are both Purple and White, as in the
Single, but the White fort is feldom Jo thick and
Double as the Purple.

V. The third, or common Wild Violet. This
is altogether like the firft fingle Garden Violet, but
that its Leaves are fewer in number , fomewhal
thinner, and a little longer, or not fully fo round .
The blowers are alfo larger, and of a very pale
Purplifh blew color, near unto a Watcher, fame oj

which

Chap. 725. 'Englifh ‘Herbs . 1235

Violet Wild Common.

which have the Smell of the Garden Kind, but much
weaker and. fome of them have almojl no Smell
at all. Of this Wild kind , there is the Purple
fort , and the yellowifh white. I am apt to believe ,
that the Garden kind is only this Wild kind Tranf-
planted into Gardens , where having a better Soil to
grow in , it becomes more perfett in its Color and
Smell .

VI. The fourth, or Upright Wild Violet.
, its Root conjifts of Strings , which abide not ajter
rSeei time , but preferves its Species by Sewing it
fe If every Pear. It grows to be about a boot high or
more , with hard upright Stalks , which yet bend
down again their tops , having two Leaves fome-
what round , fet at each Joints but longer , and
snore dented about the edges than thofe of the Gar-
den kinds ■, at which Joints , with the Leaves on
both fides of the Stalks , comes forth a larger flow-
er, and more fpread open than it, being more like
a Hearts-eafe, or Panfey, but of a pale purplifh co-
lor, which as Matthiolus fays, is almojl as fweet
as the Garden Violet * but as Lobel fays, is with-
out any Smell at all. Ajter the flowers are paft,
follow the Seed Vejfels , ( which are longer than thofe
either of Violets or Hearts-eafe) in which is con-
tained as fmall Seed as that of Hearts-eafe, but
whitifh.

VII. The fifth, or Wild Jagged Violet, or Ca-
rolinian Violet. It has a fpreading fibrous Root,
and rifes up with Stalks about a foot or more high ,
but fo weak as that they can fcarcely keep them-
felves upright, but bend towards the Ground , un-
lefs they have fome Shrubs, Bujhes , or other matter
to lean againjt. There firft Spring from the Root
feveral Leaves, upon a pretty long footfialk, which
are long, and cut in on the edges on both fides , in-
to feveral Divifions , which fome will have to re-

femble the longer fort ofC rowfoot Leaves, other *
an Anemone Leaf but thofe which I Jaw a/id ga-
thered with my own Hands , roe re jagged, and fha-
ped more like a Vervain-Leaf, fating nfide the co-
lor. Between the fe Leaves rife up feveral fmall
St alks, with like Leaves, but lejfer upon them, which
grow lejfer and lejfer up to their tops, which have
flowers upon them , of a pale Purple color , very
like in form to our common Garden kinds, but not
fo deep (haded, but fome of them of a Vale Purple ,
and fome of a whit iff) yellow, and fwie of thefe
left with a little reddifhnefs towards the bottom of
their Leaves • fome of thefe flowers had a very
faint or Languid Smell of our common Garden Vi-
olets, and others had no Smell at all : The Stalks
bore alfo round Heads or Seed Vefjels, ( which con-
tained the Seed ) like to the Seed Vejfels ofV iolets.

^ VIII. The Places. The firft and fecond grow in
Gardens • rhe third Wild in Fields and Woods, un-
der Hedge Sides-, the fourth grows wild in warm
Climates, as Spain, Italy , Greece, Afia, Sic. but
with us in Gardens ; the fifth grows Wild in fe-
veral parts of America. I found it growing plen-
tifully in South Carolina , in the Woods not far
from Charles Town.

IX. T/tf Times. They all Flower in March,
and if the Seafon is mild, fometimes earlier. The
Double Violets Flower later than the Single , and
hold their Flowers longer ^ and fome of them
haY<? been obferved to Flower again in Autumn,
if the Weather be temperate and mild.

X. Obfcrvat. The Culture of the Single Gar-
den Violet, is what every body knows, which de-
lights itfelf in fhady places, and fuch as are lealt
expofed to the Sun. The Double Violet grows in
any fort of Ground, upon the edges of Borders in
Gardens, which when it blows, its Flower is very
agreeable to both Eye and Smell: To make it
thrive, it ought to be Re-planted every three
Years, and fo kept clear from Weeds, which is all
the trouble it requires.

XI. The Qualities. Garden Violets while frefh
and green, are cold and moift in the firft degree,
Aperitive, and gently Abfterfive, or opening the
Bowels by Purging.

XII. The Specification. Violets cool the heat
of Fevers, allay Inflamations in the Throat and
Lungs, are profitable in the beginning of a Quinfie
and Pleurifie, and are faid to help the Falling-
Sicknefs in Children.

XIII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1 . A Juice both of the Leaves and flowers.
2. An Infufion of the Flowers. 3. A Syrup of the
flowers. 4. APouder of the Leaves. 5;. APou-
der of the flowers. 6. A Pouder of the Seed.
7. A Cataplafm of the Leaves, as alfo of the flowers
of the White Violet. 8. A Julep. 9. Oil of
Violets.

The Virtues .

XIV. The Juices. 1. Of the. Leaves. It cools
any heat or diftemperature of the Body, whether
inward or outward -, abates Inflamations in the
Eyes, alfo in the Womb, and in the Fundament,
by being ufed as a Topick. And being drank to
2, 3, or 4 Ounces, it gently opens and purges the
Bowels, and is good againft Quinfies and Pleuri-
fies. 2. Juice of the flowers. It has the fame
Virtues, and is good againft the Pleurifie and
Obftruttions of the Lungs, hot and (harp Rheums,
hoarfnefs and wheezing.

7 S 2 XV. The

i2 26 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. I.

XV. T he Injufwn of the Flowers, frefh or dry.
It has all the former Virtues, but not full out fo
effeftual, and therefore may be drank to half a
Pint or more. Being made pleafant with the
Syrup of Violets , and fharp with a little Oil oj
Sulphur , it is an excellent Gargle for a fore Throat,
is profitable againft a Quinfie and Pleurifie, and
cures the molt malignant burning Fever.

XVI. The Syrup of the Flowers. Jt is made

i. With the Juice of the Flowers thus. Take
Juice of tWF lowers of Violets a Quart double re-
fined Sugar 4 Pounds , mix and melt in the heat of
a Bath without Boiling. It cools, moiltens, allays
the heat of Fevers, quenches Thirft, comforts the
Stomach, chears the Heart, and refills PutrefaUi-
on. Dofe from one to two Ounces, given to four
Ounces, it purges Choler admirably. 2. With an
Infufton in Water. Take frefh Flowers of Violets
a Pounds fair Water boiling hot a Quart flop them
clofc up in a Glafs Matrafs or Vefica for a day ,
then flrain out by prejjing -, in the [trained Liquor
two Pounds , diffolve of Double Refined Sugar, four
Pounds , by the heat of a Bath , and taking off the
Scum , make it into a Syrup without Boiling . It
has all the former Virtues, but lefs powerful, and
therefore may be given in double the quantity.
Either of thefe Syrups will be much more effectual
in hot, burning, malign and peftilential Fevers,
if they be made a little Acid (when given) with
fome few Drops of the Spirits or Oils of Sulphur
or Vitriol , by which they will be made of a Claret
Wine color, and of a fine tart Relifh, pleafingthe
Palate, and fo more potent in cooling all preter-
natural heats, and quenching Thirft, Dfc.

XVII. The Pouder of the Leaves. Taken to a
Dram in Veal Broth, or White Wine Mull’d, it
allays inward Inflamations, and purges the Body
of Cholerick Humors.

XVI II. The Pouder of the Purple Violet Flowers.
Given to a Dram as the former, it has the fame
Virtues and Effefls, but Purges not altogether fo
ttrongly : It is alfo faid to be good againft the
Quinfie, and the Falling Sicknefs in Children, efi
pecially in the beginning of the Difeafe.

XIX. The Pouder of the Seed. It is good a-
gainft the Stinging of Scorpions, is Peftoral, and
good againft Fevers, Quinfies, Pleurifies, and Epi-
lepsy $ heat and fealding of Urine, and all pains
in the Reins and Back, the Strangury, or Obftru&i-
ons of the Urinary parts. Dofe one Dram, in any
convenient Diuretick, and cooling Vehicle.

XX. The Cataplafm. It is made of the green
Leaves, being fryed with Yolks of Eggs. It being
uppiyecl, eafes pains, and difeuffes Swellings in
the Fundament, and in a fhort time is faid to cure
the Piles. Made with Oil of Rofes , it difeuffes
Tumors, abates Inflamations in any part, and eafes
pains of the Head cau fed thro’ want of Sleep.

XXI. Julepum Viol arum , Julep of Violets.
It is made of the Water or Infufton of Violet Flowers
and Sugar , a Pound of Double Refined Sugar to
two Quarts of the Water or Infufton. The Virtues
ate the fame with the Syrup, and may be ufed to
all tne fame purpofes and intentions.

XXII. Oleum Violaceum. Oil of Violets. Take
Purple Violet Flowers , which bruife in a Stone
Mortar with a wooden Peftle, 12 Ounces ~, OilOm-
phacine feveral times wafhed , 3 Pounds mix , and
expofe them in a Glafs dofe ft opt, to hot Sun for a
Week , fhaking them every day then boil them gent-
ly in a Bath , prefs them out , and put in frefh Flow-
ers, doing in like manner , which repeat a third
t ime , and keep the Oil upon three Pounds of Juice
of Violets , fhaking them together twice a day for a
Month at leaf. It is Cooling and Moiftning,

Opening and Anodyn, good againft Inflamations,
Phlegmons , burning Fevers, Heflicks, Frenfies,
and Atrophies it alfo eafes pains of the Bielt
and Lungs.

%

CHAP. DCCXXVl

Of VIOLETS Corn and Dames

1. r | ' H E Names. Tho’ thefe are properly no

JL Violets , nor in the leaft of kin to them,
yet fince Cuftom has obtain’d that they fhould be
fo called, we were obliged to rank them in order
of the Alphabet , and in this place where you now
find them. The firft I fuppofe was unknown to
the Ancient Greeks and Latines , and therefore we
have no Greek , nor Ancient Latine Name for
them. The firft is called in Latine , Viola arvenfis ,
Viola Segetum , Caryophillus Segetum -, in Englifb,
Corn Violet , or Venus Looking - Glafs , by Gerard
The fecond is called in Latine, Viola Matronalis ,
and in Englifh, Dames Violet.

II. The Kinds. Of the firft or Corn Violet,
there are two forts, viz. 1 . Viola arvenfis major
Dodonh , Viola pentagonia major Taber namontani ,
Viola Segetum major-, Onobrychis Tf Campanula
arvenfis Lugdunenfis , The greater Corn Violet.

2. Viola arvenfis minor , Viola Segetum minor ,
The leffer Corn Violet.

III. Of the fccond or Dames-Violet, we have
1. lief per is vulgaris , five Viola Matronalis com-
munis j Viola hy emails, Damafcena Cf Mufcha-
tella •, in Englifh , Common Single Flower’d
Dames Violets, Queens Gilliflower, and Winter-
Gilliflower. 2. Uefperis Pannonica , Viola Ma-
tronalis Pannonica Hungarian Danaes Violet.

3. Uefperis , five Viola Matronalis flore alb 0 pie no,
Viola alba Tragi , Perfica Hermolai , fuppofed to be
the Lucoium Fufcbij -, Viola Matronalis flore pleno
Dodonai W Lugdunenfis •, Viola Damafcena flore
pleno Lobelij Viola Hyberna five Hyemalis 5 Hcf-
peris flore pleno albo. White double Dames Vio-
lets. 4. Hefperis flore pleno Pur pur ante , Viola
Matronalis flore pleno Purpurante Double Purple
Dames Violets.

The Defcriptions.

Firft, Of the CORN-VIOLETS.

IV. The firft, or Viola Segetum major, Viola
pentagonia major, Speculum Veneris majus, The
Greater Corn Violet. Its Root is fmall. Fibrous
and Annual, which fends forth feveral flender ,
weak, trailing Stalks lying on the Ground, divided
and fubdivided from every Joint into Branches,
fo plentifully, that one Plant growing in a good.
Garden , would hardly be covered by a half Bufhel
Meafure : the Branches are thick Jet without or-
der, with fmall and fomewhat long Leaves ,
flight ly dented, or rather waved on the edges :
at every Leaf from the middle of the Stalk up-
wards, comes forth a Flower, of the bignefs of a
Two-Pence, Jo ( that five hundred Flowers almoft.
will be feen open at once, which is indeed a Noble

Sight-,)

Chap. 72 6 , Unglijb Herbs . 1237

Siipt\) fet in a fine pointed green Husk , of a
fair purplifh blew color , 0/ one whole Leaf

plaited into five round pointed ends , at the

Violet Corn Greater.

bottom, with a white Point el in the middle , chfing
up every Night , and opening in the Day time only j
W /’x /mail and yellow , contained in
J mall long Heads.

V. The fecond, or FwZ* Segetum minor ,

lum Generis minus , Codded or fmall Corn Violet,
//x Root is fmall and Annual , alfo not much unlike
the former, which fends up Stalks more upright,
like unto the little Centory, with fiiffer and fewer
Branches, more harfh or tough alfo in handling.
The Leaves are like unto the former, but fome-
thing lefs. At every Joint almoft, come forth two
or three Flowers, fianding at the ends of long Cods,
like unto Lyfimachia Siliquofa, of the fame fafhion
and color as the former, but fo fmall as the Eye of
a little Bird, never rifing above the Husk it Jiands
in j and not but in the heat of the day to be feen,
zohich then only lays it felf open. The Seed is fmall
and yellow alfo as the former.

VI. The Places. The firft grows in Corn-fields,
between Greenhith and Hartford in Kent ■, as alfo
in the Corn-fields about Lilly , a Town in the fur-
thermoft parts of Hartfordfhire, towards Bedford •,
and for its pleafant Afpeft, is alfo brought into,
and Planted in Gardens. The fecond is found
about Hatfield, in Hartfordfhire, and in feveral
other places of this Land. Parkinfon fays, it is
much more frequent than the other.

VII. The Times. They both Flower in June
and July, even to the end of Augufi, the Seed
ripening in the mean time.

Secondly, Of the D AME S-VIOLETS,

VIII. The firft, or Common Single Flower’d
Dames Violets. Its Root is wholly compofed of
Strings or Fibres, which abide many Tears , fending
up frejh Stalks every Tear, the Leaves abiding ail
the Winter. Its Leaves arc broader, greener, and
{harper pointed than the Stock Gilliftowers, and a
little indented about the edges. The Stalks grow
lobe about twoFect high , bearing many green Leaves
upon them , {mailer than thofe at the bottom, and
branched at the top, bearing many Flowers, in
fajhion much like to thofe of Stock-GilliHowcrs-,
confifting of four Leaves in like manner , but not

Violet Dames, Single Common.

fo large , of a faint purplifh color in fome, and in
others white, having a pretty fwcet Smell, ef pcci-
ally towards Night , ( whence came as is fuppofed. ,
the Name Hefperis,) but in the Day time little or
none all. After the Flowers are pafl, come fmall,
long, and round Pods , in which are contained two
rows of fmall and long black Seed.

IX. The fecond, or Hungarian Dames Violets.
Its Root is Fibrous, and its Leaves very like the
former, but fmoother and thicker, and not at all
cut in or indented about the edges. The Flowers
are like the former alfo, but of a dull pale color ,
turning themf elves , and feldom lying plain open,
having many Purple Veins and Streaks, running
thro 3 the Leaves of the Flowers , of little or no
Smell in the Day time, but of a very [meet Scent
in the Evening and Morning. The Seed is like
alfo, but a little browner.

X. The third, or Double White Dames Violets.
It grows not fo great in any part thereof , nor fo
high as the Single does , except in the Flowers ,

which

i2]8 Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. 1.

whjch being very thick oj Leaves, of a pure white
color , ond many Jianding in a Clufter , J'weeter alfo
than the Garden Single Kind, and longer abiding ,
caufcs it to be had in fome efieem. Its Leaves are
fame thing leffcr, and of a frcfher green color, little
or nothing fnipp'd about the edges , and more ten-
der -, but its branches are more plentiful, and more
eafie to be flift to be Planted again, than thofe of
the Single Kind, but gives no Seed, as many other
Double Flower'd Plants do in like manner . It is
alfo more tender to be kept in Winter time than the
Single Kind.

XI. The fourth, or Double Purple Dames
Violets. Thefe differ little or nothing from the
former, faving in the color of the Flowers, which
in this is of a fine pale Purplifh color, and not full
out fo double as they, nor Jo many elude ring to-
gether.

XII. The Places. They all grow in Gardens
for Ornament fake in a great meafure •, and the
two Double Kinds in many Gardens in the Welt
parts of England.

XIII. The Times. They all Flower in May,
June, and July chiefly •, and the White Double
abides longeft in Flower, if it grows not too much
in the Sun.

XIV. As to the Qualities, Specification, Prepa-
rations and Virtues of thefe Corn and Dames Vio-
lets, Authors are totally iilent ^ nor have we learn’d
any thing of them by Experience : yet we did not
think it fit that they fhould want a place in this
Our herbal, fince the molt General F/orifis , and
all Lovers of Flowers, for their Beauty fake, al-
low them a room ir« their Gardens.

• » \

CHAP. DCCXXVII.

Of V I P E Pv S Grafs.

1. rTA H E Names. It has no Arabic k nor Greek
A Names that we know of, nor any Ancient
Latin Name, being a Plant of modern Invention,
and therefore is called by our modern Phyficians,
Serpent aria, Viperaria , Viperina , (from its Virtues
in curing the Bitings of that Serpent) and Scor zo-
ne r a, (from the Spaniards, being equivalent to
Viperaria) and in Englifh VipersGrafs, and alfo
Scorzonera.

II. The Kinds. Authors make 7,8 or 9 kinds, but
molt of them being perfeft Strangers to us, and
not to be feen in England in Ages, we (hall only
difeourfe here of fuch as are Planted and Nurft
up in our Gardens, which are the four following,
viz. 1 . Scorzonera, feu Viperaria , Hifpanica ma-
jor, The Greater Spanifh Vipers Grafs. 2. Scor-
zonera minor Pannonica purpurea, Hungarian Pur-
ple Flower’d Vipers Grafs. 3. Scorzonera major
Pannonica latifolia. The Greater Hungarian broad
leav’d Vipers Grafs. 4. Scorzonera minima radice
tuberofa hifpanica. The fmalleil Spanilh Vipers
Grafs with a Tuberofe Root.

T he Defcriptions .

III. The firft, or Greater Spanifh Vipers Grafs.
It s Root is long, thick and round, brittle and black ,
with a certain roughnefs on the outfide, but very
white within, yielding when broken , a Milky Li-

quor, cu every other part of the Plant docs befides,
yet the Root more than any other part and withal,
it abides many Tears without decay. It has fever al
long Leaves, not broad, nor yet very narrow-, hard
and crumpled on the edges, and fometimes unevenly
indented or waved on the edges, of a blewifh green
color. From among which, rifes up one Stalk, and
no more for the mofi part, two Feet high, or there-
abouts, having here and there fome narrower long
Leaves thereon than thofe below. The top of the
Stalk branches it f elf forth into other parts , every
one bearing a long fcaly Head, from out of the top
whereof, rifes a fair , large , double Flower, of a
pale yellow color, much like to the Flower 0/ Yellow
Goats Beard, but a little lefs which being pafi,
the Seed comes, being long , whitifh and rough, in-
clofed in much Down, and among them many other
long fmooth Seeds, which are limber and fruit -
lefs, but are all carried away with the Wind.

IV. The fecond, or Purple Hungarian Vipers-
Grafs. Its Root is like the former, and it hat
long and narrow Leaves, of the fame blewifh green
color with the former. The Stalk rifes up to be
about a Foot and half high, with a Jew fuch like
Leaves, but fhorter thereon, fpreading out at the
top into 2 or 3 parts, bearing on each of them one
Flower fajbion’d like the former, and Jianding in
the like fcaly Knob or Head, but of a blewifh
purple color, and not fully fo large , which has
the fvoeeteft Smell of any of the Species, or Kinds
of Vi per 3- Grafs, not much inferior to the moji deli-
cate Perfume.

V. The third, or Greateft Hungarian broad
Leav’d Vipers- Grafs. Its Root is long and great.

Vipers Grafs^^^Flomed.
Sell. III. and IV.

Vipers Grafs Tuberofe Rooted, Seft. VI.

thruJUng

Chap. 727. ‘Englifb Herbs . 1 2 :] 9

thr ujiing it felf out into many Branches or Heads ,
from the upper part thereoj blackijh on the out-
fide , but white and pleafant within as the other ,
yielding Milk in every part of the fame , in like
manner alfo , abiding many Tears, and not perifhing
ajter Seed time , as the Goats Beards do, whereof
the Vipers Graffes are accounted as kinds. It is
very like to the firft Spanifh Kind, almoft in all
things , but the Leaves hereof are more in number,
which rife from the head oj the Root, and as broad
and as long as they, but not crumpled about the
edges, nor of that grayifh green color, but fmooth,
and of a dark or dead green color. It has two or
three Stalks rifing up among the Leaves, and Jome-
times but one, according as the Root has increafed
into feveral heads, having fame lejfcr Leaves up-
on them, andt& the top a fcaly, and fomewhat long
green head, from the middle whereof, grows the
like double yellow Flower, as in the Spanifh Kind,
and the like Seed alfo, lying in the like Downy
Subftancc -, neither of them to be well difeerned
the one from, the other, after they have grown any
time in the Garden together.

VI. The fourth, or fmaileft Spanifh Vipers-
Grafs with a Tuberofe Root. Its Root is as thick
as three Fingers or more, but fhorter than the other
Kinds, Tuberofe at the end, blackijh without , and
whitijh within, yielding but little Milk when it is
broken, but abides the Winter almoft as well as any
of the jormer. It has divers Leaves very fmall
and narrow, lying on the Ground , fame Roots gi-
ving fmooth Leaves, and others crumpled or wa-
ved about the edges. The Stalk or Stalks are very
fmall, fcarcely rifing half a Foot high, bearing a
long, Jmall, fcaly head, with a fmall and Jingle
pale yellow Flower, in which grow [mailer black
Seeds, and enclofed in far leffer Down than in
any of the others.

VII. The Places. The Native places of thefe
Plants, are declared in their Titles or Names, bur
now they are made Free Denizons of our Country,
and are found nurft up, and growing in many of
our Gardens.

VIII. The Times. They all Flower from the
beginning of May, and their Seed is ripe before
the end of June \ after which, the Stalks wither
and dye away, new Springing from the Root again
before Winter.

IX. The Qualities. They are temperate in re-
fpeft of heat or cold, drinefs or moifture ^ Cordial
or Cardiack, and Aiexipharmick, or refifters of
Poyfon.

X. The Specification. As they are Paid to
ftrengthen the Heart and Vital Spirits, fo alfo Mo-
nardus fays they are a Counter Poifon, and have been
found to cure the bitings of Vipers, or other like
Venomous Serpents.

XI. The Preparations. 1. The Boiled, Roafled,
or Baked Roots. 2. The Liquid Juice. 3. An
Ophthalmick. 4. A Condite or Preferve. 5. A
Di filled Water.

•<

The Virtues.

* XII. The Boiled, Roafted, or Baked Roots. They
arefweet in Tafte, almoft like aParfnep, and may
be eaten in the fame manner $ without doubt they
chear the Hearr, ftrengthen the Animal Spirits,
and reftore in Confumptions.

XIII. The Liquid Juice. According to Monar-
dus, it is a good Cordial and Counter-Poifon, and
does not only help, or cure the biting of the Viper,
but of any other Poifonous Creature * it is good

againft Burning and Contagious Fevers, and indu-
ces Sweating, thereby expelling thro’ the Pores.,
Peftilential Infection. It is good againft Paflions
and Tremblings of the Heart, Sadnefs, Melancholy,
and Swooning Fits. It opens ObftruCtions of Li-
ver, Spleen, Mefentery and Womb, provokes the
Courfes, is good againft Hyfterick Firs, and orher
Difaftefiions of the Womb, and prevails againft
the Head-ach, Vertigo, and other Difeaf'es of the
Head and Brain •, ftrengthening after an admirable
manner, the Animal and Vital Powers. This
Juice may be taken not only from the Roots, but
alfo from the Leaves and the whole Plant.

XIV. The Ophthalmick. Take of the Clarified
Juice a Pint, Clarified Honey twoOunces, mix and
diffolve. Dropped into the Eyes, it is good againft
Inflamadon and Blood-fhot, takes away Clouds,
Spots and Blemifhes in them, and heals them if
Sore or Ulcerated, ftrengthning the Sight withal.

XV. The Condi ted or Preferved Root. They
are pleafant to be eaten as a Sweet MeaL not in-
ferior to Eringo Roots, and may havin' fome
fmall meafure the Virtues of the Liquid juice.

XVI. The Di filled Water. Authors give it the
Virtues of the Liquid Juice , but I am confident it
is nothing near lo lfrong or effectual -, but they
give it againft hot, burning and malign Fevers, and
the IofeCtion of the Plague, and all fort': of Con-
tagious, Infeaious and Peftilential Diieales, Paint-
ings, Swoonings, and other Paflions of the Heart.

CHAP. DCCXXVIIlJ

Of the V I R G I N I A Creeper:

O R,

C L I M E R.

I.'T' HE Names. It is a Plant of Noval In-

X vention, being brought to us from Virginia,
and other parts of the Weft-Indies •, and therefore
has no Ancient Greek or Latin Name •, but it is
called in Latin by our Moderns, Vi tic Virginienfis,
or rather Hcdcra Virginiana, and in Englifh, the
Virginia Creeper, or Clime r.

II. The Kinds. Parkinfon makes two forts
hereof, viz. The Five Leav'd Creeper, and the
Three Leav*d Creeper. Mr. Rea, in -his Pomona ,
pag. 227. makes but one Species-, but for Satis-
faction fake, we will give you all that they have
both faid.

The Defcriptions.

* III. The firft, or Hedera Quinquefolia Virginiana,
Five Leav’d Creeper. Its Root fpreads here and
there under the Ground, not very deep : It is a
jlender Vine, Ivy, or Plant , tall and climbing,
and rifes out of the Earth with feveral Stems,
none much bigger than a Mans Thumb, but many
lefs. From whence Jhoot forth many long weak
Branches , not able to ftand-upright, unlcfs they
be fuftained yet Platited next lo a Wall or higB
Pales, Poles, Trees or the like , the Branches at
feveral diftances oj the Leaves , will Jhoot Jorth
fmall Jhort Tendrels, not twining them f elves a-
bout any thing, but ending in four, five, fix, or

more

1240 Salmon’ j Herbal. Lib. 1.

more /hurt, and fomethmg broad Claws, which will
flick 10, and fafien like a Hand wilh Ungers,
fo dole thereunto, that if pulled off, or jorc’d
away from the Wall, or thing it flicks to, it will
bring part of the Wall, Bricks, Stone, Board, or
other matter it is joined to, away with it : By
thcfe Claws it flays it Jeff, and fo fixes it felj ,
as to climb up to the lop of the kighefl Chimney oj
any Houle, or to the very top of the bigbejt Tree,
being Planted again ft them. The Leaves are crum-
pled, or rather folded together, at the firfl coming
forth, and very red, which alter in growing large,
and are very fair , large and green, divided into 4,
s, 6 or y Leaves, fl ending together upon a f mall
Bootftalk, fit without Order on the Branches ; at
the ends whereof , as alfo fometimes at other pla-
ces, come forth divers Jhort Tufts or Buds for
blowers ; but in our cold Climate, we fiercely ever
fee ‘hem open themfelves, to jhe w what manner of
Bower they would be, or what manner of Bruit
would follow them.

IV? The fecond, or Hedera Virgtmana Infolia,
The three Leav'd Creeper. The Roots of this Plant
do Jhoot under Ground, and fend forth young
woody Stalks, of which fome will ft and upright,
others lye down , and take Root again as they
fpread, as alfo in any Wall they 11 and nigh to, like
unto our Barren Ivy. The Leaves are broad and
large, three always fit together upon a long Boot-
flalk. At the Joints with the Leaves , come forth
pale Blowers, in a looje Tuft or duller, which turn
into pah ye/lom Berries, with / mall hard round
Afh color’d Seed, in a dry wrinkled Skin or Husk,
without any moifture at all in them. This Plant
yields a white Milk, without any Tafte, being bro-
ken in any part thereof, which after it has corn mu d
a while, will change to be at black as Ink, and
therefore held fit to color Hair , Leather, or any
other things.

V. Mr. Rea's lingular Defcription of the Virgi-
nia Ciimer, is this. Its Roots run on the top of
the Ground, and by cutting fame of them from the
Stock , and turning up the ends, new Plants may
be raffed. It rifes up wilh divers fmall Stems,
divided into many long weak Branches, which fet
again II a Wall, will fafien thereunto, with fmall
Claws like unto a BirdS-foot, and chmb to the top
of a ntll Chimney. 1 he Leaves at firfl are red and
crumpled, but afterwards fair and green, divi-
ded into 5, 6, or more Leaves, I landing together
■upon a fmall iooiflalk , fet without order. The
Bowers wilh us appear only in Bud, but never
are fien to open. . .

Vi. The Places. They grow in Virginia , and
other Cold parts of America, from whence they
have been Tranfplanted to us, with whom they
thrive well, being Planted in eur Gardens againlt
high Stone,' or Brick Walls, or the fides of very
high Houfes.

VII. The Times. The particular times of their
Flowering, our Authors have not Obfetved, but
it is in the Summer Months.

VIII. Nothing has been Obfetved as to their
Vitalities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues ,
and therefore we are Silent concerning of them ;
however, being a very Beautiful Ornament, we
thought not fit to over-pafs them.

CHAP. DCCXXIX.

Of V I R G I N I A Silk- Grafs.

I. np H E Names. It is a Plant of Noval In-

X vention, and therefore no Primary Greek
or Latin Names can be given for it, but only
fuch as have been alcribed to it by Modern Au-
thors, by whom it is called Perip/oca Virginiana ,
and in Englifh Virginia Silk, and Silk Greffs.

II. The Kinds. Mr. Rea gives us the Defcrip-
tion of but one "fort, but Parkinfon of two, viz.
1. Perip/oca reQa , vel major Vifjfbiiana, The
Greater Virginia Siik-Grafs. 2. Perip/oca Virgi-
niana minor , The Lelfer Virginia Silk - Grals.
Gerard will have it to be a kind of Afclepiar or
Swallow-wort, but then he might have called it
Affclepias Lallans, becaufe this is Milky, or has
a Milky Juice, whereas the true Afclepias has no
fuch thing. Alpinm de Plant. JEgypt. cap. 2;.
has a Plant called Beidelfar-, Honor im Belhts, in
Epift. 3. £? 4. to Clufius, has Offer Erutex ; and
Clufius in the fame Book another Plant.^ which he
calls Apocynum Syriacum, Paleflinum Co /Egypt ta-
cit m : Thefe, fome will have robe this Silk-Gra/s,
but this they cannot be ^ for either of them is a
Erutex or Shrub, whereas this is not, but loofes
its Leaves and Stalks, they dying down to the
Ground every Year. Again, the Milk of thofe
Plants is Cauftick, as Alpinm and Bellus fay,
whereas the Milk of our Virginia Silk-Grafs is
nor. Alfo the Cods of thofe of Alpinm, Bellus,
and Clufius , are nearly ftraight, whereas thofe of our
Silk-Grafs are crooked, almoft like Hooks, and
yet they grow perfettly upright.

T be Defcriptions.

III. Mr. Reds Defcription, which I take to be
of the Greater kind, is this. Virginian Silk is a
Plant more refpeHed for being a Stranger, than
for the Beauty of its Blowers 1 Its Root is big, long
and white, running far under Ground, andfpring-
ing up again in many places. It rifes up with one
or more round Stalk , almoft four Beet high , fit at
feveral Joints with two long, broad, veined, round
pointed green Leaves. At the top of the Stalk,
out of a Skinny Hofi, comes forth a great Tuft of
Blowers, to the number of thirty or forty , hang-
ing down on long B'oolflalks, each Blower confiftmg
of five fmall hollow Leaves, of a pale purplifh co-
lor, neither fair nor pleafant. After they are
paft, come long crooked Cods, flanding upright,
containing flat brown Seeds , wrapped within a
great deal of fine foft whitijh brown Silk. This
I take to be Parkinion’s Greater Virginia Silk.

IV. The fir ft, or Parkinfon’ s Greater Virginia
Silk-Grafs. Its Root is long and white, of the btg-
nefs of a Mans thumb, running under Ground ve-
ry jar, and {hooting up in divers places , the
Heads being fit full of fmall white Grumes or
Knots, yielding forth many Branches or Stalks, if
it llands any time in a place. It rifes up wilh one
or more ftrong and round Stalks, 3 or 4 Beet high,
on which are fit at the feveral Joints, two fair ,
long and broad Leaves, round pointed , with many
Veins therein, growing clofi to the Stem , without
any Bootftalk. At the tops of the Stalks, and fome-
times at the Joints with the Leaves, comes forth a

great

Chap. 729. Unglijh Herhs. 12^1

great Bujh of Mowers, out of a thin Skin , to the
number of 20, fometimes of 30 or 40, every one
upon a long boot ftalk, hanging down their Heads
for the moft part , efpecially thefe which are out-
wardmoft, each /landing within a Husk of green
Leaves turned to the Stalkward , like to the
Virginia Lyfimachia Flower, and each of them con -
fifing of five fmall Leaves , of a pale Purplifh
color on the upper fide , and of a pale yellowijh
Purple underneath , both fides of each Leaf being
as it were folded together , making them feem
hollow and pointed , with a few fhort Chives in
the middle : After which, come long and crooked
Cods, ft ending upright and jharp pointed, in
which are contained flat brownifh Seed , d'tfperfed-
ly lying within a great deal of fine [oft and
whitifh browA Silk , very like unto Cods, Seed,
and Silk of Afclepias or Swallow-wort, but that
the Cods are greater, more crooked, and harder al -
jo in the outward Shell. This fo Beautiful a Plant,
( as Parkinfon calls it ) even the whole Plant,
Leaves and Stalks being broken, yields a pale
Milk.

V. The fecond, or Periploca Virginians minor,
five Apocynum Virginianum minus, or leffer Vir-
ginia Silk-Grafs. This creeps not with its Roots
in the Ground, like the former, but from many
long fibres J. hoots forth a round brown Stalk about
half a Lard high, having at each Joint a pair
of long narrow Leaves, and at top fuch a large
Tuft of flowers at in the fir ft , but of a deeper
Purple color, which have a certain clamminefs on
them, that will detain Flies, or other light things
which happen to fall thereon ; after which, come
long andjirait Cods, (net Crooked like the Greater
fort) with fiat brown Seed lying therein, in a
white kind of Silk or Down, like unto Alclepias
or Swallow-wort : This yields a Milky Sap or
Juice like the other , which fome think to be dan-
gerous, the' Experience has declar'd no fuch
thing and therefore mud be left to a farther
Scrutiny, by Tryals hereafter to be made.

VI. The Places. They both are Natives of
Virginia , and other places of the Weft -Indies,
where they grow abundantly. They have been
often raifed by Seeds which have come from thence,
and altho’ the Stalks dye to the Ground every
Winter, yet the Root is of long continuance, and
will fend forth new at the Spring, efpecially if
the place where it grows be covered with Hoife-
Dung in the Winter, to defend it from the Frofts.

VII. The Times. They Flower in July , but
not every Year, and their Silk and Seeds are ripe
in Auguft, but it icaicely ever brings forth its Cods
with us, by reafon of the coldnefs of our Climate.

VIII. ’ Obfervat. Gerard fays, (of the larger
Species) that the Cods are fluffed full of a molt
pure Silk, of a Alining white color, among which
Silk is the Seed. Thefe Cods are not only full of
Silk but every Nerve or Sinew, wherewith the
Leaves are Ribbed, are likewife moft pure Silk;
as alfo the Peelings of the Stems, Stalks, or
Branches which come from them, even as Flax
or Hemp’ from their Stalks. ’Tis admirable to
think how God has Bleffed thofe Countries with
a Subftantial matter (which they daily tread under
Foot) by which they may be both well and Ho-
nourably Cloathed, and which is fufficient to
Apparel or Cloath many Kingdoms, if carefully
Manured and Manufaftured. But Parkinfon fays
concerning it, That he knows there is another
Plant growing in Virginia , called Stlk-Grajs,
which is much differing from this.

IX. As to its Qualities, Specification , Prepara-
tions and. Virtues , Authors have faid nothing, nor

do we fay any thing concerning the fame. The
Natives make Ropes and Cords of it, but nothing
elfe, being much ftronger than either Hemp or
Silk * but was it Manufactured as it might be, it
would make Super- fine Cloarhing of all forts, much
exceeding any thing made of Flax, Hemp, or Cot-
ton, and poffibly not much inferior (if any thing at
all) to what is made of the fineft and belt Silk.

VINE WHITE, fee Bryony, Chap. 89.

VINE WILD, fee Briony Black, Chap. 90.
VIOLET TOOTHED, fee Corallworr,CA 152.
VIPERS BUGLOSS, fee Buglofs Vipers, C/;. 95;,
VIRGINS BOWER, fee Ladies Bower, Ch. 4201

CHAP. DCCXXX.

Of W AK E-R OBIN;

Cncfyrv - Point.

L'T pHE Names. It is called in Arabick Jd-
-L rus and Sara, in Greek ’Afo* : and in Latine
Arum : fome call it Pes Vituli , from the Form of
its Leaf j and fome from the Figure of its Peftle,
in the middle of the Hofe, call it S ace r dot is Penis ,
and Can is Priapus : fome call it Dracontea minor ,
and Serpentaria minor •, but we in Englifii call it
IVake-Robin and Cuckow-Point, or Starch-Wort.

II. The Kinds. There are many Species of if,

but only two which arc frequent with us, viz*.
1. Arum vulgar e non Maculatum, Our common
Wake -Robin without Spots. 2. Arum vulgare
Maculatum, Our Common Spotted Wake -Robin.
Some will have Arifarum, or Friers-Cowle, to be
a kind of Wake-Robin , and call it Hooded Wake-
Robin, but of this wc have already treated in its
proper place. 0

The Defcriptions.

III. The firfl, or Common Wake-Robin without
Spots. Its Root is Tuberous, and about the big -
nefs of a Walnut Green and all, if it grows in
good Ground , is brown without , and. white within ,
very Succulent, with fome Fibrous additions to it.
If chewed between the Teeth , it ha* a vehement
Heat , and Burning fharpnefs with it, almofl be-
yond expreffion, fo that if a bit of it, not fo big tu
a fmall Bean, fhould be Chewed in the Mouth but
for a Minute, it would fo inflame the Mouth,
Tongue and Throat, that poffibly the Inflamation
would fcarcely be allayed in 48 Hours -, and I
have known fome who out of Wantonnefs, have
Chewed it, who have ( by reafon of its Violence )
been in danger of their Lives , nor in more than a
Weeks time could recover themfelves : And yet
this is manifejt by daily Experience, that the dryed
Root (tho3 it may be as hot as Pepper) is void of all
thefe Dangerous Accidents. Its Juice, or fine Pou-
der, has a very flrange Clamminefs in it, ftijfening
Linnen or any other thing on winch it is laid, no
lefs than Starch ■, and in former days, when the

7 T making

1242 Salmons HerlaL Lib. 1.

making oj our Ordinary Starch , which is made of
Wheat-flower, was not known, or in frequent ufe ,
the Roots hereof were ufed to Starch their Linnen ,
which would Jo Sting and Chap the Skin of the Ser-
vants Hands that itfed it , that they could fcarcely
get them fmoctb and whole, by the next time of
ufng again. It Jhoots forth ?, 4, or 5 heaves at
mojl from one Root , one of which is jomcthmg large

Wake - Robin not Spotted i
Or Greater.

and long, broad at the bottom next the Stalk , and
forked like unto a Wild Sorrel Leaf, but ending in
a Point , without Dent or Cut on the edges , of a
fad green color, each ft ending upon a thick round
Stalk, of an Hand Breadth or more. Among which,

( after they have been up two or three Months , and
begin to wither,) rifes up a bare Naked round whi-
tijh green Stalk, fomething /potted and ftraked
with Purple, like the Stalk of Dragons, which
grows fomewhat higher than the Leaves ; at the
top whereof (lands a long hollow Hofe or Husk,
dofie at the bottom , but open from the middle up-
wards, ending in a Point : In the middle of which
grows a J. mall long PefHe or Pointel, fmaller at
the bottom than at the top, of a dark Purplifh co-
lor, as the Hofe or Husk is on the infide, tho ’
green without •, which after it has fo remain'd for
fame time, the Hofe or Husk decays with its
Peftle, and the Foot or bottom thereof grows to
be a fmall long Bunch of Berries, green at the
frft, and each of them when they are ripe, of a
yellowijh red color, of the bignefs of a Hafle-
Nut Kernel , which abide thereon almoft till
Winter. In the time when this Plant bears its
Berries, its Root (which is Tuberous and fome-
what long, not growing down right, but for the
mod part lying along ; its Leaves J. hooting forth
at its bigger end,) is fomewhat fhrivellei and '

loefe, another bang grown under it which is Jolid
and firm, with many Fibres or JnusH Threads
hanging thereto, which in the beginning of the
Tear, when the Leaves begin to Jj-ring, being bro-
ken, yields a Milky Sap or Juice, which is violently
hot and biting. The whole Plant has the fame
Jharp and biting Tafte, vehemently pricking , burn-

Wake -Robin not Spotted ;
Or Greater.

Wake-Robin Spotted, or leffer.

IV. The

Chap. 730. ‘EngUJb Herbs,

IV. The fecond, or Spotted Wake-Robin. This
in its Root , Stalks , Leaves , CW, Fr/z/7 and manner
of growing , differs nothing from the former , /z-

that both Roots and Leaves are more violently
Jharp and biting and that the Leaves hereof are
fomewhat harder in feeling , J, harper pointed , and
have fome blackifh Spots thereon , /;'/& Spotted
Arl'mart, which for the moff part , tfWf z'zz //;£
Simmer longer green than thofe oj the firft do.

V. The Places. They grow frequently in many
parts of England , in Woods, and near unto Ditch-
es, and by Ditch-fides under Hedges, in fhadowy
places.

VI. The Times. The Leaves appear prefently
after Winter, early in the Spring, and continue
but to the middle of Summer, or fome fmall time
longer. The Peftlc Ihews it felf out of its Hofe
or Husk in June, appearing before the Leaves fall
away, whilft they are yet in Withering ^ and when
they are gone, the Bunch or Clutter of Berries,
viz. its Fruit, becomes ripe towards the end of
July, or in Augufl.

VII. The $ utilities . It is hot and dry in the
fourth degree, Aperitive, Abfterfive, Diuretick and
Digeltive, Peftoral, Cardiack and Hyfterick, Anti-
althmatick, Emmenagogick, and Alexipharmick.

VIII. The Specification. It is prevalent again!!
Afthma’s, Coughs, Colds, Obltruftions of Lungs,
Liver, Spleen, Mefentery, Reins and Womb, pro-
vokes the Terms and After-birth, is good againit
Difury and Strangury, gives eafe in the Piles, and
is a potent remedy againit the Plague or Peltilence,
and Poifon.

IX. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. The Green Leaves. 2. A Juice oj Herb
or Berries. 3. A Juice of the Root. 4. A De-
coUion in Water. ■>. A Milk. 6. A Pouder of
Roots, Berries or Leaves. 7. An Oil. 8. A Ca-
taplafm. 9. A DiJUlled Water. 10. The Fcecula
or Starch.

The Virtues.

X. The Green Leaves. Being bruifed and laid
upon any place pained with Sciatica or Gout, it
draws out the Morbifick matter, and eafes the
pain : And applyed to the Bitings of Mad Dogs,
Vipers, or Plague Sores, it draws out the Poifon
and Malignity , and fecures the Patient from
Danger.

XI. The Juice of the Herb or Berries. Taken
to the quantity of a Spoonful in any fit Vehicle,
it prevails again!! both Poifon and Plague • and if
a little Vinegar or Juice of Limons be added to it,
it fomewhat allays the !harp biting Tafte thereof :
The Juice of the Berries given in White Wine,
provokes the Terms in Women, provokes Urine’
and prevails again!! Difury and Strangury, brings
away the After-birth, and cleanfes effectually after
Child bearing ^ and taken with Sheeps Milk, it heals
inward Ulcers of the Bowels.

XII. The Juice of the Root. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Juice of the Herb, but is much Itronger,
and therefore mult be given with Caution ; mixt
with fome other proper Vehicle, it cleanfes all
manner of rotten filthy Ulcers in what part of the
Body foever, and heals the Itinking Ulcers in the
Noftrils, called Ozena and the Polipus.

XI II. 'Che De coll ion of the Herb, Root or Berries,
in Water. It has all the Virtues of the Juices, but
very much faler,# and may be given to half a Pint
at a time. Dropt into the Eyes, it cleanfes them
from any Film or Skin, Clouds, Mills, or other
things which obfufcate the Sight * is good again!!
an Ophthalmia, helps their watering and rednefs,
and when bv chance they become black and blew.

XIV. 1 he Alt Ik. It is made by boiling the Root

therein : K has all the Virtues of Juice and De-
cottion, and is good to heal internal Ulcers: Dole
3 or 4 Spoonluls or more.

XV. 1 he Pouder of Roots , Bernes or Leaves.
Taken to a Dram, it is a moll prefent and certain
Remedy againit the Plague, Poifon, and the bitings
of Serpents or Mad Dogs : The fame taken mixed
with Clarified Honey , or Sugar, (in form of an
Elettuary) is admirably good again!! Afthma’s,
Coughs, Colds, Hoarfenefs, Wheezing, andfhorr-
nefsofBreath : It isStomatick, expels Wind, Li
gefts, and Abllerges the Stomach, Lungs, and
other Bowels, from tough Salt Flegm ■ and has ail
the other Virtues of both Juices and DecoClion : Ir
provokes Urine and the Terms, and admirably
cleanfes after Delivery.

XVI. The Oil of Roots, Bernes, or Leaves.
Anointed on pained places it gives eafe, and is good
again!! the Palfie : Dropt into the Ears, it eafes
their pain, and helps again!! Deafnefs ; gives eafe
alfo in the Piles or Hemorrhoids, and is profitable
again!! the Falling down of the Fundament.

XVII. The Cataplafm. The Root mixed with
Bean-blower into a Pultife , and applyed to the
Throat or Jaws which are Inflamed, helps them.
The Roots or Berries made into a Pultife with Ox-
Dung, and applyed, gives eafe in the pains of the
Sciatica and Gout.

XVIII. The DiJUlled Water of Roots or Leaver,
or both. It is good for all the purpofesaforefaid.
An Ounce or more taken at a time, is faid to cure
Ruptures, and to prevail againit the Itch. If the
frelh Roots are bruifed, and diftilled with Milk,
they yield a moll excellent Water to cleanfe the
Skin from Scurff, Morphew, Freckles, Spots, or
any other Defilements whatfoever.

XIX. The Fcecula or Starch. It is made i. Of
the Pouder of the Dryed Root. 2. Prom the Green
Root , as you make the Foecula of Briony Roots. Be-
fides its ufe for Starching of Linnen, it has all the
former Virtues of the Pouder, and may be given to
a Dram in any proper Vehicle.

XX. A Caution. By reafon of the Vehemency
of the Green Root, its Juice ought to be ufed very
cautioufiy, and only to be adminiftred by a Wife
Hand. The P ouder is an hundred times more fafe.

CHAP. DCCXXXI.

Of WALL-FLO WERS

Single and Double.

I- T-* H E Names. This Plant is called by the

X Arabians . Keiri , or Cheiri ; in Greek,
Mmtn k&xmSu : in Latin, Leucoium Luteum s and
in Englilh Wallflower.

II. The Kinds. There are two fpecial forts of
Wall-Flowers, viz. 1. The Single Kind. 2. The
Double flowered. Of the Single Kind, we have,
1. Keiri , five, Leucoium luteum fimplex vulgare
Out Common Single Wall-Flower. 2. Keiri, five’
Leucoium luteum fimplex majus , The Great Single’
Wall-Flower. 3. Keiri fimplex flore a/bo. The
White Single Wall-Flower.

III. Of the Double Kind, we have, i. Keiri,
five Leucoium Luteum flore pleno vulgare. Our
Common Double Wall -Flower. 2. Keiri five,
Leucoium Luteum flore pleno alterum. Pale
Double Wall -Flower. 3. Keiri, five, Leucoium
Luteum majus flore pleno ferrugineo. The Double

7 T 2 red-

*

k

1244 Salmon s 'Herbal. Lab. I.

I'edddifh yellow Wall-Flower. 4.- Keiri , five Leu-
coium Luteum jlGre pleno maximum , The Greateft
Double Yellow Wall-Flower.

The Descriptions.

IV. The firft, or our Common Single Wall-
Flower. Its Root is white , hard, and fibrous , has
fever al jmall ', narrow , Awg, and dark green Leaves,
Jet without order, upon round, whitifh woody Stalks,

Wall-Flower Single, Common.

•Jiicb bear at the tops many Single yellow F lowers
one above another , each of them having four
Leaves apiece , anti a very facet Smell : After
which, come long Pods, containing reidijh Seed.

V. The fecond, or Great Single Wall-Flower.
Its Root is like the former, and will perijh 14
Winter, if not defended from hard ProJls. It's
Leaves as well <11 flowers , are much larger than
the former. I he Leaves are of a darker, and
of a Jhining green color, and the flowers of a
very deep Gold yellow color , and commonly as
broad at a Half-Crown piece of Silver. The
Spike or top of flowers is alfo much longer, and
it abides much longer in flowering, and is much
jweeler in its Scent or Smell. The Pods for
Seed are thicker and Ihorter, with a fmall point
at the end. This Plant is flower in Spreading
it fetf out into Branches , and more tender to be
preferved , and is increafed by Planting Us Branch-
es, being flipt off.

VI. The third, or White Single Wall -Flower.
It hat a Root like the former, and its Leaves are
as green as the Great kind, but nothing Jo large.
The flowers ft and at the top , but not in fo long a
Spike, but rather in a Tuft, and each flower is
compofed of 4 Leaves, of a white color, not much
larger than the Common Kind, but of a weaker
Smell. The Pods are not fo great as tbofe of the
former greater one. This is more eafie to be pro-
pagated or increafed, but requires fome care in
defending it from the Cold oj Winter.

Wall-Flower Single, Great.

Belonging to SECT. V.

Wall-Flower Double Common.

Chap. 731, TLngfoJh Herbs .

I ■">

Single Kind, faving that the Leaves hereof are
not of fo deep a green color. The Flowers ft and
at the top of the Stalks, one above another , as it
zeere a long Spike , which Flower by degrees , the
loweft Jirft , and fo upwards , by which means
tt is a long time in Flowering , /fo Flowers be-
ing very Double , 0/* a Gold yellow color , and
very fweet.

VIII. The fecond, or Pale Double Wall-Flower.
The Flowers in this ftand not Spike Fafhion as
the former , but more open fpread , 0/7^ fo all
of them blow open almoft at one time , and not
by degrees as the others do. They are of a pa-
ler yellow color , and differ in nothing elfe , Sa-
ving that the green Leaves hereof are alfo of a
paler green.

IX. The third, or Double reddifh yellow Wall-
Flower. Its Leaves are as green , and almoft as
large as the Great Single Yellow kind, or full as
big as the Leaves of the White Wall -Flower.
The Flowers are not much larger than the ordi-
nary., but are of a darker yellow color than the
Great Single kind, and of a more brownift) or red
color on the under fide of the Leaves , being as it
were Jlriped.

X. The Fourth, or Greateft Double yellow Wall-
Flower. Its Leaves are as green and as large ,
if not larger than thofe of the Great Single kind .
The Flowers are alfo of the fame deep Gold yel-
low color , but much larger than any of the former
Double kinds , and as fweet in fuelling to , as
any of them.

X I. The Places. The firft grows upon old Scone
and Brick-Walls, and fides of very old Stone-Build-
ings, in many places through the whole Kingdom *
but has of late been brought into, and Planted in
Gardens, where the other fix kinds are alfo kept
and Nurft up.

XII. The Times. All the Single Kinds do Flow-
er often in the end of Autumn , and if the Winter
is mild, all the Winter long-, but efpecially in the
Months of February , March and April, even till
the heat of the Spring flops them. The Double
Kinds Flower fometimes very early, and fometimes
very late in the Year, but do not continue Flow-
ering in that manner the Year throughout.

OBSERVATIONS.

XIII. ~\. As to the Single Flowers. Their Seed
Ihould be Sown in September , in the Earth juft as
you find it, without any previous Preparation * for
it is the Nature of this Flower to grow upon
Walls, and even amongft Rubbilh.

XIV. 2. When they are Cultivated, more Care
is to be taken of them, that they may ferve as
Ornaments in a Garden, for Borders of Beds and
Plats, where they look very agreeably.

XV. 3. Having managed them as you do Flow-
ers for Tranfplantation, as foon as you think them
ftiong enough to change their places, put them in
one that agrees with them, and Water them daily,
to facilitate their taking Root.

XVI. 4. Re alfo very mindful to clear them of
Weeds ; for this, as well as the Double Flower ,
being Vivacious Plants, they will then grow to
your latisfaclion ; the reft of their Culture is to be
done as in the Double Flower.

XVII. 5. Of the Double Flower you muft be more
Careful • and it is to be multipiyed by Layers, or
by Slips : If by Layers, chufe the belt, and lay
them in the Earth ^ and that they may not rife
too fall, drive a Hook down upon them , and let

45

the Earth upon your Layers, be of the fame
Ground in which they are laid.

XVIII. 6. Then Water them daily, that they
may the better take Root, and Iboner fallen them-
felves in the Earth, and let them be laid as foon as
they have loft their Flowers, vis. in the end of
Mjy, or beginning of June ; and leave them till
September or OSobcr, at which time take them up,
and put them either in Open Ground, or in Pots.

XIX. 7. If you place them in Borders of
Plots, iSc. the Garden Earth will do well enough ;
but if in Pots, take two thirds of Sifted Kitchen.
Garden Earth, and one third ofMould, with which
(being mixed) fill your Pots, putting your Layers
into it according to Art.

XX. 8. And fince thele Flowers are apt to be
injured by Cold, you muft Houfe your Pots in
time, left the Earth Ihould Freeze and break your
Pots, and fo hurt your Plants : But as for thofein
the Open Grounds, you have no farther care to
take of them, for they will always bear the
Weather.

XXI. 9. If you multiply them by Slips, let
them not be kept dry, that they may be Nourilhed
fo as ro extend their Fibrous Roots round about to
attraQ: the noutilhing Sap, or Juice of the Earth.

XXII. 10. Let your Slips be well chofen, and
put into Pots or Pans filled with Sifted Garden-
Earth, with fome Mould thinly fpread upon it, in-
to which fet your Slips half their length ; put the
Earth gently down upon them with your hand, to
help to fallen them the fooner; Water them, and
put them in a fhady place till they begin to fpting,
after which, remove them into the Sun.

XXIII. 11. Let them be Planted at the fame
time you do the Layers, and when they have taken
good Root, let them be Tranlplanted into the pla-
ces you defign for them, not forgetting to Water
and Weed them, as often as occafion requires it.

XXIV. T be Qualities. They are hot and dry
in the firft degree, Abfterfive, Refolutive, Vulne-
rary, of thin parts, Neurotick, Hyltenck, and Em-
menagogick.

XXV. The Specification. They heal Wounds,
provoke the Terms, expel the Dead Child, and are
good againft Agues, Apoplexies and Palfies.

XXVI. The Preparations. 1. A Juice from
the Heads of flowers. 2. A DecoSion of the Heads
of f lowers in Wine. 3. a! Decoffion of the Roots
in Vinegar. 4. A Gargarifm. An Ophthalmick.
6. A Pouder of the Seed. 7. Oleum Cheirinum,
five Keirinum, Oil of the flowers. 8. A Bath to
Sit in. 9. A Cataplafm. 10. A Dijlilled Water.
II. A Confervc of the flowers.

The Virtues.

XXVII. The Juice from the Heads of the flow-
ers. It provokes the Terms in Women, expels
the Dead Child, and forces away the After-birth ;
opens Obftruffions of Liver, Spleen and Reins ;
cleanfes the Stomach, Bowels and Womb, and is
good againft Vapors, Paralytick and Apopleftick
Fits. Dofe 5 or 4 Spoonfuls in Wine, or the Di-
Jlil/ed Water, or other fit Vehicle; mixt with
Spirit of Wine, it cleanfes Wounds and Ulcers,
and heals them.

XXVIII. The Decollion of the Heads of flowers
in Wine. If it is made ftrong, it has all the for-
mer Virtues of the Juice, and therefore ought nor
to be taken of Women with Child, fot fear of
caufing Mifcarriage. Dofe half a Pint at a time.
It ftrengthens the whole Body, or any Member of it

grown

1246 Salmons Herbal. Lib. 1.

grown loofe and weak, by reafon of Paralytick and
ConvulfiveDiftempers.

XXIX. The DecoUion of the Roots in Vinegar.
Being taken inwardly in the Dijiilled Water , and
alfo outwardly applyed, it foftens the hardnefs of
the Liver, Spleen, Mefentery and Womb.

XXX. The Gargarifm. Take of the Juice 6
Ounces , of the Dijhl/ed Water 3 Ounces , Roch-
Alum 7, Drams •, Spirit of Wine an Ounce and half •
Honey 2 Ounces •, mix and dijfolve. It cleanfes and
heals Ulcers and Sores of the Mouth, Gums and
Throat, and other parts of the Body, the parts be-
ing daily Gargariz’d or wafht therewith warm.

XXXI. The Ophthalmick. Take of the Juice 4
Ounces ; Spirit of Wine or Brandy , 2 Ounces } Ho-
ney an Ounce and half ^ firong TinUure of Aloes
Succotrina, half an Ounce -, mix and dijfolve.
Dropt into the Eyes it cleanfes them from Clouds,
Mifts, and other things which obfulcate the Sight j
heals Sores and Ulcers in the Eyes, ftrengthens
them, and flops a Flux of Rheum falling into
them.

XXXII. The Pouder of the Seed. It may be
given to a Dram in any proper Vehicle. It has all
the Virtues of the Juice and DecoUion, and may be
ufed Morning and Night, as long as need requires.
It has been given with Succefs again It the Rickets
in Children.

XXXIII. The Oil of the F lowers. It is Dif-
cufiive and Anodyn, gives eafe in pains of the
Breft, Reins, Joints, Nerves, Cfc. and is a very
good thing againft the Gout.

XXXIV. The Bath. It is made of the whole
Plant when in Flower, boil’d in fair Water with a
proportional quantity of Genoa Soap. It is good
for Women to Sit in, who have a ftoppageof their
Courfes, or are not well cleanfed after Delivery,
becaufe it induces the Terms, and cleanfes the
Womb of putrid Recrements.

XXXV. The Cataplafm. It is made of the Heads
of Flowers beaten in a Mortar , adding fome Salt.
Bound hard no the Wrifts, it is ufed as a Remedy
to cure Agues. But if made by boiling the fame in
Vinegar , with the addition of Barley Flower , and
then applyed warm to places pained with the Gout,
it gives eafe in the pain, difeufles the Tumor,
cures the Difeafe, and admirably ftrengthens the
part.

XXXVI. The Diftilled Water from the Heads
of Flowers. It has the Virtues of the Juice and
DecoUion, but nothing near fo efficacious : mixt
with a quarter part of Spirit of Wine , and dulcified
with white Sugar , it is faid to cleanfe the Blood,
comfort the inward part, eafe pain, and caufe
Chearfulnefs.

XXXVII. The Conferve of the Flowers. It is
given to the quantity of a large Chefnut or Wall-
nut, Morning, Noon and Night, againft Convul-
five and Paralytick Diftempers, and Weakneffes of
the Mefentery, Womb, and other Bowels.

WALL- PENNY-' WORT, fee Navel-wort, Ch.

WALL-RUF, fee Maiden-Hair White, Chap.

WART-TURNSOLE, fee Turnfole, Chap. 717.

(Sell 5.

WART-WORT, fee Succory Baftard, Chap. 674.

The Cutt of the following Plant was over-
lookt in that its proper place , and therefore
we thought good to place it here , rather
than to leave it out.

Succory Wartwort.

Belonging to C H A P. 674. S E C T. 8.

CHAP. DCCXXXIL

O/WHEAT, Buc\ and Cow.

I. /“Tp H E Names. The firft of thefe is general-
J. ly taken to be the ’Egdanov Theophrafti ,
which Gaza Tranflates Trionum j but fome put a
difference between this Eryfimum and the other,
calling this Eryfimum Cereale. It is alfo called in
Greek by fome in Latin Fagotriticum ,

and by Matthiolus and Lugdunsnfis , Frumentum
Sarafenicum : Dodonaus calls it Fegopyrum , Trago -
pyrum and Tragotriticum : Tragus calls it Ocymum
Veter urn ^ but Clufius and Taberntemontanus , Ocy-
mum Cereale -, and in Englifh Buck-Wheat.

II. The Kinds. This Plant is Singular is fui
Generis , and therefore not being manifold, can
admit but of one Denomination.

T he Defcriptions.

III. The Root of Buck -Wheat is fmall and
thready, and rifes up with feveral round , hollow ,
brittle , reddifh Stalks , a fard or more high , fet
with divers Leaves , each by it felf on a Foot-
jialk , which is broad and round , and biforked at
the bottom , fmall and pointed at the end , fome-
i what refembling an Ivy -Leaf, but f of ter in hand-
! ling. At the tops of the Stalks come forth feveral
i CluJIers of fmall White Flowers , which turn in-
| to fmall Triangular blackifh Seed , ( ferving to
1 the fame ufe of other Eatable Grains ) not much

unlike

Chap. 7

Herbs,

12

unlike to a Beach-Nut, but very much lejjer, winch
contains a white Pulp within.

IV. Gerard deferibes it after this manner. Its
Root is fmall and thready , which fends up a round
fat Stalky fomewhat crejfed, fmooth and reddifh ,

Wheat Buck.

Wheat Buck.

or not much unlike to Ba/il, (whence Tabernaraorr
tanuslr Name of Ocymum Cereale.) The Flowers
are Jmall, , whit e, and dufler'd together in one or
Jtwre Tufts or Umbels , flight ly dajht over here
and there with a tight Carnation color. The Seed
is of a dark blackifb color , and Triangular , like
the Seed of Black Bindweed, which is ufed ( in
places where it grows plentifully ) in times of Scar-
city to make Bread of or to be mixed with other
Corn for that purpofe.

V. The Places. It is thought to be firft brought
out of Africa , but now is generally Sown in molt
of our Northern Countries , where for the Ufeand
Profit is made of it, whole Fields are Sown there-
with. It prolpers well in any Ground, be it never
fo dry or barren, and is many times Sown, to ferve
as it were inltead of a Dunging. It quickly comes
up, and is foon ripe, and is very common about
Namptwich in Cheflnre , where they Sow it as well
for Food for their Cartel and Poultry, as for the
ule of making Bread aforeiaid. It grows likewile
in LancaJhire } and in lome of the Southern parts
of England , in EJfex, Kent and Middlefex.

. VI. The Times. It is Sown in April, and be-
ginning of May , and will be ripe in Augufl fol-
lowing.

VII. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the firft
degree, Abfterfive and Nutritive, but Nourifhes
lefs than Wheat, Rye, Oats or Barley •, but more
than Millet or Panick : And Bread which is made

v the Meal thereof, is eafie of Digeftion, and
foon paffes through the Stomach and Belly j for
which reafon, it becomes very cleanfing to the
Bowels.

VIII. The Specification. It keeps the Body
open, and prevents the growing too Flelhy or Fat,
but is a little Flatulent or Windy.

IX. The Preparations. The Meal of it for
Mans ufe, is by the Country People in Germany ,
Italy, and fome other places, made into Bread,
Cakes, Puddings and the like, which are pleafant
enough to eat.

The Virtues,

X. Bread, Cakes , Puddings , 8cc. made hereof,
make thofe People very Strong, and able for La*
bour, who daily feed on them. The Pultage there-
of provokes Urine, increafes Milk, loofens the
Belly j and being eaten mixt with Wine ( as you
do Flummery ,) it is good againft Melancholy.
The whole Grain, as alfo the Meal, is ufed gene-
rally to Fatten Cattel and Poultry of all forts ^ and
it is obferved, that they are quickly made Fat
therewith •, and fo Fat, that if they be not Kill’d
in a fhort time after, they will Dye of themfelves,
being Suffocated therewith.

Of COW-WHEAT.

XI. The Names. It is called in Greek k^t cut-

y>vet 1 and (Triticum nigrum ) fee The-

°phr aflus, lib. 8. cap. $ and DioJ corides, lib. 4,
cap- 17. in Latin Triticum V ucinum, vel Bovinum :
Crat£ogonum Lobelij : Melampyrum Camerarij , Ban-
hin 'iU Thalij : Milium Sylvaticum Tragi -, and in
Fuglifli Cow-Wheat.

XII. The Kinds . There are many kinds of this
Plant, but moft of them are abfolutely Strangers
with us, fo that we fhall only take notice of two
the moft common, viz. 1, Or at eogonum vulgar e Lo-
belij

1248 Salmon’ j Herbal. Lib. 1.

belij ■, Satureia lutea Dalechampij ■, Milium Sylva -
tic urn Taber memont am -, Melampyrurn Baubini if
Thalij -, Our Common Cow-Wheat. 2 . Cr at aogo-
num Blore vario -, Melampyrurn Camerarij •, Triti-
cum Vaccinum Dodonai , Lugduncnfis & Tragi -,
Melampyrurn Caruleum Gerardi , Party colored, or
Blew Cow* Wheat.

77;e D efcriptions.

XIII. The firft, or our Common Cow-Wheat,
has a Root compofed of /mail Threads, which fends
■up an Hairy Jquare Stalk , branched almofi from
the bottom , half a Tard high or more, very weak
and /lender , and fuflained by the Bufhes among
which it grows, having two long and narrow Leaves
fet at each Joint , broadeft next to the Stalk, a
little dented fomctimes about the edges, and pretty
fharp pointed at the end, fomewhat rough alfo on
the under fide, if it be drawn downwards. The

Wheat Cow.

tops of the Stalks and Branches are fet with Tufts
of Leaves and Blowers together, which being grown,
are feparated, two blowers only flan ding at a Joint,
with the like Leaves fet with them, but fhorter
and fmaller. The Blowers are long , round and
hollow, gaping open at the end, almof like thofe
of a Dead Nettle, and fand all looking one way,
of a pale yellow color and white together, but
grow yellower in time •, yet in fome of a blewifh
or purplifh color , either deeper or paler, each
ft an ding in a fmall green Husk , wherein after-
wards, grow round Cups or Veffels, containing
brownifh Seed, net much unlike to Wheat-

XIV. The fecond, or Party-colored, or Blew

Cow- Wheat. This grows like the former , but the
Stalk is more reddijh , and fo ard\ the Leaves
alfo, and more finely dented upwards , where the
Spikes or Tufts of Blowers, are in fome of a
reddijh or blufb color before they fpread open,
and then fhew the Blowers to be of a yellowifh
Bur pie, fomctimes about the Mouth or Gaping
place, arid the other parts of a Burplifh red:
but in fome others they are Blew, or of a Bur-
plifh Blew. »

XV. The Blaces. They grow among Bufhes,
Brakes and the like, upon Barren Heaths, as at
Hampftead near London -, alfo in Fertil Failures,
Bufhy Copfes, and low Woods, and fuch like pla-
ces in many parts of this Land. But the firft of
them Gerard fays, grows upon Hampftead Heath,
among the Jumper Bufhes and Bilberry Bufhes, in
all parts of the faid Heath, and in every part of
England he found it where he Travelled.

XVI. The Times. They Flower from the be-
ginning of May, thro’ June and July, and their
Seed ripens in July and Auguft.

XVII. The Qualities. They, viz. the Grains,
are hot and dry in the firft or fecond degree, of
thin and fubtil parts, and abound with a great

uantity of Volatile Salt. They are Hyfterick,
permatogenetick, and excite to Venery.

T he Virtues.

XVIII. Authors have faid little or nothing of
their Virtues, but fome fmall matter of their Vi-
ces, as that the Seed being taken inwardly, will
affeft theHead and Brain, as Darnel will, troubling
them, and caufmg a kind of Drunkennels, Vertigo,
or Giddinefs. The Seed in fine Ponder, being gi-
ven to half a Dram or more, for fome fpace of
time, in ftrong Broth or Wine, is faid to provoke
Lull.

XIX. As Cow -Wheats generally in all places
where they grow among Corn thrive ; fo if they
be not Weeded out, but fuffer’d to grow till the
Corn is Reaped, their Seed mixes with the Wheat
in Thralhing, whereby when Ground, the Meal is
browner or darker colored ; and fo the Bread
which is made thereof, will be blacker than other-
wife it would be.

* .

CHAP. DCCXXXIII.

Of W H E A T Common ;

Red, White, Grey.

I. 'T' H E Names. If is called by the Arabians
A Henta, and Hencba ; in Greek n»efr.- alfo
(f rumentumi Fruendo:) in Latin Triticum,
(quod tritum ex Spicis fit, ut dicit Karra :) alfo
Siligo, which is the Name of the finelt and molt
pure Wheat ; and in Englilh Wheat.

II. The Kinds. Wheat if we refpett the Ear
only is either Naked and not Bearded s or Beard-
ed but if we rejpeft the color chietiy, it is
threefold, viz. I . Triticum arfia rubri, vel Spicis
rubris, Red Wheat, which is accounted the finelt
and belt of all Wheat, and this is twofold, viz.
either arifii fpicaia , with Bearded Ears -, or Tri-
ticum muticum, Triticum rubrum fpica mutici, 01

Wheat

Chap. 733. 'EngUjh Herhs.

H9

Wheat Naked without Beard or Awns. 2. Triti-
cum album , Triticum ariflis albis Siligo , White

Wheat and this is alfo twofold, viz. Triticum
album Arif} is Munitum vel AriJIis Spicatis, White
Wheat with Bearded Ears, or Ears with Awns ^
or Triticum album muticum ■, Siligo, vel Triticum
album Spica mutica , or White Wheat without
Beard or Awns* and thefe white Wheats fome
think to be as fine a Grain as the formet, and fome
will have them to be the fined and bed Wheat of
all } without doubt, the difference in Goodnels
between them is fo little as not to be difcerned.
3. Triticum Grifeum , vel Cine ream , Triticum
Grifeum ariflis munitum , and this is that which I
take to be the Zcti, or Zea Zea of the Ancients,
which they called Spelta or Spelt-Corn and Ado-
rcum , alfo Ador , which the Ancient Romans made
to be a kind of Far, or Bread-Corn , being a courfer
fort of Wheat : This with us, is generally through
the Nation called Gray Wheat , and is a very good
and profitable fort of Grain, tho5 not fo abfolutely
fine and choice as the former Red and White Wheats.
To thefe let me add, 4. Triticum Spica multiplici ,
Triticum ramojum , the Branched, or manifold
Eared Wheat, which Taber namont anus calls Tri-
ticum Tiphinum Spica multiplici , which for all that
I know may be a Species of the Tipba, or Tipha
Cerealis of Dodomeus , their Defcriptions are fo
nearly alike.

T he Defcriptions ,

o

III. The fird, or Red Wheat, Its Root is very
Fibrous , and towards its Head as it were jointed ,

Wheat Red or White, Bearded.

I as l^e Stalks grow up higher , at every Joint one
I if a/ICi at l^e fourt b Joint ufually comes forth
j the long Tar , or Spiked Head , one on a Stalk, with-
out any Branches , which while the Head / lands up-
right, blooming J. mall yellow Aglets, which when
it is ripe , a little bows down or bends its Head , by
rea/on of its weight , which is fet with two double
rows of Grain or Corn , within feveral Chaffy Coat s

Wheat White or Red,
not Bearded.

or Husks , which when it is cleanfed from them , is
of a firm compel! Subftance, which is of a Dun red-
dig) color ; and the whole Ear is of a kind of red-
dig color when it is perfeflly ripe -, which is either
Bearded with Awns , or not Bearded, but plain and
fmooth , that being all the difference , which yet
makes no Difference in the Goodnefs of the
Corn.

IV. The fecond, or White Wheat. This in its
Roots , Leaves , Stalks, Ears, Flowers, Corn, Mag-
nitude, and manner of growing, differs nothing
from the former or Red Wheat, but only in the
color, the Stalks and Ears being whiter , and the
Grain or Corn of a clear yellomig white color This
is alfo twofold, viz. either Bearded with Awns
or plain and fmooth without Awns, in like man-
ner as the Red Kind. Some , and the Generality
of Farmers, maintain the Red Wheat to be the
fineft and beft Wheat, and to make the Swceteji
and Whit eft Bread : Whilft others again main-
tain this White Wheat to be the chiefe/i of all
and to make truly the Beft and ITbiteft Bread ’

I indeed know them both very well, and have
eaten Bread, Cakes , and other things made of the
fine Flower of them both ; yet I muft fay, by
all that I could obferve , that 1 could find no
difference between the Sweetnefs, Whitenefs and
Goodnefs of the one and the other but that to
me, the one appeared as good as the other-, and
7 V without

1250 Salmon s Herbal Lib. 1.

Wheat White Bearded.

without doubt, the difference is little or none or
if there be any, it would puzzle the Wtfeji of
Men to find on which fide the tthiteli and beft
would fill . . . n .

V. The third, or Gray Wheat. This in its Roots,
heaves, Stalks, and manner of growing, is like the
j oritur, but the Stalk is larger and jiroxger, higher,

Wheat Gray ; Zea, or Spelt Corn.

and of a brown color and the Head or Ear hereof ,
is much larger , of a brown color alfo , with four
Sides or Rotes of Grains or Corn, Jo that it feems
to be four fquare , which is contained in double
brown Hush, all which are Armed with Awns j
fo that the whole makes a large Bearded Ear± and

Wheat Gray, or Greek Wheat .

the color of the Grain within, is almoff of the color
of the Red Wheat, but much paler, the Corn it f elf
being much of the fame fajhion , but pluthper, or
fuller and larger. The Meal or flower of this,
makes admirable good White Bread, Cakes, 6fC. but
it is fcarcely fo White as the others, nor yet fo
Sweet.

VI. The fourth, or Branched, or manifold fared
Wheat. This in its external form of Roots,
Leaves and Stalks, is much like the Red Wheat,
faving that the Stalk feems to be fiorter, and
the Ear in color , with its Husks or Chaff, Awns
and Grain within it, it cxaUly like to the Ear of
the Red Wheat, faving that the Ear of this hoe
feveral other fmaller Ears, as 1, 4, 6, or more,
growing out of the fides thereof. This feems to be
a Species of Dodonatus’s Tipha, or Triticum Tiphi-
num, which by the Defcription thereof, can be no
other than our Bearded Red Wheat. It is thus
Defer ibed. Tipha rifes up with a fingle and fen-
der Stalk or Straw, the Ear is long and round.
Bearded with long, hard, Jharp Awns, fomewhat
clofely fet together, and the Grain is fmall and
light, but hard , and of a redder color thari other
Wheat, enclofed in divers Chaffy Husks. This
feems to me to be Our Red Wheat before De-
feribed.

VII. Some may Object againft me, That Our
Gray Wheat is nor, nor can be the Zea, or Spe/ta,
of the Ancient Greeks and Romans, becauie fay
they, that Zea , Spelta, or Greek-Wheat, had its
Ear Naked, without Beard or Awns, in proof
(of which, they bring the Teftimonies of Camera-

Tins,

I

Chap. 733. Unglifh Herbs * 1251

r/«r, Gerard , Lota/ and 1 rag us ; ) whereas our
Gray Mtorf has a Bearded or Awned Ear * to which
I anfwer, that Lugduncnfis has Defcribed and let
forth his Zen with a Bearded Ear ; and Mattbiolm
has given us his Spelta with Awns, or a Bearded
Ear alfo : ’Tis true that Tbeopbraflus , from whom
the Zea or Spelta is taken, in his Defcription has
faid nothing of the Awns or Beard of the Ear ;
but let us take all the reft of his Defcription, as it
is in his Hiftoria Plant arum , lib. 8. cap. 9. and
compare it with Camerarius and Tragus their Zea
Spica mutica , or any others who maintain the
fame, and you will find that they are none of
Tbeopbrafivs's Plant.- That of Tbeophrajlus is thus
defcribed. Its Roots are many , or bujhy , and Jlrong-
ly faflned in the Ground , out of which they draw
much Nourishment, and it rifes up with many firong ,
jointed ', and high Stalks , with Leaves on them moft
like to Wheat ; the Ear is plentiful in Corn or
Grain , which are enclofed in many Chaffy Husks ,
being the light eft of others , and not fo eafily beaten
out , as out of other Wheat ; and is very pleafant
to every one. Now fetting afide the Awns of the
Ear , which are here omitted, Our Gray Wheat is
the molt like it of any thing in the World , and
if that be not the Zea or Spelta of the Ancients,

I Can find no other Grain in the World to which
it will, or can agree. As lor Camerarius and Tra-
gus, their Zea or Spelta , can be none of this of
Tbeophrajlus ; for theirs has no fuch Bufhy Root,
no fuch ftrong nor tall Stalks, nor yet fo many
growing from one and the fame Root : And as the
Stalks of theirs are low, and fewer, fo the Ears
are fmaller, and not orderly fet in Rows •, by all
which it is evident, that they had no true Know-
ledge of Zea , or Greek Wheat , which is without
doubt, what we call Gray Wheat here in England.

VIII. The Places. All thefe Grains are not on-
ly Sown almoft in all Counties through all the
Iilands of Great Britain, but alfo in moft parts
of the Habitable World. ’Tis true, that not long
fince they were Strangers in America , but fince our
Englijh have Planted and Inhabited almoft all the
Eattern Coaft of Florida , from the North of Nova-
Scotia , to the South of Carolina , they have been
made Denizons of thofe Countries, and are now
become Natives of the fame, and profper with the
fame increafe and goodnefs, which they have here
with us.

IX. The Times. They are Sowed after Harveft
in Autumn , before Winter, and tho’ they prefently
Spring up, are fo hardy as as to endure the (harp-
eft Seafons, and the Ears come to their ripenefs in
July and Augufl following.

X. The Qualities. All thefe forts of Wheat
are temperate in refpeft'of heat or cold, drinefs
or moifture, are Attringent, Vulnerary and Nu-
tritive.

XI. The Specification. They ftop Fluxes of the
Bowels, Nourifh much, and reftore in deep Con-
fumptions.

XII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. Pollen & Siligo, Meal and Flower.

2. Alica vel Chondrus, Pultage. 3. Bread and
Cakes. 4. Puddings. $. Athera, Panada, or Pap.
6. Far, or Boiled Wheat. 7. Tragus, or Flummery.
8. Amylum, Starch. 9. Fermentum, Levcn.
10. Moult. 1 1. Sweetmeat Wafers. 12. A Geliy.

13. Sanguis, ExtraQum Tritici, Blood of Wheat .

14. A Cofmetick. 15. A Balfam. 16. A Cataplafm .
17. An Oil by Exprcjfion. 18. AClyfier. 19. Mum,
or Strong Drink. 20. A Spirit. 21. Frumety, or
Frumenty.

'The Virtues.

XIII. Pollen &• Siligo, Meal and Flower. Tho1
Siligo be the Name of the fineft and beft Wheat,
and of the White Wheat in particular * yet Siligo with
them did alfo fignify the pureft and fineft Wheat-
Flower. Thefe are of ufe to make Bread , Cakes,
Puddings , Pultage, Panada, Flummery, Starch,
Lcven, Wafers, Geliy, Cataplafm, &c. Outwardly
applyed to Simple Wounds newly made, in a
large quantity, it prefently (tops the Flux of Blood,
and a Spoonful of them mixed with a Glafs of
fair Water, and fwallowed down, is good againft
Heart-burnings, and Acidities of the Stomach.

XIV. Pultage. It is called Alica, ab Alendo,
from Nourifhing, and fo all Latin Authors have
Tranflated Chondrus , which is taken to be the moft
excellent Pultage ufed in thofe Ancient times: If
made of Milk only, or Milk and Water, it is pro-
perly a thick Milk -, if of Water only, it is Pul-
tage. It is good to ftrengthen the Stomach and
Bowels ; it nourifhes very well, and flops Fluxes
of the Belly.

X V. Bread and Cakes. Thefe are as it were the
Staff of Life; for with Bread and Water alone, a
Man may live many Years. If the Pafte be Fer-
mented with Leven or Tell, the Bread or Cakes,
will be much more wholefom, and more eafie of
digeftion ; and with Bread, the Panada or Pap
for Children, and new Born Infants is made, and
for them it is better to be made with Water, than
with Milk, becaufe then it is not Stuffing. If
eaten dry, or alone, it abforbs the Watery humor
in the Stomach and Bowels, and is prevalent againft
Fluxes of the Belly.

XVI. Puddings. They have the Virtues of Bread,
are good againft Weakneffes and Fluxes of the
Bowels, and if made with Milk and Eggs, ftrength-
en much, and reftore in deep Confumptions, be-
ing alfo very eafie of Digeftion : If they are made
of pure White Bread, they will be yet pleafanter,
lighter of Digeftion, more Nourifhing, and better
for the Stomach ; by reafon the Bread is a Fer-
mented Subftance.

XVII. Panada, or Pap. It is made with Water,
Milk and Water, and fometimes with Milk alone,
of the pureft and fineft White Bread, and chiefly
for Infants and Children, and fuch Elder People as
have been long Sick, and have fuch weak Stomachs
as that they can fcarcely digeft any thing. It is
eafie of digeftion, nourifhes much, and may be
made very grateful to the Stomach, by the additi-
on of White Sugar, Wine, Juice of Oranges, as the
Sick likes beft, and may moft quadrate with the
nature of the Difeafe.

XVI II. Far, or Boiled IVbeat. I know Far has
been thought to be a peculiar Grain, or a mixture
of feveral kinds of Corn among the Ancients ;
but what particular Corn, or Corns it (hould be,

I know no Author has determined. But Archi-
genes in JEtius, gives us the Artificial matter, viz .

1 he Wheat is jleeped a while in Water, and being
taken from thence, is put into a Mortar , where it
is cleanfed from the Husks, by gentle beating with
a wooden Pc file, afterwards it is laid in the Sun ,
and then rubbed with the Hands till it is fully
cleanfed -, which done, it is broken a little grofsly,
and being dried, is kept for ufe, to be Boiled upon
occafion in Water. Parkinfon is of opinion, that
this well refembles our Boiled Wheat, which, af-
ter it is freed from the Husks as jufl now declared
it i r boiled in Water till it breaks, and become]

7 V 2 pretty

1252 Salmon' s Herbal. Lib. I,

pretty thick , which Country People while it it hot ,
do put into Wooden Dijhes , and Jo bring it to
London, to be Sold in the Markets , by the Name
of Difh-Wheat and Bowl-Wheat.

XIX. Tragus, or Flummery. It is made of the
Jinejl of the blower, mixed with fair Water in a
due proportion , and Boil'd up to Juch a thicknefs ,
as being cold , it will cut with a Knife which whilfi
hot , is put into j mail , flat , white Earthen Dijhes ,
in which it is kept till it is eaten. They common-
ly mix with it at Eating, Wine and Sugar, and fo
it chears the Heart, revives the Spirits, comforts
Nature, and reftores in Confumptions. Some that
are great Lovers of Milk, ufe that inftead of the
Wine-

XX. Amylum, White Starch. It ismade of the
finelt Flower of the Wheat, by the means of fair
Water. Made into a Lohoch with Honey , it is
good again!! Coughs, Colds, Rheums, and Spit-
ting of Blood, and caufes an eafie expectoration
of Flegm.

XXL Fermentum, Lrven. Iris made of fome
Palte or Dough of the Bread after Fermentation,
and being made up into a round fiat Ball, it is
kept in a heap of Table ot Bay-Salt poudered, till
it grows fowre, which you may know both by the
Smell and Talte. it has a power to draw and di-
geli that which is fat off; and therefoie is good to
Be put into Drawing Cataplafms , to caufe Suppu-
ration in Tumors. Applyed to places aflefited with
the Gout, it in a fhort time eafes the pain : It is
good all'o againft Warts, and hard Knots or Ker-
nels in the Flelh, being applyed with fome Salt.

XXII. Mault. It is made altogether in the
Lime manner as you make the Mault of Barley.
The blower of it being mixed with Turpentine ,
Honey , and the To/k of an Egg , makes a good
Digeftive ; mixed with Ammoniacum, Leven , and
a little Vinegar , it difeuffes and foftens hard Tu-
mors ; but its chief ufe is for making that fort of
Strong Drink called Mum.

XX1H. Sweet-Meat Wafers. They are Sold at
the Confeflioners, made up into fmall white Rouls.
Being eaten, they Angularly gratifie the Stomach,
and Itrengthen it. Hop Fluxes ot the Bowels, and
reltore in Confumptions. As they are made of the
purelt and finelt Flower, with a fmall addition ot
Milk, Eggs and Sugar, fo put into Water and
drank, they cure the Bloody Flux, and are good
againlt Ruptures in Children.

XXIV. The Geliy. It is made of the former
Wafers boiled in a fujficient quantity of Water ,
to the Conflftency of a Geliy ; or it may be made
of the Dijh - Wheat, at SeCt. XVIII. by adding a
little Water to it, and /training it very hot thro ' a
Cheefe Cloth. It is good againft Spitting of Blood,
Coughs, Colds, Hoarfenefs and the like, being
daily eaten.

XXV. Sanguis feu ExtraUum Tntici, Blood
of Wheat, It is made as you make the Sanguis
Satyrionis , Confohds major it. Potatoes, Parfneps,bfc.
It is an admirable thing to chear the Heart, revive
the Spirits, reftefh the Bowels, comfort Nature,
reltore in Confumptions, and recreate Languifhing
Nature. The finelt White Bread is belt to make
it of.

XXVI. The Cofmetick. Take of the Elotxer 4
Ounces, Honey 1 Ounce, Vinegar a Quart ; boil
them gently together, fo long till the blower will
not eafily fettle. It is laid to be good againft
Scurf!', Morphew, Sun-burning, Tanning, Freckles,
Spots and Pimples in the Face.

XXVII. T be half am. Take Turpentine 1 Oun-
ces -, Talks of three Eggs, mix them till the Turpen-
tine is perfectly dijjolved in the Talks, then add

Honey, Batfam of Peru, of each two Ounces ; fine
Wheat blower enough to give it the Confifiemy rj a
Balfam. It is Digeftive, Abfterfive and Healing, a
good Vulnerary in all Simple Green Wounds ,
Plague Sores, running putrid Sores, and Old
Ulcers

XXVIII. The Oil by Exprejfion. It is Pre/Jed
in an Almond Prefs out oj the whole Wheat , be-
tween two thick Iron or Copper Plates, being heat
very hot. Ic heals all inveterate Ring - worms,
Tettars, Scabs, Herpes, &c. on the Face or Chin,
or other parts of the Body, being laid on warm ;
and hereby fays Galen , we have known many to
be Cured. Matthiolus commends the fame to be
put into hollow Ulcers to heal them. The lame is
alfo uled for Chaps in the Hands or Feet, by realon
of Cold, as alfo to make a rugged Skin iinooth.

XXIX. The Cataplafm. It may be made of the
Leven alone, mixed with a little Vinegar ; being
applyed, it is good againft the Gout, and the hard
Tumors in Womens Brealts. .1 Cataplafm made
of New Wheat Chewed in the Mouth, applyed to a
place bitten by a mad Dog, cures it. A Cataplafm
of Bread made with red Rofe-Water, applyed to the
Eyes which are hot, red, and inhumed, or are
Blood-fhot, heals them. A Cataplafm made of
Bread Pried in a Prying-Pan, with Wine Vinegar ,
being applyed very hot for an Hour at a time, for
12 or 14 Days together, to Kings -Evil Kernels
in Neck and Throat, is faid peiftClly to diffolve
and cure them. A Cataplafm made of Wheat-blower,
with Juice of Henbane, being applyed, will Hop
a Flux of Humors to the Joints. A Cataplafm of
Wheat Meal Boil'd in Vinegar, being applyed, will
help the Contraction of the Nerves, or Shrinking
of the Sinews, as P liny fays. A Cataplafm of the
Bran , with a little blower, made by Boiling it in
the Jharpejl Wine Vinegar, being applyed, foftens
and difeuffes the Swellings of Womens Brealts -,
and applyed prefently to the Biting of a Viper,
draws forth the Poifon.

XXX. The Clyfler. It is made by boiling the
Bran (not too near Sifted) in the Broth made of a
Sheeps Head and Gathers ; which being exhibited,
does open and cleanfe the Body of (harp and etude
Humors, and to eafe the Griping pain of the
Bowels ; and all this it will more effectually do,
if to every Pint thereof, you add jour Ounces of
Brown Sugar, and a little Salt.

XXXI. Mum , or very Strong Drink. It is
made in the fame manner as you make very
Strong Beer of Barley Mault. It comforts the
Stomach and Bowels, fttengthens the Back, and
is a Reftorative to fuch as ate in a Pining and
Languilhing Condition ; fortifying all the Natural
Faculties of the Microcofm.

XXXII. The Spirit. It is drawn off from Old
or Stale Mum in an Alembick, in the very fame
manner as you draw off the Maulted Spirits of
Barley ; or as you draw Spirit of Wine. Unlels
it be very carefully drawn, it will not tafte very
pleafantly, by reafon it is apt to be loaded with an
Empyreuma ; bnt if it is drawn neat and clean, or
is made fo by Rectification, it will anfwer ail the
ends of Spirit of Wine, and perform the lame
things.

XXXIII. Frumety, or Frumenty ; tt is fo called
from brume mum, an old Name for Wheat or Corn.
It is made oj Boiled Wheat, which is that which is
Sold in Wooden Dijhes or Bowls, in the Markets in
London, and called Difh-Wheat (at SeCf. XVIII.
aforegoing,) by Boiling it up with a fujfiacnt quan-
tity of Milk, to make a P ullage thereof, of a due
thicknefs. It is Stomatick, llrengthens the Bowels,
flops Fluxes, and reftorative ir. Confumptions.

4 f' T4 A P

Chap. 734’ ‘Englijh Herbs. .1253

CHAP. DCCXXXIV.
O/WHEAT Indian:

O R,

MAIZE.

1, 'T' HE Names. We know no Greek Name
X for it } but it is called in Latin, Erumentum
Turcicum , Turky Wheat * Erumentum Indicum
aliquorum , Cf Milium Indicum maximum : in Englijh ,
TurkyWheat , Indian Wheat , Indian and Maize,

as the Wejl-lndians call it.

II. The Kinds. We have but One Species there-
of, but fome may account them Two, byreafon of
their Magnitude , which I take to be rather from
the Nature of the Soil ; a rich Soil affording a very
large fort ; whereas a poor Soil gives you only a
Dwarf kind of Plant : But there is a great Variety
in the Colors of the Ears, fome being all White,
fome all Yellow, fome all Red, and fome Blew.
And again, fome Ears have Grains of all thofe Co-
lors at once:, but this difference, we account makes
no differing Species of the Plant.

The Descriptions.

III. Its Root is Thick and Bufhy , full of grofs
f ibres or Strings , from whence fpring up feveral
ftrong and tall Stalks,! fix or eight Ecet high , as
thick as a Girls Wrifi , if it grows in any rank
Ground , full of great Joints , with a white Spongy
Pith inthe middle. The Leaves are long , twice as

Wheat Indian: Or, Maize,

White , Tellow, Red or Blew , as the Grams in ike
Ears will prove. Thefe flowers fall away without
any thing of an Ear fuccceding them : But zvhilft
this flowering i r, come forth the Ears at the joints
of the Stalks with the Leaves , from which in two
or three of the lower Joints up, towards the Tops of
the Stalks, One at a Joint, which have many Leaves
enclofing them, and are fmallefi at the Top, with a
fmall long Bujh of Hairs or Threads, hanging down
at the Ends -, which when they are Ripe, are to be
gathered. The Leaves enclofing the Ear being ta-
ken away, the Head or Ear appears, much like to
a long Cylinder ( not a Cone ) fet with 6 , 8, or 10
rows of Grains, as large almoft as Peafe , and fome-
times larger - not fully round, but flat on the /ides
which join one to another, orderly and very clofely
fet together , of the fame Color on the out fide as the
Bloomings were, viz. either White, fellow. Red or
Blew only, or of fome or all of thofe Colors together j
the whole Grain is hard and brittle, its external
Husk being very hard almoft like a Shell, but its in-
ward Fulp, when grownd into Meal or flower, al-
mofl as white as Snow which Grains when Chewed,
are fomewhat dry, and not clammy in the Mouth , as
our Wheat is.

IV. The Places. It is faid to grow in Turky,
and that it was firft brought from thence : It is
true, that it is now univerfally Planted almcft all
over the Weft Indies but it is certain, that it was
not an aborigine of thofe Countries ; but was firft
carried thither by Europeans. It requires to be
Planted in a rich and fat Ground, as Millet does;
for a poor lean Soil, makes but a poor fort of Corn.
It has been Planted in our Gardens in England, and
in very hot Summers has come to perfe&ion with us.

V. The Times. It is Sown in the Spring, in
March and April -, and the Grain is for the moil
part ripe in July and Augufi.

VI. The 'Qualities . It is Temperate in refpefl
to Heat or Cold, and dry in the firft Degree, Ab-
fterfive, and very nourifhing.

VII. The Specification. It cleanfes the Stomach,
Bowels, Reins, and Urinary Paffages ofTartarous
Mucilage ; infomuch, that it is faid to be very ef-
fectual to hinder the breeding of the Stone. It alfo
nourilhes well, with a thin and Abfterfive Nutri-
ment, and reftores in Confumptions.

VIII. The Preparations. In the Weft Indies there
is made thereof, 1 . The boiled Grain or Maize.
2. Pultage. 3. Homine. 4. Bread, Cakes, Pud-
dings. 5. Parched Corn. 6. ACataplafm. 7. The
whole Grain.

The Virtues.

IX. The boiled Grfln or Maize. The Corn is
firft fteeped a little in warm Water , then beaten in
a wooden Mortar with a wooden Peftle , till all the
external hard Hull is beaten off-, then it is boiled
in Water till the Grain is perfectly foft and burft in
the boiling, and becomes almoft like to our boiled
Difh Wheat. They Eat it being feafoned with Salt,
by mixing with it Butter, or Milk, Cream or Wine,
and Sugar, it admirably nourifhes and ltrengthens,
and makes the Country Man able to go thro’ La-
bour and Bufinefs.

X. Pultage. The Grain is freed from the exter-
nal hard Hull as aforefaid : then being dryed in the
Sun, it is grownd in a Mill to Meal, which being
Sifted , and boiled in Water till it is M', is
yet mote boiled, till it becomes of the confi fiance of
a thin Hafiy Pudding. It is Eaten as the former
boiled Grain, with Butter, Salr, Milk, Cream, or
Wine and Sugar, and has the fame Effects in nou-
rifhing and {Lengthening thofe that Eat jt.

XI. Homine,.

Salmon .r Herbal. Lib. 1

1254.

XI. Hcmine. This anfwers to the Frumenty ,
made of our boiled Wheat. They take either of the
former boiled Maize, or of the Full age, what quan-
tity they pleafe : to which they add a fufficient
quantity of Milk , which being boiled, may make it
of the thicknefs of our Englifh Frumenty ^ and
fome put in Jo much Milk as to make it a little
thinner, according as every one likes. They gene-
rally e.it it, being made Savory with Salt and
Butter, and fome put Sugar to it It has all the
former Virtues and Effects, befides it cleanfes the
Bowels, and always keeps them Soluble, at lealt
from being Coftive.

XII. Bread, Cakes, Puddings. They are made
of the Flower, with Water or Milk. This Bread
whillt New, is wonderful Sweet, beyond any that
can be made of European Wheat -, but being Stale,
it eats fomething harfh, and more unpleafing : Af-
ter one is ufed to it, it is then Eaten with a Grate-
fulnefs to the Stomach. Some make the Bread, &c.
with half Flower of Maize , and half Flower of
Wheat and fome add to the Flower of Maize,
Eddo Roots boiled /oft, which makes the Bread
keep moift a good while.

XIII. Parched Corn. This whether it be of the
dryed Corn, or before it is ripe, is much eaten by
the Indians , becaufe of its ealie Preparation, and

. its exceeding Gracefulnefs to the Palate.

XIV. The Cataplafm. The Flower mixed zvilh
Leven, and brought to a Confifiency with Oil of
the Seeds Ricinus or Palma Chrifti, or frefh But-
terbeing applyed, isfaidto ripen Apollems.

XV. The whole Grain. It is given to Cows,
Oxen, Horfes, Hogs, Poultry, Coe. to Nourilh
and make them Strong, and alfo to Fatten them.

CHAP. DCCXXXV.

OfWHITLOW-GRASS:

0 R,

NAIL-IVORT.

I, -T-' H E Karnes. It is called in Greek ruso-
JL m-#* : in Latin Paronychia ; and in Englilh
Whit bw-Grafs, or Kail-Wort.

II. ’Vhc Kinds. There are 1. Paronychia vulga-
ris Dodonai, Paronychia communis Jolio Alfmes
Lobcitj, Lugdunenfis, W Camerarij-, Thlafpios mi-
nima fpecies Thalij-, Myoforis altera fpecies Lugdu-
nenfis Burfa Paftoris loculo oblongo Bauhini ;
Our Common Whitlow-Grafs. 2. Paronychia fo-
lio rutaceo Lobcitj ; Paronychia fotijs incifis, Pa-
ronychia altera Dodontci -, Paronychia tertia Taber-
nxmontani -, Jagged, or Rue like Whitlow-Grafs.
a. Paronychia major ; Pi/ofel/a Si/iquata mayor
Thalij- -, Aizoon Telephium Delcchampij Lugdu-
nrnfi -, The Greater Whitlow-Grafs. 4. Parony-
chia altera minor , Pi/ofc/la Sihquaia minor Thalij-,
Paronychia all era jolty s AJyogri Gefneri ; The
Leffer Whitlow-Grafs.

T be Defcriptionr.

III. The firlt, or our Common Whitlow-Grafs.
Its Root (onjijls of a Bunch of fmall fibres ;
from whence proceed many fmall and long Leaves
lying next to the Ground, fomewhat like to thofe
of Chickweed, but fomething longer and whiter

Whitlow-Grafs Common.

from among which, feveral flender naked Stalks,
not above 4, or 6 Inches high, bearing many
white f lowers one above another, exceeding fmall ;
after which, come fmall flat Pouches, leffer than
any of Thlafpi ; in which U contained very fmall
Seed, of a (harp Tajle.

IV. Thefecond, or Jagged, or Rue-like Whitlow -
Grafs. lit Root is fmall and fibrous like the
former, which fends forth fome pale or reddifh
green Leaves, cut in on the edges into t or 3
(mail parts , a/moft in fajhion like to the Leaves
of Rue ; from among which, grow up divers al-
J mojl

Chap. 7 ^6, 'Englijb Herbs. 12 5 5

Whitlow - Grafs Jagged.

they dye away, and are no more to be feen al
the Year after.

IX. The Qualities. They are all of them hot
and dry in the third or fourth degree. Attractive
and Suppurative.

X. The P reparations . You may make, I. A
half am or Ointment of the whole Herb. 2. A Ca-
taplafm thereof.

The Virtues.

XI. The Balfam , Ointment or Cataplafm, are
applyed to thofe Apoltems at the fingers ends,
called felons, and by the Roots of the Nails cal-
led Whitlows, which it is faid they effectually cute.

CHAP. DCCXXXVI.

Of WHORTLE-BERRIES.-

O R,

molt naked Stalks, each fpreai out into feveral
Branches, all of which, have at every Joint, one
ftngle but fmaller Leaf, much like the former ;
which Stalks towards the tops, bend a Little down-
wards, with fome white Flowers at the tops, greater
than the former, and Husks which hold the Seed,
which is greater alfo.

V. The third, or Greater Whitlow-Grafs. This
from a fmall f ibrous Root, has very many Leaves
fpringtng forth, and lying on the Ground in a
round Compafs, one by another, about 3 Inches
long , and an Inch broad apiece ; rough , hairy, oj
a dark green color , and a little denied about the
edges, growing on Jhort Footjia/ks ; from the mid-
dle of which, rife up one or two , rarely three ,
fmall round naked Stalks, with few, or rather
■no Leaves thereon, fo weak as fcarce/y to ftand
upright, out bending downwards-, at their tops
come forth feveral fmall white Flowers, after
which, come fmall long Pods, containing fmall
reddtjh Seed, but nothing fo hot or Jharp as
the Seed of the firft.

VI. The fourth, or LelTer Whitlow-Grafs. It
has a Root which is [mall, hard and woody -, the
Plant is fmaller than the former, having divers
Leaves lying on the Ground, lejfer than the Greater
aforegoing, like unto the leffer Moufe-Ear, called
Cats Foot, but not fo hoary, yet a little hairy,
of a yellowijh green color -, from among which ,
grow up feveral fmall, ftrait, and crefled Stalks,
6 Inches or more high, branching forth at the tops,
where come forth feveral white flowers, after
which follow very Jlender long Pods, like thofe
of Flixweed, full of fmall reddijh Seed, at Jharp
and hot in Tafte at Creffes.

VII. The Places. The two firft are often found

to grow upon Brick and Stone V* alls, and upon
old Tiled Houfes which are come to have much
Mofs upon them ; and fometimes they are found
growing upon lhadowy and dry Mud Walls.
The two laft are found growing upon Open Hills,
and other like dry Grounds. .

VIII. The Times. They Flower very early in
the Spring, fometimes in January and February,
if the Weather be mild ; for about the end ot
April, when the Weather begins to grow warm,

BILLBERRIES Heath and Marjh.

I. T-1 H E Names. It is called in Greek

X Td'jir : in Latine Vitis Ida ; i. e. expartc
Idequam vacant Phalacras \ Vitis Idea Theophrajli :
in Latine Vaccinia , Vaccinium Fritter -, and in
Englilh IVhorts , Whortle-Berries , and Bilberries.

11. The Kinds. Authors make 9 or to Species
of them, or more ; we (hall deferibe thofe only
which are molt known and common to us, which
are the four following, viz. 1 . Myrtillus exiguus
Lugdunenfis, Mattbioli, If Tragi-, (but certainly
it is no Myrtle, nor Species of a Myrtle.) Vitis
Idea vulgaris baccis nigris, Camcrarij, Cluftj , If
Gefneri ; (but it is not the Vitis Idtea which bears
Currans, for that Noble Vine grows not on fo
high, or Snowy Mountains, but in the Plains and
Open Hills, being a Cultivated Vine.) Vaccinia
nigra, Dodonei If Lobe/ij ; Bago/e primum genus
Cefalpini-, Our Common Black Whorts or Bil-
berries. 2 Vitis Idea rubra (by all Writers there-
of) Vitis Idea folijs buxeis Cluftj , Radix Idea
frutlu rubro Anguilare, (as he called the other
Radix Idea fruttu nigro : ) Radix Idea Diofcori-
dis Lugdunenft -, and Vaccinia rubra by almolt all
Authors ; Our Red Whorts, or Bilberries with
Box - Leaves. 3. Vitis Idea tertia Cluftj ; Myrto-
malts, Petromclis, Pyrus Cervina, Pyrafter Idea
Gefneri, Sweet Whorts or Bilberries. 4. Vaccinia
paluftria Dodonei If Lobelij ; Acinnaria palufiris
Gefneri in hortis ; Oxycoccum Cordi Vitis Idea
paluflris Bauhini -, Vitis Idea tertia Clufj -, Vacci-
nium pa/ulire-, Marfh Whorts, or Bilberries.

The Defcriptiotis.

HI. The fiilt, or Our Common Black Whorts,
or Bilberries. Its Root grows aflope underGround,
Jhooting forth in feveral places as it runs. It is
a fmall Bulb, which creeps as it were upon the
Ground , fcarcc riftng a Foot and half high, with
feveral fmall dark green Leaves, fet on the green
Branches, which it fpreais abroad on both ftdes.

1256 Salmons Herbal. Lib. i.

but not always one again j} another , fomewhat like I
unto the /mailer Myrtle Leaves, yet nut jo bar/ I
and a little dented about the edges. At the Voot
of the Leaves come forth /mull, hollow, pile, blufh
co. t i ed Flowers , the Brims ending in fvc points ,
with a reddifb Thread in the middle , which pa/s

Whortle - Berries:

O R,

Billberries Black.

into Jmall round. Berries , oj the bignefs and color
of Juniper-Berries, but full of a purple Sweet-
ijh (harp , or Jowr e Juice , which does give a
Jad purplijh color to their Hands and Lips mho
handle and eat them , if breaking them , containing
within them Jeveral / mall Seeds. This abides all
Winter , but loofes its Leaves.

IV. The fecond, or our Red Whorts, or Bill-
berries. Its Root runs under Ground like the for-
ttJer , and rifes up to a fmall Bujh in the fame
manner , but has harder Leaves , in form and Jhape
a/tnoji like to thofe of the Box-Tree, green and
round pointed , funding on its feveral Branches ,
at the tops whereof only , and not from the fides
( as in the former ) come forth feveral round ,
and fomewhat long hollow flowers , of a pale red
color. After which , fucceed round reddijh fappy
Berries , when they are ripe , of an acid Afiringent
Tafe. Its Leaves fall not away ( ns the former do)
in Winter.

V. The third, or Sweet Whorts, or Billberries,
(which home call french Whortle - berries.) This
rifes up with feveral thick, fmooth , woody Stems
or Stalks, to 6, or 7 feet high, their lower parts
being fmethmg rough, and covered with a blackifh
Bark, the upper Branches being green, Jlored with
many Leaves thereon, fet without order, which

are fomewhat long with their roundnrfs , and a
little dented about the edges , oj a Jad green
color above, and very hoary underneath. At the
Joints with the Leaves, come forth many white
flowers, confining of five Leaves apiece ; after
which, come fmall round Berries , fomewhat bigger

Whortle - Berries ;

OR,

Billberries Sweet.

than Haws of the Haw*Thorn, and black when they
arc ripe , having a fmall Crown as it were of five
fmall points , and are fappy , of a fweet Tafie , con-
taining blackifh Seed within them.

Whortle-Berries, or Bilberries Marjb.

VI. Th,

Chap. 737. ‘Enghjh tlerhs. ^57.

VI The fourth, or Marlh-Whorts, or Billber-
jies Its Root is long and white, running aflope
under the Earth, and not down right ; whence firing
up fevcral fender browni/h Branches, like unto
Strings Jcarcely exceeding a foot in length,
creeping upon the Ground, befet with many Jmall
Leaves like unto thofe of Thyme, at certain dijtan-
ccs green on the upperftde , and oftentimes hoary
underneath. The flowers come forth at the tops,
growing upon long threddy footfla/ks, conjifting oj
live reddijh Leaves, with an Vntbone or Foint/e in
the middle, which turn into round reidijh Bernes,
having a fowrijh Aftringent Tafle.

VII. The Places. The firft grows on many
Heaths and in Woods, and on Barren Hilly places
in many parts of England. It has been found on
Hampjlead- Heath, fmchley-Common, and St. Johns
Wood not far from London. It profilers belt in a
LeanBarren Soil, and in Untill’d Woody places ;
and are now and then found on high Hills lubjett
to the Wind, and upon Mountains. They grow
in many other parts of England, as on the Hills in
Chejhire called Broxen-Hills , near Beejton-Lajt le ;
and feve’ral other places. The fecond in the North-
parts of this Land, as in Lancajhtrc and Porkjhire ;
on the Hills in Lancafhire , upon Pendle-Hills ;
and ir, Weftmorelatti. , at Crosby Ravenfuiaiih , 8tc.
The third grows as Label fays, on every rhll rn
Provence ; and fome fay they have found it grow-
ine in the Southern part of our Hand. The fourth
grows only in Moorilh places, which are otten 1 co-
med over with Mofs; in Bogs, Watery and Fen-
ny places, efpecially in Chejhire and Staffordshire,
where ic is found in great plenty-

VIII. The Times. The firlt three Flower in
March and April, and fometimes in May, and the
Fruit of the Black is ripe in June and July, but of
the other two later. The Marjh kind Flower in
July, and their Fruit is ripe in Auguft.

IX. The Qualities. The Bernes of them all are

cold and dry in the fecond degree, Aftringent, and
Anti-Emmenagogick. - . D .

X The Specification. The Juice of the Berries
flop Womens Courfes, and all forts of Bleedings -,
and ate good againft all Fluxes of the Belly. It
quenches Third, flops Vomiting, extingntfhes the
heat of Burning Fevers ; flops Coughs t ana is
good againft a Phthifis, and other Difeafes of the

Llxf The Preparations. You may have, i.'T he
ripe Berries 2. A Rob, or Syrup of their Juice.
3. A Conferve. 4. A Purple Blew Dye. 5, A
Crimfon color or Dye.

'the Virtues.

XII The ripe Berries. The Black Whorts are
eaten in the Countries where they grow, with
Cream or Milk, and fometimes with Wine, as we
eat Strawberries, and fo they cool and refrefli the
Stomach, flop Vomiting, allay the heat of Choler,

and bind the Belly. , .

XIII. The Rob, or Syrup. They are good againlt
the Heat of burning Fevers, cool a hot Stomach
and 1 iver refill Vomiting and Naufeoufnes, quench
Thirlt are good againft the Bloody- Flux, and flop
all other Fluxes of the Belly, as alfo Cholenck
Fluxes in particular -, and are good to cure all in-
ward Fluxes of Blood, as Spitting and Vomiting
Blood, Pilling Blood, Bloody Stools, or Kepat.ck
Flux the overflowing of the Loches, as alfo of
the Terms in Women, BY. and are profitable for
fuch as are troubled with an old Cough, and Ob

Itru&ions of the Lungs ^ and are faid to be good
againft a Phtbifis, or an Ulceration of that Bowel.

XIV. The Conferve of the Berries. It has all
the Virtues of the Rob and Syrup, and may be gi-
ven Morning, Noon and Night, to the quantity
of a large Cheftnut.

XV. The Purple color d Dye. Tragus fays, that
the Country People take a Pot full of the Juice of
the black Berries Jirained , into which they put 4
Spoonfuls of good Wine Vinegar •, an Ounce of
Alum , and a quarter of an Ounce of Copper Fi-
lings, or Forgings, or Scales of Copper-, which they
borl altogether , and make a Dye thereof Into this
Dye or Liquor, they put Cloth, Wool, Thread,
Yarn, Cfc. letting them lye in it for a good while,
which afterwards they take out and diy, and then
wafh them with cold Water, fo will they have a
Turky Blew color and if they would have it deep-
er, they put into it an Ounce of broken Gauls.
Alfo with the Juice of the Berries , Painters color
Cards, Paper, Maps of Countries, of a Purple
blew color, putting thereto fome Alum and Gauls ,
by which they make it lighter or deeper, as they
pleale.

XVI. The Crimfon Dye. It is made of the Juice
of the Red Whortle-berry, by adding thereto a lit-
tle Alum. The Juice ©f thele Red Whor tie- berries,
when of an excellent red color, and the Berries are
full of Juice, is of fo Orient and Beautiful a Purple
to Limne withal, that Indian Lacca is not _ to be
compared to it:, efpecially when this Juice is pre-^
pared with Alum according to Art, as 1 my felf
(fays my Author) have proved by Experience.

CHAP. DCCXXXVII.

(y WILLI AMS and JOHNS
Sweet , Carden and Wild.

1 . '“p'f/E Names. They have no known Greek
J. Name, but are called by this general Name
in Latin , Armerius : Of fome Superba, and Carya-
phillus Sy/veftrts : In Englifh, J meet Williams and
fweet Johns.

II. The Kinds. They are either Latifolius, broad
Leav’d, which are called Sweet Williams , or An.
guftifolius, narrow Leav’d, which are called Sweet
Johns. Of thefe there are thefe following Varie-
ties, viz. 1. Armerius latifolius [implex flore albo,
(ingle white Sweet Williams. 2. Armerius lati-
folius [implex flore rubro , fingle red Sweet Wil-
liams. 3. Armerius latifolius fmplex verficolor ,
five Vanegatus, (ingle fpeckled Sweet Williams,
or London Pride. 4. Armerius latifolius fimplex
flore rubro Jaturo holafericeo , (ingle deep red, or;
Murry colored Sweet Williams, or Velvet Wil-
liams. ;. Armerius latifolius flore rubro multi-
plici, double red Sweet Williams. 6. Armerius
Angujiifolius rubens fmplex , Engle red Sweet Johns,
or fingle red narrow leav’d Sweet Williams. 7.
Armerius angufiifolius albus fmplex , fingle white
Sweet Johns, or narrow leav’d white Sweet Willi-
ams. 8. Armerius anguflifolius duplex , double Sweet
Johns, or double narrow leav’d Sweet Williams.
Gerard fays, that doubtlefs Sweet Williams are a
kind of wild Gilliflower.

7 X The

1258 Salmon s Herlal. Lib. I.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firll or fingle white Sweet Williams.
From a fmall Fibrous Root , ffpring up many lone,
trailing or weak Stalks , with Leaves lying on the
Ground , broader than thofe of the Sweet Johns ,
of a frejh green color , the Leaves not being Brown
at all j at the tops of the Stalks or Branches , are
tufts of ftngle white Flowers , growing pretty thick
and clofe together , <z/zi in good numbers , having ma-
ny fmall pointed Leaves among them.

IV. The fecond, or fingle red Sweet Williams.
They all of them fpread into many trailing Branches ,
t :itb long broad Leaves lying upon the Ground , in
the fame manner that the Sweet Johns following do.
The chief differences between them are , that thefe

Williams Sweet Red.

have broader and darker green Leaves , fomewhat
brownijh , efpecially towards the points j and that
the i lowers (land thicker and cl offer, and a great
many more in number together in the Head or Tuft ,
having fmall pointed Leaves among them , £0/ tw/ib
prickles unhurtful. The color of the Flower is of a
deep red , without any mixture or fpot at all.

V. The third, or fingle fpeckled Sweet Wil-
liams, or London Pride. The Roots are ffome long ,
and ffome fmall and thready , running under the up-
permofi cruft off the Earth. Thefe fpotted Williams
are very like the former red Williams, in their form
and manner off growing , having Leaves as broad, and
brown , ffometimes a* they : The Flowers ffand as
thick or thicker , cluff ering together , but of very
variable colors • for ffome Flowers will be of a fine
delayed Red , with a few marks or fpots upon them •
others will be full fpeckled or ffprinkled , with white
or Silver fpots , circle wife about the middle of the

flowers : And fame will have many /pecks or fpots
difperfed upon them. All thefe blowers do not
blow at one time , but fomc will be flowering , when
others are decaying : fo that abiding long in their
bride, they become blowers of Jome value and re-
fpelf. The Seed is black , as is all the reft, and not
to be diftinguifhed one kind from another.

VI. The fourth, or fingle deep red, or Murry
color’d Sweet Williams, or Velvet William. The
Leaves of this feem to be a little larger, and the
Joints a little redder than the former ; but in the
blower conftfts the chief difference, which is of a
deep red, or Murry Turple color , like unto Velvet
of that color, without any fpots, but fmooth anifoft
at Velvet in handling , having an Eye or Circle in
the middle at the bottom of the Leaves.

VII. The fifth, or double red Sweet Williams.
This double kind differs nothing from the jingle
kind, of the fame color farSeft. IV. aforegoing) but
in the duplicity, or doublencfs of the blowers, which
are with two rows of Leaves in every blower.

VIII. The fixth, or fingle red Sweet Johns, or
fingle red narrow Leav’d Sweet Williams. Its
Root is difperfed fevcral ways, with many fmall
fibres adjoining to it. Its Leaves are broader
Shorter and greener, than any of the G iUiflowers
but narrower than the Sweet Williams afore defer't-
bed, fet by pairs at the Joints of the Stalks, which
are Jhorter than moft of the Gilhflowers, or Pinks,
and not above a foot and a half high. At the tops
whereof grow many fmall flowers , like unto fmall
Pinks, but Handing clofer together, and in Jhorter
hofe or husks, conjifting of 5 Leaves, fmaller than
moft of the Pinks, and more deeply jagged than the
William ; of a red color in the middle, and white

Johns White and Red Double.

Belonging to Sefl. 10.

Chap. 72 7. Englijb Herbs.

259

at the edges, having but a Jmall Jcent or fmell, and
not all flowering at once, but by degrees. The Seed
is black, fometbing like to the Seed of Pinks.

IX. The feventh, or fingle white Sweet Johns,
or fingle white narrow Leav’d Sweec Williams.
This differs not in any thing from the former, bur
only that its Leaves do never change broanijh, and
that the blower is of a fair white color , without any
mixture.

X. The Eighth, or double Sweet Johns, or
double narrow Leav’d Sweet Williams. T heft
double Johns are both of the red kind, and oj the
white kind, and in their form and manner of grow-
ing, are cxallly like the fingle red and white kinds,
there being no difference between them, but in the
duplicity of the blowers, fame confifling of two rows
of Leaves, and fomc of three, the edges of which
Leaves 0] the Flowers arc not fo deeply jagged, ru

are the fingle kinds. , r , „

XI. fhe Places. Thefe grow wild lor the molt

part in Italy, and other warmer Climates; but they '
are only Nurft up in Gardens wirh us, for their
Beautiful variety. , . _ ,

XII. The Times. They flourifh or bring forth
their Flowers in April or May, before the Gilli-
flowers and P inks, and bear their Flowers a great
'part of the Summer , their Seed being ripe in June
and July. They are hardy Plants, and will endure
the extremity of our Coldeil Winters.

XIII. Noth. From the fowing of their Seed

many pretty Varieties are raifed ; but every flip of
them fet in the Spring, will grow and abide the
Winter. The Velvet Williams , and the Double
Johns, are worthy the refpeftof the greatell Ladies,
who a’re Lovers of Flowers. They who have room
enough, and are pleafed with, may by fowing
their Seeds, have great and fine Diverfities, even ot
double Flowers. .

XIV. As to their Vitalities, Specifications, Pre-
parations, or Virtues , Authors have faid nothing,
and having Experimented nothing concerning them,
we are Silent. Their great ufe with us in England
is, to entertain them as an Ornament to our Gar-
dens, for their Variety and Beauty fake.

WILLIAMS Wild :

O R,

CROW-FLO WER.

XV. The Names. It is called in Latin, Anne .
ria Armeracia, Armor aria Sylveliris, Armerius
flos primus Doionsi, Tunix , Cariophy/lus minor
Sylveftris fo/iis latioribus, bios Cucult, bios Comt-
ek : In Englilh, Wild Williams Crow-flowers, and
Marfh Gilliflowers.

XVI. The Kinds. Gerard fays thefe are a Species
of the Gilliflowers, or of the Sweet Williams , and
are taken by fome to be the true flos Cucult ; but
he efteems it to be a kind of Wild Gilliflower : Of
thefe we have, r. The Male Wild Wtlltam, or
Crow-flower. 2. The female Wild William, or
Crow-flower. 3. The Double Wild William , or
Crow-Flower.

'The Descriptions.

the Stalks many in one Tuft , finely and curioufi 7
J nipt on the Edges , lejjer than thofe of Gilliflowers ,
but well rej emb ling Sweet Williams , which are oj a
light Red or Scarlet color.

WILLIAMS Wild:

O R,

Crow-Flower.

XVIII. The Second, or Female Wild William,
or Crow-Flower. It differs not from the former
Male , but in its Magnitude this being lejfer , and
the Flowers more finely jagged , like the feathered
Pinks, of which this ts faid to be a kind.

XIX. The Third, or Double Wild Williams, or
Crow-Flower. This differs nothing from the firft
Crow-Flower , faving that that is fingle t lowered. ,
whereas this is double flowered , having many fair
double Flowers.

XX. The Places. They grow all about in Mea-
dows and Pafiures , and in low Moiji Grounds : but
the doubl§ kind has been brought into Gardens ,
where it grows very fair and pleafant j I fuppofe
from the goodnefs of the Soil.

XXI. The Times. They begin to flower in
May, and continue flowering till towards the lat-
ter end of June.

XXII. Of their Virtues. Authors are filent
they only ferve as Ornaments for Gardens, Walks,
Houfes, and other places.

1260 Salmon' s Herbal. Lib. 1.

CHAP. DCCXXXVIII.

Of WIND-FLOWERS:

0 R ,

ANEMONES.

I. r~T'HE Karnes. This Plant is called in Greek
JL ’A vt/uuvn, d-fl ra dnfAH, quafi Herb a V entl :
in Latin Anemone-, alfo Hcrba Venti, and Flos
Venti • and in Englifh we call them Anemones and
Wind-Flowers.

We have already in Chap. n. and 14. of this
Work aforegoing, briefly dilcourfed of the Garden
and Wild Kinds of this Plant, not then intending
to make this our Herbal a Florilrgium -, but after-
wards upon fecond Thoughts, confidering how ac-
ceptable it might he to blonlrgifls , to Perfons of
Vitality, Gentlemen and Ladies , whofe Curioficy
might lead them that way, and were very inclina-
ble and Indultrious in improving themlelves in the
Knowledge and Culture of Flowers , we then rel'ol-
ved to make it as ufeful to them as we could j
and therefore in all the following Difcourles, where
we have treated ol Flowers, we have been very care-
ful to give the Curious and Indultrious that way,
if not a plenary Satisfaction •, yet fuch an Intro-
duff ion to the Knowledge and Culture of them , as
we hope may gratifie all the Lovers of thofe ad-
mirable Curiofities. And fo in order to the fame
Refolutions, feeing we had been fo brief in the faid
Chap. 13. and 14. under the Title of Anemones ,
we fhall now plentifully fupply here, what we
were defective in there.

II. The Kinds. There are 1. The Wild Kinds ,
of whics we have already treated in Chap. 14. and
Chrp. 543. aforegoing, of which we fliall fay no
more. 2. The Garden or Manured Kinds , of
which we fhall treat more fully in this Chapter,
and they are, \. Anemone lot t folia florc fimplici ,
Broad Leav’d Anemone Single Flower d. 2. Ane-
mone latifolia flore mulliplici , five flore pleno ,
Broad Leav’d Anemone double Flower’d. 3. Ane-
mone tenuifolia flore fimplici , Narrow Leav’d Ane-
mone Single Flower’d. 4. Anemone tenuifolia
flore duphei , vel florc pleno , Narrow Leav’d Ane-
mone double Flower’d •, of all which in order.
Of each of thefe principal kinds, there are a great
number of Varieties, too many to be fpecified in
this Setfion -, and therefore avoiding that trouble
here, we will give you their feverai and various,
or particular Appellations in Courfe, as they fhall
be Defer ibed.

The "Defcriptions .

I. Of Broad Leav’d Single
ANEMONES.

III. 1. Anemone latifolia flore fimplici -, Broad
Leav’d Anemones with Single Flowers. Its Root
is tuberous, with fome Fibres adjoining to it. Its
Flowers are all Single, with one row of Leaves, and
a hairy Head in the middle, of a color differing
from that of the Leaves. It is of divers forts and

colors, fome bigger, others lelier, fome taller, o-
theis lower*, anti the Flowers are of divers Reds,
Purples, Scarlets, deeper or paler, even to Pink,
or Peach color, white, Silver, or Aflicolox -, fome

Wind-Flower Garden Single.

o

of the heft forts of which, are kept by l/orifls for
their Seed fake, from whence many diverfities are
raifed, and fome Double Flowersas well as Single ;
and of differing colors, as well plain as ltriped.
In all thefe Single Flowers, and fome of thofe lefs
Double, than the Double kinds, the Head in the
middle, after the Flowers are fallen, grows bigger
and full of Down, in which the Seed is endoled,
which mull be carefully gathered as foon as it is
ripe, elfe it will be all blown away with the
Wind. Thefe Single kinds are to be Sown and or-
dered after the fame manner as thofe with the nar-
row Leaves.

IV. 2. Anemone latifolia flore luteo fimplici
Hortenfis : The Garden broad Leav’d Single yel-
low Anemone, or Wind-Flower. Its Root grows
downward into the Ground, diverfly fpread with
Branches here and there, of a brownifh yellow on
the outfide, and whitilh within, fo brittle that it
can hardly be touch’d without breaking. It has
divers broad round Leaves, fomewhat divided, and
indented withal on the edges, brownilh at the firft
rifing out of the Ground, and almolt folded toge-
ther ; and after, of a fad green on the upperfide,
and reddilh underneath. Among which, rife up
fmall Render Stalks, befet at their middle with
two or three Leaves, more cut and divided than
thofe below, with fmall yellow Flowets at their
tops, confiding of ten or twelve Leaves apiece,
having a few yellow Threads in the middle, ltand-
ing round a lmall green Head, which in time grow-
ing ripe, contains fmall flat Seed, enclofed in a
folt Wood or Down, which is eafiiv blown away
with the Wind.

I . ; . A nr-

■ ■. r-*

Chap. 738, EngUjb Herbs. 1261

V. 3. Anemone latijolia Purpurea St c llat a, five
P apavaracea flore flmplici \ The broad Leaved
Single Purple Star Anemone , or Wind-flower.
Its tuberous Root is blackilh on the outfide, and
white within, knobby, with many Fibres growing
from it. Its firlt Leaves, which always lpring up
before Winter, (if the Root be not kept too long
out of the Ground,) are fomething like the Leaves
of Same lc, or Self-Heal ^ but the reft which fol-
low, are more deeply cut in or Jagged. Among
which, rife up divers round Stalks, befet with jag-
ged Leaves , ( as all other Anemones are, ) above
which Leaves, the Stalks rife up about 2 or 3
Inches, bearing one Flower a piece, compofed of
1 2 Leaves or more, narrow and pointed, of a bleak
Purple, or whitifh Alh color, fomewhat fhiningon
the outfide, and of a fine Purple color tending to
a Murry, on the infide, with many blackifh blew
Threads or Thrums in the middle of the Flower,
let about a Head, in which grows the Seed, which
is fmall and black, inclofed in foft VVooll or
Down, which flies away with the Wind, carrying
the Seed with it, if not carefully gathered.

VI. 4. Anemone latifolia flore purpurea Stel-
lata altera flmplici 5 another broad Leav’d Angle
Star Flower’d Purple Anemone or Wind-Flower.
This differs not from the former in Leaf or Flower,
faving that this is of a more pale or dull color on
the outfide, and of a paler purple color on the
infide.

VII. Anemone latifolia Viola purpurea flore
flmplici * broad Leav’d Angle Violet colored Ane-
mone or Wind-Flower. This has but 8 Leaves,
(as many of them which follow have) and is of a
Violet Purple color, whence its Name: Of thele
3 laft forts, there are fome which differ only in ha-
ving white bottoms, fome fmaller and fome larger.

VIII. 6. Anemone latifolia flore flmplici , pur-
purea flriata Broad Leav’d Angle, purple, ftri-
ped Anemone, or Wind - Flower. The Purple is
the fame with the former, but a little paler, tend-
ing more to rednefs, whofe Flowers have many
white Lines and Stripes thro’ the Leaves.

IX. 7. Anemone latifolia flore flmplici Carnea
vivacijflma ^ Broad Leav’d Angle Flower’d, frefli
blufh colored Wind-Flower. Its green Leaves are
fomething larger, and fo is the Flower likewife,
confilting of 8 Leaves, and fometimes of more, of
the color of Carnation Silk , fometimes pale, and
fometimes deeper, with a whitifh Circle about the
bottom of the Leaves ^ which Circle in fome is
larger, and more to be feen than in others, when
the Flower lays it feif open with the heat of the
Sun ; having blewifh Threads in the middle.
This may be called the Carnation Anemone , or
Wind-Flower.

X. 8. Anemone latifolia flore flmplici Perflci
Violacea * The broad Leav’d Gredeline color’d Angle
Wind-Flower. This Gredeline color is between a
Peach color and a Violet.

XI. 9. Anemone latifolia flore flmplici Cochi-
nclle ; Broad Leav’d fingle Cochinele Wind-
Flower. This is of a finereddifh Violet, or Pur-
ple, or Cochinele color.

XII. 10. Anemone latifolia flore flmplici Car-
dinalis : Broad Leav’d fingle Flower’d Cardinal
Wind-Flower. It is of a rich Crimfon red color.
There is another fort of it which is deeper, called
Sanguinea , or Blood red Anemone , but it is not of
fo lively a color : And another called Cramefina ,
called the Crimfon Anemone , which is of an ordi-
nary Crimfon color.

XIII. 11. Anemone latifolia flore flmplici Coc-
iinea •, Broad Leav’d fingle Stamel colored Wind-
Flower. This is near unto a Scarlet color.

XIV. 12. Anemone latifolia flore flmplici in-
carnate 1, Broad Leav’d fingle incarnate Wind-
flower. It is of a fine delay’d red, or Flefh color.
There is another called In.arnata Hifpanica , or
Spanilh Incarnate Wind-Flower, which is of a live-
ly Flefh color, lhadowed with yellow : And ano-
ther caWe&'Rulhflcens, or Blufh Anemone , of a fair
whitifh red.

XV. 13. Anemone latifolia flore flmplici Mof-
chatclla flriata h Broad Leav’d fingle Nutmeg
Wind-Flower. This confifts of 8 Leaves of a dark
whitifh color, ftriped all over with Veins of a fine
blufh color, the bottoms being white.

XVI. 14. Anemone latijolia flore flmplici En-
fumata Broad Leav’d fingle, fmoaky Wind-Flower.

It is of a pale whitifh color, tending to gray, and
is called Monks Gray IVind-Plower.

XVII. 1 5. Anemone latifolia flore Cimplici , five
Pavo major -, The greater Peacock Wind-Flower,
or greater fingle Orange Tawney Anemone. Its
Leaf is fomewhat broader than many, or moll of
the Anemones , coming near unto the Leaf of the
Great double Orange colored Anemone , confilting of
8 large or broad Leaves, very near unto the fame
Orange color which is in the Double Flower, but
fomewhat deeper. There is alfo Pavo minor , or
leffer Orange Tawney Anemone, whofe f lower is
leffer.

XVIII. Kota. There are befides thefe expreffed,
fo great Varieties of mixt colors in the Flowers of
this Broad Leav'd Single kind , arifing every Year
from Sowing of the Seed of fome of the choicelt
for that purpofe, that it is admirable to obferve
as well in the great Variety of Simple colors,
where there is but one only, as in the mixture of
two or three colors in one Flower ^ befides the di-
verfity of the bottoms of the Flowers, fome having
white or yellowifh bottoms, fome having none,
and yet both of the fame color or colors * and
likewife in the Thrums or Threads in the middle.
But the molt admirable Beauty is in the Double
Flowers , which arife from the Seed of the other
Single ones , fome having two or three rows of
Leaves in their Flowers * and fome as thick of
Leaves as a Double Marigold , or Double Crow foot ;
and of the fame feveral colors as are in the Single
Flowers ^ fo that it would be almoft impoflible to
exprefs them all feverally, fome tailing out to be
Double in one Year, which may prove lefs Double
or Single in another * yet very many abiding con-
ftamly Double as at firft.

II. Of Broad Lead'd Double Flower'd
ANEMONES.

XIX. 1. Anemone latifolia maxima verflcolor
vulgaris , Anemone Cbalcedonica maxima verflcolor.
The common broad Leav’d double variable Anemo-
ne or Wind-flower, orgreateft double Wnid-flower
of Conflantinople , by fome called the Spanifh Mari-
gold. Its Root is tuberous, large and thick, of a
blackilh color on the outfide and yellowilh within,
not (hooting out any long (lender Roots as others
do. It fprings up before Winter, with broader and
greener Leaves than any of the former kinds, not
fo much divided or cut in on the edges, yet fo cut
in, as that the edges are folding, feldom lying
fmooth and plain, of a frefher green color than
many which follow, and a little hard in handling,
and therefore ceiled by fome Hard-Leaf ; From a-
m©ng thefe Leaves rife up or.e or two Stalks (fel-
dom more from one Root) having fome Leaves as
bout their middles jagged ( as all the Anemones

1262

Salmon’ s Herbal. Lib. 1

*

have) each Stalk bearing at its top one large Flower
apiece, which is large and double; conlifting of
many narrow, long, (harp pointed Leaves, the
outmolt of which, are broadelt and greenifli at firft,
but afterwards reddifh, with fome ltripes of Orange
Tawney ; the middle Leaves within thefe are
fmaller, and of a red color, or of an Orange
Tawney 5 the innermoft being fmallelt, are wholly
of the lame color, but turned fomewhat inward,
covering the Head or Button, which is ufuai in the
midft of the Flowers of moll ot this kind ; thefe
having no Thrums or Threads in the middle as the
former have, nor bearing any Seed

XX. 2. Anemone l at i folia Chalcedonica altera ,
five Pavo major flore duplici. The great broad
Leav’d double Orange Tawney Wind-flower. The
Root of this is like the former, and its large Leaves
are lo like the laft, that one can hardly diltinguifh
them afunder : The Stalk alfo has fuch like Leaves
upon it, bearing at the top a fair large Flower,
conlifting of many Leaves, let in two or three ol
large round pointed Leaves, of a light Scarlet Orange
Tawney color. Thele Leaves Hand not fo thick
or double as the former, feeming to be but one
thick row, of many final I long Leaves, of an ex-
cellent Crimfon color, wherein Lome yellow is
mixed, which makes that color we call an Orange
Tawny. The bottoms of the Leaves are red, with
a whitifh Circle •, the thrtimmy Head in the middle,
being befet with many dark blackifh Hairs or
Threads. This Flower and the former, are molt
common, and belt known of all the forts of double
broad Leav’d Anemones.

XXI. 2. Anemone latifoliaflore plena cocci neo vari-
egata Anemone CypariJJia : The broad Leav’d double
Anemone, with a Scarlet Flower; the double Cy-
prus Anemone or Wind-flower. Its Root differs
not from either of the former, and has Leaves very
like the laft double Anemone, but not altogether
fo large •, the Flower confifts of fmaller Leaves, and
of color very near unto the laft Double Orange Ane-
mone, but thicker of- Leaves, full as double as the
flrit, alrho’ not fo ’great a Flower, without any
head in the middle, or thrums about it, as in the
laft. Mr. Rea fays, that the Stalk is tall, and that
it bears a gallant large double Flower, of a rich
Scarlet color, and every Leaf thereof finely Itriped
and variegated with white; and that it far fur-
paffes any of the former.

XXII. 4. Anemone latifolia Cacumeni Margini,
five Perfca : The broad Leav’d double Perfian
Wind-flower. It came out of Pcrfia to Conflan-
tinople , and from thence to us. In its Root and
Leaf, it is very like to the former double Anemo-
nes ; only the Flower hereof, is rather like unto the
fecond great double Orange colored Anemone, at
Sett. XX. above, uiual ly called Pavo major fore
plcno ; being compofed of three rows of Leaves,
the outermoll row conlifting of 10 or 12 larger
Leaves ; and thofe more inward, leffer and more
in number, but all of them variably marked with
white, red, and yellow, having their bottoms white.
But inftead of a middle Head with Thrums about
it, as the other has ; this has a few narrow Leaves,
of a deep yellow color in the middle, the Flower
Handing upright.

XXIII. •) . A nemone latifolia fore luteo duplici :
The broad Leav’d double yellow Wind-flower. Its
Root is Tuberous, and like the Root of the tingle *
and has fuch broad round Leaves as the tingle, but
fomewhat larger or ranker. The Stalks are befet
with larger Leaves, more deeply cut in on the edges.
The Flowers are of a more pale yellow, with fome
purplilh Veins on the outfide, and a little round
pointed: but they are all on the infide of a fair

yellow color, conlifting of two rows of Leaves, of
which the innermolf is the narrower, with a fmall
green Head in the middle, encompafled with yellow
Threads, as in the tingle. ' This has little or no
Smell, and fprings up and flowers later than the
tingle kind.

XXIV. 6. Anemone latifolia flore pleno Cocci-
neo : The broad Leav’d double Scarlet colored
Wind-flower. The Leaves are green, but fmaller
than thofe of Pavo major, at Se£f. XX. the Flower
is thick and double, conlifting of many round
pointed narrow long Leaves, which are wholly of
rich Scarlet color. There is Coccinea altera ; a-
nother of this fort of double Scarlet Flowers, the
Leaves whereof are narrow, lharp pointed, and of
a light Scarlet color. And this is that fort, which
is called Super-Rich. There is alfo another which
bears double Flowers, almoft as large as the firft,
which are of the color of Minium , or Red Lead.

XXV. 7. Anemone latifolia flore pleno rubro
The broad Leav’d double red Wind-flower. It has
dark green Leaves, and a fmall double blood-red
Flower, conlifting of many narrow Leaves. And
of this kind there is another like unto it, only the
Leaves of the Flowers are tipt, and a little edg’d
with white.

XXVI. 8. Anemone latifolia flore pleno purpu-
rco variegala : The broad Leav’d double purple
variegated Wind-flower. It differs from the next
following, chiefly in Noblenefs of the Flower,
which is very large, thick, and double, of ah ex-
cellent reddifh Purple color ; and every Leaf there-
of’ lifted about with white.

XXVII. 9. Anemone latifolia flore pleno pur-,
pureo: The broad Leav’d double Purple Wind-
flower. It has broader Leaves than the 7 th afore-
going, and-*of a brownilh green color. The Flower
is fomething larger, and the Leaves thereof not fo
numerous, but broader, of a Murry Purple color.
There are divers forts like unto this, which only
differ in the color of the Flowers-, fome being
deeper, fome lighter, and fome of a pale Purple,
which by long Handing before they fall, almoft
feem white.

XXVIII. lo. Anemone latifolia flore duplici
vari egata : The broad Lea ’d double varioully co-
lor’d Wind-flower. This is almoft like to the firft,
at Sett. XIX. aforegoing; but lefler, whofe Flow-
ers are very thick and double, fome being white, or
whitilh, fome purple, deeper or paler, fome of a
blufh or flefh color, and fome of a reddifh color
tending to Scarlet, or Carnation, with feveral other
varieties not eafy to be Named, which all of them
continue conftant in their feveral appearances or
colors.

III. Of Narrow Leav’d Single

ANEMONES.

XXIX. The Single narrow Leav'd Anemo
are of greater rarety, varity and elfeem, than the
Latifolia s. Formerly we had but few of thefe
Flowers, and fuch as were little worth, but now
of late Years we are become Matters of a great
Variety of them, admirable in their kinds, of di
vers colors, plain, edged, ftriped or marked, Redr,
Scarlets , Purples , Whites , Peach color'd , Rofe co
lor'd , flmple and variegated with While. And
fome others raifed from the Seeds of rhefe, which
produce gallant Double Flowers of feveral colors,
as Red, Scarlet , Purple , &c. both plain and ftriped,
which have more refembled the Flowers of the
Double Latifolia's , than thofe with narrow Leaves

their

Chap. 7^ 8, Unglifh Herbs. 1263

thefe confifting of many fomething broad Leaves,
having no Brufh or Thrum of Leaves, but a fmali
Head or Button in the middle, fome having but
two rows of Leaves, fome three, and fomefo thick
and double, that the Head in the middle is nor to
be feen, until the Flowers fall. And yet thefe
kinds, (efpecially the thinner forts) perfeft their
Seeds, from whence many fine Flowers may be
produced. Thefe are called Hermaphrodites ^ for
that they partake of both kinds, as having the Roots
and Leaves of the Narrow, and the Flowers of the
Broad Leav'd Anemones. •

XXX. In the handling and ordering of the ra-
rer forts of thefe excellent Flowers, fome particu-
lar care is to be taken ^ for if the Soil, Scituation,
Time, and Modus of Planting and taking up, be
not exaftly obferved, the Flowers will neither be
fair, nor will the Roots profper and increafe ^ but
on the contrary rot and confume $ more efpecially
all the beft Double kinds with narrow Leaves ^
but the ordinary, and thofe with Single Flowers,
are more hardy.

XXXI. 1. Anemone tcnuifolia fiore fimplici
vulgaris •, The Common Narrow Leav’d Single
Wind-Flower. Its Root is much bigger than the
Double kind, and apter to increafe, and the green
Leaves are larger, ranker, and more in number
than in the Double kinds. The Stalks are tall, and
bear plentifully fair large blufh colored Flowers,
commonly confilting of one row of broad Leaves,
with a hairy Head or Button in the middle ^ which
after the Flowers are paft, grow big and long,
yielding ftore of fmali flat brown Seed, involved
111 Down.

XXXII. 2. Anemone angufifolia , five Gerani-
folia c&rulea fiore fimplici : Narrow Leav’d blew
fingle Flower’d Anemone or Wind-Flower. The
Root is blackifli without, and extends it felf in
long tuberous pieces, fomewhat like to thofe of the
Broad Anemones. 1 1 fprings not ou t of the Ground,
till the great Winter Frofts be paft, viz. about the
middle of February , when thin cut Leaves come
forth, fomewhat brownifh at their firft appearing ^
but afterwards fpread out into winged green Leaves,
fomething broader than the reft which follow, di-
vided into three parts, and each part into three
Leaves, every one cut in about the edges, one
ftanding aguinft another upon a long llender Foot-
ftalk, and the end-Leaf by it felf. Among thefe,
rife up two or three green Stalks, garnilhed with
fuch like thin Leaves as are fet at the bottom *
from above which rife the Flowers, but upon one
Stalk, confilting of 14 or 15 fmali pale watchet,
or blew Leaves, lefler than any of the Single Kinds
which follow, which encompafs many whitifh
Threads, and a l’mall green Head in the middle,
fomething like the Head of the Wild Crowfoot , in
which is contained fuch like Seed.

XXXIII. 3. Anemone angufti folia, fiore fimplici
alba • Narrow Leav’d white Single Flower Ane-
mone. This is a Species of the laft deferibed, but
with this difference, That the Leaves of this are
not brown at their firft riling, but green ^ and that
the Flowers in this are white, in that blew.

XXXIV. 4. Anemone angufifolia purpurea
vulgaris ^ The common narrow Leav’d Single Purple
Wind-Flower. Its Root is fmaller, and more
fpreading every way into fmali, long, flat, Tube-
rous parts, than any other kinds of Single or Double
Anemones. This is one of the molt common
Wind-Flowers, and therefore leaft regarded it
has many winged Leaves ftanding upon feveral
Stalks, cut and divided into divers Leaves, much
like unto the Leaves of a Carrot. Among which,
rife up Stalks with fome Leaves thereon, (as is

ufual to the whole Family of the Anemones , both
Wild and Manured \) at the tops of which ftand
the Flowers, confifting of fix Leaves commonly,
but fometimes they will have 7 or 8, being very
large, and of a perfect Purple Violec color, very
fair and lively. The middle Head has many black-
ifn Thrums or Threads about it ^ but I never heard
that it was ever found to bear Seed.

XXXV. 5. Anemone angufifolia fiore fimplici^
Carnea pallida : Narrow Leav’d Single, pale Blufh
colored Wind-Flower. This in irs Hoot and Leaf
is like the former, but the Flower is nothing fo
large, but is whitifh tending to a Blufh color, and
of a deeper Blufh towards the bottom of the Flow-
er, with blackifli blew Thrums in the middle, ne-
ver being obferved to give Seed.

_ XXX VI. 6. Anemone tcnuifolia fiore fimplici ,
Carnea yirida unguibufquc alb is : Narrow Leav’d
Single lively Blufh colored Wind-Flower, with
white bottoms. This is like the laft in Leaf and
Flower, but that the Flower of this is larger, and
its Nails or bottoms are white.

XXXVIJ. 7. Anemone angufifolia fiore fim-
plicr, alba venis purpuris : Narrow Leav’d Single
white Anemone, with Purple Veins. This is a lel-
fer Flower than the other, and being white, has
Purple colored Veins and Stripes running through
every Leaf

XXXVIII. 8. Anemone tcnuifolia Coccinea
fimplex •, thin Leav’d fingle Scarlet Anemone. Its
Root is tuberous, but confifting of thicker pieces,
fomewhat like unto the Roots of the broad Leav’d
Anemones , but fomewhat brown, and not fo black,
moft like unto the Root of the Double Scarlet Ane-
mone. The Leaves are fomething like unto the
former, but a little broader, and not fo finely cut
and divided -, the Flower confifts of fix reafonable
large Leaves, of an excellent bright Red or Scarlet
color : the bottoms of the Leaves are large and
white, and the Thrums or Threads in the middle,
of a blackifh Purple color.

XXXIX. 9 . Anemone tenu folia fimplex Coc-
cinea abfque unguibus ; Narrow, or thin Leav’d
fingle Scarlet colored Wind-Flower. This is very
near to the color of the laft deferibed, and without
any white bottom in its Leaves.

XL. 10. Anemone tenu folia fimplex fiore Ho-
lofericeo: thin Leav’d fingle Crimfon Velvet Wind-
Flower. This has as large a Flower as any of the
Single Kinds, and is of an Orient deep red Crim-
fon Velvet color.

XLI. 1 1. Anemone tenui folia fimplex fiore
Sanguinea $ thin Leav’d fingle Blood red Wind-
Flower. This is of a deeper red color than the
former, to wit of a deep Blood red. And there is
fiore rubra fundo luteo , another fort of the Same
Blood red, with a yellow bottom.

XLII. 12. Anemone tenu folia fimplex Coccinea
dilution -, thin Leav’d fingle bright Crimfon colo-
red Wind-Flower. Irs Flower has fome Leaves
round pointed, and others fharp pointed 5 and it is
of a perfeft Crimfon color, fome lighter or more
diluted, fome more red than others.

XLIII. 13. Anemone tcnuifolia fimplex alba
Staminibus purpureis \ thin Leav’d fingle white
Flower’d Anemone. Its Flower is pure white,
with blewilh Purple Thrums in the middle. And
there is one of this fiore alba venis Carncis ,
which has blufh Veins running through every one
of its white Leaves. Alfo another white Flower’d,
unguibus purpureis , which has the bottoms of all
its white Leaves of a purple color.

XLIV. 14. Anemone tenu folia fimplex fiore
Carnea. Hi/panica", Thin Leav’d fingle Spanifh blufh
Wind-Flower This has a very great Hower, of a

kind

1 264 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. 1.

kind of dead, dull, or fuller, blufh color, but yet
pleafant,. with blewifh Thrums or Threads in the

middle.

XLV. 15. Anemone tenuifolia /implex purpu-
rafcens ■, thin Leav’d Angle pale Purple colored
Wind-flower. This confifts of many fmall nar-
row Leaves, of a pale Purple or Blulh color on
the outfide, and fomewhat deeper on theinfide.

XLVI. 1 6. Anemone tenuifolia /implex bade
Somi florum -, thin Leav’d Angle Apple f lower’d
Anemone. This in its Root and Leaf is like unto
the Artt Scarlet Anemone , but its flower confifts
of feven large Leaves, without any bottoms, of a
whitecolor, having edges, and fome large Stripes
alfo of a Carnation or Flefti color to be l'een in
them, marked fomewhat like an Apple Bloflom,
and thereupon it is called in Latine, Anemone tenu-
ij olia fimplex alba infer facie Eouii llorum.

IV. thill or narrow Lea'll' d double flow-
er’d ANEMONES.

XL V II. 1. Anemone tenuifolia jlorc pleno ru-
bro vulgaris : Common narrow Leav’d double red
Wind-Aower. Its Roots are thick and tuberous,
fomething refembling lmall Races of Ginger, of a
yellowilh brown color, and neither fo big nor fo
black, as thofe of the other kind with broad Leaves.

It has many winged Leaves, divided into many
and feveral Branches, each Leaf being cut and part-
ed into many diviAons, imaller, and more divided
than thofe of Parlly, and fome of them like thofe
of a Carrot. Among which rifes up one, two, or
more Stalks, according to the bignefs of the Root,
with fome fmall green Leaves about the middle of
each of them, and bearing at the top, one great
double flower, conAlting of 6 or 7, and fometimes
of more, broad outer Leaves, of a deep red color,
having in the middle a large Thrum of fmall
Leaves, of a lighter and much paler red color.
Out of the middle of which, comes many larger
and broader Leaves, of a lighter red than the out-
ward Leaves, and deeper than thofe of the Thrum,
which warmed by the Sun, fpread themfe'lves over
it. ...

XLVDI. 2. Anemone tenuifolia flore Coccineo
pleno vulgaris : Common narrow Leav’d double
Scarlet Wind-flower. Its Root is tuberous and
thick, very like 10 the Root of Angle Scarlet Ane-
mone : And its Leaves are very like to the fame,
but not lo fmall cut and divided, as that with the
purple flower. The Flower when it Arft opens it
feif, conAlfs of 6, and fometimes of 7 or 8 broad
Leaves, of a deep red, or excellent Scarlet color,
the middle head being thick clofed, and of a green-
ifh color, which after the flower has flood blown
fome rime, does gather colors, and opens it felf
into many fmall Leaves, very thick, of a more
pale red color , and more Stamel like than the
Leaves.

XL1X. 3. Anemone tenuifolia flore pleno verfi-
color : The narrow Leav’d double variable Wind-
flower, or double Apple-bloflom. It is in all
things like the Arft (at Se£t. 47.) but only in the
color of the flowers, which in this, will be of a
pale blulh color, the tops of the Leaves almoft
white, and the bottoms Peach color. And fome-
times the flower will be red like the Arft, but
ftriped and variegated, with pale blufh, almoft
white, and fometimes without any marking at all.
All thefe diverfities are found in this one kind, all
proceeding from one Root.

L. 4. Anemone tenuifolia fiore Coccineo fatit-
ro pleno The Double Carnation Velvet Wind-
Flower. Its Flower is of a deep Orange Tawney
Crimfon, near unto the color of the outer Leaves
of the trench or African Marigold , and not differ-
ing from the next following in any thing elfe.

LI. y. Anemone tenuifolia fiore Coccineo pleno
variegata : the Parti - colored Double Crimfon
Wind-Flower. This varies not neither in its Root,
Leaf, or form of its Flower, from the fecond at
(Sell. XLVII1.) but in the color, in that this will
have fometimes the outer broad Leaves parti-colo-
red, with whitifti or blufti colored great Streaks in
the red Leaves both infide and outftde -, as alfo
divers of the middle ot inner Leaves, ftriped in
the fame manner. Its Root gives fairer Flowers
in fome Years than in others ; and fometimes gives
flowers all red again.

LII. 6. Anemone tenuifolia Elegantior fiore
pleno rubro. Narrow Leav’d more Elegant Double
red Wind-Flower. Its Root is as great and thick
as that of the Common Red , but flatter, and more
fpreading chan it. It has narrower and more di-
vided Leaves than any of the former ; the Stalk is
taller, and the outer Leaves of the flower more in
number, and (harper pointed, of a good Crimfon
color the Thrum in the middle is of a pale red,
out of whole middle comes other Leaves, large and
fpreading themfelves almoft quite over the Flower,
of a deeper color than the Thrum. Many times
two Flowers will be joined together on one Stalk,
which happens more frequently than in any other.

LII I. 7. Anemone tenuifolia fiore pleno fuave
rubente : The Greater Double Blufh Wind-Flower.
There is almoft no difference in the Roots or Leaves
of this, from the Common Double Scarlet Anemone ,
(at Sell. XLVII1.) faving that the Leaves hereof
are a little broader, and feem to be of a little
freftier green color. The Flower of this is as large
almoft, and as double ; and the inner Leaves like-
wife almoft as large as they, being of a whitifh or
ftefh color at their Arft opening ; but afterwards
become of a molt lively blufti color -. rhe bottoms
of the Leaves abiding of a deeper blufli ; and with
long Handing, the tops of the Leaves will turn
almoft white again.

L1V. 8. Anemone tenuifolia flore plenoCoccineo.
Narrow leav’d double Scarlet Anemone, or Wind-
Flower. This is like that at Set}. LII. above, but
that the Stalks grow not fo high, and the Flowers
are fomething ftnaller, which are thick and double,
and of an excellent rich Scarlet color, ufually cal-
led the Incarnadine de Spain.

LV. 9. Anemone tenuifolia flore pleno Coccineo
variegata coma albefcente : Narrow leav’d double

Scarlet variegated Wind-Flower, with a whitifh
middle or thrum. This is in all things like the
laft, but only in the color of the Flower, which in
this is of the fame Scarlet color, but finely ftriped
and marked with white and the Thrum feeming
to be almoftall white. Sometimes alfo, thebroad-
et Leaves will come out of the middle thereof, of
a bright Scarlet ftriped with white, like unto the
outer leaves.

LVI. 10. Anemone tenuifolia flore pleno coma
Scarlato : Narrow leav’d double Scarlet thrumed
Wind-flower. This differs from the laft, in that
the outer leaves hereof are white, and the Thrum
is of a Scarlet color.

LVII. it. Anemone tenuifolia flore pleno, dilla
Kacara : Narrow leav’d double Wind-flower,
called Nacara. This is like unto the Scarlet ; fa
ving that the Flower is of a deeper and yellower
Scarier color, refembling that of the leffer trench,

cs

Chap. 738. TLngliJh Herbs . 1165

or African Marigold , but not fo deep: the Thrum
is inclining to an Orange color.

LVIII. 12. Anemone florc pleno Sulpmtreo :
Narrow leav’d double Sulphur colored Wind, flower.
This differs from the laft, in that the outer leaves
of the Flower are of a pale greenilh yellow, or
Brimftone-like color; and the Thrum more green.

LIX. 13. Anemone tenuijolia fiore pleno mrt-
iante : Narrow leav’d double green Wind-flower.
This is like the laft, faving that the outer leaves are
of a greenilh Orange tawney color, and the middle
Thrum of a yellowilh green.

LX. 14. Anemone tenuifolia flore plena am
major ■ Greater narrow leav’d double white Wind-
flower. This differs little either in the green leaves,
or falhion of the Flower, from the former being
as large and double as any of them, and of a Milk
white color. „ , „

LXI 15- Anemone tenuijolia flore plena am
maxima : the Greateft Narrow leav’d double white
Wind-flower. This in falhion is like the hrft, but
much larger, and fairer, and of a pure white color.

LX II. 1 6. Anemone tenuijolia flore pie no am
minor : The leffer narrow leav’d double white
Wind-Flower. It bears a fmall double Snow
white Flower, having fix outer leaves, and a thrum
in the middle made of fmall hairy leaves, Handing
even at the top, as if they had been dipt with a
pair of Sciffars. -r, „ i iu-

I XIII 17- Anemone tenuifolia flore pleno albi-

cante : Narrow leav’d double blulll Wind-flower.
This differs very little from the laft, but only in
the color of the Flower ; for they are both much
about the lame bignefs ; the middle Thrum like-
wife being as fmall and fhort, and as even above,
as if it was (horn fo ; only the Flower at firlt open-
ing ;s almoft white ; but afterwards the outer leave
have a more Ihew of blulh in them, and the middle
part a little deeper than they.

LXIV. iK. Anemone tenuijolia florc pleno pur-
purea Violaceo : Narrow leav’d double Purple
Wind-flower. This double Purple Anemone , is
of the fame kindred with the Double Scarlet , at
Sett. XLV11I. aforegoing, having the fame form
and doublenefs of the Flower, confiding but of fix
or feven leaves at the moft (in our Country, tho
in the hotter Climates, it has 10, 12, or more as
large leaves) for the outer Border and as large
fmall leaves for the inner and middle alio, and al-
moft as double, but of a deep Purple, tending to
a Violet color -, the outer leaves being not lo deep
as the inner. Its Root and Leaf comes near to
the Single Purple Anemone before deferibed, but its
Root {breads not fo much.

LXV. 19* Anemone tenuijolia florc pie no put-
pureo Ceruleo : Narrow Leav’d double blew Wind-
Flower. This differs not in any thing front the
former double Purple ; but only that this Flower
is paler, and more tending to a blew color.

I XVI 20. Anemone tenuijolia flore pleno
Columbine : Narrow leav’d double blulh Columbine
Wind-flower. It has a larger Flower than any of
the former, the outer Leaves being long and broad :
the Thrum is compofed of Ihort narrow Leaves,
putting forth a great Tuft of longer and broader
Leaves, which fpread over the Flower a mo t to
the points of the outer Leaves. The whole Flow-
er is of a blulh or ttefh color, like to chat which
is Teen in the Flowers Columbines, whence came

theTXVlI at. Anemone tenuifolia flore pleno
Rofeo : Narrow leav’d double Role colored Wind-
flower. It has taller Flowers than the aft, but

very thick and double, of a more lively color, like

that of a new blown Damask Rofe. It difters in

nothing from the Columbine Anemone, at Sett.
66. above, but only in the Flower, which is
fomething fmaller, and not fo thick and double as
that is $ this being of a reddifii color, near to the
color of a pale red Rofe, dr of d deep colored
Damask.

LXVIII. 22. Anemone tenuijolia flore pleno
Rofeo variegata : Narrow leav’d double variegated
Rofe colored Wind-flower. This differs from the
la A only in this, that the Flowers hereof are Ari-
ped and variegated with white, efpecially in the
outward Leaves.

LXIX. 23. Anemone tenuifolia fiore pleno Car-
neo Vivacijflmo : Narrow leav’d double Carnation
Wind-flower. This in its Root, Leaf and Flower,
comes nearefl to the former double white Anemo-
ne, at Sett. 62. above: in refpett to the magni-
tude and duplicity of the Flower ^ and in the
fmallnefs of the middle Thrums, and their even-
nefs at the Tops: it is not fo large and great a
Flower as the Double Purple, at Sett. 64. either
in its inner or outer Leaves, but yet it is very fair,
thick and double, and of a molt lively Carnation
Silk color, very deep both the outer Leaves, and
middle Thrums j and withal fo bright, that as
well as it delights the Mind of the beholder, fo it
1 fills it with a kind of amazement, by reafon of
its excellent appearance : Yet by long Handing in
the Sun, it grows paler, and fo paffes away, as do
all the other Beauties of this kind.

LXX. 24. Anemone tenuifolia florc pleno ru-
bante maculato ■ Narrow leav’d double fpotted
blufh colored Wind-flower. It rifes up with a
tall Stalk bearing a large Flower : the outer Leaves
whereof are almofl white, marked with fmall red-
difli fpots and marks, efpecially on the outer fide.
The Thrum is large and thick, compofed of many
long narrow, lharp pointed Leaves, of a reddifli
or Peach color, poudered with fmall fpecks of a
deeper red color. This is called by thofe who
brought it out of Flanders , The Perfeff Court izan.

LXXI. 2 5 . Anemone tenuijolia flore rubrofi ufco
pleno coma Amarantina : Narrow leav’d double
purple Velvet Flower. It is in all things like to
the double Carnation, at Sett. 69. above, but
fomething larger. The difference confifls chiefly
in the color of the Flower ^ which in this is of a
deep or fad Crimfon red color, for the outer
Leaves and of a deep purple Velvet color in the
middle Thrums, refembling the color of the leffer
Amaranthus purpureus , or purple Flower-Gentle,
(from whence it took its Name:) which middle
Thrum is as fine and fmall, and as even at its top,
as the double white or Carnation Anemones, at
Sett. 62. and 69. aforegoing.

LXX1I. 16. Anemone tenuifolia flore pleno tri-
color : Narrow leav’d double three colored Velvet
Wind-flower. This is very like the lafl deferibed ;
faving, that in the middle of the purple Thrums,
there comes forth a tuft of Threads or Leaves, of
a more light Crimfon color.

LXXIII. 27. Anemone tenuifolia fiore pleno
pur pureo : Narrow leav’d double purple Wind-
flower. It comes up with green Leaves common-
ly before Winter, and many times with Flowers 5
and therefore for the prevention of fuch forward-
nefs, the Roots are to be kept out of the Ground,
and not to be fet till November , which caufes them
to bear the fairer Flowers in the Spring following,
which will be very large, thick, and double, of a
fad dark Violet purple color.

LXX IV. 28. Anemone tenuijolia flore pleno
Lavcndult colore ; Narrow leav’d double Lavender
colored Wind-flower. It is in all things like the
la A, but the Flower is leffer, and of a pale heavy
7 X blew

12 66 Salmon j Herbal . Lib. I

blew color, like unto . the Flowers of Lavender :
there is alfo another of this fort, which is ftriped
with white, efpecially the outer Leaves of the
Flower.

LXXV. 29. Anemone tenuifolia fiore pleno
C&ruleo : Narrow leav’d double blew Wind-flower.
It is in its fafhion or form like the laft, differing
only in the color of the Flower, which in this, is
of a fine bright blew color , more delightful to
the Eye than any of the Purple Anemones.

LXXV1. 50. Anemone tenuifolia fiore pleno
coma Purpurea : Narrow leav’d double Wind-flower,
with a Purple Thrum. This differs chiefly from
the other Purples in the color of the Flower, the
outer leaves of this being white, and the Plufh or
Thrum, of a beautiful Purple : this Flower by
reafon of its excellency, is called The PerfeS in
Beauty.

LXXVII. 31. Anemone tenuifolia fiore pleno
coma Amarantina'. Narrow. leav’d double Wind-
flower with a dark Purple Thrum, called Amarant.
It has broad green leaves as the fitft common Red,
(at Sell. XLV11.) and the Flower is of the fame
fafhion ; the outer leaves of fuch a red color, and
the middle Thrum of a dark Murry Purple color,
like the Flower of the lefier Amarantbus Purpu-
reas, and therefore called the Amarant Anemone.
Sometimes there will come a Tuft of bright red
Leaves out of the middle of the Purple Thrum,
and then fome have called fuch Flowers Amaran-
tbus tricolor , as if it were a diftinEl Kind, which
in fome Years happens in moff Flowers, and in
other Years few or none.

LXXVIII. 32. Anemone tenuifolia flare pleno
coma Amarantina variegata : Narrow leav’d double
variegated Amarant Wind-flower. This is in all
things like the laft, fave only the outer leaves, and
thofe which come out of the middle of the Purple
Thrum, are variegated with white, much fairer in
lome Years than in others. There are two forts of
this Flower, one from Flanders , another from
Paris , the latter being the better, as more con-
Itantly marked, and more diftinftly than the
Fletniih.

LXXIX. 33. Anemone tenuifolia fiore pleno
quinqttc colons : Narrow leav’d double Wind-flower
of five colors. It is like the Amarant , but that
the Stalk is taller, and the Flower larger : the outer
leavesare red, theThrut'n of a deep Murry Purple,
out of whofe middle comes one or two rows of
leaves, of a light Crimfon color from the ends
half way, and the reft a pale yellow : in the mid-
dle of thefe leaves, comes forth a fmail Tuft of
(hotter leaves, of a pale Silver color. This is an
uncertain Flower, and does not often come well.

LXXX. 34. Anemone tenuifolia fiore pleno
Purpureo nigrefeente : Narrow leav’d double dark
Purple Wind-flower. It has fair large Flowers,
of a dark Purplifh color, finely ftriped with white;
its Roots are tender, and apt to perilh, unlefs the
Soil be very agreeable, as all the other Narrow
Leav’d Jlrtped Anemones are.

Befides thefe Thirty Four, Mr. Rea has given us
brief Notices of DiftinFtion of half a Hundred
more, called by particular Names, and that in an
Alphabetical Order, which that you might not
want the Knowledge of, we (hall here exhibit
them to you in the following Eighteen Settions.

LXXXl. Albonoife : white, with a little Car-
nation in the bottoms of the Leaves and Thrum.
Albertine , or Pafs Scala , Flefh color with Carna-
tion. Angelica, white Leaves, and a pale grede-
line Thrum. Afian, white and Carnation Leaves,
with a Scarlet and white Thrum. AJlrea, white
and Carnation. Augujline, white and Carnation
Leaves, with a Scarlet Thrum.

LX XX II. Boulonoife : white leaves with Car-
nation bottoms ; the Thrum white Carnation and
Limon. Briote, white and Carnation leaves, the
Thrum all Carnation. Bugie , it is an ill White
mixt with Carnation.

LXXXI1I. Candiote : Gray leaves with Carna-
tion bottoms, and Thrum Carnation tipt with a
greenilh Hair color. Cazerluen , the leaves Criffi-
ibn, bordered with a yellow Brimltone color, and
the Thrum deep Scarlet. Celejhne , the leaves
white, and the Thrum white tipt with Limon.
Celide, the leaves white and Carnation, the Thrum
Rofe color. Clitia, it confilts of Blulii, or Flelh
color and Carnation.

LXXXIV. Lamafinc : Carnation and White
perfectly marked. Dorifmene, the leaves are Car-
nation and white, and the Thrum of a redddh
color.

LXXXV. Extravagant : Its Leaf is variegated
with white, red and green colors ; its Thrum be-
ing of a ftrange form.

LXXXVI. Gabriel: It has white leaves, and a
Thrum green, mixed with White and Carnation.
Gallipoli of Tbolouze ; the whole Flower is all
Scarlet and White. Gayetane, the firli Flowers
are white and Purple, the latter Dove color and
Peach.

LXXXVII. Herejfee : Its leaves are of a Crim-
fon color, fometimes marked with white, and the
Thrum is Scarlet.

LXXX VIII. Jolivet, the leaves are Flelh color
and Crimfon, and the Thrum of a Brick color.
Judique , the leaves are of a Blulh or Flelh color
and Carnation, and the Thrum reddilh. Juliane ,
the leaves are a Carnation and White, and the
Thrum Carnation color only.

LXXXIX. Limofme, it is very much like
to the Extravagant , at Se£F. LXXXV. aforego-
ing. _ Lidnoife , the outer leaves and the Ruff
within, are of a whicifh Gray, with Dove-colored
bottoms ; and the Thrum is Dove color ript with
green.

XC, M antuane, the leaves are Limon color
with Carnation bottoms. Melidore, the leaves are
a deep Scarlet with white bottoms. Mcteline, the
leaves are all of a dirty Gray, mixt with Green
and Carnation. Morcfque, the Flower is all gray
mixt with Carnation. AXorette, the leaves are of
a Blulh or Flelh color, and the Thrum white tipt
with red. r

XCI. Natolia, the leaves are Carnation and
White, and the Thrum the lame. Noiron, its
leaves are of a Crimfon color, and the Thrum
Crimfon and almoft black.

XCII. Oriental, its leaves are of an unufual
color, viz. a blew Gray, much like the color of
our Common Slates with which they cover Houfes.

XCIH. Parifien , It has white leaves with red
bottoms, and the Thrum is Limon color, which
at laft is almoft white. Parmefan , its leaves are
white with red bottoms, and the Thrum is a mix-
ture of Rofe color, Carnation, and light Hair color.
Picard or Juno, the Flower is all white, and
Peach color. Provinfallec , the whole Flower
throughout is Green and Peach color.

XCIV. §>uatri Color , or Amarantbe Regale, it
is of four forts, viz. 1. One with Crimfon leaves
ftript with White, and its Thrum a fad Murry,
with a red Tuft in the middle. 2. One with Crim-
fon leaves, a fad Murry Thrum, and a Scarlet
Tuft tipt with white. 3. One with white leaves
mixt with fome Crimfon, its Thrum Murry, and’
its Tuft in the middle Carnation. 4. One with
Crimfon leaves well ftrip’d with white, the Thrum
Murry, and the Tuft Carnation.

XCV. Regate :

Chap. 7 3 8. ‘Englijb Herbs 4

267

XCV. Regate, the whole, both Leaves and
Thrum, are a well mark’d Flower with Crimfon
and White.

XCVL Saint Charles , the Leaves are of art ill
or poor white, with red bottoms. Scala, its Leaves
are alfo of a dirty white, and its Thrum Scarlet.
Sermonetta, the whole Flower is all Scarlet and a
pale yellow. Scirien , its Leaves are a pale lfabel-
la , clouded with Blufti or Flefh color, and the
Thrum is a light Green fo clouded.

XCVII. ToJ'cana -, The whole Flower is of a
faded Red, iometimes mixed with a little Hair
color. Torquoije The whole Flower, both its
Leaves and Thrum are White, but the bottoms of
the Leaves are Carnation.

XCVIIL Valerius j Its Leaves are of a Blufti or
Flefti color mixt with Carnation * and its Thrum
Hair color and Carnation. Thefe Anemones , with
many orhers not here named, are all fine Narrow
Leav'd Double Flowers, notably differing from each
other, and thrive very well in our Gardens.

Befides all thefe, many more Varieties may be
produced by the Sowing the Seed of fome of the
bell Single ones, not poftible to be accounted for,
of which any one may make Tryals at pleafure •,
what we have further to do, is to (hew the manner
and way of Sowing and Planting them, and the
managing and ordering them to the belt advantage.

^CULTURE

I. Of the F repaving the Earth.

XCIX. In the managing of the rarer forts of
rhefe Beautiful Flow'ers, very great Care is to be
taken, that the Soil or Earth, Scituation or Place,
Time or Seafon, and the way and manner of their
Planting and taking up , be exaflly obferved *
otherwife your Flowers will neither be fair, nor
the Roots profper and increafe, but rather rot and
confume away ^ efpecially all the beft Double Kinds
of the Tenui folia's the ordinary Flowers, and

Single Flower’d, are more hardy.

C. The Soil is then firft to be confidered, which
mult be Fat and Rich, and not too light * a Rich
Sandy Loam Earth is Paid to be beft, in which
fome Neats and Sheeps Dung, with a little Lime
has been tempered, and lain long on a heap, and
often turn’d over, to that the Dung be fully rotted,
and well mixed with the Earth which being firft
Sifted thro’ a Wier Sieve or Skreen, you may
then make a Bed thereof half a Yard deep at leatt,
in fome place which is not in too hot a Sun, but a
little ftiadowed.

Cl. Or, make five equal Heaps of yellow Sand,
three others as large of Kitchen Garden Earth, and
four others of Bed - Mould well mellowed * then
mix them altogether with a Shovel ^ make as much
of this Earth as you fhall haveoccafion for, which
let be a Year old before you ufe it ; during which
time, pafs it once every Month thro’ a Skreen,
that it may thereby be throughly mixed and per-
fefted, left its too Subtil parts (which might hurt
the Beauty of your Flowers) (hould be retained,
which by this means will in fome meafure vanifh.

CII. But if you cannot well ftay fo long as a
Year for the well fitting your Earth or Mould, you
may then provide the Earth as in the former Setti-
on, and after a Months time ufe it for the firft
time * but then you ought always to have a good
quantity more of it in referve, ready prepared as
aforefaid, a Year before hand. The more this

Earth pafles thro’ the Skreen, the lighter it will be,
and more agreeable to the Nature of Anemones.

CIII. Before this Artificial or made Earth be
laid upon the Natural Soil of your Garden, the
Ground ought to be before-hand prepared. If the
Earth of your Garden be naturally light and fandy,
or Gravelly, you need do no more but dig it up,
and cover it about half a Foot thick with this your
Artificial Mould j but if your Garden Ground is
Wet or Moift, (both which are Inimical to thefe
Flowers) you muft dig the Bed you defign for thefe
Flowers, and take out about a Foot and half deep
of the Earth, and then fill up the hollow Capacity
thereof, with a Compound of half Sand and half
Artificial Mould ^ in which you fhall Plant yout
Anemones as fhall anon be direfled.

CIV. Inftead of Mould, you may make yout
Beds of rotten Herbs, Leaves and the like, which
mixed as is before direfled, and part feveral times
thro’ the Skreen, will make a Compofi or Earth, as
fit for Anemones as can be defired $ which you may
lay upon your Compartments or Beds, after it has
been well Sifted or Skreen’d.

II. Of the Times of Planting of

ANEMONES .

CV. The beft Seafon for Planting Anemones, is
from the middle of September to the middle of
OQober but if you have a mind to have them in
Flower a great part of the Year, you muft Plant
them in March and April, but you are not to ex-
pe£l fuch fair Produ&ions from thefe laft as
from the firft , where the Sap has had a prima-
ry advantage. %

CVI. And this feems to be Rarkinfon' s Secret,
to teach us how we may fo order Anemones , that
after all others are commonly paft, we may have
them in Flower for 2 or 3 Months longer than they
are otherwife to be feen. The ordinary time (fays
he) to Plant Anemones, is in Augufi, which will
have Flowers, fome per chance before Winter, but
molt commonly in February, March and April,
few or none of them abiding until May • but if you
will keep fome Roots out of the Ground unplanted,
until February , March and April, Planting fome
at one time, fome at another, you will have them
bear Flowers according to their Planting.

CVII. Thofe (fays he) which you Plant in Fe-
bruary, will Flower about the middle or end of
May, and fo the reft accordingly after that manner.
And thus you may have the pleafure of thofe Plants
out of their Natural Seafons, which is not permit-
ted to be enjoyed in any other Flower that 1 know
of ^ Nature being not fo prone to be furthered by
Art in other Plants as in this.

CVIII. But this is to be obferved, that when you
keep your Roots out of the Ground for this pur-
pole, that you muft be very careful in laying them
up and preserving them-, that you keep them nei-
ther too dry nor too moift, that they may neither
fprout nor rott j and then in Planting them, that
you fet them not in too open or Sunny a Place, but
where they may be a little ftiadowed.

CIX. The Latif olia's are generally Planted ear-
lieft or firft, as in Auguft and in September. The
Angufhf olia's or Tenuifolia's , are ever Planted af-
ter them, later in the Year, being kept out of the
Ground (in fome proper dry place) till the end of
Otfober , and the Purples a Month longer, and then
fet in the fame manner as the others. The Lati-
f olid's or Broad Leav’d, will come up before Win-
ter. The Anguflifolia's or Tenuifolia% the Nar
Y 2 row-

1268 Salmon' s Herbal. Lib. 1.

row Leav’d, about the end of February or (boner,
if the Winter is mild, otherwife in Match or April.
If the Seafon is dry, they ought to be Watered,
which will caufe them to thrive much the better,
and to bear the timer Flowers.

III. Of the manner of Planting
ANEMONES.

CX. The Beds or other places being prepared,
and made even and fmooth with the Rake ^ take
a Cord, and extending it long- ways, draw a Rill,
or littie hollow Line or Gutter, from one end of
the Bed to the other : This done, extend your
Cord, and do in like manner again, a fecond,
thirdJ and a fourth time, or more, according to
the bredth of your Bed, at $ Inches diftance,
(Mr. Rea fays 6 or 8 Inches) afunder from each
other.

CXI. This done, take up your Cord again, and
place it in like manner, to draw Rills or Gutters
crofs all thefe Beds from one end to the other,
and all of them equally at the aforenamed diftance,
of y, 6, or Benches, by which means you will
form a regular oblong Parallelogram ■, ' in which,
either in the middle pf each -Square, or in the
points where the Lines crofs one another, you are
to Plant your Anemone Roots, which being at an
equal diftance-, they will when they come to blow
give you a lingular pleasure, which will arife from
their great variety of colors, and their regular or-
der of Planting.

CXII. When you are a gping to Plant the
Roots, make a hole fot every one of them with
your Finger, or an Iron made for that purpofe ^
which let not be above 3 Inches deep in ,the
Ground, and place the Root Always upon the lar-
geft fide of it, with the (lit downwards, to the end
that th z Pabulum, or nouri filing Juice, may rife di-
re£Uy into the Root, to caufe it .to fpring, fo as
to anfwer your Expe&ations.

CXIII. Or as Mr. Rea fays, put the Root into
the hole with that fide of it upwards, where you
perceive fmall Eminencies to put forth Leaves.
The La 1 iff i Aft and Augu ft i folios^ or Tenuifolio s,
are all of them to be handled in the fame manner,
only differing, in the Times of their Setting or
Planting, as we have (hewn in Sett. 109. afore-
going

ffXIV’. Anemones are not Planted in open
Grounds, v but they are fometimes put into Pots,
one or two or more' Roots into each Pot, (accord-
ing to the magnitufle of the Pot) and this becaufe,
that if any of the Roots fhould chance to fail,
there may be found in thefe Pots wherewithal
to fill up the vacancies.

CXV. This failure (if any be) will be percei-
ved about three Weeks after you have put your
Roots into the Ground, and which does not al-
ways proceed from a corrupted Root •, but fome-
times is occafioned by the Fabulum or Sap’s not
rifing fo kindly as it ought : You are ever to look
for fuch a Root in lefs than a Month -, and you
will fometimes find them in your Pots alfo, as
well as in your Beds.

CXVI. The Flowers require to be Planted in an
open place, and by no means in a fhady : becaufe,
fending forth a great many fibrous Threads or
Strings, and large tufts of Leaves, they would be
apt to fpend themfelves too much, if fo placed -,
and fo caufe a weaknefs in their Stems, and hazard
their proving Abortive, or otherwife to yield but
a very few Flowers. And the Stalk being thus

tender, would certainly be killed by the Cold,
which they would be too fufceptible of in this cafe j
or elfe be broken with the Wind, which would do
a great damage to the Root it felf.

CXVII. If the Autumn be dry, you muft take
care to Water them well : but contrariwife, if ic
Rains very much, you muft then defend them from
too much moifture, (which agrees not With them)
with skreens of Straw. They may be water’d
from the Month of February, to the times of their
Flowering , which how much, or how often it is
to be done, experience only muft cell you.

CXVIII. Tho’ Cold is no mortal Enemy to them •,
yet when it happens to be very fevere, the Plants
ought to be covered with long dry Dung, or -long
Straw : and your Pots ought to be alfo Planted or
Placed, where they may be moft fate from the
Weather.

CXIX. Then again when the Wearher grows
mild, you may uncover them ^ but withal, you
muft be fure to cover them again, if it changes ro
be Cold again. In fum, your prudence and expe-
rience mutt excite your induftry, and diretf you,
when, how often, and long, you muft beftow this
trouble upon them.

CXX. If at any Seafon of Planting or Setting
your Roots, you put a little Willow Earth under
and over the Roots, it will caufe them foon to
pur forth Fibres j and thereby make them able to
abide or endure the Winter. Yet inFroft and hard
Weathqr, ft will be good to cover them which are
fprung up (as aforefaid) with Mats orPeate Straw,
which you may take off for two or three hours,
every other day, ftt fair, and the Sun ftiines, and
there be no nipping North, NorthEaft, or Eaftwardly
Winds) to give them Air, and prevent Mouldinefs
(which is apt to happen to them, and) which has
been the ruin and deftru£lion of many a fine
Plant, from which you might have expected very
admirable Flowers.

IV. Of Chafing Plants for Seed.

CXX I. There is fome fpecial choice to be
made of fuch Flowers whofe Seed is fitteft to be
taken: of the Latifolias , the double Orange
Tawny Seed being Sown, yield many pleafant va-
rieties i but the Purples, Reds, or Crimfons, whe-
ther Lai if olio's or Tenuif olio's , yield (mail or few
varieties, but fuch chiefly as draw neareft their
Original, tho’ it may chance thap fome may be a
little deeper or lighter than others.

CXXII. But the light colors are thofe, which
are tp bechofen for. this purpofe ^ as White, Afh-
color, Blulh or Carnation, light Orange, fimple
or parti- colored, fingle or double, (if they bear
Seed, as fometimes they do.) Thefe are they
whole Seed you are carefully to gather, but not
before it is throughly ripe,, which you may know
by the head.

CXXIII. For when the Seed with its Wooli-
nefs begins to rife a little of it felf at the lower
end, it muft then be quickly gathered, left the
Wind carry it all away. After it is thus carefully
faved, it muft be laid to dry for a Week or more,
which then being gently rubbed with a little dry
Sand or Earth, it will caufe the Seed to be.fome-
what better feparated, altho’ nor throughly, from
the Woolinefs or Down which encompafles it.

CXXIV. If there remains any Woolinels in the
Seed,, pull it afunder as well as y.ou can, that they
may be perfe&ly feparated , for unlels this be
done, it will be- impoffibte to Sow them in that

due

Chap. 738. ‘Englifb Herbs. 1269

due order, which the Nature and Quality of this
Plant requires. . _

CXXV. For the railing of new Varieties oi
Anemones from Seed, choice muft be made of the
Flowers (as Mr. Rea fays) as in Tulips -, fome of
the Double Lat if olio’s bring Seeds, the richeft Scar-
lets, paleft Purples, Pink colored, While add Sky
colored are the belt. ,

CXXVI. But in the Single AngufUfolids , or
Tenuif olio’s , there is more choice \ as Red and
Scarlets with deep white edges-, ail that are vari-
egated or ftriped with White-, and in thefe, the
deepeft Velvet Purples are the beft : But above all
others, thole which have 2 or 3 Rows of Leaves,
and that excellent Single Velvet Blew , are chiefly
to be prefer’d.

CXXV1I. In (hort, to have good Seed, you
ought to pitch upon Single Anemones which have
ftrong Stalks, and proportioned in height to the
largenefs of the Flower, and which have long and
round Leaves, for thefe kinds of Flowers never
degenerate -, and therefore it may be in a manner
certain, that if Nature, the Seafon, and the Soil
favour us, they will give us a produce of very fine
Flowers-

V. Of Sowing the Seed.

CXXVIIL The Seeds of thefe Flowers will be
ready to be gathered in /J%, which muft be done
as the Down riles, elfe they will be all blown a-
way ^ and having gathered all your Seed, dryed
and cleared them from their Down, as dire&ed at
Sell. CXXIII. above, or by mixing with them a
fufficient quantity of dry fine Sifted Earth, and in
a Bowl, Trey or Bafon, ftirring and mixing them
with your Fingers fo long, till none of the white
Down appears j you are then (not to ftay till Au-
gufl as fome French Gardiners direff,) but to Sow
them about a Month after as Parkinfon advifes,' or
not exceeding 6 Weeks, or the middle of July at
molt, as Mr. Rea fays.

CXXIX. Then be fure the Earth in which you
Sowf them be good, and finely Sifted, and let the
Ground be made into Beds as before direfted, or
put into Boxes or Pots, if you defign them : This
Ground muft not be a too ftiff Clay, nor too light
a Sand -, but if not fit for the Durpofe, it muft be
prepared, and may be compounded thus. The Clay
Earth is to be mixed with Brook Sand and Pearl
Sand , and good ftefh fat Earth , taken from next
under the Turf of fome good Paflure , winch with
fome old Neats Dung well rotted to Earthy and
fome Lime , are to be well mixed together , and be-
ing dry , to be often Sifted or Skreerid over , that
the Mould may be made very fine.

CXXX. With this Mould thus prepared, you
may make Beds, (fc. as aforefaid -, upon which you
are to Sow your Seed reafonably thin, and not too
thick ; (fo alfo in Boxes or Pots,) let the top of
the Bed, Etc. be firft made very plain and fmooth,
then your Seed being Sown upon the fame, gently
ltrew or Sift over them, fome fine good frefh
Mould, covering them about an Inch thick at molt
for the firft time.

CXXXL About a Month after their firft Spring-
ing up, ftrew or Sift over them again another Inch
thicknefs of fine Earth ■, and in the mean time, if
the Weather proves dry, you muft Water them
gently and often, but not to overglut them with
moifture. And thus doing, you will have them
Spring up before Winter, and grow pretty ftrong,
able to abide the (harp Seafon in this their fo ten-
der Age -, efpecially if you take a little care to co-

ver them loofely with fome Ream, Straw, Peafe-
Straw, Hay or the like, which muft not lye dole
upon them, nor yet too far off', being laid over
them upon Sticks.

CXXX II. But in your Sowing the Seed, tho’
you are not to Sow them too thick, yet you ought
not to err on the other Hand neither, in Sowing
them too thin, becaufe many of them may mil-
carry, and nevei Spring up, which being covered
as aforefaid, about an Inch thick with fine Sifted
rich Earth, and fo to be farther ordered as in the
former Settion , will not fail to anfwer your Ex-
pectations.

GXXXIII. Some in Sowing the Seed, do it
after this manner, (the Bed being before hand pre-
pared) they take the Seed and put it into a Leather
Bag, and doling up the whole, fo as only three
Fingers may enter in, you may prefs the Bag with
one Hand, and Jerk, or a little Ihake it with the
other, fo will the Seed fpring out * infuch a man-
ner as it ought to be Sown, moving the Bag up and
down over the Bed, both long ways and crols ways,
that each part may have its fhare of Seed.

CXXXIV. Which done, and fine Earth being
Sifted over it as aforefaid, immediately , ftrew the
whole Bed thinly over with long Straw, and forth-
with Water it with a Watering-Pot, which let be
pretty confiderable, but afterwards lefs; becaufe
too great a Quantity of Water would rot the Seed,
and fo totally deftroy it.

CXXXV. After 15 or 20 days, take off this
thin ftrewed Straw. It may be the Seed may be-
gin to fprout in that fpace of time, or fooner :
but if they Ihoot not for 5 or 6 Weeks time, be
not concern’d , for they may yet grow well
enough.

CXXXVI. The French Gardiners fay, that if
the Seed be well Sown, and great care be taken
in Cultivating it, that you will not fail of Flow-
ers in Marcbjkt flowing^ or in April at fartheft -,
becaufe irTfune, when the Stalks begin to wither,
and their Roots are dilplanted, the Bed where
they are is to be digg’d thro’ three Inches deep,
and the Earth as foon as it is calf up, to be laid
upon a Linnen Cloth or Canvafs, till fuch time
as the hole be dug, which is then to be crumbled,
and fifted, or fearc’d on a hollow Bed, till fuch
time as there remains above Ground only the
Fangs of thefe young Anemones, which are then
called Peas, becaufe they refemble that Pulfe in
form and magnitude.

CXXXVII. Parkinfon fays, the Seed being thus
ordered, that the Plants will bear Flowers the fe-
cond Year after Sowing -, and moft or all of them
the third Year, if the place where you Sow them
be not annoy’d with Smoak of Breweis, Dyers,
Malt Kilns, or other inconveniencies, which if
they be, they will never thrive well.

CXXX VIII. Mr. Rea in his Flora, , page. 128.
fays, that fome report that they have had Anemo-
nes bear Flowers the next Year, and others, the
fecond Year after Sowing.' But I (fays he) can
expeff few or none that, are good before the
third Year , and many will not bear until the
fourth Year. But the agreeablenefs and goodnefs
of the Earth and Air, for bringing them forwards
is moft confiderable ^ therefore you ought to be ’
fure to make it as rich (for the kind) and as good
as you can, taking heed of not putting or mixing
with the Mould too much Dung.

CXXXIX. Thefe Peafe aforenamed, at Sell
136. above, being gathered, are to be carried and
kept in a dry place, as carefully as poflibly may
be till September next, when (new Beds being
1 made for Planting Anemony Roots J they are to

bs

1270 Salmons Herbal. Lib. L

bc Replanted, after the method before prefcri-
bed.

C.LX. This way of Multiplying Anemone a, is
as it were a Nurfery, where Nature from (ingle
Flowers which were Sown, gives double ones, ac-
cording as (he is pleafed to Aft. When the fa-
vourable chance does fo happen, you ought to fet
a mark of didinflion on fuch as deferve it ; to the
end, that in the third Year when you take them
up, you may put them in Beds by themfelves.

VI. Of the taking up the Roots.

CXLI. Wukinfnn fays, that the next Spring af-
ter Sowing, you may if you will remove them ;
but he alfo fays, that it is better to Itay till Auguji,
and then make the Remove, when you may fet
them in order by Rows, with fufficient didance one
from another, as is before direfted ; where they
may abide until you lee what manner of Flower
each Plant will have, which you may afterwards
better difpofe of according to your Mind.

CXL1I. As to the Anemones raifed from the
Planting of their Roots, if they like their Entertain-
ment grow Strong, bear fair Flowers'on tall Stalks,
and ptofper well, you may forbear to take up their
Roots until the end of June or July. But on the
contrary, if the green Leaves are few, the Stalks
(hort, and the Flowers (mall, it is a manifelt fign
of their dillike, and that the Soil is too cold and
poor, or elfe too hot and rank, which is tar more
dangerous.

CXLIII. In this cafe, they mull betaken upas
foon as the green Leaves turn yellow, and the Roots
are to be put into Sand, and fo kept in Lome dry
place for a Month at lead, and then taken out
and put into Papers, in fome cool dry place, until
the time of Re-planting : For lhould they remain
in the Ground any time after they have loll their
F ibres, the Earth being unfuitable, they would all or
molt of them rot and confume away, efpecially if
any Itore of Rain fhould fall upon them.

CXLIV. In taking up their Roots, you mull
take care that they be not broken, efpecially the
Lot if olia's ; which mud not be divided not broken,
until they part of themfelves. The AnguRifo/ia's
or Tenuifoha' s, may be broken or parted with lefs
prejudice-, but the wholer they are kept, the bet-
ter they will thrive.

CXLV. And tho’ the Times mentioned in fome
of the former Seflions, be belt for planting or
fetting th.efe Roots, of both kinds of the more
excellent and rare of thefe Flowers , yet the mote
ordinary kinds, may be kept out of the Ground
till the end of February, which fome do, to caufe
them to dower late, after the other finer and rarer
kinds are gone.

CXLVI. In this cafe, it will be good to deep
thefe long kept Roots 24 hours in warm Water,
before you Plant or Set" them : and then to Plant
them with fome Willow Earth under and over
them, and in a more (hady place than ordinary ;
becaufe the heat of the Sun, in the time of their
flowering, will much diminilh their beautiful ap-
pearance.

CXLVII. If then you have two Beds flored
with choice varieties of Anemones, let the latter
which are Set, be more (hady than the firdj;
and lb gradually as they are later in Planting :
and then if the aforementioned Rules be obfeived,
you will be fure to have admirable Flowers in part
of March, and all April, and the greatefl part of
May ; unlefs your Garden dand in fome Smoaky

or ill natured place, where neither Art nor In-
duftry can make them ptofper ; unlefs they be Set
in a hot Bed, as fome in and about London com-
monly do.

VII. Of the Choice of Plants and
Flowers.

. CXLI HI. The Beauty of this Flower confids
in itslargenefs, roundnefs, and fine colors, to which
in the double kind add its duplicity compleat ;
efpecially with its great Leaves, exceeding a little
the bignefs of its Tuft : and the extremities of its
larged Leaves are round, as well as thofe of its
Stalks, which ought to be large and not narrow.

CXLIX. That is a fine Plant whofe Stem is
proportioned in height to the largenefs of its
Flower, and is drong enough to bear it up with-
out bending : alfo when its Leaves are curl’d, its
Tuft low and bufhy, reprefenting a kind of du-
p'd0 ; and withal has a great many Stalks or
Flowers.

CL. Its Pointel in the middle ought to appear
a little, and be as it were upon a level, with
Leaves of the Flower, of an indifferent thicknefs,
for if it is too thick it is a defefl ; and it ought
to be alfo of fomething a different color, from
the great Leaves and the Tuft.

CLI. There are fome Anemones which are apt
to (hoot up into height, fo that indead of Flowers,
they only produce Leaves ; and this comes from
having fuch a great number of produflions on e-
very fide, which draw away the fucculent and nu-
tritive Juices and Salt of the Earth. This great
abundance of Leaves you mud reflify, by clearing
the Plants of fuch as are fuperfluous, whereby
the red of the Plant receiving fo much the more
of that fucculent Nutriment, will make it the
better to produce its Flowers.

CLII. If the Anemones (hould grow mouldy at
that part of the Root from which they (hoot,
(which is their Olded part) give them a fillip
with your Finger on that part, and if they found
hollow, ot have little holes therein ; then you
may take a Knife and pare away that decayed parr
to the quick, fmoothing the place uheie you
make the Incifion, for tear that if any holeflicuild
remain, fome of t£e putridity may lutk behind,
which may make the Root fall into the fame Di(-
eafe again * which when the decayed part is cut
quite away, new Roots will (hoot forth, which
will give you Flowers in great abundance.

CL11I. In doing this work, many Roots or feg-
ments of Roots you may cut off ; thefe you
ought not to throw away, but to Re-plant them
again ; for many times thofe off cuts being Re-
planted, will admirably revive, grow drong, and
bear very good Flowers.

CLIV. But in the Roots where you have made
the Incifion, fo foon as ever they are dry, you
mud rub them in the wounded place with a mix-
ture of melted Rofin and Wax, which being well
fixed on them, will hinder them from farther cor-
rupting.

CLV. And as it is to be obferv’d, that the Seed
only, or chiefly of the Single Anemones, bring forth
Double ones , fo the Double Anemones feldom or
never multiply, but by the Fangs of their Roots,
which are conflant in their produflion, and never
Found to degenetate.

CLVI. We have given you the Names of the
principal kinds of above four fcore various forts of
thefe Flowers; and ’tis poffible, there are an
hundred other forts, with Names impofed upon

them,

Chap. 7^9. Unglijh Herbs. 1271

them, which indeed can fignify very little to in-
fert here, being given them purely from Whimfie,
Fancy, and Fantafticalnefs, many of which, when
the Flowers Die, their Names Die with them :
for which reafon we forbear, thinking it fufficient
what is already faid, and that we have given you
enough Signs andManifefto’s todifcover and know
all fuch, as you are to fet a good value and efti-
mation upon.

CLVII. What remains, has relation to their
Qualities, Specification , Preparations and Virtues -,
but they being the fame with the moll vulgar and
Common Anemones , of which we have treated in
Chap. XIII. and Chap. XIV. aforegoing, we fhall
fay no more in this place, but will refer you
thither.

CHAP. DCCXXXIX.

Of W I N T E R - G R E E N.

I .r~T*HE Karnes, It was unknown to the Greeks-,
JL and is called by the Latines Pyrola (a fo-
liorum Pyri arboris, tf florum ctiam fimilitudine )
from its likenefs to the Leaves and Flowers alfo ot
the Pear-Tree : in Englilh, Winter-Green.

II. The Kinds. Authors have made many Spe-
cies of this Plant, molt of which ate perfett
Strangers to us, we (hall only take notice of theft
two, viz. 1. Pyrola nojlras vulgaris ; Pyrola vul-
gatior : Our common Winter-Green. 2. Pyrola
Europea AIJines flore ; Herba Trientalis Cordi ;
Alfine A/pinaSclmcnkfe/dij ; Alfinantbemos Thalij ,
i. e. Alfines F Vos : European Winter-Green with
Chickweed Flowers.

Winter-Green.

The Descriptions.

III. The Firft, or our Common Winter-Green.
Its Root k / lender , [mall, creeping , compatt of ma-
ny fmall Fibres , or thready Strings • jrom which
foot forth 7 or 8, or 9 Leaves , fan ding on a long
foot Stalk , which arc a/mofi ns broad Of long ,
round pointed , of a fad green color , hard in hand-
ling , and feme thing like to a Pear-Tree Leaf ,
(whence the ICame) or as fome will have it like to
the fmall Leaves of Wild Beets-, whence comes forth
for the mofi part but one (but fome times two)
f ender zoeak Stalks , yet fianding upright , bearing
at the Top many fmall white Flowers , f fuelling as
fweet as thofe of the Lilly Co nv ally, laid open like
a Star , con fifing of 7 round pointed Leaves , with
many yellowifi) Threads in the middle about a green
head , and a long f ile with them , which in time
grows to be the Seed Veffel , which zvhen it is ripe ,
is quinqu angu l ar? or five ftded , with a fmall point,
at it, in which is contained Seed as fmall as duji

n felf

IV. The Second, or Winter-Green with Chick-
weed Flowers. Its Root is made of many fmall Fi-
bres, proceeding from a fmall round head. It rifes
up with one or more, fir ait round Stalks , 6, 7, or
8 inches high, almofi bare of Leaves for a fpace
next to the Root or at mofi with but 2 or 3 very
fmall Leaves, fet one a little above another : but
at the top thereof grows $, 6, 7, or 8 Leaves ,
fomething long , and pointed at their ends, feme-
thing like to a Pear Tree Leaf, but longer and not
fo round being many of them an Inch and half
long or more, tender, fmooth , green, having one
middle Rib, with divers Veins in the Leaf, finely
dented about the edges : From among which Leaves,
rife up weak foot Stalks, rather than Stalks , about
? inches long , fuftaining % or 4 Flowers, each by
it felf, made of fix white pointed Leaves apiece ,
Star fafhion, fomething like a Chickweed Flower,
but larger with feveral fmall yellowifh Threads
in the middle -, which bring pa ft, there comes in
place a fmall round head, J' matter than a Coriander
Seed, containing within it divers fmall black Seed,
covered with a thin white Skin.

V. The Places. The firft grows in feveral of the
Northern Parts of England, as Lancafhire, Torkfhire,
and in other places farther North, and in a place
called Crag-Clofe-, and in the Woods in Scotland,
almoft every where, but rarely in Fields. The
fecond in the Woods in Germany, in divers places ;
as alfo in the Beech wood in Scotland, as Bauhinus
fays, and likewife on the Mountains in Wales.

VI. The Times. They both grow Winter and
Summer, and Flower in the Months ©f June and

July- •

VII. The Qualities. They are Cold in the fe-
cond degree, and dry in the third ; Abfterfive,
Aftringent, and Vulnerary.

VIII. The Specification. The firft which is only
or chiefly ufed, as it is exceedingly Aftringent
and Glutinous withal, fo it is a fpeedy Cure for
Green Wounds ; as alfo for all inward Wounds
and Bleedings : it ftops all Fluxes of the Belly,
whether of Blood or Humors, the Bleeding of
Wounds, and the overflowing of the Terms in
Women: It alfo Cures old running Sores, putrid
Ulcers, Fiftula’s, and the like.

IX. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1 . A Liquid Juice. 2. A DecoUwn in Wine
and Water. 3. A Balf am or Ointment. 4. A Ca-
taplafm of the Green Herb. 5. A Diflilled Water.
6. The Ponder offthe Herb.

The

Salmon3 s Herbal.

The Virtues.

X. T he Liquid Juice. It confolidates Green
Wounds, uniting their Lips fpeedily together ; and
taken inwardly 2 or 3 Spoonfuls at a time in Wine
and Water, it Hops inward Fluxes of Blood, and
Cures inward Wounds: it Hops the overflowing of
the Terms in Women, Cures Spitting and Vomit-
ing of Blood, the Hepatick Flux, Bloody Flux,
and all other Fluxes of the Bowels. It is faid to
Cure Ulcers and Wounds in the Reins and Blad-
der, Womb, arftl other fccret parts, as alfo Ulcers
and Filfula s in any other part of the Body, being
inwardly taken and outwardly applyed : not being
inferior to Agrimony , Avens , Betony , Burnet ,
Comfry , Deifies, Golden Rod , Horfetail. , Knot-
grafs , Ladies Mantle , Moufe Ear , Madder Roots ,
Periwinkle , Sanic/e, Torment il, or other Herbs of
like kind.

XI- The Vecoffion in Wine and Water. It has
all the former Virtues, but not altogether fo pow-
erful-, and may be given Morning and Night,
from 3 Ounces to 6, fweetned with Syrup of the
Juice of the fame. It heals inward Ulcers in the
Reins and Bladder, and hinders Inhumations, be-
ing fomented upon any part affefted.

XII. The Balfam or Ointment. It is made with
Hogs Lard, or with Oil Olive, Bees Wax, and a
little Turpentine. It heals all manner of Wounds,
and Sores : the Germans ufe it very much, and
extol it beyond any other Balfam made of a fimple
Herb. It is no lefs helpful for foul Ulcers and
Filtula’s, hard to be Cured in what part of the
Body foever, and heals Cankers of the Mouth and
Gums.

XIII. The Cataphjm of the Green Herb. It is
Aftringent and Glutinous withal, and a fingular re-
medy to be prefently applyed to fimple Green
Wounds, to confolidate them. It alfo gives eafe
in the Gout, and abates the Tumor.

XIV. The Dif tiled Water. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Juice and Decoftion, but much infe-
rior in Virtues and EfFetls ; and therefore may be
uled as a Vehicle to convey the other Medicines
down in. But it may be given of it felf for the
fame purpofes from 4 to 6 Ounces, fweetned with
Syrup of Comfrey, or Syrup of fome of the other
Confolidatives.

XV. The Pouder of the Herb and flowers. It
may be given for all the fame purpofes in the
DecoUion, Diftilled Water, or fome proper Syrup,
or in Honey, from 2 Scruples to a Dram, or Dram
and half, Morning and Night.

T be Defcriptioiis.

III. The Firft, or our Common Manured Woad.
Its Root is white and long , growing downwards : it

Woad Garden.

Woad Garden.

has

Chap. 740.

has divers large, long , and Something broad. Leaves,
not much unlike to thofe of Ribwort Plant ane, but
larger , thicker , and of a darker blewifh green colot.
from among which rife up, one or twoftrong Stalks
3 or 4 Feet high , and J ome times more, with divers
fuel) Leaves Jet thereon, but fmaller as they ap-
proach up to the top-, where they fpread them f elves
out into many Branches: at the ends whereof grow
[mail yellow Flowers -, in whofe places come long
flattifh Cods or Pods like Tongues, black when they
are ripe, and pendulous, or hanging downwards
wherein lye the Seed, which if it be a little chewed
or broken with moiflure , will give a blew color.

IV. The Second, orWiidWoad. It is very like
unto the former, in its Root, Stalks, Leaves, man-
ner and fajhion of growing, faving that the Stalk is

Woad Wild.

(tenderer, tenderer , and browner, the Leaves lef-
Jer, and the Husks or Cods not fo great, and nar-
rower, and the whole Plant fmaller.

V. The Places. The Manured Woad is Sown
in Gardens , and whole Fields are Sown with it
in England , Prance , Germany , Italy, and Spain,
as alio in the Illands of T erceras, belonging to
Spain. The Wild in Fields andllntill’d Places in
England, Germany , &c. where the Manured has
been Sown.

VI. The Times. They Flower in June and July,

and the Seed is late Ripe, viz. in September or
Ollober. .

VII. The Qualities. The Manured Woad
is hot in the firlt Degree, and dry in the fecond,
bitter withal, but not (harp. The Wild is as hot,
but more drying, viz. in the third Degree, and is
more fharp and biting, exceeding the Manured in
all its properties : they are Abfterfive, Aflttngent,
and Vulnerary.

VIII. The Specification. It is good againlt the
Obltruftion, Pain, and Tumor of the Spleen ; and
is proper for the Cure of limple Green Wounds,
and Ulcers.

IX. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, viz. from the Herb, 1. A Liquid Juice.
2. A Decoition in Wine or Water. 5. A Balfam.
4. A Dfii/led Water. 5. A Ponder of the Herb.

The Virtues.

X. The Liquid Juice. Ir is binding and very
drying, refills Putrefaction, Hops Bleedings ot all
forts, whether inward or outward, by rhe Mouth,
Nofe, Fundament, or private Parts ; and therefore
is profirable to flop the overflowing ol the Terms
and Loches in Women : uled to Green Wounds, it
fodders up their Lips and quickly heals them ; and
is no lefs profitable to cleanfe and correct the pu-
tridity and malignity of old running Sores, and
eating Ulcers, rebellious Filtula’s, pernicious Can-
cers, and the like, being outwardly applyed and
inwardly taken, from 1 Spoonful to 6, (according
to the Advice of the Phyfician) Morning and
Nighr, mixt with a little Wine, or Wine and
Water, or other fit Vehicle; and fo taken, it is
good to open the Spleen, eafe its Pain, and to dif-
cufs all hot Tumors thereof.

XL The Decoffion in Wine. It has all the for-
mer Virtues, tho’ not altogether fo powerful, and
therefore may be taken Morning and Night, from
y to 6 Ounces ; and outwardly applyed to fimple
Green Wounds, old running Sores, foul Ulcers
and Fiftula’s, to wafh and foment them therewith,
it Abfterges or cleanfes, and induces their healing :
but particularly helps the hsrdneis of the Spleen
being Drank, and the Region thereof being alfo
fomented therewith.

XII. The Balfam. It is of lingular ufe (being
applyed) for the Curing of fimple Green Wounds,
and cleaniing, incarnating, drying and healing, of
old running Sores, malign and putrid Ulcers, and
rebellious biftula’s, (Jc.

XIII. The Dfii/led Water. It has all the Vir-
tues of the Juice or Decoftion ; but as it is much
weaker, fo it mull be taken in much greater quan-
tities, and is belt to be ufed mixed with either
the Juice or Decoction.

XIV. The Pouder of the Herb. It may be given
from half a Dram to a Dram, Morning and Even-
ing in a Glafs of Wine, or Wine mixed with the
Diltilled Water, or in the DecoUion aforementi-
oned, to all the putpofes faid. It is good againlt
the Bloody-Flux, as alfo all other Fluxes of the
Belly, or Defluxions of Humors upon any parr,
vehement Catarrhs, and the like.

XV. The DecoHion in Water. It is ufed by
Dyers to Dye Cloth, Wooll, Yam, Hfc. of a blew
color, by Boiling the matter to be Dyed therein.

OZ-WOODROOF:

0 R,

WOODRO WEL; Common ,
Blew, and Breah^Stone.

It

iii

■

1274 Salmon/ Herbal Lib. L

II. The Kinds. Thofe which are molt known to
us, are the three following, viz. 1. Afperula Do-
don.ti & Lobc/ij -, Afperula odor at a C/ufj -, Afper-
gul: odor it a nop r as Fence ■, Aparine Sylveftris
(ju<:dam Cvrdi -, Rubio Sylveftris alia minor Gefneri
lie p mica St e! Lit a Tabernxmontani -, Our Com-
mon Woodroof. 2. AJpcruLi £ lore Ccerule a Dodo-
n.ei , Comer an'] -, Lobclij & Lugdunenfis -, Afpcrula
Cxrulca arvenfis Baubini Woodroof with a Blew
Hower. 3. Af pernio repens , Juncaria Salmati-
cenfis Clujij -, Synanchicce Species Lugdunenfis -,
Juncaria Taber memontani -, Rubia linifolia afpera
Baubini , Small Break-Stone Woodroof, or Wood-
roof Stone-Break.

T/ae Descriptions.

III. The firft, or our Common Woodroof. J/j-
Roo/ and creeps under Ground, and Jhoots up
nevo Stalks round ab >nt it every where. It fends
forth fcveral fpuare Stalks half a Root high or more ,

Woodroof Common.

jail of Joints , and every Joint , 7 or 8 fair green
f Lining Leaves , broader than thofe of Clavers <9/*
Goofe-Grafs, //? <7 manner fmooth , <?/* but little
rough at all. At the tops of the Stalks , ft and 4 or
5 white fwcet Smelling Flowers , 0/ 5 Leaves

apiece , /off o/wz 7/4’t’ a S/or o//or which, comes
fmall round Seed , o 7/7 r7o rough, or cleaving to
whatfoever it touches.

IV. The fecond, or Woodroof with a blew
Flower. i/r Roo/ w fmall , fomevohat yellowifh and
Fibrous , perifhing every Tear. It 1ms feldom more
than one round Stalk arifing from its Root , fet full
o/" Joints , at every one of which ftand feveral
fmall and fomething long green Leaves encompajjing
it, not fo fmooth and green as the former -, which
fpreads it fe/f out into fmall Branches , from the
bottom almoft up to the top, fet with the like Leaves,
but f mailer -, where the Flowers ft and 3 or 4 toge-

ther, each upon a fmall Footftalk, which are of the
fame Magnitude with the former , or rather fome-
thing lejs, and of a fair blcwifh Fur pie color,

Woodroof Blew Flower’d.

Woodroof Break-Stone.

■ ■ — — - — — k

Chap. 742. ‘Englijh Beds. 1 2 7 5

V. The third, or fmaU Stone-Break Woodroof.
Its Root is white and thready : It is a very Jmall
Riant, growing upright, with Square, rough, rujh-
like Bunches, Spreading it felf out 'n,° ™a"?
f mall Divisions, almoft like unto an Horfe-Tail,
full of Joints , with two Leaves, and Sometimes
more at a Joint, Somewhat long and narrow like

unto Line or Flax, but rough. At the tops of the
Branches come forth many f mall white Flowers. Jet
in Spikes, and 4 or 5 Ji ending upon a jhort Foot-
[talk together , which ftand in rough Husks, in
which is contained the Seed, which is black and

The Places. The firft is found growing Wild
in the Woods in Germany -, but both firft and fecond
are Planted and Nurft up with us in Gardens. 1 he
third Cluftus fays grows about Salamanttca i n Spain
but P arkinfon fays he found it on the right hand
of Bradford- Bridge, at the lower end of Grays-Inn
hone near London , by the Water Couife which
pafles along there ; and lor that reafon, may pof-
fibly be found in many other pans ol this Kingdom

hel\{L The Times. The two- fitft Flower about
May and their Seed ripens in the mean Seafon,
while they ate in Flower, or prefently alter. The
third Flowers in the end of Summer, the Seed
ripening in fome fmall time following.

Vlil T he Qualities. Woodroof is temperate in
rel'pect of heat or cold, drynefs or moiliure and
is very like in Qualities to our Ladtes-Bedftraw.
They are Aperitive, Abfterfive and Vulnerary, Car-
diack and Hepatick, cheating the Heart, and ma-
king it merry. The Break-Stone Woodroof is tem-
perate aifo, hot and dry in the firft degree Aperi-
tive, Abfterfive, opens Obftruftions of the Bowels,

is Diuretick and Nephritick.

IX The Specification. The Woodroof. s chear
the Heart, refill Melancholy, make a Man light-
fom and pleafant, and induce the Curing of Wounds.
T he Breaidhne opens ObftruQions of the Urinary
Paflages, provokes Urine powerfully, and gives
eafe in the Strangury, and is an excellent thing tor
that Difeafe in the Throat called a ^injie.

X. The Preparations. From the Woodroof you
may have, i. A Liquid Juice. 2. Anlnjufion or
Decoition in Wine. 3. ACataplafm. 4. A Diji ti-
led Water. From the Break-Stone you have,
1 A Liquid Juice. 2. A Decoition in Water or
Wine where Note, that of the Woodroojs , the
tirft is only or chiefly ufed.

The Virtues.

laid to difcufs hard Tumors, and to heal Simple
green Wounds in any parr. .

XIV. The Diflillcd Water of Woodroof. It is
effectual for all the purpofes aforefaid, and may
be given alone, ( Dulcified with Syrup of Citrons ,
either of Juice or Peels) from 4 Ounces to 8 ^ or
it may be ufed as a Vehicle for other things.

XV. The Liquid Juice of Break-Stone. Given
from an Ounce to 3 Ounces, in White Port Wine,
ormixtwith Parfley or Hydropiper Water, it po-
tently opens all Obftruflions of the Urinary paf-
fages, expels Sand, Gravel, Stones, andTartarous
Mucilage out of the Reins and Bladder. And be-
ing ufed vehemently hot , it helps fuch as are
troubled with the Quinfie, the Throat being gargled
therewith, and outwardly Bathed very hot upon
the afflifted parts ^ Stuphs alfo wet therein being
applyed very hot thereto.

XVI. The Decoilion of Break-Stone in Wine.
It has all the Virtues of the Juice, but by reafon
it is not full out fo lfrong, it muft be taken in a
larger Dofe, as from a quarter of a Pin», to half a
Pint, againlt Difeafes of the Urinary parts. And
Quin fie s muff be often Gargarifed therewith, as
hot as can well be endured.

XI. The Liquid Juice ojk Woodroof. If it he
Clarified, it may be given from 1 Spoonful to 2 or
3 at a time, againft Hypochondriack Melancholy,
and Paffions of the Heart, for it very much chears
the Heart and revives both Vital and Animal
Spirits, making the Patient merry. It ftrengthens
die Stomach, and redifies its depraved. Tone j
caufes Appetite, and is good againlt Naufeoufnefs
•and Vomiting. It is both a Prefervative and Cu-
rative of the Plague, and is good againft all kinds
of Malign and Peftilential Difeafes.

XII. The Infufwn or Decothon of Woodroof in

ll’, tie They have all the former Virtues, but not

altogether lb powerful, but admirably open Ob-
ftruttions of Liver, Spleen and Mefentery ■, pre-
ferving the Vital and Animal Spirits irom Intetti-
on and the power of any Contagious Difeafe.

XIII. The Cataplafitt of Woodroof. It is made
at the green Herb bruifed. Being applyed, it is

CHAP. DCCXLII.
O/WOLFS-BANE Deadly.

I.r-p HE Names. The Arabians call it Chanach
1 Adip, or Adtb, (i.e. Stranglatorem Lupit)
in Greek 'Ak ouins : in Latin Aconitum, Luparia •,
as alfo LycoUonon, and Cynotlonon, (becaufe it
kills both Woolves and Dogs:) in EngUlh Woolfs-
Bane. , _ r

II. The Kinds. Authors make many forts ot
this Plant, we fliall treat only of the Principal,
fuch as we Plant and Nurfe up in our Gardens,
viz. 1. Aconitum Hymeale -• The Winter Woolis-
bane. 2. Aconitum Hymeale fiore pallido : Pale
Flower’d Winter Woolfs-bane. 3. Aconitum lute-
urn ponticum prtecox 1 The earlier whitilh Woolfs-
bane. 4. Aconitum florc albtio feminism Ponti-
cum, Aconitum primum florc albido Gefneri : Late
Flowering Woolfs-bane. 5* Aconitum Lycouonum
fore Delphinij majus Silefiacum Clufij Aconitum
fore Delphinij Camerarij •, Aconitum Ctrulcum
aliud Gefneri Aconitum Caruleum hirjutum, fiore
Confclid£ regalis Bauhini : The greater Woolfs-
bane with Larks heel Flowers. 6. Aconitum fiore
Delphinij minus , Dodonfii & Lobelij Aconitum
LycoUonum C£ruleum majus Dalechawpij •, Aconi-
tum quantum Jilatthioli \ Aconitum C£i ulcum gin-

. 1 „ r f 7 . Tlnshirti • flnpl

l U7H quin m , — , “

brum fiore confolid£ regalis Bauhini : The finer
Leav’d, or letter Woolfs-bane, with Larks heel
Flowers.

T be Defcriptions.

III. The Firft, or Winter Woolfs-bane. Its Root
is Tuberous, fo like both for Jhapc and color unto
Anemone Roots, that they may caftly deceive One
not well vers’d in them \ but that this Is browner and
Smoother without , and yellow within , if it is cut or
broken. This little Plant thrufts up divers Leaves
oftentimes in the deep of Winter in January, if
the weather is any thing mild, but mft commonly
after the deep and long Profit, bearing up many
J ‘ , 7 o time c

127 6 Salmon s Herbal. Lib. 1.

times the Snow upon the heads of the Leaves •
which , like unto the Anemones , do every Leaf rife
from the Root , fever al jhort foot Stalks , /zo/

above 4 Lingers high , having Flowers in the

middle of them , f which mojl commonly come up firfi )
and fome none : which Leaves (land as it were
round , /&<? rifing up under the middle of the
Leaf deeply cut in , and gafht almofi to the middle
Stalk , 0/ a w/y fair deep green color : in the mid-
dle whereof, clofe unto the Leaf fiands a J 'mall
yellow Flower , con fifing of % or 6 Leaves , wry //,(’c
<2 Crowfoot , with yellow Threads in the middle.
After the Flower is fallen , //;<?/£ r//^ divers
J mall Horns or Cods Jet together , /’zz which are con-
tained whitifh round yellow Seed.

IV. The Second , or Pale Flower’d Winter

Woolfs-bane. This in its Root , Stalks , Leaves ,
Flowers and Seed , manner and form of growing ,
« d// refpetfs like the former ■, faving. only , that

the Flowers of this are of a pale yellow color ,
and in fame Plants almofi white.

V. The Third, or earlier wh’tifh Woolfs-bane.
Its Root confifis of a number of dark brown Strings ,
which fpread and j alien them] 'elves firongly in the
Ground. It fprings not out of the Earth till the
Spring is well begun , tf/zi then ;’/ fends forth great
broad green Leaves , deeply cut in about the Edges ,
and not much unlike the Leaves of the great Wild

Woolfs-bane whitifh early.

Crowfoot , but much greater : From among which 1
Leaves , a firong Jiiff Stalk 3 F<?cf high,

having here and there Leaves fet upon it, like un-
to them which are lower , but fmaller. The Top of
the Stalk is divided into 3 z?r 4 Branches , on which
grow fever al pale yellow F lowers, which turn at
la (l to be almofi white j in fajhion almofi like the
Helmet Flower , but much fmaller , <zzzz/ tfflf gaping
fo wide open : which being paft, divers fhort Pods
come up in their place , zzz which is contained black
Seed.

VI. The Fourth, or late Flowering Woolfs-bane.
Its Root differs not from the former : it has at large

Leaves as the other laji deferibed , and as much di-
vided\ cut alfo on the Edges fomewhat deeply , but
of a Jrefher green color , and not rifing or fpring -
/'/?£ 0/// cf the Ground , almofi a Month after

the former is come up. The Stalk with Leaves
thereon rifes to be 4 or $ Feet high , and with a
long Branched head , 0/ yellow color'd Flowers ,
almofi whit iff but Flowers later almofi by a Month
than the third aforegoing. The Cods and Seeds arc
like the former.

VII. The Fifth, or greater Woolfs-bane, with
Larks heel Flowers. Its Root is fomething thick,
long , and b/ackiff with feveral Fibres and long
Strings adjoining to it , by which it takes firong
hold in the Ground : From which Jhoot forth feveral
green Leaves , of a very fad or dark green color.
Handing upon pretty long foot Stalks , cut in on the
Edges into 5 deep divifions or parts , even to the
Stalk , and fomewhat rough or hairy ^ each part
whereof is alfo dented about the Edges : From a-
mong which rifes up a reafonable great and firong
round hairy Staff about 2 Feet high , having fome
fuch Leaves thereon as grow below at the Top
whereof is growing many Flowers Spike fajhion , one
above another , which are fafhioned fomething like
thofe of Larks heels , but larger and thicker , with
a fhort thick crooked heel behind them , of a very
dead or fad blewifh purple color , feeming as if they
were rugged or crumpled withal , which adds a
greater ill favor* dnefs to them on the out fide but
of a little frefher or more lively blew color , and
fmooth on the in fide. After which come feveral
ftnall rough Cods fianding together , like as other
Aconites and Columbines alfo do, in which is con-
tained a rugged black Seed.

Woolfs-bane Larks heel’d,
Greater and Le[fer.

VIII. The Sixth, or leffer Woolfs-bane, with
Latks heels. Its Root differs from the left, this
having 1 or 4 thick Jhort blackijh Roots ending in
fmall long points , fajined together at the bead. It

Chap. 743, TLngUJb Herbs,

has divers fra ooth green Leaves, upon very long
foot Stalks, but not altogether fo large, or of fo
fad a green color, much more finely cut in and di-
vided, in many jags or parts than the former. The
Stalk alfo rifes not up fo high, and bears Jome
fmaller and finer Leaves thereon, which ends in a
J, mall J ftke or head, of almoft as large Flowers,
with a fhort fpur or heel behind as the other has ■,
but of a fairer blewifh purple color , and more live-
ly, as well on the out fide as in fide. The Cods and
Seed are alfo like the former.

IX. The Places. They all grow Wild in Ger-
many, Italy, and other Countries, in Woods and
fhady places : but with us they are only Nurft up
in Gardens.

X. The Times. The two firft forts bring forth
their Flowers with their green Leaves, commonly
in January, for which they are only efteemed.
The others Flower later, as in /Hay and June, and
the Seed is ripe commonly in the following Months.
The Roots of the two firft may be Set in any oi
the Summer Months, and almoft in any place, for
they are hardy Plants, and will thrive almoft any
where.

XI. The Qualities. They are all hot and dry
in the extremity of the fourth degree, burning and
deleterious, or deadly, and therefore are not to be
given inwardly. The Heads of Arrows being dipt
into the Juice thereof fo Empoyfons them, that
they kill all Living things who are Wounded
therewith.

XII. The Specification. Woolfs-bane is profi-
table to kill Lice and Vermin in Childrens Heads,
and to cleanfe them from Scurf, c. to confume
dead Flefh in Ulcers and Sores j and to clear
the Eye-fight from any Haw, Pin and Web, Cloud
or Film, &c. which may obfufcate the Sight.

XIII. T he Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1 . A Pouder of the Roots and whole Plant.
2. A De coition of the fame. 3. A DiftilledWater
from the whole Plant.

The Virtues .

CHAP. DCCXLIII.
O/WOOLFS-BANE Antidote i

0 R,

DOKONICVM.

I.r K ~XHE Names. The Arabians call it (as is

J- fuppofed) Doronigi or Durungi , (whence
the Name Doronicum is l’uppofed to be derived,
becaufe it is not to be found in any of the Anci-
ent Greek or Latine Writers:) Our Modern Au-
thors call it in Latine Doronicum : and we in Englilh
Woolfs-bane Antidote , Wholfom Woolfs-bane and
Doronicum.

II. 'lhe Kinds. Authors have made eleven or
twelve Species hereof, many of which may not in
fome Ages be leen by us : we (hall therefore take
notice only of 4 or 5; forts, which are either Nurft
up in our Gardens, or grow Wild in our Country,
or the Roots of which are Sold in the Druggifis-
Shops. 1. Doronicum Vulgar e, Doronicum Roma-
num •, by all Writers, our common Woolfs-bane
Antidote or Doronicum : I call it ours, becaufe it
js common as well in our Gardens in England, as
in the Gardens of other Countries. 2. Doronicum
minus Clufij aliorumque - Doronicum P l ant aginis fo-
lio Bauhini : The lefler Woolfs-bane Antidote, or
Doronicum. 3. Doronicum brachiata radice pc net
Cj Lobelij 5 Doronicum aufiriacum fecundum Clufij :
The Scorpion Rooted Doronicum, or Woolfs-bane
Antidote. 4. Doronicum Germanicum Clufij *
Alifma feu Damafonium Matthioli Lf Diofcoridis -,
Caltha Alpina Gefneri - Nardus Celtica altera
Pen<e, Looelij, Rondeletij •, Ptarmica montana Lug-
dun enfis •, Doronicum Pannonicum, Ef Doronicum
fextiem Clufij : German, or our Englifh Woolfs-
bane Antidote. 5 . Doronicum ojficinarum -, Radices
Doronici •, Radices Mecbini ■, Doronicum antiquorum
Pence: Doronicum of the Shops. 6. Doronicum
Ar ahum genuinum : The true Arabian Doronicum.

XIV. The Pouder. Either alone, or made into
an Ointment with Hogs Lard, and applyed to
Childrens Heads troubled with Lice, Scurf, Mor-

Ehew, Dandriff, running Sores, Efc. it kills the
ice, and cures the Head of the other Maladies.

XV. The De cofi ton of Roots, Leaves, Seed in
Water. It is good for all the purpofes aforeftid.
Both De cod ion and Pouder are ufed, as v Galen
lays, in foul Sores and putrid Ulcers, to confume
the dead Flefh, and cleanfe them but they are
not to be applyed to Sores in the Mouth or Pri-
vities, which are too tender Parts for any fuch vio-
lent Medicaments.

XVI. The Diliilled Water. Being dropt into
the Eyes, it is good to take away the Inflamati-
ou, as alfo Specks, Spots, Haws, Clouds, Films,
&c. which may grow in them, or trouble the Eye-
fight.

XVII. Nota. If any onefhould by accident be
Poifoned, by taking inwardly Woolfs-bane, he
ought immediately to 1'ev.k for Cure, the method
of which, we have laid down in the Cure of
Poifon by Helmet-Flower or Monks-Hood which
(to avoid Tautology or vain Repetition) be pleafed
to have Recourfe to Chap. CCCLIII. Se£L XVI.
aforegoing of this Work, where it is plainly ex-
preffed.

T be Dcfcriptions.

III. The firft, or our common Woolfs-bane An-
tidote, or Doronicum * (fo called ours , becaufe it
has been longefl known unto us, and kept in our
Gardens.) Its Roots are Tuberous, fmall, thick and
fhort, creeping or lying under the upper crufi of
the Earth, with divers fmall Fibres fhooting from
them down into the Ground, and encreafing divers
fuch like tuberous Roots round about it, which are
tender and not hard, fome what whitifh, with fome
Joints therein , and greenifh on the upper fide next
to the upper face of the Ground. Some would
make thefe Roots to refemble a Dead Scorpion, be-
caufe of the Joints, which are like Scales thereon:
The former part next the Leaves , being thick, to
be the Body, and the other parts being fmall to be
the Tail, which is fomething fweet in Tafle, and
a little bitter, and a little aufiere clamminefs with-
al. from this Root Jpring up divers Leaves , each
Jlanding by it felf upon a long foot Stalk , which
are fome what round, greater than the Roman Sow-
bread Leaves, foft and gentle in handling , fome-
thing hairy, and of a frefh green color. From a ■
mong which rifes up feveral green roundifh Stalks,
about a Tard high or more, parted at the Top, fome-
times into one or two Branches , every one carrying
a large Flower, fomewhat like the Corn Mangold,
but much larger , having many narrow long yellow

Leaves ,

1278 Salmon’ s Tlerhal. Lib. 1

Woolfs-bane Antidote

0 R ,

Doronicum.

Leaves, as a Border fet about a middle Thrum
fomewhat yellower ■, which when it falls away ,
turns into J mail mbit i/I) Down , with very {mall
blackijh Seed, which is carried away with the Wind.

IV' The fecond, or lefler Woolfs-bane Antidote
or Doronicum. Its Root is J mall , not like the for-
mer, being without thofc Joints fo plain in them.

It has divers Leaves longer and narrower than the
firjl, fomewhat like unto Ribwort Plantane , but
hairy , and of a yellowifh green color. T. he Stalks
are J lender , and rife nothing fo high, nor are
much Branched , but carrying the like yellow flow-
ers as the former, but fomewhat paler.

V. The third, or the Scorpion Rooted Doroni-
cum, or Woolfs-bane Antidote. Its Root creeps
not fo much, but is fomething longer thruJI down
into the Ground, with Joints growing upwards.
Branched ( as it were ) on each fide, with young
Roots, and ending in a fmall point, having divers
long fibres adjoining to them. It has large round
hairy Leaves like the Jirft , fomewhat waved or un-
evenly dented about the Edges , of a f adder green
color, and fomething bigger : the Stalks have divers
narrow Leaves thereon. The Flowers are yellow,
arid their Leaves dented at their ends -, and the
Seed is like unto the other.

VI. The fourth , or German, or our Englilh
Woolfs-bane Antidote. Its Root is fmall, yet
Pointed withal , not much unlike the firjl, but not
fo plainly to be difeerned, of a fweet Smell, and a
bitter biting T afie, having many fibres underneath
it giving many off-fets, by which it is encreafed.
It has fevcral broad hairy Leaves, of a yellowifh
green color on the upper fide , but wbitijh and
Jmoolb underneath , lying on the Ground, fomething
like unto broad Plantane Leaves, or rather like
unto the Crofs-worl Gentian , having feme long Ribs

therein. Among thefe Leaves rife s up a Stalk, and
fometimes many, bearing long Leaves at every Joint.

At the Top, it Branches forth into 7 or 3, or more
parts fometimes , bearing every one a fair large
flower, fet as it were in a rough Cup, which con-
fifis of many pale yellow Leaves, dented at their
ends, as a pale or border about the middle ; which
is made up of many fmall Flowers of 4 Leaves a
piece, of a deep yellow color, as it were the J brum,
which being pa/I, the headturns into Down, which
with the fmall black Seed therein , is carried away
with the Wind.

VII. The fifth, or Doronicum of the Shops.
That which is Sold in the Shops, it the Doronicum
quartum Clufij, vel Stiriacum ; Doronicum latiio-
lium flore magno Bauhini : The broad Leav'd Do-
ronicum with a large Flower. Its Root is fem:-
what long, blackilh on the outfide and Jointed , but
not fo plainly to be difeerned , the Joints rifing up-
wards, and not downwards, (as they do in moji of
the reft ) fpreading it felfi by means of certain
firings, very far about, with other tuberous Roots
of like form , many in number, each Tuber having
many long white Fibres underneath it. It is a low
Plant, but has many large, and fomewhat longijh
round Leaves, dented about the Edges, like unto
the third fort before Defcribed, J landing upon high
foot Stalks. The Stalk has fame Leaves thereon,
longer and narrower than thofe below and at its
Top (not having any Branches) one Flower, larger
than any of the former , but elfe like unto them ,
having many long yellow Leaves , fet about a middle
brownifh yellow Thrum. The Root of this is all
that we have in the Shops , which is Sold for the
True Arabian Doronicum ; but truly is not it :
however , our Modern Phyficians generally agree,
that it Anfwers the End, and has the Virtues of
the True Arabian Kind, tho" it has no agreement
therewith in form.

VIII. The fixth, or True Arabian Doronicum.
Avicen Lib. II. Cap. CC. and Serapio in his Book
of Simples, Cap.CCCXXV. have Defcribed it to be
A Root of the bignefs of ones Thumb, of a hard
and heavy Subftance, of a yellow color on the
outfide, and brown within, with fome white \ eins.
and that it is hot and dry in the third Degree.
Parkinfon feems to be of Opinion , that it is a kind
of American TVlechinus, ( often found among the
Mechinus, or Black Ginger ) brought chiefly from
Brazil, which Lobel calls Mechini rara varietas,
which has divers circular knotted Lines, as it were
like Joints on the outfide, is firm and heavy, and
full of white Veins when it is broken, is alio very
(harp, quick, and biting, and Aromancal m Talte.
j his fays he , having all the Notes of the Arabian
Kind can be no other than the Legitimate and
True’ Doronicum i however he fays, he leaves it
for every one to judge as his reafon Jhall direU

fc"lX The Places. The firft grows on the Moun-
tains in Savoy, beyond the Lake Leman, and in 0-
ther places in France and Germany ; but with us
only in Gardens. The fecond grows in France.
The third on the Woody Mountains in Aufirta
and about Trent ; as Clufws fays : but both of
them with us, only in Gardens. The fourth 'n
many places in Germany, in Medows and elie-
wheie-f and with us on the Hilly Grounds inAor-
thumberland. The fifth, C/ufius fays grows near
Kewberg in Stiria , the Root of which is brought
to us dryed, and Sold at the Drugglfts-Shops.

The fixth, is an abfolute Stranger with us and un-

left the American Mechinus be it, which by Ac-
cident as it were, is now and than brought hither,
we know nothing at all of it- x

Chap. 7^.

X. The Times. They all Flower early for the
moft parr, vie. in May, and their Seed is Ripe in
fome fhort time after.

XI. Nora. Coriuft/s of Padua, and Mat thiol us,
calls that which is Sold in the Shops, Pardalian-
ches , and refer it to the Poifonouus Aconites , de-
faming and railing againft it, as a Poifon not fit
to be ufed inwardly in Mans Body ; and that thofe
Phyfitians who put ic into Cordial Medicines, as
EleH. de gemmis , Elefl. ex Aromatibus , Diamof-
chum Dulce , and other Cordial Compofitions , do ve-
ry ill, and have little refpeff to the Life or Health
of Man * becaufe they both upon Tryal found it
to be true, and that being mixed with Flefh and
given to Dogs, it killed them : to which it is an-
swered, that many things which will kill Fowls,
Dogs, and other Bealls, may notwithftanding be
fafely given to Mankind : And many things which
are wholfom to Man, and are often ufed without
Scruple, or the leaft danger, will yet quickly kill
other Creatures. So Aloes and Bitter Almonds,
given toT)unghil Fowls, or to Foxes, will quickly
kill them ^ and the Chameleon Thiftle, will kill
Dogs and Swine, whilll all thefe things being gi-
ven to Man, are not only innocent, and abfolute-
ly free from any deleterious or deadly quality, but
are even Antidotes againft Poifon, and Soveraign
Cordials-, and the Root of the Chamaleon being
Drank in Wine, is good againft the Poifonous Bi-
tings of Vipers, and other Venemous Creatures.
But on the contrary, fome other Phyfitians fay
and affirm, that this Doronicum of the Shops, is a
perfeftly innocent thing , and without the leaft
danger in it. Gefner fays, that he had taken
much of it, and oftentimes a good quantity, even
to 2 Drams in Pouder, that he might find the O-
peration of rt, yet found no harm thereby j and
that he had given it to others, without any dan-
ger or hurt. And Pena and Label report, that
John de Erode, did Eat many Roots thereof with-
out any danger , or Senfe of ill thereby 5 and
therefore they advife others, not to abdicate the
ufe of this Plant to Mankind. Dofonxus was once
of the fame mind with Cortufus and Matthiolus,
but afterwards he found his Error, and reclaimed
it. By what has been laid on this matter, I think
it is manifeft, that the dangerous Qualities faid
to be in this Plant, are raifed only from Ignorance
of Fafr, Scruples and Suppofitions, and not from
any real Grounds 4 forafmuch as Experience has
fufficiently proved the contrary.

XII. The Qualities. Doronicum of the Shops,
is hot and dry in the end of the fecond Degree j
Cardiack, Sudorifick, and Alexipharmick.

XIII. The Specification. It is a peculiar Anti-
dote againft the Poifon of Woolfs-bane, and Hel-
met-flower orMonks-hood : It alfo refills the Poi-
fon caufed by the Bitings of venomous Creatures,
opens Gbftruflions of the Lungs, and flops the
Defluxions of Humors into the Throat and Eyes,
eafing their pain, and taking away the Inflamation
of the Parts.

XIV. The Preparations. Our Difcourfe now,
and prefently of the Virtues, has chiefly refpefl to

' the fifth Species aforegoing-, tho’ fome Authors
think that the fame may be faid and applyed to
all the other Kinds, feeing that they are all in
Form, and places of growing one fo like to ano-
ther -, and poflibly if Tryal be made, would per-
form the fame Effefls. You may have therefrom,
when frefii Gather’d, i. A Juice from the Roots
and Leaves. 2. A Decollion of the Root. 3. A
Pouder of the Root. 4. A Decollion of the Englifh
or German Woolfs-bane Antidote, (at Sefl. 6.) 5;.

A Pouder of the Root and Herb of the fame Plant.

XV. The Liquid Juiee of the Rooti and Leaves.
It is faid to be found good to be pm into Eyes
which are hot, red, and inflamed, to take away
their prickings and eafe their pain.

XVI. The Decollion of the Root in Wine or Wa-
ter. It is an excellent Cordial, refills and Cures
the Poifon of Aconitum, Monks-hood, and other
poifonous Plants j as alfo the poifonous Bitings of
V ipers, Mad Dogs, and other venomous Creatures ^
it cleanfes the Brelt and Lungs of thick tough
Humors, Hops the Cough, and gives cafe in Pleu-
ritick Pains and Stitches in the Sides, Head-achs,
Vertigo’s, &c. Dofe halfa Pintat at a time Morn-
ing and Evening, a little Dulcified with, Sugar.

XVII. The Pouder of the Root. It has all the
Virtues of the Decoblion, and may be given Morn-
ing and Night, from 2 Scruples to 2 Drams, made
up into an Elefluary with fome proper Syrup, or
Conferve; or mixed in Syrup of Citron Peels, or
of Juice of Citrons, and fo given in a Glafs of
Canary, Sherry, or Madera Wines, C fc.

XV III. The Decollion of the Englifh or German
Woolfs-bane Antidote in Wine. It provokes the
Terms in Women, eafes the Pains and Difeafes of
the Womb, is effebfual againft Poifon, especially
the Poifon of the Fiih called Lupus Marinus , as
alfo the venomous Biting of Shrew Mice and
Toads. It refills the mighty Potency of Opium , in
fuch as have taken too much of it: and is given
with good fuccefs to thofe who have a Bloody-
Flux, or any other Pains, or Gripings in the Sto-
mach or other Bowels, by reafon of Tharp Humors
offending them. It is profitable againft Convulfi-
ons, Cramps, Weakneffes, and other pains and
difaffeQions of the Nerves, Tendons, and Joints:
and if it is given with the fine Pouder of Carrot
Seed, or, rather of Daucus Seed it potently expels
Gravel, fmall Stones, and Tartarous Slime, from the
Reins, Ureters and Bladder. It is applyed alfo
outwardly to eafe Inflamations, and take away the
pains of old running Sores, putrid and eating Ulcers,
and the like.

XIX. The Pouder of the Root of the fame Plant.
It may be given Morning and Night, from a Dram
to two Drams, mixt with fome proper Syrup, and
then to be fwallowed down with fome of the for-
mer Deco£lion ^ or with a Glafs of Canary, Sherry,
or fome other like generous Wine, for all the pur-
pofes and intentions the aforefaid Decollion is ap-
propriated to. It is ufed alfo as an Errhine,or rather
a Sternutatory, by which way it cleanfes the Head
and Brain of cold and moift Recrements* which
caufe Dullnefs, Drowfinefs, and other ill habits of
thofe Parts.

CHAP. DCCXLIV.

Of WORMWOOD Common.

1 . Name:

X Afjnthium by the Greeks ’ATL •

It is called by the Arabians
by the Greeks ’ATfi : and
in Latin Abfinthium : and in Englifh Wormwood.
Diof corides calls it BafoWepr, d profunda amor are
from its exceeding Bitrernefs.

II. The Kinds. Authors make a great many
Kinds of this Plant-, we lhali take Notice of four
feveral forts, viz. 1. Abfinthium vulgar e, Abfin-
thium

1280 Salmon’^ Herbal . Lib. i-

tbium latijolmu, IS Latifolium vulgare : Our com-
mon Wormwood, of which we (hall Treat in this
prei'ent Chapter. 2. Abfinlhium Romanum, Ab-
finthium Pontitum , of which in the next Chapter
DCCXLV. J. Abfintbium marinum , Abfinlhium
Belgicum ; Abfintbium Anglicanum -, Abfintbium
Senphium, five Aluminum Anglicum : Marth or
Sea Wormwood ; of which in Chap. DCCXLV I.
4. Abfintbium fantonicum ; Abfinlhium fementina:
Wormieed Wormwood ; of which in Chap.
DCCXLVII. following.

'the Defcriptions.

III. The Root of our common Wormwood is
huri end Woody, with many Strings adjoining to it.
It has many large whitifh green Leaves, fome-
nobat more hoary underneath, much divided or cut
into many parts ; from among which, rife up f eve-
ral bard, woody, and hoary Stalks, two or three

Wormwood Common.

feet high, bejet with the like Leaves as grow be-
low, but f mailer, divided at the Lops into many
f mailer branches , whereon grow many fmall But-
tons, with pale yellow blowers in them ; wherein
afterwards is contained fmall Seed. 1 he Stalks
hereof Die down every Tear , but the Root holds a
Lift of green Leaves all the Winter , Jhooting forth
anew again , which are of a ffrong but pleafng
Smell, and of a very blitter Lajie.

IV. There is in hot Countries, nearer the ‘Tro-
pic k of Cancer , a Tree Wormwood, very like to
this our Common Wormwood, which grows confide-
rahly greater and higher, andfeems to be a kind
of brut ex, but it will not thrive in our Colder
Climates.

V. Lbe Places. It grows plentifully Wild al-
molt throughout the whole Kingdom ; and is be-
tides often found in Gardens, ccming up of its
own accord.

VI. Lbe limes. It Mowers and Seeds in July
and Auguft, which when it is in the height of its
Flowering, ought to be gathered, dryed, and care-
fully laid up tor Medical ufes.

VII. Lhe Qualities. It is hot and dry in rhe
third Degree ; Aperitive, Abfterfive, Attringent,
Stomatick, Nephritick, Hyfterick, and Cathar-
tick.

VIII. The Specification. It Cures the Scurvy in
a cold Conftitution ; rectifies the Tone of the Sto-
mach and Bowels, is good again!! naufeoufnefs.
Hops Vomiting, llrengthens the Ventricle, pro-
vokes Urine and the Terms, Cures Surleits, and
helps againlt the hard Swellings ot the Belly ;
caufes a good Appetite, and a ltrong Digeftion,
and is profitable againlt the Yellow Jaundice, it
is allb an Antidote againlt many Vegetable Pot-
ions, difculfes Quirfies or Tumors in the Throat,
and is a good Cofmetick, taking away Wheals,
Pimples, Worms, Koughnefs, and other deformi-
ties of the Skin : It helps the dimnefs of the Eyes,
fore and running Ears, and eafes their Pains : It is
good again!! the fwelling and hardnefs of the
Spleen; it purges Cholerick Humors downwards,
both by Stool and Urine. It alfo kills Worms in
Children being inwardly taken, and outwardly
applyed; it is good againft the Colick, Bloody-
Flux, and all other Fluxes of the Belly : And be-
ing conliantly uled, it is laid to Cure a ftinking
Breath. It is commended againlt Tertian and 0-
ther lingering Agues, by opening Obttruttions,
purging by Urine, lengthening the Stomach and
Liver, and altering the whole habit ot the Body.

IX. Lhe Preparations. From Common Worm-
wood you may have thefe, 1. A Liquid Juice.
2. An EJfence. 5. A DecoSion. 4. Wormwood
Beer. 5. An Infullon in Wine. 6. A Pouder.
7. An Ejjential Salt. 8. Camerarius’ s mixture.
9. Syrup of Wormwood Simple. 10. Syrup Compound.
1 1. An Infolated Oil. 1 2. A Cataplafm. 1 2. Troches.
14. A Simple Difti/IedWater. 15. A Simple Spi-
rit. 16. A Water and Spirit Compound. 17. A
Dijlilled Oil. 18. Potefiates or Powers. 19. A
Spirituous Lirtlfure. 20. An Acid Lint/ are.
21. AnOilyLinOure. 22. A fixed Salt.

The Virtues.

X. The Liquid Juice. If it be given to l, 2,
4, or 5 Spoonfuls, according to Age and Strength,
it is Cathartick, and Purges the Body of Choler-
ick and Pituitous Humors, ftrenghrening the Bow-
els at the fame time ; and Snuff’d up the Noftrils
as anErrhine, it purges the Head and Brain of Pi-
tuitous Recrements. If it is infpilfated and made
up into Pills, 10 Grains being taken at a time,
admirably llrengthens the Stomach.

XI. The EJfence. If taken in due Dofe in Broth
or Wine, it gently Purges the Vifcera of Cholerick
and Flegmatick Humors, kills Worms in the Sto-
mach and Belly, provokes Urine and the Terms,
opens ObftruEtions of Stomach, Liver, Spleen,
Mefentery, Reins and Womb; is good againlt
the Jaundice, Dropfie, Gout, and Scurvy, creates
a good Appetite and Digeftion, llrengthens the
Stomach and Bowels, Cures Fluxes of the Belly,
and is good againft Tertian Agues, and other like
Chronick Difeafes : it Hops Vomiting, is good a-
gainft a Stinking Breath and Loathings , and re-
ftores the Tone of the Stomach Dofe from a
quartet to half a Spoonful in Canary, or other
generous Wine, Morning, Noon, and Night: but
it it is to Purge withal, it may be taken from a
SDOonful to 2 or 2, or mote, in any proper Vehicle.

‘ VII Tt.

Chap. 744* EngUJh Herbs. 1281

XII. T be Decollion in Water or Wine. It has
all the former Virtues, and may be given Morning
and Night a quarter of a Pint at a time, in any
proper Vehicle. It is faid to be peculiarly good
againft the Yellow Jaundice.

XIII. Wormwood Beer. It is $tomatick, com-
forts and warms a cold Stomach , takes away
loathing of Meat, and caufes a good Appetite
and Digeftion ^ it alters a Cold habit of Body by
long taking it, and purifies the Blood.

XIV. An Infufion in Wine , or Wormwood Wine.
Take Choice Fthenifh Wine a Gallon -, dried Worm-
wood Leaves and Tops of Flowers , a good handful:
mix them , and flop them up clofe for a Month or
more , Jhaking the Veffel once or twice a Day • and
all the while it is ufed , let it remain upon the
Herb or Faeces. It is taken at any time mixt with
choice Canary ^ it warms a Cold Stomach, caufes
a good Appetite and Digeftion, expels Wind, kills
Worms, and being Drank alone without mixture,
Cures the Green-Sicknefs , being taken in the
Morning Falling ;j and frequently ufed, it pre-
vents the Cachexia and Dropfy.

XV. The Pouder of the Herb and Heads of
F lowers. It heats, cleanfes, drys, and ftrengthens
the Vifcera : It has all the Virtues of the Elfence,
and kills Worms in Children, being taken from
10 Grains to a Dram, (according to Age and 0-
ther Accidents) mixt with Honey, or Pulp of an
Apple, or lome fuch like, and wafht down with
a Glafs of Canary, Morning and Evening •, it is
good againft Surfeiting and Drunkennefs, and the
Putridity of the Stomach, and helps againft a (link-
ing Breath.

XVI. The EJfential Salt. It has all the Virtues
of the Liquid Juice, Elfence, Decoclion, Wine and
Pouder, and that in an exalted meafure. It may
be given againft all thofe Difeafes, as alfo the
Green-Sicknefs in Virgins * from a Scruple to a
Dram, every Morning Falling, and at Bed time, in a
Glafs of White Port or Lisbon Wines, or in Canary,
with a Continuando , till the Patient grows well.

XVII. Camer anus' s mixture. Take the Tops or
Flowers of Wormwood , flowers of Rofemary , and
flowers of Black Thorn , or Sloe-Bufh , of each 4
Ounces -, Saffron 2 Ounces Rhenifh Wine 4 or %
Quarts, mix them , and in a Veffel clofe covered ,
fimmer them over the Fire for an hour or more ,
then Strain out and keep it for ufe. It is com-
mended for the Cure of the Yellow Jaundice, a
Email draught of it being taken in the Morning
falling, (the Body being prepared beforehand by
Purging :) and fo taken, it brings down alfo the
Terms in Women ^ and if a little Wine Vinegar
be added to it, it is faid to help thofe who are
Poifoned or almoft Strangled, by eating Poifonous
Mulhroomsj and being taken mixed with Wine,
it is good againft thePoifon of the black Chame-
leon Root, Hemlock, Shrew - Moufe, and Draco
Marint/s, which is called a Quaviver.

XVIII. The Simple Syrup. Take Clarified Juice
of Wormwood, Clarified Sugar, or the double Refi-
ned, of each 4 Pounds -, mix, and in the heat of a
Bath make a Syrup. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice, Effene*, and Deco&ion, and may be given
from one Spoonful to two, in a Glafs of Wine :
If Nitre be diffolved in it, it is then good againft
the Quinfey, and Inflammations of the Throat and
Almonds, to Gargle with it. Dropt into the Eyes,
it is good againft the dimnefs of Sight, Clouds,
Spots Films, &c. And dropt into the Ears, it
eafes their Pain, and heals running Sores therein.

XIX. The Compound Syrup. Take dryed Worm-
wood, a pound -, Red Rofes, 4 Ounces -, Indian
Spicknard, an Ounce Old White Port or Lisbon

1 Wine, Juice of Quinces , of each 5 Pints : filer p
them a whole Day in a clofe Earthen Veffel, then
I Boil very gently , and Strain out without pr effing $
and Wit b 4 Pounds of double refin'd Sugar, make
it into a Syrup in the heat of a Bath. It is good
for a cold and flegmatick Stomach, eafes its Pain,
and ftrengthens it, as alfo the Liver and Conco,-
flive Faculty j caufes a good Appetite, expels
Wind, provokes Urine, and prevails againft the
Yellow Jaundice. Dofe from one to two Spoon-
fuls Morning and Night, in a Glafs of generous
Wine.

XX. Oleum Abfinthiacum -, Infolated Oil of
Wormwood. Take flowers or Tops of Wormwood,
4 Ounces • choice Oil Olive, 3 Pounds : mix, and
fet them in a hot Sun in a Glafs clofe fiopt a whole
Week, Jhaking them every Day then boil in a Bath-,
prefs out t he Oil, and put in frefh Wormwood cu before ,
which boil and prefs out : then a fecond and third,
time, adding 4 Ounces more of fircfi. ) Wormwood, put to
it alfo 4 Ounces of Juice of Wormwood-, which boil
again in a Bath, till the humidity of the Juice is
evaporated, then prefs out and keep it for ufe. It
heats and ftrengthens the Stomach, being Anoint-
ed thereon, Anointed on the Stomach and Belly,
it kills Worms, the Pouder being given alfo at the
fame time : Anointed on the Back- bone, it abates the
lhaking Fits of Agues, if done the whole length there-
of, for half an hour before the coming of the Fit :
Anointed on Stomach, Sides and Belly, it ftrength-
ens all the Bowels, chiefly Liver and Spleen ^ and
is good againft Cachexies and Dropfies, and Dif-
eafes arifing from Coldnefs and Weaknefs of thofe
Parts : it caules alfo Appetite, helps Digeftion,
and dilfipates Wind, for which reafon it is good
againft the Colick.

XXL The Cataplafm. It is made of the green
Herb, by beating it in a wooden Mortar with a
wooden Peffle, adding a little Ox Gall to it. Ap-
plying it to the Stomach, it kills Worms in thofe
parts, and ftrengthens them, giving eafe alfo to
pains of the Liver and Spleen.

XXH. Troches of Wormwood Compound. Ik Worm-
wood Leaves and flowers in fine Pouder, Red Rofes
in Pouder, Anife -Seeds in Pouder, of each 2 Ounces :
Roots of Afarabdcca, Rhubarb , Spicknard, Smallagc -
Seed, Mace, Maffick, each in fine Pouder, one Ounce :
Almonds bitter, InfpiJJate Juice of Maudlin, of
each an Ounce alfo : Juice of Succory , enough to
make all into a Mafs for Troches. It is a very
bitter Medicament, and fcarcely ever taken alone,
but with fome proper Vehicle. They llrengthen
the Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Mefentery, and other
Bowels, kill Worms in the Body, opens Obftru-
flions of the Vifera , and are profitable againft the
Yellow Jaundice. Dofe a Dram Morning and
Night, in Syrup of Citron Peels.

XXIII. The Simple DiffilledWater. It heats
and comforts the Stomach, is good againft Loath
ing, Hops Vomiting, expels Wind, helps Digeftion'
and caufes a good Appetite ; and is faid to give,
eafe in the Tooth-ach. It has all the Virtues of
the Juice and Elfence, but much weaker : Dropt
into the Eyes, it clears the Eye-fight ^ and bathed
upon the Temples, it eafes the Head-ach.

XXIV. The Simple Spirit. It is made from the
fermented juice, by Diffilling it in a Copper A-
lembick Tinnd within, with its Worm or Refrige-
ratory. Or, Take Leaves andTops of dryed Worm-
wood, 4 Pounds -, fmall Wines, 6 Gallons, digeff
24 hours, then Dffil in an Alembick as before -,
adding to every Pint of the Diffilled Water, two
Ounces of double refined Sugar : The firll quart
you may call Simple Spirit of Wormwood j what
follows after , fave for Wormwood Water. Thefe
§ A have

1282 Salmons

have the Virtues of Wormwood, but more fit for
Antient People, whofe Natural heat is abated j it
warms and comforts the Stomach, and helps Di-
geftion, and is good for fach as are, troubled with
Cachexy, Dropfy, and Jaundice, Lfc.

XXV. Water and Spirit of Wormwood Compound.
Take Tops and Leaves of dryed Wormwood , 2
Pounds - Annifeeds , half a Pound ^ 6 Gallons of
fmall Wines : mix , and digeft all together for 24
hours , then diflilthem in an Alembic k as aforefaid ,
adding 2 Ounces of double refined Sugar to every
Pint of the diflilled Liquor. The fir ft Quart keep
for Spirit of Wormwood Compound: and all the reft
for Wormwood Water Compound. It has all the
former Virtues, but more agreeable to fuch as
have got Coughs, Cold, Wheezing, or any (luffing
in the Stomach and Lungs, or troubled with the
Colick.

XXVI. Oil of Wormwood Diflilled. It has all
the Specifick Virtues afcribed to Wormwood, at
Sell. VIII. aforegoing. A Drop, or 2, or 3, of this
Oil, mixt firft with a little white Sugar, and then
drank in a Glafs of White Port or Lisbon Wine,
or Canary, makes an excellent draught to (Irength-
en the Stomach, Liver, and other Vifcera-, to help
again!! a Cachexia, caufe a good Appetite and
Digeftion, and make a good color in the Face :
It expels Wind, provokes Urine, and is good a-
gainlt Hypochondriack Melancholy, and univer-
fallv (Lengthens the whole Body.

XXVII. Poteftates Abfinthifoi Powers of Worm-
wood. They have all the Virtues of the Oil ex-
alted, and fo more fubtil, and are alfo much more
pleafant to be taken : you may take Morning,
Noon and Night, 40 or 50 Drops in a Glafs of
generous Wine.

XXVIII. The Spirituous Tinllure. TisaNoble
Medicament, and has all the Specifick Virtues enu-
merated, at Sell. VIII. aforegoing 5 it refills Vomit-
ing and Naufeoufnefs , and (Lengthens the Sto-
mach above all other Preparations of Wormwood.
You may take 20, 30, or 40 Drops, or more at a
time, in a Glafs of Canary the more the Wine
is, the greater number of Drops may be given at
a time.

XXIX. The Acid Tinllure. It is an Antidote
againft all hot, burning, and malign Fevers, and
is an excellent thing againft the Plague or Peftilence
it felf, and all other Contagious and Peftilential
Difeafes : it provokes Urine and the Terms, and
carries off the Morbifick caufe of Internal difaf-
feUions, by the Urinary paffages.

XXX. The Oily Tinllure. It is good to pro-
voke Urine, and cleanfe the Urinary paffages
from Sand, Gravel, Stones, and Slimy and Tarta-
rous matter infefting thofe Parts : it is an excel-
lent thing againft. the Colick, Palfy, Convuftions
of the Bowels, and Gout affeUing the Stomach.
Dofe from 8 to 16 or 20 Drops, firft Dropt into
and mixt with Sugar, and then to be taken in a
Glafs of White Port or Lisbon Wine : outwardly,
it is good to Anoint parts afflifled with the Gout,
Sciatica, Rheumatifm, life. As alfo to help the
Headach, proceeding from a cold and moift caufe,
being Anointed upon the Part. . And applyed to
the Piles or Hemorrhoids, it gives prefent eafe,
and in a (hort time after Cures them.

XXXI. The Fixed or Elementary Salt , made by
Incineration and Elixiviation. Taken from 10
Grains to a Scruple, or half a Dram, it is an An-
tidote againft the Scurvy, and purifies the whole
Mafs of Blood and Lympha , effeUually carry ing
off the Recrements of thofe Fluids by Urine.
Ic may be given in Wine, in a cold and moift ha-
bit of Body : but in a hot and dry Conftitution,

HerhaL Lib. J.

it ought to be given in a thin fort of Water Gruel.
If a Scruple or half a Dram of it be mixed with
a large Spoonful of Juice of Limons, and fo given
to one that is affefted with an extream Vomiting,
it flops it upon the fpot : It gives eale in the
Strangury, provokes Urine potently, and expels
Sand, Gravel, and Tartarous Mucilage, from the
Reins, Ureters, and Bladder.

CHAP. DCCXLV.

Of WORMWOOD Roman .

O R,

P 0 N T I C K.

I.'T'ifE Names. It is called in Greek 'AfMitt

JL namlv ■ in Latin Abfnthium Romanum -, Ab-
fnthium Fonticum , by almoft tall Writers. In
Englijh , Roman Wormwood, and Pontick Worm-
wood.

II. The Kinds. We obferve but three Species,
viz. 1. Abftnthium Romanum vulgar e ; Abftnthium
Fonticum commune : Our common Roman , or
Pontick Wormwood. This by many is Judged
to be the true Abftnthium of Pontus , which Di-
ofcorides and Galen do fo much commend. 2.
Abftnthium Fonticum verum ; Abfnthium Ponti-
cum Montanum Bauhini ; Abfnthium Montanutn
Camerarij Fj Taberncemontani : who alfo calls it
Romanum Abfnthium commune , Jive A/pinum Gcf-
neri-, Abfnthium tenuifolium Fonticum Galeni Ge-
rardo : The true Roman Wormwood. 5. Abfn-
thium tenuifolium Auftriacum Clufj , Fo ItaHcum ,
(becaufe ic has been found to grow in feveral
Parts in Italy.) Abfnthium Fonticum Tridentinum
Herbariorum Lobelia Fj Lugdunenf : Fine Leav’d
Pontick Wormwood, or Auftrian Wormwood

' The Defcriptwns.

III. The firft, or our common Roman or Pon-
tick Wormwood. The Root from a Jhort Head ,
Jhoots forth many long Fibres into the Earth, by
which it is nourijhed ; and fends forth divers
Sprouts round about it, by which it much encreajes.
It is a fmall lew Herb, with much more fender and
Jhort Stalks than the next : on which grow very
fmall and fine Jhort hoary white Leaves, fmaller
and finer than thofe of the fine Southernwood ;
which grow at feveral Joints, many coming forth
together : at the tops of the Stalks grow fmall yel-
lowifh Flowers , neither fo many nor fo great, as
thofe of the next. The fmell hereof is f aint, and
far weaker than in the next to be Defcribed ; and
the Tafle thereof much lefs bitter.

IV. The fecond, or true Roman Wormwood.
Its Roots are [mailer , lefs Woody, and fuller of
Fibres, than thofe of our Common Wormwood in
in the loft Chapter : It has alfo more fender and
jhort er Stalks, by a Foot at leaf, than that of our
Common Wormwood, and reafonable large Leaves,
yet fmaller , and more finely cut in and divided than
it, but as labile and hoary both Leaves and Stalks.
The Flowers are alfo of a pale yellow color , ft end-
ing upon the fmall Branches in the fame manner :
fo that excepting it is fmaller every way, and in
each part, it is altogether like to our Common

broad

Chap. 745’ "Englifh Herbs. 1283

r Roman:)

Wormwood** Or, Atrue,
t Pontick)

Root, fpre tiding it felf under Ground , which J'cnd *
up many finally hard , fiff, \ and hoary Stalks , on
which are Jet, without order , fmall and fame what
long , and hoary Leaves , very like to the Leaves of
Marfh Wormwood j which Stalks are divided to-
wards their tops , into many other fmall and flcnder
Branches , riftng from the Joints where the Leaves
do grow, with many fmall Heads, which give forth
many fmall whitijh Flowers.

VI. The Places. They are Italian, Anfrian,
and Hungarian Plants ; but for their excellent Vir-
tues fake, have been Tranfpianted into our Coun-
try, where now they are Nurft up in Gardens.

VII. The Times. They all Flower in July and
Auguf-, in which Times they ought to be Gather-
ed, and carefully laid up for Medical ufes-

VIII. As to their Qualities, Specif cat ion. Prepa-
rations and Virtues , they are the fame with thofe
of our Common Wormwood, in the former Chapter $
and therefore no more need be faid of them here.
But this is to be Obferved, that our Common fort
in the former Chapter, is the moll Potent and
Effe&ual to all the Purpofes to which any of
thofe may be applyed.

CHAP. DCCXLVI.

Of WORMWOOD,
Sea or Marfb.

broad Leav’d Wormwood. Its fmell is fomething
Aromatical fweet, and its bitternefs is not fo great.

V. The third, or fine Leav’d Pontick, or Auffrian
Wormwood. It has a long fender , and Fibrous

Wormwood Pontick fine Leav’d '.

I.'T'ifE Names. It is called in Greek ’A 4hQ/op
JL 'A^-tvQiov Scflip/oK, & 'Se/np/ov : in La-

tine Abfintbium Seriphium, and Seriphium •, Abfin-
thium Maritimum, O Marinum : in Englifh, Alarfh
Wormwood, and Sea Wormwood.

II. The Kinds. Authors give us 4 or 5; forts of
this Plant, but not being Common with us, we
fhall only Treat of fuch as Grow in our Sait
Marlhes, or are Nurft up in our Gardens, viz.
1. Seriphium Anglic um, Abfnlhium Seriphium *
Abfintbium Maritimum vel Marinum : Our com-
mon Englifh Marfh Wormwood. 2. Seriphium
album , Abfintbium Marinum album : White
Marfh Wormwood.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firft, or our Englifh Marfh Worm-
wood. Its Root runs fomething deep, yet fpreads
it felf in the Ground , being compofed of many
large Strings and fmall Fibres. It rifes up
with many hoary round woody Stalks, two Feet
or more high , being well furnifhed and re-
pleat with a vaft number of white hoary long
and narrow Leaves , rather broader and long-
er than any Southernwood Leaves, having a fmall
bitterifh Taftc, and a very pleafing filrong Smell.
The Flowers are fmall and yellow , funding at the
tops of the Leaves and Branches, which afterwards
give very fmall Seed.

IV. The fecond, or white Marfh Wormwood.
Its Root is tough, woody and flringy , creeping far
abroad, by which means it very much encreafes.
It has tough hoary white Stalks 2 or 3 Feet high ,
which a little fpread out into Branches, lhe
Leaves are winged, fever a l fmall narrow ones ( not
very long ) fet upon one middle Rib, which feem 1 0

I be divided at it were into many jags, not altogether
fo large at the True Roman Wormwood, of a bit-
ter Tafc and pleafant Smell , of a very white
2 A 2 hoarinefs :

1284 Salmon' s Herbal. Lib. i.

Wormwood Iviarih,

Belonging to Se£l. III.

former.

Wormwood Sea or Marfh, white.

V. The Places. The firft grows in the Sait
Marfhes in many places of England- I found it
growing in the Salt Marfh by the Rivers fide, run-
ning along the South fide of the Town of Lyn
Regis in Norfolk , on theSouth of that Field called
the Fryers ; and in feveral other Salt Marlhes near
that Town. And is plentifully found in the Salr
Marfhes in Holland , Flanders, and other of the
Low Countries. The other is found on the Sea
Coafts of Germany and Italy-, and in fome of the
Sait Marfhes of England : Thole Salt Soils over-
flowed by the Sea, are their Native places of
growth; but beingTranfplanted into our Gardens,
they thrive as well as if they wete Natural to
them.

VI. The Times. They Flower and Seed in the
fame Times, in which all the other Wormwoods do.

VII. The Qualities. They are hot and dry in
the fecond degree, Aperitive, Abftetfive, Stoma-
tick and Alexipharmick.

VIII. The Specification. They have all the Vir-
tues of the Common and Roman Wormwoods, but
not half their ftrength and force in their EffeQs.
But by reafon they are not altogether fo bitter,
they are more acceptable to the Nicer fort of Pa-
lates. They refill and expel Poifon, and gently
Purge the Belly.

IX. The Preparations. All the Preparations
which are made of Common Wormwood, may be
made of the Marjh Kinds ; yet thefe three are the
moll ufual, viz. 1. A Liquid Juice. 1. A De-
codion in Wine. 3. A Cataplajm.

The Virtues.

X. 7 be Liquid Juice. Taken to 2 or 3 Ounces
in Veal Broth in the Morning, it gently loofens
the Belly, and kills fmall Worms in the Stomach
and Guts.

XI 'The DecoJion in Wine. Taken from a
quarter of a Pint to half a Pint, it refills and ex-
pels Poifon, chiefly rhat of Hemlock : but the
Juice given in Wine for that purpofe, much ex-
ceeds the Decofdion : But the Decoction is good
againll all Pains of the Stomach and Liver -, for
which purpofes the Marjh, exceeds even the
Common Wormwood.

XII. The Cataplajm. The green Leaves made
into a Pultife by beating them with Figs, Nitre
finely poudered, and Darnel Flower; and applyed
to the Belly, Sides, and Flanks, are faid to he good
for fuch as are Splenetick, or are troubled with
the Dropfy.

CHAP. DCCXLVII.

O/WORMSEED.

I. <-p H E Names. I find not by what Greek
X Name it has been called ; but in Latin it
is called Sementina, Semen ad Lumbncos ; Semen
Lumbricorum ; and in Englilh Wormfeed.

II. The Kinds. We make two forts hereof
viz. 1. SemenTranfmarinum, Foreign Wormfeed;
and this is called Santonicum ; Semen SanQum ;
Semen Santonicum , Abfmthij Santcnici Semen ;
Sementina ; Abjinlhium Santonicum Alexandrinum,
Abfmthij peregrini Semen , Shop Wormfeed, and
Wormfeed Wormwood. 2. Sementina Anghca ;
Semen ad Lumbricos Anglicum ; Camelina-, Mya-
grum alterum amarum , Englilh Wormfeed. To

thefe

Chap. 747* ‘Englifh Herbs. 1285

thefe I think good to add, ;. Myagrum Sylvejlre,
Pfeudomyogrum -, Pin aria quinta Tragi ■, Sefama
'Tragi , Wild Gold of Pleafure, or Oily Seed. The
Seed of this ’tis true, when perfe&ly ripe and dry,
has no Bitternefs in it, but is Sweet and very plea-
fa nt, and a moft acceptable Food to fmall Birds,
as Finches , Linnets , and the like ^ but both Herb
and Seed while they are green, have an unaccount-
able Bitternefs beyond Exprefiion, and therefore
whilft it is Green, it isufedas Wormfeed , and will
indeed do the fame thing.

The Defcriptions.

III. The firft, or Shop Wormfeed. It has a
■plentiful Stringy and Fibrous Root , fp reading it
felf far and deep in the Ground -, from whence
rifes up a little fhort Stock , which afterwards
fpreads it felf out into many Stalks , and [mailer

Wormfeed Tranfmarine :

Or, Santonicum .

Ramifications , infomuch that it is very full of
Branches , but with very few Leaves , and thoje
very fmall, and finely cut at the bottom , of an Afh
color -, out jlored fo plentifully with Seed upwards ,
that it feems to be there without Leaves , and whol-
ly to confifi of Seed , which as Rauwolfius fays,
are fomewhat bitter in their Natural Places , and
of a rcaf enable lively and quick Smell with us,
efpecially if they be frefh and not old but are in-
deed much ftronger where they grow , and are but
newly gathered.

IV. The fecond, or Englifh Wormfeed, (which
Gerard calls Treacle W or m feed .) Its Root is fmall
and Woody , perifhing every Pear after Seed time ,
and then rifing again of its own Seed. It grows
with pretty tall upright Stalks , branching them] elves
out towards the top , and thicker fet with long nar-
row green Leaves than the next , fomewhat like to
thofc of the Single Wall-flower, but f mailer , and
of a whiter green color, and at the tops of the
Stalks and Branches , come forth many very fmall

Wormfeed Englifh.

pale yellow Flowers , confi fling of 4 Leaves apiece ■>
very like to thofe of Leucoium Sylveftre, or Wild
Single Wall-flower, but much f mailer, even by more
than half-, which being pafi away, after them come
fmall long Cods, containing within them a very pale
colored Seed, of a very bitter Tafle.

The other Wormfeed Englifh.

V. Ths

1 286 Salmon’ s Tlerhal. Lib. 1,

V. The third, or Wild Gold of Pleafure, the
other Englifh Wormfeed. It has a long J lender
Root, with Jome Strings and Fibres adjoining to it.
It comes up with but one round Stalk almoft a Yard
high , which fpreads it / elf out into Branches or
Arms , which have long and 'fame what narrow Leaves ,
yet almoft twice as broad as the former , ftoarp
pointed , fomething refembling thofe of Wcad, but
that thefe are longer , and broad at bottom , where
they compafs the Stalk about , with two points flick-
ing out on either fide, at whofe tops come forth
feveral whitifh Flowers , very like to thofe of Flax,
after which come forth fmall round Heads , with a
fmall point at the top , very like in fafhion to the
Myagrum with one Seed •, but thefe are full of
fmall yellowijh Seed , like to that of Crefles, which
whilft it is green and frefh , is exceeding bitter ,
tho ’ not fo after it is full ripe and dry.

VI. The Places. The fir It grows in Arabia ,
Syria and Palefttna , from which places the Seed is
brought to us. The fecond grows Wild in many
places of England , which being brought into a
Garden, and there fuft'er’d to Sow its Seed, it will
come up again Yearly of its felf. The third grows
in Germany , and is much found in all their Flax-
Fields and Grounds, which being in Stalk like it,
is accounted a Weed, and call away ; but fome
fave the Seed to give to fmall Buds, on which
they will feed when it is perfectly ripe, and peck
it from the Stalk.

VII. The Times. The firft Flowers late in the
Year, but I think the certain time is not let down
by any Author : The other two Flower in June
and July , and their Seed is ripe in Auguft and
September.

VIII. The Vitalities. They are all hot and dry
as Authors fay, in the third degree.

IX. The Specification. They are only, or chiefly
ufed to kill Worms in the Belly, for which they
have been found very effectual.

X. The Preparations. The Seeds.of thefe Plants
are only ufed, being taken either whole, or a little
bruiled.

T he Virtues.

XI. The Seed of the Santonicum. It is given a
Scruple at a time Evening and Morning to Chil-
dren, either in a few Raifons Itoned, or in the
Pulp of a Roafted Apple or Pear, or in a Stew’d
Prune, or in Honey. It kills Worms in the Sto-
mach and Belly •, but if a little Aloes or Rhubarb
be mixed with it, the Worms will then not only
be killed, but they will likewife be expelled withal.
And if the Seed be mixed with Aloes , and brought
to the form of an Emplaftcr with Ox-Gall , and ap-
plyed to the Stomach and Navel, it is faid to do
the lame thing.

XII. The Englifh Wormfeed. If it is bruifed,
and given from a Scruple to a Dram, Night and
Morning as the former, in any proper Vehicle,
and then wufht down with a Draught of Water-
Gruel, Broth or Poflet-Drink, it is laid effe&ually
to kill Worms in the Stomach and Entrails, of
what kind foever, it being often enough repeated.

XIII. The ether Englifh Wormfeed , or Seed of
the Wild Gold of. Pleafure. This is to be taken
bruifed whilft it is*Green, and whilft its inherent
B.tternefs is yet with it. It may be given from a
Scruple to a Dram, as the former are given, and
is much more effe&ual than them both, being con-
tinued Morning and Night for fome time. This
by reafon of its exceeding Bitternefs, I am afraid
few Children can be obliged to take it.

CHAP. DCCXLVIII.

Of WOUNDWORT.

I- /T' H E Names. All the Woundworts being

X All-heals , they have one and the fame com-
mon Greek Name, which is ^ navcutis ;

in Latin Panax , or Panaces j and in Englifh All-
heal, or Woundwort.

II. The Kinds. There are feveral forts of thefe

Woundworts , many of which we have already
treated of in Chap. IX, X, and XI. CL. and CLL
aforegoing of this Work -, there are fome few re-
maining, which we (hall difeourfe of in this Chap-
ter, and they are» 1. Yidva.% w (•y.n.rwv : irttvaKH

ii$y.K.rncL etrndi'n : Panax Hcracleum verum , Panaces
Heraclea vera , The true All-heal or Woundwort
of Hercules. 2. navaum n Panaces Chiron is ■

Panax Chironis : Panax Aureum , Panaces Aurea ,
Panax Chironium Theophrafti , Herba Doria vulga-
ris, (from one Doria a General of an Army, who
ordered it to be applyed to the Cure of his Soldiers
Wounds j ) All-heal, or Woundwort of Chiron.
3. Panax Chironium Americanum minor, Herba
Doria Americana minor , The leffer American
Woundwort. 4. Panax Aureum Nemorum, Pana-
ces Aurea Nemorum Confolida Aurea Nemorum
The Golden All-heal or Woundwort.

T be Descriptions.

III. The firft, or true Hercules All-heal or Wound-
wort. Its Root is very thick, fat , and full of Juice ,
of a white color, ramified into feveral great or con-
Jiderable Branches. It has many broad green Leaves

Woundwort, or All-heal of

HERCULES.

fprcal

Chap. 7^8. Unglifh Herbs.

287

fpread upon the Ground , or groining near to it, ve-
ry rough and hairy , but of an over-worn green color , '
deeply cut in, into 3 or more parts , not much unlike
a Fig-Leaf, or thofe of the Cow-Parfnep, each
flan ding on a long Footfialk, which as well as the
Leaf is fomewhat rough or rugged. From among
which, rifles up a very ftnmg Stalk , covered over
with a rough hairinefs, 4 or 5 Feet high , (Gerard
fays 4 or ’y Cubits high , which may be in a Rich
Soil, and its Native Climate,) having upon it fuch
like Leaves as grow below, but lejjer and leffler.

It is divided (in flome Flants) into fever al Branch-
es, and flometimes it has only but one Head, the
tops or top of which Branches or Stalk, have upon
them one large Tuft or Umbel of yellow Flowers,
fet together in a Rundle , like thofe of Dill, zohich
turn into Seed, large , flat , and of a Straw color,
Jharp and hot in Tafte, and of a pleaftng Flavour.
From this Plant being Wounded, it is probable that
that valuable Gum called Opopanax, does proceed ,
which is brought to us out of Syria, and the Parts
adjacent, to their Marc Towns, as Alexandria,
Cairo, Damafco, and fome others. But others
fay, that the Gum Opopanax, is produced from
the Panax Heracleum alterum, deferibed in Chap. X.
of this Book aforegoing. I will not difpute the con-
trary, 5 tis probable that they may both produce a like
Gum , difficult to be known af under, ( becaufe their
Juices feem to be of one and the fame color,) and
both called by the fame Name.

IV. The fecond, or All-heal, or Woundwort of
Chiron, called alfo Doria’s Woundwort. The Root
is not fo great as the Plant would feem to have,
but with its larger Branches has many Fibres pro-
ceeding front its Head, which together take flrong
hold of the Earth, not dying in the Winter, but

Woandvoort, or All-beal of
Chiron Common.

coming up frefh again every Spring. It hat many
great, thick, flefhy, long , deep green Leaves , ai-
mofl as long as Dock Leaves, but thicker, fhar.pei
at the points, f mailer at the lower ends , and broad-
er in the middle, fomewhat harfh or hard in hand
ling. From among which, rifles up but one great
furrowed Stalk for the moft part , about a Alans
height, on which grow very Sparingly , two or three
fuch Leaves as grow below , but fmaller. At the
tops of which, and of its Branches, come forth a
great many yellow Flowers, in green fcaly Heads ,
like thofe of Knapweed, greener than thofe of
Golden Rod, or of Saracens Confound, which when
they are ripe , are blown away with the Wind.

V. The third, or leffer American Woundwort,
Its Root is compofed of many blackifh Fibres , long
and fpreading. in the Ground. This Plant is fa like
the former in appearance , that it cannot but be ac-

Woundwort American.

counted a Species thereof : It abides green all the Win-
ter, (as the former does.) Its Leaves are thick, fome-
what long and narrow, but not half fo great as the
former, and of a paler green color, elfe for the
fajhion, very like them. The Stalks which are
many, not riftng to half that height, are round, and
for the moft part lean a little on one fide, not being
able, by reafon of the multitude of flowers to ft and
upright which Flowers Hand upon longer and
greater green fcaly Heads, than thofe of Chitons
aforegoing, and are alfo greater, and more laid
open, with many Jmall, long, narrow Leaves , which
turn into a while lAoffy Down, and are carried
away with the Wind.

VI. The fourth, or Golden All-heal, or Wound-
wort. Its Roots are many fmall while fibres, like
unto the Daifies, whofe Tafte is fomewhat Jharp
and Aromalical, and AJiringent or Binding withal.

This

1288 Salmon’^ Herbal. Lib. I.

T bis Golden Herb , has fever al long , narrow , and
fharp point ed'Lcaves , coming forth from the top
of the Root , very /ifo to Chirons, or Doria’s
Woundwort, but not fo great , /fife

<^/ a darker green color. The Stalks rife not
to much above a hoot high , having here and there
narrower long Leaves on them than below. The
F lowers which Jland at the tops , larger than

thofe of the former , having many narrow , /0/7£,
yellow Leaves , wife/? 0/^77, /ife a Star-Flower ,

with Thrums in their middles.

VII. Tfe Places. The firft is a Native of Syria,
and was brought from thence to Jra/y : It grows
in the Kingdom of Naples as Matthiolus fays, on
the Alpine Hills , and on the Sea Coaft of Siena ,
but with us is Nurft up in Gardens. The fecond
grows as Lobe l fays, near the Banks of Rivers in
Provence , and Narbone in France. The third in
fome parts of Florida in America. The fourth in
thick Woods near Orleance in France but with us,
thefe three laft are Garden Plants.

VIII. The Times. The firft Flowers in Septem-
ber, and fometimes towards the end of that Month.
The fecond and fourth Flower in June and July,
and the third in Augufi , none of them much ear-
lier or later.

Hercules’s Woundwort , or AU-beal.

IX. This Plant, as to its Qualities, Specification ,
Freparations and Virtues , as alfo the Opopanax
proceeding therefrom, have the fame with thofe
of the other Hercules’s All-heals , difeourfed of at
large in Chap. X. of this Hifiory of F L A N T S
aforegoing * fo that the Properties being every way
the fame, we fhall fay no more of them here, but
refer you thither.

Of Chirons, and Golden W onndworty
or All-heals .

X. The Qualities. It is hot and dry in the third
degree, Abfterfive, Aftringent, Vulnerary and
Alexipharmick.

XI. The Specification. Its chief ufe is for the
curing of Green Wounds, and to expel thePoifon,
and cure fuch as are bitten by Vipers, Mad Dogs,
and the Spider Phalangium , and other Venomous
Creatures.

XII. The Freparations. You may have there-
from, 1 . A Liquid Juice. 2. A Decottion in Wine
or Water , 3. An Infolated or Decoded Oil. 4. A
half am. 5. A Pouder. Farkinfon fays, that this
is in a Medium between the Conf ounds , as Saracens
Confound , and the Golden Rod , and therefore that
this needed no farther Repetition or Amplification
of its Virtues. However, we think fit for the
Publick Good, to add the following Settions.

T he Virtues.

XIII. The Liquid Juice. Given inwardly, from
2 Spoonfuls to 4, or more, in a Glafs of Rod
Styptick Wine, it is good againft inward Bleed-
ings, Bruifes, or Ulcers in the Bowels, Reins or
Bladder -, and continued for fome time Morning
and Night, it contributes to the healing of all re-
cent Wounds, running Sores and Ulcers ^ as alfo
the Bitings of Vipers, Mad Dogs, Phalangium , or
of any other ^enomous Creature, in what part of

the Body foever. It is profitable againft Spitting
and Piffing of Blood, the Bloody Flux, and all
other Fluxes of the Bowels whatfoever.

XIV. The Decottion in Water or Wine. It has
all the former Virtues, but as it is weaker, fo it
may be given Dulcified from a quarter of a Pint to
half a Pint. Inje&ed into Fiftula’s, it cleanfes
them, and induces their healing. Sweetned with
Honey, and injeUed into the Yard, it cures a
Gonorrhcea in Men, Ffc.

XV. The Infolated or Decotted Oil. Anointed
upon the Bitings of Vipers, Mad Dogs, the Pha-
langium, or other Venomous Creatures, it cures
them, provided the Patient at the fame time,
takes the Liquid Juice , or Decottion inwardly.

XVI. The half am. It heals fimple green Wounds
many times at once dreffing ^ it alfo digefts old
Sores and eating Ulcers, cleanfing, incarnating,
and drying them, thereby inducing a fpeeedy
healing.

XVII. The Pouder of the Herb. It has all the
Virtues of the Juice and Decottion, and may be
given from 2 Scruples to 2 Drams, Morning and
Night, in a Glafs of the Decottion , for all the pur-
poles aforefaid. Outwardly apply ed in a plenti-
ful manner, upon old running Sores or Ulcers, it
cleanfes them, drys up the Flux of Humors, incar-
nates, and caufes a fpeedy healing.

CHAP. DCCXLIX.

Of WRACK-SEA:

0 R,

ALGA MARINA.

I- np HE Names. It is called in Greek pV*«s
J. Qatsivuv : i n Latin l’ by cos, or P hue us ^ and
Fucus marinus , to diftinguilh it from Fucus berba
which is Anchufa , or Alkanet ; and Alga marina
in Englilh Sea Wrack , or Sea Weed.

II. The Kinds. Tho’ Authors make near 20
forts of thefe Plants ; yet we (hall Difcourfe only
of thefe 6 following, viz. 1. Fucus marinus gra-
mmars^ Alga manna graminea ; Fucus marinus
alter Dodomei ; Palea marina by thofe of Montpe-
lier, being ufed by them for Litter for their Cat-
tle, and the belt fort of Dung for their Fields ;
Alga angufttfolia vitrariorum Bauhini : (becaufe in
the Levant or Mediterranean , they Burn it for
Pot-afhes , whereof they make Glafs.) Grals
Wrack or Sea Weed. There is alfo a broader
fort of it, called Fucus giganteus, and Palmifoli-
um giganteum , by lmperatus. 2. Fucus marinus
Crajjus latijolius : Broad thick Sea Wrack or
Girdle. 3- Fucus marinus latiffimus tenuijolio :
Broad and thin Sea Wrack, or Girdle. 4. Fucus
marinus angujhfo/io, vel fecundus Dodonei ; Alga
marina anguftifolia ; Fucus Zofter Lugduntnfts ;
fucus longo Angufto & Crajjo Folio Bauhini: Nar-
row long and thick Sea Wrack, or Girdles. 5. Fu-
cus marinus Ferulaceus Lobelii ; Mufcus marinus
Ferulaceus , Alga marina Ferulacea : Long Fennel-
like Sea Wrack, or Sea Mofs. 6. Alga tinSorta
LagdunenCts , Fucus marinus tinSoribus Lugdunen-
fts ; Mufcus marinus tinOorius : Dying Sea Wrack,
red Dying Sea Mofs; the Dyers Wrack, with
which they Dye deep Crimfon, or reddilh Purple,
which will laft long.

Ths

Chap. 749. Englijh Herbs.

The Descriptions.

III. The firft, or Grafs Wrack, or Sea Weed.
Its Roots are roandifh and hairy , and blackifh on
the out fide : From whence rife up J mall round and
white hairy Heads , breaking out at the fides as it
were into Branches 3 on the tops whereof Jiand 3
or 4 very long and narrow fojt green Leaves, fome

WRACK-SEA Grafs :

OR, •

Sea Weed Grafs.

Icing 4 or 5 Feet or more long, and about an Inch
more or lejs broad. It has neither Stalk nor Seed,
but lyes on the Ground till the Tide raife it on the
top of the Water ; which being broken off by the
force of the Waves, is carried to the Shore, where
it is Gather'd, and kept for many things.

IV. The fecond, or broad thick Sea Wrack, or
Girdle. This differs from the former, in that the
Root is wholly Fibrous ; the Stalk rtfingfrm thence
thick and round, 2 or 3 Inches high, and the Leaf,
which is fometimes but one, (very feldom two ) of
a very great length. Sometimes 6, 8, or 10 Feet,
or divers Ells long, and above 4 Inches broad ;
equal from a little above the Setting on to the end,
but Somewhat waved, or crumpled on the edges,
being thick, and of a deep green color : fo foft or
tnoift wbiljl it is frejh, that it is almoji like to
(oft Glew-, and will hardly dry, unlefs it lies long
in the Sun ; and wilt not be fit to be kept, till af-
ter many Days drying.

V. The third, or broad and thin Sea Wrack, or
Girdle. This is in all things like the laft, faving
that the Leaves are thinner , broader, andfhorter ;
yet crumpled or waved on the edges, and of a paler
green color ; which when dryed, is almoft like un-
to thin Varchment.

.I289

VI. The fourth, or narrow long and thick Sea-
Wrack, or Girdles. Its Root is round and. flat 3 from
whence fpring 2 or 3 narrow thick Leaves, about a
Foot and half long, divided into fever al fiat, thick
Thongs like Leather , fame long, and fome Jhorier •,
and they again divided into other f mailer and long-
er ones , almoft like a Bufh.

VII. The fifth, or long Fennel like Sea Wrack,
or Sea Mols. The Leaves hereof are very long
and fine, like to thofe cf /fo* Ferula, or Fennel Gi-
ant, growing from Stalks near a Foot long , which

Wrack or Mop Sea Fennnel like.

are divided into many Branches , at whofe tops , white
Flowers and the faid Fennel like Leaves grow. Its
Root is manifold, fometimes a Tard, 2, or 3 long,
and flender , extending and creeping much about.

VIII. The fixth, or Dying Sea Wrack, or red
Dying Sea Mofs or Alga 3 the Dyers Sea Wrack.
It rifes up with 4, y, 6, or more Stalks, 4, 5, or
6 Inches high , each Stalk fpread out into fome few
Branches, each of which are well re pie at with a
fort of fine Leaves on them, not much unlike to
Fennel, of a reddijh color, but with fome whitenefs
mixed together. This is ufed by divers forts of
Mechanicks , to flrike a deep Crimfon color, or red-
difh Purple Dye ■, which will not quickly nor eafily
decay, but laJI long.

IX. The Places. Moft of thefe are found on
our Englijh and Scotch Coalt •, but they are alfo
found in the Levant or Mediterranean Seas 3 and
Coafts of other warmer Climates.

X. The Times. They perifh not in Winter 3
but their chiefeft time of Beauty, life, and Ga-
thering, is in the Summer Seafon, and latter end
of Summer.

XI. The Qualities. Sea Wrack is cold in the
firft Degree, and dry in the fecond 3 Aftringent,
and Anodyn.

1 % B XlL-T/tf

1 290 ; Salmon s Herbal Lib. I.

XII. The specification. Being Applyed whilft
they are frefti, they allay Heat and Incarnations,
eafe the Gout, flop Vomiting, and ftrengthen
the Stomach; and to cleanfe, dry, and heal, old
tunning Sores, and old Ulcers.

XIII. The Preparations. You have, I. The
Sea Wrack in fubfiance, either green or dryei.
2. A DecocTwn of the Dying Sea Wrack. 3. A Pon-
der of the Jame.

the Virtues *

XIV. The Sea Wrack in [ub fiance of the firfi
five Kinds. Whilft frelh and green, being Ap-
plyed as a Cataplafm to the Gout, they abate the
Inflamation, eafe the Fain, and remove the Difeafe,
and withal ftrengthen the Part ; but when dry,
their chief ufe, by the Venetians , our Selves, and
others, is, inftead of Hay or Straw, to pack up
Glaffes, and other tender Wares, to keep them
from breaking : they are alfo ufed as Litter for
Horfes. And being made into a Compoft, are an
excellent good Manure for Barren and worn out
Lands. The firfi of them , which is found in the
Mediterranean Sea, is alfo of ufe to make a kind
of Pot AJhes , of which Glafs is made in tbofe
Countries'^ ; as alfo Soap: But the fame Wrack,
found in our Northern Seas, will do no fuch thing ;
as not containing fo excellent a Salt, nor fo large
a quantity of it, as that does which is Gathered
in the Levant.

XV. The Decotlion of the red Dying Sea Wrack ,
or Sea Mofs. It llrengthens the Stomach, is good
againft the Poifon of Vipers, mad Dogs, and 0-
ther venemous Creatures, and to refill the Longings
of Women with Child : It cools, dtys, binds, and
is good againft all Fluxes of the Belly, and alfo
kills Worms in Children and in the Gout, being
fomented therewith hot, it eafes the Pain : dropt
into the Eyes, it eafes their Pain, and allays their
heat and inflamation. If it is made with Wine, it
flops Vomiting, and admirably llrengthens the
Stomach. In jelled up the Womb, it is good a-
againft the Overflowing of the Terms, and the
Whites in Women ; and after due Purging, cures
a Gonorrhoea in Men ; and injected into the Bladder
in Men, it is good to cleanfe and heal Ulcers in
the Neck thereof : dofe from a quarter to half a
Pint, Morning and Evening. The Decotfiot in Wa-
ter, makes an admirable Dye, whereby Silk, Lin-
nen, Leather, and many other things, may be Dy-
ed and Stained of a moil glorious deep Crimfon,
or a lingular reddifh Purple, which will not eafily
fade, or become dull, but abide in its Beauty for a
long time.

XVI. The Ponder of the red Dying Sea Wrack,
or Sea Mofs. It has all the Virtues of the aforego-
ing DecoUion, being taken inwardly Morning and
Night, from half a Dram to 2 Drams; mixed
foil with a little Syrup of C/ove Gillifloviers , or
of Citron Peels , or fome fuch like, and then mix-
ed with a Glafs of Red Port Wine, and fo drank.
Taken alfo with Wine mixed with Vinegar, or
Syrup of Limons, it is a lingular thing againft
Vomiting, Loathing of Food, and weaknefs of that
Bowel, for it llrengthens it after a lingular man-
ner : Applyed alfo outwardly, to old running Sores
and putrid Ulcers, it cleanfes them, drys up the
Afflux of Humors, and induces their healing. And
given in Wine, it is faid to be good againft the
Stone in the Reins : Injefted with RedPort Wine into
the Yard and Bladder, it is good to heal Ulcers
in the Neck thereof, and to cure a virulent Gonor-
rhea, Univerfals being full Piemifed.

CHAP. DCCL.

O/YARROW Land, or Milfoil.

I. 'f' H E Names. The Arabians call it Egi/os :
X but in Greek it is called x-rgnuriti l x«jj-
<pvhk©-, Stratiotes Cbiliophyllos : ’a^aaH©- aiSnetvs
Diofcoridis ; Achillea Siderilis ot Diofcorides :
in Latine, Millefolium ; Millefolium Milttaris ;
Achilea, Achilet Siderilis : and in Englifh, Tar-
row, Milfoil , and Achilles Woundwort. Many
Authors fay that Millefolium and Achillea, are one
and the fame Plant, and the fame Herb which one
Author calls Millefolium, another calls Achillea :
Others lay, that Chiliophyllus, or Millefolium, is
the general Name, and that Achillea is the proper
Name to one of the particular Species ; but be that
how it will, it is certain that all the Tarroios have
been called by many Authors, by both the Names
indifferently ; the/ the Name Achillea , has by late
Writers, been chiefly applyed to our fifth Species
following.

II. The Kinds. It is not our bufinefs here, to
enumerate all the Kinds of Tarrtms, entreated of
by Authors, for as much as the greater part of them
are perfect Strangers here, we lhall only difeourfe
of fuch as are familiar with us, molt known, and
which are only or chiefly ufed in Phyfick, which
are the five following, viz. 1 . Millefolium album
vulgare , Millefolium album minor ; Stratiotes Mil-
lefolia , Stratiotes terrejiris, Achillea, Achillea
Militarise Our Common White Yarrow. 2. Mil-
lefolium album snajtts Baubini, Litgdunenfis £>
Matthio/i : The Greater White Yarrow. 3. Mil-
lefolium rubrum vulgare. Our Common Red Flow-
ered Yarrow. 4. Millefolium flore rubro maxi-
mum Clufij ; Millefolium maximum ; The Great
Red Yarrow, y. Millefolium Nobile Tragi ; Stra-
tiotes vera ; Stratiotes, & Stratiotes Mil lo folia
Gefneri ; Alillefolium Nobile, ty Achillea Taber -
nemontani ; Achillea Cordi , Lacuna, Alatthioli ;
Achillea Nobiles odor at a ; Achilles’s NobleWound-
wort, fo called from Achilles the General of an
Army, who applyed it for the Curing of his Soldi-
ers Wounds.

T be Descriptions.

III. The firft, or our Common White Flowet’d
Yarrow. Its Root confifts of many long white fibres
or Strings , fpreading far about and deep. It has
many Leaves fpread upon the Ground. , which are
long and winged, finely cut into many fmall parts,
exceeding the fine Leaves of Tanlie. from among
which, rife up 2 or 3 round green Stalks, with
fuch like winged Leaves upon them as grow below,
but [mailer and finer as they approach up to the tops ;
where come forth many fmall flowers which are
white, and fet in a Tuft or Umbel dofe together,
each flower confifting of y fmall round pointed
Leaves, with a little yellowtjh Thrum in the mid-
dle, f melting fome what firong being rubbed in the
Hand, but not unpleafant. Where Note, That,
there is fome Varieties obferved in the f lowers,
fome being more white than others ; fome alfo
thicker fet together ; and fome either greater or
[mailer than others. ,

Chap. 750. Unglijh Herbs . 1291

Yarrow Common.

IV. The fecond, or Greater White Yarrow.
T his in its Roots , form of the Leaves and Flowers,
and manner of growing , differs not much from the

Yarrow White, Great.

former ; faving that the Stalks and Leaves of tl*5
are larger , its green Leaves being as large almojl
as thofe of Tanfie ; the Flowers alfo being greater ,
and fanding in a larger Umbel •, the Smell of which
is a little fironger than ordinary.

V. The third, or our common Red Flower'd

Yarrow. This differs in nothing , neither in Roof ,
Stalks , Leaves , Flowers , manner of growing

from the firff, or our Common White fort , but
only in the color of the Flowers •, thefe being of a
deeper or paler red , or almoff of a bluff color , the
Thrum in the middle being yellow.

VI. The fourth, or Great Red Yarrow. It has
as great , and as large Winged Leaves , or the great
White Yarrow, (at Se£t. IV. above,) but more fine-
ly cut in on the fides. The Stalks are as great
and as high. Branching forth at their tops, and
ffored with large Umbels of red Flowers like unto
them, faving that they are of a fair, bright , red-
difh color, and in fome paler, with pale yellow
Thrums in their middles, which have a pleafmg ,
but fmall Smell.

VII. The fifth, Or Achilles's Noble Woundwort.
This Woundwort , or Yarrow of Achilles, has a
long, thick , and creeping Root under Ground, which
perifhes every Tear after Seed time. It has many
Urge, thin, or fine cut Leaves lying next the
Ground, more finely and deeply cut in, into the
middle Rib, and each part divided alfo, which makes
it to differ fomething from our jirjl Common
Yarrow. From among thefe Leaves, rife up more
and taller Stalks, with divers finer Leaves fet
thereon •, and at their tops many Flowers in Tufts
together , being both more in number, and larger
than our firff Common Yarrow, of a whit iff or
reddifh color, with a yellow Thrum in the middle.
The whole Plant Smells very fweet.

VIII. The Places. The four firft grow all in
England the firft and third of which, are very
common. The fifth is a Stranger with us, being
only Nurft up in Gardens, and requires a fat Ground
and rich Soil.

IX. The Times. They all Flower from the be-
ginning of June, to the end of Summer, viz. till
near Bartholomew-Tide .

X. The Qualities. They are cold in the firft
degree, and dry in the end of the fecond, or begin-
ning of the third, Aftringcnt, Glutinative, Anodyn,
and Vulnerary.

XI. The Specification. They ftop Bleeding at
Nofc or other parts; the Bleeding of Wounds,
Pifling Blood, Bloody Flux, and all other Fluxes
of Blood, inward or outward. Stop the Courfes
in Women, and are good to Cure all Simple Green
Wounds in a very ftiort time, by drying them, and
confolidating their Lips. They eafe the Tooth-ach,
give help in the Colick, and cure the Gonorrhoea
in Men, and Whites in Women, Univerfals being
premifed.

XII. The Preparations. You may have there-
from, 1. The Cleanfed Green Root, or Green
Leaves. 2. A Liquid Juice. 3. An Effence.
4. A DecoUion in Wine or Water. 5. A Pouder
of Leaves and Heads of Flowers. 6. An Oil by
Infolation. 7. A Balfam. 8. A Cataplafm. 9. A
Diftilled Water,

The Virtues .

XIII. The Cleanfed Green Root , or green Leaves.
Being chewed in the Mouth,, and held againtt the
Teeth for fome time, it is faid to give eafe in the
Tooth-ach.

8 B 2

1292 Salmon' s Herbal. Lib. 1.

XIV. The Liquid. Juice. It Hops all inward
Bleedings what ever, as Spitting and Vomiting
Blood, Bloody Flux, Pilling of Blood, the Over-
flowing of the Loches and Terms in Women ^ and
all Fluxes of the Belly whatfoever, being taken
from i, to 3 or 4 Spoonfuls at a time. Morning
and Night, in a Glafsof Red Spanijh or Port-Wine.
Outwardly alfo applyed, it Hops the Bleeding at
Nofe, and Bleedings of Wounds. Taken to the
quantity aforefaid, in l’ome of the Diftilled Water ,
(Univerfals being premifed,) it cures a Gonorrhea
in Men, and the Whites in Women, and other
Weakneffes of the Womb. If droptinto the Eyes,
it takes away their Infiamation, eafes their Pain,
and cures their Rednefs, being Blood-fhot. In-
jeded into Fiftula’s, it cleanfes them, and induces
their healing. Taken to three or four Ounces in
Wine, it is a good Remedy againft Agues, and for
fuch as are troubled with Naufeoufnels or Vomi-
ting, and cannot retain their Food in the Stomach :
It ought to be given 2 or 3 Hours before the Fit,
to be continued till the Ague is gone, and yet ftill
to be repeated for 5, 6 or 7 times afterwards : It
Itops Bleeding at Nofe alfo, being Snuffed or In-
je&ed up.

XV. The Effence. It has all the Virtues of the
Juice exalted, and therefore may be given in a lefler
Dofe, viz. from 1 to 2 Ounces, or two Ounces and
a half^ Morning and Night, in any proper Vehicle.
If given in a Gonorrhoea, or the Whites, a little
Tender of uimber, or Catechu, or both of them may
be added ^ and fo it may be given againft Pilfing
of Blood, and the Overflowing of the Terms in
Women.

XVI. The Decottion in Wine or Water. It has
all the Virtues of the Juice or Effence, and there-
fore may be given from a quarter to half a Pint.
It is a good Lotion for old running Soresj putrid
Ulcers, and inveterate Fiftula’s.

XVII. The Ponder of the Leaves , and Heads of
Flowers. It has the Virtues of the Juice, Effence
and Deco&ion. Dofe from half a Dram, to a Dram
and half, in fome proper Vehicle, as Mithridate ,
Venice Treacle , 8tc. Outwardly applyed, it pre-
fently ftops the Bleeding of Wounds, &c. If the
Pouder inwardly given, be mixed with half a
Dram or 2 Scruples, of fine Bole or Catechu , it
will be fo much the more effe&ual againft inward

• Bleedings, Efc.

XVIII. The Infolated Oil. It gives eafe in the
Gout, and other Neurotick pains and anointed
upon the Head, comforts the Roots of the Hair,
and hinders its fhedding or falling.

XIX. The Buljam. It digefts, cleanfes, incar-
nates, glutinates and drys, and therefore is of Angu-
lar ufe, not only to heal and cure fimple Green
Wounds, but alfo old running Sores, putrid Ul-
cers, and rebellious Fiftula’s, being feafonably and
Artfully applyed.

XX. The Cataplafm. Applyed immediately up-
on a Ample recent ContuAon, it difeuffes it, and
prefently eafes the pain. Applyed to a Bleeding
new Wound, it ftops the Flux of Blood and in
the Gout of Hands or Feet, it prefently gives eafe.

XXI. The Diftilled Water. It has the Virtues
of the Juice, Eflence and Pouder, but nothing near
fo effectual ^ and tho’ it may be ufed in all thofe
cafes alone, or Dulcified, yet it is more often ufed
as a Vehicle, to convey fome of the other Prepa-
rations in down the Throat. Mixt with Honey, it
is a good Ophthalmick, helps rednefs and Inflama-
tions in the Eyes, and cures Sores or Ulcers in
the fame.

CHAP. DCCLI.

Of YARROW Water.

I. *"Tp H E Names. It is called in Greek M-j&l'o-
1 <tvr\ov, Muriophy/lon , from the vaft abun
dance of Leaves which it has, as it were a Million.
as the word imports : in Latin Myriophillum , and
Millefolium Aquaticum : in Englilll Water Yarrow.
and by fome Water Fennel.

II. The Kinds. Authors have made near 3
dozen Species of this Plant •, but we (hall only
prefent you with what are Common to us, which
are, 1. Mvzi'o<pv\\ov Diofcoridis W Galeni Mille-
folium aquaticum vulgatius Millefolium aquatile
Dodomei -, Millefolium aquaticum umbellatum Capil-
laceo brevique folio Bauhini : Our common Water
Yarrow. 2. Millefolium aquaticum Violare My-
riophyllum alter um Matthioh Cf Lugdunenfis My-
riophyllon equifetifolium fluviatile Lobchj •, Viola
aquatilis Dodonai : The Violet Water Yarrow, (by
fome the Water Gilliflower, and Water Violet.)
3. Millefolium aquaticutn Jlcre albo Clufij •, Mille-
folium aquaticum fceniculatum , vel Jceniculifolio ;
Millefolium aquaticum Ranunculi fore & Capitulo
Millefolium Maratriphyllon fore (J? femine Ra-
nunculi aquatici Hepatice facie Lobelij : Crow-
foot, or Fennel Leav’d Water Yarrow.

T be Defcriptions.

III. The firft, or our Common Water Yarrow.
Its Root is fomewbat long, white, and J. lender , with
divers fibres adjoining to it. It rifes up with a
round ftraigbt Stalk, having divers long winged

Yarrow Water, Common.

1 .eaves*

Chap. 751, UngUfh Herbs.

Leaves at the bottom of it , cut and divided into
many fine fin all Leaves , Jet on both fides of a mid-
dle Rib , like unto the Land Yarrow, but much
tenderer , and with as fine Leaves almol ? ns Fennel
it felf. At the Stalk like wife grow fuch fine Leaves
up to the top ; where ft and on Branches , large tufts
of f, 'mall white flowers fet clofe together.

IV. The fecond, or the Violet Water Yarrow.
Its Root is very final l and creeping , fhooting forth
fibres in many places , and a Bunch of fibres at its
end : from which rife up fever al long winged
1 Leaves, confiding of many fmall Leaves, fet on each
fide of a middle R ib, which are larger and greater
than thofe of the former, of a fad green color. The
Stalk, or Stalks, which rife up among them, are
bare of Leaves from the bottom to the upper Joints,

l293

Yarrow Water Crowfoot.

Belonging to Se£t. 5.

Yarrow Water Violet.

whereabout grow divers fnall whitifh and fweet
flowers, fomething like to Stock Gilliflowers, or
Violets $ of 5 Leaves apiece, one row above another,
with yellowifh Threads in the middle. There is a-
nother fort hereof very like it, but that it has lar-
ger Wings, and finer jagged Leaves.

V. The third, or Crowfoot, or Fennel Leav’d
Water Yarrow. It has a long fender Root, with
a fibrous bufh or tuft at its end. It Is a /effer
Herb than any of the former, growing only in
fhallow Waters , where it feldom rifes above an
handful high, with very many, and very fine fhort
Leaves, as / mall as Camomil, and of a yellowifh
green color. The fhort Stalks among them, bear
Jingle ftnall white flowers, refembling the Water
Crowfoot, both in the flowers , and in the finer
Leaves , but has no broad Leaves at bottom, as the
Water Crowfoot has : it bears alfo a head of Seed
after the flower is pa ft, very like to thofe of Crow-
foot, viz. a fmall bunch of Seeds fet clofe toge-
ther.

VI. The P laces. The firft grows very plentiful-
ly about London, even in the Water , and in

many other Parts of England : and fo do the other
two, in Plafhy and Watery places * but the laft
grows only in the Water, efpecially being fhallow.

VII. The Times. They all Flower from the
middle of Summer to the end, viz. from the mid-
dle of June to the middle of September, if the
Seafon is warm.

VIII. The Qualities. They are all cold in
the firft Degree, and dry in the end of the fe-
cond, Aftringent, Glutinative, and Vulnerary.

IX. The Specification. They cool, allay infla-
mations in VVounds and Ulcers, are good againft
inward Falls and Bruifes, help the Strangury, and
give eafe in the Tooth-ach.

X. The Preparations. You may have therefrom,
1. A Liquid Juice. 2. A Decoition in Wine. 3.
A Mixture. 4. A Balfam. 5. ACataplafm.

T be Virtues.

XI. The Liquid Juice. Given from a Spoonful
to 2 Spoonfuls or more, raixt with a little Vine-
gar, it is good againft inward Bruifes coming by
a fall from fome high place * and fo mixt, being
held in the "Mouth, it eafes the Tooth-ach.

XII. The Decoition in Wine. It has the Virtues
of the Juice; and fomented upon inflamed Wounds,
it abates the Inflamation, and eafes the Pain : Ta-
ken with a Scruple, or half a Dram of Salt of
Tartar, it opens Obftru&ions of the Llrinary Paf-
fages, and gives eafe in the Strangury.

XIII. The Mixture. Take of the DecoQion
8 Ounces ; Spirit of Wine, an Ounce and halt ;
Nitre in fine Pouder, 3 Drams : mix and diffolve.
Ufed as a fomentation, and as a Wafh, or Lotion, it

gives

i294

Salmon’/ tlerbal. Lib. 1.

gives eafe in old painful running Sores and Ulcers,
allays their Inflamations, digelts, cleanfes, incar-
nates, and heals them.

XIV. T he half am. It digefts and cleanfes ad-
mirably all running, putrid or filthy, and foul
running Sores and Ulcers ; and with the Mixture
aforegoing, quickly incarnates and heals them.

XV. The Cataplafm. Beaten up with Nitre in
fine Pouder, adding thereto a little Wine Vinegar,
and bringing it to a confiftency with Barley flow-
er, and lo applyed to a Simple recent Contulion,
it difculles it, hinders thd Inflamation, and takes
away a hot Fluxion if prefent : It difculles hot
Tumors alfo, eafes Pain, and is truly profitable
againft the Gout.

CHAP. DCCLII.

Of YUCCA; HIUCCAi

o R,

C A Z A V L

I. '"p H E Karnes. It being to us a Plant of
_L new Invention, it cannot be fuppofed to
have any Greek or Latine Name, but it is called
by the Indians Hiucca , Jucca and Yucca • alfo
Mandioca , Manihot , and Cazavi many, or all ol
which Names, are brought into the Roman Tongue ^
and the lalt, viz. Cazavi , or Cafavi , is made
Englifh .

II. The Kinds. It is divided into the True and
Suppofititious. The True Yucca , or Cazavi , is
j. Hiucca , five Yucca , five Mandioca Genuina
Mexicana , folijs Cannahim s , The True Indian
Cazavi or Yucca , Hemp- Leav’d. 2. Hiucca , five
Yucca , five Heiich Americanum The Mallow-
Leav’d Indian Cazavi , or Potatoe-like Cazavi.

3. Yucca, folijs Aloes , five Jucca India put at a ,
The Suppofititious Indian Cazavi : This is not the
True Yucca , or Cazavi of Oviedut , Thevet , and
others, of which the Bread Cafavi is made, as
Monardw has plainly demonftrated -, for the True
Yucca is the Hemp- Leav’d Yucca , firft Named, its
Leaves being divided into 7, 8, or 9 parts, Hand-
ing on long Footftalks, as immediately will be
declared.

The Descriptions.

III. The firft, or True Indian Yucca, or Cazavi.

It has a pretty great long Root , as great as that of
a large Carrot, brown on the out fide, and very white
within , alfo Sappy , and full of a Juicy Plefhy
Subflancc. This Root is Planted every Year , or
every other Year , and quickly grows to be very great
or large , and long withal. Prom this Root Springs
forth one or more woody Stalks , of 4, $, or more
feet high , growing up to be as it were a fmall
Shrub. Upon the Stalks grow many fair broad
Leaves , each upon a long footfall:, and divided
into 5, 6, 7, or more parts, or fingle Leaves as it
were, not much unlike to HeUeborafter, or Hemp-
Leaves, (whence it has part of its Name,) which
Leaves are about 6 Inches long , two Inches or more
broad, not indented, but even about the edges, and
abiding always Green. The Stalk is divided into
divers unequal Branches, bearing many pretty large
flowers , Spotted a little they are narrow at their
bottoms, long and /harp pointed, and are in number
fix, white on the infde, but of a dead brownifh
white color on the outCide ; fo that it is a flower
of no great Beauty, and is only to be ejleemed as
mi Exotick rarity .

IV. The fecond, or Mallow - Leav’d Indian
Cazavi, or Potato-like Cafavi, or Yucca. This
has a Root 7, 6, 7, 8, or 9 Inches long , and fome-
times longer, great and thick at its top, and Jharp
pointed at the bottom , very like to thofe of the
great long Turneps : This Plant is of two forts ,
viz. one which is yellowifh, and another which is
white , when they are Boiled or Baked into Bread,
from the top of this Root, fprings forth many long ,
fender, tender weak Branches of Leaves, fome of
them being very long, and fome much Jhorter fome
not a half , and fome not a third part of the length
of the longer Stalks of Leaves. Tbefe Stalks have
each of them at their extremities , one large Leaf
much larger than thofe which grow below them,
about the middle , or other parts of the Stalk ,
which are not a quarter part, and many times not
an eighth part , or tenth part of the Magnitude of
the great Leaf at the end of the Stalk all which ,
both greater and f mailer, are roundifh , with fome
refemblance of a Mallow-Leaf, whence come part
of the Name. Thefe Stalks of Leaves are fo weak ,
that the longer of them never grow upright , but
always trail upon the Ground, and the veryfhortefl
of them lean much, never growing per fettly upright,
but in a declining pofiure.

V. The third, or Suppofititious Indian Cafavi.
It has a great thick , and withal long tuberous Root ,
J p reading it felf out in time , into many other Tube-
rous Heads, from whence fhoot forth many long,
hard, and hollow , or narrow guttered Leaves , of a

Yucca Suppofititious.

thick Subjhmce , Jharp edged, and Jharp pointed,
encompafjing one another at the bottom , of a gray-
,J1, green color , abiding frejji continually , or Jel-
dom falling away, with fever al hard Thread! run-
ning in or thro ’ them length-way! which when
Withered , become pliant withal, to bind thing! up
with. Prom the middle of this Bunch of Leaves ,
fprings up a firong round Stalk, and that every

Chap. 7 5 2. Unglijh Herbs .

i

TVtfr, in the Native Places of its Growth , (but \ot
every Ttur with us , in our Colder Climates \ ) which
Stalk Jpreads its felf out into feveral Branches,
on which grow divers Flowers, fomewhat large , and
hanging downwards, conjifling of fix Leaves, with
divers Veins , of a weak reidijh or blujh color,
fpread on the back of the three outward Leaves ,
from the middle to the bottom , but not reaching to
the edge of any Leaf, Thefe flowers abide not long,
but quickly fall away, without bearing any Seed in
our Cold Countries.

VI. This Plant is thus deferibed by Gerard.
It has a great Root, thick and Tuberous, very
knotty, and fu/l of Juice, which is fomewhat
facet in Tqfle, but of a Pernicious Quality, from
which Root, rifes up immediately very many Leaves
round the head thereof the Stalks of which arc
about a Cubit long, holloaed like a Gutter or Trough,
very fmootb, and of a green color , like unto that
c) Woad. The edges of the Leaves arefbarp, like
the edge of a Knife, and of a brown color. The
point of the Leaf is a Prickle, asjharp as a Needle ;
and the whole thereof being well viewed, is not much
unlike to a Wherry, or fome fuch like Boar. Thefe
Leaves are alfo very tough, hard to break, and not
eafie to be cut, except the Knife be very fharp.
To this Defcription, Johnfon upon Gerard alfo
farther adds. In fome Tears (fays he ,) it puts
forth a pretty (tiff, round Stalk, fame three
Cubits high, divided into divers unequal Branches,
earning very many pretty large flowers, J hoped
fomewhat like thofc of FritiUaria, but that they
arc narrower at their bottoms ; the Leaves of the
flower are fix in number, which are of a white
color on their inftie, but on the out fide, of an over-
worn reddijh color, from the footflalk to the midjl
of the Leaf-, fo that it is a flower of no gnat Beau-
ty, but is only cflecmed for its rarity.

VII. T be Places. The two firft grow in moft
places of America , from Florida to Peru, and
about the Straights of Magellan, as alfo in the
Illands of the Ocean, as in Jamaica, Barbadoes,
and others of the Caribbee and Leeward lflands,
even in thofe places where they had Maize, or
Indian Wheat. The third or lalt of them, grows
alfo in all, or moft places in the Weft- Indies,
where the two former grow, from the Southern
parts of Brazil and Chili, to the Cape of I ’lori-
da •, and in moft of the Canabal lflands , and
other Countries neat adjacent to them ; as like-
wife in our- Englijh Plantations, as in Virginia,
Maryland , New-England, Etc. as it is conftantly
affirmed.

VIII. The Times. The Seafons wherein the
fitft and fecond Flower and Seed ate uncertain,
and thereof Authors have faid nothing. The third
or laft, Flowers about the middle or latter end of
July, the Flowers falling away within a little time
after they have been blown open ; but as for its
Seed, it has neto been obferved to come to perfefti-
on with us. As tp its Leaves, Gerard fays that
they kept Green both Winter and Summer, in his
Garden, without any covering upon them to de-
fend them, notwithttanding the injury or infelicity
of out cold Climate.

IX. The Qualities. Of thefe forts of Plants,
the Roots ate only of ufe. The Juice of the fir li
is hot and dry in the fourth degree ; Volatile in
the higheft degree, and Deleterious or Poifonous ;
and fo is the Root it felf, if eaten whilft it is
frelh and moift ; but when dry, or reduced into
Flower, it is temperate in refpefb to heat or cold-
nefs, drynefsor moifture, being perfeftly free from
any Vencne or malign Quality, and fit for Food
and Nouriftiment of the Body. The Juice of .the

2 95

fecond , is affirmed by fome to be free from any
Poifonous or hurtful Qualities, whereas others fay,
it has the fame L deleterious Qualities with the firft.

I know nothing of it by Experience, but if the Root
is of the nature of Spanijh Potatoes , as is affirmed,
it muftbe Innocent enough ; and the Root it felf,
anfwers to all the Intentions of the firft Plant. The
raw Juice of the third , is faid to be Deadly, or ve-
ry dangerous, like to the Juice of the firlt. Aidi-
ng relates, that a Wound made in his Hand by
the ffiarp Prickle or point at the Leafs end, gave
him fuch intolerable Pains as almoft Diftrafled
him, (which fhews the Malignity of its Subtil and
Volatile parts,) and that he could have no eafe tilL
he applyed his own Balfam thereto, which cured it.
But the dryed Root, or the Flower thereof, is in-
nocent, temperate as to heat or cold, and dry in
the firlt degree, fit to make Food of, in like man-
ner as the former.

X. The Specification . Authors have aferibed no
Virtues to thefe Plants $ but if we may make an
Eftimate of them, from the confideration of their
Roots being received as Food, and nourilhing Man-
kind, making him to increafe in Subftance and
Strength it is rational to believe that they are
reftorative in Confumptions, comfort and refrefh
weak and decayed Nature, accordingly as they
may be applyed to thofe purpofes : And as they
are of a drying Quality, fo they may be Aftrin-
gent, and lo be profitable to Itop Fluxes of the
Bowels -, this we fpeak as to the Root it felf.
And as to the Juice, when it is well prepared, fo
as to be divelied of its Deleterious and Poifonous
Qualities, it may be of excellent ufe to allay the
heat of Fevers, quench Thirft, cure fore Mouths
and Throats, and the like as alfo to chear and
refrefh the Vital Spirits, when oppreft and weak-
ned thro1 Cares, Affli&ions, Melancholy, Pertur-
bations of the Mind, or any prelent Heterogene
matter depreffing them.

XI. The Preparations. You may prepare from
the Juices of all thefe Plants, but efpecially from
the Juice of the firft of them, i. A Drink. 2. A
Vinegar. 3. ARoborSapa. And from the dryed Root,
1. A Flower. 2. Cazavi, or a Fine White fort of
Bread ^ the like of which may be prepared from
both the fecond and third forts alfo.

XII. An Obfervation. That the Juice of the
firft of thefe Plants, (if not of the other two) is an
Egregious Poifon, Experience, as well as the Tefti-
mony of Authors, has fufficiently afeertain’d ^ and
that it is a Poifon of that indubitable Efficacy,
that it certainly Kills in a very fliort time after the
taking of it ; whilft the Root it felf when dryed,
and the Juice when fufficiently boiled, have not
the lealt of any fuch Qualities in them ^ the
daily Eating and Drinking of them for many (cores
of Years, have allur'd us that they h3veno malign
or hurtful Qualities in them, but abfolutely on the
contrary, are Confervatory to the Health, Strength
and Life of Mankind, which feems to be a kind of
Paradox * fince other Poifons, neither drying, boil-
ing, nor even burning, can alter their innate Pro-
perties. The like is to be faid of Opium , that the
Pouder of that Succulent Gum being gradually dry-
ed, has not the leaft Deleterious property in it,
(what ever it had before) but on the contrary, in-
ftead of making Sick at Stomach, caufing Vomi-
tings, Convulfions, Faintings and Swoonings (as it
has done in multitudes of People,) does reftore and
comfort the Tone of the Stomach, chear and enliven
the Patient, and profligates the prelent Evil beyond
all that poflibly it could do, whilft it retained with-
in it, its Native Deleterious humidity * this is a

. Note worthy of Obfervation.
fc XIII. It

1296 Salmons Herbal. Lib. 1.

XUl. It may then be demanded how thefe things
come to be freed from thofe their Deadly Quali-
ties ? To which I anfwer, That their Poifons are
Volatile, highly Volatile, Volatile even in the high-
ell degree $ which by the means of the heat of the
Tire, or Subtil Attractive properties of the Air, are
made to evanifh, and fly away, and fo clear the
remaining parts of the matter, and make it ab-
folutely free from any hurtful or evil Quality ^
whereas had that Poifon been fixt, and effentially
incorporated into the fubftance of the matter, every
Particle thereof would have had the fame Proper-
ties, nor could any Evaporation, drying, or even
burning it felf, have alter’d it, but that it would
have been inviolably the fame, as long as it could
conferve it felf in the World -, of which Truth,
and matter of Fa£t, many Examples are eafie
to be given.

The Virtues,

XIV. The Drink. It is made of the exprejfed
Juice of the Root ■, which when it is new preft
out, has an evil Smell, and of fuch hurtful Qua-
lities, that whofoever lhould tafte of it, whether
Man or Beall, dies without Remedy, and that
quickly. T he rind of the Root is fir ft pared away ,
then the Root it felf is either /craped , or broken
into fmall bits , and bruifed •, after which , it is put
into a Hair Cloth or Bag , or fome other proper
Strainer , and is exprejfed by the help of a P r e/s , &c.
This Juice they Jake , and boil it half away , which
afterwards by a very gentle Per mentation, becomes a
good , wholejom, and plea/ant Drink, like to a mid-
dle fort of Ale. It quenches Third admirably,
cools in Fevers, more efpecially if the Juice of a
Limon or Orange is fqueez’d into it : It chears the
Spirits, refrefhes the Vifcera, and refills the malig-
nity of putrid and pellilential Difeafes. If made
very fweet with Honey, it makes an excellent Gar-
garifm for a fore Mouth or Throat, and to cleanfe
and heal Ulcers in thole parts.

XV. The Vinegar. It is made of the exprejfed
Juice, by Jetting it in the Sun till it becomes acid ,
and as fharp as the befi Wine Vinegar. Authors
fay, that the Vinegar made hereof, is full as good
as that which is made of Wine. It cools in Fevers,
and quenches Third, and is admirable againd ma-
lign and Pellilential Difeafes. It may be made in-
to a Syrup with Honey, or double refined Sugar,
which drank mixt with Water, or other proper
Liquid, cools fingularly, any heat or Inflamation
of the Vifcera, opens Obdru&ions of the Lungs,
and caufes free breathing. It likewife heals all
forts of Sores, Cankers, and Ulcers of the Mouth
and Throat, cleanfing and drying them ; and alfo
alleviating any Inflamation in thofe places.

XVI. The Rob or Sapa. It is made of the Juice
boiled to the thicknefs of new Honey. When it is
fo Boiled, to fuch a Confiltency of a £>jiiddony, it
is (as Authors fay) as fweet as Honey. Of this, a
kind of Mead may be made, by mixing it with Water
in the fan e proport ion, as you ufe of Honey, when
you make Mead thereof. But if the quantity of this
Rob or Sapa, be half as much more, it will make
the Diink fo much the dronger, and- more plea-
fant withail. It is a pleafing fort of Liquor, to

Finitwr, 25 Decemb. 1708.

drink in hot Weather, to refrigerate or coo!, and
quench Thirll. /'

XVII. The flower of the Root. Jki/ made by
exprejfinglhe Juice , and then drying remainder ,

after vjhich, it is reduced to a due 'ini Subtil
flower , either by Grinding it in a proper Mill, or
by beating it in a Mortar , and continually Sifting
it, till the whole Mafs is reduced to fuch a Subtil
Conjijiency. Some only flicc the Root into very thin
Slices , which they fet edge-ways , fo that the Juice
may drain out of its own accord, and continue it fo
J landing till it is thro ’ dry ■ after which, they break
it into fmall bits with their fingers, and then c
ther by a proper Mill , or by beating in a Mortar,
reduce it to fine flower as aforejaii. Of this
Flower with Milk, Eggs, fSc. they make Cakes,
Pan-Cakes, Puddings, Cheefe-cakes, &c. as ’tis
ufually done with Wheat Flower, which are very
fweet, Palatable, good and nourilhing, and very
fuitableto the Bodies of Human kind.

XVIII. Cazavi, or the Bread. It is mads of the ‘
aforegoing fine flower with Water, or rather Ncu.
Milk , either alone, or adding leafi. Eggs, or whatever
may make the Bread light and pleafant -, which they
form into little, thin, fmall Loaves at fleafure , and
fo gently Bake them ; which Bread feems to be almoft
as white as Snow. This wkilft it is New, is very
pleafant, palatable, and agreeable to the Stomach,
and what the niceft Appetite will not refufe. And
when Stale, very good and pleafant, tho’ not fo
taking as when it is New : But I have eaten of it
when Stale, (being about y or 6 Months old,) and
to me it feemed to be full as good as any of our
Wheat-Flower Bread, of four or five days old.
This Bread Authors fay, will abide and keep good
for a very long time. Some make their Bread thus.
They take the Mafs of the Root, from whence the
Juice is prefs’d, which they put into an Earthen
Pan, and fet it over the fire to make it grow thick ;
then being dry, they beat it into Ponder : This Pon-
der they moijien with Water , and form it into fmall
Cakes or Loaves, which they dry in the Sun , and
then keep them for ufe. Thefe little Cakes or
Loaves, will keep good for a long feafon, even
twenty Years without corrupting, and give good
Nourifhment to the Body.

XIX. Of this Root, the Americans, or TPeJl-
Indians in many places, (tho’ they had Male, or
lndian-Wbeat in great plenty, )-'djd make their
Bread, on which they Lived, after the formet
manner, and that (as they fay,) for fqme hundreds
of Years ; which Bread was ufed by'alPthe People
of America , from the moil Southemjp'arts of Chili
and Peru, even to the Northern parts of flortk,
or New-Eng/and.

XX. The way and manner of Planting and Pro-
pagating it, is this. Of the firft fort or kind ;
they cut oft' a Stalk about a Foot long, which they
put more than half way into the Ground, where it
fuddenly takes Root, and within a Year or little
more, the Root comes to be fuife%itly great, and
fit to be taken up for the ufes a^BBentioned. The
fecond kind is Planted from the^Sjt cut into ma-
ny pieces, each piece having fome of the outfide
thereon ; Thefe pieces they put each into a hole
in the Earth, made fit for them, which in a
Yeats time or lefs, grow to their juft Magni-
tude, and are fit for taking up, and to be prepared
for Food.

THE END

Index PL ANT ARUM.

Note> The Number denotes the Chapter.

A.

A Corns true. Flag Sweet Smelling,
Acorus verust Acorum, Chap. 267.
Adders Tongue, Ophioglojjum , Lingua
Serpent is. 1.

Adders-Wort, fee Biftort, Coluhrina.
Adonis-Flower, Flos Adonis , Flos Adonidis , Er an-
them urn . 2.

Red Flowered, Adonis flore rubro.

Yellow Flowered, Adonis flore luteo.
Agrimony, Agrimonia , Eupatorium. 3.

Water, Agrimonia aquatic a. 4, 7.

Ballard, Agrimonoid.es . 3.

Alehoof, Ground Ivy, Hedera Ter ref r is. 6.

Small, Terreftris minor.

Mountain, - — Montana.

Stone, Saxatilis.

Alexanders, Hippofelirtum , Smyrnium , Equapium , 7.

Cretick, Crctica.

Alkanet, Anchufa , 8.

Letter, altera.

All-heal Clowns, Panax Coloni , Stachys paluftris , 9.

Common, Herculeum alterum , 10.

American, Americanum.

Of iEfculapius, Afclepium , 11.

All-Seed, Polyfpermum , Atriplex Sylveftris , 12.
Anemonie, Wind-flower, Anemone , Lterta tw7/z,
n, 738-

Wild, — Sylveftris , ■ Nemorum , 14.

Angelica Garden, Angelica , 17.

Wild, Sylveftris, 16.

Water, Aquatic a. Archangelica , 17.

Anife, Anifum , 18.

Apples-Love, Pomum amoris , — Malum Aureum , 1 9.
Apples-Mad, AW<z infana , 20.

Apples Thornie, Stramonium , Pomum Spinofum. 21.
Archangel, Dead Nettle, Urticainers , — mortua, 22.
Red, Lamium purpureum.

Stinking, Galeopfis.

White, Lamium album, Vrtica iners alba% 23.
Yellow, — Luteum , — L#/^, 24.

Arach Garden, Atriplex fativa, 27.

Wild,- Sylveftris , 26, 27.

Stinking, Fcetida, 28.

Sea, Marina, 29.

Arrow-Head, Sagitta, Sagittaria, 30.

Arfmart fpotted, or mild, Perficaria , 31.

Arfmart hot or biting, Hydropiper, Perficaria non
maculata , 32.

Artichoak, Cinera, 338.

Alarabacca, Afarum, 33.

Wild, Sylveftris, A farina, 34.

Afphodel, Afphodelus, A Ibucus, Haft ula Regia, 37.
Onion, — hulbofus, — Hyacinthim/s, 36-
Wild, — Pal ufter, Pfeudoafphodelus, 37.
Afparagus, Afparagns, 38.

Marlh ■ Marinus vel Paluftris , 39.

Wild, ’ Sylveftris , 40.

Avens, Caryophyllat a , Sanamunda , 41.

Mountain, — — <£>*/?» — Montana, 42.

B.

BAtchelors Buttons, Lj-cto Sylveftris mul -
tiflora, hi.

Barley, Horde urn, 43.

Wild, Agrefte, 44.

Way, Sfurium, — . /tW/'-

num.

Bane-wort, /rc Spear-wort -? Flammula, 647.
Barren-wort, Epimedium, Epipetron, 47.
Bafil-Garden, Ocimum vel Bafihcum Hortenfe. 45.
Citron, Ocimum Citratum, 47.

Clove, Cary ophy l latum.

American,- Americanum, 48.

Stone, Acinus, Clinopodium, 49.

Wild, Ocimum Sy heft re, Clinopodium , 70.
Ballam Apple, Balfamma mas, Balfamina Cuaume-
rina, 71.

Female, altera — — Fcemina, 72.

Bawm, Mehjfa, Mehfjophyllum, 73.

Baftard, — — Noth a, — nothurn.

Turkey, Turcioa, Citrago Turcica, 74.

Beans Garden, Ezta Hortenfis, 77.

Kidney, Phafeolus, fimilax Hortenfis , 76.
Scarier, Faba coccinus, Phafeolus cocci nits.

Field, Equina minor agria. 77.

Flat, Lupine, Lupinus, 479.

Bears-Breech, Branca urfina, Asantha fativa, 78*
Bears Ear Sanicle, Sanicula urfina, 617.
Bears-Ears, Auricula ur ft, fanic ula, 79, 780.

Bear -Foot, Helleborus notions, Hellebor after
349*

Befom-weed, Flax- weed, Linaria, 269.
Bee-Flower, Oc/;/* Mufcaria , 296.

Beets, Zte/4, 60.

White, S/V«/j £? 5/V/j;

Red, — — rubra vel nigra, 6 r.

Roman, Romana, 62.

Bell-Flower fmall, Campanula, 6 3.

Great, Campanula magna, 64.

Bells Coventry, PWtf A’lariana.

Betony Wood, Betonica, 6 7.

Water, Aquatica, 66.

Bifoil, Bifolium , Ophris , 67.

Marlh, Paluftre-

Billberrys, Vaccinia , Vitis Id.eaTbeophr. 736.

Marlh, Vaccinium Paluftre.

Bind- weed, Volubihs, Convolvulus, 68.

Letter, minor, 69.

Black, Volubilis nigra, 70.

Sea, Convolvulus Marwus, Soldanella 71.
Birds- Eye, Paralyfs Sanicula Anguftifolia 7 2.
Birds-Foot, a kind of Vetch, Ormthopodium, 722.
Birds - 7 ongue, or St ire a- wort, Leucanthemum

66j. *

Birds-Nefl, Nidus Avis, Neottia, 73.

Bilhops- W eed,^Ammi, Ameos , 74.

Foreign, Cuminum Regiim, 77.

Aromatick, Ammi Aromaticum.

Biftort-Engiilh, Biftorta, 76.

8 C Bilhops-

Index Thmtarum.

Bilhops-Leaves, Be tonica Cannabina , 66.
Bitter-Sweet, Amara dulcis , Dulcamara Sol an ion
Arbor efcc ns, 77.

Bitter-Wort, Gcntiana , 311.

Blew-Bottle, Cyanw, 78.

Double Flowered, — — multiflorus , 77.

Elite,. Bhtum, 8f>. • ' 1

lied,- lifbrum , 81.

BloOvEwort, Lapuibum Snngnir.eum, rub rum, 82/
Borage, Bor ago, 8?.

Brake, Fern, F/7/jr, 258.

Bread Indian, Yucca, Cazavi, 752.

Brier-Bufh, Kofe Wild,.R^ Canina, 602.

Brier fweer, Rofa Eglenteria, 601.

Brimftone-wort, or Hog-Fennel, Peucedanumfceni-
culum Porcinum, 255.

Britanny, Hydrolapotbum nigrum, 87.

Broom Common, Gemfta, 84.

Spanilh, Spnrtum, Spartum Hfpanicum, 87:
Rape, Orobanche, Cauda Leon is, Leimodo-
ron, 86. (280.

Briftol- Flower, Lychnis Byzantina , — Cbalcedomca,
Brooklime, Becabunga, Anagallis Aquatica, 87.
Bruife-vvort, Soap-wort, Saponaria, St r lithium , 639.
Bryony white, Bryonia , Bryonia alba, V it is alba, 89.
Black, Bryonia nigra, Vitis nigra , Sigillum
S a nlke Marine, 90.

Bubo-Grafs, Starwort, After, Bubonium, Inguina-
Us, 664.

Bucks- horn, Coronupus, Cornu Cervi, vel Cervi-
num, 91.

Buckram, fee Wake-Robin, Arum, 730.
Buck-Thorn, Rhamnus, Spina Cervina.
Buck-Wheat, Tragoporum, Tragotriticum, Trago-
pyrum, 732.

Buck-Bean, Marlh-Trefoil, Trijolium paludrfum ,
vel paluftre, 707.

Bugle, Bugula, Bugulum, Confolida media, folida-
go minor, 92.

Buglofs-Garden, Bugloffum Hortcnfe , 93,

Wild, or Ox-Tongue, Buglojfum Sylveftre.
Lingula bub ala, 94.

Vipers, Echium, Viperinum, 97.

Scone, Ofma, 96.

Wall, Lycopfis, 96.
iMarlh, Limonium , 97. 447.

Bulbonack, Honefty, Sattin-Flower, Viola Luna-
ria, 01S.

Bull- wort, fee Bifhops-Weed, Am mi, 74.
Bull-Rufh, Junct/s Aquatic-us maximus, '668.
Burdock Great, Bardana,P crfonata,Lappa major, 98.
Small, Xantbium , Lappa minor, Bardana
minor, 99.

Burnet, Pimpinella , Sanguiforba , ici.

Burnet Saxifrage, Pimpinella Saxifraga, 6 27.

Burr- Reed or Sedge, Carex, Sparganium, 793.
Burlf-wort, Rupturewort, Hermann, 607.
Butchers - Broom , Kneeholm , Rufcus , fcapa

regia, 417.

Butterbur, Petafttis, loo.

Bucter-Flowers, Crowfoot, Ranunculus, 172.
Butter- wort, Pinguicula, Cucullata , 102.

C.

Abbage, Brafjcacapitdta,

White, alba.

Red, rubra.

Calamint, Calamintha, 104.

Field or Wild, — — agreftis, 107.

Calathian Violet, Autumn Gentian, Pneumenan •
the, Campanulla Autumndlis , 312.
Calfs-Foot, Wake-Robin, Arum , Pes bub ulus, 730.
Caltrop-Land, Tribulus Terreflris , 106.

Water, Aquations , Laouftris , 107.

Calves-Snour, Snapdragon, Antirrhinum, 637.
Cammock, Eelt-harrow, Are ft a Bovis , Anonis,
Rcmorum Aratri , 109.

Camomil, Cbamomilla, Cham&mclum, Anthemis, ic8.
Campions, Lychnis, no.

Wild, • Sylveftris, 1 1 1.

Corn, Segetum.

Sat, Marina. j

Feathered, — — Plum aria.

Canker-Rofe, Brier Bulh, Rofa Canina, 602.
Canterbury-Bells, Throat-wort, Troche hum, 696.
Capons-Tail, Great Wild Valerian, Phu Sylveftre ,
Valeriana Sylveftris , 720.

Caprifoil, Woodbind, Pcriclymcnum.

Caraway, Car urn. Care urn, U Carui, 117.
Carnations, Clovegi Hi Bowers, Caryopbillus, 139.
Carpenters- Herb, Self-Heal, Prunella, Confolida
minor, 629.

Carrot-Garden, Paftinaca tenuifolia, 114. /

Wild,’ Sylveftris, Daucus, 117.

Of Creet, Daucus, Daucus Crcti-

. cus, u 6.

Carthamus, SafF-Flower, Baftard Saffron, Cnicus,
Cart ham us, 6 13.

Catch-Fly, Mufcipula , Vifcaria , 1 1 2.

Caflidony, Stcechas, Stichados , 668.

Cat-Mint, Nep, A 'epeta, Mentha Cat aria, 517.
Cats- Foot, Alehoof, Ground Ivy, ChamceciJJus , 6.
Cats-Tail, Typha Aquatica, 113.

Catterpillers, Scorpion-Herb, Scorpioides , 6 27.
Celandine, Che/idonium , Hirundinaria , 1 20.

Centory Greater, Ccntaurium majus, 1 1 8.

Leffer, minus, parvum, no.

Ceterach, Spleen-wort, Afplcnium, Scolopcndri-
um, 652.

Charlock, Rapiftrum, 121.

White Field, Lampfana.

Water, Aquaticum.

Celtick Spicknard, Pfeudonardus, Nardus Cel-
tic d, 647.

Cherry- Winter, Alkakengi, Halicacabum, — Veficari-
umPlinij,SolanumVeficarium, 122.
Chervil-Garden, Cerefoli urn Sativum, 123.

Sweet, Sweet Cilley, Alyrrhis , Cerefolium
magnum.

Wild, Sylveftre , Chxrophyllum, 124.

Toothpick, Gingidium, Bif acuta, 127.
Cheefe-Rennet, Ladies Bedftraw. Gallium , 419.
Chichiings Annual, Lathyrus , 12 6.

Chickweed Common, Alfine, 127.

Water, — Aquatica.

Baftard, notha.

Chrtftmas-Flower, Heilebor black true, Hellebo-
rus, Ve rat rum, 348,

Cifley Sweet, Chervil Sweet, Myrrhis, Charefo-
lium magnum, 123.

Chiches, Ciches, Ciccr, 770.

Black, Arietina.

Cichory, Succory, Cichorium, Cichorea , 6 73.
Cinkloil, Pentaphyllum, Quinque folium , 130.

Ciftus Male, Sage, or Holy Rofe, Ciftus mas , 1 3 2.
Female, Ciftus focmina, 133.

Dwarf, fmall Sun-Flower, Heliantbemum
parvum, Cham£ciftus , 1 3 1 .
Claver-Grafs,Medick Fodder, St. Foin, Medica, 1 3 7.
Citruls, Water Melon, Anguriafitrulfus, 485.
Clary Garden, Horminum, Scar lea, 137.

Clary WM,Oculus Chrifti, Horminum Sylveftre, 138.
Cleaver, Goofe- Grafs, Aparine, Afperugo, 13 6.
Clot Bur, Burdock, Bardana, 98.

Clovegilliftower, Carnation, Caryophyllus Hor-
tenfts, 1 39-

Clowns Wound wort, Panax colom, 9.

Cockle, Corn Wild Campion, PJeudomclantbium,

Lychnis Segetum,Kigellaftrum, Githago, 140.

Cocks-

Index T lantarum.

Cocks-Foot, Columbine, Aqualegia^ 148.

• Cocks-Head, Medick Fitch, Red Fitchling, Ono-
brychis , Caput GuUinaceum , Gliux Gefnc-

ri , 14I.

Cocks-Comb, Yellow Rattle, Loufe-wort, CriJU 1 -
St l/i, vcl Gallinacea, 142.

Red, Red Loufe-wort, P eiiculiris prateilfis
rubra, 592.

Colchicum, Meadow-Saffron, Ephemera/!, Lolchi-
cum , 612.

Colewort, BraJJica , Crarnbc , Cauhs , 143.

Wild, Sy foe fir is, 145.

Sea, Marina, Multiflora , 146*

Cole-Flower, BraJJica , vel Cauhs florida, 144.
Colts-Foot, Bechium , Farfara, TuJJHogo , 147.
Columbine, Aquilegia , 148.

Comfrey, Symphytum , Confolida , C onfolida ma-

yor, 1 49.

Confound Saracens, Confolida Saracen tea, 150.

Daily, Confolida media , 1 5 1 .

Coral-wort, Tooth- wort, Toothed Violet, Benta-
ria , Dent illaria. Coral loides, Viola Bent aria.

I?2.

Coriander, Coriandrunt, Corianum ,15'3-
Corn' Flower, Blew Bottle, Cyanus, 78.

Corn Poppy, Corn Rofe, Wild Poppy, Papavcr

Rluar, Syfoellrc , Erraticum,

Argcmonc, 574.

Corn Flag, Gladiolus Segetalis, V'Morialis Fcembia,
~ Rotunda, 154.

Corn Sailet, Lambs Lettice, Laftuca Agnina, 15?.
Corn, Spelt Corn, Gray Wheat, Zm, F^s
Spelt a, 733.

Corn Violet, Ladys Glafs, Venus Looking-Glals,

F/fl/a Segetum, 726.

Coftmary, Cojlus Hortorum major , Balfimita ma-
jor, Mentha Grceca vcl Romana , 156.

Cotton- weed, Cudweed, Gnaphalmm, 180.
Cotton-weed Mountain, Leontopodium , Ccmos, 446.
Coventry Bells, Viola Mariana, 64.

Cow-Fat, Cow Bafil, Garden Corn Campion,
Lychnis Segetum , Vaccaria rubra, Ifath Syl •
vejfris Lobelij, in.

Cow Bafil, fapra, hi-

Cowllip, Paralyfis, Herb a Paralyfis, Arthritic a.
Primula veris major, 157.

Spotted, Symphytum maculofum, Pulmona-
ria , 158.

Cow-Wheat, Cratcogonum , Melanpyntm, Triticum
Vaccinium. vel Bovin urn, 732.

Cox -Comb, Yellow Rattle, Loufe-wort ; Crijla
Galli, vel Gallinacea, 142.

Cranes-Bill Garden, Storks Bill, Geranium, Roflrum
G ruin urn, & Ciconia , 159.

Musked, Mof citatum , alow Mof citatum,

Roflrum Ciconice Mofch, 160.

Crowfoot, — — — Batrachioides , Ranunculus
Cccruleus, 161.

Field or Wild, -Agrejle, 162.^

Columbinum, Doves-Foot, Columbinum ,

Columbinum , 228.

Crefs- Garden, Najlurtium Hortenje, 163/
Impatient, — bnpatiens, noli me t anger e.

Indian, Indicum, 164.

Meadow, ■ — Pratenfe, Syfymbrium al-

ter urn, id?.

Meadow Double, -- •— fore pleno. Car da-
mine for e pie no, 166.

Wild, Sylvrjlre, Agrejle, 167.

Stone or Rock, — — Petra urn.

Sciatica, Iberis, Cardimantica , Iberis

Najlurtij folio, LepidiumCampeftre , 168.
Winter, — — — Hybernum , Barbarea, 1 09.

Water, Aquaticum, Sifmbrim Aquatic urn,

Trrr.Carda/nine, 170

Turkey, Arabian Multard, AMs', B'rdba , 7 1 3
Bank, Hedge Muftard, Irio, Ery film uni, 512.
Croft-Flower, Milk-wort, Polygala , F/w Cruets, 489.
Crois wort, Cruciate, Criicialis, Crucial a minor
-7 Ilcrniaria , 1 7 1 .

Crowfoot-Mfeadow, Ranunculus , Prx Corvinus , 172.

Meadow-Sweet, Pratenfis dulcis.

Knobbed, or Tuberous, Tuber of us.

Creeping,

Globe, Globofus.

Field, Arvus vel arvorum , 173.

Wood, — Nc moral is,- — Nemorofus, 1 74.

Water, — Aquatic us, • — Paluflris , 175.

Garden, Sativus , uc’/ Hortenfts, 1 76. !

Garden Double, d'uplici.

Crow. Bells, Daffodil , A arcijfus, T 89.

Crow-Flowers, Wild W illiams, Arineriits SyfocjlriC,
Armor arm Syfo'ejlris, 737.

Crow-Leek, Hare-Bells, Hyacinthus Anglicus, 337.
Crow-Toes, Jacinths, Hyacinthus , 391.^403.
CroVvn imperial. Corona Imperially Lilium By z an-
ti num, 177.

Cucumer-Garden, Cucitmis vulgaris, 17S.

Wild, AftninUs, Agrcflis ,

Cuckow-F lowers, Meadow- Grais, Ladies Smocks,
Cardamine, 165. 166.

Cuckow-Meat, Wood Sorrel, T rifolium Acciofum,
Pams Cuciili , Alleluja , 641.

Cuckow-Pinu, Wake-Robin, Arum, 7^0.

Cudweed, Cotton-weed, Gnaphalium, Tomcntuth,
Ccntiincularis, 180.

Wicked, Impium, — — minus, iS 1.

Sea, Mari mint, Llichrfum Syfoeflrc.

182.

American, — Americanim, Argyrocmc,

Argent cum, — Sempervivum, 183.

Cullions Sweet, Ladies Traces, Orchis Odor at us,
Tcjliculus Odor at us, 184.

Culverwort, Columbine, Aquilegia, Aqualina, 148.
Cumin- Garden, Cu'minum Hortenfe, vulgar e, i8£.

Wild,- 1 Syfocjlrc, 186.

Cyperus-Nut, Rulh Nut, Cyperus >vel J uncus
nuccus, 609.

Cyperus-Sweet, Herb Cyperus, Cuperus, Juncus
Angulofus , Juncus quadralus, 187.
Heath, or Mofs, CupreJJus,vcl Cyprejfus pumi-
la , Cyprcffus Mufcofus , 188.

D.

DAftodil True, Broad Leav’d Single, Karcijfus
Latifolius, — Flore fimplici, 1 89.
Single many Flowered, - — Polyanthus Core
Jimplici, 190.

Double Flowered, — — 1 fiore multi phei,

191.

Narrow Leav’d Single, * AnguJUfolius

fmp/ex, 192.

Double Flowered, — F lore pleno, 1 93.

Rufh, Single Flowered, Juncifolhts flore

Jimplici, Bulbus Vomit orius, 194.

Rufh Double Flower’d, Junceus fore

pleno, Bu/Jtus Vomitorius flore pleno-,

. .

Sea, — Marinus, vcl Liter alts, i 96.

Daffodil Baftard, broad Leav’d, Single Flower’d,
Pfeudonarcjjus latifolius flore Jim-
plici, 197.

Broad Leav’d, Double Flower’d, — — flore
multiplies , 198.

Narrow Leav’d Single . Flower’d , Pfcu-
dnnarciffu's AnguJUfolius flore Jim
plici, 199.

Double Flower’d,— flore pleno, 200.

Rufh Leav’d, Juncifolius , 201.

8 C 2 Daffodil.

Index Tlaniarunh

Daffodil-Sea, Pfeudonarcifus Marinas , 202.

Chequered, Fritillary, Li ho Narciffus variega
tus, vel Ttjfulatus , 203.

Daffy Garden, Beilis Hortenfis , 204.

Single Flowered, fore fimplici.

Double, LI ore pie no.

Manifold, Pro/if era.

Daily Field, the LelTer, Beilis minor Sylvefris , 205.

Greater, — major Sylvc/tris.

Daify Great, or Maudlin-worr, Beilis magna , vel

maxima -, Confolida media Bellidis

Species , 20 6.

Thorney, — Spinofa , Spino/a major. 207.

Daify American, Americana , Vmbcl-

lifera , 208.

Dames Violet, Hef peris , F/Wi* Matronalis ,

Hyemalis , — Damafcena — • Mufcbatella , 726.
Dandelion, Pifs-a-Bed, Leon is, Corona vel

Caput Monachi , 209.

Narrow Leav’d, Pb/z/r Angufioribus.

Outhndilh, Peregrin us, 210.

Daneworr, Elder Dwarf!, Ebulus , 242.

Darnel, Loliim,7EraPhnij , Triticum fttuum, 21 1.

Red, rub rum , Pbcenix.

Darnel-Grafs, Gramcn Pboeniceum , Lolium Grami-
n cum, 212.

Deers-Tongue, Harts-Tongue, Phyllitis , Lingua
Cervina , 341.

Devils-Bit, Morfus Diaboli , Sued fa, 213.

Various, Diverfus vel verjicolora -

tus , 214.

Dew-berry, R ubus Tricoccus , 791.

Dill-Garden, Anethum , Anetbum Hortenfe , 217.

Wild, Sylvefre , 216.

Diftaff-Thiftle, At ratty Us, Cnicus Sylvejlris, 6 13.
Dittander, Pepper-wort, Lipidium, Piperitis, 217.
French, or Scar wort, • — -Monfpeliacum, Elamu-
la Gefneri, Dentillaria Lobelij.

Dittany Ballard White, Eraxinella, Diptamum,
Dittami/s alb us, 218.

Ballard Outlandifh, Pfeudodittamnum, 219.
Dock Common, Lapathum, Rumex, 220.

Sharp Pointed, Acutum, Rumex Acutus,

Oxylapalhum 221.

Water, Aquaticum, Hydrolap album, 222.

Sea or Marfh, Mar it im urn, 223.

Dodder, Cufcuta , Caffuta, 224.

Of Brambles, Eptbaton.

Broom, Epigenijlon.

Dittany, Epidittamnus.

Elder Dwarf, Epicbamxatte .

Eryngo, Eperyngium.

Flax, Epilinum.

Germander, Epichamxdrys.

Hemp, Epicannabis .

Hops, Epibryon,

Fly Hop, Epiby fopus.

Knapweed, Epifxbe.

Marjoram, Epamaracon.

Maltick-Herb, Epimarum.

Nettles, Epiurtica.

Pol i mountain, Epipolium.

Rofmary, Epilibanotis.

Savory, Epitbymbra.

Spurge, Epitnhymalus.

Tares, Epiapbace ,

Thyme, Epithymum.

Wormwood, Epabfmthion.

Dogs-Bane, Apccynum, Pcriploca, 227.

Climing, /*/***.

Upright, latijolium , —non repens.

Willow Leav’d, - folio angufto falids.

American, Americanum.

Virginian Silk, rettum lad folium, majus

Americanum.

Dogs-Rib, Ribwort, IfJ uinqueneivia , Plantago

Anguf folia, 566.

Dogs-Stones, Cynoforcbis, TeJUculus vel Tejliculi
Can is, 226.

Dogs-Tooth, I!V/7x Canintts, Satyrii Speeds, Den-
tali Cluftj, 227.

Dogs-Tongue, Hounds-Tongue, CynpglojTam, 383.
Doves -Foot, Geranium Columbinum , Pcs Colum-
binus, 228.

Jagged, Laciniaturn.

Stone or Rock, Saxatilis.

Dragons Greater, Dracdnt ium,S erpent aria major, 229.

Small, Dracunculus, minor.

Water, Dracontium Aquaticum, Dracunculus
Aquatic us, vel palujlris, 23 c.
Dragon-wort Water, 230.

Drop - wort, Eilipendula . Oenanthe, 231.

Narrow Leav’d, Angujiijolia, Ocnanlbe

Apij fo/ijs, 232.

Flemlock-like, Cicutx facie, Conan-

the Cicutx facie , 233.

Water, Eilipendula Aquation, Ocnanlbe Aqua-
tic a, 234.

Ducks -Meat, Xtvw Palujlris, Lenticula Aqua -

//V<7, 237.

Dwale, Nightlhade Deadly, Solanum Lctbale, So -
Aw/tf/ Deleter ium, 721.

Dyers-Weed, Weld, Wold, Herb a Lutea, Luteum
Vitruvij , Lutea Plinij, Luteola, 2 30.

Dyers Green Weed, Genijja Tintloria, Genijlella
lnfettoria, vel Tintloria, 237.

E.

I]' Arth-Balls, Tuber, vel Tuber a Tern, 238.

L Deers, Ccrvinum.

Earth-Nuts, Ground-Nuts, Agriocajlanum , Bulbo •
cajlanum, Nucula Ter ref ns, 239^

Peafe, Pfcudoapios, Terra Gians, pi. Glandes 5
Glandes T errefris, vel Pifanx , 240.
Wood, Latbyrus Sylve(lris, Afraga/us 5)7-
vaticus.

Eddo of Carolina, al/wr JEgyptium, Pfeulocola-

cajjia , 241.

Elder Dwarf, Daneworr, Ebulus , Oiaattatte, Sam-
bucus tiumilis , 242.

Elecampane, Enula, Enula Campana , Helenium, 243.
L'„,i I,,*. \ntuhu r Endivia. Endivia Han

tenfis, 244.

Wild, Sylvejlris , 24;.

Broad Leav’d,-COT/f/;w A;/// ?//«.

Eryngo, Sea-Holly, Eryngium , Centum Capita, 23:?.
Eyebright, Eufragia , Eujrufia , Ocular in, Opbtkul-

intcii , 247

Woody, •
248.

Lignofu , Vratenfis rubra.

F.

FEatherfew, febrifuge, Matricaria, Parthe-
nium, 249.

Wild, - — Agrejiis, — Sylvejlris, 2",o.

Fel-wort, Gentian, Bitterworr, Gcntiana , 3 11.
Fenny-Stones, Marfil-Palms, Serapias , Orchis Pal-
mat a, Orchis Palmate palujlris , 2; 1.

Fennel Common, Eeeniculttm, Maratbruni, 272.

Sweet,- Dulcc, 253.

Wild, Horfe-Fennel, — Sylvejire ,

Agrejiis , Hippomaralhrum , 274.

Sea ,Crithmum Yxmculum Marinum, 610.
Hogs Sulphur -wort, Porcinum, Pen-

ce Annum, 27;.

Fennel Flower, Gith, Kigella, Mdanlbium, 41 o,
S 1 9-

Fcenugreek, Ecemim Grseum , Siliqua, Silicuh Var-
ronis , 276.

Wild, — Syhteflre, 257. Fern

Index Plant arum.

Fern Male, fUix mas, 2; 8.

Female, Brake, — - Femixa, Nymphxop-

ter'is , 259.

Oak, — Q_ucrna, ve/Qucrdna , i$o.

Oak Creeping - — Ripens , Dryopteris

repens.

White, Dryopteris alba.

Black, Onopteris mas.

Rock or Stone, Saxati/is, Chamxjilix

bilix pumila, 261.

Water, Ofmundroyal, bilix florida , F/V/'.v
Aquatic a, vet paluftris * OJmunda Rrga-
„ //x •, bilic aft rum, 262.

Fig-Bean, Lupine, Lapinas , 45:9.

Field Cyprefs, Ground Pine * Chamxpitys , Iva
Arthritic a, Abiga , 350.

Figworr, Scrophularia , bicaria , Millemorbia} 2 63.
Great Foreign, — - — .major per egrina.

« abfque Tuberculis , 264.

Filipendula, Dropwort, bilipendula,Oenanthe, 231.
Finger Orchis, Serapias Stones, Orchis Serapias , 298.
Fiich, Vetch, Tare, Aphacc , 683, 732-

Five Leav’d Grais, Cinkfoil, Pentapbyllum , i’W//-
que folium, 130.

Flag, Corn Flag, Gladiolus Sege tails, Vitforulis
rotundas , 1 5; 4.

Flag Sweet Smelling, True Acorus, Acorus vents ,
Acorum , 2

Water, Skeg, Acorus paluftris , Pfeudoiris -,
Iris lute a paluftris * Acorus Adulter inns
vc l noth us * Gladiolus luteus , 266.

Flax, Line Manured, Linum , Linum Sativum , 267.

W i Id , Agreftc ,• — * 5 ylveftre , 268.

Purging, Mil Mountain, Linum Cathartic urn,

- Cat hart i cum Anglic urn.

Flax-Weed, Toad-Flax, Linaria, P feudolinum, 269.
Befom, O/yris , w/ Scopiaria it alarum.

Ballard, Pfeudolinaria.

Broad Leav’d, Linaria, vel Ofyris Latifo-
liaf 270.

Creeping, Pfeudolinum r opens * Linaria pu-
?nila3 271.

Fleabane Greater, Conyza major , 272.

Lefler, Conyza minor , Fomina, 273.

D warf, Conyza pumila , Chamxconiza , 274.

Water, • — paluftris , Aquatic a,

Confolida paluftris, 2~]%.

Fleawort, Pfyllium , Pulicaria , Herba-pulicaris , 276.

Flixweed, Sophia Chirurgorum , Par ace! ft,

Tjhalittrum, 277.'

Flower of Conftantinople, Lychnis Byzantina , —

Choice do nica, Conftantinopolitana, 280.

Flower Gentle Great, Velvet-Flower Great, aiaw-
ranthus magnus, 278.

Small, parvus, 279.

Variable,’ * Tricolor , Gelofia.

Golden, Chryfocome, S Li chits Citrina.
Flower-de-Luce Bulbous unmatchable Im Zto/-
bofa impar , 281.

Bulbous Englifh, Iris Bulboja Anglica ,

282.

Bulbous broad Leav’d, — -• — Bulboja

Lati folia , 283.

Bulbous Narrow Leav’d greater, Im Bulboja
A ngu ft folia major , 284.

Bulbous Narrow Leav’d fmall , — ~

Bulboja Anguft folia minor, 285.
Flower-de-Luce Tuberous Turkey, lyis Tuberoja
Chalcedonica , 28^.

Tuberous white Florentine, Florentine Orrice-,
Iris Tuberoja Llorentina •* Iris alba Floren-
tine 287, 533- ,, r.

Tuberol'us broad Leav’d album •, Flag-

Flower-de-luce broad Leav’d* Iris Tube -
rojalatifolia , 288.

Tuberous Narrow Leav’d Greater $ Iris Tube*
rofa Anguft folia major , 2S9.

Tuberous Narrow Leav’d fmaller, Im Tube-
roja m 1 nor, 290.

Dwarf Greater, ChamTiri's major • 7m pumila
major , 29 1.

Dwarf Lefler, Chamkiris ?ninor * Im] pumila
minor, 292.

Dwarf Grafs, or Narrow Leav’d, Cham Tins
Anguftfolia, 293.

Flower -de-Luce Wild, Stinking Gladwin -, Ajm
7m Agreftis, Spathula Ftetida * Gladium Pat-
ti dum, 294.

Fluelin, Speedwell Female, E/atine, Veronica fee-
mina, 297.

Fly-Bane, Catch-Fly, Mufcipula , Vfcaria, 112.
Fly-Stones, Fly Orchis, Bee-Flower, Orchis MuJ-
caria, 296.

Foal -Foot, Colts-Foot, Bechium, bar far a, Tuffi-
lago, 147.

Fool - Stones, Orchis Morio * Orchis Morionis *
To flic ulus Morionis * 297.

Fox - Stones, Tefticulus Vulpinus * Orchis Sera-
pias, .298.

Fox-Glove Garden, Fox-Finger * Digit alls, D am afoni-
um 5 Campanula Sylveftris Tragi, 299.
Common or Field, Digitalis purpura vul-
garis * Digitalis Sylveftris , 3 00.

Fox-Tail, Fox-Tail Grafs, Alopecuros , CaudaVul-
pis, vel Vulpina-, 301.

Frank, Spurry, Spergula , 662.

Friers Cowle, Wake-Robin Hooded * Arifarum, 303.
Fritillary, Daffodil Chequered, Lilio— NarciJJus
Variegatus vel Tejfulatus , 203,

Frogbit, Water Lilly fmalleil, Morft/s Kane, Nym-
phxa minima, 302.

Fumitory Common, bumaria * Capnos Plinij , 304*
American or Indian, — Americana, 305.
Furze-Bufh, Broom Thorney ,GeniftaSpinofa.
Fufs-Balls, Puck-Fifts, Caput, pi. GzjWa TV/t* *
Tuber, pi. Tuber a Terre * Fungus Odor a -
/#x * Lupi Crepitus , 306.

G.

GAlingal, Cyperus, Juncus quadratus, AJpa-
l all) urn , 187.

Garlick Garden, Allium, Allium Hortenfe, 307.

Vipers, Ophiofcoridum , Allium Viperinum ,
308.

Leek, Scorodopraffum, 309.

Crows, Wild Garlick, Sylveftre, 310.

GaulBufh, Gaul Sweet, R bus Sylveftris, — An gli-
nts Myrtus Anglica, Brabantica,

Pfeudo My r fine Gcrardi * Elxaginus Cordi ,

.

Gentian Great, Fel-wort Great, Gentiana major, 3 1 f. '
Small, Gentianella, Gentiana minor, 312.
Crofs-Wort, Cruciata, Gentiana minor
Cruciata.

Autumn, * Autumnalis.

Germander Garden, Chamxdrys, Sjuercala minor ,
Trixaga, 313.

Wild, Cham&drys Sylveftris, 314.

Tree, Teucrium, §>ucrcula major, 31^.

Water, Scordium, Scordotis Plinij * Trixago pa-
luftris 1 Chamadrys Aquatic a, 31 6-
Gilliflower Garden, Carnation, Caryophyllus Hor-
tenfis, 317, 318.

Gith, Fermd-Fiower, Nigella, Mclanthium, 410,

> 1 9.

Gladdon Stinking, Flower-de-Luce Wild, Im
Agreftis * Gladium betidum, 294.

Gladiolus,

Index T 1 antarum,

Gladiolus, Corn-Flag, Gladiolus Segctalis , Vilto-
rails ratumlus , 1 74.

Glafs-worr, Kali, Salt-wort, Sdkornia , Salficor-
nia Kali , 41 1.

Glaux, Milkwort Sea, Polygala Marina , Glaux
Marina , 489.

Goacs-Beard, Noon-Flower, Tragopogon , Barhi
Hirci , 519.

Goats Rue, Goats Herb, Galega C</p/-d-

77d, 3 20.

Goats Stones, Hares-Stones ^ TragorcbisfSincopbora ,
T efticulus hir-cinus \ Orchis S.auro-
dis, 521.

Gold Locks, Golden Tufts, Chryfocome 5 Gvaw
A urea, 322.

Gold Cups, CroWfoot, Ranunculus , 172, 173, 176.
Golden Flower, Cudweed Golden, Gnapbalium
Aurcum , 180.

Gold of Pleafure, Oily Seed, Myagrum , Melan-
pyrum , 2 24.

Wild, P feudo myagrum .

Golden Rod, Virga Aurea 3 Leucogr aphis Plinij,

323.

Goofe-Foot, Arach Wild Broad Leav’d ^ P^x al«-
fernius Atriplcx Sylveftris lati-
folia , 327.

Goofe-Bill, Clivers, Cleavers •, Aparine Afper-
rugo , 136.

Goofe-Grals, Cleavers-, Aparin 6, Afperugo , 136.
Gourd, Cucurbit a.

Goutwort, Herb Gerard, 7/crta Gerardi , Angeli-
ca Sylveftris, Erratic a, Herba Po-

dagraria , 326.

Grafs* Herbage, Gramen , Agroftis , 327.

Bent Grafs, Gramen arvorum ScopuU.

Canary Grafs, Phalaris , Phalaroides.
Cats-Tail, Gramen Typbinum.

Corn or Wheat Gxafe,—Segetum—Triticcum.

Cocks-Foor, —Ifch&mon Daffyloides.

Capons-Tail, — Murorum.

Cotton, — - T omentofum — • Tomentarium.

Cock-Comb, or Crelted Crifatum.

Cyperus, Cyperoides.

! )arnel, — Phce nice urn , P bee nix Gr amine a.

Dogs-Grafs, Caninum.

Dwarf, Pumilum , Nanum .

Feather, Plumofum.

Fern, Eiliceum , Polyanthum.

Fox-Tail, — — Alopecurosy Cauda Vulpk.

Hairy, Hir/utum.

Hairy Wood, — Hirjutum Nemomfum.
Havergrafs, b'eftuca •, 0 cuius Capri nus.

FI edge-hog, Ecbinatum.

Kneed, — — - Gcniculatum.

Meadow, Pratcnfc.

Mountain, — Montanum , — Paniculatum.

% Miller, Miliar e vel Miliaceum .

Oat, Avenaceum.

Pa nick, Paniccum , Melinoides.

Quaking, or Maiden-Hair ; — Tremulum.

Reed, Arundinaceunty Calamogroftk.

Rufh, Junceum.

Sea, Marinum, — Maritimum.

Silver, Argenteum.

Spiked, or Eared, Spicatum.

Toad, — Bujonum, — Junceum parvum.

Water, — Aquaticum.

Way, or Wall, — Scmitale, — Muriale.

Wood, JXc morale } — Nemorofum.

Woolly, Lanatum , • — Bombycinum.

Gromwel, Greater, Lithofpenmm majus , Milium
Solis , 328.

Creeping, repens.

Small, or Lelfer, minus y 5)7-

veftre, 329.

Ground Pine, Gout Ivy, Field Cyprefs * Cham*-
pitysy lva Arthritic a Abigay^o.

Sea, — Maritimay Antby/lis Hcrbariorum,
Antbyllk altera , vet Cbameepityoid.es
3 3 — •

Heath, Cork Matthioli , 332.

Heath Purple, Cor is Purpurea.

Groundfel, Erigerum , Scnetio , SeneJcio3 33*.

Cotton, • Tomentojum Senecio Tra -

£'» 334-

Ground-Needles, Cranes-Bill Musked; Geranium
Mofcbatum Mofcbatum , 160.

Guinny Corn, Panick, Panicum • — _ lndicum3 737.
Gut-wort, Herb Terrible ; Alypum3 Herba Tern-
bilk , Alypiaiy 368.

H.

HAres-Bells Englifh, Hyacinth Englifli ^ /Ad-
cintbus Anglicusy 335.

Ears, Buplurum ■, Auricula Leporis 5 "Herba
Vulneraria 336.

Hares-Foot, Trefoil Spiked •, Lagopus, Lagopodi-
um3 Pes Lepork -, Trifolium Humile 3 Tnjo-
lium Triticeum, 337.

Hares-Stones, Goat-Stones 3 T ragorchis, Tefticu-
lus Hircinusy 321.

Hartichoak Garden, Artichoak j Cynera , Cinera -
Cinera Hortenfisy 338.

Wild, - -» • Sylvejlrisy Scolymus, 339.
Jerufalem, Canada Potato 3 After Peruanus
Tuber of ns 3 Bat tat as dc CanacLiy 340.

F/fcx 5c//x Eerncfianusy 71 7.

Harts-horn, Bucks-horn ; Coronupus , C0/7?# k
Cervinumy 91.

Harts-Tongue, Deers-Tongue j Pbyllitisy Lingua
Cervinay 341.

Finger, — Laciniata.

Baltard, Mules Fern ^ AT<3/^, Hermi-

onitisy Spleniumy 342.

Hartwort, Sefcli Sile , 343.

Hawk weed Common ^ Hieraciunty Accipiter3 344.

Rare, rarumy — incommune , 347.

Heal-wort, Sanicle Saniculat 617.

Hearts-Eafe Garden, Panfie j Fk/d Elatnmea

Tricolor y Herba Trinit atisy 346.

Wild, — Sylveftris , — Nemoralis , 347.
Hellebcr Black True, Chriftmas-Flower ; Elleborusy
He l Ichor us 3 Veratrum nigrum, 348.

Ballard, Bears-Foot, Aotbusy .Helle-

hor after y 349.

Wild, Sylveftris, Hell chorine

nigra , 370.

White, Sneeze-Root ^ Hclleborus albus , Fmz-

albumy 371.

Wild, Sylveftris , Agreftis j Elleborinc

alba agreftis , 372.

Helmet-Flower, Monks-Hood ; Napellus , Tborat
Cappa A'lonacbiy Lupariay 373.
Alexipharmick, Antidotal ; Antitbora , Anthora ;
A 'apellus Ale xipbar uncus , 374.

Hemlock Commoni C/c»/d, 375.

Parlly Leav’d, minor , — 5 Cicuta-

ria fat ua, Apijfoiiay 376.

Water, Marlh, — Paluftris , Aquaticay — 3 77.
Hemp Manured, Cannabis Sat iv a, 378.

Baltard ox Wild, Spuria, — ■

Sylveftris , 379.

Water, Agrimony Water } Agrimonia , — —

Aquatic d, Cannabina , 4, 7.

Henbane Black, Common =, Hyojcyamus vulgaris
;;/££/■, 360.

White, Hyojcyamus albus , — — zfj-

■j°r* 3d 1.

Henbit,

Index Tlantarum,

Henbit, Chickweed Ivy Leav’d ; Hederacea, Mai Jus
Gallinx, Alfine Hederuht, 562.

Herbage, Gtafs; Gramen, Agrefiif, ill-

Herb Benner, Averts^ Curyophyllato , Sanamunda , 41.

Ji'Ane,Hemodoron,Litnodoron,Cau4aLeonis,$t\rj'

Carpenter, Self-Heal, Cunjohda minor , Soli da-
go minor, Prune! la vulgaris , 629.

Chriftopher; — ■ Cbnjlopborana , Cbnjio-

phori , 363.

Frankincenfe Narrow Leav’d, Libanotis , -
Cervina alba , Cervicaria Anguftijo -
lia , 364. . ...

Frankincenfe Broad Leav d, Frankincenle All-
heal, Libanotis latijolia , 365.

Gerard, Gout-wort, Gerardi, Poda-

grana, Angelica Sylvefiris , 326.

Grace, Rue, R«/*, Vegan um, 604.

Ivy, Ground-Pine, Chanuepitys , 2lr//-W-

33°*

Paris, True Love, One Berry ; Herba Pans ,

Tripbyllos , 527.

Maltich, Alarum , Maftiche Alarum, 166.
Robert, Robin’s Cranes-Bill •, Robert 1,

Geranium Robert ianum, 367.

Terrible, Gut-wort; Alypum , Alypias , Ifrr-
TerribiliSy 368. ...

Trinity, Hearts-Eafe, Panfie, - — Trinitatis

Viola plammen , tricolor, 346.

True Love, Herb Paris, One Berry, Herba

■ Pam, Triphyllasj 5 27.

Two-Pence, Numularia , Gent urn Alorbia , 496.
William, Bifhops-weed, Ameos, 74.

Willow, Loofeltrife, Lyfimaebia, 47 4 7 455- .
Hercules’* All-heal, Ptf»a* her ac! cum , 9> 10*
Panax verum herculeum , 748.

Higtaper, Mullein, T apfus Bar bat us , 507.

Holly-hock. Tree Mallow, AVtw Arborea ,

Rtf/d-j, hortcnfis , — major, 369,

TJpllow-Root, Caveous Fumiterry ; Radix Cava,
Fumaria radifc Cava , 370.

Holly-Rofe, CiJ}us, Cifl#s mas , Rofa Sylvatica , 132.
Honefty, Bulbonack, 'Sattin-Flower •, • tfbfc Lwzi-
;v<z, Lunar; a major , Odor at a,, 6 1 8-
Hone-wort, Corn-Parfly, Sehnuni Segetale , Sium
T errejl/e, Sium Odor at urn, Sium Segctum ,

Agrorum, 371.

floney-Suckles, Meadow-Trefoil, Meadow-Field
Claver; X rifohum pratenfe vulgar e, 707.
Honey - wort , Wax - Flower, Cerinthe , tfdr/Ja
maru, 372.

Hooded.Cuckow-Pint, Friers Cowle, Anfartm , ?c|.
Hops Garden, Lupuhu, Lupin itqhllqt'iliSi Vitis
Wild, — Sylvefiris , Lupulus Lyemina.
Septentrioifulis , 373. - ,

Horehound, Marrubim, Profit#",. 11 4'

White Comipon, album vulgare.

Black, — tuyrqiil, — Hifpanicum, 37;.

Water, — Aquaticum , — Aquaule. 376.

Wild, - Mpfbi, — Spuria, Stachys, 377.

I-Ioie Strange, Hog Fennel •, Lenmculuiu Pcrcittum ,
Fcitccdanum, 235.

Hotfe- Foot, Colts-fc’oop ftrange, O-f/H, Cacanum ,
Tufitlago Alpina vel Montana, 378.
Horfe-Mi’nr, Water-Mint, Sifymbnum, filentba —
Aquatica,— pfiufiris- Balfaaita, 494.
Horfe-hooi, Colrs-Foor, Bccbium, Lmfiira, T/#r
147- .

Florfe-Shoe, HorFe-Shoe Vetch; F«r»® Ejat-
/z/dwz, 722. . !/

Horfe-Tail Marfh, Shave-Grafs =, Equifetum pa-
luflre - Hippuris , GwXd Equina Aqua-

tion, Sanguindis , 379.

Naked,* Hippuris nuda, Equifetum nudum,
381.

Meadow, Equifetum pratenfe , hippuris

pratenfis, 380.

Horle - Tongue, Double Tongue , Hippoglojjum. ,

Bi [lingua , Uvular id, 382.

Hound-Berry, Nightfhade ; Solanum, 720.
Hounds-Tongue, Dogs-Tdngue ; Lynoglijjum, Lin-
gua Lanina , Lingua Cards, 383.

Hounds- Pi Is,

HouleLeek Greater, Sengreen ; Sedum, Semper-
vivum, 3 84.

Small, Sedum A/pinum laciniatis ajugiv
— jolijs , 387.

Hyacinth Engiilhj Hares-Bells; hyacinthus An-
glic us, 335.' '

Hyffop Common, hyjjdpus vulgaris, 386.

Rare or Strange, incelebris /tfjjfc-

387. . .

Fledge True, or Marfh, Gratiola ycra , 388.
Bult’ard, Gratiola Nofba, 389.

j-

JAck by Hedge, Swace alone*, Alii aria, Alli-
ajirum, 390.

Jacinth Englilh, Hares-Bells; Hyacinthus Angli-
cus, 337.

Jacinth American^ Hyacinthus Americanus, 391.
Grape Flowered, Hyacinthus Botroides , 392.

Grape Flowered Musked > Botroides

Mojchatus, 393.

Haired, Comofus, 394.

Oriental Single, Qrientalis, 397.

Oriental Double, Orientals , f/ert?

Duphci, 396.

Summer, — — JEJlivus, 297.

Dun, or Brown ; * Eujcus, 3^.8.

Starry Common,- Siellatus, 3-99. j

Scarry Peruvian, — Stel/atus Pcruanus —

Eriopfiorus, Lamjerus, *

- Americanus , 400.

Starry, Turkey, — Stellatus Byzdntinus , 401.

Starry Autumn, * Stellatus Aatuy-

nalis, 402.

Starry Lilly Leav’d^ — — • Stellatus Lili-
foliii^, '4°?* •; ^

James-wortj Rag- wort, Jacobta , Flos Jacobi,
Herba Jacobi, 787. , ... - 1

Jews -Tars, Fungus Sambuci Sambucinus ,

Auric uU Judx, 404.

Johns Sweet,' Sweet Williams, Ar menus-, Super-
ba, qrj. “ • x\

Johns - wort Great' Common ; Hyper icon, Hyperi-
con vc rum, .407. ;

Small, Hyper icon lelfer, Hypericum minus,
4°o. ... * ; I

Ironwort, Soldiers Herb ; Sidcntis , Stratwtes , 4°7*
Ivy-Tree or Walj, G(Jas, hedefa, ~ Aruoryu,. 4-4.
Ivy Ground, AlehbotV Hedera'.i 'errcjir.is, \6. ■ ^

Water, He deni la Aquatic.:, 'Ranjimculus , hede-

ruccus . /

Jurey, Dainel, Lolittm, 21 1. i

J u pueis Beard s Houiieek Great ; Sedum mnajus
. Baiba jovis, 3 §4. , • r

Diitalf, Clary; Horminum , Shared-, Coins

[OVlfy 1-37, I .t . '

Jucca, Yucca, ; Mandiochi, 7 7 2.

Juno’s Tears, Vervain ; }ha:bcru;-,LerJlcnacay 721.

H.

KAtherir\eTlpvyqy, . Roman JvigqH >

H igeha, 4J0,-. • :

Rali,r • Glafs-^’C’rL, _Salt-wort*, Sahcorma,

. Sah year ni^iy 4 j iv.

Kelp, Sea Faces, Sea. Thongs;..^./,

.pucus-[i annus, Fucus Ucrba, 412.

Kidney- wort, .Navei-yvort ; Cotyledon, Umbilicus %
Veneris, 'Acetabulum , 717. Kick,

Index T l ant arum .

Kick, Spurge_ Great Indian j Ricinus , Cataputia
major , Cbcrva , 656.

Kill-Herb, Liorls-Tail, ll£modoron , Orobanche ,
Cauda Leon is, 447.

Kingcob, Crowfoot, Ranunculus , PesCorvi, 172.
Kings-Claver, Melilot, Meli/otus , Oww Regia, 48 1 .
Kings-fpear, AfphodiL fmall Yellow * AJpbodelus
lute us minor •, Hajtula Regia , 413.
Knapweed Common, Matfellon* 414.

Silver, Stxbe notha vel Spuria , 417.

Knawell, Knot-Grals German, Polygonum Germa -

nicum, Poly car pon, exiguum, 416.

Kneeholm,Butchers-broom,R«/ir/^,5^rf Regia, ^17.
Knights-Spur, Larks-Spur* Delpbinum , ConJ'olida
Regalis , 422.

Knot-Grafs, Swines-Grafs Polygonum , Centum-
nodia , Sanguinaria , 418.

Kipt-Berry, Cbamamorum Anglic urn, 591.

L.

LAdies Bedftraw, Cheefe Renner, Gallium , 419.
Ladies Bower, Virgins Bower, Climers, , Cfc-
matisy 420.

Ladies Comb, Shepherds Needle •, Scandix ,
Veneris , Petten Veneris , Scanariay 6 30.
Hair, Maiden Hair ; Adiantum , Capillus
Veneris , 463, 464.

Lace, Gramen Argent cum Striatum, . — .
327, Sea. 231. ^

Glafs, Corn Violet •, F/b/c Segctum, - ,

arvenfisy 726.

Ladies Mantle, Lions Foot, Great Sanicle •, Leonto-
podium, Alcbimilla , Stellaria , Alattbioli, Pes
Lconis , Samcula tnajor, 421.

Ladies Navel, Navel- wort. Penny-wort} Cotyledon ,
Acetabulum , Umbilicus Veneris , 7 1 5;.

Ladies Seal, Bryony Black, Bryonia vel Vitis ni-
gra, 90.

LangdeBeif* Bugtofs Wild, Ox Tongue } Zto-
glofjum Sylvejlre , 94.

Larks Spur, Larks-Heel, Knights-Spur, Delpbinum
Conjolida Regalis Sylvejlris, Flos Calcar is 3
422.

Lavender, Lavender Spike, Lavendula Spica, 423.
Lavender French, Caflidony, 5/ cechcu,Stcechados, 668.
Lavender Cotton, Santoline, CbamacypanJJus , ./Dro-
tonum jeemina , Santolina , 424.

Sea, Limonade, Limonium , 97, 447.

Englilh, Anglic urn, 97.

Virginian, — Virginianum , 97.

Small, parvum 447.

Lead-wort, Scarwort, Dittander French, Lepidium
JWonfpeliacum , 217.

Laurel Dwarf, Cbawntdapbne , Laureola , 427.

Leeks, Porrum , 426.

Wild, Sylvejlre.

Vine, Vitium.

Lentils, Lcnticula , 427.

Sea, Lenticula Marina , LW Marina, 428.
Leopards- Bane, Wolfs Bane round Leav’d, Thora,
Aconitum Pardalianches, 429.

Lettice Garden, Lattuca , bortenfis, 430.

Wild, — Sylvejlre, 431.

Savoy, — Subaudica, 430.

Liguftick, Lovage Ballard, Ligujlicum Siler Mon-
tan urn, 432.

Lilly White, Li Hum album, 433.

Red or Yellow, — Ruhr urn, — Luteum , 434.
Orange Tawney, idem.

Mountain, Mart agon, « Montanum , 437.

Turkey, T urcicum, — Byzantinum , 436.

Perfian, Perficum , 437.

Early, or Pompony, — rubrum pracox, 438.
Imperial, Impcriale, 439.

American, Floridian, fWTO, , , 0

Baltard Agrejle, Aiothim Hme-

rocallis , 441.

Water white, Kymphxa,

thar> 442.

Water yellow, Kymphaa lutea , 44.
Convally, May Lilly, Lilly of The Vally,
_ Lilium Convallium , — vernum, 44.4

Limonade, Buglofs Marfh, L;AwmOT, 97, 444.

Englilh, ■ Anglicum , 9-7.

Virginian, Virginianum , 97.

Small, parvum, 447.

Indented or Foreign, Peregrinm.

Line, rlax, Lmum , 267.

Wild, — Sylvejlre , 2(58.

Lions Foor, Lions Cudweed, Cottonweed Moun-
. tain, Leomopodium, Centos, Pes Leaning, 446.
Lions-Tail, Kill-Herb, Herb Bane; Humodoron,
Limodoron , Orobanche , CW„ Lera,,, 447

Ll^U<rrrfj'jarden,i^'*)^rr^/-ff5 Horterjis,A&%.

VV ud, — ■ — Sylvejlris.

Liverwort Common or Ground; LZrfw, Hepatka
vulgaris, vel major, Jecoraria,w.

bmall, Hepatica minor. Lichen vel Jecora-
na, 4;o.

Liverwort Noble, Trefoil Golden, Trefoil Herb
Trinity, Hepattca Aobi/is, Hepatic, t Trifolia
Nobths, Herba Tnmtatis Trifolia, 451.
Wood, Lrebfff Arborea, Pulmonaria ’funeo-
458--

Live-Long, Orpine Spanifh,G-#r/4,Te*nbi«OT, 5 ,4.
Looltrile yellow, or common Willow Herb, Ly/I-

machia, lutea, 45 2. n

Spiked, Spicata, 477.

Not Spiked, Spicers, 474.

Codded, Siliquofa, 477.

London Pride, Sanicle fpotted, Sanicttla gut -
tat a, 6 17.

London Tufts, Williams Sweet, Armerius^Super-
ba, Caryophyllus Sylvejlris , 737.

Longwort, Mullein, Tapfus Barbatus, 707.

Lovage Common, Levifticum, 476.

Loufie Grafs, Hellebor Black Wild, Helleborm
niger Sylvejlre, 370.

Loufe-wort, Staves-acre, 5/u/ifor ^r/'a, Veiuncula-
fis, Pituitaria, Pedicularis, 666.

Loufe-wort Red, Rattle-Grafs Red, Pedicularis
Crijla Galli, Gallinacea rubra , 792.

Loury, Spurge Lawrel, Daphnotdes, Laureola
Chamadaphnoides , 661.

Lung-Flower, Gentian Small, Gentianella , Grar/-
urtu minor, 312.

Lung-wort, (theHerbCowflipSpotted,) Symphytum
maculofum, Pulmonaria, 178.

Lung- wort Golden, Pulmonaria Aurea Gu/-

/«•»«, Cborchorus Da/echampij, 477.
Lung-wort Tree, Lichen Arborum, Pulmonaria
jungofa , 478.

Lupine, Flat Bean, Fig Bean, Lupinvs, 479.
Lull-wort, Sun -Dew, Ret 5o/;r, Rorida, Ref a
Solis , 676.

Lyons-foor, Ladies Mantle, Great Sanicle, _d/c7;i-
milla, 421.

Lyons-fnap, Snap Dragon, Calves Snout, alnrZr-
rhinutn , Os Leonis , 637.

Lyng-wort, Hellebor White, Helleborus a/bus,
371.

M.

MAdnep, Parfnep, Pajlinaca Infana, 744.

Mad-wort, AlyJJum, 460.

Madder Great, Rubia, Rubia TinSorum, 461.
Quinley, Synanchia Dalechampij.

Small, minor, parva , 46 2.

Maiden-

Index ‘Plant arum.

Maiden-Hair Englifhf Adi ant urn Anglic urn, Capil-
lus Veneris Anglic us, Trichomancs , 463.
Golden, Polytricum Aureum.

White, album.

Maiden-Hair True, Ad'uintum verum , Polytrichum
verum, Capillus veneris vcrus , 464. -
Maize, Indian Wheat or Corn : Frumentum Indicum ,
— Turcicum , Milium Indicum maxim ion, 734.
Mallow Common, Malva , 467.

Marlh, Aithita, Malva palufiris , 466.

Vervain, Alcea, Malva Verbcnaca, 467.

Tree or Shrub, Malva Arborea , Malva Rofca
Arbor e a, Althuea Frutex , 468.

Mandrake, Mandr agora, 469.

Mangold Garden, Calendula Hortcnfis , G*///a* //<?/•-
r^yZr, Chryf anthem um Hortenfc , 470.
African, Flos Indicus, Caltha Africana , 471.

’’ Corn, Cryfantbemum Segetum , 472.

Marlh, Gz/rfoz Paluftris , 473.

Marjoram, Amaracum , Marjorana , 474.

Pot, Latifolia.

Wild, Sylveftris , Cunila bubula.

Goats, Tragoriganum, 475.

March Parfly, Smallage, Apium, Apium paluflrc
Paludapium, 6a. 4.

March Beetle, Cats-Tail, Aquatica , 113.

Margrets Herb, Daily, 204, 205.

Mariers, Coventry Bells, K/Vj Mariana , 64.
Martagon, Lilly Mountain* Lilium Montanum ,435.
Marvel-Apple, Balm-Apple, Balfamina Cucumeri-
na, , 51, 52.

Maftich, Herb Maftich, Marum , Mafiicbe , 366.
Mafterworr, Aft r anti a , Imperatoria , 476.

Match -wood, Touch -wood. Tree Mufhroom ^
Fungus arbor am dvr us , Fungus igniari us, q 02.
Matfellon Knapweed, Jacea, 414.

Matweed, Mat-Rulhes, Spartum Herba , Gramen
Spar turn J unci folium, 477.

Maudlin, Ageratum , Eupatorium Mefues , ZL//a-
mita jcemina minor , 478.

May-weed, Stinking Camomil, Cotula, Cf Cotula
fa’tida , 479.

May BlolTom,LillyConvally,£/7/«/fl Convallium, 444.
Meconium, Poppy Juice, Meconium , 573, SW7. 44.
Mead Sweet, Queen of the Meadows, Vlmaria ,
Regina Prati , 480.

Medick Fitch, Cocks-Head, Onobrycbis , Caput Gal -
lin ace urn, Glaux Gefneri. 141.

Medick Fodder, Small Claver, Saint Foin, Trifo-
Hum Cocbleatum, Medica, 139.

Meadow Parlhep, Parfnep Cow, Spbondilium, 545.
Meadow-Saffron, ColcbicumJBulbus Vomit orius , 612.
Melilote, Kings- Claver, Melilotus , 481. (482.

Melon Garden, Pompion Garden, Hortenfis ,
Wild, AD/0 u<?/ Sylveftris , 483. (484.

Musk, Alelopepon , Me lope po, Melo Mofcbatus,
Water, Citrul,ff^r/<7, C it r ulus, Citrullus, 485.
Mercury Herb Englifh, Good Henry, tear Henri-
cus , Mer curtails Anglic a, 486.

Herb French, Mercurtalis Gallic a, 487.
Childs, P by Hum.

Wild, Dogs Mercury, Mercurtalis Canina ,
—— Sylveftris Cynocrambe , 488.
Mezereon, Spurge' Olive, Channeled , Mezereon ,
Thyme be a, 657.

Milkwort Common, Crofs-Flower, Polygala recenti-
orum, Amarella Gefneri, Flos Solis, 489.

Sea, Glaux, Maritime j 490.

Millet, Milium , 491.

MillefoiL, Yarrow, Millefolium , A chile a, Acbilea
Sideritis , 750.

Mil-Mountain, Flax Wild or Purging, Linum Ca-
tbarticum , • — - Arglicum. , 268.

Milt-wort, Spleen-wort, Splenium, Afplcmum Sco-
lopendrium , 692.

True, Ceteracb.

Mint-Garden, Mentha, Hcdyofmus — Hortenjis , 492
Wild, — Sylveftris , Mentafirum.

Horfe, Sfymbrmm Sy heft re, Me nt oft rum , 493.
Water, Mentha Aquatica, Sifymbrium, 494.
Moly, Onion Garlick, AD/y, Allium Cepe urn, 49?.
Money-wort, Herb Two-Pence, Nummitlaria , 496.
Maney- Hower, Sattin-Flower,Honelty,B^/tazc/(’,
Lin aria major , FWrf Lunar is, 618.

Moonwort, Lunar i a minor , t><?/ Petra. Selenitic,^.
Monks-hood, Helmet Flower, Napellus, Tbora ,
G/p/ty Alonacbi, 353.

Moon Fern, Harts Tongue, Pbyllitis , Lingua Cer-
vine, 341.

Moon Grafs, Sun-Dew, Raj, w/ R^/a S0//V, R0/7-
r/tf, Sal fir ora, 676.

Morel, Nightfhade , Solatium, Sol at rum , Uvtt
Vulpis , 520.

Mofs Ground, Mufcus,Bryon Plinij —terrefiris,\q%,

Mofs Tree, Mufcus Arboreus , Quernus, 499.

Lungwort, Mufcus Pulmonarius .

Sea, Mufcus Mar i nits , 500.

Mothwort, Cudweed Golden, Helicbryfum , £7/7-
chryfum , Cbm Aurea , Trine aria, Aurelia
Gaza, 501.

Moth Mullein, Blattaria , $09.

Mother of Time, Time Wild, Tbymum Sylvefirel
Serpillum , Serpyllum , 698.

Mother- wort, Cardiaca , Matricaria altera , 502.
Moufe-Ear, P i!o fella. My fotis. Auricula Muris, 503.
Moufs-Tail,CWa Mur is, HoloJUum Loniceri, 504.
Mug wort, Artemifia, 505 .

Sea, Marina , Abfintbium Marinum la-

t folium, 906.

Much-Good, Parfly Mountain, Macedonia

cum, Petrofelinam, Petr apium. 540.

Mugwet, Woodroof, Afperula, Afpergula, 741.
Mugget-petty, Ladies Bedllraw, Gallium, 419.
Mules Fern, Harts-TonguejBaftard, Lingua cervi-
na notba, 342.

Mullein, Common Higtaper, Thapfus , Tapftis
barbatus, Candelia Regia , 507.

Ballard or Bafe, ■ Notbus, Vilis, Vcrbaf-

cum Vile, 508.

Moth, Blattaria, 509.

Mufhrooms, Toad-Stools, Fungus, pi. F/r/g/j Eyzjfi
Terrei, 510.

Edible, Efcitlenti.

Poifonous, - — Deletcrij.

Muftard Garden, Sinapi, Sinapis , Sinapi Sati-
vum, 5 1 1.

Broad Leav’d, Sinapi Sativum Rapi folio.
White, Sinapi Sativum album .

Wild, Sinapi agrejle, Sylvejire.

Hedge, Eryfimum , /r/7 Plinij, Sinapi altcrum

Sylveftre, $ 1 2.

Hedge True, Eryfimum verum.

Hedge Broad Leav’d, Eryfimum alterum lati •
folium.

Treacle, Thlafpi, Sinapi rufikuta , Nafiurtium
TeTiorum, 5 13.

Mithridate True, Thlafpi Mitbridaticum
verum.

Mithridate Lefier, minus.

Towers Common, Turrit is vulgatior , Turrit a
Lobelij.

Arabian or Turkey, Draba Cj Arabis, Nafiur-
tium Orientale.

My t tie Noble, Myrtillus, Myrfine , Myrtus No-
bilis , •) 14.

N.

N‘ Ail wort, Whitlow-Grafs, Paronychia, 735.
Rue Leav’d, ~ — folio Rutaceo,

8 D NaveL

Index T l ant arum.

Navel-wort* Penny-wort, Cotyledon , Umbilicus Ve-
neris,, Acetabulum , 515.

Water, Cotyledon palufris.

Ivy Leav’d, ■— — Hederaceo folio^ Cymbalaris.
Sea, Fungus Marinas.

Navew Gentle, Long Turnep, Napus 3 Bunias , 51 6.

Wild, Bunias agrefis , Napus Sylvejlris.

Nep, Cat-Mint, Nepeta, Mentha Cattaria , Mentha
felina , 517.

Nenuphar, Water Lilly, Nymphda 442.

Nefpite, Calami nt, C alamintha 3 104.

Nettle, Ur lice, 518.

Roman or Garden, Romana , — Hortenfis.

Nettle Dead, Archangel, Urtica mors , *- Mortua ,
Lamium, 22, 2?, 24.

Nigella, Fennel Flower, Gith , Melanthium , Nigel-
la , Papaver nigrum, 519.

Nigella Double Flowered, F/<?/r multiplied

Roman., or Katherine Flower, — ■ Romana , 410.
Nicotian, Tobacco, Nicotiana , Pet urn, 699.
Nightfhade Red, Winter Cherries, Alkakengi Ha -
hcacabum , Veficarium Plinij, Solanum Vefica-
rium , 122.

Nightfhade Woody, Bitter Sweet, Amara dulck ,
Dulcamara , Solanum Arborefcens , 77.
Nightfhade Garden or C:>mmon, Morelle , Solanum ,
Solanum Hortenfe , vel commune , 720.

Sleepy, Somniferum.

Inchanteis, Circ&um.

Shrubby, Arborefcens.

Nightfhade Deadly, Divale, Solanum Lethiferum ,

Lethal e, Deleterium , 521.

Nipplewort, Lampfana, Papillaris Camerarij , 522.

Wood, or Baftard, Sylvatica.

None-Such, Flower of Conftantinople, Lychnis By-
zantine, Cbalcedonica, 280.

Noon-Tide, Goats-Bcard, Tragopogon, Barba Hire},
Noon-Flower ,idem. (319.

Nofe-Bleed, Yarrow, Millefoil, Millefolium , Achi -
lea , Achilea Sideritis , 770.

Nut-Rufh, NutCyperus, Tr^/z dulce , Cyperusdul-
cis ejculentus , Cypcrus efculentus , Junctts
nuce us , Cyperus nuceus , 609.

0.

OA K of Cappadocia, Ambrofia vera if Hor-
tenfis, Sativa, 52?.

Of Jerufalem, Botrys, Artemejia Turcica,; 24..

Jerufalem Virginian, Virginiana ,

Americana , Botrys Ambrofioides Mexicana 3
Botrys Fruticofa Americana.

Oats Manured, Avene Sativa , Avena Vejca, 525.
Naked, Avena Nuda.

Wild, Sylvejlris - (324.

Oily Seed, Gold ofPleafure, Myagrum , Alelanpyrum ,
Wild, Pfeudomyagrujjt.

OculusChrifti, Clary \N[[d,HorminumSylvefre,i^S.
Oifter Green, Sea Lungwort, Sea Lettice, Lychen
Marinus, Fuats Marinus OJlreaceus , Labi tic a
Marina, 526.

One Berry, Herb True Love, F/zrta P<zm, //zrta
Ptf/vj Tetraphyllos, 727.

One Blade, Monophyl , Monophyllon , unifolium, 528.
Onions, Capa, Cape, Cepe, 529.

Scallions-, Afcalonica , Afcdonitis .

Opium, Opion vel Opium , 573. Se£L 47.

Orach, Arach Garden, Atriplex Sativa, 2;.

Wild, Sylvejlris, 26, 27.

Stinking, Fietida, 28.

Sea, Marina , 29.

Orchaner, Alkaner, Anchufa, 8.

Orchis, Cul lions Sweety Orchis vel Tejiictilus 0 do-
rat us, 184.

Dogs-S tones, Cynof orchis JTcfliculus Cani 5,226.
Fenny-Stones, Serapias 3 Orchis palmate pa -
lujlris, 271 .

Bee-Stones, Bee Orchis, 0/rF/V Mufcaria , 296.

Fly - Stones, Fly - flower, Tejlicu/us Muf ca-
rl us, 520.

Fools-Stones, Orchis Morio,vel M irioni s, 297.
Fox-Stones, Oz-ch/r Serapias , Teficulus Vul-
pinus , 298;

Goat- Stones, Hares Stones, Tragorchis Tejli-
culus Hircinus, 521.

Handed, Chrijli, Orchis Digitate, vel
Palmate, Palma Chrijli , 93 1.

Organie, Origanum, Baftard Marjoram ; Origanum ,
Cunila, Cunila bubuLi , 532.

Origanum, idem.

Orobanche, Broom-Rape, Cauda Leonis , Leimodo-
ron , Orobanche , 86.

Orrice Florentine, Iris Tuber of 0 Florentine, Iris alba
Florentine , 287, 533.

Orpine, Live-Long, Telephium , labaria, Crafula
534-

Ox-Eye, Oculus Bovis , Buphthalmum , 535,

Ox-Lips, Paralyfs abfque cu/icibus , 157, 535.
Oxon, Crofswort, Cruciata,Cruc tails. Cruciate mi-
nor, Her ni aria, 17 1.

Ox-Tongue, Buglofs Wild, Bugloffum Syhefirc,
Lingua Bubula , 94.

P.

PAdelion, Ladies Mintle, Great Sanicle, Lions-
Foot, Alcbimilla , Ste/laria Matthioli , Sanicula
major , Pes Leonis, Lcontopodium, 421.

Pagle, Stitch worr, Gramen Lcucanthemum, — F/0-
ridum, Caryophyllus — ■ arvenfis, 667.

Paigle, Cowflip, Paralyfs, Herba Paralyfs, Ar-
thritica. Primula veris major , 197.

Palma Chrifti, Spurge Great Indian, Karva, Cherva
Cici , Ricimts, Palma Chnfli, Cataputia major
656.

Panick, Gutnny Corn, Panic urn, Indicum, 737.

Panax, All-Heal, Clowns, Pj^* G/cw, 9,
Common, Herculeum alterum, 10.

American, Amcricanum.

TEfculapian, — — Afclepium , ij.

Hercules, — ; Heracleum, 748.

Panfies, Flearts Eafe, Flammea , — Tricolor ,

Herba Trinitatis, 346.

Park-Leaves, Tutfan, Androftmum , 718.
ParflyCorn, Honeworr, Sell mini Segetalc, Slum
ter ref re, Sium odoratum , Slum Scgctum ,

* agrorum , 371.

Dogs, Hemlock Parfly, Cicuta minor, — fit ua

Cicutaria fatua, Apij folia, 376.

Parfly Laughing, Pafque-Flower, W/**
PulfatUla , Apium Sar dome urn, Herba
venti, 543.

Horfe, Alexanders, Hippofelinum, Smyrnium, 7.

Water, Smallage, Apium, Apium Paluftre ,

Aquaticum3 Paludapium , 634.

Parfly Piret, Knawell, Poly car pen exiguum.

Polygonum Germanicum, 416.

Parnaffus Grals, Liverwort white, Gramen Parnajf,
Hepatica alba , Gramen hederaceum, 538.

Parfly Garden, Apium hortenfe, Pctrofelinum , 739.
Stone or Macedonian, — — — - Macedonicum
Orofelinum, $40.

Wild, Selinum vel Petrofelinum Sylveflre ,
Sijum vulgar c, 741.

Baftard or Hedge, Selinum Nothum, Caucahs,
542-

Parfnep-Garden, Pafinaca latifolia, St aphy linns la-

tifolius hortenfis, 744.

Wild, latifolia Sylvefris, Elaphobofcum

Plinij.

Mad, Madnep, Pafinaca Inf ana.

Cow, Spondihum, Spbondihum , 747.

Water, Sium* Pafinaca latijoha Aquatic a, 746.
Water Narrow Leav’d, — — ■ — — cxquaticaan -
guf ifolta. Patience-

I ndex P 1 antcirmh

Patience Garden, Monks Rheubarb:, Hippolapa-
thum , Lapathum hortenfe , Paticntia Horten-
fis , Rhabarbarum Monacborum , 547.

Pa (lions, Biftort, Biftort a , 76.

Paftel, Woad, Glaftam , ifatis , 740.

Pauls Betony, Speedwell, Veronica , Veronica Pauli,
Veronica mas , 646.

Peach Bells, Bellflower ^ Campanula , 63, 64.

Peach- wort, Arfmart Dead ^ Perjicaria , 32.

Pear Plant, Gromwel, Lithofpermum , milium Solis ,
328, 329-

Peafe Manured, Pifum, Pi f um cult at um , J48.
Heart, Pifum Cor datum.

Wild, Pifum Sylveftre , 549.

Wild, White winged, Ervilia , Orchaf.

Wild, Sea Englilh, Spontanum Maritimum
Anglicum.

Chich, Cicers, Garden, Cicer Sativum, 550.
Wild, C/tffT Sylveftre.

Everlafting, Latbyrus perennis , Ctcercula pe-
rennis, Ervum Sylveftre , 571.

Wild, Lathyrus per cnnls Sylveftre.

Pellitory of the Wall, Paritary, Parietaria , Parie*
taria Mural is vel Mur ahum , 552.

Of Spain, Sneezewort , Pyretbrum , P/dr-
mica, 553.

True, or of Diofcorides, — verum ,

Umbelliferum.

Pellitory Falfe, Mafterwort5 Imperatoria , 476.
Penny -"Grafs, Coxcomb, Yellow Rattle, Crifia

Gd///» G allin ace a, 142.

Penny Mountain, Time Wild, Mother Thyme,
Serpillum , T by mum Sylveftre , 698.

Penny Flower, Sattin Flower, Honefty =, L»-

naria, Lunaria major , odor at a, 6 18.

Penny -wort Wall, Navel-wort, Cotyledon , ■ ■ -

Acetabulum , Umbilicus veneris , 515.
Penny-royal, Pudding Grafs, Pulegium , 55:4.

Peony, P&onia , C? feemina , 555.

Pepper Guinny, or Indian ; Capficum , Capfieum
Americanum , Piper Indicum, 556.

Wall, Little Stone Crop, Wall Moufe Tail ;
Illecebra minor , Sc dim tertium Diofco-
ridis , 67 r.

Pepper-wort, Ditrander, Piperitis , Lepidium , 217.
Pepper-Water, Arfmart Biting, Hydropiper , Pcr-
ftcaria non maculata , 32.

Percepier, Parity Macedonian, Petrofelinum Mace-
donicum , Orofelinum , <> 40.

Perwincle, the Climer, Clematis , Afaia pervinca ,
Chamcedapbne P linij , Centunculus P linij , 5 5 8.
Peru Flower, Marvel of Peru, Admir ability Mira-
bilia Peruana , &71 Peruviana , 579.

Pefcod Tree, Trefoil Bean, Cytifus , Cytifus Cornu-

tits, Lunatus , vert/s, 710.

Peftilence-wort, Butter-bur ^ Petafttis , 100.

Petty Cotton, Cudweed, Gnapbalium , Tomcntaria ,
Tomentum , 180.

Pettygree,. Kneehoim, Butchers Broom, Rufcus,
Scop a regia , 417.

Peter Corn, Barley Wild, Horde um agrefte , 44.
Peters-wort, Johns-wort Square -, Afcyrum , 560.
Pick Purfe, Shepherds rurfe, Burfa Paftor/s ,
Thlafpi fatuum Gefneri , 631.

Pidgeons Foot, Doves-Foot, FVx Columbinus , G^vw-
Columbinum , 228.

Pidgeons Grafs, Columbine, Aquilegia 148.

Pi Id Corn, Oats Wild, Avon a Syiveftris, 525:.
Pilewort, Fig wort, Scropbularia , Ficaria , 561.
Pimpernel, Anagalis , 562.

Water, Aquatic a, %6%.

Sea, Antbyllis lentifolia , Alftne Cruciata
Alar in a.

Pimentary, Bawm, Meliffa, Meliffopbyllum, $2.
Pinkneedie, Cranes Bill Musked, Geranium Mof-
chatum , Mofcbatum , 160.

Pinks, Giiliflowers Baftard, Small Honefty,

ophylli Sy heft res , Caryopbylli notbi , 564/

Garden Single, bortenfes flore 'ftmplia.

Garden Double, — bortenfes Jlore multiplier
Wild, Sylveftre s.

Pifs-a-Bed, Dandelion, Dens Leonis , Corona vet
Caput Monacbi , 209.

Plaifter Claver, Melilor, Kings ClaVer,

48 1 .

Plantain Common, Way Breed, Plant ago , $65.

Narrow Leav’d, Ribwort, • jinguJfifolid;

- §Zuinquenervia5 5 66.

Buckhorn, Cervina , Cornu Cervinum j

Coro no pus , 567.

Water, * Aquatic a , 568.

Sea, Holoftium , Holofteum , Plant ago Mari-
na, 569.

Plowman’s Spicknard, Spicknard Plowman’s, 2Lc«
char is, Paccharis , 648.

Poley, Poley Mountain, Polium, Polium Mont a-
num, 770.

Polypody, Great Oak or Wall Fern •, Poly podium ,
Eilicula , Herba Filicularis , 571.

Oak, Poly podium Quercinum, vel ^uerinum.
Wall, Polypodium Murinum.

Pompion Garden, Melon, Pepo bor -

/£77/5>, 482.

Wild, Syiveftris, 483.

Pondweed, Riverwort, Water Spike, Potamogeiton,
Pont alis, — Spicata, 572.

Poppy Garden, Papaver Hortenfe vel Sativum 573.

Single White, album Sativum [implex.

Single Black, nigrum Sativum [implex .

Single Red, rubrum Sativum j implex .

Double White, album multiplex.

Double Black, nigrum vel Purpurewn

multiplex.

Double Red, rubrum multiplex.

Double Corn, Rbceas Jlore multiplier

Thorney, Papaver Spinofum.

Poppy Juice, Meconium ', 573. 44.

Poppy Wild, or Corn, Papaver erraticum vel Syl-
veftre, Papaver Rbaat, 574.

Baftard, Argemone, Argemonia.

Horned, Papaver Cor nut um E? Cornicula -
taw, 575.

Spattling, Papaver Spumeum , 57 6.

Potato Engliln or Irifh, uf/ Battata Angli-
can a, vel Hibernian a , 577.

Spanifh, — Hifpaniarum.

Virginian, Virginiana.

Pricket, Stone Crop, Wall Pepper, Illecebra minor.
Vermicular is minor, 671.

Prick- Madam, Vermicular is, Sedum Vermicular e ,
Illecebra Vermiculata , Illecebra major, 578.

Pr im r 0 fe, Primula veris minor, Alifma Sylvarum,%~jq.
Bears Ear, Auricula urft, Sanicula Alpina ,

■ altera, 580, 59.

Prunella, Self-Heal, Prunella, 6iq.

Puck-Fifts, Fu Is -Balls, vel Tuber a Terra t

Lupi Crepitus , Fungus Ovatus, 306.

Pudding Grafs, Penny-royal, Pulegium , 554.

Purple Velvet-Flower, Flower Gentle, Amarantbus ,
278, 279.

Purple-worr, Purple Grafs, Gramen Pur pur earn,
Sfuadrifolium jufeum , 581.

Purflane Garden, Portuloca Hortenfis , 582.

Green Leav’d, viridis communis.

Golden Leav’d, Aurea.

Wild, Syiveftris , Cape a.

Water, Aquatica , 583.

• Sea, ' ■ ■■ ■■ ■ Alar in a, Hal'muu

8 D 2 Quaking-

Index Tlantarum.

a

QUaking-Grafs, Graven Tremulum, vcl Tre-
mulenttm , 327. Se£b 183, ad 187.

Quitch Grafs upright. Dogs Grafs-, Gramen Cani-
nuot vulgatius , 727. Se£t. 73.

Quitch Grafs creeping, - Supittum , 327, Se£t. 7 3,76.

Quitch Grafs Sea, Canittum Maritimum, 3 27.

Seft. 72. ad 76.

Queen of the Meadows, Mead Sweet, Ulmaria,
Regina prati. , 480.

Queen Mother-Herb, Tobacco ; Return, Nicotiatsa,
Hyofcyamus lutcus , Herba Regina, 899.
Quinquefoil, Cinkfoil, Pentapbyllum , ^itinquefo-
lium , 130.

Quinquenerve, Ribwort, Plantane Narrow Leav’d,

Plantago Angufiifolia , T$uinquenervia,

5 66.

R.

R

• bortenfis , 584.
. agrefiis.

Adifh Garden, R apbanus *

Wild, * Sylvefiris ,

Armor acid) Rapifirum album , 585.

Horfe, * Rufticanus, Armoracia Plinij ,

Tblafpi magnum Cf majus Cordi, Tblafpi
alter um DioJ'coridis , 586.

Ragworr, James-wort , Jacob dta, Herba Jacobi ,
Jacob <ea Senetio Lobelij , 587.

Sea, Marina , Cineraria Dodonai.

Rampion, Rapuntium , Ranunculus , $88.

Great, — S pic at us, Alopecuroides.

Wood, Nemorofus.

Horned, Corniculatus.

Wild, Sylvefiris , Campanula minor.

Ramfon, Bears Garlick, Allium Ur fin urn. Allium
l&tifolium , iWfl/y Hippocraticum, 589.

Ramfon Snake, Allium anguinum , Opbiofcoridon
Lobelij, Allium montammy 589.

Raket, Rocket, 598.

Rampe, Wake Robin, Cuckow-pint, 4^^ 73°*
Rape, Turnep Garden, Rapum , pi. Rapa.

~ Hortenfe , 71$.

Wild, Sylvefire , Rapiflrum , 716.

Rape-Seed, Cole Rape Garden, R0/0 Caulis, Caulo —
Rapium , 590.

Wild, BraJJica Sylvefiris.

Rafpberry Plant, Hind-Berry, R#£«* Id&usy 591.

Field, or Dew-Berry, Rafoi- Tricoccus.

Rattle Grafs red, Red Loufe-wort, Red Cockscomb,
Pedicular is, Crifia Gallic vel Gallinacea rubra3
Pedicular is pratenfis rubra. 592.

Reed-Burr, Sedge, Xipbidion , Sparganium , Care*,
Ramofa , Sparganium Ramofum , Enficu-
lu s, Gladiolus Ramojus, 593.

Reed-Grafs, Bur-Reed, Sedge,

Reed Common, Reed Pool, Calamus, Arundoy^q 4.
Cane, Cane Reed, Arundo Donax , Calamus
vcl Arundo major.

Reed Mace, Cats-Tail, !>/>&* Aquatica , 113.

Red Ray, Darnel, Lolium rubrum, 21 1.

Red Rot, Sun-Dew, Rcj Sa/fr, Ra/i* So/ir, Rorella-,
Sal fir or a, Rorida Lobelij , 676.

Reft' Harrow, Cammockj Anonisy Arefia bovis ,
Remorum Aratri , 109.

Ribwort, Plantane long Leav’d ^ Quinquenerve,

Plantago angufiifolia , ^ 'uinqucncrvia , 566.

Rheubarb True, RK Rbabarbarum verum , Rba
Indicum , 595.

Pontick, Rba Pont'tcum.

Ballard, Pfeudo Rba , Hippolapaibum rotundi-
folium.

Rice, Oryza, $96.

River-wort, Pond- weed, Water-fpike *, Potamogei-
tcn , bontalis , Spicata , $72.

Rie, Secale-i Farrago , $97.

Rocket Garden, Erxtrtf Sativa , bortenfis, $98.

Roman, Sativa alba3 Erucula major.

Of Florida, Floridana.

Wild, Sylvefiris.

Wild Ballard, Sylvefiris notba.

Water, Eruca Aquatica , $99,

Sea, Marina, palufiris.

Roman Beans, Beans Kidney Phafeolus fmilax
bortenfis , 56.

Roman Peafe, Peafe Rouncival* Pifum Sativum
magnum , 548.

Rofe- Water, Water-Lilly, Nympbaa alba ,

542-

Yellow, Nymphtett httea , 543.

Rofe Winter, Hollyhock, Matvei arborea ,

— - — Rofea, bortenfis, major, 369.

Rofe Rubie, Adonis Flower ; Erantbemum , flos
Adonis , Adonis flore rubl e, 2.

Rofe - wort, Rofe - Root, Rhodia radix , Radix
Rofe a , 6 co.

Rofe Bufh Garden, R ofa bortenfis, 60 1.

Sweet Briar, Ro/u Eglenteria.

Wild, or briar Buff), Rofa Carina, 602.
Rofmary, liojmannus, Rojmarinum , Libanotis Co-
ronaria , 603.

Rue Garden, Herb Grace, R«ra bortenfis, Pcga-
num , 604. .

Wild, Sylvefiris.

Meadow, Rata pratenfis , Ra/a palufiris ,
ThaliSrum, Tba/ietrum , 605.

Goats, Galega , Rw/a Capraria. 606.
Rupture-wort, Burft-wort, herniaria , Ucrniola ,
Millegrana, Empetron Tragi , 607.

Rufhes, Juncus , pi. fund, 6o8.

Common hard, Javrcar vulgattor,

Oxyfcbtnas.

Water, Aquaticus.

Bull Great, Holofcbtnes , Juncus granlis bo-
lofcbeenes.

Bull Smaller, Juncus Uvis panicula fparfi
minor.

Rufh-Nut, Cyperus Edible ; T/’4/? duke, Cyperus
dulcis efculentus , Cyperus efculenlus. Cyperus
< nuceus, Juncus nucetts, 60?.

S.

SAffron Garden, Ow»x bortenfis O’ 610.

Wild, Crocus, Crocus Sylvefiris, 611.

Vernal, or of the Spring, Wtx»j.

Autumnal, Autumn alts.

Saffron Meadow, Colcbicum, Ephemeron, Colcht ■

cum% 6 12.

Englifh, Colcbicum Anglicum.

Greek, lllyricum.

Indian or Affyrian, Indicum, Synacitm.

Spring, Vernum.

Saffron Baltard, SafF Flower, Carthamus, CVh««,
Cartbamus, 6 13.

Garden, Oic«r ae/ Cartbamus Sativus.

Wild, Diftuff-Thiftle ; C»/«<x, vel Carthamus
Sylvefiris, At r ally 1 is.

Sage Garden, Salvia bortenfis, 614.

green, major alba vulgaris.

Red, major rubra vulgaris.

(Jf Virtue, Virtues, Salvia minor , Salvia

nobi/is, angufiifolia.

W'ormwood, or Roman, Sa/wa Abfinthtes,
Salvia minor altera. — — Romana.

Party colored. Salvia variegata.

Sage Wild, Salvia agrefiis, Sylvefiris ,Scor-

donia, Scorodonia, 6iy.

Wood, or Garlick Sage,

Wild

Index T lantarum.

Wild Yellow, Salvia fruticofa lutea ,

latifolia lutea , Verb of cum Sylveflre.

Wild Yellow Narrow Leav’d, Salvia fruti-
cofa anguftifolia , Pblomis. (6 1 6.

Sampire,Sea Fennel, CritbmumjpceniculumMarinum ,
Marfh, Critbmum Marin um.

Rock Common. M annum vulgatius.

Thorny, Sea Parfnep, Paftinaca Marina ,
Critbmum Maritimum Spinofum.

Golden Flowered, Critbmum Cbryfantbemum ,
Cbryfanthemum littoreum , Antbyllis major
Cordi , Antbyllis prima Diofcoridis.

Sanicle, Heal- won, Sanicula • vulgaris , Gw/O-

lida Quinque folia, Diapenfia , 617.

Great, Ladies Mantle, Alcbim'illa , 421.

Spotted, London Pride, Sanicula guttata,

Alpina , Alginum reccntiorum. 6 1 7.

Bears Eared, Sanicula Urfin<£.

Sattin-Flower, Honelty ^ Bolbonac3 Lunaria major ,

odor at a, Viola Lunaris , FWtf

Lunaria , 618.

Red, Honey Suckle French, Hedyfarum Cly pe-
at um^ Securidaca , Onobrychis altera Dodonti.
Satyrion 9 Satyr turn, Tulipa , 619, 715.

Savin Garden Common, Sabina vulgaris , 620.

Berry bearing, Baccifera.

Savory Summer, Tbymbra , Satureia afliva, 6 21.

Winter, vulgaris , Hybema.

Candy, Cretica , C retenfis.

Rock, — — R/zp/j- vd Saxatilis , — S pic at a.
Saw-wort, Serratula , 622.

Saxifrage Englifh, Stone Break, Saxifraga Angli-

cana . pratenfe nojira , 623.

Marfh, paluftris .

Saxifrage white, Saxifraga alba vulgaris , 624.

Golden, Aurea, Lycbenis facie, Chry-

fofplenium , Hepatica pa/ujlris.

Saxifrage Burnet, Pimpinel/a Saxifraga , 62 J.
Scabious, Scabwort, Scabiofa , 626.

Field, Pratenfs.

Corn, « Segetum vel Campcftris.

Sheeps, Ovilla.

Garden Common, — bortenfis vulgaris.

Scallions, Onions, Afcalonica , Afcalonitis , 529.
Scarworr, Dittander French-, Lepidium vel Pipe-
ritis , Monfpeliacum , 217.

Scabwort, Elecampane, tielenium , Enula, Enula
CampanCf 243.

Scariole, Endive, Intubus , Endivia bortenfis , 244.
Sciatica Grafs, Crefs Wild, Nafiurtium Sylveftre,\6~j.
Scorpion Herb, Caterpillars, Scorpioidcs , 627.
Scorzonera, Vipers-Grafs, Viper aria, Viperina , S'cr-0
pent aria, Scorzonera , 727.

Scurvy Grafs Sea, Spoon-wort Sea, Cocblearia Ma-
rina, Anglicana , 628.

Dutch, Garden, or round Leav’d ; Cocblearia

bortenfis, Belgica , rotundfolia.

Sedge, Bur- Reed, Xipbidion , Car ex, Sparganium,
Enfcul.tr, 7 93.

Seggs or Skeggs, Flag-water, Pfcudoiris, Iris lutea
paluftris , Acorus notbus vel paluftris. Gladiolus
luteus, 2 66.

Seggron, Ragwort, James-wort, Jacobea, Uerba Ja-
cobean Jacobea Senetio , 587.

Self-Heal, Prunella , Confolida minor , Soli dago mi-
nor, 6 29.

Sengreen, Floulleek-, Sedum, Scmpcrvivum , 384.
Senvie-Field, Muftard, Sinapi Sy/vclire, 71 1.
Serapias Stones, Orchies Flies, Tefticulus Mufca-
rius, 730.

Serpents Tongue, Adders Tongue, Opbioglojfum.
Lingua Serpentis, 1 .

Sefamoides, Strange Gum Succory ; Chondrilla, pe-
regrine, Scf amoides, Sefamoides parva, 677.
Setfoil, Tormentil, Sept folium. Torment ilia , C0/7-
foli da rubra, 701.

Setwall, Valerian Garden, Valeriana Hortenfis, Tbe-
ncaria , Herba Beneditta. 7 1 9.

Setwall Mountain, Spicknard Ccltick, Nardus Cel-
tica , Celtic a, 647.

Setterwort, Hellebor Black, Elleborus , ldelleborus
niger, V or at rum nigrum, 349.

Share-wort, Siar-worr, Bubo-Grafs s /!/?«■ B/rfo-
mum , Inguinal is , 664.

Shave-Grafs, Horfe-Tail j Equifet urn , Cauda Equi-
na Aquatic a, 379.

Shepherds-Needle, Venus Comb ^ Scandix, Acus
Veneris, Pc Sen Veneris, Acid a, S canaria 630.
Shepherds Purfe, Pick-Purfe, Cufeweed •, kv/yi
P aft or is. Per a pa ft or is, 631.

Shepherds Rod, V,rgaPaftoris , 632.

Silk Grafs Virginian, Periploca Virginiana , 729.
Skiriet Garden, Si/arum, Sijer, 633.

Wild, S/>- mV S if arum Sylveflre.

Smullage, Water Parily /Ip/'/m, _d/7;/w Aquatic urn,

Palujlre , Paludapium. 6 34.

Garden, or Sailary , Horten fe ,

C,7//v,w. 7 5 i

Sweer, Apium dulce.

Small Honefiy, P inks, Caryophylli Sy heft res , C<?ry-
opbylli nothi. 564.

Smilax Garden, Beans Kidney • Pbafeolus , S«/A«
Hortenfis , 56.

Snakes Buglofs, Buglofs Vipers ; Bugloffum,

Viper inum , Ecbium , 951.

Snake- weed, Biltort, Bijiorta , 76.

Snap Dragon, Calves Snout, Antirrhinum , 63 7.
Wild, Sylveflre.

Sneeze - Root, Hellebor white, Hclleboi 'us albusy
Ve rat rum album , 351.

Sneeze- wort, P tar mica, St er nut ament aria, 636.
Solomons Seal, Sigillum Solomonis , Polygonal um%
Scale Cali. 637.

Soldier Water, Stratiotes Aquaticus , Stratiotes
Potamios , Sedum Aquatile , 638.

Sope-wort, Bruile-wort •, Sjponaria , Viola agred is
Tragi, Strutb'mm , 639.

Sorrel Garden, Oxalis, Acetofa , Lapatbum acidum,
Rumex acidus , 640.

Wild, Sylveftris , minor, Accto-

fella, Lapathiolum acidum. '

Sorrel Wood, Sour Trefoil, Oxytriphyllum, Trifo-
lium acetofum , Alleluja , Lujula, Oxys , 641.
Southernwood, Abrotanum , Abrotanum mas, 642.

Female, Tree Southernwood, Abrotanum

Lamina . arborefcens.

Sow -Bread, Cyclamen, Cyclaminus, Art an it a, Panic
Parcinus, 643.

Sow-Thiftle, Soncbus, 644.

Smooth, Levis.

Prickly, 4//^r.

Spear -wort, Bane-wort, Elammula, Ranunculus
Elammeus, 647.

Speedwell, Pauls Betony, Veronica mas , Veronica
Pauli, Betonica Pauli , Veronica Paulina, 646.
Spicknard European, — Celtick, Nardus Celtica
Nardus Spuria , Pfeudonardus, 647.

Spicknard Plowmans, Baccharis , Paccbaris, 648.
Spiderwort, Phalangium, Phalangitis, 649.

Spignel, Meum, Atbamanticum, Anetbum Sylveflre ,
Meum Antiquorum, 670.

Spinage, Spinachia , Spanacbia, Olus H'fpanicum
Tragi , 671.

Spleen- wort, Milt-walte, Scale Feme, Splenium, Af
plenum , Scolopendrium, 6 52.

Smooth, True, Scolopendrium, Splenium, Ce-
teracb.

Rough, Baftard, Lonchitis afpera , Afplcnium
Sylveflre, Pfeudolonchit ;s Maranth.e.
Spoon-wort, Scurvy-Grafs j Cocblearia, 628.

Sea, Eriglifh, — Marina — Anglicana,

Garden, Dutch, Spongie

Index T l ant arum.

Sponge, Sponga , S ponchos, 673.

Spurge Garden, Lathy ris , C at aputia minor, 6$ 4.
Small, Pityafa , Efula, Efula minor , 657.
Great, Cherva , GW, Croton, Picinus , Palma
Chrifii, 656.

Olive, Mezereon , Chamxlea Gcrmamca , Phy-
met tea, 677.

Wood, Pithy malus, Pithy mat us Characias ,
i. e. Vallans , 658.

Marfh , Pithy mains palujlris, Efula major
Germanic a , 659.

Sea, Pithy rnalus parallels, Lall aria. Herb a
Labi aria, 660.

Laurel, Daphnoides, Laureola , Cneorum ni-
grum Pheopbralii, 66 1.

Spurry, Frank-Spurfy ; Spur- wort, Spergula, 66 2.
Scar Flower, Star of Bethlehem, Ornithogalum,
Bulb us Efculentus, 66 3.

Star-wort, Bubo-Grafs, .d/fcr, Bubonium, Inguina-
lls, 664.

Greek, Athenian, Atticus.

Fleabane, J/fcr Conyzoides.

Star-wort Water, Stellaria Aquatica, 66$.

Sea, Pripolium, Anthyllis.

Stavesacre, Loufe-wort; Staphis agria , Pedicula-
ris, Peduncular is, Pituitaria, 666.
Stitch-wort, Gramen Leucantbemum, 667.

Stcechas, Caffidony, French Lavender •, Stechadore,
Stcechas, Stcechados, 668.

Stcechas Yellow, Gold Locks, Golden Tufts-, Chry -

focome. Coma Aurea , Lute a, 322.

Stock-Gilliflower Garden, Leucoium hortenfe, 669.
Single, Leucoium Sativum fimplex.

Double,

Stock-Gilliflower Sea, Leucoium Marinum, Pripo-
lium Anguilare, 670.

Stob-wort, Sorrel Wood ; Oxytriphyllum, Prifoli-
um acetofum , Lujula , 641.

Stone-break, Saxifrage, Saxifrage, * pratenfe,

Anglic ana, 623.

Stone- Hore, Stone-Crop, Wall-Pepper; 7/to-
bra, lllecebra minor Lobelij , Sedum Caufii-
cum, Vcrmicularis , Vermicularis Dafyphyl-
lum, 6qj.

Stonnard, Stone-Crop, Wall-Pepper, idem.
Strawberry, Fraga, Fragaria, 672.

Garden, Hortenfis.

Wood, • Nemorenfis, Sylvejlris.

Great White, alba maxima.

Green, Viridk. •

Wild, Barren, — ■ ■ — Vefca , • Sterilis.

Succory Garden, Cichorium, Cichoreum Cichorea ,

Hortenfe 3 673.

Wild, — — • Sylvefire.

Baftard, Nothum, Pfeudo Cichorium , 674.

Ballard, Smooth Yellow, Hedypnois , Cichorium
pratenfe.

Wart, Cichorium Verrucarium, Zacyntha, Chon-
drilla Verrucaria.

Swines, Hypochceris Porcellia, Cichorium Por-
cinum.

Gum, Chondrilla, 677.

True, Chondrilla Greece.

Gum Succory Strange, Sefamoides ,

Sefamoides Parvum, Chondrilla , —

Sefamoides.

Sun Dew, Ros Solis, Rorella , Rorida, Rofa Solis ,
Ros Solis , 676.

Sun-Flower of Peru, Marigold of Peru, Chryfan-

themum Peruvianum, majus , Flos Solis

major , maxim us , 677.

Smaller, F/w 1S0//V minor, Cbryfanthemum Pe-
ruvianum minus.

Sun-Flower Creeping, Helianthemum repens, Flos
Solis repens , Cifius repens , 678,

Sweet-Gaul, RLyj Sylvefiris Anglicus — Belgicus

Myrtus Anglica, Brabant ica, Dryophc -

Elteagnus , Chamxlxagnus , 679.

Swallow- wort, Silk-wort; Afclepim , Vincetoxi-
cum. Hi r under ia Antique , 680.

T.

TAnfie Garden, Panacetum hortenfe, —

Athanafia Vulgaris, 6qi.

Crilped, Panacetum Sativum Crifpum.

Woolly, Lanuginofum.

Party Colored, Verfi color.

Tanfie Wild, Silver-weed; Potent ilia, Argentina ,

Panacetum Sylvefire , agrefie , Argemonc,

Argemcnia, 682.

Tare Manured, Sativa, vulgaris, 683.

Wild Great, Cracca magnus , Vicia maxima

Dumctorum, Sylvefiris.

Wild white, fore albo, Galega altera

Dodonxi, Onobrychidis flore, Vicia Sylvejlris
Nemo-rum.

Wild Greater, Arachus, Cracca major.

Wild Lelfer, Arachus, five Cracca minor.

Tare Everlafting, Lathy rus perennis , Lathyrus
Sylvefiris , flore luteo, Vicia perennis, 684.
Tarragon, Pragum, Pragum vulgar e. Par chon,
Draco, Dracunculus hortenfis , 687.

Teafle Garden, Dipfacus, Labrum Veneris, Carduus
Veneris, Dipfacus ve l Carduus Pullonum, 686.
Wild, Dipfacus Sylvefiris.

Tetter-Berry, Bryony, Bryonia , vel vitis alba, 89.
Tetter- wort. Celandine, Chxlidonium, Hirundina-
ria, 120.

Thiltle Common, Carduus, pi. Cardui, Carduus Via -
rum , 687.

Many Headed, • Polycephalus.

Many Prickled, Polyacanthus.

Upon Thiltle, Aculcofa.

A lies, or Way, Sylvefiris , — * Afini -

#/, Onopyxus.

Lancet, Drypis.

Broad Leav’d, pratenfif.

Yellow Jagged Meadow, — pratenfis laciniatis.
Bulbed Field, — — Bulbofus .

Alphodil Rooted, - — pratenfis Afphodeli
radicibus.

Marfh, or moi ft Meadow, —pratenfis palufiris.

Oat- Land or Musk, Avcnarius , • Arven-

fis, — Mofcbatus Gerardi, Drypis Loniceri.
Bleflfedj Carduus Benedict us, uy&yfa ‘wMynrif,
• 688.

Cotton or Woolly, Carduus Pome nt of us , 609.
Carline, Lcucacanthc , Carlina , 69 c.

Melancholy, Mollis, Cirfium, 691.

Milky, Ladies Thiltle, Laileus, Carduus

Marix, Silybum, 692.

Star, St c Hat us, * Stellar is, 693.

Hartichoak-like, Scolymus, Carduus - — Cina-
rcus, Lf Cynareus Acute at us, 694.
Through-Wax^ Through-Leaf, Pcrfolata, Perfo-
liatum, 697.

Codded, Siliquofa.

Three-Faces in a Hood, Hearts-Eafe, Panlie, Viola.

Flammca , tricolor. Herb a Pr ini tat is. 346.

Three-Leav’d Grafs, Trefoil, Prifolium, 707.
Thrift Sea Great, Grafs Sea, Gramen Marinum
majus , Staticc quibufdam, 327, Se£t. 226.
Thrift Sea Great American, Grafs Sea Great Ame-
rican ; Gramen Marinum Americanum, St at ice
Americana major, 327, Sett. 227.

Thrift Sea Small, Sea Cufhion, Small Sea Grafs ;
Gramen Marinum minus, 327, Sect. 228.

Thrift Garden Common, Sea Common, Ca -

ryophyllus Alannus, 564. Sett. id. 40.

Thrift

Index j

Thrift Garden Great, Great Sea Gillifiower ; Cary-
ophyllus Marinas major , 564. Se£t. 1 9, 40.
Throat-wort, Canterbury-Bells ; Trachehum, Uvu-
laria , Campanula, major 696.

Thyme Garden> Thymus Hortenjis , Thymum, 697.
Maftick, Thy mum Maflicinum, — latifohum.

Citron, or Limon, Thy mum Citratioti , *

Limonaium.

Wild, Mother Thyme, Serpillum , Serpyllim ,
Thymus Sylvejtris , 698.

Toad-Flax, Flaxweed, Linar in , Pfeudolinum , 269.
Befom, Ofyris , Scopiaria.

Baftard, PJ'cudolinaria .

Toad-Stool, Mufhroom, Fungus, pi. F///#/, 7 1 o.

Edible, Efculcnti.

Poilonous, ■ — ■ Dcleterij.

Tongue Blade, Horfe Tongue, Double Tongue,
Biflingua3 hippoglofjum , 382.

Torches, Mullein, Thapfus , Thapfus barbatus ,
Candela Regia , 507.

Tobacco, Englilh American, Virginian, Spanifh ;
Pet am, Nicotiana , — Anglica3 — Americana ,

Virginiana , Hfpanica , 699.

Tooth-wort, Tooth-Rape^ Lent ana. Dentil/aria,
Radix Squatn at a, 700.

Torment'll, Setfoil, Tormentilla3 Septifolium , Hep -
taphyllum, Confolida rubra , 701.

Touch-wood, Tree Mufhroorh, Fungus Ignarius,
Arboreum , 702.

Touch-me-not, Crefs Impatient ; Najlurtium ,

Impa tiens. Noli me t anger e, 163.
Touch-me-not, Cucumber Wild; Cucumis Afini-

nus Sylvejtris , AW/ met anger e, 179.

Touch-me-not, Mercury Wild Codded ; Mcrcuri-
alis Sylvejtris Siliquo/a, Herba lmpatiens, Noli
me t anger e, 488.

Toy-wort, Shepherds Purfe ; Burfa Pajioris, Peru
Pajtoris, Thlajpi fatuum, 631.

Travellers- Joy, Wild Climer, Clematis Sylvejtris ,
Vitalba DodonH, Viorna Gerardi, Fitts Syl-
vejtris Plinijy — Caujtica Gefneri3jo 3.

Trefoil Spiked, Hares-Foot, Lagopus , Lagopodium,
Pes Leporis3 Trifolium humile, Trifolium
Triticeum, 337.

Trefoil Sweet, Garden Claver, Trifolium Odoratum ,
Lotus Urbana3 Saliva, Lotus hor-

tenjis, 0dora3 704.

Strong Scented, Trifolittm Afphaltites — ■ --
Bituminofum.

Trefoil Meadow, Field Claver, Clover Grafs,
Meadow Honey Suckles, Trifolium pra-
tenfe3 765.

Purple Common, — vulgare Purpureum.

White Common, album vulgare.

Purple Great, ■ Purpureum magnum.

White Great, ■ magnum .

Purple Small, Purpureum minus.

White Small, ■ album minus.

Heart, Trifolium Cordatum.

Yellow Small, luteum minus.

Yellow Smalleft, luteum minimum.

Hares-Foot Common, Lagopus vulgaris minor.
Trefoil Codded, Claver Trefoil, Trifolium Sili -
quofum, 706.

Trefoil Marfh, Buck-Bean, Trifolium palujire ,

. — Paludofum, Hircinium , 707.

Trefoil Peafe, Lotus, Lotus Sylvejtre. LotopiJ'um,

Lotus P if at us, Siliquofus, 708.

Trefoil Strawberry, Trifolium Fragiferum ,

Veficanum, 709.

Starry, Stellatum,CapitulisStellatis.

Trefoil Tree True, Cytifus ; Cytifus vent*, ■ — —
Diofcoridis, 710.

Common, Cytifus vulgaris.

Bean, Anagyris, Laburnum.

Tufts-Garden, Thlafpi hortenfe, — Umbel latum.

Sea, Thlafpi Mar in urn, 71 1.

Tuberofe, Uy aci mbits btdicus , Tuberofa, Radix
Tuberoja, Flos Indians radiee Tuberofa , 712.
Tulip, Turks Cap, the True Satyrion, Tuhpa, 713.
Early White, Tuhpa pr£cc>x alba.

Early Purple, pr.ecox purpurea.

Early Red, preecox rubra.

Early Yellow, preecox lutea .

Mean White, media alba.

Mean Purple, media purpurea.

Mean Red, - — rubra.

Mean Yellow, /m//d /////?</.

Mean Green, media viridis.

Late Flowering, - — Serotina.

Tulip Baftard, Tuhpa noth a. 7 r 4.

Turnep Garden, Rapum hortenfe, 717.

Round White Common, — rotundum album

Round Red, rotundum rubrum.

Long Common, Longum vulgare.

Yellow, Rapum Luteum.

Turnep Wild, Rapum Sylvejtre, Rapijtrum, Lamp*
fane Matthioli, 716.

Greater, Cole Rape, Rapum non Bulbofum,
majus Sylvejtre.

Smaller, Rapum Sylvejtre minus, Rapijtrum
minus.

Turnep Oaken, Lions Foot, Leontopetalum, 446.
Tunhoof, Alehoof, Ground I \yfiedera Terrejtris. 6.
Turnfole, Wartwort, heliot r opium , Verrucaria,
Solfequium, Scorpioidcs album Gefneri, 717.
Dying, Hchotropium Tricoccum Plinij.

Tutfan, Park -Leaves, Androjeemum , Clymenu-m
Italorum , Hi rba Siciliata, 7 1 8l
Tutfan Johns- wort, Androf annum folijs Hyper ici \

Hypericoides, 718.

Twablade, Bifoil, Ophris, Bifolium, 67.

Marlh, Palujire.

Two-Penny Grafs, Money-wort, Nurmdaria, 495.

V.

VAlerian Garden, Greater Setwall ; Valeriana
Hortenjis, — * Terdina Paracelji ; Pbu majus
hortenfe , Valeriana major hortenfe , 719.
Garden Leffer, Pbu minus hortenfe , Valeriana
minor hortenjis.

Greek, — - Greeca, — Pcregrhta, — Carulca .

Candy, Crettca Tuberofa.

Indian,* — — - Indica , Mexicana, Tripo-

lium Diofcoridis.

Red, rubra, Pbu peregrinum. Valerian -

thon , Ocimajtrum Lobelij.

Valerian Wild, Valeriana Sylvejtris, Pbu Sylvejtre,
Valeriana paluttris, 720.

Venus Bafon, Tea lie Garden, Dipfacus, Labrum
Veneris, Carduus V eneris, Dipfacus vel Car-
duus Fullonum, 686.

Venus Hair, Maiden Hair ; Adianthum , Capillus
Veneris Anglicus, 463.

Venus Comb, Shepherds Needle, Scandix 3 Acus
Veneris, Pctlen Veneris , Acula, 630.

Venus Looking Glafs, Corn Violet, Viola arvenfis ,
Viola Scgetum, Carophyllus Segetum, Onobry -
chis , Campanula arvenfis, 72 6.

Vervain, Verbena, Verbenaca, Hercularia Matri *
calls, 721.

Vetch not Bitter, Vicia, pi. Vic'ut non amarer, 722.
Yellow Wild, Aphaca , Aphaca Sylvejtris ,
Orobanche Tbeophrafli Lugdunenfi, Vicia
lutea folijs Convolvuli.

Milk Vetch, AJlragalus, A drag abides Her -
bariorum, AJlragalus nothus
Hatchet Vetch, Hedy far um, Securidaca.

Hoife Shooe, Ferrum Equinum, Solea Equina.
Birds Foor, Qrmtbopodtum, Pes Avis major &
minor. Vetch

*

*5

Index F / ant arum .

Vetch Birds-Foot Knotted, Ornithopodium radice

nodofa.

Kidney Common, Anthyllis Leguminofa vulga-
ris — - Lentifimilis Lobelij.

Star Codded, Stella Leguminofa.

Liquorice like, Glycyrrbizata.

Vetch Bitter, Orobus , Ervum , Vida amara , 723.

Garden, Orobus borten/ts, Orobus vulgaris ,
Ervum , Mochus.

Candy, Crcticits.

Wild, Sylveflris , Ervum Sylveflrc , G7/0-

nancc Gefneri , Latbyrus Sylveflris minor.

Wood, Orobus Sylvarum , vel Sylvaticus.

Wood Broad Leav’d, latijolius , Phafelus

Lobelij , Phafeolus Sylvarum , Aracbus Do-
doncei.

Wood Narrow Leav’d, — Anguflifolius,
Orobus Sylvaticus minor.

Crimfon Flowered, Scarlet Grafs Vetch -, O0-
bus Gramineus rube ns , Latbyrus Sylveflris
G r amine us , rubras .

Vine, F///V, Vitis Vinif era, Vitis Sativa , 724.

Parfly, K/V/ir fohjs laciniatis.

Wild Barren, P/Wx Sylveflris — Sterilis.

Vine white. Bryony white, Bryonia , w/ z//f/x d/fo, 89.

Violets Garden, Fzo/d bortcnfis , purpurea

Martin , 7 2 s’-

Wild Upright, FWtf Surrefta purpura ,

arborejcens , fruticofa , Elatior

Martia Cauliculis Surreftis.

Wild Common, Sylveflris vulgaris.

Wild Jagged, or Carolinian, Viola folio lacini-
ato Caro/iniana.

Violet Toothed, Corallwort, Pw/tf Dent aria, Co-

ralloides , 15:2.

Violets Corn, F/cAz arvenfis, — pentagonia ,

Segetum Onobrycbis , £? Campanula arven-
fis, S26.

Dames, Hefperis , p/0/tf Matronalis, *

Hyemalis , — Damafccna , — Mufcbatella.

Dames Purple Double, Hefperis flore pleno
purpurante.

Vipers Grafs, Serpent aria. Viper aria , Viper in a,

Scorzonera , 727.

Vipers Buglofs, Buglofs Vipers, Echium , BugloJJum ,

Viper inum, 95.

Virginia Creeper, Climer, P)'//x Hedera

Virginian a-, 728.

Virginia Silk-Grafs •, Periploca Virginiana , 729.

Greater or Upright, r^<Vtz, aw/or.

Smaller, Periploca Virginiana minor .

Virgins Bower, Ladies Bower, or Climers, Cfe-
matis, 420.

Burning or Cauftick, Clematis Urens.

Red Flowered, Clematis per e grin a-.

Purple, peregrina flore purpureo.

Purple Double, purpureo pleno.

Sea Creeping, * * Maritima repens.

Virginian, Virginiana.

Upright, Plammula Jovis JurreUa.

W.

WAke Robin, Cuckow Pint, Sacerdotis Penis
Arum, 730.

Not Spotted, 770/7 Maculatum.

Spotted, -/iraf/tf Maculatum.

Hooded, Friers Cowle, Arifarum , 303.
Wall-Flower, Kciri, Cbeiri, Leucoium luteum , 731

Single Flowered, flore ftmpljci.

Double Flowered, flore pleno.

Wall Penny -wort, Navel- wort. Cotyledon , Umbili-
cus Veneris, Acetabulum, 515.

Wall Rue, Maiden Hair white, Adi ant urn album, Po-
ly trichum album, Capillus Veneris alb us, 463.

Wart Turnfole, Turnfole Wartwort- Helitropium ,
Verrucaria , 717, SeU. 3.

Wartwort, Succory Ballard wart, Cichorium Ver-

rucarium , Cbondrilla Verrucaria , . Zj-

cyntba, 674. Se£l- 8.

Wheat-Buck, Eagotriticum , Erumentum , Sarafeni-
cum, Eegopyrum, Tragopyrum , TrJgotriticum ,
Ocymum Cere ale, 732.

Wheat Cow, Melanpyntm Cametmj '■ Triticum ni-
grum, Triticum, Vaccinum , vcl Bovimni, Crj-
tteogonum Lobelij, Milium Syhaticum , 732.
Wheat Common, Triticum , Siligo, 733. ’ ' J'

Red, Triticum ttrijla rubra — fpicis ntbris.

Red not Atoned, mntici

White, — — Aw, arijlis albis , SAW

arijlis mumtum.

White not Awned, ; album mtiticum

Siligo, /pica mutied.

Gray Wheat, Spelt, or Spelt Corn s Triticum
Grtfeum, vel drier e urn arijlis mumtum
Ador, Spelta. Zea.

Many Eared , — Sp/'ca multiplier, - rarnofum.

Wheat Indian, Maize, Erumentum Indie urn,

Turcicum , Milium Indicum Maximum, 734,
Whitlow Grafs, Nailwor't, Paronychia, 737.

Rue Leav’d, folio Ruraceo.

Whortle-Berries, Bilberries, Ida: vel Idee,

Vaccinia, Vaccinium I'rtttex , Vitis Idea
vulgaris, 73d.

Marfh, — pahtjiria , Acinnaria palujlris,

Vitis Idea palujlris, Vaccinium paluflre,
Oxycoccum Cordi.

Widow-wail, Spurge Olive, Mezereott, Cbamelea,
Thyme lea, 637.

Williams Sweet Garden, Armerius , Caryophyllut
Sylveflris, 737.

Broad Leav’d Single, — latifolius ftmplex.
NarrowLeav’d Single,' -Angujlifoliits-ftmplex,

Double Flowered, Atigttfiif alius duplex.

Williams Wild, Crow-Flower; Armeracia, Arno-
raria Sylveflris , t los Cuculi , ilos Corrticis,
Caryophyllus Sylvefris minor.

Wind-Flower, Anemone, //ezij ura/;. Anemone ,
13, 14, 738.

Broad Leav’d Single Flowered, Anemone ,
latifo/ia flore Jimplici.

Broad Leav’d Double Flowered, —

multiplici.

Narrow Leav’d Si ngle, — anguftifolia Jlore ftmplici.
Narrow Leav’d Double, — ditplici, vcl pleno.
Winter Green, Pyrola, 739.

Our Winter Green, P>to/u noftras vulgaris.
European, Pyrola Europna flore Alfines.

Woad Garden, G/aflum Sativum , Ifatis Sativa.

Wild, Sylveftre, Ifatis agria, 740.

Woodroof, Woodrowel, Afperula, Afpergula, 741.
Common, Afperula , Afperula odor at a nojlras.

Blew Flowered, flore Carulea,

Cterulea arvenfis.

Break-Stone, Afperula repens , Junearia Ta-
berntemontant , Rubio limfolia afpera.
Wolfs-Bane Deadly, Aconitum, Luparia, Lycofto-
non, CynoUonon , 742-
Winter, Aconitum Hyemale.

Whitilh Early, luteum ponticum preecox.

Late Flowering, Ponticum Serotinum.

Greater Larks Heel’d, flore Confolidz

rega/is, — Cent! cum.

Leffer Larks Heel’d, — flore Delphinij

minus , flore Confolidx rcgalis,

deeruleum minus.

Wolfs-Bane Antidote, Doronicitrn, 743.

Roman, Vulgar, - — Romanum , vulgare.

Leffer, minus, — Plantagims folio.

Scorpion Rooted, braebiata radice.

Bnglilh

Index P lan l arum.

Englifh, or German, Alifma feu Damafonium
Mattbioli Of Diofcoridis.

Of the Shops, Doronicum Officinarum.

Wormwood Common, Abfmtbium , — vulgar e, 744.

Wormwood Roman or Pontick, Abfinthucm Roma-
num , Ponticum , 745.

Common, — Romanum vel Ponticum vulgare.

True, - - - • Verum , - — Tenui folium.

Auftrian, T enuifolium Auftriacum ,

• Ponticum Tridentinum.

Wormwood Marlh or Sea, Abfmtbium Marinum ,
Of Merit imum , Seripbium , Abfmtbium
Seripbium , 746.

Our Englifh, Seripbium Anglicum.

White, Abfmtbium Marinum album , Seriphi-
um album.

Wormfeed, Sementina , Semen ad Lumbricos , 747.

Foreign, Semen Tranfmarinum , Santonicum ,
Semen Santonicum , Abfmtbium Santonicum
Alexandrinum .

Englifh, Sementina Anglica , Camelina , /VJy<z-
alter urn amarum.

Englifh Wild, or Wild Gold of Pleafure,
Myagrum Sy he fire, Pfeudomyagrum.

Wound-wort, All-Heal, Panax, Panaces , 748.

Hercules, Hcracleum verum , Panaces

tieraclea vera.

Ch irons, Panax Chiron is, Panax Aureurn.
American , Panax Cbironium Amcricanum
minus.

Golden, Panax Aureurn Kemorum , Confolida
Aurea Nemorum.

Wrack Sea, fv/r/# Alar in us, A'ga Marina , 749.
Grafs, A ’ga Marina Graminea.

Dying, Tintforiat Fucus Marinus Tinffo-
rius.

Y.

Y Arrow-Land, Milfoil, Achillea Sidcritis, Mil-
lejolium , Millefolium Militarise 750.

Noble, Acbille's Noble Wound wurt, Ac hi lea
Nobi/is Odor at a, Millefolium ]\obile.

Yarrow Water, Myriopbyllum, Millefolium Aqua-
tic um vulgatius, 7 51.

Violet, Aquatic um Viulare.

Fennel Leav’d, Aquatic um Feeniculatum,

— Aquatic um Ranunculi flore Of Capnulo.
Yucca, Hiucca, Cazavi, Cafavi , 75:2.

The True, Hiucca , Cazavi , Alandioca.

Mallow Leav’d, Potato-like, Heticb Ameri-
canum.

Aloe Leav’d, Suppofititious, Ewrd /tfAyir

INDEX LAT1NUS.

ALf/grf, Cbam£pitys, Ground Pine.

Maritime , Antbyllis , Sea Ground
Pine.

Abr onus vel Abrugi , P if um Cor datum.
Heart Peafe.

Abrotonum mas-, Southernwood Male.

Fcemina , Arborefcens , Female South.

Abfmtbium, Wormwood.

Romanum, Ponticum , Roman Worm.

. Marinum , Seripbium , Sea Wormwood.

Marinum Anglicum, Englifh Sea Worm.

Marinum album, white Sea Wormwood.

Acanopbora, faces. Knapweed, Matfelion.

Jrantha leuca , Spina alba3 white Thorn Thiftle.
Acantbium, Carduus Tomentofus, Cotton or Woolly
Thiftle.

Acanthus , Acantba Saliva, Branca Urfma , Bears
Breech.

Arrf/7«.r, Carduus 3 The Antients Thiftle.

Acaron.y Rufats, Scope Regia , Butchers Broom.
Accipitrina, Hieracium, Hawkweed.

incommunis, Flawkweed rare.

Acedula, Acetofa, Sorrel.

Sylveftris, Field Sorrel.

Kemoralis, Wood Sorrel.

Acetabulum, Cotyledon, Umbilicus Veneris , Penny-
wort, Venus Navel-wort.

Acetofa, Sorrel, Garden Sorrel.

Acetofella , Trifolium Acetofum, Wood Sorrel.
Achillea , Millefolium Kobile, Achillea AJobilis Odo-
ratafimow Noble, Achi/Ws Wound-wort.
Acinaria palujiris , Vaccinia paluftris , Marfti Bil- ,
berries, Marfh. Whortle Berries.

Acinus, Cli nopodium. Wild Bafil.

Acinos, Ocimum Sy he fire. Wild Bafil.

Aconitum , Luparia , Lycottonon. Wolfs-Bane.

Hyemale, Winter Wolfs-Bane.

Aconitum Bacciferum, Herb Chriftopher.

Reed Aromatical, Sweet Smelling

Flag.

Aile, Sambucus , Elder.

Plmiji ChamuaHe, Ebulus, Dwarf Elder.
Aculeata , Carduus Aculeofus , Poly acantba, Thiftle
upon Thiftle.

P aft or is, Scandix, Ac us Veneris, Pellen Ve-
neris, Shepherds Needle.

Ac us Mofcbata,Geranium Mofcbatum, Herb Musk
Musked Cranes Bill.

Acutela, Ace ft a Bovis, Anon is, Remorum Aratri,
Reft Harrow.

Alar, Frumentum, Zea, Spelts, Gray Wheat
Spelt, Bread Corn.

Adiantum, Trichomanes , Capillus Veneris , Maiden-
Hair black.

Adiantum Aureurn, Golden Maiden-Hair, Golden
Locks.

TEgdops, Feftuca, Wild Oats, Grear Wild Oat-
Grafs.

JEginocbus P'linij Lithofpermum , Milium Solis

Gromell.

AEtbiopis , /Ethiopian Clary.

Agalochum , Lignum Aloes , Xyloaloes, Wood of
Aloes.

Agaric us, Agarick, Mufti room of the Larch Tree.
Ageratum , Eupatorium Mefues, Balfamita famine
Maudlin. 8 E 'Agnus

Index Lacinus.

Agnus Gi ft us, Chaft Tree.

Agrifolium , Holly.

Agr wear dam um, Cardawine , Cuckow - Flower,
Ladies Smock.

Agrimonia , Eupatorium , Agrimony.

Agrimonoides , Agrimony Ballard.

Agrioriganum , Marjorana Sylvejlris , Wild Marjor.
Chamopitys, Ground Pine.

— Merit ima , Anthyllts altera , Sea Ground Pine.
Ait hales, Sedum minus, LelTer Houle- Leek.

A'.zoon, Sedum, femper vivum, Houle-Leek.
Alaternus. Evergreen Privet.

Aibinum, Gnaphalium , Cudweed.

— Impium, Wicked Herb, Wicked Cudweed.

Marinum , Sea Cudweed.

American um, American Cudweed.

Albucum, Afphodelus, Afphodel.

Alcanna, Anchufa, Alkanet.

AL'.w */*«■*, LelTer Alkanet.

Alcea, Malva Verbenaca, Vervain Mallow.
Aichymilla, Stellaria Mattbioli, S&nicula major,
Pes Leonis , Ladies Mintle.

Marina , Ewz* Marin us, Mufcus Mari nits.
Sea Wrack.

T intforia, Fucus Marinus Tinfforius , Dying
Sea Wrack.

Far, Zr<j, S/W/vt, Gray Wheat •, alfo a
Pultage made thereof, called Frumety.
Alifma , Primula veris major, Paralyfis Herba ,
Cowllip.

Alimonia, Acetofella Netnoralts, Trifolium Aceto-
Jum, Wood Sorrel.

Alkakengi, Solanum Veficarium Winter Cherry.

• Albi, Carolinian Winter Cherry.

Alkali, Kali, Salicornia, Saif cor nia , Glaft-wort.
Alkanna , Pbillyrea, Mock Privet.

Alkermes, Chernies, Kermes , the Juice of .the
Chermes- Berries.

AHeluja , Trifofium Ac ct of urn, Acetofum Kern or alls,
Oxytriphyllum, Lujula, Wood Sorrel.
Allaria, A haftrum , Jack by Hedge, Sawce alone.
Allium, Allium Hortenfe , Garlick.

Viper inum, Ophiofcoridum , Vipers Garlick.

. — - Sylvejtre, Wild Garlick.

Ain us, Alder.

Niger, Black Alder.

Aloe, Aloes, the Gum.

Succotrina, Succotrine or Fine Aloes.

Hepatic a, Courfe or Ordinary Aloes.

A.’opccuros, Cauda Vulpts, Foxtail Grafs.

Aijine, Chick weed.

. Aquatica, Water Chickweed.

Notha, Ballard Chickweed.

Althoa, Malva paluflris, Mirfh Mallow.

Alypum Monfpelienfium, Alypios, Herba Terri bills.
Herb Terrible, Gut-wort.

Alyjfum, Mad- wort.

Anar a Dulcis, Dulcamara, Solanum Arborefcens,
Bitter Sweet, Woody Nightfliade.
Amarantbrts, Flower Gentle.

. Magnus, Great Flower Gentle.

— — Parvus, Small Flower Gentle.

Tricolor, Gelofia, Variable.

Aureus, Chryfocome, Si (echos Citrina ,

GoldSn Flower Gentle, Yellow Stoechas.
Amor us, Samp fucum. Sweet Marjoram.

Amaracus , Marjorana, Sweet Marjoram.

Latifolius, Pot Marjoram.

Sylveftris , Wild Marjoram.

Ambrojia Hortenfis, Oak ol Cappadocia.

Ambrofia vera, idem.

Ambubeia, Cichorea, Cichorium, Succory.
zAmeos, Ammi , Bifhops-weeed.

. Aromaticum , Aromatick Bilhops-weed.

Alienum, Cuminum Rrgium , Foreign

Bilhop s-weed,

Amelias, Caliha paluflris, Marfh Marigold.

Ammi, Ameos , Bilhops-weed.

Ammoniacum Gummi , Gum Ammoniack.

Amomum quor undam, the Fruit of the Clove-
Berry Tree.

Ampeloprajjum, P or rum Vitium. Vine Leek.
Amygdalum, An Almond,
c Amylum, White Starch made of Wheat.
Amyrbcns, Berber is. Barbery Bufh.

AnagalMs, Pimpernel.

— — Aquatica, Water Pimpernel.

Marina, Anthylljs latifolia. Sea Pimpernel.

An a gall is aquatica. Brook lime.

Anagyris , Laburnum , Bean Trefoil.

A nacardium, Elephantis, Bean of Malacca!
Anchufa, Alcanna, Alkanet.

altera, LelTer Alkanet.

A ndrachne. Poetulaca, Purflain.

Androf&mum, Clymcnum Italorum, Herba Si cilia na,
Tutfan, Park-Leaves.

Hypericoides , Tutfan Johns -wort.

An dr of ace, Eungus Marinus, Sea Navel wort.
Anemone, Herba Vend , Anemony, Wind-Flower.
A nethum, Anetum , Dill.

Sylvejlre, Wild Dill.

Anctum Vaccinium, Oculus Bovis, Buphthalmum ,
Ox Eye.

Angelica Hortenfis , Angelica.

Aquatica , Archangelica , Water Angelica.

Sylvejlris, Wild Angelica.

A nguria, Citrullus, Citruls, Water Melon.

A mar a, Colocynthis, Bitter Gourd.

Anifum, Matahalna , Anile.

A nonis. Are ft a Bovis, Remorum Aratri, Aculcata
Relt-Harrow.

Anferina, Argentina, Tanacetum Sylvejlre, A rge-

Antbemis,&)afiutme/wk,CIj}

Anthora, Antithora , Napellus Alexipharmicus, Hel-
met Flower Antidote.

hntbos, Flos vel flores Rofmarini, Rofmary Flowers.

Anthyllis, Leguminoja vulgaris, lentifimilis

Lobelij, Kidney Tare or Vetch.
Antirrhinum, Or ontium Calves- Snou t,Snap- Dragon.

Sylvejlre, Wild Snap Dragon.

Antithora, Napellus Andvenificus, Helmet Flower
Antidote.

A parine, Afperugo, Olivet1, Goofe Grafs.

Aphaca, Small Yellow Vetch.

Aphace, Vida Sylvejlris, Wild Vetch-.

Apios, Raphanus Sylvejlris, Wild RadifiY
A piajlrum, Apiaflellum, MeliJJophyllum, Mclites,
Melijfa, Bawm.

A plum Saxatile, Petrofelinum, Parlly, Stone or
Rock Parlly.

Apium Sylvejlre, Smyrnium, Hippo fehnuvt, Alex-
anders, Horfe Parlly.

Apium, Apium paluflre, Smallage, formerly Parlly.

■ Aqua ti cum, Smallage.

Apium Rif us. Ranunculus Aquaticus, Water Crow-
foot, Laughing Parlly.

Apocynum, Periploca , Dogs-Bane.

■ repens , Climing Dogs-Bane.

non re pens, lati folium, not Climing,

Broad Leaved.

A peronia, Vitis nigra , Bryonia nigra ,

Aqui foil urn, Agrfolium, Holly.

w,™, | Columbine.

A quilegia, J

A rabis. Dr aba, Arabian Muftard.

A rachus. Great Wild Vetch.

A rulda. Digitalis, Fox-Glove.

Ar annum, pi. Ar antis, Orenge, Orenges.
Archangelica, Angelica Aquatica , Water Angelica.
Arbutus, Strawberry-Tree. * A reJU

Black Brvonv.

Index Latinus,

Arefta Bov is, Ononis, Remorum Aratri, Kelt- Har-
row, Gimmock.

Argcmonc, Baftard Wild Poppy, fome take it for
Wild Tanfie.

Argentina, Potentil/a, Wild Tanfie.

Arif arum. Friars Cowle, Hooded Wake Robin,
or Cuckovy Pint.

Anftolochia , Biruh-wort.

Arizo, Oryza, Rice, Carolina Rice is accounted
the belt in the World

Armeria, Annerius , Caryophyllus Sylveflris, Sweet
VVilliams.

Armor aria. Wild Williams.

Armor acia, Rapbanus Sylveflris, Wild Radi (h.

, Amoglojjum , * Plant ago , Multinervia, Plantane,

.. — Align ft folium. Rib-wort Plantane.
Artemifia , Mug-wort.

Marina, Sea Mug-wort.

Artbanita, Panis P or anus, Cyclamen, Cyclaminus,
Sow-bread.

Artbritica, Primula Veris, Paralyfis Herba minor,
Alifma Sylveflris , Primrofe.

Arum, Sacerdotis Penis, Wake Robin, Cuckow-pint.
Arum AEgyptium , Eddo of Carolina.

Arundo, Calamus , Reed, Pool Reed.

Major , Calamus major, Arundo Donax,

Cane, or Cane Reed.

Afarum, Perpenfa, Nardus Ruftica, Afarabacca.

Sylveftre, A farina. Wild Afarabacca.

Afcalonitis , Scallions, One of the Kinds of Onions.

Afclepias,Vincetoxicum,Hirundinariaantiqua,S wal-
low-wort.

Afcyrum, Peters-wort, Square Johns Grafs.
Afpalatbus, Lignum Rhodium , -Rofe Wood.
Afparagus Hortcnfis, Afparagus Garden.

Sylveflris, Wild Afparagus.

Palujlris — Marinus, Marfli Afparagus.

Afperugo , Aparine, Clivers.

Afperulai Afpergula communis, Woodroof.

. P lore Carulea, Blew Flowered Woodroof,

Repens — Juncaria, Rubia linifolia afpera,

Woodroof, Break-ftone.

Afpbodclus , Afphodel.

Afphodelus luteus, Hajlula Regia, Kings Spear.

Bulbofus, Hyacintbinus, Onion Afphodel.

Palufler,Pfeudo Afphodelus,\VM or Marfh.

Afplenium, Ceterach , Spleen-wort, Milt-walte.

Verum , Ceterach, True Spleen- wort, or

Milt-wafte:

After,Bubonium, Inguinalis , Star- wort.

AJler Atticus Italorum, Purple Italian Star-wort,
or Purple Marigold.

Aftragahis nothus. Milk Vetch.

Aflragaloides Herbariorum, idem.

Aftragaloides, Baftard Milk Vetch.

Aft rant ia, bnperatoria , Mafter-wort.

After ion. After Atticus, Greek Star- wort, True
or Yellow Star- wort.

After Conizoides , Flea-bane Star- wort.

Aftorca , Stcechas, Stcecbados, Caflidony, French
Lavender.

Athanafta hortenfis-, Tanacetum Sativum, Tanfie.

Sativum crifpum , Crifped Tanfie.

— -u Lanuginofum, VVoolly Tanfie.

Verftcolor, Party colored Tanfie.

Atbara , A Pultage or Frummety made of Zea, or
our Gray Wheat.

Atrattylis, Cnicus vel Cartbamus Sylveflris, Wild
Baftard Saffron.

Atrapbaxis, Atriplex , Arach, or Orach.

Atriplex Hortenfis , Garden Arach.

. Sylveflris, Wild Arach, All-feed.

- — Icvtida , ft inking Arach.

Marina, Sea Arach.

'^/ive liana, Filberd Tree.

Sylveflris , Hafle Tree*

A vena, Oats.

Sylveflris, Wild Oats.

Avornus, Alnus nigra. Black Alder.

Aurantium, pi. Aurantia, Orenge, Orenges.
Aureum Olus , Atriplex hortenfis. Garden Arach.
Auricomum, Amarantbus aureus, Stascbas Citrina,
Yellow Stccchas,Gold Locks,,Golden Flower
Gentle.

Auricula Urft-> SaniculaUrfma , Bears Ear.
Auricula Muris, PilofcUa My foils , Moufe Ear.
Auricula Leporis, Bupleurum , Hares Ears.

B.

BAccharis ojficin, Afarum , Afarabacca.

Baccbans Monfpe lien Hum, Plowmans Spick-
nard.

Balaufium, Pomgranate Flower.

Ballot e, Marrubium nigrum, Black Horehound.
balfamina mas, balfamina Cucumerina , Balfam
Apple.

Bafimit ama]or,MenthaGraca velRomana floRmziy .
balfamum, Balfam.

Barba Aron, Sempervivum, Sedum, Houfeleek,
alfo Wake Robin, or Cuckow-pint.

Barba Hirci, Tragopogon , Goats Beard, Noon
Flower.

Barba Jovis, Sempervivum, Sedum, Great Houfe-leek.
Barbarea , Nafturtium Hybernum, Bank Crefs,
Winter Crefs.

BardanajLappa major, Perfonata, Bur- dock Great.
Bafilica, Gentiana, Gentian or Fell-wort.

Bafilicum tiortenfe, Ocymum, Bafil Garden.

Citratum, Citron Bafil.

Cary opby l latum. Clove Bafil.

Sylveftre, Wild Bafil.

Batracbion, Ranunculus, Crowfoot.

. — Hortenfis , Garden.

Arvus vel arvorum , Field Crow-foot.

Nemoralis, Wood Crow-foot.

Aquatic us — ■ Palujlris, Water Crow- foot*

Bat us, Rubus Sylveflris, Bramble-bufh.

Bait at a, Pappa Anghcana vel Hiberniana , Bat tat as.
Potatoes Englifh or Iriflj.

Hifpaniarum, Spanifh Potatoes.

■ — Virginiana, Virginia Potatoes.

Becabunga, Anagalis aquatic a. Brook-lime.
Becbium, Farfara , Tuffi/ago, Colts-Foot.

Bedeguar , Rofa Eglenteria , Rofi Sylveflris, Briar-
bulh.

Beben album , Papaver fpumeum. Spading Poppy.
Beilis — Hortenfis , Daify Garden.

■ Sylveflris minor, fmall Wild Daify.

— — Sylveflris major. Greater Wild.

Magna vel maxima. Great Daify or Maud-
lin-wort.

Benzoin, Benjamin.

Berber is, Barbery-bufh.

Betulla , Becabunga , Anagallis aquatica , Brook-
lime.

Beta alba , Sicula, Sic la, Beet White.

rubra vel nigra , Red Beet.

Romana, Roman Beet.

Betonica , Betony.

- Aquatica, Water Betony.

Betonica Pauli, Veronica mas , Pauls Betony, Speed-
well.

Bet ul a, Birch Tree.

Bi folium, Ophris, Twa-blade, or Bifoil.

Paluflre, Marfli Twa-blade.

Bipinella, Pimpinella, Burnet.

Saxifrage, Burnet Saxifrage.

Bf acuta, Gingidium, Tooth-pick Chervil.
Biflingua, HippogloJJ'um, Horfe Tongue.

Biz aria , Dracuncu/us , Dragons.

Aquatica . Water Dragons,

8 D 2

Bi 'at t aria ,

Index Latinus,

Elan aria, Moth Mullein.

Blecon, Pulegium, Penny-royal.

Blit urn alburn, Blite White.

Rubrum , Red Blite.

Bolbonacb, Lunaria major, Viola Lunaria vulgaris,
Honefty, Sattin-flower, Money-flower.
Boletus, Fungus, Mu(h-room, Toad-ftool.

Efculentus, Eatable Mufh-room.

Bombax, Goffipium, Xylum, Cotton Plant.

Bonus Hcnricus, Tola bona, Mercurialis, Pes An-
ferinus , Englifh Mercury.

Borago, Borage.

Bot anuria , Aphyllanthos , Silver Knap- weed.

Botrys, Oak ol Jerufalem.

Branca Urfina , Acanthus fativus , Bears Breech.
Braffica , Cauhs, Crambe , Cole-wort.

Braffica Capitate , Cabbage.

Rubra, Red Cabbage.

Alba , White Cabbage.

BraJJica floriia , Caulis florida. Colly -flower.
Braffica Canine , Cynocrambe, Dogs Mercury.
Bradys , Sabina, Savine.

Steri/is, Barren.

Baccifera, Berry-bearing.

Britannica, hyiroUipaihum, Great Water Dock.
Briza monococcos, hordeum agrefte, Peters Corn.
Bromos, Fejhica, Wild Oats.

Brumaria , Leontopcta/on , Lcontopodium, Lions Leaf.
Brunella, Prunella, Self-heal.

Brufcus, Rufats, Acaron, Butchers Broom, Knee-
Holm.

Bryon, Mujcus, Mofs.

Arbor e us , Tree Mofs.

Marinas, Sea Mofs.

Bryonia alba, Vitis alba, Viticella , White Briony.

Nigra, Sigillum Maria, Black Briony.
Bubonium, After, Inguinalis , Star, wort, Bubo-
Grafs.

Buccinum , Confolida Regalis Sylveftris, Larks-fpur.
Bucranium, Antirrhinum , Orontium, Snap Dragon,
Calves-Snout.

Buglojfa, Hifpanica rubra, Anchufa, Alkanet.

Bugle jam Horten/e, Buglofs.

Sylveftre , Ox Tongue, Wild Buglofs.
Bulbocaftanum, Ground Nut, Earth Nut.

Bugula , Nemorale, Confolida media. Bugle, Wood
Earth Nut.

Bulbonach, Lunaria major, Viola Lunaria, Honefty,
Sattin Flower, Money Flower. _

Bulbus agreftis , Colchicum , Medow Saffron.

Bulbus Vomitorius vcl Fmelicus, Hyacinthus Botroi-
dcs Mofchatus,Mufcari, Vomiting Jacinth.
Bulbus Sylveftris, Allium Sylveftre , Cepa Sylveftris,
Crow Garlick.

Bunks, Napus, Navew Gentle, Long Turnep.

Sylveftris, Agreftis, Wild Navew.
BuniumfDaucus Apij folio, A Kind of Wild Carrot.
Buphthalmum, Oculus Bovis, Ox Eye.

Bupleurum, Auricula Lcporis, Herba Vulneraria,
Hares Ears.

Burfa Paftoris, Per a Paftoris, Shepherds Purie.
Bxtomos Theophrafti, Spargamum, Xiphidwn, Enfi-
culas , Carex, Bur Reed, Sedge.

Buxea Spina, Lycium, Box Thorn.

Buxus, Box. , „

Humilis nodus. Sharp pointed Box.

Byftus, Gojfypium, Xylum, Cotton Plant.

C.

CAcalia, Tuffilago montana , Horfe-foot ftrange.
Cachrys vera, Libanotis, Herb Frankincenle.
Notha, Libanotis latifolia. Herb Frankincenfe
Leav’d.

Cachrys marina, Critbmum , Sampire.

Call as Theophrafti, Cinera, Artichoke.

Sylveftris , Scolymus, Wild Artichoke.

Calamintum, ~l r ,

Calamintba, fCalamint-

Agreftis , Wild Calamint.

Calabrina , Loncbitis' Afplenium, Spleen-wort.
Calcaris flos , Delphinum , Confolida Regalis , Lark-
fpurs.

Cdlcbochrum , Fumaria , Fumiterry.

Calcifraga , Saxifrage , Saxifrage, Stone-break.
Calicularis , Hyofcyamus , Henbane.

Cbalitricum , Adiantum , Tricbomanes, Maiden-hair.
Caltha , Calendula , Marigold.

Calamus aromaticus , Acorus verus , True Acorus,
Flag fweet Smelling.

Calamogroftis , Reed Grafs.

Calatbiana vera , Pneumonantbe , Calathian Violet.
Calccolus Maria, Helleborine , Ladies-flipper.
Calcitrapa , Carduus Stellaris , Star Thiltle.

Calendula , Caltba^ Marigold.

Paluftris , Marfh Marigold.

Camelina , Scmentina Anglic a, Englifh V Formfeed.
Camomilla , Chamamclum , An them is, Camomil.
Campanula, Bell-flower.

Autumnalis , Pncumonantbe, Calathian Violet,
Autum Gentian.

Campborata, Stinking Ground-pine.

Campbora, Camphir.

Camphor at um, Abrotonum magnum , Great South-
ern-wood.

Cannabis, Hemp.

Sterrilis , Barren Hemp, Summer Hemp.
Canna, Arundo, Cane or Reed.

Cantab rica, Gentianella minor vernat The fmaller
Spring Gentian.

Capillus Veneris , Adiantum , Tricbomanes, Maiden-
hair.

Cafparis , Capers.

Capri folium, Periclymenum, Wood-bind.

Capfella , Ihlajpi, Treacle Muftard.

Capficum , Amencanum , — Indie um ,

Guinny or Indian Pepper.

Caput Gallinaceum, Onobryebis , Cocks-head.

Capillar is, Capillus Veneris , Maiden-hair.

C?pmf Fumiterry.

Caput Aquila Baubini, Nafturtium, Crefs.

Cardamum , Pfeudobunium, Barb are a, WinteiCrefs.
Cardamine , Agriocardamum, Cuckow-flower, La-
dies-fmock.

Cardamomum , Cardamom.

Majus , grains of Paradife.

Cardiac a. Mother-wort.

Carduus benediQus, Bleffed Thiftle.

Carduus , Thiltle.

Fullonum , Dipfacus, Fullers Teafle.

Carex, Sparganium,Xipbidion , Enftculas , Sedge, Bur
Reed.

Carica , aridus. Dried Figs.

Carlina , Carline Thiltle.

Carobe , Ceratonia , Johns Bread
Cartbamus , Cnicus , Baftard Saffron.

Caru?n, Careum , Carraways.5
Caryophyllatat Herba bene ditto, Avens.

Casyopbyllus Hortenfis, Herba Tunica , Carnations,
Gilliflowers.

Sylveftris, Pinks.

Ruber prof unde, Clove-gilliflowers.
Caryopbyllus Indicus , Clove-tree alfo the Clove
it felf.

Cary on, Nux , A Nut.

Caffcbar, Coriandrum, Coriander.

Cajfia folutiva, vel fiftula. Purging Caflia.

Cajftgncte , Pimpinella, Sangu forba , Burnet.
Cajfhtba , Cufcuta, Dodder.

Caftanea, Cheftnut, C aft or is

Index Latinus.

Cafloris Trifolium , * Bitumnofunt , Stinking

Trefoil.

Caflrangula, Scropbularia , fig-wort.

Cataputia, , Tithymalus , Latbyris , Laftaria , Spurge.
Catanancc , Ervum Sylvejire , Crimfon Grafs Vetch.
Cattaria,Nepeta, Mentha Cattaria, Nep or Cat Mint.
Cathfum , Abrotonum , Southern- wood.

Cducalis , Jdedge Parfly.

Caucafon , Alc/y Indicum , Indian Moly.

Cauda Mur is, Holojleum Loniceri , Moufe Tail.
Caulordpum. , Cole Rape, Rape Seed Cole.

Cauda Equina , Equifetum , Horfe Tail.

Caucan Ptinij , idem.

CWo Vulpium , w/ Vulpinum , Alopecuro x* Fox
Tail.

Caulk-, BraJJtca. , Crambc , Cole-wort, Cabbage.
Caul is capitulate , Cabbage.

Cazavi , Cajavi , luce a, Tucca, Indian Bread.

Cedrus , Cedar Tree.

Centaurium majus , Centory.

Minus, Leffer Centory.

Ccntimorbia , Nummularia , Mony-wort.

Centinervia , Plant ago major , Greater Plantain.
Cenchrk , Milium , Millet.

Centromyrrbine , Acaron, Brufcus , Rufcus , Butch-
ers Broom.

Centrum Galli , UorminutH , Sclarea , Clary.
Centumnodia , Polygonum , Knot-grafs.

Knawell.

Centunculus , Gnaphalium , Cud-weed.

Impius, mine. Wicked Cudweed.

Marine , Sea Cud-weed.

Americanum , ’ Argyrocome , American Cud-
weed.

Cepa, Capa, Cape, Onion. _

Aj'c atonic a, AJcalofiitis, Scallions.

Cep a i, Telepbium, Crajjula , Orpine of Matthiolus.
Cerafus, Cherry.

Ceratonia,: Carobe, Johns Bread.

Cerefolium, horten/e , Chervil.

Magnum, Myrrhis, Sweet Cifley.

Sylvejire, Cbarophyllum, Wild Chervil.
Bifacutum, Gingidium, Tooth-pick Chervil.
Ceri tithe , Herba maru, Hony-wort.

Cerannia, Crajjula, Telepbium, Fabaria , Orpine.
G?/?.r, Candy VVild Carrot.

Cervicaria, Tr ache Hum, Campanula folijs Urtict,
Throat-wort.

TUd/V, Campanula major, Canterbury Bells.
CVmz major, Cherva , C/«, Croton-, Picinus, Rici-
nus, Palma Cbrifti, Great Spurge.
Ceftron, Betonica, Betony.

Aquaticinn, Water Betony.

Cefirum morion, Typba , Typba aquatica, Cats Tail,
Reed Mace.

Ceteracb Afplenium , True Spleen-wort, Milt
Waite.

Scolopendrium , True Spleen-wort.

Cbamaatte , Dwarf Elder, Dane-wort.

Cbamacifius, Dwarf Ciftus, Englifh Ciftus.
Cbamcedrys, Trixago , Teucrium , Sjuercula —
Germander.

Sylvefirk , Wild Germander.

Equaiica, Scordium , Water Germander.
Cbamagenifla , Genifla bumilis. Common Broom -,
a Dwarf Kind.

Cham tins major , Dwarf Flower-de-luce Greater.

Minor, Dwarf Flower-de-luce Leffer.
Cbamamelum, Cbamomilla, Antbemis, Camomil.
CbamcUa Germanica , Thyme Ha, Mezereon , Meze-
reon,or Shrub Spurge01ive,VVidow Wail.
Cbam&h'd tricoccos , CWcttx 0/^, 0/^-

/rr///#, Widow Wail, Spurge Olive.
Chamalinum , L.maria Pumila, Dwarf Flax.

IRepens, PJeudolinum repent. Flax -weed
Creeping.

Cbamamorus, Rubus Tricoccus , Knot Berry Briat*
Dew- berry.

Chamancnum, Lyjintachia (iliquofa , Codded Loofe-
ltrite, or Willow Herb.

Chamapitys, Iva arthritic a, Abiga , Ground Pine.

Mar it im a, Sea Ground Pine.
Cbamarbodendros, Dwarf Rofe Bay.

Cbamabuxus , Dwarf Box.

ChameciJJus, Hcdcra terreftris , Ground Ivy, Ale*
hoof

Minor, Small Ale- hoof.

Montana , Mountain Ale hoof.

Cbamadaphne , L aureola , Lawrel, Baltard Bay.
Chamaleuce, Ear far a, Becbium, Tujf logo, Colts- foot.
Cbamaleagnus , Myrtus Brabant ica, RbusSylvefris ,
Sweet Gaul.

Cbarepbyllum, Ccrcfoli um Sylvejire, Chervil Wild.
Chamap/ium , Eryfmum , Sinapi alter um, Hedge
Muftard.

Verum, True Hedge Muftard.

Cbamomilla , Cbamamelum, Antbemis , Camomil.
Chart a. Papyrus , Paper Reed.

Cbathe, Cucumis , Cummer, Cucumber.

Cbelidonium , Hirundinaria, Celandine.

Cbeiri , Lucoium Lutcum , VVall-flower.

Flore Simplici, Single Wall- flower.

P/W P/<?/7e, Double Wall-flower.

Cherva , Ricinus, Palma Cbrifii, Great Spurge.
Chironia , Sigillum J anti a maria, , C/V/x nigray Bryo-
nia nigra. Black Bryony.

Chocolate , Chocolate made of the Nut Cacao-, that
made of the Caracca Nuts is the belt.

Chit ini, Althea, Malva Pafujlris , Marfh- mallow.
Chondnlla , Gum Succory.

P'F/v, Grace, True Gum Succory.

Chriflophoriana Herbay Herba chrijlophori , Herb
Chriftopher.

Chryfanthemum Segetum, Corn Marigold.
Chryfogonony Leontopetalony Oaken black Turnep,
Lions Foot,' 446.

Chryfolachanon, Atriplcx fat iva. Garden Arach.
Chryfomelon , Mains Armeniaca , Apricock.

Cicerbita , Sonchus levis. Smooth Sow Thiftle.
C/V/, Ricinus, Kerva , Cherva, Croton , Picinus ,
Chrijti, Great Spurge.

C/ov, Sativum , Cich-peafe or Chiches.

Sylvejlrey VVild Chich Peafe.

C ichor cum, Cichorium, Cichorea , Succory.
Hortenfc, Garden Succory.

Sylvejlrey VVild Succory.

Nothum, Baltard Succory.

Cichoreum Verrucarium, Wart Succory.

Porcimm, Swines Succory.

Gumm fumy Cbondrilla, Gum Succory.

C/V/<7, Beet.

A/ta, White Beet.

Rubra, Red Beet.

Cicuta, Conion, Hemlock.

Minor, fatua, A/v; /0/w, Parfly

Leav-d Hemlock.

Aquatica Paluflris, Water Hemlock
Cicutaria, Smyrrbiza, Smyrnium , Myrrhis, Cicely.
Ala j or. Greater Sweet Cicely.

Minor , Leffer Sweet Cicely.

Cidromela , Malum Mcdiaim , Citrangulnm, Citron.
Turcica, Great Round Headed Citron, the
Shaddock.

Criminalis , Gentiana , Felwort or Gentian.

Major, Greater Gentian.

Minor Gentianella, Lefter Gentian.

Minor cruciata, Crofs-wort Gentian.
Cincinallis, Capillus Veneris, Maiden-hair.

Nigra, Trichomdnesy Black Maiden-hair.
A//w/», White Maiden-hair.

A«rr^, P^/r/V«wd«ww,GoldenMaiden-haii\
Cinamomum , Cinamon. Cinara,

Index Latinos.

inara, Cynara , Scolymus , Artichoke.

Sylveflris, Scolymus Sylvejiris , Wild Arti-
choke.

Cineraria Dodon<ei, Jacob £a marina Sea Rag-wort.
Ciroea , Solarium Ctrcxum, Inchanters Nightfhade.
Cirjium , Cardans mollis , Melancholy Thillle, Single
Headed Thiltle.

CiJTampelos , Helxine , Bind-weed.

Altera , Small black Bind-weed.

Nigra, Black Bind- weed.

CiJJus, Hcdera , Ivy.

Arbor e a , Tree Ivy.

Muralis , Wall Ivy.

Cijhis , Ciftus mas , Holy Rofe.

Sylvejiris , R^/a Sylvatica , Holy Rofe Wild.
Citrangulum , Curio, Curium-, A Citron.

Lit rage, MeliJJa , Melites , Melifjophyllum Bawm.
Noth a, Ballard Bawm.

Turcica , Turky Bawm.

Curium, Citre urn. Curio -, A Citron.

Citrullus , Anguria , Citrul -, Water Melon.
Clavicula , Hcdera helix , Hederula -, Barren Ivy.
Clavum Veneris, Nymphaa -, Water Lilly.

Album, alba. Nenuphar -, White Water Lilly.
Luteum , lute a -, Yellow Water Lilly.
Clavus, Caryophyllus hortenfs ; A Clove Gilli-
fiower.

Indicus Clove, the Spice.

Clematis Daphnoides , Ch am £ daphne Plinij, Vinca-
pervinca Perwinkle.

Clematis , Ladies or Virgins Bower, alfo Perwinkle.
Clinopodium, Ocimum Sylveflre Wild Balil.
Clymenum , Androjxmum Tutfan, Park-Leaves.
Clymenon, Betonica aquatica-, Water Betony.
Cnict/s, Carthamus -, Ballard Saffron.

Cnic us Sylvejiris, Atrallilis Wild Ballard Saffron.
Coagulum terra, Nidus avis. Orchis abortiva-.
Birds Nell.

Coccus Cnidius -, Berries or Grains of Mezeron,
Widow Wail, ©r Spurge Olive.

Coccygria, Rhus -, Sumach.

Ctox A ^ ^ The Cocus Nut, which is good Food
and Drink.

Cochlear i a. Cochlear iam , Telephium quer undam
Scurvy Grafs.

Hortenfis -, Garden Scurvy Grafs.

Anglicana , — marina Englifh Scurvy-Grafs.
Cochencle', The Grain Cochenele.

Coc cuius lndi Indian Nut.

Colchicum, Ephemeron -, Medow Saffron.

Anglicum Englifh Med-Saffron.
lllyricum -, Greek Med-Saffron.

•, Indian or Syrian Med-Saffron.
Colocynthis, Coloquintida-, Bitter Gourd.

Jovis, Sc lore a lute a, Horminum luteum ■, J u-
piters Dillaff, Yellow Clary.

Colute a, Ballard Sena.

Columnaris, Campanulla latfefcens , Campanula ma-
jor five Pyramidalis The great Pyramidal
Bell-flower, or greater Milky Bell-flower j
fome will have it to be Garden Rampion.
Colubvina. Arum JEgyptium,?feudocolocaJ]ia ■, Eddo
of Carolina.

Coliandrum , Corianum , Coriandrum-, Coriander.
Coloquintida, Colocynthis Bitter Gourd or Citrul.
Columbaris, Columbina, Verbena, Verbenaca , //<?

cularia Matricalis -, Vervain.

Conilaus , Conit a, Cicutaria, Myrrhis , Smyrnium-,
Cicely.

Condift , Struthium, Viola agreflis Tragi, Sapcna-
ria , Soap- wort.

Condrilla, Chondrilla Gum Succory.

f'ipra •, True Gum Succory.

Ccnion, Cicuta -, Eiemlock.

Paluflre aquatica • Water Hemlock.

Confolida minor , Prunella Self-heal.

Confolida quinquefolia -, Butter-wort.

Confolida farafenica vel aurea , Solidago farafenica ;
Confound Saracens.

Confolida major , Symphytum , Solidago , Ofleqcpl/oh •'
Comfrey.

Confolida media, Bug u la -, Bugle.

| 'Confolida Regalis Sylvejiris , F/cv calcaris , Ddphi-
num -, Larks Spur or Heel, Knights-lpur.
Convolvulus , Volubilis Bind-weed.

Minor Lelfer Bind- weed.

Volubilis nigra -, Black Bind-weal. '

Marinus , Scldanella-, Sea Bind- weed.

Coni z a major j tleabane Greater.

Minor Lelfer.

Bumildy Chameeconiza -, Dwarf-Fleabane.

Palufiris aquatica , Confolida p'aluflris ;

Water Flea bane.

Copayba, Cupayba -, Balfam Capivi.. ,

Cophy-, Coffee ^ the Pouder of which makes a Va-
luable Stomatick Liquor or Drink.
Corallina -, Coralline Mofs.

Cor allium -, Coral.

H/Zw/z ^ White.

Ruhr urn -, Red Coral.

Car Indicum, Pifum cor datum Heart Peafe.
Coriandrum Coriander.

Corcoras Plinij , Anagalis Pimpernel.

Corianum , Coriandrum , Coriander.

C<?m ; Fair Heath Ground Pine.

G/77« Ccrvinum vel Ccrvi , Coronopus • Harts- horn
Plantain, Bucks-horn.

Corona Monachi , D<f^x Leonis9 Taraxicon •, Dan-
delion, Pifs-a-bed.

Corona Regia , Pomum Spinofum •, Thorny-Apple.
Coroneola, Lyfmachia-, Loofe-ftrife, WillOVV-Herb?
Spicata ■, Spiked Loofe-flrife.

Aro/i? fpicata Loofe-ltrife npt Spikdd.

Siliquofa , Codded.

Corrigiola, Sanguinaria, Centumnodia, Polygonum
Knot-grals.

Corrago, Borago 5 Borage.

Cortex Winter anus , Cinamomum Winter anum ,
Winters Cinamon.

Cortex Per nanus, five Jefuiticus •, Jefuits Bark.
Coridalium, Calchocrum , Cap nos Plinij , c'
Fumitory.

Corydalis , Radix cava 5 Hollow Root>

Fumitory.

Coronopus , Sanguinalis • Bucks-horn.

Marinus -, Sea Bucks-horn.

Corona Imperialis -, Crowm Imperial Lilly.

Cortufa, Auricula TJrft , Sanicula XJrftna, Bears
Ear Sanicle.

Corylus , Avellana, Nux Heracleotica Filbert.
Sylveftris Hafle-Nut.

G?/?^x Hortorum , Balfamita major , Mentha Greeca
vel Rom ana Coftmary.

Cojla canina , £>tiinquenervia , Plantago minor ;

Rib-wort Plantane.

Cotinus Plinij , Rhus Sumach.

Cotula, Cotula fcctida $ May Weed.

Cotyledon , Acetabulum , Umbilicus Veneris , Herba
Coxendicum Navel-wort, Penny-wort.
Cotcnaria, Gnaphalium \ Cud-weed.

aureum \ Golden Cud-weed.

Cot one urn, A Quince.

Cbtonajler -, Wild Quince.

Cot urn, Xylum, Bombax, Gojfipium Cotton-plant.
C race a, Aracus -, Great Wild Vetch.

CraJJula , Telephium, Fabaria , Ceraunia ■, Orpine.
Lrateogonum , Triticum vaccinum \ Cow- Wheat.
Sylveflre, Alt hum fylvaticum Wild Cow-

Wheat.

Crambe, BraJJtca Cabbage, Cole-wort.

Crambe ThalaJJta, Soldanella, Convolvulus marinus ,
Sea Bind-weed.^ Cr^-

Fumaria ;

a Kind of

Index Lacinus,

Crepanella , Dentil far jo, Molybd<ena,P lumbago Plinij i
Lead-wort.

Crefpinus Berberis •, Barberry Bufh.

Crimta , Capillus Veneris , Adiantum , Tricbomancs ^
Maiden-hair.

CrinotJj Lilium ^ Lilly.

Convallium , vernitm j Lilly Convally.

Album, White Lilly.

Lutcum Yellow Lilly.

Crijla Gallic Pcdicularis , Pedicularia , Fjlularia ■,
Cocks or Cox-comb, Loufe-wort, Yellow
Rattle.

Rubra ; Red Rattle or Loufe-wort.

Critbmum , Fceniculum marinum ■-> Sampire.

lAaritimum Spinofum ^ Thorny Sampire.

Chryfantbemum , An thy Ills major •, Golden
colored Sampire.

Crocus , Crocitm Saffron.

Nothus , Cnicus ; Baftard Saffron.

No thus Sylvejlris , Atraftylis j Wild

Ballard Saffron.

Crocus Indicus, Curcuma ^ Turmerick.

Croton , Cherva , Kerva, Picinus , Ricinus , P<z//&m
Gbri/fr’ •, Great Spurge.

Cruel alls , Crucial a. Cruel at a minor , Her ni aria •,
Crofs-wort, Crofs-wort Gentian.

Cubebce, Cubebs.

Cucumis , S/V/r -, Cucumber.

Afininus agrejlis Wild Cucumber.

Afininus - fylvejlris . anguinus ,

Wild Cucumber.

Cucurida , Dentillaria , Plumbago Plinij , Molyb-
d&na -, Lead-wort.

Cucullata , Pinguicula, Sanicula Eboracenfe * Butter-
wort.

Cucurbit ^Rotunda Cf oblongafG ourd round and long.

Sylvejlris , Colocyntbis ; Wild Gourd, Colo-
quintida.

Cuminunt Cummin.

JEthiopicum , Amnti, Ameos Bifhops-weed.

Cunita Fuchjij , Tbymbra ^ Savory.

JEftiva j Summer Savory.

Hyberna ^ Winter Savory.

Cretica -, Candy Savory.

Cunilago, Coniza ^ Flea-bane.

jWk/V ^ Greater Flea-bane.

Minor Leffer Flea-bane.

Pumila ^ Dwarf Flea-bane.

Cupaybay Copayba - Balfam Copayba or Capivi.

CupreJJus , Cyparijfus Cyprefs Tree.

Curcuma , Crocus Indicus * Turmerick.

C«m/ Diofcoridis Birly Pdfan alfo Ale and
Beer , as fotne will have it.

Cufcuta , Cajjutba , Cajfit as Plinij Dodder.

Cusbar , Coliandrum , Corianum, Conundrum ^ Cori-
ander.

Cyanus Blew-bottle.

Multiflorus ^ Double Flowered Blew-
bottle.

Minor , Baptijecula -, Lefler Blew-bottle.

Cyamos , Cuamus , fata ^ Beans.

Coccinus Scarlet Beans.

Equinus Agriusi Field or

Horfe Beans.

Cyclamen , Cyclaminus, Panis Porcinus , Orbicularis ,
Rapum Terra Sow bread.

Cydonium , A Quince.

Cymbalaria ■ ltalorum Baftard Navel-wort.

Cyminum , Cuminum horterife j Cummin-Garden.
Sylvejlre-, Wild Cummin.

Cyminalia , Gentiana , Fell-wort, Gentian.

Cynantbemos , Cyantbemisy Cotula , feetida , May

Weed.

Cynanchice , Synanchica , Rubia Synancbica , Quinfey
Madder.

Cynara , Cinara , Scolymus , Artichoke.

Agrejlis Sylvejlris , Wild or Thiftle

Artichoke.

^Cynecramke, ^ Dogs Mercury.

Cynoglojjum , Lingua Canina , Lingua Canis , Hounds
Tongue.

Cynorrbodon , Rtf/iz Eglenteria , Sweer Briar.

Cynof orchis , Tejliculus vel Tejliculi Canis Cf Coni-
mis , Dogs-ftones.

Cynosb'atus , Rubits , Bramble-bufh.

Cynocepbalus , 0 cuius Bovis , A net urn Vaccinia m ,
Buphthalmum , Ox-Fye.

Cynofpajlus 5 Pconia , Dulcijida , Peony.

Male Peony
Peemina , Female Peony.

Cy perus^ Afpalathum , uncus quad rat us Cf angu-
lojus , Galingal or Cyperus.

Cyparijfus, CupreJJus , Cyprcjfus , Cyprefs Tree.
Cyprus , Ligujlrum , Pnilyrea , Privet.

Cytijus , Trifolium arbor e ferns , Shrub Trefoil,
Milk Trefoil, Tree Trefoil.

Verus^ True Tree Trefoil.

Vulgaris , Common Tree Trefoil.

D.

DAtura , Stramonium minus , Dutroa, Dutery.
Daucus , Pajlinaca Sylvejlris ten in folia , Wild
Carrot.

Creticus , Our common Daucus Seed of
the Shops.

Daffylus , pi. DaSyli , Dates.

Damafonium , Alijma , Herba Paralyfis minor ,
Primrofe.

Damafonium , Digitalis bortenjis , Fox Glove.
Daphne , Laurus, Bay Tree.

Della t Beta , Beet.

A/Az, Sicula , S/V/tf, White Beet.

w/ Red Beet.

Romana , Roman Beet.

Delpbinum , Confolida Regalis , Larks-fpur.

Dens Caninus , Dent all Clufij , Dogs Tooth 5 a
Kind of Satyrion.

Dent aria , Dentillaria , Coralloides , dentariay
Tooth-wort, Coral-wort.

Dentillaria , Plumbago Plinij , Molybdana , Pliny’s
Lead-wort.

Diagredium , Scammony prepared with Sulphur or
Juice of Quinces.

Diapenfia , Cucullata , Pinguicula , Butter- wort.
DiUamnum , Dittany.

Cretticum , Dittany of Creet.

Nothumy Baftard Dittany.

Digitus Veneris , Nymphcea , Water Lilly.

Albus , White Water Lilly.

Luteus , Yellow Water Lilly.

Digitalis bortenjis , Damafohium , Fox Glove Gar-
den.

Sylvejlris , Purpura vulgaris , Our

Common or Field Fox-Glove.

Diliy l fat is , Glaflum fativumy Woad.

Sy he fire , agria , Wild Woad.

Dionyfic , Hcderay Ivy.

Diofpyron , Milium folis , Lithofpermumy Grom-
well.

Majusy Greater Gromwell.

Minus , Leffer Gromwell.

Repens , Creeping Gromwell.

DipcadfMufca ri jBulbus Vomit orius : Masked Great
Flower Jacinth.

Botroides Mo feat us luteusy Y’ellow,

Hyacinthus mofebatus grifausy Afh -colored.
DipfacHs bortenjis. Fullers Tealle.

Sylvejlris, Wild Teafle,

DiJlichoni

Index Latinus.

Difticbon , Hordeum , Polyftichon , Barley.

Agrefit , Wild Barley.

Spurium Murinum , Way orWall Barley.

Docbon , Panicum , Panick.

Indicum , Indian Panick.

Doronicum , Wolfs-bane Antidote.

Ro/nanum vulgar e, «Comraon Roman Wolfs-
bane.

Minus, Leffer Wolfs-bane Antidote.

Bracbiata radice , Scorpion Rooted.

Draba , Arabis , Nafturtium Orientate , Arabian or
Turkey Muftard.

Repens , Creeping Arabian Muftard.

Dracbontium , Dracunculus , Dragons.

Aquatic um Paluftre , Water Dragons.

Minus, Leffer Dragons.

Draco herba, Dracunculus bortenjis , Tragum vul-
gar e Clufij , Tarragon.

Dracontia , Dracontium rnajus. Dragons.

Minor, Letler Dragons.

Palujlris Aquatic a. Water Dragons.

Dracunculus, idem.

Draco fylveftris, St er nut ament aria , Tarcon, Ptar-
mica , Sneeze-wort.

Drofian cord i, Alcbimilla, Sanicula major , Stella-
ria Mattbioli, Ladies Mantle.

Dr us, Drys, Quercus, An Oak.

Dryopteris, bilix querna vcl quercina. Oak Fern.

Repens, Creeping Oak Fern.

Dry pis Loniceri , Carduus avenarius, * rfr-

^f/77/r — Mofcbatus, Musk or Oat Thiftle.

XWc/j ;W/'x, Glycyrrbiza, Liquorice.

Hortenfts , Garden Liquorice.

Sylveftris, Wild Liquotice.

Dulciftda, Pdionia, Peony.

ADr, Male Peony.

Ycemina , Female Peony.

Dulcamara, Amara Dulcis, Solatium arborefcens,
Bitter-fweet, Woody Nightlhade.

Durtoa , Datura , Stramonium minus, Dutroa or
Dutorv.

E.

YjBu/us, Chanheaflc, Sambucus bumilis, Dane-

Jl_/ wort, Dwarf-Elder.

Ecbium , Bugloffum Viperinum, Vipers Buglofs.

Elapbobojcum, Paft'ynaca fylveftris , Spbondylium ,
Wild Parfnep.

Hortenfe, Garden Parfnep.

EUagynus Corai, Myrtus Brabantica , Sweet Gaul.

Elatine, Veronica f {emina , Female Speed- well,
Fluellin.

El&ofelinum, Paludapium, Apium, Apium aquati-
cum , Smallage.

Elaterium , Cucumis agreftis vel afninus, Wild Cu-
cumber alfo the Gum, diyed Juice, or
Fcecula of the fame.

Elleborus, Helleborus a1 bus, Vc rat rum album, Hel-
lebor White.

Niger vents. True Black Hellebor.

Not bus, Bears-foot, Ballard black Hellebor.

Niger fylveftris. Wild black Hellebor.

A lb us agreftis. Wild white Hellebor.

Elleboraftrum, Hellebor after , Helleborus noth us,
Ballard Hellebor or Bears-foor.

Elleborine alba agreftis. Wild white Hellebor.

Elentum , Helenium, Enu/a, Enula campana, Ele-
campane, Scab-wort.

Elephant is, Anacardium, Bean of Malaca.

EJiocbryfon , Gnapba/ium aureum. Golden Cud-
weed.

Emblicc t, Myrobolani emblicx , Emblick Myroba-
lans.

Empetrum Tragi, Herniola , Hermann , Millegrana,
Rupture- wort orBurften-wort.

Endivia bortenfts, Endive Garden.

Sylveftris, Wild Endive.

Eneaphyllon, Monopbyl/on, Unifolium, One Blade.
Enula, Enula campana, Helenium, Elecampane or
Scab-wort.

F.pbatium, Ranunculus, Crow-foot.

Epibryon , Dodder of Hops.

Epibaton, Dodder of Brambles.

Epicbamcealfe , Dodder of Dane-wort. 9

Epichamadry, Dodder of Germander.

Epicannubis, Dodder of Hemp.

Epiapbace, Dodder of Tares.

Epabfmtbion , Dodder of Wormwood.

Epidiflamnus, Dodder of Dittany.

Epigenifton, Dodder of Broom.

Eperyngium, Dodder of Eryngo.

Epihyffopus , Dodder of Hyltop.

Epilibanotis , Dodder of HerbFrankincenfe.

Epihnum , Dodder of Flax.

Epimaracon , Dodder of Marjoram.

Epimarum, Dodder of Herb Maltich.

Epipo/ium , Dodder of Polimountain.

Epifttebe, Dodder of Knapweed.

Epititbymalus, Dodder of Spurge.

Epitbymbra , Dodder of Savory.

Epitbymum, Dodder of Thyme.

Ep-iurtica, Dodder of Nettles.

Epimetrum, Barren- wort.

Epimedium, idem.

Epipetfren, idem.

Equapium, Hippofelinum, Smyrnium vulgare, A-
lexanders, Horfe Parlly.

Equifetum pratenfe, Hippuris pratenfis, Horfc-tuil
Medow, Shave- grafs.

Nudum, Hippuris nuda , Naked Horfe-tail.
Palujlre , Hippuris vel Cauda equina aquatica ,
Sanguinalis, Marfti Horfe-tail, Shave-
grafs.

Erantbemum, bios Adonis , Adonis Flower, Wind*
flower.

Elore rubro. Red Flowered.
b'lore luteo. Yellow Flowered.

Erebintbus, Cicer, Chiches, Chich Peafe.

Arietinus, Black Chiches.

Erica , Tetralix veterum, Sifera varronis. Heath *
that of Jericho is called Rofa Maria.
Ericoides, Eupbrafia lutea. Yellow Eye-bright.

Lignofa, pratenfis rubra. Woody

Eye-bright.

Erigerum, Senecio, Groundfel.

Tomentofum, Senecio Tragi, Cotton Ground-
fel.

Erinus Caprificus , Wild Fig Tree.

Ervangina , Cauda Leonis, Lcimodoron , Orobancbe,
Broom Rape.

Eruca fativa, Rocket Garden.

Rom ana, Erucula major , fativa alba , Roman.
Aquatica , Water Rocket.

Sylveftris, Wild Rocket.

Sylveftris notba, Ballard Wild Rocker.
Ervilia Dodonxi , Ocbrus , Winged Wild Peafe.
Eruurn, Vicia amara, Orobus, Bitter Vetch orOro-
bus.

Sylveftre, Catenance Gefneri , Wild Bitter
Vetch.

Sylvarum Sylv aliens, Ne morale,'

Woody Orobus.

Eruurn rubens Jylveftre, Orobus rubens graminet/s,
Catenance, Crimfon Grafs Vetch.
Eryngium, Centum capita , Sea Holly, Eryngo.
Eryngium trifolium. Trefoil Thiftle, Trefoil Eryn-

go-

Eryftmum, brio Plinij , Sinapi alterum •■■■■ ■ Syl-
veftre, Hedge Muftard.

Vcrum, The true Hedge Muftard.

F-ryfi-

Vw

Index Latinus,

Eryfimum Tkeophrafli , Tragopogon. , Barba Hirci ,
Goats-beard, Noon-flower.

Erytbrodanum , Rubia tintforum , Dying Madder.
Efula, Efula minor , Ezuia , Rityufa , Small Gar-
den Spurge.

Eupatorium Mefues , Ageratum , Maudlin.
Eupatorium , Agrimonia , Agrimony.

Aquaticum , Water Agrimony.

A othum, Agrimonoid.es , Baftard Agrimony.
j Euphorbium, The Gum Euphorbium.

Euphragia , Eye-bright.

Euphrafia , idem.

Lignofa prate njis rubra , Woody Eye-

bright.

Euphroflne , Bug/ojfum , Buglofs.

Sylveflris , Sylvejire , Lingula bubula , Wild
Buglofs-

Marina , Limonium , Sea Buglofs.

Muralis , Lycopfls , Wall Buglofs.

Viper ina, Echium , Vipers Buglofs.

Exupera , Verbena, Verbenaca , Vervain.

Ezu/ut Efula , Small Garden Spurge.

F.

Fffta hortenfis , Bean Garden.

Coccina , Rhajeolus coccinus , Scarlet Bean.
Minor , — Equina, . — Agria, Field Bean.
Hortenfis minor , Smilax hortenfis, Phafco-
lus. Kidney Bean.

Raba veterum vel Greecorum , Black Bean.

Eabaria, Crajjula, Tclepbium, Orpine,or Live-long.
fagopyrum, Eagotriticum, Erumentum Sarafenicum,
Tragopyrum , Tragotriticum, Buck Wheat.
Beech Tree.

Earanum, Tufftlago, ColtS-foot.

Earfara, idem.

Faragium, idem.

F arfarus, Populus alba, White Poplar.

Earfrugum, Caltbd palujlris , Marfh Marigold.
Farrago, Secalc, Rie.

Far, Spelt a, Zea, Triticum Grifeum, C//7£-

ariflis munitum. Spelt j our Gray Wheat.
Fafeolus, Rbafeolus, Smilax hortenfis , Kidney Bean.
Fafclus hortenfis, Faba, Bean Garden.

Equinus , ■ minor. Field or Horfe Bean.

Febrifuga , Matricaria, Tartbenium , Feverfew,
Fetherfew.

Sylveflris agreflis , Wild Feverfew.

Fegopyrum, Tragopyrum, Tragotriticum, Ocymum
Ccrcale t Buck Wheat.

F/?/ terr£, Centaurium minus, LefTer Centory.
Rcraria, Eupatoria, Agrimonia, Agrimony.

Notha, Agrimonoides, Baftard Agrimony.
Ferulacoli, Thapjia, Great Scorching Fennel.

Ferrum Equinum, Solea Equina, Horfe- ftiooe Vetch.
Ferula , Fennel Giant.

Ferulago, Ferula minor , Small Fennel Giant.

Ferula Galbanifera, Ferula yielding Galbanum.

Sagapenifera, Ferula yielding Sagapenum.

F efluca, Bromos flerilis, AEgilops, Wild Oats.
Fefluca Italic a, Haver-grafs.

Ficaria , Chelidonium minus, Scrcphularia, Pile-
wort, called alfo theLelfer Celandine.
F/V/zr, A Fig, alfo a Fig Tree.

humilis , Cham£flcus, Dwarf Fig Tree.

Rilago, Tomentum, Centuncularis, GnaphaHum, Cud-
weed.

A urea, — aureum. Golden Cud- weed.

Marina, Sea Cud-weed.

Impia,' minor, Wicked Herb or Cud weed.

Argentea, ■ Americana , Silver Cud-

weed or American.

F ilipendula, Oenanthe, Drop-wort.

Aquatica , Water Drop-wort.

Anguflifolia, Apij foliis , Narrow Leav’d.
Cicutt facie , Hemlock like Drop-wort.

Ei lieu la. Polypodium, Polypody.

iftercina. Polypody of the Oak.

Marina, Polypody of the Wall.

Terrea, Ground Polypody.

P/'/A/x ante Pat re m, Colckicum, Meadow Saffron.
Filix mar, Blethr on, Rteris, Fern Male.

Foemina, Nymphaopteris , Female Fern, Brake.
Quercina, Oak Fern.

-d/ta, Dryopteris , White Oak Fern.
Filicaftrum , Ofmunda regalis, Filix aquatica , Wa-
ter Fern, Ofmund Royal.

Filix flori da, Filix palujlris, idem.

Fifiularia, Pedicularis, Crifla Gal/i, Cocks-comb,
Coxcomb, Loufe-wort, Yellow Rattle.
Flammula, Ranunculus famine us, Spear- wort.

Flam mu la flfovis, Clematis urens. Virgins Bower.

Surreffa, Upright Virgins Bower.

F/<?j Adonis , Eranthemum , Adonis Flower.

Rubra, Red Flowered Adonis.

F/W /«/«?, Yellow Flower’d Adonis.

Flos Affricamu , Caltba African a, Flos In die us,
African Marigold, French Marigold.

Flos anibervahs, Amarella Gefneri, Rolygala re -
centiorum. Milk-wort Common.
Maritimus, Glaux, Sea Milk-wort.

Flos Cardinalis, Trachclium Americanum, Cardinal
Flower.

Flos Cruets Gefneri , Rolygala, Mi lk- wort.

Flos folis , Corona foils, Sol Indianus, Chryfanthe-
mum Reruanum, Sun Flower.

Alajor , maximus Peruvianus, *The great
Sun Flower.

Minor, Chryfanthemum Peruvian urn minus ,
The fmaller Peru Sun Flower.

Flos Cuculi, Cardamine , Cuckow Flower, Ladies
Smocks.

Flos Frumenti, Cyanus , Blew Bottle, Corn Flower.

Multifloras , Double Flowered.

Flos Meleagris, Eritillaria, Checquer’d Daffodil.
Flos Regius, Confolida Regalis, Delphi n urn , Flos
Calcaris, Larks Spur, Larks Heel, Knights
Spur.

Fluida GaZ£, Rhus, Sumach.

Fccnum Gracum, Siliqua ColumelU, Corphos Plinij,
Silicula Varronis, Fenugreek.

Fatnum Burgundicum 3 Medica legitima , Trifolium
Cochleatum , Medick Fodder, St. Foin, Snail-
Claver.

Foeniculum , Marathrum , Common Fennel.
Giganteum, Ferula, Fennel Giant.

Porcinus , Pencedanum, Hogs Fennel, Sul-
phur-wort.

Folium Indum, Indian Leaf
Fontalis, Rotamogeiton, Pond-weed.

Frag aria, Fraga , Strawberry.

Alba, hortenfis , White Strawberry.

Rubra, Nemoralis , Red or Wood

Strawberry.

Fruxinella , Rfcudoditfamnus , Baftard Dittany ,
Fraxinel.

Fraxinus malia , Afli Tree* its Keys are called Lin-
gua Avis.

Sylvejire, Ornus , Wild Afh, or Quicken
Tree.

Frangula, Alms nigra, Avornus, Black Alder.
Eritillaria , Li Hum variegatum , Flos Meleagris,
Checquer’d Daffodil, Fritiilary. ’
Frumenium, Far, Spelta , Zea, Our Gray Wheat
or Spelt Corn ; alfo a Pultage, called Eru-
mety.

Fucus, Fuchs marinas , Sea Wrack.

Fuchs herb a, Anchufa, Alkanet.-
Ruga Dtmonum, Perforata , Sol terreflris Paracelfl
Hypericum, Johns-wort.

Fuligo, Soot.

^ F Fumaria,

Index Latinus.

f umaria, Capnos Plistij, Fumitory.

Bulb of a , Radix Cava, Cory dalis , Hollow
Root.

F 'umus T errs, idem- ,

Hindus, Spongioht, Mufhroom, Toad-ltool.
f; ungus Sambuc 'tnus, Auricula Jude, Jews Ears.
fungus Lariats, Agaricum , Agarick ; a Mufhroom
of the Larch Tree.

Vufus, AtraBylis , Wild Baftatd Saffron.

G.

G Manga, Cypcrus, Juncus quairatus, Afpala-
thum , Galingal.

Galbanum gummi, Gum Galbanum.

Galtga, R.tta Capraria, Goats Rue.

Gallu arbor, Nut-Gall Tree.

Galeopfts, Urtica iners fxtida, Lamtum / tcUium,
Stinking Dead Nettle.

Gallilricum, Horminum , Sc/arca , Garden Clary.
Sylveftre. , Oculus Cbrifh, Wild Clary.

Garofmos, Atrip/ex olida. , ftvtida. Sinking

Arach.

Gariopbyllata , Caryopbyllata, Avens.

Gariophyllus, Caryophyllus bortenfts, Clove Gilli-
flower.

Iniicus, Clove, the Spice.

Geminalis , Horminum, Gallitncum, Centrum Gallt,
Sc/area, Garden Clary.

Sylvepris, Oculus Cbrifti, Wild Clary.

Genicu/aris„ Lychnis fativa, bortenfts. Gar-

den Campion.

Sylvejiris multiflora, Batchelors Buttons.

GemHa, Spartum, Broom.

Genijta Jpinofa, Geniftella fpinofa, Furze Bufh,
Petty Whyn.

Geni/he Rapuns, Broom Rape. .

Geniftella, Genijta undone, Geniftella injeuona,
Bafe Broom, Dyers Green Weed.

Getfeminum lndicum, Mirabi/ia Peruana, Admt-
rabilis Peruviana, Peru Flower, Marvel oi
Peru.

Gcnicularis, Pbu magnum, Valeriana magna vel
bortenfts. Great Garden Valerian.

Genecanlhe, Bryonia nigra, Sigillum fantlx maria,
Vttis nigra , Black Bryony.

Genitura , Ancthum, Anetum, Dill.

Gentiana major , Greater Gentian orFell-wort.

Minor, Gentianella, Small Gentian.

Minor Cruciate, Cruciate, Crofs-wort

Gentian.

Autumnalis, Gentianella autumnalis , Pneu-
monantbe. Small Autumn Gentian, Au-
tumn Bell-Rower or Calathian Violet.

Gentianella, Gentiana notba, Ballard Gentian.

Gcrontopagon , Pragopogon, Barba Hirci, Goats
Beard.

Geranium , Roftrum Gruinum , Gruis vel Ciconite,
Gruinalis, Cranes-Bill.

Mofcbatum, Musked Cranes-bill.

Columbinum, Doves-fodt.

Batrachioidcs, Crow-foot Cranes-bill.

Gcum , Caryopbyllata , Avens.

Gingidium, Bifacuta , Tooth-pick Chervil.

Gitb, Melantbium , Kigella, Fennel Flower.

Romanurn vel Romana , Katherine Flower.
Gitbago, Lychnis fegetum , Pfeudomclantbium , Ni-
gelaftrum, Cockle or Corn Wild Campion.
Gladiolus , Gladiolus fegetatis , Vidoralis rotundas.
Corn Flag.

Aquaticus, lutcus , Water Flag, Skeg.

Gians Perm, Agriocajlanum, Bulbocaftanum, N. u-
cula terrejlris. Ground Nur, Earth Nut.
Glaftum fativum, If alts fativa. Garden Woad.
Sylvejire, IJatis ogria, Wild Woad.

G/ans fardtana , Ca/ianea, Cheft-Nut.

Gians ungudnt aria. The Nut Ben.

Glaucium, Ponntin amoris. Apples of Love.

Glaux , Aft regains , PolygaU genus. Milk Tare or
Vecch.

Glechon, P ulegium, Penny-Royal.

Glypicron, Dulcamara, Amara Aulcis, So/anum Ar-
borefcensfi'ma-Cvtttct, Woody Nightfhade.
Glycyrrhiza bortenfts. Liquor itia. Garden Liquo-
rice.

Sylvejiris , Wild Liquorice.

! Glycijjida, DulciJJida, Paonia, Peony.

Mas, Male Peony.

Exmina, Female Peony. 0

Gnapbalium, Centunculus, Pomentitia, Coltonaria,
Cudweed.

lmpium minus , Wicked Herb or Cud-

w>eed.

Marinum , Eliebryfum fylveflre , Sea Cud-
weed.

Aureum, Eliochryfon , Golden Cud-weed.

Americanum, — - — argenteum femper-

vwunt, Argyrocome, American Cud-weed,
Silver Cud-weed.

Gordilion, Pordi/ium, Sefeli Cretenfe, Candy Harr-
worr.

Gofflpium , Xyhtm, Cotum, Bombax, Cotton-Plant.
Gramen , Agrojiis, Grafs.

Alopecuros, Fox tail Grafs.

Arvorum , Bent Grafs.

Avenaceum, Oat Grafs.

Arundinaceum, Reed Grafs.

Argenteum, Silver Grafs.

Aquaticum , Water Graft.

Bromoides, Hairy Oat Graft.

Bufonum, Toad Grafs.

Bombycinum, Woolly Grafs.

Crifatum, Cocks Comb or Crefted.
Cyperoides, Cyperus Grafs.

Caninum, Dogs Graft, Quitch Graft.

Cauda Vulpis, Fox-tail Grafs.

Catamogroftis, Reed Graft.

Dafiyhides, Cocks- loot Grafs.

Echinatum, Hedge-Hog Graft.

Piliceant, Fern Grafs.

Ecftuca, Haver Grafs.

Geniculatum, Knee’d or Jointed Grafs.
Hirfittum, Hairy Grafs.

Hirftttum Xemora/e, Hairy Wood Grafs.
Holoftium , Stitch-wort, alfo Sea Thrift.
Jfchamon, Cocks-foot Graft.

Junceum , Rufh Grafs.

Junccum parvum. Toad Graft.

Lanatum, Woolly Graft.

Leucanthemum, Stitch-wort Grafs.
Murorum, Capons Tail.

Montanum, Mountain Grafs.

Miliaceum, Millet Graft.

Miliare, idem.

Melinoides, Panick Grafs.

Marinum, Sea Grafs.

Maritimum, idem.

Muriale, Wall Graft.

Nanum, Dwarf Graft.

Kemorale, Wood Graft.

JCemorofum, idem.

Oculus Caprinus, Haver Graft.

Phalaris, Canary Grafs.

Phalaroidcs , idem.

Pbxniceum , Darnel Graft.

Pkxnix Graminea, idem.

Pumilum, Dwarf Graft.

P lumofum. Feather Grafs.

Plumarium , idem.

Polyarssbum , Fern Grafs.

Pratenfe,

Index Latinus,

Pratcnfc, Meadow Grafs.

Paniculatum , Mountain Grafs.

Paniceum , Panick Grals.

ScopuU ?, Bent Grafs.

. Segctum , Corn or Wheat Grafs.

Schcenogroftis , Rufh Grafs.

Spicatum , Spiked or Eared Grafs.

S pic at is foliis, Spiked Leav’d.

Statice, Sea Thrift.

Semitalc , Way or Wall Grafs.

Typbinum , Cats- tail Grafs.
lriticeum , Wheat Grafs.

T omentofum, Cotton Grifs.

Tomentarium , idem.

Tremulum , Quaking Grafs.

Gratia Paradifi , Cardamom um majus , Grains of
Paradife.

Gratiola communis , Common Hedge HyfTop.

Tira, Trae Hedge Hyffop.

Latifolia , Broad Leav’d Hedge Hyffop.

Graminca , Grafs Hedge Hyffop.

Groffularia , Uu<z crifpa , Goofeberry.

Grojjularia ultra marina , Ribcs, Currants.

Grofft, Pic us aridi , Dry Figs. .

Gruinalis , Geranium , Roftrum Gruinum , Gruis
aut Ciconie , Cranes- Bill.

Guajacum , Lignum Vitce , Pock-wood.

Gummi Amoniacum , The Gum Amoniacum.

Gummi Animat, Gum Anima.

Gummi Arabicum , Gum Arabick.

G/*ww/' G/w/, The Gum Copal, A Refolutive.

Elcmi , The Gum Elemni ; an admirable
Vulnerary.

Gummi Cambogia , Cambogie or Cambogium.

G«//<2 Gamandat or Gemoit , idem.

HAlicacabum , Alkakengi , Solatium Pfaftcarium, 1
Winter Cherry.

Americanum , Carolina Winter Cherry.
Halicacabum percgrinum, Pifum Cor datum. Heart
Peafe.

Halimus, Portulaca Marina , Sea Purflain.

Harmala , Rut a Sylveftris, Rut a Syriaca, W ild Rue.
liar ali a. Cucurbit a. Gourd.

Harbatum , Pcucedanum , Pceniculum Porcinum ,
Hogs Fennnel, Sulphur Wort.
Harenaria, Cornu Cervi vel Cervinum, Bucks-horn.
Hafce, Thymus, Thyme.

Haftula regia, Afphodelus alb its. White Alphodel.
Harundo, Arundo, Reed or Cane.

Haronigi, Doronicum, Woolfs-bane Antidote.
Hebifcus, Althea minor, Leffer Marfh Mallow.
llcdera arborea. Ivy Tree or Wall.

T erreftris, Ground Ivy, Ale- hoof.

Hederula aquatica, Hedera aquatica, Ranunculus
Uederaceus, Water Ivy, Water Starwort.
Hedera fpinofa , Smilax afpera , Prickly Bind-weed
Hedypnonis, Cichoreum luteum. Yellow Succory.
Hedyforum , Hony Suckle.

Hedyofmus, Mentha, Mint.

Sylveftris , Mentaftrum, Wild Mint.
Equinus, Sifymbrium Sylveftre, Horfe Mint.
Aquaticus, Sifymbrium, Water Mint.

He lice, Hedera helix. Barren Ivy.

Helenium , Enula, Enula campana. Elecampane.
Helianthemum, Flos Solis Anglic us, Flnglifh Yellow
Ciftis, or Sun Flower.

Heliochryfum , Gnaphalium aureum. Golden Cud-
weed.

Heliotropium, Turn -foie.

Hdleborus niger, Elleborus , Ve rat rum nigrum,
Hellebor Black.

Nothus, Bears-foot.

Niger Sylveftris, Wild Black Hellebor.

Alb us, Veratrum album. White Hellebor.

Helleborine, Wild White Hellebor.

Helleborine nigra. Wild Black Hellebor.

■d/fc? agreftis. Wild White Hellebor.
Hejleboraftrum, Wild Black Hellebor.

Hellebor after, Baftard Black Hellebor, Bears-foot.
Heliopus, Heliotropium, Turn- foie.

Hemerocallis Cluftj, Martagon, Lilt ago, Liliaft rum,
Lilium non Bulbofum, The Day Lilly”

Heman, Serpillum, Wild Thyme.

Hemonitis , Phy/litis, Lingua Cervina, Moon Fern,

, Harts Tongue.

Hepatica vulgaris. Lichen major, Jccoraria , Liver-
wort Common or Greater.

Minor , Liver-wort Lelfer.

Nobilis, Trifolia nobilis, Herb Trinity.

Arborea, P ul monaria J ungofa. Wood Liver-
wort, Oak’ Lungs.

Helxine, Parietaria , Pellitory of the Wall.

Herb a Anthonij, Lent i liana Rondoletij , Lead- wort.
herb a Benedict a, Caryophylhta, Avens.

Herb a Bifhngua, Horfe Tongue.

Herba Cafta, Peonia, Peony.

Herb a Catti, Alentha Cat aria, Nep or Cat Mint.
Herba Cauftica, Ranunculus, Crow-foot.

Herba Cancri, Hclitr opium. Turn- foie.

Herba Coxendicum, Cotyledon, 4-ctabu ’um. Penny wort.
Herba Clave Hat a,. Viola Tricolor , Hearts Eafe.

Herba Doria , Doria’s or Chiron’s Wound-wort.
Herba Dineotilia, Confolida Regalis, Larks- fpur.
Herba fortis,SolidagoSarafenica , Confound.

Herba Gerardi , Podagraria , Gout- wort.

Herba Gallica, Gallega, Rut a Capraria, Goats Rue.
Herba HippogloJJum, Horfe Tongue the Herb.

Herba humilis. Humble Plant.

Herba Hungarica Dodonei, Alee a. Vervain Mallow.
Herba Jacobi, Jacobea, Rag- wort, James- wort.
Herba impaticns,T erficaria filiquofa. Wild Mercury.
Herba. impia, Fi/ago, Gnaphalium impium. Wicked
Herb, Wicked Cud- weed.

Herba impetiginaria, Chelidonium majus. Celandine.
Herba Jovis Barba, Our Common Houfleek.

Herba Leo,Antirrhinum, Snap Dragon, Calves-Snout.
Herba Lucis, Chelidonium majus. Celandine.

Herba LaUaria, Sea Spurge.

Herba Lajjulata, Baljamita major % Coftus hortenfis f
Coftmary.

Herba Lotus, Trefoil Peafe.

Herba Lutea, Wold, Weld, Dyers Weed.

Herba minofi , fenfibilis, -The Senfible Plant.

Herba Mur ali s, Pellitory of the Wall.

Herba Paris, Triphyllos, True Love, one Berry.
Herba Par alyfis major, Cowflip.

Herba Paralyjis minor, Primrofe.

Herba Pinnula , H yofeyamus. Henbane.

Herba rutinalis, Sphondilium, Cow Parfnep.

Herba ftella, Corovopus, Bucks-horn.

Herbafacra, Tabaceum, Pel um, Ni cot tana. Tobacco.
Herba Scythica , G/ycyrrhiza, Liquorice-
Herba federate. Ranunculus, Crow-foot.

Herba far do. Ranunculus aquaticus. Water Crow-
foot.

Herba finaconis. Alee a. Vervain Mallow.

Herba Tunica, Caryuphyllus Hortenfis-t Clove Gil-
liflower.

Herba Turca, Her ni aria. Rupture-wort.

Herba Viva, Herb ot Lite.

Herba Venti , Anemone, Anemony, Wind- flower.
Herba Vulcan i , Ranunculus, Crow-foot.

Herba Ulcer aria, idem.

Herba Urbana , Acanthus , Branca Urfma > Bears
Breech.

Herbena, Verbena, Hercularia, Matricdlis, Vervain.
Herculana , Verbena, Verbenaca , idem.

Hermodafly/us , The Hermodaft. Some Authors
will have it to be a Kind of Colchicum but
8 F 2 if

Index Latinus.

if it is, it is a Kind unknown to us. The

Colchicum Her modally lum , is not the True

Wermoiatfylus , yet by fome is ufed for ir.

H c mi aria, Uerniola , Millegrana , H erba Tuna ,
Rupture-wort.

H erpacanthe , Acanthus fativus , Branca Ur fin a ,
Bears-Breech.

U if per is, Viola Matronal Is, H yemalis

Uamafcena, Single Dames Violets

H ef peris fiore pie no pur pur ante. Double Purple
Dames Violets.

Uieracium, Accipiter , Accipitrina, Porceltia Gazx,
Hawk weed.

Rarum • incommune, Rare or uncom-

mon Hawk-weed.

Uippago, H ippia, Alfine, Chickweed.

Aquatica , Water Chickweed.

A lotha, Ballard Chickweed.

Wppolapathum folij rotundis, Ballard Rheubarb.

H ippofelinum , Smyrnium vulgare, Equapium , A-
lexander, Horfe Parfly.

Creticum, Cretick or Candy Alexander.

H ippofelinon, Olufatrum, idem.

UippogloJJum, Bonifacia,Bifingua, Horfe Tongue Bay.

H ippuris, Equifetum, Cauda Equina, Afprclla, E-
phcdra , Horfe Tail, Shave-grafs.

Paluftris, Marfh or Water.

Nadu, Naked Horfe-tail.

Rratenfis, Meadow Horfe-tail.

Uir cuius veter um Clufij, A Kind of Cel tick Nard.

H irundinaria, Chclidonium majus, Celandine.

H ifpidula, Uedcra terreffris , Pes Cati, Corona
Terr Chamxciffus, Ale-hoof, Ground Ivy.

Terrejir is, Uedcra terrejir is communis. Com-
mon Alehoof.

Minor , Small Ale-hoof.

Montana, Mountain Ale-hoof.

Saxatilis, Stone or Rock Ale-hoof.

H iucca, Tucca, CaJJavi or Cazavi , Indian Bread.

Vera, Cazavi, Mandiocha , True Yucca.

H etich amcricanum. Potato- like Yucca.

Polijs Aloes, Suppofitious, or Aloe Leav’d
Yucca.

H olofcbcenos, Great Bull Rufh.

H olojiium, Gramen Lcucanthemum , Stitch-wort.

H olojieum pctreum, Eilix faxatilis , Rock Fern.

H olojieum angujiifolium , Plant ago Marina , Sea
Plantain, alfo Sea Thrift.

H olofteum Tonic eri, Moufe Tail.

H ordeitm, Commune , fativum Crithe, Dijiicbon ,

Polyjiichon, Barley.

Agrefle, Wild Barley.

Spurium, murinumJNay or Wall Barley.

Uorminum Uortcnfe , Sclarea , Gallitricum, Gemi-
nalis. Clary.

Sylvejirc , Oculus Chrijii, Wild Clary.

H orminum tridantinum, luteum, Colus Jovis,

Jupiters Diftaff, Garden Clary.

H uniure, Urtica , Nettle.

Romana , Uortenfis, Roman Nettle.

Acuta , — — minor. Small Stinging Nettle.

H yacinthus. Jacinth.

Americanus , American Jacinth.

Orientalise Oriental Jacinth.

Botroides, Grape-flower'd Jacinth.

H ydropiper, Perficaria acris, Perficaria non macu-
lata, Arfmart Biting.

Wydrofehnum , Paludapium , Apium aquaticum ,
Smallage.

H ypecoum, Cuminum Sylvejirc, Wild Cumin.

Uypcricum , Perforata, Johns Wort.

H ypochceris, Porcellia, Uyoferis , Uieracium afpe~
rum j Swines Hawkweed, or Succory.

Uyo/eris, Uieracium minimum Clufi, idem.

Uypocifiis , The Juice of C ill us or Holy Rofe alfo
the Exciefcence or Rape.

H ypogefon. Bar ha Jovis , Sedum majus, -Sempervi-
vum majus, The Great Houfleek.
Uyofcyamus vulgaris niger , Henbane Com-

mon or Black.

Alb us. White Henbane.

Uyophthalmon , After Atticus, Greek Star-wort.
Uyofcyamus Peruvianus, Pctum, Nicotian a , To-
bacco.

Anglicus, Englifh.

Virginianus, Virginian.

Uif panic us, Spanifh Tobacco.

Uyjfopus — Uyjfopum, Hyffop.

Incelihris , ■ injreqUens, Rare or Strange

Hyffop.

Sylvejins, Gratiola vera. True Fledge Hyffop.
Sylveliris not has , Gratiola not ha, Ballard
Hedge Hyffop.

/.

JAcea nigra , Materfillon, Black Knap weed, Mat-
fellon.

Argentea , Sube notba vcl fpuria, Silver
Knap-weed.

Jacobcea, Plos Jacobi, Herba Jacobi, Jacolaa Sene-
tio Lobelij , James Wort, Rag- wort.
Marina, Cineraria DodonA , Sea Rag- wort.
Jalappa, Jalap, an American Species of Bryony.
Jaf minion, Jefeminum , Gejjeminum, Jeflamy, Gef-
famy.

Jafione, Campanula magna, Bell-flower Great.

Minor parva. Bell-flower Small.

Jar us, Arum , Penis Sacerdotis, Wake Robin,
Cuckow-pint.

Maculatus um. Spotted Wake Robin.

Non maculatus, um , not Spotted.

Cuckllatus um, Arifarum, Hooded

Wake Robin or Fryers Cowl.

Iberis, Lepidium, Piper it is, Dittander.

Monfpeliaca, Plamula Gefneri , Dentillaria
Lobelij, French Dittander, Scar- wort.
Ibiga, Abiga , Iva artbritica, Chamapitys, Ground
Pine, Gout Ivy.

Maritima , Anthyllis herbaricrum , Sea
Ground Pine.

lb feus , Altbcea , Malva Palujlris , — — aquatica,
Marfh Mallow.

lllecebra minor acris , Vermicularis , • Stone Crop
Biting, Wall Pepper.

Infipida, Stone Crop not Biting.

Ilex, The Holm Oak.

Imperitoria , Affront ia. Mailer- wort.
lmpatiens herba Dodoncei , Noli me tangcrc, Perfi-
caria filiquofa, Wild Mercury called Quick
in hand-, Codded Arfmart, alfo Shrinking
Shrub.

Imperatrix , Atbumanticum , Anethum Sylvejirc ,
Meum antiquorum , Meum, Spignel.

Indico , Ettcula Glajli Indici , The Fcecula or Settlings
of the Indian Woad or Giaftum.
lnguinalis,Bubonium,Afier atticus , Greek Starwort.
Inula, Uelenium, Enula, Enula campana. Ele-
campane.

Inturis, Capparis, Capers.

Intybus , Cichorium, Succory.

Sylveftris, Wild Succory.

Ion, Viola , Violet.

Uortenfis, Garden Violet.

Sylveftris , Wild Violet.

Nemoralis , Wild, Jagged or Carolinian
Violet.

Jovis arbor , Sjuercus, The Oak.

Jovis barba herba, Scmpervivum majus vulgare ,
Our common Houfleek.

Jovis,

Index Latinus.

Jovps Faba , Hyofcyamw, Henbane.

Alba, White Henbane.

Nigra, Black Henbane.

Jovis bios, Dios Anthos , Lychnis coronaria fitiva.
Campions, or Role Campions.

Sy/vejlrts , Wild Campion.

Urge turn. Corn Campion.

Iphium Theophrafi , Pctaftes , Butter Bur.

Z/vx Bulbofa , Bulbous Flower-de-luce.

Tuberofo , Tuberous Flower-de-luce.
Tuberofa florentina , Florentine Orrice.
Tuberofa Latifolia , Yellow Flower-de-luce,
Water Flower-de-luce, Skeg.

Iris humilis , Chamairis, Dwarf Flower-de luce.
Major, Greater Dwarl Flower-de-luce.
Minor, Smaller Dwarf Flower-de-luce.
Angujli folia, Narrow Leav’d Dwarf Flower-
de-luce.

Iris bulbous anguftifolia major , Greater narrow
Leav’d Iris, or Flower-de-luce.

Angufijolia minor , The Lc-lfer narrow Leav’d
Iris.

agrefis , Spathula fvtida , Gladium fxtidum ,
Wild E lower-de-luce. Stinking Gladwin.
J/itf/Y, G Lift urn , Woad.
lfcbtemon vulgar c , Cocks- foot Grafs.
j/£vz, Salix, Willow.

Iv a arthritic a, Abiga, Ibiga, Cbanuepitys , Ground
Pine.

Jyiz mofcbata, idem.

foz:z77, Lucca, Caffavi , Cazavi , Indian Bread.

Jug u Ians, Nux jugulans , Wall- Nut.

Jujube , Zizypha , Jujuba , Ziz/phus , Jujubes.
Juncus, Scirpus, Schcenos , Rufh.

Acutus vulgar ior, Qxyfcktnos , Common
fmall hard Rufh.

Grandis , Holofchcenos, Great Bull Rufh.
T.fu/j- mr/wr, Small Bull Rufh.

Aquaticus , Common Water Rufh.

Juncus odor at us rotundas, Scheenantbum , Camels
Hay.

Nothus , Not humt Ballard Camels Hay.
Juniperus, Juniper.

Jufquiamus , Hyofcyamus, Fabafuilla, Henbane.
A/bus, White Henbane.

Niger, black Henbane.

Junquilias , Junquilcs , Rufh Daffodil.

it

A//, Sahcornia, Salficornia, Glafs-wort, Herb
Kali.

Kebikengi , Ranunculus, Crowfoot.

Keiri, Leucoium luteum. Wall- flower.

Kerfium, Cuminum, Cumin.

Kenne, Ligufjrum , Privet.

Kennes, The Juice Alkermes, from the Berry
Chermes or Kermes.

Kerva, Ricinus , Palma Cbrifti, Great Spurge.
jt-z/Z', Milium folis , Lithofpcrmum, Gromwell.
Kusbor , Conundrum, Coriander.

L.

LAblah, Phafeolus, Kidney Bean.

Labrum Veneris, Dipfacus, Car duns Vene-
ris, Teafle.

F ullonum, The Fullers or Garden Teafle.
Sylvejlre, Wild Teafle.

Laburnum majus, Anagris , The Greater lefs Stink-
ing Treloil, or Bean Trefoil.

Minus , The Letter, which by fome is
thought to be the Colutea of T/w-
phrafius.

Labrufca, Vitis Sy he (iris, Wild Vine.

Pact aria, Tithymalus, Spurge.

Hortenjis, Garden Spurge.

Minor, Efula minor. Small Spurge.
Nemoralis , Tithymalus , Vail arts , Wood
Spurge.

Marina, Herb a Labi aria, Tithymalus para-
llels, Sea Spurge.

Laureola, Daphnoides, Spurge Lawrel.
Laftuca Leporine, Sonchus, Sow Thiftle.

Laffucella t idem.

Laftuca hortenjis , Garden Lettice.

Sylveftris , Wild Lettice.

Subaudica , Savoy Lettice.

Agnina, Lambs Lettice, Corn Sallet.
Ladanum, Labdanum , Gum of the Ciltus Shrub.
Ladanum Segetum , Sideritis arvenfis , Meadow
Iron-wort.

Lagopus, Lagopodium , Pes Leporis, Trifolium bu-
tnile. Trifolium Triticeum, Hares- foot, or
Spiked Trefoil.

Lagopyrus, idem.

Lampatan , China radix , China.

Lamium, Archangelica , Galiopfs, Urtica iners

* mortua. Dead Nettle, Archangel!

Album, White Dead Nettle.

Rubrum , Red Dead Nettle.

Fxtidum, Stinking Dead Nettle.

Lamp Jana, Dock Crefs.

Linaria, Pfcudolinum, Flax-weed, Toad Flax.
Scopiaria , Belom Flax- weed.

Noth a, P Jeudol inaria, Baftard Flax- weed.
Lance a Cbrijli, Ophioglojfum, Lingua ferpentis, Ad-
ders Tongue.

Lanceola, ^uinquencrvia , Plant ago minor , Rib-
wort, and Rib-wort Plantain.

Lantana, Viburnum, Wayfaring Tree.

Lapathum, Rumex , Common Field Dock.

Sanguineum fativum, Bloodwort Dock.
Acutum, Rumex acutus , Sharp-pointed Dock.
Aquaticum , Hydrolapathum, Water Dock.
Merit imum. Sea or Marfh Dock.

Equinum , Hippolapathum fativum , Monks
Rhubarb Dock.

Lappa major, Bardana , Archceon, Profopis, Per-
fonata, Greater Bur-Dock.

Minor, Letter Bur- Dock.

Lapathum unftuofum. Bonus Henricus, Englifh Herb
Mercury.

Lafer pitium, Lafer-wort, the Herb which Yields
Lafer Gummi, The Gum Lafer.

Larix, Larch Tree ; that which as fome fay.
Yields our Common Turpentine.

Lathyrus perennis, Cicerculum perennis , Ervttm —
Sylvejlre , Peafe Everlafting.

Perennis Sylvejlre, Wild Peafe Everlafting,
or Tare Everlafting.

Lathyris , Cataputia minor, Efula, Letter Spurge.
Lavendula , Lavandula, Pfeudonardus, Nardus I-
tahea , Spike, Lavender.

Laudanum, A Medicine eating Pain.

Opiatum, An Opiate Laudanum.

Volatile , Volatile Laudanum.

Specif cum, A Specifick Laudanum.
Catharticum, Cathartick or Purging Lauda-
num.

Laudata nobilium, Veronica, Speed-welh
Laudea veterum , Laurus , Bay Tree.

Laver, Lavacrum, Dipfacus , Teafle.

Laurent ina, Bugula, Confolida media. Bugle.
Laurus, Laurea, Daphne, The Bay Tree.
Laurufinus, The VVild Bay.

Lauroceraffus, The Cherry Bay.

Laurus Alexandrinus, Hippogloffum, Alexandrian
Bay, Horle Tongue Bay.

Laurus Rofea, Oleander , Nerium, Role. Bay.

L~aureol /

5

Index Latinos.

i-aureola , Chamsdaphne , Dapbnoides , Pep Iron ,
Laurel, alfo Laurel Dwarf.

Leffipes , Clinopolium , Wild Balil.

Legume n pallidum , Chickling Peafe.

Lc?/7j, P/w^, Pbacos, Lentils.

Lenticula , idem.

Minna , Sea Lentil.

Lf/2-f palujiris , Ducks-meat.

Lenticula aquaticd , idem.

Lent if cut, Lentisk or Maftich Tree.

Leontopctalcn ,, P^j Leoninus , Brum aria, Lions-
foot, Lions-leaf, Black Turnep.

Lepidium , Iberis , Piper it is, Dittander.

Lcptocaryon , avellana , Filberd.

Sylveftre , Halle Nut.

Leucacantha , Carlina alba. White Flower’d Car-
line Thiftle.

Lcucantbemis, Leucantbemum, Chatntmelum , Cha-
momilla, Camon 1 i 1 .

Leucapiper, Piper album , White Pepper.

Lcucoium luteum, Keiri, Cbciri, Wall-flower.
F/0/r fimplici. Single Wall-flower.

FZw? duplici vel pleno. Double Wall-flower.
Lcvifticum vulgar e, Laferpitium tertium Dodonai ,
Smyrnium b'ucbfij, Our Common Garden
Lovage.

Germanicum, German Lovage.

Ligujium, Libyfticum , Ligufticum, Siler Monta-
num Tragi, Ser montanum , Liguftick or
Ballard Lovage.

Ligufiicum verum, ■ latifolium, commu-

ne, Siler montanum, Sifelios, The true
Liguftick or Buftard Lovage broad Leav’d.
Auftriacum, , anguftifolium, Siler mon-

tanum angufUfolium, Liguftick or Baftard
Lovage narrow Leav’d.

Libanotis, Cervina alba , Herb Frankincenfe.

Lichen, Hcpatica vulgaris vel major , Jecor aria.
Common or Ground Liverwort.

Minor , Hepatica minor , Small Liverwort.
Marin us, Pucits marinus Oft race us, Lalluca
marina. Oilier Green.

Arborea, Pulmonaria fungofa. Wood Liver-
wort ^ and by fome Oak Lungs.

Lignum Vita , Guajacum, Pockwood or Guajacum.
Ltguftrum, Mahaleb , Pbillerea, Privet, Prim-print.

Not bum, Macaleb, Baftard Privet.

Lignum Aloes , Xyloaloes, Wood of Aloes.

Lignum Colubrinum , Snake- wood.

Lignum Juniperinum, Juniper- wood.

Lignum Nepbriticum , Nephritick Wood.

Lignum Rhodium, Afpalatbus , Rofe or Rhodium
Wood.

j^/Vrtfr, Syringa , Lilack, Pipe Shrub.

Lihum, Crinon, Crinonia , Lirion , Lilly.

Album, White Lilly.

Amcricanum, American Lilly.

Wild Lilly.

Anguftifolium , Narrow Leav’d Lilly. _
Byzantinum , — Corona Imperials, Lilly of
Conftantinople.

Conv allium, Lilly Convally, or of theVally.

F loridianum, Floridian -Lilly.

Hemerocallis, Baftard or Day Lilly.
Imperiale, Imperial Lilly.

Luteum, Yellow or Orange Tawny Lilly.
Martagon , Mountain Lilly.

Montanum, idem.

Kotbum, Baftard Lilly.

Nymph tea alba , Nenuphar , Water Lilly
White.

Nympbcea lutea. Water Lilly Yellow.
Perficum, Perfian Lilly.

Rubrum , Red or Orange Tawny Lilly
Rubrum prxcox, Early Red Lilly.

Turcicum, Turky Lilly.

Vernum, Lilly Convally or Spring Lilly.
Variegatum, Fritillary, Checquer’d Lilly.
Liliafpbodelus, Afphodil or Day Lilly.

Lilian arciff us, Tulipa, The Tulip or true Satyrion.
Limudoron 3 Orobancbe , GwLz Leonis , Broom Rape.
Limonium, pi. Limonia, Limon, Limons.

Limoni urn, Bugloffum marinum, Mr rill Buglofs.
Lingua Cervina, Phyllitis , Harts or Deers Tongue.
L acini at a, Fihgred Harts Tongue.

Not ha , Hermionitis , Splenium , Baftard
Harts Tongue, or Mules Fern.

Linaria , •Pfeudolhntm, Flax-weed, Toad flax.

Lati folia , Broad Leav’d.

Scopiaria , It alarum f Befom Flax- weed.
Repens, Pfeudolinum repens. Creeping Flax*
weed.

Notha , PJeudolinaria , Baftard Flax- weed.
Lingua avis , braxini femen, Afh-Keys.

Lingua Bovis, Bugloffum Sylveftre, Ox Tongue.
Lingua Bubula , idem.

Lingua P Ligand, Hippog/ojfum, Rijlingua , Uvularia,
Horfe Tongue the Herb.

Lingua Serpent is, Lancea Cbrifti , Opbiogloffum ,
Adders Tongue.

Lingua Vulneraria , idem.

Linum fitium. Flax Manured.

Sylveftre Wild Flax.

Catbarticum, Purging Flax, Mill Mountain.
Liquiritia, Glycyrrhiza hortenfis. Manured or true
Liquorice.

Sylveftris, Wild Liquorice.

Lirion, Lilium, Crinon, Lilly.

Liriajpbodelus, Liliafpbodelus, Afphodil Lilly.
Lirionarciffus, Ldionarciffus , Tulip,- Satyrion.
Lifen^ Plant ago , Plantain.

Litbofpermum , Milium folis majus, Grom well.

Minus Sylvefter , Ltiler or Wild

GromwelL

Repens, Creeping Gromwell.

Lolium, AEra Plinij, Triticumfituum, Darnel.

Rubrum , Phoenix, Red Darnel.

Loncbitis , Afplcnium, Spleenwort.

Vera, Ceterach, True Spleenwort.

Afpera, Pfeudolonchitis , Rough or Baftard
Spleenwort.

Longina , Loncbitis , Spleenwort.

Lopina, Caftanea, Chellnut.

Lotus arbor. Nettle Tree.

Lotus Herba , Trefoil Peafe.

Luciola, Lingua Serpent is vel Serpentina, Adders
Tongue.

Lunaria Artbritica, Auricula Urft, Sanicula , Bears
Ear, A VVound Worr.

Lutea Plinij , Luteum Vitruvij, Luteola , Herba
Lutea, Pfeudoftrutbium Mattb. Dyers
Weed.

Lujula , Oxys, Trifolium acetofum. Wood Sorrel.
b'lore albo. Wood Sorrel white flowered.
b'lore luteo. Yellow flower’d.

Lunaria minor, Selenilis , Moon-wort.

Lupinus, Lupine, Flat Bean, Fig Bean.

Lupulus, Lupus jaliflarius, Vitis faliflarius , Hops.

Sylveftris, Pcemina , Septcntr:-

onalis. Wild Hops.

Luteola, Lutea, Dyers Weed, Wold, Weld.
Lybica Plinij, Populus, The Poplar.

Lychnis fitiva. Campions Manured.

Segetum, Corn Campions.

Plumana, Feathered Campions.

Sylveftris , Wild Campions.

Hortenfis, multiflora , Batchelors But-

tons.

Cbalcedcnica, Byzantina, Flower of Con-
ftantinople.

Lycium,

Index Latinos.

Lyciitm , Pyxacantha, Spina Buxea , Box Thom.
Lycoperficum , Malum aureum , Pomum amoris ,
Love Apples.

Lycopfis , Echium alt c rum , Wall Ruglofs.
Lyfimachia lutea , Loole-ltrife or Willow-herb.
Spieat a. Spiked Loole-ftrife.

Jpicata , Loofe-ftrife not fpike.d*
S'tliquofa , Loofe-ftrife Codded.

AL

Mace 5 the Spice.

Macrppipper , longum , Long Pepper.

Magopijiana , Sagittaria , Sagitta , Arrow-head.
Mahaleb, Pbyllyret fpccies, Privet, Prim-print.
Macaleb , Ligujlrum notbum , Baftard Privet.

Major ana, Amaracus , Sampfycum, Marjoram.
Hortenftts , Sweet Marjoram.

Lati folia, Pot Marjoram.

Sylvefris , Cumla bitbula , Wild Marjoram.
Hircina , Tragoriganum , Goats Marjoram.
AL/.2 inf ana , Mad Apples.

Malabatbrum , Vo hum Mum , Indian Leaf.
Malacociffus , Hedera terreftris, Ale-hoof.

Malacbe , Malva , Mallow.

Malva communis , Common Mallow.

Pal lift ns, Altbia , Maffh Mallow.

Vcrbenaca , .d/ovz, Vervain Mallow.

Arborea, P<lfea, Althaea Prut ex. Shrub

Mallow.

Arbor efeens, Hollihocks.

Major, Garden Mallow, Hollihock.
Malvavifcum, Malva ibifem, Altbfia, Mar III Mal-
low.

Malum , pi. ALz/tf, An Apple, Apples. .

Malum Amoris , Love Apple.

Malum Armeniacuvh An Apricock.

Malum Adami vel Mufx, Adams Apple.

Malum aureum, Hefpericum , An Orange.

Malum aurantium, idem.

Malunt Caninum, Malum Mandragorce , Mandrake
Apple.

Malum Claudianum , Queen Apple.

Malum Citrium, A Citron.

Malum Cotoneum , A Quince.

Malum Cydonium , idem.

Malum Granatum , Pomgranate.

Malum Hefpericum, An Orange.

Malum infanum. Mad Apple.

Malum Limoni urn, A Limon.

Malum Mori, Mulberry.

Malum Medicum, Citrium, A Citron.

Malum Mefpilum, A Medlar.

Malum Nell are um, A Nectarine.

Malum Perficum, A Peach.

Malum Punicum, A Pomgranate.

Malum Sanguineum, Summer Goldings.

Malum Sylvejire, The Crab Apple.

MalumTcrrit , Round BirthwortRoot.

Malum Terra Porcinum, Sowbread Root.

Malum Turcicum , Great round Citron, Shaddock.
Manibot, Jucca , Lucca, Hiucca, Indian Bread.
Manna, Calabrian or Purging Manna.

Manus Mart Is, Quinjue folium, Cinkfoil.

Mandragora Mas, Male Mandrake.

Pcemina, Female Mandrake.

Matriphyllum, face a nigra , Black Knapweed.

Alar rubi urn, PraJJium, Horehound.

vulgare. Common White Horehound.
Nigrum , Hifpanicum, Black Hore-

hound.

Aquaticum , * Aquatile, Water Horeh.

Notbum Spurium , Stacbys, Wild Horehound.
Mart agon, Li Hum Montanum, Mountain Lilly.

Mar urn, Cly nop odium Diofcorid. Herb Maftigh.
Repens, Creeping Herb Maftich.

Syriacum, Affyrian Herb Maltich.

Alarathrum , Ftvnicu/um, Fennel.

Luke, Sweet Fennel.

Agtefte • -Sy he ft re , hippomarathrum ,

Horfe Fennel, Wild Fennel.

Marinum, Crithmum, Se i Fennel.

Porcinum , Peucedanum, Hog Fennel.

Mar ana, Stramonia* Stramonium, Thorn Apple.

Minor, Datura , Dutery.

Marincll a, Pbu magnum. Great Valerian.
Marmantcs , Pumaria, Fumitory.

Mar more lit , Eupatorium , Agrimonia, Agrimony.
Mafliche, Lcntifcus, Maftich Tree.

Majiiches , Lajerpitium, Lafer-wort.

Matrejillon, Jacea nigra. Common Knapweed.
Matr icalk , Verbena, Verbenaca, Vervain.
Matricaria, Yebrijuga, Feverfew.

Matrifylva , Periclymenum, Woodbind.
Matrjalvia, Sclarea, Horminum, Clary.
Matabalna , Anifum, Anife.

Materfillon, Jacea nigra. Common Knapweed.
Mater Herb arum, Artemifia, Mug wort.
Meconium, Sue cm Papaveris , Expreffed Juice of
Poppies, Meconium.

Mecoacanna, Mechoacan , Bryony of Mexico and
Peru.

1 Me die a. Trifolium Cochlear um, Claver Grafs, Me-
dick Fodder, Sr. Foin.

Melampyrum , Crat&ogonum, Cow Wheat.

( Mclampodium, Helleborus niger. Black Hellehor.

; Melamphyllos, Branca Urftna l avis. Smooth Bears
Breech.

1 Melafpermum , Melantbium , Nigclla, Gith, Ka-
tharine Flower, Roman Nigella.
Melantbium , Nigella Romana, id eta.
j Melanofpermum, Piper nigrum. Black Pepper,
j Meleagris flos , Yritillaria, Checqueted Daffodil,
Fritillary.

j Alelocatta, Melocardum Echinatus, Melon Thiftle
of America.

; Ale lope po, Alelopepon, Melo Mofchatus, Musk
Melon.

! Melijfophyllum, Mcli‘:s, Aieliffa, Citrago, Bawm.
Mi’handrum Plinij, Lychnis Sylvejlris, Wild Cam-
pion.

Mclilotm, Corona Regia, Trifolium odor atum. Mo-
lilote.

Mclicba, So r gum, Turkey Millet.

Melitie, Panicum, Panick, Guinny Corn.

Me line Varronis, Milium, Millet.

Melijfa , Melijfophyllum, Citrago, Melites, Bawm.
A/d’/z?, Pepo hortenfis. Melon or Pompion.

Me me cy l Ion , Eruttrn Arbuti, Berries of the Straw-
berry Tree.

Memitbe , Glaucium , Pomum Amoris, Apples of
Love.

Menianthcs Tbeopbrafli, Trifolium Paludofum, Wa-
ter Trefoil, Buck Bean.

Menogenion, Peonia, Peony.

Mentha fellina. Cat t aria , Nepeta, Nep or Cat
Mint.

Mentha, Cattaria, idem.

Mentha Saracenica , Balfamita major , Mentha
Greeca vel Romana, Coftmary.

. Mentaftrum , Syfimbrium, Sylvejire, Horfe Mint.
Mentaftrum aquaticum. Water Mint, Fen Mint.
Mercurialis Anglica, Bonus Henricus , Englilh Mer-
cury.

Mcrcurialis Gallica, French Mercury.

Canina , Sylveftrisj Cynocrambe, Dogs

Mercury.

Mcrzenim, Majorana , Marjoram.,

Mejpilm, Medlar Tree.

Meum, Athamanticim, Anethiitn fylveflre, Meum
Antiquorum, Spignel.

Men, Meum , idem,

, Mt-zere'on,

Index Latinus.

Mezereon , ChameUa Germanic a, Spurge Olive,
Mezereon.

Militarise Sedum aquaticum minus , Small Water
Sengreen, or Water Soldier.

Milium, Ccncbros , Me line varronis , "Millet.

Milium Johs , Lithofpcrmum majus , The Common
or Greater Grom well.

Minus , Sylvefre, Small or LefTer.

Repens , Creeping Gromwell.

Millefolium , TW/tor/x, Stratiotes , Chyliopbyllus,
Achillea , Yarrow.

Achilleum, Achillean , Achilles or Noble Yar-
row or Wound- wort.

Luteum, Yello.v Yarrow.

Aquaticum , Paludof Wa ter Yarrow.

Fceniculatum , Fennel Leav’d Yarrow.

Millegrana, Herniaria, herniola , Empetron Tragi,
Rupture-wort.

Millemorbia, Scropbularia , Vicuna, Fig-wort.

Minim ulus, A ummulus Plinij , Nummularia , Mo-
ney-wort, Herb Twopence.

Mirabite Peruvianum , Jafnunum Mcxicanum ,
Marvel of Peru.

Molybdena , Dent ill an a. Rondoletij , Plumbago Plinij,
Plinies Lead-wort.

Mollugo , iMw Baftard Madder.

Moliugo vulgatior, Gallium album. White Flow-
er’d Ladies Bed lira w.

A/<y/y, Allium Cepeum , Moly, Onion Garlick.

Mnmordica, Balfamita mas Ef major, Coftmary.

M nopbyllum, \3ni folium , One Blade.

Morelia , Solan um hortenfe, Solatrum , Garden
Nightfhade.

L etbahs, Dwale, Deadly Nightfhade.

Somnifera, Sleepy Nightfhade.

Circita, Inchanters Nightfhade.

Arbor efce ns. Shrubby Nightfhade.

Morion , Antbropomorphos , Grata , M andr agora
mas, Male Mandrake.

Vcemina, Female Mandrake.

Morfus Diaboli, Succifa, Nigina Plinij , Geum an-
tiquorum quorundam , Devils Bit.

Morfus Galling , Alfine Hederacca vel Hederula ,
Hen -bit. Chick weed Ivy Leav’d.

Mcy/tf-r Nymphtta p arva, Nymphia alba mi-

nima, brog-bit.

Morus, Sucaminos, Mulberry Tree.

M«A/ Herba, Ceterach, TrueSpleenwort.

M.y/H radix, Centaurium minus. The LefTer Cen-
tory.

M«/// tod, Petrofelinum , Parfly.

M ufcari, Hyacinthus Botroides Mofchatus, Musked
Grape Flower’d Jacinth.

M ufcipula, Vifcaria, Catch Fly.

Plinij, Mofs.

Terrellris , Ground Mofs.

Arbor eus. Tree Mofs.

Pulmonarius , Lungwort Mofs.

Quernus, gjuercinus, Oak Mofs.

Sea Mofs.

M elampyrum, Gold of Pleafure.

A oi bum, Pjeudomyagrum , Wild Gold of
Pleafure.

Myacantla, Afparagus , Afparagus.

Auricula Muris, Pilofella, Moufe Far.

Mj ofuros, Cauda Muris, Holofcum Loniceri , Moufe
Tail.

Myrtle.

My//w no' ills, Noble Myrtle.

My'0 olannm, A Myrobalane.

M^;r Smyrrhiza , Smyrnmm, Comleus, Cifley,

Sweet Cifley.

•M>7 /Vj, Tamarifcus, Tamarix, Tamarisk.

M>v^ v'/7d<7, Doronn um, Woolfsbane Antidote.

Myiiodyllon , Millefolium , Yarrow.

MyrrU, Myrrh, the Rofin.

Myrtus Brabantica, Rhus Sylveflris, Myrtus Angli-
ca. Sweet Gaul.

Myrtus noth a, Pfeudomyrfine,Eheagnus Cordi, idem.
Myxarion, Sebeflen , The Fruit Sebelten.

A.

Napus, Bunias , Garden Navew Gentle.

Sylveftris , Agrcftis, Bunium, Wild

Navew.

Nana Baubini, Ananm, Pine Apple.

Narcif'us latifo/ius , Daffodil broad Leav’d.

Flore fimplici, Single Flower’d Daffodil
Flore multiplici, Double Flower’d Daffodil.
NarciJJus anguf ifolius , Daffodil narrow Leav’d.
Simplex , Single Flower’d Daffodil.

Flore plena. Double Flower’d Daffodil.
NarciJJus, Juncifolius, Rufh Daffodil, Junquile.
Flore fimplici. Bulb us V omit or i us. Single
Flower’d.

Flore pleno, Bulbus Vomitorius fore pleno.
Double Flower’d.

Marinus , ■ Littoralis, Sea Junquile.

NarciJJus noth us latifolius , Pfeudo narcif'us latifo -
lius. Broad Leav’d Baftard Daffodil.

Flore fimplici. Single Flower’d.

Flore multiplici , Double Flower’d.

Narcifus nothus angufifolius, Baftard Daffodil
narrow Leav’d.

Flore fimplici. Single Flower’d.

Flore pleno. Double Flower’d.

_ Juncifolius, Rufh Leav’d Baftard Daffodil.
NarciJJus marinus , Sea Daffodil.

Li ho variegatus , Checquer’d Sea Daffodil,
Fritillary Daffodil.

Nardus lndica, Indian Spicknard.

Celtica, Celtick Nard or Spicknard.

Cretica, Phu magnum. Great Valerian.

Ruf ica, A f arum, Afarabacca.

Naronica radix. Iris, Flower-de-luce Root.
Aarthax , Ferula, Fennel Giant.

Nafurtium Hybernum, Barbarea, Winter Crefs.
Nafurtium hortenfe. Garden. Crefs.

Aquaticum, Syfmbrium aquaticum. Water
Crefs.

Arabis, Dr aba, Turkey or Arabian Crefs.

Agrefle, Sylvefre, Wild Crefs.

Barbarea, Winter Crefs.

Cardamantica, Iberis, Lepidium Gimpcfre,
Sciatica Crefs.

Cardamine fore pleno , Double Flower’d
Meadow Crefs.

Hybernum, Winter Crefs.

lndicum , Indian Crefs.

Impatient, Noli metangere. Impatient Crefs.
Pratenfe fore fimplici , Syfmbrium all e rum.
Meadow Crefs fingle Flower’d.

Petr turn. Stone or Rock Crefs.

Saxatile, idem.

Natrix Plinij, Ononis vel Anonis , Lutea non fpi-
nofa, Arefta Bovis, Reftharrow, Cam-
mock.

Nenuphar, Nymph tea alba, WhiteWater Lilly.
Neottia , Nidus avis. Orchis abortive. Birds Neft.
Nephriticum Lignum, Nephritick Wood.

Aepeta , Cattaria , Mentha Cattaria, — — Beilina,
Nep or Cat Mint.

Nerium, Neris , Oleander, RofeBay.

Nicotian a , Petum , Tobaccum , Tobacco.

Hijpanica, Spanifli Tobacco.

Virginiana , Virginian Tobacco.

Anglica, Hyofcyamus luteus, Englifh To-'
bacco.

Index LatinliS;

Nidus avis , Orchis abort iva, Ncottia , Birds Neft.
Nigella, Melantbium , Gith, Fennel Flower.

Nigel la Romani i, F/cr divi Catharine , Katharin’s
Flower.

Nigella[lrum, Pfeudomelanthium , Cockle.

Nilofer , Nymphea, Water Lilly.

AV/ me tangere , Perficaria filiquofa , Codded
Arfmart.

Najlurtium bnpaticns , Impatient Crefs.
Cucumis agreflis , Wild Cucumber.
Nummularia , Mimmulus , Centummorbia , Money
Wort, Herb Twopence.

Nucula terrejiris , Bulbocaflanum , Ground Nut,
Earth Nut.

Nucleus Pine us , Prutfus Pint , A Pine Nut.

A#x, pi. Nuces, Nur, Nuts.

A7#* Greca, pi. Nuces Grace, Amygdala , <e,
Almond, Almonds.

AYmp Heracleotica , — PreneJUna , Avellana , Fil-
bert Nut.

SylveRris , Corylus , Halle Nur.

JVkv Indie a, Coccos fcrens, Cocar Nut.

A#* Indica, Nucula Indica , Indian Nut.

Atf* Jugulans , Wall Nut.

Mo f chat a , Nutmeg.

A7#* Veficaria, Bladder Nut.
jYax Vomica, Vomiting Nut.

Nymphai minima, Morfus R ana. Frog Bir.
Nymphea alba. Nenuphar, White Water Lilly.
Nymphea rubra lutea. Red or Yellow Water Lilly.

0.

OCellus Damofcenus, Caryophyllus hortenCts, Car-
nations, Clovegillitiowers.

Ocbrus Lugdunenfis, Ervilia, Winged Wild Peafe.
Ocymaftrum Valeriantbos, Dodonacus’s Red Valerian,
Bafil Valerian.

Ocymum vel Bajilicunt horten/e. Garden Bafil.
Caryopbyllatum, Clove Bafil.

Citratum, Citron Bafil.

Petr aunt. Acinus , Clinopodium , Stone Bafil.
Americanum, American Bafil.

Sylvefire , VVild Bafil.

Ocularia, Eufragia, Euphrafta , Eyebright.

Oculus Bovis , Bupbtbalmum , Chryfantbemuzn Gef-
nen. Ox Eye.

Vcrum, The True Ox Eye.

Album, White Flower’d Ox Eye.

Oculus Cbrifii, Horminum Sylvefire, VVild Clary.
Odontis, Dentillaria Rondoletij , Plumbago Blimp
Pliny’s Lead wort.

Oenochora Theophrafti , Onqgra veterum , Chamane-
rium, Lyfimachia filiqttofa , Codded Loofe*
ftrife.

Oenanthe, Filipendula , Dropwort.

Anguflfolia , Fo/i/x , Narrow

Leav’d Dropwort.

/*«>, Hemlock Leav’d Dropwort.
Aquatica, Water Dropwort.

0/m, O/itw, An Olive Tree.

Oleafler, VVild Olive Tree.

Oleagnus , ChameUa , Widow Wail.

Oleum, Oil.

Olivarum , Oil of Olives.

Oleander, Nerium, Rofe Bay.

O/itw, pi. O/itw, An Olive, Olives.

0/** lndiacum, Corcoras, Anagallu , Pimpernel.
Olufatrum, Hippofelinum , Alexander.

Olibanum, Thus, The true Frankincenfe.

Olivum, Oil of Olives.

Olivella , Oleajlellus, A Dwarf Olive Tree.
Olvalidia, Chamemelum , Camomil.

Ompbacium, An unripe thing, whether Grapes or
Olives, their Juice or Oil.

Onagra, Chamenerium, Lyfmacbia filiquofax Cod.
ded Loofe-ftrife.

Onoc/cia , Anchufa , Alcanna, Alkanct.

Ohobrychis, Campanula arvenfis , Speculum Veneris,
Caryophyllus Segetum , Corn Gillifiower,
Corn Pink, Ladys Looking Glafs.

Onobrychis, Caput Gdllinaceum, Glaux Grfnrn,
Cocks Head, Red Pitching, M dick
Fitch.

Onojma , Bugloffum Sylvefire , Echioidei, Wild

Buglofs-

0 nocordon, Gramen Phalaroides, Canary Cnfs.

Anon Is, Arefia Bovis , Remora A, atri ,
Reftharrow.

Onopordum, Acanthium , Car duns Tomentofum,
Woolly or Cotton Thlftle.

Onopyxui, Cardans Ajininus , SylveRris

Afles or Highway Thiftle.

Ophioglojfum , Lingua Serpent is. Adders Tongue.

Ophiofcorodon, AlliumViperinum, Vipers Garlick.

Ophris, Bifolium, Pfeudorchis , EUeborinc quor un-
dam, Twa- Blade.

Palujlris , Marfh Twa-Blade.

Opium, Papaveris fuccus conienfatus. Opium or
the condenfed Juice of Poppies.

Opobalfamum , The Fin eft fort of Balm.

Opopanax Gunim’% The Gum Opopanax, proceeding
from Panax or All-heal.

Solanum fomniferum , Sleepy Nightfhade.

Opuntia Plinij, ficus Indica, Indian fig, which
Eaten, colors the Urine Red.

Orbicularis, Artanita, Panis Porcinus, Cyclamen,
Cyclamintfs, Sow bread.

Orchis, Cynoforchis , Tejliculus, Tejliculi Cams,
Dogs Stones.

Orchis abort iva , Orobanche Gefneri , Neottia, Coa-
gulum Terre, Birds Neft.

Orchis hircina, Tragorchis , Goats Stones.

Orchis Mono , Fools Stones.

Orchis Palmata , Fenny or Handed Stones.

Orchis Serapias, Serapias Stones.

Oreofelinum , Petrofelinum, Garden Parfly.

Origanum, Cunila, Cumla Bubula, Majorana not ha
vel fylveftris. Origanum.

Orminum, Horminum , Sclarea, Clary.

Orneogloffum , F rax in us, Alh Tree.

Ornus, Mali a, Praxinus, idem.

SylveRris , VVild A fh or Quicken Tree.

Ornithagalum, Star of Bethlehem.

Album , Bulbus Leucanthemus minor. White
Star of Bethlehem.

Or nit hopodium, Pes Av/s , Polygalum Diofcoridis
quor undam. Birds Foot.

Nodofum, Herniaria, Knotted Birds Foot, a
Kind of Vetch.

Orobanche, Broom Rape.

Gefneri , Nidus Avis, Orchis abort iva, Ne-
ottia, Birds Neft.

Orobellon-, Pxonia, Peony.

Mas, Male Peony.

Pcemina , Female Peony.

Orobus , Ervum , Vida a mar a, Orobus or Bitter
Vetch.

Hortenfis, vulgaris , Mochus , -Garden

Orobus.

Sylvejlris, Ervum Sylvefire, Catenance Grf-
neri. Lathy rus Sylvejlris minor. Wild
Orobus or Bitter Vetch.

Sylvaticus , Sylvarum , Wood Orobus.

Gr amine hs rubens, Lathyrus SylveRris Gra -
mincus ruber, Crimfon Flower’d, Scarlet
Grals Vetch.

Creticus , Candy Orobus or Bitter Vetch.

Orontiiim, Os Leonisy Leo tierba , Canis Cerebrum,
Antirrhinum , Calves-Snout.

8 G

Orvalla,

Index Latinus.

Orvdlla , Sc lure a , Horminum , Clary.

Sylve jin's , 0 cuius Chrifli, Wild Clary.
Oryza, Oryzon , ira, Rice.

Oflcocolkn 3 Confo/ida major, Symphytum , Comfrey.
Ox he on is , Antirrhinum , Or on turn , Leo Hcrba ,
Gz/?/x Cerebrum , Calves-Snout.

Ofyrk, Linaria , Pfeudolinum , Flaxweed, or Toad-
flax.

Notha , Pfcudolmaria, Ballard Flaxweed.
Latifolia , Broad Leav’d Flaxweed.

Repens. Pumila , Creeping Flaxweed.

Scopea, Scopiaria ltalorum,Beeiom Flaxweed,
or Toadflax.

Oflrutium , Imperatoria , A fir ant ia , Mafterwort.

0/ munda Regalis , Pilix florida , Aquatic a.

Flowering Fern, Water Fern, Ofmund Royal.
Othonna Rondolcti) , Anemone , Hcrba venti , Ane-
mony, Wind Flower.

Oxalis , Acctcfa Hortenfis , Lop album acidum , R#-
wf.* acidus , Garden Sorrel.

Sylvcftris , minor, Accetofella, Lapa-

thiolum acidum , Field Sorrel.

Nemoralis , Oxytriphyllum > Trifolium aceto-
fum , Alleluja , Lujula , 0*yx, Wood
Sorrel.

Lujula alba , Oxytriphyllum album , White
Wood Sorrel.

Yellow flower’d Wood Sorrel.

F/£//x, Beech Tree.

Oxyacantha , Amyrbe; is Scrap onis, Haw Thorn.
Oxymyrfme , Rujcus , Brufcus, Scopa Regia, Butch-
ers Broom, Knee Holm.

Oxycedrus , Prickly Dwarf Cedar.

Oxy acanthus, Pyracantha , Evergreen Thorn.
Oxyfchcenus , J uncus acutus , Common hard fharp-
pointed Rufh.

Oxy phoenix, Tfamarindus , Tamarind Tree.

P.

PJEderota , Acanthus , Bears Breech.

Paonia, Panthiceratcn , Glacyfide , Dulcifida ,
Aglaophotis , Hcrba caff a. Peony.

AT#, Male Peony.

Paemina , Female Peony.

Efcr* duplici , Double flower’d Peony.

Palatia , Cyclamen, Cyclaminus, Pams Porcinus, Ar-
tanita , Sow Bread.

Palma, Phoenix , Date Tree.

Palma Chrifus , Rian us, Great Spurge.

Paliurus , Rhamnus terius Diofcoridis , Jews Thorn,
that with which, as it is laid, Chrillwas
Crowned.

Panaratium Marinum , Hemerocallis Valentina, Pan-
cratium fore Lilij, Scilla Marina, The
Poifonous Sea Squill.

Panova, Lignum Molucenje , Moluccas Tree.

Panax magna. Panaces magnum , Allheal Great.
Hcrculca, Hercules’s Woundwort , All heal.
Herculea altera , Hercules’s other Allheal
Common.

Coloni, St achy s Palufris , — aquatic a ,

Clowns Woundwort, Allheal.

Afckpia, TEfculapius’s Allheal.

Americana , American Allheal, or Wound-
wort.

Paludapium, A pi urn, A pi urn palufre ,

Smallage, Water Parlly.

Hortenje, Apium Hortenfe, Ciifpum ,

Garden Smallage, or Sailary.

Duke, Apium duke , Sweet Smallage.
Panicum, Aleline, Melinus, Dochon , Panick.

Pams Cuculi, Lujula , Alleluja, Trcfclium aceto -
fum, O-v/r, Oxytriphyllon , Wood Sorrel-
Panis Porcinus , Artanita, Cyclamen , Cyclaminus , |
Palatial Sow Bread. fi

Pappus, Bait at a Anglic ana, Englilh Potatoes.

Hijpaniarum, Spanifh Potatoes.

Virginian a, Virginian or American Potatoes.

Papuver hortenfe, Afcw/?, Garden

PoPP)\

Album fativum fimplcx. White Angle Poppy.

Album multiplex , White double Poppy.

Nigrum fativum Jimplex, Black Angle Poppy.

Nigrum vc l purpureum multiplex. Double
Black Poppy.

Rubrum fativum finjplex. Red Angle Poppy.

Rubrum multiplex , Double Red Poppy.

R/a^x mult ip/ici. Double Corn Pop-

c Py-

Spinojum , Thorney Poppy.

Papaver fylvefir e, Scgetum, Erraticum ,

T apaver Rhceas , Wild or Corn Poppy.

Nothum , Argcmone, Argemonia, Baltard
Wild Poppy.

Cor nut urn, Ccrniculatum , Horned

Wild Poppy.

Spumeum, Spattling Poppy.

P apaver culum, Leontopeta/on, Pes Leon inns, Bul-
garia, Lions Leaf, Lions Foot, Oaken
Turnep, Black Turnep.

Papillaris, Lampfana, Dock Crefs.

Papyrus, Papirus Nilotica . Algyptica, Paper

Reed.

Paralytica alpina. Auricula Ur fu Sanicula Urflna
Bears Ear.

Paralyfis fierba major. Primula veris major Arthri-
tica, Cowflip.

Alinor, Primula veris minor, Primrofe.

Parictaria muralis, Hclxine , Hcrba muralis , Pel-
lirory of the Wall.

Hifpanica? Pyrethrum, Pellitory ofSpain.

Notha, Imperatoria, Mafler-wort.

Paronychia, Whirlovv Grafs, Nail-worr.

Mfl rutaceo. Whitlow Grafs Rue Leav’d.

P arthenium, Matricaria , tebrifuga, Featherfew.

Pafinaca l at folia fativa , Staphylinus latifolius ,
Garden Parfnep.

Sylveflris , Elaphobofcum Plinij, Wild Parf-
nep.

Inf ana. Mad Parfnep, Madnep.

Vaccina , Sphondilium 3 SponaUium , Cow
Parfnep.

Aquatic a latifolia, Sium, Broad Leav'd Wa-
ter Parfnep.

Aquatica anguf folia, Narrow Leav’d Wa-
ter Parfnep.

Pafinaca tenu folia fativa. Garden Carrot.

Syhcfris , Dauci/s, Wild Carrot.

Cretica , Daucus Crcticus, Candy Wild Car-
rot.

PcticnVcncris, Scandix, Aci/s Veneris , Ac u la Sc a-
nana. Shepherds Needle.

Peclon, Confolida major , Symphytum, Comfrey.

Pedacula/is, Pedicularia, ChrifaGalli, Loufe-wort,
Red Rattle Grafs.

P eganum. Rut a fylvefir is. Wild Rue.

Pratenfe palufre, Thaliflruw, Tha-

lictrum , Meadow Rue.

Pentadallylon , Ricim/s , Palma Chrifii , Great
Spurge.

Pentaphyllum, Hfiiinque folium, Cinkfoil.

Peplis maritime , La'daria, Tilbymalus paralicis ,
Hcrba Ladaria 3 Small Purple Sea Spurge.

Pepo, Alelo, The Great Pompion or, Melon.

Sylveflris , Wild Pompion.

Melopepon , Musk Melon.

Peplus DodonH, Peplos , Efula rotunda , Round
Lfula, or Spurge.

Percepier Anglorum, Scandix minor, Parfly Break

Index

Pe r die aria, Parietaria , Herb a Mur alls , Pell i Cory
of the Wall.

Perdicium , idem.

Perdicia , Hclxine , idem.

Perforata, Hypericum, tug a Damon um , Johns-
wort.

Minor , Hypericum minus. Letter Johns-worr.

Peri fieri um , Verbena, Vervain.

Perfoliata , Perfoliatum, Diapbyllon, Through Wax.

Periclymenum, Volucrum majus , Caprifolium Ala-
trifylva. Woodbind.

Periploca, Apocynum, Dogs Bane.

Rflfc major. Greater or Upright Dogs

Bane.

Virginiana, Virginia Silk Grafs.

Virginiana minor. Letter Virginia Silk Grafs.

Perficaria maculata. Spotted or Mild Arfmart.

Non maculata. Hydropiper , Biting Arfmart.

Siliquofa, Noli me t anger c. Codded Arfmart.

Perpenfa , Afar urn, Nardus Rujiica, Afarabacca.

Sylveflris , Afar in a. Wild Afarabacca.

Perfolata Plinij, Petafitis, Pejlifuga , Butter Bur.

Perfonata, Lappa major , Bardana major. Greater
Bur Dock.

Minor, Lappa mi nor^ Xantbium , Bardana
minor. Letter Bur Dock.

Pcs Anferinus, Atriplex fylvejiris latifolia , Goofe
Foot.

Pes Avis, Ornithopodium, Polygalum Diofcoridis
quorundam, Birds Foot.

Pes Galli, Ranunculus, Crowfoot.

Pes Leonis, Sanicula major , Stellaria Matthioli ,
Alchimilla , Ladies Mantle.

Pes Leporinus, Lagopus , La^o podium. Trifolium
bumile, 1 rtfolium triticeum , H^res Foot.

Pes Vituli, Arum, Wake Robin, Cuckow Pint.

Pejlifuga, Petafites , Perfolata, Butterbur.

Petafites, idem.

Petrofclinum, Apium Hortenfe, Garden Parfly.

Sylvejire , Selinum , S 'ifum vulgare. Wild
Paifly.

Macedonicum , Orofelinum, Stone Parfly.

Petrofclinum maceum, Hippofelinum, Smyrnium ,
Equapium, Alexander.

Crcticum, Cretick Alexander.

Petrapium , Petrojelinum Macedonic, Stone Parfly.

Petiliusflos, Flos Affric anus, Affrican Marigold.

Petum , Nicotiana , Herb a Regina, Tobacco, To-
bacco.

Anglic urn* Hyofcyamus luteus , Englifh To-
bacco.

Hifpanicum, Spanifli Tobacco.

Americanum , American or Virginian To-
bacco.

Pence daman , Pinajiella , Fceniculum Porcinum,
Hog or Sow Fennel, or Sulphur-wort.

Majus, Great Hog Fennel.

Commune, The Common Hog Fennel.

Pumile, Dwarf Hog Fennel, or Sulphur-
wort.

Pbacos, Lejis, Lcnticula , Lentils.

Phalangitis, Pbalangium, Spider-wort.

Phafganum , Gladiolus Segetalis , Vifloralis rotun-
dus. Corn Flag.

Luteum, Yellow Water Flag, Skeg.

P balaris pratenfis. Quaking or Trembling Grafs.

Pbalangium , Phalangitis , Spider-wort.

Phafeolus , Smilax Hortenfis, Kidney Bean.

Coccinus , Scarlet Bean.

Pheilandrinum, Cicuta PaluJIris , Aquatic a.

Water Hemlock.

Pbellodrys, Subcr, Cork Oak.

Philantbropos, Agrimonia, Agrimony.

Phlaterion , Aparine, Goofe Grafs, or Clivers.

Pbiiuteria, Polemonium , Shrubby Trefoil.

Lamms.

Pbi/jpendula, Filipendula', Cenanthe , Drop- wort.

Angujlifolia , Apii foliis. Narrow Leav’d
Drop- wort.

Cicuta facie, Hemlock like Drop-wort.

Aquatic a. Water Drop-wort.

PhiJomcdntm , Cbe/idonium majus. Celandine.

lbivnix herb a vel Jcgclum, Lolium rubrum Red
Darnel.

Phi l ly rea. Mock Privet.

Pbtbifn , Pccoma, Mas & Fcemina, Peony Male
and Female.

Phthirion, Pedicular is , Crifta Galli , Lou fe- wort
Red Rattle Grafs.

Phu majus , Valeriana hortenfis, Valeriana major
hortenfis , Terdina Paracelfi, Garden Va-
leria^ or Setwall.

Alinus hortenfe, Valeriana minor hortenfe,
Lefler Garden Valerian, or Setwall. *

Peregrinum, rubrum , Valerianthon , 0-

cimaflrum Lobelij , Red Valerian.

Sylvejire , V aleriana fylvejiris, — Puluflrls ,
Wild Valerian, or Setwall.

Creticum Tuber of um. Candy Valerian.

Phyllitis, L>ngua Cervina , Harts Tongue.

Laciniata, Finger Harts Tongue.

Noth a , Hermioniiis , Splenium , Baflard
Harts Tongue, Males Fern.

Pice a arbor , Abies mas Bauhini, Pitch Tree.

Communis, Common Pitch Tree.

tiumihs. Dwarf Pitch Tree.

Picnocamum Anauil, Eruca notka fylvejiris Rhe -
feda. Wild Baflard Rocket.

Pilofella, Myfotis , Auricula Muris, Moufe Ear.

Pimpinella, Bipinella , Sanguiforba , Burnet.

Pinajiella, Peucedanum , Fceniculum Porcinum , Hog
or Sow Fennel, Sulphur-wort.

Pinus, Peuce , Pine Tree.

Pity ides, The Kernels or the Pine Cones.

Pinguicula, Sanicula Eboracsnfis, Cucullata, But-
ter-wort.

Piper agrejle , Vitex, Agnus Cajlus, Chafle Tree.

Piper aquaticum, Uydroptper , Perficaria non ma-
culata, Biting Arfmart.

Piper nigrum commune. Common Black Pepper.

Album, White Pepper.

Longam , Long Pepper.

Indicum , Capficum, Capficum Americanum vel
Affricanum Red Codded Pepper.

Mu; ale, lllecebra minor, Sedum tertium
Diofcoridis , Wall Pepper, Small Stone
Crop.

Piper it is, Lepidium , Dittander.

Piflaehia, Piflacia , Nux Veficaria , Bladder Nut,
The Piflach Nut.

Piflana, Sagittaria , Sagitta , Arrow-head.

Piflolochia , Ariflolocbia, Birth- wort.

Longa, Long Birth-wort.

Rotunda , Round Birth-wort.

Repens, Creeping Birth-wort.

Virginiana, Virginia Snake root.

Pifum, P fum cultatum , Peafe Manured.

Sylvejire, Wild Peafe.

Album hortenfe. White Garden Peafe.

Grifeum hortenfe , Rouncival Peafe.

Grifeum commune. Common Field Peafe.

Marinum, Sea Peafe.

Cor datum. Heart Peafe.

Perenne, Peafe Everlaiting.

Pityufa major , Efula major, Titbymalus minor ,
Efula, or rhe Lefler Spurge.

Minor, The Letter Efula.

Fix, Pitch ^ theRofin of rhe Pitch Tree.

Plant ago latifolia. Common Broad Leav’d Plantain.

Angujlifolia, quinquenervia , Kib-wort , or
Long Narrow Leav’d Plantain.

8 G 2

Cervnia ,

Index L annus.

Cervina , Cornu Cervina , Buck-horn Plantain.
Aquatica , Water Plantain.

Marina , Holoftjum , Holofleum , Sea Plantain.
Platanus , The Plain Tree.

Plumbago Plin'ij , Molybdena , Dentilaria , Pliny’s
Lead-wort.

Planta Leonis , Pes Leonis , Alcbimilla, Sanicula
major , Ladies Mantle.

Plant anaria , Xiphidion , Enjtculus , Sparganium ,
Carex, Bur Reed.

Plumbago , Perflcaria maculata , The Mild (not
Biting) Arfmarr, Spotted Arfmart.
Pneumonanthe , Gentiana Autumnalis , Campanula
Autumnal^ , Calathian Violet.

Podograria , Herba Gerardi , Angelica Sylveftris ,
Gout-wort, or Herb Gerard.

Polycephalus Carduus , Many Headed Thiftle.
Folium , Folium Montanum , Poley, Poley Mountain.
Poly ant bemum Dodonai , Ranunculus Aquatic us ,
Water Crowfoot.

Polymonium , Tri folium f ruff leans, Shrubby Trefoil.
Polygonoides Diofcoridis , Ki/toz pcrvinca , Clematis ,
Clematis Dapbnoides , Perwinkle.
Polyneuros , PI ant ago. Plantain.

Pulyflicbon , Dijhcbon , Critbe, Horde um, Barley.
Agrefte , Wdld Barley.

Murinum , fpurium , Wall or Way

Barley.

Polyfpennon , Atriplcx fylveftris , All Seed, Wild
Arach.

Polytricum nigrum , Capillus Veneris , Capillaris ,
Adiantbum nigrum , Trichomanes , Black
Maiden-hair.

Polyacantba , Carduus fpinofijjimus , Thiftle upon
' Thiftle.

Polygala recentiorum Amarella Gefneri , Flos Solis ,
Common Milk-wort, Crels Flower.
Maritima , Sea Mi lk- wort, Glaux.
Polygonatum , Sigillum Salomonis , &vz/rz C&7/,
cul Monardi , Solomons Seal.

Polygonum , Ccntumnodia , Sanguinaria , Knot-grafs.
Minor , Knawell.

Poly tri chum, Adiantbum , Trichomanes , Maiden-
hair.

Poly podium, Filicula, Herba Filicularis , Polypody.
^uercinum, Guerin um, Polypody of the Oak.
Murinum, Wall Polypody.

Pomum pi. Malum pi. Mala^ An Apple,

Apples.

Adami, Adams Apple.

Amor is, Apple of Love.

Armcniacum , An Apricock.

Arantium, An Orange.

Aurantjum, An Orange.

Aureum, idem.

Caninum, Mandrake Apple.

Citrium, A Citron.

Citrio, idem.

Citreum , idem.

Qlaudianum, Queen Apple.

Qotoncum, A Quince.

Cydonium , A Quince.

Granatum, A Pomgranate.

Hifpericum, An Orange.

Hierofolomita, Balfam Apple.

Infanum, Mad Apple.

Limonium, A Limon.

Aledicum, A Citron.

Mefpilum, A Medlar.

./W0/7, A Mulberry.

Cellar cum, A Nectarine.

Perficum, A Peach.

Panicum, A Pomgranate.

Sanguincum , Summer Goldings.

Sylvejire, The Crab Apple, Cyder Apple.

Terrx, Round Birth-wort Root.

Terrx Porcinum, Sow-bread Root.

Turcicum , Shaddock, Great Round Citron
or Limon.

Pcpulus , Afpen or Popular Tree.

A/bus, White Afpen, or Popular.

Aigcr, Black Afpen, or Popular,

Pop ul ago, Tufjilago, Becbium, Farjara, Colts- foot.
Porrago, Bor ago. Borage.

Porrum , Leeks.

i Sylvejire, Wild Leek.

Vitium, Vine Leek.

Portnlaca bortenfis. Garden Purflane.

Aurca, Golden Leav’d Purflane.

Viridis communis , Common Green Leav’d
Purflane.

Sylveftris, Ctpea , Wild Purflane.

Aquatica , Water Purflane.

Alarina , Halimus, Sea Purflane.
Potamogciton, Pond- weed.

Font alls. River Portdweed.

Spicata, Spiked Pond-weed.

Potentilla, Argentina, Tanacctum fylveftre, Ar *
gemone, Argemonia , Wild Tanfie, or Sil-
ver-weed.

Poterium , Tragacantbum , Goats Thorn.

Potentilla major, Ulmaria , Regina prati. Mead
Sweet. Queen of the Meadows.

Poihos , Aquilegia, Aquilina, Columbine.

Pracocia,. Malum Armcniacum, An Apricock. '
Prafium, Marrubium, Horehound.

Album, Vulgare , Common White

Hoiehound.

Kigrum, — Hif panicum. Black Horehound.

Aquaticum aquatile. Water Horehound.

X album fpurium, St achy s, Baltard

Horehound.

Primula veris major, Cowflips.

Minor, Primrofe.

Pratenfis, Oxflips.

Prqferpina herba, Cbam<£melum, Camomi!.
Profopion, Profopis , Perfonata major , Bur Dock.
Protomedia , Pimpinella , Bipine lla, Burnet.
Prunella , Confolida minor, Solidago minor , Self-
heal.

Prunum, A Plum, or Prune.

Prunum fylveftre, A Bulleis.

Pruncllum, A Prunella.

Pfeudocapficum , Stricbnodendron, Amara dulcis ,
Dulcamara, BitterSweet, Woody Night-
fhade.

Pfeudoafphodelus , Afpbodelus aquatic us , Water,
or Baftard Al'phodel.

PJeudobuniiim , Barbarea , Najiurtium Hybcrnum%
Bank, or Winter Crete.

Pfeudorchis , Bifolium, Ophris , Twa-blade.

Pfcudo dittamnus, Baftard Outlandifh Dittany.
Pfeudo narcijj'us, Baftard Daffodil.

Latifolius flore fimplici , Broad Leav’d Single
Flower’d Daffodil.

Latifolius flore multiplici , Broad Leav’d
Double Flower’d Daffodil.

Anguflifolius flore Jimplici , Narrow Leav’d
Single Daffodil.

Anguflifolius , flore plena. Narrow Leav’d
Double Flower’d Daffodil.

Juncifolius , Rufh Leav’d, Junquile.

Mar intis, Baftard Sea Daffodil.

Pfyllium, Pulicaria , pulicaris 3 Flea-wort.

Ptarmica fylveftris, Sternutamentaria , Sneez-wort.
Pteris, I'ilix, Fern.

ALzjj Male Fern.

F cumins, Aympbtopieris , Brake, Female Fern.

Qiierna, dpuercina. Oak Fern.

Repcns, Dryopteris repens, Creeping Oak Fern.

Pulicaria,

Index Latinus.

Pulicaria major , Coniza major , Amellus montanus
Columella , The Greater Flea-bane

Minor Fleming Lefier Flea-bane.

Pumila , Cham aeon iza , Dwarf Flea-bane.

Aquatica Palufris , Confolida palufrh.

Water Flea-bane.

Pulcgium, Glecum , Pennyroyal.

Vulgar e, Common Pennyroyal.

Surretfum , Upright Pennyroyal.
Angufifolium , Narrow Leav’d Penniroyal.
Pulmonaria , Lichen , Lung -wort.

Aureal Chcrcherm Dalecbampij , — Gallo-
rum, Golden Lung-wort.

Arbor um, Lichen Arbor urn, Pulmonaria fun-
gofa , Tree Lung-wort.

Maculofa , Symphytum Maculofum , Spotted
Lung-wort, Spotted Cowflip.

Pulfatilla , Apmm rfus, , Hxr/'a Sardoa , Pafque
Flower.

-d/ifo, White Pafque Flower.

Rubra , Red Pafque blower.

Purpurea , Purple Pafque FloWet, or Parfly
Laughing

Tyracantha , h vergreen Thorn.

Pyrei ' u w, Pt arnica , Pellitory of Spain.
Pyretbrum fylvefre , Ptarmica fylvefris , Sneez-
woi t.

Tyrol a, Tmtinnabulum Terra , Limonium Cordi ,
Winter Green.

Pyrum, pi. JP/r/, A Pear, Pears.

Pyrus, Pear Tree.

Pyxacantba, Lycium , Box Thorn.

&

QUm/, Nigelfy, Melanthium , Fennel Flower,
Gith, or Nigella.

ctis, Robor Robur Nigella, Drys, Jovis arbor
An Oak.

Qitadrifoli um , L^///a herba, Peale Trefoil.
Sjuinquefolium, Pentaphyllum , Cinkfoil.
Quinquencrvia , Plantago minor , Rib-wort IefTer,
Long Leav’d Plantane.

R.

RAdiolus , Phyllitis , Lingua Cervina , Harts
Tongue, Deers Tongue.

Radix Cava , F 'um aria Radice Cava , Hollow Root
Caveous Fumtterry.

IW/;c dulcis, Glycyrrhiza , Liquiritia, Liquorice.
Radix Helena 3 Zizipba, Bead Tree.
iW/* naronica , Iris , Flower-de-luce Root.

Radix fpirit us fantti, Angelica , Angelica Root.
Raginidi , bceniculum , Fennel.

Ranunculus communis , Cervinus , Common

Crowfoot.

Arvus yel arvorum , Field Crowfoot.

Aquatic us, Palufris , Water Crowfoot.

Nemo ralis , — — Ncmorcfus , Wood Crow-
foot.

Globofus , Globe Crowfoot.

Pratenfis dulcis, Sweet Meadow Crowfoot.
Tuberofus , Knotted or Tuberous Crowfoot.
Repens , Creeping Crowfoot.

Sativus, hortenfis flore fimplici ,

Single Flower’d Garden Crowfoot.

Sativus flore duplici. Double Flower’d Gar-
den Crowfoot.

Sylvarum , Anemone , Wind-flower, or Ane-
mony.

Rapbanus hortenfis. Garden Radifh.

Ag reft is Sylvefris, Wild Radifh.

Ruficanus , Armor acij Plinij, Tblafpi mag-
num & menus Cordi , Tblafpi altcrum Di-
ojeoridis , Horfe Radifh.

Ra pciu m, Leontopctalon, Lions-foot, Turnep Oakert.
Rap if rum Segetum, Charlock.

Albus arv&rum Lampfana , White Field
Charlock.

Aquatic limy Water Charlock.

&//W// bortenje, Garden Turnep.

-d rot und am , Wh i re R ou nd T u r nep,

Rubrum rotundum , Red Round Turnep.

L ongum vu/gare , Common long Turnep.

L uteum- Yellow Turnep.

Rapum Sy he ft re, Rapifrum , L ampfane Matthioii ,

Wild Turnep.

Majus , Rapum non bulbofum , Cole Rape.
Minus,Rapiflrum minus , Small W i Id Turnep.
Rapum Gen if a, Orobanche , Broom Rape.

Rapum Terra, Cyclamen , Cyclaminas , Art unit a.
Sow Bread.

Rapum Antoni /, Double Batchelors Buttons.

Rap unc ulus. Ra mp ions.

S pleat us, Alopecuroides, Great Rampion.
Nemorofus, Wood Rampion.

Cor nick fat us. Horned Rampion.

Sylvefris , Campanula minor , Wild Rampion.
Rap tint mm , Rapunculus, idem.

Refeda, Eruca Sylvefris Noth a , Baflard Wild
Rocket.

Regina Pratt , Ulmaria, Mead Sweet, Queen of
the Meadows.

Remora aratri , Are ft a bovis, Anonti , Reft-harrow.
Rofin. 4

P/tf/, Rofin of the Pine Tree.

Terebinthi, Rofin of the Turpentine Tree.
Pfo^f, Rofin of the Pitch Tree.

Cedri, Rofin of the Cedar Tree.

Abietis, Rofin of the Fir Tree.

Cuprejf, Rofin of the Cyprefs Tree.

Lands, Rofin of the Larch Tree.

Ref a bovis , Are fa bovis, An on is , Remora aratri ,
Reft-harrow.

Rbabarbarum , Rha , Rheon , Rhti, Rheubarb.
Indicum vel Turcicum , Indian Rheubarb.
Ponticum , Pontick Rheubarb.

Not bam, Pfeudo Rha , Hippolapathum rotun-
difohum, Baftard Rheubarb.

Monachorum , Monks Rheubarb, Garden Pa-
tience.

Rbodia radix, RofeRoot, Rhodium.

Rhodium Lignum , idem.

Rhus, Rhous , FluidaGaza , Sumach.

Coriaria, Carriers Sumach.

Sy he Hr is. Wild Sumach.

Rbododapbne, Oleander , Ncriittn , Rofe Bay.
Rhododendron , idem.

P/tar, Ribefum , Currans.

Ricinus, Palma Cbrifi, Great Spurge.

Aiaria, Alliaria, Alhafrum, Jack by Hedge.
Rinctis marinus, Critbmum, Yccniculum marinum,
Sampire.

Spinofus, Thomey Sampire, Sea Parfhep.
Aureus, Chryfantbemum lit tor cum, Anthyl-
lis major Cordi, Anthyllis prima Diofcori-
dis. Golden Flowered Sampire.

Robertiana, Hcrba Robert i. Geranium Robertianum
Herb Robert.

Robur, Sjucrcus, An Oak.

Roccella Tinfiorum, Fucus marinus , Sea Wrack.
Rorafrum, Bryonia, Bryony.

Rorella, Ros Solis , Rij/i Mx, Rorida , Sun Dew.
hortenfis , Garden Rofe Bufh.

Eglenteria, Sweet Briar.

Canina , VVild Briat Bufh.

-^#<7, White Rofe.

Rubra, Red Rofe.

Dumafcena, Damask Rofe.

Mofcbata, Musked Rofe.

Index Latinus.

R of mar inus , Rofmarinum , Libanotis Coronar'ia ,
Common Rofemary.

Angujfifolius , Narrow Leav’d Rofemary.
Latifolius , Bioad Leav’d Rofemary.

Rofa fatuina, Paonia , Peony Male and Female.
M* Junonis , Cnnon , Lilium , The Lilly.

Rojirum Gruinum , Gruis aut Ciconix, Geranium ,
Cranes Bill.

Rubeola , Field Madder.

kubia , Rubia Tinttorium , Great Madder.

Synanchia , Quinfey Madder, Crop Madder.

Minor , parva, Small Madder.

Rubus, Rubits fylvejiris , Sends , Vepercs , Bat us,
Cynosbarus , Bramble Berry Bufh.

Rubus Cervinus , Smilax ajpera , Prickly Bind-
weed.

Idaus, Rafpberries.

Rubus monococcos , Chamamorus , Knotberry Bufh.
Rubus tricoccocos, Rubus fegetum, Dewberry.

Rum ex , Lap album , Dock.

Acutus , Oxyhipathum , Sharp Pointed Dock.
F0//0 rot undo , Hippolapatbum , Baltard Rheu-
barb.

Aquatic us major-, Britanica , Britany.

Rufcus , Oxymirfine Brufcus , Scopa Regia , Centro-
myrrhine , Butchers Broom, Knee Holm.
bortenfis , Reganum , Garden Rue.

Sylveftris , Wild Rue.

Fratcnfis , Patufiris , Tbalittrum , Tba-

lietpcm, Meadow Rue.

Capraria, Galega , Goats Rue.
montana , Mountain Rue.

Rutula 3 idem.

5.

SAbdariffa , .d/^ Americana , American Vervain
Mallow.

Sabina bortenfis , vulgaris , Garden Savin.

Baccijera , Berry bearing Savin.

Sabaler , Satureia , Savory.

Sabeteregi , Fumaria , Fumiterry.

Saccbarum , Sugar.

Saccharina Arundo, The Sugar Cane.

berba, Verbena , Verbenaca , Vervain.

Reganum , Rue.

Saffargcl, Malum Cydomum, Quince.

Sajferheramon , Sparganium , Car ex, Sedge.
Sagapenum Gummi , FeruU fuccus , Fennel Giant
Gum Sagapenum.*

Sagina, Afperula , Spergula, Great Spurry.

Sagitta , Pijfana , Magopijiana , Arrow Head.
Sagittaria , idem.

Sa/icaJirumP/inijy Amara dulcis , Dulcamara ,

num arbor efcens, Bitter Sweet, or Woody’
Nightfhade.

Salicaria , Lyfimacbia , Loofeftrife, Willow Herb.
Salicornia , AV; majus , Greater Glafs-wort.

Stf//*, hvj, Vincus , Willow Tree.

Pumila , Dwarf Willow.

Amerind, bumilis , idem.

Stf//* marina , Caff us, Chafte Tree.

Salivaris , Py rethrum, Pellitory of Spain.

Saliunca, Nardus. Celtic a, Celtick Nard.

Salvia Roman a, Baljamita major , Colima ry.

Salvia hortenjis , Garden Sage.

Major , Alba vulgaris , Common Green
Sage.

Major, Rubra vulgaris. Common Red Sage.

Minor, — — — Virtutis , nobilis

angujf folia , Sage of Virtue.

Minor , altera , Romana , - — Abjint bites,

Wormwood Sage.

Va. iegata, Party colour’d Sage.

Salvia JylvcJfris , agrejfis , Scordium alte~

rum , Scordonia, Scorodonia 3 Wild Sage.
Aemoralis, Wood or Garlick Sage, idem.

Lat folia lutea , Verbajcum fylve/fre — .

jruticofa , Lutea , Wild Yellow Sage.
Angujfijolia jruticofa , Pblomis , Wild nar- *
row Leav’d Yellow Sage.

Salufandra, A igella. Fennelflower, Gith.

Saljirora, Rorella, Rosfols , Rofa fobs. Sun Dew.
Sa/J apanlla , Sarjapanlia % V olubihs Indica , Indian
Bindweed, Sarla, Satfaparilla.

Stf/wa K,.*, Rutamuraria, Adiantum candidum
Wall Rue, or White Maiden-hair.

Sambach , Jafminum3 Jeflamy or Gelfamy.

Sambfium Crefcentii, Brajjica Capitate , Cabbage.
Sampfucum , Amaractts , Majorana, Sweet Marjo-
ram.

Latifolium, Pot Marjoram.

Sjlvelfre, Lumla bubula > Wild Mujoram.
Hircinum , Tragoriganum , Goats Mi rjorarn.
Sambucus , Able, Elder.

Sant alum album , Sandal um. White Sanders.

Rub rum. Red Sanders.

Lutcum , Yellow Sanders.

Sanguis her cubs, Helleborus albus , White Helle-
bor.

Sanguis Draconis , The Gum Dragons Blood. .
Sanguis Draconis Herba , Lapatbum fativum fan*
guineum, Biood Worr.

Sanguinaria , Cornu Cervi vel Cervinum , Bucks
Horn.

Sanicula vulgaris , Diapenfia confolida quinque -
folia, Sanicle, Heal-wort.

Magna, Alcbimilla, Ladies Mantle, Great
Sanicle.

Guttata, Spotted Sanicle, London Pride.
Vrfina, Rears Ear’d Sanicle, Bears Ea{S.
Angujfijolia, Narrow Leav'd Sanicle.
Sanguiforb. Pimpinella, Bipinella, Burnet.

Magna , Great Burnet.

Parva , Small Meadow Buruet.

Sanamunda, Heath Spurge.

Sanicula Eboracenfis, Pinguicula , Cucullata, Butter
Wort.

Sapcnaria, Strutbium , F/F/<z agreJfisTragi , Soapwort.
Sarcocolla Gummi , Gum Sarcocol.

Sarax, Fill. v, Fern.

Sarfaparilla , Salfaparilla , Volubilis Indica , Indian
Bindweed, Sarfa.

SaJJafras Lignum vel Radix , The Root or Wood
of the Salfafrafs Tree.

Satureia, Thymbray Savory.

JEjfiva, Summer Savory.

hyberna, vulgaris. Winter Savory.

Cretica , Cretenfis, Candy Savory.

Spicata , Saxatilis vel Rupisy Rock Savory.
Saucby Malum P erf cum , A Peach.

Savina , Sabina bortenfis , Garden Savin.

Baccifera , Berry bearing Savin.
Satyrium/lulipay Satyrion, the Tulip.

Saxifragia anglicandy pratenfis noftra , Our

Englifh Saxifrage.

Palu/iris , Mai 111 Saxifrage.

./i/Az vulgaris , Common White Saxifrage.
Aurea , Lichen is facie , Chryfofple/uum , /Ye-
patica palujfris 3 Golden Saxifrage.
Pimpinella , Burnet Saxifrage.

Rubra , Filipendula 3 Dropwort.

<Sctf/rz Gt7/, Polygonal um, Solomons Seal.

Scammonium refina, Scammony.

Scariola , Endivia , lntybus , Endive.

Sylvcjfris , Wild or Field Endive.

Scandix , Venerisy Peblen Veneris, Scanaria ,

Shepherds Needle.

Scabiofdy Pfora JEtij , Scabious.

Scabiofa

Index Lacinus.

Scabiofa praienfis, Meadow Scabious.

Campejiris Segetum , Corn Scabious.

Ovilla , Sheeps Scabious.

Hortenfis vulgaris, CommonGarden Scabious.'

Schcenanthum, Schcenus aromatic us, Juncus edora-
t us, Ungucntarius , Camels Hay.

Schcenoprajjumy Rufh Leek, or Cives.

Scilla , Sijui/la , Sea Onion , or Squill.

Sciffma, bogus, Beech Tree.

1 Sclarca , Hur minim t Gallitricum , Centrum Gallic
Geminalis, Clary.

Scolymm Diofcoridis , Cine r a, Hartichoke.

Scop aria, Ofyns, Pfeitdolinum , Linar ia, Flax- Weed,
Toad-flax.

Italorum, Ofyris , Befotn Flax- weed.

Latifolia , O^vv* latifolia , Broad Leav’d
Flax-weed.

Repens , Linaria pumilay Pfeudolinum repens ,
Creeping Flax- weed.

Kotha, PJeudolinaria , Ballard Flax- weed.

SFtf/w ng/rf, Brufcus, Rufous, Butchers Broom,
Knee Holm.

Scorodonia , Jylvefris , 'Ncmoralis ,

Wild Sage, Wood Sage, Garlick Sage.

Scordonia , idem. , ,

Scordaus , Scordium falvice folium , Sage Leav’d
Scordium, or Water Germander.

Scordium , Schordium , Water Germander, Scordium.

Scorpio Theophrafli, Gene fa fpinoja , Furze Bufh.

Seolopendria , Ceteracb , True Spleen wort, or Cere
rach.

Sco'-ndopraJJum , Great Mountain Leek Garlick.

Scorpioides , Scorpion Herb, Catterpillars.

Scorpiurum , He liotr opium, Turnfole.

Scutellaria , Lamium peregrin uni y Strange Arch-
angel, or Dead Nettle.

Scorzoneray Viper aria, Viper ina3 Serpentina , Vi-
pers Grafs.

Scropbularia , Millemorbia, Ficaria , C belidonium
minus. Fig-wort.

Secale, Briza, Bryza, Farrago, Siligo veterum.
Rye.

Sscuridica, Hedyfarum, Hatchet Vetch.

Seracul Monardi , Sigillum Salomonis, Polygonatum,
Scala Cali , Solomons Seal.

Sebefen, Myxos, The Sebeften.

Seigar , Nux mofebata , Nutmeg.

S e/ago Plinij , Sabina Jylvefris Tragi, Wild Savin.

Scliam , Rapum , Turnep.

Seligoniony Paonia , Peony.

Selanion , Crocus Vernus, Spring Crocus’s.

Seminalis, Equifetum , HorfeTail.

Scmos, Betula , Becabungi, Anagalis aquatica , Brook
Lime.

Scmpervivum major , Sedum major, Athiales, Sem-
per for ium, Herb a Jovis, Houlleek.

Minor, Leffer Houlleek.

Semefigi , Viola Martiay Our Common March
Violet.

Semuda Theopbrafi, Betula, Brook Lime.

•Smj, Rubus fylvef ris, Bramble Berry Bufh.

Alexandria, Alexandrian Sena.

Aleppcnis, Aleppo Sena.

Notba, Colutea, Ballard Sena.

Sedum major , Sempervivum majory Hcrba Jovis,
Great Houlleek.

Ahnor, Leffer Houlleek.

Seliga, Saliunca, Kardus Celtic a, .Cel tick Nard.

Selinum Sij foliis. Slum terrefre Goodyeri, Seli -
num Segetale , Hone-wort* Corn Parlly.

Senecio, Engerum, Groundfel.

, Erigerum tomentofum , Cotton
Groundfel.

Serapias, Orchis Scrap i a/, Serapias Stones.

Serpillum, Serpyllum, Thymus fylvefris } Mother
Thyme, or Wild Time.

Seriph ium, Abfimhuim marinum. Sea Wormwood.
Serpent aria, liolofeum angufi folium, Grais Plan-
tane. Sea Plantane.

Sc rat a, Ceretta. 1 0

Seratula, Centauroides. j aw- wort.

Serretta , idem.

Sertula Camp ana, Melilotusy Mclilote.

Scfama. 1

Oily Pulfe.

Scfimum.

Stfamum,

S efamui des , Mufcipul ajlifcaria , Ixrcayllumi Ca tc h fly .
S/Vf, &?/£// Creticum & JEtbiopicum , Hare-
wort.

Anglicanum, Englifh Hart wort, or EngLfti
Green Saxifrage.

Sic la. Beta alba. \ ^

Sicula, Beta alba. J ^ 1!te **eet* (Mallow.

Sida Theopbrafi, Althea Palufris, Meadow Marfh.
Sigillum Maria , Bryonia nigra , Vitis nigra , Black
Bryony.

Sigillum Salomonis, Polygonatum, Scala Catli, So-
lomons Seal.

Sidcritisy Stratiotes, Militaris , Iron -wort, Soldiers
Herb.

Silybum, Carduus Maria, Ladies Thiftle.

Siligo, Secale , Briza , barrage „ Rve.

Siliqua dulcis, Ceratia filiqua , Carobe, Johns Bread.
Siliquafrum Plinij, Cipjicum , Guinny Pepper, In-
dian Codded Pepper
Silplicium , Laferpitium, Lafer-wort.

Sinapi , Thlafpi Plinij, Sinapis, Mullard.

Sativum hortenjis , Garden Mullard.

Sativum Rapi folio, Broad Leav’d Mullard.
Sativum album. White Garden Mullard.

Ruf icum, Najiurtium Tefforum, Thlafpi ,
Mithridate Mullard.

Ruficum, Thlafpi minus, Leffer Mithridate.
Mitbridaticum verum, Thlafpi verum. True
Mithridate Mullard.

Agrefe Sylvefre , Wild Mullard.

Alter urn fylveflre Eryftmum , brio Plinij ,

Hedge Mullard.

Alterum latifolium , Eryfmum latifolium al-
terum. Broad Leav’d Hedge Multard.
Sylvejirc verum , Eryftmum verum. True
Hedge Mullard.

Turritis vulgatior , Turrita Lobelij , Com-
mon Towers Mullard.

Or tent ale, Kafurtium Orient ale, Arab is.
Dr aba, Arabian or Turkey Mullard.

Sinapi Pcrficum, Thlafpi, Treacle, or Mithridate
Mullard.

Sile, Sefili , Hart wort.

Silaus Plinij , Thy f chum Apiumfylvefre, Hippo-
fehnuniy Smyrnium vulgare, Alexander.
Sinasbarium, Mentha aquatica. Water Mint.

tyj:r' "tskirrets.
bijarum. J

Sifon, Ballard Srone Parlly.

Sifon Syriacum , Ammi, Ammeos , Bifhops-weed.
Sithim , Larix, Larch Tree.

Shim, Pafinaca latijolia aquatica. Water Parfnep.
Sifymbrium, Mentha aquatica , Water Mint.

Smilax, Convolvulus, Volubilis , Bind -weed.

Smilax afpera, Rubus Cervmus, Rough or Prickly
Bind- weed.

Smyrnium , Hippefc/inum, Apium fylvefre , A-
lexander, Horfe Parlly.

Smyrrhiza , Myrrbis , Cilley.

Sola num halicacabum , Solarium Veficarium , A! ha-
ke ngi, Winter Cherry.

Carolinianuuh Carolina Winter Chsrry.

Solanum

Index Launus.

Solanum rubrum, Capficum, Guinny Pepper.

Solanum Tetraphyllum , Herba Paris, True Love,
or One Berry.

Solanum Veftcarium, Alkakengy , Winter Cherry.
Solanum bortenfe , Morel/e, Solatrum , Garden
Nightfhade.

Somntferum , Sleepy Nightfhade.

Ctrceum , Inchanters Nightfhade.

Arborefcens, Shrubby Nightfhade.

Deleterium , Letbiferum Lelbale,

Deadly N ightfhade, or Dwale.

Solanum arborefcens duke , ^mara dulcif, Du ca-
mera, Bitter Sweet, Woody Nightfhade.
Solatrum, Solanum bortenfe. Garden Nightfhade.
Soldana , Volubilis, Convolvulus, Bind-weed.
Soldanella, idem. c

Solanum Lignofum, Amara iulas. Bitter Sweet,
Woody Nightfhade.

Soler, Milium fobs, Litbcfpermum, &omwel.
Solidago, Confolida minor, frunella , Selt-heal.
Solidago minor , Bugula Bugle.

Solidago faracenica, Confolida aurea, Herba J ,
Confound.

Solifequium, Heliotropmm, Turn-fole.

Sonchus, Cicerbita , Lattuca Uponna, LaUuceUa,
Sow Thiltlc.

Levis, Smooth Sow Thiltle.

Afper, Prickly Sow Thiltle. _

Sophia Chirurgorum, Pfeudonajhrtium fylveftre,

F Sophia Yaracelft, ThahUrum, Fltx-weed.

Sorhficlla, Sanguforba, Pimptnel/a, Burnet.

fyhefris, Lrau.nus bu-
bula. Wild Alh Tree, Quicken Tree
Sorghum, MelineVarronis,Cencros, Pofpale Milieu
Sparganum, Ylalanana, Butomos Tbeopb. Carets
Dodoncei, Sedge, Bur Reed.

Furze Bulh.

Spuria f^da’, Stinking Gladdon, Spurge

SpeculmvZ'ris, Viola fegetum v^AbZs

* brychis. Campanula arvenfts, CaryopbpU-s

spelta, Zea, Ador, Triticum Ctnereum w dCn-

* feum arijhs mumtum. Gray Wheat, Spelt,

or Spelt Corn. ,

Spicata , Potamogeitum , pontalis. Wand-weed.
Spergula Cordia/is, Afperula, Stellaria , Woodroof,
Spurry, Frank Spurty.

Odorata noftras. Our Common Woodroof.
flare Ceru/ea Cttrulea arvenfts, Btew

Flowered Woodroof, or Spurry. .

Repens, JuncariaLaberme mont. Rubra ttm-
folia afpera, Woodroof Breakltone.
Sphondylium, Spondilium , Cow Parfnep. _
Spinaebia, Spanachta, Olus Hfpantcum, SPina|®'
Spina infeOoria, Sp.na Cerva —■ Cervtna, But
1 gifpina, Rhamnus, Buckthorn.
spinus, o/yacantha. Haw Thorn, White Thorn.
Spinus niger. Spina fiypttca. Slow Thorn,

Spina acuta^Oxycant bus, Oxycantha, Amyrberisfe-
raponis , Haw Thorn, White Thorn.

Spina Him, Hircina, Tragacantha, Goats

Thorn.

Spina Cervtna , Rhamnus, Buck Thom.

Smna Judaica, Pahurus, Jews Thorn.

Spina Burgi, Spina Cervi vel Cervtna, Rhm-

nus. Buck Thorn.

Spinamerula, idem.

Spirra Tbeophrafti , Viburnum, Viorna Ruel/ij, Vt-
urna vulgi. Wayfaring Tree.

Spongia, Sponge.

Splyte, Radix cava , Rumania cavofi , Hollow Root,
Caveous Fumiterry.

Sponfa folis, Ros vel Rofa foils, Rorella, Salft rofa.

Sun Dew.

Squamae ia , Dent aria major , Orobancbe , Radix
fquamata , Anb/atum Cordi, Tooth-wort.

Squilla, Sci/la, Sea Onion, or Squill.

Squinanthum, Schtenantbum, Juncus odorants ro-
tundas, Camels Hay.

Stachys pa/ujlris — — — aquatica , Clowns All-
heal.

St achy s Pucbfij noiba fpuria, Bafe Bore-;

hound.

Stache, Myrrha, Myrrh.

Statice quibufdam, Qramen marinum majus. Great
Sea Thrift, or Sea Grafs.

Staphiloiendron, Kux Veftcaria Piftachia, Piftick
or Fiftick Nuts, Pilfaches.

Stapbis agria, Herba pedicularis, Peduncularia, P i-
tuitaria, Staves-acre.

Stcebe, Jacca , lCnap-weed.

Notha, ■ — fpuria. Silver Knap- weed.

Stachas, Stcechados, Cafhdony, French Lavender,
Staechas.

Stella Leguminofa, Ornithopodium, Birds-foot.

Stellaria , Spergula, Afper ula, Woodroof.

Stellaria inguinalis , Star-worr.

Aquatica , Water Star-worr.

Straliotes, Mi/itaris, Millefolium militaris, Mil-
lefolium, Achillea fideritis , Common
Land Yarrow.

Acbileus, Achilea nobilis odorata. Millefo-
lium nobile. Noble Yarrow Land, Achil-
les Noble Wound-wort.

Aquaticus, Millefolium aquaticum — vul-
gatius , Myriophyllon, Water Yarrow.
Aquaticus violartus, Violet Yarrow.

Pceniculatus , aquaticus Ranunculi

fore & Capitulo, Fennel Leav’d Yarrow.

Succifa, Morfus Diaboli, Devils Bit.

Stramonium , Stramonia, Pomum fpinofum , Thorn
Apple.

Struthium, Sapponaria, Viola agreftis Tragi, Soap-
wort, Bruife-wort.

Stryehnodendron, Solanum Lignofum vel Frutef r ens,
Amara dttlcis. Dulcamara, Bitter-fweet,
Woody Nightfhade.

Strycbnos, Solatrum , Solanum, Morelia , Uva La-
pina, Nightfhade.

Styrax Gummi vel Reftm, Styrax, or Storax.
Styrax arbor , Storax Tree.

Saber, Qjtercus ftberreus, Cork, and Cork Gas.
Sucaram, Cicuta , Hemlock.

Succolata, Chocolate , Chocolet.

SuperciliumVeneris , Viola aquatilis, WaterViolet.
Sycomorus Italica, Zizipha, Bead Tree.

Sycomorus communis , Sycomore Tree.

Symphoniaca, Hyofcyamus, Henbane.

Syfynrichion majus , Sijynruhum majus, bulbt ej-
culcnti genus. Great Spanilh Nut.

Minus, fmallSpanifli Nut, Bulbed Ballard
Flower-de-luce.

Syringe, Flos Phi lade Iphos, Lilach , The Lilach,
J Lelach, or Pipe Tree.

Synanchice Dodonei, Rubia Synanchica Dalechampt],
Quinfey Madder. .

Symphytum, Confolida major, Solidago major, OJte-
ocollum, Comfrey.

X-

Index Latinus,

T.

T Abac urn, Velum , Nicotiana , Tobacco.

Anglic um , Hyofcyamus lutens , Engiilh
Tobacco-

Hifpanicum , Spanilh Tobacco.

Virginianum , Virginia Tobacco.

Tacamabacca Gummi , Gum Tacamahac.

T agates Indicd, F/os Africarius , African or French
, Marigold.

Major , The Great Noble Velvet African Ma-
rigold.

Minor , The Lefler African Marigold.

Tdhaleb , L0/7J Paluflris , Ducks Meat.

T amarindus, The Tamarind Tree.

Tamarindi , The Fruit of the Tamarind Tree.

Tamar i feus, Tamarix , Tamarisk.

T dnacetum bortenje , Atbanajia vulgaris , Garden
Tanfie.

^ Sativum crifpvm , Crifped or Curled Tanfie.
Tanuginofunl , Woolly Tanfie.

Ferf color, Party Colored Tanfie.

Sylveflre , agrejle, Vote null a, Argen-

tina, Argcriionc, Argcmonia, Wild Tanfie,
Silver Weed.

Tap fus Barb at us, Verbafcum , Tbapfus, Candelia
Regia, Mullein, Higtaper.

Notbus , Ki/w • — — T/'/f Ballard or

Bafe Mullein.

T inearius, — Uattarius, Blattaria,

Moth Mullein.

Tar ebon, Dracunculus bortenfs , Tragum, Draco
Herba , Tarragon.

Taraxacon, Dens Leonis, Dandelion.

Tartarus, Tart arum, Tartar or Wine Lees.

Tarfa, Tamarifcus , Tamarix, Tanarisk.
TatulaCluCij , Stramonia. . ,

Tatoula Turcis , P/w/*/* fpinofum. $Thorn APPle>
Taxus, Milos Theopbr. Smilax arbor , Yew.
Telepbium, Fabaria, CraJJula , Ccra&nia, Orpine,
Live Long.

Telipbano , Doronicum, Wolfs-bane Antidote.
Temuulum, Folium Indi vel Indum, Indian Leaf.
Terebinths, Turpentine Tree.

Terebinthum, Turpentine.

Abietii , Turpentine of the Fir Tree.

Tar ids , Of the Larch Tree.

P/'/w* Of the Pine Tree.

Terebinth i. Of the Turpentine Tree.
Cyprium, Cyprus Turpentine.

$ (3/0, Chio or Scio Turpentine.
Strasburgcnfe , Strasburg Turpentine.
Venetix, Venice Turpentine.

T erminthus. The Turpentine Tree.

Terr amenta, Curcuma, Turmerick.

Turpcntaria, Bctonica aquatica , Water Betony.

T ertiola, Panax , All-heal, Wound-wort.
Tertionaria Bauhini , Tyfmachia.Galericidata , The
Greater Blew Flowered, or Broad Leav’d
Hedge Hylfop.

Tejiiculus odoralus, Orcbies odoratits. Sweet Cul-
lions, or Ladies Traces.

T etrabit, Sideritis, Iron-wort.

Teucrium, Qitcrcula major, Chamsdrys major , Tree
or Shrub Germander.

Tetragonia, Evonymus , Prick-wood, Spindle Tree.
Tbaliltrum a Tbalietrum, Ruta pratenfis. Rut a pa-
luJJris , Meadow Rue.

Tbalittrum majusif minus, Ballard Rheubarb, both
Great and Small.

Tbalietrum, Ruta pratenfis , Meadow Rue.

Tbapfia laiifolia , Great Spanilh fcorching Fen-
nel.

T//0J, The* , Tea, Thea, or Thee.

. Tbina, Larix, Larch Tree.

Tblafpi, Sinapi rujlicum, Kafurtium toil or uni
Treacle Mulrard.

Mi'tbridaticum verum , True Mithridate

' Mullard. .

Mitbridaticum minus , LefTer Mithridate
Mullard.

Thor a ' Aconitum latifolium & montamtm. The mod
Poifonous Wolfs-bane.

Tbits, Arbor Tburifera, Frankincenfe Tree.

Thus Rejina, Incenie, or Frankincenfe.

T but, Morus, Mulberry.

Thymama, Sryrax, Storax, alfo Storax Tree.

Thy m bra, Saturcia , Savory.

AEftiva, Summer Savory.

Hyberna vulgaris , Common Winter

Savory.

Cretica • — Cretcnfis, Candy Savory.

Saxatilis • fpicata. Rock or Spiked Sa-

vory.

Thy mum. Thymus bortenfs } Garden Thyme.

Maficinum, latifolium , Mallick Thyme.

Citratum Limonaium, Ci won or Limon

Thyme.

Sylveftre, Serpillum,Serpyl!um, Wild Thy tire,
Mother Thyme.

Theffelium , Apium jylveflre , Wild Pa 1 fly , alfo
Smallage.

Tbymelaa , Cham a: lea. Spurge Olive, Widow-wail.

Dili a, Pbilyra , Tela, Line, or Linden Tree, Tile
Tree.

Tithymalus, Titbymalus Cbaracias , i. e. Vallaris,
Wood Spurge.

Paluflris, Efula major Germanica, Marfli
Spurge.

Paralifis, Tattaria, Herba Tail aria. Sea
Spurge.

Tintinnabulum Terra, Pyrold, Winter Green.

T omentum, Gnapbalium, Centime ul or is , Cud- weed.

Tomentitia, idem.

Topi aria. Acanthus , Branca V/fna, Bears Breech.

Tordylium, Sefeli Cretenfe, Hgrt-wort of Candy.

Tormcntilla, Septifolium , Heptapbyllum, Confolida, .
rubra , Tormentil, Set-foil.

Tornfole, Heliotropium, Scorpiurum , Herba cancri
Rue lli j, Turn-fole.

Tot a bona. Bonus Henricus, Lapatbum unUuofum-,
Engiilh Mercury.

Tragacantba , Goats Thorn.

Tragacantbum Gummi, Gum Tragacanth.

Tracbelium, Cervicaria, Uvular i a. Throat- wort.

Tragium, Fraxinella , Pfcudodittamnus , White Ba-
llard Dittany.

Tragium Germanicum, Atriplex olida , Stinking
Arach.

Tragon , Kali fpinofum. Prickly Glafs-wort.

Tragopogon, Barba Hirci, Hircina, Goats

Beard.

Tragopyrum, Tragotriticum , Fagotriticum, Fcgopy-
rum, Frumentum farajenicum , Ocymujn
cere ale. Buck Wheat.

Tragoriganum, Origanum Hircinum, Goats Mar-
joram.

Trapeznntica Dattylus, Lauroccrdfus, Cherry Bay.

Tribulus terrefris, Saligot, Land Caltrop.

Aquations, Lacufris, VVarer Caltrop.

Tricbomanes, Adiantum nigrum, Capillus vcr.cn ;
niger. Black Maiden-hair.

Trifolium, Tripbyllum, Triapbillon. , Trefoil.

Pratenfe, Meadow Trefoil.

Album viilgarc. Common White Trefoil.

Purpureum vulgare. Common Purple Trefoil.

P impure um magnum, Gre.’t Purple Trefoil.

Album magnum, Greac IV hire Trefoil.

Purpureum minus. Small Purple Trefoil.

Album minus, fmall White Trefoil

« H Cordd *

Index Latinus.

Cordatum , Heart Trefoil.

Lur earn minus , fmall Yellow Trefoil.
Luteum minimum , fmallelt Yellow Trefoil.
Sihqucfum , Codded, or Claver Trefoil.
Tntlccum humile , Lagopits , Hare Trefoil.

Tfatum-, Lotus Pifatus , Lotus Sylveftris ,
Lotopifum , Lotus filiquofus , Peafe Trefoil.
Odor at am. , Lotus urbana vel hortenfis , fweet
Trefoil, Garden Claver. (toil.

Frog i forum , — Veficarium , Strawberry Tre-

1 St e Hat urn , Capjtulls Stellatisy Starry

Trefoil.

Afpbalitcs P>ituminofumt ftrong fcent-

ed Trefoil.

Arbor e fee ns , Cytifus vents , Right Tree
Trefoil. *

Ar bore fee ns vulgar c. Common Tree Trefoil.
Pa lull re — — — Paludofum • — — Hircinum ,
M’arfh Trefoil, Buck Bean.

Cochleat ums Medica, Snail Trefoil, St. Foin,
Medick Fodder, Claver.

AcetofjjWy Alleluja , Lujula , Wood Sorrel.
Frut icons , Polemonium , Shrubby Trefoil.
Tripoli urn. Sea Star- wort.

Trjfago^ Ckamtdrys , Iva Arthritica , Ground

Pine, Gout Ivy, Field Cyprels.

Maritima , Anthyllis Herbariorum , Sea
Ground Pine.

Triticum , Siligo, Wheat.

Album ariftis a Ibis, Siligo arid is mu-

nit urn , White Wheat.

Rubrum arifhtm y5?/Y/x ;•«£/*&, Red

Wheat Awned.

Rubrum , mutica'3 Red not Awned.
Album muticum , <S7//§0 Jpica mutica , White
Wheat not Awned.

Grifeum , Cinereum , jir/J?/x a««w-

Gray Wheat, Spelt,

or Spelt Corn.

Ramofum , y^/Y/x multiplicis , Many

Ear’d Wheat.

lndicum , Frumcntum Indicum , Maize Wheat
Vaccinum , Crataogonum , Cow Wheat.
Triticum amyleum , White Starch of Wheat.
Triphyllon , Trifolium , Trefoil.

Tuber terr£ , Cyclamen , Cyclaminus , Fanis porci-
nus , Sow Bread.

T ulipafatyrium verum. The Tulip, orTrue Satyrion.
Tulip a prxcox alba , Early White Tulip.

Pr£cox purpurea , Early Purple Tulip.

Pr£cox rubra , Early Red Tulip.

Pr£cox luteay Early Yellow Tulip.

Media alba , Mean White Tulip.

Media purpurea. Mean Piwple Tulip.

Media rubra , Mean Red Tulip.

Media lute a , Mean Yellow Tulip.

Media viridis , Mean Green Tulip.

Serotina , Late Flowering Tulip.

Xotka , Baltard or Dwarf i uiip.

Turbifh , herba Loll aria Mefucsi Alypum Afluarf
Turbith.

Turpetum , idem.

Turritis , - vulgatior , Turrita Lobclij. Tow-

ers Muftard.

Tufilago , Farfara , Farugium , Faranum , Bcchium ,
Vngula Cabalina , Populago , Colts-Toor.

Tyn mx, Tinns, Laurujlinus , Wiki Bay, Dwarf Bay.

1 ypha , Typha aquatic a. Cats Tail, Reed Mace.
Typhittm Theophrajii , Tuffilago , Colts-foot.

V

'Accaria, Cow Bafil.

Vaccinia nigra, Vitis ld.ea Tbeopbiqfti,
Black Whom, or Bilberry.

Paluflris, Vaccinium paluftre, Marfll Khorts,
or Bilberries.

Vaccinia ^ftbis Rubus Monococcus , Chamamorus
Cloud-berry, Briar. ’

Valeriana hortenfis, Phu majus horlcnfe, Valeriana
major hortenfis, Terdina Par ace Hi, Garden
valerian, or Set-wall.

•M/ot/- hortenfis, Phu minus hortenfe, Leflor
Garden Valerian.

Sercgnna CWe,;, Greek

Valerian.

Crctica - . Tuberofa , Candy Valerian.

la/zca Mcxicana, Tripolium Dir/'-o-

nits, Indian Valerian.

£h“ peregrinum, Ocimafli um Lobc/r
Red Valerian.

Sylveftris paluftris. Wild Valerian

r «r«, Acorns, Reed Aroqtatick, Flag Sweet
Smelling.

repres. Rubles fylveftris. Bramble Berry.

Venn rum, Helleborns, Hellebor.

Album, White Hellebor.

Nigrum, Black Hellebor. •

AV/forw, hclleborafter, Ballard Hellebor.

. erengena , Malum infanum , Mad Apple.
Vcrbafcum, Tbapfus , Tqj/ir ij/aW, Candelia
Regia, Mullein.

Notkuin, Vile, Ballard or Bafe Mullein.

fineanum , Blattarium , Moth Mul-

lein.

Verbafcuhim, Primulavtris minor, Atifma fylveftre
Primrofe.

Verbena, Verbenaca, ilerculana , Matricalis, F.x-
upera, Hcria facra. Vervain.

Vermicularis , lllecelra. Stone Crop, Wall Pepper.

Veronica mat, Vermica Pauli, Bclonica Perth

Paulina, Speed-well, or Pauls Betony.
Veronica Pauli, idem.

Veficaria, Alkakngi, Solanum Veficarium, Winter
Cherry.

Alba ifelCaroliniana, Carolina Winter Cherry.

Veficaria pcrejrina , Fj/inw Cordatum, Heart

Peate.

Wrmx, Juiiperi Rcfina, Sandaracha Arabum, Ju-
niper Gum.

Vctonica, bclonica, Betony.

Aqiatica, Water Betony.

Viburnut , Wayfaring Tree.

Vicia, pi. P5d« nonamare , Tare, or Vetch not Bitter.

fativa vulgaris, Common Tare or Vetch.

Sy/vefiris, Cracca magna , Aracbus, Vicia

magna, Dumctcrum , Great Wild

Vetch.

Sylveftris minor , Arachus minor, Cracca mi-
nor, LeiTer Wild Tare or Vetch.

Sylveftris alba, Flore a/bo, Nemorum,

Ga/ega altera Dodonai, Onobrycbidis

fore. Wild White Tare.

Perennis, Latbyrus perennis fore luieo , Tare
Everlalling.

Lutea foliis Convolvuli, Apbaca, Apliaca fyl-
veftris, Orobanchc Theopbrafli , Yellow
Wild Vetch. ’

LaUea, Adragahts, Aftragalus nolbus, A Jlra-
galoides. Milk Vetch.

Equina, Solca equina, Ferrum cquinum, Horfe
Shcoe Vetch.

Securidaca , Hedyfarum, Hatchet Vetch.

Avitia, Ornithopodium, Pes avis major IS
minor, Birds-foor Vetch.

Lernifimi/is, Anthyllis Leguminoj a. Common
Kidney Vetch.

Glycyrrbizata, Liquorice like Vetch.

PVV/u amara, Orobus Ervum, Birter Vetch , or
Orobus.

Hortenfis, vulgaris. Common Orobus.

Cretica, — w, Candy Orobus or Bitter Vetch.

Sylveftris,

I

Index Lacinus.

Sylveftris , Latbyrus fyfoeftris minor , Wild
Orobus, or Bitter Vetch.

Syfoarum fyfoaiica , Wood Orobus.

Syfoarum latifolia , Phafcolus Jyfoarum , Z-
rnchus Dodonai , Broad Leav’d Wood O-
robus, or Bitter Vetch.

Syfoarum anguftifolia. Narrow Leav’d Orobus;
Gramme a rube ns, Orobus Gr amine us ruber ,
Scarlet Grafs Vetch.

ViJormts mas , Allium Anguinum , Vipers Garlick.
Vittoriola , Hippogloffum , Horfe Tongue.

pervinca , Clematis Daphnoides , Chamxdaphne
Plinij , Per winkle.

Vincibofcum , Periclymcnum , W ood- bind.
Vincetoxicum , Af depicts > Hirundinaria anliqua.
Swallow-wort.

Vinum , Wine.

Hifpanicum , Spanifh Wine.

Canarienfe , Canary Wine.

Album Cf rub rum. White and Red Wine.
F/Vtf hortenfis , P/0/2 Mania , Lw, March Violet.
Sttrreffa — fruticofa , Wild Upright Violet.
Sylveftris vulgaris , Common Wild Violet.
haciniato folio Carolitiiana , Wild Jagged or
Carolinian Violet.

Dent aria, Coralloides , Toothed Violet.

Arvenjis Segetum , Campanula arven-

Jis, Corn Violet.

Matronalis, Hef peris. Dames Violet.

F lamtnea Tricolor, Herba trinit atis ,

Flame Violet, or Hearts Eafe.

F/0Z2 Lunaris, Lunaria, Bolbonach, Luna-

ria odorata, Sattin Flower.

Mariana , Coventry Bells.

Matronalis, Hefperis} Dames Violet.

Nigra , Mania , March Violet.

Tricolor, Herba trinitatis , Hearts Eafe.
Viorna, Clematis altera Mattbioli , Vitalba Dodonai ,
Travellers Joy.

F/>£<3 aurea, Leucographis Plinij , Golden Rod.

Vi per aria, Scorzonera , Vipers Grafs.

P/rga Sanguinaria , Cornus , Cornel Tree.

F7/£<2 Pa ft or is ■, Dipfacus major , Wild Teafle.

Z///>, P7//X Vinifera , fativa, Manured Vine.

Ftf/i/V Laciniatis , Parfly Vine.

Sylveftris Sterilis, Wild Barren Vine.

Vitis alba, Sylveftris alba , White Bryony.

Nigra, Sylveftris nigra. Black Bryony.
Vifnaga, Gingidium, Tooth-pick Chervil.

Vifcum, Ixos , lxia Renealmi, Miflelto.

Vifcum, Birdlime.

Vifcaria Dodonai, Mufcipula, Catch Fly.

V it alis, Crajfula, Telephium, Ceraunia , Orpine.
Vitex, Agnus Caftus, Salix Marina , Chafte Tree.
Viticella, Balfamina, Balm Apple.

Idea, Vaccinia Whorts or Billberries.
Vitraria, P arid aria, Pellitory of the Wall.

Vi t rum, Glaftum, Woad.

Viurna, Viorna , Clematis altera. Travellers Joy.
XJlpicum, Allium bortenfe, Garlick.

Ulmaria, Barba Capri €> Hirci, Regina prati, Mede
Sweet, Meadow Sweet.

Ulmus, Elm Tree.

Ulticana , Solanum fomniferum , Sleepy Nightfhade.
Vngula Cabalina , Tujfilago, Par far a , Becbium ,
Colts-foot.

t/We?, Arbutus, Strawberry Tree.

Unifolium, Monopbyllum, Cotyledon fyfoeftre , One
Blade.

Umbellicus Veneris, Cotyledon, Acetabulum Herba
Coxendicum , Navel-wort, Penny-wort.

Vole m us. Warden Tree.

Volubilis, Convolvulus, Smilax, Bind-weed.

L nnaria. Dens Leonis, Dandelion, Pifs-a-Bed.

Ur ti’c a i tiers — • mart u a, Lamium, Archangel.
Purpurea, Red Archangel, or Dead Nettle.

White Archangel, or Dead Nettle.
Pcetida, Galcopfis , Stinkihg Dead Nettle.
Lute a. Yellow Archangel.

Ur tic a Urens, Stinging Nettle.

Major, Great Stinging Nettle.

Minor, The Leffer or moft Stinging Nettle.
Rom ana — hortenfis, Roman or Garden
Nettle.

Ufiil ago. Burnt Wheat or Corn.

Ufnea, Mufcus, Bry on Plinij, Mofs.
a Terreftris, Earth or Ground Mofs.

Arbor c us. Tree Mofs.

Pulmonarius, Lung-wort.

Marinus , Sea Mols.

Uya Crifpina, Berber is, Barberries.

L va Crifpa, Groffularia , Gooleberry.

Lya Lupina, Sambucus aquatilis. Water Elder.
Uva Marina, Traganos , Tragos Mattbioli, Sea
Clutter, Sea Grape.

Uvular ia, Taurus Alexandrine, Hippogloffum ,
Horfe Tongue Bay.

Vulgago, AJarum, Afarabacca.

Vulvar ia, Atriplex olida , Stinking Arach.

X.

XAnthium, Bardana minor. Lappa Minor , Lef-
fer Bur Dock.

Xanium , Melantbium, Nigella Romana , Katherine
Flower, Roman Nigella.

Xy loaloes, Lignum Aloes, Wood of Aloes.
Xylobalfamum , Balfam VVood.

Xyphium, Gladiolus, Enfis , S eg ft alis, ViUorialis
rotundus , Corn Flag.

Xylofteum, Periclymenum , Wood-bind.

Xyris, Spatula feetida. Stinking Gladdon, Spurge
Wort.

Xylum, Bombax, GoJJipium, Cot urn. Cotton Plant.
Xypbidion, Sparganium , Platanaria, Car ex. Sedge,

Bur Reed.

X

YEbct , Anetttm, Dill.

Xucca , Hiucca , Jucca , Cazavi, Cafavi, In-
dian Bread. >

Xucca vera, Mandiocba , Cazavi verurn , True In-
dian Bread.

Yucca malv£ foliis, Hcticb Americanum , Mallow
Leav’d or Potato-like Yucca, or Indian
Bread.

Xucca foliis Aloes, Aloe Leav’d, or Suppofidous
Yucca or Indian Bread.

Z.

ZAcintba, Cicborea Ver rue aria. Wart Suc-
cory.

Zarfaparilla, Sarfaparilla, Common Sarfa.

Zambac , Jafminum, Geflamy.

Zarund, Ariftolocbia, Birth-wort.

Zedoaria, Zedoary.

Zea, Spelt a. Par, TriticumGrifeunt, Spek Corn,
Our Gray Wheat.

Zerumbeth, Zedoaria , Zedoary.

Zinzibcr , G ingiber , Ginger.

Zizania, Lolium, Darnel.

Zizipha, Ziziphus , Bead Tree.

Zizypba , Jujube, Jujube.

Explicit INDEX L A T I N U S.

Just Published, in One Volume, Svo , handsomely bound.

SCENERY AMD POETRY

OF THE

Rummer Gamble.

BY CHARLES MACKAY, Esq,

AUTHOR OF “LEGENDS OF THE ISLES,” “ THE 8ALMANDK1NB,* “THE THAMES AND

ETC., ETC., ETC.

TRIBUTARIES,711

PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED WITH SUPERIOR WOOD ENGRAVINGS,

THOM ORIGINAL SKETCHES TAKEN EXPRESSLY FOR THIS WORK,

AND DRAWN ON WOOD BY

ITARYEY, M'KEWAN, D. COX, Jim., W. C. SMITH, GREV. FENNELL,
DICKES, W. P. SMITH, EDW. GILES, etc.

ENGRAVED BY

THOMAS GILKS.

HE object of this work is to narrate the romantic
history, and cull the poetry, of a district which is
among the most celebrated, and which all travellers
allow to be the most beautiful in Great Britain ;
to describe every scene that has claims upon the
admiration or attention of ihe visitor, either for its
own loveliness or for the reminiscences attached to
it. As in “ The Thames and its Tributaries” the
Author has undertaken to dwell upon romantic
and remarkable events, “ in the very spots where
they occurred, to jog his reader’s memory, and to
act the part of a gossiping, not a prosy fellow-traveller,” making it apparent
that, wherever he went, “ he could not but remember,” and that he never
passed unheeding over any ground “ that had been dignified by wisdom
bravery, or virtue,” or had charms for the lover of nature.

LONDON i

LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN AND LONGMANS,

PATERNOSTER ROW.

J. WERTHEIMER AND CO., PRINTERS, FINMJI 1 f; A

ECUS.

SPECIMEN OF ILLUSTRATIONS

TO THE

SCENERY and POETRY of the ENGLISH LAKES.

I). H. M‘Kewajt Del.

Thomas Giles, Sculp.

s 'Pa n l e y g i l l.

LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN AND LONGMANS

Just. Published, in One Volume, square 8vo., handsomely bound, gilt, price 14s.

THE

FALLS, LAKES, AND

OF

MOUNTAINS

NORTH WALES;

BRING A

PICTORIAL TOUR THROUGH THE MOST INTERESTING PARTS OF THE COUNTRY.

BY MISS LOUISA STUART COSTELLO,

AUTHOR OF “'A SUMMER AMONG THE BOCAGES AND THE VINES,” “A PILGRIMAGE
TO AUVERGNE,” “BEARN, AND THE PYRENEES,” ETC.

ILLUSTRATED WITH UPWARDS OF SEVENTY VIEWS

OF AI.I. THOSE ROMANTIC SPOTS WHICH ATTRACT THE ADMIRATION OF THE TOURIST.

FROM ORIGINAL SKETCHES BY

D. II. M'KEWAN,

ENGRAVED ON WOOD AND LITHOGRAPHED BY

THOMAS AND EDWARD GILES.

N the present Work the object has been to
present to the Traveller, and the lover of
the Picturesque, in a portableform, a graphic
and correct portraiture of this beautiful and
historically important portion of Great Bri-
tain ; to give to every site its legends and
poetical associations, revive the recollections
attached to it, and to do for the region of
the ITarp and the Bard what has been done
for its brother- land of Brittany ; to beguile
the fatigues of travel, and to supply inform-
ation on the spot, without the necessity of extensive research ; and also to
amuse the leisure of those who may desire to become acquainted with the
most alluring scenes of Nature without seeking for them abroad.

LONDON:

LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN AND LONGMANS,

PATERNOSTER ROW.

Just Published, in One Vrolume, square 8vo., handsomely bound, gilt, price I4s.

THE

FALLS, LAKES, AND FOUNTAINS

OF

NORTH WALES.

(Extracts! from ©pinions of tljf ^rr^.

* The Tourist through North Wales has long been in I
want of a volume of this description, which combines
every requisite needed in a travelling companion. It
indicates the most picturesque features of some of the
most beautiful scenery in Europe ; it tells the history and
traditions of the most remarkable sites ; and, indepen-
dently of painting the charms of this romantic region,
in language full of harmony and color, it presents to the
eye a profusion of sketches whose truth and vigor and
delicacy of execution are worthy of the highest com-
mendation. * * *

“ To those who are fond of legends, we especially com-
mend the tradition ‘ Cilmin of the Black Fort,’ the story
of ‘ Nesta, and the Wicked Owain,’ that of ‘ Hugh
Lloyd ' and his magical staff, and the legend of the
* Lovely Ladies,’ amongst others. In every page, indeed,
we find matter for agreeable extract: but as ihe volume
is very portable, and adapted to every traveller’s wallet,
we would advise tourists to possess themselves of the
whole, that they may test its merits beside the ‘Lakes
and Falls,’ and beneath the shadow of the ‘ Mountains’
which are described in it. * * *

“ A word more in parting in regard to the illustrations,
of which there are upwards of seventy — Mr. M‘ Kewan
has well performed the task allotted to him, and his
sketches have been admirably interpreted through the
lithographic and wood engravings of Thomas and
Edward finks.* — Morning Chronicle.

“ Every lover of the sublime and picturesque, be he a
tourist or stay-at-home traveller, will thank Miss Costello
for this delightful pocket quarto ; it is, Irom first to last,
a pleasant narrative, interspersed with just enough anti-
quarianism to prevent the reader being misled ; a poetic
appreciation of the celebrated localities in his route ; and
very charming descriptions of its most sublime scenes
and objects. The pages are crowded with attractions
and associations of the higher class of thought. Mean-
while, in the work before us, authoress and artist have
worked in a kindred spirit. It is illustrated with sixteen
admirable lithographic sketches, and some fifty exquisite
vignettes on wood, the whole executed by Thomas and
Edward Gilks, from original drawings by D. H. M*
Kewan. The vignettes especially have an arlistical spirit
which is rarely attained in wood engraving.'* — The
Illustrated London News.

“ We have visited many of the places here written
of by Miss Costello, and can bear good testimony to the
excellence of her work— to its usefulness as a '* hand-
book ’ for travellers in Wales— and to the truthful
sketches it contains, literary and pictorial.* — Atlas.

“ A pleasant and lively description of the scenery and
antiquities of North Wales, indicating the picturesque
beauties, and historical and legendary associations of the
most attractive spots. The number of capital wood-cuts,
and slight but effective lithographic sketches, render it
attractive as a picture book: and the traditions and
anecdotes introduced make it readable at home.” —
Spectator.

“ Miss Costello is, indeed, a patriot, thus to devote her
talents for description to the much neglected beauties of
North Wales. Where in all F.urope can more lovely
spots be found than amongst the lakes of Cumberland,
or the mountains and falls of North Wales ? And yet jl
these gems of natural beauty are comparatively un- jj
visited.” — Pictorial Times.

” There is no cabining of the desires when so pleasant |j
a temptress as Miss Costello invites us northward to ;
look at the Eagle Tower, Caernarvon, St. Winifred's
Well, Fall of the Swallow, and we know not what be-
side. * * * Miss Costello is diligent in her

collection of legends, and paints landscapes, as all the
world knows, well — vide her picture of Bodelwyddan,
near St. Asaph’s. The book is handsomely got up, and
liberally illustrated with beautiful wood-cuts, and
spirited tinted lithographs.*— Athenceum.

“ Just such a pretty, picturesque, and flowery book,
as so inviting, varied, and sweet a subject demands. —
Literary Gazette.

“ Miss Costello has this month presented a charming
contribution to home tourists It is gratifying to find
that she has brought her exquisite sense of the pic-
turesque, and vivid appreciation of local historical
association, always simple and unpretending in their •
enunciation, to bear upon a portion of Great Britain.

* * * The work is profusely illustrated by

sketches taken on the spot, by Mr. D.’ H. M‘ Kewan,
and by wood-cuts, beautifully executed by Gilks, one
of our best wood-engravers ; and not only is it the most
inviting guide-book hitherto presented to tourists, but
the existence of so attractive a volume is likely to allure
many to become acquainted with the beauties of our
own land without going to seek for them abroad.”—
Ainsworth's Magazine.

“ Miss Costello has presented her readers with a very
delightful volume, whether we regard the lively and in-
teresting descriptions of the various natural objects and
relics of antiquity which aie under her notice, or the
pleasing and well-executed illustrations which embellish
the book.” — Gentleman's Magazine.

“ The thanks of the public are due to the author, the
artist, and the engraver, whose talents and skill have
been united to bring out this beautiful publication. * *

There are seventy illustrations, being views of all those
romantic spots which attract the admiration of the
tourist. The engravings and lithographs are admirable
specimens of the art, and are sufficient to establish the
reputation of Thomas and Edward Gilks, from whose
hands they have proceeded.”— Hood’s Magazine.

“ The book before us is a new proof of the increasing
taste for archaeology, and is well calculated to draw
popular attention not only to the beautiful scenery, but
to the interesting monuments and traditions of Wales.

It is written in a pleasing style ; and the text does no less
credit to its fair authoress, than the illustrations to her
artists and engravers.* — Journal of the British Archaeo-
logical Association.

“ Innumerable as are the illustrated works having for
their object the guidance of the tourist through the
most beautiful and picturesque scenery, their appearance
is always hailed with gratification, and generally rewarded
with liberal patronage. The work before us is entitled
to both. The pen is made to jog along in pleasant com-
panionship with thp pencil ; and, as we have them here,
two more agreeable associates it is impossible to con-
ceive. Miss Costello alludes most pleasantly to * aged
mote,’ and ‘ivy-mantled totver;' and there is an artistic
character about her descriptions which we rarely find in
such works. * * * D. H. M* Kewan re-

presents the crayon, and wields it in a manner which
argues for him a fast coming fame. * * * The

translation of rhe vignettes reflects great credit upon
Thomas and Edward Gilks, the wood-engravers, who
have caught the fervor of the artist, and followed it out in
a sympathetic and quite urimechanical spirit.” — Glasgow
Argus.

“ This volume is well got up in drawing-room attire,
and is evidently intended as an intellectual companion in
such quarters. If that spirit of pride which oueht to
animate the mind of a nation be still extant in Wales, it
must feel grateful to Miss Costello. The style is simple
and elegant. But it must be confessed that others share
with Miss Costello much of the merit of the book — these
are the artists. Whoever leads it must feel indebted
to the talents of Messrs. Gilks and M’Kewan. There
are 16 lithographic sketches, and 55 illustrations on wood
—all by these gentlemen, who have made it a perfect
panorama in miniature.” —Inverness Journal.

London : LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN AND LONGMANS.