Gulf Research Reports Volume 1, Number 6 Ocean Springs, Mississippi, U.S.A. April, 1964 Gulf Research Reports Volume 1 Issue 6 January 1964 A Bibliography of Anomalies of Fishes C.E. Dawson Gulf Coast Research Laboratory DOI: 10.18785/grr.0106.01 Follow this and additional works at: http://aquila.usm.edu/gcr O Part of the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Dawson, C. 1964. A Bibliography of Anomalies of Fishes. Gulf Research Reports 1 (6): 308-399. Retrieved from http://aquila.usm.edu/gcr/voll/iss6/ 1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf and Caribbean Research by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact Joshua.Cromwell(S)usm.edu. Gulf Research Reports Volume 1 A Number 6 Ocean Springs, Mississippi, U.S.A. April, 1964 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ANOMALIES OF FISHES By C. E. Dawson GULF COAST RESEARCH LABORATORY Ocean Springs, Mississippi — 308 — Table of Contents Introduction Page 310 Bibliography Page 311 Addendum Page 368 Taxonomic Index Page 369 Index of Anomalies Page 375 Index of Sources and Abbreviations Pa S e 378 — 309 — Introduction This bibliography was originally intended as an adjunct to the author’s current studies of anomalies in marine fish populations. A number of recent notes have shown, however, that present workers are largely unfamiliar with the rather extensive literature on fish ter- atology in respect to both particular anomalies and their previous re- cognition. in a species or other taxon. There is an evident need for a compilation of the literature and it is hoped that the present work will fulfill its purpose by facilitating current and future studies in this important area of ichthyology. Standard bibliographical and abstracting sources such as Dean’s .“Bibliography of Fishes,” “Zoological Record,” “Biological Abstracts” and the “Current Bibliography for Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries” have all been searched for applicable citations. Further entries have been obtained from Gemmill’s “Teratology of Fishes” and other re- ferences available to the writer. It is unfortunate that the included references have not all been read and abstracted but this was beyond the scope of available time and finances. In general, the bibliography is restricted to naturally occurring anomalies and literature on the experimental production of abnor- malities has been omitted. The few exceptions, particularly in the areas of wounds and regeneration, are included because of their ob- vious application to survival studies on free-living fishes. All citations are given equal status in that no attempt has been made to indicate relative importance of individual contributions. It is doubtful whether any bibliography may be considered complete but it is felt that liter- ature dealing directly with abnormalities has been fairly well covered. The major omissions may be expected in papers of Russian, Baltic and Scandinavian origin as well as in references to teratological ma- terial included in studies of a more general nature, and not listed in the titles. In this respect, it is requested that errors of ommission and commission be brought to the writer’s attention. Authors of pertinent subject material are requested to forward reprints so that a continu- ing file on anomalous fishes may be maintained at this Laboratory. Abbreviations and complete titles of literature sources have large- ly been compiled from the “World List of Scientific Periodicals” and the “World List of Periodicals for Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries.” The full title or place of publication have not been obtained for a few journals and these are identified only by the information available to the writer. Acknowledgement is made to Saburo Nishimura, Japan Sea Re- gional Fisheries Research Laboratory, Niigata, Japan, for his valuable assistance in providing information on Japanese titles and sources. 310 — Bibliography 1. Aboim, A. N. 1938. Quelques anomalies morphologiques et de coloration chez une Sole ( Solea senegalensis Kaup). Bull. Soc.portug.Sci.nat. 13(2):3-6, 2 pis. 2. 1939. Quelques anomalies morphologiques et pigment- air es chez des Soleides ( Solea vulgaris Quens. et S. senegalensis Kaup). Bull.Soc.portug.Sci.nat. 13(10):47-51, 2 pis. 3. Aitken, W. W. 1937. Albinism in Icfalurus puncfatus. Copeia 1937(1):64. 4. 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J.Elisha Mitchell sci.Soc. 54:205- 233, 4 figs., 3 pis. 320. 1941. A totally ambicolorate flounder, Platichthys stell- atus f from Alaskan waters. Copeia 1941(l):28-30. 321. 1945. Reversal in the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus: the three known cases. Science 102(2661): 672-673. 322. 1946a. Unusual finny heads and faces. Nature Mag. 39:317-319, 330, 13 figs. 323. 1946b. An albino rusty dab, Limanda ferruginea , with notes bn other abnormalities in flatfishes. J.Elisha Mit- chell sci.Soc. 62(l):73-76, fig. 324. and Firth, F. E. 1935. An almost totally ambicolorate halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus , with partially rotated eye and hooked dorsal fin — the only known specimen. Amer. Mus.Novit. 811:1-7, 2 figs. 325. 1936. Three partially ambicolorate four-spotted flound- ers, Paralichthys oblongus , two each with a hooked dorsal fin and a partially rotated eye. Amer.Mus.Novit. 885:1-9, 6 figs. 326. 1937. Two reversed partially ambicolorate halibuts, Hippoglossus hippoglossus . Amer.Mus.Novit. 925:1-10, 5 figs. 327. Guerra, M. 1957. Monstruosita d’origine traumatica in una trota (Salmo fario). Natura, Milano 48:143, fig. 328. Gunter, G. 1941. A rare abnormality, a fish with reversed scales. Copeia 1941(3):176. 329. 1943a. A “dumpy” croaker, Micropogon undulatus (Lin- naeus), and its significance with respect to rapid species change. Copeia 1943(l):52-53, fig. 330. 1943b. A colorless southern flounder, Paralichthys letho - stigma Jordan and Gilbert from Texas. Copeia 1943(4): 254-255, 2 figs. — 328 — 331. 1945a. Another redfish, Sciaenops ocelfatus (Linnaeus) with reversed scales. Copeia 1945(1):55, fig. 332. 1945b. Studies on the marine fishes of Texas. Publ.Inst. Mar.Sci.XJniv.Texas 1(1):1-190. 333. 1948. A discussion of abnormal scale patterns in fishes, with notice of another specimen with reversed scales. Copeia 1948(4):280-285. 334. 1956. 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Hanko, B. 1922a. Csiki Erno allattani kutatasai Albania ban (Explorationes zoologicae ab E. Csiki in Albania practae) I. Fische. Balkan-Kutat.Tud.Eredm. 1: 6 pp., pi. 344. 1922b. Torzfejii halak a Magyar Nemzeti Museum halgyiijtemenebol. (tJber monstrose Fischkopfe aus der Sammlung des Ung. National Museums). Allatt Kozlem. 21:11-17, 10 figs. 345. Hansen, D. F. 1940. A case of extreme curvature of regenerat- ing fin rays. Trans.Ill.Acad.Sci. 33(2):211-212, 2 figs. 346. and Shoemaker, H. H. 1943. Pigment deficiency in the carp and the carpsucker. Copeia 1943(1):54. 347. Harabath, R. 1928. tiber die Heilung von Schnittwundung der Haut bei Fischen. Arch.Path.Anat., Berlin 268:794-815, 7 figs. 348. Hardenberg, J. D. F. 1935. Miscellaneous notes on India fishes I-IV. Natuurk.Tijdschr.Ned.-Ind. 95:49-57, fig. 329 — 349. Hardouin, R. 1933. Anomalies teratologiques chez des poissons Cyprinides. Bull.Soc.Sci.nat.med.Seine-et-Oise 1(506):60- 61, 2 figs. 350. Harper, W. F. 1933. Supernumary pectoral fins in Raja circular is Loudon. Proc.roy.Soc.Edinb.(B) 53(l):26-30, 2 figs. 351. Haskins, C. P. and Haskins, E. F. 1948. Albinism, a semi-lethal autosomal mutation in Lebistes reticulatus. Heredity 2:251- 262, pi. 352. Hazzard, A. S. 1943. Record of an “albino” lake trout, Crisfivomer namaycush namaycush (Walbaum). Copeia 1943(4):253. 353. Hefford, A. E. 1908a. Note on a hermaphrodite cod ( Gadus morr- bua). J.Mar.biol.Ass.U.K. 8(3):315-317, fig. 354. 1908b. Note on a conger with abnormal gonad. J.Mar. biol.Ass.U.K. 8:318-319, fig. 355. Heincke, F. 1892. Variabilitat und Bastardbildung bei Cyprino- iden. in Festschrift zum siebenzigsten Geburtstage R. Leuckarts, p. 64-73, figs., pis., Berlin. 356. Heldt, H. 1948a. Sur des cas curieux de malformations d’ovaries chez Mugil cephalus Cuvier. Bull.Soc.Sci.nat.Tunis 1:34-35, 4 figs. 357. 1948b. Contribution a l’etude de la biologie des lacs tunisiens. Bull.Sta.oceanogr.Salambo 41:1-35, 20 figs. 358. Herald, E. S. 1953. The 1952 shark derbies at Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay and at Coyote Point, San Francisco Bay. Calif. Fish Game 39:237-243, 3 figs. 359. Herbst, H. O. 1957. Bauchflossenlose Hechte. Gewass.u.Abwass. 8:77, fig. 360. Herdman, W. A., Scott, A. and Johnstone, J. 1905. Report on the investigations carried on during 1904 in connection with the Lancashire Sea-Fisheries Laboratory at the Uni- versity of Liverpool, and the Sea-Fish Hatchery at Piel, near Barrow. Rep.Lancs.Sea-Fish.Lab. 1904:1-128, figs., pis,, also Proc.Lpool.biol.Soc. 19:181-304. 361. Herrick, F. H. 1885. An abnormal black bass. Science 6:243-244. 362. Heuscher, T. 1911. Ein Karpfenmopskopf. Schweiz.Fischztg. 19:262-265, 2 figs. 363. Hikita, T. 1955a. Hermaphroditic individual of Theragra chal- co gramma (Pallas). Collect.&Breed. 17:247, 2 figs. 364. 1955b. (Anomalies found in Limanda schrenki ). Kagaku 25:428-429. 365. 1958. Occurrence of the mottled dog-salmon, Oncorhyn- chus keta (Walbaum). 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Ann.Mag.nat.Hist. 11:241-242. 991. Woodward, H. 1908. Malformed plaice. Proc.zool.Soc.Lond. 1908:161-164, 2 figs. 992. Woolner, F. and Lyman, H. 1954. The complete book of striped bass fishing. A.S.Barnes & Co., N. Y., xii+242 pp. 993. Wu, H. W. 1932. Contribution a Tetude morphologique, biologi- que et systematique des poissons heterosomes de la Chine. Thesis, Paris. 994. 1939. Teratological notes on some Chinese fishes. Si- nensia 10:269-272. 995. Wunder, W. 1931. Erbliche Fehler beim Karpfen. Verh.dtsch. zool.Ges. 34:301-302. 996. 1936. Merkwurdige Ausheilung von verletzungen beim Karpfen. Arch.EntwMech.Org. 134:551-561, 5 figs. 997. 1938. Versuche iiber die Ausheilung von Verletzungen beim Karpfen (Cypnnus corp/o). Arch.EntwMech.Org. 137: 540-559. 998 1939. Die “Hungerform” und die “Mastform” des Kar- pfen (Cyprinus carpi o L.). Z.Morph.Okol.Tiere 35(4):594-614. 999. 1947. Wirbelsaulenverkiirzung beim Karpfen, eine of- fenbar erbliche Erscheinung. Z.Naturf.(B) 2:239-243, 9 figs. 1000. 1949. Wirbelsaulenverkiirzung als Rassebildendes merkmal beim Aischgriinder Karpfen. Arch.EntwMech. Org. 144:1-24, 18 figs. 365 — 1001. 1950. Doppelbildung der Riickenflosse der Bauchflos- sen und der Gallenblase nach einer Schnittverletzung beim Karpfen. Arch.EntwMech.Org. 144:358-363, 3 figs. 1002. 1952. Ungewohnliche Verletzungen bei Karpfen und ihre Verheilung. Verh.dtsch.zool.Ges. 1951:109-130, 19 figs. 1003. 1956. Beeinflussing der Ausbildung der Wirbelsaule durch mechanischem Reiz beim Karpfen (Cyprinus carpio L.). Verh.dtsch.zool.Ges. 1955:256-274, 22 figs. 1004. 1957, Ungewohnliche Veranderungen an der Wirbel- saule des Karpfens, ihre Einwirkung auf Korperform und Wachstum der Fische. Zool.Anz 158:1-11, 8 figs. 1005. 1960a. Missbildungen bei kleinen Hechten. Fischwirt 10(2):35-40. 1006. 1960b. Verkummerungserscheinungen bei Karpfen- brut. Fischwirt 10(3):71-76. 1007. Wundsch, H. H. 1913. Ein viersommriger Karpfen mit fast vollstandigen Mundverschluss. Z.Fisch. 14:128-135, pi. 1008. Wyman, J. 1851. On two malformed cod’s skulls. Proc.Boston Soc.nat.Hist. 3:178-179. 1009. Yamada, T. 1940. On the malformation of Plecoglossus altivelis T.&S. from the Yoichi River, Hokkaido. Bull.Jap.Soc. sci.Fish. 8:355-356, fig. 1010. Yamagouchi, M. 1955. (Anomalies found in Paralichthys olivaceous and Platichthys stellatus ). Collect. &Breed. 17:244. 1011. 1956. (On an ambicolorate Paralichthys olivaceous). Rep. Akita Pref.Fish.exper.Sta. 1954:93-94. 1012. Yanada, T., Watanabe, H., Kobayashi, H. and Umemura, J. 1958. Notes on the variation found in fishes (5). Collect.&Breed. 20:375-377, 3 figs. 1013. Yarrell, W. 1841. A history of British fishes. 2nd.edn., London, 2 vols. 1014. Ying-Tien, W. and Min-Hsin, L. 1957. Observations on abnorm- al brains in the dogfish, Musfelus manzo Bleeker. Acta zool.sin. 9(4):277-281. 1015. Yung, E. J. J. 1901. Note sur un cas de monstruosite de la tete chez une truite. Rev.suisse Zool. 9:307-313, 315-323, pi. 1016. 1914. Deux cas teratologiques. Arch.Sci.phys.nat. Geneve 37(4):76-77. 1017. Zanandrea, G. 1953. Note sulla ecologia e distribuzione in Italia della Lampredo di ruscello (Lampe fra planeri Bloch). Boll. Pesca Piscie.Idrobiol. 8:252-269. 1018. Zirpolo, G. 1942. Xantocroismo e metacromatismo in Hippo- campus gutfulatus. Boll.Soc.Nat.Napoli 52:11-19, 2 figs. — 366 — 1019. Zschiesche, A. 1910. Eizellen in der Haut von Macropoden. ZooLAnz. 36:294-298. 1020. Zur Miihlen, M. 1911. Ein Wels-albino. Allg.FischZtg. 26:517- 518. — 367 Addenda Al. Anthony, R. and Salmon, J. 1901. La pygomelie, son interpreta- tion, sa place dans la classification teratologique, ses dif- ferents degres. C.R.Soc.Biol., Paris 53:135-136. A2. Akasaki, M. 1963. (A pug-headed Evynnis japonioa). Collect.& Breed. 25(5):26-27, 2 figs. A3. Hikita, T. 1954. An aberrant form of the dog-salmon with ab- normal scales. Jap.J.Ichthyol. 4:133-135, 4 figs. A4. 1958. Some examples of hermaphroditic gonad found in a Alaska pollack, Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas). Jap. J.Ichthyol. 7:77-81, 2 figs. A5. Jackson, R. G. 1953. Trout with two dorsal fins. Fish.Gaz.,Lond. 135:1062. A6, Kurata, Y. 1963. (Anomalies in marine fishes). Collect.&Breed. 25(5):43, 2 figs. A7. Miclea, C. 1948. Anomalie dans la morphologie et dans la struc- ture des lamelles branchiales chez Crenilabrus oci flatus. Bul.Soc.Sti.Cluj. 9:573-577, 3 figs. A8. Schreiter, T. 1959. Eine aussergewohnliche Wirbelsaulenverkriip- pelung bei einem Karpfen. Dtsch.Fisch.-Ztg. 6:244-246. A9. Ubisch, L. 1950. Om abnorm fargete og inverse flatfisk. Naturen. A10. Aubry, P. V. 1960. Anomalias entre los peces. Puntal 7(75): 14-15. All. Chabanaud, P. 1958. fitude d’une sole affectee d’une anomalie pigmentaire apparemment consecutive a un traumatisme. Bull.Soc.zool.Fr. 82:326-330. A12. Gard, R. 1960. The survival of a brook trout with two mutilated gill arches. Progr.Fish. Cult. 22(3):108. A13. Moe, M. A., Jr. 1963. Partial albinism in a xanthic specimen of Epinephelus mono (Valenciennes) from the Gulf of Mex- ico. Copeia 1963(4):703. A14. French, R. R. 1960. Rainbow trouts, Salm o gairdneri, with anom- alous caudal and pelvic fins. Copeia 1960(3):247-248, fig. A15. Ramamohana Rao, V. 1963. A note on a hermaphroditic gonad in the Indian mackerel Rastrelliger canagurta (Curvier). J.Mar.biohAss.India 4(l-2):241-243. A16. Steffens, W. 1961. Flossenschadingungen beim Hecht (Esox fucius). Biol.Zbl. 80(l):79-84. A17. Wunder, W. 1961. Massenhaftes Auftreten von Missbildungen bei kleinen Hechten (Esox fucius L.). Zool.Anz. 166(1-2): 42-55. 368 Taxonomic Index Abramis — 483. abrama — * 15. blicca — 94. vimba — 540. Acanfhias — 242, 743, 744. vulgaris — 296, 599. Acheilognafhus — 389, 400. Acipenser — 98, 293, 813, 845. guldenstaedfi — 414. rufhenus — 86, 437, 439, 617. stellatus — 414. sfurio — 507. A/burnus — 929. lucidus — 502. Alopias yulpes — 536. Amblypterus — 538. Ameiurus cafus — 859. nafalis — 203. nebulosus — 24, 869. Amia — 242. calva — 977. novemfasciata — 728. Amphistichus argenteus — 228. Anguilla — 189, 396, 397, 553, 555, 620, 651, 655, 656, 700, 701, 707, 766, 885, 922, 929, 941, 942. australis — 477. vulgaris — 71, 658. Anoptichthys fordani — 91. Aoria gulio — 635. Aplodinotus grunniens — 287. Argyropelecus hemigymnus — 871. Arius jella — 337. Astatotilapia strigigena — 839. Asterolepis — 295. Astroscopus y-graecum — 169. Afherina presbyter — 836. Atherinidae — 114, 976. Bairdiella chrysura — 305. icistius — 962. Barbus — 555, 798. conchonius — 916. plebejus — 219. ticto — 13. vulgaris — * 825. Brachirus mue fieri — 122. pan — 455. Brevoorfia pafronus — 335. Carassius — 10, 47, 92, 129, 462, 478, 479, 480, 571, 886, 929, 964. auratus — 340, 380, 382, 406, 420, 497, 501, 506, 617, 647. gibelio — 638. Carcharias — 9. Carcharinus — 616. Carp (see also Cyprinus) — 11, 21, - 34, 51, 182, 217, 264, 282, 285, 289, 298, 346, 362, 375, 376, 551, 580, 590, 592, 684, 732, 782, 810, 811, 873, 908, 918, 919, 995, 996, 999, 1000, 1004, 1006, 1007. Carpiodes carpio — 345, 346. Caspialosa pontica — 575. Catla catla — 472, 529. Catostomus — 539. luxafus — 87. Centrarchidae — 448. Cenfrolophus pompilus — 776. Cephaleutberus — 272. maculafus — 756. Cetorhinus maximus — 911. Chaetodipterus faber — 335. Chaetodontidae — 764. Chancr argus — 947. Ch/maera monstrosa — 142. 369 — Chlamydoselachus anguineus — 141. Chondrostoma — 717. nasus — 894. Cirrhina mrigala — 472, 807. Clarias anguillaris — 693. bafrachus — 394. Cleisfhenes pinetorum — 664. Clupea — 85, 481. harengus — 232, 574, 804, 857, 858, 870, 958. pallasii — 602. pilcbardus — 44, 45, 555. Cobifis — 715. barcatula — 558. fossilis — 269. Coffer-fish — 678. Conger — 354. vulgaris — 860. Coregonidae — 915. Coregonus — 530. clupeoides — 263. Co ryphaena hippurus — 556. Cot tus bubalis — 174. scorpius — 672. Crenilabrus — 242. occilatus — A7. Crisfivomer namaycusb — 352. Cynoglossidae — 125. Cynoscion xanthulus — 962. Cyprinidae — 349. Cyprinodon — 20. Cyprinus — 5, 29, 187, 211, 221, 261, 341, 355, 434, 440, 490, 528, 555, 576, 676, 687, 847, 877, 929, 1001, 1002, A8. carpio — 70, 112, 184, 225, 340, 346, 469, 526, 603, 645, 763, 792, 997, 998, 1003. Dasyatis hastatus — 304. Deuferodon — 939. Dexistes rikuzenius — 664. Dogfish — 75, 522, 632, 633. Dorosoma — 410. Drepanopsetta platessoides — 512, 621. Eel — 428, 492, 754, 825, 842. Engraulis mordax — 581. Engyopbrys — 456. Eopsetta grigorjewi — 421, 422. Epinephelus mono — A13. Eptatretus stoutii — 446. Esox — 242, 359, 374, 484, 543, 544, 687, 959, 1005. americanus — • 154. lucius — 61, 96, 112, 391, 739, 927, A16, A17. Etheostoma — 625. caprodes — 624. nigrum — 624. oligocepbalus — 31. Eulepforhamphus — 973. Evynnis japonica — A2. Felichthys fells — 132. Flatfish — 36, 46, 48, 72, 121, 159, 196, 311, 381, 659, 667, 668, 669, 726, 879, 890, 961, A9. Flounder — 360, 450, 843, 921, 938. Fundulus — 130. heferoclitus — 369, 630, 680. Gadus — 68, 216, 688, 706, 803, 890, 930, 984, 1008. aeglefinus — 857, 929, 981. callarias — 405, 980. luscus — 233, 864. merlangus — 552, 784. minufus — 651. morrhua — 202, 353, 402, 552, 584. Galeorhinus australis — 774. Galeus galeus — 366. Gambusia — 917. affinis — 410. Gasterosteus ac uleatus — 822. pungitius — 170. — 370 — Gila atraria — 447. Girardinus caudimaculafus — 209. Girella — 975. Glaridichfhys caudimaculafus — 696. Glyptocephalus cynoglossus — 64. Gobiidae — 417. Gobius — 702. ophiocephalus — 651. Gymnotus — 242. Haemulon plumieri — 306. Heniochus — 115. Heptanchus maculafus — 167. Heteropneustes fossilis — 925. Hexagrammus stelleri — 737. Hieroptera abredonensis — 226,272. Hippocampus erectus — 335. guffulafus — 1018. Hippoglossina oblonga — 564. Hippoglossoides dubius — 384, 664. platessoides — 30, 64. Hippoglossus hippoglossus — 64, 324, 326. Hypoprion — 616. Ictalurus catus — 609. melas — 595. puncfafus — 3, 619. Katsuwonus pelamys — 438. Kareius bicoloratus — 516, 517, 585, 683, 903, 905. Labe o rohifa — 467, 639. Labrax — 26. lupus — 214, 599, 651. Lagodon rhomboides — 111. Lampetra aepypfera — 134. planeri — 1017. Lebisfes reticulatus — 283, 351, 785, 787, 819, 828, 883. Lepidopsetfa bilineata — 318. Lepidosiren — 95, 274. Lepidosfeus — 978. Lepisosteus osseus — 276. plafyrhynchus — - 724. Leucaspius delineatus — 490. Leuciscus — 242, 244. aula — 112. c avedanus — 112. dobula — 582. idus — 617. rufilus — 200, 245, 266, 291. Lichia amia — 698. Limanda — 613. ferruginea — 310, 323. schrenki — 364. yokohamae — 516, 906. Limandella yokohamae — 408. Limia nigrofasciata — 826. Lophius piscaforius — 944, 984. Lota vulgaris — 444, 560, 821. Luctoperca — 914. Lumpenus lampefriformis — 202, 552, 697. Macrones gulio — 729. Macropodus — 281, 833, 1019. opercularis — 165, 279. Mallofus villosus — 649. Melanogrammus aeglefinus — 297, 303, 741, 957. Menficirrhus americanus — 853. Merlangus m erlang us — 734. Merluccius merluccius — 253. vulgaris — 651. Micropogon furnieri — 691. opercularis — 569. undulatus — 88, 329, 357. Micropferus — 7, 361, 846. Microsfomus pacificus — 601. Mf'sgurnus anguillicaudatus — 471, 495, 498, 586, 840, 898, 1012. Mollienesia latipinna — 832. 371 — Molva — 146, 516. Mormyrus — 242. Morr/iua punctata — 199. vulgaris — 137, 199, 854, 855, 856. Motella fusca - — 442. Mugil — 430. cap/fo — 112, 651. c ephalus — 356, 962. chela — 629, 651, 681, 682. Mullus — 242. barbatus — 599. surmuletus — 730. Muraenesox dnereus — 399. Musc/ien/a — 735. Mustelus — 50. manzo — 1014. Myliobafis — 673. aquila — 166, 954. nocfu/a — 695. Mystus — 806, Myxine — 172, 403. Nemachilus barbafulus — 35, 238, 829. Netfasfoma melanura — 931. Notorhynchus — 358. Oncorhynchus gorbuscha — 690. keta — 342, 365, 383, 385, 473, 808, 951. kisufch — 127, 152. nerka — 468. tshawytscha — 796. Oryzias latipes — 661, 677. Oxynotus c entrina — 234. Pagellus centrodonfus — 179. curtis — 179. erythrinus — 597. Paralichthys albigufta — 967. californicus — 608, 725. denfatus — 168, 183, 310, 312, 411, 623, 710, 888. lethostigma — 286, 313, 330. oblongus — 64, 325. olivaceus — 381, 664, 689, 905, 1010 , 1011 . o rbignyanus — 126. Paramyxine aiami — 388. Parapristipoma mediferraneum — 109. Parasilurus asotus — 466. Pelicus cultratus — 618. Perea — 28, 171, 201, 227, 230, 400, 404, 555, 718, 719, 923. fluviatilis — 249, 433, 722, 823, 891. Petromyzon planeri — 38, 57, 67, 218, 403, 788. Phoxinus laevis — 185, 215, 242, 825. Plafessa oblonga — 887. vulgaris — 284, 670. Platichthys flesus — 861. sfellatus — 320, 905, 906, 1010. Platyglossus nofopis — 337. Plecoglossus altivelis — 387, 430, 494, 1009. Pleuronectidae — 69, 163, 175, 176, 177, 190, 247, 271, 606, 646, 653, 654, 657, 817, 876, 946, 948, 949. Pleuronectes flesus — 17, 163, 188, 191, 192, 207, 284, 546, 606, 874. italicus — 650, 651, 652, 659, 943. limanda — 207, 606, 952. maximus — 812. microcephalus — 545. pinnifasciatus — 815. plafessa — 16, 17, 46, 80, 158, 163, 181, 191, 192, 240, 449, 545, 546, 596, 606, 607, 765, 800, 938, 961, 991. Pleuronichthys cornutus — 905. Poeciliopsis prolifica — 930. Pogonias cro mis — 950. Polypferus — 242. congicus — 79. — 372 Pomoxis nigro-maculafus — 769. Proteracanfhus sarissophorus — 712. Propferygia hypostica — 272, 685, 686 . Proiopsetta herzensfeini — 423, 470. Protopferus — 68, 521, 535. annecfens — 4, 77, 199, 392. Pseudocheilinus hexafaenia — 367. Pseudopleuronecfes americanus — 14, 66, 90, 105, 205, 309, 321, 612, 709. Pseudorasbora parva — 674. Pseudorhombus cinnamomeus — 463. penfophfhalmus — 464. Pteraspis leafhensis — 966. Ptychochromis — 716. Pungifius — 73. Raja - 262, 525, 627, 637, 703, 983. alba — 166. asterias — 106, 627. batis — 772. brachyura — 532, 545. clavafa - 171, 262, 401, 593, 818, 868, 934, 936, 953, 979, 1013. erinacea — 852. laevis — 835. macrorhynchus — 713, 805. marginata — 12. microcellata — 231. punctata — 459. punctulata — 627. rhina — 41. stabuliforis — 307, 752. Rastrelliger canagurta — A15. kanagurafa — 445. Ray — 12, 47, 128, 264, 272, 308, 450, 452, 460, 533, 563, 756, 777. Rhinoplagusia japonka — 663. Rhinopfera — 989. bonasus — 457. Rhodeus — 389, 844, 898. amarus — 827, 851. Rhombosolea millari — 18. tapirina — 412, 413. Rhombus laevis — 46, 48, 163, 454. maximus — 33, 161, 162, 183, 207, 268, 604, 606, 740, 777, 779, 780, 799, 800, 961. vulgaris — 222. Roccus lineafus — 302, 565, 577, 578, 797, 896, 992. Rynchobatis djiddensis — 561. Salmo - 50, 426, 427, 431, 482, 518, 759, 893, 1015. dark} — 55, 138, 149, 171. fario - 149, 171, 220, 300, 327, 376, 484, 537, 555, 622, 699, 708, 749, 793, 841, 878, 882. fontinalis — 299. gairdneri — 270, 594, 665, 789, 965. irideus — 587, 600, 913, 956. lacustris — 783. sa/ar — 615, 899. salvelinus — 484. trutta — 56. Salmon — 99, 131, 424, 505, 554, 912, 986, A3. Salmonidae — 25, 37, 43, 52, 148, 171, 251, 273, 336, 376, 509, 542, 548, 555, 572, 631, 694, 746, 824, 838, 882, 909, 932, 933, 935, 937, 988, 1013. Sarc/fna pilchardus — 101, 102. Sardine — 534, 545. Sardinops — 549, 727. Sargus annularis — 599. rondelefii — 443. vulgaris — 658. Scardinius eryfhropthalmus — 127. Sc/aena co/for — 626. Sciaenidae — 117, 118, 119, 120. Sciaenops ocellata — ■ 328, 331, 334, 963. Sclerognafhus urus — 531. $co//ocfon — 616. Scomber — 715. japonicus — 902. scomber — 574, 878. — 373 Scopthalmus maeoiicus — 27. Scorpaenidae — 81. Scyliorhinus caniculus — 22. Scyllium — 458, 867. c anicula — 74, 632, 633, 634. catulus — 523, 524. Sebasies dactylopfera — 441. Selachian — 246, 484, 746, 814. Selaroides leptolepis — 907. Shark — 23, 47, 58, 178, 316, 547, 970, 972. Siluridae — 720. Silurus — 791, 1020. g/ an ; s — 436, 438, 503, 955. Siphonostoma fyphle — 195. Solea — 123, 525, 555, 849. lascaris — 155, 156. senegalensis — 1, 2. solea — 926. vulgaris— 2, 112, 213, 378, 379, 404, 652, 801. Sparus — 984. cenfrodonfus — 252. mormyrus — 643. Spinachia vulgaris — 231. Squalus acanfhias — 6, 76, 130, 206, 639, 733, 753. blainvillei — 110. cavedanus — 527. fernandinus — 73. Symbranchus — 185. Symphurus — 124. plagiusa — 168. Synaptura commersionana — 660. Syngnathidae — 193, 573. Syngnathus floridae — 108. Tanakius kiiabarai — 408, 664. Tarpon atlanticus — 315, 317. Tberagra chalcogramma — 363, 386, A4. Tinea — 53, 54, 242. vulgaris — 65, 112, 1016. Torpedo — 139, 186, 848. marmorata — 954. nobiliana — 692. Trachyurus japonicus — 398. irachyurus — 545. tribolodon — 419. hakonensis — 470. Trichiurus haumela — 63. lepfurus — 332, 435. Trigh — 242, 452, 520. gurnardus — 173, 453. hirundo — 599, 705. lyra — 545. Trinecfes maculafus — 168, 373, 770. Trout — 8, 93, 103, 113, 136, 143, 145, 151, 212, 241, 256, 259, 270, 292, 319, 509, 559, 566, 567, 568, 610, 642, 708, 723, 731, 778, 789, 841, 900, 920, 932, 933, 935, 1015, A5, A12. Trygon pastinaca — 223. Trygonorhina fasciata — 368. Tuna — 235, 432. Verasper — 993. variegatus — 408, 517. Wallago • — 807. Ziphophorus — 135, 280, 786. helleri — 828. Zebrias — 902. Zeus faber — 872. Zoarces viviparus — 377. 374 — Index of Anomalies Abnormal coloration — 1, 18, 36, 46, 53, 56, 86, 109, 158, 177, 228, 385, 470, 477, 495, 498, 525, 575, 605, 641, 670, 675, 724, 741, 764, 768, 817, 823, 824, 842, 843, 860, 861, 867, 891, 901, 944, 946, 961, A9, All. Albinism— 1, 2, 3, 8, 16, 24, 52, 54, 62, 64, 86, 90, 134, 165, 168, 169, 172, 197, 205, 241, 247, 253, 254, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 315, 317, 323, 330, 338, 346, 351, 352, 358, 364, 365, 373, 394, 446, 457, 463, 492, 503, 510, 546, 549, 564, 571, 608, 609, 619, 669, 674, 693, 723, 727, 754, 800, 802, 812, 825, 828, 833, 837, 893, 903, 905, 906, 926, 936, 1020, A13. Ambicoloration — 1, 2, 16, 27, 46, 48, 64, 105, 155, 156, 158, 159, 160, 163, 168, 183, 205, 207, 222, 239, 268, 286, 309, 310, 312, 313, 320, 323, 324, 325, 326, 364, 378, 379, 384, 409, 411, 422, 454, 455, 456, 464, 476, 516, 517, 545, 585, 606, 608, 623, 646, 652, 657, 664, 668, 683, 710, 725, 740, 770, 777, 779, 780, 781, 799, 815, 817, 849, 876, 879, 887, 888, 889, 905, 906, 928, 948, 949, 952, 961, 967, 1011. Anal fin, etc.— 15, 144, 441, 449, 472, 871, 886, 907, 962, 964. Barbels— 203, 420, 791, 898. Blindness (see also: eye) — 29, 225, 334, 595, 640, 795, 963. Body (misc.)— 9, 11, 57, 95, 295, 329, 408, 435, 438, 700, 755, 976, 983. Caudal fin, etc.— 38, 59, 61, 80, 89, 121, 128, 133, 135, 144, 193, 221, 233, 296, 304, 332, 335, 340, 374, 376, 388, 397, 432, 442, 480, 534, 538, 573, 598, 607, 610, 628, 671, 678„ 687, 708, 709, 807, 851, 882, 908, 920, 931, 932, 933, 935, 964, 978, A14. Cyclopia (see also: eye) — 58, 130, 187, 255, 258, 260, 273, 428, 543, 880, 929. Dorsal fin, etc. — 138, 154, 200, 201, 213, 266, 296, 389, 684, 687, 810, 818, 841, 899, 962, 965, A5. Eye— 1, 2, 10, 34, 70, 87, 123, 131, 189, 196, 212, 259, 292, 294, 297, 303, 324, 325, 367, 378, 380, 382, 385, 389, 470, 504, 506, 555, 570, 613, 615, 620, 652, 659, 695, 696, 784, 799, 803, 826, 850, 852, 863, 896, 897, 913, 916, 924, 957, 962, 965, 984, 1015. Fins (misc.)— 47, 65, 107, 112, 192, 261, 289, 296, 345, 393, 410, 425, 561, 580, 712, 728, 729, 772, 914, 940, 977, 979, 990, 1016, A16. Gills, etc.— 67, 79, 83, 206, 296, 403, 460, 882, 911, 962, A7, A12. Head (misc.) — 21, 23, 26, 96, 120, 147, 187, 236, 287, 290, 322, 343, 398, 437, 443, 445, 526, 538, 548, 638, 649, 701, 713, 714, 716, 739, 767, 792, 813, 873, 896, 913, 918, 927, 962, 1008. Hump-backed (see also: verte- bral)— 43, 149, 171, 336, 376, 400, 529, 555, 572, 778, 844, 882, 962, 1013. Internal organs, fasciae, etc. — 6, 31, 139, 140, 167, 230, 243, 283, 387, 401, 448, 505, 515, 536, 550, 559, 567, 568, 633, 639, 661, 703, 711, 743, 744, 759, 766, 774, 776, 816, 835, 900, 1001, 1014. 375 — Lateral line, etc. — 439, 502, 698, 737, 738, 962. Melanism— 13, 20, 208, 215, 276, 336, 395, 405, 486, 487, 489, 704, 829, 847, 1017. Metachromism— 650, 653, 654, 656, 659, 941, 943, 945, 1018. Mouth, jaws, etc. — 91, 93, 112, 142, 173, 184, 187, 189, 211, 217, 252, 261, 288, 301, 375, 391, 453, 531, 533, 539, 554, 555, 717, 811, 877, 962, 971, 1007, 1015. Opercle, etc.— 79, 171, 227, 376, 406, 555, 622, 647, 912, 962. Pectoral fin, etc. — 4, 12, 68, 77, 106, 166, 171, 180, 185, 210, 223, 226, 262, 264, 271, 272, 274, 307, 368, 392, 414, 436, 450, 452, 460, 521, 545, 561, 563, 600, 627, 637, 665, 685, 686, 695, 713, 752, 756, 771, 772, 953, 954, 1013. Pelvic fins, etc. — 94, 127, 170, 174, 185, 192, 203, 215, 263, 359, 472, 507, 527, 581, 582, 594, 597, 651, 919, 955, 973, 1001, A14. Piebald— 18, 229, 468, 690. Polychromism — 172. Pug-head, etc.— 5, 26, 70, 100, 112, 113, 145, 164, 187, 202, 214, 216, 242, 273, 285, 298, 300, 302, 306, 318, 341, 361, 362, 374, 399, 440, 483, 488, 490, 511, 540, 545, 551, 552, 555, 561, 565, 577, 578, 599, 635, 645, 651, 672, 679, 687, 697, 705, 706, 718, 719, 721, 722, 724, 742, 745, 749, 763, 782, 797, 836, 875, 877, 896, 929, 930, 947, 959, 962, 974, 986, 992, A2. Regeneration — 59, 133, 294, 521, 535, 598, 628, 630, 671, 791, 816. Reversal — 14, 16, 17, 30, 66, 69, 75, 124, 161, 162, 183, 188, 190, 191, 196, 213, 284, 311, 312, 321, 324, 381, 408, 412, 413, 421, 464, 512, 596, 612, 621, 662, 669, 689, 779, 801, 874, 905, 921, 928, 938, 948, 967, A9. Round-headed — 202, 264, 305, 929. Scales, etc. — 19, 44, 45, 78, 168, 328, 331, 333, 360, 396, 407, 417, 451, 462, 481, 555, 569, 626, 911, 1019, A3. Sex organs, hermaphroditism, etc.— 22, 55, 74, 88, 122, 152, 245, 270, 293, 339, 353, 355, 356, 363, 390, 402, 426, 430, 433, 434, 444, 465, 473, 478, 479, 509, 519, 524, 558, 560, 571, 574, 583, 584, 590, 591, 592, 593, 632, 644, 677, 681, 691, 789, 796, 804, 808, 814, 821, 822, 854, 856, 857, 858, 870, 878, 902, 951, 958, 980, A4, A15. Teeth, etc.— 47, 141, 171, 296, 308, 316, 366, 673, 989. Triple monsters — 484, 543, 559, 566, 783. Twins, double monsters, etc. — 23, 25, 28, 37, 49, 50, 73, 76, 82, 103, 108, 110, 130, 132, 143, 148, 186, 209, 246, 251, 256, 257, 259, 260, 275, 299, 319, 369, 370, 383, 389, 461, 469, 482, 484, 505, 528, 537, 541, 542, 543, 544, 547, 562, 566, 567, 568, 574, 611, 614, 631, 680, 694, 746, 747, 748, 749, 753, 761, 793, 819, 820, 832, 838, 839, 853, 862, 881, 884, 900, 909, 917, 960, 969, 970, 972, 988. Vertebral— 31, 40, 61, 63, 85, 97, 103, 112, 114, 117, 118, 119, 121, 136, 137, 146, 151, 168, 181, 199, 203, 214, 218, 219, 220, 232, 242, 244, 259, 260, — 376 269, 291, 329, 371, 377, 389, 404, 410, 415, 416, 418, 423, 424, 427, 429, 447, 475, 500, 501, 508, 520, 530, 545, 557, 576, 599, 602, 651, 676, 682, 688, 715, 720, 730, 731, 785, 786, 787, 807, 827, 830, 850, 855, 883, 885, 890, 894, 895, 914, 925, 939, 956, 962, 976, 981, 984, 993, 998, 999, 1000, 1003, 1004, Al, A8. 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