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co A HANDBOOK
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BRITISH BIRDS)

SHOWING THE

DISTRIBUTION OF THE RESIDENT AND MIGRATORY SPECIES

IN THE BRITISH ISLANDS,

WITH

AN INDEX TO THE RECORDS OF THE RARER VISITANTS.

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MEMBER OF TIE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION, ETC. ETC

TZ ORD:O'N -
JOHN VAN VOORST, PATERNOSTER ROW.

MDCCCLXXII,

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PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,

RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET,

) FLAMMAM.

INTRODUCTION.

Tost who are acquainted with the works of Bewick,
Montagu, Jardine, Selby, Macgillivray, Yarrell, and Gould,
without having made a special study of their contents, may
well be excused for doubting whether a further publication
on the subject of British Birds can be either desirable or
necessary.

Practical ornithologists, however, who may take up this
Handbook will see in it an attempt to supply a want which,
notwithstanding the admirable works above referred to, they
must have frequently experienced*; for in two important
respects, at least, do these fail to satisfy their requirements :
they do not distinguish with sufficient clearness the species
which are truly indigenous to Great Britain from those which
are but rare and accidental visitants; nor do they indicate
with sufficient authority the scientific nomenclature which
should be adopted for the species of which they take cog-
nizance.

Without attention to the first of these points, it is impos-
sible to form any thing like a correct estimate of the character
of the British avifauna; while to neglect the second is to
perpetuate error, and to render perplexing that which should
always be simple and intelligible.

* Cf. Alston, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1866, p. 452.
a2

iV INTRODUCTION.

To supply these particular necessities is the object of the
present work ; and on this account no attempt has been made
to travel beyond the limits indicated by giving descriptions
of the species or dilating upon their haunts, habits, seasonal
changes of plumage, migrations, or geographical distribution.
These and many other details may be derived from the sources
above mentioned, and will doubtless be worked out more
fully and more satisfactorily than ever in the forthcoming
new edition of Yarrell’s work, for which English naturalists
are anxiously expectant.

Under these circumstances it is hoped that this Handbook
will be regarded not in any sense as intended to rival or sup-
plant existing or forthcoming text-books on the subject, but
to assist students in a manner and to an extent which has
not been contemplated in the works referred to. The claims
of species to rank as British, the proper scientific names
which each should bear, the haditat of the rarer visitants, and
the frequency or otherwise of their occurrence are points to
which attention is almost exclusively directed in the following
pages. To obtaim accurate and reliable details upon these
poimts no labour has been spared, no source of information
neglected; and although it is not pretended that no errors
have escaped detection, yet it is believed that upon investiga-
tion these will be found to be but few and comparatively un-
important. Ina great measure this must be said to be due
to the assistance which the author has derived from his friends
and fellow workers in the field of ornithology during the
time that the work has been in progress ; and on this account
his thanks are especially due to Professor Newton, Mr. J. H.
Gurney, Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., Mr. Stevenson, and Mr.
Robert Gray, all of whom have cooperated, at no inconsider-
able expenditure of time and trouble, in replying to numerous
inquiries, and furnishing important information. It is need-

INTRODUCTION. View

less to say that through their kind assistance in revising the
details now presented to the reader, a greater accuracy has
been ensured than could possibly have been the case had the
author relied solely upon his own efforts.

The results which follow from a consideration of these
details are both curious and instructive.

When the late Mr. Yarrell, in 1856, published the third
edition of his ‘ History of British Birds, he enumerated 352
species which he considered had more or less claim to be in-
cluded in the British list. Since that time no less than 47
others have been added*, so that the total number of species
at present recognized as occurring in Great Britain should be
399; but leaving out four of those noticed by Yarrell—viz.
Cygnus olor, a domesticated species, Uria ringvia (p. 74)
and Larus capistratus (p. 175), which are mere varieties, and
Alca impennis, now believed to be extinct—the corrected total
arrived at is 395.

Of these, in round numbers, 130 are Residents, 100 Perio-
dical Migrants, and 30 Annual Visitants, the remainder being
Rare and Accidental Visitants. And here it may be well, in
order to avoid future misunderstanding, to define the terms
which have just been employed.

As Resrpents are included those species which rear their

* These are:—-Falco islandicus, Astur atricapillus, Milvus migrans,
Buteo lineatus, Nyctale acadica, Lanius minor, Muscicapa parva, Vireo-
sylvia olivacea, Turdus atrigularis, T. sibiricus, Salicaria palustris, 8.
aquatica, Regulus calendula, Motacilla cinereocapilla, Anthus spinoletta,
A. campestris, A. cervinus, A. ludovicianus, Alauda calandra, A. sibirica,
Emberiza pusilla, E. rustica, E. melanocephala, Fringilla serinus, Carpo-
dacus erythrinus, Sturnella magna, Picus medius, P. villosus, P. pubescens,
P. auratus, Cuculus erythrophthalmus, Hirundo bicolor, Cypselus cauda-
cutus, Caprimulgus ruficollis, Syrrhaptes paradoxus, Aigialitis vociferus,
Totanus solitarius, Gallinago wilsoni, Grus virgo, G. pavonina, Crex
carolina, Cygnus americanus, C. buccinator, Anser albatus, Sterna velox,
Larus ichthyaétus, and Larus melanocephalus.

val INTRODUCTION.

young annually in the British Islands, and are to be found
in some part or other of the United Kingdom throughout
the year. Of these many are partially migratory, as, for
mstance, Falco esalon, F. tinnunculus, Otus brachyotus, Turdus
musicus, T. gorquatus, Regulus cristatus, Motacilla yarrellii,
Linota cannabina, L. flavirostris, L. rufescens, Columba palum-
bus, C. enas, Charadrius pluviahs, Atgialitis hiaticula, Tringa
alpina, Scolopax rusticola, Gallinago media, and others.
Nevertheless, as specimens of all may be obtained in some
locality or other during every month in the year, they may
be regarded for all practical purposes as residents.

PeriopicaAL Micrants are those which visit us annually
and regularly at particular seasons, and whose advent and
departure may be dated in advance with considerable preci-
sion. Of these we have familiar examples in Luscinia philo-
mela, Cuculus canorus, and the Hirundines, which come here
for the summer, and Twrdus iliacus and T. pilaris, which
spend the winter with us; while others, like most of the
Tringide, perform a double migration and pass through the
country twice a year, viz. in spring and autumn.

The Annvaut Visrtants comprise those which occur in
some part of the British Islands. annually, but compa-
ratively in very limited numbers and at irregular and uncer-
tain intervals. The month in which some or one of them
may be expected may be named; but the uncertainty of their
arrival im any particular county precludes their being placed
with the Periodical Migrants. Amongst these may be men-
tioned Oriolus galbula, Regulus ignicapillus, Ampelis garrulus,,
Emberiza lapponica, Linota linaria, Pastor roseus, Upupa
epops, Coracias garrula, Merops apiaster, Recurvirostra avo-
cetta, Ciconia alba, Grus cinerea, Anas strepera, Cidemia
fusca, Sterna dougallii, and Larus minutus.

Of the Residents, which, as above mentioned, may be

INTRODUCTION. vl

reckoned at 130 or thereabouts, 13 are not found in Ireland,
and 9 are either unknown or extremely rare in Scotland.
Those excluded from Ireland are :—Sylvia undata, Sitta cesia,
Parus cristatus, Panurus biarmicus, Emberiza cirlus, Picus
viridis, P. minor, Columbia awnas, Tetrao tetrix, T. lagopus,
Perdix rufa, Crex pusilla, and C. bailloni.

Those unknown, or very rare, in Scotland are :—Sylvia un-
data, Panurus biarmicus, Sitta cesia, Parus palustris, Ein-
beriza cirlus, Picus viridis, P. minor, Crex pusilla, and Crex
bailloni.

Out of 100 Periodical Migrants, the great majority of which
come to us from the south, 10 do not reach Ireland, viz.
Lanius collurio, Muscicapa atricapilla, Salicaria arundinacea
(Linn.), S. strepera, S. luscinoides, Luscinia philomela, Sylvia
sylviella, Motacilla flava, Anthus arboreus, Jynx torquilla ;
while 8 others are of but rare occurrence there, viz. Falco
subbuteo, Ruticilla tithys, Sylvia atricapilla, S. hortensis, Phyl-
lopneuste sibilatrix, Hudromias morinellus, Aigialitis canti-
anus, and Tringa temminckii. In Scotland 10 also are never,
or very rarely, met with, viz. R. tithys, S. arundinacea (Linn.),
S. strepera, S. luscinoides, L. philomela, S. atricapilla, S. syl-
viella, Motacilla flava, Jynx torquilla, and Turtur auritus.

With regard to Annual Visitants, Ireland is not visited by
8 or 9 which find their way to England, as Regulus ignicapil-
lus, Parus cristatus, Anthus richardi, Alauda alpestris, Em-
beriza lapponica, E. hortulana, Linota linaria, and Phalaropus
hyperboreus ; while in Scotland Anthus richardi has not been
observed, and Coracias garrula and Merops apiaster are ad-
mitted to be of very rare occurrence. Ireland does not pos-
sess any characteristic birds as is the case with Scotland ; and
the only species which have been found in the sister isle and
not in England belong to the rare and accidental visitants, of
which mention will be made hereafter. In Scotland, on the

vill INTRODUCTION.

contrary, many species which are known only in England as
Periodical Migrants or Annual Visitants, nest regularly and
bring up their young there, and may thus be regarded as
peculiarly Scottish. Amongst these may be mentioned
Parus cristatus, Fringilla spinus, Linota flavirostris, Loxia
curvirostra, Corvus corax, C. cornix, Tetrao urogallus, T. la-
gopus, Eudromias morinellus, Totanus glottis, Tringa alpina,
Phalaropus hyperboreus, Numenius pheopus, Anser ferus,
Mergus merganser, Colymbus arcticus, C. septentrionalis, Les-
tris catarractes, L. parasiticus, Falmarus glacialis, and Pro-
cellaria leachii. A few of these, however, as Corvus corax
and Tringa alpina, nest regularly, though in smaller num-
bers, in England; and Lowxia curvirostra has done so oc-
easionally (vide p. 29).

The Rare and Accidental Visitants form a large proportion
of the total number of species in the British list, being 135 out
of 395, or rather more than one-third of the whole. If from
these we exclude the Terns, Gulls, and Petrels, many of
which are almost cosmopolitan in their distribution, it will be
found that of the remainder 48 are European, 14 Asiatic, 11
African, and 42 American* in their origin.

The European species are doubtless too well known to
require particular enumeration, while the proximity of the
British Islands to the European continent renders their oc-
currence here the less remarkable.

Those of Asiatic origin are :—

Muscicapa parva (3)+, Turdus varius (12), T. atrigularis
(1), @. sibiricus (1), Reguloides superciliosus (2), Alauda
sibirica (1), Carpodacus erythrinus (2), Cypselus caudacutus
(1), Syrrhaptes paradoxus (numerous examples in two dif-

* One of these, however, Ortyx virginianus, is an introduced species.
+ The figures in brackets indicate the number of times which the
species has been recorded to have occurred.

INTRODUCTION. 1X

ferent years), Otis macqueeni (1), Anser ruficollis (12),
Tadorna rutila (8), Histrionicus torquatus (7 or 8), and
Somateria stelleri (2). Of these, as might perhaps be ex-
pected, the majority are small insessorial birds which,
travelling overland by short stages, would have less difficulty
in reaching our shores than if they had to contend with the
winds and storms which sweep a vast expanse of ocean. It
should, however, be remarked that although a larger number
of insessorial birds (8) have occurred less frequently, a
smaller number of natatorial birds (4) have occurred a
greater number of times. From what we know of the habits
of these, they would appear to be, with one exception, fresh-
water species (that is, frequenting inland lakes and estuaries),
and therefore likely to travel hither by an overland route.
There is of course a difficulty in relying too strongly upon
statistics of this kind, from the fact that few species are
strictly confined to the country which they are said to inhabit.
In many cases the most that can be said is, that a species is
more numerous in one particular country than in any other ;
and this is the test which has been applied in determining
the habitat of the rare and accidental visitants which are in-
cluded in Part Il. of this Handbook. Bearing this in
mind, the classification of a species as Asiatic—for example
S. stelleri, which is also found, though less frequently, in the
northern parts of Europe and America (p. 164))—is really less
arbitrary than at first sight might appear to be the case.
The species which have visited us from Africa, eleven in
number, are :—Pycnonotus capensis (1), Aédon galactodes (2),
Cuculus glandarius (2), Caprimulgus ruficolis (1), Perdix
petrosa (4 or 5, but doubtfully true immigrants), Cursorius
gallicus (19), Grus virgo (1), G. pavonina (1), Ardea comata
(21), A. russata (3), and Plectropterus gambensis (4). Here
it will be observed the grallatorial birds are in the majority ;

Xx INTRODUCTION.

and, indeed, it may be said that the only two species which
attract attention as coming repeatedly from the African con-
tinent both belong to this order. A single African web-
footed bird, the Spur-winged Goose (P. gambensis), has been
recorded to have been met with at large in this country on
four different occasions, although it has been supposed by
some that these specimens may have escaped from a state of
semidomestication upon some ornamental waters.

But while speculating upon the isolated occurrences of a
few African birds in this country, at intervals perhaps of
several years, it should be borne in mind that half the sum-
mer migrants which visit us annually and rear their young
here, such as the Hirundines, Sylvia atricapilla, S. hortensis,
S. cinerea, Salicaria phragmitis, S. strepera, and others, spend
a considerable portion of their existence during the winter
mouths in some part of Africa.

The question therefore is not one of possibility, but of
design; and this strikes us the more forcibly when reviewing
the large number of species (above forty) which have come
to us, or are supposed to have come to us, from America.
These are :—Astur atricapillus (8), N. furcatus (5), Buteo
lineatus (1, doubtfully), Scops asio (2, doubtfully), N. acadica
(1, doubtfully), Vireosylvia olivacea (1), Regulus calendula (1),
Anthus ludovicianus (9, doubtfully), Lowia leucoptera (4),
Ageleus pheniceus (9), Sturnella magna (8), Picus villosus (2),
P. pubescens (1), P. auratus (1), Cuculus americanus (5), C.
erythrophthalmus (1), Ceryle alcyon (2), Hirundo purpurea (2,
doubtfully), H. bicolor (1), Columba migratoria (5)*, Ortyxe
virginianus (introduced), Aigialitis vociferus, Totanus flavipes
(3), 7. solitarius (1), Actiturus bartramius (4), Tringites ru-
fescens (15), Tringoides macularius (16), Tringa maculata (16)

* Four only are noticed at p. 128; but Thompson mentions another
(Nat. Hist. Ivel. (Birds) vol. ili. p. 445), as procured near Tralee in 1848.

INTRODUCTION. x1

T. bonapartii (9), T. pusilla (2), Gallinago wilsoni (1), Macro-
rhamphus griseus (15), Numenius borealis (4), Botaurus len-
tiginosus (14)*, Crex carolina (1), Cygnus americanus (1),
C. buccinator (1), Anser albatus (1), Anas americana (6),
Clangula albeola (5 or 6), Gidemia perspicillata (10), Soma-
teria spectabilis (15), and Mergus cucullatus (11).

It is extremely difficult to believe that the non-aquatic
species in this list have actually journeyed across the Atlantic,
and performed a voyage of at least 1700 nautical miles on
the shortest route, vid Newfoundland ; but that most of them
have actually done so seems proved by the fact that they
have never been met with in Greenland, Iceland, and the
Farée Isles (the only countries through which they would
otherwise have passed by a change of route); and many
which have thus found their way to England or Ireland (as,
for example, Ageleus pheniceus, Cuculus americanus, Ceryle
alcyon, Aigialitis vociferus, Totanus solitarius, Tringa bona-
parti, Botaurus lentiginosus, and others) have never been
met with on any part of the European continent. As might
be expected, at least half the American species found in this
country belong to the orders Grallatores and Natatores,
while of the 14 species of Insessorial birds, none of them,
with the exception of Ageleus pheniceus, has occurred half
a dozen times. This plainly shows that their appearance on
this side of the Atlantic is the merest accident, and not the
result of any continued and successful attempt at migration.
In some instances at least it is not unreasonable to suppose
that these small birds must have availed themselves to a
great extent of the rigging of passing vessels, or have been
brought to this country in cages, from which they have been

* Jn addition to those noticed at pp. 150-152, I have recently been in-
formed by Sir John Crewe that a specimen in his collection was killed
at Slingsby, near Malton, Yorkshire, on the 4th Dec. 1871.

Xil INTRODUCTION.

allowed, accidentally or designedly (vide p. 107), to escape ;
and there are many birds, for example the Picide, whose
importation in cages rarely, if ever, occurs. -

Those who find it difficult to believe in the appearance of
Picus martius 11 England after so short a journey as the
passage of the German Ocean, must feel still greater difficulty
in admitting the claims of any American species of Picus to
a place in the British list. And yet there are records, ap-
parently trustworthy, of the capture of no less than three
different species of this genus in England (vide pp. 122, 123),
all of which are inhabitants of the New World.

In attempting to ascertain the claims of such species as
these to be admitted in a list of British birds, there are two
difficulties which constantly beset the conscientious historian
who meets with records of their capture here. These are :—
first, the published communications of over-zealous collectors,
who, anxious to record their possession of a species which
they deem rare, hasten to give it a name before they have
satisfactorily identified it; and, secondly, the results of
the many attempts which unscrupulous dealers make (un-
fortunately too often with success) to palm off foreign species
upon unwary collectors, with the assurance that they have
been killed in some part or other of the British Islands.
There can be little doubt that many of such records, to which
of necessity reference has been made in the second part of
this work, are, for the reasons above mentioned, worthless,
although perhaps originally published in perfect good faith by
the owners of the specimens. It has been practically im-
possible, through lapse of time, death of parties, or ignorance
of their addresses, to test the value of every reported oc-
currence of rare visitants; but yet, whenever this was
possible, it has been done, and oftentimes with the best
results. In many cases where it could not be effected, the

INTRODUCTION. Xili

name of the recorder may be taken as a sufficient guarantee
for the genuineness of the record ; and it would be obviously
unfair to omit all mention of a report because the truth of it
could not now be satisfactorily ascertained. Further than
this, it has been deemed more prudent to notice erroneous
reports for the sake of showing them to be so, than to incur
a risk of being supposed to have overlooked them by omitting
all allusion to their existence.

It has been already stated that in order not to extend the
limits of this book unreasonably by going over ground which
has been already well worked, all details as to haunts, habits,
&c. have been purposely omitted. Nevertheless, in a search
for what has been really required, it has frequently happened
that important essays and short notices of a valuable nature
have been met with; and to preserve a note of these for
future reference has appeared almost as desirable as to index
the records of rare visitants. On this account therefore, and
especially when they have not been alluded to in the standard
works before mentioned, a brief reference to volume and page
has been given, the object being to save time and trouble to
the reader by referring him direct to valuable sources of
information which might otherwise remain unknown or over-
looked. In some cases these have come to hand too late for
insertion in their proper place, and have therefore unfortu-
nately been omitted. To some extent, however, this may
yet be remedied, and the work rendered more complete, if the
reader will take the trouble to insert upon the proper pages
the following scraps of information :—

In Scotland the Hobby (p. 4) is of more frequent occur-
rence in the eastern than in the western countries (Gray,
Birds West Scot. p. 29). Three instances of its being killed
in Kirkeudbrightshire are given by Mr. Tottenham Lee,
(‘ Naturalist, 1853, p. 44); and it has once been taken in

X1V INTRODUCTION.

Arran (Gray, op. cit.). In Ireland it is very rare ; Thomp-
son mentions but one instance of its occurrence, and that in
the county of Cork. There is asecond Irish specimen, how-
ever, in the Museum at Belfast, and one, shot in Tipperary, in
the Museum of the Royal Dublin Society. Within the last
few years two others have been procured in the neighbour-
hood of Newtownbarry, co. Wexford, one of which was
forwarded to the writer for inspection. In addition to the
localities formerly frequented by the Goshawk (p. 4) may he
mentioned :—Tawton, Devon, where, according to Dr. Moore
(Cat. Birds Devon), a nest of this species was seen, and one
of the old birds was wounded but escaped; Kilmorack,
Inverness-shire (fide Blyth, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1837, p. 568) ;
and Balmacara, Ross-shire, at which last-named place, in
April 1871, a nest was found containing two eggs, one of
which is now in the collection of Mr. E. Hargitt. A more
recent instance of the nesting of the Kite in Lincolnshire
may be cited than that referred to at p. 6. Mr, Adrian,
of Lincoln, had some Kites’ eggs from a wood near Wragley,
taken in the spring of 1870. This bird is very rare in Ireland.
Sir William Jardine lately informed the writer that the
Rough-legged Buzzard {p. 6) once nested near Twizel in
Northumberland, and that he accompanied the late Mr.
Selby to look at the nest.

The Fieldfare (p. 11) is said to have nested in Selkirkshire
(cf. Fairholme, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1837, p. 339, and Blyth, op.
cit. p. 439).

The Nightingale (p. 15), said to be unknown in the west
of Devonshire and Cornwall, has been heard and seen at
Exeter (‘ Naturalist,’ 1851, p. 177), and shot at Honiton
(‘ Zoologist,’ May 1846). <A solitary Blackcap (p. 15) ap-
peared at Balta Sound, Shetland, and was captured in October
1865 (cf. Saxby, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1865, p. 94:38).

INTRODUCTION. XV

A locality in Devon for the Dartford Warbler (p. 16) is, or
was, Bickleigh Vale, near Plymouth (Moore, Trans. Plym.
Inst. 1830, p. 304) ; ditto, in Oxfordshire, Stonwood Beckley
(‘ Zoologist,’ 1849, p. 2597) ; ditto, in Leicestershire, Melton
Mowbray (Harley, /. c.); ditto, in Derbyshire, Melbourne
Common (Briggs, ‘ Zoologist, 1849, p. 2486). The Fire-
crested Wren (p. 19) is unknown in Ireland. For a note on
the habits of the Crested Titmouse (p. 20) as observed in
Scotland, cf. Saxby, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1862, p. 7998. Its acci-
dental occurrence in Yorkshire is confirmed, ‘ Zoologist,’
1872, p. 3021. Major Irby says this bird is resident and
very common in the cork woods of Almoraima, ten miles from
Gibraltar, and found in all the districts in the vicinity where
there are any cork-trees, in which they nest. As it also breeds
annually in Scotland, there can be nothing so remarkable in
its occasional occurrence in England as some would have us
believe. As in the case of the Long-tailed Titmouse (p. 21),
the Coal Titmouse of Great Britain has been found to differ
slightly in some respects from the continental form of the
species, which is the true Parus ater of Linneus ; and Messrs.
Sharpe and Dresser have accordingly separated it under the
name of P. britannicus (cf. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 4th ser., viii.
p. 437). A good account of the habits of the Long-tailed
Titmouse (p. 22) by Mr. Blyth is given (Mag. Nat. Hist.
1837, p. 199). Localities in Devon for the Bearded Titmouse
(p. 22) were formerly Topsham and Thorverton, on the Exe
(Moore, /. c.). The visits of Richard’s Pipit (p. 24) to
Great Britain have hitherto been confined to England. The
Cirl Bunting (p. 26), which is chiefly restricted to the south
of England, has been met with in Leicestershire (cf. Harley,
“Tist Birds Leicester.” in vol. iii. of Macgillivray’s Hist.
Brit. Birds).

The Tree Sparrow (p. 28) is plentiful in some parts of the

Xvi INTRODUCTION.

New Forest ; and there was a colony for many years at Stand-
lake, in Oxfordshire. Of twenty nests taken there, one
was in a faggot-stack, one in a hole of a decayed elm, two in
holes of pollard ash, four in holes of pollard willow, and
twelve in holes in decayed apple-trees in orchards. On the
subject of Linnets (p. 28) the reader may be referred to Dr.
E. Coues’s Monograph of the genus published in the ‘ Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.’ 1861, p. 373—with some additional
remarks, 1863, p. 40. The change of plumage which takes
place in the Crossbills (p. 29) and Pine Grosbeak (p. 113) is
very remarkable. Mr. Wheelwright’s observations on the
subject (‘ Zoologist,’ 1862, p. 8001) are well worth reading.
No instance is on record of the nesting of the Rose-coloured
Pastor (p. 30) m Great Britain; but the birds have been
seen and shot several times in the middle of summer. Dr.
Moore mentions one which was shot in Devon in June, and
a young one without a crest in October. A pair were shot
in July at Rosemount, near Glasgow, where they had been
observed for some days previously.

It is stated (p. 32) that the Green Woodpecker is unknown
in Ireland. This is very near the truth; but a single in-
stance of its occurrence at Granard, co. Longford, is men-
tioned by Thompson in the Appendix to the third volume of
his Nat. Hist. Ireland, p. 441. In the autumn of 1861 the
Greater Spotted Woodpecker (p. 32) was observed to be very
numerous in Orkney and Shetland (ef. Saxby, ‘ Zoologist,’
1862, p. 7932).

The Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (p. 32), although almost
unknown in Ireland, has yet occurred oftener, so far as is
known, than the Green Woodpecker. Glennon, of Dublin,
has preserved six or seven, at various times, sent to him from
different parts of Ireland.

Although most of the small birds which periodically visit

INTRODUCTION. XVI

this country, such as Willow Wrens, Whitethroats, and
Pipits, perform their long journeys by night, as evidenced by
the numbers which strike against the lighthouses and are
killed; others, like the Swallows, migrate by day; and
many instances are on record of their having been ob-
served en route. Such opportunities in the case of the
rarer visitants are not so frequently enjoyed. The Hoopoe,
for example, an irregular spring and autumn migrant,
rarely occurring in winter, though met with annually in-
land, has seldom been observed on passage. In the
English Channel on the 15th April, 1854, a Hoopoe,
after flying two or three times round the steamer, entered
one of the windows of the saloon and was taken, apparently
exhausted with fatigue. Another, on the 21st April, 1853,
alighted on a mackerel-boat between the Eddystone Lighthouse
and Plymouth Breakwater, in an exhausted state, and allowed
itself to be taken. There can be little doubt that this bird
occasionally nests in England, and would do so more fre-
quently if unmolested. A pair frequented Gilbert White’s
Garden at Selborne; and another pair nested for several
years in the grounds of Pennsylvania Castle, Portland (cf.
Garland, ‘ Naturalist, 1852, p. 82), According to Mr.
Turner of Sherborne, Dorsetshire, the nest has been taken
on three or four occasions by the school-boys from pollard
willows on the banks of the river at Lenthay. The birds
were known to the boys as “ hoops.”

The Roller (p. 34), which is so rare a bird in Scotland, has
once been procured in Orkney (cf. Saxby, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1871,
p- 2561). The Red Grouse (p. 39) may be said to be the
only bird in the British Islands which is peculiar to our
fauna, unless, indeed, the Scotch Ptarmigan be considered
specifically distinct from the so-called Willow Grouse.

Our knowledge of the supposed gular pouch in the male

b

XVlil INTRODUCTION.

Bustard, originally due to a British anatomist, Dr. James
Douglas, was first made known in 1740 by Albin, in his ‘ Nat.
Hist. Brit. Birds,’ 11. p. 36. Since that date many have been
the contributions published, and various the opinions ex-
pressed, on this very curious subject. In ‘ The This,’ for 1862,
pp. 107-127, will be found avery full and interesting account
by Professor Newton of all that had been previously published
on the matter, supplemented with observations of his own;
and an important communication on the same subject by
Dr. Cullen is given in ‘ The Ibis,’ 1865, p. 148.

Yarrell’s paper in the Trans. Linn. Society, 1855, p. 155,
and Prof. Flower’s contribution, P. Z. 8. 1865, p. 747,
should also be referred to for additional and valuable details.

An annual decrease in numbers of the Dotterel (Hudromias
morinellus) has been remarked of late by naturalists residing
in localities where this species was once more plentiful; and
this is doubtless due to the proportionate increase of gunners,
and the unchecked shooting which at present takes place
throughout the year, whereby numbers of breeding birds are
destroyed immediately on their arrival in May.

It is to be hoped that the legislative protection which is
now afforded to sea-birds during the nesting-season will be
extended gradually to other indigenous species, that we may
prevent, before it is too late, any others from being added to
the already long list of fine species which have been driven
from, or well nigh exterminated in, the British Islands.

As all references to the nesting-haunts of rare species are
interesting, it may be well to supplement the list of counties
which are believed to be frequented by the Dotterel in the
breeding-season (p. 43), by adding that in May and June
1853 three nests, containmg three eggs each, were taken in
Elginshire (¢f. Thurnall, ‘ Naturalist,’ 1853, p. 254). Another
locality formerly visited by the Avocet (p. 46) im the nesting-

INTRODUCTION. X1X

season, was Fossdyke Wash, Lincolnshire (Pennant). The
Wood Sandpiper, usually a spring and autumn migrant, is
known to have remained throughout the summer and nested.
In addition to the nest found by Mr. Hancock (p. 47) another
was taken in a birch-plantation by a small loch-side in Elgin-
shire, 23rd May, 1853, and the eggs identified by Mr. Bond
(cf. Thurnall, ‘ Naturalist,’ 1853, p. 254).

Devon may be added to the counties in which the nest of
the Dunlin (p. 49) has been found (cf. Moore, Mag. Nat.
Hist. 1837, p. 322).

The Crane (p. 54) is very rare in Shetland. A long ac-
count and description of two procured there in July 1865 will
be found in the ‘ Zoologist,’ 1865, pp. 9767-9772. A young
Bittern (p. 56) taken at Ranworth, Norfolk, is figured in the
‘Zoologist,’ 1846, p. 1321. On the subject of British Wild
Geese, the reader may be referred to a paper by Mr. Arthur
Strickland, read before the Nat. Hist. Section of the British
Association at Leeds, 24th Sept. 1858, and published in the
‘ Naturalist,’ 1858, p. 271, wherein the author says that the
Grey Lag Goose never was a migratory species in this country,
but permanently resided and bred in the “carrs” of York-
shire, and probably in the fens of Lincolnshire; and although
long since banished from these places, it still breeds in the
Western Isles of Scotland. As to this see also Gray, ‘ Birds
of West of Scotland,’ p. 339.

While on the subject of wild fowl, a passing allusion may
be made to a couple of essays by two very practical observers
on the change of plumage in Ducks and other birds,—the
first by the late Charles Waterton (Essays in Nat. Hist., Ist
series, p. 196), the second by Mr. Blyth (Mag. Nat. Hist.
1837, pp. 259-3800). A full and very interesting account of
decoy-ponds, as worked in Norfolk, will be found in Lubbock’s
‘Fauna of Norfolk,’ pp. 94-110; and a capital description

b2

XX INTRODUCTION.

of a particular decoy at Tillmgham, on the coast of Essex,
is given in ‘The Field’ of 15th Feb. 1868.

One of the best existing decoys in the kingdom is that
known as the Ashby Decoy, in Lincolnshire. The late
owner, Mr. Henry Healy, caused a careful account to be kept
of each day’s capture from the winter of 1833-34 down to
that of 1867-68 ; and the results, as arranged in the opposite
Table (p. xxi), will give some notion of the immense number of
fowl annually taken in a decoy, as well as of the proportions
in which the various species are found associated together.

From this it will be seen that the captures have averaged
2741 head of wild fowl per annum, and in the course of five-
and-thirty years there has not been such a decrease in num-
bers as, from various causes, might have been expected.
Contrary to general belief, the number of birds taken, it ap-
pears, is influenced not by the coldness of the weather, but
by the amount of rain. If it is a very dry autumn, few birds
are caught; but if there is a good deal of ram im October
and November, the reverse is the case. In very severe
weather they betake themselves elsewhere. In the opposite
Table it will also be noticed that the rarity of the Gadwall
is well brought out. In five-and-thirty years, twenty-two
specimens only were taken, and this in a favourable loca-
lity on the east coast. In Ireland, for reasons elsewhere
stated (p. 62), this Duck is much rarer than in England. A
pair killed in Dublin Bay, and another pair in the county of
Antrim (cf. Blake-Knox, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1871, p. 2644), are
amongst the very few Irish specimens on record.

It has been stated (p. 64), on the authority of Mr. Thomp-
son, that the Ferruginous Duck has not been obtained in
Ireland. One killed on the Dublin coast, however, in 1871,
was noticed by Mr. Blake-Knox in the ‘ Zoologist,’ 1871,
p. 2645.

INTRODUCTION.

xx

Aw Account or Witp Fowt KILLED at THE AsHBY Decoy,

FROM SEPTEMBER 1833 To Aprit 1868%.

1833-34
1834-35
1835-36
1886-37
1837-38
1838-39
1839-40

seer eeeee

1840-41........

1841-42
1842-43
1843-44
1844-45
1845-46
1846-47

1850-51

1852-53
1855-54
1854-55
1855-56

1858-59
1859-60
1860-61
1861-62
1862-63
1863-64
1864-65

eee tereee

1847-48.........
1848-49.........
1849-50.........

1851-52.........

1856-57...
1857-58...

tee wees

weet eenee

eet eeeee

| Shoveller.

Ree:
mH Oo:

eho

Ord R CO Od Or Co bo

a Gee

Nore H
TR RR ROR be -

Pintail.

or

~I

b 0
HORM DUR PEE PN WONWWNH TR ROD WN DORR BR: ARO

i

Gada

[i — src OL ar Comet Ga oO he

Total.

3227
6357
1808
1132
2082
1576
4205
3724
2613
3228
2135
2547
2390
2486
2133
3778
2131
1270
1711
6059
4111
2616
1836
1575
2348
2023
2029
3547
2822
2464
4277
2959

936
3475
2545

* This Table was published in the ‘Field’ of the 25th July, 1868,
when the decoy was offered for sale on the death of the late owner, and
was subsequently reprinted in the ‘ Zoologist’ for Sept. 1868.

Xxil INTRODUCTION.

That fine bird, the Great Northern Diver (p. 68), known
only in England as a winter visitant, occasionally remains
throughout the summer in Ireland and the Hebrides; and
although the eggs have not been obtained yet in the
British Islands, the bird is believed to have nested on a loch
in Assynt, Sutherlandshire (cf. Harvie Brown, Zoologist,
1868, pp. 1809, 1424). With reference to the occasional ap-
pearance of the Puffin in winter, and the remarkable differ-
ence which exists in the bills of individuals of different ages
and at different seasons, the reader may be referred to the
‘ Zoologist,’ 1862, p. 8003, and 1863, p. 8331. To the list of
breeding-haunts of the Gannet given at p. 75, may be added
one of the Skellig islands, off the coast of Kerry; and as the
nesting-places of the Black-headed Gull (p. 77) are becoming
not only fewer in number, but gradually smaller in extent,
all records of their former or existing conditions must be of
interest. The Gullery at Pillmg Moss, Lancashire, is de-
scribed in the ‘ Naturalist,’ 1851, p. 194; that at Rollesby is
noticed in the same periodical, 1854, p. 253. <A third colony
on Walney Island is pictured in the ‘ Zoologist,’ 1864,
p- 9156; while an account of the well-known Gullery at
Scoulton Mere has been recently published by Mr. Stevenson
(Trans. Norf. & Norw. Nat. Soc. 1872, pp. 22-30).

With these fragmentary remarks it was intended to con-
clude this Introduction ; but the reader may not unreasonably
expect that something should be said in regard to the nomen-
clature and arrangement of species which has been adopted
in the following pages. On this head a few words will suffice.
It must be evident to all who have paid any attention to the
subject, that so long as naturalists continue to designate spe-
cies at random by any synonyms which may belong to them,
so long will confusion reign paramount, to the prejudice of
all students in zoology. It is only by adhering strictly to

INTRODUCTION. XxXill

certain fixed principles that the difficulties which present
themselves on this point can be effectually overcome.

If, in furtherance of this object, naturalists would only
combine in adopting the excellent and very simple rules pro-
posed by the eminent zoologists who were appointed a Com-
mittee of the British Association for the express purpose of
effecting a reform in zoological nomenclature, all confusion
would speedily vanish, and science, instead of repelling the
would-be student by its apparent complexity, would attract
him by its real simplicity.

For the present purpose it will not be necessary to mention
more than three of the rules referred to; for, being the most
im portant, they are those which have been more particularly
ad hered to in the preparation of the present work.

1. A species should be designated by the oldest name which
has been published for it, to the exclusion of all subsequent
synonyms. ‘This is termed “ the law of priority.”

2. Linnzeus having originated the binomial system of no-
menclature, and having published the last (12th) edition of
his ‘Systema Nature’ in 1766 (which edition consequently
may be taken to be as complete as he could make it), the
“law of priority”? should not extend to any name bestowed
upon a species prior to that date.

3. The authority for a specific name, when not applying to
the generic name also, should be placed in parentheses, other-
wise not—e. g., Aquila chrysaétus (Linneus), Falco subbuteo,
Linneus.

Once admitting the propriety of such rules, the sooner they
are carried into effect the better; for although it may be re-
pugnant to the feelings of some to discard names with which
they have become familiar, they should remember that these
names may not be so familiar to others, and the only names
which should really be so to all are those only which can be

XXIV INTRODUCTION.

upheld upon fixed principles by such rules as those above
mentioned. In the present case, therefore, an attempt has
been made to rectify the nomenclature of all the species which
have found their way into the British list, by presenting the
reader with the oldest, as far as could be ascertained, and
therefore the most correct name for each, coupled with the
name of the author who first bestowed it.

The same principle has been applied, although less satis-
factorily, to genera; and, for the sake of simplicity, the adop-
tion of subgenera has been as much as possible avoided. It
may be further observed that, although in the main the syste-
matic arrangement here followed is that adopted by Yarrell,
it has been deemed expedient to introduce therein certain
modifications which have become necessary from an extended
knowledge of the species dealt with. The Orioles, for ex-
ample, as also the Rock Thrushes, have been separated from
the true Thrushes, with which Yarrell had associated them.
The Tree Creeper and Common Wren, hitherto placed
amongst the Scansorial birds in company with the Wryneck
and other zygodactyle forms, have been removed to a position
more in accordance with their structure and habits. The
Plovers and Sandpipers, between which families Yarrell in-
terposed the Cranes, Herons, and Storks, have been brought
into close proximity from a due consideration of their natural
affinities ; and in a similar manner other families and genera
have been dealt with. In all cases where Yarrell’s work is
quoted, the pages indicated are those of the 3rd and last
edition of 1856, the publication of the 4th edition by Pro-
fessor Newton having only recently commenced.

In conclusion, it may be observed that, as the present work,
from its nature, cannot be expected to be free from mistakes,
any corrections or emendations which may be communicated
by the reader will be gratefully received by the author.

PART LI.

BRITISH BIRDS, PROPERLY SO CALLED,
BEING RESIDENTS, PERIODICAL MIGRANTS,

AND ANNUAL VISITANTS.

7 om

“a

HANDBOOK OF BRITISH BIRDS.

ee ead ae en ee

Order I. RAPTORES.
Fam. FALCON DZ.

GOLDEN EAGLE. Aquila chrysaétus (Linneus).

Resident in Scotland and Ireland only; but it for-
merly nested in Derbyshire, and is said to have done so
in the highest part of Cheviot and in North Wales.
Occasionally occurring in England.

WHITE-TAILED EAGLE. faliwetus albicilla (Lin-
neeus).

Resident in Scotland and Ireland only. Said to
have nested formerly in Westmoreland, the Isle of
Man, Lundy Island, Plymouth, and the Isle of Wight.
Birds of the first year are regular autumnal or winter
visitants to the south and south-east.

OSPREY. Pandion haliwetus (Linneus).

Nests only in Scotland, where it is a summer mi-
erant. Visits England in spring and autumn, and is
occasionally met with in Ireland in autumn.

BZ

4 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

PEREGRINE FALCON. Falco peregrinus, Gmelin.

Resident; migrating to the east and south-east in
autumn.

HOBBY. falco subbuteo, Linneus.

A summer migrant, but not common.

MERLIN. faico wsalon, Gmelin.

Resident in Scotland, Ireland, and on the moors of
England and Wales. <A winter visitant to the south.

KESTREL. Falco tinnunculus, Linneus.

Resident; migrating to the east and south-east in
autumn.

SPARROWHAWK. Accipiter nisus (Linneus).
Resident, and generally distributed.

GOSHAWK. Astur palumbarius (Linneeus).

Formerly resident in the north of England and
Scotland, and presumably in Ireland. Has been
known to breed in the Forest of Glenmoor and
Rothiemurcus (Colonel Thornton), and on the wooded
banks of the Dee (Selby); in Kirkcudbrightshire
(Lee)*; in the woods of Castle Grant, Inverness,
and Abernethy and Dulnane forests (Dunbar)?. The
bird used to frequent Oakley and Piper Woods,

* Lee in ‘ The Naturalist,’ 1853, p. 45; and R. Gray, ‘ Birds of

the West of Scotland,’ p. 37.
+ The Ibis, 1865, p. 10.

GOSHAWK. 5

Leicestershire (Harley*), and has occasionally been
found on Dartmoor (Dr. Moore). It is said to have
nested in Yorkshire (Ransom)f. Old works on Fal-
conry state that “the best Goshawks were procured
in the north of Ireland, as in the province of Ulster,
but more especially in the county of Tyrone”{. Mr.
Thompson, however, states (Nat. Hist. Ireland, Birds,
i. p. 62) that the Goshawk “ cannot with certainty be
included in the Irish fauna.” An adult female
Goshawk shot in the Galtee Mountains, Tipperary,
on the 17th January, 1870, as recorded by Sir Victor
Brooke (‘ Land and Water, 5th March, 1870), proved
to be the American Astur atricapillus (‘Land and
Water, 8th October, 1870). A young male, however,
of Astur palumbarius was seen in Ballymanas Wood,
co. Wicklow (‘ Zoologist,’ 1870, p. 2283). Low was
doubtless mistaken in observing, in his ‘ Fauna Orca-
densis, that the Goshawk frequents Orkney; his
reference to sea-cliffs points to the Peregrine. It is
thought, however, to have nested in Shetland 9.

KITE. Milvus ictinus, Savigny.

Formerly common ; now resident m few localities.
Used to nest in Tolvern Wood, Cornwall (Bullmore) ;

* « A List of the Birds of Leicestershire,” by James Harley, pub-
lished in the 3rd vol. of Macgillivray’s ‘ History of British Birds.’

+ The Zoologist, 1863, p. 8678.

+ See Turbervile’s ‘ Book of Falconrie,’ 2nd ed. 1611, p. 60;
‘The Gentleman’s Recreation,’ 6th ed. 1721, p. 72; and Campbell’s
‘Treatise on Modern Falconry,’ 1780, p. 214.

§ See Edmonstone in ‘ The Zoologist,’ 1844, p. 459.

6 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

in North Devon (Lord Lilford); in Brampton Brian
Park, Herefordshire (Armitage*); about Newport,
Monmouthshire, in 1834 (Conway)f*; Monks Wood
and Alconbury Hill, Huntingdonshire, until 1844
(Wolley); in Lincolnshire until 1857 (Newton) ; in
North Wales (Saunders); and in Inverness in 1860
(Wolley). Still breeds in Radnorshire (see ‘ Transac-
tions of the Woolhope Naturalists’ Field-Club’ for
1869, and Zoologist,’ 1871, p. 2519).

COMMON BUZZARD. Buteo vulgaris, Leach.

A local resident; migrating to the east and south-
east In autumn.

ROUGH-LEGGED BUZZARD. Buteo lagopus (Gmelin).

An autumn migrant. The nest has been found
near Hackness, Yorkshire, and near Banff (‘ ‘The Ibis,’
1865, p. 12). Mr. R. Gray says (‘ Birds of the West
of Scotland,’ p. 47), on the east coast of Scotland it
sometimes appears in considerable numbers in autumn,
when moving in migratory flocks.

HONEY BUZZARD. Pernis apivorus (Linnzus).

A summer migrant, sparingly distributed. ‘The
nest has been found in the New Forest; in Oxford-
shire (Rev. A. Mathews); Berks (Blyth); Middlesex
(Sterland); Northamptonshire (Lord Lilford); War-

* Trans. Woolhope Nat. Field-Club, 1869.
+ Mag. Nat. Hist. 1834, vil. p. 334.

HARRIERS, i

wickshire (Tomes) ; Stafford (Buchanan) ; Shropshire
(Shaw); Cumberland (Heysham); Northumberland
(Hancock); and Aberdeenshire (Macgillivray and
Robert Gray).

Mr. J. H. Gurney states that, besides being a sum-
mer visitant, this species arrives as an early autumnal
migrant on the east coast, and the birds so arriving
are mostly birds of the year.

MARSH HARRIER. Circus wruginosus (Linneus).

Formerly common in the English fens, but now
seldom observed, except as an irregular visitant, and
generally in autumn; nevertheless it still breeds occa-
sionally in a few English counties. Mr. Thompson
considered it resident in Ireland, where he found it
generally distributed in suitable localities. In Scot-
land it is much rarer, and breeds there but seldom.

HEN HARRIER. Circus cyaneus (Linneus).

A local resident; occurring as an autumnal migrant
in small numbers to the eastern counties.
MONTAGU’S HARRIER. Circus cineraceus (Montagu).

A local resident in England, rare in Scotland, and
unknown in Ireland. It occurs as an autumnal
migrant in small numbers in the eastern counties of
England.

8 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

Fam. STRIGID &.

WHITE or BARN OWL. Strix flammea, Linneus.

Resident and generally distributed.

TAWNY OWL. Syrnium aluco (Linneus).

Resident in England and Scotland, and increasing
in many of the Scottish counties. Mr. Thompson
says (Nat. Hist. Ireland, Birds, i. p. 94) that, if in-
cluded at all in the Irish fauna, it must be considered
extremely rare.

LONG-EARED OWL. Otus vulgaris, Fleming.

Resident, chiefly in wooded districts of the north
of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Mr. J. H. Gurney
informs me that ‘ some always breed in young fir plan-
tations in Norfolk, but by far the greater number occur
as regular autumnal migrants.”

SHORT-EARED OWL. Oftus brachyotus (Forster).

Nests regularly in Scotland and the north of Eng-
land, and resident all the year in the west of Scotland
north of Ayrshire. A winter visitant to the south of
England and to Ireland. It has now probably ceased
to breed in Norfolk, but is numerous as a regular au-
tumnal migrant to the eastern counties of England.

On the subject of Owls, the student should refer to
Dr. Kaup’s “ Monograph of the Owls,” published in
vol. iv. of the ‘'Transactions of the Zoological Society.’

SHRIKES. 9

Order 11. INSESSORES.

Fam. LANIID&.

GREAT GREY SHRIKE. Lanius excubitor, Linneus.

Autumn and winter visitant; but has been found
in England very rarely in summer, and has been
thought in consequence to have nested in this country.
An important article on this bird and its allies, by
Messrs. Sharpe and Dresser, will be found in the
‘Proceedings of the Zoological Society’ for 1870,
p- 990.

RED-BACKED SHRIKE. JLanius collurio, Linneus.

A summer migrant, most numerous in the south of
England; rare in Scotland, and not found in Ireland.

WOODCHAT. Lanius rutilus, Latham.

A rare summer visitant to England only. The nest
has twice been found at Freshwater, Isle of Wight ;
and immature birds have been taken near Penzance
and at Scilly.

Mr. Wise observes, in his ‘ History of the New
Forest,’ p. 314, “As some pairs are sometimes to be
seen [in the Forest] in the summer, I should not be

10 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

surprised to hear of its breeding, more especially as
Mr. Bond has obtained the eggs in the Isle of Wight.”

Fam. MUS C1 CA Pl As.
SPOTTED FLYCATCHER. Muscicapa grisola, Linneus.

A summer migrant, generally distributed, but less
common in Scotland than elsewhere.

PIED FLYCATCHER. Juscicapa atricapilla, Linneus.

A summer migrant; but more local in its distribu-
tion than the Spotted Flycatcher, being confined chiefly
to the northern and midland counties of England, and
rarely found in the south. It is much rarer in Scot-
land, and is unknown in Ireland.

Fam. ORIOLID &.
GOLDEN ORIOLE. Oriolus galbula, Linnzus.

A rare summer visitant. The nest has been found
in Kent several times, and in Dorsetshire, Devonshire,
and Suffolk.

Fam. CINCLID &.

DIPPER. Cinclus aquaticus, Bechstein.

Resident in Scotland, the north and south-west of
England, Wales, and Ireland.
The Scandinavian form, Cinclus melanogaster *

* This is the Sturnus cinclus of Linneus’s ‘ Fauna Suecica,’ no.
214, and ‘Systema Nature,’ p. 290 (12th ed.), where no reference
is made to any chestnut colouring on the underparts.

THRUSHES. i!

(which is characterized by an absence of chestnut
colouring on the underparts), appears to be an occa-
sional migrant to Norfolk and Suffolk (see Steven-
fons) = Birds, of Norfolk vol. i. p. 69)., Mir J., 1.
Gurney, jun., informs me that he has a specimen of
this variety which was shot in Yorkshire.

An excellent paper on the genus Cinclus, by Mr. O.
Salvin, will be found in ‘ The Ibis, 1867, p. 109.

Fam. TURDID &.

MISSELTOE THRUSH. Turdus viscivorus, Linneus.

Resident; and during the last thirty years greatly
increased in numbers.

SONG THRUSH. TZurdus musicus, Linneus.
Resident ; migrating in autumn to the east and
south-east. A note on the migratory habits of this

species, by Professor Newton, will be found in ‘ The
Ibis’ for 1860, p. 83.

FIELDFARE. Turdus pilaris, Linneus.

A winter visitant. Two or three instances of its
nesting in England and Scotland are on record. See
A. G. More in ‘ The Ibis,’ 1865, p. 19, and Dr. Bree
in ‘ The Field,’ 12th June and 19th June, 1869.

REDWING. Turdus iliacus, Linnzus.

A winter visitant. Reported to have nested in

}2 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

Surrey, Middlesex, Leicestershire, Shropshire, North
Wales, Orkney, and the Outer Hebrides (see A. G.
More in ‘The Ibis,’ 1865, p. 19). Mr. Blyth states
(Mag. Nat. Hist. 1834, vol. vii. p. 242) that “ both
the Redwing and the Fieldfare have been repeatedly
seen throughout the summer, in a wood called the
Wood of Logie, upon the estate of Sir John Forbes,
at Fintry, in Aberdeenshire.”

BLACKBIRD. Turdus merula, Linneus.

Resident ; migrating eastward and southward in
autumn.

RING OUZEL. Turdus torquatus, Linneus.

Resident; nesting regularly in the hilly parts of the
west and north of England and throughout Scotland.
In the eastern and south-eastern counties of England
it is a spring and autumn migrant.

Fam. SYLVIID &.

HEDGE SPARROW. Accentor modularis (Linneus).
Resident, and generally distributed.

REDBREAST. LHrythaca rubecula (Linneus).
Resident, and generally distributed.

REDSTART. Luticilla phenicura (Linneus).
A summer migrant to England and Scotland; very
rare in Ireland.

CHATS. RS

BLACK REDSTART. uticilla tithys (Scopoli).

A winter visitant to England; rare in Scotland and
Ireland. In a few instances has remained to nest,
e.g. near Rugeley, Staffordshire (Hawkins, ‘ Zoologist,’
1852, p. 3503); at Durham (Proctor, in ‘Ormsby’s
Sketches of Durham’); in Nottinghamshire, three
nests (Sterland, ‘ Birds of Sherwood Forest,’ p. 67);
in Pembrokeshire (More, fide Tracy, ‘Ibis,’ 1865,
p. 21); and in the Isle of Wight (Bond). Dr. Bull-
more, in his ‘ Cornish Fauna’ (p. 16), says this bird is
‘found every summer in the cliffs between Swanpool
and Castle Head, Cornwall.” It is a scarce bird in
Scotland, where, however, it is said to have nested
once, near Dumfries (Gray, ‘ Birds of West of Scot-
land,’ p. 85); and in Ireland it is only known as a
rare strageler.

STONECHAT. Saaicola rubicola (Linnus).

Resident in many districts throughout the year,
particularly in Scotland; but at the same time partially
migratory in spring and autumn. It does not breed
in Orkney or Shetland.

WHINCHAT. Sazicola rubetra (Linneus).
A summer migrant; less common in Ireland than
elsewhere, and not found in Orkney or Shetland.

WHEATEAR. Saaicola enanthe (Linneeus).

A summer migrant. A few occasionally remain the
winter in England and Scotland, but not in Ireland.

14 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

GRASSHOPPER WARBLER. Salicaria locustella (La-
tham).

A summer migrant; not known to extend further
north than Oban in Argyleshire.

SEDGE WARBLER. Salicaria phragmitis (Bechstein).

A summer migrant, generally distributed.

REED WARBLER. Salicaria strepera (Vieillot).

A summer migrant to England, where it is chiefly
confined to the midland, eastern, and south-eastern
counties; very rare in Scotland, and almost unknown
in Ireland. It is included in 'Templeton’s ‘ Catalogue
of the Birds of Ireland’ as having been seen in the
vicinity of Belfast, and a bird of this species is stated
to have been shot at Raheny, near Dublin, in the
month of December (!) 1847. Mr. Thompson, cor-
recting this date, says (Nat. Hist. Ireland, Birds, vol. 1.
p- 183), “shot at Raheny, 21st December, 1843, by
Mr. Montgomery.” Mr. Kinahan (Zoologist, 1860,
p. 6961) and Mr. Blake Knox (Zoologist, 1870,
p. 2018) both call attention to the fact of this single
occurrence in the county of Dublin.

GREAT REED WARBLER. Salicaria arundinacea (Lin-
neeus).

An occasional summer visitant to England, where
the nest has been found in Surrey, Kent, Hants, Herts,
and Northamptonshire. It is unknown in Scotland
and Ireland.

WARBLERS. 15

SAVIS WARBLER. Salicaria luscinoides (Savi).
Formerly a regular summer migrant to the eastern
counties, until the fen-lands were drained ; and used to
nest annually in the fens of Wicken, Burwell, and
Whittlesea. ‘The eggs have also been taken in Essex,
Kent, and Devonshire. It can now only be considered
an occasional summer visitant to England, and is un-
known in Scotland and Ireland. A nest of Savi’s
Warbler, composed of the long narrow leaves of the
common reed (Arundo phragmitis), and taken at
Baitsbite, Cambridgeshire, is figured in the ‘ Zoologist,’

1846, p. 1307.

NIGHTINGALE. Luscinia philomela (Bonaparte).

A summer migrant; very rare in Scotland, and
unknown in Ireland. As regards Scotland, two in-
stances only are on record of its occurrence north of
the Tweed. The first is noticed by Macgillivray in
his ‘ History of British Birds,’ the second by Turnbull
in his ‘ Birds of East Lothian.’

BLACKCAP. Sylvia atricapilla (Linneus).

A summer migrant; rare in Scotland and in Ireland.

GARDEN WARBLER. Sylvia hortensis (Gmelin).

A summer migrant to England and the south of
Scotland. In Ireland it is stated by Mr. Thompson
to be extremely rare; and he only refers to its occur-
rence in two counties, Cork and Tipperary. Mr. Blake
Knox, however, has met with it in the county of Dub-

16 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

lin; I have seen it in Wicklow; and Sir Victor Brooke
informs me that in the co. Fermanagh, about Lough
Erne, it is common in summer, and nests regularly in
the neighbourhood of Castle Caldwell, to the N.W. of

that county.

WHITETHROAT. Sylvia cinerea, Latham.

A summer migrant. Scarce in the north of Scot-
land.

LESSER WHITETHROAT. Sylvia sylviella, Latham.

A summer migrant to England; rare in Scotland,
and unknown in Ireland.

DARTFORD WARBLER. Sylvia undata, Boddaert.

Resident in the south of England; rare in the mid-
land and northern counties; unknown in Scotland and
Treland.

The following localities for the species, which is
seldom met with further north than lat. 52°, are on
record :—

Cornwall.—Falmouth (Montagu, ‘Orn. Dict.,’ and Bullmore,
‘Cornish Fauna,’ p.17). Truro (Rodd, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1869, p. 1560).
Trevider Moor (Rodd, tom. cit. p. 1951).

Devon.—(Montagu, ‘ Linn. Trans.’ vil. p. 260; Jenyns, ‘ Man.
Brit. Vert.’ p. 112; and Gurney, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1869, p. 1599).

Wilts.—(More, < Ibis,’ 1865, p. 27).

Dorset.—Near Blandford (Rev. O. P. Cambridge).

Hants.—Lyndhurst Heath (Farren, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1862, p. 8160).
Alton (Crowley, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1862, p. 8193; ‘The Field,’ Nov. 6,
1858).

WARBLERS. aha f7/

Isle of Wight.—(Hadfield, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1865, pp. 9582 and 9609,
and 1866, pp. 338 and 340; ‘The Field,’ Jan. 26, 1861, and April
4, 1863).

Sussew.—(Knox, ‘Orn. Rambles,’ p. 198; Merrifield, ‘Sketch
Nat. Hist. Brighton,’ p. 167; Ellman, ‘Zoologist,’ 1850, p. 2953,
and 1851, pp. 3113 and 3276 ; Harting, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1863, pp. 8484
and 8523; ‘The Field,’ Jan. 26, 1861).

Kent.—Bexley Heath, near Dartford; the locality where it was first
discovered (Pennant, fide Latham, ‘ British Zoology’). Blackheath
and Hayes Common (Collingwood, ‘ Fauna of Blackheath and
Vicinity,’ p. 26). Woolwich (Whitely, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1863, p. 8819).

Surrey.— Wandsworth Common (Montagu, /.c.). Reigate (Howard
Saunders). Croydon (Crowley).

Middlesex.—(Harting, ‘Birds of Middlesex,’ pp. 54, 55; ‘ The
Field,’ Nov. 6, 1858).

Oxfordshire.—Once (A. G. More, ‘ Ibis,’ 1865, p. 27).

Cambridgeshire-—Gamlingay Heath, near Potton (Bond). Great
Abington (Smoothy, ‘The Field,’ Dec. 17, 1870).

Worcestershire.—Rare (Yarrell, ‘ History of British Birds’).

Leicestershire.—Rare (Harley, “List Birds Leicestershire,” in
Macgillivray’s ‘ History of British Birds,’ vol. iii.).

Derbyshire.—Rare (A. G. More, ‘ Ibis,’ J. ¢.).

In addition to the above-named localities, the bird
has also been met with in Jersey (Harvie Brown,
‘ Zoologist,’ 1869, p. 1560).

WOOD WREN. Phyllopneuste sibilatria (Bechstein *).

A summer migrant to England and Scotland. In
Treland it is extremely rare (Zoologist, 1866, p. 300).
Sir Victor Brooke informs me that he shot a Wood

* It appears that s¢belatrix of Bechstein (Gemein. Naturg. Deutsch.
iv. p. 660), bestowed in 1795, has priority over sylvicola of Latham
(Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. 53), proposed in 1801, and subsequently adopted
by Pennant, Montagu, Yarrell, and others.

18 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

Wren in his park in the co. Fermanagh in June
1870; and Mr. Blake Knox, of Dalkey, has a specimen
in his collection which was killed by a boy, with a
catapult, at Glen Druid, co. Dublin.

The Wood Wren is much greener on the back and
whiter on the underparts than either of its congeners,
and has a well-defined superciliary streak of sulphur-
yellow, which in the Willow Wren and Chiff Chaff is
much shorter and paler. The legs of the Wood
Wren and Willow Wren are brownish flesh-colour,
while those of the Chiff Chaff are dark brown.

WILLOW WREN. Phyllopneuste trochilus (Linneus).

A summer migrant, generally distributed.

CHIFF CHAFF. Phyllopneuste rufa (Latham).

A summer migrant, generally distributed, although
rare in the north of Scotland.

The three species differ in size as follows :—

Length. Wing. Tarsus.
in. in. in.
Wood Wren... .... 2 chic peer, ot Oana 0-7
WallowaW.ren\ (9.094 10:0) nee ye 2 Ob tear: 0-7
Chitts@hattG=...-. Aerated exe O42 2 oe 0:6

Not only is the Wood Wren the largest of the
three, but it has comparatively the longest wings and
the longest legs. The wings when closed cover three-
fourths of the tail. In the Willow Wren, under the
same circumstances, less than half the tail is hidden.
The Chiff Chaff’s wing is shorter again.

WARBLERS. 19

After examining a large series of these birds, I have
come to the conclusion that, as regards the wings, the
following formule may be relied on:—Wood Wren,
2nd primary*= 4th; 3rd and 4th with owter webs
sloped off towards the extremity. Willow Wren,
2nd=6th; 3rd, 4th, and oth sloped off. Chiff Chaff,
2nd=7th; 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th sloped off.

GOLDEN-CRESTED WREN. egulus cristatus, Koch.

Resident ; migrating eastwards and southwards in
autumn, occasionally in large flocks. See Selby’s
‘Illustrations of British Ornithology,’ i. p. 250; ‘The
Zoologist,’ 1848, p. 2020; and Stevenson’s ‘ Birds of
Norfolk,’ i. p. 136.

FIRE-CRESTED WREN. Legulus ignicapillus, Jenyns.

Occasional winter visitant. Professor Newton in-
forms me that the nest found at Blonorton by Mr.
Brown, particulars of which were communicated to
Mr. Hewitson for his ‘ Kggs of British Birds, proved
to belong to the Golden-crested Wren.

Fam. TROGLODY TID A.
COMMON WREN. Troglodytes parvulus, Koch.

Resident and everywhere common.

* The first primary is quite rudimentary, and is therefore not
taken into consideration.
C2

20 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

Fam. CERTHIID &.

TREE CREEPER. Certhia familiaris, Linneus.
Resident and generally distributed.

Fam. SITTID Zz:

NUTHATCH. Sitta cesia, Meyer.

Resident in England, rare in Scotland, and not found
in Ireland. The Scandinavian Nuthatch described
by Linnzeus (Syst. Nat. i. p. 177) as Sitta europea,
differs from that found in Great Britain; and the
latter, therefore, should be distinguished as Sttta
cesia, that being the oldest name applied (by Meyer,
Taschenb. Deutsch. Végel, i. p. 128) to the same bird
as observed in Germany.

Fam. PARID &.

GREAT TITMOUSE. Parus major, Linneus.

Resident and common.

BLUE TITMOUSE. Parus coeruleus, Linneus.

Resident and common.

CRESTED TITMOUSE. Parus cristatus, Linneus.

Resident in the counties of Moray, Ross, Inverness,
Elgin, Banff, and Aberdeen. For fuller particulars of
its distribution in Scotland, see Gray’s ‘ Birds of the
West of Scotland,’ p. 104. It is rare in England,

TITMICE. Al

where it has been recordéd to have been met with
as follows:—Sunderland Moor, Durham (Ormsby’s
‘Sketches of Durham’); Gosforth, Cumberland,
(‘ Zoologist, 1854, p. 4167); Yorkshire (Lewin’s
‘ British Birds,’ y. p. 46); Aldeburgh, Suffolk (Hele’s
‘ Notes about Aldeburgh,’ p. 82); Blackheath, Kent ;
and Kingsbury, Middlesex (Harting’s ‘ Birds of Mid-
dlesex,’ p. 56); Christchurch, Hants (Wise’s ‘ New
Forest,’ p. 314); and Isle of Wight (More in Venable’s
‘Guide to the Isle of Wight’).

Messrs. Sharpe and Dresser, in their ‘ Birds of Eu-
rope, mention two specimens killed in Ireland, on the
authority of Mr. Blake Knox.

COAL TITMOUSE. Parus ater, Linnzus.

Resident, and generally distributed.

MARSH TITMOUSE. Parus palustris, Linnzus.

Resident, but scarce in Scotland, where it is found
chiefly in the Lothians.

LONG-TAILED TITMOUSE. Acredula rosea (Blyth).
Resident, and generally distributed. ‘The propriety
of separating the Long-tailed Tits from the true Pari
has been long since admitted by naturalists; and, as
Dr. Ginther has pointed out (‘ Ibis, 1865, p. 97), the
employment of the generic term <Acredula of Koch
to designate the former group is strictly in accordance

22 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

with the rules of zoological nomenclature laid down
by the British Association. Mr. Sharpe has shown
(‘ Ibis, 1868, p. 295) that, as the Long-tailed Titmouse
of Scandinavia (described by Linneus as Parus cau-
datus) differs from the British species in having a
white head, the latter cannot bear the name caudatus,
but should be distinguished as rosea of Blyth, that
name being the next in order of precedence. ‘The
white-headed form, however, occasionally occurs in
this country. I have seen two specimens, as else-
where recorded*, which were taken in the north of
England; and Mr. Gatcombe has lately seen one in
Somersetshiref.

BEARDED TITMOUSE. Panurus brarmicus (Linneus).

Resident only in the eastern counties of England,
where it was formerly much more abundant. It has
occurred accidentally in Yorkshire (Waterton), Devon
(Brooking Rowe), Cornwall (Rodd), and the Isle of
Wight (A. G. More). It appears by common con-
sent to have been classed with the Tits; but its affinity
‘to these birds is very remote. In some respects it is
distantly allied to Emberiza scheniclus; but its more
direct affinities appear to be with the species of the
American genus Ammodramus, whose mode of life is
very similar {.

* The Birds of Middlesex, p. 59.

+ The Zoologist, 1872, p. 2943.

+ See remarks on the internal structure of the Bearded Titmouse,
by Mr. Tomes, published in ‘ The Ibis,’ 1860, p. 317.

WAGTAILS. ZS

Fam. AMPELID &.

WAXWING. <Ampelis garrulus, Linneus.

An irregular winter visitant, occasionally appearing
in large flocks.

Fam. MOTACILLID &.

PIED WAGTAIL. Motacilla yarrelli, Gould.

Resident ; migrating southwards in autumn.

WHITE WAGTAIL. Motacilla alba, Linneus.

A summer migrant, but by no means common.

GREY WAGTAIL. Motacilla boarula, Latham.

A local resident, breeding regularly in Scotland and
the north of England, but generally observed as a
winter visitant in the south of England. It has, how-
ever, been found nesting in the counties of Bucks,
Sussex, Dorset, Gloucester, Devon, and Cornwall.

GREY-HEADED WAGTAIL. Motacilla flava, Linneeus.

An occasional summer visitant. Instances of its
nesting in Northumberland will be found recorded in
the ‘ Zoologist,’ 1870, p. 2343. It is rare in Scotland,
and unknown in Ireland.

RAY’S WAGTAIL. JMotacilla rayi, Bonaparte.

A summer migrant, arriving in April and departing
in September.

24 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

Fam. ANTHID &.

TREE PIPIT. Anthus arboreus, Bechstein.

A summer migrant to England and Scotland, but
not found in Ireland.

MEADOW PIPIT. Anthus pratensis (Linneus).

Resident; migrating towards the east and south in
autumn.

ROCK PIPIT. Anthus obscurus (Latham).

Resident on most parts of the coast; occasionally
found inland at the periods of migration in spring and
autumn.

WATER PIPIT. <Anthus spinoletta (Linnzus).

An occasional, perhaps regular, visitant in spring
and autumn.

RICHARD’S PIPIT. <Anthus richardi, Vieillot.

An occasional, perhaps regular, visitant in spring’
and autumn.

Fam. ALAUDID&.

SKY LARK. Alauda arvensis, Linneus.

Resident ; migrating towards the east and south at
the approach of winter.

BUNTINGS. 25

WOOD LARK. Alauda arborea, Linneus.

A local resident and rare; migrating in winter to
the south. Mr. Blake Knox notices it as a very
abundant winter visitant to the county of Dublin
(‘ Zoologist,’ 1870, p. 2018), and adds that it also
breeds in the county. It is found in the southern and
midland counties of Scotland, and has accidentally
been met with as far north as Orkney, a specimen
having been shot at Stromness, in February 1844.

SHORE LARK. Alauda alpestris, Linneus.

An irregular winter visitant; of late years more
plentiful, or more observed. An instance of its nesting
in Devonshire has been recorded by the Hon. 'T. Powys
(now Lord Lilford) in the ‘ Zoologist,’ 1852, p. 3707.

Fam. EMBERIZID &.

LAPLAND BUNTING. Emberiza lapponica, Gmelin.

An irregular winter visitant. Almost unknown in
Scotland, where a single specimen only is recorded to
have been obtained (R. Gray, ‘ Birds of the West of
Scotland, p. 125); nor is it found in Ireland.

SNOW BUNTING. Eméberiza nivalis, Linneus.

An annual winter visitant. Mr. R. Gray says (‘ Birds
of the West of Scotland,’ p. 126), ‘“‘it is very difficult
to establish the fact of this species breeding regularly

26 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

in Scotland; but that it does so in limited numbers can
hardly be doubted.” He mentions certain mountains
in Aberdeen, Banff, Inverness, and Rossshire, which
are frequented by this species in summer. Dr. Saxby
has, in one instance at least, discovered the nest in
the island of Unst, in Shetland (see ‘ Zoologist,’ 1861,
p. 7709; 1863, p. 8680; and 1864, p. 9237).

COMMON BUNTING. Emberiza miliaria, Linneus.

Resident ; migrating southward in autumn.

REED BUNTING. Emberiza scheniclus, Linneus.

Resident and generally distributed. Messrs. Baikie
and Heddle, in their ‘ Fauna Orcadensis,’ state that it
has once been found breeding in Orkney.

YELLOW BUNTING. Hmberiza citrinella, Linneus.

Resident and generally distributed, even to the far
north of Scotland. It has twice been found nesting
in Orkney *.

CIRL BUNTING. Emberiza cirlus, Linneus.

Resident in the south of England; rare in the north
and east. Has been found two or three times only in
Scotland, and is very rare in Ireland. It has of late
years been observed in Wexford by Mr. Blake Knox
(‘ Zoologist, 1866, p. 95).

* Baikie and Heddle, op. cit.

FINCHES. 21

ORTOLAN BUNTING. Emberiza hortulana, Linneus.

An occasional spring and autumn visitant; very rare
in Scotland, and unknown in Ireland.

Fam. FRINGILLID &.

CHAFFINCH. fringilla celebs, Linneus.

Resident and generally distributed.

BRAMBLING. Fringilla montifringilla, Linneeus.

An annual winter visitant, often remaining until
late in the spring.

GOLDFINCH. J ringilla carduelis, Linneus.

Resident and generally distributed, but reported
to be much scarcer everywhere now than formerly.
It is to a certain extent migratory in spring and autumn.

SISKIN. Lringilla spinus, Linneus.

Nests regularly in Scotland, but in England, as a
rule, it is a winter visitant. The nest, however, has
been found exceptionally in Westmoreland, Durham,
Lancashire, Yorkshire, Oxfordshire, Gloucestershire,
Surrey, and Dorsetshire (see ‘'The Ibis,’ 1865, p. 129).
In Ireland it is said to be an occasional winter visitant.

LINNET. Linota cannabina (Linneeus).

Resident and generally distributed; migrating south-
ward and eastward at the approach of winter.

28 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

TWITE. Linota flavirostris (Linneus).

A winter visitant, remaining to nest in the north of
England and Scotland.

MEALY REDPOLL. Linota linaria (Linneus)*.

An irregular winter visitant to England and Scot-
land; unknown in Ireland.

LESSER REDPOLL. Linota rufescens (Vieillot)*.

Resident in the north of England, Scotland, and
Ireland ; a winter visitant to the south. With regard
to the northern range of this species, see a note by
Professor Newton, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1870, p. 2223.

TREE SPARROW. Passer montanus (Linneus).

A local resident ; migratory in autumn. Mr. Thomp-
son (Nat. Hist. Ireland, Birds, i. p. 256) calls attention
to the fact that the 'Tree-Sparrow is included in Tem-
pleton’s ‘ Catalogue of Irish Vertebrate Animals’ as
‘‘a doubtful native,” but adds that to his ornithological
friends and himself it is “ quite unknown.” This was
written in 1849; since that date Mr. Blake Knox
(‘ Zoologist,’ 1870, p. 2018) has detected it in Ireland,
where he says it is known to the bird-catchers, and
believed by them to be resident. In Scotland it is
local and rare.

HOUSE SPARROW. JPasser domesticus (Linneus).
Resident and generally distributed.

* With reference to this nomenclature, see ‘ The Ibis,’ 1865, p. 129.

FINCHES. 29

GREENFINCH. Coccothraustes chloris (Linneus).

Resident and generally distributed, even to the Outer
Hebrides, where it is found in North Uist and Harris.
It is a winter visitant to the Orkneys.

HAWFINCH. Coccothraustes vulgaris, Stephens.

Resident in the midland and eastern counties of
England, migrating in spring and autumn. Found in
the south and east of Scotland, but not in the west.
In Ireland it is an occasional winter visitant. Of late
years this species has become much commoner in
England, nesting now in many counties where formerly
it was chiefly observed as a winter visitant.

BULLFINCH. Pyrrhula vulgaris, Temminck.

Resident and generally distributed. Has been met
with once in Shetland and once in Orkney.

Fam. LOX IID /&.

CROSSBILL. Lovia curvirostra, Linneus.

Generally, but erroneously, regarded as a winter
visitant, being in fact a spring and autumn migrant.
Many instances are on record of its nesting in England,
as, for example, in Northumberland and Durham
(Hancock), Cumberland (Hope), York (Hewitson),
Leicester (Harley), Suffolk (Sheppard and Whitear),
Bedford (Shelton), Herts (Bond), Middlesex (Hart-
ing), Essex (Doubleday), Kent (Jell), Surrey (Hewit-

30 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

son), Sussex (Borrer), Hants (Lewcock), Gloucester
(Hewitson), Devon (Hall Jordan), Somerset (Crotch).

In Scotland it nests regularly in several counties.
In Ireland Mr. Thompson considers it a winter visitant
(Nat. Hist. Ireland, Birds, i. p. 276), but adds that “it
has bred here of late years.”

Fam. STURNID &.

STARLING. Sturnus vulgaris, Linneus.

Resident, and to a certain extent migratory in spring
and autumn.

ROSE-COLOURED PASTOR. Pastor roseus (Linnzus),.

An irregular visitant during summer and autumn,
and met with throughout the British Islands, including
the Orkneys and Shetland.

Fam. CORVID &.

CHOUGH. Pyrrhocorax graculus (Linneus).

Resident in Ireland, the west of Scotland, Wales,
Cornwall, North Devon, and Dorsetshire. Formerly
also in Sussex and the Isle of Wight.

RAVEN. Corvus corax, Linneus.
Locally resident ; more numerous in Scotland, par-
ticularly in the west.

CROWS. oa

CARRION CROW. Corvus corone, Linnzus.

Resident, but rare in the eastern counties of Eng-
land, as well as in some parts of Scotland and in
Ireland.

HOODED CROW. Corvus cornia, Linneus.

Resident in Scotland and Ireland; a winter visitant
to the east and south of England; rare in the south-
west. In Scotland it is said to pair habitually with
the Carrion Crow, and on this account has been re-
garded by some naturalists as specifically identical
with that bird. See Sir W. Jardine’s ‘ British Birds,’
vol. il, p. 234; Macgillivray’s ‘ History of British
Birds,’ vol. ui. p. 721; Thompson’s ‘Nat. Hist. of
Ireland, Birds,’ vol. i. p. 309; Gray’s ‘ Birds of the
West of Scotland, p. 170; Colquhoun’s ‘ Sporting
Days, p. 104; and Baron de Selys-Longchamps in
‘ The Ibis, 1870, pp. 450, 451.

ROOK. Corvus frugilegus, Linneus.

Resident and generally distributed. Mr. J. H.
Gurney has remarked that it is a regular autumnal
migrant to the eastern coasts of England.

JACKDAW. Corvus monedula, Linneus.

Resident, and especially numerous in the neigh-
bourhood of sea-cliffs.

MAGPIE. Pica caudata, Fleming.

Resident and in many parts common.

By RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

JAY. Garrulus glandarius (Linnzus).

Resident and generally distributed, except in Ire-
land, where, Mr. Thompson states, it is indigenous only
in the south. Mr. J. H. Gurney has remarked that
in England it is a regular autumnal migrant to the
eastern coasts. It has once been met with in Shetland.

Fam. PICID &.

GREEN WOODPECKER. Picus viridis, Linnzus.

Resident in England, but very rarely met with
north of the Solway or Tweed, and unknown in
Ireland.

GREATER SPOTTED WOODPECKER. Picus major,
Linneus.

Resident in England, and in a very few instances
has been noticed in Ireland. ‘It has been a well-
known winter visitant throughout Scotland for the
last fifty years; and specimens have been obtained in
almost every county. It has been known to breed in
limited numbers in Banffshire, Aberdeenshire, and a
portion of Invernesshire” (R. Gray).

LESSER SPOTTED WOODPECKER. Picus minor, Lin-
neeus.
Resident in England, but included, with doubt,
amongst the birds of Scotland, and unknown in Ire-
land. As regards Scotland, it is included in Don's

HOOPOR, eS

‘Fauna of Forfarshire’’ and in Pennant’s ‘ Caledonian
Zoology, and is stated to have been observed in Caith-
ness; but Mr. R. Gray says * that he has never been
able to examine a specimen killed in any part of
Scotland.

WRYNECK. Jynv torquilla, Linneus f.

A summer migrant to England, rarely seen in
Scotland north of the Forth, and unknown in Ireland.
It has been observed but twice in Orkney.

Fame UU PDA.

HOOPOE. Upupa epops, Linnzus.

An irregular spring and autumn migrant; and has
occurred rarely in winter{. It is regarded by Mr. R.
Gray) as a strageler to Scotland ; and Mr. Thompson ||
remarks that in Ireland it has appeared occasionally
in all quarters of the island. Col. Montagu states
that a pair of Hoopoes began a nest in Hampshire ;
and Dr. Latham has referred to a young Hoopoe
which was shot in this country in the month of June.

* The Birds of the West of Scotland, p. 191.

ft In departing from the customary mode of spelling the above
generic term, it may be desirable to indicate its derivation—namely,
"Ivy, vyyos, so called from its shrill ery, th. ivZw.

+ Two were shot in Dumfriesshire in the winter of 1870-71 (Sir
William Jardine).

§ The Birds of the West of Scotland, p. 198.

| Nat. Hist. Ireland, Birds, vol. i. p. 353.

34 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

Fam. CUCULID &.

CUCKOO. Cuculus canorus, Linneus.

A summer migrant, and generally distributed
throughout England, Ireland, and Scotland, extending
even to the Outer Hebrides.

Fam. CORACIID &.

ROLLER. Coracias garrula, Linneus.

An irregular summer migrant, rare in Scotland, and
has been observed in two or three instances only in
Treland.

Fam. ALCEDINID &.

KINGFISHER. Alcedo ispida, Linneus.

Resident and generally distributed, migrating to the
coast at the approach of winter. ‘It has been found
once or twice in Islay and likewise in Skye” (R. Gray).

Fam. MEROPID &.

BEE-EATER. Merops apiaster, Linneus.

An irregular summer migrant to England. As
many as twenty have been seen together at one time
in Norfolk (Stevenson, ‘ Birds of Norfolk,’ i. p. 313) ;
and no less than twelve were procured in one day at
Helston, Cornwall (Rodd, ‘ List of Birds,’ 2nd ed.

SWALLOWS. 30

p. 23). In Scotland this bird is a rare and accidental
straggler, and in Ireland it has been very rarely met
with.

Fam. HIRUNDINID &.

SWALLOW. firundo rustica, Linneus.

A summer migrant.

MARTIN. AHirundo urbica, Linneus.

A summer migrant.

SAND MARTIN. //tirundo riparia, Linnzus.

A summer migrant.

Fam. CYPSELID &.

SWIFT. Cypselus apus (Linneus).

A summer migrant, arriving long after the Swal-
lows, and departing before them.

Fam. CAPRIMULGID&.

NIGHTJAR. Caprimulgus europeus, Linneus.

A summer migrant, generally dispersed throughout
the British Islands to the north of Caithness, and ex-
tending even to the inner group of the Hebrides. It
is not uncommon in Islay, Iona, and Mull, and is gene-
rally distributed in Skye, in all of which islands the
eges have been found.

Dez

36 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

Order III. RASORES.

Fam. COLUMBID &.

RING DOVE or WOOD PIGEON. Columba palumbus,
Linneus.

Resident and generally distributed, migrating in
large flocks to the south at the approach of winter.

STOCK DOVE. Columba enas, Linneus.

A local resident, migrating to the south in winter.
In the different county faunas and local lists to which
reference has been made, this species has been variously
characterized as follows :—Common throughout the
year in Norfolk; a permanent resident in Leicester-
shire ; very common in Shropshire; resident in Berks
and Bucks; resident in Middlesex, but more nume-
rous in autumn and winter; resident and common in
the New Forest; resident in Sussex; rare in Somerset ;
a winter visitant in Devon; rare in Cornwall; rare
winter visitant in the Isle of Wight; and twice
obtained at Scilly. Until recently it seems to have
been unknown in Durham, and further north it is
extremely rare. It is stated to have been met with
in Caithness, and has occurred once in Orkney. It
has not been recognized in Ireland.

ROCK DOVE. Columba livia, Temminck.

Resident, and in many places plentiful. It is espe-
cially abundant along the coast-line of the west of
Scotland, and on the Hebrides or Western Isles.

ae |

1S)

GAME-BIRDS.

TURTLE DOVE. Turtur auritus, Gray.

A summer migrant to England and Wales, occa-
sionally to Scotland. In Ireland it is stated by Mr.
Thompson to be “an occasional, almost an annual,
visitant to cultivated districts in some parts of the
island.”

In the Hebrides specimens have been shot in Islay
and Skye, but not in the outer islands. Dr. Saxby
has recorded three instances of its occurrence in
Shetland ; and it has twice been procured in Orkney*.

Fam. PHASIANID~.
PHEASANT. Phasianus colchicus, Linneus.

Resident. The precise date of its introduction into
Great Britain is uncertain; but there is evidence to
show that it was prior to the invasion of the Normans,
and that we are probably indebted for this game-bird
to the enterprise of the Romans. In my ‘ Ornithology
of Shakespeare’ (pp. 210-216) I have brought
together, from various sources, some curious informa-
tion relating to the early introduction and preservation
of this bird in England in former times.

Fam. TETRAONID &.
CAPERCAILLIE. Tetrao urogallus (Linnzus).
Originally indigenous in Scotland and Ireland, but

* Baikie and Heddle, ‘ Fauna Orcadensis,’ p. 55, and R. Gray,
‘ Birds of the West of Scotland,’ p. 223.

38 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

became extinct about the year 1758. One of the
last native birds killed was shot at Chisholm Park,
Inverness, and is believed to be in the museum at
Newcastle upon Tyne*. The species was reintroduced
into Scotland in 1836, by Lord Bredalbane and Sir
Thomas Fowell Buxton, through the instrumentality
of the well-known sportsman and author Mr. L.
Lloyd.

Full and interesting particulars of this enterprise
will be found in Lloyd’s ‘ Game-birds and Wildfowl
of Sweden and Norway,’ pp. 34-36; and the reader
may also be referred to a good account of the bird
from recent observation in Scotland by Mr. Robert
Gray, of Glasgow, in his lately published work
the ‘ Birds of the West of Scotland,’ pp. 227-230.
The Gaelic name for this bird is ‘‘ Cabar Coille,”
whence the English “ Capercaillie” is doubtless
derived.

BLACK GROUSE. Tetrao tetriz, Linneus.

Resident in Scotland and in some parts of England,
nesting occasionally in Cornwall, Devon, Somerset,
Dorset, Hants, Sussex, Surrey, Berks, Worcester,
Shropshire, Staffordshire, Radnorshire, Cheshire,
Lancashire, and Yorkshiref. To this list may be

* Graves, in his ‘ British Ornithology ’ (1821), assigns a much later
date than this to its extinction, observing that one was killed near
Fort William in 1815, and another near Borrowstoneness in 1819.

+ A. G. More, in ‘ The Ibis,’ 1865, p. 426.

GAME-BIRDS. 39

added Leicestershire* and, as lam informed by Mr.
J. H. Gurney, North-west Norfolk.

The bird is not found in Ireland; and it is doubtful
whether it ever existed there, except as an introduced
species in a few localities.

RED GROUSE. Tetrao scoticus, Latham.

Resident in Scotland, the north and north-west of
England, Wales, and Ireland.

With reference to the distribution of the Red
Grouse in Great Britain, Mr. A. G. More ascertained
(Ibis, 1865, p. 427) that it is plentiful on the hills of
Monmouthshire, and inhabits Hereford, Shropshire,
Stafford, Radnor, and Pembroke. It breeds in Derby-
shire, Lancashire, Yorkshire, and in every county
north of lat. 54°, reaching the Outer Hebrides and
Orkneys, but does not occur in Shetland.

PTARMIGAN. Tetrao lagopus, Linnzus.

Resident only on the higher mountains of Scotland
and the Hebrides.

GREY PARTRIDGE. Perdix cinerea, Latham.

Resident, and generally distributed. The protec-
tive efforts of game-preservers, in almost every part of
the country, have contributed greatly to the increase
of this species.

* «A List of the Birds of Leicestershire,” by James Harley,
published in the third volume of Macgillivray’s ‘ History of British
Birds.’

40 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

RED-LEGGED PARTRIDGE. Perdix rufa, Latham.

Introduced about the year 1770*, and now a local
resident, gradually extending its range. A single
specimen only is recorded to have been met with in
Scotland, near Aberdeen}; and in Ireland it is un-
known, except as an introduced species in the
county of Galwayf. Messrs. Baikie and Heddle
state (‘Fauna Orcadensis, p. 56) that this species,
together with the Common Partridge, was introduced
into Orkney in 1840, by the Earl of Orkney.

Some interesting remarks upon the migratory
habits of this species will be found in Stevenson’s
‘ Birds of Norfolk,’ pp. 413-416.

QUAIL. Coturnia vulgaris, Fleming.

Generally regarded as a summer migrant to the
British Islands; but numbers remain during the
winter, especially in Ireland. On the east of Scotland,
strange to say, it is by no means so common as on
the west, although met with in nearly all the counties
from Berwick to Orkney. Its range northward and
westward extends to the Outer Hebrides, where the
nest has been found in Lewis and North Uist.

* Cf. Dr. Clarke (of Ipswich), in Charlesworth’s ‘Magazine of
Natural History’ for 1839, p. 142.

+ Gray, ‘ Birds of the West of Scotland,’ p. 243.
+ Thompson, ‘ Nat. Hist. Ireland’ (Birds), ii. p. 65.

BUSTARDS. 4]

Order IV. GRALLATORES.

Fam. -OTIDID ~.

GREAT BUSTARD. Otis tarda, Linneus.

“‘ Besides the barren ‘brecks’ of Norfolk and
Suffolk, the Great Bustard, on good authority, appears
in former times to have been extremely common on
all the open parts of this island which were suited to
its habits—the elevated moors of Haddingtonshire
and Berwickshire, the desolate wolds of Yorkshire
and Lincolnshire, Newmarket and Royston Heaths,
on the borders of Cambridgeshire, together with the
downs of Berkshire, Wiltshire, Dorsetshire, South-
ampton, and Sussex, being all more or less frequented
by it; but in every one of these localities it had
ceased to exist before the last of the race of British
Bustards fell victims to the advancement of agricul-
tural enterprise in this (Norfolk) and the adjoining
county”*. It has long been extinct in Scotland; the
occurrence of probably the last Scottish straggler is
recorded by Dr. Fleming, in his ‘ History of British
Animals,’ p. 115, where he states that one was shot in
1803, in Morayshire.. As regards Ireland, the Great
Bustard is included by Smith, in his ‘ History of
Cork,’ as one of the birds of the County of Cork, in
1749; but if ever it was really found in Ireland it
has long since become extinct there.

* Stevenson’s ‘ Birds of Norfolk,’ vol. 11. p. 2.

42 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

LITTLE BUSTARD. Otis tetrax, Linneus.

An occasional winter visitant. More than forty
instances of its occurrence in England are known
to me. In Scotland it is much rarer, and in Ireland
it is only known with certainty to have occurred once.
This was in the bog of Killough, co. Wicklow, in
August 1833.

Fam. CHARADRIID &.

STONE CURLEW. Cdicnemus crepitans, Temminck.

A summer migrant, especially to the chalk districts,
but is occasionally found in winter in Cornwall
(Rodd), Devon (M. A. Mathew), and the Isle of
Wight (A.G. More). These localities, therefore, may
be said to define the limits of its range northward in
winter. In the north of England and in Scotland it
is unknown, except as a rare straggler; and the same
remark applies to Ireland.

GOLDEN PLOVER. Charadrius pluvialis, Linneus.

Breeds in Scotland and the north of England, and
sparingly in Devon and Somerset. To the eastern
and southern counties of England it is a winter
visitant, sometimes remaining very late and occurring
very early. Professor A. Newton writes me word
that he believes he has seen the Golden Plover on
Thetford Warren during every month in the year, but
that it does not breed there. Mr. Thompson has

PLOVERS. 43

noted this species as permanently resident in Ireland,
and mentions many localities where it breeds
regularly.

GREY PLOVER. WSquatarola helvetica (Linneus).

A spring and autumn migrant, a few remaining
the winter. A single instance has come under my
observation of a Grey Plover remaining in England
throughout the summer. ‘This was in 1867, in the
neighbourhood of Pagham Harbour, Sussex. The
bird was seen constantly from the end of May, by
which time all the migrating flocks had left, until
the 29th of August following, on which day I
shot it. It exhibited no trace of any former wound,
and was in excellent condition.

LAPWING. Vanellus cristatus, Meyer.

Resident, and generally distributed; assembling in
large flocks at the approach of winter, when it is to a
certain extent migratory.

DOTTEREL. Kudromias morinellus (Linnzeus).

A spring and autumn migrant. Believed to breed
annually on the high ranges of Westmoreland and
Cumberland, and in the counties of Forfar, Kincar-
dine, Aberdeen, Banff, Moray, Sutherland, and Caith-
ness*, Although rare in Ireland, there is some
reason to suppose that this bird may breed annually,

* Macgillivray, ‘ Hist. British Birds,’ vol. iv. p. 112.

44 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

but in very limited numbers, on the high mountains
in the county of Tipperary*. An interesting account
of its nesting-habits as observed by Mr. Heysham in
Cumberland will be found in the second volume
(p. 295) of the ‘ Magazine of Natural History.’

RINGED PLOVER. igialitis hiaticula (Linnzus).

Although this species may be found upon some
part of the coast throughout the year, it is nevertheless
migratory in spring and autumn.

KENTISH PLOVER. igialitis cantiana (Latham).

A spring and autumn migrant, breeding annually
on the coasts of Kent and Sussex. It has been met
with in Cornwall (Rodd), Hants (Gurney), Suffolk
(Hele), Norfolk (Stevenson), and Yorkshire (Boyes) ;
but is of rare occurrence, except in the south of
England. According to Mr. Blake Knox (Zoologist,
1866, p. 301), it has been observed in a few instances,
during the migration, on the Dublin coast, but it is
at all times a rare visitant to Ireland.

TURNSTONE. Strepsilas interpres, Linnzus.

A spring and autumn migrant, a few remaining
throughout the winter. It is believed to nest in a few
localities in Great Britain. Dr. Embleton of Beadnall,
Northumberland, who used to visit the Farne Islands
annually in the nesting-season, wrote to me in 1866

* Thompson, ‘ Nat. Hist. Ireland ’ (Birds), vol. ii. p. 94.

PLOVERS. 45

as follows :—‘‘ The Turnstone breeds on the Farne
Islands, formerly plentifully, now very few.” When
visiting these islands myself in 1863, I purchased
from a fisherman at North Sunderland various eggs
which had been taken on the island the previous
year; and amongt them was one which, in the opinion
of experienced oologists, could only have belonged to
a Turnstone. Mr. Gray says this bird breeds on the
Isle of Staffa, and believes that limited numbers will
yet be found nesting on the Haskar rocks, the St.
Kilda group, and probably the Monach Isles—locali-
ties somewhat difficult of access, but well worth the
attention of ornithologists. He adds :—‘ It was sug-
gested by the late Dr. Fleming that this species might
breed in Shetland, as he had observed it there at all
seasons of the year; and I find it mentioned, in a MS.
note by one of the authors of the ‘ Fauna Orcadensis,’
that it breeds in the Orkney Islands.”

Mr. Thompson, in his ‘Nat. Hist. of Ireland’
(Birds), vol. ii. p. 120, says, ‘“‘ I am disposed to believe
that the Turnstone may breed in Ireland, though no
proof can be offered.”

OYSTER-CATCHER. Hematopus ostralegus (Linnzus).

May be found on some part of the coast throughout
the year, but is at the same time, to a certain extent,
migratory in spring and autumn.

46 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

Fam. SCOLOPACID &.

AVOCET. Recurvirostra avocetta, Linnzus.

Formerly a regular, now an occasional summer
visitant. The neighbourhood of Rye in Sussex, Rom-
ney Marsh in Kent, Salthouse in Norfolk, and West
Fen in Lincolnshire are upon record as former breed-
ing-places*. 'To these localities may be added Win-
terton and Horsey in Norfolk, the neighbourhood of
the Seven-Mile-House on the Bure, near Yarmouth,
and the mere-lands at Thorpe, near Aldeburgh ff.

GREENSHANK. Totanus glottis (Pallas).

A spring and autumn migrant, nesting regularly
in some parts of Scotland. See A. G. More, in ‘The
Ibis’ for 1865, p. 436, and Gray’s ‘ Birds of the West
of Scotland,’ p. 301.

DUSKY REDSHANK. Totanus fuscus (Linneus).

A spring and autumn migrant to England and
Scotland; a rare visitant to Ireland.

COMMON REDSHANK. Totanus calidris (Linneus).

Resident and generally distributed, but migratory
in spring and autumn.
* «The Ibis,’ 1865, p. 436.

+ Stevenson, ‘ Birds of Norfolk,’ 11. p. 238.
+ Hele, ‘ Notes about Aldeburgh,’ p. 120.

SANDPIPERS. AT

GREEN SANDPIPER. Totanus ochropus (Linnzus).

A spring and autumn migrant; a few sometimes
remain the winter. It is reported to have nested in
Yorkshire—Mr. Roberts, of the museum at Scar-
borough, having received specimens several times from
the neighbourhood of Hunmanby, in all cases shot in
June. ‘The keeper there says they breed in old crow’s
nests; he has seen them come off from the nests”.
This is quite in accordance with what has been ob-
served of this species on the Continent ; and it is now
a well-known fact that, instead of nesting on the ground
like other Sandpipers, it makes use of the deserted nest
of some insessorial bird, and frequently lays its eggs at
a considerable height from the ground. An excellent
account of the nidification of this bird, by Professor
Newton, will be found in the ‘ Proceedings of the
Zoological Society’ for 1863, pp. 529-532.

WOOD SANDPIPER. Totanus glareola (Linneus).

A spring and autumn migrant. A nestling bird
was found at Beechamwell, Norfolk, by the late Mr.
Scales, of Bustard celebrity£; and in June 1853 a
nest and eggs were discovered by Mr. J. Hancock on
Prestwick Carr, Northumberland). It is doubtful
whether this species occurs in Ireland.

* See Stevenson’s ‘ Birds of Norfolk,’ vol. i. p. 226, note.

+ This article was reprinted in the ‘ Zoologist’ for 1864, pp. 9115—
9118, and in the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 3rd ser., xiv. pp. 221-224.

+ Gurney and Fisher, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1846, p. 1324 and figure.
§ Hewitson’s ‘Eges of British Birds’ (3rd ed.), vol. ii. p. 382.

48 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

RUFF and REEVE. Machetes pugnasx (Linnzeus).

A spring and autumn migrant. Formerly nested
annually in the eastern counties of England. A few
pairs only now remain to breed in favourable localities,
where, fortunately, they are preserved.

COMMON SANDPIPER. Tringoides hypoleucus (Lin-
neus ).

Spring and autumn migrant; remaining to breed
in the north of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ire-
land. More rarely the nest has been found in some
of the southern counties of England.

KNOT. Tringa canutus, Linneus.
A spring and autumn migrant, some remaining
throughout the winter.

CURLEW SANDPIPER. Tinga subarquata (Giulden-
staedt).

A spring and autumn migrant. ‘The discovery of a
nest “in a tract of sedgy bog round the Loch of
Spynie, near Elgin, on the 8th June, 1853,” has
been chronicled by Mr. Robert Gray, in his ‘ Birds of
the West of Scotland.’

PURPLE SANDPIPER. Tringa maritima, Briinnich.

A regular winter visitant. Instances of its oc-
currence between April and September are rare,
although it is supposed to breed within the limits of
the British Islands. Hitherto, however, the nest has
not been discovered.

SANDPIPERS. 49

DUNLIN. Tringa alpina, Linneus.

Resident, yet migratory in spring and autumn.
Breeds in Northumberland, Scotland, the Hebrides,
and Shetland. The nest has also been found in Corn-
wall*; and the species used formerly to breed at
Martin Mere, an extensive tract of water and swamp
in Lancashire fF.

LITTLE STINT. Tringa minuta, Leisler.

A spring and autumn migrant. A few instances
have come under my notice in which this bird has
remained in England as late as the second week in
June.

It is sparingly distributed on the eastern coasts of
Scotland, but has not been met with on the western
shores. It appears in Ireland as a regular autumnal
visitant, but in limited numbers.

TEMMINCK’S STINT. Tringa temminckii, Leisler.

A spring and autumn migrant, but much rarer than
the last named. It has been met with once only in
Scotlandf, and once in Ireland 9.

SANDERLING. Calidris arenaria (Linneus).

A spring and autumn migrant, a few remaining
throughout the winter. On the west coast of Scotland

Rodd, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1868, p. 1319.

Berry, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1834, vol. vil. p. 599.

Gray, ‘ Birds of West of Scotland,’ p. 321.

Thompson, ‘ Nat. Hist. Ireland’ (Birds), vol. 11. p. 302.

rth —- *

£

50 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

it is said to be very common*; not so in Ireland,
where Mr. Thompson, speaking of the comparative
numbers of this species and the Dunlin, saysf, ‘ In
Belfast and Strangford Loughs there are fully two
thousand Dunlins to a single Sanderling; and on the
coast of Ireland generally there may probably be one
thousand of the former to each individual of the
latter species.” In ‘The Field’ of June 24th, 1871,
will be found a note by Dr. Bree on the supposed
nesting of the Sanderling in Ireland.

GREY PHALAROPE. Phalaropus fulicarius (Linneus).

An annual autumn migrant. No instance of its
occurring in England in the red plumage peculiar to
the breeding-season is known to me, although it oc-
casionally happens that specimens obtained here in
autumn have a very few of the red feathers still
showing through the winter dress.

RED-NECKED PHALAROPE. Phalaropus hyperboreus
(Linnezeus).

Breeds in Perthshire, Inverness, Sutherland, and
the Hebrides, formerly also in Orkney. It is an oc-
casional winter visitant to England, and is unknown
in Ireland.

WOODCOCK. Scolopax rusticola, Linneus.

A regular winter visitant ; but many pairs annually
remain to nest in suitable localities.

* Gray, ‘ Birds of the West of Scotland,’ p. 261.
+ Nat. Hist. Ireland (Birds), vol. ii. p. 122.

SNIPES. 51

GREAT SNIPE. Gallinago major (Gmelin).

Visits this country regularly every autumn, and
always earlier than the Common Snipe. Instances of
its occurrence in spring are rare. It appears to seek
drier situations than does the Common Snipe :—e. ¢.,
one shot by the Earl of Haddington in a dry grass-
field near Mellerstain, Berwickshire, in the autumn
of 1865 (Turnbull, ‘ Birds of East Lothian,’ p. 43) ;
two on high ground, Malham, Yorkshire, 6th Sept.
1862 (Christy Horsfall, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1862, p. 8196);
one in a piece of potatoes, on dry sand, near Milton
Pewsey, Wilts, 23rd Sept. 1868 (‘ The Field,’ 3rd Oct.
1868); one in some heather on Salisbury Plain, 24th
Sept. 1868 (Powell, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1868, p. 1461); and
other examples might be adduced. ;

It is worthy of note that a Great Snipe, shot at
Camelford, Cornwall, in November 1868, and ex-
amined by Mr. E. H. Rodd of Penzance*, had eighteen
instead of sixteen feathers in the tail.

COMMON SNIPE. Gallinago media, Leach.

A regular winter visitant, but many pairs annually
remain to breed in suitable localities. With reference
to the large ruddy variety for which Mr. Gould
has suggested the name G. russata, see his ‘ Birds of
Great Britain ;’ Stevenson’s ‘ Birds of Norfolk,’ vol. ii.
p- 851; Rodd, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1855, p. 4704; Gatcombe,
‘ Zoologist,’ 1862, p. 7938; Blake Knox, ‘ Zoologist,‘

* See ‘ Zoologist,’ 1868, p. 1482.

= 3)

vies)

52 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

1866, p. 302; and Brooking Rowe, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1866,
p- 97, ‘The Field, 28th Nov. 1868, and ‘ Land and
Water,’ 7th Jan. 1871.

A remarkable paper on the “drumming” of the
Snipe, by Herr Meves, translated from the Swedish
by the late Mr. John Wolley, will be found in the
‘Proceedings of the Zoological Society’ for 1858,
Pp: 109.

SABINE’S SNIPE. (Gallinago sabini (Vigors).

Although the claim of this bird to rank asa species
has not been satisfactorily established, it is inserted
in this part of the ‘ Handbook’ because it has been
treated as specifically distinct by Mr. Yarrell in his
‘History of British Birds,’ and because, so far as I
am aware, it has not been met with out of the British
Islands*. In ‘ The Field’ of Dec. 10th, 1870, I fur-
nished a list of the reported occurrences of this bird
to that date. From this list it appears to have been
met with in England and Ireland in every month of
the year excepting June and July. Its absence from
Scotland, as indicated by Scottish naturalists, is re-
markable.

JACK SNIPE. Gallinago gallinula (Linnzus).

A regular winter visitant. A few cases are on
record in which this bird has been seen in England

* Since writing the above, I have been informed that a light-
coloured specimen of this bird, now in the foreign collection of the
British Museum, was shot near Paris by a friend of M. Jules
Verreaux.

GODWITS. 53

during the summer months; but there is no satisfac-
tory evidence of its having nested here.

BAR-TAILED GODWIT. Limosa lapponica (Linnzeus).

A spring and autumn migrant, and much commoner
than the following species; but, strange to say, no
instance has been discovered of its nesting in the
British Islands.

BLACK-TAILED GODWIT. JLimosa egocephala (Lin-
nus).
A spring and autumn migrant. Formerly nested
annually in the fens of Norfolk, Cambridge, Hunting-
don, and Lincoln.

CURLEW. Numenius arquatus (Linnzus).

Resident; breeding in Scotland, Northumberland,
Derbyshire, Yorkshire, Shropshire, North and South
Wales, Devonshire, Cornwall, and in many parts of
Ireland.

WHIMBREL. Numenius pheopus (Linneus).

A spring and autumn migrant—a few pairs re-
maining to breed in Sutherlandshire and Caithness,
as also in Orkney and Shetland. Mr. A. G. More
states*, on the authority of Mr. Thomas Gough of
Kendal, that the nest of the Whimbrel has been
found on the mountains of Yorkshire, adjoining
Westmoreland.

* 'The Ibis, 1865, p. 434.

54 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

Fam. TAN TA LID:

GLOSSY IBIS. bis falcinellus (Gmelin).

Formerly seen often enough in England to be known
to gunners and fishermen as the Black Curlew*; but
now a rare visitant, generally appearing in autumn.

Fam. PLATALEID &.

SPOONBILL. Platalea leucorodia, Linneus.

Formerly resident, now only an occasional visitant.
According to Sir Thomas Brownef, this bird used to
nest at Claxton and Reedham in Norfolk, and at
Trimley in Suffolk.

Pam: C1 CO Nuwar

WHITE STORK. Ciconia alba, Bechstein.

An irregular visitant to England, rarer in Scotland,
and has been once procured in Ireland.

Fam. GRUID &.

COMMON CRANE. Grus cinerea, Bechstein.

According to Ray, and Willughby, the Crane was
formerly resident in the British Islands. Turner
says { ‘“‘ Earum pipiones ipse seepissime vidi.” Leslie

* Lubbock’s ‘ Fauna of Norfolk’ (1845), p. 54.

y Sir Thomas Browne’s Works (Wilkin’s ed.), vol. iv. p: 315.

+ Historia Avium, 1548.

HERONS. 5d

also, in 1578, speaks of the bird as common in Scot-
land (‘* Grues plurime’’)*.

In a “ Notice of animals which have disappeared
from Ireland during the period of authentic history,”
the author, Dr. Scouler, remarks#, ‘“ The Crane, Grus
cinerea, was formerly so plentiful that, according to
Giraldus, flocks consisting of a hundred individuals
were extremely common.’ ‘The words of Giraldus
are, “In tanta vero numerositate se grues ingerunt,
ut uno in grege centum et circiter numerum frequenter
invenies’’{. At the present day, however, this bird
can only be considered a rare visitant to Great Britain.

No notice of the species would be complete
without reference to the very graphic account of its
nesting, as observed in Lapland, by the late Mr.
John Wolley, published in ‘'The Ibis’ for 1859.

Fam. ARDEID &.
COMMON HERON. Ardea cinerea, Linneus.

Resident, and generally distributed. In‘'The Field’
of Feb. 17th and March 9th, 1872, I published a list
of all the Heronries ascertained to be then or lately
existing in the British Islands. I have since received
notices of a few others.

PURPLE HERON. Ardea purpurea, Linneus.

An occasional visitant to England. Has occurred

* De origine moribus et rebus gestis Scotorum, p. 25.
+ Journ. Geol. Soc. Dublin, vol. i. p. 224.
+ Topographia Hibernie, p. 705.

56 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

twice in Scotland, and is stated to have been once ob-
tained in Ireland.

NIGHT HERON. Nycticorax griseus (Linneus).

There is good reason to believe that this bird at one
time nested annually in England in suitable localities.
Although this is no longer the case, specimens are still
met with at irregular intervals every year (I have notes
of its occurrence in upwards of fifty instances), and
it may accordingly be considered an annual visitant.

An interesting account of the nesting-habits of this
bird, as observed by Mr. Swinhoe, will be found in
‘The Ibis’ for 1861, p. 53.

COMMON BITTERN. Sotaurus stellaris (Linneus).

At one time common in England and Ireland; but
the drainage of marsh-lands has almost entirely de-
terred it from nesting here. It is now most frequently
met with in winter. Messrs. Lubbock and Stevenson,
in their respective works, refer to several instances of
its having nested in Norfolk. Graves, in his ‘ British
Ornithology,’ mentions a nest on the river Cam in
1821, which contained four young birds and an addled
ege; and gives a figure of the old bird, which was
shot off the nest. In 1849 or 1850, a nest containing
four eggs was found at Tring Reservoir, Herts*; and
a few years later a nest and eggs were taken, and the
female bird shot, near Drayton Beauchamp, Bucks* ;
while, in the latest instance recorded, a nest con-

* A. G. More, in ‘ The Ibis,’ 1865, p. 433.
y A. C. Kennedy, in ‘ The Zoologist,’ 1868, p. 1255.

RAILS. ip

taining two eggs was found on Upton Broad, Norfolk,
on the 30th March 1868, and on the 25th May fol-
lowing a nestling Bittern was captured at the same
place *.

LITTLE BITTERN. Botaurus minutus (Linneus).

An occasional summer visitant to England. It
has occurred in a few instances only in Scotland and
Ireland. Although no well authenticated instance of
its having nested in this country is on record, there
is at least presumptive evidence of its having done
so. Its skulking habits, and the almost impenetrable
nature of the swamps which it frequents, render de-
tection, except by accident, extremely difficult.

Fam. RA LLID &.
WATER RAIL. Fallus aquaticus, Linneus.

Resident, but migratory also in spring and autumn,
the birds which remain with us throughout the winter
receiving considerable accessions to their numbers in
March and April, these numbers being again visibly
diminished in the fall of the year.

LAND RAIL or CORN CRAKE. Crea} pratensis, Bech-
stein.
A summer migrant. Many instances, however, are
on record of its having been met with in England
during the winter months.

* Stevenson, ‘ Birds of Norfolk,’ vol. 1. p. 164.
t Genus Crea, Bechstein, ‘ Naturg. Deutschl.’ iv. p. 470 (1803) ;
Porzana, Vieillot, ‘ Analyse,’ p. 61 (1816).

58 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

SPOTTED CRAKE. Crex porzana (Linneus).

A spring and autumn migrant, occasionally re-
maining to nest in suitable localities. Before the fen-
lands were so extensively drained, it used to breed
commonly in the eastern counties of England.

BAILLON’S CRAKE. Crew bailloni (Vieillot).

As the nest of this species has several times been
found in England, and the bird itself has been pro-
cured in almost every month of the year, it is in-
cluded in this part of the ‘Handbook’ as a local
resident. It has only once been obtained in Scotland,
and once in Ireland, and appears to be almost entirely
confined, in England, to the eastern counties.

LITTLE CRAKE. Crex pusilla (Gmelin).

Has been noticed sufficiently often in England to
Justify its being placed in this part of the ‘ Hand-
book. The seasons of the year at which it has been
killed seem to indicate that it is a spring and autumn
migrant. On the other hand it may be a scarce
resident, whose small size and skulking habits cause
it to be very often overlooked. It has not been met
with either in Scotland or Ireland.

MOORHEN. Gallinula chloropus (Linneus).
Resident, and generally distributed.

COOT. Fulica atra, Linneus.

Resident ; but migratory in autumn, and assembling
in large flocks in winter.

SWANS. 59

Order V. NATATORES.
Fam. ANATID &.

WILD SWAN or WHOOPER. Cygnus musicus, Bech-
stein.

A regular winter visitant, most numerous in Scot-
land.

BEWICK’S SWAN. Cygnus minor, Keys. & Blasius.

A regular winter visitant, said to be commoner in
Ireland than the Whooper*.

GREY LAG GOOSE. Anser ferus (Gmelin).

Breeds annually in some parts of Scotland and in
the Hebrides, formerly also in the English fens. It
is now a winter visitant to England and Ireland, but
by no means common.

BEAN GOOSE. Anser segetum (Gmelin).

A winter visitant. It was stated by Macgillivray
that this Goose frequented the Hebrides in summer ;
but this has since been shown to be a mistakef.
The bird is very common, however, in the Hebrides
in winter. According to Mr. Selby, also, it has been
found breeding on some of the lakes in Suther-
landshire ; but recent observers have not been able

* Thompson, ‘ Nat. Hist. Ireland’ (Birds), iii. p. 17.
+ Gray, ‘ Birds of the West of Scotland,’ p. 343.

60 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

to confirm this statement. In Ireland it is a regular
winter visitant.

PINK-FOOTED GOOSE. Anser brachyrhynchus, Baillon.

A winter visitant. Said to have been found breed-
ing by Macgillivray on the islands in the Sound of
Harris, and on the lakes of North Uist; but subse-
quent observation showed that he had mistaken the
Grey Lag Goose for this species. Mr. Robert Gray
says the Pink-footed Goose is only found in the
winter months in any part of Scotland; and, with the
exception of the western islands, no locality can
boast of it in any numbers.

According to Mr. Thompson, ‘‘it cannot yet be
announced as obtained in Ireland, though particularly
looked for of late years.”

WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE. Anser albifrons (Gmelin).

A winter visitant to England, Scotland, and Ireland,
but somewhat local in its distribution.

It has been clearly shown by Professor Newton, in
a paper read before the Zoological Society in June
1860*, that Linneus applied the specific name
‘“erythropus” to the smaller race of White-fronted
Goose, known as Anser minutus of Naumann, and
Anser tenuninckii of Boie, which inhabits Lapland,

9

and which does not visit Great Britain. The larger
White-fronted Goose, which visits the British Islands

* P.Z.S. 1860, p. 539; reprinted in ‘The Ibis,’ 1860, p. 404.

GEESE. 61

regularly in winter, should therefore bear the name
Anser albifrons of Gmelin, that name being the next
in priority of date.

BERNICLE GOOSE. Anser leucopsis, Bechstein.

A winter visitant; very common in the west of
Scotland and in the outer Hebrides, and said to be
commoner on the west than on the east coast of
England.

BRENT GOOSE. Anser bernicla (Linneus).

A regular winter visitant ; said to be commoner on
the eastern than on the western shores. Mr. Robert
Gray says that throughout Western Scotland the
Brent Goose is much less common than the Bernicle.

CANADA GOOSE. Anser canadensis (Linneus).

An irregular winter visitant.

EGYPTIAN GOOSE. Anser egyptiacus (Linneus).

An annual winter visitant.

SHELDRAKE. Tadorna vulpanser, Fleming.

A local resident, affecting the sand-hills upon the
coast, where it makes its nest in a burrow ; hence the
name “ Burrow-Duck” which has been given to it.
In the Hebrides it has been observed breeding “ in
rocky holes” *, which is rather remarkable.

* Gray, ‘ Birds of the West of Scotland, p. 363.

62 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

WILD DUCK. Anas boschas, Linneus.

A local resident, migratory in spring and autumn.

GADWALL. Anas strepera, Linneus.

A rare winter visitant, less common in Scotland
and Ireland than in England. ‘The British Islands
generally lie too far west to be visited by this species.

SHOVELLER. Anas clypeata, Linneus.

A spring and autumn migrant, occasionally re-
maining to breed. ‘The nest is reported to have been
found in Haddingtonshire, Elgin, and Dumbarton-
shire, in Northumberland, Durham, Staffordshire,
Norfolk, Kent, and Dorsetshire. Yarrell states that
it formerly bred in Romney Marsh; and Mr. Hewitson,
in his ‘ Kees of British Birds, mentions Hornsea
Mere as a nesting-place. In Ireland the Shoveller is
a regular winter visitant.

PINTAIL. Anas acuta, Linneus.

A regular winter visitant in small numbers.

WIGEON. Anas penelope, Linneus.

Breeds regularly in the north of Scotland, and
rarely in England. ‘The nest is reported to have been
found in Derbyshire, Cheshire, Norfolk, and Sussex.
It is best known, however, as a winter visitant.

TEAL. Querquedula crecca (Linneus).

A local resident, and, like the Wild Duck, migra-

tory in spring and autumn.

DUCKS. 63

As the American Green-winged Teal (Anas caroli-
nensis, Gmelin) is believed to have occurred in this
country, it may be well to remark that it differs
from the European bird in wanting the white streak
which extends from the bill over the eye in the latter ;
and the white line below the eye is also nearly absent,
being very indistinctly marked. It is also without the
cream-coloured band on the scapulars, while across
the shoulder there is a distinct transverse bar of white,
no trace of which is to be found in the European bird.
Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., informs me that two instances
are known to him of the occurrence of the American
Blue-winged Teal (4. discors, Linneus) in England ;
and Mr. R. Gray has recorded the capture of one in
Scotland*; but as so many foreign wild fowl are
annually imported for our parks and ornamental
waters, it is almost impossible to say whether the
solitary examples found at large from time to time
are truly wild or escaped birds.

GARGANEY. Querquedula circia (Linneus).

A spring and autumn migrant, occasionally remain-
ing to breed. The nest is reported to have been
found in Norfolk, Cambridge, and Huntingdon. It
is of rare occurrence in Scotland; and but very few
examples have been met with in Ireland.

POCHARD. Fuligula ferina (Linneus).
A winter visitant, occasionally remaining to breed.

* Birds of the West of Scotland, p. 373.

64 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

The nest is recorded to have been found in Yorkshire,
Norfolk, and on the borders of Herts and Bucks.

FERRUGINOUS DUCK. Fuligula ferruginea* (Gmelin).

A spring visitant, generally to the eastern counties
of England, between the Thames and the Humber.
The east of England would therefore appear to be
the western limit of its regular migration, the few
individuals which have been killed more to the west-
ward being stragglers. Mr. R. Gray says, ‘‘ I know of
but one instance of the occurrence of this bird in
any part of Scotland;” and, according to Mr. Thomp-
son it has not been obtained in Ireland f.

SCAUP. uligula marila (Linneus).

A winter visitant. Supposed to have nested in
Sutherlandshire 9.

The so-called American Scaup, Puligula mariloides,
figured and described by Yarrell (Hist. Brit. Birds,
vol. ili. p. 549), is now generally admitted to be no
species, but a hybrid. The specimen figured by Mr.
Yarrell belonged to Mr. Doubleday; and at the sale
of that gentleman’s collection in August 1871, it was
purchased by Mr. Bond, in whose possession it now
remains. From an examination of this specimen, I have
little doubt that it is a hybrid between the Pochard
This Duck is also the “ Anas nyroca”’ of Gmelin.

Birds of the West of Scotland, p. 385.
Nat. Hist. Ireland (Birds), i. p. 134.

Selby, “On the Birds of Sutherland,” Edinb. New Phil. Journ.
vol. xx. p. 293.

tt ®

Wf

DUCKS. 65

and Scaup, although it is but fair to add that this
view is not shared by Mr. Bond, who considers it a
hybrid between F. ferina and ferruginea. The broad
bill, however, and dark colour of the head and dorsal
plumage are points which seem to me to indicate a
relationship to the Scaup.

The specimen recorded to have been shot on Rol-
lesby Broad, Norfolk*, is in the possession of Mr.
J. H. Gurney, who informs me that “it is not the
American Scaup, but a Paget’s Pochard, Fuligula
homeyeri vel ferinoides, now believed to be a hy-
brid between the Pochard and Ferruginous Duck.”
Of this cross Mr. Gurney has a second example,
shot at Little Waxham, Norfolk, in February 1859 ;
and a third and well-marked specimen is in the col-
lection of Mr. Bond f.

The bird shot near Scarborough in January 1855,
and stated (Zoologist 1855, p. 4631; Yarrell, /. ¢.) to
have been an American Scaup, was examined by
Mr. John Hancock, who found it to be a female
Pochard. Professor Baird has remarked (Birds N.
Amer. p. 791) that the / mariloides of Yarrell is
not the /. mariloides of Vigors (Voy. H.M.S. ‘ Blos-
som, 1859, p. 31), although Yarrell himself thought
it was (cf. Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. iii. p/ 349). And

* Fisher, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1845, p. 1137; 1847, p. 1778, fig.

+ Other examples have been obtained and recorded. See Bartlett,
P. Z.8S. 1847, p. 48; ‘ Zoologist,’ 1847, p. 1779; Ann. & Mag. Nat.
Hist. 1847, vol. xix. p. 422; and Stevenson, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1872,
p. 2980.

66 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

here I would hazard the opinion that while the
former is a hybrid, the latter is not a good species,
haying been founded apparently upon small specimens
of the well-known Scaup, an inhabitant of both
Nearctic and Palearctic regions*.

TUFTED DUCK. fuligula cristata (Leach).

A winter visitant; but several instances are on
record of its having remained to breed in England f.

GOLDEN-EYE. Clangula glaucion (Linneeus).

A winter visitant. Has been once known to breed in
Sutherlandshire, a nest with young birds having been
found by a shepherd in the hollow of an old larch tree
on Loch Assynt.

LONG-TAILED DUCK. Harelda glacialis (Linneus).

A winter visitant. From information supplied to
the late Mr. John Wolley, it seems possible that this
Duck may occasionally remain to nest in Shetland.

COMMON SCOTER. Cdemia nigra (Linnzus).

A winter visitant, occasionally remaining till late in
summer, and said to have nested in Caithness and
Invernessshire f.

* See Baird, Birds N. Amer. p. 791, and Swainson, Faun. Bor.-
Amer. (Birds), p. 453.

+ See ‘ The Ibis,’ 1865, p. 446.

t Gray, ‘ Birds of the West of Scotland,’ p. 382.

DUCKS. 67

VELVET SCOTER. Cdemia fusca (Linneus).

A rare winter visitant. Mr. J. H. Gurney thinks
it appears rarer than it really is, from its habit of
keeping out some miles at sea.

In Orkney it seems to be an annual winter visitant.
Messrs. Baikie and Heddle remark* that it arrives in
September and October, remaining until the spring,
and frequenting the bays and firths in flocks generally
of from ten to twenty.

EIDER DUCK. Somateria mollissima (Linnzeus).

Resident in Shetland, Orkney, the Hebrides, the
coasts of Scotland, and the coast of Northumberland,
occasionally migrating as far south as the English
Channel. The southernmost breeding-station is be-
lieved to be Coquet Island.

SMEW. WMergus albellus, Linneus.

A winter visitant, but not numerous, and never seen
in large flocks like many of the other Ducks.

RED-BREASTED MERGANSER. Mergus serrator, Lin-
nus.

Resident in Scotland and Ireland, where it breeds
on the small islands in the lakes; a winter visitant
to England. Mr. J. H. Gurney informs me that he
once saw an adult male of this species in summer near
Lowestoft.

* Hist. Nat. Orcadensis (1848), p. 79.
F 2

68 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

GOOSANDER. Mergus merganser, Linneus.

A winter visitant to England and Ireland. Of more
frequent occurrence in Scotland, and said to breed
in the Hebrides*; although Capt. Elwes, who spent
two months in the Hebrides during the nesting-
season of 1868, made special search for this species
without seeing itf; and Capt. Feilden and Mr. Harvie
Brown, who visited the Long Island in the summer
of 1870, were also unsuccessful in their search for it.
Dr. Dewar, however, found it breeding in North
Uist in 1858, and shot a female off the nest{. In
May 1871, Mr. Harvie Brown received fresh eggs of
this bird from the north of Perthshire. ‘The nest, as
he informs me, was placed in the hollow of an old

tree; and the eggs were taken on or about the 20th
of May.

Fam. COLYMBID &.

GREAT NORTHERN DIVER. Colymbus glacialis, Lin-
neus.

A winter visitant, a few remaining throughout the
summer in Ireland and the Hebrides. The nest,
however, has not been found in the British Islands.

Macgillivray, ‘ Hist. British Birds’; ‘ The Ibis,’ 1865, p. 447.
‘The Ibis,’ 1869, p. 22.
Gray, ‘ Birds of the West of Scotland,’ p. 4038.

++ —- %&

GREBES. 69

BLACK-THROATED DIVER. Colymbus arcticus, Lin-
neus.

Resident in Scotland and the Hebrides, where it
breeds in limited numbers; a winter visitant to
England and Ireland.

RED-THROATED DIVER. Colymbus septentrionalis,
Linneus. :

Resident in Scotland and the Hebrides, where it
breeds ; a winter visitant to England and Ireland. It
may be observed that all three species of Diver occa-
sionally remain about their winter quarters long
enough to acquire the full breeding-plumage.

Fam. PODICIPT DA.
GREAT CRESTED GREBE. Lodiceps cristatus (Lin-
neeus).

A local resident, migrating southward in winter.

RED-NECKED GREBE. Podiceps rubricollis (Gmelin).

A winter visitant, sometimes (though rarely) remain-
ing late enough in spring to display the complete
breeding-plumage. It is of rare occurrence in Ireland.

SCLAVONIAN GREBE. JPodiceps cornutus (Gmelin).

The same remarks apply as to the last named.

70 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

EARED GREBE. Podiceps auritus (Linneus).

The same remarks apply.

LITTLE GREBE. Podiceps minor (Gmelin).

Resident throughout the year, but migratory in
spring and autumn.

*

Fam. ALCID &.

PUFFIN. Lratercula arctica (Linnzus).

A regular summer migrant to all the shores of the
British Islands.

Another species, ratercula glacialis (Leach), was
reported to have been met with in the Isle of Wight* ;
but the identification of the specimen obtained sub-
sequently proved to be incorrect.

An excellent account of F. glacialis, by Professor
Newton, with a coloured plate by Wolf, will be found
in ‘ The Ibis’ for 1865, p. 212, pl. vi.

RAZOR-BILL. <Alca torda, Linneus.

May be found in the tideway of the open sea all
round the coast at any time of year, but is most con-
spicuous when frequenting the cliffs in hundreds during
the breeding-season.

* More, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1860, p. 6858; and Venables, ‘ Guide to the
Isle of Wight,’ p. 454.

AUKS. val

LITTLE AUK. Alca alle, Linneus.

A winter visitant, but somewhat irregular in its
appearance.

GREAT AUK or GARE-FOWL. Alca impennis, Linnzeus.

Formerly met with in the British Islands, but now
believed to be extinct, no examples having been pro-
cured or seen since 1844 or 1845.

In Martin’s ‘Voyage to St. Kilda,’ published in
1869, this bird is spoken of as formerly breeding on
St. Kalda; and as recently as 1840 Mr. John Mac-
gillivray found that it was well known to the inhabi-
tants of that remote isle, although it had not been
observed to breed there for many years previously.

The records of its occurrence in Great Britain are
so few that they may be shortly enumerated here as
follows :—

One seen off Fair Isle, Orkney, June 1798. Baikie & Heddle,
Hist. Nat. Orcadensis, p. 88.

Two, Papa Westra, Orkney, 1812, one of which was sent to the
late Mr. Bullock. At the sale of his collection in 1819 it was pur-
chased for the British Museum, where it is still preserved. Montagu,
Orn. Dict. Suppl. (1813); Latham, Gen. Hist. Birds, vol. x.; Yarrell,
Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. i. p. 480.

One taken alive off St. Kilda, 1821 or 1822, and examined by Dr.
Fleming; afterwards escaped. Edinb. Phil. Journ. vol. x. p. 97,
and Fleming, ‘ Hist. Brit. Animals,’ p. 130.

One taken alive off St. Kilda, 1829, which afterwards escaped.
Macgillivray, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. v. p. 361. But this statement
must refer to the last-mentioned specimen.

One picked up dead off Lundy Island, 1829. Moore, ‘ Cat. Web-
footed Birds, Devon.’

(2 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

One taken alive, Waterford Harbour, May 1834, and lived about
five months in confinement. It is now preserved in the University
Museum, Dublin. Thompson, P. Z. 8.1835, p. 79, and ‘ Nat. Hist.
Ireland, Birds,’ vol. iii. p. 238.

One, also on the coast of Waterford, about the same time, but not
preserved. Thompson, ‘ Nat. Hist. Ireland, Birds,’ vol. ii. p. 239.

One picked up on the long strand of Castle Freke, co. Cork, about
February 1844, ‘ having been water-soaked in a storm.” Thomp-
son, op. cit.

Two seen in Belfast Bay, 23rd September, 1845. Thompson,
op. cit.

In addition to the instances above mentioned two
others are on record, both of which are undoubtedly
mistakes. Dr. Fleming, in his ‘ History of British
Animals’ (p. 150), states that Mr. Bullock informed
him that ‘a Great Auk was taken in a pond of fresh
water two miles from the Thames, on the estate of Sir
Wm. Clayton, in Buckinghamshire.” The Great Auk,
however, being incapable of flight, such an occurrence
would be physically impossible ; and the bird referred
to was, in all probability, one of the Divers. Again,
Messrs. Sheppard and Whitear, in their ‘ Catalogue
of Norfolk and Suffolk Birds” (1826)*, state that they
were assured by Dr. Hooker that a bird of this species
was some years since killed near Southwold, Suffolk.
Sir Wm. Hooker, however, has since informed Pro-
fessor Newton that he has no recollection of having
made such a statement. He may have referred to a
Little Auk, Alca alle, and have been misunder-
stood.

* Trans. Linn. Soe. vol. xv. p. 61.

AUKS. 4a

Besides the sources of information above indicated,
the following important articles relating to the history
of this singular bird should be referred to:—Dr.
Charlton “On the Great Auk,” Zoologist, 1860,
pp. 6883-6888; Professor Newton’s “Abstract of Mr. °
Wolley’s Researches in Iceland,” Ibis, 1861, pp. 374—
399, “On a Natural Mummy” of this bird, P. Z. 5S.
1863, reprinted in Zoologist, 1864, pp. 9122-9124,
“The Gare-fowl and its Historians,’ Nat. Hist. Re-
view, 1865, pp. 467-488, and “ Existing Remains,”
Ibis, 1870, pp. 256-261 ; Coues, ‘‘ Monograph of the
Alcide,’ Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jan.
1868; Steenstrup, “ Materials for a history of Alca
impennis” (a French translation from the Danish ori-
ginal), Bulletin de la Soc. Orn. Suisse, 1868, tome 1.
pp. 5-70, and, in the same volume, Fatio, “ Remarks
on specimens existing in Switzerland,” pp. 73-89;
J. H. Gurney, jun., “‘General notes and corrections
of Thompson’s account of Irish specimens,” Zoologist,
1868, pp. 1442-1458, and 1869, pp. 1639-1643;
Wyman, “Remains found in Kitchen-middens in
Maine and Massachusetts,” American Naturalist,
1868, pp. 561 and 622; R. Gray, “ Résumé of Scot-
tish records of the species,’ ‘Birds of the West of
Scotland’ (1871), pp. 441-453. In the last-mentioned
work will also be found an allusion to the discovery,
in 1864, of the remains of two Gare-fowls ina “kitchen-
midden” on the coast of Caithness.

74 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

GUILLEMOT. Uria troile (Linneus).

May be seen in the tideway of the open sea all round
the coast at any time of year—but most conspicuous
during the breeding-season, when assembling by hun-
dreds on the cliffs.

The so-called Ringed Guillemot (Uria ringvia, leuc-
ophthalmus, or lacrymans, as it has been variously
styled) can scarcely be regarded as any thing more than
a variety of the common species, from which it differs
only in having a white line encircling and extending
behind the eye*.

Miiller, in his ‘ Bird-fauna of the Feeroes,’ says,
“this is certainly but a variety of trodle, for I have
watched the one pairing with the other, and have seen
a Ringed Guillemot feeding a young one which a
Common Guillemot had under her wing.” Mr. Harvie
Brown informs me that he has witnessed a similar
thing in the Hebrides f.

BLACK GUILLEMOT. Uria grylle (Linneus).

Resident in the Hebrides, on some parts of the
Scottish coast, and in Ireland. It is also found upon
the Welsh coast, but is rare in the east and south
of England.

* An analogous variation is sometimes met with in the Razor-
bill (‘ The Field,’ March 23, 1872).
T See also Gray, ‘ Birds of the West of Scotland,’ p. 424.

CORMORANTS. 75

Fam. PELECANID &.

CORMORANT. Graculus carbo (Linneus).

Resident and generally distributed, but most nume-
rous on the northern and western coasts.

SHAG. Graculus cristatus (Faber).
Resident, but not so numerous as the last named,

except perhaps on the northern and western isles of
Scotland.

GANNET. Sula bassana (Linneus).

Resident. ‘The breeding-stations are :—Lundy Is-
land in the British Channel; Ailsa Craig, off Ayr-
shire; St. Kilda, in the Outer Hebrides; Suliskerry,
to the west of Hoy, in Orkney; and the Bass Rock,
in the Firth of Forth.

Fam. LA RID &.

COMMON TERN. Sterna fluviatilis, Naumann.

A summer visitant, and generally distributed. This
bird has generally been regarded as the Sterna hirundo
of Linneus; but the species described by him under
that name is evidently the Arctic Tern, as may be
inferred from his description of the bill:—* rostrum
subulatum, versus apicem compressum, rectum, coc-
cineum, uti et pedes.”

76 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

ARCTIC TERN. Sterna hirundo, Linneus.

A summer visitant. ‘This is the Sterna macroura of
Naumann, ‘ Isis,’ 1819, p. 1847; Sterna arctica of
Temminck, Man. d’Orn. (1820) vol. ii. p. 742.

ROSEATE TERN. Sterna dougallii, Montagu*.

A rare summer visitant. The breeding-stations of
this and the last-named species will be found ad-
verted to by Mr. A. G. More in ‘The Ibis’ for 1865,
p. 402.

SANDWICH TERN. Sterna cantiaca, Gmelin.
A summer visitant, but very partial in its choice of
breeding-ground.

LESSER TERN. Sterna minuta, Linneus.
A summer visitant, but somewhat restricted in its
distribution during the nesting-season.

BLACK TERN. Sterna fissipes, Linneus.

A spring and autumn migrant—but formerly a
regular summer visitant, breeding in several of the
eastern counties.

LITTLE GULL. Larus minutus, Pallas.

Irregular visitant in autumn; the individuals ob-
tained are usually birds of the year or adults in winter
plumage.

* The more appropriate name, Sterna paradisea, Brimnich, is un-
fortunately precluded from use, under the rules for zoological nomen-

clature, in consequence of haying been bestowed prior to 1766, the
date of the 12th edition of Linneus’s ‘ Systema Nature.’

GULLS. ii!

BLACK-HEADED GULL. Larus ridibundus, Linneus.

A local resident, migratory in spring and autumn.

KITTIWAKE. Larus tridactylus, Linneus.

A local resident, to a certain extent migratory.

COMMON GULL. Larus canus, Linneus.

The same remark applies to this species as to the
last named.

ICELAND GULL. Larus leucopterus, Faber.

A winter visitant, but not common.

HERRING GULL. Larus argentatus, Ginelin.

Resident, and the most widely distributed of all our
Gulls.

GLAUCOUS GULL. Larus glaucus, Gmelin.

A winter visitant; more numerous in Shetland,
Orkney, and the east coast of Scotland.

GREATER BLACK-BACKED GULL. Larus marinus,
Linneus.

Resident, but more particularly confined to the
north and west coasts.

LESSER BLACK-BACKED GULL. Larus fuscus, Lin-
nus.

Resident ; more numerous in the north.

78 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

COMMON SKUA. Lestris catarractes (Linneus).

Thirty years ago there were three separate breeding-
stations in the Shetlands: one is now completely de-
serted ; and in the other two the birds which resort
there to nest are annually becoming less numerous.
Towards the approach of winter this species migrates
southward ; and it is at this season of the year that it
is most frequently met with in Great Britain.

RICHARDSON’S SKUA. Lestris parasiticus (Linneus).

Breeds in Sutherland and Caithness, and in all three
eroups of the Scottish Isles. Migrates to the more
southern British coasts after the breeding-season.
Some interesting remarks on this species by Mr. L.
Edmondston will be found in vol. vii. of the Edinb.
Phil. Journal for 1822.

BUFFON’S SKUA. Lestris longicaudus, Vieillot.

An occasional visitant, chiefly in autumn. A good
account of the breeding-habits of this species, as
observed in Lapland, will be found in Wheelwright’s
‘Spring and Summer in Lapland,’ pp. 365-359.

POMATORHINE SKUA. Lestris pomatorhinus *, Tem-
minck.
First noticed as a British bird in the sale catalogue

* The specific name of this bird is generally written ‘“‘ pomarine,”
“ pomarinus ;*’ but the above is the correct orthography: th. zona,

moparos, operculum, and pis, purds, nasus.

Ld

PETRELS. 19

of the late Mr. Bullock’s Museum in 1819, in which
catalogue a specimen was included as an undescribed
Gull much allied to the Arctic, but greatly superior
in size; killed at Brighton. Since that date the bird
has occurred frequently, though at uncertain intervals
and chiefly in autumn, on various parts of the coast.
Mr. Thompson notices it as of occasional occurrence
in autumn and winter on the Ivish coast.

Fam. PROCELLARID 4.

MANX SHEARWATER. Puffinus anglorum (Ten-
minck).
Breeds in Orkney, Shetland, the Outer Hebrides,
North Wales, Isle of Man, Caldy Island, Lundy Island,
and the Scilly Isles.

GREATER SHEARWATER. fPuffinus major, Faber.

An annual visitant in autumn to the coasts of
Devon and Cornwall, and to the Scilly Isles, and met
with accidentally on other parts of the coast of Eng-
land and Ireland.

FULMAR. Fulmarus glacialis (Linneus).

Breeds in the Outer Hebrides, and notably at St.
Kilda. Migrates to the more southern British coasts
after the breeding-season, but keeps a good deal out
to sea.

80 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

STORM PETREL. Procellaria pelagica (Linneus).

Breeds in the Channel and Scilly Islands; on
Lundy Island, Ailsa Craig, Iona, Staffa, and ‘Tresh-
nish; in Skye, and in all three groups of the Western
and Northern Isles. Mr. J. H. Gurney writes me
word that he is informed that it breeds on small
islands off the coast of Pembrokeshire.

LEACH’S PETREL. Procellaria leachit (Temminck).

Breeds at St. Kilda in the Outer Hebrides (where
it was first noticed as a British bird by the late
Mr. Bullock in 1818), and in the Isle of Rum. Capt.
Elwes found it frequenting also the Isle of Mingalay,
where, in limited numbers, it breeds in holes and
cracks in the dry peat on the top of the cliffs.

It is described by Mr. R. Gray as “strictly a west-
ern species in Scotland ;” and two instances only of its
occurrence on the east coast are recorded by him.
In Ireland it has been repeatedly obtained in autumn
and winter; and, according to Mr. Thompson, it was
accurately described as breeding, in 1833, on rocky
islets near Sline Head, Galway.

On the English coasts it is not uncommon in the
fall of the year, at which season, after a prevalence
of north-westerly gales, it is sometimes met with at
a considerable distance from the sea.

Pear Ee:

RARE AND ACCIDENTAL VISITANTS.

Order I. RAPTORES.

Fam. VULTURID&.

GRIFFON VULTURE. Gyps fulvus (Gmelin).

Hab. Southern Europe ; North Africa; Western Asia.

One, Cork Harbour, spring 1843: Thompson, Nat. Hist.
Irel. (Birds), i. p. 84; Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, 1. p. 3.

EGYPTIAN VULTURE. eophron percnopterus (Lin-
neeus).
Hab. Southern Europe; Africa; Western Asia.

Two seen, one shot, Kilve, Somersetshire, October 1825:
Warrell; Elist. Brit. Birds, 1. p. 7.

One, Peldon, Essex, 28th Sept. 1868: Bree, Zoologist, 1868,
p. 1456.

Fam. FALCONID.

SPOTTED EAGLE. Aquila nevia (Gmelin).

Hab. Central and Southern Europe ; North Africa; Syria ;
India.

One, Horn Head, Donegal, 1831: Thompson, Nat. Hist.
Irel. (Birds), 1. p. 14.

One, Valentia Island, Kerry, May 1840: Weaver, Zoologist,
1846, p. 1246.

G2

84 RARE VISITANTS.

One near Youghal, Cork, January 1845: Thompson, Ann.
Nat. Hist. 1845, p. 351.

One, Lundy Island, 1858: Mathew, Zoologist, 1861, p. 7380.

One, Hawks Tor, Cornwall, 4th Dec. 1860: Rodd, Zoologist,
1861, p. 7311, and List Brit. Birds (2nd ed.), p. 5.

One, Carnanton, St. Colomb, Cornwall, end of October or
early in November 1861: Rodd, Zoologist, 1861, p. 7817,
and List Brit. Birds (2nd ed.), p. 6.

One near Somerley, Hants, 28th Dec. 1861: Wise, New
Forest, p. 313.

The true Gyrfalcon (Falco gyrfalco, Linnzus) has
not been met with in this country. Of the Greenland
and Iceland Falcons, it is probable that the latter has
occurred more frequently in Great Britain than the
former; but in many instances the two species have
not been distinguished. As it is now impossible,
without actual examination of the specimens, to name
correctly all the large white Falcons which have been
recorded as obtained in this country, those only can
be here noticed which have been seen and identified
by competent authorities.

For important remarks on the distinguishing charac-
ters, habits, and geographical distribution of these
Falcons, the reader may be referred to:—Hoy, Mag.
Nat. Hist. vol. vi. p. 108; Hancock, Ann. Nat. Hist.
vol. 11. p. 241, and Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2nd series)
vol. xiii. p. 110; The Ibis, 1862, pp. 43-53; New-
ton’s Ootheca Wolleyana, pp. 85-98; and Yarrell’s
Hist. Brit. Birds (4th ed.), vol. i. pp. 36-52.

FALCONS. 85

GREENLAND FALCON. Falco candicans, Gmelin.

Hab. Northern Europe and America; Iceland; Siberia.

One, Pembrokeshire: Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, i. p. 39.

One, Port Eliot, St. Germans, Cornwall: Rodd, List Brit.
Birds, 2nd ed. p. 6.

One, The Lizard, Cornwall: Rodd, /. ec.

One, Bungay Common, Suffolk: Hunt, British Ornithology,
figured ; Sheppard & Whitear, Catal. Norfolk and Suffolk
Birds, p. 2.

One near York, Feb. 1837: Hancock in letter to Mr.
Thompson, Nat. Hist. Irel. (Birds), 1. p. 31.

One, Beeston, near Cromer, Feb. 1848: Stevenson, Birds ef
Norfolk, 1. p. 8.

One, Trimingham, Norfolk, Nov. 1851: Buxton, Zoologist,
1851, pp. 2983 and 3028 (where the name of the locality is
misprinted).

One, Robin Hood’s Bay, Nov. 1854: Roberts, Zoologist,
1855, p. 4558.

One, Dechmont, Lanarkshire, 1835: Gray, Birds of the West
of Scotland, p. 21.

One, Foss, Perthshire, spring 1862: Gray, op. eit.

Two, Islay, Feb. 1838 (Hancock) and autumn 1862: Gray,
op. cit.

Several in the Hebrides: Gray, op. cit. pp. 20-22.

Two, Shetland, 18th Feb. 1863, and 3rd March, 1866:
Saxby, Zoologist, 18638, p. 8484, and 1866, p. 288.

Two, co. Donegal, Feb. 1837, and 1842: Thompson, Nat.
Hist. Irel. (Birds), 1. p. 31.

One, co. Dublin, spring 1863; Blake Knox, Zoologist, 1863,
p- 8528.

One, Islay, 1867: H. J. Elwes, MS.

One near Beauly, Inverness-shire, 1871: R. Gray, MS.

86 RARE VISITANTS.

ICELAND FALCON. Falco islandicus, Gmelin.

Hab. Northern Europe; Iceland ; Greenland ; Labrador ;
Alaska.

One, Normanby, near Guisborough, Yorkshire, March 1837 :
Hogg, Zoologist, 1845, p. 1052.

One, Bellingham, Northumberland, Jan. 1845: Bold, Zoolo-
gist, 1845, p. 935.

One, Mayfield, Sussex, Jan. 1845: Ellman, Zoologist, 1851,
p. 3233.

One, Inverbroom, Ross-shire, May 1851: Bond, Zoologist,
1S5i5 p.oe7o;

One, Scotland: in the collection of Mr. J. H. Gurney, Jun.

Several in Scotland and the Hebrides: R. Gray, Birds of the
West of Scotland, pp. 22, 23.

RED-FOOTED FALCON. alco vespertinus, Linneus*.

Hab. Hastern and Southern Europe; Western Siberia ;
Palestine ; Northern and Western Africa.

Four, Horning, and Holkham Park, Norfolk, May 1830:
Yarrell, Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. iv. p. 116.

One, Littlecote Park, near Hungerford, Berks: Yarrell, Hist.
Brit. Birds, 1. p. 57.

Two, Yorkshire: Yarrell, op. cit.

One, Durham : ditto.

One, Wembury, Devonshire: ditto.

One, Wicklow, summer 1832: Thompson, Nat. Hist. Irel.
(Birds), i. p. 50.

One, Breydon, Norfolk, 1832: Paget, Sketch of Nat. Hist.
Yarmouth, p. 3.

Two, Clermont, near Esher, Surrey: Meyer, Illustr. Brit.
Birds and their Eggs, vol. i. p. 47.

* Falco vespertinus, Linneeus, Syst. Nat. i. p. 129 (1766). Falco
rufipes, Beseke, Vogel Kurlands, p. 20 (1792).

lord

FALCONS. Si

One near Norwich, August 1843: Stevenson, Birds of Nor-
folk, i. p. 20.

One in Sheffield Museum, said to have been killed in the
neighbourhood: Heppenstall, Zoologist, 1843, p. 247.

One, Cornwall, Feb. 1851: Bullmore, Cornish Fauna, p. 9.

One, Rottingdean, Sussex, 1851: Sharpe & Dresser, Birds of
Europe, part i.

One, Buckingham, Jan. 1858: Clark Kennedy, Birds of
Berks and Bucks, p. 162.

One, out of six or seven seen near Somerleyton, Suffolk, 12th
July, 1862: Stevenson, Birds of Norfolk, i. p. 20.

One near Hythe, summer 1862; Hammond, Zoologist, 1862,
p- 8192.

One, mouth of the Humber, Nov. 1864: Boulton, Zoologist,
1865, p. 94:15.

One, Shrewsbury, no date given: Rocke, Zoologist, 1865,
p- 9685.

One, Leicester, Jan. 1866 : Widowson, The Field, 10th March,
1866.

One, Bridlington, Yorkshire, 6th July, 1865: hitherto un-
recorded.

One, Foveran, Aberdeen, May 1866: Gray, Birds of West of
Scotland, p. 31.

One, Helstone, Cornwall, autumn 1867: Bullmore, MS.

One, Yarmouth, Norfolk, 16th May, 1868 : Stevenson, Zo-
ologist, 1869, p. 1491.

One near Wrexham, Denbighshire, May 1868: Kerrison,
The Field, 23rd May 1868.

One, Hauxley, Northumberland, Oct. 1868: Embleton, in
Tate’s Hist. Alnwick, 1869.

AMERICAN GOSHAWK. Astur atricapillus (Wilson).

Hab. North America.

One, Schehallion, Perthshire, spring 1869: R. Gray, The
Ibis, 1870, p. 292.

88 RARE VISITANTS.

One, Galtee Mountains, Feb. 1870: Sir Victor Brooke, The
Ibis, 1870, p. 538.

One near Parsons Town, King’s County, shortly afterwards :
A. B. Brooke, Zoologist, 1871, p. 2524.

BLACK KITE. Jfilvus migrans (Boddaert *).
Hab. Europe, excepting Norway, Sweden, and Finland ;
Siberia; Palestine ; Sinai; Africa; Madagascar.

One, Alnwick, Northumberland, 11th May, 1866: Hancock,
The Ibis, 1867, p. 253; Gurney, Zoologist, 1869, p. 1598.

Obs. Sir Robert Sibbald, in his ‘Scotia Illustrata,’
1684, speaks of “a black Gled” as formerly inhabiting
Scotland. In Don’s ‘Fauna of Forfarshire’ (1813)
also allusion is made (p. 39) to “ Malco ater (Black
Eagle),” found “ on heaths and low hills.”

SWALLOW-TAILED KITE. Nauclerus furcatus (Lin-
nus).
Hab. Southern United States, Central and South America.

One, Ballachulish, Argyleshire, 1772: Dr. Walker, Adver-
saria, 1772, p. 87, and 1774, p. 153; Fleming, Hist. Brit.
An. p. 52; Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. 1. p. 85.

One, Shaw Gill, near Hawes, Wensleydale, 6th Sept. 1805 :
Dr. Sims, Trans. Linn. Soe. vol. xiv. p. 583; Yarrell, /. c.
One, Bishop of Winchester’s Park, Farnham, Surrey, summer

1833 : Holme, Zoologist, 1856, p. 5042.

One, Eskdale, Cumberland, April 1853: Robson, Zoologist,

1854, pp. 4166, 4406.

* Faleo migrans, Boddaert, Table Pl. Enl. p. 28 (1783). Falco
ater, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 262 (1788).

OWLS. 89

One shot on the Mersey, June 1843: formerly in Maccles-
field Museum, but sold with other birds by auction at
Stevens’s on the 14th June, 1861, realizing £9 10s. See
‘The Field, 22nd June, 1861.

RED-SHOULDERED BUZZARD. Buteo lineatus (Gme-
lin).

Hab, North America, east of the Rocky Mountains, from
Texas to Northern Canada.

One, Kingussie, Inverness, 26th Feb. 1863: Newcome,
The Ibis, 1865, p. 549; Gray, Birds of the West of Scot-
land, p. 49.

Fam. STRIGID &.

SNOWY OWL. WNyctea nivea (Daudin).

Hab. North America, Northern Europe, and Asia, as far
eastward as Amoorland.

One, Shetland, spring 1812: Edmonstone, Trans. Wern. Soc.
Edinb. 1822.

One, Unst, Shetland, Sept. 1813: Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds,
1. p. 135. :

One, Felbrigg, Norfolk, Ist April, 1814: Hunt, Brit. Orn.
(1815).

One, Gunton, Norfolk, Jan. 1820: Hunt, m Stacey’s Hist.
Norf. (1829).

Two, Rothbury, Northumberland, Jan. 1823: Selby, Ilustr.
Brit. Orn. 1. p. 96.

One, Inchigeela, 1827: Harvey, Fauna of Cork, p. 5.

Several in Ireland: Thompson, Nat. Hist. Irel. (Birds), 1.
Pagoe

One, Sanday, Orkney, April 1835: Neill, Mag. Nat. Hist.
vill. p. 508.

90 RARE VISITANTS.

One, Selby, Yorkshire, 13th Feb. 1837: Denny, Mag. Zool.
& Bot. i. p. 93.

One, near Devonport, Dec. 1838: Bellamy, Nat. Hist. Devon,
p. 200.

One, St. Andrew’s, Suffolk, 19th Feb. 1847: Gurney, Zoologist,
1847, p. 1769.

One seen, Swannington, Norfolk, autumn 1849: Stevenson,
Birds of Norfolk, i. p. 58.

One, Beeston, near Cromer, 22nd Jan. 1850: Gurney, Zoolo-
gist, 1850, p. 2765.

One, St. Faith’s, Norfolk, Feb. 1850: Gurney, J. c.

One, Altnaharrow, Sutherland, 1855: Sir Wm. Milner,
Zoologist, 1855, p. 4594.

Five, Hebrides, 1857: Graham, Zoologist, 1857, p. 5831.

One, Ballycroy, Ireland, autumn 1859: Newton, Zoologist,
1861, p. 7415.

Several, Shetland : Saxby, Zoologist, 1863, p. 8633, and 1864,
p- 9318.

One, Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Feb. 1863: Gray, Birds of
West of Scotland, p. 62.

One, off Montrose, Dec. 1867: Harvie Brown, Zoologist,
1868, p. 1058.

One, Lochness, Inverness-shire, Oct. 1868: Gray, op. cit.

One, Beauly, Inverness-shire, 21st August, 1869: De Hiigel,
Zoologist, 1869, p. 1863.

One, Dovem, co. Mayo, 18th March, 1871: Ashby, The
Field, 8th April, 1871.

One, Southrepps, Norfolk, 4th Dec. 1871: J. H. Gurney, Jun.,
Zoologist, 1872, p. 2912.

~ Obs. It is remarked by Mr. R. Gray, in his ‘ Birds
of the West of Scotland, p. 62, that the Snowy Owl
“may almost be regarded as a regular spring visitant
to the Outer Hebrides;” and, according to Mr. A.

OWLS. 91

G. More (‘ Ibis,’ 1865, p. 16), this bird is reported to
have nested in Orkney, Shetland, and the Hebrides.

HAWK OWL. Surnia funerea (Linneus).

iab. Northern Europe, Asia, and America.

One, coast of Cornwall, March 1830: Thompson, P. Z. 8.
1835, p. 77.

One, Backwell Hill, near Yatton, 25th Aug. 1847: Higgins,
Zoologist, 1851, p. 3029.

One, North Unst, Shetland, 1860: Crotch, Zoologist, 1861,
p- 7706 ; Gray, Birds of the West of Scotland, p. 64.

One, Maryhill, near Glasgow, December 1863: Gray, /. c.

One near Greenock, November 1868: Gray, J. c.

One, Shelf near Bradford: in the collection of Mr. Labrey.

One near Greenock, December 1871: Gray, MS.

Obs. A note on the habits of the Hawk Owl, as
observed by the late Mr. Wolley, will be found in the
‘ Zoologist,’ 1854, p. 4203.

LITTLE OWL. Athene noctua (Scopoli).

Had. Central and Southern Europe.

One, North Devon, 1808: Montagu, Orn. Dict. Suppl.

A pair, Middleshaw, Westmoreland, spring 1811: Graves,
British Ornithology, vol. i. (unpaged).

One, Flintshire: Pennant, British Zoology, 1. p. 211.

Two, London: Edwards, Gleanings in Nat. Hist. i. p. 228.

A pair and nest near Norwich: Hunt, Brit. Orn. (1815).

One, Blofield, Norfolk, 1824: Stevenson, Birds of Norfolk, i.
p. 59.

Two near Yarmouth: Paget, Sketch of Nat. Hist. of Yar-
mouth, 1834, p. 4.

92 RARE VISITANTS.

One taken alive at Derby, 17th May, 1843: Briggs, Zoolo-
gist, 1844, p. 645%.

One, Easton, Norfolk, 1846: Stevenson, op. cit.

One takeu alive at Maidstone, May 1856: Whitmore Baker,
Zoologist, 1856, p. 5159.

One off Yarmouth, 6th Feb. 1862: Stevenson, op. cit.

One, Sevenoaks, Kent, 1862: in the collection of Mr. Bond.

One, Draycot, Calne, Wilts, about 1862: A. C. Smith,
Zoologist, 1866, p. 227.

One, Yorkshire: Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, i. p. 160.

One, Worcestershire: Hastings, Nat. Hist. Worcester. p. 65.

One seen at Ormskirk: Smith, Nat. Hist. Mersey District,
p. 48.

One, Wiltshire: Rennie, note to White’s Selborne, p. 34.

One near Bristol: Yarrell, op. cit.

One, Sunbury, Middlesex: Harting, Birds of Middlesex,
p. 21.

One near Helston, Cornwall: Rodd, List of Brit. Birds
(2nd ed.), p. 10.

One, Chigwell, Essex, 2nd Jan. 1865: Ward, The Field,
14th Jan. 1865.

One near Bury St. Edmunds, Feb. 1865: Stevenson, MS.

One, Cambridge, “ lately: ” Farren, Zoologist, 1867, p. 791.

One, Welney, Norfolk, spring 1867: Stevenson, MS.

One seen at Highgate, Middlesex, Oct. 1870: hitherto un-
recorded +.

Obs. In addition to the instance mentioned by

* The death of this specimen was noticed in the ‘ Zoologist’ (1848,
p- 2141) by the late Mr. John Wolley, who thought it might be one
of those turned out by the late Mr. Waterton. See ‘ Essays on Nat.
Hist.’ 2nd series, p. 17.

y This bird was observed by Mr. J. G. Keulemans, who, from
personal acquaintance with the species in Holland, had no difficulty
in recognizing it on the occasion above referred to, when it passed
within a few yards of him.

OWLS. 93

Hunt, op. cit., the nest is reported to have been met
with in the New Forest (Wise, ‘ New Forest,’ p. 314),
and the young taken and reared at Harrow (Ward,
‘The Field, 14th Jan. 1865).

MOTTLED OWL. Scops asio (Linneus).
Hab. United States of North America and Canada.

One, Hawksworth Cover, near Kirkstall Abbey, 1852:
Naturalist, 1855, p. 169, and figure.

One near Yarmouth, Norfolk: Stevenson, Birds of Norfolk,
vol. i. p. 44.

Obs. The occurrence of this species in England
must be considered doubtful.

SCOPS OWL. Scops giu (Scopoli).
Hab. Southern Europe; Western Asia; Northern Africa.

Two, Yorkshire (one near Weatherby), spring 1805; Montagu,
Orn. Dict., Suppl.

One, Strumpshaw, Norfolk, June 1824: Stevenson, Birds of
Norfolk, vol. i. p. 48.

One, near London, prior to 1833: Selby, Ilustr. Brit. Orn.
1. p. 93.

One, Brill, Bucks, spring 1833: Mathews, Zoologist, 1849,
p. 2596.

Two, Audley End, Essex, prior to Nov. 1837: Yarrell, Mag.
Nat. Hist. iii. p. 100, and Hist. Brit. Birds, 1. p. 128.

One, Loughcrew, Meath, prior to 1837: Thompson, P. Z. 8.
1837, p. 54, and Nat. Hist. Irel. (Birds), i. p. 85.

Two, Yarmouth, and two near Norwich: Gurney & Fisher,
Zoologist, 1846, p. 1304.

One, Scilly, llth April, 1847: Rodd, Zoologist, 1847,
p- 1773. Figured in Gould’s Birds of Great Britain.

94 RARE VISITANTS.

One, Killiane, Wexford, April 1847: Poole, Zoologist, 1848,
p. 2019.

One, Fladbury, Worcestershire: Hastings, Nat. Hist. Worces-
ter. p. 65.

One near Golspie, Sutherland, May 1854: Gray, Birds of
West of Scotland, p. 56.

One, Ashdown, Berks, 1858 : Gould, Birds of Great Britain*.

One, Cromer, 27th Nov. 1861 : Stevenson, Birds of Norfolk,
vol. i. p. 43.

One near Pembroke, spring 1868: Dix, Zoologist, 1869,
pole7 i;

One near Maidstone: in the Dover Museum.

One, Carden Park, Cheshire, June 1868: Gould, op. cit.

One, Trevethoe, Cornwall, Jan. 1871: Rodd, Zoologist, 1871,
p. 2482.

Obs. This little Owl is said to have nested near
Oykel, Sutherlandshire (St. John’s ‘Tour in Suther-
land,’ vol. i. p. 122), and in Castle Eden Dene (Hogg,
‘History of Stockton on Tees,’ Appendix, p. 14, and
‘ Zoologist,’ 1845, p. 1054); but in neither case were
the birds properly identified. As to the first men-
tioned there can be little doubt, from the description
of the nest, that the species was the Short-eared Owl.

EAGLE OWL. Bubo maximus, Fleming.
Hab. Europe and Asia.

One, Hurstmonceux, Sussex, 29th Dec. 1784: Latham,
Synopsis, lst suppl. ; Fox, Synopsis of the Newcastle Mu-
seum, p. 52.

One, Kent: Latham, op. cit.

* This, perhaps, is the specimen said to have been taken at

Kingston Lisle in 1858 (Clark Kennedy, ‘ Birds of Berks and Bucks,’

p. 166).

OWLS. 95

One or more in Scotland and in Yorkshire: Montagu, Orn.
Dict. 1803-1813.

One, Fifeshire: Pennant, Caledonian Zoology, p. 18.

One, Honiton, Devon, 1820: Moore, Trans. Plymouth
Institution (1830), p. 298.

One, Shardlow, Derbyshire, 1828: Briggs, Zoologist, 1849,
p. 2477.

One near Oxford, winter 1833 : Matthews, Zoologist, 1849,
p- 2596.

One seen near Goring, autumn 1843; Matthews, J. c.

One, Hampstead, Middlesex, 3rd Noy. 1845: Hall, Zoologist,
1846, p. 1495 ; Harting, Birds of Middlesex, p. 13.

One Swansea: Dillwyn’s Fauna and Flora of Swansea, p. 4.

Several, at different times, in Derbyshire: Briggs, Zoologist,
1849, p. 2477.

One near Aberdeen, Feb. 1866: Gray, Birds of West of
Scotland, p. 55.

Obs. In Low’s ‘ Fauna Orcadensis, 1813, p. 41,
this bird is said “still to be found,” as if it were at
that date a resident in Orkney; and in a more recent
‘Fauna Orcadensis, by Messrs. Baikie and Heddle
(1848), the authors remark (p. 30) that it is “ believed
still to breed in the Hammers of Birsay, Orkney.”
It is seen occasionally in Shetland (Crotch, ‘ Zoologist,’
1861, p. 7339; and Saxby, ‘ Zoologist,’ 1864, p. 9240).
In Ireland it is said to have been only once observed
(Thompson, ‘ Nat. Hist. Irel. (Birds),’ p. 85).

ACADIAN OWL. Nyctale acadica (Gmelin).
Hab. North America.

One near Beverley, Yorkshire: Sir. Wm. Milner, Zoologist,
1860, p. 7104.

96 RARE VISITANTS.

Obs. ‘The occurrence of this species in England
must be considered extremely doubtful.

TENGMALM’S OWL. Nyctale tengmalmi (Gmelin).

Hab. Europe, and Northern Asia as far south as Nepal *.

One, Morpeth, Northumberland, 1812: Selby, Illustr. Brit.
Orn. vol. i. p. 105.

One, Widdrington, Northumberland, Jan. 1813: Bewick,
Hist. Brit. Birds, i. p. 65 (erroneously named Little Owl).

One, Kent, May 1836: Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. 1.
p-. 163.

One, recently killed, purchased in London, 1836: Yarrell, /. c.

One, Bradwell, Suffolk: Gurney & Fisher, Zoologist, 1846,
p. 1305.

One, Spinningdale, Sutherlandshire, May 1847: St. John,
Tour in Sutherland, vol. i. p. 123; Gray, Birds of West
of Scotland, p. 64:

One, Hunmanby, York, 1847: B. R. Morris, Zoologist, 1850,
p- 2649.

One near Whitburn, Durham, Oct. 1848: Bold, Zoologist,
1850, p. 2765.

One, Beechamwell, Norfolk, 27th Jan. 1849: in the collection
of Rev. E. Dowell of Dunton.

One, Rothbury, Northumberland, April 1849: in the collec-
tion of Mr. John Hancock.

One, Melsetter, Orkney, 1851: Baikie, Zoologist, 1853,
p- 3843 ; R. Gray, op. cit.

One, Holmbush Park, near Horsham, 27th March, 1857:
Borrer, Zoologist, 1858, p. 5988.

* Mr. Elliot has shown (Ibis, 1872, pp. 48-52) that this species
is identical with the North-American bird generally known as JV.
richardsoni, Bonaparte; North America, therefore, should be added
to the habitat.

OWLS. Q7

One, Burlingham, Norfolk, 6th April, 1857: Stevenson,
Birds of Norfolk, vol. 1. p. 60.

One, Winscombe, Somersetshire, winter 1859-60: Gould,
Birds of Great Britain.

One, Cramond Isle, Firth of Forth, Dec. 1860: R. Gray,
op. cit.

One, Flamborough, Ist Oct. 1863: Boulton, Zoologist, 1864,
p- 9020.

One near Embleton, Northumberland, March 1861: in the
collection of Mr. Brodrick.

Two, Windsor Forest, summer 1864: Clark Kennedy, Birds
of Berks and Bucks, p. 167.

One near Righton, of the Eleven Towns, Shropshire, 3rd
April, 1872: Harting, The Field, 27th April, 1872.

Obs. Some remarks by the late Mr. John Wolley,
on the nesting of this bird in Lapland, will be found
in the ‘ Zoologist, 1857, p. 5838, and Newton’s ‘ Oo-
theca Wolleyana,’ part i. p. 165.

While these pages were passing through the press,
the publication, in parts, of a fourth edition of Yar-
rell’s ‘ History of British Birds’ had commenced, under
the editorship of Professor Newton. In parts 11. and
iii. of that work (pp. 146-198) will be found an
admirable history of every species of Owl which has
occurred in Great Britain to the present time.

The account given of each is so full, while at the
same time the changes which are proposed in the
nomenclature are so important, that without refer-
ence to this portion of the work the foregoing remarks

upon Owls would be incomplete.
It

98 RARE VISITANTS.

Order Il. INSESSORES.

Fam. LANIID &.

LESSER GREY SHRIKE. Lanius minor, Gmelin.
Hab. Central and Southern Europe; Africa.

One, St. Mary’s, Scilly, Nov. 1851: Rodd, Zoologist, 1851,
p. 8301, and 1867, p. 703.

One, Yarmouth, Norfolk, sprig 1869: Mathew, Zoologist,
1870, p. 2060; Stevenson, tom. cit. p. 2139.

Obs. The occurrence in Great Britain of a North-
American species of Grey Shrike, Lantus excubitoroides
of Swainson, has several times been reported or hinted
at (cf. Longmuir, The Naturalist, vol. ii. p. 239, and
vol. ili. p. 140; Smith, Zoologist, 1849, pp. 2495-
2567; Garth, op. cit. 1850, p. 2649; Tomes, op. cit.
1850, pp. 2650 & 2734, fig.; and Gray, Birds of the
West of Scotland, p. 65). It would appear, how-
ever, from what has been published by Messrs. Dresser
and Sharpe (P. Z. S. 1870, p. 590) and Prof. Newton
(Yarrell’s Hist. Brit. Birds, 4th ed. vol. 1. p. 203) on
the changes of plumage which the Grey Shrikes un-
dergo, that the birds which were thought to be of
North-American origin were only the young of Lanius
excubitor.

FLYCATCHERS. 99

Fam. MUS CLOCA PID A,

RED-BREASTED FLYCATCHER. Muscicapa parva,
Bechstein.

Hab. North-western Asia; India; Eastern Europe. '

One, Constantine, near Falmouth, 24th Jan. 1863: Rodd,
Zoologist, 1863, p. 8444.

One, Scilly, October 1863: Rodd, op. cit. p.11; G. R. Gray,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3rd series), xi. p. 229.

One, Scilly, 5th Nov. 1865: Rodd, List Brit. Birds, 2nded. p.11.

RED-EYED FLYCATCHER. Vireosylvia olivacea(Vieillot).
Hab. United States of North America, asfar south as Bogota.
Two taken bya bird-catcher, Chellaston, near Derby, May 1859:
Sir Oswald Mosley, Nat. Hist. Tutbury (1863), p. 385, pl.6 ;
Zoologist, 1864, p. 8965. The male, which was preserved, is
in the collection of Mr. Edwin Brown, of Burton-on-Trent.

Fam. PETROCINCLID.

ROCK THRUSH. Petrocincla saxatilis (Gmelin).
Hab. Central Europe.

One, Thorfield, near Royston, 19th May, 1843: Yarrell, Hist.
Birds, i. p. 245.

One, Robin Hood’s Bay, Yorkshire, 1856: Morris, Naturalist,
1856, p. 21.

One or more reported to have been seen and shot at Fresh-
water, Isle of Wight (Zoologist, 1867, pp. 823, 913)—but
erroneously so, as I am informed by Mr. Bond, who in-
vestigated the circumstances”*.

* The Blue Thrush, Petrocossyphus cyaneus, is said to have been
killed in the co. Meath in November 1866 (Zoologist, 1870, p. 2019);
but Messrs. Sharpe and Dresser, who have inquired into the cireum-
stance (Birds of Europe), have rejected its claims to be included in
the list of British Birds.

H 2

100 RARE VISITANTS.

Fam. LURDIDEA:

WHITE'S THRUSH. Twrdus varius, Pallas.
Hab. Siberia, China, Japan, and Formosa*.

One, Christchurch, Hants, Jan. 1828: Eyton, Rarer Brit.
Birds, p. 92; Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, 1. p. 203, figured.

One, New Forest: Yarrell, op. cit. ; Wise, New Forest, p. 314.

One, Bandon, Cork, Dec. 1842: Thompson, Ann. Nat. Hist.
ii. p. 78, and Nat. Hist. Irel. (Birds), 1. p. 128; Harvey,
Fauna of Cork, p. 6.

One, Welford, Stratford-on-Avon, 26th Jan. 1859: Tomes,
Ibis, 1859, p. 379.

One, Ballymahon, co. Longford, spring 1867: Blake Knox,
Zoologist, 1870, pp. 2019, 2060.

One, Hestercombe, Somerset, Jan. 1870: Cecil Smith, Zoolo-
gist, 1870, p. 2018.

One seen (a doubtful instance), Cleveland, Yorkshire: Atkin-
son, Zoologist, 1870, p. 2142.

One, Almondbury Bank, near Huddersfield: Beaumont,
Huddersfield Naturalist, 1. p. 217.

One seen (a doubtful instance), Cobham, Kent, 5th Jan. 1871:
Lord Clifton, Zoologist, 1871, p. 2845.

One, Langsford, Somerset, 7th Jan. 1871: Cecil Smith, Zoo-
logist, 1871, p. 2607; Byne, The Field, 6th May, 1871.
One, Hickling, Norfolk, 10th Oct. 1871: Gunn, Zoologist,

1871, p. 2848; Stevenson, tom. cit. 1872, p. 2978.
One, Castle Eden Dene, Durham, 31st Jan. 1872: J. Sclater
and J. C. H. Johnstone, The Field, 24th Feb. 1872.

* The type of 7. heiniz, Cabanis, which was originally supposed
to have come from Japan, and to be identical with 7. varius, Pallas,
has since been ascertained to have come from Australia, and to be
T. lunulatus, Latham. Mr. Gurney, however, informs me that he
has seen 7’. varivs from Japan; and Mr. Swinhoe obtained it in
Formosa, giving it at first the name of 7’. hancit, which he afterwards
withdrew.

HRUSHES. 101

Obs. An excellent paper on this species by Mr. R.
‘Tomes will be found in ‘The Ibis’ for 1859, p. 379.
Reference should also be made to Bonaparte’s mono-
eraph of the genus (Oreocincla), published in the
‘Revue et Magasin de Zoologie,’ 1857.

BLACK-THROATED THRUSH. Twurdus atrigularis,
Gmelin.
Hab. Central Asia.

One near Lewes, Sussex, 23rd Dec. 1868: Gould, Ibis,
1869, p. 128; Dawson Rowley, P. Z. 8. 1869, p. 4, and
Monk, Zoologist, 1869, p. 1560.

SIBERIAN THRUSH. Turdus sibiricus, Pallas.
Hab. Siberia.

One between Guildford and Godalming, winter 1860-61 :
sent to Mr. Bond as a variety of the Redwing, and identi-
fied by Mr. Blyth, who noticed it incidentally in ‘The
Field,’ 24th Sept. 1870.

Fam. PYCNONOTIDS.

GOLD-VENTED THRUSH. Pycnonotus capensis (Lin-
neus.
Hab. South Africa.

One, Mount Beresford, near Waterford, Jan. 1838: Thomp-
son, Nat. Hist. Irel. (Birds), i. p. 153; Yarrell, Hist. Brit.
Birds, 1. p. 234. Erroneously identified by Thompson and
Yarrell with P. aurigaster of Vieillot.

102 RARE VISITANTS.

Fam. SYLVIID.

ALPINE ACCENTOR. <Accentor alpinus, Bechstein.
Hab. Central and Southern Europe*.

Two seen, one shot, Cambridge, 22nd Noy. 1822: Yarrell,
Hist. Brit. Birds, i. p. 249.

One seen, Oulton, near Lowestoft, 1824: Lubbock, Fauna
of Norfolk, p. 35.

One, Walthamstow, Essex, prior to 1832: Pamplin, Mag.
Nat. Hist. 1832, p. 288.

One, Wells, Somerset, 1833: Yarrell, op. cit.

One, Teignmouth: Hore, Zoologist, 1844, p. 566.

One near Torbay, 1844: Hore, Zoologist, 1845, p. 879+.

Two, Lewes, Sussex, 26th Dec. 1857: Porter, Zoologist, 1858,
p. 5958.

Two near Plymouth, 10th Jan. 1859: Gatcombe, Zoologist,
1859, p. 6377.

One near Cheltenham, 1860: Col. Newman, Zoologist, 1860,
p. 6889.

One near Scarborough, winter 1862-63: Boulton, Zoologist,
1863, p. 8766.

One seen on Snowdon, Sept. 1870: H. Saunders, MS.

BLUE-THROATED WARBLER. Cyanecula suecica (Lin-
nus).

There are three forms of Blue-throated Warbler,
which have received separate names, and have been

* Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., observed this species at Gibraltar in
January 1870.

+ It is possible that this record may refer to the last-named
specimen,

WARBLERS. 103

treated as distinct species; but it is questionable
whether they should not all be regarded as one and
the same species in different phases of plumage. ‘The
three forms are :—

1. Motacilla suecica of Linneus. The eastern and north-
ern form, with a red spot in the centre of the blue
throat.

2. Sylvia leucocyanea of Brehm. The western and south-
ern form, with a white spot in the centre of the blue
throat*.

3. Sylvia wolfit of Meyer, with the entire throat blue +.

So far as can be ascertained, the form met with in
Great Britain has been No. 1, the true swecica, al-
though in one instance, that recorded by Captain
Hadfield, a white-spotted bird is stated to have been
met with in the Isle of Wight. The following in-
stances of the occurrence of Blue-throated Warblers
in England are on record :—

One, Newcastle Town Moor, May 1826 (red spot): Fox,
Synops. Newcastle Mus. pp. 298, 309; Selby, Trans. Nat.
Hist. Soc. Northumberland, 1831, p. 255, and Zoological
Journal, vol. ii. p. 497.

One, Devonshire, doubtful: M.C. Cooke, Naturalist, vol. iii.
(1853), p. 203.

One near Birmingham: Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. i.
p- 265.

* This is the ordinary Dutch and German form.

+ This is the rarest of the three in collections. It is said to be
more common in Russia, and has been met with in Holland and in
Spain.

104 RARE VISITANTS.

One near Yarmouth, 21st Sept. 1841 (red spot): Yarrell, op.
cit.

Two, Isle of Sheppy, Sept. 1844: Yarrell, op. cit.

One, Whimple, South Devon, Sept. 1852: Powys, Zoologist,
1852, p. 3709.

One near Worthing, Sussex, May 1853: Stephenson, Zoolo-
gist, 1853, p. 3907.

One near Brighton, Sept. 1855: Cavafy, Naturalist, 1855,
p. 264.

One near Lowestoft, 15th May, 1856 (red spot) : Stevenson,
Birds of Norfolk, vol. i. p. 96.

One, Worthing, Sussex, April 1858: Wilson, Zoologist, 1859,
p. 6605.

One, Brighton, October 1862: Pratt, Zoologist, 1862, p.
8281.

One, Ventnor, Isle of Wight, resident from 1865 to 1867
(white spot): Hadfield, Zoologist, 1865, pp. 9605, 9724,
9846 ; 1866, pp. 172, 176, 218, 445; 1867, p. 732.

One captured on board a fishing-boat off Aberdeen, 16th
May, 1872 (red spot): RK. Gray, MS.

Obs. This bird has not been met with either in
Scotland or Ireland.

MARSH WARBLER. Salicaria palustris (Bechstein).
Hab. Viurope, South-west Asia; North Africa.

One, Wicken Fen, Cambridge, summer 1861: Saville, Zoo-
logist, 1861, p. 7755; G. R. Gray, Cat. Brit. Birds in Brit.
Mus. p. 45 (1863) ; Alston, Zoologist, 1866, p. 496.

Vwo, Whittlesford, Cambridge: Harting, The Field, 6th May,
S71 Bi

Three near Yarmouth, June 1869: Harting, /. c.

* An article “On the Occurrence in England of the Marsh

Warbler,” in which the distinctions between this bird and the Reed

Warbler are pointed out.

WARBLERS. 105

Obs. In all probability this species will be found to
be an annual summer migrant to Great Britain; but
at present it can only be classed amongst the rarer
visitants.

AQUATIC WARBLER. Salicaria aquatica (Gmelin).
Hab. Southern Europe and North Africa.

One, Hove, near Brighton, 19th Oct. 1853: A. Newton,
P24... 1866, p. 210.

One, Loughborough, Leicestershire, summer 1864: Harting,
Ibis, 1867, p. 468; Zoologist, 1867, p. 946.

One near Dover; in Dover Museum: Gurney, Zoologist,
1871, p. 2521.

Obs. Mr. J. H. Gumey, jun., has pointed out
(Trans. Norfolk and Norwich Nat. Soc. 1871-72) that
the figure of the Sedge Warbler given in Hunt's
‘British Ornithology’ (Norwich, 1815) was undoubt-
edly taken from a specimen of S. aquatica, and most
probably, therefore, from one killed in Norfolk.

RUFOUS WARBLER*. <Aédon galactodes (Temminck).
Hab. North Africa and Southern Europe in summer.

One, Plumpton Bosthill, near Brighton, 16th Sept. 1854:
Borrer, Zoologist, 1854, p. 4511.

One, Start Point, Devonshire, Sept. 1859: Llewellyn, Ann.
& Mag. Nat. Hist. (1859), iv. p. 399; Ibis, 1860, p. 103.

Obs. It is possible that this may be the ‘“ Red-
* Krroneously called ‘ Rufous Sedge Warbler.” It is never

found in the neighbourhood of sedge, but on the driest ground
amidst serub and cactus.

106 RARE VISITANTS.

tailed Warbler (Sylvia erythaca),” six specimens of
which are stated to have been taken at Plymouth,
and to have occurred there “for the first time in
Britain ” (Bellamy, Nat. Hist. South Devon, .p. 205).
It has been suggested to me, however, by Mr. Gurney
that these are more likely to have been the Black
Redstart (uticilla tithys), which occurs not unfre-
quently about Plymouth.

ORPHEAN WARBLER. Sylvia orphea, Temminck.

Hab. Central and Southern Europe; India and South-
western Asia; North Africa.

Two seen, one shot, Weatherby, Yorkshire, 6th July, 1848 :
Sir W. Milner, Zoologist, 1849, p. 2588, and 1851,
pp- 3107-3111; Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, v. p. 343.

A young bird caught near Holloway, Middlesex, June 1866,
and kept alive for six months: Harting, The Field, 22nd
April, 1871.

A nest and four eggs believed to belong to this species were
taken in Notton Wood, near Wakefield, in June 1864:
Harting, /. c.

YELLOW-BILLED CHIFF CHAFF. Phyllopneuste hy-
polais (Linneus).
Hab. Central and Southern Europe; North Africa.

One, Eythorne, near Dover, 15th June, 1848: Dr. Plomley,
Zoologist, 1848, pp. 2228, 2346; Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds,
vol. 1. p. 857.

One, Dunsinea, co. Dublin: Blake Knox, Zoologist, 1870, p.2018.
Obs. Yarrell has pointed out that this species is the

true hypolais of continental authors, and that the

WARBLERS. 107

hypolais of most British writers is the rufa of the
continent, the well-known Chiff Chaff.

As an illustration of the way in which continental
species sometimes find their way to England, and
possibly to a place in the list of British birds, it may
be remarked that in May 1868 Mr. J. G. Keulemans
brought over three specimens of this bird from Hol-
land, two of which he liberated at Harwich, the third
having died on the passage.

YELLOW-BROWED WARBLER, Pennant & Latham.
Reguloides superciliosus (Gmelin).
Hab. Northern Asia, India, Nepal*; China, Japan, and

Formosart.

One, Hartley Point, Northumberland: Hancock, Ann. & Mag.
Nat. Hist. vol. ii. p.310; Blyth, Zoologist, 1863, p. 8329 ;
Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. 1. p. 380.

One, Charlton Kings, near Cheltenham, 11th Oct. 1867:
Gould, Ibis, 1869, p. 128.

Obs. This is the Dalmatian Regulus of some authors ;

a singularly inappropriate name, since the bird is as
rare in Dalmatia as it is in Great Britain.

RUBY-CROWNED WREN. fegulus calendula (Lin-
nus).

Hab. United States, from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

* This, 1862, pp. 54-57.

+ P. Z. 8. 1863, p. 297. The bird has occurred accidentally in
Sweden (Sundeval), in Heligoland and Berlin (Journ. fiir Orn.),
and near Leyden (Crommelin, Nederl. Tijdschr. 1865, p. 244).

108 RARE VISITANTS.

One, Kenmore Wood, Loch-Lomond side, summer of 1852:
Gould, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 290 ; Bree, Birds of Europe, vol. ii.
p. 109.

A second is recorded to have been procured’in Branspeth
Wood, Durham, in 1852 (Bree, /. c.) ; but this proved to
be a specimen of Regulus ignicapillus.

Fam. MOTACILLID &.

ASHY-HEADED WAGTAIL. Motacilla einereocapilla,
Savi.
Hab. Southern Europe and North Africa, migrating as far
south as Trans Vaal.

One near Penzance, a male with nearly black head, in the
collection of Mr. Vingoe : identified by Mr. Gould, to whom
the specimen was sent for inspection.

One, Sherringham, Norfolk: J. H. Gurney, jun., MS.

Fam. ANTHID &.

TAWNY PIPIT. <Anthus canpestris, Bechstein.

Hab. Southern and South-eastern Europe and North
Africa, occasionally extending to South Africa.

Two, Brighton, 17th Aug. 1858, and 24th Sept. 1862: Daw-
son Rowley, Ibis, 1863, p. 37.

One, Brighton, 30th Sept. 1864: Dawson Rowley, Ibis, 1865,
p- 118, and Zoologist, 1864, p. 9327.

One, Scilly, Sept. 1868: Rodd, Zoologist, 1868, p. 1458.

Two, Brighton, 6th Sept. 1869: Bond, Zoologist, 1870,
p. 1984.

One, Brighton, autumn 1870: Bond, Zoologist, 1870,
p. 2383.

PIPITS. 109

RED-THROATED PIPIT. <Anthus cervinus, Pallas.

Hab. Europe; North Africa; Palestine; India; China ;
Japan.

One, Unst, Shetland, 4th May, 1854, in collection of Mr.
Bond: Harting, The Field, 26th August, 1871.

One, the same year, but in September, near Freshwater, Isle
of Wight: Harting, J. c.

PENNSYLVANIAN PIPIT. Axthus ludovicianus (Gme-
lin).
Hab. North America generally, and Greenland.

One near London: Edwards, Gleanings, ii. p. 185, pl. 297.
One, Middlesex : Montagu, Orn. Dict., art. “ Lark, Red.”
One near Woolwich, 1812: Montagu, op. cit.

Two near Edinburgh, June 1824: Macgillivray, Man. Brit.
Birds, p. 169.

Two, Rathlin Island, co. Donegal: Tristram, Science Gossip,
1861?

Three, Dunbar, East Lothian, in sprmg: Turnbull, Birds of
East Lothian, p. 40; R. Gray, Birds of West of Scotland,
p: 116.

Several seen at Dunbar, winter 1846: R. Gray, op. cit. .

One, Freshwater, Isle of Wight, Sept. 1865: Bond, not
hitherto recorded.

One, Bridlington, Yorkshire, 20th Nov. 1869: Boynton
(fide Sclater and Bree), Zoologist, 1870, p. 2021. But
see Reeks, tom. cit. p. 2067, and Bree, in reply, tom. cit.
p. 2100.

Obs. It seems probable that many of these spect-
mens, recorded as the American /udovicianus, were
the European spinoletta (see anted, p. 24).

110 RARE VISITANTS.

Fam. ALAUDID &.

CRESTED LARK. Alauda cristata, Linneus.
Hab. Central and Southern Europe; North Africa.

One, Taney, Ireland, Feb. 1836: “W. R.” Dublin Penny
Journal, 27th Feb. 1836; Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. 1.
p. 480.

One or more in Ireland “ since that date”: Yarrell, J. ¢.

One, Sussex: Yarrell, 7. c. and figure.

Two near Penzance, Sept. 1846: Rodd, Zoologist, 1846,
p. 1497.

One near Penzance, 24th Oct. 1850: Rodd, Zoologist, 1851,
p- 3033.

One near Shoreham, 20th Oct. 1863: Dawson Rowley, The
Ibis, 1864, p. 224.

One near Falmouth, Dec. 1865: Bullmore, Cornish Fauna,
p. 20.

SHORT-TOED LARK. Alauda brachydactyla, Leisler.

Hab. Central and Southern Europe; Western Asia and
North Africa.

One near Shrewsbury, 25th Oct. 1841: Yarrell, Hist. Brit.
Birds, vol, i. p. 488.

One near Brighton, Sept. 1854: Dawson Rowley, Ibis, 1859,
p-. 330*.

One, Scilly, 23rd Sept. 1854: Rodd, Zoologist, 1854, p. 4477.

One, Brighton, April 1858: Dawson Rowley, /. c.

* This is in all probability the specimen noticed by Mr. Hussey
as obtained near Brighton in the autumn of 1854 (Zoologist, 1855,
p. 4558).

LARKS. in

One near Southampton, 1862*, and one ten years previously :
Pemberton Bartlett, Zoologist, 1862, p. 7930; Wise, New
Forest, p. 315.

CALANDRA LARK. Alauda calandra, Linneus.
Hab. Southern Europe and North Africa.

One, Devonport, near Plymouth : Gatcombe, Zoologist, 1863,
p- 8768.
One near Exeter: Gurney, Zoologist, 1869, p. 1599.

SIBERIAN LARK. Alauda sibirica, Pallas.

Hab. North-eastern Europe and Western Asia.

One near Brighton, autumn 1869: Bond, Zoologist, 1870,
pp. 1984, 2022 ; Dawson Rowley, tom. cit. p. 2066.

Fam. EMBERIZID &.

LITTLE BUNTING. Lmberiza pusilla, Pallas.
Hab. Eastern and Southern Europe; Western and Central
Asia.

One, Brighton, Nov. 1864: Gould, P. Z. 8. 1864, p. 377;
Ibis, 1865, p. 113; and Birds of Great Britain, figure.

RUSTIC BUNTING. EHmberiza rustica, Pallas.

Hab. Eastern and Southern Europe; Western Asia.

One, Brighton, 23rd Oct. 1867: Gould, Ibis, 1869, p. 128,
Birds of Great Britain, figure.

* This bird was taken alive; and an account of its habits as ob-
served in captivity will be found on the page above mentioned,

Ie RARE VISITANTS.

BLACK-HEADED BUNTING. Emberiza melanocephala,
Scopoli.
Hab. South-eastern Europe and Asia.
One, Brighton Racecourse, 3rd Nov. 1868: Gould, Ibis,

1869, p. 128; Birds of Asia, figure; and Birds of Great
Britain, figure.

Fam. FRINGILLID &.

SERIN FINCH. Sringilla serinus, Linnzus.
Hab. Southern Europe ; North Africa.

One, Portsmouth, April 1852: Naturalist, 1853, p. 20.

One, Brighton, 20th June, 1859: Bond, Zoologist, 1860,
p- 7105.

One near London, Oct. 1859: Bond, J. c.

Three near Brighton, autumn 1860: Dawson Rowley, Ibis,
1861, p. 113.

One, Hove, near Brighton, 19th April, 1866: Monk, Zoolo-
gist, 1866, p. 229.

One, Bishop’s Hull, Somerset, winter 1866: Cecil Smith,
Birds of Somersetshire, p. 180.

One, locality not noted, April 1869: Bond, Zoologist, 1870,
p. 1984:

One, Worthing, 4th May, 1869: Lucas, The Field, 12th
June, 1869.

ROSY BULLFINCH. Carpodacus erythrinus (Pallas).
Hab. North-eastern Europe and Asia.

One, Brighton, Sept. 1869: Wonfor, Zoologist, 1869, p. 1918 ;
Bond, Zoologist, 1870, p. 1984.

One, Caen Wood, Hampstead, 5th Oct. 1870: Bond, Zoolo- °
gist, 1870, p. 2383; Gould, Birds of Great Britain, figure.

GROSBEAK. as

PINE GROSBEAK. Pinicola enucleator (Linneus).
Hab. The north of Europe, Asia, and America.

Several, Invercauld Forest, Aberdeen: Pennant, Brit. Zool.
vol. i. p. 317; Tour in Scotland, 2nd ed. 1772.

Others, Dumfrieshire: Burgess, List Birds Kirkmichael,
1792.

Several, Woods of Glamis and Lindertis, 1818: Don, Fauna
of Forfarshire, p. 43.

One, Cavehill, near Belfast, Dec. 1819: Thompson, Nat.
Hist. Irel. (Birds), vol. i. p. 275.

One, Bill Quay, Newcastle: Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. New-
castle, vol. i. part 3, p. 265.

Several, The Denes, Yarmouth, Nov. 1822: Paget, Sketch of
Nat. Hist. Yarmouth, p. 6.

Two near Yarmouth: Lubbock, Fauna of Norfolk, p. 36.

Two, Raveningham, Norfolk: Gurney and Fisher, Zoologist,
1846, p. 1313*.

Several, Pembrokeshire, date not mentioned: Fox, Synops.
Newcastle Mus. p. 65.

One, Worcestershire, prior to 1834: Hastings, Nat. Hist.
Worcestersh. (1834), p. 65.

One or more, Eccles, Bewickshire, prior to 1835 : Thomson,
Statistical Acc. Eccles (1835).

One or more, Kent: Pemberton Bartlett, Zoologist, 1844,
p- 621.

One, Harrow, Middlesex: Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. 1.
p- 609; Harting, Birds of Middlesex, p. 90.

One, Rochdale, Lancashire, Feb. 1845: Clarke, Zoologist,
1845, p. 1025.

* With reference to these there appears to be some doubt, cf.
Stevenson, ‘ Birds of Norfolk,’ vol. i. p. 235, where it is also stated
that there are two specimens labelled “Norfolk” in the British
Museum.

[

A RARE VISITANTS.

Two, Ashdown Forest, Sussex, Feb. 1848: Knox, , Orn.
Rambles in Sussex, p. 212.

One near Petworth, Sussex: Knox, J. ¢.

One, Braemar, August 1850: Macgillivray, Nat. Hist. Dee-
side, p. 403.

One, Somersetshire: Baker, Somerset Archzol. Proc. 1851,
p. 144.

One, Taunton: Prideaux, Zoologist, 1862, p. 3474.

One seen at Dunkeld: Col. Drummond Hay, hitherto unre-
corded.

Fam. LOXIID &.

PARROT CROSSBILL. Loaia pityopsittacus, Bechstein.
Hab. Northern Europe and Western Siberia.

One, Shropshire : Pennant, Brit. Zool.
Two, Scotland: Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, ii. p. 24.
Two, Ross-shire, 1833: Gray, Birds of West of Scotland,

p. 154.
Nine, Dartmoor, 1838: Rowe, List of Birds of Devon, p. 27.
Several, Edwinstowe, Notts, 1849: Sterland, Birds of Sher-

wood Forest, p. 126.

Two, Caithness: Osborne, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinb.

vol. i. p. 341.

One, Harrow, Middlesex, Jan. 1850: Newman, Zoologist,

1850, p. 2770; Harting, Birds of Middlesex, p. 92.

One, Riddlesworth Hall, Norfolk: Stevenson, Birds of Nor-

folk, vol. 1. p. 239.

One, Saxham, Suffolk*, Nov. 1850: Newton, Zoologist,

1851, p. 3145.

* Tn the ‘ Zoologist ’ for 1863, p. 8845, and in Gould’s ‘ Birds of
Great Britain,’ mention is made of several Parrot Crossbills, killed at
Brandon, Suffolk, in October 1863 and March 1864; but these sub-
sequently proved to be only large varieties of the Common Crossbill
(cf. Stevenson, ‘ Birds of Norfolk,’ vol. 1. pp. 239, 240).

CROSSBILLS. 115

Several, Breamore, Hants, Nov. 1855: Wise, New Forest,
p. 315.

One, Bognor, Sussex, Nov. 1859: Zoologist, 1859, p. 6329.

Three near Epping, Sept. 1861: Doubleday, Zoologist, 1861,
p. 7759.

Several, Wemyss Bay, Firth of Clyde, spring 1862: R. Gray,
Birds of West of Scotland, p. 154.

Three, Cheltenham, 1862: Guise, Zoologist, 1862, p. 7844.

Three, Colchester, Feb. 1862: Bree, Zoologist, 1862, p. 8032.

A pair, Southgate, Middlesex, Nov. 1864. The male in the
collection of Mr. Bond.

Two, Oswestry, no date mentioned: Rocke, Zoologist, 1865,
p- 9781.

One, Flamborough, Aug. 1866: Boulton, Zoologist, 1867,
p. 543.

One, (?) Melton, Suffolk, Jan. 1869: Clark Kennedy, Zoolo-
gist, 1869, p. 1700.

WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL. Lowia bifasciata,Nilsson.
Hab. Northern Europe and Asia.

One near Belfast, January 1802: Templeton, Trans. Linn.
Soc. vol. vii. p. 309: Thompson, Nat. Hist. Irel. (Birds),
vol. i. p. 283.

One near Worcester, 1836: Yarrell, fide Strickland, Hist.
Brit. Birds, vol. ii. p. 830; Macgillivray, Hist. Brit. Birds,
vol. ii. p. 692.

Five or six seen, one shot, near Ipswich: Yarrell, fide Hoy,
op. cit.

One, Birmingham: Yarrell, op. cit.

One, Lariggan, Cornwall, 1843: Rodd, Zoologist, 1843, p.142.

Two, Isle of Wight, 1844: Bury, Zoologist, 1844, p. 643 ;
A. G. More, in Venable’s Guide to Isle of Wight, p. 430.

One, Surrey: Yarrell, op. cit.

One, Bury St. Edmunds, May 1846: Hunter, Zoologist,

12

116 RARE VISITANTS.

1846, p. 1498; Stevenson, Birds of Norfolk, vol. 1.
p. 243.

One, Mickleover, near Derby, Nov. 1845: Bell, Zoologist,
1846, p. 1247.

Nine, Brampton, near Carlisle, 1846 : Cooper, Zoologist, 1846,
p- 1551; Hodgkinson, Zoologist, 1847, p. 1638.

One, Epping: Yarrell, fide Doubleday, op. cit.

Four or five seen, one shot, near Thetford, 10th May, 1846:
Hunter, Zoologist, 1846, p. 1498; Stevenson, op. cit.
p. 242.

Several, Drinkston, Suffolk, 1849: Bree, Zoologist, 1849,
p. 2419.

One, Taunton, Somerset, 1851: Prideaux, Zoologist, 1852,
p. 3474.

One, co. Dublin, July or August 1868: Blake Knox, Zoologist,
1868, p. 1376.

AMERICAN WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL. Lowia leu-
coptera, Gmelin.

Hab. Northern parts of North America.

One near Jedburgh, Roxburgshire, Feb. 1841: R. Gray,
Birds of West of Scotland, p. 155.

One, Exmouth, Sept. 1845: Fitton, Zoologist, 1845, p. 1190;
Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. i. p. 34.

Four, Edwinstowe, Notts, April 1849: Sterland, Birds of
Sherwood Forest, p. 126.

“A large flock” near Banff, 1859: Edward, Zoologist, 1859,
p. 6631; R. Gray, J. ¢.

Obs. Some years since Dr. Dewar of Glasgow, when
600 miles off Newfoundland, observed a number of
these birds crossing the Atlantic before a stiff westerly
breeze. Many alighted on the rigging, and ten or
twelve specimens were secured. Of these two escaped

STARLINGS. L167

as the ship neared Ireland, and made for the land ;
two others flew out of their cage while being con-
veyed through Liverpool. The rest lived for some
time in confinement.

Fam. ICTERID &.

RED-WINGED STARLING. Ageleus pheniceus, Vieillot.
Hab. United States, from Atlantic to Pacific.

One near London: Albin, Hist. Birds, vol. 1. p. 36.

One, Barton Broad, Norfolk, June 1843 : Gurney, Zoologist,
1843, p. 317, and 1864, p. 9024; Stevenson, Birds of
Norfolk, vol. i. p. 244.

One, Shepherds Bush, Middlesex, autumn 1844: Yarrell,
Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. ii. p. 40; Harting, Birds of Middle-
Sex, p: 92.

One, Sidlesham, Sussex, 25th Dec. 1863: Jeffery, Zoologist,
1864, p. 8951.

One, Romney, Kent, June 1864 or 1865 *.

One, Liphook, Hants, 16th May, 1865: Jesse, Zoologist,
1865, p. 9782. .
One, Hove, near Brighton, 21st March, 1866: Monk, Zoolo-
gist, 1866, p. 229; two others procured at the same time

were preserved by Swaysland at Brighton.

One near Banff, 12th June, 1866: Edward, Zoologist, 1866,
p. 310.

One, seen in Haddingtonshire “a few years ago:” R. Gray,
Birds of West of Scotland, p. 156.

* Mr. J. H. Gurney, Jun., informs me that he saw this specimen
while in the hands of a bird-stuffer at Rye for preservation.

118 RARE VISITANTS.

AMERICAN MEADOW STARLING. Sturnella magna
(Linneus).

Hab. Eastern United States to the High Central Plains.

One, Thrandeston, Suffolk : Sclater, Ibis, 1861, p. 176.-

One seen, South Walsham, Norfolk: Sclater, J. c.

One near Cheltenham, many years ago*: Lloyd, The Field,
11th March, 1871.

Kam. CORY (LDA:

NUTCRACKER. Nucifraga caryocatactes (Linneus).
Hab. Northern and Central Europet.

One, near Mostyn, Flintshire, 5th Oct. 1753: Pennant, Brit.
Zool. vol. ii. p. 265 (1766).

One, Kent: Latham, Synopsis, vol. i. p. 400.

One seen near Bridgewater, autumn 1805: Montagu, Orn.
Dict. Suppl. 1813.

One, North Devon, August 1808: Montagu, op. cit., figured
in Graves, Brit. Orn. vol. i. (1821).

One, Cornwall: Monthly Magazine, Dec. 1808.

* This specimen was forwarded by Mr. Lloyd for my inspection,
and to be named, in March 1871.

+ Examples from Scandinavia are said to possess shorter and
stouter bills than those obtained in Central Europe, on which ac-
count the two forms have been specifically separated, though with
what justice I am unable to say, not having examined a sufficiently
large series. It is possible that this variation may depend upon sex.
On this subject the reader may be referred to De Selys Longchamps
(Bulletin Acad. Sci. Bruxelles, tom. xi. no. 10), and to Fisher “ On
the Two Species or Varieties of the Nutcracker” (Zoologist, 1845,
p. 1073). Both forms have been procured in this country.

NUTCRACKER. 119

One seen near Hooe Lake, Cornwall: Yarrell, Hist. Brit.
Birds, vol. ii. p. 182.

One seen in Netherwitton Wood, Northumberland, autumn
1819: Selby, Ilustr. Brit. Orn. vol. i. p. 368.

One near Washford Pyne Moor, Devon, 1829: Moore, Cat.
Birds Devon, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1837, p. 179.

One, Rollesby, near Yarmouth, 30th Oct. 1844: Fisher,
Zoologist, 1845, p. 824; Stevenson, Birds of Norfolk, vol. i.
p- 282.

One near Alfriston, Sussex, Sept. 1844: Borrer, Zoologist,
1845, p. 868.

One near Pepper-Harrow Park, Godalming: Letters of Rus-
ticus, p. 158.

One seen near Guildford: op. cit. p. 159.

Three, Scotland: Macgillivray, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. 1.
p- 584; Gray, Birds of West of Scotland, p. 188.

One, Clandon Common, Surrey, 1847: Webb, Zoologist,
1850, p. 2914.

One off Yarmouth, 7th Oct. 1853: Green, Zoologist, 1853,
p- 4096; Gurney, fom. cit. p. 4124.

One near Whitehaven, no date mentioned : Robson, Zoologist,
1854, p. 4168.

One, Wisbeach, 8th Nov. 1859: Foster, Zoologist, 1859,
p- 6809.

One seen, Saltram, Devon, Oct. 1862: Rowe, List of Birds
of Devon, p. 28.

One, Gorleston, near Yarmouth, 8th Oct. 1864: Stevenson,
Zoologist, 1865, p. 9045; Birds of Norfolk, vol. 1. p. 283.

One near, Wakefield, autumn 1865: purchased by me in
May 1866.

One, Invergarry, Inverness-shire, Oct. 1868: Harvie Brown,
Zoologist, 1868, pp. 1484 and 1519; Gray, op. cit.

One, Christchurch, Hants, 6th Nov. 1868 : Gurney, Zoologist,
1868, p. 1481, and 1869, p. 1511.

120 RARE VISITANTS.

Fam: PIC! Dz.

GREAT BLACK WOODPECKER. Picus martius, Lin-
nus.

Hab. Northern Europe.

One or more, Devonshire, 1785-1790: Latham, Gen. Syn.
Suppl. p. 104.

One shot at Blandford, Dorset, 1799: Pulteney, Cat. Birds
Dorset, p. 6.

One shot at wyihifcleah Dorset, 1799: Pulteney, /. c.

One said to have been shot in Lancashire by Lord Stanley :
Montagu, Orn. Dict. Suppl. 18138; but the statement
subsequently shown to be incorrect: Collingwood, Hist.
Faun. Lancashire and Cheshire, p. 16; Zoologist, 1865,
pp- 9626, 9627.

One shot in Battersea Fields, Middlesex : Montagu, op. cit.

One formerly in collection of Donovan, now in the Derby
Museum, Liverpool; said to have been killed in this
country: Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. 11. p. 138.

One or more considered by Yarrell to have occurred in Scot-
land, from a statement by Sir Robert Sibbald in his ‘ His-
toria Animalium in Scotia,’ p.15; but this statement shown
to have been misconstrued: E. C. Buxton, Zoologist, 1865,
p. 9730.

One shot near Crediton, in collection of late Mr. Newton, of
Okehampton, Devon: Rowe, Nat. Hist. Dartmoor.

Two killed in Yorkshire: Yarrell, op. cit.

One in Lincolnshire: Yarrell, op. cit.

One shot near London about 1830: Blyth, Field ‘Naturalist,
p. 49.

Two reported to have been killed in Norfolk (Adam White,
Trans. Linn. Soc. 17th Nov. 1835) ; but there is no doubt
that the species obtained was Picus major: Stevenson,
Birds of Norfolk, vol. i. p. 291; Zoologist, 1864, p. 9248.

WOODPECKERS. 1 All

One seen several times in the Home Park, Windsor, April
1844: Clark Kennedy, Birds of Berks and Bucks, p. 178.

One shot at Shanklin, Isle of Wight, ‘many years” prior
to 1845: Bury, Zoologist, 1845, p.915; A. G. More in
Venable’s Guide to Isle of Wight, p. 430.

One seen several times in Caen Wood, Hampstead, May 1845:
Harting, Birds of Middlesex, p. 112.

Two shot near Nottingham. Macgillivray thus refers to
them :—“ Two specimens in my collection, a male and
female, which I purchased from Dr. Madden, to whom they
had been sent by their owner as having been shot near
Nottingham. That gentleman afterwards obtained for me
a certificate of the fact by the person who had procured
them” (Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. i. p. 79).

One or more, Worcestershire. ‘Of unfrequent occurrence,”
Hastings, Nat. Hist. Worcester, p. 66.

One killed, Ripley, near Knaresborough, March 1846: Garth,
Zoologist, 1846, p. 1298.

One, Audley End, near Saffron Walden, 5th June, 1847:
Newton, Zoologist, 1851, p. 3278.

One, Claremont, Surrey, prior to 1850: M‘Intosh, Naturalist,
1851, p. 20. Evidently a mistake.

Two seen at Yarm, Yorkshire: Hogg, Cat. Birds 8.E. Dur-
ham, p. 16; Hewitson, Eggs of British Birds, p. 193.

One, Somersetshire : Somerset Archzol. Proc. p. 144.

One, Belmont, Unst, Shetland: Crotch, Zoologist, 1861, p.7341.

One seen in Pignel Wood, near Brockenhurst, New Forest,
and eggs taken 9th June, 1862: Farren, Zoologist, 1862,
p. 8091; and Wise, New Forest, p. 272.

Two “frequently seen near Christchurch, Hants:” Yarrell,
l.c., and Wise, J. c.

One seen in Ditton Park, March 1867: Clark Kennedy, /. c.

One purchased in the flesh in Leadenhall Market, 6th Nov.
1868, but supposed to have been sent from Sweden with
Capercaillie: Gurney, Zoologist, 1869, p. 1515.

122 RARE VISITANTS.

One reported to have been shot at Binstead, Hants, 1868:
Gould, Zoologist, 1869, p. 1516; but subsequently ad-
mitted to have been purchased in Leadenhall Market :
Rodd, Zoologist, 1869, p. 1562.

MIDDLE SPOTTED WOODPECKER. Picus medius,
Linneus.

Hab. Europe.
One, Lancashire: Pennant, Brit. Zool. vol. i. p. 180.
One, Dorsetshire: Pulteney, Cat. Birds Dorset, p. 6.
One, Inverness-shire: St. John, Nat. Hist. Highlands, p. 76.
Two, Middlesex: Harting, Birds of Middlesex, p. 108.

Obs. Although, some years since, I included this
species in my ‘ Birds of Middlesex,’ p. 108, upon what
appeared at the time to be a sufficient warranty, |
think on maturer consideration that the species has
little or no claim to be included in the present list.

HAIRY WOODPECKER. Picus villosus, Linneus.

Hab. North America, to the eastern base of the Rocky
Mountains.

A pair, Halifax, Yorkshire, in collection of Duchess of Port-
land: Latham, Gen. Syn. vol. ii. p. 578; Ind. Orn. vol. 1.
p- 282.

One near Whitby, Yorkshire, 1849: Higgins, Zoologist,
1849, p. 2496 ; Bird, tom. cit. p. 2527 ; Newman, Zoologist,
1851, p. 2985; Bird, tom. cit. p. 3034.

DOWNY WOODPECKER. Picus pubescens, Linneus.

Hab. Eastern United States.

One, Bloxworth, near Blandford, Dorsetshire, Dec. 1836 :
Rey. O. P. Cambridge, Zoologist, 1859, p. 6444.

CUCKOOS. 1

GOLDEN-WINGED WOODPECKER. JPicus auratus,
Linneus.

Hab. Eastern North America.

One, Amesbury Park, Wilts, autumn 1836: Marsh, Zoolo-
gist, 1859, p. 6327.

Obs. Mr. Marsh says, J. ¢.:—My brother, now
Member for Salisbury, saw this bird in the flesh be-
fore it was preserved; it was brought to him just
after it was shot. It was preserved by Mr. Edwards,
of Amesbury, and has never been out of my posses-
sion.”

Fam. CUCULID &.

GREAT SPOTTED CUCKOO. Cuculus glandarius, Lin-
nus.

Hab. Africa and South-western Europe.

One, Omagh Island, co. Galway, March 1842: Ball, Ann.
Nat. Hist. 1843; Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland (Birds),
vol. i. p. 8364; Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. 1. p. 205*.

One near Chiltrim Farmhouse, North Tyne, 5th Aug. 1870:
Charlton, The Field, 3rd Sept. 1870+.

* Yarrell refers to another specimen as having been obtained at
Llawrenny, Pembrokeshire, and recorded in the ‘ Zoologist,’ 1851,
p- 3046; but on turning to the volume and page indicated, it ap-
pears that the communication has reference to an example of the
Yellow-billed Cuckoo. :

y+ This specimen was identified by Mr. W. Proctor, of Durham,
who preserved it for Mr. Charlton.

124 RARE VISITANTS.

YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO. Cuculus americanus,
Linnzeus.

Hab. Eastern United States, through Central America and

West Indies to Buenos Ayres.

One, Youghal, co. Cork, autumn 1825: Ball, Field Natura-
lists’ Magazine, 1832, p.6; Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ivrel.
(Birds), vol. i. p. 365; Harvey, Fauna of Cork, p. 10.

One near Bray, co. Wicklow: Ball, J. c.; Thompson, /. c.

One, Cornwall: Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. i. p. 210.

One, Stackpole Court, Pembrokeshire, autumn 1832: Tracey,
Zoologist, 1851, p. 3046; Yarrell, op. cit.

One near Aberystwith, 26th Oct. 1870: Cousens, The Field,
5th Nov. 1870.

BLACK-BILLED CUCKOO. Cuculus erythrophthalmus,
Wilson.

Hab. United States, throughout Central America to Upper

Amazon.

One, Killead, co. Antrim, 25th Sept. 1871: Lord Clermont,
Zoologist, 1872, p. 3022. Recorded as C. americanus,
Blake Knox, fom. cit. p. 2943. I examined this specimen
on the 28th May, 1872.

Fam. ALCEDINID &.

BELTED KINGFISHER. Ceryle alcyon (Linneus).
Hab. North America.

One, Annsbrook, co. Meath, Oct. 1845: Thompson, Ann.
Nat. Hist. 1845; Nat. Hist. Ireland (Birds), vol. 1,

p. 373.
One, Luggelaw, co. Wicklow, Nov. 1845: Thompson, op.
Cl.

SWALLOWS. HS)

Fam. HIRUNDINID 4.

PURPLE MARTIN. JHirundo purpurea, Linneus.
Hab. North America generally.

One, Kingstown, co. Dublin, 1840: Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds,
vol. 11. p. 267.

One, Colne Bridge, Huddersfield, 1854: Hobkirk, ‘ Hudders-
field, its Hist. and Nat. Hist.’ 1868, p. 218.

Obs. Two others are mentioned by Yarrell as having
been obtained at Kingsbury, Middlesex, in Sept. 1842 ;
but he was misinformed on the subject. A specimen,
said to have been shot near Macclesfield, was sold
at Stevens’s, with other birds from the Macclesfield
Museum, on the 14th June, 1861, and realized £1 8s.

WHITE-BELLIED SWALLOW. AHirundo bicolor, Vieil-
lot.
Hab. North America, from Atlantic to Pacific.

One near Derby, 1850: Wolley, Zoologist, 1853, p. 3806;
Newton, P. Z. 8. 1860, p. 181; Zoologist, 1860, p. 7145.

Fam. CYPSELID &.

ALPINE SWIFT. Cypselus melba, Illiger.

Hab. Central and Southern Europe, Western Asia, and
Africa.

One, Dover, 20th Aug. 1830: Note-book of a Naturalist,
p. 226.

126 RARE VISITANTS.

One, Buckenham, Norfolk, 13th Oct. 1831: Yarrell, Hist.
Brit. Birds, vol. i. p. 266.

One, Rathfarnham, near Dublin, March 1833: Dublin Penny
Journ. 1833; Yarrell, op. cit. |

One, Saffron Walden, Essex, July 1838: Macgillivray, Hist.
Brit. Birds, vol. i. p. 613.

One, Leicester, 23rd Sept. 1839 : Macgillivray, op. cit.

One, 40 miles W. of Land’s End, June 184.2: Couch, Cornish
Fauna, p. 147.

One, Cambridge, May 1844: Fitton, Zoologist, 1845, p. 1191.

One near Doneraile, co. Cork, June 1844: Thompson, Nat.
Hist. Irel. (Birds), vol. 1. p. 418.

One, St. Leonards-on-Sea, Oct. 1851: Ellman, Zoologist,
1852, p. 3330.

One, Mylor, Cornwall, 1859: Bullmore, Cornish Fauna,
p. 24.

One, Hulme, near Manchester, 18th Oct. 1863: Carter, Zoo-
logist, 1863, p. 8846.

One seen at Kingsbury Reservoir, Aug. 1841, and one shot
near Reading next day: Harting, Birds of Middlesex,
p. 128.

One near Lough Neagh, May 1866: Howard Saunders, Zoo-
logist, 1866, p. 389.

One near Weston-super-Mare: Cecil Smith, Birds of Somer-
setshire, p. 287.

Several seen, Isles of Arran, west coast of Ireland, July 1866:
Blake Knox, Zoologist, 1866, p. 4.56.

Several seen, Achill Island, co. Mayo: Blake Knox, tom. cit.
p- 528.

One near the Lizard, Cornwall: Rodd, List Birds Cornwall,
2nd ed. p. 238.

One, Aldeburgh, Suffolk, 8th Sept. 1870: Hill, The Field,
17th Sept. 1870.

One seen, Colchester, 8th June, 1871: Dr. Bree, The Field,
17th June, 1871.

SWIFTS. Ar

One seen, Norwich, June 1871, on two occasions: H. Steven-
son, MS.

One seen, South Point, Durham, 24th July 1871: Crawhall,
The Field, 5th Aug. 1871.

SPINE-TAILED SWIFT. Cypselus caudacutus (La-
tham).
Hab. Siberia, India, Persia, China, and Australia.

One, Great Horkesley, near Colchester, 8th July 1846:
Catchpool, Zoologist, 1846, p. 1492; Newman, Zoologist,
1863, p. 8329.

Obs. This bird was examined in the flesh by

Messrs. Yarrell, Fisher, Hall, Edward Doubleday, and

Newman.

Fam. CAPRIMULGID &.

RUFOUS-NAPED NIGHTJAR. Caprimulgus ruficollis,
Temminck.

Hab. North Africa and South-western Europe.

One, Killingworth, near Newcastle, 6th Oct. 1856: Hancock,

Ibis, 1862, p. 39.

Obs. My. Hancock says (J. ¢.):—“I am far from
believing that this is really its first occurrence in our
island. It very closely resembles C. ewropwus, and 1s
almost sure to be confounded with that species by the
casual observer.”

It is said to be distinguishable by its smaller size
and by the general lighter colour of its plumage
(cf. ‘Ibis, 1866, p. 180).

128 RARE VISITANTS,.

Order III. RASORES.

Fam. COLUMBID &.

PASSENGER PIGEON. Columba migratoria, Lin-
neeus.

Hab. North America to High Central Plains.

One, Monymeal, Fifeshire, 31st Dec. 1825: Fleming, Hist.
Brit. An. p. 145.

One near Royston, Hertfordshire, July 1844: Yarrell, Hist.
Brit. Birds, vol. 1. p. 317.

One seen near Tring, Hertfordshire: Yarrell, op. cit.

One near Mellerstain, Berwickshire, shot by Lord Hadding-
ton: Turnbull, Birds of East Lothian, p. 41%.

Fam. PTEROCLID &.

PALLASS SANDGROUSE. Syrrhaptes paradoaus (Pal-
las).

Hab. Astracan, Turkestan, and particularly the Kirghiz
Steppes.

First included in the British list by Mr. T. J. Moore
(Zoologist, 1859, p. 6728; Ibis, 1860, p. 105) from a
specimen obtained at Tremadoc, North Wales, on the
9th July, 1859}. It was in company with two others

* A gentleman in Berwickshire, however, had turned out several
Passenger Pigeons, shortly before the Mellerstein specimen was
shot (Turnbull, /. ¢.).

+ A specimen in the Lynn Museum was also procured in July,
1859, at Walpole, St. Peters, Norfolk (Rey. F. L. Currie, Ibis, 1859,
p. 472: Stevenson, Birds of Norfolk, vol. i. p. 337).

GROUSE. 129

which escaped. In 1863 an extraordinary flight of
these birds visited Great Britain, and numerous ex-
amples were shot and duly chronicled. A very com-
plete summary of these will be found in an article by
Professor Newton in ‘ The Ibis, 1864, p.185; and as
regards the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk, where as
many as seventy-five were killed, the reader may be
referred to an excellent chapter on the subject in

Stevenson’s ‘ Birds of Norfolk,’ vol. i. pp. 376-404.

Fam. TETRAONID&.

BARBARY PARTRIDGE. Perdix petrosa (Gmelin).
Hab. North Africa.

One, Edmondthorpe, near Melton Mowbray, April 1842:
Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. ii. p. 400.

One, Sudbourn, Suffolk: Yarrell, op. cit.

One, Freston, Suffolk: J. H. Gurney, jun., MS.

One near Ipswich: id.*

One, Killiganoon, Cornwall, 1865 : Bullmore, Cornish Fauna,
p. 25.

VIRGINIAN COLIN. Ortyx virginianus (Linneus).
Hab. Eastern United States to the High Central Plains.
This can only be regarded as an introduced species,

and has therefore no claim to be considered a British

bird. Early in the present century several pairs were

* Mr. Gurney considers that these specimens must have been
turned down or their eggs introduced by game-preservers.

K

130 RARE VISITANTS.

turned out in Norfolk by the late Earl of Leicester
(Stevenson, ‘ Birds of Norfolk, vol. i. p. 436). In
1840 a number were liberated in the neighbourhood
of Windsor by his Royal Highness the late Prince
Consort (Clark Kennedy, ‘ Birds of Berks and Bucks,’
p. 182). In 1857 four brace were let loose in East
Lothian, and were subsequently reported to be thri-
ving (Turnbull, ‘ Birds of East Lothian,’ p. 42).

In April, 1867, three males and four females were
set free by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales
at Sandringham (‘'The Field,’ 26th Aug. 1871). Since
that time, the Maharajah Duleep Singh and other gen-
tlemen in the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk have
turned out a good many. It is thus easy to account
for the appearance of the solitary specimens which
have been shot at various times in different localities,
and thereupon chronicled as rare British birds.

Fam. TURNICID &.

ANDALUSIAN HEMIPODE. Turnix sylvatica (Des-
fontaines).

Hab. Southern Europe and Northern Africa.

One, Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, 29th Oct. 1844: Goatley,
Ann. Nat. Hist. 1845; Zoologist, 1845, p. 872.

One near the same place shortly afterwards: Goatley, J. c. ;
Matthews, Zoologist, 1849, p. 2599.

One, Fartown, near Huddersfield, 7th April, 1865: Gould,
P. Z. 8. 1866, p. 210; *‘ Huddersfield, its Hist. and Nat.
Hist.’ p. 219.

PLOVERS. ot

Order IV. GRALLATORES.

Fam. OTIDID &.

MACQUEEN’S BUSTARD. Otis macqueeni, Gray.
Hab. Afghanistan and North-west India.

One, Kirton Lindsey, Lincolnshire, 7th Oct. 1847: Roberts,
Zoologist, 1848, pp. 1969, 2065; Newman, tom. cit.p. 2146;
Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. 11. p.457. In the Museum
of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society at York.

Obs. This is not the only instance of the occurrence
of this species in Europe. Specimens have been met
with at Zeist in Holland, at Dieghem near Brussels,
and in Denmark.

Fam. CHARADRIID &.

CREAM-COLOURED COURSER. Cursorius gallicus,
Gmelin.

Hab. North Africa.

One near Wingham, Kent: Latham, Gen. Syn. Suppl. p. 254,
pl. 116 (1787); Montagu, Orn. Dict.; Fox, Zool. Journ.
vol. i. p. 493; and Naturalist, 1837, p. 133. In the
British Museum.

One, North Wales, 1793: Fleming, Hist. Brit. An. p. 112.

One near Weatherby, April 1816: Atkinson, Compend. Brit.
Orn. p. 165.

Ken

is RARE VISITANTS.

One, Yorkshire, 1825: Gould, fide Lord Harewood, Birds of
Great Britain.

One, Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire, 15th Oct. 1827: Fox,
Zoological Journal, vol. iii. p. 492, figured by Selby and
Bewick.

One, Freston, near Aldeburgh, Suffolk, 3rd Oct. 1828: Acton,
Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. iv. p. 163. In the collection of the
late Mr. Hoy.

One, Cheswick, Northumberland, 9th Nov. 1846: in the
collection of Mr. Brodrick.

One seen near Blakeney, Norfolk, autumn 1847: Stevenson,
Birds of Norfolk, vol. 1. p. 49.

One seen, Westacre, Norfolk, autumn 1855: Stevenson,
op. cit.

One, East Down, Salisbury Plain, 2nd Oct. 1855: Gardner,
Zoologist, 1855, p. 4913; Yarrell, op. cit. vol. 1. p. 463.
Two seen, one shot, Braunton Burrows, North Devon, Oct.
1856: Mathew, Zoologist, 1857, p. 5346. In the pos-

session of the Rev. J. W. Landon, of Braunton.

One, Hackney Marshes, Middlesex, 19th Oct. 1858: New-
man, Zoologist, 1858, p.6309; Harting, Birds of Middlesex,
p- 142. In the possession of Mr. Beresford.

Two seen, Braunton Burrows, North Devon, March 1860 :
Mathew, Zoologist, 1860, p. 6980.

One, Somerset: Rowe, List Birds Devon, p. 32.

One, Allonby, near Maryport, Cumberland, Oct. 1864: Allis,
Zoologist, 1865, p. 9418.

One near Sandwich, Kent, Oct. 1866: Harding, Zoologist,
1866, p. 523. In the Margate Museum ?, lately sold.

One, Cleghorn, near Lanark, 8th Oct. 1868: Walker, Zoolo-
gist, 1868, p. 1459; Harvie Brown, tom. cit, p. 1482;
Gray, Birds of West of Scotland, p. 250.

One, Christchurch, Hants: Gurney, Zoologist, 1869, p. 1512.

One near Low Lynn, Northumberland, Nov. 1870: Gurney,
Zoologist, 1871, pp. 2522, 2562. In the Berwick Museum.

PLOVERS. 33

COLLARED PRATINCOLE. Glareola pratincola (Lin-
nzeus).

Hab. Europe; Asia; Africa.

One, Boldness, Cumberland, 1807 : Graves, Brit. Orn. vol. ii.,
not paged.

One near Ormskirk, Lancashire, 1807: Bullock, Trans. Linn.
SocwISida, vol x. p. 177.

One near Truro, Cornwall, Sept. 1811: Graves, op. cit.

One, Unst, Shetland, 16th Aug. 1812: Bullock, J. c.

One, Ende Waters, Surrey, prior to 1821: Graves, op. cit.

Two, Breydon, Yarmouth, May 1827: Paget, Sketch Nat.
Hist. Yarmouth, p. 10.

One, Branston Hall, near Lincoln, 15th Aug. 1827: Yarrell,
Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. u. p. 478.

One, Wilbraham Fen, Cambridge, May 1835: Yarrell, fide
Rev. L. Jenyns, op. cit.

One, Castle Freke, co. Cork: Harvey, Fauna of Cork, p. 11.

One, Blakeney, Norfolk, May 1840: Yarrell, op. cit.

One, Tilshead, Salisbury Plain, Nov. 1852: A. C. Smith,
Zoologist, 1853, p. 3845; Yarrell, op. cit.

One, Staxten Wold, Scarborough, May 1844: Sir W. Mil-
ner, Zoologist, 1848, p. 2023.

One, Bedlington, Northumberland, Feb. 1850: Duff, Zoolo-
gist, 1850, p. 2771. Inthe collection of Mr. J. H. Gurney,
jun.

Two seen at Exmouth: Rowe, List Birds Devon, p. 32.

Two seen on the Warren, Exmouth, 7th Sept. 1851: Hon. 'T.
Powys, Zoologist, 1852, p. 3710.

One, Stokes Bay, near Gosport, Oct. 1864: Feilden, Zoolo-
gist, 1872, p. 2945.

One, Feltwell, Norfolk, June 1868: Stevenson, Zoologist,
1869, p. 1492.

One near Whitby, 19th Oct. 1871 : Simpson, Zoologist, 1871,
p. 2870.

134 RARE VISITANTS.

LITTLE RINGED PLOVER. gialitis curonicus
(Gmelin)*.
Hab. Europe; Asia; North Africa.

One, Shoreham, Sussex (Doubleday) : Gould, Birds of Europe.

Two, Norwich Museum, said to have been killed in Norfolk
(Lubbock, ‘ Fauna of Norfolk,’ p. 73) ; one only exists at
present, and its history is more than doubtful: ¢f. Steven-
son, Birds of Norfolk, vol. 11. p. 97.

One, Whixley, Yorkshire, 30th July, 1850: Garth, Zoologist,
1850, p. 2953.

One, Shoreham, Sussex, Sept. 1851: Ellman, Zoologist, 1851,
p. 8279.

One near Brighton: Cavafy, Naturalist, 1854, p. 234.

Several between Cuckmere Haven and Seaford, Sussex, Feb.
1855: Grantham, Zoologist, 1855, p. 4762.

One out of a flock near Barnstaple, Sept. 1859: Mathew,
Zoologist, 1859, p. 6762.

One, Christchurch, Hants, “ many years ago:” Wise, New
Forest (1862), p. 315.

One, Scilly, Oet. 1863: Rodd, Zoologist, 1863, p. 8848.

One, Kingsbury Reservoir, Middlesex, 30th Aug. 1864:
Harting, Zoologist, 1864, p. 9283; Birds of Middlesex,
p- 149. In the author’s collection.

Three out of a flock of twenty, between Lewes and Newhaven,
17th March, 1866: Monk, Zoologist, 1866, p. 229.

KILLDEER PLOVER. gialitis vociferus (Linnzeus).

Hab. North and South America.

One, Knapp Mill, near Christchurch, Hants, April 1857:

Sclater, Ibis, 1862, p. 275.

* Charadrius curonicus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. p. 692 (1788), and
Beseke, fide Gmelin, Vig. Kurlands, p. 66 (1792). C. philippinus,
Latham, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 745 (1790). CGC. fluviatilis, Bechstein,
Naturg. Vog. Deutschl. p. 422 (1809). C. minor, Meyer & Wolf,
Taschenb. Vog. Deutschl. i. p. 324 (1810).

SANDPIPERS. 135

Fam. SCOLOPACID &.

BLACK-WINGED STILT. Himantopus candidus, Bon-
naterre *.
Hab. South and South-eastern Europe; India; Africa.

Two near Dumfries: Sir R. Sibbald, Hist. Scot. lib. in. p. 18
Pennant, Caledonian Zoology, p. 35, pl. 4.

Six, Frinsham Pond, Hants, April 1779: Gilbert White, Nat.
Hist. Selborne.

One, Mountains of Clova, and one, Ben Lawers, Perthshire,
August 1793: Don, Faun. Forfar. (1812).

One, Anglesea, 1793: Montagu, Orn. Dict. (suppl.).

One near Oxford: Pennant, Brit. Zool.

Two, Lopness, Orkney, 1814: Baikie and Heddle, Hist. Nat.
Orcadensis, p. 64.

A pair, Hickling, Norfolk, 1822: Paget, Sketch N. H. Yar-
mouth, p. 10.

One, Northwold Fen, Norfolk, June 1822: Stevenson, Birds
of Norfolk, vol. ii. p. 244.

One, Breydon Harbour, Yarmouth, May 1823: Stevenson,
op. cit.

One seen near Youghal, co. Cork, winter 1823: Thompson,
Nat. Hist. Irel. (Birds), vol. 11. p. 221.

One, Lincolnshire, July 1824: Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds,
VO, lls p. 677.

One, Devonshire, and one Slapton Ley, near Dartmouth :
Moore, Trans. Plymouth Inst. 1830, p. 331, and Mag. Nat.
Hist. 1837, p. 822.

One, Poole, Dorsetshire: Yarrell, op. cit.

* Himantopus candidus, Bonnaterre, Tabl. Encyclop. Orn. vol. 1.
p- 24 (1791). H. rufipes, Bechstein, Naturg. Vég. Deutschl. vol. iv.
p- 446 (1809). H. atropterus, Meyer and Wolf, Taschenb. Vog.
Deutschl. vol. ii. p. 315 (1810). AZ. ielanopterus, Temminck, Man.
@’Orn. vol. ii. p. 528 (1820).

136 RARE VISITANTS.

One on the Bure, Yarmouth, 1824: Paget, op. cit.

A pair, Stoke Ferry, Norfolk, spring 1826: Yarrell, op. cit.

One, Frinsham Pond, Hants, Dec. 1832: Holme, Zoologist,
1856, p. 5041. |

One near Lough Mask, co. Mayo, Jan. 1836: Thompson,
op. ett.

One, Clontarf, Dublin Bay, 1837: Thompson, op. cit.
One seen, Yarmouth, Norfolk, autumn 1839 : Stevenson, op. cit.
One, Hickling, Norfolk, 7th May, 1842: Gurney and Fisher,
Zoologist, 1843, p. 182; Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. 353.
One, Shetland, “some years ago:” Edmonstone, Zoologist,
1844, p. 463; Crotch, Zoologist, 1861, p. 7342.

One near Thornbury, Gloucestershire: Dillwyn, Fauna of
Swansea (1848), p. 8.

One, Perlethorpe, Notts, 30th Jan. 1848: Sterland, Birds of
Sherwood Forest, p. 194.

One, Shipley, near Henley: Matthews, Zoologist, 1849, p.2601.

One on the Clyde, near Port Glasgow, 1850: Gray, Birds W.
Scotland, p. 303.

One, Swanpool, Cornwall: Cocks, Contrib. Faun. Falmouth,
Naturalist, 1851, p. 114; Bullmore, Cornish Fauna, p. 29.

One, Bosham, Sussex, Dec. 1855: Newman, Zoologist, 1856,
p. 4946.

One, Trotton, Sussex, 17th May, 1859: Knox, Ibis, 1859,
p- 395*.

One seen, Yarmouth, 19th May, 1866: Stevenson, op. cit.

One seen, Tile Burn, Aberdeen, 15th Sept. 1867: R. Gray,
op. cut.

One, Possil Marsh, near Glasgow, Oct. 1867: R. Gray, op. cit.

One, Dumfriesshire, Oct. 1867: R. Gray, op. cit.

One, Faversham, Kent: in the Canterbury Museum?.

* An interesting account of the habits of this bird is given, 7. ¢.

+ A bird recorded as the Black-winged Stilt, shot at Stanningfield,
near Bury St. Edmunds, in May 1871 (Zool. 1871, p. 2684), proved
to be the Dusky Redshank, Zotanus fuscus (Zool. 1872, p. 3064).

SANDPIPERS. lay

YELLOWSHANK. Totanus flavipes (Gmelin).
Hab. North and South America.

One, Misson, Lincolnshire, winter 1854-55: Yarrell, Hist.
Brit. Birds, vol. i. p. 637.

One near Tadcaster, Oct. 1858: Sir W. Milner, Zoologist,
1858, p. 5958: Graham, Naturalist, 1858, p. 291.

One, Marazion, Cornwall, 12th Oct. 1871: Rodd, Zoologist,
1871, p. 2807.

SOLITARY SANDPIPER. Totanus solitarius (Wilson)*.
Hab. North and South America.

One on the Clyde, Lanarkshire, “some years ago:” R. Gray,
Ibis, 1870, p. 292; Birds of the West of Scotland, p. 295.

BARTRAM’S SANDPIPER. Actiturus bartramius
(Wilson).
Hab. North and South America.

One near Warwick, 31st Oct. 1851: Reid, Zoologist, 1852,
p- 3380; Gurney, tom. cit. p. 3388; More, Zoologist, 1854,
p. 4254; Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. 11. p. 633.

One near Cambridge, 12th Dec. 1854: Tearle, Ilustr. Lond.
News, 20th Jan. 1855, and figure; Yarrell, op. cit. In the
collection of Mr. J. H. Gurney.

One on the Wye, at Bigswear, Gloucestershire, 19th Jan. 1855:
Morris, Brit. Birds, vol. iv. p. 296.

One near Falmouth, 18th Nov. 1865: Bullmore, Zoologist,
1866, p. 87; Cornish Fauna, p. 31f.

* T. solitarius, Wilson, Am. Orn. vii. p. 53, pl. 58 (1818). F.
chloropygius, Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. vi. p. 401 (1816). This bird
closely resembles the Wood Sandpiper (7. glareola), but has the
upper tail-coverts dark greenish brown instead of white, and each
feather in the tail is broadly barred with black across both webs.

+ In the ‘ Zoologist’ for 1864, p. 9118, Mr. Dutton, of Eastbourne,
reported his possession of a specimen of Bartram’s Sandpiper, shot
at Newhaven, On examining this bird, however, I found it to be a
Ruff (Machetes pugnaa) in autumn plumage.

138 RARE VISITANTS.

BUFF-BREASTED SANDPIPER. Tringites rufescens
(Vieillot).
Hab. North and South America.

One, Melbourne, Cambridgeshire, Sept. 1826: Yarrell, Trans.
Linn. Soc. vol. xvi. p. 109, pl. 11; Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. 11.
p- 60; Eyton, Rarer Brit. Birds, p. 39, figure.

One, Formby, Lancashire, May 1829: Yarrell, op. ci¢.

One, Sherringham, Norfolk, 29th July, 1832: Yarrell, op. cit.;
Stevenson, Birds of Norfolk, vol. 11. p. 359.

One, Yarmouth, autumn 1839: Yarrell, op. cit.; Stevenson,
op. cit.

One, Yarmouth, 22nd Sept. 1841: Fisher, Zoologist, 1843,
p- 182; Stevenson, op. cit. In the collection of Mr. J. H.
Gurney.

One, Sussex coast, 1843: Bond, Zoologist, 1843, p. 148.

One, Yarmouth, 20th Sept. 1843: Fisher, Zoologist, 18438,
p- 863. In the collection of Mr. J. H. Gurney.

One, Marazion, Cornwall, 3rd Sept. 1846: Rodd, Zoologist,
1846, p. 1500.

One near Dublin: M‘Coy, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1845,
p- 271. In Mus. Nat. Hist. Soc. Dublin.

One on the Exe, August 1851: D’Urban, Guide to Exeter,
p. 122.

One, Lundy Island, 1858: in possession of Dr. Woodforde,
of Taunton.

One, Land’s End, 8th Sept. 1860: Rodd, Zoologist, 1860,
p. 7236.

Two, People’s Park, Belfast, Oct. 1864: Saunders, Zoologist,
1866, p. 389; Blake Knox, tom. cit. p. 457.

One, co. Dublin: Blake Knox, Zoologist, 1866, p. 303.

One, Scilly, Sept. 1870: Rodd, Zoologist, 1870, p. 2346*.

* Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., informs me that a specimen recorded in
the ‘ Zoologist,’ 1857, p. 5791, as a Buff-breasted Sandpiper, was,
he believes, a young Ruff.

SANDPIPERS. 139

SPOTTED SANDPIPER. Tringoides macularius (Lin-
nus).

Hab. North America.

One, Essex: Edwards’s Gleanings in Nat. Hist. vol. vi. p. 139.

Two near Belfast, July and Sept. 1828: Mag. Nat. Hist.
1829, p. 895%.

One near Runton, Norfolk, 26th Sept. 1839+: Yarrell, Hist.
Brit. Birds, vol. i. p. 661.

Two seen, Shetland, 1844: Zoologist, 1844, p. 462.

One seen, Bridlington, Yorkshire, March 1848: Zoologist,
1848, p. 2147.

One, Whitby, 29th March, 1849: Sir W. Milner, Zoologist,
1849, p. 2455; Higgins, fom. cit. p. 2456.

One, Bishop’s Auckland, April 1849: Duff, Zoologist, 1849,
p. 2499.

One seen, Bishop’s Auckland, 3rd June, 1850: Duff, Zoolo-
gist, 1851, p. 3036.

Several near Brighton: Cavafy, Naturalist, 1854, p. 234.

One, Kingsbury Reservoir, Middlesex: Harting, Birds of
Middlesex, p. 180. In the collection of Mr. Bond.

wo, Warrington, Lancashire, May 1863: Smith, Notabilia
of the Mersey District, p. 51.

One, Formby, Lancashire: Byerley’s Fauna of Liverpool,
p- 19.

One, Epworth, Lincolnshire, Feb. 1864: Hudson, Zoologist,
1864, pp. 9046, 9290 ft.

One, Eastbourne, Sussex, Oct. 1866. In the collection of
Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun.

* This occurrence seems doubtful: cf. Thompson, Nat. Hist. Irel.
(Birds), vol. 11. p. 216.

+ The owner of this specimen, Mr. J. H. Gurney, informs me that
he has now no doubt that he was imposed upon when he purchased
it, and that it was set up from an American skin.

+ This, like many of the preceding, is a doubtful instance.

140 RARE VISITANTS.

Two, Aberdeen?, Aug. 1867: Gray, Birds of West of Scot-
land, p. 299.

One near Mildenhall, Suffolk, 1869: Tuck, Zoologist, 1871,
p- 2684 *,

PECTORAL SANDPIPER. Tringa maculata, Vieillott.
Hab. North and South America.

One, Breydon Harbour, Yarmouth, 17th Oct. 1830: Hoy,
Mag. Nat. Hist. 1837, p. 116; Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds,
vol. ii. p. 82.

One, Annet I., Scilly, 27th May, 1840: Rodd, Zoologist,
1843, p. 141: Yarrell, op. cit.

One, Hartlepool, Oct. 1841: Yarrell, op. cit.; Hogg, Cat.
Birds Durham, p. 28.

One, Gwyllyn Vase, near Falmouth: Cocks, Contrib. Faun.
Falmouth, Naturalist, 1851, p. 137.

One, Teesmouth, August 1853: Rudd, Naturalist, 1853, p. 275.

One near Yarmouth, 30th Sept. 1853: Gurney, Zoologist,
1853, p. 4124; Stevenson, Birds of Norfolk, vol. 11. p. 368 {.
In the collection of Mr. J. H. Gurney.

* A specimen of the Spotted Sandpiper in my collection, purchased
some years since of Mr. H. Burton, was said to have been shot, with
another, out of a small flock of Sandpipers, on the Kentish coast, by
a man from whom he was in the habit of buying freshly killed birds ;
but I have been unable to obtain any further particulars. The
price asked and given for it (only two or three shillings) seemed to
indicate an ignorance of its value as a British killed specimen, and
to preclude the notion of attempted imposition.

+ Tringa maculata, Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. xxxiv. p. 465
(1819). Tringa pectoralis, Say, Long’s Exped. i. p. 171 (1823).

t In the ‘ Zoologist’ for 1849 (p. 2392), Mr. J. H. Gurney re-
corded a specimen of this Sandpiper as having been shot on the
Denes at Yarmouth in September 1848; but in a subsequent note
in the same journal he states that he had been imposed upon, and
that the skin was a foreign one.

SANDPIPERS. 141

One, Coatham, near Redear, Yorkshire, 17th Oct. 1853:
Rudd, Naturalist, 1853, p. 275.

One near Whitley, Northumberland, 27th June, 1855: Bold,
Zoologist, 1855, p. 4808.

One, Northumberland coast. Shot by Mr. W. Proctor, of
Durham ; hitherto unrecorded.

One, Caistor, near Yarmouth, 16th Sept. 1865: Stevenson,
op._cit.

One, Don Mouth, Aberdeen, 2nd Oct. 1867: R. Gray, Birds
of the West of Scotland, p. 321.

One, Terrington Marsh, near Lynn, 9th Jan. 1868: Steven-
son, op. cit.

Three, Scilly, Sept. 1870: Rodd, Zoologist, 1870, p. 2346 ;
Mathew, Zoologist, 1872, p.

One, Eastbourne, Sept. 1870: hitherto unrecorded.

One, Thorpe Mere, Aldeburgh, Suffolk, 5th Oct. 1870:
Hele, The Field, 15th Oct. 1870.

A pair, Braunton Burrows, North Devon, 12th Sept. 1871:
Rickards, Zoologist, 1871, p. 2808%.

BROAD-BILLED SANDPIPER. Tringa platyrhyncha,
Temminck.

Hab. Northern Europe and Asia, migrating southwards
on both continents for the winter.

One, Breydon Harbour, Yarmouth, 25th May, 1836: Hoy,
Mag. Nat. Hist. 1837, p. 116; Gurney, Zoologist, 1846,
p- 13875; Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. i. p. 65 ; Steven-
son, Birds of Norfolk, vol. ii. p. 360.

* A bird killed near Ulceby, Lincolnshire, on the 12th Oct. 1863,
was recorded as the Pectoral Sandpiper by the Rev. F. O. Morris in
‘The Field’ of Nov. 7, 1863. I am informed, however, by Mr. J.
Cordeaux, who shot it, that it was only an unusually small example
of the Reeve, Machetes pugnax.

142 RARE VISITANTS.

One, Belfast Bay, 4th Oct.1844: Thompson, Ann. Nat. Hist.
vol. xv. p. 8309; Nat. Hist. Irel. (Birds), vol. 11. p. 282.
One, Shoreham, Sussex, Oct. 1845: Borrer, Zoologist, 1845,

p- 1394; Yarrell, op. cit. In the collection of Mr. Borrer.
One, Breydon Harbour, Yarmouth, 25th May, 1856: Gurney,
Zoologist, 1856, p. 5159; Stevenson, fom. cit. p. 5160.
In the collection of Mr. J. H. Gurney.
One, same place, 23rd April, 1868: Stevenson, Birds of Nor-
folk, vol. ii. p. 8361. In the collection of Mr. Stevenson.

BONAPARTE’S SANDPIPER. Tringa bonaparti,
Schlegel *.
Hab. North and South America.

One, Stoke Heath, Shropshire: Eyton, Fauna of Shropshire,
Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. ii. p. 53; Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds,
vol. mi. p. 79.

One, Ireland; in Belfast Museum: Yarrell, op. cit.

A pair, Hayle, Cornwall, 13th Oct. 1846: Rodd, Zoologist,
1846, p. 1554. In the collection of Mr. Rodd.

One, Scilly, Oct. 1854: Rodd, Zoologist, 1854, p. 4512.

One, Kingsbury, Middlesex, 1856: Harting, Birds of Middle-
sex, p. 273. In the collection of Mr. H. E. Dresser.

One near Bexhill, Sussex, 8th Oct. 1857: Kent, Zoologist,
1859, p. 6537. In the collection of Mr. J. H. Gurney.
Two, Scilly, Oct.1870: Rodd, Zoologist, 1870, pp. 2384, 2409.
Four, Instow, North Devon, Nov. 1870: C. Smith, Zoologist,

1870, p. 2409; Mathew, Zoologist, 1871, p. 2441. In the

collections of Mr. Cecil Smith and Rev. M. A. Mathew.

One, Eastbourne, Sussex, 12th Nov. 1870: Bates, Zoologist,
1871, p. 2442. In the collection of Mr. J. H. Gurney.

* This is the Schinz’s Sandpiper of Eyton, Yarrell, and other
English naturalists. Zringa schinzit of Bonaparte, Amer. Orn. iv.
p. 69, pl. 24 (1832), but not of Brehm, Beitriige, ii. p. 355 (1822),
and Naumann, Naturg. Vog. Deutschl. vii. p. 453, pl. 187 (1834),
whose 7’. schinzii is only a small variety of the Dunlin, 7’. alpina.

SNIPE. 143

AMERICAN STINT. Tringa pusilla, Wilson*.
Hab. North and South America; West Indies.

One, Marazion Marsh, Cornwall, 10th Oct. 1853: Rodd,
Zoologist, 1854, p. 4297; Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds (pre-
face to 3rd edition). In the collection of Mr. Vingoe.

One, Northam Burrows, Devon, Sept. 1869: Rodd, The
Field, 23rd Oct. 1869; Zoologist, 1869, p. 1920; Rickards,
Zoologist, 1870, p. 2025. In the collection of Mr. Rick-
ards tT.

WILSON’S SNIPE. Gallinago wilsoni, Temminck.
Hab. North and South America.

One, hitherto unrecorded, killed in the grounds of Mr. Charles
Pascoe Grenfell, at Taplow Court, Bucks, Ist Aug. 1863.
It was forwarded in the flesh to Mr. Gould for identifica-
tion ; and while in his possession I had an opportunity of
examining itt.

* T. pusilla, Wilson, Am. Orn. v. p. 32, pl. 37 (1812), not of
Linneus. 7’. minutilla, Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. xxxiv. p. 466 (1819).
T. wilsont, Nuttall, Man. ii. p. 121 (1834).

t+ Mr. Rickards kindly brought this specimen to London, shortly
after he had skinned it, in order that I might see it. We compared
it with skins in my collection from North and South America and the
West Indies, and were satisfied of its identity with Wilson’s species.

t+ Although this specimen has but fourteen feathers in the tail,
like our Common Snipe, instead of sixteen, which is the usual num-
ber in G. wilsoni, the general character of the plumage and par-
ticularly the colour of the axillary plumes (which are closely barred
across both webs) show that it is referable to the American and not
to the European species. It may have lost the outer tail-feather
on each side, or may never have possessed more than fourteen ; for it
appears that in some species the number of tail-feathers is not
always canstant. While this sheet was passing through the press, a
Snipe was forwarded to Mr. Gould by Mr. Rodd, of Penzance, which,
possessing sixteen feathers in the tail, was thought, chiefly on

144 RARE VISITANTS.

RED-BREASTED SNIPE. Macrorhamphus griseus(Gmel. ).
Hab. North America.

One, Devonshire, Oct. 1801: Montagu, Orn. Dict.

One, Devonshire: Moore, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1837, p. 320%.

One near Carlisle, 25th Sept. 1835: Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds,
vol. iii. p. 47. In the collection of the late Mr. Heysham.

One, Yarmouth, autumn 1836: Stevenson, Birds of Norfolk,
vol, ii. p. 348. In the collection of Mr. J. H. Gurney.

One, Yarmouth, Oct. 1841: Hoy, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1841,
vol. vi. p. 236. In the collection of Mr. J. H. Gurney.

Four near Newport, Isle of Wight, 1842: Bury, Zoologist,
1845, p. 931 (doubtful).

Two seen, one killed, Horsey, Norfolk, 9th Oct. 1845:
Gurney, Zoologist, 1846, p. 1874; Stevenson, op. cit.

One, Point of Ayr, Isle of Man, 1847: Hadfield, Zoologist,
1856, p. 5251.

One on the Thames, near Battersea: Harting, Birds of
Middlesex, p. 195. In the collection of Mr. Bond.

One, Scilly, Oct. 1857: Rodd, Zoologist, 1857, p. 5882 ;
1863, p. 8848.

One, Kingsbridge, Devonshire, 1857: Nicholls, Zoologist,
18570. 791

One, Sands near Banff, 25th Sept. 1858: Edward, Zoologist,
1858, p. 6269.

One on the Brent, Stone Bridge, Middlesex, Oct. 1862:
Harting, Birds of Middlesex, p. 195. In the author’s col-
lection.

that account, to be G. wilson? ; but in no other respect does it differ
from our Common Snipe, and I am satisfied therefore that it is only
a variety of that species. At p. 51, anted, I have called attention to
the fact that a specimen of G. major, examined by Mr. Rodd, had
eighteen feathers in the tail instead of sixteen.

* A Catalogue of the Wading Birds of Devonshire.

STORKS. 145

One, Dunbarnie Links, near Largo, Sept. 1867: R. Gray,
Birds of West of Scotland, p. 314.

One on the Clyde, Lanarkshire, “some years ago:” R. Gray,
Ibis, 1870, p. 292.

ESQUIMAUX CURLEW. Numenius borealis (Forster)*.
Hab. North America.

One, Cairn Monearn, near Stonehaven, Kincardineshire, 6th
Sept. 1855 : Longmuir, Naturalist, 1855, p. 265; Yarrell,
Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. 11. p. 620.

One on the Alde, near Aldeburgh, Suffolk: Hele, Notes
about Aldeburgh, p. 177. Not preserved.

One, Woodbridge, Suffolk: Hele, op. cit. In the possession
of Mr. Hilling, of Woodbridge.

One purchased in Dublin in the flesh, 21st Oct. 1870: Blake-
Knox, Zoologist, 1870, p. 2408. In the coilection of Sir
Victor Brooket.

Fam. CICONIID &.

BLACK STORK. Ciconia nigra (Linneus).
Hab. Europe; India; Africa.

One, West Sedge Moor, Somerset, 13th May, 1814: Montagu,
Trans. Linn. Soc. 1818, vol. xii. p. 19.

Three, Norfolk, 1823: Stevenson, Birds of Norfolk, vol. ii.
p- 183.

One, on the Tamar, Devon, 5th Nov. 1831: Moore, Mag.
Nat. Hist. 1837, p. 321; Rodd, Zoologist, 1848, p. 2147.

* Numenius borealis of Forster, Phil. Trans. Ixii. p. 411 (1772),
and Latham, Ind. Orn. i. p. 712 (1790); not of Gmelin, whose
borealis, Syst. Nat. i. p. 654 (1788), is hudsonicus of Latham, 1. c.

+ I am informed by Sir Victor Brooke, that this specimen was
ascertained to have been shot in Shgo.

L

146 RARE VISITANTS.

One, Otley, Suffolk, Oct. 1832: Hoy, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1834,
p. 53%.

One, Somersetshire: Atkinson, Compend. Brit. Orn. 1834.

One, Poole Harbour, Dorsetshire, 22nd Nov. 1839: Yarrell,
Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. 11. p. 592.

One, Romney Marsh: Pemberton Bartlett, Zoologist, 1844,
p- 624. In the collection of Mr. Thornhill of Riddlesworth .
Stevenson, op. cit.

One, Poole Harbour, Dorsetshire, 1849: in the collection of
Mr. J. H. Gurney.

One, Market Weighton Common, Yorkshire, 1852: Yarrell,
op. cit. In the Museum of the Yorkshire Philosophical
Society at York.

One, Lydd, Kent, 5th May, 1856: Dennis, Zoologist, 1856,
p. 5160.

One, near Hartlepool, Aug. 1862: Christy Horsfall, Zoolo-
gist, 1862, p. 8196.

One, Otmoor, Nov. 1862: Gould, Birds of Great Britain.

One, Westacre, Norfolk, 19th May, 1867: Hamond, Ibis,
1867, p. 382 ; Stevenson, op. cit.

Fam. GRUID£.

DEMOISELLE CRANE. Grus virgo (Linneus).
Hab. South-eastern Europe; Southern Asia; North Africa.

Two seen, one shot, Deerness, Orkney, 14th May 1863:
Saxby, Zoologist, 1863, p. 8692.

BALEARIC CRANE. Grus pavonina (Linneus).
Hab. North and West Africa.

One, Dalry, Ayrshire, 17th Sept. 1871: R. Gray, Ibis, 1872,
p- 201. In the collection of Mr. Christy Horsfall.

* This, no doubt, is the specimen referred to by Mr. Stevenson
(op. czt.), as having been killed at Grundisburgh, Suffolk, in 1832.

HERONS. 147

Fam. ARDEID &.

GREAT WHITE HERON. Ardea alba, Linneus.
Hab. South-eastern Europe ; India; North Africa.

One or more seen in England, about 1678: Willughby,
Ornithology, p. 279, pl. 49.

One, Cumberland, “ some years since” (1824) : Latham, Gen.
Hist. Birds, vol. ix. p. 84.

One seen near Aveton Giffard, on the Avon, Devon, autumn
1805: Montagu, Orn. Dict.

One, Loch of Strathbeg, spring 1816: Edward, Naturalist,
1854, p. 243.

One on the Isis, Oxfordshire, Sept. 1833: Yarrell, Hist. Brit.
Birds, i. p. 551.

Two seen, rivers Stour and Orwell, Oct. 1834: Shepherd and
Whitear, Cat. Norfolk and Suffolk Birds; Trans. Linn.
Soc. vol. xv. p. 40*.

Two seen, coast of Banff, about 1834: Edward, Zoologist,
1860, p. 6847.

One, Hornsea Mere, Yorkshire, winter 1821: Strickland,
Report Brit. Association, 1838, p. 106; Holme, Zoologist,
1856, p. 5035. In the collection of the late Mr. Strickland.

One near Beverley, Yorkshire, about 1836: Strickland, /. c.

One near Osberton: Strickland, 7. c. In the collection of
Mr. Foljambe.

One, Lincolnshire: Yarrell, op. cit.

One, Tyninghame, Firth of Forth, June 1840+: Yarrell, op.
cit.; Turnbull, Birds of East Lothian, p. 4:2.

* These may have been the same bird seen twice.

+ This specimen was examined in the flesh by Maegillivray, who
has figured the head in his ‘ Hist. Brit. Birds,’ vol. iv. p. 460, under
the name of Eqretta mgrirostres.

2)

LZ

148 RARE VISITANTS.

One seen, Romney Marsh, Kent: Pemberton Bartlett, Zoolo-
gist, 1844, p. 624:

One, Thorney Fen, Cambridgeshire, June 1849: Foster,
Zoologist, 1849, p. 2568, In the collection of Dr. Strong
of Peterborough.

One, Buttermere, Cumberland: Robson, List Birds West
Cumberland, Zoologist, 1854, p. 4169.

One seen near Penzance, 4th Feb. 1866: Bullmore, Cornish
Fauna, p. 27.

LITTLE EGRET. Ardea garzetta, Linneus.
Hab. South-eastern Europe and Africa.

One, Cork Harbour, 1792: Templeton, Cat. Vert. An. Irel. ;
Thompson, Nat. Hist. Irel. (Birds), vol. 11. p. 157.

One, Anglesea: Pennant, Brit. Zool. vol. 1. p. 21.

One, Flatoars, on the Dart, Devonshire, 1816: Rowe’s List
Birds Devon, p. 36.

One, Christchurch, Hants, July 1822: Yarrell, Hist. Brit.
Birds, vol. 11. p. 554; Wise, New Forest, p. 316; Gurney,
Zoologist, 1869, p. 1512.

One, Hale, Hants: Wise, op. cit.; Gurney, l. c.

Two, Cornwall, about 1825: Couch, Cornish Fauna, i. p. 22.

One, co. Kerry: Harvey, Fauna and Flora of Cork, p. 12.

One near Norwich, 1834 or 1835: Stevenson, Birds of Nor-
folk, vol. 11. p. 150.

One, Yarmouth: Stevenson, op. cit.

One, Sutton Coal-field, Warwickshire: Christy, Mag. Nat.
Hist. 1836, p. 647. :

One, Inchbroome, Morayshire: Rev. G. Gordon, Fauna of
Moray, Zoologist, 1844, p. 513.

One, Countess Weir, on the Exe, May 1870*: Gatcombe,
Zoologist, 1870, p. 2308.

* JT examined this specimen at Exeter, 22nd Sept. 1870.

HERONS. 149

SQUACCO HERON. Ardea comata, Pallas.
Hab. South-western Asia; Egypt; Nubia.

One, Boyton, Wilts, 1778: Latham, Gen. Hist. Birds, vol. ix.
p. 110.

One, Ormsby Broad, Norfolk, Dec. 1820: Latham, op. cit. ;
Paget, Sketch Nat. Hist. Yarmouth, p. 7; Dowell, Zoolo-
gist, 1843, p. 78%.

One, Oulton, near Yarmouth, May 1831: Selby, Ill. Brit.
Orne vol. 11; p: 26.

One, Christchurch Harbour, Hants, 1832: Eyton, Rarer
Brit. Birds, p. 100; Wise, New Forest, p. 316.

One, Ormsby Broad, Norfolk, 12th June 1834: Stevenson,
Birds of Norfolk, vol. 11. p. 152.

One, Lake Lothing, near Lowestoft, June 1834: Stevenson,
op. cit.

One, Flixton, near Bungay, Suffolk: Stevenson, op. cit.

One near Kingsbridge, Devon, July 1840: Yarrell, Hist.
Brit. Birds, vol. i. p. 562.

One, Penzance, April 1843: Rodd, Zoologist, 1843, p. 190.

One, St. Michael’s Carhayes, Cornwall, April 1845: Rodd,
Zoologist, 1865, p. 9617.

One, Kirkoswald, Cumberland, July 1845: Yarrell, op. cit.

One, Lands End, May 1847: Rodd, Zoologist, 1867, p. 830.

Three, Penzance, 1849: Rodd, Zoologist, 1849, p. 2498.

One on the Glasgow Canal, near Stockton, 9th Oct. 1852:
Martin, Naturalist, 1853, p. 61.

One, Wareham, Dorsetshire, 5th May, 1855: Gurney, Zoolo-
gist, 1869, p. 1511.

* This bird was caught in a fisherman’s net which was hanging
out to dry. Latham, who notes this circumstance (op. cit.), gives
the date 20th July, 1822; while in Sir W. Hooker’s MS. the same
fact is referred to as having occurred on the 11th July, 1820. Mr.
Stevenson has reason to believe that Dec. 1820 is the correct date
(cf. Birds of Norfolk, vol. ii. p. 152).

150 RARE VISITANTS.

One, St. Helens, Isle of Wight, 19th May, 1858: More,
Zoologist, 1860, p. 6855. In the collection of Mr. Borrer.

One, Redruth, Cornwall, 1862 : Rodd, Zoologist, 1862, p. 8035.

One, Surlingham Broad, Norfolk, 26th June, 1863: Steven-
son, Birds of Norfolk, vol. ii. p. 153.

One, Bockleton, Shropshire, ‘some years ago:” Rocke,
Zoologist, 1866, p. 81.

One, Fryers Mayne, Dorchester, 15th May, 1867: Grant, The
Field, 25th May 1867.

One, Wyke Regis, Dorsetshire, lst July, 1867: Thompson,
Zoologist, 1867, p. 915*.

BUFF-BACKED HERON. Ardea russata, Wagler.
Hab. Southern Europe and Africa.

One, Kingsbridge, Devon, Oct. 1805: Montagu, Trans. Linn.
Soc. vol. ix. p. 197; Orn. Dict. Suppl. 1813.

One, Martham, near Yarmouth, 1827: Stevenson, Birds of
Norfolk, vol. 11. p. 151.

One, South Devon, April 1851: Cleveland, Zoologist, 1851,
p- 3116.

AMERICAN BITTERN. Sotaurus lentiginosus (Mont. )*.
Hab. North America.

One, Piddletown, Dorsetshire, autumn 1804: Montagu, Orn.
Dict. Type in British Museum.

* Tn addition to the instances above mentioned, Mr. Rocke re-
ported his possession of one (Zool. 1865, p. 9419) which was said
to have been killed near Yarmouth on the 7th July, 1864; but, from
inquiries made, Mr. Stevenson is convinced that it was not procured
anywhere in the county of Norfolk. See his ‘ Birds of Norfolk,’
vol. 11. p. 153.

+ Ardea lentiginosa, Montagu, Orn. Dict. Suppl. (1813). Ardea
minor, Wilson, Am. Orn. vol. viii. p. 35, pl. Ixv. (1814). I have
compared the type of Montagu’s lentiginosa with specimens of minor

HERONS. 151

One, Mothecombe, near Plymouth, 22nd Dec. 1829: Moore,
Cat. Birds Devon, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1837, p. 320*.

One, Christchurch, Hants, 1836 : Thompson, Nat. Hist. Irel.
(Birds), vol. 1. p. 172. This is Nycticorax griseus, young.

One, Isle of Man, 1836: Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. ii.
p. 578. Doubtful.

One, Dumfriesshire, Oct. 1844: Yarrell, op. cit. ; Thompson,
op. cit. In the collection of Sir William Jardine.

One near Armagh, 12th Nov. 1845: Thompson, Ann. Nat.
Hist. vol. xvii. 1846; Nat. Hist. Irel. (Birds), vol. ii.
p- 168. In the Belfast Museum.

One, Fleetwood, Lancashire, 8th Dec. 1845: Cooper, Zoo-
logist, 1846, p. 1248. In Mus. Lit. and Phil. Soe.
Preston. Clearly identified by Mr. Cooper, J. c.

One near Yarmouth: Gurney and Fisher, Zoologist, 1848,
p. 1965. Doubtful. Cf. Stevenson, Birds of Norfolk,
vol. 1. p. 174.

One, Anglesea, Dec. 1851: Gurney, Zoologist, 1866, p. 145.
Examined in the flesh.

One, Links of Balgownie, Bridge of Don, Aberdeenshire, Nov.
1854: Gray, Birds of the West of Scotland, p. 280. In
the Aberdeen University Museum.

One, Latheron-wheel, Caithness, autumn 1862: R. Gray,
op. cit, In Mus. Roy. Phys. Soe. Edinburgh ?

from North America, and find them to be in every respect iden-
tical. Bonaparte was mistaken in supposing them to be distinct
(Geogr. & Comp. List, 1838, p. 48). As distinguished from the
European stellaris the American species is much smaller in size,
with smaller and more slender legs and feet, and invariably has the
primaries of a uniform leaden-brown colour, while in stellaris the
same feathers are broadly barred across both webs with buff. This
last peculiarity will at all times serve to distinguish the species.

* This specimen cannot now be found, Dr. Moore’s collection
having been sold and dispersed ; but the owner referred to it, /. ¢., as
a specimen “ exactly corresponding with Montagu’s description.”

152 RARE VISITANTS.

One, Pentland Hills, Mid Lothian, about 1861: The Field,
4th March, 1871. In the collection of Mr. Cowan, of
Logan House.

One near Canterbury : J. H. Gurney, Zoologist, 1866, p. 145.
Identified by Mr. Gurney.

One, Pevensey Marshes, Sussex, 26th Nov. 1867: Dutton,
Zoologist, 1868, p. 1098. In the collection of Sir John
Crewe.

One near Dundalk, co. Louth, 18th Noy. 1868: Lord Cler-
mont, Zoologist, 1869, p. 1517. In the Belfast Museum.
One, Guernsey, 27th Oct. 1870: Harting, The Field, 14th
Jan. 1871. C. Smith, Zoologist, 1871, p. 2642. In the

collection of Mr. Cecil Smith.

One, Woodhill, near Liskeard, Cornwall, 4th Dec. 1870:
Harris, The Field, /.c.. This proved to be stellaris.

One, Cahir, co. Galway, 3lst Oct. 1870: Blake Knox, Zoolo-
gist, 1870, p. 2408. In the possession of Mr. Fennell, of
Garyroan.

Fam. RALLID &.

CAROLINA CRAKE. Crex carolina (Linneeus).
Hab. North America.

One on the Kennet, near Newbury, Berks, Oct. 1864: New-
ton, P. Z.S. 1865, p.196; Eyre, Zoologist, 1865, p. 9540 ;
Clark Kennedy, Birds of Berks and Bucks, p. 196.

Obs. Audubon gives two instances of this species
having been met with at sea; and as a proof that the
short-winged Rallide are not incapable of sustained
flight, it may be noted that during the voyage of the
steamship ‘ Nova Scotia’ from Liverpool to Quebec,
in October 1865, when in lat. 26° 28’ N., long.

CRAKE. La3

23° 24' W., more than 500 miles from the coast of
Treland, a Virginian Rail, Rallus virginianus, came
on deck and was captured. Both this and the last-
named species visit the Bermudas annually, although
this group of islands is distant from Cape Hatteras,
the nearest point of the North-American coast, about
600 miles!

The well-known Corn Crake, too, is a summer visi-
tant to Greenland, has been met with on several oc-
casions on the eastern coast of the United States, and
has also been procured in Bermuda.

Two instances are on record of the occurrence in
Great Britain of the Purple Gallinule, Porphyrio
hyacinthinus, in a quasi-wild state; but these had
doubtless escaped from some ornamental water.

Order V. NATATORES.

Fam. ANATID &.

POLISH SWAN. Cygnus immutabilis, Yarrell.

Hab. Uncertain; but presumably the countries bordering
the Baltic.

In January 1838 flocks of this species were seen
pursuing a southern course along the line of our
north-eastern shores, from Scotland to the mouth of
the Thames, and several specimens were shot (Yar-
rell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. iii. p. 231).

154 RARE VISITANTS.

Four were shot on the Medway, where a flock of thirty and
several smaller flocks were seen: Yarrell, op. cit.

One, Cambridgeshire: in the Wisbeach Museum.

Three out of a flock of thirteen, Ingoldisthorpe, Norfolk, Dec.
1851: Southwell, Naturalist, 1852, p. 170.

One on the Thames near Clewer Mill, winter 1854-55:
Clark Kennedy, Birds of Berks and Bucks, p. 204.

Two, Horsey Mere, 2nd March, 1855: Fredericks, Zoologist,
1855, p. 4661.

One, Hartlepool: J. H. Gurney, jun., MS.

One in Leadenhall Market, Feb. 1861: Harting, Birds of
Middlesex, p. 223.

Two, Leadenhall Market, 3rd May, 1871: J. H. Gurney, MS.

Obs. The claim of this bird to rank as a species is
not universally admitted by ornithologists. But the
fact of the cygnets being white from the time they
leave the egg, and the colour of the legs of young and
old being grey instead of black, favour the view that
it is specifically distinct from Cygnus olor.

AMERICAN SWAN. Cygnus americanus, Sharpless*.
Hab. North America.

In February 1841, Macgillivray obtained from a
poulterer in Edinburgh a specimen of this Swan, shot
in the south of Scotland, which he at first mistook
for Bewick’s Swan; but on dissecting it he found dif-
ferences indicative of a distinct species; and on com-
paring its sternum, windpipe, and digestive organs

* Cygnus americanus, Sharpless, Doughty’s Cab. Nat. Hist. 1.

p. 185, pl. xvi. (1830). Cygnus bewickit, Swainson, Faun. Bor.-
Amer. ii. p. 224 (18381).

SWANS. 155

with those of Cygnus americanus, he found it to belong
to that species. Macgillivray, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. iv.
p. 682; Manual of British Birds (Water Birds),
p. 158.

TRUMPETER SWAN. Cygnus buccinator, Richardson.
Hab. North America.

Five seen, four shot, near Aldeburgh, Suffolk, 27th Oct. 1866:
Hele, Notes about Aldeburgh, p. 147.

Obs. These birds were described by Mr. Hele (J. c.)
under the head of ‘“ Swan, species incerta;” but Mr.
J. H. Gurney, writing to me from Aldeburgh, under
date 26th Sept. 1871, says:—‘ Since staying here I
have seen Mr. Hele’s ‘Swan, species incerta, p. 147
of his Aldeburgh Notes, and believe it to be really an
American Trumpeter Swan, giving that species a, title
to be considered an accidental visitor to this country.”

CASSIN’S SNOW GOOSE. Anser albatus, Cassin *.
Hab. North America.

Two out of a flock, Wexford Harbour, Nov. 1871: Howard
Saunders, Proc. Zool. Soe. March 1872.
Obs. As to the propriety of separating this species

from Anser cerulescens, Linn. (A. hyperboreus, Pall.),
see Baird, Birds N. America, p. 760.

* Anser cerulescens, Linnzeus, Syst. Nat. i. p. 198 (1766). A.
hyperboreus, Pallas, Spic. Zool. vi. p.80(1767). A. albatus, Cassin,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1856, p. 41.

156 RARE VISITANTS.

RED-BREASTED GOOSE. Anser ruficollis, Pallas.
Hab. Northern Asia and Siberia.

One near London, winter 1766*: Montagu (fide Latham),
Orn. Dict.

One near Wycliffe, Yorkshire, about the same time: Bewick,
Brit. Birds, vol. 1. p. 280; Selby, Ill. Brit. Orn. vol. 11.
p. 276.

One, Halvergate, Norfolk, 1805: Stacey, Hist. Norf. vol. i.
p- lxii; Sheppard and Whitear, Cat. Norfolk and Suffolk
Birds, p. 55.’

One or more, Cambridgeshire, winter 1813: Stephens, Shaw’s
Zoology, vol. xii. p. 53, pl. 43.

One near Berwick-on-Tweed, 1818: Fleming, Hist. Brit. An.
p. 128.

One, Kenton Warren, Devonshire, 1828: Moore, Cat. Birds
Devon, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1837, p. 360.

One, Ireland, prior to March 1833: Thompson, Nat. Hist.
Trel. (Birds), vol. 11. p. 64.

One, Teign Marshes, Devon, Ist Feb. 1837: Moore, J. c.

Two seen on the Tees, Durham, “of late” (1845): Hogg,
Cat. Birds 8.E. Durhan, p. 31.

One shot in Cowpen Marsh, Durham, about the same time:
Hogg, J. ¢.

One seen, Loch Strathbeg, “‘some years ago” (1852): Mac-
gillivray, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. iv. p. 636.

One, Maldon, Essex, 6th Jan. 1871: Poole, The Field,
21st Jan. 1871; Harting, Zoologist, 1871, p. 2513. I
purchased this bird a few days after it was shot. It is
now in the collection of Mr. Marshall, of Taunton.

Obs. In addition to the above-mentioned occur-
rences, the Red-breasted Goose is included in the

* According to Fox (Synops. Newcastle Mus.), this date should
be 1776.

GEESE. 157

following local catalogues, although without any par-
ticulars:—Couch, Cornish Fauna, p. 24; Rodd, in
Guide Book to Cornwall, p. 129; Somerset, Archeeol.
Proc. p. 146; Osborne & Shearer’s Birds of Caithness,
in Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. vol. ii, p. 340; Wilson,
Voyage round Scotland, vol. ii. p. 180.

SPUR-WINGED GOOSE. Plectropterus gambensis
(Linnzus).
Hab. Western and Southern Africa.
One, St. Germains, Cornwall, June 1821: Bewick, Brit.
Birds, vol. ii. p. 313, figure.
One near Banff, Feb. 1855: Naturalist, 1855, p. 181;

Edward, Zoologist, 1860, p. 6968 ; Gray, Birds of West of
Scotland, p. 353.

One, Boveney Weir, Berks, winter 1858-59: Clark Kennedy,
Birds of Berks and Bucks, p. 201.
One, Upavon, Wilts, 4th Sept. 1869: Dr. Moses, Science

Gossip, March 1870.

Obs. The distinctness of this species from P. riip-
pelli of Sclater, about which some doubt has been ex-
pressed (cf. Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas), has been satis-
factorily established by Mr. Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1859,
p. 131, and 1860, p. 38. An excellent coloured plate
by Wolf, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 131, shows both species in
juxtaposition.

RUDDY SHELDRAKE. Tadorna rutila (Pallas).
Hab. Kastern Europe and Asia.

One near Blandford, Dorset, winter 1776: Fox, Synops.
Newcastle Museum. In the Newcastle Museum.

158 RARE VISITANTS.

One, south of England: Selby, Ill. Brit. Orn. vol. 11. p. 294.
In the collection of the late Mr. Selby.

One, Sanday, Orkney, October 1831: Baikie and Heddle,
Hist. Nat. Orcadensis, p. 74; Macgillivray, Hist. Brit.
Birds, vol. v. p. 21.

One, Caithness: Wilson’s ‘ Voyage round Scotland,’ vol. ii.
p. 180; Shearer and Osborne, Birds of Caithness, in Proc.
Roy. Soc. Edinb. vol. ii. p. 340; Gray, Birds of West of
Scotland, p. 362. In the collection of Mr. Sinclair, of
Wick.

One, Iken, near Orford, Suffolk, Jan. 1834: Mag. Nat. Hist.
1834, vol. vii. p. 151; Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. in.
p. 236. In the possession of Mr. Manning, of Wood-
bridge.

One on the Murrough of Wicklow, 7th July, 1847: Thomp-
son, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. xx. p. 171; Nat. Hist. Ireland
(Birds), vol. i. p. 65. In the collection of Mr. Warren.

One seen near Blackstakes, Suffolk, 1864, in company with
Common Sheldrakes: Hele, Notes about Aldeburgh,
p. 150.

One said to have been taken in a decoy on the Trent, near
Epworth: Hudson, Zoologist, 1864, pp. 9046, 9290. But
shown to have been a mistake: Newton, tom. cit. p. 9363.

One near Tralee, co. Kerry, 17th Aug. 1869: Blake Knox,
Zoologist, 1870, p. 2105.

Obs. Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., informs me that this
species has twice been killed in Norfolk, but that on
each occasion the bird was found to have escaped
from semi-domestication. It is highly probable that
this has been the case with other specimens, which, on
being found at large, were supposed, in consequence,
to have been truly wild.

DUCKS. 159

AMERICAN WIGEON. Anas americana, Gmelin.
Hab. North America.

One, Leadenhall Market, winter 1837-38: Blyth, Naturalist,
vol. iii. p. 417; Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. 111. p. 298 ;
Gurney, Zoologist, 1864, p. 9024.

One, Burn of Boyndie, Banffshire, Jan. 1841: Edward,
Zoologist, 1860, p. 6970.

One, Strangford Lough, Feb. 1844: Thompson, Nat. Hist.
Trel. (Birds), vol. i. p. 112.

Others, Belfast Bay : Thompson, op. cit.

One, Essex coast, Jan. 1864: Carter, Zoologist, 1864,
p. 8962.

One on the Taw, near Barnstaple, 20th April 1870: Mathew,
Zoologist, 1870, p. 2182.

RED-CRESTED DUCK. Fuligula rufina (Pallas).
Hab. South-eastern Europe, North Africa, and Asia.

One, Breydon Harbour, Norfolk, July 1818: Hunt, Brit.
Orn. vol. i. p. 333, fig.

Two, same harbour, winter 1826: Hunt, in Stacey’s Norfolk,
vol. i. p. Ixi.

One, Boston, Lincolnshire, Jan. 1826: Yarrell, Zool. Journ.
vol. ii. p. 492.

Several in Leadenhall Market, the same winter: Bartlett,
Naturalist, vol. 11. p. 420.

One, Surlingham, Dec. 1827: Hunt, J. c.

One, Horsea Mere, Norfolk, 12th Jan. 1844: Gurney, Zoo-
logist, 1844, p. 576.

One, Swanpool, Cornwall, Feb. 1845: Bullmore, Cornish
Fauna, p. 37.

One out of eighteen, on the Thames, near Erith: Yarrell,
Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. 11. p. 330.

One, Milford Haven: G. R. Gray, Cat. Brit. Birds in Brit.
Mus. p. 198. In the British Museum.

160 RARE VISITANTS.

One, “ Great Britain, from Mr. Turner’s collection :” G. R.
Gray, /.c. In the British Museum.

One, Boston, Lincolnshire, 1854: Newman, Zoologist,
1854, p. 4166; Yarrell, op. cit. ;

One, Colchester, Essex: Yarrell, op. cit.

One, Craiguish, Jan. 1862: Gray, Birds of West of Scotland,
p- 388. In the collection of Capt. Orde, of Kilmory.

One, Braunton, North Devon, 24th Dec. 1867: Mathew,
Zoologist, 1868, p. 1098.

One, Hickling Broad, Norfolk, Feb. 1868 : Stevenson, Zoo-
logist, 1868, p. 1128.

One, Stackpole, Pembrokeshire: Dix, Zoologist, 1869,
p. 1678.

HARLEQUIN DUCK. SHistrionicus torguatus, Bonap.
Hab. Northern Asia and America; accidentally in Europe.

A pair, Scotland: Montagu, Orn. Dict.; Sowerby, Brit.
Miscell. (1806) p. 11, pl. 6.

One, Orkney: Sowerby, 7. c.; Baikie and Heddle, Hist. Nat.
Orcadensis, p. 81.

One, Devonshire, winter 1830: Moore, Cat. Birds Devon.

One, Yarmouth: Paget, Sketch Nat. Hist. Yarmouth, p. 12.

One, Cheshire, Dec. 1840: Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. 11.
p- 366.

One, Caithness, prior to March 1841: Gray, Birds of West
of Scotland, p. 394.

Two, Torquay, winter 1846: Battersby, Zoologist, 1847,
p- 1697; Yarrell, op. cit. Proved to be the young of the
Long-tailed Duck: A. Newton, Ibis, 1859, p. 165.

One, Banffshire, autumn 1851: E. Newton, Zoologist, 1852,
p. 3331. Also proved to be a Long-tailed Duck: A.
Newton, /. c.

One, Loch of Strathbeg, ‘a few winters since:”? Edward,
Naturalist, 1854, p. 242.

DUCKS. 161

One near Coleshill, Warwickshire, 7th April, 1857: Foggit,
Naturalist, 1857, p. 163. Proved to be a female Scaup :
Buckley, Naturalist, 1858, p. 124; A. Newton, J. c.

One, Aberdeenshire, 1858: R. Gray, op. cit. p. 394.

BUFFEL-HEADED DUCK. Clangula albeola (Linnzus).
Hab. North America.

One near Yarmouth, winter 1830: Paget, Sketch Nat. Hist.
Yarmouth, p. 11; Lubbock, Fauna of Norfolk, p. 119;
Degland and Gerbe, Orn. Europ. u. p. 547. Formerly in
the collection of the late Mr. Miller, now in the collection
of Mr. Rising of Horsey, near Yarmouth.

One in the Margate Museum, said to have been obtained in
Orkney in the autumn of 1841 (Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds,
vol. iil. p. 379), but the statement since found to be a
mistake. The Curator of the Museum bought the skin
of R. Dunn, whose son informed Mr. J. H. Gurney, Jun.,
im a letter, that it had not been obtained in Great Britain
or even in Europe.

One, West Mud, near Devonport, winter 1841 : in the collec-
tion of Rev. W. Hore, of Barnstaple. When paying a visit
to Mr. Hore in September 1870, I had an opportunity of
seeing this bird and learning from the owner the above-
mentioned particulars.

One, Bessingly Beck, near Bridlington, winter 1864-65:
Cordeaux, Zoologist, 1865, p. 9659. The precise locality,
not mentioned in the Zoologist, /. ¢., was subsequently
communicated in a letter by Mr. Cordeaux.

One, in British Museum, labelled “ Norfolk” (Gray, Cat.
Brit. Birds in Brit. Mus. p. 226), the authenticity of which
is very doubtful.

One, Loch of Loriston, Aberdeenshire, January 1865: R.
Gray, Birds of West of Scotland, p. 396. In the pos-
session of Mr. Angus of Aberdeen.

M

162 RARE VISITANTS.

One, Loch of Strathbeg, “ many years ago:” R. Gray, /.c.
In the Banff Museum.

Obs. The Buffel-headed Duck is included by Dono-
van in his work on British Birds (vol. x. pl. 226); but
no authority is given for such insertion, nor is any
locality named.

SURF SCOTER. Mdemia perspicillata (Linneus).
Hab. Coasts of North America.

One, Musselburgh Bay, Firth of Forth, 1852: Martin, Natu-
ralist, 1853, p. 83; Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. i.
p- 3824; Turnbull, Birds of East Lothian, p. 45.

One seen, Rona’s Voe, Shetland*, June 1847: Dunn,
Zoologist, 1848, p. 2067 ; Gray, Birds of West of Scotland,
p-. 383.

One near Weymouth, Dorset, winter 1851: Yarrell, op. cit.

One between Weymouth and Purton, Dec. 1853: Thompson,
Zoologist, 1854, p. 4.255.

One, Aberdeen coast, Nov. 1855: Sir W. Jardine, MS. In
the collection of Mr. Hargitt, of Edinburgh.

* Tt is generally stated, on the authority of Fleming and Selby,
that this Duck frequents the islands of Orkney and Shetland ;
but, with the exception of the instances above quoted, there is
no evidence to support this statement. Selby apparently copied
from Fleming; and the latter merely observes (Hist. Brit. An.
p- 119), ‘it is stated by Temminck to have occurred in Orkney.”
Temminck’s words are, “rare et accidentellement dans les Orcades”’
(Man. d’Orn. p. 854). Messrs, Baikie and Heddle, in their ‘ Hist.
Nat. Orcadensis’ (1848), p. 79, state that ‘Surf Scoters appear in
small flocks in our sounds during winter. They generally arrive in
October, and have been observed till the end of March.” Mr. R.
Gray says this is an obvious mistake. Their remarks, no doubt,
apply to the Velvet Scoter.

DUCKS. 163

One, Crofton, Cumberland, Aug. 1856: Eyton, Rarer Brit.
Birds, p. 81, fig. In the collection of Mr. J. H. Gurney.

One, Gristhorpe, near Scarborough, 25th Oct. 1860: Bell,
Zoologist, 1860, p. 7274; 1861, p. 7385. Proved to be a
mistake.

One, Scilly, Sept. 1865: Rodd, Zoologist, 1865, p. 9794.

One received in the flesh by Mr. Bartlett for preservation,
locality not stated: Naturalist, vol. 1. p. 420.

One, Holm, near Stornoway, winter 1865: Gray, Birds of
West of Scotland, p. 383. In the collection of Sir James
Matheson.

One, Swanbister, Orkney, March 1866: Gray, op. cit.

One, Scilly, Oct. 1867: Rodd, Zoologist, 1867, p. 1017, and
1868, p. 1059.

KING DUCK. Somateria spectabilis (Linneus).

Hab. Northern Europe and America, but more especially
the Arctic Regions.

One, Breydon Harbour, Norfolk, 25th July, 1813: Yarrell,
Mist. Brit. Bids, vol. ui. p. 311.

One, Aldeburgh, Suffolk, 1827: Acton, Mag. Nat.Hist. vol. iv.
1831, p. 163; Jenyns, Brit. Vert. An. p. 238.

One, Orkney, Nov. 1832: Gould, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 189;
Baikie and Heddle, Hist. Nat. Orcadensis, p. 78.

One, Kingstown Harbour, Ist Oct. 1837: Thompson, Ann.
Nat. Hist. vol. v. p. 6; Nat. Hist. Irel. (Birds), vol. iii.
pe LLG.

One, Derrynane, co. Kerry, winter 1843: Thompson, op. cit.

Occasionally met with in Shetland: Edmonstone, Zoologist,
1844, p. 463 ; Crotch, Zoologist, 1861, p. 7343.

One, Tralee Bay, co. Kerry, winter 1845-46: Thompson,
op. cit.

One, Wensdale Voe, near Hoy, Shetland, 20th May, 1846:
Dunn, Zoologist, 1848, p. 2188.

M 2

164 RARE VISITANTS.

One, Bedlington, Northumberland, 1846: Duff, Zoologist,
1851, p. 3036.

One, Belfast Bay, 11th March, 1850: Thompson, op. cit.

One or more, Kyle of Tongue, Sutherland: St. John, Tour
in Sutherland, vol. i. p. 144.

One, Lowestoft, 7th Jan. 1854: Harper, Naturalist, 1854,
p- 165. It is doubtful whether this was not an Eider.

One scen in the Tyne estuary, winter 1847: Turnbull, Birds of
East Lothian, p. 45; Gray, Birds of West of Scotland, p.380.

One, Orkney, May 1868: Gray, op. cit. In the collection of
Mr. E. Hargitt.

One, Leadenhall Market, 17th Nov. 1870: Gurney, Zoolo-
gist, 1871, p. 2445. In the collection of Mr. J. H. Gurney.

Obs. Mr. Bullock assured Col. Montagu that he
had found this Duck breeding in Papa Westra, one
of the Orkney islands, towards the latter end of June.
In Baikie and Heddle’s ‘ Hist. Nat. Orcadensis ’
(1848) it is stated (p. 78) to be a rare occasional
visitant to Orkney.

STELLER’S WESTERN DUCK. WSomateria stelleri *
(Pallas).

Hab. Northern Europe; Northern and North-eastern
Asia; North-west America.
One, Caistor, near Yarmouth, 10th Feb. 1830: Paget, Sketch

of Nat. Hist. Yarmouth, p. 11; Yarrell, Mag. Nat. Hist.

vol. iv. p. 117; Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. in. p. 306. In the

Norwich Museum.

* Anas stelleri, Pallas, Spic. Zool. vi. p. 35, pl. 5 (1766). Anas
dispar, Sparrmann, Mus. Carls. t. 7, 8 (1786).

Originally described from specimens brought by Steller from
Kamtschatka, and called the Western Duck, from having been found
on the western coast of North America. According to Prof. Baird,

DUCKS. 165

One, Filey, Yorkshire, 15th Aug. 1845: Bell, Zoologist, 1846,
p- 1249; Yarrell, op. cit. In the collection of Mr. G. N.
Curzon.

HOODED MERGANSER. JZergus cucullatus, Linneus.
Hab. North America.

One, Yarmouth, winter 1829: Selby, Trans. Nat. Hist.
Northumb. vol.i. p. 292; id. Ill. Brit. Orn. vol. i. p. 883*;
Paget, Sketch of Nat. Hist. Yarmouth, p. 12. In the col-
lection of the late Mr. Selby.

One, Menai Straits, near Bangor, winter 1830-31: Eyton,
Hist. Rarer Brit. Birds, p. 75 and fig. In the collection
of Mr. Eyton.

One, Burton Park, Petworth, Sussex: Yarrell, Hist. Brit.
Birds, vol. ii. p. 887. In the collection of Mr. Biddulph.

One, Stoke Nayland, Suffolk: Yarrell, fide Hoy, op. cit.

One, Dingle Bay, co. Kerry, winter 1840: WN aouanhDsouy Nat-
Hist. Irel. (Birds), vol. i. p. 161.

One, co. Meath: Watters, Birds of [reland, p. 215.

One, Caithness, prior to 1841: Sinclair, Cat. Birds Caithness ;
Shearer and Osborne, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinb. 11.
p- 340; Gray, Birds of West of Scotland, p. 398.

however (Birds N. Amer. p. 802), the occurrence of this Duck in
North America is “a matter of much uncertainty,” no specimen
actually taken in North America having come ta his knowledge.
Nevertheless he adds :—‘“ It appears to inhabit North-eastern Asia,
especially Kamtschatka and the Kurile Islands, and to extend thence
into Northern and Western Europe. It doubtless visits the north-
west coast of America, where it is said by Bonaparte to be abundant ;
with what foundation I do not know.” In the ‘ Ibis,’ 1872, p. —,
Mr. J. H. Gurney notices the fact of a pair having been obtained on
Flaxman’s Island on the western aretic coast of North America.

* Mr. Selby adds (J. c.): —“Since this capture I have been informed
that more instances have occurred, all apparently females or young
males in the garb of that sex.”

166 RARE VISITANTS.

A pair near Leeds: Gould, Birds of Great Britain.

One, Somersetshire: Baker, Somerset. Archzeol. Proc. p. 146.

Three seen, Firth of Forth, 5th May, 1853; Colquhoun,
Sporting Days, pp. 20, 21; The Ibis,:1867, p. 239; Gray,
Birds of West of Scotland, p. 399.

Two, Sheerness, March 1870: Mathew, Zoologist, 1870,
p. 2182.

Fam. ALCID SZ.

BRUNNICH’S GUILLEMOT. Uria arra (Pallas)*.
Hab. Northern Europe, Asia, and America.

One or more, coast of Kerry, July 1833: Sabine, in Ains-
worth’s Descr. Caves of Ballybunian, Kerry; Thompson,
Nat. Hist. Irel. (Birds), vol. 11. p. 213.

One, Youghal, Ist Feb. 1850: Thompson, op. cit.

One, Caithness: Wilson, Voyage round Scotland and the
Isles, vol. i. p. 179; Gray, Birds of West of Scotland,
p- 422. In the collection of Mr. Sinclair.

Several, Unst, Shetland: Macgillivray (fide Sir J. Ross),
Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. v. p. 316; Baikie and Heddle,
Hist. Nat. Orcadensis, p. 86; Crotch, Zoologist, 1861,
p- 7343F.

Several, Orkney: Macgillivray, op. cit.; Baikie and Heddle,
op. cit.; R. Gray, op. cit.

One, Sutherlandshire: Sir W. Milner, List of Birds of Suther-
landshire: A. G. More, Ibis, 1865, p. 449.

* Cepphus arra, Pallas, Zoograph. Rosso-Asiat. 1. p. 847 (1811),
Uria briinnichiz, Sabine, Trans. Linn. Soe. xii. p. 538 (1818).

+ In a list of the birds of Shetland (Zoologist, 1861, p. 7343),
Mr. Crotch includes Briinnich’s Guillemot as ‘ permanent.” At
p. 7707 of the same volume, however, he says :-—“ Briimnnich’s Guil-
lemot we could never see or hear of.”

TERNS. 167

One or more, with the eggs, St. Kilda, 15th June, 1847: Sir
W. Milner, Zoologist, 1848, p. 2061.

One, coast of Banffshire: Edward, Zoologist, 1860, p. 6971.

One or more, Farne Islands: Zoologist, 1852, p. 3479.

One, Freshwater, Isle of Wight, 7th Feb. 1860: More in
Venable’s Guide to I. of Wight, p. 434.

One, Rosemullion Head, Cornwall: Bullmore, Cornish Fauna,
Deo:

One, Dublin Coast: Blake Knox, Zoologist, 1871, p. 2609.

Fam. LARID &.

CASPIAN TERN. Sterna caspia, Pallas.
Hab. Europe, Western Asia, North Africa.

One, Yarmouth, Oct. 1825: Paget, Sketch Nat. Hist. Yar-
mouth, p. 12.

One near Caistor, Norfolk: Paget, op. cit. In the Norwich
Museum.

Three or four seen, one shot, near Aldeburgh, Suffolk: Jenyns,
Brit. Vert. An. p. 265. In the Cambridge Museum.

One, Norfolk coast, 1839: Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. 11.
p. 498.

One, Breydon Harbour, Yarmouth, 9th June 1849: Burton,
Zoologist, 1849, p. 2499; Smith, tom. cit. p. 2529; Yarrell,
op. cit.

One, same harbour, June 1850. In the “ Dennis Collection,”
in the Museum at Bury St. Edmunds.

One, same harbour, 16th July, 1850: Gurney, Zoologist,
1850, p. 2915. Two or three others seen.

One, Norfolk coast, 14th August, 1851: Gurney, Zoologist,
1851, p. 8235; Yarrell, op. cit.; Harper, Naturalist, 1852,
p. 128.

168 RARE VISITANTS.

One, Caythorpe, Lincolnshire, 17th May, 1853: Footit,
Zoologist, 1853, p. 8946; Yarrell, op. cit.

One near Yarmouth, May 1862: Stevenson, Zoologist, 1862,
p-. 8093.

One, Christchurch, Hants: Wise, New Forest, p. 317;
Gurney, Zoologist, 1869, p. 1512.

SWIFT TERN. Sterna velox, Riippell.
Hab. North-western, Northern, and North-eastern Africa.

One between Dublin and Howth, Dee. 1846.

Two seen same time: Thompson, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. xx.
p- 170; Zoologist, 1847, p. 1878; Nat. Hist. Irel. (Birds),
vol. ii. p. 266; Blake Knox, Zoologist, 1866, p. 305.

Obs. This species appears to have been accidentally
omitted from the last (8rd) edition of Yarrell’s
‘History of British Birds, since it was recorded to
have been procured in Ireland long before that edition
was published. Some interesting remarks on its
habits, nesting, &c. may be found in ‘ The Ibis,’ 1860,
p. 127, and 1864, p. 337.

WHISKERED TERN. Sterna hybrida, Pallas.
Hab. Southern Europe, India, and North Africa.

One, Lyme Regis, Dorsetshire, August 1836: Yarrell, Hist.
Brits Birds, vol. ai... 517%.

One, Dublin Bay, Sept. 1839: Thompson, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. vol. xx. p.170; Zoologist, 1847, p. 1878; Nat. Hist.
Trel. (Birds), vol. i. p. 298; Blake Knox, Zoologist, 1866,
p- 306.

* Mr. Yarrell says (J. c.), ‘‘ five examples have occurred in Britain
in the last six or seven years;” but he only gives particulars of
one.

TERNS. 169

One, Hickling Broad, Norfolk, 17th June, 1847: Gurney and
Fisher, Zoologist, 1847, p. 1820.

One near Trescoe Abbey, Cornwall, August 1851: Rodd,
Zoologist, 1851, p. 3280.

One near Plymouth, May 1865: Gatcombe, Zoologist, 1865,
p-. 9629.

Obs. Some interesting particulars with regard to
the nidification of this species as observed in India
by Mr. A. Anderson will be found in ‘ The Ibis, 1872,
pp. 81-83.

WHITE-WINGED BLACK TERN. Sterna leucoptera,
Meisner and Schinz.

Hab. Africa.

One on the Shannon, 1841: M‘Coy, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. xv.
p- 271. In the Dublin Museum. Thompson says (Nat.
Hist. Irel. Birds, vol. iii. p. 307) that this bird was shot by
Mr. John Hill, not on the Shannon, but on the Liffey, near
the Pigeon-house Fort, Dublin Bay, in October 1841.

One, Dublin Bay: Thompson, op. cit.; Blake Knox, Zoolo-
gist, 1866, p. 306.

One, Horsey Mere, Norfolk, 17th May, 1853: Frederick,
Zoologist, 1853, p. 3911.

Two, Coventry, June 1857: Gould, Birds of Great Britain.

One, Hickling Broad, Norfolk, 27th June, 1867: Stevenson,
Zoologist, 1867, p. 951.

One, Ilfracombe Harbour, 2nd or 38rd Nov. 1870: H. Saunders,
MS. In the collection of Mr. Westlake, of Ilfracombe.
Four, Breydon Harbour, Yarmouth, 26th May, 1871: Ste-

venson, Zoologist, 1871, p. 2830.

SOOTY TERN. Sterna fuliginosa, Gmelin.
Hab. West-India Islands, Central America, South-Sea

170 RARE VISITANTS.

Islands, and Australia. Also Ascension Island, where it
breeds in some numbers *.

One, Tutbury, near Burton-on-Trent, 1853: Brown, Zoolo-
gist, 1853, p. 3755; Sir Oswald Moseley, Nat. Hist. Tut-
bury, p. 110. In the collection of Mr. H. W. Desveeux.

One on the Thames, near Wallingford, Berks, 21st June,
1869: Harting, The Field, 26th June, 1869; Zoologist,
1869, p. 1867. In the possession of Mr. Franklyn. This
bird was brought to me for examination shortly after it
was killed, and before it was skinned.

One on the estuary of the Axe, near Axminster: Rev. J. B.
Selwood, The Field, 17th July, 1869. It is doubtful
whether this may not have been Sterna fissipes. The
death of Mr. Selwood has unfortunately prevented a solu-
tion of the doubt.

NODDY TERN. Sterna stolida, Linneus.

Hab. Central America, West-India Islands, South-Sea
Islands, and Australia.

Two between Wexford and Dublin: Thompson, Trans. Linn.

Soc. 1835; Nat. Hist. Irvel. (Birds), vol. i. p. 308.

One, co. Dublin: Blake Knox, Zoologist, 1866, p. 306.

Obs. This species has been recorded as “a summer
visitant to St. George’s Channel” (cf. Austin, Ann.
Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. 435); but doubtless Sterna
Jissipes is the species intended.

GULL-BILLED TERN. Sterna anglica, Montagu.
Hab. Europe, North Africa, and America.
One, Sussex: Montagu, Orn. Dict. Suppl. 1813+. Type in
Col. Montagu’s collection in the British Museum.
* For a description of this breeding-place, cf. Sperling, ‘ Ibis,’
1868, pp. 286-288.
7 ‘ Others have been killed about Rye ” (Montagu, /. ¢.).

GULLS. dig gi

One, Kent, June 1839: Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. ii.
p- 521. .

One near Leeds: Yarrell, op. cit.

One, Breydon Harbour, Yarmouth, 14th April, 1849. In the
“ Dennis Collection,” in the Museum, Bury St. Edmunds.

Three, Yarmouth, July and Sept. 1849: Gurney, Zoologist,
1849, pp. 2569, 2592.

One, Yarmouth, 24th May, 1850: Gurney, Zoologist, 1850,
p- 2854.

One, Yarmouth, July 1851: Gurney, Zoologist, 1851,
p. 3235.

One, Norfolk, particulars forgotten. In the Wisbeach Museum.

One, Rye Harbour, Sussex: Knox, Orn. Rambles in Sussex,
p- 253.

One, Selsea, Sussex, 3lst March, 1852: Knox, op. cit.

Two, Barnstaple, autumn 1859: Mathew, Zoologist, 1859,
p- 6762.

One near Plymouth, autumn 1866: Gatcombe, Zoologist,
1867, p. 557.

One near Christchurch, Hants, 14th May, 1872: Von Hiigel,
Zoologist, 1872, p. 3149.

Obs. Both Selby and Audubon compared specimens
of the Marsh Tern of North America, S. aranea,
Wilson, with Montagu’s type of S. anglica in the
British Museum, and agreed in considering them
identical. The geographical range of this species,
therefore, is very considerable.

SABINE’'S GULL. Larus sabini (Leach).
Hab. North America.

One, Belfast Bay, 18th Sept. 1822: Thompson, Nat. Hist.
Irel. (Birds), vol. iii. p. 309.

172 RARE VISITANTS.

One, Dublin Bay, near Kingstown: Thompson, op. cit.

One, Belfast Bay, near Claremont, 15th Sept.1834: Thomp-
son, op. cit. .

One, Dublin Bay, 12th Sept. 1837: Thompson, op. cit.

One, Milford Haven, autumn 1839: Yarrell, Hist. Brit.
Birds, vol. ii. p. 550.

Two, Torbay, Devon, Oct. 1843: Hore, Zoologist, 1845,p.879.

One, Cambridgeshire: Yarrell, op. cit.
One, Newhaven, Sussex, 22nd Oct. 1853: Borrer, Zoologist,
1853, p. 4408; Knox, Ornithological Rambles in Sussex.
One, Hove, Brighton, 7th Oct. 1858: Dawson Rowley,
Zoologist, 1859, p. 6331.

One, Banffshire coast: Edward, Zoologist, 1860, p. 6974:

One, Balta Sound, Shetland : Saxby, Zoologist, 1861, p. 7436.

One on the Thames, near Blackwall, Sept. 1862: Harting,
Birds of Middlesex, p. 251.

One, Weston-super-Mare: Mathew, Zoologist, 1863, p. 8692,
and 1865, p. 9470.

One, Mounts Bay, Cornwall, Sept. 1866: Rodd, Zoologist,
1866, p. 501.

One, Bridlington, Yorkshire, 5th Sept. 1866: Boulton, Zoo-
logist, 1867, p. 548.

One, Kingstown Harbour, 28th Sept. 1866: Blake Knox,
Zoologist, 1866, p. 526, 1868, p. 1099.

One, same place, 18th Sept. 1867: Blake Knox, J. ¢.

One, Plymouth Sound, autumn 1866: Gatcombe, Zoologist,
11867, Pp. 057.

One, Weston-super-Mare, 14th Sept. 1867: Mathew, Zoclo-
gist, 1867, p. 992.

One, Bangor, co. Down, Oct. 1867: Blake Knox, Zoologist,
1868, p. 1099.

One, Eastbourne, 10th Oct. 1870: J. H. Gurney, Jun., MS.

BONAPARTE’S GULL. Larus philadelphia, Ord.
Hab. North America.

GULLS. 13

One on the Lagan, near Belfast, Ist Feb. 1848: Thompson,
Ann. Nat. Hist. 1848, p. 192; Zoologist, 1849, p. 2069.
This bird was examined in the flesh by Mr. Thompson.

One on Loch Lomond, April 1850: Sir G. Leith, Zoologist,
1851, p. 8117, and 1867, p. 966.

One on one of the English lakes: Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds,
VOls tit. p., 009.

One off Skerries, co. Dublin, 14th Feb. 1855: Hon. T. L.
Powys, Zoologist, 1855, p. 4762.

One, Dublin Bay, July 1864: Blake Knox, Zoologist, 1866,
p. 306.

One, Falmouth Harbour, autumn 1864: Rodd, Zoologist,
1865, p. 9501. In the collection of the late Mr. Couch.

ROSS’S GULL. Larus rossi, Richardson.

Hab. Arctic America.

One, Milford-cum-Kirby, Yorkshire, Feb. 1847 : Charlesworth,
Proc. York. Phil. Soc. vol. i. p. 33; Zoologist, 1847,
p- 1782; Sir William Milner, fom. cit. p. 1694. In the
collection of Sir W. Milner. But these accounts differ as
to locality and date of capture.

Obs. Macgillivray says (Man. Brit. Orn. ii. p. 254),
“‘this species has once occurred in Ireland ;” but
Thompson, in his ‘ Nat. Hist. Irel. (Birds), does not
include it. In ‘The Ibis,’ 1865, p. 103, the editor
remarked that he was not assured of the existence of
more than five other specimens of this rare Gull :—
viz., one in the University Museum, Edinburgh, shot on
Melville Peninsula in June 1823; one in the Derby
Museum, Liverpool, believed to be from the same
source; one in the Museum at Mayence, from Kams-
chatka; one in the collection of Herr Gatke, shot on

174 RARE VISITANTS.

Heligoland ; and one in the collection of Herr Benzon
of Copenhagen, obtained in the Feroes, in February
1865.

IVORY GULL. Larus eburneus, Gmelin.

Hab. Coasts of Arctic America, Labrador, and Newfound-
land.

One, Balta Sound, Shetland, Dec. 1822: Edmonstone, Mem.
Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. iv. p. 501.

One, Firth of Clyde: Selby, Ill. Brit. Orn. vol. 11. p. 497.

One, west coast of Ireland: Ross, Append. 2nd Voy. p. 35.

One near Tralee, co. Kerry, Jan. 1835: Thompson, Nat.
Hist. Irel. (Birds), vol. i. p. 347.

One, Hartlepool, Durham, March 1837: Hogg, Cat. Birds
S.E. Durham, p. 39.

One, Cowpen Marsh, Durham: Hogg, J. c.

One, Wrenningham, Norfolk: Gurney, Zoologist, 1846, p.
1384; H. Stevenson, MS.

One, Banff, 29th Jan. 1847: Edward, Zoologist, 1860, p. 6974.

Three seen, one shot, Dingle Bay, co. Kerry, Feb. 1847:
Thompson, op. cit.

Three, Brighton and Rye Harbour, Sussex, winter 1848:
Knox, Ornithological Rambles in Sussex, p. 255.

One, Glengariff Harbour, Jan. 1849: Thompson, op. cit.

One, Achill Island, co. Mayo: Thompson, op. cit.

One, Galway Bay: Yarrell, op. cit.

One near Torquay, 18th Jan. 1853: Burt, Zoologist, 1853,
p-. 8807 ; Yarrell, op. cit.

One, Thrumster, Caithness, Nov. 1854: Gray, Birds of West
of Scotland, p. 481.

One near Greenock, on the Clyde, winter 1858: Gray, op. cit.

One, Gardenstown, Banff, Dec. 1860: Edward, Zoologist,
1861, p. 7387.

GULLS. 175

One, Shetland, winter 1863 ; Saxby, Zoologist, 1864, p. 9094.

One, Weston-super-Mare, 1864: Mathew, Zoologist, 1865,
p- 9470.

One, Campbeltown, Kintyre, Feb. 1867: Gray, op. cit.

One, Islay, Feb. 1867: Gray, op. cit.

One, Melsetter, Orkney, May 1867: Gray, op. cit.

LAUGHING GULL. Larus atricilla, Linnzus.
Hab. Eastern coasts of North America.

One out of five, near Winchelsea, August 1774: Montagu,
Orn. Dict. In Col. Montagu’s collection in the British
Museum.

Two seen near Hastings: Montagu, op. cit.

One, Lodmoor, Weymouth, winter 1850: Thompson, Zoolo-
gist, 1851, p. 3055.

GREAT BLACK-HEADED GULL. Larus ichthyaétus
Pallas.
Hab, South-eastern Europe ; Egypt; Palestine; India.

One, Exmouth, May 1859: Ross, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.
Dec. 1859, p. 467 ; Zoologist, 1860, p.6860. Inthe Exeter
Museum *.

MEDITERRANEAN BLACK-HEADED GULL. Larus
melanocephalus, Natterer.
One on the Thames, near Barking Creek, Jan. 1866: Saun-
ders, Ibis, 1872, p. 79. In the British Museum.

Obs. It may be here remarked that the Masked
Gull, Larus capistratus of Temminck, which is in-
cluded as a distinct species by Eyton, Jenyns, Yarrell,
and other authors, would be here inserted as a rare or
accidental visitant, were there any good grounds for

* T examined this specimen on the 22nd Sept. 1870.

176 RARE VISITANTS.

believing it to be a valid species. But there can be
little doubt that the name capistratus has been be-
stowed upon a small specimen of L. ridibundus in a
transitional or accidental state of plumage ; ef. Thomp-
son, Nat. Hist. Irel. (Birds), vol. iii. pp. 334-340.

Fam. PROCELLARID &.
DUSKY SHEARWATER. Puffinus obscurus (Gmelin).
Hab. West coast of Africa to Cape of Good Hope; rare in
the Mediterranean.

One, Valentia Harbour, co. Kerry, 11th May 1853: Yarrell,
Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. ii. p. 659. In the collection of
Mrs. Blackburn.

One, Earsham, near Bungay, Suffolk, 10th April 1858:
Stevenson, Zoologist, 1858, p. 6096.

One taken alive, mouth of the Ouse, near Lynn, 26th July,
1851: Southwell, Naturalist, 1851, p. 189. In the Lynn
Museum. This is the young of P.major. J. H. Gurney, MS.

A pair taken alive, Plymouth Sound, 11th Dec. 1852: Banker,
Naturalist, 1853, p. 204.

One, near Berry Head, South Devon, Feb. 1869: De Hugel,
Zoologist, 1869, p. 1720.

Obs. Under the head of Cinereous or Dusky Shear-
water, certain birds of this genus have been recorded
as above; but it is extremely doubtful whether they
are all of one species, P. obscurus, Gmelin. On the
contrary, I suspect that only the first on the list is
of that species, and that the others are either the young
of P. major (cf. antea, p. 79), perhaps in the plumage
of the specimen described as fwliginosus by Strickland

PETRELS. ares

(P. Z. S. 1832, p. 128) *, or belong to a species not yet
recognized as British. I have seen two or three spe-
cimens of a Shearwater taken on different parts of the
English coast, intermediate in size between P. major
and anglorumt; and I have little doubt that a careful
examination of these would result in the establish-
ment of a fourth species of Puffinus in the British list.

Not having had the opportunity of examining the
specimens above noticed, I consider their species for
the present undetermined, with the exception of the
first on the list, but refer to the records of their
capture, for convenience, under the head of the species
to which they have been thought to belong.

Those who may investigate this question will derive
considerable assistance from a perusal of Dr. Elliott
Coues’s “ Critical Review of the Family Procellaride,”
published in the ‘ Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.’ 1864,
pp. 72 & 116, and 1866, pp. 20 & 134; and of
Professor Newton’s remarks on the subject in the
‘ Zoologist’ for 1852, pp. 3691-3698.

CAPPED PETREL. (Mstrelata hesitata (Kuhl)f.

Hab. Atlantic coast, from Florida to New York, and the
West Indies.

* This specimen was killed at Bridlington in Yorkshire.

+ The species recorded by Yarrell as the Cinereous Shearwater,
it will be recollected, is considerably smaller than anglorum.

+ In determining the generic relationship of this bird I have
followed the nomenclature adopted by Dr. Elliott Cowes in his
excellent monograph above mentioned (ef. Proc. Acad, Nat. Se.
Philad. 1866, p. 139).

N

178 RARE VISITANTS.

One, Southacre, near Swaffham, spring 1850: Newton,
Zoologist, 1852, p. 3691, figure; Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds,
vol. 11. p. 643, figure.

Obs. A specimen of this Petrel, killed in the English
Channel, is in the Museum at Boulogne-sur-Mer.

BULWER’S PETREL. Procellaria bulweri, Jardine.
Hab. Madeira and adjacent islands.

‘One on the Ure, near Tanfield, Yorkshire, 8th May, 1837:
Gould, Birds of Europe, pt. xxi. fig.; Yarrell, Hist. Brit.
Birds, vol. ui. p. 664.

One off Scarborough, spring 1849: Higgins, Zoologist, 1849,
p. 2569.

WILSON’S PETREL. Procellaria wilsoni, Bonaparte.
Hab. North America.

Two, English Channel: Jenyns, Man. Brit. Vert. An. p. 286;
Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, vol. ii. p. 668.

Seen in abundance off the Land’s End, May 1838: Gould,
PAA4S- 1839) pal ag-

One, Polperro, Cornwall, Nov. 1838: Couch, Cornish Fauna,
ii. p. 71; Rodd, List Birds Cornwall, p. 46.

One, Norfolk, spring 1839: Yarrell, fide Buxton, op. cit.
Doubtfully in Norfolk: H. Stevenson, MS.

One, Cumberland: Yarrell, fide Heysham, op. cit.

One believed to have been killed on the Irish coast, August
1840: Thompson, Nat. Hist. Irvel. (Birds), vol. i. p. 417.

One, Sussex: Bond, Zoologist, 1843, p. 148; Yarrell, op. cit.

One on the Avon, Sutton Benger, Wilts, 2nd Nov. 1849:
Marsh, Zoologist, 1859, p. 6492.

One, Freshwater, Isle of Wight, Nov. 1863: Delme Radcliffe,
Zoologist, 1864, p. 8892.

One near Aldeburgh, Suffolk, “some years since” (1871) :
Hele, Notes about Aldeburgh, p. 176.

> UMA ROY.

FORMING

MeN W EIST OF BRITISH BYRDS,

SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGED.

RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTs. RARE VISITANTS.

Order I. RAPTORES.

Fam. VULTURIDZ.

Gyps fulvus (Gmel.).
Neophron percnopterus
(Linn.).

Fam. FALCONID.
Aquila chrysaétus (Linn.). Aquila neevia (Gmel.).
Halietus albicilla (Linn.).
Pandion halizetus (Linn.).
Falco peregrinus, Gmel. Falco candicans, Gmel.

», subbuteo, Linn. », 1slandicus, Gmel.

» esalon, Gmel.

», timnunculus, Linn.
Accipiter nisus (Linn.).
Astur palumbarius (Linn.). Astur atricapillus (Wils.).
Milvus ictinus, Savigny. Milvus migrans (Bodd.).

Nauclerus furcatus (Linn.).

N 2

», vespertinus, Linn.

180 SUMMARY.

ReEsIDENTS AND MIGRANTS. Rare VISITANTS.

Buteo vulgaris, Leach. Buteo lineatus (Gmel.).
», lagopus (Gmel.).

Pernis apivorus (Linn.).

Circus eruginosus (Linn.).
» cyaneus (Linn.).
» cimeraceus (Mont.).

Fam. STRIGID/.

Strix flammea, Linn. Nyctea nivea (Daudin).

Syrnium aluco (Linn.). Surnia funerea (Linn.).

Otus vulgaris, Flem. Athene noctua (Scop.).
» brachyotus (Forst.). Scops asio (Linn.).

EI Scops):
Bubo maximus, Flem.
Nyctale acadica (Gmel.).
», tengmalmi (Gmel.).

Order II. INSESSORES.
Fam. LANIID/A.

Lanius excubitor, Linn. Lanius minor, Gmel.
», collurio, Linn.
» rutilus, Lath.

Fam. MUSCICAPID/.

Muscicapa grisola, Linn. Muscicapa parva, Bechst.
Rs atricapilla, Linn. —_- Vireosylvia olivacea (V7eill.).

Fam. ORIOLID A.

Oriolus galbula, Linn.

Fam. CINCLID.

Cinclus aquaticus, Bechst.

SUMMARY. 181

RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTs. Rare VIsITANTSs.

Fam. PETROCINCLIDA.

Petrocincla saxatilis (Gmel.).

Fam. TURDID.

Turdus viscivorus, Linn. Turdus varius, Pall.
» musicus, Linn. » atrigularis, Gmel.
» pilaris, Linn. » sibiricus, Pall.

», lliacus, Linn.
merula, Linn.
» torquatus, Linn.

Fam. PYCNONOTID 2.

Pycnonotus capensis (Linn.).

Fam. SYLVIID/A.

Accentor modularis (Linn.). | Accentor alpinus, Bechst.
Erythaca rubecula (Linn.).
Cyanecula suecica (Linn.).

Ruticilla phoenicura (Linn.).

: tithys (Scop.).
Saxicola rubicola (Linn.).

- rubetra (Linn.).

a cenanthe (Linn.).
Salicaria locustella (Lath.). Salicaria palustris (Bechst.).
phragmitis (Bechst.). ss aquatica (Gmel.).
strepera (Vieill.).
arundinacea (Linn.).
luscinoides (Sav?).

PP)

Aédon galactodes (Temm.).
Luscinia philomela (Bonap.).
Sylvia atricapilla (Linn.). Sylvia orphea (Zemm.).
» hortensis (Gmel.).
» elmerea, Lath.

182 SUMMARY.

RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS. RARE VISITANTS.

Sylvia sylviella, Lath.
» undata, Bodd.

Phyllopneuste sibilatrix Phyllopneuste hypolais
(Bechst.). (Linn.).
mh trochilus, Linn.
- rufa (Lath.).
Reguloides superciliosus
(Gmel.).
Regulus cristatus, Koch. Regulus calendula (Linn.).

» ignicapillus, Jenyns.

Fam. TROGLODYTID.
Troglodytes parvulus, Koch.

Fam. CERTHIID.

Certhia familiaris, Linn.

Fam. SITTID.

Sitta cesia, Meyer.

Fam. PARIDA.

Parus major, Linn.

» ceruleus, Linn.

» cristatus, Linn.

», ater, Linn.

» palustris, Linn.
Acredula rosea (Blyth).
Panurus biarmicus (Linn.).

Fam. AMPELID.

Ampelis garrulus, Linn.

SUMMARY. 183

RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTs. Rare VISITANTS.

Fam. MOTACILLID.

Motacilla yarrelli, Gould. Motacilla cinereocapilla, Savi.
alba, Linn.

fe boarula, Lath.

eS flava, Linn.

rayi, Bonap.

3)

Fam. ANTHID.

Anthus arboreus, Bechst. Anthus campestris, Bechst.
» pratensis (Linn.). » cervinus, Pall.
» obscurus (Lath.). » Indovicianus (Gmel.).

spinoletta (Linn.).
richardi, Viedll.

3)

PP

Fam. ALAUDID.

Alauda arvensis, Linn. Alauda cristata, Linn.
» arborea, Linn. », brachydactyla, Leis/.
» alpestris, Linn. » calandra, Linn.

» sibirica, Pall.

Fam. EMBERIZID.

Emberiza lapponica, Gmel. Emberiza pusilla, Pall.
By nivalis, Linn. * rustica, Pall.
- miliaria, Linn. * melanocephala,
a scheniclus, Linn. Scop.

citrinella, Linn.
cirlus, Linn.
hortulana, Linn.

Fam. FRINGILLIDA.

Fringilla celebs, Linn. Fringilla serimus, Lanz.

5 montifringilla, Linn.

184 SUMMARY.

RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS. Rake VISITANTS.

Fringilla carduelis, Linn.

3 spinus, Linn.
Linota cannabina (Linn.).

» flavirostris (Linn.).

» linaria (Linn.).

» Yufescens (Vierll.).
Passer montanus (Linn.).

», domesticus (Linn.).
Coccothraustes chloris (Linn.).

i vulgaris, Steph.

Pyrrhula vulgaris, Temm.

Carpodacus erythrinus (Pall.).
Pinicola enucleator (Linn.).

Fam. LOXIID/.

Loxia curvirostra, Linn. Loxia pityopsittacus, Bechst.
» bifasciata, Nils.
», leucoptera, Gmel.

Fam. ICTERID.

Ageleeus phoeniceus, Vierll.
Sturnella magna (Lann.).

Fam. STURNID.

Sturnus vulgaris, Linn.
Pastor roseus (Linn.).

Fam. CORVID.

Pyrrhocorax graculus (Linn.). Nucifraga —_caryocatactes
Corvus corax, Linn. (Linn.).

» corone, Linn.

» cornix, Linn.
Corvus frugilegus, Linn.

SUMMARY. 185

RESIDENTS AND MiIGRANTs. Rare VIsITANTs.

Corvus monedula, Linn.
Pica caudata, Flem.
Garrulus glandarius (Linn.).

Fam. PICID.

Picus viridis, Linn. Picus martius, Linn.
»» major, Linn. » medius, Linn.
»» minor, Linn. », Villosus, Linn.

» pubescens, Linn.
» auratus, Linn.
Jyux torquilla, Linn.
Fam. UPUPID.

Upupa epops, Linn.
Fam. CUCULID.

Cuculus canorus, Linn. Cuculus glandarius, Linn.
a americanus, Linn.
af erythrophthalmus,

Wils.

Fam. CORACIID A.

Coracias garrula, Linn.
Fam. ALCEDINIDA.

Alcedo ispida, Linn. Ceryle aleyon (Linn.).

Fam. MEROPIDA.
Merops apiaster, Linn.

Fam. HIRUNDINIDA.
Hirundo rustica, Linn. Hirundo purpurea, Linn.
os urbica, Linn. - bicolor, Vieill.

o riparia, Linn.

186 SUMMARY.

RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS. RARE VISITANTS.
Fam. CYPSELID/.
Cypselus apus (Linn.). Cypselus melba, J/.

» ecaudacutus (Lath.).

Fam. CAPRIMULGID.

Caprimulgus europeus, Linn. Caprimulgus ruficollis, Temm.

Order III. RASORES.
Fam. COLUMBID.

Columba palumbus, Linn. Columba migratoria, Linn.
” cenas, Linn.
a livia, Temm.

Turtur auritus, Gray.

Fam. PTEROCLID.
Syrrhaptes paradoxus (Pall.).

Fam. PHASIANID.

Phasianus colchicus, Linn.

Fam. TETRAONIDA.

Tetrao urogallus, Linn.

» tetrix, Linn.

» scoticus, Lath.

» lagopus, Linn.
Perdix cinerea, Lath.

3) ruta, Lath: Perdix petrosa (Gmel.).
Coturnix vulgaris, Plem. — Ortyx virginianus (Linn.).

Fam. TURNICIDA.
Turnix sylvatica (Desfont.).

SUMMARY. 187

RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS. RarE VISITANTs.

Order IV. GRALLATORES.

Fam. OTIDIDZ.

Otis tarda, Linn. Otis macqueeni, Gray.
petetrax,, Lan:

Fam. CHARADRIIDA.

Cidicnemus crepitans, Temm.
Cursorius gallicus, Gel.
Glareola pratincola (Linn.).
Charadrius pluvialis, Linn.
Squatarola helvetica (Linn.).
Vanellus cristatus, Meyer.
Eudromias morinellus (Linn.).
Agialitis hiaticula (Linn.). fEgialitis curonicus (Gimel.).
» cantiana (Lath.). A vociferus (Linn.).
Strepsilas interpres (Linn.).
Hematopus ostralegus (Linn.).

Fam. SCOLOPACID.

Recurvirostra avocetta, Linn. Himantopuscandidus, Bonnat.
Totanus glottis (Pall.). Totanus flavipes (Gmel.).
» fuscus (Linn.). » solitarius (Wils.).
» ealidris (Linn.).
» ochropus (Linn.).
» glareola (Linn.).
Machetes pugnax (Linn.).
Actiturus bartramius (Wils.).
Tringites rufescens (V7ell.).
Tringoides hypoleucus Tringoides macularius
(Linn.). (Linn.).
Tringa canutus, Linn. Tringa maculata, Viedld.

188 SUMMARY.

ResipEnts AND MIGRANTs. Rare VISITANTS.

Tringa subarquata (Giild.). Tringa platyrhyncha, Temm.
» maritima, Gmel. », bonaparti, Schleg.
», alpina, Linn. » pusilla, Wils.
» minuta, Leisl.
» temmincku, Leis.
Calidris arenaria (Linn.).
Phalaropus fulicarius (Linn.).
ss hyperboreus (Linn.).
Scolopax rusticola, Linn.

Gallinago major (Gmel.). Gallinago wilsoni, Temm.
fs media, Leach.
G5 sabini (Vigors).

ey gallinula (Linn.).
Macrorhamphus griseus

(Gmel.).
Limosa lapponica (Linn.).
» egocephala (Linn.).
Numenius arquatus (Linn.).
5 phzeopus (Linn.). | Numenius borealis (Fors?.).

Fam. TANTALID.
Ibis falcinellus (Gmel.).

Fam. PLATALEIDA.

Platalea leucorodia, Linn.

Fam. CICONITID.

Ciconia alba, Bechst. Ciconia nigra (Linn.).

Fam. GRUID.

Grus cinerea, Bechst. Grus virgo (Linn.).
»» pavonina (Linn.).

SUMMARY. 189

ReEsIDENTS AND MiGRantTs. Rare VIsIrants.
Fam. ARDEID &.
Ardea cinerea, Linn. Ardea alba, Linn.
»» purpurea, Linn. » garzetta, Linn.

» comata, Pall.
» russata, Wagl.
Nycticorax griseus (Linn.).
Botaurus stellaris (Linn.). Botaurus lentiginosus
5 minutus (Lznn.). (Mont.).

Fam. RALLID.

Rallus aquaticus, Linn.

Crex pratensis, Bechst.
»> porzana (Linn.). Crex carolina (Linn.).
» bailloni (Vieil/.).
», pusilla (Gmel.).

Gallinula chloropus (Linn.).

Fulica atra, Linn.

Order V. NATATORES

Fam. ANATID/.

Cygnus musicus, Bechst. Cygnus immutabilis, Yarr.
» minor, Keys. & Bl. » americanus, Sharpl.
» buceinator, Richards.
Anser ferus (Gmel.). Anser albatus, Cassin.
» segetum (Gmel.). » ruficollis, Pall.

» brachyrhynchus, Baill.
», albifrons (Gmel.).

», leucopsis, Bechst.

» bernicla (Linn.).

» canadensis (Linn.).

» wegyptiacus (Linn.).

190

ReEsIDENTS AND MIGRANTS.

Tadorna vulpauser, Flem.
Anas boschas, Linn.
», strepera, Linn.
» Clypeata, Linn.
» acuta, Linn.
», penelope, Linn.
Querquedula crecca (Linn.).
Bs circia (Linn.).
Fuligula ferina (Linn.).
» ferruginea (Gmel.).
» marila (Linn.).
» cristata (Leach).
Clangula glaucion (Linn.).
Harelda glacialis (Linn.).

(Kdemia nigra (Linn.).
» fusca (Linn.).
Somateria mollissima (Linn.).

Mergus albellus, Linn.
», serrator, Linn.
» merganser, Linn.

SUMMARY.

RaRE VISITANTS.

Plectropterus gambensis
(Linn.) .

Tadorna rutila (Pall.).

Anas americana, Gmel.

Fuligula rufina (Pall.).

Clangula albeola (Linn.).

Histrionicus torquatus, Bo-
nap.

(Kdemia perspicillata (Linn.).

Somateria spectabilis (Linn.).
a stelleri (Pall.).
Mergus cucullatus, Linn.

Fam. COLYMBID i.

Colymbus glacialis, Linn.

arcticus, Linn.

55 septentrionalis,
Linn.

Fam. PODICIPID.

Podiceps cristatus (Linn.).
rubricollis (Gmel.).

PP.

SUMMARY. 191

Rare VISITANTs.

ReEsIpENTS AND MIGRANTS.

Podiceps cornutus (Gmel.).
» auritus (Linn.).
.; minor (Gimel.).

Fam. ALCIDA.

Fratercula arctica (Linn.).

Alea torda, Linn.
» alle, Linn.
», Impennis, Linn.
Uria troile (Linn.).
panylle (Linn):

Uria arra (Pail.).

Fam. PELECANID.

Graculus carbo (Linn.).

Sula bassana (Linn.).

cristatus (Fader).

Fam. LARID.

Sterna fluviatilis, Nawm.

» hirundo, Linn.

» dougalli, Mont.
cantiaca, Gmel.
» minuta, Linn.

» fissipes, Linn.

Larus minutus, Pall.
ridibundus, Linn.
tridactylus, Linn.
canus, Linn.

argentatus, Gmel.
glaucus, Gmel.

leucopterus, Fader.

Sterna caspia, Pail.
» Velox, Riipp.
» hybrida, Pall.
» leucoptera, Meisn.
» fuliginosa, Gmel.
», Sstolida, Linn.
anglica, Mont.
Larus sabini (Leach).
»» philadelphia, Ord.
» rossi, Richards.
» eburneus, Gmel.
» atricilla, Linn.
»» Ichthyaétus, Pail.
»» melanocephalus, Natt.

192 SUMMARY.

RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS. Rare VISITANTS.

Larus marinus, Linn.
» fuscus, Linn.
Lestris catarrhactes (Linn.).
parasiticus (Linn.).
» longicaudus, Viedll.
» pomatorhinus, Temm.

3)

Fam. PROCELLARID.

Puffinus anglorum (Temm.). Puffinus obscurus (Gmel.).
» major, Fader.
Fulmarus glacialis (Linn.).
(strelata heesitata (Kuhl).
Procellaria pelagica (Linn.). Procellaria bulweri, Jard.
“A leachii (Temm.). % wilsoni, Bonap.

Accentor, Alpine, 102.

» _ Hedge, 12.
Auk, Great, 71.

» little, 71.

» Razor-billed, 70.
Avocet, 46,

Bee-eater, 34.

Bernicle Goose, 61.

Bittern, American, 150.
», Common, 56,
» Little, 57.

Blackbird, 12.

Blackcap, 15.

Black Grouse, 38.

Brambling, 27.

Bullfinch, 29.

Rosy, 112.

7

Bunting, Black-headed, 111.

Cirl, 26.
Common, 26.
Lapland, 25.
Little, 111.
Ortolan, 27.
Reed, 26.
Rustic, 111.
Snow, 25.

» Yellow, 26.
Bustard, Great, 41.

5, Little, 42.

»» Macqueen’s, 131.
Butcher-bird, or Shrike, 9.
Buzzard, Common, 6.

» Honey, 6.
”
Rough-legged, 6.

”

Capercaillie, 37.

Red-shouldered, 89.

INDEX.

Chaftinch, 27.
Chiff Chaff, 18.
» Yellow-billed, 106.
Chough, 30.
Colin, Virginian, 129,

| Coot, 58.

Cormorant, Common, 75.
», Crested, 75.
Corn Crake, 57.

| Courser, Cream-coloured, 131.

Crake, Baillon’s, 58.
Corn, 57.
Little, 58.
Spotted, 58.

”
”

9

| Crane, Balearic, 146.

Common, 54.

», Demoiselle, 146.
Creeper, 20.

Crossbill, American, 116.
Common, 29.
Parrot, 114.

» White-winged, 115.
Crow, Carrion, 31.

Hooded, 31.
Red-legged, 30.

» Royston, 31.
Cuckoo, Black-billed, 124.
Common, 34.

» Great Spotted, 123.

» Yellow-billed, 124.
Curlew, Common, 53.
Esquimaux, 145.
Stone, 42.

9

99

9

a)
”

”

9?
9

Dabchick, 70.
Dipper, 10.

| Diver, Black-throated, 69.

Great Northern, 68.
O

i)

194

Diver, Red-throated, 69.
Dotterel, 43.
» _ Ringed, 44.”
Dove, Ring, 36.
5, Rock, 36.
» Stock, 36.
» _ Lurtle, 37,
Duck, Buffel-headed, 161.
» Hider, 67.
» Ferruginous, 64.
y» Gadwall, 62.
» Garganey, 63.
» Golden-eye, 66.
», Harlequin, 160.
ane, 163.
» Long-tailed, 66.
», Nyroca, 64.
» Pintail, 62.
» Pochard, 63.
», Red-crested, 159.
» Scaup, 64.
» Scaup, American, 64.
at ESCOter, 0G:
», Shoveller, 62.

», Steller’s Western, 164.

» surf, 162.

oy heal, (G2:

, Tufted, 66.

9, Velvet, 67.

» Wigeon, 62.

a WaldG2:
Dunlin, 49.

Eagle, Golden, 3.

» Spotted, 83.

», White-tailed, 3.
Egret, Great White, 147.

» Little, 148.
Hider Duck, 67.

Falcon, Greenland, 85.
» Gyr, 84.
» Iceland, 86.
» Peregrine, 4.
» Red-footed, 86.
Fieldfare, 11.
Finch, Bramble, 27.
» Bull, 29.
oy eGOlds 27.
» Green, 29,
» Haw, 29.
x — tteybay, IIIB

INDEX.

Fire-crested Wren, 19.

| Flycatcher, Pied, 10.

5, Red-breasted, 99.
» Red-eyed, 99.
» Spotted, 10.

Fulmar, 79.

Gadwall, 62.
Gallinule, Baillon’s, 58.
» Common, 58.
», Little, 58.
5 Spotted, 58.
Gannet, 75.
Garganey, 65.

| Goatsucker, 38.

5, Rufous-naped, 127.
Godwit, Bar-tailed, 53.

» Black-tailed, 55.
Golden-crested Wren, 19.
Golden-eye, 66.

Goldfinch, 27.
Goosander, 68.
Goose, Bean, 59.

», Bernicle, 61.

» Jrent, Gl:

,, Canada, 61.
Egyptian, 61.

» Grey Lag, 59.

5, Pink-footed, 60.

5» Red-breasted, 156.

» snow, 155.

5) Spur-winged, 157.

» White-fronted, 60.
Goshawk, 4.

,, American, 87.

| Grebe, Eared, 70.

,, Great Crested, 69.
Horned, 69.
Little, 70.
» Red-necked, 69.
» Sclavonian, 69.
Greenfinch, 29.
Greenshank, 46.

| Griffon Vulture, 83.

Grosbeak, Pine, 113.

| Grouse, Black, 38.

» Red, 39.
» sand, 128.
Guillemot, Black, 74.
, Briinnich’s, 166,
,, Common, 74.
Ringed, 74.

Gull, Black-headed, 77.
Bonaparte’s, 172.
Common, 77.

» Glaucous, 77.

Herring, 77.
Iceland, 77.
Ivory, 174.

» Kittiwake, 77.

Little, 76.
Ross’s, 173.
Sabine’ Sy, 17a
Gyrfalcon, 84.

Harlequin Duck, 160.
Harrier, Hen, 7.

yy Marsh, 7.

», Montagu’s, 7
Hawfinch, 29.
Hawk, 4.
Hawk Owl, 91.
Hedge Sparrow, 12.
Hemipode, Andalusian, 150.
Heron, Buff-backed, 150.
Common, 55, ,
Great White, 147.
Little White, 148.
Night, 56.
Purple, 55.
Squacco, 149.
Herring Gull, 77.
Hobby, 4.

3 Red-legged, 86.
Hoopoe, 33.

This, Glossy, 54.

Jackdaw, 31.
Jack Snipe, 52.
Jay, 32.

Kestrel, 4.
King Duck, 163.
Kingfisher, "Belted, 124,
a Common, 34.
Kite, 5.
» Black, 88.
», Swallow-tailed, 88.
Kittiwake, 77.

Knot, 48.

Great Black-backed, (He

Lesser Black-backed, 77.

INDEX.

195

Landrail, 57.
Lapwing, 43.

Lark, Calandra, 111.

Crested, 110.
Shore, 25,
Short-toed, 110.
Siberian, 111.

» dky, 24.

Wood, 25.

Linnet, Common, 27.

» Mountain, or Twite, 28,

”

Magpie, 31.

Mallard, or Wild Duck, 62.
Martin, "House, 35.

» Purple, 1265.

» Sand, 35.
Merganser, Hooded, 165.
+ Red-breasted, 67.
Merlin, 4,

Misseltoe Thrush, 11.
Moorhen, 58.

Nightingale, 15.
Nightjar, 35.

», Rufous-naped, 127.
Noddy, 170.
Norfolk Plover, 42.
Nutcracker, 118.
Nuthatch, 20.
Nyroca, 64,

Oriole, Golden, 10.
Ortolan, 27.
Osprey, 3.
Ouzel, Ring, 12.

ee Witter O:
Owl, Acadian, 95.

barn 8:

» Eagle, 94.
» Hawk, 91.
» Little, 91.

Long-eared, 8.
», Mottled, 93.
Scops, 93.

» Short-eared, 8.

Whine 8.

Oyster- -catcher, 45.

196

Partridge, Barbary, 129.

» Grey, 39.

» Red-legged, 40.
Pastor, Rose-coloured, 30.
Peewit, 48.

Peregrine, 4.
Petrel, Bulwer’s, 178.

y Capped, 177.

» Leach’s, 80.

» Storm, 80.

» Wilson’s, 178,
Phalarope, Grey, 50.

» Red-necked, 50.
Pheasant, 37.

Pigeon, Passenger, 128.

» Rock, 36.

5 stock, 36:

», _ Wood, 86.
Pintail, 62.

Pipit, Meadow, 24.

9, Pennsylvanian, 109.

» Red-throated, 109.

» Richard’s, 24.

» Rock, 24.

» Tawny, 108.

» Tree, 24,

» Water, 24.
Plover, Golden, 42.

» Great, 42.

» Green, 48.

» Grey, 43.

» Kentish, 44.

» Little Ringed, 134.

» Norfolk, 42.
Ringed, 44.
Pochard, 63.

Pratincole, Collared, 133.
Ptarmigan, 39.
Puffin, 70.

~
-

Quail, 40.

Rail, Land, 57.

» Little, 58.

» Spotted, 58.

» Water, 57.
Raven, 30,
Razorbill, 70.
Red-backed Shrike, 9.
Redbreast, 12.
Red-crested Pochard, 159.
Red-footed Falcon, 86.

INDEX.

Red Grouse, 39.
Redpoll, Lesser, 28.
» Mealy, 28.
Redshank, Common, 46.
» Dusky, 46.
Redstart, 12. °
» Black, 18.
Redwing, 11.
Red-winged Starling, 117.
Reed Warbler, 14.
Reeve, 48.
Regulus, Dalmatian, 107.
» J ire-crested, 19.
», Golden-crested, 19.
Ring Dove, 36.
Ring Ouzel, 12.
Robin, 12.
Rock Dove, 36.
Roller, 34.
Rook, 31.
Ruff, 48.

Sanderling, 49.
Sandgrouse, Pallas’s, 128.
Sandpiper, Bartram’s, 137.

» Bonaparte’s, 142.

» Broad-billed, 141.

» Buff-breasted, 188.

5, Common, 48.

» Curlew, 48.

» Dunlin, 49.

», Green, 47.

» Little, 49.

», Pectoral, 140.

» Purple, 48.

sy echinz’s, 142:

» Solitary, 137,

» Spotted, 138.

», Temminck’s, 49,

», Wilson’s, 148.

» Wood, 47.
», Yellow-shanked, 137.
Scaup, 64.

5, American, 64,

Scoter, Common, 66.

oF our. wlG2!
» Velvet, 67.
Shag, 75.

| Shearwater, Cinereous, 176.

Dusky, 176.
» Greater, 79.
sy Mikewiv-ey 702)

INDEX.

Sheldrake, Common, 61.
y» Ruddy, 157.
Shoveller, 62.
Shrike, Great Grey, 9.
x, Lesser Grey, 98.
5 Red-backed, 9,
», Woodchat, 9
Siskin, 27.
Skua, Buffon’s, 78.
», Common, 78.
5, Pomatorhine, 78.
5, Richardson’s, 78.
Sky Lark, 24,
Smew, 67.
Snipe, Common, 51.
» Great, 51.
» Jack, 52.
93 Red-breasted, 144.
3) Sabine’s, 52.
Wilson’s, 143.
Sparrow, Hedge, 12.
» House, 28.
9 bree, 28.
Sparrowhawk, 4.
Spoonbill, 54.

staring, American Meadow, 118.

y» Common, 30,

» Red-winged, 117.
Stilt, Black-winged, 135.
Stint, American, 143.

» Little, 49.

» Temminck’s, 49.

», Wilson’s, 143.
Stonechat, 15.

Stone Curlew, 42.
Stork, Black, 145.

» White, 54.
Storm Petrel, 80.
Swallow, 35.

3, White-bellied, 125.
Swan, American, 154.

» Bewick’s, 59.

» Polish, 155.

» Trumpeter, 155,

Seal noe.

Swift, Alpine, 125.
» Common, 35,
9) Spine-tailed, 127.

Teal, 62.
Tern, Arctic, 76.
» Black, 76.

Tern, Caspian, 167.

» Common, 75.

» Gull- pilled, 170.

3») eSser; 76.

» Noddy, 170.

», Roseate, 76.

yy Sandwich, 76.

5» Sooty, 169.

» swift, 168.

» Whiskered, 168.
White- winged, 169.

Thrush, Black- throated, 101.

», Gold-vented, 101.

» Misseltoe, 11.

» Rock, 99.

5) Siberian, 101.

» sone, ul.

‘ White’ s, 100.
Titmouse, Bearded, 22.

os Blue, 20.

5, Coal, 21.

» Crested, 20.

5, Great, 20.

‘s one leds 21.

Marsh, 21.

Turnstone, 44,
Turtle Dove, 37.
Twite, 28.

Vulture, Egyptian, 83.
» Griffon, 83.

Wagtail, Ashy-headed, 108.
» Grey, 23.
» Grey- headed, 23.
» Pied, 28.

» Ray’s or Yellow, 23.

» White, 23.
Warbler, Aquatic, 105.

», Blackcap, 15.

» Blue-throated, 102,

» Dartford, 16.

» Garden, 15.

ee Mea asshopper, 14,

» Great Reed, 14.

» Marsh, 104.

. Melodious, 106,

5, Orphean, 106,

», Reed, 14.

» Rufous, 105.

jh AVIS, LD:

5 sedge, 14,

197

198

Warbler, Willow, 18.
3. Wood a7.

» Yellow-browed, 107.

Water Ouzel, 10.

sy den Easy
Waxwing, 23.
Wheatear, 13.
Whimbrel, 53.
Whinchat, 13.
Whitethroat, Common, 16.

» Lesser, 16.
Whooper, 59.

Wigeon, 62.

» _ American, 159.
Woodchat, 9.
Woodcock, 50.

Wood Lark, 25.
Woodpecker, Black, 120.
» Downy, 121.

INDEX.

Woodpecker, Golden-winged, 122.

» Green, 32.

Hairy, 122.

» Spotted, 32.

» Lesser Spotted, 32.

» Middle Spotted, 122.
Wood Pigeon, 36. ‘
Wren, Common, 19.

», Fire-crested, 19.
Golden-crested, 19.
» Reed, 14.

» Ruby-crowned, 107.
Willow, 19.

, Wood, 19.
Wryneck, 33.

”»

Yellowhammer or Yellow Bunting,
26.
Yellowshank, 137.

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Explained, and Illustrated. By James Epmunp Harrine, F.LS., F.Z.S8.
8vo, 12s. 6d.

THE BIRDS OF MIDDLESEX. A contribution to the Natural
History of the County. By James Epmunp Harring, F.L.S., F.Z.8. Post 8vo,
7s. 6d.

YARRELL’S BRITISH BIRDS. Revised by Atrrep Newron, M.A.,
Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy in the University of Cam-
bridge, &e. &e. In Parts at 2s. 6d. each.

FALCONRY IN THE BRITISH ISLES. By Messrs. Sarvrn and
Broprick. Second Edition, with new Plates and Additions. Imperial 8vo.

[Zn the Press.

FALCONERS’ FAVOURITES. By W. Broprick, one of the Authors
of ‘Falconry in the British Isles.’ A series of Life-sized Coloured Portraits
of all the British species of Falcons at present used in Falconry. Large folio,
cloth, £2 2s.

FALCONRY IN THE VALLEY OF THE INDUS. ByR.F. Burton.

Post 8vo, with Four Illustrations, 6s.

THE BIRDS OF THE HUMBER DISTRICT. By Joun Corpzavx,
of Great Cotes, Uleeby. Post 8vo. [Jn the Press.

THE BIRDS OF NORFOLK. By Henry Srevenson, F.L.S. Vols. I.’
and II., 8vo, each 10s, 6d.; Vol. III. will complete the Work.

THE BIRDS OF SOMERSETSHIRE. By Crcrz Suir, of Lydeard
House, near Taunton. Post 8vo, 665 pp., 7s. 6d.

THE BIRDS OF EGYPT. By G. Ernest Suettey, F.Z.S., F.R.G.S.,
&e., late Captain Grenadier Guards. Royal 8vo, with Fourteen Coloured
Plates, price £1 11s. 6d.

NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF DAMARA LAND AND THE ADJA-
CENT COUNTRIES OF SOUTH-WEST AFRICA. By the late Cuartzs
Joun Anperssoy, Author of ‘Lake Ngami’ and of ‘The Okavango River.’
Arranged and edited by Joun Henry Gurney, with some additional Notes by
the Editor. 8vo, 10s. 6d.

OOTHECA WOLLEYANA: an Illustrated Catalogue of the Collection
of Birds’ Eggs formed by the late Jonny Wottny, jun., M.A., F.Z.S. Edited by
Professor Newron. Part I. Accipitres. Royal 8vo, £1 11s. 6d.

BIRDS OF JAMAICA. By P. H. Gossz, F.R.S. Post 8vo, 10s.

COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE EGGS OF BRITISH
BIRDS, with Descriptions of their Nests and Nidification. By Wruritam C.
Hewirson. Third Edition, 2 vols. 8vo, £4 14s. 6d.

SYSTEMATIC CATALOGUE OF THE EGGS OF BRITISH BIRDS,
arranged with a view to supersede the use of Labels for Eggs. By the Rev.
8. C. Manan, M.A., M.A.S. On writing-paper, 8vo, 8s. 6d.

BIRD LIFE. By Dr. E. A. Bren. Translated from the German by
H. M. Lazoucuers, F.Z.8., and W. Jzssz, C.M.Z.8., Zoologist to the Abyssinian
Expedition. Parts, royal 8vo, 2s. 6d. each.

A NATURAL HISTORY OF CAGE-BIRDS. By J. G. Kevtemans,
late Assistant to the Museum of Natural History of Leyden. Imperial 8vo.
In Parts, each containing Six Coloured Plates, 5s. each.

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of the Raptorial Birds in the Norfolk

and Norwich Museum. By Joun Henry Gurney. Part I. royal 8vo, 5s.

MONTAGU’S DICTIONARY OF BRITISH BIRDS, containing a
full account of the Plumage, Weight, Habits, Food, Migrations, Nest, and
Eggs of every Bird found in Great Britain and Ireland. Edited by Epwarp
Nuwmay, F.L.S., F.Z.8., &. 8vo, price 12s.

ORNITHOLOGICAL RAMBLES IN SUSSEX, with a Catalogue of
the Birds of that County, and Remarks on their Local Distribution. By A. BH.
Knox, M.A., F.L.S., F.2.8. Third Edition, 7s. 6d.

AUTUMNS ON THE SPEY. By A. E. Knox, M.A., F.L.S. With
Four Illustrations by Wolf. Post 8vo, 6s.

THE IBIS. A Quarterly Journal of Ornithology. Edited by Osprrr
Sarvin, M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., &. 6s. each.

THE NATURAL HISTORY OF TUTBURY. By Sir Oswarp Mostey,
Bart., D.C.L., F.L.S8.: together with the Fauna and Flora of the district sur-
rounding Tutbury and Burton-on-Trent. By Epwin Brown. Royal 8vo,
with Nine Plates, £1 Is.

A HISTORY OF BRITISH FISHES. By Witt1am Yarrett, F.LS.,
V.P.Z.S. Third Edition. Edited by Sir Jonn Ricuarnson, C.B., F.BS.,
&e., &e. 2 vols. 8vo, £3 3s.

“This book ought to be largely circulated, not only on account of its scientific
merits—though these, as we have in part shown, are great and signal,—but
because it is popularly written throughout, and therefore likely to excite
general attention to a subject which ought to be held as one of primary import-
ance. Every one is interested about fishes—the political economist, the epicure,
the merchant, the man of science, the angler, the poor, the rich. We hail the
appearance of this book as the dawn of a new era in the natural history of
England.” — Quarterly Review, No. 116.

YARRELL.—GROWTH OF THE SALMON IN FRESH WATER.
With Six Coloured Illustrations of the Fish of the natural size, exhibiting its
', structure and exact appearance at various stages during the first two years.

' 12s, sewed.

JOHN VAN VOORST, 1 PATERNOSTER ROW.

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