F 121'
.3
PS
F3
nM
% n
:;• S\„ .
I'M
vs1*!
'■•,.;
■
'
\ if I i i.
■■ '•':■}. :
^^
■ ■
v. <**•**
hbl, stx
F 1219.3.P8F3 inillMnliara of P0,,erY types of
lilli"' i ' ^
t~7 ^< '[• St
>,
.
the
university of
Connecticut
libraries
o*
F
1219
.3
P8
F3
" ':
INSTITUTO INTER AMERICANO
Miscellaneous Papers, Archaeological Series No. 1
|
i ' |
||
|
HANDBOOK OF POTTERY TYPES |
||
|
DF NAYARIT, MEXICO |
||
|
by |
||
|
George E. Fay |
||
|
Department of Sociology and Anthropology |
||
|
Southern State College |
||
|
Magnolia, Arkansas |
V |
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2011 with funding from
LYRASIS members and Sloan Foundation
http://www.archive.org/details/handbookofpotterOOfayg
INTRODUCTION
With archaeological investigations steadily increasing in the west- ern coastal regions of Mexico, it becomes even more necessary to "begin "t ©-put- the-house- in-order" , so to speak. Robert Lister's recent pre- sentation, The Present Status of the Archaeology of Western Mexico* is a step in this direction, and adds to the general knowledge of this complex area.
To contribute to this archaeologic program, the author instigated surface surveys in the State of Sonora, beginning in 1953? and then ex- panding to Nayarit in 1955* These investigations are being conducted in conjunction with the Instituto Interamericano (Prof. Carl B. Comp- ton, Director), under the auspices of the Instituto Nacional de Antro- pologia e Historia (Direccion de Monumentos Prehispanicos, Drs. Eduardo Noguera and Ignacio Bernal), Mexico City.
Working with the ceramics of Sonora presents few problems 5 mainly, because of the preliminary work of earlier archaeologists, general af- filiation with Southwestern pottery types, and because of the less com- plicated nature of the pottery decoration. But working with the cera- mics further southward-*- in this case, Nayarit — one is beset with numer- ous difficulties. In many instances the pottery almost defies descrip- tion— being four, five or even six-color polychrome, with a generous addition of incising 1 Then, if not complicated enough already, a var- iety of influences are added from adjacent areas which either help or hinder analyses.
One immediately shudders at the thought of still another handbook with a conglomeration of pottery descriptions, and the possibility of hundreds of new type names, to be added to the literature. Perhaps it is premature to publish a handbook on the ceramic types of Nayarit at the present time, when only a relatively few sites have been systema- tically excavated. However, as investigations continue in the west, perhaps where applicable this Handbook will facilitate future studies. Perhaps it will also serve as a common guide to other researchers work- ing in areas peripheral to the state.
It would be most appropriate if the entire Handbook could be issued in one volume. However, due to a full teaching schedule, lack of print- ing facilities and money, it was thought best to issue the ceramic des- criptions on the installment plan, in loose-leaf edition. The style is thus comparable to Harold Colton's "Pottery Types of the Southwest" and James Griffin's "Prehistoric Pottery of the Eastern United States". This will permit additions and changes in the descriptions as more ma- terial becomes available.
Wherever possible, the Museum of Northern Arizona's system of cera- mic description has been followed (e.g., the 'Key to Rim Types'), mak-
University of Colorado Studies, Series in Anthropology, No. 5, May, 1955.
Ing minor changes here and there. :,<
No classification system is perfect; all are subject to change as knowledge increases. Therefore, all suggestions for changes in typo- logy and improvement in style are welcomed, so that the Handbook can be a useful working tool in the area.
Few of the pottery sherds occuring in the Aztatlan culture have to date been typed, except for a few "on-the-spur-of-the-moment" names eoncocted for early publication. "Violating the first rule of typology, the author has taken the liberty of changing two or three pottery type names to fit their descriptions as they apply specifically to the ma- terial within the State of Nayarit. This can be justified on the basis that the existing type names do not follow Colton's basic principles of nomenclature" (even though Carl Sauer and Donald Brand's report on the Aztatlan culture appeared five years before Colton's first hand- book! ) .
For example, the following three types "violate" the rules (2, 3 and h)'z (1) Plain 'Red-rimmed Red-on-buff (Sauer and Brand), (2) Decorat- ed Red-rimmed Red-on-buff (Sauer and Brand), and (3) Red-rim Decorated (Kelly).
"Rule 2.
The name of a Type, a Series, or a Ware must be a geographic name followed by a descriptive term. Ex- amples Kayenta Black-on-white; Mogollon Brown Ware."
None of the above-mentioned sherd types fulfill this obligation of geographic location.
"Rule 3.
Names should be as short as practicable (examples Chaco) and may be abbreviated if the geographic origi- nal is long and unwieldy (examples Kokopnyama, abbre- viated to Kokop)„"
Frankly, using the two type-names "Plain Red-rimmed Red-on-buff" and "Decorated Red-rimmed Red-on-buff" all in one sentence leaves one almost short-winded I Abbreviation certainly seems to be in order.
"Rule h.
Unnecessary adjectives should be omitted."
Again, it would seem that "Plain" or "Decorated Red-rimmed Red-on- buff" would fall in this category.
Therefore, the following substitutions have been made s (1) Tecuala Red-rimmed, for Plain Red-rimmed Red-on-buff, and (2) Tecuala Red-on-
Harold S. Colton and Lyndon L. Har grave, "Handbook of Northern Ari- zona Pottery Wares." Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 11 (1937), and Harold S. Colton's "Pottery Types of the Southwest", Museum of Northern Arizona Ceramic Series (1952 ff.), and "Potsherds", Bulletin 25 (19531, PP. 52^3": " "
buff ? for Decorated Red-rimmed Red-on-buff and Red-rim Decorated.
In addition, for a single type Sauer ' s "Aztatlan Ware" label is somewhat ambigious, especially when the aforementioned sherds are all of the same series. The word "ware" for a single, but related, type is misleading. In essence, this type is his Decorated Red-rimmed Red- on-buff (or now renamed, Tecuala Red-on-buff) to begin with, plus the addition of a white band around the bowl, in which appear various in- cised designs. Therefore, it is proposed to substitute the name "Az- tatlan Decorated" , which would permit any number of variations in de- coration technique of this particular type. It seems highly conceiv- able that two distinct varieties are bound to turn ups (a) the Decorat- ed Red-rimmed Red-on-buff (or Tecuala Red-on-buff) sherds which are in- cised around the exterior surface, but which will appear without the white painted band, and (2) the white band without the incisions. '''
In Isabel Kelly's reports on Chametla and Culiacan, Sinaloa, refer- ence is made to Sauer' s ceramic terminology, though she often includes her own phraseology — in this case, "Red-rim decorated". Several sherds were borrowed from Kelly's study collections at the Museum of Northern Arizona for the expressed purpose of noting the similarity of the cera- mics of the two areas. However, the writer found such little similar- ity that it seems unwise to refer to Nayarit and Sinaloa "Red-rim de- corated" in the same breathi Thus, again, it seemed best to make the necessary name changes so that in The future relationship problems will not arise.
On the other hand, for general purposes the continued use of "Red- rimmed Red-on-buff" or "Red-rim decorated" seems to be valid. One can refer to the "red-rimmed" or "red-on-buff" wares of the coastal area, be all inclusive, and the matter is thus self-explanatory. But x-rtien it comes to specific localities, refer to specific terminology.
Sample collections of sherd types from Nayarit will be placed in the following institutions, acting as depositories.
(1) Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, Direcci&n de
Monumentos Prehispanicos (Dr. Ignacio Bernal, Director), Mexico City.
(2) Instituto Interamericano (Prof. Carl B. Compton, Director),
Denton, Texas.
(3) Northern Arizona Society of Science and Art, Ceramic Deposi-
tory (Dr. Harold So Colton, Director), Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff, Arizona.
(*+) Museo de Antropologia e Historia, Tepic, Nayarit.
In addition, the author will retain a complete set of the pottery types for study and reference. When available, each institution will receive ten examples of each named type.
Cf., Isabel T. Kelly's "Excavations at Chametla, Sinaloa." Ibero- Americana, No. Ik (1938), Plate 7, fig. 2-
The guidance and helpful suggestions of Carl B. Compton and Albert E, Schroeder are greatly appreciated, although the author hastens to add that any errors are of his own doing I Furthermore, the fullest credit and appreciation are to be extended to The American Philosophi- cal Society (Penrose Fund) for its initial grant-in-aid for the summer of 1955 "which permitted a preliminary survey in western Mexico, includ- ing Nayarit. Also an additional grant-in-aid from The Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, Inc., in 1957, permitted fur- ther explorations in that state. The pottery descriptions stem large- ly from these investigations, although additional material was collect- ed during the summer of 1958, made possible by a third research grant — this from the Bollingen Foundation, Inc., of New York City.
For additional copies of the Handbook contact either the author or Prof. Carl B, Compton at the address given below.
George E. Fay October 1, 1959
This handbook is limited to 1000 copies, printed by the multilith process.
I would like to dedicate this ceramic study to Dr. Florence Hawley in appreciation of her efforts in a class of Southwestern Pottery several years ago — when I am certain, she thought that I would never learn to tell one pottery type from another 1 Errors in typology are undoubtedly due to not paying at- tention in class!
Instituto Interamericano
Prof. Carl B, Compton, Director
5133NT
Denton, Texas
/Yayarit
Nayarits 3-59 Red- on-Buff Ware
Type Name; TECUALA RED- ON-BUFF
Synonyms; Decorated Red-rimmed Red-on-buff (Sauer-Brand, 1932)° Red- rim decorated (Kelly, 1938, 19^5).
Cultural. Affinity : Aztatlan.
DESCRIPTION;
Method of Construction; Coiled.
Firing Technique; Oxidizing Atmosphere.
CORE;
Color: Reddish- yellow to light brown, with some carbon streak. In- completely fired sherds may have a grey center core.
Temper; Abundant 5 fine, though an occasional coarse grain — round and angular crushed quartz sand: white, grey, and black-colored grains; not conspicious on vessel surfaces due to the im- pacted surface condition caused by polishing. Occasionally flakes of copper-colored mica are visible on exterior sur- faces.
Texture: Homogeneous, hard; well fired.
Hardness: 2-2.5
Fracture: Slightly crumbling.
SURFACE FINISH:
Colors Red-on-buff, but specifically (1) Munsell: Dusky Red on Red- dish Yellow; or, (2) Maerz-Paul: Burnt Sienna on Formosa, and in varying degrees due to firing inconsistencies.
Color Systems: Munsell: 10R 3.5A on 5YR 6/6.
Maerz-Paul: 5 F 12 on 12 A 8.
Treatment: usually unslipped, but an occasional sherd may have a surface wash the same color as the paste. The majority of jar exteriors are well polished, leaving an impacted sur- face, which (generally) hides temper extrusions. Occas- ionally exterior surfaces are only smoothed, and not pol- ished, or may indicate polishing only over the motif area.
f
Jar interior surfaces are evenly- to-roughly smoothed, with horizontal "brush marks often visible. Bowl exterior and in- terior surfaces are usually polished, though varying in de- gree. An occasional bowl sherd indicates polishing on the interior surface, while only being smoothed on the exterior.
Fire Clouds: Not present.
DECORATION:
Paint: Dusky (fugitive) red or its variations, mineral (type: hema- tite?).
Location: A narrow or wide band on the lip, overlapping both the exter ior and interior surfaces. Occasionally a single encircling band (ca. 2 mm. thick), under the rim, occurs on jar exteriors, and from one to three such lines on bowl interiors „ Decora- tions usually pendant from the rim band or encircling lines. Jar decorations are limited to the exterior surface, while either the bowl exterior or interior surface is decorated, al- though usually not both. Most often the design pattern is con- fined within a broad horizontal zone by narrow framing lines. The interior bowl pattern may constitute an open circle elemei$
Type: Geometric designs.
Elements: Parallel, horizontal encircling lines around the vessel, or short parallel vertical lines in the design motif 5 "squiggle" diagonal hatchures, stepped zig-zag lines, ticked lines 5 scrolls, interlocking rectangular or triangular scrolls, scal-j loped triangles, right triangles; single dots, dot in square, dot in circle, dots in a diamond; dashes; diamond cross hat- chures, checkerboard, checkerboard with a red dot in the red shaded area; etc.
Execution: Brushwork free and bold, sometimes rather careless and slop]
py.
FORM:
Mouth (Key: Museum of Northern Arizona, Rim Types):
Rim: Bowls: IA2 , IA3, IA7, IBl+, IE2, VA3 ; Jars: IB3 . (Cf., cross- section illustrations.)
Lip: Rounded; round pointed, or slightly beveled on the exterior or interior (when this beveling is less pronounced, the lip is rounded in an arc continuous with the curve of the rim) ; rare- ly flattened or thickened; all these are exemplified in the above key.
Body Form: Shallow and deep bowls, usually hemispherical with slightly incurved or straight lip; wide and narrow mouthed jars with short, slightly flaring necks.
1
Base; Incomplete data. Bowls: circular flattened, or annular* Jars: unknown, but probably the same.
Wall Thickness : h to C ram. 5 average thickness 6-7 rnm„
A p pe nda g e s s N one .
TYPE IviAT_ER_IAL :
No whole vessels known at present. This study (1955) was based upon 66 sherds: 29 rimsherds, 37 body sherds, and verified by additional specimens collected in 1957, 1958.
Rimsherd Cross-Sections
Jars
Bowls
^'
IB3
H
IA3 if|?
M
^7
i . 'I
^
M
/-■
f
IB3
M pi
IB3
..>
^IB3
S
^3 fe^i fett V:
Kv ."I
IA7
P
IA7
i M
IA7
I ■■-, 3
-^
T^>ii
11
fer
IA--EH
IE2
'..I
IA2 — Interior
(Rim Type Classification: Museum of Northern Arizona)
VA3
Exterior
Type Site: K12:l (Instituto Interamericano Key).
Site Area: Tecuala-Acaponeta,
Date Specimens Found: 22 July 1955
Date Specimens Typed: 26 February 1956
1!
Type Specimens; Author, Sherd No.; Nay-K12:1:T-A. Co-type sherds in collections of the (a) Instituto Interamericano (Denton, Tex- as): K12:l; (b) Museum of Northern Arizona Ceramic Depository (Flagstaff, Arizona): AT 10866-10873; (c) Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, Departamento de Monumentos Fre- hispanicos (Mexico City, D.F.): 5 and, (d) Museo de
Antropologia e Historia (Tepic, Nayarit):
I
Instituto Interamericano Miscellaneous Papers 1
Archaeological Series No. 1
Nay<?r*t,
Riwsherds
(Exf erIofv*Surf aces )
To^iia.^, Rgd-on-BufJl
(Natural Size)
Rimsherds (Interior Surfaces)
Nayarit
^titvtc
Tecimla R®d-on~Buff (Natural Size)
Body Sherds (Exterior Surfaces)
Nayarit
Mrtnt n
Tecuala Red-on-Buff
(Natural Size)
Body Sherds 'Interior Surfaces)
Nayarlt
o 1
t 3 4
Metric
fc
Teeuala Red-on-buff (Natural Size)
p
Nayarit
a
•Interior Exterior-^
(a) Exterior Surface Decorated Sherds •
Mil
t g h
(b) Interior Surface Decorated Sherds .
♦-Interior Exterior-*
i i i
' Metric
Profiles of Tecuala Red-on-buff Rimsherds (as illustrated on previous pages)
Nayarit: 3-59 Red- on-Buff Ware
(Sub- type) Type. Name ; TECUALA RED- ON -BUFF, RIM INCISED
S ynonyns ; Not separately distinguished from Plain, or Decorated, Red-rimmed Red-on-buff (Sauer-Brand, 1932).
Cultural Affinity : Aztatlan .
DESCRIPTION ;
Pottery construction, decoration techniques, etc., are the same as described for Tecuala Red-on-Buff (Decorated Red-rimmed Red-on-buff).
PECORATION s
This sub-type differs only in having a shallow incised line encir- cling the vessel exterior immediately below the framing rim band. In some cases this line is barely discernable, except upon close exami- nation:; less than -§- mm. incision.
Found on either the plain or decorated red-on-buff ware, though more often on the latter .
TYPE MATERIAL;
12 rimsherds (none of the same vessel) collected in 1955 ! verified by additional specimens obtained in 1957, 1958.
Type Site; K12;l (Institute Interamericano Key).
Site Area; Tecuala-Acaponeta.
Date Specimens Found; 22 July 1955
Date Specimens Typed; 26 February 1956
Type Specimens; Author, Sherd No.; Nay-K12;1;T-C. Co-type sherds in collections of the (a) Institute Interamericano (Denton, Tex- as); K12;l; (b) Museum of Northern Arizona Ceramic Depository (Flagstaff, Arizona); AT 10871+~10876$ (c) Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, Departamento de Monument os Pre- hispanicos (Mexico City, D.F.); ; and, (d) Museo ds
Antropologia e Historia (Tepic, Nayarit);
I.I.M.P., A.S.No. 1
Nayarit
Rimsherds (Exterior Surfaces)
Metric
Tecuala Red- on-buff «, Rim Incised (Natural Size)
Nayarit
a bed
Exterior-*
h
U
n
Metric
Profiles of Tecuala Red-on-buff t Rim Incised. Rimsherds
Nayarit; 3-59
Red- on-Buff Ware
Type Name; TECUALA RED-RIMMED
Sync jjiyns ; Plain Red-rimmed Red-on-buff (Sauer-Brand, 1932). Cultural Affinity; Aztatlan,
DESCRIPTION;
Pottery construction, core features, surface finish, and form are the same as described for Tecuala Red-on-Buff (Decorated Red-rimmed Red- on-buff) .
DECORATION;
Consists only of a narrow or wide band on the lip, overlapping both the exterior and interior rim surfaces, though in each case one or the other is accented. The remainder of the vessel is undecorated, being of plain buff color. A utility ware.
TYPE MATERIAL s
7 rimsherds (none of the same vessel) collected in 1955. Stated by Sauer and Brand to occur in "moderate frequency" on their Acaponeta sites.
Type Site;
K12;l (Instituto Interamericano Key).
Site Area; Tecuala-Acaponeta
Date Specimens Found; 22 July 1955
Date Specimens Typed; 26 February 1956
Type Specimens; Author, Sherd No..; Nay-K12;1;T-B. Co- type sherds in collections of the (a) Instituto Interamericano (Denton, Tex-
as); K12;l (Flagstaff
5 (b) Museum of Northern Arizona Ceramic Depository , Arizona); AT ; (c) Instituto Nacional
de Antropologia e Historia, Departamento de Monumentos Pre-
hispanicos (Mexico City, D.F.); Antropologia e Historia (Tepic, Nayarit)
and, (d) Museo de
I.I.M.P., A.S.No. 1
Nayarit Rlmsherds
M| |a (Exterior Surfaces) W A
I f (Interior % f I
1 J 1 j 1 M
Metric Tecuala Red-rimmed
(Natural Size)
ITayarit: .10-59 Cype Name; N0VILL0S RIBBED
Modeled Ware
3ynonyns ; Fluted Ware (Sauer-Brand, 1932) 5 apparently all varieties of channeling, grooving or fluting were lumped into one type.
Cultural Affinity; Aztatlan.
DESCRIPTION:
Method of Construction; Coiled. Firing Technique; Reducing Atmosphere.
CORE;
Color
Temper
Grey center, brown to brick-red toward the outer surfaces; some carbon streak.
Sparse to moderate; very minute (sand?) white specks, with oc- casional coarse, round or angular quartz sand grains; usually red, brown or black; not visible on vessel exterior due to the impacted surface caused by smoothing or heavy polishing; most conspicuous in cross-section, and occasionally visible on the rough interior surface.
Texture; Fine; hard ware. Bell-like ring when struck.
Hardness: 2.5-3
Fractures Slightly crumbling to shattering.
SURFACE FINISH;
Color; Black-brown, tut specifically (1) Munsell; Variational shades of dark brown to very dark grey, or black-brown; or, (2) Maerz-Paul; shades of Bison, Elk Lama, Biskra.
Color Systems
Munseil; 7.5YR 3/2 to 5^R 3/1 Maerz-Paul; 16 A 10 to 16 A 12
Treatment: Unslipped. Some exterior surfaces are well polished, others smoothed to a lesser degree. On the roughly smoothed exterior surfaces, crystalline specks are readily visible; on the well polished surfaces, the temper extrusions are hidden. Some in- terior surfaces are roughly smoothed, others as well polished
fc as the exterior. Horizontal brush marks occasionally visible on unpolished interiors.
Fire Clouds? Probably not present, though there is some indication that fire clouds might possibly occur on ware not well fired.
DECORATION:
Technique
A series of channels on the body proper, running either spirally or diagonally, or vertically; uncertain about the possibility of horizontal channeling. Channeling varies fro 2 to h mm. in width, with approximately 1 to 5 mm. distance between channels ; very shallow grooving, measuring less than •§- mm. in depth. The polished-surface sherds seem to have the least amount of space between channels; the space in- creases with the roughness of the sherd surface (at least so indicated by the present sherd collection).
Locations Difficult to tell the entire distribution of channeling wit present sherds. Probably the majority of the vessel surface is so decorated, pendant from the neck, petering out near th base. One sherd (apparently of a goblet) indicates an unde- rrated neck, with the channeling starting about 2-3" below the rim.
Executions Rather uniform, fairly well done.
FORM;
Mouth; Data unavailable at present due to the lack of rimsherds. Rims Unknown.
Lip; Body Form:
Bases
Unknown .
Data lacking. In Isabel Kelly's Chametla, Sinaloa, report (Ibero-Americana , 1^, 1938) are pictured (a) a black spiral- ly fluted and incised goblet (Plate 12. fig. a), but which she classifies as a trade ware, and (b) a modeled (ribbed) black-ware jar (Plate 11, fig. c). Probably 'Novillos Rib- bed' then is comparable to both of these illustrated forms.
Unknown from present material, but probably rounded to somewhat flattened when legs are present (jars, bowls), flattened (for goblets).
Wall Thickness s 5 to 7 mm.
Appendages s None, other than the possibility of tripod legs.
TYPE MATERIALS Original typing (1955) based on five unrelated body ffJ sherds .
Type Site; K12;l (Instituto Interamericano Key).
Site Area; Tecuala-Acaponeta.
Date Specimens Founds 22 July 1955"
Date Specimens Typed; 3 March 1959
Type Specimens: Author, Sherd No.; Nay-K12;1;NR. Co- type sherds in
collections of the (a) Instituto Interamericano (Denton, Tex- as); K!2:l; (b) Museum of Northern Arizona Ceramic Depository (Flagstaff, Arizona); ; (c) Instituto Nacional
de Antropologia e Historia. Departamento de Monumentos Prehis- panicos (Mexico City, D.F.): ; and, (d) Museo
de Antropologia e Historia (Tepic, Nayarit); .
Instituto Interamericano Miscellaneous Papers Archaeological Series No. 1
Body Sherds (Exterior Surfaces)
(Natural Size)
Novillos Ribbed
Nayarit: 10-59
'Type Names N0VILL0S FLUTED
Modeled Hare
Synonyns : Fluted Ware (Saner-Brand, 1932); Culiacan Fluted Ware? (Kelly, 19^5).
Cultural Affinity: Aztatlan.
DESCRIPTION;
Method of Construction; Coiled.
Firing Technique; Oxidizing Atmosphere.
CORE
Color
(a) Light yellowish to reddish-brown, matching the vessel sur- face; sometimes a carbon streak; (b) Dark grey center, brown to brick-red toward outer surfaces; carbon streak, (a simply in- dicates more thorough firing.)
Temper i Moderate; very minute (sand?) specks, with occasional coarse, round or angular quartz sand grains; usually red, brown or black; most conspicuous in cross-section, but occasionally vis- ible compacted into vessel surface by smoothing or polishing.
Texture; Fine; hard ware, with a bell-like ring when struck.
Hardness; 2.5-3
Fracture; Slightly crumbling to shattering.
SURFACE FINISH;
Colors Varies from yellow-brown to terra cotta, or more specifically: (1) Munsell: Light yellowish, or light reddish, brown; or, (2) Maerz-Paul: Shades of Dorado to Honey Beige, and Formosa to El- dorado.
Color Systems: Munsell: 1CYR 6A; 5^R 5.5A
Maerz-Paul: 12 C 6, 12 A 8 to 12 B 12
Treatment: Unslipped. Some sherds highly polished on both exterior and Interior surfaces; others smoothed in lesser degree; both exter- ior and interior surfaces (of the same sherd) seem to be treated the same, whichever the case may be — smoothing or polishing. By in large, temper extrusions are hidden by impaction caused by smoothing, though an occasional angular sand grain may be visi- ble. Seems to be somewhat comparable to paste, color, finish of Kelly's Culia can Dun Ware and Culiacan Fluted Ware (cf., "Exca-
<riti
II
vat ions at Culiacan, Sinaloa," I -A 25, pp. 87, 89). Fire Clouds: Not present.
DECORATION;
Technique; A series of wide channels, in the form of smooth concave fur: rows, occuring below the exterior rim — either spirally or diag- onally, perhaps vertically. Kelly's Chametla report (Plate 6, fig. d) illustrates horizontal fluting. She states (Culiacan report, p. 89) that channeling "are not noneffaced structural coils but have been ^dded after smoothing." Her depository specimen at the Museum of Northern Arizona (AT 8156) appears rather wash-boardy. Neither the Novillos Ribbed or Fluted ap- pear to have this pronounced an effect; thus may have been con- structed in the original surface.
Location; Kelly further states (Culiacan report, p. 89) that "fluting extends from rim to shoulder, rarely below", and her diagram (fig. M+, p. 86) illustrates this horizontal fluting. However, the sherds described herein (Novillos Fluted) are not horizon-' tally fluted, and thus probably cover a larger amount of the exterior vessel surface. The diagonal flutes would seem more to cover the entire vessel, perhaps petering out at the base.
Execution: "Varies from carefully made and uniform flutes to more hur- ried, crude furrows.
FORM:
Mouth (Key: Museum of Northern Arizona, Rim Types):
Rims Bowls IIA2 (for only rimsherd available in present collection]
Lips Round pointed, but undoubtedly other types occur.
Body Form: Data lacking. In Kelly's Chametla report are pictured (a) s black spirally fluted and incised goblet (Plate 12, fig. a), bn which she calls a trade ware; (b) a modeled (ribbed) black-ware jar (Plate 11, fig. c); and, (c) a modeled black-ware jar (plai lV, fig. c). In the Culiacan report, (a) fluted ware, with tr: pod legs TPlate 6, fig. d), and (b) collared jar (Plate 7, fig, c); alno "low bellied, squat bowls. .. .shallow, flaring tripod bowls or plates (fig. ^f, h)." Probably Novillos Fluted is con parable to some of these illustrated forms.
Base: Unknown from present material, but probably rounded to somewhat flattened when legs are present (jars, bowls).
Wall Thickness: h to 6 mm.
Appendages: None, except for the possibility of tripod legs.
i\
>TYPE MATERIAL; Initially k sherds : 1 rimsherd, 3 body sherds; other comparisons from the literature.
Type Site; K12:l (Instituto Interamericano Key).
Site Area : Tecuala-Acaponeta.
Date Specimens Found: 22 July 1955
Date Specimens Typed: 3 March 1959
Type Specimens: Author, Sherd No.: Nay-K12:1:NF. Co-type sherds in
collections of the (a) Instituto Interamericano (Denton, Tex- as)": K12:l; (b) Museum of Northern Arizona Ceramic Depository (Flagstaff, Arizona): ; (c) Instituto Nacion-
al^de Antropologia e Historia, Departamento de Monumentos Prehispanicos (Mexico City, D.F.): ; and, (d)
Museo de Antropologia e Historia (Tepic, Nayarit): .
institute) Interamericano Miscellaneous Publications Archaeological Series No. 1
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Descriptive
Ekholm, Gordon F.
19Li-2. "Excavations at Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico." Anthropologi- cal Papers of The American Museum of Natural History, Vol. ZXXVIII, Part II, 139 pp.
Gifford, E. W.
1950. "Surface Archaeology of Ixtlan del Rio, Nayarit." Univer- sity of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. M-3, Wo. 2, pp. 183-302. " "
Kelly, Isabel T.
1938. "Excavations at Chametla, Sinaloa." Ibero-Americana , Wo. lh, 109 pp.
191+5» "Excavations at Culiacan, Sinaloa." Ibero-Americana «, Wo. 25, 233 PP.
19J+5. "The Archaeology of the Autlan-Tuxcacuesco Area of Jalisco. Is The Autlan Zone." Ibero-Americana , No. 26, 98 pp.
191+9. "The Archaeology of the Autlan-Tuxcacuesco Area of Jalisco. II; The Tuxcacuesco-Zapotitlan Zone." Ibero-Americana , Wo. 27, 292 pp.
Sauer, Carl, and Donald Brand
1932. "Aztatlan. Prehistoric Mexican Frontier on the Pacific Coast." Ibero-Americana , No. 1, 93 pp.
Technical
Colton, Harold S., and Lyndon L. Hargrave
1937. "Handbook of Northern Arizona Pottery Wares." Museum of Worthern Arizona Bulletin Wo. 11, 267 pp.
Colton, Harold S., editor
1952-1956. "Pottery Types of the Southwest." Museum of Northern Arizona, Ceramic Series, Nos. 1, 2, 3A, 3B, 3C.
Griffin, James B., editor
1950-1953. "Prehistoric Pottery of the Eastern United States." University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, Ceramic Series.
Hawley. Florence M.
I930. "Field Manual of Prehistoric Southwestern Pottery Types." The University of New Mexico Bulletin No. 291 (Anthropolo- gical Series, Vol. 1, No. *+), April 22, 126 pp.
Maerz, A., and M. Rea Paul
1950. A Dictionary of Color. New York (McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. ) . 208 pp., inc. 56 plates .
March, Benjamin
~L9ih. "Standards of Pottery Description." Occasional Contribu- tions from the Museum of Anthropology, University of Michi-1 gan, No. 3 ? February T0^~5TpF»
Munsell Color Company
195li-. Munsell Soil Color Charts. Baltimore (Munsell Color Com- pany, Iiic7T7~!+ pp., 8 chroma charts.
Ritchie, William A., and Richard S. MacNeish
19^9. "The Pre-Iroquoian Pottery of New York State." American Antiquity, Vol. XV, No. 2, October, pp. 97-12*f.
Additional Bibliography;
(1) Descriptive ;
Kelly, Isabel
194-8. "Ceramic Provinces of Northwest Mexico." El Occidente de Mexico. Cuarta Reunion de Mesa Redonda sobre Problemas An- tropol6giccs de Mexico y Central America. Mexico „
Lister 9 Robert
195?. "The Present Status of the Archaeology of Western Mexico i A Distributional Study." University of Colorado Studies, Ser- ies in Anthropology No. 5, May, 183 PP.
Nunez, Jose Corona
195J+» "Diferentes tipos de tumbas prehispanicas en Nayarit." Yan (Ciencias Antropologicas) , No. 3? PP. ^6-50.
Noguera, Eduardo
1932. "Extensiones cronologico-culturales y geograficas de las
eeramicas de Mexico." Proceedings , XXV Congreso Internacional de Americanistas (La Plata, Argentina).
(2) Technical :
Colton, Harold S.
1953 • "Potsherds." An Introduction to the Study of Prehistoric
Southwestern Ceramics and Their Use in Historic Reconstruct- ion." Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin, No. 255 January, 86 pp.
Serrano, Antonio
1952 . Normas para la descripcion de la ceramica arqueologica „ Institute de Arqueologia. Linguistica y Folklore Pamphlet XXIV (Cordoba, Argentina;, April, 23 pp.
University of Connecticut
Libraries
;;Si;:SV
'■■.:'•'■■