Ex Libris Quos
INSTITUTION! SMITHSONIANAE
Anno MCMY Donavit
Accesio N.
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA.
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SWZ,
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AT CAYTSUIROOCNES.
ADIANTUM HISPIDULUM. (Sw.)
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BAZ HANDBOOK
TO THE
“FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA.
CEYLON AND THE MALAY PENINSULA.
Late Conservator of Forests, Ma
Author of “ The Ferns of British India,” ‘* The Ferns of Southern India,’’
“The Flora Sylvatica of Southern India,” &c., &c.
WITH THREE HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS. .
CALCUTTA :
TAACKER, “SPINK, AND: Co.
_ Bompay: THACKER & Co., Lim.; Mapras: HIGGINGBOTHAM & Co.:
Lonpon :. W. THACKER & Co.
1883.
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HIS handbook is a digest of the information on Indian
ems. contained in Sir W:Hooker's “Species. Filicum,*
the “Synopsis Filicum,” Mr. J. Smith’s “ Historia Filicum,”
also of Mr. Clarke’s ‘Ferns of Northern India,” and of the
author’s works, “‘The Ferns of Southern India” and “ The
Ferns of British India.”
The author's former works were compiled in India,
without access to libraries or to any herbarium with
typical specimens. He has now had the advantage of going
thoroughly through the Wallichian ferns at the Linnean,
the large collections at Kew and in he British Museum,
and of comparing his own collections with typical forms ;
he is, besides, indebted for much assistance to Messrs.
Baker and Clarke, especially in the determination of all
Critical forms, so that he has been able, he believes, to
clear up many doubts and to correct manv errors.
Vi PREFACE.
The generic nomenclature is, with few exceptions, that
of the “Synopsis Filicum,” but the sub-genera have been
raised to the rank of genera; this avoids the inconvenience
of double generic names, and may be admitted on this score
even by those who do not consider the wide difference in
habit of such genera as Phegopteris, Polypodium, Pleopeltis,
and Drynaria of any value generically, and who base their
genera on the sori alone, without reference to habit, vena--
tion, or vernation.
The geographical limits of the work comprise the whole
of British India, Ceylon and the Malay Peninsula.
WEST HILL, PUTNEY,
May, 1833.
ISSA MONA lich
ORDERS, TRIBES, AND GENERA OF FERNS
me FOLLOWED IN THIS WORK.
[oR DER HILICES.
SUB-ORDER I.—GLEICHENIACE,
GENUS. PaGE.
Capsules opening vertically, surrounded by a broad
transverse complete ring : : ; ost .GUPICHE NTA | 0 aiez
SUB-ORDER II.—POLYPODIACEAZ.
Capsules surrounded by a jointed, vertical and elastic
ring.
A. INVOLUCRATA. Sort with an industum, except
in Alsophila.
@RISE I.—CYATHEA.
Sori globose, capsules sessile or stalked, often on ,
a raised receptacle. Indusium (wanting in Alsophila)
inferior, including the sorus, lateral and resembling
a scale, or cup-shaped, often when young enveloping
the sorus, eventually opening at the summit, or
breaking down with a more or less regular nen
caudex generally arborescent.
Receptacle elevated, indusium globose, inferior, quite
covering the sorus when young, : é a2) CYATIOR Ate oie ass
Indusium a cup-like scale below the sorus, but never
quite covering it, veins free . ; : ~ g AMPHICOSMIA so. 7s
Indusium none i : : : : ; . 4 ALSOPHILA Teil
Receptacles not elevated, indusium inferior globose . 5 DIACALPE . ars
Indusium umbrella-shaped, six-lobed , : - (6 MATONIA . Pree
Vill TABLE OF THE GENERA OF FERNS.
TRIBE II.—DICKSONIEZE.
Sorl globose, indusium inferior, subglobose, free,
sometimes covering the whole sorus, closed, at length
bursting irregularly, more frequently cup-shaped
entire or with two lips.
Fertile fronds contracted with revolute margins,
indusium hemispherical, very fugacious or wanting,
veins free
Indusium thin, subglobose, open at the top and
laciniate
Indusium medial on a vein, thick globose pedicellate,
bursting into two lips
Indusium apical on a vein, two-valved
Indusium apical on a vein, cup-shaped
TRIBE IT]L.—HYMENOPHYLLELU1.
Filmy ferns, indusium inferior, apical on a vein,
two-lipped or tubular.
Indusium more or less two-lipped
Indusium tubular, the mouth truncate or slightly two-
lipped .
TRIBE IV.—DAVALLIE#.
Indusium squamiform, suborbicular or tubular,
open at the apex, fastened broadly at the base, and
sometimes at the sides.
‘Indusium apical on a vein, suborbicular coriaceous,
attached by a broad base, the sides free.
Indusium as in Humata, but thin and smaller and
narrower
Indusium a subcylindric cyst formed of the substance
of the frond, apical on the veins
Indusium apical, tubular, attached by the base and
sides
Indusium apical, half cup-shaped, attached by the
base and sides
GENUS. Pace.
7 STRUTHIOPTERIS
8 WoopDsIiA
Qg PERANEMA.
10 CIBOTIUM
11 DENNSTADTIA
12 HYMENOPHYLLUM
13 TRICHOMANES
14 HUMATA
15 LEUCOSTEGIA
. 16 PROSAPTIA .
17 DAVALLIA .
18. MICROLEPIA
20
28
46
48
56
58
62
TABLE OF THE GENERA OF
FERNS.
Indusium apical, compound, suborbicular, only open at
the top :
Indusium medial on a vein membranaceous, hood-
like ,
TRIBE V.—LINDSAYE“.
a
Indusium apical on the veins, in a continuous or
interrupted line, the outer valve being the margin of
the frond, the inner membranaceous.
Veins free
Veins anastomosirg .
TRIBE VI.—PTERIDEZ.
Indusium oblong or linear, formed of the more or
less changed and reflexed margin of the frond, open-
ing inwardly.
Indusium globose to linear usually many and distinct,
sometimes confluent and continuous, bearing the
capsules on its under side, veins free
Indusium roundish and distinct, or more or less con-
fluent but not continuous, capsules on the frond.
Indusium as in Pteris, the ultimate segments of fronds
small and very narrow .
As in Pellzea, but fronds dimorphic
Indusium quite continuous, sori at first dot-like, but
soon running into a line
Indusium quite continuous, sori linear continuous,
occupying a slender filiform receptacle in the axis
of the indusium, veins free
As in Pteris, but lowest veins meeting and forming
an arch : i 3 :
As in Pteris, but veins all anastomosing without free
included veinlets . ‘ E
As in -Pteris, but veins all anastomosing with some
free included veinlets
GENUS.
19 STENOLOMA
20 CYSTOPTERIS
21 LINDSAYA.
22 SCHIZOLOMA
23 ADIANTUM
24 CHEILANTHES
25 ONYCHIUM
26 CRYPFOGRAMME
27 PELLAZA
28 PTrERIS
29 CAMPTERIA
30 DORYOPTERIS
31 LITOBROCHIA
PAGE.
, 92
77
104
116
120
- 120
x TABLE OF THE GENERA OF FERNS.
GENUS. PaGE.
Anomalous. } : cones : i . 32 CERATOPTERIS an E23
Inudusium continuous, sori linear, continuous, covering
all or nearly all the space between the midrib and
margin, fronds dimorphous, capsule ring vertical . 33 LOMARIA . - 125
As in Lomaria, but capsule ring oblique . ; . 34 PLAGIOGYRIA . 127
TRIBE VII.—BLECHNE:.
Indusium linear or oblong parallel with the midrib
and opening towards it, not near the margin.
Indusium membranaceous, distinct from the margin of
the frond, parallel with and usually contiguous to
the midrib, veins free . : : ; ; . 35 BLECHNUM eo
As in Blechnum, only veins anastomosing ; . 36 BLECHNIDIUM . 133
Indusium linear-oblong, thick, in single rows parallel
with and near the midrib, sori sunk in cavities - 37 WoOODWARDIA . 135
Indusium lunate, thin, in one or more rows, parallel
with and near the midrib, sori not sunk A .. 33 Doon : anes
TRIBE VIII.—ASPLENIE/!.
Indusium linear or oblong or horseshoe-shaped,
opening towards the midrib, sometimes double, sori
attached to the veins.
Indusium linear, single, veins free, their apices com-
bined by a transverse marginal vein : : . 39 THAMNOPTERIS . 137
Indusium linear or oblong single, veins free. . 40 ASPLENIUM >) ee
As in Asplenium, but indusium more or less curved . 41 ATHYRIUM » Lon
As in Asplenium, but indusium double. Q . 42 DIPLAZIUM EA
Asin Diplazium, but veins anastomosing . : . 43 ANISOGONIUM _. IOI
Asin Asplenium, but veins anastomosing obliquely
only towards margin of frond ‘ : ‘ . 44 HEMIDICTYUM . 194
Indusium sausage-shaped, veins anastomosing and
forming elongated areoles’. ; ; : . 45 ALLANTODIA . 195
Indusium linew elongated, submarginal, fronds fan-
likes S %. : : ‘ ; : : : . 46 ACTINIOPTERIS » 1G7
I
TABLE OF THE GENERA OF
FERNS.
TRIBE IX.—ASPIDIE.
Indusium superior, elliptical, subglobose or reni-
form fixed either by the centre or a sinus.
Indusium elliptical, emarginate at the base, attached
longitudinally to the linear receptacle, veins free
Indusium of Didymochlzna habit, and venation of
Nephrodium
Indusium orbicular, veins free .
Indusium orbicular, veins generally anastomosing
acutely with free veinlets from their junction .
Indusium peltate orbicular, or reniform, veins co-
piously anastomosing with free included veinlets
Indusium reniform, veins only slightly anastomosing .
Indusium reniform, veins free
Indusium reniform, one or more of the lower veinlets
anastomosing with the corresponding one of the
next group
As in Lastrea, but always simply pinnate, the pinnz
articulated and furnished with white dots above
As in Lastrea, but wide creeping and scandent with
jointed stems and entire fronds
B. EXINVOLUCRATA. —Sov2 without an indusiun.
TRIBE X.—POLYPODIE:.
Sori on the back of the lobes, round or rarely
somewhat oblong.
Stipes continuous with the caudex, habit of Lastrea,
veins free
Stipes continuous with caudex, venation and habit of
Nephrodium
Stipes continuous with caudex, venation and habit of
Aspidium
Stipes articulated with caudex, veins fiee .
Veins forming regular areoles, the lower one or more
with a free included soriferous veinlet
GENUS.
47 DIDYMOCHLANA
48 MESOCHLZANA
49 POLYSTICHUM
50 CyRTOMIUM
51 ASPIDIUM
52 PLEOCNEMIA
53 LASTREA
54 NEPHRODIUM
55 NEPHROLEPIS
56 OLEANDRA
57 PHEGOPTERIS
58 GONIOPTERIS
59 DICTYOPTERIS
60 POLYPODIUM
61 GONIOPHLEBIUM
x1
PAGE.
199
- 199
. 201
Bb Zael
. 288
316
Xi TABLE OF THE GENERA OF FERNS.
Areoles copious, each with two or more sori, fronds
always simple and woolly beneath .
Fronds flabellate in two halves, veins copiously anas-
tomosing
Fronds either with the base oak-leaf-like, or with
separate sterile oak-leaf-like small fronds
Fronds various, veins copiously anastomosing with
free included veinlets
TRIBE XI.—GRAMMITIDE/‘.
Sori on the back of the lobes more than twice as
long as broad, usually linear.
As in Cheilanthes, but without an indusium, sori
though oblong or roundish at first, soon confluent
into a continuous line
Sori linear, close to midrib on both sides, fronds
grass-like
Sori linear or linear-oblong, otherwise as in Phegop-
teris .
As in Nephrodium, but sori linear
Habit of Cheilanthes, sori linear, veins free
Habit of Polypodium, sori linear, veins generally
united by transverse veinlets near margin
As in Pleopeltis, with copiously anastomosing veins,
sori linear, stipes articulate with caudex
As in Selliguea, but stipes not articulate and fronds
leathery
Anomalous, veins arcuately anastomosing at the base,
forming costal areoles . 9 : ; :
As in Goniopteris, but sori elongated or confluent
Sori carried along the veins imperfectly articulated,
fronds simple
Grass-like ferns, sori in continuous marginal lines,
vems free ; : : : , :
GENUS. PaGe.
62 NIPHOBOLUS 324
63 DIPTERIS 334
64 DRYNARIA. 338
65 PLEOPELTIS 344
66 NOTHOLZNA . 373
67 MONOGRAMME 375
68 LEPTOGRAMME . 377
69 STEGNOGRAMME, 380
70 GYMNOGRAMME. 380
71 SYNGRAMME 384
72 SELLIGUEA . 389
73 LOXOGRAMME 392
74 BRAINEA 395
75 MENISCIUM 397
76 ANTROPHYUM . 40I
77 VITTARIA » 404
' TABLE OF THE GENERA OF
Sori in a continuous linear, or interrupted central or
submarginal line, veins reticulated, fronds pinnate .
As in Tenitis, but fronds simple and dimorphous
Veins copiously reticulated and completely soriferous.
TRIBE XII.—ACROSTICHE.
Sori not confined to the veins, but spread entirely
over the frond beneath.
Fronds simple, veins free .
Fronds pinnate, Lomaria-like, veins all simple or
sometimes arcuate at the base ; scandent ferns
Fronds pinnate, not Lomaria-Jike, veinsall simple ;
not scandent
Similar to Elaphoglossum, but with a connecting
vein running round the margin
Veins copiously anastomosing with free included
veinlets
Veins copiously anastomosing without free included
veinlets. Sea-coast fern : : : ;
Drynaria-like fronds, pinne articulated, but stipe
adherent to caudex
Fronds with stag’s-horn-like divisions, vernation
articulate, sori in large patches only on the fertile
fronds .
SUB-ORDER III.—OSMUNDACEZ.,
Capsules two-valved, opening across the apex,
furnished with a short horizontal ring
SUB-ORDER IV.—SCHIZ AACE.
Capsule two-valved, opening down the side,
crowned by a complete operculiform ring.
Capsules sessile in 2-4 rows on one side of close
spikes .
FERNS.
GENUS.
78 TANITIS
79 DRYMOGLOSSUM .
80 HEMIONITIS
STENOCHLANA
POLYBOTRYA
ACONIOPTERIS
85 GYMNOPTERIS
86
ACROSTICHUM
87
88 PLATYCERIUM
89 OSMUNDA .
90 SCHIZFA
ELAPHOGLOSSUM.
PHOTINOPTERIS.
416
Aen
- 424
» 429
» 429
. 440
442
- 444
- 447
. 452
XIV TABLE OF THE GENERA OF FERRE
Capsules smooth, very abundant in a_ branched
panicle
Capsules solitary in the axils of large imbricated
clasping involucres ; scandent
SUB-ORDER V.—MARATTIACEZ.,
Capsule opening by a slit down cne side or a pore
at the apex, without a ring.
Capsules sessile, very close together, but not concrete
Capsules concrete, in bcat-shaped spore-cases
Capsules concrete in raised circular masses which are
hollow in the centre
SUB-ORDER VI.—OPHIOGLOSSACES#.
Capsules deeply two-valved, opening down the side
nearly to the base, without a ring.
Capsules sessile in two rows on a narrow close spike.
Capsules in small crested clusters forming a loose
spike
Capsules in two rows on the face of spikes which form
a compound panicle
GENUS.
o1 ANEMIA
92 Lycopium .
03 ANGIOPTERIS
94 MARATTIA
95 KAULFUSSIA
96 OPHIOGLOSSUM .
97 IITELMINTHO-
STACHYS
98 BOTRYCHIUM
- 458
. 460
» AO2
. 469
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CYATHEA HOOKERI, (ZAw.)
\
Ee NDBOOK. TO. THE
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA, CEYLON,
AND THE
fexaieeyY oPENINS W@LA.
Oe ne
Stop ER FILICES.
APSULES (sporangia) one-celled, usually membranaceous and
dorsal (on the back of the frond), or marginal, encircled by a
complete or incomplete, jointed, elastic ring, collected in clusters
(sori) of a definite but varied form, with or without a covering (indu-
slum) or panicled or spicate, rarely laxly scattered; or the capsules
have the ring obsolete, or none, or the ring is confined to the apex of
the capsule, where it forms a longitudinally striated crown, bursting
vertically ; or the capsules are sunk in a many-celled, fleshy or corky
receptacle of varied forms, opening by pores or clefts on the upper
surface ; spores minute, various in form; vernation generally circi-
nate, rarely erect.
SUB-ORDER I.—GLEICHENIACEZ.
Sori dorsal; of few (2-10) capsules ; capsules opening vertically
- surrounded by a broad, transverse, complete ring; indusium none ;
caudex generally creeping ; stipes often dichotomous ; fronds rigid,
generally large, and dichotomously branched, frequently bearing
axillary buds ; vernation circinate.
2
Ae FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
GENUS IL—GLEICHENIA. (Swmith.)
(In honour of Gleichen, a German botanist).
Sori of few sessile capsules, situated on a lower exterior veinlet ;
caudex generally creeping ; frond rarely unbranched, generally
dichotomously divided, often proliferous from the axils of the forks ;
pinnz deeply pinnatifid, with the segments small and concave, sub-
orbicular, or pectinate with elongated lobes.
§ Sori solitary at the apex of a veinlet.
1. GLEICHENIA CIRCINATA. (Sw.) Fronds dichotomous, divari-
cated, lobes of the pinnules bead-like, ovate, or subrotund, the
margins slightly recurved; capsules 3-4; branches and rachis
glabrous, or more or less scaly. edd. F. B. J. t. 177, as semivestita
abil. 2fo0k,.Sp. Fil. p. 2i.
Malacca.
(Also in Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and New Caledonia.)
§ Sori near the middle, or at the forking, of the veinlets.
2. GLEICHENIA GLAUCA. (//ook.) A large straggling fern many
feet long; stipes stout forked; primary pinnz opposite, secondary
pinne alternate, close, 6-8 inches long by 1-2 broad, lanceolate,
acuminate, pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, the segments or pinnules
oblong-lanceolate, but obtuse, more or less glaucous beneath,
glabrous or tomentose, and paleaceous on the stipes and rachis ;
capsules 3-5, often mixed with hairs. edd. 7. Bias
gigantea Wallich. G. longissima, 4/7. Hook. Sp. Fil. p. 12. G.
gigantea, Wall. Cat. Polypodium glaucum, Zhunb. Fl. Jap. 338,
which is the oldest specific name. |
Bhotan and Sikkim, alt. 4,500-7,500 feet. Very common about
Darjeeling, Khasya, 3,500-5,000. Common in Nepal, Malay Peninsula.
(Also in China, Japan, the Malay Islands, Sandwich Islands,
Tropical Australia, Polynesia, West Indies, and Tropical America.)
3. GLEICHENIA Norrisil. (A@ez¢.) Branches of the frond one-
jugate, oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 feet long, pinnz lanceolate, the lower
distinctly stalked, spreading, 6-9 inches long, cut down to a narrow
>
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Burm.
(
GLEICHENIA LINEARIS
/
yh FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
wing into close entire ligulate blunt segments, upper gradually
smaller, reflexed ; texture subcoriaceous, both surfaces glabrous, the
lower green or glaucous; veinlets once forked ; sori medial, 12-20
to asegment. edd. F. B. 1. -4..348. Look. Spi Fl po ae
Malacca.
4. GLEICHENIA LINEARIS (Burm, under Polypodium). Stipes zigzag,
repeatedly di- or trichotomous, the ultimate branches bearing a pair
of forked pinnz ; a distinct pair of pinnee also arises from the base
of the forked branches, pinnules usually glaucous beneath, usually
entire with recurved margins, texture hard, veinlets usually three-
branched from the base, the centre one being often forked or
pinnate. Bedd-F. S. I. ¢. 74, as dichotoma. Gl. dichotoma, W7//d.
flvok. Sp. Fil. p. 15. Polypodium lineare, Burm. Fal, Ind. 235, 7.67,
fig. 2, oldest specific name. ‘This fern has long been known under
the name of dichotoma, which, however, must be dropped, as there
is an older specific name.
Mountains of southern India and Ceylon, up to 6,000 feet,
Sikkim, Bhotan, Nepal, Kumaon, Khasya, &c., up to 5,000 feet.
Malay Peninsula.
(Also in Japan, Tropical Australia, America, Polynesia. )
SUB-ORDER II.—POLYPODIACEE.
Sori dorsal or marginal, subglobose, of many capsules, with or
without an indusium, usually pedicellate, more or less completely
surrounded with a jointed vertical and elastic ring, and bursting
transversely (except in Hymenophyllez).
A.—INVOLUCRAT#&.—Sori furnished with an indusium (except
in Alsophila), Tribes Cyatheze to Aspidiez.
TRIBE I.—_CYATHE.
Sori dorsal, globose, often at or near the forking of a vein;
capsules numerous, often very compact sessile or stalked, generally
on an elevated receptacle, often mixed with hairs, obovate usually
with a broad, vertical, or sub-oblique elastic ring ; indusium (none in
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 5
Alsophila) inferior, including the sorus, lateral and resembling a scale
on the under side of the sorus, or cup-shaped, often when young en-
veloping the sorus, eventually opening at the summit, or breaking down
with a more or less regular margin ; caudex very often arborescent.
GENUS II.—CYATHEA. (Smith.)
(Kyathos, a cup——the form of indusium.)
Soul on a vein, or in the axil of the forking of a vein, receptacle
elevated, globose, or elongated ;
indusium globose inferior, cov-
ering the whole sorus, after-
wards breaking at the summit,
and forming a more or less
persistent cup, even or irregu-
lar, at the margin; generally
arborescent ; stipes often acu-
leated; fronds simple, pinnate,
or decompoundly pinnate.
* Fronds undivided.
t. CYATHEA SINUATA. (/Zook.
wa Grey.) Caridex erect, 2-4
ft. long, about 1 inch in diame-
ter; frond simple, 2-3 ft.long,
124 inches wide, elongate-lan-
ceolate, sinuate, acuminate, ta-
pering at the base; veins pin-
nate; veinlets soriferous near
middle. edd. F. Sv l. t. 259 ; CYATHEA SINUATA. (Zook.)
look. Sp. Fil. p. 16.
Ceylon, in the Singhe-Rajah Forest.
** Fronds pinnate.
2. CvYATHEA BruNnonis. (Wad/.) Stipes 12 feet long; fronds
2-3 ft. long, pinnate glossy ; pinnz 6-14 inches long, alternate,
between membranous and coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate
with a long narrow point obliquely truncated at the base and shortly
SES ow ae on
oY Seager
NAN ile ee
SSE
6 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
peticlate, sinuate-crenate; veins three-branched or pinnate, the
veinlets occasionally anastomosing amongst themselves, or with the
next group; sori medial on the veinlets; indusium very persistent.
Redd. PIB. I. ¢. 87 ; Hook Sp. SU1op) mo.
Penang and Malacca.
(Also in the Malay Islands.)
3. CvaTHEA Hookeri. (Z/w.) Small, but with a trunk-like’
caudex 14 inch thick ;, stipes short black, muricated at the base and
sub-paleaceous ; fronds coriaceo-membranaceous, 2-3 feet long, 4-5
inches wide, elongate-lanceolate, acuminate, pinnate pinnatifid at the
apex; pinne from a broad base, which is more or less auricled,
lanceolate acuminate, sessile or sub-sessile, coarsely dentate-pinnatifid,
more or less entire towards the apex and base, and the lower ones
gradually diminishing in size and obtuse at their apex ; veins pinnate ;
sori medial on the veinlets ; indusium soon breaking up and becoming
cup-like. edd. F. B.f. t. 260.. Thw. En, Fl. Lyf. 300. wee:
SP: Ll. fp. VO.
Ceylon, in the Singhe-Rajah Forest.
*** Fronds decompoundly pinnate.
4. CYATHEA SPINULOSA. (Weall.) A tall tree fern; stipes and
main rachis beneath, strongly aculeate, dark purple ; fronds glabrous,
tripinnatifid ; main rachis and rachis of pinnules ferruginous above ;
rachis of pinnules and.main vein of segments scaly below, but the
latter glabrous above; segments falcate-oblong acute, serrulate, the
margin more or less recurved ; veinlets once-forked, or more rarely
three-branched ; sori copious near the costules or main veins; in-
dusium completely covering the sorus when young, soon breaking
uregularly. Gedd. FF. S./. 2.57. Glook. Syn 7Gl. p. 23.
The Wynad at 3,000 feet elevation, North and South Canara
Coorg, Jeypore Hills (Vizag), Nepal, Jaintea Hills. The Wynad
specimens are in every way identical with those from Northern
India collected by Wallich, and Mr. Clarke is in error in stating
that the South Indian plant is a Hemitelea, as on comparing with
him the specimens he had examined at Kew I found that they were
‘‘ Alsophila latebrosa,” and that this Cyathea was not represented
me:
Ls)
Laie ENS oe ee ered
a ms ie we
AS CATTELL A COENG.
CYATHEA SPINULOSA.
(Wall.)
ST TNR AD
8 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
from S. India in the Cyathea bundles at Kew, although there was
a specimen of it from Dalzell elsewhere, labelled ‘ Lastrea also-
philoides,” and a specimen from Canara, mixed with Hemitelea.
I find no 3-branched veinlets in my specimens; but I have no
barren pinnee in which only they occur. Except in being much
more aculeate, over-ripe examples are with difficulty distinguished
from Alsophila latebrosa; it is however perfectly glabrous on the
segments beneath, whereas in the Alsophila there is generally some
pubescence on the costules, and minute hairs on the veinlets. I
have never found this fern much above 3,000 feet elevation, but .
the Alsophila is common at the highest altitudes on the Nilgiris,
Pulneys and Anamallays.
GENUS IIIL—AMPHICOSMIA. (Fé.
(Amphi, around ; kosmos, world ; in allusion to its wide distribution.)
Sori globose, dorsal, on a veinlet ; receptacle elevated ; indusium
a cup-like scale below the sorus, but never completely covering
the capsules as in Cyathea. Arborescent ferns like Cyathea, and a
connecting link between that genus and Alsophila, very difficult to
determine except with unripe sori; veins all free; fronds ample
decompound. (Hemitelea only differs in having the costal veins
anastomosing. None are found in India.)
1. AMPHICOSMIA WALKER#. (/Zook.) Stipes unarmed or slightly
muricate; fronds ample bi-tripinnate, thick, firm, very coriaceous ;
primary pinne 1% foot long, secondary pinnz rather remote, 3-4
inches long, deeply, nearly to the costa pinnatifid, or again pinnate,
oblong, narrow-acuminate ; the costa, as is the rachis, hairy above and
scaly below ; pinnules or lobes oblong, very obtuse, entire or crenate ;
veinlets once-forked, three-branched or even pinnate ; sori close to
the costules; indusium cup-shaped under the sorus. Hook. Sp. Fi.
zo. edd. F.S. 1.21a0,-26m..
Ceylon, centre of the island at the higher elevations. Var. /3 ¢77-
pinnata has the ultimate pinnules lobed, but there are intermediate
forms.
SSE see
as ets
LWYL
AMPHICOSMIA WALKER,
WW
MUM
rh, aie UY Nv ala /p
DEANS NIN (ULM
: CY yy yeep ANIC
SN Uy \ ANS
SUN NNR Naan AWA Mh
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SS
: aX “ie
SO
a
10 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
2, AMPHICOSMIA DECIPIENS. (/. Scof/, under Hemitelea.) A
lofty tree fern, very prickly on the main and secondary rachises,
tertiary rachis (that of the pinnules) bullate-scaly, not pubescent ;
pinnules glabrous, or nearly so, segments sometimes much narrowed
where fertile ; veinlets forked, or often three-branched and even four-
branched in the sterile portions; sori in two rows close along the
main veins or costa of the segment; involucre a hemispheric cup.
J. Scott, in Lin. Trans. xxx. 33, ¢.14. Bedd. F. B.A oii
the veins and bullate scales correctly, but not the involucre.
Sikkim and Bhotan, 1,0o00-4,0o00 feet. Khasya below Nung-
klow. Differs from the next in being much more prickly and in
the segments being generally longer and narrower. I do not feel
certain it is distinct from Cyathea spinulosa, as I have not seen the
involucre in very young state.
3. AMPHICOSMIA BRUNONIANA. (Wall. under Alsophila.) A
large tree fern; main rachis somewhat prickly, secondary rachis
slightly muricated or smooth ; rachis of the pinnules crisped-pubes-
cent ; segments minutely hairy on the veinlets (under the lens), not
contracted in fruit ; veinlets forked, or three-branched veinlets very
rare ; sori and involucre as in the last. Clarke, p. 430. Alsophila
Brunoniana, Wad/. Alsophila latebrosa, var. hemitelioides, /. Sco@t,
lead
Sikkim and Bhotan, 4,000-7,500 feet; East Nepal; Khasya
3,000-5,000 feet, very common.
The specimen for which Mr. Clarke gives the locality ‘‘ Deccan ”
is a specimen of Cyathea spinulosa, collected at Mendeb in Canara
by Dr. Richie.
Mr, Clarke’s variety /3 Scoétiz, ““ segments of the fertile pinnules
unusually large, deeply crenated, with many three-branched veinlets,”
is founded on a single pinna in the Kew Herbarium, collected by
Scott in Sikkim and labelled by him latebrosa, var. 3; it is perhaps
a new species.
4. AMPHICOSMIA ALTERANS. (ook, under Alsophila.) Rachis
glabrous, smooth, turning brown; fronds subcoriaceous, glabrous, sub-
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. [I
tripinnate ; primary pinnz short, petiolate very remote, 10-14 inches
long, 2-3 inches wide, oblong acuminate, deeply pinnatifid, pinnate
near the base; segments 1-13 inch long, oblong acute subfalcate
entire or serrate, all horizontal, the extremity suddenly pinnated with
oblong undivided sessile pinnules serrated at the margin; veins once
forked (rarely twice-forked); sori in the axil of the fork, or in
the lower veins, considerably above it; involucre a hemispherical
cup completely surrounding the base of the sorus. edd. /. B. 1.
f, 236, under Alsophila. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 41.
Penang. My specimens distinctly show the indusium.
GENUS IV.—ALSOPHILA. (Brown.)
(Alsos, grove ; phileo, to love.)
Sori globose, dorsal, on a vein or at the forking of a vein ; recep-
tacle generally elevated, often villous ; involucre none, but the bullate
scales along the costa of the segments may often be mistaken for
such. Arborescent ferns; fronds decompoundly pinnate; veins never
anastomosing, simple forked or pinnate.
| 1. ALSOPHILA LATEBROSA. (//vok.) A lofty tree fern; stipes
aculeate at the base, muricated upwards, dark mahogany-brown;
primary pinne oblong acuminate, 12-24 inches long, 6-8 inches
wide; pinnules lanceolate-acuminate, 3-4 inches long, cut down
nearly to the rachis into linear-oblong, blunt slightly-toothed
segments on each side; rachis of pinnules beneath glabrous or
pubescent; veins generally minutely hairy (under the Jens) ; veinlets
forked ; numerous bullate scales along the costa of the segments
- beneath and also along the rachis of the pinnules ; sori occupying the
lower two-thirds of the segment. Bedd. FS. L. t. 58. Hook. Syn.
Zul) p. 43.
Nilgiris and all the western mountains in the Madras Presidency
and the Shevaroys, up to 7,000 feet ; but often found as low as
3,000 ; Sikkim, Bhotan and Khasya, 3,500-5,000 feet ; also through-
out the Malay Peninsula and Penang. I cannot distinguish the
two varieties given by Mr. Clarke. The South Indian specimens
12 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
vary from quite or nearly quite glabrous to as pubescent as those
from Sikkim, and the Penang specimens seem quite identical.
2. ALSOPHILA GLAUCA. (/. Sm.)
of ERE A KE iad,
: ff) ZH, i Z ! 7 : ;
—Q
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4
4
<
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<
e
z=
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KK
KR
S
yH
ry
64 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON,
2. MICROLEPIA PINNATA. (Caz.) Rhizome ‘ereepine yeti
nished with fibrillose scales; stipe strong, erect, 6-12 inches long,
glossy ; fronds 9-15 inches long, 4-8 inches broad, lanceolate-
pinnate, glabrous ; pinnee slightly toothed, 6 inches long, ¢ inch broad,
coriaceous, linear-lanceolate, gradually acuminate, obliquely acuminate
at the base ; sori one to each tooth, small, submarginal; veins sunk,
inconspicuous, generally forked; involucres small, half-cup-shaped.
Z100R. Syn. Fil. p. 08. “Bedd | PGS 21. wi tae
Anamallay Mountains; Malay Peninsula.
(Also in Java and Polynesian Islands.)
3. MICROLEPIA MARGINALIS. (Z/hunb. under Polypodium.) Fronds
broadly ovate-lanceolate, firm, membranaceous ; pinnz elongate,
lanceolate, subfalcate, acuminate, pinnatifid-lobate, the acuminated
apices serrated, pubescent-villous beneath, most so on the costa and
prominent veins, unequally cuneate at the base, and subpetiolate ;
lobes acute crenate-dentate ; veins pinnated ; sori solitary in the axils
of the smaller and upper lobes or serratures, and distant from the
margin, marginal on the small teeth of the larger lobes ; involucres
broad half-cup-shaped, densely villous; rachis and stipe downy, the
latter at length glabrous ; rhizome creeping, villous ; stipe 1-2 feet
long, erect, strong ; fronds 18-24 inches long, 9-15 inches broad,
once pinnate. Polyp. marginale, Thunb. Fl. Japan, p. 337. Maicro-
lepia scabra,Yon.,, Beda. 7. B. 7.7, 102,
Nepal and Kumaon, Khasya, Mikir His.
(Also in Japan and Formosa.)
VAR. 9 CALVESCENS. (/Zook.) Pinnze narrower and more deeply
pinnatifid, nearly glabrous beneath, except the strigose midrib.
Davallia calvescens. Hook. Sp. Fil. J. p. 172, 7. 48 B. D. urophylla
(Wallich), Bedd. 7, B. fy 7.168.
Kumaon.
4. MICROLEPIA UROPHYLLA. (//ook.) Rhizome creeping; stipe
strong, erect, 2-3 feet long ; fronds bipinnate, tripinnatifid, coriaceous,
shining above and beneath, but pubescent on the rachises below ;
( Don.)
A AM,
}
AU
MICROLEPIA PLATYPHYLLA,
60m. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
—
secondary pinnz lanceolate-linear, very finely caudate, cut down
nearly to the rachis into ovate acuminate, unequal sided toothed
lobes; sori submarginal, one to each of the lower sinuses of the
lobes. Hook. Syn. Fal. p. 99, not of Wallich or Bedd. Clarke, F. LV.
WT. SO. ;
‘Bhotan (allied to M. platyphylla).
5. MIcROLEPIA PLATYPHYLLA. (Don.) Rhizome creeping, stout,
scaly; stipes 2-3 feet long, firm erect; frond 3-4 feet long, tri-
pinnatifid ; lower pinne 12-15 inches long, 6-9 inches broad,
lanceolate with distant linear-lanceolate pinnules, which are cut
nearly to the wavy rachis below, into broad, bluntish toothed, oblong-
deltoid lobes; texture coriaceous when adult, glabrous and shining
on both surfaces, but when young more or less membranaceous and
hairy ; sori 2-12 to a segment, placed one in each tooth, a short
distance from the edge, about a line across. Don. Hl. Prod. Nep.
ro: \A/o0k. Syn. Pil. p. 99. \ Bedd LS. 21a We.
Madras Presidency, throughout the Western mountains, up to
nearly 6,000 feet; Ceylon; Himalayas, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhotan
3,000-5,500 feet elevation ; Khasya.
6. MicroLepia Kurzit. (Clarke.) Fronds large tripinnatifid ;
pinne as in platyphylla, with linear-lanceolate pinnules, which are cut
down to its rachis (which is not wavy, or only slightly so towards the
apex) below into triangular subobtuse or ianceolate-caudate lobes,
which are bluntly serrate; texture not so coriaceous as in platy-
phylla, uniformly pubescent beneath, even when adult; venation
much less prominent than in platyphylla; involucres finely ciliated
round the margin. Clarke F. NV. J. p. 446.
Birma.
This is very like platyphylla, and may turn out to be only a
variety of it. I have only seen one specimen.
7. MICROLEPIA MAJUSCULA. (Lowe.) Rhizome creeping, tomen-
tose ; stipe 6-12 inches long, erect naked ; fronds up to 3 feet long
lanceolate-deltoid, tripinnatifid ;. lower pinnze 9-12 inches long, 3-4
inches broad, lanceolate ; pinnules lanceolate acuminate, cut down
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 67
nearly or quite to the rachis into blunt slightly crenated oblong lobes,
rachis and both surfaces slightly hairy, the upper bright green, shining ;
texture subcoriaceous; sori small submarginal, 2-12 to a segment.
Took. Syn. Fil. p. 99. Microlepia proxima (Thw.), Bedd. FS. I. t. 254.
Ceylon, Rangbodde, 3,500 feet elevation.
8. MicROLEPIA STRIGOSA. (Swartz.) Fronds tall, lanceolate, bi-
pinnate ; stipes elongated ; rachis and veins pubescent-hispid, primary
pinne petiolate, lanceolate-acuminate, secondary (or pinnules) mostly
petiolate, subdimidiate-ovate, obtuse pinnatifid, chiefly on the upper
edge, lower lobes obovate deep, the rest short, all of them angulate-
dentate, veins pinnated, furnished witha few long scattered hairs both
above and beneath (the remaining surface of the frond beneath being
‘sometimes furnished with numerous small hairs, or sometimes gla-
brous as is the upper surface) ; involucres hairy, small, half cup-shaped.
oon. Syn. Fil. p. 98. _Bedd. F. S. T, t. 255.
Tinnevelly and Travancore Mountains, South India; Ceylon ;
Himalayas ; and Malay Peninsula.
(Also in Japan, South China, Sandwich and Fiji Islands.)
Mr. Clarke considers this a variety, or rather only a young state
of spelunce, as he states it develops into this more compound
form ; as far as the South Indian and Ceylon forms are concerned,
this is never more than bipinnate, whereas speluncce is 3-4 pin-
nate; it has been for years in cultivation in ferneries, at Ootaca-
mund, and is quite constant.
9. MICROLEPIA SPELUNCH. (Zznn.) Rhizome creeping; stipes
strong, 1-14 foot long; fronds up to 6 feet long, rarely more, and
2 feet broad, ovate to deltoid, 3-4-pinnatifid, more or less
hairy, strigose or villous, or with few or many long glistening scale-
like flaccid hairs, rarely sub-glabrous; texture membranaceous, or
flaccid, pinnules from oblong or ovate to linear-lanceolate, ultimate
segments entire or subentire and rhomboid, or irregularly inciso-
obate or pinnatifid; sori large 1-5 to the entire segments, more
copious on the lobed segments ; involucre half cup-shaped, hispid or
rarely glabrous; veins more or less prominent beneath. Polypodium
spelunce, Zin. Sp. Pl. 1555.
1
68 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
The Himalayas from Kumaon eastwards; Khasya ; Chittagong ;
Madras, Western mountains ; Ceylon; Malay Peninsula.
(Also in China, Japan, Malay Islands, Polynesia, and Tropical
America.) | |
Type. Ultimate segments rhomboidal, subentire, or ‘slightly
crenated. Davallia rhomboidea, Wall. Cat. 257.
VaR. 3 HIRTA. Ultimate segments more or less deeply cut.
Rhomboidea (Microlepia polypodioides, Bedd. & S. £ ¢. 15)
can easily be picked out in the herbarium : it is very uniform in char-
acter, and does not run into hirta in cultivation ; it is very common
throughout India and in Ceylon.
The variety hirta (Bedd. F: S. 7. 256) is a much more variable
plant, and I refer to this Wad/. Cat. 262 puberula; 263 pilosula; 264
virens; 2,218 Roxburghii, and 261 pyramidata. These are all so
_ closely allied that it is impossible to keep them up as separate
varieties, and they besides run one intothe other. There are two
varieties in Southern India and Ceylon: one very hairy and the other
nearly quite glabrous, but differing inno way beyond the pubescence.
The supposed species, flaccida (Bedd. F: Sup. ¢. 353) I now consider
only a form of hirta, as I cannot distinguish it in the herbarium, it
is sald to be very flaccid, and to have fronds ten and twelve feet long.
I have seen no forms anything like so large in Southern India or
Ceylon, yet some Ceylon and South Indian specimens are referred to
it. Wallich’s pyramidata has the pinnules closer together and more
elongated than any of the other forms, but otherwise it is quite like -
hirta.
GENUS XIX.—STENOLOMA. (4z.)
(.Stenxos, narrow ; loma, border.)
Fronds bi-tripinnatifid, ultimate segments cuneiform, growing
gradually wider from the base to the apex; veins dichotomously
forked, venules free ; indusium terminal on the segments, forming a
compressed suborbicular, or cup-shaped pouch, only open at the top ;
rhizome creeping ; stipes tufted, not articulated upon the rhizome.
A.S.CATTELL&CYENCRAS.
STENOLOMA CHINENSIS. (Sz .)
; 7
|
70 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
I. STENOLOMA CHINENSIS. (Szaz7tz.) Rhizome stout, densely
fibrillose ; stipes strong, erect, polished, naked, dark brown, 6—12
inches long; fronds 12~—18 inches long, 6-9 inches broad, ovate,
4-pinnatifid ; lower pinnze ovate-lanceolate, 4-6 inches long, 2-3
inches broad ; pinnules lanceolate, their segments cut down to the
rachis below, with toothed cuneate lobes, 1-1} lines across at the
apex; texture subcoriaceous, both surfaces naked, the upper
shining ; sori terminal, usually solitary, often rather broader than
deep. Swartz Syn. fil. 133 (under Davallia) Davallia tenuifolia,
Fiook. Syn. Fil. p. 102... Bedd. FST. 10:
Madras Presidency, Western mountains, 3,000-6,000 feet:
Himalayas, Kumaon to Bhotan, up to 1,000-4,000 feet ; Khasya;
Ceylon ; Malay Peninsula.
(Also in China, Japan, Polynesia, and the East African Islands.)
GENUS XX.—CYSTOPTERIS. (Sernh.)
(Cystos, a cyst, in allusion to the inflated indusium.)
Fronds more or less compound, membranaceous ; sori globose,
placed on the back of the veins ; indusium membranaceous, subor-
bicular inserted by its broad base, under the sorus, which, at the
beginning it covers or partially covers like a hood ; veins free.
I, CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS. (Bernh.) Stipes 2-12 inches long ;
fronds glabrous, weak, up to 1 foot, ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ;
main rachis slightly winged above; pinnz lanceolate-deltoid ; pin-
nules oblong-rhomboidal, cut down to a broad central space into
bluntly or sharply-toothed segments ; sori 2-12 to a pinnule. _ Hook,
Swi fil. 103 Bedd. B.e 7 1Or,
North West Himalayas, from Kashmir to Kumaon, 10,000-
15,000 feet elevation ; Sikkim.
(Also in most parts of the world, in cold regions.)
_ 2, CYSTOPTERIS SETOSA. (Gedd.) Caudex erect; stipes 1 foot long,
sparsely covered with small flaccid subulate light-brown scales ; fronds
tufted 3-33} feet long, tripinnate, pinnze 8-10 inches long, lowest
€
a a eT ee ee ne om
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9)
A rk Te ae
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(Bedd.)
_CYSTOPTERIS SETOSA.
ie FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
pair nearly as long as the central ones, gradually decreasing in size
towards the apex, pinnules pinnatifid to nearly the rachis, but always
more or less connected by a decurrent wing, very membranaceous
and flaccid, and furnished on both sides sparsely (as is the rachis and
costa) with long weak pellucid jointed sete; segments of the pinnules
generally as broad at the apex as at the base, more or less pinnatifid,
with the lobes obtusely rounded or variously toothed ; veins forked
and simple reaching the margin; sori one to each segment, medial on
the lower vein; involucre very membranaceous, small scale-like, ovate,
roundish ovate, or oblong, from a broad base fornicate, not nearly
covering the sorus, fimbriate or entire, fugacious. edd. FB, . ¢.
312; also ¢. 262, under Lastrea,
Moulmein Mountains; Sikkim 5,000—80co0 feet.
TRIBE V.—LINDSAYEZE.
Sori placed ‘in a line, at or very near the edge of the frond,
covered with an involucre, the inner valve of which is membra-
naceous, the outer formed of the margin of the frond. ©
GENUS XXI.—LINDSAYA. (Dryand.)
(In honour of Dr. Lindsay, a writer on Ferns.)
Sorl marginal or submarginal, placed to the apex of, and uniting
two or more veins ; involucre double, opening outwardly, the inner
valve membranaceous, the outer formed of the more or less changed
margin of the frond ; veins free ; pinnz unilateral or equilateral.
§ Pinne unilateral.
1. LINDSAYA CULTRATA. (Swartz.) Rhizome wiry, creeping,
furnished with linear scales, stipes wiry flexuous, 3—6 inches long ;
fronds 6-12 inches long, about 1 inch broad, simply pinnate, pinnee
unequal-sided, lower edge nearly straight near the main nerve ; upper
edge slightly lobed or nearly entire; lower pinnze stalked ; texture
rather coriaceous. Swartz. Syn. Fil. 119. Hook. Syn. Fil. Ter:
Bead. F. S. f, t. 23. Lindsaya Lobbiana (Hook.), Deda aes
#, 28. A variety with rounded pinne, and a 4-winged rachis.
rd
A
Va
s
Leder ste (Rate =P
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AS.CATTELL &COENSRAS,
LINDSAYA CULTRATA. (Sw .)
74 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
Very common on the western side of the Madras Presidency, up
to 6,000 feet, called the hay-scented fern, from its scent when drying.
Ceylon, higher altitudes in the central provinces. Himalayas, Nepal,
to Mishmee and Chittagong, up to 4,000 feet; Birma and the Malay
Peninsula.
(Also in North Australia, Formosa, Japan, Malay Islands, and
East African Islands.) |
2. LINDSAYA REPENS. (Zhw.) Caudex creeping, scaly; stipes
short; fronds rigid, membranaceous linear-lanceolate, 10-18 inches
long, $ inch broad, pinnate attenuated at the base; pinne very
numerous, 40 or more pair, half deltoid-ovate obtuse or sub-acute,
base nearly parallel with the rachis, and with the
lower margin quite entire, upper margin lobulate-
crenate, costa parallel with and close to the
margin ; veins simple or forked, free ; sori short,
oblong, one near the margin of each lobule.
Thw. En. Fl. 388. Bedd) TAVS eee
Odontoloma, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 93. Lindsaya
pectinata (Blume), Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 106.
N°37. j Ceylon, Singhe-Rajah Forest; Mishmee,
LINDSAYA scANDENS. Khasya, Sikkim-Terai, Dulkajhar 1,000 feet ;
(Z/ook.) Malay Peninsula. |
Also in the Malay Islands, Polynesia and Mauritius.)
Var. 2 MINOR. A smaller form, more membranaceous, and more
deeply pinnatifid; sorimuch shorter. Zhw.l.c. Bedd. FS. Lt. 214.
3. LINDSAYA SCANDENS. (/Zook.) Rhizome stout, wide-creeping,
scandent, paleaceous; frond 9-12 inches long, 13-1¢ inch _ broad,
simply pinnate; pinne # inch long, $ inch broad, the lower line
slightly decurved, the upper rounded, entire, the point broadly
rounded, placed in a long row close together, but not imbricated ;
texture pellucid-herbaceous ; costa marginal; sori in a continuous
marginal line. Hook. Sp. Fil, 2. p. 205, ¢. 63 B. ; Sym aa
‘Bead. BT. ¢208.
The Malay Peninsula,
(Also in the Philippine Islands.)
P
i
.
|
:
/
_ FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 75
4. LINDSAYA ORBICULATA. (Lam. under Adiantum.) Rhizome
creeping ; stipes tufted, generally elongated, fronds linear-lanceolate
and pinnate or deltoid and bipinnate; pinnules approximate shortly
petiolate, rather rigid flabellate, and approaching to lunate or sub-
rhomboid, with the sides unequal, the base obliquely cuneate, some-
times the upper ones are confluent, the superior margin crenulate or
soriferous ; no distinct midrib; sori continuous or interrupted; in-
wolicres toothed. Hook. Syn. fil. i. 211. L. flabellulata, Aook.
eiga7@. ~. 107. Lead. KF. B.S. ¢. 216.
Davallia trichomanoides, Gedd. & 2. 7. ¢. 178 (not Blume) an
abnormally cut variety. D. schizophylla, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 468.
Var. 6 TENERA. Pinnules of thinner texture, and obtusely
rounded in outline. edd. & S. f. 4.24. This is the only form
found in the Madras Presidency.
Western Forests of Madras; Ceylon; Khasya, Assam, Jaintea ;
Malay Peninsula.
(Also in South China and Australia.)
5. Linpsaya Lancea. (L. under Adiantum.) Rhizome creep-
ing ; stipes strong, up to 12 inches long ; frond up to 15 inches long,
bipinnate ; pinnee, several pairs erect-patent; pinnules about 1 inch
long, by 4-3 inch deep, the lower line nearly straight, the upper
rounded entire; texture pellucid-herbaceous ; sori in a continuous
line round the upper margin. Ad‘antum Lanceum. L. Lindszea tra-
peziformis (Dry.), Hook. Syn. Fil. 107. L. caudata (Hook.), Bedd. F.
S.f. ¢. 217. Mr. Wall sends from Ceylon a form with numerous
pinnee, which taper away into a long caudate apex, the lower pinnules
being obovate from a longish stalk, and much smaller than in the type ;
the upper pinnules very small and tongue-shaped.
Ceylon; Malay Peninsula.
(Also in Tropical America, the West Indies, and the Malay
Islands.) -
6. Linpsaya RIGIDA. (/. Sm.) Rhizome wide-creeping, stipes
4-6 inches long, rigid, erect, prickly towards the base; fronds with
a long unbranched central point, and 1-4 pair of flexuose lateral
76 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
branches, 4-8 inches long; pinnules 3—4 lines broad, 2 lines deep,
the lower edge often falcate, the upper 3-4 times bluntly, not deeply
lobed, close together, but not imbricate; texture very thick,
- coriaceous ; veins prominent ; sori in a marginal line on the lobes.
Flook.. Syn, Fil. p. 108. Bedd. FB. 7.4 00;
Malacca, on Mount Ophir. —
$§ Pinne equilateral.
7. LINDSAYA WALKER. (Hook.) Rhizome creeping, thicker
than a crow’s quill, ferruginous with scale-like hairs. Stipes very
long, often 1 foot, and as well as the rachis dark purple, glossy ;
fronds lanceolate, pinnate, 6 inches to 1
long, pinnze 6-9 pairs, with a terminal one,
which is sometimes confluent with one or
both of the upper pair, coriaceous, sub-
opposite, remote, lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate, equal, costa central, veins
copious, almost parallel with the costa ;
sorus marginal, continuous on both sides.
Flook. Sp. Fil. 1. 209. Syn. Fil. 109. Bedd.
TES OS i tt |
Ceylon, Hinidoon Corle in swamps.
(Also the island of Banca, east of
Sumatra.)
8. LINDSAYA DIVERGENS. ( Wall.) Rhi-
N°33. zome creeping; stipes and rachis ebony-
LINDSAYA DIVERGENS. — black, glossy; fronds lanceolate-pinnate ;
(Wall.) pinnes approximate, crowded, horizontal-
lanceolate, obtuse, subsemihastate at the base, glaucous beneath, the
sides equal ; costa central; veins oblique, once forked, distant, in-
ternal, obscure; sorus marginal and continuous on both edges and
at the apex. Hook. Sp. Fil. 1. 210; Hook. et Gre tee
226.. Bedd. F: B. I. ¢t. 250. Vittaria divergens, Herb. Roxb. Wall.
Ca7Z 7. 2101.
Malacca.
(Also in Borneo.)
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 77
go. Linpsayva LaNuGINoSA. (JVall.) Rhizome creeping, stout,
clothed with fibrillose scales; stipes stout, erect, 4—6 inches long ;
fronds 12—24 inches long, 3-4 inches broad, simply pinnate ; pinnee
13—2 inches long, 4-3 inch broad, linear entire or very slightly
toothed towards the point, which is acute in the fertile, bluntly
rounded in the barren frond ; texture coriaceous ; rachis pubescent ;
sori in a continuous line along both edges. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 110.
Be Bead. F. B. I. ¢. 140.
Birma and the Malay Peninsula.
(Also in Tropical Australia, Mauritius, and Tropical Africa.)
10. LINDSAYA HETEROPHYLLA. (Ledd.) Glabrous, fronds, 10-20
inches high; deltoid-bipinnate, in the lower portion, sometimes tripin-
nate, simply pinnate at the apex; lower pinnz 4-6 inches long, upper
ones gradually smaller and less compound, pinnules numerous, as
many as 20, very variable in form, subrotund, rhomboidal or lan-
ceolate, margin entire; veins, simple or forked, all free; sori con-
tinuous round the whole margin except at the base, the Jarger pinnules
have a distinct midrib. edd. F. S. /. ¢. 206.
| ‘This is more compound than any of the Indian forms of Schizo-
- loma heterophylla; but there is a form of that plant from Hong-
kong in the Kew Herbarium very like this in outline, but with the
veins anastomosing. I have examined many fronds of this plant,
and the veins never anastomose, and if it be lumped with Schizoloma
heterophylla, it at once does away with that genus or subgenus. [ am, ©
however, inclined to consider it a distinct species more allied to
L. orbiculata var. tenera than to Schizoloma heterophylla.
Shevaroy Hills (on the Green hills), ‘Tinnevelly Mountains.
GENUS XXII.—SCHIZOLOMA. (Gaud.)
(Schizo, I cut; Zoma, margin.)
As in Lindsaya, but veins more or less anastomosing.
1. ScHizotoma Lopata. (Poir.) Rhizome short-creeping ;
_ stipes 6—9 inches long, firm, erect; fronds pinnate ; pinnee 1-6 pairs,
-erect-patent, 3-6 inches long; pinnules about } inch long, ¢ inch
G
xe
a
G
2
aw
.
Go
5
4
~
S
x
©
Ce
<
(foivr.) VAR. MALABARICA,
SCHIZOLOMA LOBATA,
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 79
_ broad, recurved, rounded, the upper margin with broad, shallow lobes,
texture thin pellucid-herbaceous; veins anastomosing in the upper
portion of the pinnules ; sori marginal in the lobes, the inner valve
of the involucre narrow and membranous, the edge of the frond
produced beyond it, and scarcely altered. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 111.
i. tecurvata (Wall.), Bedd. F. S. 7. 7. 27. L. nitens, Blume.
Malabar and Travancore Mountains, Ceylon.
(Also in Queensland and the Polynesian Islands.)
Var. § MALABARICA. (Sedd.) Fronds always simply pinnate ;
rachis tetragonous ; pinnules erect, not recurved, upper margin more
deeply lobed; veins less anastomosing. edd. # B. ft. 268.
Perhaps a distinct species.
Malabar and South Canara.
2, SCHIZOLOMA DAVALLIOIDES. (L/.)
Rhizome short-creeping; stipes 6-12 inches
long, firm, erect; fronds pinnate, pinneze
2-3 pairs, erect-patent, 4-8 inches long,
pinnules 4-6 lines long, 2-3 lines broad,
the lower margin straight or slightly curved,
the upper with 4—6 regular rounded but not
deep lobes, texture pellucid-herbaceous ;
veins anastomosing at the base of the
lobes ; sori marginal in the lobes. Zook.
N°40
SCHIZOLOMA CORDATA.
eed. fp. 111. Bedd. FB. TL. ¢. 141. (Gaud.)
(Closely allied to lobata.)
Malacca.
(Also in the Malay Islands.)
3. SCHIZOLOMA CORDATA. (Gaud.) Rhizome short-creeping ; stipe
3-6 inches long, slender, erect, wiry ; barren frond 2-3 inches long,
1-13 inch broad, cordate-oblong, quite entire, fertile one 3—6 inches
long, linear entire or forked ; texture coriaceous ; sori in a continuous
marginal line; veins anastomosing. Hook. Sf. 1. p. 219, 4 66 A.;
Ree. 7. 111. Bedd. F. BT. ¢. 299.
Malay Peninsula.
So FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON, ~
4. SCHIZOLOMA GUERINIANA. (Gaud.) Rhizome creeping, palea-
ceous ; stipes 4-6 inches long, articulate with the rachis ; fronds 6—9
inches long, oblong-lanceolate, simply pinnate, pinnze 3—? inch long,
ovate or oblong, nearly entire, horizontal or falcate, slightly auricled
at the base on the upper edge; texture subcoriaceous ; sori in a con-
tinuous line along both margins. Sya. Fil. p. 111; Hook. Sp. Fil.i.
Woe Beda. Fe. In terse,
Malacca.
(Also in the Malay Islands.)
/
5. SCHIZOLOMA ENSIFOLIA. (Swartz.) Rhizome creeping, stout,
paleaceous ; stipes 6-9 inches long, wiry, flexuose; fronds 6-12
inches long, 3-4 inches broad, with a linear-lanceolate simple or
pinnatifid apex, simply pinnate below, pinnze herbaceous, usually in
many pairs, rarely reduced to one, all stalked, 13-6 inches long, 7-1
inch broad, varying from linear-acuminate to lanceolate, sterile ones
only a little toothed; veins copiously anastomosing; sori in a con-
tinuous marginal line. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 112. edd. FSi ee ae.
(Griffithiana (Hook.), Bedd. & B. J. ¢. 29 is a simple form.)
Western mountains of Madras; Ceylon; Himalayas, Sikkim to
Muneypore and Chittagong up to 4,000 feet ; Birma.
(Also in North Australia, Tropical Africa and its eastern islands,
Polynesia. )
6. SCHIZOLOMA HETEROPHYLLA. (Ovy.) Rhizome creeping ;
stipes 4—8 inches long, firm, naked, erect ; frond 6—12 inches long, |
3-6 inches broad, lanceolate or oblong, deltoid, varying from simply-
pinnate with large linear-lanceolate entire pinne, to bipinnate with
erect-patent branches 3-4 inches long, with oblong-lanceolate blunt
pinnules $—-1 inch long 4 inch broad, texture herbaceous; sori in
continuous marginal lines. Hook. Syn. Fil, p. 112. Ledd. FS, T.
25.
' Malabar Mountains, Travancore; Ceylon; Malay Peninsula.
(Also in Mauritius, Hong-kong, and Malay Islands.)
. RG. £ ZZ, Z FJ SS Ve
aa Se eee NK
VES > =
EX BRERA S z
ee
SU bade 4
Se
—
= AN WRANNGanae
KES NSE
RASS aS
mn
> i
SN SS My?
Si iyi
MAO ELE
= CLA T hes <¢4
hin MAE H LS
Snes
AS CATTFIL RCO ENT IAS,
(Sw. )
SCHIZOLOMA ENSIFOLIA.
82 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
TRIBE VI.—PTERIDEE.
Sori marginal, oblong, or linear; indusium of the same shape
as the sorus, formed of ‘a more or less changed and feneae portion
of the frond, opening inwardly.
GENUS XXIII.—ADIANTUM.
(Adiantos, dry ; water will not lie on the fronds.)
Sori marginal, varying in shape from globose to linear, usually
numerous and distinct, sometimes confluent and continuous; indu-
sium of the same shape as the sorus, formed of the reflexed margin
of the fronds, bearing the capsules on its under side ; veins free.
1. ADIANTUM ParisHil. (Afook.) Small, ceespitose ; no distinct
acre, ‘i caudex; roots few,
Mi re GF | fibrous, tomentose ;
\\ Sis 7
x PA Vy 4 \ y p) ‘ ?
e Le Z fn |\ : fronds about 1 inch
each way, orbicular,
flabellate, membra-
neous, pellucid, ste-
rile ones crenate-
dentate, fertile ones
few. (3-5) lobate;
A ie ae sinuses deep sorifer-
igs ‘ i Noa 2. ous; veins origi-
(Hook) nating from the
base, flabellately-di-
vergent, repeatedly dichotomous; stipes slender, filiform, ebeneous,
black, shining, articulated at the summit. ook. Sp. Fil. ii. 237, and
Fil, Hxot1. pl. 513 Syn. Fil, p14. Bedd, TB. Page |
Moulmein, on limestone rocks.
ADIANTUM PARISHII.
2. ADIANTUM LUNULATUM. (Burm.) Stipes 4-6 inches long, —
tufted, wiry, naked, polished dark chestnut-brown; fronds 6—12
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 83
inches long and 3 inches broad, simply pinnate, often elongated and
rooting at the apex; pinnze subdimidiate, the lower edge nearly ina
line or oblique with the petiole, the upper edge rounded and like the
bluntly-rounded sides usually more or less lobed; petioles of the
lower ones spreading }—3 inch long, texture herbaceous; the rachis
and both surfaces naked ; sorl in continuous lines along the edge
maar. 1. Ind. p. 235. Look. Syn. Fil. p. 114. Bedd. FL S.L. 4.1%.
Throughout Northern India in moist places; South India, very
general on the western side in the plains and lower slopes of the
hills; Ceylon; Birma.
(Also in the tropics of nearly the whole world.)
VaR. ( MeETTent (Kuwin.)
Stipes and rachis winged, not
polished, petioles winged, very short,
otherwise as in lunulatum (type).
iain, Fil. Af. p. 65. bedd. Ferns
ear. ¢. 354.
Ny
4
LAS. CATTEWLR GOENGRAS.
Ms CRYPTOGRAMME CRISPA. (2. &7.)
100 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
1. PELL@#A STELLERI. (Gmelin under Pteris.) Rhizome wiry,
PELL/ZA STELLERI.
(Gyiel. )
creeping; stipes scattered, slender, 2~3
inches long, naked, straw-coloured or pale-
brown, polished, furnished about the base
with few linear pale brown scales; fronds
2-4 inches long, 1-2 inches broad, ovate
bi-tripinnatifid, often with the lowest pinne
barren, the upper fertile; pinnze lanceolate-
deltoid, 1-2 inches long, cut down to the
rachis ; lower pinnule again sometimes
slightly divided; texture thinly herbaceous
or flaccid ; rachis and both surfaces naked ;
veins visible ; young sori subterminal on the
veins, clustered, not forming a marginal line
till old; indusium broad, continuous, mem-
branous. Pellzea gracilis, Hook. Syn. Fil.
p. 1453. Clarke, F. NV. 1, p. 460) Allecomns
eracilis (Rup: \) Beda! 2 Ba fae 3.
i,
Ne oZ:
ELLA CONCOLOR. (Langs and Fisch.)
Himalayas, Baltic, 9,000
feet, Kumaon, Champua, 10,000
feet, Kashmir, Pir -Punjul,
11,000 feet ; (Karakorum
I 1,000—1 3,000 feet.
(Also in Canada and North
United States.) 2
2, PELLZA CONcareR
(Langs and Fisch. under Pteris.)
Stipes 6-9 inches long, naked,
erect, wiry, brownish- black, po-
lished, slightly scaly towards the
base ;fronds 2—4 inches each way,
deltoid, cut down nearly to the
rachis into 3-4-pinne on each
side, of which the lowest pair is
. ee
PS ee a
much the largest, with the.
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. Io!
pinnules on the lower side much larger than the others, and
deeply lobed with linear-oblong segments; rachis and costa dark
coloured and polished like the stipe; texture herbaceous, lateral
veins once forked; sori in broad marginal lines. Langs and Fisch.
720. Pteris géeraniifolia, Bedd. &. S. f. ¢ 37. Pellea geranii-
folia, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 146. .
Western forests of the Madras Presidency, and in Ceylon up to
4,000 feet, very common.
(Also in Tropical America, Polynesian Islands, North China,
Cape Colony, and the Mascareen Islands.)
3. PeELL@a TambBuril. ({ook.) Stipes 6-9 inches long, erect,
naked, chestnut-brown, polished; fronds about 6 inches each way,
subcoriaceous, whitened beneath, deltoid, with three principal lobes,
the terminal one cut down nearly to the rachis into several broad
opposite lanceolate segments, of which the upper ones are entire and
the lower ones larger and sinuated; lateral lobes with the segments
on the upper side nearly entire, but those on the lower side prolonged
and again deeply lobed, the largest entire divisions about 1 inch deep,
z inch broad at the base; rachis polished ; indusium brownish, con-
‘tinuous, but regularly crenated along the outer edge. Hook. Syn.
Bp 1405 Sp. Fil. i. 4 129A.
Tambur Valley, East Nepal.
§§ Veins not perceptible ; indusium broad, conspicuous.
4A. PELLH#A NITIDULA. (Vall. under Pterts.) Caudex short-
creeping, stout ; stipes 2-5 inches long, very numerous and crowded,
hispid, with subulate deciduous chaffy dark brown scales, and as well
as the rachis (which is downy on one side) ebeneous; fronds 3—4 or
rarely 5 inches long, subdeltoid-oblong acuminate (sterile ones
broader), coriaceous, shining beneath, glabrous, pinnate-pinnatifid,
below subbipinnate ; pinnz approximate, nearly opposite, broad-
lanceolate dimidiate (the inferior half broadest), deeply pinnatifid
nearly to the rachis, lowest pair again subpinnate and the secondary
pinnee pinnatifid ; lobes all oblong entire or sinuate, gradually coming
to a sharp point, the lower base decurrent, the lowest inferior lobes
102 +(FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
the longest; involucres subintramarginal, continuous or here and
there interrupted, broad, flat, membranaceous, brown, close-pressed,
frequently lobed and crenated and transversely wrinkled. Wad.
Cat. p. 89. Cheilanthes nitidula, ook. Sp. Hil. ul. p. 1125; Syn. Fil.
p. 149. Bedd. F. B. ft. 222. (The involucres are sometimes eon.
tinuous as in Pteris, sometimes interrupted and quite lke Cheil-
anthes.) :
Kashmir, 3,000—-6,000 feet, frequent and plentiful to Chumba,
scarce eastwards to Kumaon.
5. PELL#A polvini. (/Zook.) Stipes 4-8 inches long, erect,
naked, black, polished, very brittle; fronds 6—9 inches long, 4-6
inches broad, deltoid to lanceolate, pinnate to tripinnate; pinnee
erect-patent or spreading gradually smaller upwards; ultimate pin-
nules broadly ovate in the more simple forms and Jinear-lanceolate
in the more compound, cordate or rounded at the base, very coria-
ceous, pale and dull beneath; both surfaces naked; veins sunk in the
frond ; sori in a continuous line round the segments; involucre
membranous, $a line broad. Hook. Syn. Lil. p. 149. Ledd. F. S.
/, ¢. 36 (under Pteris).
Nilgiris, Sispara and on the ghat, 4,000—5,600 feet ; Anamallays,
4,000 feet, dry rocky places ; Travancore and Tinnevelly Mountains ;
Ceylon. The Nilgiri and Anamallay plant is the more simple
form (pinnate or bipinnate), as represented in the figure; the
Travancore plant is much larger and more compound, being tri-
pinnate.
(Also in Madagascar and the Mauritius.)
§§§ Veins usually hidden ; industum so narrow as to be soon hidden by
| the sort.
6. PELL#A FALCATA. (/é.) Rhizome wide creeping; stipes
3-6 inches long, strong, erect, more or less pubescent and scaly ;
fronds 6-18 inches long, 1-2 inches broad, linear-oblong, simply
pinnate; pinne 10-20 on each side, nearly sessile, 3-1 inch long,
4—s inch broad, lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, usually mucronate,
often slightly falcate, cuneate, or dilated and cordate at the base:
OO ee
Ce ne ee ee ee a Ne a. oo
(Hook.)
PELLZA BOIVINI.
104 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
texture coriaceous; rachis densely scaly and tomentose, with surfaces —
nearly naked ; veins not visible; sori in broad marginal lines, soon
hiding the narrow involucre... ook. Syn. Fil. p. 151.) Bead ys,
f, ¢. 22 (under Platyloma).
Nilgiris, Anamallays, and elsewhere on the Western mountains
of the Madras Presidency, 2,000—4,000 feet elevation, Malay Penin-
sula ; Ceylon, Telgamma. |
(gon in Australia and New Zealand.)
7. PELLEA CALOMELANOS. (Zizk.) Glabrous, caudex short,
thick, very take ; fronds czespitose, subcoriaceous, oblong-triangular,
bipinnate, pinnules all petiolulate, cordate-
(rarely subhastate-) triangular, very obtuse,
entire, sometimes subtrilobate or sinuate |
at the margin ; the sinus deep and narrow;
veins dichotomously radiated ; sori con-
tinuous ; involucres membranaceous; stipes
short, scaly at the base, and as well as the ©
slender rachises and petioles black-ebe-
: neous, very glossy. Hook. Sp. Fil. iu. p.
N54, 140. Link. fil. Hort. Berol. p. 01, area:
PELLZA FALCATA. (F&.) Syn. fil. p. 152. Pteris calomelanos,
SESS Oy Ley Bedd. HiB. I. 22,
N. W. ‘Himalayas, below Almora, 4,000 feet, Tikri in Sirmow,
5,000-6,000 feet.
(Also in Afcica, from Abyssinia to Cape of Good Hope.)
GENUS XXVIII.—PTERIS. (Zinn.)
(From pzeryx, a wing; the supposed likeness to wings in the branches
of the common Preris aguilina or Bracken.)
Sori marginal, linear, continuous, occupying a slender filiform
receptacle in the axis of the indusium; indusium the same shape as
the sorus, usually membranous, at frst quite covering it, at length
more or less spreading.
N°55.
4
Wa
NN ee
a=
[A S.CATTELL RGOENGEAS,
vo
PTERIS LONGIFOLIA.
100 - FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
1, Preris LonciroLia. (Z.) Stipe 6-12 inches long, stout,
erect, pale, clothed more or less below with pale brown linear scales ;
fronds 1-2 feet long, 4-9 inches broad, oblong-lanceolate, attenuated
below; pinnez sessile, 20-30 on each side, 3-6 inches long, 4-2 inch
broad, linear, entire, truncate or cordate or slightly auricled at the
base ; texture subcoriaceous; rachis naked or slightly scaly below or
throughout; both surfaces naked ; veins close and fine, usually once-
branched ; indusium membranous, yellowish-brown. Linn. Sp. PI.
r530. 200k. Syn. 740 p. 153. Bedd. iS. pee
Madras Presidency, in many localities; throughout Bengal in
the plains and up to 5,000 feet; Ceylon; Birma.
(Also widely distributed all round the world.)
2. Preris cretica. (Z.) Stipes 6-12 inches long, erect, wiry, .
naked, straw-coloured, polished ; fronds 6-12 inches long, 4—8 inches
broad; lateral pinfie usually in 2-6 opposite sessile pairs, of which
the upper one is sometimes a little decurrent, 3-6 inches long 4-¢
inch broad, the sterile ones generally the broadest, spinulose-serrated,
the lowest or even 1-4 other pairs often cleft down nearly to the
base into 2-3 linear pinnules; margins, where barren, spinulose-
serrate ; rachis and both surfaces naked; texture coriaceous ; veins
fume; LelOse. parallel or wide apart in the narrow-segmented forms,
simple or once-forked ; involucre membranous. Lzzn. ALant. p. 130. —
VIOOR SYN. Llp, TSA. BCOd, SMe ie oO:
Madras Presidency, very common from sea-level up to 8,000 feet;
Bengal Presidency, very general up to 9,000 feet ; Ceylon ; Birma.
(Also widely distributed in Africa, Tropical America, South
Europe, and elsewhere.)
Var. § HETEROMORPHA. Pinne abnormally pinnatifid. Pteris
heteromorpha, Hook. Syn. Fil. ~.156. Bedd. &. B. I. t. 89. This
is, I think, only a variety of cretica, not a distinct species.
Birma.
(Also in the Philippine Islands.)
3. Preris PELLUcIDA. (Presi.) Stipes 1 foot or more long,
SS ee
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 107
erect, naked ; fronds 12-18 inches long, ovate-lanceolate, pinnate ;
pinnee acute, sometimes many, sometimes 7, 5, 3, or 1, all simple,
or the lowest pair 2-fid, often 1 inch broad or rather more; margins
where barren, entire, undulate, crisped or crenulate ; rachis naked ;
texture coriaceous, surfaces bright green often glossy; veins fine
Close, simple or forked at right angles from the midrib; indusium
membranous. Presl. Rel. Hank. 55. Hook. Syn. Fil. p.154. Clarke,
Beet 7p. 402. Bedd. F. S. Lt. 38.
Plains and hills of Bengal up to 3,000 feet elevation, Western
forests of Madras Presidency ; Birma.
(Also in Malay Islands, and Guinea Coast.)
VaR. § STENOPHYLLA. Pinnze 3-4 or sometimes 2-1 subdigitate,
fertile pinnee very long and narrow. Hook. and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 130.
Gurwhal and Nepal, 3,000-4,000 feet.
4. Preris HooKERIANA. (Agardh.) Stipes 6-12 inches long,
naked, erect, pale ; fronds coriaceous, opaque, pinnate or bipinnate,
g-12 inches long, 6-9 inches broad, with 2-6 pairs of sessile or
‘stalked alternate or opposite entire pinne, the largest of which 1s
about 6 inches long, #-14 inch broad, the 2-4 lower pairs more
or less pinnatifid; rachis and both surfaces naked; veins about
‘t line apart at the base, simple or once-forked, conspicuous above,
but scarcely visible beneath ; sori slightly intermarginal; indusium
Sriatow. Hook, Syn, Fil. p. 155. Bedd. F. S. L. ¢. go.
Ceylon, Adam’s Peak, about 2,000 feet elevation,and the Southern .
provinces at low elevations.
5. PTERIS DACTYLINA. (/Zook.) Stipes 6-g inches long,
slender, wiry, naked ; fronds digitate, coriaceous, consisting of 3-7
(usually 5) linear glabrous pinnz, 2-6 inches long by 13-2 lines
broad, the barren margins serrate; veins wide apart, thick and
conspicuous, simple or forked; indusium broad. Hook. Syn. Fil.
fmscs, edd. FB. /. t. 23.
Khasya, 4,200 feet elevation ; Sikkim.
6. PTERIS ENSIFORMIS. (Burm.) Stipes up to to inches long,
108 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA“AND CEvitonm
naked; fronds subcoriaceous, more or less dimorphous, up to 12
inches long by 3-6 inches broad, fertile ones with a long terminal
pinna, and 2-4 pairs of lateral ones which are simple, forked, trifid
or even more compound, the lateral lobes being pinnatifid, the seg-
ments very narrow, ¢ inch or less broad, entire; sterile fronds gene-
rally smaller, more compound, the. lateral pinnz being pinnate,
sharply toothed, and much broader than in the fertile ; veins forked
or simple, diverging at about two-thirds of a right angle from the
midrib, very close together. Burm. Fl. Ind. p. 230. Hook. Syn.
Fil. ~. 155- Pteris crenata (Sw.), Bedd.
e FOS IAT: 35-
Malabar, rare; Hills of Vizagapa-
tam district, common; plains of East
Bengal, Bhotan to Chittagong; Ceylon ;
Birma ; and Malay Peninsula.
(Also in Tropical Australia, China,
and Polynesia.)
ff
f
WIZ
Var. 6 GREVILLEANA. Margin of
the frond, where barren, with some
spinulose teeth, lowest pinnze in the
barren frond often pinnate, the seg-
ments or pinnules acute. Clarke, F
N.T. p. 464. This was included under
cretica inthe Kew Herbarium, but Mr.
Clarke has referred it here on account
of the venation, and much divided
Jower pinne; it has more the habit of cretica, I think, than of
ensiformis.
Sylhet, Mishmee, Khasya, Chittagong Hills.
rs
NY
(GEER
LLG
ALLS
Nes Sey.
N° 56
PTERIS DACTYLINA. (ook.)
7. PrERIS GriFFITHU. (Hook.) A foot and more high,
slender graceful ; caudex none; roots of tufted fibres; frond ovate -
lanceolate, submembranaceous pinnate, upper pinnee simple, 2 or 3
of the lower pairs again pinnated simple; pinne and _ pinnules
exactly linear, 4-1¢ inch long, obtuse, mostly opposite, everywhere
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
10)
entire sessile, with the base adnate and jdecurrent, so as to form a
narrow wing to the rachis; lowest pinnules of the inferior pinnee
sometimes again divided, terminal
pinnule always elongated ; veins
distant, once-forked, veinlets di-
varicating; sori continuous, in-
volucres sub-intramarginal, mem-
branaceous, not reaching to the
apex; stipes slender, longer
than the fronds, stramineous-
brown and a little scaly at the
base. Hook. Sp. Fil. ii. p. 170,
eee Beda. FF. BLL. ft. 24:
Mishmee.
8. PTERIS SEMIPINNATA. (Z.)
Stipes strong, erect, dark brown,
polished, hispid at the base, and
then furnished with linear scales ;
fronds 12-18 inches long, 6-9
inches broad, ovate-lanceolate,
the upper part cut down nearly to
the rachis into numerous close
entire linear lobes, the largest
of which are 14-3 inches long,
+1 inch broad, the lower two-
thirds with 6-8 pairs of opposite
distantly placed pinnez, with long
linear entire points and a broad
Ke SSH
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PTERIS GRIFFITHII. (ZZo0%.)
entire wing on the upper side of the rachis, the lower side with several
linear pinnules 1-2 inches long, + inch broad ; texture scarcely coria-
ceous ; barren segment finely serrated ; rachis and surfaces naked ;
veins simple or once-forked, 4
membranous.
Pao d. L.2. 34.
inch apart at the base; involucre
Hlook «Syn. File p.. 157.
Linn. SpvFl, T5240), Bead.
I1IO FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
East Bengal, Assam to ne eete up to 1,000 bass 'Traneeee.
Hills ; Birma.
(Aiba i in Malay Islands, China, and Japan.)
In Indian examples the pinnz are always semipinnate, but
in Chinese and Japanese forms the HERG margin of the pinne
is also pinnatifid.
g. Preris DaLHousi®. (fook.) Stipes
strong, erect, about 1 foot high, polished,
naked ; fronds 2—3 feet long, 12-18 inches
broad, 3-4 pinnatifid ; upper pinnee linear,
unbranched decurrent down to the next pair,
lower ones sometimes 1 foot long, deltoid ;
pinnules with simple or branched linear
segments, the longest undivided ones 6
inches long, 4-2 inch broad, those of the
pinne with usually about 1 inch between
them; the margins very slightiy serrated ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and surfaces
naked ; veins fine, simple, or once-forked ;
indusium narrow-membranous. Zook. Syn.
Fil. ». 157. -Bedd. F Bo tomes
Penang.
PTERIS SEMIPINNATA. (Z.)
10. PTERIS QUADRIAURITA. (efz.) Stipe glabrous or scabrid;
fronds very variable in size and texture, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
with 3-11 subopposite pairs of pinnee; in the typical form all except
the lowest pair are narrowly oblong acuminate or caudate, and cut
down nearly to the rachis into many uniform segments, which are
obtuse or acute entire or serrated, and the lowest pair bipartite ; but
in some forms several or nearly all the pinnz are bipartite, and the
lowest or two lower pairs have several pinnz descending from the
lower side, and in one form the lowest pair is completely bipinnate
with five pinnz on each side of the rachis; veins conspicuous,
~
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. _ III
usually once-forked ; lowest veins reaching the margin above the sinus
when very deeply cut, at the sinus when less deeply cut; sori gene-
rally partial on the segments, rarely continued to the apex. Ledész.
Oran sc. Hook. Syn. Fil. p.158. Bedd. F. S. 1. t. 31.
Throughout India, Ceylon, and the Malay Peninsula, from the
plains up to 8,000 feet, very common.
_ (Also all round the world throughout the tropics and a little
beyond them.) ‘
The following varieties are tolerably constant even in cultivation :
VaR. ( ARGENTEA. | Like the type, but with broad white
bands down the centre of the pinnee.
Nilgiris and Western mountains of the Madras ee. only
at high altitudes ; much in cultivation even in England.
VAR. y ASPERICAULIS. Rachis and nerves red; stipe and
rachis asperous, generally very rigid, coriaceous, and shining. (Often
called rubro-nerva. )
Wynaad, Coorg, and elsewhere on the western side of Madras
Presidency, 3,000—4,000 feet elevation.
_ Var. 6 SETIGERA. Rachises and costules setigerous, very
membranaceous in texture, nearly all the pinnz bipartite, the lowest
_ pair with sometimes several pinnze descending along the lower side.
Bea. i. B. J. f. 202.
Coorg and Malabar : Moulmein on limestone rocks.
VAR. € LUDENS. Pinnules very abnormally cut, sometimes
_ only with a waved margin for the greater length, then developing
normal segments, then again narrowing into only the waved margin.
Bedd. F. S. I. tabs. 41 and 219 (under Otaria.) «
Malabar, Quilon ; Ceylon.
Mr. Clarke gives the following varieties for Northern India :
VAR. ¢ KHASIANA. The lowest pinnz with 5 secondary pinnz
112 FERNS OF BRITISH JNDIA AND CEYLON.
on each side of the rachis (z. ¢. completely bipinnate), those of the
upper margin little smaller than those of the lower.
Khasya, 3,000 feet elevation.
Mr. Clarke says it graduates into the type.
Var. 7 BLUMEANA. Lateral pinnee with 50-60 segments, which
are 1 inch long by 4 inch broad, equally wide throughout or broader
at apex, not falcate, obtuse, rounded, entire or crenulate at the barren ~
apex. Avery large fern: | (Clave, 7, qv Jit aie
Chittagong ; Tenasserim ; Singapore.
Much the habit of longipinnula.
VaR. 9 SUBINDIVISA. (SP. Clarke.) Small, with only 3 pinne,
terminal one 6 inches long, with many segments, lateral pair hardly
longer than the segments of the terminal pinna, or subobsolete.
Bhotan, Sikkim bed of the Teesta, 1,000 feet elevation.
Mr. Clarke bas constituted this a species in‘ his work on the
“Ferns of Northern India,” but he now agrees that it is only a
variety of quadriaurita. Clarke, F. NV. J. ¢. 56.
(Mr, Clarke’s variety major has arched veins and is Campteria
biaurita. )
11. PYERIS GREVILLEANA. (Wall.) Dimorphic, barren stipe
shorter, winged towards the apex; barren frond pedately 5-fid,
scarcely pinnate, margin spinulose-serrate; fertile frond with 5
pinne, the lower pair bipartite, veins exceedingly obscure. Wall.
Cat. 2,680. . Agardh, Kecens.:-Gen. Pier, 23.. Clarke eae
Sylhet, Cachar, Shapoor.
Suspiciously like gquadriaurita, except that the fronds are
dimorphic. Mr. Clarke thinks it is more nearly allied to ensiformis.
12. PTERIS LONGIPINNULA. (Wadl.) Stipes erect, naked, 2-3
feet ; fronds up to 3 feet long, and 18 inches broad, pinnate ; pinnee
about 5 pairs, large, rather distant, deeply pinnatifid, segments entire,
blunt, falcate, not distant, 14-234 inches long, 3-3 inch broad, apex
usually barren, crenate, or subentire, the lowest pair undivided, or
rarely bi-partite ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and surfaces naked ;
eee 8 ee ee ee
| :
se ‘
Pieret eo, ee s he 5 ed _
ne, ee ee ee sg
NO5Y.
ie
SSSe Za |
(fla
ie
Se eee
DSTORE MS ai:
een
acne
PTERIS PATENS.
SPR nn at i ne
AL LATI LC VENGR BG,
Hook,
(
TI4 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
veins once forked; sori continuous nearly to the apex of the seg- —
ments. ook, Syn. fil. p. 158. Beda. FS Tag ae
Sikkim ; Khasya; Cachar; Sylhet up to 3,000 feet elevation ;
Travancore and Tinnevelly Mountains; Malay Peninsula.
(Also in the Malay Islands.) |
13. PTERIS EXCELSA. (Gaud.) Fronds ample, 5-6 feet long,
submembranaceous, light green, pinnate; pinne large, remote, 6
inches to a foot long, numerous, ovate-lanceolate caudate sessile,
lower ones long-petiolate, lowest pair of pinnee entire, or sometimes
bipartite, all deeply pinnatifid nearly to the costa; segments (2-4
inches long) from a broad base, linear-lanceolate obtuse serrated
subfalcate, lower base decurrent, veins free, forked at or near the
middle or 3-4 branched; very rarely a few veinlets anastomose; in-
volucres continuous from the base almost to the apex, rather broad;
stipes very stout and flexuose; rachises bright castaneous glossy.
Flook, Sp. Fil. ti. 183. . Gaud. in Fréyc. Voy. Bot. p. 2830 eae
VOM Lat 21:8.
Kumaon, Gurwhal; Dalhousie, 4,000-8,o00 feet elevation ;
Sikkim, 8,o00-9,000 feet; Nynee Tal.
(Also in the Sandwich Islands.)
14. PTERIS PATENS. (//ook.) Caudex erect; stipes numerous,
stout, scaly at their base, rachis stout, glabrous; fronds ample, erect,
strict, membranaceous, pinnate; lower pinne bi-tripartite; pinne
8-16 inches long, strict horizontally patent, numerous approximate,
elongate oblong, acuminate, rarely subcaudate, sessile or lower ones
shortly petiolate, deeply (almost to the rachis) pinnatifid; segments
horizontal, very uniform, linear, scarcely acuminate, serrulate where
sterile, the base dilated decurrently-confluent on both sides, especially
at the lower base, sometimes apart; veins all free, simple or once
or twice forked ; sori continuous nearly to the apex. ook. Syn.
fil. u. 177. -Bedd. & S. J. ¢..205., Campteria -patens) ane
flook. Syn. Fil. p. 165. (The supposed narrow costal arches are
only a wing to the rachis.)
Madras Presidency, Carcoor ghat, Wynaad and Travancore Hills,
/
ee Sa IR ce ee ee eT
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 115
2,000-2,500 feet elevation; Ceylon, Dodawilla, Matele and Moo-
roowa forests, above 2,000 feet elevation.
(Also in Borneo, Philippines and Society Islands.)
15. PrERIS LONGIPES. (Yox.) Fronds membranaceous, furnished
above with a few subulate scales on the rachis of the pinnze, and with
hairs on the rachis of the segments, ternately divided, or subpedately
divided into 5—7 segments, lateral divisions multipinnate; pinnee short,
petiolate or subsessile lanceolate acuminate, deeply pinnatifid to
the apex, or with the apex long caudate, segments oblong obtuse
subtruncate, serrated at the sterile portions of the apex; sori lateral
on the segments, never extending to the apex or base ; veins rather
remote, all forked; basal ones arising from the axil of the costule,
and extending to the margin much above the sinus. G. Don. Prod.
fl. Nep. 15. Pteris pellucens, Agardh, Sp. Gen. Pter. 43. Hook.
eee. 19. edd. F. S. 7, ¢. 32. (South Indian. examples
are always ternately divided, but those, from N. India have often 5,
rarely 7, pinne.)
All the western hills of the Madras Presidency, 2,000~-5,000 feet
elevation; Ceylon; Birma; Sikkim, Bhotan; and Khasya 1,009-5,000
feet elevation.
(Also Guinea coast and Guatemala.)
§ Stipes distant from a long creeping rhizome, indusium double.
(Genus Pesia and Ornithopterts of authors.)
16. PTERIS AQUILINA. (Z.) Rhizome stout, creeping under-
ground; stipes about 1 foot long, strong, erect, naked ; fronds 2-6 feet
long, 1-2 feet broad, subdeltoid in outline, only the uppermost pinnz
simple, the next lanceolate cut down nearly or quite to the rachis
into short triangular or linear pinnules, the lowest long-stalked, 1 foot
or more long, with ample lanceolate pinnules which are cut down to
the rachis into numerous lanceolate segments, which are again fully
pinnate ; largest entire ultimate segments 1 inch long, 2 lines broad ;
texture thin or subcoriaceous; rachis andsurfaces naked or pubescent ;
veins close, conspicuous, often twice forked ; involucre double, or the
116 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
inner obsolete. ook. Syn. Fil. p. 163. Linn. Sp. pl. 1533. Bedd.
WEIS TAR,
Throughout India, Ceylon, and the Malay Peninsula on the
mountains, 2,000-8,000 feet elevation.
(Also throughout the whole world, except the Arctic zones and
temperate South America.)
VAR. § ESCULENTA. Ultimate segments distant, linear and elon-
gated. Moulmein and the Malay Peninsula southwards.
GENUS XXIX.—CAMPTERIA. (Presi)
(Kamptos, arched ; the lowest veins meeting and forming an arch.)
As in Pteris, but the lowest veinlets from the base of the vein
or costule of each segment united with the veinlet from the next
-costule, and forming long arches along the costa of the pinnz ; upper
veinlets free.
1. CAMPTERIA BIAURITA. (Lian. under Pteris.) Quite similar
to Pteris quadriaurita, except that the costules of the segments are
connected by a long arching veinlet ; the pinnz are generally less
deeply divided, and the plant is generally larger and coarser, but
these two latter differences cannot be relied on. JLznn. Sp. Pl. 1534,
under Pteris: ook. Syn. Fil. p. 164. Bédd. FS. 7.0. ame
Western parts of Madras Presidency up to 6,000 feet; not
common. Pretty general throughout Northern India from the plains
up to 6,000 feet. Ceylon; Malay Peninsula.
(Also in Malay Islands, China, tropical Africa, and Australia.)
2. CAMPTERIA KLEINIANA. (fves/.) 4-6 feet high; fronds very
large, sub-membranaceous, pedately ovate, pinnate; pinnz sub-sessile
lanceolate with a long acumination; lowest pair with two large pinnz
descending from the lower margin of the costa; all the pinnze deeply
‘pinnatifid (leaving a broad margin on each side of the costa) ;
segments falcate oblong, sterile ones broadly crenated, and fertile ones
118 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
crenated at their sterile apices; basal veins uniting in pairs into an
arch below the sinus (one generally proceeding from the costa, the
other from the costule), and bearing 3-4 free veinlets; other veinlets
forked, terminating in dots within the margin; indusium never reach-
ing the base or apexof the segments.
1 inch or more apart at the base, all stalked except towards the apex,
erect-patent, linear, 4—6 inches long, {—? inch broad, narrowed at the
base on both sides, and at the apex, where it is toothed ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; veins prominent; fertile fronds similar, but the pinnze
more distant and narrowly linear; rachis erect naked. away; texture herbaceous ;
| ~~ . veins: ‘obscure, . smmplemman
\ rie forked; sori linear-oblong,
We
NU ees short, oblique, confined to the
the 4 /———— lower side, or 1-4 on each side
Z Fy ZA) see of the midrib. Willd. Sp. Fi..
Ze 7-7 ov. 329. Hook. Syn Fal. pe
210, Bedd. F.55, Jaana
South India, abundant in
moist woods at the higher ele-
vations onthe Nilgiris, Pulneys
ASPLENIUM PARADOXUM. (Blume.) and Anamallays ; Ceylon, rare.
(Also in Tropical America, the West Indies, and Africa, Angola,
and Congo.)
23. ASPLENIUM UNILATERALE. (Lam.) Stipes scattered slender,
naked, dark brown, polished or grey, and opaque, 4-8 inches long ;
fronds 6-15 inches long, lanceolate-oblong ; pinnze 10-30 pairs
sub-sessile horizontal 1-3 inches long, by 1-1 inch broad, in shape
almost dimidiate, two-thirds of the lower side being entirely cut away,
the apex acute or bluntish, all except the truncate part incised, the
upper half of the base narrowed nearly at a right angle; texture
thinly-herbaceous ; rachis usually polished like the stem, or green and
.
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 153
opaque ; veins once or twice forked ; sori not reaching either midrib
or margin, often quite allantodioid in South Indian examples.
Meme Fc, i. 305. Lfook. Syn. Fil. p. 210, under resectum. edd.
ee. 7) 7. 132, under resectum.
Madras Presidency, in all the Western forests up to 5,000 feet ;
Himalayas from Chumba to Bhotan 1,coo-5,ooo feet ; common
eastward of Nepal; Chittagong; Ceylon ; Malay Peninsula.
(Also in the Malay Islands, Polynesia, Japan and Tropical
Africa.)
VAR. § RIVALE. (Sedd.) Pinnze 30-40 pairs, close set and
much smaller than in the type, being only + inch broad, less cut
and almost a parallelogram in shape ; ‘sori confined to the apex ; in
habit resembling normale, var. (3.
Pulney Hills and Anamallays, only in beds of rivers.
VaR. y. UDUM. (AZkinson.) Pinne very transparent and mem-
branaceous, smaller than in the type, very oblique, and the cutting
' often fimbriate. (edd. Supp. Ferns. ¢. 357, as var. decurrens.)
Himalayas; Dalhousie, 5,500 feet elevation, and other localities,
pendant from dripping rocks.
VaR. 6 DELICATULUM. (favish.) Fronds and pinnz, much
smaller than in the type, the latter less obliquely cut away on the
lower side, and the main vein further from the margin. edd. Supp.
EFS. 350.
Tenasserim, on trees, 3,000 feet elevation. I have only seen
one specimen sent by Mr. Parish.
24. ASPLENIUM HETEROCARPUM. (JWVai/.) Stipes scattered,
firm, erect chestnut-coloured, polished ; fronds up to 2 feet, of which
the stipe is 6-8 inches, membranaceous, glabrous, linear in outline,
pinnz numerous (40 or more), dimidiate, nearly the whole of the
_ lower margin being cut away, about 1 inch long by #¢ inch broad ;
upper margin and apex deeply cut, the segments being again bifid ;
lower margin entire ; sori confined to the segments and directed up-
maras, Vall, Cat. 218. Hook. Syn. Fil. p..210. Bedd. F. S. I. t. 131.
Madras Presidency, not uncommon in the Western forests,
4,000-7,000 feet elevation; Himalayas from Nepal to Bhotan,
154 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
4,000-8,000 feet; Khasya, 3,000-5,000 feet; Malay Peninsula ;
Ceylon, central provinces, above 3,000 feet.
(Also in south-east China and Borneo.)
25. ASPLENIUM LACINIATUM. (JDoz.) Stipes and rachis with
lanceolate cr linear scales ; fronds linear, up to nearly 2 feet long ;
pintz numerous, alternate or subopposite, linear-oblong or half
ovate, very much cut away, and unequal at the base, slightly pin-
natifid, with the segments serrated, or more or less deeply pinnatifid
nearly to the rachis and the segments distant ; texture subcoriaceous :
veins very oblique; sori copious. Don. Prod. Fl. Nep. p. 8. Hook.
Syn. Lil. p. 211. Bedd. FS. Ft, 145.. Aspl. > planieamle
(Wallich), “Zook. Syn. fil. 211. Bedd. FS. Fina
The typical laciniatum of North India Las the pinnee elungated
and much narrowed towards the apex, and deeply cut into distent
segments ; typical planicaule of S. India has very short, half ovate
pinnee, scarcely at all cut; there are however many connecting links,
and it is impossible, I think, to separate them even as constant
varie ies. Var. depauperatum (C/arke) is also found in S. India,
but is, I believe, only a starved form.
Madras Presidency, all the Western mountains, 3,000-8,000
feet ; Himalayas, Gurwhal to Bhotan ; Khasya ; Ceylon.
(Also in Japan.) |
VAR. CRINIGERUM. (JSedd.) Pinnee all more deeply and finely
cut than any typical Jaciniatum ; stipe very short ($ inch), and very
scaly ; rachis Censely scaly ; pinnze with long hair-like scales on the
nerves beneath.
South India, cn the Balarangam Mountains (Mysore), and on
Myhendra Mountains near Ganjam, 3,000—4,000 feet elevation. .
26, ASPLENIUM PUMILUM. (Szv.) Stipes tufted, 3-4 inches long
erect, glalrous or sparingly pubescent; fronds 2-6 inches each
way deltoid, the upper part sinuated only, the lower cut into
distinct pinnee, of which the lowest pair is much the largest and often
pinnatifid nearly to the midrib ; texture herbaceous ; sori very oblique,
the lower ones sometimes #—1 inch long. Sz. AZ. Znd. Cec. ut 1610.
(West Indies and Central America.)
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AG CATTOUL&COENCRAS
ASPLENIUM HETEROCARPUM. (JVa//.)
NO77,
156 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
VaR. HYMENOPHYLLOIDES. (/é.) Fronds smaller, pubescent
or ciliate on both surfaces ; texture exceedingly thin, with prominent
venation ; pinnse obtuse. fe, 77h. Alem... 54. & 15. J. tere
India, p. 482,
Mt. Aboo, Rajaputana, 4,000 feet elevation.
(Also in Abyssinia.)
xx * * FHyonds bt-quadripinnate.
27. ASPLENIUM Ruta-MuRARIA. (Zinn) Stipes tufted, 2-4
inches long, slender, wiry, naked, ebeneous towards the base ; fronds
1-2 inches long, about 1 inch broad, glabrous, deltoid, cut down to
the rachis into a few pinnz on each side, the lower ones,again cut
down into spathulate cuneate pinnules, which are serrated round the
outer edge; texture coriaceous ; rachis firm, green, naked; veins
flabellate ; sori copious ; margin of indusium fimbriate. zum. Sf.
PLUsAt. Look. Syn. fu. 212. Bedd. Fi Brchapiae
Kashmir.
(Also in Europe, North Africa, Thibet, Siberia, and the United
States.)
28. ASPLENIUM PEKINENSE. (ffance.) Stipes tufted, 1-3
inches long, with a few linear scales near the base; fronds 2-6
inches long, narrowly oblong, shining, glabrous, with several lanceo- |
late-deltoid pinnze on each side, which are cut down to a compressed
rachis into several ovate rhomboidal pinnules on each side, which
are again pinnatifid (hence it is bipinnate sub-tripinnate), ultimate
segments linear-cuneate, sharply forked or toothed at the apex, entire
below ; sori 2-6 to a pinnule, ultimately confluent ; involucre entire.
Hance in Seem. Journ. Bot. v. 262. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 213. Clarke,
WEIN A. 645,60. Js 2:
Kashmir ; Jhelum Valley, 2,000-2,500 feet elevation.
(Also in China and Japan.)
29. ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM. (ZLzum.) Stipes tufted,
6-9 inches long, nearly glabrous, polished; fronds bi-tripinnate,
deltoid to lanceolate, 6-12 inches long, 4-6 inches broad at the
base ; pinnee numerous, the lower ones deltoid, their lower pinnules
again stalked and completely pinnate and lanceolate deltoid in
ae “iP
ona] ers
'
ne A, 4
te 7
* |
:
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 157
shape, the ultimate segments ovate or oblong, acutely serrate, texture
coriaceous ; veins obscure, oblique ; sori copious, involucre with an
emireimarem. L777, Sp. Fl.1541. Hook. Syn. fil. p. 214.. Bedd.
ea. J. t. 62. |
Kashmir, 5,000-8,000 feet, extending to Dalhousie and Chumba.
~ (Also in Europe, North Asia, North Africa, South Africa and
its islands, and Sandwich Islands.)
30. ASPLENIUM FURCATUM. (Zhundb.) Stipes tufted, 4-8
inches long, clothed with deciduous woolly hairs, as is the rachis ;
fronds coriaceous, 6-18 inches long, 4—6 inches broad ; pinnz 12-20
pair, lanceolate-deltoid, #-1 inch broad, cut down throughout nearly to —
the rachis into linear-cuneate pinnules, which are sharply serrated, on
the outer edge; veins flabellate, deeply channelled; sorilinear. Thumb.
meget, 172. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 215. Bedd. FS. I. t. tA.
South India, common on the higher Western mountains,
Ootakamund, &c.; Ceylon, 5,000—7,000 feet.
(Also in Tropical America, Polynesian Islands, Australia, Cape
Colony, Abyssinia, Mascareen Islands, and Canaries.)
31. ASPLENIUM AFFINE. (Swartz.) Stipes 6-12 inches long,
firm, erect, grey, nearly naked; fronds 12-18 inches long, 6-12
inches broad; pinnz numerous on each side, the lower ones
lanceolate-rhomboidal, cut down to the rachis into numerous distinct
rhomboidal pinnules, 4-6 inches long, 14—2 inches broad, which are
incised or deeply lobed; texture subcoriaceous; rachis firm,
naked ; veins subflabellate ; sori copious, linear. Sz. 7x Schr. Sour.
1,800. 11. 56. Hook. Syn. Fil. 215. Asp. spathulinum (J.5m.), Bedd..
fr. S. I. t. 226 (probably taken from a specimen of furcatum and not
Jrom affine as represented at Kew.)
Ceylon.
(Also in Mascareen Islands, Philippines, Borneo, Fiji, and
Sandwich Islands.)
32. ASPLENIUM NITIDUM. (Szarfz.) Stipes 1 foot long, firm,
erect, greyish, naked; fronds 2-3 feet long, 1 foot broad ; pinnze
numerous, lanceolate-deltoid, the lowest 6-9 inches long, 2-3 inches
broad, cut down to the rachis into numerous stalked subdeltoid
GS FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA. AND CEYLON.
pinnules, which are again cut down to the rachis into broad flabellate
cuneate segments, serrated round the outer edge; texture subcori-
aceous ; rachis firm, grey, naked ; veins channelled, flatellate ; sori
short, radiant. Sw. Synz. Fil. p.280. Hook. Syn. fil. p. 215. eeu
FS. J. ¢. 148, 149. Aspl-laserpitiufolium, Bedd. 72S 5 ieee
Sikkim, Bhotan, Assam; Khasya, Cachar, 1,000-4,000 feet
elevation ; Ceylon ; Madras Presidency in the Western forests ; Malay
Peninsula.
(Also in Malay Islands and S. Africa.)
33. ASPLENIUM FONTANUM. (Sernh.) Stipes tufted, 2-4
inches long, wiry, slender, glabrous; fronds 3-6 inches long, 1-13
inches broad, oblong-lanceolate ; pinnze numerous, the lower ones
reduced, often somewhat remote, pinnate, pinnatifid or only toothed ;
texture herbaceous, rachis and surfaces bright green ; veins oblique; sori
copious, covering nearly the whole segment. Lernh. in Schrad. Neu.
Jour. t pt. 1. 26. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 216. Bedd. LB. Tg ieee
Himalayas, from Kashmir to Gurwhal, 5,c00o-9,000 feet.
(Also in Europe.)
Var. f} Ex{GUUM. Frondsless divided and more narrow, and
an ebeneous rachis. Asp. exiguum, Bedd. F. S. 7. ¢. 146.
Nilgiris, Kulhatty ; Himalayas.
34. ASPLENIUM VARIANS. (ffook and Grev.) Stipes tufted,
1-3 inches long, slender, naked, greenish ; fronds 4-6 inches long,
t inch broad, oblong-lanceolate ; pinnz 8-12 pair, the lower ones
subdeltoid 3—$ inch long, 1-2 inch broad, cut down to the rachis
into a few cuneate flabellate pinnules, the lowest two lines across,
sharply toothed on the outer edge ; texture thin, herbaceous ; rachis,
slender, naked, green; veins, one carried into each tooth; sori
copious. fook. Syn. Fil..210. “Bead. FS. Voie
South India, common on the Nilgiris and the mountains on
the west side, 3,000 feet upwards; Himalayas, 6,000-10,000 feet,
rarer eastwards ; Ceylon, 3,000 feet and upwards.
A form found at Kulhatty on the Nilgiris, quite runs into the
European lanceolatum. Another form on the Tinnevelly hills west of
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 159
_ Courtallum has short deltoid fronds fully 2 inches across at the base,
and broader pinnules.
(Also in South Africa, North China and Japan.)
35. ASPLENIUM BULBIFERUM. (Jorst.) Stipes tufted, 6-12
inches long, firm, erect, scaly near the base, sometimes hairy through-
out ; fronds 1-4 feet long, oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 pinnate ;
pinnze many pair, horizontal, often proliferous from the upper
surface, the largest eight inches long, and two inches broad, cut down
to a compressed winged rachis, into many lanceolate-deltoid pinnules
which are cut into slightly toothed linear oblong flaccid segments ;
texture herbaceous; veins firm, pinnate ; sori oblong, large, often
filling the whole segment. orst. Hl. Ins. Aust. Prod. 80. Hook.
Syn. Fil. p. 218. Bedd. F. B. I. ¢. 65, as bullatum (Wall.)
Nepal, Sikkim, Bhotan, Khasya, 2,000-6,000 feet ; Penang.
(Also in Australia, New Zealand, Mexico, New Caledonia,
Natal, and the East African Islands.)
36. ASPLENIUM TENUIFOLIUM. (Don.) Stipes tufted, 3-6
inches long, slender, glabrous, or with a few hairs; fronds green,
thinly herbaceous, up to 20 inches long, lanceolate, 3-4 pinnate ;
pinnze many pair, the lower ones 3 inches long by 3? inch
broad, lower pinnule subdeltoid, cut down to a narrowly winged
rachis into spathulate segments, quarter inch or less broad, sharply
cut on the outer edge ; veins solitary; sorl 1-2 toa segment. Lon,
meeeyep. &.° Fook. Syn, fil. p.220. Bedd. £. WS. 1. t. 130.
South India, higher ranges of the Nilgiris, Pulneys, and
Anamallays; Ceylon at Newera Elya; Himalayas, Nepal to Bhotan
5,000-9,000 feet; Khasya, 4,000—5,500 feet; Birma.
**** * CTtmate division of the frond, narrow, linear; sort
linear or linear-oblong, marginal or submarginal. Darea of authors.
37. ASPLENIUM RUTFOLIUM. (Kunze.) Stipes tufted, 6-9
inches long, compressed, greenish, glabrous; fronds 6-15 inches
long, narrowly oblong, glabrous, bipinnate, the rachis often pro-
longed, naked, and rooting at the apex; pinnz 12-20 pair, the
lowest sub-deltoid, two inches or more long, cut down to the rachis
to many erect-patent distant pinnules on each side, the lowest on
oe va
ASPLENIUM TENUIFOLIUM, (Doz.)
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 161
the upper side agian cut into erect-patent linear segments, the lowest
on the under side suppressed ; texture coriaceous ; rachis compressed ;
sori linear marginal. ze. im Linnea, x. 521. Hook. Syn. Fil, p.
fae) bead. £. S. /. ¢. 138.
South India, on the Tinnevelly Mountains; Ceylon, Singhe Rajah
Forest ; Himalayas, Bhotan, and Mishmee; Khasya.
(Also in South Africa, Japan and Fiji.)
38. ASPLENIUM BELANGERI. (4ze.) Caudex short, stout,
erect; stipes densely tufted, 4 inches to a span long, compressed
upwards, greenish ; fronds 1--15 feet long, narrow-oblong (the sides
almost forming a parallelogram), acuminated only at the apex,
sparingly stellate-squamulose beneath, here and there proliferous,
-subchartaceous, pale green, bipinnate, primary pinne from 1-2
inches long, horizontally patent, singularly uniform in the whole
length, linear obtuse, nearly sessile, again pinnated (or they may be
said to be deeply pinnatifid), pinnules or segments 2-3 lines long,
linear-clavate, or subspathulate, obtuse, straight, or a little curved,
decurrent, with the rachis simple monosorous, or the lowest superior
one is bifid or subpinnatifid; veins solitary central; sori large,
conspicuous, occupying nearly the length of the pinnule, marginal ;
involucres of the same colour and texture almost of the frond ; main
rachis compressed, partial ones distinctly winged. Zook. Sp. Fil. iii.
peeetsya, fal. . 223. Bedd. F. B. TL. t. 287.
The Malay Peninsula.
(Also in Java, Sumatra, and Borneo.)
GENUS XLI.—ATHYRIUM. (Rot/.)
(Derivation unknown.)
As in Asplenium, but the involucres, or at least many of them,
more or less curved, often horseshoe-shaped, rarely quite uniform as
in Lastrea.
1, ATHYRIUM SPINULOSUM. (JZax.) Stipes 6-12 inches long,
scattered, firm, erect, straw-coloured, furnished more or less with
pale brown lanceolate scales ; fronds 6-12 inches, deltoid, as broad as
long, 3-pinnate ; pinnee g-12 pairs, lowest the largest, 21~3 inches
A?
fomnlee
UEC
ae
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 163
broad, ovate-lanceolate ; pinnules lanceolate, cut down to the rachis
on each side into 6-9 oblong rhomboidal segments two lines long,
one line broad, which are sharply toothed or crenated; texture
herbaceous ; rachis naked or nearly so; sori 2-10 toa segment ;
indusium slightly curved, or horseshoe-shaped, very small and thin.
Cystopteris, Max. Hl: Amur. 340. Baker in Hook. Syn. Fil. -225,
under Asplenium. Athyrium subtriangulare (Hook), Bedd. &. B. 7.
Zt 242. The supposed species, or variety, subtriangulare, does not
differ from spinulosum, except that the teeth are less spinulose ; it
cannot, I think, be considered even a variety. . /
Sikkim 10,000-12,000 feet; Lachen, Samding, Yeumtong.
(Also in Manchuria, Amurland and Korea.)
2. ATHYRIUM ATKINSONI. (Ledd.) Stipes 6-12 inches long,
erect, straw-coloured, furnished towards the base with a fewlong narrow
-pale-coloured scales; fronds 10-12 inches long, triangular, 10-12
inches broad at basal pinnee, gradually narrowing upwards, tripinnate,
with the tertiary pinnze deeply pinnatifid ; pinnze 7-8 pairs, the lowest
much the largest, about three inches broad; texture herbaceous,
naked, secondary pinnze with the rachis winged, but the pinnules
(tertiary pinnee) often distinctly petioled, at least in the lower portion
of the pinnee, pinnatifid $—3 down, the segments being more or less
crenated; sori one to each segment on the basal vein, linear, curved
or almost reniform, never double ; veins terminating just within the
margin. Bedd. Fern. Sup. p. 11, t. 359.
Sikkim at high levels.
(Clarke's variety Andersont ts Athyrium fimbriatum, var.
spheropteroides.)
3. ATHYRIUM HOHENACKERIANUM. (X2ze.) Stipes tufted, 2-4
inches long, clothed throughout rather closely with linear-subulate
scales; fronds 6-18 inches long, 13~3 inches broad, ovate-lanceo-
late ; pinnze in numerous pairs, lanceolate, 1-2% inches long, cut
nearly or quite to the rachis into ovate or oblong serrated pinnules ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis naked upwards, scaly below ; sori copious ;
involucre conspicuous, linear-oblong, curved or horseshoe-shaped.
Panes. li. p. 225. DBedd. #..S. £. ¢. 157.
!
164 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
Madras Presidency in the Western Forests, from the plains up
to 4,000 feet ; Ceylon, Scinde.
4. ATHYRIUM FALCATUM. (Sedd.) Stipes 1-9 inches long with
many linear golden scales at the base; fronds 6—14 inches long, with
the rachis above dilated or winged,’ Jinear-lanceolate, narrowed at
both ends, pinnz 15-20 on each side, sessile, alternate, 1-14 inch
long, by +—4 inch broad, falcate-ovate, deflexed, obtuse or acumi-
nate, generally with a large obtuse auricle at both the superior and
inferior base, above pinnatifid
almost half down to the costa;
segments obtuse, crenated ; sori
numerous on each side cf the
costa, at length confluent and
covering the whole or nearly the
whole of the under surface.
Bedd. #. S. Lt. 151. Asspiermenian
drepanophyllum, Saker, Syn.
TU 220).
South India, Anamallay
Hills, dry grassy places 5,000
feet. Myhenda Hill near Ber-
‘
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KANN
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shawer ; Parasnath 4,000 feet.
5. ATHYRIUM THELYPTE-
ROIDES. (AZichx.) Stipes 6-8
ATHYRIUM FALCATUM. (Zcdd.)
inches or more, furnished at the base with large lanceolate thin light
coloured scales ; fronds generally about 3 feet long and 8 inches broad,
lanceolate, gradually narrowed towards the base ; pinne numerous,
erect-patent, ?-1 inch broad, cut three-quarters of the way to the
rachis or more into oblong blunt crenated segments ; sori in close
regular rows, short, oblong; indusium persistent. d/zchx. Ll. Bor.
Am. 11. 268. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 226. ,
FINIAZI IY PI VF
NODYOBRZ npr
"bi (ob, /of off.
~ SHON
AWS. CATTELL &CO ENGRAS.
POLYSTICHUM AURICULATUM. (ZLzzz.)
200 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
6. POLYSTICHUM ILICIFOLIUM. (ZDoz.) Stipes densely tufted,
2-4 inches long, clothed with large scales throughout ; fronds linear
or lanceolate, not attenuated at the base, very coriaceous, -pinnate ;
pinne either small simple triangular or subrhomboidal, or much
larger and again pinnate, naked on both sides and shining, angles spinu-
lose-mucronate ; rachis fibrillose ; sori mostly in two rows, usually large;
-indusium peltate; veinsimmersed. Don. Prod. Fl. Nep. 3. Hook.
Syn. £il. 251. Polystichum stimulans (Kze.), Bedd. Be Tinga
Himalayas, from Chumbra to Sikkim, 7,000-11,000 feet
elevation.
The smaller forms with simple pinne are very distinct, but the
larger ones with the pes again pinnated, quite graduate into
LESS P. aculeatum, var. rufo-barbatum till it
becomes quite indistinguishable from
forms of that fern, and is probably ee
a variety of it.
7. PoLysticHuM THOMSONI. (/oo2.)
Stipes tufted, 2-4 inches long, fibrillose ;
fronds pinnate linear up to 7 inches
long, subcoriaceous, not gradually atten-
less fibrillose; pinnze cut down almost to
the rachis, bristly serrate, very unequal at
N°103. the base, the lower margin being cut away,
POLYSTICHUM ILICIFOLIUM. the upper with the basal lobe much en-
(Doz) larged ; veins pinnate or forked in the
segments ; sori terminal on a veinlet; indusium peltate, bluntly
crenated or subentire. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 251, and 2nd Cent. Ferns,
bes, onparoomy. Bead. I. B.L.t. 120.
Himalayas ; from Balti to Sikkim, 7,000-13,000 feet elevation.
Very near the smaller forms of Prescottianum, but the stipe is
fibrillose, not scaly. Hocker’s plate 1s taken from specimens of
both species, and it is very BORN that they are only varieties
of the same plant.
uated at the base, both surfaces more or.
<
acs ee ye en EE ee ae ee ee ee ee a ee ee eee
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 207
Var. (9. GRacitis. Fronds smaller, (3-5 inches long with
the stipe by 3—-? inch broad), margin of pinnzecrenate, with a sudden
acumination (not bristly serrate), involucre reniform. Clarke, F. WV. L.
¢. 508. Lastrea gracilis (Moore), Bedd. & B. 7. t. 198. Lastrea
sparsa, var. gracilis, Hook. Syn. Lil. 4098.
Sikkim, 11,500 feet elevation. A very doubtful species, which
Mr. Clarke considers only a variety of Thomsoni, so I place it here
pending further material. Mr. Clarke says that the involucre 1s
polystichoid.
8. POLYSTICHUM ACULEATUM. (Sw.) Stipes tufted, 6-12
inches long, scaly and fibrillose below or throughout; fronds large,
ovate-lanceolate, bipinnate, coriaceous, not attenuated at the base
(or only slightly so insome forms) ; pinnee numerous close lanceolate,
pinnules oblong, unequal. at the base, lower margin excised, upper
generally more or less auricled, margins bristly or spinulose ; texture
more or less coriaceous, under surface generally fibrillose; veins
pinnate or forked in the segments of the pinnules ; sori towards the
apex or at the apex of the lower veinlets. Sw. Schrad. Fourn. iu.
Syn awe. Syn. Lil. p. 252.
Throughout the Indian region on the mountains.
(Also throughout the whole world.)
Var. (3 topatum. (Eng. bot. ¢. 1563.) Fronds narrowly
lanceolate ; pinnze hardly pinnate, the lower secondary pinna sessile,
or decurrent. Clarke, F. NV. I. p. 509.
Throughout the Himalayas.
VAR. ¥. RUFO-BARBATUM. (Wall. Cat. 369.) Fronds bipinnate,
very coriaceous, usually reddish ; stipes densely clothed with large
red scales; rachis with red fibrille ; pinnules naked and fibrillose
beneath, in cutting like ilicifolium. P. aculeatum, Bedd. & S. J. 7.
121. Polyst. brachypterum, Aumze, Vo. 906.
Nilgiris and Western mountains of South India; Himalayas,
from Kashmir to Bhotan.
Var. 6, ANGULARE. (Presi. Newm. 173.) Lax and of thinner
VE
ii
SS oa
RES 3
iy
SEE
SS
7 oy pall
ATTELL&CEENGRAS .
A
!
(Wall.)
RUFO-BARBATUM,
POLYSTICHUM ACULEATUM, VAR.
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 209
texture, pinnules smaller, more numerous, orbicular, rhomboid,
mostly auriculate, the serratures setiferous rather than spinulose.
rae. ff. S. J. 7%. 121.
Nilgiris and Western mountains of South India.
VaR. ¢ SEMIFERTILE. Base of the frond fertile, upper one-
third barren. (Clarke, /. ¢.)
Sikkim.
VAR. 9 BIARISTATUM. (B/. En. Fl. Jav. Fil. 164.) Pin-
nules large, oblong-falcate, sparingly serrate or spinulose; sori
generally round the margin.
Khasya ; Ceylon ; Malay Peninsula.
Var. 0 serosum. (Wall. Cat. 371.) Lower surface of frond
with very long fibrillee; rachis with very large scales as well as
fibrillee, pinnules small, quite entire, except the spinulose apex or with
_yery inconspicuous crenatures to represent the usual lobes; sori
apical on the lower veinlet of the forked or pinnate vein of the
segment (or what would correspond to the segment where the
pinnule is entire).
Himalayas, from Kumaon to Sikkim, 5,o00—8,000 feet elevation.
A well marked form, considered a distinct species by some botanists.
Var. i aNomALUM. (ook. Sp. Fil. iv. 27.) Segments blunt
or slightly mucronate; sori often, but not always, on the upper
surface of the fronds. Polystichum anomalum, Bedd. & S. JL.
Z 219.
Ceylon; Horton plains and Happootalee, 5,000-6,000 feet
elevation.
VaR. « TRAVANCORICUM. (Bedd.) Pinnez rather distant,
lower pair generally deflexed ; pinnules prominently petioled, either
subentire, large broad deltoid, with the lobing blunt not mucronate,
or elongated up to 3 inches long, and pinnatifid or completely pinnate
(except an indistinct wing to the rachis), the pinnules distant and
again bluntly lobed, 3-4 pair below the pinnatifid apex; rachis and
stipe scaly and fibrillose, under surfaces fibrillose.
15
210 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
Travancore and Tinnevelly mountains, 4,000-5,000 feet eleva-
tion. A distinct variety, but evidently a form of aculeatum, the more
entire pinnules are nearest in shape and cutting to those of
anomalum and biaristatum ; the same frond will often have some
pinne with the pinnules short and only slightly lobed, and others
with them all elongate and pinnate or deeply pinnatifid. |
Var. A MuUcRONIFOLIUM. (Bl. En. £1. Fav. Hil. 164:)
Fronds 3-pinnate or sub-3-pinnate. (C/arke, 7. ¢. 509.)
Khasya and Assam ; this is very distinct looking, it is tripinnate
like the last, but very different, being.
finely cut with small pinnules.
9g. POLYSTICHUM PRESCOTTIANUM.
(Wall.) Stipes short, thick, flaccid,
with many straw-coloured scales and —
fibrillee ; fronds from narrow to broad
lanceolate, tapering at the base; pin-
ne either short oblong, 3-1 inch long,
more or less divided, but not to the
rachis, or elongate, 2-3 inches long and
deeply pinnatifid to the rachis or even
pinnate; segments with the margin
serrate and often hair-pointed, more or
less fibrillose beneath. - Wall. Cat.
363. Bedd. F. B. 1, i 24a aes
SW Ul aiG ee |
POLYSTICHUM PRESCOTTIANUM. Himalayas; from Kashmir to
(Wall.) Bhotan, 10,000—13,000 feet elevation.
VaR. 9 BakERIANUM. (Clarke.) Fronds large, very flaccid,
broad-lanceolate, (9-10 inches broad), truncate at the base. Clarke,
We IN. 1-4. 00.
Sikkim ; Yakla, 12,000 feet ; very distinct-looking at first sight,
but evidently only a flaccid variety of the above.
VAR. y CASTANEUM. (Clarke.) Stipe round, naked, scales on
the rachis blackish, pinnze little pinnatifid.
Sikkim, 15,000 feet elevation. -
‘ t
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. - DIE
GENUS L.—CYRTOMIUM. (P7ves/.)
(Derivation not known.) .
Indusium orbicular, peltate ; veins pinnate from a central costa,
the lower anterior veinlets free, the rest angularly and irregularly
anastomosing, forming unequal and subhexagonal areoles within
which are 1~3 excurrent venules, or the upper veinlets only angularly
anastomosing ; fronds pinnate, coriaceous.
1. CYRTOMIUM FALCATUM. (Sz) Stipes tufted, 6-12 inches
long, densely clothed below with large dark scales ; fronds 1—2 feet
long, by 6-9 inches broad, pinnate ; pinne numerous, the lower
ones stalked, ovate-acuminate, falcate, 4—6 inches long, by 1-2 inches
broad, the edge entire or slightly undulated, the upper side narrowed
suddenly, sometimes auricled, the lower rounded or obliquely trun-
cate at the base ; texture coriaceous, both surfaces naked, the upper
one glossy, primary veins from the midrib of the pinnze parallel to
each other nearly to the margin, throwing off pinnately 1-2-3 times
inarching veinlets ; sori small, copious, scattered. Szvartz, Syn. Fil,
weAe. 100k. Syn. £il)-257.
Var. {3 caRyoTIpEuM. (Waoil.) Pinnules larger, sharply
toothed, sometimes deeply lobed towards the base, and generally
with a long sharp auricle on one or both sides at the base. Wal/.
m3 70, Bead. fF. S..L. ¢. 149.
Nilgiris at the higher elevations. Himalayas from Gurwhal
to Bhotan, 3,000—-8,000 feet elevation. Khasya, 3,000-4,000 feet ;
Ceylon. There is also a variety common on the Nilgiris known as
microptera, which has more numerous and much smaller pinne,
scarcely at all auricled or lobed, but it graduates into caryotideum,
though extreme forms look very distinct. The type of falcatum,
which only differs slightly, is from China, Japan, South Africa,
Sandwich Islands, and Madagascar.
2. CyrTomium capucum. (Wall.) Stipes tufted, 1 foot
long, firm erect, stramineous, scaly below ; main rachises sometimes
212 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
with a terminal rooting bud ; fronds 1-2 feet long, 6—9 inches broad,
pinnate; pinne petioled, numerous, narrow lanceolate acuminate,
from subentire to deeply lobed ; texture coriaceous; primary veins
from the midrib of the pinnz repeatedly dichotomous at an acute
angle into nearly equally strong veins, not anastomosing usually till
near the margin, many of them free to the margin; sori rather large
and in two rows half-way between the rachis and the margin, or much
smaller and scattered. Wall. Cat. 381. Hook. Syn. Fil. 257. Bedd.
VEEB eT Ace “Clarke, a Vial pec, |
Himalayas; from Nepal to Bhotan, 4,000—7,000 feet; Khasya,
3,000-5,000 feet elevation. ae
GENUS LI.---ASPIDIUM. (Szwartz.)
(Aspidos, the indusium being like a shield.)
Indusium orbicular or reniform, or sometimes irregular and
abnormal, being linear and curved, or sometimes absent ; veins
compoundly anastomosing with generally free veinlets in the areoles,
receptacles compital or often at the apex of the free veinlets ; fronds
very various, from simple to tripinnatifid, often membranaceous and
flaccid.
1, ASPIDIUM SINGAPORIANUM. (lWadlich.) Rhizome creeping ;
stipes subtufted, those of the fertile fronds 6—12 inches long, fronds
12 inches or more, 2—4 Inches broad, oblong entire, acuminate at the
apex, narrowed rather suddenly and then decurrent gradually at the
base ; texture herbaceous ; primary veins distinct nearly to the edge,
united by transverse arched ones, the areoles of which enclose netted
veinlets, the ultimate ones free; sori numerous, close, 4-6 in a
line between the main veins; indusium peltate orbicular. Nephro-
dium (Baker), Hook. Syn. Fil. 296. Bedd. F. B. fet. 168.
Singapore and the Malay Peninsula.
(Also in the Malay Islands.)
2. ASPIDIUM vasTuM. (/lume.) Rhizome creeping, stipes
scattered, narrowly winged often nearly or quite to the base, fur-
nished with numerous linear subulate brown persistent scales ; fronds
I ; N°106
epeTh
Ags
yh
A.S.CATTELL &COENGRAS.
CYRTOMIUM FALCATUM, VAR. & CARYOTIDEUM. (Wad/.)
214 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
2-4 feet long, cut down to a broadly-winged rachis, into entire linear
oblong pinnze 6-12 inches long, by 1-2 inches broad; texture subco-
riaceous ; main veins distinct nearly to the margin, connected by —
- numerous prominent cross veins forming 7-8 areoles between the
costa and margin, with netted and free veinlets in the areoles; sori
small, scattered on the netted veins; indusium reniform. 4/7 £z.
fl. Fav. Lil. 142, Hook. Syn. Fil. 296. Aspid. alatumy ya
Cat..373. | Sagenta alata, Bedd. 7, B.*7. 7 1Ge,
Hae
x
{
ASPIDIUM SINGAPORIANUM, ASPIDIUM VASTUM. (Blume.)
(Wall.)
East Bengal, up to 1,000 feet elevation; Mishmee; Khasya ;
Chittagong ; Malay Peninsula.
(Also in the Malay Islands.)
3. ASPIDIUM SUBCONFLUENS. (edd.) Stipes tufted, 1-2 feet
long, furnished with dark coloured linear-subulate scales; fronds
about 1 foot each way, triangular in outline, tripartite, lateral pinnz
opposite or subopposite, shortly petioled, unequal sided with the
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 215
upper pinnules small falcate subentire, the lower ones much pro-
duced lanceolate acuminate, the 2-3 basal ones cut about one-third
down into falcate lobes, terminal pinnz deeply pinnatifid, lobes 3-6
inches, pinnatifid a quarter of the way down to the midrib; texture
moderately firm, surface glabrous above, pubescent on the veins
beneath ; veins anastomosing with a few free included veinlets ; sori
scattered, small, generally on the netted veins; indusium variable,
-reniform, curved, horseshoe-shaped or nearly peltate, persistent.
Ledd. Sup. Ferns, t. 364.
Khasya, 3,000-5,000 feet elevation, below Umwai.
4. ASPIDIUM SEMIBIPIN-
NATUM. (Wall. under Poly-
podium.) Stipes 1 foot or
more long, pale brown, naked ;
fronds 12-18 inches long, 6—9
inches broad, terminal pinnze
linear-oblong, 6-9 inches long,
1 inch broad, entire, narrowed
towards both ends, lateral
pinne 4-6 on each _ side
smaller, the lower one or two
pairs tripartite; texture her-
baceous; veins inconspicuous,
the primary ones lost before
fmey reach the margin, the
rest variously anastomosing,
the areoles with free included
veinlets; soriminute, scattered,
confined to the connected veinlets ; indusium reniform and irregular
Bemmune last.’ 700k. Sp. /i/. iv. 59,.2. 231. Syn. Ll. 297. . Bedd.
F.. LB. I. t. 137. Polypodium semibipinnatum, Wad/. Cat. 388.
Penang ; nearly allied to some forms of polymorphum, but I
think sufficiently distinct.
(Also in Borneo.)
ASPIDIUM SUBCONFLUENS. (Bedd.)
5. ASPIDIUM SUBTRIPHYLLUM. (/fZvok.) Rhizome ‘creeping 3
216 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
stipes 1 foot or more long; fronds 12-18 inches long, 8-12 inches
broad, subdeltoid with a large deeply pinnatifid apex, with lanceolate
lobes ; below this one or two pinnz on each side, the lowest stalked,
distant, forked at the base, or pinnatifid, the point lanceolate; texture
herbaceous, surfaces somewhat hairy beneath and on the main veins
above, main veins distinct to the edge, the others copiously anasto-
mosing, with free veinlets included in the areoles ; sori rather large,
but scattered, confined to the connected veinlets ; indusium reniform.
Hook. Sp. Fil. iv. 52. Syn. Fil. 296. Bedd. F. S. I. t. 242, and
FOB. Le 1.483 |
Ceylon and the Malay Peninsula.
My Ceylon specimens are much smaller
than those from Birma, but I believe
they are the same species; in habit it is
quite like variolosum, but the sori are
always on the netted veinlets, instead
of at the apex of free veinlets.
6. ASPIDIUM VARIOLOSUM. ( Wadd.)
Rhizome suberect, stipes tufted, scaly
near the base only, 12-18 inches long
in the fertile, less in the sterile fronds,
more or less dimorphous, deltoid in
outline, herbaceous in texture, and some-
what puberulous, especially in the sterile
ones; pinnz about three pair below the
pinnatifid apex, the lowest pair again
pinnated with the pinnules often pin-
ASHIDIUM SUBTRIPHYLLUM. | natifid, the nextpalr often pimmatmaren
(ZZook. ) pinnated in a less degree, the pinne of
the fertile fronds generally narrower and often more divided, main
veins not very distinct but more so in the fertile than in the sterile ;
areoles copious, with many free included veinlets; sori rather large,
almost always at the apex of the free veinlets, very rarely on the netted
veins ; indusium peltate and reniform on the same frond. Wad.
Cat. 379. Bedd. Sup. Ferns, t. 365 (not F. B. I. 170, which ts
ton aang el
‘ee
ye! Re ‘
et 7
NEI
© Oona
ute
v2
CATTE LL &GOEMGCRAS.
ASPIDIUM VARIOLOSUM. (Wad/.)
218 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
cicutarium.) Aspidium Zollingerianum, Bedd. F. B. L. t. 251, fertile
Jrond only. Nephrodium (Sagenia) variolosum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 298,
and Zollingerianum (/.c.) as far at least as the Birmese plant.
Kast Bengal Plains, abundant from Assam to Chittagong :
. Tenasserim near Moulmein ; Penang, | a
7. ASPIDIUM POLYMORPHUM. (Wall.) Rhizome suberect,
stipes tufted, yellowish or brown, paleaceous only at the base ; fronds
large, 1-4 feet long, by 1 foot or more broad, pinnate; pinnz 3-6 on
each side, oblong or elliptic, acuminate, unequal at the base, some-
times contracted when fertile, quite entire to*crenate or coarsely
toothed, stalked or subsessile, the terminal one often more or less
lobed or subpinnatifid, the lowest pair generally (not always) bifur-
cate ; texture herbaceous to subcoriaceous ; main veins prominent
and distinct to the margin, with many free included simple or forked
veinlets ; sori on the netted veins, small and scattered in the un-
contracted fronds, large and more or less in two rows between the
main veins in the contracted ones; indusium reniform or often
quite absent. Wall. Cat. 382. — Hook. Sym Fil. p. 297. edd.
£# S. I. tabs. 116, 117. Sagenia siifolia, Baker, Syn. Fal gp eae:
as far as the Courtallum plant. Neph. Wightii, Clarke, F. NV. J.
538, the contracted form.
Western forests of Madras Presidency, very common up to 4,000
feet. (I do not consider the contracted form even a constant variety.)
Northern India from Gurwhal to Mishmee and Chittagong ; Ceylon; |
Birma.
(Also in the Malay Islands, the Philippines and Fernando Po.)
8. Aspipium Simonsi. (Baker.) Very like polymorphum,
but with the stipes and rachis polished blackish-purple, lowest pair
of pinnze pinnate below, deeply lobed upwards, others more or less
bifurcate below and rather deeply lobed throughout, venation as in |
polymorphum ; sori rather large (in my specimens), in two series
between the main veins, or irregularly scattered sub-4-serial between
the main veins. Hook. Syn. Fil. 504. Bedd. Sup. Ferass7. 2oge
Seetakand Hill, Chittagong ; Sikkim, and Bhotan. Mr. Clarke,
makes it a variety of polymorphum, and he may be right, but until
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 219
more specimens are gathered, I consider it safer not to lump it
with that. Mr. Clarke says he does not see how it differs from
polymorphum, var. macrocarpum, but he has made a new
species of that. Both Baker and Clarke make two sections of
Sagenia, one with ‘sori in more than two ‘rows between the principal
veins, often irregularly scattered,” the other with “‘sor1 in two rows
between the principal veins,” both forms occur in this species and in
polymorphum, and more or less in semibipinnatum and other species,
so the definition is only misleading.
9. ASPIDIUM HETEROCARPUM. (Bedd.) Rhizome creeping
widely; stipes solitary, erect, with :
lanceolate-linear brown persistent
scales at the base ; pinnate, very
much as in polymorphum, but
lower pinnze not bifurcate ; pinnze
4-8 inches long, narrow-lanceo-
late, entire, caudate at the apex,
subsessile or very shortly stalked,
gemmiparous in the axils; main ¢—\\°
veins distant to nearly the maroiny |S = \\ | Miia”
areoles copious with free included = HS : ae
memilets; sori very small on
the netted veins, much scattered ;
indusium reniform or horseshoe-
_shaped, or sometimes curved or
linear, as in Athyrium and Asple-
N°U2
nium. Sagenia heterocarpa, asprprum HETEROCARPUM. (Beda. )
med. FB. J. t. 47. Sagenia
heterosora (Baker), Hook. Syn. Fil. 504. Clarke, l. ¢. 537.
Assam and Chittagong, in wet flats near rivers, forming large
groves about 6 feet high.
ro. ASPIDIUM DECURRENS. (Pves/.) Rhizome creeping; stipes
winged nearly or quite to the base, furnished with numerous linear-
subulate brown persistent scales; fronds often 3 feet long, dimor-
220 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
phous, the fertile much contracted, pinnatifid down to a broadly
winged rachis into 3-4 pair of pinnz or lobes on each side, 6-12
inches long, 1-24 inches broad, lowest pair often bifurcate, margins.
quite entire in the sterile, more or less crenated in the fertile, sub-
coriaceous, glabrous on both sides; main veins distinct nearly to
the margin, with cross veins forming series of large areoles in which
are included netted veinlets and simple or forked free veinlets; sori
large, generally in two pretty regular series between the main veinlets,
nearly always at the apex of the free veinlets, often continued all
down the wing of the stipes; indusium generally more or less reni-
form, sometimes elongated and irregular. Pvresl. Rel. Hanck, 28.
ffook. Syn. Fil. 299. Sagenia pteropus, Bedd. &. S. L. £. 82.
Eastern Bengal at the foot of the hills, Assam, Cachar, Chitta-
gong ; South India in the Bolampatty Hills between Coimbatore and
Palghat, 2,000 feet elevation; ‘Tinnevelly and Travancore Hills,
2,000-2,500 feet; Ceylon; Malay Peninsula. In habit very like
vastum, but fertile fronds contracted, and sori differently situated.
(Also in the Malay Islands, South China, Polynesia.)
VaR (3 MINOR. (Bedd.) Fronds very small (1 foot long only),
sterile 3-5 partite rather thin pinnatifid, fertile deeply pinnatifid,
very much contracted, the lobes or pinnz being very narrow.
Sagenia pteropus-minor, edd. FS. J. ¢. 245.
Ceylon only, in the Doombera district at no great elevation.
11, ASPIDIUM CICUTARIUM. (Sw.) Stipes tufted, 1 foot or
more long, with many scales close to the base; fronds very variable
in size, from 8 inches up to several feet, deltoid in outline, apex
pinnatifid, below which are 1-4 pair of pinne, which are either only
lobed or completely pinnated with the secondary pinne deeply pin-
natifid, or even again pinnated (¢.e. tripinnate), with the tertiary
pinnee deeply pinnatifid (quadripinnatifid), the lowest pair of pinnz
are always deeply pinnatifid or pinnate on the lower margin, but the
other pairs are generally much less so and often only lobed 4—3 down,
texture thin, surfaces glabrous in some varieties, but in others hairy
on the upper surface and puberulous on the costas and costules
5
Sa
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5 x my y Es
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J
Na
a
ASPIDIUM DECURRENS, VAR.. 4 MINOR.
BACLT FIRS A
SGM IT Te a
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HR DON G
sity ey :
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ve
ie
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(Bedi)
222 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
beneath ; principal veins tolerably conspicuous to the margin, others
copiously netted with often free included veinlets (there are no
prominent cross veins forming large well-defined areoles as in some of
the species, and the free veinlets are often few only) ; sorirather large,
in two rows between the main veins, on the netted veins (compital) ”
or at the apex of the free veinlets; indusium reniform or peltate.
Swartz. Mett. Farngatt. Pheg. and Asp. 117. Hook. Syn. Fil. 299.
Sagenia coadunata (Wall.), Bedd. F. S. Z. ¢. 81. and ¢. 170 (variolosa).
Throughout the Indian region, from the plains up to 5,000 feet.
In South India (both Eastern and Western sides), the more hairy
variety known as coadunata only is found, but in Northern India
the glabrous variety is also common.
(Also in the tropics throughout the globe.)
12. ASPIDIUM MULTICAUDATUM. (Wail.) Stipes 1-3 feet,
often densely clothed nearly its whole length with linear-subulate
brown persistent scales; fronds 3-4 feet long, with a large terminal
pinna deeply pinnatifid, lobes lanceolate acuminate, and several
pinnz on each side, the lowest deltoid 1 foot or more long and
nearly as broad, deeply pinnatifid above and pinnate below ; texture
firm herbaceous, rachises beneath rusty; main veins distinct to
the margin, areoles with free included veinlets ; sori rather large in
two rows between the principal veins, or more numerous and scat-
tered, generally at the apex of free veinlets, rarely on the netted
veins (compital). Wall. in Herb. Nephrodium Griffithii (Baker),
Hook. Syn. Fil. 300. Sagenia Griffith, Bedd. 1. B. 7 paaee
Khasya Hills, South side up to 1,000 feet elevation. Birma ;
Aspidium? ¢#. 118, / S. /., is probably this species, or at least
closely allied, it has twice been gathered in the a forests,
but young fronds without fructification.
In the Synopsis Lilicum Sagenia is kept up as a section of Ne-
phrodium for all species supposed to have a reniform indusium, and
Euaspidiumas a section of Aspidium for those with an orbicular
_ indusium, the result of this has been that allied species like repan-
dum and polymorphum (probably one and the same plant) and
membranaceum and (Trimeni) giganteum (closely allied if not
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 222
varieties one of the other), are placed far apart ; it is a fact, however,
that most of the species have both orbicular and reniform involucres,
sometimes on the same individual, the involucres often varying much
more than this, being athyrioid and asplenioid. Mr. Clarke has
placed both Aspidium and Sagenia in Nephrodiun, a genus widely
different in habit.
GENUS LII.—PLEOCNEMIA. (/7res/.)
(Pleos, full ; 2xemza, rays; in allusion to the venation.)
Only differs from Aspidium in its less compound venation, only
the lower veins anastomose arcuately forming one series of areoles
near the costa (as in Campteria), without any free veinlets within
them, the other veins generally all free, or some angularly anastomos-
_ing; sori generally at the apex of the free veinlets outside the areoles,
- but sometimes some are on the netted veins, (z.e., compital).
1. PLEOCNEMIA TuHwaltTesil. (Ledd.) Stipes tufted 1-14 feet
long, shining blackish-purple as is the rachis and main costa, basal
scales linear dark-brown ; fronds deltoid, 13-2 feet each way, tripin-
natifid; lowest pinnee largest deltoid stalked,with several large lanceo-
late deeply pinnatifid pinnules; texture rather thick and opaque, the
veins not conspicuous, glabrous beneath, and also above except the
costa and veins which are scurfy or puberulous, lower veinlets forming
elongate costal arches, no free included veinlets, the rest free with
clavate apices, none reaching the margin; sori rather large in a single
series on each side of the midrib of the segments, all at the apex of free
veinlets; indusium reniform, with the lobes of the sinus broad and over-
lapping, so that it looks orbicular. Sagenia Thwaitesii, Bedd FS. T.
¢.244. Nephrodium (Sagenia) simulans (Baker), “look. Syn. Lil. 300.
Ceylon, southern provinces near Galle, abundant on the Hay-
Gece weoumtain. (C. &. 3331. Zhw. En. p. 390.)
2. PLEOCNEMIA TRIMENI. (Sedd.) Stipes tufted, 1-14 feet,
grey, basal scales linear; fronds 14-3 feet long, deltoid or deltoid
lanceolate, pinnatifid at the apex, below pinnate with about 5-6
pair of lateral pinnee, which are more or less stalked, and all pinnatifid
|
224 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
more than half-way to the rachis, about 8-9 inches long by 2 broad,
and a much larger basal pair which are deltoid, again pinnated with
the lower basal pinnules deeply pinnatifid, ultimate lobes bluntish,
slightly crenated or nearly
entire ; texture rather thin ;
surfaces glabrous on both
sides; costas and veins rusty
above, less so or nearly \
glabrous beneath; lower veins
formingelongated costal arches
near the rachis of the pinne,
with generally a second series
of areoles formed by the veins
again anastomosing angularly,
veins of the segments only
anastomosing near the midrib
and forming one series . of
anemes, ines test Iree, NOs ikee
veinlets in the areoles ; sori in
a single row on each side of
the midrib, those towards the
margin and apex of the
segments apical on the free veinlets, those lower down and nearer the
costa of the pinnules generally on connected veins (z.¢., compital), in-
dusium reniform. Sagenia gigantea, Bedd. &. S. 1.4 80 (norgie
description.) Pleocnemia gigantea (Baker), Mook. Syn. Fil. 2nd
Ldit. p. 503, not Llume.
The Kew packet of giganteum from which Sir W. Hooker took
his description (Sf. F7/. iv. ~. 50,) contains several different species ;
the Java specimen being a single pinna of Aspidium giganteum, a
species distinct from this; the Birma and Assam specimens being
multicaudatum (Wallich) ; and the Ceylon specimens being this
plant, Pleocnemia membranacea, and P. Thwaitesii. ‘This not being
Blume’s giganteum IJ have had to rename it.
Ceylon, central provinces, (C.P. 1357); South India, Anamallays,
Palghat side, in the forests near the Nelliampady coffee estates.
PLEOCNEMIA TRIMENI. (Sedd.)
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 225
——
3. PLEOCNEMIA MEMBRANACEA. (ook, under Aspidium.)
Stipes tufted up to 9 inches long, straw-coloured, basal scales linear ;
fronds up to about 18 inches long, deltoid, bi-tripinnate, pinnatifid
at the apex, the lowest pair of pinnz much the largest, long stalked,
with the lowest secondary pinnee stalked and again quite pinnate at
the base, the pinnules being stalked and deeply pinnatifid, ultimate
segments crenulate, upper pinnz gradually less compound ; texture
thin, membranaceous, upper surface somewhat hairy towards the
margins; costas and veins rusty or puberulous, under surface
slightly puberulous ; lower veins forming long costal arches, the
rest free; sori at the apex of free veins; indusium both orbicular
Goer remiorm. Hook, Syn. Ml. p. 259. Sagenia gigantea, var.
minor, Sedd. F. S. L. ¢. 243, a small frond less compound than
Wescrived above. Thw. En. £1. Zy. p. 390. (Ci P. 1358.)
Ceylon ; in the Doombera district at no great elevation. Mr.
Thwaites had doubts whether this was a. variety of the last, or a
distinct species ; the venation is quite that of the last species, but rather
less compound, owing to the fronds being more cut and narrower ;
it is quite that of Pleocnemia, and I find some of the involucres
reniform ; it is of thinner texture, much more cut and less glabrous
than the last, and, I think, may safely be considered a distinct
species.
(Also in Java, Philippines, China, and Formosa.)
4. PLEOCNEMIA MEMBRANIFOLIA. (Pves/.) Stipes tufted, fur-
nished with black linear subulate scales more copious towards the
base, up to about 1 foot long; fronds seldom more than 1 foot long,
from deltoid to ovate, pinnate with a pinnatifid apex, lateral pinnee
few pairs opposite or subopposite, 2-4 inches long, 3-12 broad,
more or less deeply pinnatifid, the segments rounded nearly entire,
lowest pair of pinnze much larger, deltoid, pinnatifid or almost
pinnate, the lower basal segments being elongated and pinnatifid ;
main rachis and both surfaces more or less softly hairy, with multi-
celullar hairs; texture softly herbaceous; fertile fronds uniform
with the sterile, or more or less contracted, often very much 50,
lower veins in the sterile and broad fertile fronds anastomosing and
16
AS CATTELL &4 CS ENGRAS
PLEOCNEMIA MEMBRANIFOLIA.
(Prest.)
eS ee ee ae
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 227
forming loops near the. costa, sometimes very regularly, some-
times only occasionally, in the contracted fertile fronds all the veins
free ; sori generally apical on the free veinlets; involucre reniform. |
; Presl, Rel. Henck. 36, ¢. 5, fig. 3. Aspidium fuscipes, Bedd. Sup.
ferns, t. 366. Aspidium fuscipes, Wallich, partly, but not the type
sheet, which 7s Lastrea sagenioides.
East Bengal Plains, extending into Assam, Cachar, and Chitta-
gong. ' Khasya and Sikkim hills up to 3,000 feet elevation. Birma
and the Malay peninsula. In habit much like small Aspidium cicu-
tarlum, but venation different, and
easily known by the persistent black
scales towards the base of the
stipe; in the Synopsis Filicum it
has been erroneously lumped with
Lastrea dissecta by Hooker and
Baker.
5. PLEOCNEMIA CLARKEI. &
(Bedd.) Stipes and rachis slightly :
pubescent ; fronds 2-3 feet long, :
lanceolate, narrowed at the base {
into distant auricles, softly shortly
villous, herbaceous, pinnate ; pinnze
numerous, alternate, 12-2 inches
broad, pinnatifid nearly to the rachis,
the pinnules lanceolate from a broad
base, irregular as to length, and
from subentire to deeply pinnatifid (on the same pinna) acute at
the apex, lowest veins forming arcs along the costa of the pinnules
from which proceed free veinlets; veins of the pinnules pinnate,
or once or twice forked, the lowest veinlet of a group often looped
with the next group ; involucre kidney-shaped, hairy and ciliate.
Beid. Sup. Ferns, t. 368. Nephrodium artinexum, Clarke, F. WV. J.
p- 536.
Sikkim ; near Dikeeling, 4,500 feet elevation.
N° 116.
PLEOCNEMIA CLARKEI. (Bedd.)
228 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
6. PLtocNeMIA LEuzEaNnA. (/Zook.) Caudex subarborescent,
densely scaly at the crown, stipes 2-3 feet long, stout, striated, shortly
hirsute without scales; fronds up to 6 feet long, subdeltoid, bi-tri-
pinnate ; pinnee 1-14 foot long, 6-8 inches broad, simple, or the
lowest with 2-3 large (12-14 inches long) secondary pinne from
the lower side, which are again pinnate with the pinnules stalked,
2-4 inches long, and deeply pinnatifid, ultimate segments oblong-
rounded, entire or denticulate, usually with a tooth in the sinus at —
their base ; lower veins anastomosing in costal arches near the costa
of the pinnules and along the midrib of the segments, other veins
free and excurrent, or all the veins of
the segment are free ; sor! copious, usually
in single rows on each side of the midrib,
mixed with yellow glandular hairs ; in-
dusium reniform, early fugacious. Zook.
Syn. £ill295. Bedd. FB. i pee
North and East Bengal, base of the
hills up to 2,000 feet elevation, Sikkim,
Assam, Cachar, Khasya, Chittagong ;
Birma, and Malay Peninsula.
NO1t7.
ede GON EAIGA SLANE RKO (Also in Malay Islands, China, Poly-
(Zook.) nesia, and North Australia.)
GENUS LIIL—LASTREA. (2yes/.)
(After Chev. de Lastre, a French nobleman.)
Sori subglobose, dorsal or terminal on the veins ; indusium reni-
form, attached by the sinus, or in the first four species sometimes
orbicular; veins all free; fronds pinnate or compoundly 2-4
pinnate.
* Indusium reniform or orbicular, texture more or vess coriaceous.
1. LASTREA AMABILIS. (B/. under Aspidium.) Rhizome
ed FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 229
creeping ; stipes scattered, 6-12 inches long, slender, slightly scaly
below ; fronds about 1 foot long, by 6-9 inches broad, with a pinnate
apex and 2-6 lateral pinne on each side, which are 1-13 inch
broad, all simply pinnated or the lowest sometimes slightly compound
at the base, pinnules subrhomboida! with the lower side much cut
away 4-1 inch long, cut down about a third or half-way to the costa into
rounded Jobes which terminate with a long bristle, sometimes being
more or less serrated; texture subcoriaceous; rachis and both
surfaces naked; veins pinnate in the lobes; sori submarginal ;
indusium reniform or orbicular. edd. &. S. 7. ¢ 109. Aspidium -
amabile, Bl. En. Pl. Jav. Fil. p. 165. Hook. Syn. Fil. 254. Aspid.
thomboideum, Wall. Cat. 364.
I keep this species in Lastrea as I have always found the
involucres reniform; they appear, however, to be sometimes orbicular,
so that the species has equal right to be a Polystichum.
South India, on the Anamallays, Lower Pulneys, Travancore,
and Tinnevelly Hills, 3,090-4,000 feet elevation; Ceylon, central
provinces ; North India, Nepal; Jaintea, about 4,000 feet, rare.
(Also in the Philippines and South China.)
2. LASTREA ARISTATA. (Sw. under Aspidium.) Rhizome long,
creeping, very scaly; stipes scattered, about 1 foot long, more or
less fibrillose, as are the main and partial rachises; fronds about
12-15 inches long, deltoid in outline, pinnate at the apex, below
which are 5-6 lateral pinne on each side, which, except the lower
pair, are generally simply pinnate or with a tendency to be bipinnate
in their upper basal pinnules, lower pair bipinnate towards the base,
the lower basal pinnules being much the largest and quite pinnated,
pinnules subrhomboidal with the lower base cut away, more or less
lobed, the upper basal lobe being the deepest, lobes copiously
toothed, teeth aristate ; texture more or less coriaceous; veins
pinnate in the lobes, the veinlets being simple or forked; sori apical
on the veinlets and well within the margin; indusium reniform or
orbicular. Bedd. F. S. J. ¢. tot. Aspidium aristatum, Sw. Syz.
hes. 52. :
230 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
South India, very general in the Western forests of the Madras
Presidency ; Ceylon; Birma. |
I have always found the involucre strictly reniform, and Hooker
has described it both under Polystichum and Lastrea (in the latter
as Lastrea platypus) ; it is a much less divided fern than coniifollia,
besides having an utterly different caudex; Mr. Clarke, who unites
it with coniifolia, states, that he has never been able to see that a
creeping caudex accompanies a less divided form, but Mr. Clarke’s
specimens are all typical contifolia, and there is no aristata from the
Himalayas in the Kew Herbarium, and only one poor specimen from
Khasya, labelled Lastrea platypus.
(Also in Japan, Formosa, South China, Java, Luzon, and
Norfolk Island.)
3. LASTREA AFFINIS. (Wadll.) Very similar to aristata and
amabilis, but the lower pinnz less compound than in aristata and
often quite similar to the upper ones ; texture much more coriaceous
and sori very large. Wall. Cat. 370. Lastrea aristata, var. Hamil-
tonu, Ledd. fern.” Sup. pi. 369. Hook. Syn. Foye a somes
pidium speciosum (Don.), Aspidium aristatum, var. affinis, and var.
assamica, Clarke, J. ¢. 511.
I formerly considered this species a variety of aristata, I have
never seen it growing, but Mr. Clarke tells that the rhizome is erect
and not creeping, so I cannot consider it a variety of either aristata
or amabilis.
Sikkim, Nepal, Assam, Jaintea.
4. LASTREA cCONIIFOLIA.. (Wall.) Rhizome erect; stipes
tufted; fronds very large, ovate, 2-3 feet long, 4-5 pinnate, ultimate
pinnules and segments small, coriaceous shining, aristate ; sori large
or small; indusium reniform or orbicular. Bedd. & B. 7.261. As-
pidium, Wall. Cat. 341.
I have always found the involucres reniform in their young
stage, I have had both this and aristata in cultivation on the Nilgiris
for many years, and they show no tendency to run one into the
other.
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LASTREA CONIIFOLIA. (/Wad/.)
A—Root of L. aristata.
ALS. CATTELL &COENGRAS,
232 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
Himalayas, Kumaon to Bhotan, 4,o00-10,000 feet, Khasya,
3,000—6,000 feet ; South India on the Western mountains ; Ceylon;
Malay Peninsula.
(Also in Natal, Samoa, and Australia.)
* * Indusium always reniform.
| Pinne subentire or only slightly lobed (except in forms v and §
of Walkere.)
5. LasTREA cuspIpaTa. (dZe¢t. under Aspidium.) Stipes about —
rt foot long, reddish as is the rachis, scaly towards the base; fronds 1-3
feet long, pinnze numerous, linear-
lanceolate from a broad base, 4—
6 inches long, 2-$ inch broad,
cuspidate at the base, very shal-
lowly lobed (not + to the rachis),
the lobes sharply serrated; texture
scarcely coriaceous; rachis and
f both surfaces naked ; veins pin-
“nate with 3-4 veinlets on each
side ; sorl towards the base of
the veinlets ; indusium reniform,
fugacious. Mett. Farngatt. Pheg.
and Asp. 92. Polypodium elon-
gatum, Wall. Cat. 309. Bedd.
F. B. I. t. 118. Nephrodium
cuspidatum, AZook. Syn. Fil. p.
260.
LASTREA CUSPIDATA. Khasya Hills, 3,000—4,000
(Metz. ) feet elevation, near Shillong.
6. LASTREA HIRTIPES. (Ll. under Aspidium.) Caudex erect ;
supes tufted up to about 1 foot long, densely clothed, as is the
rachis, with long blackish hair-like scales; fronds up to 3 feet long,
pinnze numerous, linear-lanceolate from a broad base, 4—8 inches long,
by nearly 1 inch broad, with broad shallew lobes reaching ¢ to +
towards the rachis, lower ones not reduced; texture herbaceous ;
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 233
surfaces naked; veins pinnate; veinlets 4-5 on a side; sori low
down on the veinlets, indusium reniform. /. Eu. £1. Jav. Fil 148.
weda. FS. 7. 796. Asp. atratum, Wall. Cat. 380.
Himalayas, 5,000-9,000 feet, from Nepal to Bhotan, Khasya
4,000-6,000 feet ; South India, Nilgiris, &c.; Ceylon; Birma.
(Also in the Malay Islands and Polynesia.)
7. LASTREA WALKERE. (Hook under Polypodium.) Stipes
up to 13 foot long, clothed with linear scales ; fronds up to 3 feet long,
oblong-lanceolate, pinnate; pinnz linear-lanceolate, short-stalked,
acuminate, slightly crenate
along the margins, lower ones
about 6 inches long, by about
r inch broad, lower base cut
away, upper base square ; tex-
ture subcoriaceous, glabrous ;
veins in pinnate groups; sori
2-3 serial, between the midrib
and the margin, dorsal on the
veinlets ; indusium reniform,
very fugacious. Polypodium
Walkere, Hook. Syn. Fil. 1st
mee. 305. Lastrea, 2nd
metas, . Bedd. Fo S. I. t.
234.
Ceylon.
VaR. {3 MACROCARPA.
‘Fronds very large, the pionze
slightly lobed, often fur-
nished with a large auricle at the supcrior base. Bedd. & S.
2 35 :
Ceylon.
LASTREA HIRTIPES. (4&7/.)
VAR. y PINNATIFIDA. Pinne pinnatifid nearly to the rachis,
leaving only a broad wing along the rachis, lower ones sometimes
piamate. ’ Bedd. f. c. ¢. 235.
234 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
VaR. 6 BIPINNATA. Pinnz sub-bipinnate. Bedd. 7. c. t. 235.
Ceylon. ,
1 1 Pinne cut more than half-way to the rachis, compound in some
Jorms of Filix Mas.
A. Veins generally simple.
8. LASTREA GRACILESCENS. (L/.) Stipes tufted, long, slender ;
fronds oblong-lanceolate, pinnate, lower pinnee scarcely reduced, often ©
deflexed, rachises pilose above, pinnee cut down nearly to the rachis,
segments narrow-oblong, obtuse, not much narrowed upwards, veins
about six on each side of the costule, the two lowest terminating
above the sinus, all generally simple, rarely forked, sori medial on
the veins, indusium glabrous or minutely pilose. Aspidium graci-
lescens, B/. En. Fl.. fav. Fil. 155. Hook. Syn. Fi. 2o2 ees
WH Bid. t.253.. *Glarke, 7. IN. LG 3 tn pare
Mr. Clarke includes here L. flaccida (Hooker), which is certainly
a mistake; he also includes the Assam forms of L. immersa (Beda.
fF, B. £. 252) united with the Malay Peninsula plant by Hooker ;
in this he may be correct, as this plant appears distinct from the
Malay one, it is however, much larger than any of Mr. Clarke’s
specimens of gracilescens, and has more veins to the segments.
Nepal, Sikkim, 6,000-8,o00 feet elevation, Khasya, 4,000 feet ;
South India, Mudumally forests, a small form.
(Also in China, Japan and Java.)
Mr. Clarke’s variety decipiens (Darjeeling, 7,000 feet, and Khasya,
Dingling, 5,000 feet) has the fronds shorter and more deltoid, and
the veins often branched with the sorus subterminal on the upper
branch ; it is probably a distinct species. His variety hirsutipes only
differs in having the stipes hirsute and in being of rather thicker
texture (Khasya and Jaintea, 4,000-5,000 feet); his variety didy-
mochloenoides has longer narrower pinnz with very large sori, but
runs into the type.
g. LASTREA IMMERSA. (4/.) Caudex creeping, stipes elongated
3-4 feet long, fronds rather coriaceous in texture, pinnate, ovate
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 235
oblong, or oblong in outline, pinnz 6-10 inches long, sessile, about
1 inch broad, cut down close to the rachis, glabrous above on the
segments, or with occasionally a few distant inconspicuous hairs on
the viens, the rachis strigose, frosted beneath on the veins and
rachis with minute yellow glandular dots; segments linear, rather
distant ; veins simple (or the lowest one very rarely forked), 12-14 -
Or even more on each side of the costa: sori medial, one to each
vein, much immersed, the depression plainest on the upper side,
indusium large, persistent, reniform, but appearing orbicular from the
overlapping at the sinus, Aspidium immersum, B/. Lx. Fil. 156.
Nephrodium immersum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 112. Syn. Fil. 263.
Malacca and the Malay Peninsula. —
(Also in the Philippines and New Caledonia.)
Mr. Clarke considers that the Assam plant (Bedd. &. B. J. ¢.
252) should be referred to gracilescens, it is of a different texture, less
cut down, and with much fewer veins.
10. LASTREA CALCARATA. (A/.) Caudex erect, stout, stipes
tufted, fronds lanceolate pinnate, sometimes with auricles below, up
to about 2 feet long, pinnz spreading 1-4 inches long by 3 inch to
nearly t inch broad, cut down two-thirds or more towards the rachis
into oblique falcate linear oblong segments, the upper basal one
sometimes considerably longer than the others, rachis villous, under
surface more or less villous, upper surface. villous, or glabrous
except the secondary rachis, veinlets 3-8 on a side, simple, sori
medial, involucre glabrous or villous. Asp. calcaratum, 57 £7.
Ua yao. £. 159. Lastrea calcarata, Hook. Sp. fil. .iv. 93, and
falciloba, ~. 108.
VaR. CILIATA, type (Wall. Cat. 351), texture herbaceous, lowest
pinnules deflexed, no auricles on the stem; stipes rounded, pinnze
about 4 inches ‘long, caudate at the apex, nearly 1 inch broad ;
indusium hairy or glabrous. Lastrea falciloba, Bedd. +. S. £. 105.
Asp. ciliatum, Wall. Cat. 351, and Asp. canum, Wall. Cat. 387.
Nephr. ciliatum, Clarke, & NW. I. 515, except syn. L. Bergiana
(Bedd.), which is L. cana (Baker).
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FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. ‘= 237
South India, very common in all the Western forests; and in
Ceylon (exactly corresponding with Wallich’s two type sheets).
Specimens sent from both these localities were partly referred
by Hooker to his calcarata and partly to falciloba, but he doubted
whether the two species were really distinct. Also in Khasya, the
Himalayas; Birma.
ASP. CALCARATUM, VAR. $8. Zhw. En. 391, L. calcarata, Bedd.
FS. /.¢.246, is an abnormal form, with small narrow pinne taper-
ing at both ends and less pinnatifid, except sometimes quite at the
base, where the segments are almost free and distant ; but, as Thwaites
Says, it passes into the type. A form from Birma also has very narrow
pinnee and is densely hairy.
VAR. {2 SERICEA. (/. Scott, ZS.) Pinneze short oblong, 1—2 inches
long by 3-3 inch broad, quite obtuse at the apex, or ending in a
short sudden point (never caudate), involucre glabrous, otherwise as
in the type. L. sericea, Bedd. F. B. I. ¢. 308. This is, perhaps,
scarcely distinct as a variety from the type, but its geographical limits
are curious, in North India it has only been found in Chittagong,
elevation 200 feet, and in South India only on the Jeypore Hills
west of Vizagapatam, elevation 2,000 feet. I have had it for several
years in cultivation and it quite kept its character.
VAR. y FALCILOBA. (CZarke.) Stipes angled and furnished
_ with auricles below the frond ; pinnze more numerous and _ narrower,
4 inches long by § inch broad; texture subcoriaceous (more like
ochthodes) ; indusium glabrous. Lastrea falciloba, Hook. Sp. Fil. iv.
p. 108, in part only. Aspidium hirsutulum, Wal/. Cat. 7083, type
sheet example b, has no auricles on the stipe, and appears to me to
belong to the type (ciliata), it only consists of a single small frond,
and might belong to either, but I fear falci'oba and ciliata are not
well defined as varieties, but run one into the other. C/arke,
meee 515, excl. ¢. 105, Bedd. F. S. 7.
Khasya and Sikkim mountains up to 3,000 feet and river banks
in the plains.
(Clarke’s variety pubera does not belong here, Wall. Cat.
338,*being Nephrodium arbuscula (typical), and from the Sirumal-
lays near Dindigal, not from Nepal.
f
238 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
11. LASTREA viscosa. (/. Sv.) Stipes 6 inches or more long,
firm, erect, reddish-brown, slightly scaly, finely villous; fronds 9-12
inches long, 4-5 inches broad, oblong-lanceolate, pinnze close 2-3 _
inches long, the lower ones somewhat reduced and deflexed, cut
nearly to the rachis into close spreading linear-oblong lobes
under 1 line broad, textures herbaceous, colour dark green; rachis
villous, under surface densely glandular, veinlets 5-6 on a side, sori
medial, Hook» Syn, fil. p. 264. . Lbedd. 7, BP peae
Malay Peninsula, at Malacca.
(Also in the Philippines and Borneo.) —
12, LASTREA CRASSIFOLIA. (47.) Stipes tufted 14 foot long, |
channelled above slightly hirsute; fronds deltoid ovate, firm her-
baceous, pinnate, pinnee pinnatifid, rachis, costa and costules beneath ~
hirsute, the rest glabrous, pinnz petiolate (petioles + inch long) or
subsessile, lower ones not reduced in size, pinnatifid nearly two-thirds
down to the rachis, segments obtuse subfalcate subentire, basal ones
reduced in size, costa deeply channelled above, veinlets simple, the
lower pair free (as in Lastrea) or joining just before entering the sinus
of the segments (as in Nephrodium) remaining ones simple (or rarely
forked) sori one on, or a little below the centre of each vein,
involucre reniform glabrous. Aspidium, 47. Ex. Fil. Jav. 158. Hook.
Syn. Fil. 266. Lastrea nephrodioides, Bedd. F. B. J. ¢. 199.
Birma and the Malay Peninsula. I also have a specimen
collected in Sikkim, 3,000 feet elevation, by the late Mr. Atkinson,
which I refer here, as it exactly corresponds in venation; the pinne,
however, are subsessile, and the upper basal segment (or pinnule)
somewhat enlarged.
(Also in the Philippines and Java.)
13. LASTREA CANA. (Baker.) Stipes densely tufted, 6-10 inches
long, finely villous and often furnished with pellucid scales, chiefly
towards the base; fronds 8-12 inches long, elongate lanceolate, not
narrowed at the base, or suddenly or gradually narrowed into
auricles on the stipe, pinnate with numerous pinne, central ones two
inches long by 3 inch broad, cut down nearly to the rachis into close
a
/
Rhizome slender, wide creeping ; stipes
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 239
crenated lobes, texture herbaceous, rachis slender, villous, and both
sides slightly so, veinlets 6-8 on a side, simple (very rarely forked) ;
sori small medial on the veins, indusium reniform, glabrous or pilose.
wearer, Look. Syn, fil. 207, not Wallich, Bedd. F. B. I. t. 307.
L. Bergiana, Bedd. F: B. L. Suppl. ¢. 370. Aspid. appendiculatum,
Wall. Cat. 349, type sheet only. Aspid. eberneum, Wall. Cat.
389, type sheet only.
- Himalayas near Simla, Sikkim, Yakla 8,000 feet elevation.
Mr. Clarke thinks this may be only a variety of ochthodes, but it has
no glands at the base of the pinnze, the :
texture also is different, and it is more
hairy.
14. LASTREA BEDDOMEI. (Baker).
6-9 inches long, slender, glossy ; fronds
pinnate up to about 1 foot long, lanceo-
late elliptic, central pinnz the largest,
about 14 inches long, 2 inch broad,
cut down almost to the rachis into close
rather acute entire segments under 1 line
broad, lower pinnz distant and dwin-
dling down very gradually, texture
rather firm, veins beneath furnished
sparingly with longish white needle-like
hairs, veinlets 4—5 on each side, simple
sori near the margin. Baker, Hook. hes ae
Syn. Fil. p. 267. WL. gracilescens, Bedd. Hee Me ODOR
wos. 7. f. 110. (Baker.)
South India on the Travancore and Tinnevelly Mountains in
swampy ground. Ceylon, common in swampy places about Newera
Elya. A pretty delicate species much cultivated at Ootacamund.
15. Lastrea Exwesi. (aker.) Stipe not seen, main rachis
minutely pubescent; fronds oblong-lanceolate, narrowed from the
midrib at both ends, 16 inches long, by 4% inches broad, glabrous,
pinnate ; pinne patent, subobtuse, cut down only one-half towards
240 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON:
the midrib ; segments broad, short, obtuse, lower pinnze much de-
flexed and gradually shorter ; texture moderately firm, surfaces naked,
bright green ; veinlets distant, simple, about 4 on each side; sori
small marginal; indusium small fugacious. ook. Syn. Fil. 497.
Bedd. Fern. Sup. t. 376.
Sikkim (Elwes, only once collected, and a single frond without
stipe.)
16. LASTREA OCHTHODES. (4ze.) Caudex erect, stipes tufted,
1-2 feet long, firm, naked or nearly so; fronds 2-4 feet long, 8-12
inches broad ; pinnee ?—1 inch broad, cut down nearly to the rachis
into entire or bluntish, often falcate segments 1-14 lines broad, with
a prominent gland at the base beneath, the lower ones gradually
reduced ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and underside more or less
villous; veinlets prominent, simple 10-15 on a side; sori submar-
ginal, Aspidium octhodes, ze. zz Linnea, xxiv. 282. ~ Beda.
FS. f. ¢. 106. Nephrodium prolixum, Baker, Syn. Fil. 268.
Northern India, throughout the Himalayas and Khasya Moun-
tains; South India and Ceylon, throughout the mountain forests ;
Malay Peninsula.
Var. TYLODES. (4Xze.) More coriaceous, rachis and under-
side glabrous, lower pinnze not gradually reduced, but suddenly
abortive and reduced to tuberculated glands, sori at the base of the
veins, close to the costules. edd. F. S. £. ¢. 107.
South India mountains, rare, and probably the same localities as
ochthodes; it is, I believe, quite entitled to rank as a species.
I have had both in cultivation for many years, and Mr. Thwaites,
who cultivated them in Ceylon, considered them distinct species.
17. LASTREA FarRBANKIL (JSedd.) Caudex long creeping, as
thick as a crow quill, very black, glabrous, but furnished with a few
scales, copiously rooting, stipes 8-20 inches long stramineous, black
at the base, rachis channelled above, glabrous or slightly pubescent
with weak glandular hairs ; fronds coriaceous 6-10 inches or more
long, narrow oblong pinnated, pinnze opposite or alternate, sessile or
nearly so, 1-14 inches long, less than 4 inch broad, linear obtuse or
acuminate at the apex, pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, the lower ones
:
bares
5
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 241
reduced in size and often more distant, the partial rachis channelled
and glabrous on the upper side, slightly pubescent or glabrous
beneath, and there furnished with numerous broad-ovate or lunate
very transparent scales, segments oblong to ovate entire much
recurved at the margins; veins more or less undulate; veinlets
simple excurrent at the margin; sori one on the centre of each vein-
let ; involucre reniform, fimbriate at the margin. edd. & B. TL.
Z. 254.
Pulney Mountains, in swamps about the south base of Peermall
Malley, 4,000 feet elevation. It was also formerly found about the
lake at Kodiekarnal on the same mountains, but has disappeared
fiom that locality.. In my Supplement I have reduced it to
thelypteris, but now believe it to be distinct. In its reduced lower
pinnee it approaches Beddomet, but it is much more rigid in texture,
and its scaly secondary rachis is quite unlike that fern. I hope it
may bé further collected. There is a specimen in the British
Museum.
LB. Veins forked.
18. LASTREA THELYPTERIS. (Desv.) Rhizome slender, wide-
creeping, stipes about 1 foot long, slender stramineous; fronds
1-2 feet long, 4-6 inches broad, lanceolate, truncate at the base;
pinnee spreading, 3 inch broad, cut down very nearly to the rachis into
entire spreading linear oblong lobes, those of the barren frond the
broadest, lower pinnz equalling the others, veins forked (upper ones
simple) texture herbaceous, rachis and both sides naked, sori small, ©
not confluent, in rows near the recurved edge ; indusium small incon-
ppreuous. Desv. in Mém. Soc. Linn. 6: 257. Bedd. F. B. Lt 44.
Fiook. Syn. fil. 271.
South India, on the Nilgiris, swamps near Ootacamund ;
North India, Kashmir, Bandipoor, City Lake, 5,600 feet elevation,
Kunawur, 6,000 feet. |
(Also in Europe, North Asia, North America, Cape Colony and
New Zealand.)
Ig. LASTREA GRISEA. (Baker.) Stipes firm, erect, grey, villous
upwards ; fronds 13~2 feet long, 8—9 inches broad, oblong-lanceolate ;
I]
ae FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. e
pinne close, 3-4 inch long, #~% inch broad, narrowed gradually
from the base to the apex, cut down nearly to the rachis into blunt,
IN yplMlecee,
Sie ws} (RRR
gy EAI pea
IN Re
fs) WZ
Oe \ EN
N°O123,
LASTREA THELYPTERIS. (Desv.)
entite lobes, 2 lines broad, with recurved edges; texture subcoriaceous;
vachis villous, and veins beneath slightly so; veinlets about 10 ona
a
ae
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 243
side, mostly forked; sori small, submarginal; involucre ciliated.
Berra sin. fil, p. 271. -DBedd.f. B. 1. t. 335.
South India, near Cochin, only once collected.
20. LASTREA FUSCIPES. (Wall.) Stipes tufted, slender 6-12
inches long, dark purplish-brown, scaly below, fronds 12-24 inches
long, 6-12 inches broad, oblong-lanceolate, pinnate ; pinnz 3-6
inches long, 1 inch broad, the lowest pair rather shorter than the
others, and deflexed, and with some of its lower segments often
elongated ; segments cut down to a broadly-winged rachis, linear-
oblong, blunt, entire or slightly crenate’; texture herbaceous,
rachis polished like the stipe; veinlets 6-8 on each side, simple
LASTREA SYRMATICA,
or forked, generally excurrent when sterile, but terminating well
within the margin when fertile; sori generally apical on a veinlet,
sometimes well below the apex; indusium reniform fugacious.
Wall. Cat. 361. Lastrea melanopus, ook. “Sp. Fil. iv. 110.
Bead. F. B. f. ¢. 38. LL. sagenioides, Hook. Syn. Fil. 271. Poly-
podium obscurum, 0k, , Sp. fil. iv. 237. Syn. Fil, 308.
dead. F. B. I. t. 230.
Birma and the Malay Peninsula.
_ (Also in the Philippine Islands.)
The type sheet of Aspidium fuscipes in Wallich’s Herbarium, No.
361, zs this plant, but the other sheets are Pleocnemia m:mbranifolia,
21. LASTREA syRMaTicaA. (Willd. under Aspidium). Stipes
BAA FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
tufted, 1-2 feet long, naked, straw-coloured ; fronds up to about 5 feet
long pinnate ; pinnz shortly stalked up to about 1 foot long by 14
inch broad, cut down to a broadly winged rachis, the lower ones
scarcely reduced; segments } inch broad, slightly toothed, rather
distant, with a tooth in the sinus between them, glabrous or sub-
glabrous, scarcely coriaceous in texture ; rachises glabrous on both
sides; veins ail forked 10-15 on each side; sori small ina single row
on each side of the costule, nearer the margin than the costule,
always medial on the superior veinlet (never terminal) ; indusium
reniform glabrous. Wd. Sp. Fl. v.
237. Hook. Syn. Fil. 272. LL. specta-
bilis, Hook. Sp. fal. iv 15.) Bega ae
S27? F5408:.
Mr, Baker says that thé groups of
veins often join, this I have not
seen in my specimens; but very
rarely the two forks of the vein join
each other before running out at the
margin; the veinlet is also always con-
tinued beyond the sorus, I have never
found aterminal sorus, though they
often appear to be so until the frond is
held up to the light.
South India, not common ; Carcoor
ghat, 2,000~2,500 feet; Anamallays and
Travancore Hills. Ceylon, forests of
the central provinces ; North India,
Sikkim, Assam and Khasya, up to no great elevation ; Birma and
Malay Peninsula. |
(Also in the Philippines.)
22. LASTREA FLACCIDA. (Hook.) Stipes tufted, about 1 foot long,
slender, glabrous, fronds, 1-1} feet long, pinnate ; pinnze very flaccid
and membranaceous, 3—4 incheslong by nearly 1 inch broad, cut down
to the rachis, which has a very distinct narrow wing quite square with
the rachis, between the pinnules ; pinnules oblong from a very square
LASTREA FLACCIDA. (o0k.}
i
|
:
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}
,
q
YY) AN
We "sy
Z
LASTREA BRUNONIANA,
(Wail.)
246 I'ERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
base, and obtuse at the apex, rather deeply lobed (about half down) ;
the segments being falcate, lower pinnee somewhat distant and a little
reduced in size, and sometimes deflexed; main rachis slightly
hairy, partial rachis costules and veins furnished with longish weak
brown hairs above, and beneath with long white needle-like hairs ;
veins pinnate in the ultimate segments in fully developed fronds,
forked or even simple in smaller examples; sori generally terminal
or near the apex of a veinlet ; indusium small reniform. Hook. Syn.
Wp 27 4. Beddwhs 5. Let, 2)5 0.
Mr. Clarke has joined this with L. gracilescens, but quite wrongly
in my opinion, tts,real affinity ts with L. tenericaulis, which wt strongly
resembles, and of which it may be a more simple form.
South India, Travancore Hills, rare. Ceylon, about Newera
Elya and the highest part of central provinces. Himalayas up to
6,000 feet.
(Also in Java.)
23. LASTREA BRUNONIANA. (JVal/.) Stipes tufted, 4-6 inches
long, black, densely clothed with large dark-brown lanceolate scales,
fronds 12-18 inches long, 2-4 inches broad, with numerous close
subequal oblong-lanceolate blunt pinnze, the lower ones reduced, the
largest 13-2 inches long, ? inch broad, cut down nearly to the
rachis into sharply toothed rounded lobes 13-2 lines broad, texture
herbaceous, rachises ebeneous and more or less clothed with long
fibrillose scales, under surfaces naked, sori copious, medial on the
veinlets. Asp. Brunonianum, Wad/. Cat. 344. Hook. Syn. fil. 274.
Wedd. PB Wat 37.
Himalayas, 11,000 to 16,000 feet, Kashmir to Bhotan. Very
like L. odontoloma in texture and cutting, knowing so little of the
plant as I do, I should not like to suggest it is the same, but I had
great difficulty in distinguishing between some specimens of these
two in the Kew Herbarium, and Mr. Clarke named one specimen he
gave me of this ‘‘ odontoloma.”’
24. LASTREA BARBIGERA. (Hook.) Stipes tufted, 6-12 inches
long, densely clothed with large bright-Lrown scales and soft silky
pee Se
N° 127
LASTREA BARBIGERA. (//002.)
LASTREA ODUNTOLOMA. (JZoore.}
|
248 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
hairs ; fronds 2—3 feet long; pinneze close, lanceolate, 4—6 inches long,
1-14 Inch broad, gradually reduced below; pinnules oblong, blunt,
usually distinct, sometimes subpinnatifid, the segments with copious
aristate teeth, the edge often incurved ; texture herbaceous ; rachises
clothed like the stipe; midrib beneath rather scaly ; sori in rows
close to the midrib of the pinnules. ook. Syn. Fil. 274. Bedd.
F. B. I. 7%. 224. WL. Faleonheri, Hook. Syn. fil, 277, Beige
te 41.
Himalayas; Kashmir to Sikkim, 11,000-15,000 feet elevation.
Nearly allied to Brunoniana if it be really distinct, which I doubt.
25. LASTREA ODONTOLOMA. (Moore.) Stipes 6 inches, soft
thick chestnut-coloured, with scattered deciduous lax lanceolate scales ;
fronds up to ro inches long, by 6-8 inches broad, oblong-lanceolate,
truncate at the base ; pinnze often widened at the base, 2-pinnate ;
secondary pinnee elliptic-oblong, pinnatifid (sometimes deeply) ; seg-
ments rounded, sharply serrate; texture thin becoming hyaline
towards the margin; venation subflabellate; involucre fimbriate.
Clarke, F. N. I. p. 521. 1. Filix-mas, var. odontoloma, Hook. Syn.
Fil. p. 498. Bedd. F. Sup. t. 373, not F. S. I. ¢. 114 (which ts typical
LFilix-mas.)
Himalayas, Chumba to Bhotan, 11,000-16,000 feet elevation.
I have followed Mr. Clarke in separating this from Filix-mas,
but I fear I may be wrong in so doing, as specimens of Mr. Clarke’s
Filix-mas, var. panda seem to connect this with that protean species ;
but if it goes into Filix-mas, Brunoniana and barbigera must also be
referred there. I find the greatest difficulty in distinguishing between
this species and Brunoniana, the fimbriate involucre and the truncate
base to the frond, seem the only reliable characters, the former, how-
ever, is of no specific value, and the latter I fear is not constant
(unless I still confuse the species), as some specimens which I
believe to be Brunoniana, and decided by Mr. Clarke to be such,
have the fronds without reduced pinnz at the base.
26. LASTREA Finix-mas. (Linn. under FPolypodium.) Stipes
tufted, more or less clothed with scales, fronds up to about
4 feet long, and about 1 foot broad pinnate to sub-bipinnate ;
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 249
pinnee lanceolate, cut down nearly (scarcely ever quite) to the rachis
into close, blunt, regular segments which are subentire, crenate, or
serrulate, lower pinnz sometimes gradually reduced, sometimes not
at allso; texture generally more or .less coriaceous, rachis scaly or
glabrous, under surface generally naked, sometimes fibrillose, veins
forked, or the lower ones pinnate, sori medial, involucre large, reniform
eiaerous. Polyp. Filix-mas, Z.. Sp.//. 1551. Hook. Syn. Fil.
fae e; Sp, fFals-iv. 116. > Lastrea y
odontoloma. edd. F. S. /. ¢. 11 (typical
Filix-mas). Clarke, F. NV. I. p. 519.
Throughout the Indian region, but
generally confined to considerable ele-
vations on the mountains.
(Also found throughout the world
(in temperate places) except in Australia
and America south of Peru).
Var. § PARALLELOGRAMMA. (S/ook.
Soe.) iv. 116.) Pinnate, rarely
sub-bipinnate, pinne often reduced
towards the base, segments oblong-pa-
rallelogram, generally close and com-
pact, entire, crenated or serrated.
I include under this as sub-varieties,
patentissima, fibrillosa, apiciflora, nidus,
and Clarkei. Taking patentissima (com-
mon throughout the Indian region) as the \ N°129,
type, they all show very slight differences, LASTREA FILIX-MAS. (Z.)
and these are not constant ; apiciflora, VAR. NIDUS. (Clarke.)
which has generally been made a dis-
tinct species, is remarkable on account of the sori being confined to
the apex of its segments ; Mr. Clarke has, however, found it frequently
with the sori scattered, though he says it can be distinguished by being
remarkably free from fibrillz and hairs, but I have specimens which I
gathered, near Darjeeling, with fibrille on all the veins beneath ;
the fronds are generally more truncate at the base than patentissima,
250 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
involucre is reniform, or quite circular from the overlapping at
the sinus. Himalayas, Nepal to Bhotan, 7,500—11,000 feet elevation, —
Bedd. F. B. I. t. 40.—Nidus. Tufts very circular, fronds small,
lower pinnz a little reduced and deflexed, segments few, sori
scattered, but with a tendency to be apical. Sikkim, 9,co0-12,000
feet. edd. F. B. I. Sup. t. 372.—Clarket. Tufts circular, fronds
tapering much at the base, almost down to the caudex; much
smaller than the type, but quite running into it. Sikkim, 9,o00-
11,000 feet. edd. Fern Sup--t-. 371. Colonel Dyas semi ae
from Dalhousie with the under surface very fibrillose (vzde specimen in
British Museum).—/zdrillosa differs only in having the under
surfaces of the pinnz copiously clothed with fibrille. N.W.Hima-
layas, 9,000-12,000 feet from Kumaon to West Kashmir.
VAR. y ELONGATA. (fook and Grev. Ic. ¢. 234.) Fronds trun-
cate at the base, bi-tripinnate, or sometimes pinnate only in forms
from high elevations, ultimate segments generally narrowed upwards
from a broad base, rachises glabrous or scaly. ook. Sp. Fil. iv. 117.
Bedd, F..S. f, 112; Var. marginata, Clarke, plate 7a. 2iaeiee
Canariense, 4. Brown. ;
South India on the Western mountains, 4,000-6,000 feet ele-
vation; Ceylon; Himalayas and Khasya, 5,o00~9,000 feet elevation.
Aspidium rigidum (Desv.) seems quite to run into this. Asp.
Schimperianum (/ochst.) [intermedia, Bedd. F. S. L. ¢. 113], is only
a form at a higher elevation, 2-pinnate or 1-pinnate, with often very
large sori; but it quite runs intothe type. Nilgiris, higher elevations.
Himalayas, 7,000-12,000 feet. This can always be distinguished
from large forms of sparsa by the lower basal pinnules of the lowest
pinnz not being elongated.
VaR. 6 COCHLEATA. (Yoz.) Fronds truncate at the base,
generally dimorphic, pinnate or sub-bipinnate in the sterile, bipin-
nate in the fertile ; involucres very large and completely covering the
under surface of the contracted fertile pinnules, but the broader
fronds are sometimes partially, or even wholly, in fructification ;
‘4 a
I
‘ '
“~
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 251
rachises glabrous, or sometimes scaly. Don. Prod. Fl. Nep. 6
weed. FS. J. 7. 115. Arthobotrys macroearpa, Wall. Cat. 395.
; North India up to 4,000 feet elevation; South India, Western
mountains 2,000~-4,000 feet; Malay Peninsula. A very distinct
looking plant in its typical form at low elevations, but running it to
elongata at higher elevations (vzde forms of my collecting on the
Nilgiris and Brumagherries in.the British Museum).
VAR. € PANDA. (Clarke,
my P) 510, 7. 68,. fig. 1.)
Fronds simply pinnate, truncate
at the base, narrow oblong,
pinne pinnatifid 4-3 towards
the midrib, segments sub-
spinulose.
Himalayas, Dhurmsala,
I0,000-I1,000 feet elevation.
This has much the aspect of
odontoloma, and it will pro-
bably prove to be a luxuriant
form Of that plant; ' if a
variety of Fuilix-mas, it cer-
tainly connects odontoloma
with it.
LASTREA FILIX-MAS. (Z.)
VAR. 6 COCHLEATA. (Doz.)
Tt 1 Lronds compound, 2-4-pinnate.
27. LASTREA RIGIDA. (Desv.) Stipes tufted, 6 inches long,
densely clothed below with large lanceolate or ovate scales; fronds
up to 2 feet long, oblong-lanceolate, largest pinnze 3-43 inches long,
t—14 inch broad, the pinnules of the lower half free ovate rhomboidal,
cut down nearly to the rachis below, teeth mucronate; texture herba-
ceous ; rachises usually scaly, under side naked or slightly glandular ;
veinlets subpinnate in the lower lobes of the pinnules; sori near the
midrib; indusium firm prominent. ook. Syn. Hil. p. 275. Clarke,
ev. 1. p. 523.
Very near L. Filix-mas elongata, and I cannot say I know any
character to distinguish it.
252 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
Himalayas, Kashmir to Kumaon 6,oc0-8,000 feet elevation.
(Also in Europe, Caucasus, and Cabul).
28. LASTREA SPINULOSA. (Desv.) Stipes tufted, about 1 foot
long, sparingly clothed with ovate concolorous scales; fronds 12-18
inches long, 6-8 inches broad, oblong-lanceolate ; lower pinnz sub-
deltoid, 3-4 inches long, 13-2 inches broad, the lowest pair about
equal to the next ; pinnules ovate-lanceolate, the largest about 1 inch
long, 3 inch broad, cut down to the rachis below into close oblong
lobes with copious aristate teeth; texture herbaceous ; rachis stra-
mineous, scarcely scaly; under surface not glandular; colour pale-
green ; involucre not gland-ciliated. Mook. Brit. F- ¢. 20.
VaR. y REMOTA. (4. 47.) Scales lanceolate, concolorous,
extending to the rachis; fronds oblong-lanceolate, about 2 feet long,
6 inches broad; pinnee lanceolate, close; pinnules ovate-oblong,
only the lowest free, the largest about 1 inch long, 4 inch broad,
cut half-way down to the rachis or more, spinulose teeth few; under
side and involucre not glandular. Hook. Brit. F. t. 22. Bedd.
F. B. f. t. 336. Asp. eberneum, Wall. Car. 380; 77 por.
Kashmir to Nepal, 6,000—9,000 feet elevation.
(Also in Northern and Alpine Europe, Asia and America.)
29. LASTREA SPARSA. (Don.) Rhizome short, suberect,
densely covered with lanceolate-linear golden or reddish scales ;
stipes long, 1 foot or more, with scattered’ scales; main rachis
. generally glabrous or subglabrous ; fronds ovate, 2-3 pinnate, lowest
pinnze the largest, deltoid, with their lower basal pinnules generally
compound, pinnules deeply pinnatifid above, less so below, and
more or less cut away at the base, ultimate segments oblong or some-
what trapezoidal, coarsely toothed and often quite sharply serrated ;
texture more or less coriaceous ; veins pinnate in the segments
terminating within the margin; sori either terminal on a veinlet or
well below its apex; indusium reniform. Don. Prod. Fl. Nep. 6.
Beda. FS. I. t. 103. Hook. Syn. Fil. 276. Aspidium marginatum,
Wall. Cat. 201, 2nd sheet, :
WoVST.
A.S.CATTELL &GOENGRAS. _
LASTREA SPARSA. (Dov.) VAR. y OBTUSISSIMA. (JZidé.)
254 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
Himalayas and Khasya, 2,000-6,000 feet, very common ; South
India, abundant on all the Western mountains and on the hills on
the East side ; Ceylon ; Birma and Malay Peninsula.
(Also in the Malay Islands, China, and Mauritius.)
VaR. 6 NITIDULA. (Wall. Cat. 392.) Stipes and rachis red,
lower pinne less divided, pinnules less cut; indusium deciduous,
Bedd. F. Sup. t. 374.
Nepal to Bhotan, 9,o00-12,000 feet elevation.
VaR. y optusissima. (Afett.) Base of stipe clothed with
Jight brown broad chaffy scales, lower pinnze similar to the others ;
frond less cut, the ultimate segments broader, shorter and blunter,
oblong to obovate. Bedd. F Sup. 375. Kuhn. Lin. 36.
Ceylon, Nepal.
VAR. © DELTOIDEA. (Bedd.) Fronds quite deltoid, the upper
and lower basal pinnules being much reduced in size. edd.
ES. LD DAS,
Ceylon.
Var. ¢ MINOR. (Z/w.) Fronds very small, often only 3 inches, 3
simply pianate, the pinnz only 4 inch broad, but in fructification,
larger specimens, however, running into the smaller forms of
deltoidea.
Ceylon ; Simla, North Cachar.
Var. € ZeyLtanica. (Sedd.) In texture and colour like obtu-
sissima, but much more compound and the basal pinnules larger
than the others, main secondary and tertiary rachises more or
less matted with black adpressed flattish scales; base of stipes a
cushion-like mass of long narrow golden scales. L. pulvinulifera,
var. (3 Zeylanica. Bedd. F. Sup. p. 17.
Ceylon, Blackpool.
VAR. 1 UNDULATA. (7/w.) Pinnee deflexed, rachis and secon-
dary rachis geniculate-flexuose. A very curious variety only found
on the top of the hill over the Hackgalle Government Gardens,
ie Fe, ee
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AN D CEYLON. 255
Ceylon (near Newera Elya), 5,000 feet elevation. Lastrea undulata
Riv@ares), Bedd. FS. f.4..271.
Mr. Clarke’s variety latesquama, does not differ from what I
consider the type of sparsa, which agrees exactly with Wad/. Cat. 390,
Asp. densum, and Wall. Cat. 7080, Asp. oppositum.
30. LASTREA PULVINULIFERA. (Bedd.) Stipe up to 30 inches
long, furnished with a dense cushion-like mass of golden scales at
the base (as in L. odorata), and clothed throughout (especially in the
older specimens), as are the rachis and partial rachises, with numerous
narrow black scales, which proceed from a broad base, and which are
generally more copious at the axils of the pinne ; fronds ample, up to
30 inches long (without the stipe) by 18 inches broad near the base,
deltoid, tripinnate, coriaceous-herbaceous ; pinne gradually decreasing
in size from the base to the apex, lower pair opposite, large deltoid
with the pinnules of the lower margin much the largest, remaining
pinne alternate or rarely subopposite or opposite; pinnules up to
4 inches long in the basal pinne, with their secondary pinnules equal
to the primary pinnules on the upper parts of the frond; segments
obtusely rounded, entire or lobed, and occasionally dentate or crenate,
glabrous on both sides, but sometimes furnished with a few weak
setee on the costules and veins on the upper side ; veinlets incon-
spicuous, terminating within the margin; sori terminal on the lower
veinlet ; involucre reniform glabrous. edd. &. B. J. ¢. 333. Las-
trea pulvinulifera (Baker), Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 500, tu part only.
Clarke, fF. NV. I. p. 525, x partonly. Lastrea sparsa, var. squamulosa,
Clarke, 1. ¢. p. 524, in part.
Sikkim, very common about Darjeeling. Perhaps only a very
compound form of sparsa.
31. Lasrrea BucHaNnani. (ZSaker.) Stipes tufted up to 1
foot long, dark coloured at the base, straw-coloured upwards, densely
clothed as is the rachis, with long spreading rather rigid black hairs ;
fronds ovate to deltoid, tripinnate, with the tertiary pinnules from °
subentire to pinnatifid, secondary rachis hairy, lowest pinnz largest
deltoid unequal sided from being more compound at the base,
3
S
5
o.
QO
&
~
Fr
=
&
<
©
co)
<
(Wall.
LASTREA SPECTABLLIS.
ee en
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 267
tertiary rachis a little scaly, ultimate segments oblong blunt; texture
subcoriaceous ; veins pinnate or forked in the ultimate segments ;
sori below the middle of the veins and near the costules (never apical
on a veinlet as in pulvinulifera) ; involucre reniform, glabrous, per-
sistent. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 498. Lastrea pulvinulifera, Hook. 7. ¢.
500, 72 part only. Nephrodium pulvinulifera, Clarke, F. NV. f. p.
525, 22 part only.
Himalayas, near Darjeeling, 7,500 feet elevation.
(Also in Natal and Bourbon.)
32. LASTREA SPECTABILIS. (Wall. under Aspidium.) Stipes
1-14 foot long and with the rachises purple-coloured and furnished
with patent linear subulate reddish-brown scales; fronds 2-4 feet
long, more than 1 foot broad, subdeltoid, tripinnate with the tertiary
pinnules deeply pinnatifid, and their segments again crenated or
serrated, lowest pinnee largest, deltoid, unequal-sided, the two lower
basal secondary pinne being much produced ; texture moderately
firm, the costa of the pinnules and veins of the segments sparingly
furnished with long weak setz most copious on the upper side,
otherwise glabrous, sori medial on the upper basal veinlet of the
Segmiencs involucre reniform. Wall. Cat. 372., Clarke, & WN. J.
p. 526. Lastrea Hendersoni, Bedd. Fern Sup. t. 377.
Khasya on Shillorg Hill 5,00c-6,500 feet elevation ; Nepal.
33. LASTREA DEPARIOIDES. (Moore under Diclisodon.) Stipes
about 1 foot, long, firm, slightly scaly below; fronds up to 2 feet
long, oblong-lanceolate, bipinnate with the pinnules deeply pin-
natifid, pinne 4-6 inches long, 2 inches broad, lanceolate, the
secondary rachis with a very narrow inconspicuous wing, pin-
nules stalked, deltoid, unequal sided, with broad blunt subquad-
rangular lower segments and prominent teeth, texture rather
firm, rachis and both surfaces naked; sori terminal in the teeth
which the convex involucres quite conceal. Diclisodon, Moore,
Index Fil. 316. lLastrea deparioides, Bedd. FS. L. t.104. Hook.
Syn. Lil. 277.
South India, on the Anamallay Hills, 2,000 feet elevation ;
Ceylon, southern provinces.
18
258 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
34. LasrREA TuHwaltTesil. (Baker.) Quite like the last in
general outline and habit, except that the pinnules are less cut and
the segments bluntly lobed instead of having prominent teeth, and the
sori just within the margin; it is probably only a variety of depari-
oides or the normal form of it, as that species is very abnormal in the
genus. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 277. LL. concinna (Zhwaztes), Bedd.
Wi Sf. 15246,
Ceylon, southern pro-
vinces, 2,000 feet elevation.
35. LASTREA CRENATA.
(Lorsk under FPolypodium.)
Stipes up 14 foot long, straw
coloured, glossy, densely
clothed at the base with a tuft
ot golden lanceolate-linear
scales, fronds up to 1% foot
long, 3-4-pinnate deltoid,
lowest pinnz much the largest
deltoid, 6-9 inches long, 3—4
inches broad, pinnules lan-
ceolate, often imbricated, with
Nels ovate or oblong pinnatifid
LASTREA DEPARIOIDES. ‘ ,
segments, with blunt rounded
(Afoore.)
lobes; texture herbaceous,
colour pale green; rachises pilose or subglabrous, surfaces pilose ;
sori copious, medial on the veinlets ; indusium large, pale coloured,
villous. Zorsk. Hl. AZgypt.-Arab. 185. Lastrea eriocarpa ; (Decne.)
Hook. Sp. Fil. iv. tar. Bedd. F. S. I. t. 95. Nephrodium odoratum
(Baker), Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 280. Aspidium pilosulum, Wad. Cat.
337; and subdiaphanum, 343. ?
Himalayas from Gurwhal to Bhotan, 2,000—7,000 feet elevation,
Khasya, 2,000-4,500 feet, Chota Nagpore, 2,000-3,000 feet ; South
India, on the Anamallays, Peringoonda Hill, 5,000 feet, and elsewhere
on the western ghats, but rare ; Ceylon; Malay Peninsula.
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 259
(Also in Tropical Africa ; Mauritius ; South China.)
36. LASTREA ParIsHil. (ook.) Caudex creeping, stipe 6-9
inches long, slender, naked, ebeneous, fronds small, 6—8 inches each
way, deltoid, the lower pinnz much the largest, lower pinnules larger
than the others, which are oblong-lanceolate acuminate 1$—2 inches
long by 4-2 inch broad, cut down |
nearly to the rachis into close oblong-
lanceolate crenated lobes, texture mem-
branaceous, rachises and under surfaces
pubescent ; veinlets pinnate or forked
in the lobes ; sori in two rows, not far
from the midrib, apical on a veinlet
or situated well below the apex, indu-
sium reniform. Hook. Syn. Fil. p.
poms edd. I. GB. I. t. 43.
Birma, Moulmein, moist shady
places on limestone rocks.
37. LASTREA SIKKIMENSIS. (edd.
under Polystichum.) Stipes and rachises
rather copiously furnished with _per-
sistent ovate acute blackish scales, ;
fronds ovate acuminate up to 3 feet LASTREA PARISHII. (/o0k.)
long, subcoriaceous-membranaceous, bipinnate, primary pinnz 4—6
inches long, oblong acuminate, secondary pinnules oblong, deeply
pinnatifid, $ inch to rf inch long, tertiary pinnules sharply and
deeply cut, with the segments acuminate and falcate, costa of the
pinnules waved, veins simple or forked, terminating within the margin,
sori generally one to each segment, terminal on a veinlet, involucre
reniform. Polystichum sikkimense, Bedd. / B. 7. ¢. 127. Nephro-
dium, Clarke, F. N. 1. ~.525. Hook. Syn. Fil, 256.
Sikkim, Mon Lepcha, 10,o00—12,c00 feet elevation.
38. LASTREA BLUMEI. (/Zook.) Stipes up to about 2 feet
long, stout, very shaggy, with long linear rufous scales, rachises
7
260 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
rufous-pubescent, and copiously furnished with rufous scales, fronds
very large ovate in outline, tripinnate, primary pinne 10-15 inches
long, tertiary pinnee 1-14 inch long, pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, the
segments oblong entire or rarely rather deeply incised, sparingly
hairy above, pubescent on the costa on both sides; veinlets forked
or simple; sori small medial on the veinlets; involucre reniform,
glabrous. Lastrea Blumei, Hook. Sp. Fil. iv., 135, 2 part at least.
Bedd. F. S. f. t. 249. UL. intermedia (Baker), Hook. Syn. Fil. p.
283. L. rhodolepis, Clarke, &. NV. J. $26.
North India, Sikkim, Assam and Khasrya 5,coo—7,000 feet ;
Ceylon, common in the central provinces, 2,000—3,000 feet elevation.
(Also in Japan; Malay Islands ; Polynesia.)
Mr. Clarke states that it is not the intermedia of Blume. I do
not know whether he is correct in this, but in any case a new name
is unnecessary, as it has been published and figured as Blumei, a name
otherwise unoccupied.
39. LASTREA RECEDENS. (/. Smith.) Rhizome creeping, stipes —
erect, villous, clothed at the base with linear scales ; fronds very large
deltoid, 3-pinnate above, 4-pinnate below, with the quaternary
pinnules deeply pinnatifid, lower pinnee up to nearly 2 feet long, (in
large specimens) secondary pinnz on the lower side g—10 inches
long, quaternary pinnze # inch long, the ultimate segments entire
or slightly crenated, texture herbaceous, rachises villous, under
surface softly hairy on the veins, upper surface nearly glabrous
except on the costules, veins forked, sori terminal on, or a little
below, the apex of a veinlet. Phegopteris recedens (/. Smith),
Flook. Jour. of Bot. ui. 394. Lastrea recedens, Bedd. F. S. I. ¢. 98,
two-thirds of a small frond. Nephrodium, Hook. Syn. Fil. 281.
South India, on the lower Pulney Mountains, and Travancore
and Tinnevelly Hills, 3,000-5,000 feet elevation ; Ceylon, central
provinces, 2,500—5,000 feet elevation.
(Also in the Philippines.)
40. LASTREA DISSECTA. (Forst.) Rhizome erect, stipes 1 foot
or more long, a little scaly at the base, fronds deltoid to ovate, up to
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 261
nearly 3 feet long ; texture herbaceous, pinnate above, with the pinnze
6-9 inches long by 1% inch broad, pinnatifid two-thirds towards
the rachis, bipinnate below, from some of the lower basal pinnules
of the lowest pinne being stalked and much elongated and deeply
pinnatifid, and equal to some of the upper primary pinnz; ultimate
segments crenulate, a little hairy above (on the lamina, not the veins),
with scale-like hairs, quite glabrous below in South Indian examples,
but with scale-like hairs in specimens from Ceylon; veinlets forked,
always free, a forked veinlet often proceeds from the costa to the
margin of the sinus, between the segments; sori apical on the
superior veinlet, forming a single row on each side of the segments
nearer the margin than the midrib, involucre reniform, glabrous ;
fertile portions of the frond often much contracted and frond often
only partially seeding. Lastrea membranifolia, Bedd. F. S. /. ¢. 102,
a small frond.
The descriptions of Lastrea dissecta in Hooker's Syn. Fil. and
of L. membranifolia in ook. Sp. Fil. includes this species, the variety
ingens and Pleocnemia membranifolia.
Madras Presidency, Western mountains, common up to about
5,000 feet elevation; also in the N. Arcot and Vizagapatam Hills ;
Ceylon, up to 5,000 feet ;, Birma.
(Also in Malay Islands and Polynesia.)
VAR. INGENS. (Clarke.)
ey
SOLE
Day / >
cd ny vas
wel Rts ™~ HZ
S
ih SI SS
mi BS BS
GENS a ‘om ey re
De eee CUS.
; er” i P
PEN) y Si co \
pe me
HE . sos
AeA
oles
za QO
Reale TN ae
CNS s
IEP. one
es 4 = 2;
. Es ;
. Vp aS SG We a
G i
< AR
SRN we Le Us
AY e INS
Pr ony
a ia LER DUS A AUS ea
Te SEM NIN Las
boy “2g
x pe ee
SY Wh Neg
af Se a
veins spreading, simple or often forked near the base ; sori in a single
regular series close to the costa; veins when simple soriferous near
their base, when forked, soriferous at the apex of the short fork.
Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p. 123. Hook. Sp. Fil. iv. 166. Polypodium hir-
fom Fook, Sp. fil. iv. 170, (not Mett.). Bedd. F. B. fF. 212. -P.
_lasiosorum (//ook.), Bedd. F. B. I. t. 172.
Ceylon.
(Also in Java and Luzon.)
Ye iY Vy
(BL)
POLYPODIUM HIRTELLUM.
(Baker)
POLYPODIUM CORNIGERUM.
- lar, subacute, repand on the upper
solitary at fork close to main rachis,
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 307
6. POLYPODIUM SESSILIFOLIUM. (/Zook.) Caudex small, erect
or ascending, scaly ; stipes scarcely any; fronds tufted, membrana-
ceous, firm, 3-9 inches long, 2-3 lines wide, linear, scarcely
acuminated, obtuse, attenuated at the base ; veins oblique, approxi-
mate, forked; sori oblong, parallel with the costa in lines or series inter
mediate between the costa and the margin, medial on the upper
veinlet. Hook. Fil. iv. 168. Syn. Fil. p. 322. Bedd. F. B. TI. t. 119.
Penang:
(Also in the Philippines. )
** Fronds pinnatifid.
7. POLYPODIUM CORNIGERUM.
(Baker.) Fronds tufted, subses-
sile, erect ligulate, 3-4 inches long,
2-24 lines broad, pinnatifid or
subpinnate, lobes 20—30 jugate,
diminishing in size from middle of
frond both ways, almost triangu-
edge; texture subcoriaceous, sur-
faces glabrous; veins one to each
lobe, forked, falling far short of
the margin; sorus large round,
and medial on the vein. ook.
Syn. Fil. 503. LBedd. Fern Sup.
Z. 381.
Ceylon, Horton plains, rare,
(eb. 4005.)
POLYPODIUM CUCULLATUM. (JVees.
8. POLYPODIUM CUCULLA- : ( )
Tum. (JVees.) Caudex very small, ascending ; stipes densely tufted
1-3 lines long, naked ; fronds subcoriaceous or somewhat membra-
naceous, 3-5 inches long, 2-3 lines broad, flaccid, linear-lanceolate
acuminate, deeply nearly to the costa pinnatifid ; the lobes linear-
308 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
oblong $—? line broad, those of the upper half fertile, broader and with
the edges upcurved so as to clasp the large solitary sorus; costa and
sometimes the frond deciduously pilose. ook. Syn. Fil. 324. Ca-
lymmodon cucullatus (Pres2.), Bedd. FS. L. t. 233.
Ceylon, on rocks and trees, ake) and southern provinces,
3,000-5,000 feet elevation.
g. POLYPODIUM KHASYANUM. ae? Stipes tufted, very short,
fringed with soft hairs :
inches long, by 13 inch
aa broad, flaccid, cut down
53 nearly to the rachis into
es linear-oblong entire or
oe slightly undulated blunt
in
NANA
SPE
lobes 2~3 lines broad,
texture thick subcoria-
ceous ; rachis and both
sides sparingly hairy ;
Z.. veinlets simple; sori
apical on the veinlets,
sunk in an oval cavity
(having an_ elevation
on the upper side of
the frond) in rows of
4-6 oneach side of the
midrib: ook: Syn. Fil, 325. Beda. 1. B. 7 eae
Khasya 3,000-4,000 feet, near Cherra; Assam, from Cherra to
Jowye and Jarain in Jaintea, 3,000—4,000 feet elevation, not plentiful
anywhere.
N°162.
POLYPODIUM TRICHOMANOIDES. (Sw .)
10. POLYPODIUM TRICHOMANOIDES. (Sz) Caudex short, erect,
paleaceous above, densely rooting with wiry fibres ; stipes short, $—-1
inch long, densely tufted, patent-villous with long fibrous hairs,
fronds 3-4 inches to a span long, 2—4 lines wide, rigid-membranaceous,
fronds up to about 14 _
ee
CS a
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 309
linear, attenuated at both extremities, deeply nearly to the costa
pinnatifid or almost pinnate (quite so at the very base), lobes hori-
zontally patent from a broad base, ovate or oblong entire, sub-concave
beneath, sub-deciduously ciliated with long fibrous or blackish
patent hairs ; veins solitary in each lobe, simple or forked, each lobe
having a single sorus near the base of the veins and the costa. ook.
eee ty. 178 ; Syn. fil. 326. Bedd. F. BL. 7. 2.
Sikkim, 9,000o-12,000 feet elevation.
(Also in South America, Brazil and Ecuador ; and Cuba.)
11. POLYPODIUM GLANDULOSUM. (/fook.) Caudex small, in
distinct, clinging to the bark of trees by copious
rooting fibres, the rest of the plant all over
pilose-glandulose, most so beneath ; stipes
tufted 1-3 lines long, fronds 2—4 inches long, 4
inch broad, linear obtuse, scarcely attenuated
at either extremity, rather firm-membrana-
ceous, sub-succulent, deeply nearly to the
rachis pinnatifid ; segments ovate, sub-acute,
horizontally patent, decurrent at the base,
lowermost ones free, all of them serrate-pinna-
tid, costule, and rather distant few and ob-
lique simple veins indistinct ; sori 1-6 to each
segment globose. Hook. Sp. Fil. iv. 193.
mien. 327. Beda. FS. I. t. 238B. N°163.
Ceylon, in the central provinces, Ram- Diet ere oe
bodde, and summit of Wattakelia Hill. SEAN DUROSUM Ce)
12. Potypopium Tuwairesi. (edd.) Caudex creeping,
clothed with lanceolate scales; fronds sessile or subsessile, sub-
coriaceous, perfectly glabrous, 2-4 inches long by about 1 inch
broad, lanecolate or oblanceolate, deeply almost to the rachis pin-
natifid ; lobes 1-2 lines broad, lanceolate, blunt, rather ascending,
more or less repand or sinuate-pinnatifid, the lower reduced
gradually to a narrow wing ; veinlets distant, erect-patent, simple or
more rarely forked, where simple soriferous at the apex, where
310
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
forked the superior veinlet only is soriferous ; sori round, slightly
immersed. edd. F. B. I. t. 188. Baker, in Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 508.
SS : =
~ S
=)
Wes Fe
GOSS =
NX \
~
BF - NP
Vp EDEL E
Jie
N°IG4.
POLYPODIUM THWAITESII.
(&edd.)
JEG s akin PR eae ee
Cat. 7. 343.
Beda. FB. Lt 22528
Ceylon, about Dickoya, on
trees, very sweet scented (C.P.
3,900).
13. POLYPODIUM DECORUM.
(Lrack.) Caudex short, rather.
thick, creeping, densely ferrugi-_
nous-squamose, stipes approxl-
mate, sub-terminal on the caudex,
2-4 lines long ; fronds coriaceous,
glabrous, 6-12 inches long, 3-1
fy inch broad, narrow-lanceolate,
“X&. much and almost caudate-acu-
minate, the base very gradually
attenuated into the short stipe,
deeply and nearly to the rachis
pinnatifid, segments horizontally
patent, narrow-oblong obtuse,
quite entire, below gradually be-
coming shorter and broader and
forming shallow elongated lobed
wings at the base; costa glabrous
or pilosulous, costule and veins
quite sunk and inconspicuous ;
sori oblong, 2-8 in a row, on each
side of the costule, and apical on
the short veins, which do not
nearly reach the margin, partially
sunk in a hairy cavity (but with
no raised border). Hook. Sp.
Fil. iv. 179. Brack. Fil. Un. Sz.
P. serra, Wall.
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 311
South India, on the Tinnevelly Mountains, near Courtallum :
Ceylon, Singhe Rajah Forest; Singapore and Mount Ophir; North-
west India, near Mandal (Edgeworth).
(Also in Borneo, Luzon, Tahiti.)
14. PoLypopiuM FuscaTuM. (4/.) Stipes tufted, 1-3 inches
long, densely clothed with soft spreading hairs; fronds 3-6 inches
long, 4-1 inch broad, cut down nearly to the rachis throughout into
close entire obtuse pinne, @
1 line broad, the lower
ones shorter and broader, & Z
texture subcoriaceous, Ss =2
rachis and both sides 2 SB
thinly clothed with soft s2 Ss 2
hairs; veins obscure, sim- SZ SZ
ple ; sori forming a close =2 =
row on each side the a7
WS\Keeee?
‘ Le
Ni Aare
4.6 .CATTELL £02 ENGRAS.
POLYPODIUM OBLIQUATUM. (&2/.)
with densely matted ts
roots; stipes tufted, we,
NK
very short, naked or Rs
hairy; fronds , 4-6 We
inches long, about 1 ‘et gl,
inch broad, cut down 2B
‘3 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 318
fertile pinnae sometimes undulated. ook. Syn. Fil. 328. Bedd.
F. S. J. 167. Cryptosorus, #ée. Ccelopteris, 4. Br.
South India, Anamallay Mountains, up the T oracadu River,
4,000-5,000 feet elevation, Tinnevelly and Travancore Hills;
Ceylon, common on trees about Newera Elya.
16. POLYPODIUM
REPANDULUM. (JZett.)
Caudex stout, erect,
se It
> ote ~
to the rachis through- eae \
out, into erect-patent SSS CaN WE
blunt crenated pinnz
3-4 lines broad ; tex-
ture subcoriaceous; Ses
rachis naked, or —
with a few very long ail i
hairs; surfacesnaked, *‘
or with long hairs
beneath on the costa;
veinlets simple, fall-
ing short of the mar-
gin; sori _ slightly
mmmersed, filling
nearly the whole
space between the
midrib and the margin, and apical on the veinlets. ook. Syn. Fil.
328. Polypodium subfalcatum, var. 6, Bedd. & B. JL. ¢. 18098.
a f
Mf is
SINAC LLL
CA WY
,
Ci
Wis
POLYPODIUM REPANDULUM. (JZ¢ét.
- Polyp. minutum (Baker), Hook. Syn. Fil. 328, as far as the Ceylon
plant ts concerned. C. P. 3073.
Ceylon, higher parts of central provinces, on trunks of trees.
314 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. iy
17. POLYPODIUM SUBFALCATUM. (4/.) Rhizome erect ; stipes
densely tufted, clothed with soft spreading hairs ; fronds 2-10 inches
long, by 3-1 inch broad pinnate, z.e. cut down to the rachis into close
spreading pinnz; pinne hairy on both sides, soft in texture, rather _
sharply toothed sometimes one-third or half-down, decurrent at the
base, the lower ones gradually reduced ; veinlets simple, not reaching
the margin; sori apical on the veinlets one to each tooth or lobe
of the pinne. SB/. Fil. Jav. 186, 7. te A.B. Hook. Syn. Fil. 328.
Polyp. parvulum, edd.
FS. T. t. 166, not Bory.
P. subfalcatum, edd.
F. BT. 189, fig. A. (not
jig. B.) P. parvulum,
5 Lhw. Fin. FL Zeya:
394 7n part, C. P. 1290,
not 3073. It differs from
the last in being soft in
texture instead of coria-
ceous, in being much
more hairy (repandulum
being generally quite
glabrous), in being ser-
rateinstead of crenulate,
and in the sori not
being immersed. Mr.
! Thwaitesincluded them
POLYPODIUM SUBFALCATUM. (J/.) both under his parvu-
lum, and Mr. Baker has the former both under repandulum and
minutum in the Syzopsis Filicum.
South India, Nilgiris Lamb’s Rock near Conoor, Anamallays
banks of Toracadu river, 4,5000 feet ; Ceylon, ‘central provinces ;
North India, Himalayas from Gurwhal to Bhotan, 5,000~-9,000 feet
elevation; Khasya. Mr. Clarke says that some of the Khasya
specimens are as small as P. trichomanoides, but that species has
only one sorus to each pinna, whilst this has the pinna polysorus, or
®
POLYPODIUM DARE/EFORME,
(Hook.)
316 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON,
one to each lobe of the pinna, besides the sori are differently
situated.
** * * Fronds compound.
18. POLYPODIUM DAREAFORME. (/fook.) Rhizome stout,
creeping, clothed densely with filiform golden scales; stipes 6-9
inches long, articulated on the rhizome, naked, glossy; fronds
12-18 inches long, 8-12 inches broad, sub-deltoid, 3~—4-pinnate ;
Darea-like ; pinnze 1-2 inches broad, lanceolate deltoid ; secondary
pinne # inch long, tertiary pinne small, forked or pinnate ; the
ultimate segments narrow, almost filiform bluntish, texture herba-
ceous, rachis glossy, both sides quite naked; veins one to each
ultimate segment, not reaching the margin, and thickened at the
apex, and bearing the sorus low down; sori extending beyond the
margins of the segments ; indusium none. ook. Sp. Fil. iv. 256,
Syn. Fil. 339. Acrophorus Hookeri, Bedd. F: B. L. 95 (not Moore,
which ts Leucostegia Hookeri.)
Himalayas and Khasya, 4,000-5,000 feet elevation. ‘This
cannot belong to Phegopteris as the stipes are articulated with the
rhizome ; it is very probably a Leucostegia, but no indusium is to be
detected in the many examples that I have examined ; it has long
been confused with Leucostegia Hookeri, which it closely resembles
in habit.
GENUS LXI.—GONIOPHLEBIUM. (Pres/.)
(Gonzia, angle ; phebes, veins—the veins forming angles.)
Veins forming ample regular areoles, each with a simple or rarely
forked free included veinlet, on which the sorus is terminal, often in
the costal areoles only, but sometimes also in the second or even the
third row, marginal veinlets free; sori non-indusiate, globose or
rarely oblong; fronds pinnatifid or pinnate (simple in some species
not Indian); rhizome wide-creeping, the stipe articulate on the
rhizome ; pinnz articulate with the rachis. }
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 317
* Fronds pinnatifid or somewhat pinnate at the base only.
1. GONIOPHLEBIUM AMAENUM. (Wadl.) Caudex creeping,
stout, densely paleaceous, with ferruginous subulate scales, which
are sub-adpressed, never hair-pointed ; stipes a span to a foot or
more long, stramineous or brown; fronds 1 to nearly 2 feet long,
6-10 inches wide, glabrous or sub-pubescent, ovate, terminating in a
lanceolate.acuminate subentire segment, deeply pinnatifid to within
2-3 lines of the costa, segments horizontal, more or less approximate,
3-8 inches long, {-} inch wide, subfalcate from a broad _ base,
ensiform gradually acuminate, entire, or coarsely dentate-serrate,
lowest pair deflexed, veins forming one costal series of moderately
sized soriferous areoles, and sometimes two (the second not sori-
ferous), marginal veinlets free, soriferous veinlet always arising from
the vein at a distance from the costa; sori subglobose sunk (papil-
lose on the upper side.) Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 24. Wall. Cat. 2. 290.
ped f. DB. J. 7.5. |
Himalayas, from Gurwhal to Bhotan, 4,000-11,000 feet ele-
vation, common; Khasya 3,000-6,000 feet. (Clarke’s var.
tonglensis from Tonglu near Darjeeling, appears only to differ in
the pinnze being blunt at the apex, there is, however, only one poor
specimen known of it.)
2. GONIOPHLEBIUM SUBAMANUM. (C7arke.) Rhizome slender,
densely clothed with grey-brown lanceolate-subulate scales, which are
subadpressed, never hair-pointed, near the base of the main rachis
are sometimes ovate or lanceolate scales ; stipes about 2 inches long ;
fronds 6 inches long, deeply pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, lower
segments much abbreviated and deflexed, all serrated at the margins ;
costal arches of the main rachis continued nearly or quite to the base
of the frond ; main rachis above glabrous or puberulous. Clarke,
Pee... S50, 1: 82, .f-°2.
Very nearly allied to amzenum, and perhaps only a form of it,
differs in its slender rhizome and small size.
Himalayas, on the ridge between Sikkim and Nepal, 11,000-
12,000 feet elevation, very abundant.
CE
SS
Q / of: Of:
S$
79
o
Cn Volgis
NA9/,
246
= gas
oko 7
SoM eu
SS oa 9. /
kee
if
ORO} 02 3
Nes nae
tf)
HVE
ra
SE
q
SASS
ON
4,
L
CXS
AAD
UAT
SENS
AL
9
Rea
A.S.CATTELLR.COENGRAS,
GONIOPHLEBIUM AM4&NUM. (Wal/.)
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON, — 319
3. GONIOPHLEBIUM LACHNoPUS. (VWall.) Rhizome more slen-
der than in amzenum, densely clothed with hair-pointed brown-black
scales spreading from small bases ; base of the rachis often with a few
similar scales; stipe 2-4 inches longyslender naked ; fronds flaccid,
12-18 inches long, 3-4
inches broad, cut down
nearly to the rachis
into spreading slightly-
toothed segments ¢ inch
broad, texture herba-
ceous, both sides naked,
or ‘the rachis beneath
slightly scaly, and pubes-
cent above; costalareoles
in a, single series ; (never
two as sometimes occurs
in amgenum), or rarely
the veins are all free (not
Pons | 2
forming areoles); soriin ¢
a single series in the are-
oles, or at the apex of the ;
forked veinlet when there BCR
isno anastomosis. Wall, E=S555
Cor. 210. Fook. Syn.
mene. edd, F. B. J.
pues. Clarke, F. NV. I.
Pp. 551.
Himalayas, from
Kashmir to Bhotan,
2,000-3,000 feet eleva-
tion, very common.
~Khasya, 3,000 — 5,000
feet elevation.
Sara,
CLL ge
. N°I7I.
GONIOPHLEBIUM ERYTHROCARPUM. (Métt. )
4. GONIOPHLEBIUM ERYTHROCARPUM. (JZetz.) Rhizome ¢ line
thick, glaucous, firm, wide-creeping, scales lanceolate, dark-castaneous,
220 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
minute, not hair-pointed ; stipe 3-4 inches long, naked, stramineous,
very slender; frond oblong-deltoid, 3-4 inches long, 13-2 inches
broad, pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, lobes 5-10 jugate, ligulate blunt,
3-4 lines broad, obscurely repand, adnate, only the lowest narrowed
at the base, on the lower side scarcely shortened, texture rigidly.
subcoriaceous ; rachis and costas below and under surface pilose ;
main veins raised, very distinct to nearly the edge, costal areoles in
one or two series, the second series when present generally without a
free veinlet in lower areole, sometimes forked, or rarely netted and
graduating into the venation of Pleopeltis; sori in a single series in
the lower areoles. Mett. Kuhn. Linn. 36, p. 135. Hook. Syn. Fil.
Bit. Bead. fe D.7) SUpes2,
All my specimens from Messrs. Clarke and Atkinson have
typical Goniophlebium venation, so also have nearly all the speci-
mens at Kew. Mr. Clarke, however, has removed the species to
Pleopeltis, because some specimens gathered by him have the costal
areoles less defined and the veinlets somewhat netted and graduat-
ing into the venation of Pleopeltis. I look upon these as abnor-
mal, the whole habit of the plant being that of Goniophlebium.
Sikkim, Lacheen, 9,coo—11,000 feet elevation, Yakla valley,
8,000 feet.
5. GONIOPHLEBIUM HENDERSONI. (A¢kinson, MS.) Rhizome
very slender, glaucous, wide-creeping, clothed with hair-pointed
scales; stipes 3-4 inches long, naked or scaly, very slender,
grey, stramineous; fronds narrow-lanceolate 8-10 inches long,
13-2 inches broad, deeply nearly to the rachis pinnatifid, or
the lower lobes or pinnze quite free ; pinnz or lobes 20-30 pair,
patent lanceolate acute, 3-4 lines broad, distantly incised, all except
the lowest dilated at their base, texture moderately firm, surfaces
green, naked ; areoles and sori uniserial, the latter near the midrib,
not crowded, occasionally the veins are all or nearly all quite free and
not anastomosing, or forming areoles, costal arches of the main
rachis prominent, very long and narrow, absent of course at the base
of the larger fronds, where it is pinnate, not pinnatifid. Hook. Sya.
UGl. P51. bead. H B.oT. t. 388:
2: NS&I72.
{vv ut
Cyt
Ly cA
fy
Yes dt Cy
uM 5
5 = i Oa
S > VAT i)
i ISOLA oo d Why
| |
Lr a tc NFA ORNS EP RL ORR te
. GONIOPHLEBIUM MOLLE. (Sedd.)
) ae 22 ;
222 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND ‘CEYLON.
Himalayas, dividing ridge between Sikkim and Nepal, and north
of the Jongri, 11,000 to 13,000 feet elevation, very abundant.
6. GONIOPHLEBIUM MICRORHIZOMA. (Clarke.) Rhizome 1 line
thick, firm wide-creeping, clothed with grey-brown ovate or lanceolate
scales, not hair-pointed; base of the rachis often witha few similarscales ;
stipes 4-5 inches long; fronds lanceolate, often caudate at the apex,
about 1 foot long by 3-4 inches wide, deeply nearly to the rachis
pinnatifid, the lowest pinnze sometimes free; pinnz 20-30 pair,
patent lanceolate acute, 3—4 lines broad, distantly incised, texture her-
baceous, rachis glabrous above, castaneous beneath ; areoles and sori
uniserial, or all the veins often quite free, and not forming areoles.
Clarke, F. N. 1. 551..Hfo0k. Syn. fil. p. 511., Bedd, Ty Bia ee
Kashmir to Bhotan, 5,000-8,000 feet elevation, very common.
* * Fronds distinctly pinnate throughout.
7, GONIOPHLEBIUM MOLLE. (Sedd.) Khizome creeping, size
of the stem of a tobacco pipe, densely covered with reddish brown
subulate scales; fronds 13 foot long, 7~8 inches broad, oblong acu-
minate membranaceous, pinnz numerous, 3-4 inches long, } aninch’
wide, furnished on both sides as is the rachis with soft weak whitish
hairs, sinuate-crenate, superior base often subauricled, superior ones
decurrent on the rachis, remainder sessile from a broad base, or
inferior ones subpetiolate ; veins forming two series of areoles, the
lower of which has the soriferous veinlet arising from the side of the
areole distant from the costa, marginal veinlets free or rarely uniting,
simple or forked. edd. & LB. /. t. 206. Polypodium. Beddomei
(Baker), Hook. Syn. fil. and Edit. 344.
Malay Peninsula, in Tenasserim.
8. GONIOPHLEBIUM SUBAURICULATUM. (47. under Polypodium).
Rhizome creeping, stoloniferous, densely clothed with narrow acumi-
nate, often hair-pointed scales, subpruinate ; stipes a span to a foot
and more long, sparingly paleaceous, rufous-brown ; fronds firm,
subcoriaceous, glabrous, 2—6 feet long, a foot and more wide, pinnated,
pinne horizontal, numerous yet remote, 3-10 inches long, } to nearly
2 an inch wide, shortly petioled and jointed on the rachis from a |
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON, 323
somewhat cordate or truncated and occasionally auricled base, linear-
lanceoiate, finely and gradually acuminated, serrated ; veins forming a
double costular series of areoles, including a free venule, of which the
lower series is soriferous, mar-
ginal veinlets free; sori in a
single series forming slightly
elevated pustules on the superi-
orside. Bi. Fil. Jav. p. 177, 7.
pee oon. Sp. Ll. v.- 32.
meee, FB, 7. ¢t. 78.
Khasya, 3,000-5,000 feet N°173.
elevation; Malay Peninsula. CONIOPHLEBIUM SUBAURICULATUM, (Bi.)
(Also in Malay Islands and Queensland.)
g. GONIOPHLEBIUM ARGUTUM. (Wall. under FPolypodium.)
Rhizome thick as a writing-
quill, squarrose with ovate-acute
short blackish or brown glossy
spreading scales, stipes 3-4
inches to a span long, brown
glossy; fronds firm-membra-
naceous, glabrous, 1-2 feet
long, 8-10 inches broad, pin-
nated, pinne distant sub
horizontally patent, 4-6 inches
long, 3- inch wide, from a
broader but obtusely and ob-
lique cuneated or subtruncated
base (rarely rotundate-auricled)
elongate-oblong, acuminate,
ratherobtusely serrated, lower
ones often opposite, the rest NOI74.
alternate, superior ones more GONIOPHLEBIUM ARGUTUM. (Wall.)
or less adnate and decurrent, terminal one similar to the rest, veins
forming a costal series of large oblong soriferous areoles; marginal
veins ending in a thickened apex within the margin all free ; sori super-
324 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
ficial at the apex ofthe free veins in the costal areoles. Wall. Cat.
nm. 308. Look. Sp. Fil. v.32. Beda i, Bae nae :
Himalayas, from Kashmir to Bhotan, 4,000-9,000 feet eleva-—
tion, very common. Closely allied to the last species.
10. GONIOPHLEBIUM VERRUCOSUM. (Wail. under Polypodium.)
Rhizome long, stout creeping, very paleaceous; stipes 14 foot and more
long; fronds 2-3 feet long, oblong-acuminate, firm-membranaceous,
drooping ; pinnze numerous but distant, 6-9 inches long, 1-1}
inch broad, oblong costate, articulate upon the rachis, suddenly and
shortly cuspidate-acuminate entire or serrated chiefly towards the apex,
-——=, |] nearly sessile, the base obliquely cuneate ;
a ff pA
owe Peete primary veins slender but straight and
FAS 7 |
‘ parallel costuliform, forming with the
/ payee i anastomosing veins four or five series of
; sie a iG areoles each with a free included veinlet,
Wier Aaa bu ] rl nly is so-
A lg a t of which the lowest series only
riferous ; sori in a single series next the
costa sunk in a deep cavity, having a cor-
responding pustule on the upper side.
Wall. Cat. n. 296. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 31.
DHA 1 Voi Me OT |
bt ae ee ae Malacca and Penang.
VERRUCOSUM. (Wail. (Also in the Philippines.)
Mr. J. Smith has separated these East Indian species of Gonto-
phlebium from the American because the pinne are articulated with the
rachis, and he has constituted the genus Schellolepis for them.
N°175.
- GENUS LXII.—NIPHOBOLUS. (Kazif)
(Miphos, of snow; bolus, a large pill—the snow-like scales and
round sori.)
Fronds on their under surface matted with woolly or cottony
tomentum ; sori globose or elliptic, superficial or immersed, buried
‘in the tomentum; veins internal, obscure, pinnate, prominent or
vee Balle)
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 325
uniform from a central costa, venules anastomosing sometimes trans-
versely parallel, forming parallelogrammoid areoles, with excurrent
free or occasionally connivent or anastomosed veinlets, sometimes
uniting in roundish or oblong hexagonal unequal oblique areoles, with
variously directed simple or divaricately forked veinlets, the veins of
the fertile frond when contracted less developed; fronds simple or
rarely lobed, rigid, coriaceous, opaque, the fertile often contracted.
1. NIPHOBOLUS ADNASCENS. (Sw. wuder Polypodium.) Rhizome
wide-creeping, paleaceous with lanceolate-setaceous scales ; stipes dis-
tant, 1-2 inches long, furnished at the base with lanceolate-linear
often hairy scales; fronds dimorphous, carnose-coriaceous, dark
green above, but hoary with sparse stellated pubescence beneath, and
paler and even white with more copious compact hairs ; sterile fronds,
2-4 inches long, spathulate or elliptical-lanceolate, obtuse; fertile ones
6-8 inches long, linear or oblong obtuse or acute, both kinds tapering
below into the stipe, costa sub-carinate, costules sunk obscure, their
areoles including four (sometimes only three or two) veinlets, which are
generally free with clavate apices, though they sometimes anastomose ;
sori deep sunk in the tomentum and in the substance of the frond on
each side of the costa, arranged 5-6 in obliquely transverse series,
capsules long stalked, mixed with long stalked stellated scales.
Bea 27. pp. 25 and 228. Hooker. Sp. Fil.v. 47. Bedd. FS.
I. 4.184. Wall. Cat. 268. Polyp. verrucosum, Wall. Cat. n. 267.
P, vittarioides, Wall. Cat. p. 270. P. pertusum, Wall. Cat. 267.
Throughout India from the plains up to 4,500 elevation; Ceylon :
Malay Peninsula.
(Also in China; Fiji; Mascareen Islands, Cameroon Mountains. )
2. NIPHOBOLUS L&vIS. (/. Sw.) Rhizome slender, wide-creep-
ing, clothed with linear setaceous scales ; stipes distant, somewhat
hairy % inch to nearly 2 inches long, furnished with a tuft of scales
at their base; fronds coriaceous, linear-lanceolate, much narrowed
towards the apex, 23—6 inches long, +—? inch broad, glabrous above,
hairy with stellate pubescence beneath ; venation obscure, costules
thin, areoles in three series between the costa and margin, with one,
aK
Wag iS
@
hs
4.3 CATTELL & CO ENGRAS.
NIPHOBOLUS ADNASCENS. (.Sw.)
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 327
——_—
two or three clavate veinlets in each, which are variously directed,
free or rarely joined to the base of the areole above; sori large,
partially sunk in the tomentum, often confined to the apex of the
frond, or scattered, or covering nearly allthe under surface. edd. F.
B. I. t. 161. P. Niphobolus jaintense, Clarke, F. NV. I. p. 552, ¢. 82.
Khasya hills, Jaintea, Jarain, 3,500 feet elevation. Considered
a variety of adnascens by Mr. Baker, but sufficiently distinct in its
venation, I think, to rank as a species.
3. NIPHOBOLUS ACROSTICHOIDES. (Szv.) Rhizome wide-creep-
ing, branched, younger portions squarrose, with rather large bright fer-
ruginous lanceolate scales; stipes 1-3 inches long furnished at the base
with obtuse scales; frond hard coriaceous, 1-2 feet and more long,
4-1 inch wide, glabrous above, beneath whitish or tawny, stellate-
tomentose (tomentum very deciduous) elongate-lanceolate or linear
obtuse ; sterile fronds generally the broadest ; areoles 5—7 between the
costa and margin, each with 3-6 veinlets free and simple, or variously
forked and anastomosing ; sori rather small, prominent, very compact,
generally occupying the upper part of the frond, arranged in 6-8
oblique very close series between the costules. Sz. Syn. Fil. p. 29
woes. Look. Sp. Fil.v. 44. Bedd. F. B. f. 7, 81.- Polyp furfu-
raceum, Wall. Cat. n. 278.
Birma and the Malay Peninsula generally. I have specimens
from Tenasserim 2 feet long and only 3 inch wide.
4. NipHospoLus HETeERactIs. (AZez¢.) Rhizome wide-creeping,
the scales copious lanceolate-linear, not adpressed golden; stipes
distant up to 7 inches long, more or less scaly ; fronds oblong,
with a long acumination about 6 inches long by 14 inches broad,
coriaceous, the fertile not generally contracted, upper surface glabrous,
lower clothed with close compact stellate scales, the rays of which are
broad, with filamentous hairs admixed; areoles in 8-9 series
between the costa and margin, each including 2-3 veinlets, which
are generally forked and more or less anastomosing ; sori rather large
aac prominent. Jett. Kuhn.in Linn. 36,140. Clarke, F. NV. I. p.
535. N. Lingua, Hook.\Syn Fil. 350, im part, and p. 512. Bedd.
masupr. 7. 385.
328 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
Sikkim and Bhotan, 4,000-6,o00 feet elevation ; Khasya,
3,000-5,000 feet. This is very near the Japan Lingua, but it appears
to differ sufficiently to be considered a species, besides the filamen-
tous hairs radiating round thescales, which it requires a magnifying
glass to detect, the habit is somewhat different and the scales of the
rhizome more free and copious.
5. NIpHOBOLUS PANNOSUS. (JZe/¢.) Rhizome wide-creeping,
slender, scales linear, dark coloured, closely adpressed ; stipes up to
6 inches long, stellately scaly ;
fronds lanceolate up to 6 inches
long by 1% inch broad, nar-
rowed at both ends, coriaceous,
glabrous above, at least in age,
beneath densely matted with
stellate scales, the rays of which
are hair-like ; areoles in about
seven series between the costa
and margin, each including 2—
4 veinlets which are simple,
forked, free, or variously anas-
tomosing ; sori crowded, rather
small, 5-6 in a row between
the main veins, not reaching
the margins. JMett. Kuhn.
NIPHOBOLUS PANNOSUS. (AZe?t.) Linn. 36, p. 141. Hook, Syn,
Fil, 512. Niphobolus Lingua, Bedd. #. S. L. ¢. 240.
Ceylon, up to 3,000 feet elevation ; ‘Tenasserim.
6. NiIPHOBOLUS sTIGMOsUS. (Sw.) Rhizome wide-creeping, stout
rufous-paleaceous with slender subulate scales ; stipes subaggregate,
1-63 inches long, angled; fronds a span to 13-2 feet and more long,
1-2-3 inches and more broad, firm, coriaceous, in age glabrous
above, beneath densely stellate-tomentose and subfurfuraceous (tomen-
tum forming a close coat), Janceolate or suboblanceolate acuminate,
\
\
\
Khasya, 2,000—3,000: feet, Paras-
\\
!
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 329
gradually tapering below and decurrent upon the stipes, costules
distinct, elevated on the under side; sori immersed, very minute and
numerous, arranged in compact closely placed lines or series between
the costules and in equally-compact series transversely with them ;
areoles in about ro series between the costa and margin, each in-
cluding many veinlets which are much branched and anastomosing.
eee 7, P27. 29, 226. N. costatus, Hook. Sp. fil. v. 50. Wail.
ae 205., bead. f B. 1..t. 120.
Himalayas, from Gurwhal to
Bhotan, 2,oco—6,000 feet elevation,
magi 92,500 feet; ‘Tenasserim ;
Golcondah Hills West of Vizaga-
patam. My Birma specimens have
very long stipes and the frond scarcely
decurrent, my Himalaya and Viza-
gatam specimens have the frond very
much decurrent, and the stipe very
short.
7. NIPHOBOLUS SUBFURFURA-
cEuS. (fook.) Rhizome short,
branched, creeping, the younger
branches paleaceous with ferruginous
subulate scales, stipes subaggregated,
4-5 inches long, nearly glabrous, yipyoroius sticMosus. (Szw.)
fronds 24-30 inches long, 4—5 inches
wide, broad-lanceolate or oblanceolate, sharply acuminated below,
gradually and much attenuated upon the stipes, glabrous above,
minutely sellate-tomentose beneath, the tomentum thin, firm and
close so as to appear subfurfuraceous or compactly pannose of a
whitish colour, costa stout, costules evident but not elevated; vena-
tion indistinct, quite that of true Campyloneuron, the areoles from
I5—20 in a series between the costa and the margin, each with
numerous (8—g) included free or scarcely anastomosing soriferous vein-
lets ; sori rather small, elevatéd, subglobose (not in the least sunk),
330 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
forming as many arched series between the costules as there are
areoles. | look. Sp. Fal. v.52. Bedd. 7. BD Tiago:
Bhotan and Mishmee. The areoles are much more numerous
than in stigmosus, and the included veinlets also more numerous, but
much less anastomosing, the fronds in my specimens are of thinner
texture, the veinlets being visible (without soaking the frond).
8. NipHopo.tus Fissus. (4/.) Rhizome creeping, paleaceous
with ferruginous scales, stipes eg-
gregated short scarcely any or 3—5
inches long, and then winged or
margined to the base ; fronds car-
nose-coriaceous 6 inches to a foot
and more long, 3 an inch to 1-14
inch wide, lanceolate or linear-lan-
ceolate or even linear, often finely
acuminated, the margin quite entire
(or rarely spuriously and very un-
equally pinnatifid with remote long
and narrow segments), from near
the middle gradually attenuated
downwards to the caudex, at first
wholly tomentose with ferruginous
stellated hairs, at length glabrous
on the upper side and depressed-
purctate, the dots corresponding
NIPHOBOLUS FIssus. (&/.) with the sori; venation quite sunk,
veins pinnate but not prominent, venules transversely parallel and
forming with the veins parallelogrammoid areoles (about five between
costa and margin), with two, sometimes only one, excurrent free
clavate veinlets in each areole ; sori copious and at first quite sunk
among the tomentum appearing in the form of small tubercles, at
length a circular opening appears, but the sori scarcely rise above the
surface of the tomentum, arranged in series. Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 58, 7.
24. Niph. porosus, Hook. Sp. Fil.v. 48. Bedd. #. S. £7. 183.
eS
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 331
Polypodium porosum, Wall. Cat. n. 266. Niph. Schmidianus, Kze.
Bot. Zeit. vi. p. 121. Polyp. mysurense (Heyne), Wall. Cat. 260.
Niph. floccigerus (AZe¢t.), Bedd. F. Sup. t. 386.
South India, Western mountains, 3,o00-8,0o00 feet elevation ;
Ceylon, central provinces ; Himalayas and Khasya, 2,000~7,000
feet elevation; Malay Peninsula. (The Khasya floccigerus only
differs in the fronds being narrower.)
9. NIPHOBOLUS FLOCCULOSUS. \
(Don.) Rhizome short, stout densely \
scaly, especially at base of stipes,
with finely subu'ate golden scales ;
stipes 2-8 inches long, aggregated,
clothed as are the fronds with
dense whitish or brownish stellate
tomentum; fronds 4-16 inches
long by 2-13 broad, carnore-coria-
ceous, lanceolate, finely acuminate,
subsinuate, moderately attenuated
and decurrent, or broad and une-
qually hastate at the base, in age
glabrous above and blackish punc- (Se
tate, venation immersed, costules eee ion
indistinct, areoles 9-16 each with |“ *
3-5 included veinlets which are ~
generally free, simple or forked,
More farely anastomosing with a N!PHOBOLUs FLoccuLosus. (Diz)
veinlet from the top of the areole; sori scarcely sunk, small but
slightly elevated above the tomentum, very copious, arranged in
regular rows between the costules. Don. Frod. Fl. Nep. 1. N.
Getersibilis, Z7ook: Sp. fil. v: 49. Bedd. F. B. I ¢. 162. P: costa-
tum, Wall. Cat. 265, partly.
messed
= =
Con ene TN
—
b\
meas,
I
a eels Va —
nrc ne S
Himalayas, Gurwhal to Bhotan, up to 5,000 feet elevation,
Khasya, extending into the Sylhet plains.
to, NIPHOBOLUS GARDNERI. (Jef/en.) Rhizome short-creep-
ane FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
ing, the younger portions densely ferrugineous-paleaceous ; stipes
approximate, arising from a scaly branch of the caudex, 2-4 inches
long; fronds about a foot long, carnose-coriaceous lanceolate, ob-
ss tusely acuminate, gradually atten-
> 0
O
2.
clothed with a very compact firm
sub-furfuraceous mass of whitish
or ferruginous stellated tomentum,
costa and primary veins or cos-
tules slightly elevated beneath,
venation of Campyloneurum,
secondary transverse veins more
obscure, areoles about 7 between
the main costa and margin, éach including 2-4 veinlets, which are
generally simple with a clavate apex, rarely forked and rarely
anastomosing with adjoining veinlets; sori superficial (not sunk) in
3-4 series, parallel with the cos-
tules and 10-12 transverse series
between the costa and the margin.
Metten. Polypod. p. 129. Fook.
Sp. fil. v. 51... Badd se
EN2AT.
Ceylon, rocks and trees in
central and southern provinces up
to 3,000 feet ; South India, Ana-
mallay Hills, 5,000 feet elevation.
®
S
(e)
NIPHOBOLUS GARDNERI. (JZ?éz.)
11. NIPHOBOLUS PENANGI-
ANUS. (Hook.) Rhizome short-
creeping ; stipes scarcely any;
fronds submembranaceous, 14
: foot and more long, 23inches wide,
NIPHOBOLUS PENANGIANUS. (Hoo?.) oblanceolate finely acuminate, the
base much and gradually attenuated, sessile, the margin irregularly
sinuated, glabrous above (at least in maturity), beneath thinly
clothed with fuscous stellated hairs, venation’ internal, but manifest
uated upon the stipes, densely —
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 333
when viewed between the eye and the light, costules not elevated,
areoles 10-12 between the costa and the margin, including 2-4
simple or forked clavate soriferous veinlets; sori prominent (not
sunk), forming a broad mass in the disk of the upper half of the
frond, not reaching the margin; capsules mixed with long stipitate
peltate stellated scales. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 52. Hook. Ic. Fl. t. 203.
Gon, Fil. 83, Polycarpium, Fr. Bedd. F. B. I. 0. 121%. :
Penang, Tenasserim (Parish).
12. NIPHOBOLUS BoorTHIi.
(Hfook.) Rhizome short with lan-
ceolate-linear golden scales; stipes
8-16 inches long, and stout in pro-
portion, tawny brown, paleaceous, #%
with imbricating ferruginous lanceo-
late scales only at the very base;
frond carnose-coriaceous, 16-24
inches long, 3-4 inches wide, el-
liptic-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate,
moderately attenuated, glabrous, and
punctated above with minute black-
ish dots (probably corresponding
with the receptacles of the sori),
beneath covered with a dense vel-
vety mass of ferruginous stellated
tomentum ; primary costular veins
evident but not prominent, united by
transverse: arched veins, forming
many series of areoles, each with
few included veinlets, whichare much
branched or anastomosing; SOL NIPHOBOLUS MUMMULARLEFOLIUS.
small, partially sunk in the tomentum (Aleit. )
forming transverse lines between the costules and as many as there are
phealcs. +. /200k. Sp. Fil. v.53. Bedd. F.B. 1. ¢. 258.
Bhotan.
334 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
13. NIPHOBOLUS NUMMULARIAFOLIUS. (Sw. under Acrostichum).
Rhizome slender wide-creeping, filiform, clothed with bright ferru-
ginous lanceolate fibrillose scales ; fronds dimorphous, carnose-coria-
ceous, the barren ones roundish or elliptical, subsessile 3-1 inch each
way, the fertile ones longer and narrower, 14-2 inches long, 4-3
inch broad, upper surface naked, at least in age, lower densely
coated with loose ferruginous woolly tomentum ; veins forming areoles
- irregular in size and shape, empty or with one free veinlet, marginal
veinlets free ; sori close, scattered, sometimes covering the whole
surface. Sz. Syn. Fil. 191, 419 fo 2. Polyp. nummulariefolium.
Mett. Farngati Polyp. 122, ¢. 3. Flook. Sp. Fil. v. 54. Sya Palas
Bedd. F. B. I, t. 320. Galeoglossa, Pres?.
East Bengal, Bhotan, Assam, Khasya, Cachar, up to 2,500 feet
elevation. There is a variety from Khasya (obovatum, Mett.) with
the sterile fronds obovate on a ¢ inch petiole. This species is
abnormal in the genus, I do not think it is a Niphobolus at all, but
probably a Drymoglossum.
GENUS LXITL—DIPTERIS. (feznw.)
(Di, two; pleris, fern—the fan-like fronds in two parts.)
Fronds adherent to the caudex, flabellate in two halves which
are deeply lobed from their circumference in the direction of the
base, secondary veins forming many areoles, including free or netted
veinlets ; sori punctifurm, numerous, scattered small, or in a single
series.
1. Dipreris WaLuicHt. (47.) Rhizome stout, creeping,
clothed with appressed copious black hard subulate setaceous scales
wrinkled at the back; stipes 1-2 and more feet long, smooth and
polished, distant erect ; fronds coriaceous, 1-25 feet long and much
wider than long, dark-green above, whitish or ferruginous beneath,
flabelliform bipartite into two nearly equal broad-cuneate portions
which are palmately and dichotomously divided, ultimate segments
6-10 inches long, 13-2 inches wide, oblong acuminate; costz
from the summit of the stipes dichotomously branched through the:
N°O18 4.
'
— RS A eS SS CSP = REV FO REA
(Br.)
DIPTERIS WALLICHII.
336 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
disk of the frond, a single pair runs through each terminal segment
connivent at the apices; venation manifest prominent beneath, all
the coste are united by transverse flexuose costules, these by a lon-
gitudinal flexuose vein through the middle into two nearly equal
series of costular areoles, then again into lesser ones all subquadran-
gular; sori small, superficial copious, scattered in the areoles, but
generally in series more or less perfect and accompanied by a resinous
or gummy substance. #. Br.tn Hook. and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 168-9.
Hook. Sp. Fil. v.99.. Wall. Cat..n. 287. Bedd. LB aes
/} Khasya, up to 4,000 feet,’
Mi Borpani, 2,000 feet, and elsewhere,
Cachar, at Luckipoor, 250 feet
elevation, Jaintea, Sylhet station —
in the plains. |
2. DipreRis HORSFIELDIIL. °
(4r.) Stipe strong, 3-5 feet long ;
frond 1-3 feet long, and much
broader, the main lobes reaching
three-quarters of the way down,
the edges sharply toothed, texture
subcoriaceous, upper surface dark-
green, lower very glaucous, main |
\j veins very prominent, dichoto-
No las mously forked ; areoles copious ;
DIPTERIS HoRSFIELDI. (Br) * sorl very minute, scattered irreg-
ularly, especially plentiful near the
main veins, confluent, not gummy. &. Br. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. p. 99.
Bedd. F..B. I. t. 321. Polyp. conjugatum, Aaw7. (nor fae
Polyp. Dipteris (B/.), Hook. Syn. Fil. 362.
Malacca, Penang and Singapore.
(Also in the Malay and Pacific Islands.)
3. Dipreris Loppiana. (//ook.) Stipes 1 foot and more long;
fronds coriaceous, 8—12 inches long, flabelliform, glabrous, 3-4 times
ed apn oan
DRYNARIA
RCN E
SER RO
Se
& SA NK
SSREREE xt
sisttns
ATS
aero
ee,
WIS
SRG
SENG
RUSE:
a r ey
AA}
we
EAT
Ta
EEN
<<:
Mpx
¥* ‘s
as Ess
CEN
s. (Wall.)
Z
CORONA
23
338 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
digitately dichotomous, dark brownish-green above, pale and tawny
beneath,.segments 4-8 inches long, scarcely half an inch wide, linear-
sublanceolate, finely acuminated costate entire ; venation manifest,
the costules form a costal series of large soriferous areoles, the rest of
the veins unite, constituting lesser areoles and include free veinlets ;
sori 1-2 in each primary areole (sometimes confluent) in a single —
series very near the costa. Hook. Sp. Hil. v. 100. Hook. in Kew
Gard. Misc: v. p. 300, ¢. x1. Bedd. F. B. 1.23225 Polgpodianas
bifurcatum, Baker in Syn. Fil. p. 362.
Malacca, on Mount Ophir.
GENUS LXIV.—DRYNARIA. (Bory.)
(Dryads, the sterile fronds being like oak-leaves, a tree sacred to the
| Dryads.) :
Fronds articulate with the caudex, with either a separate sterile
frond like an oak leaf, or the base of the frond pinnatifid and oak-
leaf-like ; veins copiously anastomosing, forming quadrate or hex-
agonal areoles ; sori small, round or oval, numerous
1. DRYNARIA CORONANS. (Wall.) Rhizome thick, creeping,
branched and interwoven, villous-paleaceous with golden scales ;
fronds large uniform, when growing arranged in a circle, firm, coria-
ceous, but rather thin and translucent, two and more feet long, from
a broad sessile cordate, lobate-pinnatifid base (then suddenly con-
tracted), lanceolate, deeply almost to the rachis pinnatifid, segments
8-12 inches long, 3-1 inch and more wide, oblong-lanceoJate, acu-
minate, lower ones gradually shorter, entire, incrassated at the margin ;
venation very manifest, costules parallel extending to the margin,
these are connected by transverse veins forming 5—6 soriferous areoles
and then again generally two or three others which include free
veinlets; sori oval, often confluent longitudinally, solitary in the
primary areoles, forming an eccentric series always nearer one costule
than the opposite one. Wall. Cat. n. 288. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 94.
- grey, fibrillose, adpressed ;
oR ge eae ° ;
long, 2-5 inch broad; main
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 339
bed. & B. /. ¢. 13. WD. conjugata, Hook. Syn. Fil. 366 (not
Lam.)
Himalayas, Nepal to Bhotan, 1,000-4,000 feet elevation, rare,
Khasya, 1,000-3000 feet common, Chittagong Hills, 500 feet eleva-
tion; Tenasserim and Malay Peninsula. |
(Also in Hong Kong and Formosa.)
2. DRYNARIA SPLENDENS. (/Zook.) Rhizome woody, the scales
rz
QP al/ J)
TS tay
fronds subsessile, 2—3 feet long,
1 foot or more broad, the lower
part barren, cut down nearly
or quite to the rachis into
erect-patent entire acute lobes “9
4-8 inches long, 1-2 inches
broad, the upper fertile pinnze
distant, ligulate, 4-8 inches
veins distinct, with distinct
transverse veinletsand copious *~.\\\\\ | Ree
intermediate ones and free
veinlets ; sori oblong or sub-
quadrangular, filling up the
whole of the fertile pinnz ex-
cept the midrib. Hook. Sp.
Hee soo. Syn. fil, 3267. DRYNARIA SPLENDENS. (fo0%.)
meade. f. B./.t. 316. Dryostachyum, /.' Sm.
Singapore.
(Also in the Philippines.)
3. DRYNARIA PROPINQUA. (Wadl.) Rhizome stout, creeping,
the scales lanceolate-linear pubescent ; fronds glabrous dimorphous,
the barren ones 4~9 inches long, 3—4 inches broad, cut half or three-
- quarters down into bluntish or acute lobes, the fertile ones 13-3 feet
long, often 1 foot broad, with a distinct stem, the lobes 4—6 inches
long, 3-3 inch broad, reaching down nearly or quite to the rachis,
Rr lg
\
ie
ts
t
N
‘ m ~
2 i
) \, iy a5
/ XY t Ay 5 ts
tea TY x
\ é Vel { =
u OOS VV, \ e . 7 M
{ SAE \. ~ Ps
Te. X . Se Z
} AS \ } / J,
4 ' IX ‘ : » y
ALS ae 4
an ‘
D i Py ne Z.
\ Z
t Z t
| .
\
N
|| | CoSese Se
Se £5 s] SS
Ss
V ry x :
ct S 1
: ~ ~
Hy ey S
te eetiee z
~ 4 a at
hoe i Hl
s yy =~ S mS e,
He |) Ho :
X | 1) ee ~ “ “i
a
> .
Cusp Aes =
S . >
| AS .CATTELL & COENCRAS.
~_~
rR
&
~—
DRYNARIA PROPINQUA.
ee
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 341
obscurely serrated, texture subcoriaceous ; main veins of the fertile
fronds ramifying, not carried in distinct parallel lines to the margin,
areoles copious, the free veinlets few and variously directed ; sori in
a single row near the midrib, placed at the point of union of several
memlcts. Wall. Cat. 293. Hook. Syn. Fil. 367.- Bedd. Fo B. TI.
Z. 160. Pleopeltis Parishii, Bedd. F. B. I. ¢. 121:
Himalayas, from Gurwhal to Bhotan, 2,000—7,000 feet elevation,
Khasya, very common; Birma and Malay Peninsula.
(Also in Java.)
4. DRYNARIA MOLLIS. (Sedd.) Rhizome creeping, clothed
with subulate golden transparent ciliated scales; fronds firm-mem-
branaceous dimorphous ; sterile ones 4-6 inches long, sessile ovate
glabrous, deeply pinnatifid with the sinuses very narrow and the
segments sometimes overlapping each other, fertile fronds very
shortly stipitate (the dwarfed lower segments often extending nearly
to the base of the rachis), ovate-lanceolate up to 13 feet long, 2-4
inches broad, furnished with soft hairs on both sides and ciliated,
deeply almost to the rachis pinnatifid, segments lanceolate 1-2 inches
long, 3-5 Inch broad, nearly horizontal, rather distant, the sinus being
very broad, the lower ones dwarfed and gradually reduced to a de-
current wing; venation very prominent in the sterile fronds, but
much less so in the fertile ones than in D. propinqua; veins form-
ing three or four series of rather regular areoles in which are some-
times included free veinlets ; sori forming only a single series close
to the costa, each sorus being on the vein between the first and
second areole. Bedd. &. B. J. ¢. 216. Polyp. (Drynaria) rivale, Aeét.
an Fook. Syn. Fil. p. 367, a later name.
Himalayas, Nynee Tal, Gurwhal, Kumaon, 6,000-9,000 feet
elevation.
5. DRYNARIA QUERCIFOLIA. (Z.) Rhizome creeping, short,
stout, densely clothed with red-brown satiny lanceolate-subulate soft
scales, which have a cordate base, and are 4-3 inch long; fronds
coriaceous or subcoriaceous of two kinds, sterile ones varying in
aAAa eS
ae:
See
kgs
iy
fx Ss
cuore:
RS
DRYNARIA MOLLIS. (Bedd.)
o
FEKNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 343
size from 3-12 inches and more long, and 7-8 inches wide, green
when very young, but soon turning dark-brown, glossy, cordate-ovate
variously lobate-pinnatifid, sometimes half-way downto the costa; fertile
ones 2-3 feet long, long-petiolate broad-ovate deeply nearly to the rachis
pinnatifid, segments 5—9 inches long, 1-13 inch wide, oblong acuminate,
entire ; venation manifest, costules distinct rather distant, united by
transverse veins forming 4—6 primary soriferous areoles filled up witha
net-work of small quadrangular areoles with or without free veins; sori
compital small, numerous, two in each primary areole, consequently in
two series between and parallel OND
with the costules. Polypodium
quercifolium, Lz. Sp. Pl. p. 15.47.
wi00n, SP. Fil. v. p..96. Bedd.
fers, 7..7.°187. &»
Throughout the Indianregion 32».
in the plains, or very low down on
the mountains, on trees or rocks.
6. DRYNARIA LinN#&zI1. (Bory )
Rhizome stout, the scales 1-2
lines long from a peltate base,
broadly ovate obtuse, with a de-
ciduous acumen; fronds dimor-
phous the barren ones sessile,
brown rigid, bluntly lobed, the
fertile ones long-stalked 2-3 feet
long, 6-12 inches broad, cut
down nearly to the rachis, into entire erect-patent lanceolate lobes,
texture rigid, both sides naked ; main veins distinct to the edge with
copious irregular areoles between them, with copious small scattered
sori. Lory. Ann. Sc. Nat.i. v. ~. 464,¢%.12. Hook. Syn. Fil. 368.
mead. Fo BL. 3215.
Ceylon; Malay Peninsula. Very like quercifolia, but the scales
on the rhizome are quite different and the sori smaller and more
scattered, it may be only a variety and is united with it by Bentham.
DYRNARIA QUERCIFOLIA. (L7z7.)
344 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
I have seen no specimen from South India, but without critical
examination it might be passed by in the field or in the herbarium
as quercifolia.
!
7. DRYNARIA RIGIDULA. (Sw.) Rhizome stout creeping, the
the scales fibrillose dark-brown,
fronds dimorphous, the barren
ones sessile, 6-9 inches long,
rarely more, 3-4 inches broad,
ey cut down 4-3 towards the
quite pinnate at the apex, the
fertile 2-4 feet long; 12-14
inches broad, long-stalked pin-
nate, pinng one inch or more
apart, narrowed or stalked at
the base, 6-12 inches long,
4-2 Inch broad, the point acu-
minate, the edge more or less
deeply incised, crenate, tex-
ture rather coriaceous ; rachis
and both surfaces naked,
DRYNARIA RIGIDULA. (Sw) main veins not distinct to the
edge, areoles copious, free veinlets few; sori immersed in a single
row half-way between the edge and midrib. Siw. Syn. Fil. 230.
Fook. Syn. Fil. 368. Drynaria diversifolia (R. Br.), Hook. Sp. Fil.
vage. Bead. ff. Se 77. 3A.
Malacca. |
(Also in tropical Australia, Malay Islands, the tropical Pacific
Islands.)
GENUS LXV.—PLEOPELTIS. (@ & B.)
(Pleos, full; eltis, shield—the sori often furaished with round scales.)
Veins copiously anastomosing, forming copious irregular areoles,
with generally free included veinlets spreading in various directions,
rachis into blunt lobes, or rarely —
—
Pe
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. — 345
the sori various in position, generally on the back of united veinlets ;
fronds simple, pinnatifid or pinnate, articulate with the caudex.
In the Syxopsis Filicum Phymatodes is the name adopted for this
genus (or subgenus only in that work); this name, however, is of
much later date than Pleopeltis, having been instituted by Presl.
in 1836, Pleopeltis by Humboldt and Bonpland in 1810. Some
authors split the genus up into many genera.
* Fronds simple (also 3-5 lobed in pteropus.)
A. Main veins not distinct to the edge.
1. PLEOPELTIS ACCEDENS. (JSV/.) Rhizome wide-creeping,
slender filiform, scarcely paleaceous, attached to the bark of trees by
Cupious woolly radic'es, stipes scattered 2-5 lines long ; fronds sub-
coriaceous, opaque, glabrous entire, sterile ones 1-14 inch long, oblong
ovate obtuse, fertile ones 2-33 inches long, from a broad cuneate
base, long-acuminate ; venation obscure, costules indistinct, veins
forming three large areoles (in each of which is one large forked
veinlet) and a smaller marginal areole; sori large for the size of the
plant on the acuminated portion in a single series on each side of
Hoewcosia. 62. Ln. Pl. Jav. p. 121. Hook. Sp. Fil, v. 66. Bedd.
ee ae ee
Malacca. .
(Also in the Philippines, the Malay Islands, Polynesia.)
2, PLEOPELTIS ROSTRATA. (fook.) Rhizome very slender,
wide-creeping, furnished with lanceolate-linear scales, stipes distant
4-2 inches long, naked; fronds lanceolate-acuminate, somewhat di-
morphic, the barren often being broader, coriaceous glabrous, the
margin entire ; veins immersed, main veins indistinct, areoles irreg-
ular, including simple or forked free veinlets ; sori in a single row on
each side close to the midrib. Hook. Syn. Fil. 353. Bedd. F. B. I.
Z. 159.
Sikkim and Bhotan, 6,000 feet elevation, abundant ; Khasya
4,000—5,000 feet elevation.
346 ©» FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND Caving
——
3. PLEOPELTIS LINEARIS. (Zhunb.) Rhizome wide-creeping,
woody, the scales lanceolate dull-brown, never with hairs, stipes from |
a few lines to 2 inches long, rarely with any scales ; fronds 6-12 inches
long, rarely more, $—? inch broad, entire, narrowed gradually at both ~
ends, texture coriaceous, both sides naked or nearly so; areoles
PLEOPELTIS ROSTRATA. (L/o00k.)
irregular with forked free veinlets; sori superficial or scarcely 1m-
mersed, never sunk in a cyst, large prominent, forming a single row
half-way between the costa and margin, when young covered with
copious thin peltate scales. Zhunb. Fl. Jap. 335. Hook. Syn. Fil.
354. Polyp. loriforme, Wall. Cat. 271, 2nd sheet (typi ie
Wightianum, Wall. Cat. 2222, acutissimum, 4727, gladiatum, 279.
ee
ET ee a ee ee eS ee
. oe a
< hed
form of linearis with the fronds pin-
up to 2 feet long by 1-2 inches
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 347,
Pleopeltis nuda, Hook. Exot. Fl. ¢. 63.° P. Wightianum, Bedd.
mS. 7. 180. (P. loriforme, Wall. Cat. 271, type-sheet,. belongs
here, I believe, and not to simplex, it has larger fronds, but they are
narrow and coriaceous and the veins hidden.)
Himalayas, 1,000-10,000 feet elevation, very common, |
Khasya ; throughout South India; Ceylon; Malay Peninsula.
(Also in the Malay Islands, China, Japan, Central and South
Africa and its Islands.)
VAR. STENISTE. (Clarke.) With the fronds only 1-1% lines
broad and the sori projecting beyond (PR.
»
Ca
co)
6 A We SAN
the margin, but always superficial, el y Xe
° ° ° ° Be | ~ } \a\2
is only a form of linearis, and it | B Re a
Ke ! 6i-) \\
| 3/® \
quite graduates into the type, his | 8) \i
i
var. “ polymorpha ” is an abnormal ~~
ee
re)
_@ © ~? ® a,
a Mes
—— Ye
SPSS
ee
natifid (such as occurs in many . : |
other ferns. ) ~
4. PLEOPELTIS SIMPLEX. (Sv) \
Very like linearis, only the fronds are bees
of thinner texture and much larger, Mg?
broad, the veins more distinct,
the sori always more or less deeply
sunk and forming pustules on the N°194.
Mopper side of the fronds, sometimes PIEOPELTIS LINEARIS.
quite sunk in a cyst with visible margins, but never nearly so promi-
nent as in stenophylla, which also differs in its smaller size, much
more rigid texture and fewer veins. Sw. Syn. fil. 27. Polyp.
(Lh 2020.)
~ excavatum (Lory.), Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 158. P. Grevilleanum, Wad.
Gg75100.-P. sesquipedale, Wall. Cat. 275. P. lineare, var. 6
simplex, Hook, Syn. Fil. 354.
Himalayas, confounded by Aooker (in his Sp. “i7.) and by
Clarke with linearis, but kept distinct by all other botanists, and
348 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
made a distinct variety of linearis by Mr. Baker in the Syz. /7/., but
Mr. Baker now agrees that it should be made a distinct species ;
the scales of the rhizome differ from those of “ normalis,” but the
fronds are almost exactly similar to that species, and I had previously
confounded it with that (not with linearis.)
5. PLEOPELTIS CLATHRATA. (Clarke.) Rhizome short creep-
ing, with ovate acute, often hair-pointed scales; fronds small, stipe
often as long as the frond ; sori mixed with sessile irregularly peltate
and lacerate clathrate scales. Clarke, F. NV. I. p. 559, ¢. 82, fig. 1.
Kashmir, Pir Pinjul, 11,000-12,000 feet elevation.
(Also in Afghanistan.) |
Mr. Clarke thinks it may be high level form of linearis, but that
the scales are peculiar, the texture thinner, the venation conse-
quently more conspicuous, and the stipe longer.
6. PLEOPELTIS STENOPHYLLA. (JS/.) Rhizome creeping, palea-
ceous, with glossy subulate pale imbricated ferruginous scales, stipes
1~—2 inches long, distant ; fronds firm-coriaceous, very rigid, glabrous
polished, 4-9 inches long, 3—} inch, or rarely more wide, linear-
oblong obtuse, the margin thickened and subreflexed, broadly crenate-
sinuate, rarely narrowing upwards, but much and gradually attenuated
below on the stipes; costa prominent beneath, costules none, veins
anastomosing so as to form oblong, hexagonal oblique areoles, gene-
rally quite em ty or with rarely a free included veinlet ; sori rather
distant oval, arranged in a series close to the margin, deeply sunk in
a cyst, forming elevated pustules on the upper side one to each
crenature, the margin of the cavity elevated. 6/. Fil. Jav. p. 135, t
55,7 1. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 65." Alett.. Polyp. 200, tae eee
venation. . bedd. FB. 1. 234.
Mr. Clarke states that this comes between “linearis” type and
his variety “steniste,” but both these ferns have different venation,
and neither have the sori sunk in cysts; this has the sori always much
nearer the margin than the midrib even in the broader forms.
Malacca.
(Also in the Philippines. )
eS se ee ee re eee Oe
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 349
7. PLEOPELTIS stNUosA. (JVall.) Rhizome much branched,
long-creeping or scandent on trees, sparingly radiculose, half an inch
to two inches thick, almost woody when dry, carnose when recent,
studded, as it were, with large conical processes upon which the stipes
are or have been articulated, and which appear to increase much in
size after the fronds have fallen, the whole densely covered (as it
were tessellated) with nearly orbicular appressed whitish peltate
scales with a dark spot in the centre, EIDE s t—2 inches long, glabrous
and scaleless ; fronds sub-dimor-
phous, subcoriaceous glabrous,
sterile ones 3-6-7 inches long,
31 inch broad, subelliptical, ob-
long obtuse entire, fertile ones
longer, sometimes 1 foot — 16
inches long, $-? of an inch wide,
linear-oblong obtuse, the margins
more or less sinuated, the base
in both attenuate-decurrent ; ve-
nation copiously anastomosing,
forming large very irregular areoles
filled with lesser ones (formed by
more slender veins), and these
include branched or simple vein-
lets which occasionally again
anastomose ; sori remote, large,
oblong, immersed in cysts, which
form pustules on the upper side
arranged in a single series nearer the margin than the costa. [Vad
ew, 2230... Hook. Sp. fil. v.61. Ledd. F. B.S. ¢..8.
Malacca.
(Also in the Solomon Islands, Amboyna and New Hebrides.)
>
PLEOPELTIS SINUOSA. (lVa//.)
8. PLEOPELTIS LONGIFOLIA. (JZe¢fen.) Rhizome horizontal,
creeping, thick aus nOse stipes approximate, 2-3 inches long ;
fronds 1-2-3 feet long, $-13 inch wide, thick, carnose-coriaceous,
350 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
glabrous, linear-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, gradually long atten-
uated below on the stipes, entire, the margins subrevolute, venation
internal, very indistinct, costules veniform, united by transverse veins
into rather large areoles then
/ into irregular lesser ones, which
include frée veinlets ; sori com-
pital oblong, forming a line or
close placed, sunk in cysts,
and forming a corresponding
elevated line on the upper sur-
face, capsules mixed with long-
stipitate scales. Metten. Polyp.
p. 87. Look. Sp. Til. vaee
Bidd. Ff. Bi Lt eee
tiguum, Wall. Cat. 285.
Birma and the Malay
Peninsula generally, Mergui,
Singapore, &c. ; North India,
Cumaon.
-(Also in the Philippines
and Malay Islands.)
9. PLEOPELTIS SUPERFI-
ciatis. (82) Rhizome wide-
creeping, thick as a crow-quill,
the scales ovate and lanceolate
acute, spreading, brown shining,
stipes up to six inches long,
often curved, sometimes with
ovate scales; fronds lanceo-
NO196. late-linear (often forked at the
PLEOPELTIS LONGIFOLIA. (J/eit.) apex), subcoriaceous, narrowed
‘gradually at both ends, the margins entire, 6-12 inches long, by 2-2
inches broad, glabrous; areoles numerous with free veinlets ; sori
series near the margin rather
ET ht 8 a ee a
ee eae a ae SY en
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 351
2
copious scattered irregularly, compital, large or small. Polypodium
superficiale, B/. An. Pl. Jav. Fil. 123. Hook. Syn. Fil. 355. Bedd.
wen. 1.7.75.
. Khasya Hills, 4,000-6,000 feet elevation, extending to the
Naga country to the east, and to Bhotan and Mishmee ; Malay
Peninsula.
(Also in South China.)
to. PLEOPELTIS LANCEOLATA. (Z.) Rhizome _long-creeping,
paleaceous, with lanceolate ferruginous scales, stipes remote, 1-2-4
inches long; fronds coriaceous, 3-9 inches long, 7-% inch wide,
lanceolate, more or less acuminate, long and gradually attenuated at
the base, copiously furnished with orbicular ovate, small appressed
peltate scales dark in the centre, pale in the circumference and den-
ticulate; veins immersed indistinct, the primary veins form large
obliquely elongated areoles, which include very irregular and different
sized areoles, and a few free veinlets which are rarely forked; sori
generally very large and often exceedingly prominent, pulvinate glo-
bose or oval, stalked scales mixed with the spore cases. Polyp. lan-
eeolatam, 22777. Sp. P/.- 1082. P. lepidota, Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 56.
Worms Schlecht Adunbr., ~p. 17. Bedd. BF. S. Lf. ¢. 181. P.
angustata var. depauperata, Clarke, F. WN. I. p. 559.
Nilgiris and higher mountains on the West side of the Madras
Presidency ; Assam (one poor specimen in Kew Herbarium); Cey-
lon, Ambawalla estate.
(Also in Tropical America and the West Indies, South Africa
and its islands; St. Helena ; Sandwich Islands.)
11. PLEOPELTIS ANGUSTATA. (Sz.) Rhizome’ long-creeping,
branched, paleaceous with falcate subulate-setaceous scales, stipes
remote, 13-4 Inches long; fronds 5 inches to a span or more long
3_» inches wide, tapering below into a petiole, glabrous above, clothed
beneath with cottony tomentum which is deciduous, coriaceous,
oblong-lanceolate; venation sunk obscure, costular areoles with
free or branched and more or less connected veinlets ; sori very
large, subglobose oval, partially sunk in the frond, very convex,
Ls
eee ~ Fi
oR 3 bs ae ed a se
A.S.CATTELL &GIENGS.
(Z.)
PLEOPELTIS LANCEOLATA,
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON, 353
forming a single series on each side between the costa and margin,
generally towards the apex only, sometimes longitudinally confluent.
Sw. Syn. Fil. pp. 27 and 224. Niphobolus angustatus, Hook. Sp.
Beey 4s. Bead. FS. f. ¢t. 185. Niphopsis, 7. Sm. .Pleopeltis
macrosora, Pres?. Polypodium spherocephalum, Wad/. Cat. n. 272.
Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Malacca, and Penang. South
India (?) I have never detected it, though I have a specimen said to
have been collected on the Nilgiris, and Hooker gives Tranquebar as |
a locality.
(Also in the Malay Islands and North-east Australia.)
12, PLEOPELTIS NORMALIS. (Doz.) Rhizome scandent, thick
as a crowquill, with ovate or lanceolate almost hair- pointed adpressed
scales, which carry erect from their backs tufts of linear stiff black-red
bristles; fronds narrowed much at the base, sometimes to the very
foot of the stipe, usually broadest near the middle, 1-2 feet long, by
1—2 inches broad, submembranaceous glabrous, a few scattered ovate
close-adpressed scales often present on the stipes and near the base
of the main rachis beneath; venation as in linearis, main veins very
indistinct and areoles with free included veinlets ; sori large, super-
ficial or a little immersed, often in several rows, or irregularly in one
row, or rarely regular in one row. Don. Prod. Hl. Nep. 1. Clarke,
Beers. Siook. Syn. Lil. 358, in part. Bedd. F. B. I*?, io,
P. longifrons, Wol/. Cat. 274.
Himalayas, Nepal to Bhotan, 4,000-8,0o00 feet elevation,
Khasya, 3,000-5,000 feet; Tenasserim on Mooleyit 5,000 feet
elevation.
B. Main veins distinct to the edge, or nearly to the edge.
13. PLEOPELTIS RHYNCOPHYLLA, (/Zook.) Rhizome creeping,
slender, paleaceous, subsquarrose with subulate ferruginous scales,
stipes scattered, slender, 1-2 inches long of the sterile frond, 2-4 of
the fertile one ; fronds firm, subcoriaceous, glossy, slightly thickened,
remotely crenate, sterile ones 1-2 inches long, elliptical, or subovate,
obtuse, fertile ones 3-6 inches long, lanceolate from near the base,
24
354 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
gradually and long-acuminated, below attenuated ; venation distinct,
slightly prominent, the costules connected by transverse veins
forming areoles which enclose free veinlets, which latter sometimes
unite with opposite veins; the sori
mostly confined to the narrow acumi-
nated apex, and when mature very
large in a single series on each side of
the costa. ook. Sp. Fil. v. 65. Hook.
Lc. Plant. 655 (ort. 55 of Cent. of Ferns.)
Bedd. F. B. I. ¢. 9. :
Khasya, 4,000-5,500 feet eleva-
tion; Tenasserim on Mooleyit, 5,000
feet elevation. 3 |
14. PLEOPELTIS GRIFFITHIANA.
(Hook.) Rhizome wide-creeping, as
thick as a crowquill, the scales dense,
lanceolate-subulate, brown, spreading ;
stipes 3-6 inches long, firm, erect ;
fronds 6-8 inches long, up to 24 inches
broad, coriaceous, lanceolate or ovate-
lanceolate, the apex acute, the margin
more or less repand, the base rounded
or suddenly narrowed ; main veins very
distinct to the edge, areoles fine, hidden
lets ; sori large, one between each main
vein in a single row close to the costa,
often extending more than half-way to
the base of the frond. Hook. Syn. Fil.
PLEOPELTIS RHYNcoPHYLLA, 2: 359- Bedd. &. B. L. ¢. 158.
(Hook.) Sikkim and Bhotan, 6,000-9,000
feet elevation. Khasya, 4,000-5,000 feet.
15, PLEOPELTIS OvaTA. (JVall.) Rhizome wide-creeping,
with copious free simple or forked vein- |
~ FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 355
‘thick as a crowquill, scales lanceolate-linear, brown spreading ; stipes
4-8 inches long, firm, erect, slightly scaly below ; fronds 6-12 inches
long, up to 3 inches broad, ovate-lanceolate, the apex acute, the
margin entire, the base narrowed suddenly, texture herbaceous, both
sides glabrous ; main veins distinct to nearly the edge, with copious
areoles including free forked veinlets ; sori large irregularly scattered
near the costa. Polypodium ovatum, Wal/. Cat. 276. Hook. Syn.
mee nq, edd f. B. J. ¢. 157.
Sikkim, Chundaghir, Bhotan,
Khasya, 4,000 feet elevation, at
Bishop’s Falls, Shillong, rare.
oe
i
ae
i es)
16. PLEOPELTIS MEMBRANACEA.
(Don.) Rhizome short-creeping,
stout, the younger portion palea-
ceous, with blackish-green ovate
acuminate scales ; stipes distant or
subaggregated, 1-5 inches long, if
longer winged above with the de-
current base of the frond; fronds
6 inches to 2-3 feet long, by less
than an inch to 6 inches broad,
thin membranaceous and translu-
cent, lanceolate or oblong-lanceo-
late, or oblanceolate, acuminate,
the base long attenuated and much :
gradually decurrent upon the stipes, PLEOPELTIS GRIFFITHIANA. (LZo0k.)
glabrous, the margin entire (or rarely more or less deeply sinuate-
lobate or pinnatifid, and even fimbriated throughout the whole
length with long narrow unequal segments) ; venation very distinct,
main veins horizontal or nearly so, slender, usually remote, connected
by transverse veins which form the primary areoles, and these are
filled up with irregular net-work, of which the areoles are very unequal
and include copious free veinlets ; sori compital, rather small, usually
in two series between the costules, more or less numerous according
ay
ST)
2a
gs
i,
&
E |
#
STOR
GO: Seance
NS :
\
Seo
3 es
eee, cay r% =) oie
i
SSty
oe,
a
SS.CATTELLECPENES.
|
(Wall.)
PLEOPELTIS OVATA.
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 359
to the width of the frond, rarely reduced to one sorus near the costa,
_ where a single series parallel with the costa is formed, not unfre-
quently there are 3-4-5 series (not very regular) between the costa,
(in one instance a single series only appears between the costules, and
those of a very large size and abnormal in form, often oval or oblong
and lying parallel with the costules). Don. Prod. Fl. Nep. p. 2:
flooker Sp. Fil. v.70. Polyp. grandifolium, Wall. Cat. n. 282.
Peeececrocarpum, L/. (il. Jav. p. 167, 7.75. Bedd. F. S. 1. t. 177.
Himalayas, from Gurwhal and Bhotan, 3,000-8,000 feet eleva-
tion, Khasya, 2,000~-5,000 feet, Chota Nagpore, Parasnath ;
South India, mountainous tracts on both sides of the Presidency,
2,000-5,000 feet elevation; fronds varying from 3 inch to 5 inches in
breadth ; Ceylon. It only appears with the rainy season and dies
down in November.
17. PLEOPELTIS ZIPPELLII. (/.) Rhizome slender, creeping
shortly, scales lanceolate acute; fronds lanceolate, often quite
caudate at the apex, narrowed gradually at the base into a short stipe
(or more rarely there is a stipe about 2 inches long), subcoriaceous,
margin entire or a little undulate, lower part of the rachis beneath
sometimes with a few scales ; primary veins prominent and near the
margin, areoles copious, with free included simple of forked veinlets ;
sorl compital in two rows between the primary veins and in about
four rows between the costa and margin. B/. Pl. Jav. Fil. 172, ¢. 80.
Flook. Sp. Fil. v. 72. Pleopeltis heterocarpa, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 360,
(not Bl.) Bedd. F. B. I. 319, (venation not correct, as not showing
the free veinlets.)
Himalayas, Dalhousie (Dyas), Sikkim and Bhotan, 2,000-
6,000 feet elevation, Khasya, 2,000-4,000 feet elevation, (not in
Ceylon as stated by Clarke).
(Also in Java and Philippines.)
18. PLEOPELTIS PUNCTATA. (Linn. under Acrostichum.) Rhizome
scarcely creeping, stout, clothed with brownish ovate or lanceolate
scales; fronds 1-3 feet long, :—3 inches broad, lanceolate, subsessile,
358 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. ,
gradually narrowed at the base, acute or blunt at the apex, carnose-
coriaceous, very glabrous; venation immersed (visible in a dried state),
main veins fine but distinct to the margin, areoles copious, including
smaller areoles, in which are free simple or forked veinlets, with
clavate apices ; sori compital, very small and scattered very irregularly,
generally only on the upper half of the frond. Zzun. Sp. Pl. 1524.
Sw. in Schr. Jour. 1800, i. 21. Pleopeltis irioides, Hook. Syn. Fil.
360. Bedd. FS. 7.t178. Wall. Cat. 281;-glabrumiteq@ ere:
polycephalum. |
‘ South India, Western mountains up
to about 3,000 feet elevation; Ceylon;
North India, in the Bengal plains, and
up to 3,000 feet elevation; Malay
Peninsula. ;
(Also in China, Malay Islands, North
Australia, Polynesia, Southern and Central
Africa and the islands.
19. PLEOPELTIS MUS#FOLIA. (62).
In every way like punctata, so that the
same description will do for both, except
that the texture in this is, like that of ni-
grescens and hemionitidea, thin and
papery, with the veins very prominent,
N°20I. whilst punctata has fleshy leaves, in tex-
PLEOPELTIS PUNCTATA. ture like ‘Thamnopteris) Nadusig 2s, ee =
(27) Jav. p. 171, 4. 79. Hook. Syn. Fil. 36
op: AUANTO. vok. Syn. Fil. 360.
LLL RR SBI eye
Malacca.
(Also in the Malay Islands.)
20, PLEOPELTIS HEMIONITIDEA. (Wal/.) Rhizome creeping,
scaly, furnished with wiry scaly fibrous roots; stipes scaly, winged
upwards ; fronds 6 inches to 14 foot long, 1-2 inches broad, mem-
branaceous subchartaceous, subtransparent very dark shining green,
broad lanceolate, gradually acuminated into a fine point at the apex
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 359
and gradually attenuated at the Ease, being winged nearly all down
the stipe, entire glabrous, costa slightly scaly beneath near the base ;
venation very prominent, main veins blackish, pinnate nearly hori-
zontal, areoles in about five series, subquadrate, in which are free
veinlets which are either simple or forked, but without clavate apices ;:
sori compital, rather large, forming one series between the main veins
very irregular in shape and size, subglobose or oblong, or even (by
confluence) linear. Wall. Cat. p. 284. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 73.
wiedd. ff B. /. t. 182.
South India, on the Western
h
mountains, rather common in Coorg, i
3,000 feet elevation, rare elsewhere. f DY
: BY A a
Himalayas, Nepal, Bhotan, 2,000— NA fe
. is sf S oF ~
7,000 feet elevation, Khasya, 1,000 KA KE.
: a AON Es) nee
-5,000 feet elevation, Chittagong, k-4>4 RS Peg a\ ss
INCA REE SS
1,000 feet elevation. = DN SSS 25 .
; 3 Ro SSE OE
(Also in South China and Ma- =2 ed A
ir ste aoe WHS
lay Island OARS OY
ay Islands. : CARS A
AS
AWW
ie
NJ
3
Ln)
———
SNe
palin S
21. PLEOPELTIS PTEROPUS. = SN
i Sg
; ORES
(47.) Aquatic, rhizome creeping, =o
branched, the young apices only Ag
paleaceous, with blackish lanceolate- = Oe )
. y sy
subulate scales ; stipes more or less (¥> EA
apart, 1-3-4 inches to 1 foot long,
winged upwards, and as well as the
back of the costa and costules fur- =."
: se N°202.
furaceous-squamose ; fronds 2-3-9 “
: ey ’ : PLEOPELTIS HEMIONITIDEA, (Wa//.)
inches long, #-13 and 2 inches wide,
firm membranaceous, very dark dirty green (when dry often black),
lanceolate acuminate entire, or 3-lobate, or 3-partite, or 5-lobed,
terminal lobes up to 8 inches long, lateral ones 3-5 inches, below
long-tapering into a gradually decurrent wing upon the petiole,
glabrous above, margin entire; venation very conspicuous, main
' veins prominent beneath, rather wide apart, extending about two-
thirds of the way to the margin, then uniting and forming large costal
PLEOPELTIS PTEROPUS. (4/.) |
e
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 361
areoles, within which the sori have their origin, a second series of
smaller areoles is formed nearer the margin, and these and the rest
of the frond are filled up with a net-work of smaller irregular areoles,
‘including free simple or forked veinlets which have clavate apices ;
sori small not very numerous, 1-3 in each large areole, compital
upon the secondary veins
of the primary areole, often
confluent into transverse,
oblong or linear (grammi-
toid) sori. Bl. Fl. Jav. Fil.
168, 7. 76. Polypodium tri-
dactylon, Wall. Cat. n. 315.
flook. Sp. Fil. v.75. Hook.
peru. Wc. Fil. ¢. 209,
Bedd. F. B. I. t. 11.
North India, Sikkim
and Bhotan, 1,000-4,000
feet elevation ; Khasya from
no elevation up to 4,000
feet, in the plains at Mymen-
singh, Chittagong, plains
up to 1,000 feet; Malay
Peninsula.
(Also in the Philip-
pines and South China.)
VAR. MINOR. Fronds
always small and simple
3-4 inches long, by 3-2
inch broad, never lobed.
wed. I S.7.t. 179.
South India, Anamallays and Bolampatty Valley, 3,000-4,000
feet elevation, in rivers on rocks under water, fructifying when the
water subsides after the rainy season; Ceylon. This may not be
entitled to rank as a permanent variety, as Mr. Clarke says the North
PLEOPELTIS PTEROPUS. VAR. MINOR.
(BL)
362 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
Indian plant is small and simple at the higher elevations; but I never
saw 3-lobed examples in South India or Ceylon, or fronds more than
about 4 inches long.
VAR. ZOSTERZFORMIS. (Wall. Cat. 280.) Fronds very narrow
and ribbon-like, 4-7 inches long, by 1-3 lines broad. Hook. Syn.
fil. 357. Bedd. F. B. J. t. 123. Baker is wrong in saying there are
no free veinlets ; it differs from the last in no way except in the nar-
rowness of the fronds, and it is certainly only a local variety.
Tenasserim, beds of rivers at the foot of Mooleyit.
** Fyonds deeply pinnatifid.
(Thunb.) Rhizome creeping, stout,
paleaceous with dense subulate or
hair-pointed falcate ferruginous
scales; stipes 2-5 inches long ;
fronds coriaceous, 2-12 inches and
more long, deltoid-ovate acuminate,
trifid or deeply pinnatifid to within
half an inch of the rachis, with 5-11
segments, which are 3-6 inches
long, } to 1 inch wide, very patent
from a broad base oblong-lanceolate,
very finely acuminated entire or
repand or denticulate, thickened
at the margin, the lowest ones
cuneate-decurrent, terminal segment
often the longest and most narrowly
acuminated ; venation conspicuous, main veins often prominent
beneath, distant, united by transverse veins forming 3-4 series of
primary areoles, which are filled up by lesser ones including free
veinlets ; sori large not sunk, arranged in a single series nearer the
costa than the margin. Zhunb. Hl. Jap. 335. Polypodium oxylobum,
Wall. Cat. 294. Bedd. F. S. f. t..175.. Pleopeltis trifida, Doz.
PLEOPELTIS HASTATA. (Z/uz20.)
22. PLEOPELTIS | fiAsa Agnes
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 363
Frod. FH. Nep.3. Hook, Syn. Fil. 363. Pleopeltis malacodon, Bedd.
Lf. Sup. t. 387.
Young rhizomes often produce only very small fronds, which are
simple or trilobate only; (var. Thunbergii, Clarke). This fern
can at once be known from malacodon by the base of the lowest
pair of pinne (7.e., base of the frond) being always a little decurrent
on the apex of the stipe, (not scooped out and subcordate) and in
being subentire or only a little denticulate instead of acutely serru-
late ; Mr. Clarke, however, is wrong in saying that it is always quite
entire, my specimens (looked at under a lens) are always more or
less toothed.
Throughout the Indian region on the mountains; in South
India between 5,000-8,600 feet elevation ; in the North 2,000 to
10,000 feet.
23. PLEOPELTIS MALACODON. (fZook.) In all respects like
hastata, only that the base of the frond is scooped out and subcordate
(instead of being a little decurrent), and the margins are acutely
serrulate, the teeth mucronate or spinescent. ook. Sp, Fil. v. 87.
Peeotewart, Clarke, 2. WV. J. p. 563, @ variety less serrated. Mr.
Baker and Mr. Clarke both protest against this being considered a
variety only of hastata, otherwise I should have so placed it, the
_ differences being those of a variety rather than of a species.
‘Himalayas, Nepal to Bhotan, 10,000-13,000 feet elevation.
Var. BMajus. (Hook. Sp. Lil. v. 88.) Base of the frond
cordate or sometimes decurrent ; pinnee (or rather segments) narrower
and longer, and much more erect (ze. pointing upwards) ; margins
less prominently serrated, scales of rhizome blacker. Pleopeltis
prevail, Bead. &, BJ. ¢.. 204, and Baker, Syn, Fal. 513 (not
Clarke). Pol. propinquum, var. Wad/. P. crytolobum, /. Swzz/,
maser iClarke, I, N-1. ft. 83.
Nepal to Bhotan, 9,o00-12,000 feet elevation (pendant from
trees). I think that Sir W. Hooker may be safely followed in con-
sidering this only a variety of malacodon.
. 24. PLEOPELTIS LBENIPES. (/Zook.) Rhizome stout creeping,
364 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
elongated and knotted with short frondiferous branches, everywhere
densely imbricated with intensely black polished ovate lanceolate
subcoriaceous concave scales, fuscous-pubescent at the margins, and
not hair-pointed; stipes 6-9 inches long, glabrous, glossy; fronds
6-18 inches long, 8-10 inches broad, cut down to a broadly winged
rachis into 6-20 pair of pinnz or segments, 3-1} inch broad, the
lowest pair generally deflexed, and either a little decurrent on the
stipe, or scooped out and subcordate at their bases, sometimes quite
patent as are the other pinne, all a little serrulate, finely acuminate,
ty
AM
\
which are generally puberu-
lous, and the main rachis
sometimes scaly beneath ; main
veins distinct to the margin,
areoles with copious free vein-
lets ; sori in a single row near
the midrib. Mook. Sp. Fil.
v. 88. edd. Bea ies
I cannot separate Clarke’s
variety “Oakes” from the
type; his variety “ Parishii” is
a Drynaria as far as the Moul-
mein plant is concerned ; Jer-
don’s Khasya specimen being
a single small sterile frond
without rhizome, which may be
EVEORE DIS WNeURV ALA) A) ebenipes or hastata. Ebenipes,
though closely allied to hastata, seems to be sufficiently distinct as a
species in its peculiar rhizome, the fronds both in it and in mala-
codon, var. majus, are sometimes cordate, sometimes decurrent at
the base ; in malacodon type (in very many specimens examined) they
are always cordate, and in hastata always decurrent.
Himalayas, from Ghurwal to Bhotan, 6,000—12,000 feet elevation.
25. PLEOPELTIS INCURVATA. (J/.) Rhizome creeping, palea-
c2ous, with adpressed scales ; stipes scattered, a span to a foot long
glabrous, except the rachises
.
|
i 4
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 365
of the sterile frond, 2 feet of the fertile, glossy brown ; fronds firm-
coriaceous glossy dimorphous, sterile ones 6-10 inches long, 8 inches
to 1 foot wide, hastate, tripartite, simply ovate or pinnatifid with
4-6 lateral lobes, lobes ovate-acuminate entire horizontal, terminal
one very large, all thickened at the margin; main veins distinct,
but immersed, other veins internal and very indistinct ; areoles with
free included simple or forked veinlets ; fertile fronds very long-
stipitate, ro inches to a foot long, nearly as much wide, very broad-
ovate deeply pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, below subpinnate, segments
5-15, 4-8 inches long, very
remote, linear and acuminate,
decurrent at the base; sori
large, copious, oval, sunk into
avery deep cavity which forms
a circular elevated truncated
tubercle on the opposite side,
occupying the space between
the costa and the margin in a
single series. Bl. Fil. Jav. p.
58,2. 65; ook. Sp. Lil. v.
ten cae, FB. J, 124.
Malacca.
(Also in the Malay
Islands.)
Sy
a
yzZ
S=6, a
AY PAY RRS
x =
=~
26. PLEOPELTIS INSIGNIS.
(B7.) Rhizome short-creep-
ing, paleaceous, with decidu- PLEOPELTIS INSIGNIS. (B/.)
ous ferruginous scales ; stipes
1-2 inches or more long (according to the length of the decurrent
wing of the frond); fronds subtriangular-ovate, membranaceous,
glabrous, 4-9 inches long (independent of the decurrent wing), and
nearly as much broad, subdeltoid, deeply pinnatifid, with 5-9 lance-
olate spreading acuminate segments ; the base of the fronds subcu-
neate and decurrently attenuated so that the stipes is winged for the
366 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
greater part or even the whole of its length ; venation distinct, main
veins slender, united by transverse veins, forming 3-4 series of areoles,
including free divaricating veinlets; sori very small, compital, gene- —
rally two on each transverse veinlet, but appearing to be irregularly
scattered. L/. Fil. Jav. p. 166,¢. 74. “Hook. Sp: Fl yeq ee ecu
Ne, IT AO THAN,
Malacca.
(Also in the Philippines and Java.)
27. PLEOPELTIS PHYMATODES. (Z.) Rhizome very wide-creep-
ing, woody, the scales dark brown fibrillose ; stipes 3-12 inches long,
firm, erect, glossy; fronds varying from simple oblong lanceolate
6 inches long, to deeply pinnatifid and 3 feet long, lobes numerous
entire, acuminate, lanceolate oblong, 4-8 inches long by 1-14 inch
broad, texture coriaceous, both sides glabrous ; no distinct main veins,
areoles fine with copious free veinlets ; sori large, more or less
immersed, 1-2 serial or scattered. Lzun. Mant. p. 360. Hook.
Syn. Fil. 364. Bedd. F. S. f, 173: Polyp: alternifolimmegg 72
Cat. 289, type sheet.
Ceylon ; Malabar and Travancore, cultivated only (?); Malay
Peninsula.
(Also throughout the tropics of the old world, the continent of
India excepted.)
28. PLEOPELTIS LONGISSIMA. (4/.) Rhizome wide-creeping ;
the scales ovate adpressed ; stipes 3—4 feet long, glossy straw-coloured ;
fronds 1-4 feet long, 6-12 inches broad, cut down very nearly to the
rachis (often leaving only the narrowest sign of a wing) into 3-20
erect-patent acuminate linear subentire segments or pinnz, which are
1_? inch broad, texture papery, both sides glabrous ; primary veins
not very distinct, areoles numerous, with free included simple or
forked veinlets, with slightly clavate apices; sori in close single rows
near the midrib, deeply sunk and forming papillae on the upper
surface. B/. Fn. Fl. Jav. fil. 127. Look. Syn. Fil. 366. Bega
Sup. 388. Wall. Cat. 289, 3rd sheet (alternifolium, var. poly-
phyllum). :
_(alternifolium).
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 367
Assam, Gowhatty, Sylhet, Furidpore (floating in jheels.)
(Also in the Philippines, Formosa, and Malay Islands.)
29. PLEOPELTIS NIGRESCENS. (A/.) Very like longissima, but
the wing to the rachis broader and the pinne broader (1-14 inches),
rather more crisp in texture and the veins more prominent ; it is
perhaps only a variety, but I have never seen longissima in a wild
eee. OY Hn. fil Jav. 127.
P. longissima, Ledd. F. S. L.
176. Wall. Cat. 289, 2nd sheet
South India, on rocks,
about the foot of the Western
mountains, (foot of Sispara
and Carcoor ghats), not ascend-
ing the mountains to any ele-
vation, and never growing in
meer Ceylon., An‘ exceed-
ingly handsome fern.
30. PLEOPELTIS DILATATA.
(Wall.) Rhizome stout creep-
ing, paleaceous with ovate
reticulated scales; stipes 14.
footand more long, but strongly
winged the whole length by PLEOPELTIS NIGRESCENS. (4/.)
the decurrent base of the frond; fronds ample 13-2 and 3 feet long,
a foot and more wide, membranaceous, light-green, glabrous, oblong-
ovate, pinnatifid to within $—1 inchof the rachis (less towards the base),
segments 6-11, 5—8 inches long (shorter towards the apex), 2-13 inch
wide, oblong-lanceolate acuminate, subentire, suddenly decurrent ;
main veins wavy, forming large primary areoles which extend two-
thirds of the way to the margin and include the sori, these and the rest
- of the segments are occupied by lesser irregular areoles including
many free veinlets, their branches moderately divaricating; sori nu-
merous, very small, often oval or more or less elongated, compital on
\
368 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. —
the secondary veins and veinlets.
Fil. ¥. 85; Bedd, LAB ante, Uae.
Wall. Cat. n. 295. £00k, Sp.
North India, from Nepal to Bhotan, 3,000-8,000 feet elevation,
Khasya, 2,000-6,000 feet; Ceylon, forests above Telgamma, 4,000
feet elevation ; Tenasserim and Malay Peninsula.
(Also in Samoa.)
**X Fronds pinnate.
31. PLEOPELTIS PALMATA.
: [GREE § He yee :
ess Gee: : 3. SS a = =a
© SSSA
ep gp
Ds :
NN d
~ N°209.
PLEOPELTIS DILATATA.
(Wall.)
(47.) Rhizome stout, the scales
large lanceolate; stipes
6-12 inches long, firm, erect,
glossy ; fronds 6—18 inches
long, 8-12 inches broad,
with a linear or linear-ob-
long entire or slightly
toothed or repand terminal
lobe, and 1-6 similar ones
on each side, which are
4-14 inch broad, _nar-
rowed or dilated, always
slightly adnate at the base,
long caudate at the apex,
those of the barren frondthe
broadest, texture subcori-
aceous, both sides glabrous;
main veins distinct to the
edge, areoles fine, hidden,
including free incurved clavate veinlets ; sori rather large in a
single row, midway between the costa and margin.
Fook. Syn. Ful, 368. Bedd. FB. TG A5G:
Pa G50, 2.104:
Bl. Fil. Jav.
Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Penang and Malacca.
(Also in the Malay Islands and Philippines.)
32. PLEOPELTIS JUGLANDIFOLIA. (Doz). Rhizome stout creep-
ing, with many spreading lanceolate subulate bright-ferruginous scales ;
stipes 1 foot or more long, firm, erect, glossy ; fronds 13-2 feet long,
1 foot or more broad ; pinnze 8-10 on a side in pairs, which are 1-2
We LLL:
an
Ss
SS ~
SEEN
( Doz.)
PLEOPELIIS JUGLANDIFOLIA.
a0
370 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
inches apart, not quite opposite, articulated with the rachis, 1-13 inch
broad, the apex caudate ; the margin thickened and wavy, rarely
lobed, sessile from a rounded base, or attenuated and petioled, tex-
ture subcoriaceous, both sides glabrous ; main veins distinct to the
margin ; areoles copious, hidden, including free veinlets ; sori large, —
one between each main vein, forming a single row, much nearer the
midrib than the margin (rarely in two rows). Don. Prod. Fl. Nep. 3.
Fook. Syn. Fil. 368. P.capitellata, Wall. Cat. 306. Bedd. F B. I.
fs, Weeds
VAR. TENUICAUDA. (Hook.) Pinne gradually narrowed and
acute at the base and petiolate, quite runs into the type and cannot
be considered a variety. P. leiorhizon, Wall. Cat. 303, 37d sheet.
Himalayas, from Gurwhal to Bhotan, 2,000-9,000 feet elevation,
very common, Khasya, 2,000-5,00¢ feet.
33. PLEOPELTIS LEHMANNI. (M/et?.) Rhizome creeping, clothed
with ovate or orbicular glabrous scales, each ending in a very long
acumination ; stipes 8 inches or more long, glabrous as well as
the rachis and frond; fronds 13-2 feet long, submembranaceous
pinnate ; pinne opposite or subopposite, sessile, articulated at the base
(terminal one long petioled), linear oblong entire, with a caudate
acumination 4-6 inches long, about ¢ inch broad, superior base
obliquely excised, inferior base amplexicaule, the margin entire or
slightly repand; main veins evident not extending quite to the
margin, connected by the transverse veins which form about 4 series
of areoles in which are free simple or forked veinlets with clavate
apices ; sori irregular, generally 4-6 in two rows between the main
veins, Jett. Poly. p.229. edd. F.B. TL. t. 260. Hook. Syn Fil.
P. 369.
Sikkim, 4,000-8,000 feet elevation ; Birma.
(Pleopeltis moulmeinensis, Bedd. F. B. /. ¢. 205, drawn from a
single specimen in Mr. Parish’s possession, is probably this, imper-
fectly seeding ; it does not agree in habit with juglandifolia.)
34. PLEOPELTIS HIMALAYENSIS. (Hook.) Rhizome glaucous
x , NO2I1.
A.S.CATTELL&CIENCS,
PLEOPELTIS LEHMANNI. (JZ?ét.)
B72 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
creeping, clothed with bright ferruginous hair-like scales ; stipes a
span to 1 foot and more long; fronds 1-13 foot long, submembra-
naceous, sometimes pubescent or even subtomentose, glabrous sub-
coriaceous in age, pinnated, pinnze almost invariably opposite, sessile
in distant pairs 5-8-9 inches long, by 13-2 inches broad from an
obtuse base, elliptical-oblong, finely and long-caudately acuminated
entire, but with a very distinct membranous hyaline margin ; main
veins manifest, connected by transverse ones forming areoles, of
which one or all are soriferous, these areoles are filled up with a net-
work of lesser areoles which
have free included veinlets ;
sori often large, 1-2 in the
primary areoles, hence they
are 1-2 serial between the
main veins, and 3-4 serial in
a direction parallel with the
costa. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 91.
Bedd. F. B. I. t.318. Poly-
podium venustum, Wad/. Cat.
305, not of Desv.
Himalayas, 6,000-10,000 |
feet elevation, from Nepal
to Bhotan, Khasya Hills
(Jerdon), young plants often
have simple or 3-lobed fronds.
Mettenius considers it only
a variety of Lehmanni. Mr.
Clarke calls the tomentose
variety, var. niphoboloides, but it graduates into the type. |
PLEOPELTIS HIMALAYENSIS. (ook.)
35. PLEOPELTIS LEIORHIZA. (Wall.) Rhizome very thick,
fleshy ,wide-creeping, covered with ovate adpressed peltate, slaty-brown
scales ; stipes 1-2 feet long, erect; fronds 2-4 feet long, 1-2 feet
broad ; pinnz narrow lanceolate-linear coriaceous acuminate at the
apex, margins entire, sessile and rather decurrent at the base, or
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 373
attenuated and petioled, both sides glabrous; main veins scarcely
more prominent than the rest, areoles with copious free veinlets ;
sori large, in a single row, a little nearer the midrib than the margin.
Polypodium, Wall. Cat. 303, type-sheet. Hook. Syn. Fil. 369: Bedd.
Ser ie Gis
South India, common on all the Western mOUnAAS 2,000-4,000
feet, on rocks; North India, from no elevation up to 4,000 feet. :
TRIBE II.—GRAMMITIDE.
Sori on the back of the lobes, more than twice as long as broad,
usually linear.
GENUS LXVI—NOTHOLAENA. (2. &7z)
(Vothos, spurious ; /enos, wool—the scales on back of frond pseudo-
woolly.)
Sori marginal, at first oblong or roundish, soon confluent into a
continuous marginal line, without a distinct involucre, but with the
edge of the frond frequently inflexed; veins free; fronds adherent
to the caudex, pinnate or bipinnate.
1. NorHormna Maranta. (L. under Acrostichum.) Rhizome
stout, horizontal, densely paleaceous with soft silky ferruginous finely
pointed subulate scales; stipes generally stout purplish-black, 3-10
inches long, aggregated, setosely and densely hirsute, as well as the
rachis ; fronds 4-10 inches long, 2-23 inches wide, oblong-lanceolate,
coriaceous, glabrous above, beneath densely clothed with ferruginous
oblong-lanceolate imbricated scales, bipinnate, primary pinne pe-
tiolate or sessile from a broadish obtuse base, oblong-acuminate,
pinnules not numerous, approximate, sessile, 2-3 lines long, very
obtuse entire, upper ones confluent at the base (as are the terminal
primary pinnze), the edge scarcely reflexed ; sori forming a broad
border extending some way from the margin towards the costule.
?
Wi
ANS
/
NIN
——
=
Ss
aS:
AN
SS
<> >
SSS
|
By
—— SS
BSS
Hay,
=
| A.S.CATTELL & CPENGS.
(7.inn.)
NOTHOLANA MARANTA.,
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 375
much concealed by the paleaceous covering. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1527.
Notholena Marante, 2. Br. Nothochlena, Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 120.
ead. FB. S, t. 1,
Alpine Himalayas, from Kashmir to Kumaon, rare ; Sikkim,
-9,020-15,000 feet elevation, Lachen Valley.
(Also in South Europe and the Mediterranean region, from
Macaronesia to the Caucasus and Abyssinia.)
2. NOTHOLENA VELLEA. (&. 47.) Stipes densely tufted,
woolly, wiry, short; fronds 8—g inches long, 1-14 inch broad, oblong-
lanceolate, bipinnate, pinnze close lanceolate, the central ones the
largest, with close roundish or oblong entire or 3-lobed pinnules,
texture herbaceous but thick, both sides, especially the lower, coated
with whitish or subferruginous tomentum, rachis bright chesnut-
brown, more or less woolly. &. Br. Prod. p. 146. N. lanuginosa,
Desv. Hook. Syn, Fil. p. 370.
Pangi and Lahul in Chumba, Cashmire.
(Also in Afghanistan, South Europe, Madeira, Cape Verd Isles,
Algiers.)
GENUS LXVII—MONOGRAMME. (Sch2.)
(Mono, one ; gramme, a line—sori in a single line on each frond.)
Sori subimmersed, linear elongated close to the midrib on one or
both sides, the receptacles formed of a portion of the costa ; veins
consisting only of a costa ; fronds small, grass or rush-like, simple or
forked, rhizome creeping.
1. MONOGRAMME PARADOXA. (#é.) Rhizome creeping, hairy ;
fronds linear filiform, grass-like, 2-12 inches long, 3-3 line broad ;
sori within a vaginiform expansion of the costa, one side of which is
larger than the other. ée. Vitt. £. 38. M. Junghuhnii, Hook. Sp.
peeve r23. LBedd. F. S. f, t. 210.
Ceylon, 3,000-5,000 feet elevation, not very common.
(Also in Java, Philippines, Queensland and Polynesian Islands.)
|
d
A.S.CATTELL & C2, FNGRAS
MONOGRAMME PARADOXA. (£¢).
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. a7
GENUS LXVIII—LEPTOGRAMME. (J. Sm.)
(Zeptos, slender ; gramme, a line.)
Sori arising from the veins over the under surface of the frond,
linear or linear oblong, simple; veins free; fronds bi-tripinnatifid,
adherent to the caudex, habit and mode of growth of Phegopteris
and Lastrea, and only differing from the former in its elongated sori.
1. LEPTOGRAMME TotTTa. (Sch/.) Rhizome scarcely creeping,
stipes subtufted, 6-12 inches long, pilose, below scaly; fronds
12-18 inches long, 6-8 inches broad, pinnate, both sides pilose, pinnze
lanceolate, 2-1 inch broad, pinnatifid half-way to the midrib, lobes
blunt, entire or subentire, 13-2 lines broad, herbaceous in texture ;
veinlets simple 5—7 on each side with the linear oblong sori medial.
Schlecht, Adumbr. 15, t.6. Hook. Syn. Fil. 376. Grammitis Totta,
wad. 1.9.’ L, t., 49.
South India, very common on the mountains on the west side
' at the highest elevations; Ceylon at the highest elevations; North
India, North-west Himalayas, Kashmir to Bhotan, 6,0co feet
elevation, rare, Khasya, 3,000-5,000 feet elevation, common.
(Also in Java, China, Japan, and Africa and its islands.)
2. LEPTOGRAMME aAuRITA. (Hook.) Rhizome extensively
creeping ; stipe 1 foot long, naked, glossy, the base curved and
furnished with a few deflexed ovate acute scales ; fronds up to 2 feet
long, and 1 foot broad, pinnate, pinnz in distant pairs pinnatifid
nearly or quite to the rachis into lanceolate entire or crenate lobes,
the lowest on one or both sides longer than the others and pinnatifid,
the others sometimes unequal, texture subcoriaceous, rachis glossy,
both surfaces generally glabrous ; veinlets mostly forked ; sori oblong.
a7. yn, Pa. 377. Gymnogramme, Zook, Sp. - fal. v. 141.
Grammitis aurita, Bedd. & B.S. 4. 152.
Sikkim and Bhotan, 3,o00-6,000 feet elevation, Assam,
Khasya, 2,000-5,000 feet elevation.
VAR. LEVINGII. (C/arke.) Fronds weak and flaccid, pinnee 13 inch
SS
SS
xf
. pe
s
4
E
-
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 401
Himalayas and Khasya, from 500—-4,o00 feet, and Mr. Clarke
makes it a separate variety, under the name of longifrons ; it, however,
graduates into the type, I believe it is not separated at Kew, nor
are there any characters to distinguish it; they both have the costa
very red sometimes, Mr. Clarke also gathered small specimens with
simple fronds (not in fruit, however).
(Mr. Clarke is quite wrong in referring Gymnopteris costata, var.
deltigera, to this genus, it has quite different venation.)
GENUS LXXVI.—ANTROPHYUM. (Kauzif)
(Antron, a cave, hollow ; phya, I grow.)
Sori reticulated or interrupted, carried
along the veins in line, the receptacles
immersed and forming grooves, or super-
ficial; veins uniform reticulated ; fronds
adherent to the caudex, simple, with or
without a defined midrib, fleshy-coriaceous
in texture, all the species closely allied.
I. ANTROPHYUM RETICULATUM.
(Kaulf.) Stipe none or very short, the frond
being decurrent down to the base ; fronds
6-15 inches long, by 1-13 inch broad,
linear-lanceolate or acuminate, very gradu-
ally narrowed downwards; midrib none
or sometimes present towards the base of
the frond, the areoles very long and
narrow and distinctly raised on the upper aANTROPHYUM RETICULA-
surface ; sori immersed, sometimes con- TUM. (Kaulf.)
mifemin Kaul, Pee, 37d Mem. Foug. 14. Bedd. "FS. I. t. 231.
Ant. coriaceum, Wall. Cat. 43. Ant. semicostatum (BV/.), Hook.
D2. Pu. 303.
All the South Indian, Ceylon, and North Indian specimens
seem to me to belong to one species ; ‘‘coriaceum”’ is said to differ
27
= fl
ELA IpF
Lf
Ze
— >
——
a
} a : Z
Ze —— SI ss
FZ
Ses
SE
SSS cee stay ‘
ZB
_ ==
; AO ; See ee =
SS
WES
CESS
SS
ss
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 403
— —<$<—$———
by being plicate on the upper surface, but this peculiarity occurs also
in the South Indian plant and is nota specific character ; reticulatum
can always be distinguished from “ plantagineum ” by its longer and
narrower fronds, and generally also by the presence of numerous
barren sporangiastra. ie
South India, rare, on the Tinnevelly and Travancore Moun-
tains, 3,000 feet elevation ; Ceylon, southern and central provinces,
up to 4,000 feet; Himalayas and Khasya, up to 5,000 feet ; Malay
Peninsula:
(Also in Polynesia and Queensland.)
“Var. (6 PARVULUM.
(B/.) Fronds very small, 1-4 ‘
inches long, by 3-4 inch ANN
broad. Antr. parvulum (57), & AK
Gah fae.78, ¢.34. Look. Sp. ANN SX NA
mye tO. Bedd. & B. I. | ANN Nia
He20 7. \, SQQyn i
Sikkim, Yoksun, 4,500
feet, Khasya; Penang.
(Also inJava.)
SS NN ey
iN l
2. ANTROPHYUM PLAN-
TAGINEUM. (Kaw/f.) Stipe
distinct, 1-4 inches long ;
fronds oblong, broadest to-
wards the apex, then suddenly
narrowed into an acute point,
4-10 inches long, and up to
2 inches broad, no midrib or
an inconspicuous one towards the base ; sori deeply immersed, some-
times distinctly raised on the upper surface making the frond plicate
above. Kaulf, Bory. in Voy. de la Cog. Bot. Cryp. t. 28. Bedd. F.
aed. 52 (reticulatum).
South India, on the Western mountains, 2,000-5,500 feet
ANTROPHYUM LATIFOLIUM. (ZL/)
404. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
elevation, not very common; Ceylon, central provinces ; Himalayas
and Khasya up to 5,000 feet ; Malay Peninsula.
(Also in the Malay Islands, Philippines and Polynesian Islands.)
3. ANTROPHYUM TATIFOLIUM. (2/.) Stipe long up to 7 inches ;
fronds large, broadly obovate or round, up to 42 inches wide, acuminate
or acutely lobed at the apex, no midrib; sori superficial or immersed,
with the frond plicate above. 7. Fl. Jav. Fil.75. Bedd. F. B. TI.
Gah 70.
Sikkim and Bhotan, 2,000-6,000 feet ; Assam and Khasya
I,000—4,000 feet elevation.
(Also in Java.)
Supposed to differ from the last by the sori being superficial ;
they however are deeply immersed in some of my specimens, so it
only differs in its much broader frond and longer stipes; all the three
so-called species are probably only varieties of one plant.
GENUS LXXVII.—VITTARIA. (Sm.)
(Vit¢a, a riband, the riband-like frond.)
Veins simple, forming an acute angle with the midrib, their
apices prolonged into a transverse marginal vein. which becomes the
receptacle, or veins forked without the transverse marginal vein ; sori
seated in an extrorse groove of the margin, or in a slightly intra-
marginal line with the unaltered edge of the frond produced beyond
and often rolled over it; fronds adherent to the caudex, linear, grass-
or tape-like.
I. VITTARIA ELONGATA. (Szw.) Rhizome creeping, scales many,
with black hair-like points ; fronds up to 23 feet long, generally only
3 inch broad, acuminate, grass-like, but rather firm in texture, mid-
rib generally more or less distinct beneath; veins simple, oblique,
immersed, parallel, connected by an intramarginal veinlet ; sori quite
sunk in an extrorse marginal groove. Sw. Syz. Lil. 109, 302. Wall.
Cot. tha. Bedd. FOS VL 7. BY.
N° 238.
(Sw)
VITTARIA ELONGATA.
406 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
South India, on the Western mountains, 2,000-5,000 feet eleva-
tion; Ceylon, central provinces; North India, from the plains up to
about 4,000 feet elevation; Malay Peninsula, Birma, &c.
(Also in the Malay Islands ; Queensland; Polynesia; Tropical
Africa, and Mauritius.)
2. VITTARIA SIKKIMENSIS. (Kuhn.) Rhizome very shortly creep-
ing, with slaty-rufous hair-pointed scales ; stipes densely tufted$ fronds
up to 4 inches long, but often very much shorter, 4, inch broad,
subobtuse ; midrib beneath obscure or slightly depressed ; sori sunk
in a large extrorse marginal furrow.
Kuhn in Linnea xxxvi. 66. Clarke,
FF. NT. p. 574. WV. Dainor val: minima:
fiook, Sp. Fil. v. 183. | Bedd. ae
t.56 (not minor of Fee).
Sikkim, 2,o00c—6,000 feet elevation,
common ; Khasya, Mowlong, 2,500 feet
elevation ; Tenasserim.
The Tenasserim specimens are cer-
tainly the same as the Sikkim, and when
Mr. Clarke stated that the Moulmein
( and Malay fern was distinct, he had in
{ his eye only the Malacca plant (z.e. fal-
as cata or the next species). JI have never
Mace Mera ce seen the Tenasserim plant more than
(Kzzhz22.) : aunts :
2 inches long, and the Sikkim plant is
also common in this small state, though other specimens are 4 inches
long, the soral groove is extrorse as in Vittaria elongata (not intra-
marginal as in the section Tzeniopsis) and this plant can hardly be
said to differ from elongata except in its very small size, and is
probably only a variety of it.
3. VITTARIA FALCATA. (umze.) Fronds 4-5 inches long, %
inch broad, the apex blunt, the lower part narrowed gradually to the
base, texture leathery and very thick; a distinct raised midrib
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 407
attaining the apex in the barren fronds, but lost in the fertile ones ;
veins short, oblique, parallel, immersed ; sori quite sunk, in deep
intramarginal grooves. Kunze. Hook. Syn. Fil. 395. V. falcata
and minor Fee 3rd. Mem. Foug.
Malacca.
(Also in the Philippines.)
4. VITTARIA AMBOINENSIS. (Z¢e.) Fronds 4-5 inches long, by
3-4 lines broad, smooth, submembranaceous, falcate acuminate,
tapering below into a petiole; costa slender, disappearing below the
apex ; veins curved equal approximate ; sori closely marginal, cuticle
of the margin resembling a false involucre ; caudex flexuose, con-
torted scaly, scales cancellate, rigidly toothed at the margin. Fée,
a7 p24, ¢. 1, j- 1. (not Mett.) Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 177, Bedd.
ee 0.017. | |
Martaban. This seems as distinct a species as most of this group,
though it is possible it may be a small form of scolopendrina, the
veins are combined where fertile by an intramarginal vein which runs
along the centre of the receptacle.
(Also in Amboyna).
5. VITTARIA LINEATA. (Szv.) Rhizome very short creeping ;
stipes tufted, scales acuminate with caudate points; fronds up to 8
inches long, 4-4 inch broad, narrowed gradually downwards to the
stout compressed stipe, the margin often reflexed, texture thick, a
distinct raised midrib from the base to the apex; veins simple, im-
mersed, parallel, very oblique ; sori in a broad intramarginal shallow
furrow, the edge of the frond distinctly beyond the furrow and at first
wrapped over it. Sz. Syz. Fil, p. 109. Hook. Syn. Fal. 396. Teeni-
opsis lineata, Bedd. FS. 7. t. 54. Fee separated the Indian plant
- from the American under the name of flexuosa, and Mr. Clarke has
adopted that name, but the two plants seem identical.
South India, on the Western mountains, 2,000-6,000 feet
elevation ; Ceylon, central provinces, common; Himalayas, 2,000
-12,000 feet elevation, from Gurwhal to Bhotan, Khasya, 1,000—
6,000 feet elevation ; Malay Peninsula.
408s FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
(Also in Tropical America, and the West Indies, Africa and its
Eastern Islands.)
VITTARIA SULGATA. (Xuhzn.)
6. VITTARIA SCOLOPENDRINA.
(Presl.) Caudex creeping, paleaceous -
with subulate scales; fronds linear
lanceolate acuminate, membranaceous,
gradually attenuated at both ends,
16-28 inches long by 1 inch broad,
glabrous on both sides, scarcely stipi-—
tate; midrib thick; sori sunk in a
furrow within the margin of the upper
portion of the fronds, inner margin of
the furrow winged, margin of the frond
revolute over the fructification diapha-
nous or sub‘n ‘usiate. Haplopteris
scolopendrina, Pr. Zent. Pier. p. 141. - Hook. Syn. Fal. p aom
LGA Z N° 24l.
Teeniopsis, Bedd. 7. S. 7. team.
Vitt. Zeylanica, Fée.
Ceylon, southern and cen-
tral provinces, on rocks up to
3,000 feet elevation ; Himalayas,
Sikkim, Assam, Bhotan.
(Also in New Guinea, Phi-
lippines, MalayIslands, Seychelles,
and Mozambique.)
es VITTARIA SULCATA.
(Kuhn.) Rhizome short creep-
ing, scales dense lanceolate, pale-
brown ; fronds crowded, ligulate,
obtuse, sessile, narrowed to the
base, 2-4 inches long, $ inch
broad; sori in an intramarginal
VITTARIA SCOLOPENDRINA. (Pves/.) deep furrow confined to the very
much thickened upper half of the frond, where the midrib and veins
A.S.CATTELL & C9
TANITIS
RSE 5
SERRE
BLEC.LNOIDES. (Sz
410 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
are quite lost ; midrib visible in the barren lower half, veins forked |
or rarely with two branches, veinlets slightly clavate at the apex not
reaching the margin, margin beyond the soral groove very thick.
Kuhn, Linnea, 36, p. 68. Teeniopsis falcata, Bedd. &. B.S. t. 175.
Ceylon, 4,000-5,000 feet elevation, the forked venation is ab-
normal in the genus.
GENUS LXXVUI.—TANITIS. (Wilid.)
(From Zaznza, a fillet or ribbon.)
Veins reticulated, forming oblong hexagonal oblique areoles ;
sori linear, but the line sometimes interrupted, forming a transverse
band between the midrib and margin; fronds adherent to the caudex.
1. THNITIS BLECHNOIDES. (Sw.) Rhizome creeping, setose ;
stipes 8-12 inches long, firm, naked, glossy; fronds 1-2 feet long,
8-12 inches broad, pinnate ; pinnz of barren frond 2-3 on each side,
1-2 inches broad, oblong-lanceolate, the point acuminate, the edge
thickened and wavy, the base cuneate, the lower ones stalked, fertile
pinnz more numerous and narrower, texture coriaceous, areoles
_ copious, oblique, without free veinlets; sori in a continuous (rarely
interrupted) line, about midway between the edge and midrib.
Swartz, Syn. Fil. 24 and 220. Hook. Syn. Fil. 39}. \Bedd.2H. aan
Resa.
Ceylon, in the forests about Galle; Malay Peninsula, in Tenas-
serim and further south; Sylhet (?).
(Also in the Philippines.)
GENUS LXXIX.—DRYMOGLOSSUM. (Lves/.)
(Drymos, wood ; glossa, tongue).
Veins obscure, compoundly anastomosing in the sterile fronds,
forming 3-4 series of areoles between the midrib and the margin,
each including simple or forked free veinlets, with clavate apices ;
fronds articulate with the caudex, dimorphous, the sterile broad and
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 411
short, the fertile long and narrow; sori linear, scarcely immersed,
central or submarginal often at length confluent and covering the
whole underneath surface of the frond; caudex wide-creeping on
trees.
rt. DRYMoGLOssUM CARNOSUM. (fook.) Rhizome long, filiform,
wiry, clothed with peltate lanceolate-linear toothed scales, which are
often hair-pointed ; stipes 2 lines to xr inch long, distant slender ;
fronds simple, of two kinds, sterile one from } an inch, (and
then generally orbicular or sub-
cordate) to 2 and even 3 inches
long, and then elliptical or obovate
or spathulate, or even lanceolate
and acuminate, thick and fleshy,
coriaceous when dry, faintly cos-
tate on the under side; veins an-
astomosing, the areoles including
free veinlets, fertile fronds 1-25
inches long, linear-spathulate ob-
tuse ; sori linear continuous form-
ing a line intermediate between
the costa and the margin, soon
confluent, and representing one
broad band, nearly as broad as
the frond, when young covered
by numerous peltate pedicellated
scales. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 189. Nothochlena? (Tezenitis ?) carnosa,
We oan. 138... Bedd. F.. B. 1, t. 55.
Nepal, Sikkim, Bhotan, 2,000-5,000 feet elevation, common.
(Also in China and Japan.) ©
N° 243
DRYMOGLOSSUM CARNOSUM. (fook.)
2. DRYMOGLOSSUM PILOSELLOIDES. (/ves/.) Rhizome long
filiform, wiry, clothed with adpressed, diamond shaped peltate laci-
niated scales, which are sometimes hair-pointed ; stipes about 2 lines
long in the sterile, often about 1 inch long in the fertile fronds,
fronds dimorphous, the barren ones roundish or obovate, }—2 inches
yeasts
3
eco aes
Bs
A.S.CATTELL & C2, ENGRAS
(Lresl.)
DRYMOGLOSSUM PILOSELLOIDES,
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 413
long, # inch broad, very thick and fleshy, and when young more or
less covered with stellate hairs, the fertile ones, 2-4 inches long 4-7
inch broad ; veins immersed, areoles with copious free veinlets; sori
in broad continuous marginal lines often at length confluent and
covering the whole under surface, capsules mixed with a few stellate
Weemyses.. Presi. Tent. Pierid. 227,¢. 10. Bedd. F. S. 1. t. 55
and F. S. I. ¢. 186 (Niphobolus nummularifolius).
Bengal Plains; Birma; Ceylon ; South India, common in the
Malabar plains, (Calicut, &c. on trees), also on the mountains, up to
about 2,000 feet elevation, (Anamallays, Wynad, Coorg, &c.)
(Also in Java Philippines and Japan.)
Var. 3 BEDDOMEI. Mr. Clarke proposes the name Beddomei
for a specimen from the Anamallays figured by me (fad. 186,
F. . f.) because the fronds have stellate hairs and the. scales of the
rhizome are more pointed, but I find this stellate pubescence is
always more or less present on the young fronds of Himalayan
examples, and the rhizome scales are quite as hair-pointed in some
specimens from Java, Philippines, and Japan, the fertile fronds are
shorter and narrower in this South Indian form, and the broader
usually sterile fronds sometimes fructify towards the apex, but I am
not inclined to consider it even a permanent variety, as I believe
it runs into the type with longer fertile fronds, which is also found in
Southern India.
(Niphobolus nummularifolius, though I have included it in that
genus, rather belongs here, it has exactly similar venation.)
GENUS LXXX.—HEMIONITIS. (Z.)
(Hemionos, a mule—the mule fern.) 3
Sori continuous along the veins and copiously reticulated ; veins
copiously anastomosing, forming numerous areoles which have rarely
a free veinlet in them, which when present is also soriferous; fronds
adherent to the caudex, simple, pinnatifid, or pinnate.
1. HEMIONITIS ARIFOLIA. (Lurm. under Asplenium.) Caudex
__N®° 245.
A
FE SSSQVVFj;
LSS ZV Wi
NN v
rs
pon
A
FPP ES.
EY} a, |
pp EE
S= INA SSS Le
A.S.CATTELL &C? ENGRAS
HEMIONITIS ARIFOLIA. (S27m.)
—Firuu. (ook. Lil. et Thoms.)
| FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 415
erect, short ; stipe of the barren frond, 2—4 inches long, of the fertile
often 1 foot long, dark chesnut-brown, glossy densely fibrillose
towards the base ; fronds 2—3 inches each way, cordate-hastate, the
barren ones bluntish at the apex, with generally rounded (rarely
pointed) basal lobes and a deep sinus, the fertile ones with the lobes
more produced and pointed, texture more or less coriaceous, gla-
brous above, somewhat villous beneath ; areoles oblique, numerous,
free veinlets none or very rare. Burm. 7. Ind. 231. H. cordifolia
thon?) Bead, F. S. I. t. 53.
South India, common in
the plains and on the moun-
tains up to nearly 3,000 feet
elevation ; East Bengal plains ;
Ceylon; Birma.
(Also in the Philippincs. )
2. HEMIONITIS GRIF-
Rhizome shortcreeping; stipes
paleaceous and coarsely _hir-
sute, 8-12 inches long ; fronds
12-16 incheslong, 6—1oinches
broad, subdeltoid, pinnatifid
or pinnate with 2-4 pinnz on
each side, which are 1-12
inch broad, entire or cre-
nated, acuminate, texture
herbaceous, rachis and both
surfaces hairy on the venation; main veins prominent, generally
barren, the veinlets reticulated into copious areoles all soriferous,
HEMIONITIS GRIFFITHII.
(Zook. et Thoms.)
rarely there are free included veinlets, which are also soriferous.
flook. Sp. Fil. v. 192. Dictyocline Griffithii (Moore), Bedd. F. B. J.
t. 155.-
Khasya, Cherra, 4,000-s000 feet elevation.
(Also in Formosa.)
416 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
TRIBE XII.—ACROSTICHE,
Sori spread in a stratum over the under surface, or rarely over
both surfaces of the frond, not confined to the veins only.
GENUS LXXXI.—ELAPHOGLOSSUM. § (Scho?t.)
(Elaphos, a stag; glossa, tongue.)
Veins free, simple or forked, their apices sometimes clavate,
fronds simple, entire, sessile or stipitate, the fertile somewhat con-
tracted and generally sporangiferous over the whole under surface ;
stipes adherent to the rhizome, but generally pseudo-articulate a little
above the base. |
1. ELAPHOGLOSSUM CONFORME. (Sw.) Rhizome woody, wide
creeping, scales blackish, ovate, jagged, not hair-pointed ; stipes firm
erect, 2-3 inches long in the sterile, and often much more in the
fertile, black at the base up to the pseudo-articulation, where it breaks
off in age, generally clothed with sheathing scales; sterile fronds 2-9
inches long, seldom more than 1 inch broad, narrow-lanceolate
acuminate, furnished with deciduous scales on both sides, quite
glabrous in age, margin slightly revolute in age; veins hidden,
generally once-forked, just reaching the margin ; fertile fronds some-
what contracted. —Sw. .Syz. 7il. 10, 192, ¢. 1.. Begd. see
198. Hook. Syn. Fil. 40t.
South India, Western mountains, at the higher elevations, very
common ; Ceylon; Malay Peninsula; Sikkim and Nepal, 6,o00-
9,000 feet elevation, Khasya, 4,500—-6,000 feet elevation.
(Also in Australia, Central and South Africa, Queensland,
Polynesia, and the Malay Islands.)
2. ELAPHOGLOSSUM LATIFOLIUM. (Szw.) Rhizome woody, wide-
creeping, scales bright chesnut or golden, lanceolate and more
pointed than in conforme ; stipes longer than in conforme and the
deciduous scales not sheathing ; fronds much larger than in conforme,
and generally over 2 inches broad, margin diaphanous and much
ise se
i ak aa Eh i Di
A.S. CATTELL & C°,ENGRAS
(Stw.)
ELAPHOGLOSSUM CONFORME.,
28
418 FERNS ‘OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
thickened ; veins prominent, apices thickly clavate, and not reaching
the margin. Sw. 2x Schrad. Journ. Elaph. laurifolium, edd.
TPS! 157.200:
South India, Nilgiris, and Anamallays, at the higher elevations,
rare compared with conforme ; Ceylon, in central provinces ; (not in
North India.)
(Also in Cuba and Tropical America.)
3. ELAPHocLossumM Norrisi. (ook.) Rhizome stout,
woody, the scales long, linear,
-dull-brown ; barren frond sessile,
or nearly so, tufted, 12-18 inches
long, 3-1 inch broad, the point
blunt, the lower half narrowed
very gradually, texture coriaceous,
both sides nearly naked ; veins
immersed, indistinct; fertile frond
much narrower than the other.
Hook. Sp. v. p. 215. Sy mee
Pp: 401.
Penang.
4. ELAPHOGLOSSUM STIGMA-
TOLEPIS. (Fée.) Rhizome stout,
woody, creeping, the scales dense
reddish-brown, long linear lan-
ceolate, hair-pointed, not jagged
(Sw,) On the margin, scales of the stipe
like those of the rhizome, not
sheathing, very dense towards the base; barren fronds lanceolate,
8-12 inches long, 3-1 inch broad, acute, narrowed very gradually
towards the base into a stipe 1-3 inches long, texture coriaceous as
in the last two, upper surface naked, lower thickly scattered over
with small scales ; veins apparent, fine, close, forked, or more rarely
simple, fertile fronds smaller, contracted and on longer stipes. Fe,
2me Mim. Foug. t.25. Bedd. F. S. [.t. 199. Hook. Syn. £il. p. 521.
ELAPHOGLOSSUM LATIFOLIUM.
|
22
ELAPHOGLOSSUM VISCOSUM. (Szw.)
ELAPHOGLOSSUM SPATHULATUM. (.S7zu. )|
-)
ta
2?)
(a
ELAPHOGLOSSUM STIGMATOLEPIS. (Zé
nq LLiyyp
SUTIN Ly
K Ly WN
MK \ \\\ :
fe HIM
SSS
ly) Kitts Y} ii Le: i
ELAPHOGLOSSUM SQUAMOSUM. (Sz .)
420 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. -
South India, Nilgiris, and Palghat Hills.
5. ELAPHOGLOSSUM viscosuM. (Sz.) Rhizome woody, creep-
ing, the scales bright-brown, narrow, linear, hair-pointed ; sterile
fronds linear-lanceolate, 6—9 inches long, by $—# inch broad, narrowed
gradually at both ends, densely covered on the under surface with
stellate pubescence, glabrous above, at least in age, its stipe 2-3
inches, scaly and with stellate pubescence ; veins apparent, their clavate
apices well within the margin, generally once forked, rarely the forks
again forked, fertile fronds contracted and on a longer stipe. Sz.
Sya. fil. 107193. Bedd. F. S. L. t. 196. HE. stelligernminyy a.
Cat, 2167. |
South India, Western mountains, Anamallays 4,o00° feet, on
rocks up the Toracadu River, Coorg, Travancore; North India,
Sikkim and Nepal, 6,000-8,000 feet elevation, Khasya, 4,000—-6,000
feet. (It has been proposed to separate the South Indian plant from
the Himalayan under the name of stelligerum, but I cannot: dis-
tinguish them.)
(Also in Tropical America; Tropical Africa, and its eastern:
islands ; and the Malay Islands.)
6. ELAPHOGLOSSUM SQUAMOSUM. (Sz.) Rhizome short creep-
ing, scaly ; the scales black margined and ciliate ; stipes 1-2 inches
long, very scaly, fronds linear-lanceolate obtuse, gradually attenuated
at the base, 4-12 inches long, $—% inch broad, densely covered on
both sides with velvety ciliated scales, fertile fronds often not con- _
tracted, texture flaccid ; veins hidden, simple or forked. Sw. zz
Scivad. Journ. 1300, 1. p. 10.) eed FS. ee
South India, Nilgiris, Anamallays, Travancore hills, 3,000-4,000
feet elevation, not common; Ceylon, central provinces.
(Also in Tropical America and West Indies ; Sumatra ; Sandwich
Islands ; Mascareen Islands ; Guinea Coast ; Madeira and Azores.)
7. ELAPHOGLOSSUM SPATHULATUM. (Sz.) Rhizome short, creep-
ing, densely scaly, furnished with numerous wiry roots ; stipes 2-4
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. A2t
inches long, densely covered with reddish setaceous scales, fronds
linear-lanceolate to rhomboid-lanceolate 1-2 inches long, covered on
both sides with numerous hair-like scales, fertile fronds broad ovate,
smaller than the sterile ones. Sw. Syn. Fil. p.10. Bedd. FS. T.
¢. 213. Acrostichum piloseloides, var. é spathulatum. Hook. Sp. Fil.
me 220,
Ceylon, about Newera Elya, and in the southern provinces.
(Also in Tropical America and West Indies ; Natal and Masca-
reen Islands ; and Tristan d’Acunha.)
GENUS LXXXII.—STENOCHLAINA. (F. Sm.)
(Stenos, narrow ; chlena, cloak ; the narrow involute margin.)
Fronds simply pinnate, the fertile contracted and very narrow, the
sterile with the habit of Lomaria; veins simple or forked, fine and close,
generally quite free to the margin, or rarely the two forks or even
two separate veins anastomose; stipes adherent to the rhizome ; pinnz
articulate with the rachis. (In palustre, the rachis or costa of the
sterile pinne is winged, particularly towards the apex, which wing
has been -called an obscure transverse vein, anastomosing in loops ;
the same occurs in Pteris patens, and some Athyriums (very apparent
in Athy. fimbriatum, var. sphceropteroides) and it can scarcely be
called a true vein.
I. STENOCHLENA PALUSTRE. (Linn. under Polypodium.) Rhi-
zome scandent, (often reaching the tops of the highest trees), fronds
glabrous, shining, of hard texture, pinnate, 1-4 feet long, pinne
articulated numerous, alternate or opposite, lanceolate acuminate,
pungently serrate towards the apex, oblique at the base, and furnished
with a marginal gland on the upper edge, 5-10 inches long, 1-14
inch broad, fertile fronds very much contracted ; veins simple or
forked, generally free to the thickened margin, rarely the forks or
two separate veins anastomose in the middle of, or towards the
- margin of the pinne; rachis of sterile pinnz winged, particularly
towards the margin, and forming a pseudo vein parallel with it
Lili
Wise:
\\
Tz
Nw
u
|
mm
AH
ag
I
NI
ie:
ies
a\ees
STENOCHLAENA PALUSTRE. (Zz:
77272.)
eae ;
Gi
vs ' 6
. “~ — ‘4
=) bs
a
24g
Se
1
!
1
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
423
Burm. Fl. Zey. 234. S. scandens, ¥. Smith, in Hook, Fourn. of
moro.) 4or. Beda. FS. ft.’ 201... Lomaria scandens, W72d/d,
a. 27) 203.
South India, in the plains on the West Coast and up the
mountains to about 3,000 feet elevation; Ceylon. North India in
the plains of Bengal and at low elevations on the hiils; Malay Pen-
insula. (Davallia achilleifolia, Wal. Teratophyllum aculeatum,
Wan. Ann. Mus.Lug. Bat..4, 296. Bedd. F. B. J. ¢. 200, 1s an
abnormal form of this plant, showing clearly a winged partial rachis.)
(Also. in South China ;
Queensland ; and Fiji.)
2. STENOCHLANA SORBI-
mouIA. (Z.).- Rhizome. thick,
woody, often 40 feet long, clasp-
ing trees like a cable, sometimes
prickly, scales lanceolate-subulate,
large; fronds up to 18 inches
long, simply pinnate, barren pin-
nz 3-8 inches long, about 1 inch
broad, bluntly pointed, margin
entire or toothed, 3-20 on each
side, articulated at the base,
texture subcoriaceous, glabrous,
or nearly so on both sides, rachis
often winged, fertile pinnzesmaller,
much contracted, about 2 inch
broad. Acrostichum sorbifolium, Zznn. Sp. Pl. p. 1526. Lomari-
Busis, 00k. Syn. fil. p. 412. Bedd. F. B. TI. t. 192.
The Malay Peninsula, Tenasserim, Malacca.
Bedd. F. B. I. ¢. 210, is an abnormal bipinnate form of this
plant in which the rachis of the pinnze is very broadly winged with
small pinnules resembling the leaves of Feronia elephantum. Lo-
maria limonifolia, Wal/. Cat. 35, is the same form.
(Also in Tropical America and West Indies; Fiji; Samoa ;
STENOCHLANA SORBIFOLIA, (Z.)
424. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON.
New Caledonia; Philippines; Cochin China; Mascareen Tienda
and Tropical Africa.)
GENUS LXXXIII.—POLYBOTRYA. (4. B. K.)
(Poly, many ; dotrys, bunch—in allusion to the fructification.)
Fronds pinnate, bipinnatifid or subbipinnate, the sterile not
lomarioid in habit, generally viviparous, fertile much contracted ;
veins pinnate, all free; stipes adherent to the rhizome.
I. POLYBOTRYA APPENDICULATA. (Wil/d.) | Rhizome thick, -
short-creeping, stipes and rachis scaly, scales linear, not adpressed ;
fronds pinnate, glabrous, the sterile ones viviparous at the apex ;
pinnee 25 to 50 pair, subopposite or alternate, oblong-lanceolate, ob-
tuse, 2-3 inches long, 3 an inch broad, rather deeply crenated with
a setaceous bristle between each crenature, superior basal crenature .
the largest, inferior base cuneate and slightly unequal; veins not
prominent, pinnate free ; fertile fronds much contracted, pinnze much
shorter than the sterile ones. Willd. Sp. Fl, 114; Ledd. 7. sae
Geto. Wall, Catj23°and 2005.
Common throughout the Indian region.
(Also in Philippines and Hong Kong.)
The above description only relates to the type, but there are
several varieties more or less permanent. :
VaR. (8 MAJOR. Stipes and rachis very thick, ¢ inch or rather
more in diameter, rough with dense adpressed scurfy scales ; pinnz
t inch in breadth, not auricled at the superior base or cuneate and
unequal at the inferior ; main veins very prominent and straight and
costa-like veinlets more numerous and very prominent. up
Sikkim ; a very large fern, unlike any forms in Southern India or
Ceylon.
VAR. y ASPLENIIFOLIA. (Bory.) Rachis with copious linear
patent scales, fronds seldom proliferous at the apex; pinnze very
N°255
et
ieee
<=
f=,
a
il
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wl
(23
SS:
UI NODA
IN ONG,
We
=f
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SWZ55
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Africa, and its eastern islands ;
America; Japan; Australia; New
Zealand, and Sandwich Islands.)
2. OPHIOGLOSSUM NUDICAULE:
(Z. f.) Rhizome small, slightly tube-
rous ; fronds 1 inch or more long,
the sterile division placed not far
from the base, 3-1 inch long, 2-5
lines broad, linear to ovate, without
a haft, or with only aslight one, the
texture thin but with no evident costa and veins not distinct ; fertile
spike 3 inch long, the peduncle often 2 inches long, very slender. Sz.
Syn. Fil. t. 4. O. parvifolium, Hook. and Grev. Bedd. F. S.J. t. 71.
South India, Anamallay Forests, 2,500 feet elevation, and else-
where on the Western mountains ; Malay Peninsula.
(Also in America from United States southward to Brazil, New
Caledonia, and Tropical Africa.)
Se
’
;
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON, 465
3. OPHIOGLOSSUM FIBROSUM. (Schum.) Rhizome a large
round white bulb with numerous fibrous rootlets ; stipe very short
with the sterile division close to its base, the latter 14-2 inches long,
- by 2 inch broad, lanceolate, acute or obtuse, the texture thick and
opaque ; midrib prominent, venation indistinct (except when dried),
fertile spike 13-2 inches long on a spike 4-5 inches long. Schum.
K. Dansk. Vid. Afh. Ww. 226. O. Wightii, Hook and Grev. Bot.
7s. 218. ©. brevipes, Bedd. FS, 7. 7, 72.
South India, Anamallay teak
forests, 2,000—3,000 feet elevation.
(Also in Tropical Africa, Guinea
Coast ; Ascension Island.)
4. OPHIOGLOSSUM RETICULA-
TuM. (Z.) Rhizome cylindrical,
elongated with many fibrous rootlets ;
fronds 6-12 inches long, the sterile
division placed a little below the fy
middle, 14-3 inches long, by 1-2
inches broad, with a distinct haft,
and distinctly cordate at the base,
mie, apex blunt or acute, texture
thin; veins prominent, but usually
no midrib ; fertile spike 1 inch or
more long on a slender peduncle,
PeGncies lone. Linn. Sp. PI. OPHIOGLOSSUM FIBROSUM. (Schum.)
memowe dior. Syn. fl. p. 446. Bedd. & S. 7. t, Jo. O, cordifo-
lium (Roxd.), Wall. Cat. 47.
South India, Nilgiris and Anamallays, 2,000 feet elevation
and upwards; Ceylon, Newera Elya; Himalayas; Malay
Peninsula.
(Also in Malay Islands ; Polynesia ; Tropical America; Africa,
Mascareen Islands; Philippines.)
5. OPHIOGLOSSUM PENDULUM. (Z.) Epiphytic on trees;
3I
(Z.)
OPHIOGLOSSUM RETICULATUM.
eis
7 ’
™~
distinct ; fertile spike single, arising
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 467
fronds pendulous, ribbon-like, without
a distinct stem, 1-3 feet long, 1-3
inches broad, simple or forked, texture
fleshy ; no midrib and the veining not
low down on, but above the base of,
the sterile segment, 2-6 inches long,
on a peduncle shorter than itself.
mea Sp. Fi. 1518. Bead. F. S. 1.
t, 260.
Ceylon, at no great elevation ;
Malay Peninsula ; Assam (?)
(Also in Malay and Polynesian
Islands ; Mauritius ; Australia ; Philip-
pines. )
N¢29}.
OPHIOGLOSSUM PENDULUM. (L.)
GENUS XCVII.—HELMINTHOSTACHYS. (Kaw)
(Helminthos, a worm ; stachys, a spike.)
Capsules in long crested clusters which form a long loose spike;
veins forked, free; fertile spike rising from the base of the leafy
segment; fronds stipate, sterile segments foliaceous, digitate. A
genus of a single species.
1. HELMINTHOSTACHYS ZEYLANICA. (Lzun. under Osmunda.)
Rhizome thick, fleshy, creeping ; stipes often 1 foot long, barren
segment palmately pinnate, often in three principal divisions which
are stalked, and again forked or pinnate, the ultimate divisions linear-
oblong, 3-4 inches long, #-1 inch broad, the apex acuminate, the
edge slightly toothed or entire, texture herbaceous ; fertile spike
solitary, arising from the base of the barren segment, 3-4 inches
long, $ inch broad, the firm peduncle about as long as the fructi-
fication. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1519. Hook. and Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 48p.
iead. FS. J. t. 69:
SZ
.
C\ HH A
| Z
iy
\:
Sows
HELMINTHOSTACHYS ZEYLANICA.
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 469
South India, Western forests in swampy places up to 3,000
feet elevation ; Ceylon, about Colombo and other parts of Western
and Southern provinces ; North India, Bengal plains to Assam and
Cachar; Malay Peninsula.
(Also in Tropical Australia, Malay Islands, Philippines and
New Caledonia.)
GENUS XCVIII.—BOTRYCHIUM. (Sw)
(Botrys, a bunch ; fructification like a bunch of grapes.)
Capsules sessile, arranged in two rows, on the face of spikes which
form a compound panicle; veins forked, free; fronds erect, the
sterile segments foliaceous, deltoid, bi-tripinnat- %&
ifidly compound, rarely pinnate; fertile segments 3,
rachiform, compound paniculate.
1. Borrycuium Lunaria. (L. under Os-
munda.) Rhizome small, scarcely thickened,
_ enclosed by brown sheaths furnished with stoutish
fleshy brittle branched roots; stipes erect, smooth,
cylindrical, hollow, succulent, vernation plicate or
folded straight, the fertile branch clasped by the oma ee
sterile before unfolding, fronds solitary, 3-10 We pci.
inches high, firm, stout fleshy, sterile branch oblong, pinnate smooth,
pinnze 4-7 pairs flabellate or lunate, the margins crenate (rarely
partially fertile) fertile branch pinnate or bipinnate ; venation (barren
pinnee) flabellately-furcate, z.e. the vein enters at the base and is re-
peatedly forked, veins not quite extending to the margin. zzz. Sp.
Peek. Ov. Syn. fil. 171. edd. F. B. TL. ¢. 208.
North India, Sikkim, Lachen, 11,000-13,000 feet elevation,
Kumaon, 12,000 feet.
(Also the arctic and cold temperate zone, extending to South
Europe ; Patagonia ; Australia.)
z. BOTRYCHIUM DAUCIFOLIUM. (JWall.) Stipes stout, 6-12
Uy \ Wer
Y LZ “AN VW
Ape
Wwe
Vv) \} sf Wes
a SS
BOTRYCHIUM DAUCIFOLIUM. (JlWVa//.)
the fertile spike 4-12 inches
FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 471
inches long, the sterile portion with a stalk, 1-6 inches long, z.e. pro-
longed beyond the fertile spike, 6-12 inches each way; deltoid, tripin-
natifid or tripinnate; the lower pinne much the largest; segments
lanceolate-oblong, 4-2 inch broad, finely toothed ; fertile segments
about equalling the sterile segment when mature; panicle 2-4
inches long tripinnate, not very close. Wall. Hook. and Grev. Le.
Y7 7061, B.subcarnosum, Wall. Cat. 49. Bedd. FS. Tf. ¢. 69.
- Throughout the Indian region, up to 8,000 feet elevation.
(Also in Java and Polynesia.)
3. BOTRYCHIUM VIRGINI-
ANUM. (ZL. under Osmunda.)
Stipes 3-18 inches long, sterile
portion not prolonged beyond
each way; deltoid, quadripin-
natifid, lower pinnee much the
largest, pinnules ovate-oblong,
close cut down to a broadly
winged rachis into finely cut
linear-oblong segments, both
sides naked or slightly hairy ;
fertile branch of the rachis
springing from the base of the
sterile portion (¢.e. sterile por-
tion, sessile), or from the
middle of it. Linn. Sp. Fi. BOTRYCHIUM VIRGINIANUM. (Svw.)
1519. Sw. Sy. Fil, Ler. VAR. LANUGINOSUM.
Var. 6 Lanucinosum. (Sf. Wall. Cat. 48.) Fertile branch
arising from the middle of the sterile portion. Bedd. F. S. J. ¢. 67.
Moore, Ind. Fil. 213. Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 29. In the typical
American plant, the fertile branch arises from the base of the sterile
portion, and the latter is quite glabrous; in the Indian plant the
fertile branch always springs from well above the base, and the sterile
472 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON,
portion is more or less hairy, they are, however, only considered
varieties. |
South India, at the higher elevations on the Western mountains
(only appearing in the rains) ; Ceylon, about Newera Elya ; North
India, on the Himalayas, Kumaon to Bhotan, 5,000-8,000 feet eleva-
tion, Khasya, 4,000—6,000 feet elevation.
(The typical plant is widespread in Europe, America and
Japan.)
N°298
LEUCOSTEGIA MULTIDENTATA. (Wail.)
(Lozwe.)
. )
~ = NS
wr 2 gies oa
Tf AR x
—— Li of f
Z y yy Z 3
toa 4 9 = . A
<= / oe) AVIAN = We i
f 4 ws We
CG ae POS {
\
[+
pale
e =) AAAS, ‘
a ae aoe ALN
We aS
C ~ 1
' x wes
SS ww Geek
‘a s : = :
.
—S
MICROLEPIA MAJUSCULA.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
At page 16, after No. Io, insert :—
ALSOPHILA KINGI (Clarke MS. in Kew Herb.), a tree fern, 10 feet
high, main rachis purplish shining glabrous, rachis of pinnz purplish
glabrous and somewhat glaucous, pinnze 20-24 inches long, pinnules about
3 inches long by half inch broad, coriaceous, of a blueish glaucous tint,
the rachis very scaly beneath and hairy above, cut down nearly to the
base into oblong crenated segments, the midrib much raised and very
prominent (particularly in the fertile pinnules) and scaly ; veins once
forked from a little above the base, or more rarely simple, receptacles
much raised and very prominent.
Malay Peninsula at Laroot, in Perak, at 5,000 feet elevation, lately
discovered by Dr. King’s collectors.
At page 20, line 15, for 900 —1,200, read 9,000—12,000.
At page 28, for plate 14, ead plate 15.
At page 29, for plate 15, vead plate 14.
At page 292, 9th line from bottom, tor Zhzs variety, read 7, he
variety.
At page 295, 11th line from bottom, for vugulosum Ladill, read
rugosulum Ladbill.
At page 439, 4th line from bottom, for as z¢ read, as that.
INDEX TO THE PLATES.
PAGE | PLATE
19 Trichomanes digitatum ,..
PLATE
GLEICHENIACE.
1 Gleichenia linearis 3
206 )
99
scandens
divergens
Schizoloma lobata, var.
9
by)
malabarica ...
cordata
ensifolia
PAGE
39
40
45
47
49
51
53
55
473
56
478 INDEX TO THE PLATES.
PLATE PAGE | PLATE PAGE
[Pteridee. 73 Asplenium Wightianum 146
42 Adiantum Parishii 82 | 74 ” ae -147
43 34 lunulatum, var. 75 ” Zenkerianum 148
Mettenii 83 76 5s paradoxum ... 152
eae caudatum Sh en ” heterocarpum 155
45 . venustum 87 78 +4 tenuifolium p.ebbOO
300 , hispidulum ii 79 ” rutzfolium ... 162.
46 Cheilanthes mysorensis... go | 80 Athyrium falcatum —... 164
47 Fe varians QI 81 Ae selenopteris GF
48 argentea 95 82 - brevisorum Resi gt
49 Onychium auratum 97 83 ees fimbriatum - 173
50 Cryptogramme crispa 99 | 84 Diplazium lanceum eeligs
51 Pellzea Stelleri 100 85 ” porrectum », 176
See concolor ... 100 86 ne bantamense tes es 7007
Bier tas, Boivini 103 87 + longifolium 179
BA 431) daleatar 104 88 e asperum _ 183
55 Pteris longifolia ... 105 ||) 89 = polypodioides 185
oy menGactylima v-. 108 | 90 y umbrosum, var.
657. -,, Griffithii 109 australe 189°
58 4, semipinnata Imp os Pome ” umbrosum, var.
5Ou 5). patens 113 multicaudatum 190
60 Campteria Kleiniana 117 | 92 Anisogonium cordifolium 191
61 Doryopteris ludens 119g 93 ks heterophle-
62 Litobrochia incisa 121 bium 192
63 Ceratopteris thalictroides 121 94 ” esculentum 193
64 Lomaria Patersoni . 126 95 Hemidictyum Ceterach... 194
65 Plagiogyria adnata i 128 96 » Finlaysonia-
num 195
Blechnee. 97 Allantodia javanica 196
66 Blechnum orientale 131 98 Actiniopteris dichotoma... 198
67 Blechnidium melanopus... 134 _Aspidiee.
2 Osama ners radicans - 136 | 99 Didymochleena lunulata... 200
08 Wigaele 6 hase - 138 100 Mesochlzena polycarpa ... 202
Asplenice, 101 Polystichumsemicordatum 201
| 102 : auriculatum... 205
70 Thamnopteris Grevillei... 140 | 103 i ilicifolium ... 206
71 Asplenium ensiforme . 142 | 104 - aculeatum,var.
ie 9 alternans... 143 rufo-barbatum 208 |
Se ee ee
=u Sees cer
ee Se 9g 5 gt
——
X
2 os OD al ti
INDEX TO THE PLATES.
PLATE PAGE
105 Polystichum Prescottianum 210
106 Cyrtomium falcatum, var.
caryotideum 213
1o7 Aspidium singaporianum 214
108 Bs vastum 2d
109 SS subconfluens 215
IIO 5 subtriphyllum 216
III + variolosum ... 217
I12 3 . heterocarpum 216
113 3 decurrens, var.
minor baa 2a
114 Pleocnemia Trimeni 5 Bel
115 > membranifolia 226
116 | fs Clarkei 5227
‘117 4 leuzeana» _... 228
118 Lastrea coniifolia... boas 2
wo yatistata.... sone ail
119 » cuspidata 232
7G 5, hirtipes ... 2a
121 ‘calcarata, var.
ciliata ba230
122 5) Beddomei 230
ie ., .Uhelypteris . ... 242
124 symmatica | 22
125 Popuaccida, ... . 244
126 Pee betnoniana ... 245
127 » barbigera 247
128 5, odontoloma son BLY
129 » Filix-mas,var.nidus 249
130 ue », var. cochleata 251
13t », Sparsa,var.obtusissima 253
132 fiom spectabilis 12150
133 » deparioides = 250
134 peolationit: ... . 259
135 a. SCabrosa ... #1263
136 = fetrupinea 2 265
137 Nephrodium otaria 208
138 ‘3 cucullatum... 271
139 s aridum 2 2734
479
PLATE PAGE
140 Nephrodium urophyllum 274
I4I iS moulmeinense 275
142 5 ATpuseula 2.5276
143 5 truncatum ,.. 281
144 Nephrolepis cordifolia ... 283
145 af ramosa 2e5
146 Oleandra neriiformis 2 260
147 3 Wallichii PEPIS7/
Polypodiee.
148 Phegopteris Scottii . 289
149 * auriculata ... 291
150 es rufescens ... 293
I51 ‘ Dryopteris ... 294
152 3 ornata ose 1204
153 Goniopteris prolifera “| 207
154 Dictyopteris Barberi . 299
155 “5 chattagramica 300
156 Pe difformis ... 301
157 Polypodium parasiticum .. 303
158 3 Wallii » 304
159 : hirtellum . 306
160 - cornigerum... 306
161 3 cucullatum ... 307
162 Gs trichomanoides308
163 3 glandulosum 309
164 ee Thwaitesii ... 310
165 5 Geconuml rs 3m
166 53 obliquatum... 312
167 repandulum... 313
168 y subfalcatum... 314.
169 5 dareeeforme... 315
—170 Goniophlebium amzenum 316
74 ee) Lerytheocarpumucn7
1.72 i" molle... Piece ll
173 i subauriculatum 323
174 4) argutum nee 523
175 verrucosum ... 324
>)
176 Niphobolus adnascens ... 326
480 INDEX TO THE PLATES.
PLATE PAGE PLATE PAGE
177 Niphobolus pannosus ... 328 Grammitidee.
178 ” stigmosus ... 329 213 Notholzna Marantze carck
179 % fissus - 33° | 214 Monogramme paradoxa... 376
180 ” flocculosus ... 331 | arc Leptogramme Totta - 378
131 » Gardneri ... 332 | 216 Fe aurita ae 379
182 y penangianus 332 217 4 opaca . 370
183 ” mummularize- 218 Stegnogramme aspidioides 381
folius * 333 | 219 Gymnogramme Andersoni 382
184 Dipteris Wallichii 335 c2Z0 » leptophylla 383
185 i Horsfieldii 19330) 228 » microphylla 384
126 i" Lobbiana . 337 | 222 Syngramme fraxinea - 385
187 Dynaria coronans agree ” vests Perks 387
138 i epleadens . 339 | 224 e alismzefolia 235 300
225 Selliguea Féei . 388
Se. es Su sae oe 226 Hamiltoniana ... 390
; i et
eh serene eae 22 elliptica I
I9I a quercifolia sete y 7 ” Pe vot
. 228 Loxogramme involuta ... 394
192 = rigidula ... - 344
, 229 Ae avenla «© 395
193 Pleopeltis eee SP 230 Brainea insignis .. 41306
194 linearis - 347 | 531 Meniscium triphyllum ... 398
195 9 Sma ane © 349 | 935 S Thwaitesii ... 399
196 5; longifolia - 35° | 233 es salicifolium ... 309
BO] 139 lanceolata » 352 | 334 i cuspidatum ... 400
198 5s thyncophyllay ye 235 Antrophyum reticulatum 4o1
TOD) 9-93 Grifithiana — ... 355 236 if plantagineum 402
200 ” ovata 1+ 356 287 i latifolium .., 403
ZOMe a: 95 pene = Bee 238 Vittaria elongata... ~“2..34e5
202 . hemionitidea ... 359 230 e iimene Wies
203 >» Pure py 300 240 3, “Sulleatanae . 408
2040» PrCtOD Ey aa 241 4, scolopendrina ... 408
aa oo) 242 Teenitis blechnoides . 409
205 » _hastata - 362 | 243 Drymoglossum carnosum 411
206 ” incurvata - 364 | 244 ra piloselloides 412
207 ” insignis » 365 245 Hemionitis arifolia Ree 0:
208 a nigrescens » 367 246 i Griffithii woe 4IS
2) ” ole ee sie Acrostichee
210 3 juglandifolia ... 369 :
Papa Lehmanni . 371 | 247 Elaphoglossum conforme 417 ;
212 himalayensis ... 372 | 248 Pf latifolium ... 418
eS ee ee eee
“
=
sah 9
re nena
By
oe ee
Rot ie Se a
PLATE
INDEX To
PAGE
249 Elaphoglossum
stigmatolepis 419
250 * viscosum ... 419
aor’ 5 squamosum 419
252 a Sp eaiae 419
253 Stenochlzna palustre ... 422
254 és eo itonA | Repel Oe:
255 Polybotrya appendiculata,
var. /3 aspleniifolia 425
256 5 appendiculata,
var. 0 Hamiltoniana 426
257 * appendiculata,
wat «< costulata ... 426
258 Gymnopteris variabilis ... 428
_ 259 bie minus so ehele)
260 aie: metallica ... 431
261 45 Spicata,. ... 431
262 0 quercifolia 433
263 Bs tHIcUSpIS ~,.. 435
‘264 As contaminans 436
265 5 subcrenata 437
266 x Costata’ . ... 430
267 Ss Presliana ... 430
268 Acrostichum aureum ... 44I
269 Photinopteris rigida Bie alate}
270 ay drynarioides 444
THE JPLATES: ASI
PLATE : PAG
271 Platycerium grande 4d
272 Platycerium Wallichii ... 446
2718 - biforme ... 447
274. Osmunda javanica AAS
O75 is Claytoniana ... 449
276 - regalis... AAG
277 Schizeea malaccana eso
278 » dichotoma eos sit
279 at CAC tA al Ms e452
280 Anemia tomentosa conga:
281 Lygodium circinatum ... 455
282 ie ricropho aan 456
283 e flexuosum~e (i. 4-457
284 Ac polystachyum 457
285 Angiopteris evecta 1a AQ
286 Marattia fraxinea Abc sloit
287 Kaulfussia zsculifolia ... 463
288 Ophioglossum nudicaule,.. 464
289 a fibrosum ... 465
290 si reticulatum 466
29] % pendulum 467
292 Helminthostachyszeylanica 468
2903 botry chiumsLunaria 406
294 =“ daucifolium 470
295 2» virginianum,
var. lanuginosum 471
INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS,
THE LATTER BEING IN ITALICS.
PAGE PAGE
Aconiopteris Edgeworthit 84
gorgonea se dm 427 emarginatum 86
Acrophorus. see Leucostegia flabellulatum ... 88
Acropteris 145 hispidulum 86
Acrostichum Lanceum is 75
alctcorne ... 445 lunulatum 82.
aureum 440 var. Mettenii 83 4
contaminans 435 orbiculatum 75
COStATUM os 438 Parishii 82
deltigerum 438 pedatum ... 86
adichotomum 197 pleropus ... 83
fuctforme 447 rhizophorum 84
guercifolium 433 soboliferum 84
septentrionale 145 venustum 86
sorbifolium 443 | Allantodia |
subcrenatum 437 Brunoniana 197
terminans 437 javanica «. 195
undulatum 438 | Allosorus.
ULVENS mie 439 CYUSPUS ins 98
Wightianum ws. 426 gracilis 100
Actiniopteris Alsophila
dichotoma any 197 | © albo-setacea 16
vadiata 0 197 alternans 10
Adiantum Andersoni I2
Ethiopicum 84 Brunoniana Ke)
capillus-veneris 84 commutata 14
caudatum ‘ tae, 03 comosa 13
var. Edgeworthii ... 84 conmtaminaus wae a
var. soboliferum ... 84 crinita: ee veka
INDEX TO THE
SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
PAGE
glabra 14
glauca 12
Kingi adenda
latebrosa .. ui i
var. ptieliaidis ge LO
Oldhami ... 1%
ornata’ ... nae 30 12
Schmidiana. see latebrosa.
Scottiana. see Oldhami.
sguamulata wah 14
Amphicosmia
alternans... if)
Brunoniana 10
a 10
Walkere.. 9
Paonia
tomentosa 453
Wightiana 453
Angiopteris
evecta a. 460
Anisogonium
cordifolium IQI
esculentum bake 192
heterophlebium ... IQI
lineolatum lee IQI
Suithianum. | :... 192
Anogramma er 383
Antrophyum
coriaceum oe 4o1
latifolium... is 404
parvulum 403
plantagineum ... 403
reticulatum ciate 4ol
var. § parvulum 401
Semicorautum 4o1
Arthobotrys
macrocarpa “3 251
Aspidium
Alatum «+. 214
amabtle ...
appendiculatum ...
aristatum
QLVALUTIL o0
Brunonianum
calcaratum
CaNarlense
CONUTM ~ oes
cicutarium
ciltalumt ...
coadunatum
conttfoliume
crasstfolium
cucullatum
cuspidatum
decurrens
var. minor
densum ...
eberneum...
exaltatum
Suscipes
glandulosum
£ractlescens
Henkianum
heterocarpum
hirsutulum
hirtipes
Zier SUM
Lineatunt ws.
macrocarpum
marginatum
UAL. AYiNE ...
var. assamica ies
var. Hamiltoniana 230
eee
eee
membranaceum .
multicaudatum ..
multidentatum
multijugum
multilineatum
e
239, 252
484 INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
PAGE PAGE
obliguum ... ae hg a 2O4 biullatum Bh EO
OUSCHTUIL.. Fake pice 272 caudatum eee epg el
ochthodes ... ae +51 240 Corer ach. ae el OM
opposittum tes ssh 1255 contiguum foe piste Lae
pennigerum we ey) crinicaule ears srt? 50
pilosulum aie bea ae adecurrens is oe 152
polycarpum me 35 JOR aki ace’ cou lod
polymorphum ... Sao IS eberneume . : aos 17D a
prionophyllum ... cite | BE clongiteae A se 147)
pleropus ... oe ste ZNO ensiforme Bs: Vs) 141
puberulum aA rey erectumm ... ie ioe ep TAS
rhombotdeum seine 220 CXLIGUUM ... a -0 153 am
scabrosum an =. 264 falcatum vidi. ede CD
semibipinnatum ... Roe) EIS fontanum na vee ALG
Simonsii ... Ae Sisie (2G var. exiguum je TES
singaporianum ... Soa Ne formosum a a al 52
SOLULUT 00 ae et 2m furcatum ... ae BERD Ay
Spectosum... ey si 230 Gardneri ... sie nes:
subconfluens... soe tee BO Griffthianum ... asia
subaiaphanum ... he) BS heterocarpum ,., aie ae ala
subtriphyllum ... ase HOS hirtunags ere ah ose kA
syrmaticum ea shee i243 Flookertanutt .s. res) (O))5
CLOUT a We, wn 270 Javanicum se wre eho
variolosum £58 iat DMG laciniatum » we Age SE
vastum ... Boe fe OTe var. crinigerum ... 154
venulosum Ns ane, WQS 5, depauperatum 154
Wallichit ses od eZOoe lanceolatum ay J AEBS
Zollingerianum ... BS hai Ks) laserpitizfolium ... so) 059
¥ lobulosum at s+ 579 ae
Asplenium longifolium sins .. 179 am
ACUMINALUTIL — we ma 70 longissimum _.. sea
adiantum-nigrum Ssute le lunulatum oan occ gency
athine ¢ | Jere ave Pe SY) var. camptorachis... 148-
alternans ... se ‘oan AD 4 trapeziforme~ =. 240)
arttfolium a By UA: macrophyllum .., .. 4150.
rayobd habhany as nec sel at, LAG marginatum ... oe 185
Beddomet oe sieieguy SO monanthemum ... wore Ae
Belangeri Bee ssf ALOU multijugum — .
bulbiferum wai he ena USO nitidum ... a - 157 a
INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
485
PAGE
normale ... ome Sears bee
var. [3 a ran ad
paradoxum sits a |
pekinense Pe iat ESO
persicefolium ... ave
INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
bullata
calvescens
chinensts
Clarket
divaricata
elegans
epiphylla
Griffithiana fe
hymenophylloides
Lorrainei
ornata
parvula ...
pilosula ...
polyantha
puberula ,..
pulchra
pyramidata
Roxburghit
schizophylla
solida
speciosa ...
tenuifolia
trichomanoides
triphylla
Dennstezedtia
appendiculata
deltoidea
Elwesii
scabra
Diacalpe
aspidioides
foeniculacea
Dicksonia
scabra
Diclisodon
deparioides
Dictyocline
Griffithi2 ...
ATS
Dictyopteris
Barberi
chattagrammica
difformis
heterosora
trregularts
polycarpa
tenerifrons
Didymochlena
lunulata
polycarpa
Diplazium
asperum
GSSTMIDIE. 299
487
PAGE
298
300
302
300
359
298
199
201
184
190
189
177
189
186
180
187
186
386
177
190
180
190
174
180
187
187
179
179
187
189
175
178
184.
186
186
488
INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
Dip
polyrhizon
porrectum
Prescottianum
procerum
Schkuhrii
SCRRIMENSE
sorzogonense
speciosum
Stoliczkee
var. hirsutipes
subserratum
sylvaticum is
var. Prescottianum
thelypterotdes
Thwattestt
tomentosum
travancoricum <..
umbrosum
var. assimile
>> . australe
», multicaudatum
5» procerum
Zeylanicum
teris
Horsfieldii
Lobbiana
Wallichiana
182,
Doodia
dives
Drymoglossum
Beddomet
carnosum
piloselloides Soh
var. 2 Beddomei’...
‘Drynaria
conjugata
coronans...
adiverstfolia
Linnzi
PAGE
180
176
178
189
181
184
181
178
184
182
174
V7ah
178
184 |
180
179
188
180
190
189
190
189
175
336
336
334
137
413
All
All
413
339
338
344
343
mollis
propinqua
quercifolia
rigidula ...
splendens
Dryostachyum
Elaphoglossum
conforme
latifolium
laurtfolium
Norissli ...
piloselloides
spathulatum
squamosum
stelligerum
stigmatolepis ...
viscosum
Galeoglossa...
Gleichenia
circinata...
adichotoma
gigantea...
glauca
linearis
longissima —
Norrisii
semtvestita —
Goniophlebium amzenum ...
argutum ... bd
erythrocarpum ...
Hendersoni
lachnopous
microrhizoma
molle
subamznum
- subauriculatum ...
verrucosum
Goniopteris
lineata
2755 276
INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 489
PAGE PAGE
multilineata 275 Wallii 431
penangiana 276 | Haplopteris 408
prolifera 296 | Helminthostachys
urophylla 274 dulcis. see zeylanica
Grammitis zeylanica 467
aurita . 377 | Hemidictyum
Hamiltoniana ... 373 Ceterach 194
lanceolata 393 Finlaysonianum 195
Totta 377 | Hemionitis
vestita ... oe e307, arifolia 1) AT
Gymnogramme cordifolia mA
alismeefolia 389 Griffithil ... AI5
Andersoni 382 hastata, see arifolia
Hamiltoniana ... 390 , Hemitelea
_ javanica 300 decipiens 5 Jo. AO
leptophylla 382. Beddomet.seeCyathea spinulosa
microphylla 384 | Humata
obtusata 380 alpina 48
serrulata 386 angustata 47
vestita 387 heterophylla 46
Wallichi¢ 387 parallela 47
Gymnopteris pedata 48
axillaris 430 vestita 48
contaminans - 438 | Hymenolepis
decurrens. see variabilis spicata 432
flagellifera 483 | Hymenophyllum
Feet. see variabilis badium Be
lanceoalata 429 Blumeanum 32
metallica 432 ciliatum ... gis:
minus 430 crispatum 33
Presliana 439 denticulatum 34
quercifolia 432 var. flaccidum 35
spicata 432 emersum 30
subcrenata 437 extguum ag
subrepanda 434 exsertum 30
tricuspis ... 434 flaccidum a5
variabilis... eG) javanicum 32
var. (3 lanceolata... 429 var. badium 33
sy axillaris 430 | khastanum 35
A9O INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
PAGE
Levingii ... me wl oites "36
microglossum ... paaa Be
Neesli_... es sai eS
parvifolium ae: ae" ee
polyanthos ae becratl ei0)
var. Blumeanum ... 32
microglossum 32
5 minor Se
SimonstamuUiny. eee etn ase
SIMIt Te es a Beater | te
tenellum ... aa le oO
Tunbridgense ... icra, 35
fTypolepis
hostilis ue iy 20S
Kaulfussia
eesculifolia sce den WAOZ
ASSAMICA i Coat UAOe
Lastrea
ALimMiS =" |x. ne ares B28O.
alsophiloides ... std 8
amabilis ... ao leo
angustifrons... at 202
ApICIOKAyse eens: a eZ AO
AtiStata ter ao sb 229)
var. Hamiltoniz ... 230
barbigera ae ee 1246
Beddomei ue 230
Bergiana ae san 4239
Blumei ae sin 250
Boryana ae su ZOO
Brunoniana a sep 2AG
Buchanani see 586 SS
calcarata wid (ie 235
Var. Ciliatay ae. hae 205
» - talciloba Sie) 2.87
» sericea HAL237
cana 506 SUL Oana car -zetoy
Clarke? jus: Liss 250
cochleata. see Filix-mas.
concinna ...
coniifolia
crassifolia
crenata
cuspidata
deltoidea ...
deparioides
dissecta :
var. ingens...
aiwvisa
elongata. see Filix-mas.
Elwesii
ertocarpa
Fairbankii
Jalciloba
Fralconert
ferruginea
Filix-mas
var. apicifiora
», cochleata
5 elongata
» jfibrillosa
» marginata
», odontoloma
» panda...
», paralellogramma ~
9 Schimperiana
flaccida |
feniculacea
fuscipes
gractlescens
sracilescens “og.
var. decipiens
» hirsutipes
gracilis
STISCA = ise. aes
FTendersont
hirtipes; ie
immersa ,..
a ee ee eee ee a
i aa In!
a ae
INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
/
7ngens
intermedia
intermedia (Baker)
melanopus
membranitfolia ...
microstegia
nephrodioides
Nidus
obtustloba:
octhodes ,
merpotylodes ..:
odontoloma
Parishii
patentissima
platypus ...
pulvinulifera
recedens
rhodolepis
rigida
sagentoides
scabrosa ...
SErICER
SELLZCETA we
setosa. see Cystopteris
sikkimensis
sparsa sek
‘var. deltoide
5» gracilis
5, latesguama
5» minor
5, nitidula
»» obtussissima ..
» sguamulosa
» undulata
f zeylanica
spectabtlis
spectabilis
spinulosa
var. remota...
PAGE
261
250 |
260
243
261
292
238
250
264
240
240
248
259
249
230
255
260
260
251
243
263
235
267
259
252
254
207
255
254
254
254
255
254
254
244
257
252
252
splendens
syrmatica
tenericaulis
Thelypteris
Thwaitesii
tylodes
undulata
viscosa
Walkere...
0 bipinnata
B macrocarpa
Y pinnatifida
Leptochtlus. see Gymnopteris.
Leptogramme
aurita a
~ var. Levingil
obtusata ...
opaca
Totta
Leucostegia
afjints
assamica
dareceformts
Hookeri
hymenophylla
hymenophylloides
immersa :
membranulosa ...
multidentata
nodosa
parvula ;
pseudo-cystopteris
pulchra
Lindsaya
caudata
cultrata
divergens
fiabellulata
heterophylla
\ | we B -
; :
492 ~ INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 7
a ‘i
PAGE PAGE 4
ancea” iin sks ye een oS longifolium ihe se, a
lanuginosa ate ter Ar) : microphyllum ... ee eAtee i
Lobbiana ... at oy ae ' pinnatifidum ... Sag, i
[LLCS van Pe ee oO) pedatum bee 8455 :
orbiculata So jects HS polystachyum ey j
var, tenera ... ced) angi scandens oe as, 455°
pectinata ... a uo 74. | Marattia fraximea ye axl 460 :
KEDEWS) ase bts .. 74 | Matonia pectinata ... eS Lo
var. Minor -)% we 74 1 Mentgeium 4
rigida one ees ae 75 cuspidatum ane ae 400 ¥
scandens a eae) deltigerum ie wate ABS |
trapeziformis ... bee 75 longifrons ie cert AO :
Walkera bes et 76 Parishit ... an a 300. ae
Litobrochia salicifolium Si ag 9c)
OUTM A on. “oF soe 122 Thwaitesii ae a0 2309
InCiSaw jee: ats Au / E20 triphyllum au wk 807
TUACHS, Vi. a7 e120 var. Parishii ..« (309)
marginata | ee _.. 122 | Mertensia. see Gleichenia q
pedata ee _.. 120 | Mesochlcena
tripartita cor ee esan yee polycarpa sa a Ocean
Lomaria Microlepia
adnata ... wee ca aloe flaccida ae jc oe
CLONZALA w+ Seg ear ah25 Vib awe ee fs Oe
euphlebta ge ie (ae 2O) Hookeriana... jar Oe
glauca et Bae 1 Kurzii ... ye “66
Limonitfolia sia fe 8428 majuscula wen .tete pO
Patersoni ad vie 125 marginalis te seh 108
pycnophylla seis Bf CAR) var. calvesc@ns: 252904
scandens wrk vis NAB pinnata A gan Oe
Lomariopsts «+. re Ce ee platyphylla ag ond epOGl
Loxogramme polypodioides ... +» 68
Avena |) ts.. ae i 398 PYOXLINGA «+ me POOR
involuta vas sade OS: pleropus .«.. ce son
lanceolata oe sai © BQ2 rhombotdea “s- - 68
Lygodium scabra sa
circinnatum ons So MAGS: ois speluncee se Be ar
dichotomum i oe 255 var. hirta ... ons) 8
flexuosum os sy aay strigosa ... ae ia
japonicum gu eel WAS urophylla see ane OF
le Me
7
INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 493
PAGE PAGE
Monogramme Otatian "... We sa Doy,
Junghuhnit ah 375 parasiticum ae eee (278
paradoxa ne me 375 pennigerum _..... 20
Nephrodium var. multilineatum 277
abortivum Las boee 277 procurrens ote He 278
abruptum ae soe QT prolixum wee Me 5240
amboinense ane faa 278 Dropinguun ee we 1 EZOO
Arbuscula Bue fee 2710 pteroides 580 et) 20G
aridum ... Sie ae 272 punctatum sae ine 270
artinexum Retake wes.) DDT. | simulans ae Lie
brachyodon hs ant 200 Singaporianum ... bee aoe
costatum eee boa als lerminans ee sa 7200
crinipes ae Be 270 truncatum sae seal 200
cucullatum ane Sa) 270 unitum aise 208, 272
cuspidatum ee eta 2 32 urophyllum Roe wat eo
adidymosoruiut ... be O78 vartolosum ae asters AG
elatum Me Soule Wightz ... aioe age AIMS
CUSOYTUM o. on we 280 Zollingerianum... ee RO
extensum i ces 209) | ephrolepis
var. microsorum ... 270 acuta 1) sa pe ie, Coq
5) MINOr ... 278 biserrata ,.. Sas La DOA
Jalcilobum cordifolia a an 22
var. pubera... Spas ego) exaltata ... ee ral 2O2
PEGOX cs se en 127.9 obliterata tk a 205
glandulosum _... Bee O/7S ramosa .., wee we 204
var. l@te-strigosa ... 277 ZuUberosa ... ee See) Oo
Griffithi? ave eer 222 volubilis ... wise een Od
Zmmersumt Si) ose § 235°, Naphobolus
zmgens. see Lastrea dissecta acrostichoides ... ey)
javanicum aa ee, ZO] adnascens ake Reh 1SI5
lineatum ... Aes ee e7TA angustatus ov eee eG
Microsorum _... 7 © Boothii Ba 5 4622388
molle . ... an a aa7 Costatus ... oe dott 2320
var. amboinense ... 278 detergibilis me ss IB
», aureum S70 fissus? =... ts. ae)
4 didymosorum ,..° 279 floccigerus sa se won
i MulijucuM ... 279 flocculosus aH nae OO
te LTOCUTT EUS. (2... 278 Gardneri se hier OU
moulmeinense ... Rene 7A" Heteractis “ails Sai, BOY,
jaintensts
laevis
Lingua ws.
nummularizfolius
pannosus
penangianus
porosus
Schmidianus
Spherocephalus ...
stigmosus
subfurfuraceus ...
Niphopsts ws.
Nothochlena ...
Notholcena
lanuginosa
Marantz
vellea
Odontoloma
repens
Oleandra
Cumingii
musefolia
nerliformis
Wallichil
Onoclea
ortentalts
Onychium
auratum
japonicum
var. ztermedtia
», multedentata ...
Ophioglossum
brevipes ...
coratfolium
fibrosum ...
nudicaule
parvifolium
_ pendulum
reticulatum
a
PAGE
327
325
327, 328
324
328
332
330
88!
353
328
329
353
375
615
373
e735
74
vulgatum
Wighti2 ...
Ornithopteris ...
Osmunda
Claytoniana
javanica
Leschenaultii. see regalis
regalisy jee. ah
Virginiana
Zeylanica...
Patania
appendiculata ee
Etlwesit ...
Pellza
Boivini
calomelanos
concolor
falcata
géranitfolia
LV ACHES ae
nitidula
Stelleri
Tamburil
Peranema
cyatheoides °
Phegopteris
auriculata
davalliotdes
distans
Dryopteris
erubescens
ornata
pallida
polycarpa...
punctata ...
VECEALNS 0.
Robertiana
var. glabrata
>) INO Ree
494. INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
°
¥%
PAGE
464
465
115
44y
447
450
471
467
26.
26
102
104
100
102
IOI
100
IOI
Io!
INDEX TO THE
Phegopteris
rufescens...
TUZULOSA oe
Scotti
subdigitata
vulgaris ..
Photinopteris
drynarioides
rigida
Phymatodes.
Plagiogyria
adnata
euphlebia
glauca
pycnophylla i
triquetra. see euphlebia
Platycerium
biforme ...
grande
Wallichii...
Platyloma
Jalcata
Pleocnemia
GQHIStQIA ...
Clarkei
gigantea ...
leuzeana ...
membranacea
membranifolia ...
Thwaitesii
imimeni ...
Pleopeltis
accedens...
angustata ie
var. depauperata ...
capitellata
clathrata ...
crytolobum
dilatata
see Pleopeltis.
SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
PAGE
293
295
289
295
290
442
442
127)
129
127
129
445
445
445
104
268
227,
224
228
225
225
223
224
345
351
351
370
348
363
367
ebenipes ...
var. Oakesiz
a EAT ESTE
Griffithiana
hastata
hemionitidea
heterocarpa
himalayensis
Incurvata...
insignis
zrtordes
juglandifolia
var. tenuicauda
lanceolata
Lehmanni
leiorhiza...
lepidota ...
linearis ‘
var. steniste
longifolia...
longissima
MACYOSOYA
malacodon
var. 3 majus
membranacea
muszfolia
nigrescens
normalis ...
nuda
ovata
palmata ...
Parishiz ...
phymatodes
pteropus
VAT. IMINO os:
ay ZOStereerOrimils 6
punctata ...
rhyncophylla
rostrata ...
495
PAGE
363
364
364
354
362
358
357
370
364
305
357
368
370
351
370
372
351
346
347
349
366
353
363
363
355
358
367
353
347
354
368
341
366
359
361
362
357
353
345
496 INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
PAGE PAGE :
sumplex 3: 347 comugatum dae Speen SG F
sinuosa 349 contiguumt ae a) 350 an
stenophylla 348 cordtfoliume 4, HO!
Stewarti2,.. 363 cornigerum a NeoXic ov, :
superficialis 351 costatum... ake sieh i :
trifida 362 crenatum ae ee
Wightiana 347 cucullatum ae enta, SOF
Zippellii ... 357 dareeeforme .., Peet ts ;
Zostereformis 362 decorum ... aN shin GLO 3
Pecilopteris dentigerum ise aw. 169
Blumeana A35 Dipteris .. fet 336 |
costata 438 distans. see Phesoprene ) .
flagellifera 433 Dryopterts |
flookeriana 437 elongatum
Presliana 440 » ellipticum
prolifera ... 437 erubescens
VEPANAA «.. 435 exaltatum
semticoraata 435 excavatum
Polybotrya filix-mas
appendiculata 424 Sragrans ... ag bse
var. manlenilola 424 Surfuraceum
5 costulata 426 fuscatum...
» Hamiltoniana,.. 424 glabrum
Fe MATOI 4. 424 gladiatum
5» subintegra 427 glandulosum
asplenitfolia 426 LlAUCUM «..
Helferiana 426 grandifolium ...
pep podiumn Grevilleanum
acutisstimum 346 Griffithiz ...
adnascens 325 harpophyllum
adnatum ... 292 hastatum...
alterntfolium Ae & 367 heterocarpum
appendiculatum ... 290 hirtellum...
argutum... 323 hirtum
auriculatum 203 & 290 jaintense ...
Beddomet tea khasyanum
bifurcatum 338 lanceolatum
brunneum 292 lastosorum
conitfolium 296 | lepidota ...
INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
lineare (Linn.) ...
. ) °
lineare var. |? simplex ...
Linnet
Lonchitis
longifrons.
longipes ...
loriforme ... te
marginale
mediale ...
MIiNULUM «4
multilineatum ...
mysUurense
migrocarpum
normale ...
nummulariefolium
obliquatum
ODSCUYUML.. ane
ornatum ...
ovatum ste
oxylobum - ae
baludosum
palustre ...
parasiticum ee
parasiticum
var. pilostusculum...
parvulum e-
penangianum
pertusum
Phegopteris
polycephalum
POKOSUM we eae
PIATOLACS so. vis
guercifolium
repandulum
vivale
hobertianum
i WUSESCENS ~~.
rugosulum
rugulosum
oo
Russellianum
Semtibipinnatum ...
SErVa
sesquipedale
sessilifolium
Stmplex ss oe
SPELUNCE 0. aoe
spherocephalum
subconfiuens
subdigitatum ...
subevenosum
subfalcatum
subtripinnatun. ...
superficiale
tenericaule
Thwaitesii
trichomanoides...
tridactylon
UNLLUML §oe50
venustum
verrucosum Be
viltartoides ae
Walkere
Wallii
Wighttanum
Zeylanicum ove
Polystichum aculeatum
var. anomalum
» angulare
, biaristatum
5, lobatum
» mucronifolium ..
», rufo-barbatum...
5, simifertile
5) setosum
» travancorium ...
amabtle.
aristatum.
see Lastrea
see Lastrea
209
209
209
var. affine. see Lastrea
LY
/
498 INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.
PAGE PAGE
auriculatum .. AerViZO Dalhousiz —«.. -- IO
var. ccespitosum ... 204 ? ensiformis ove see 107
» lentum .. sRZOge. | _ var. Grevilleanayy..;. - 108
» marginatum ... 204 excelsa ... coe er d TA.
» subpinnatum ... 204 geminata... on pacel ES
Atkinsoni wie Sth 2O3 geranifolia Lae -s- IOT
brachypterum .... sa PRO) EVUCUIS wee ae --- 100
contifolium. see Lastrea Grevilleana = +. ws |‘ I12
cespitosum ae woo Griffith 2 eee wai TOS q
feniculaceum .. .. 18 | . heteromorpha ... .. 106 3
ilicifolium ase Mateos Hookeriana =... sss ‘107
lachenense Ae sel 208 longifolia vee s+ 106 :
Lonchitis .. ae ie 208 longipes ... see vee TTS |
obliquum ... ee sr aZO4 longipinnula... vee T12 |
Prescottianum *=.: Se welO ludens ws ote 111,120
var. Bakerianum ... 210 marginala tee oe 122 §
» castaneum ... 210 nemoralts.. see Campteria i
semicordatum at. . :)acye2ol biaurita
szRR1mense ae Lary 5O NULAUWIG on arae aia LOM
sizmulans cist: UNE GA OO OLATLA nas tee eb OnE
Thomsoni bee nt Z2eo patens\ 2. oe woah pat
var. gracilis...
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