Ex Libris Quos INSTITUTION! SMITHSONIANAE Anno MCMY Donavit Accesio N. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA. a SWZ, i AT CAYTSUIROOCNES. ADIANTUM HISPIDULUM. (Sw.) a i a i \ BAZ HANDBOOK TO THE “FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA. CEYLON AND THE MALAY PENINSULA. Late Conservator of Forests, Ma Author of “ The Ferns of British India,” ‘* The Ferns of Southern India,’’ “The Flora Sylvatica of Southern India,” &c., &c. WITH THREE HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS. . CALCUTTA : TAACKER, “SPINK, AND: Co. _ Bompay: THACKER & Co., Lim.; Mapras: HIGGINGBOTHAM & Co.: Lonpon :. W. THACKER & Co. 1883. “3 s , i = *y , . it : & , ‘Gon ; 7 i 2 = ' ¥ F ‘ = ‘ ; ' 4 Se b ; = a — ’ M 5 4 bf = “ as r A Z 1 j ‘ 5 : . " > i} . e * oe Th Fi Lonpon: “ ng ig fe ah « : A “ie WILLIAM RIDER AND SON, PRINTERS. BARTHOLOMEW CLOSE, . e * t. 9 mn 2 i ana? “ . f “ - / ’ er \ : u ; J . : ‘ , e i E { “3 © , ; { rhircy: . ie : - « : ae? 3 - 2 ‘ y ! - = . \ See J SN ne ; ak DOE | h \ a J Z ' / ea i Cee HIS handbook is a digest of the information on Indian ems. contained in Sir W:Hooker's “Species. Filicum,* the “Synopsis Filicum,” Mr. J. Smith’s “ Historia Filicum,” also of Mr. Clarke’s ‘Ferns of Northern India,” and of the author’s works, “‘The Ferns of Southern India” and “ The Ferns of British India.” The author's former works were compiled in India, without access to libraries or to any herbarium with typical specimens. He has now had the advantage of going thoroughly through the Wallichian ferns at the Linnean, the large collections at Kew and in he British Museum, and of comparing his own collections with typical forms ; he is, besides, indebted for much assistance to Messrs. Baker and Clarke, especially in the determination of all Critical forms, so that he has been able, he believes, to clear up many doubts and to correct manv errors. Vi PREFACE. The generic nomenclature is, with few exceptions, that of the “Synopsis Filicum,” but the sub-genera have been raised to the rank of genera; this avoids the inconvenience of double generic names, and may be admitted on this score even by those who do not consider the wide difference in habit of such genera as Phegopteris, Polypodium, Pleopeltis, and Drynaria of any value generically, and who base their genera on the sori alone, without reference to habit, vena-- tion, or vernation. The geographical limits of the work comprise the whole of British India, Ceylon and the Malay Peninsula. WEST HILL, PUTNEY, May, 1833. ISSA MONA lich ORDERS, TRIBES, AND GENERA OF FERNS me FOLLOWED IN THIS WORK. [oR DER HILICES. SUB-ORDER I.—GLEICHENIACE, GENUS. PaGE. Capsules opening vertically, surrounded by a broad transverse complete ring : : ; ost .GUPICHE NTA | 0 aiez SUB-ORDER II.—POLYPODIACEAZ. Capsules surrounded by a jointed, vertical and elastic ring. A. INVOLUCRATA. Sort with an industum, except in Alsophila. @RISE I.—CYATHEA. Sori globose, capsules sessile or stalked, often on , a raised receptacle. Indusium (wanting in Alsophila) inferior, including the sorus, lateral and resembling a scale, or cup-shaped, often when young enveloping the sorus, eventually opening at the summit, or breaking down with a more or less regular nen caudex generally arborescent. Receptacle elevated, indusium globose, inferior, quite covering the sorus when young, : é a2) CYATIOR Ate oie ass Indusium a cup-like scale below the sorus, but never quite covering it, veins free . ; : ~ g AMPHICOSMIA so. 7s Indusium none i : : : : ; . 4 ALSOPHILA Teil Receptacles not elevated, indusium inferior globose . 5 DIACALPE . ars Indusium umbrella-shaped, six-lobed , : - (6 MATONIA . Pree Vill TABLE OF THE GENERA OF FERNS. TRIBE II.—DICKSONIEZE. Sorl globose, indusium inferior, subglobose, free, sometimes covering the whole sorus, closed, at length bursting irregularly, more frequently cup-shaped entire or with two lips. Fertile fronds contracted with revolute margins, indusium hemispherical, very fugacious or wanting, veins free Indusium thin, subglobose, open at the top and laciniate Indusium medial on a vein, thick globose pedicellate, bursting into two lips Indusium apical on a vein, two-valved Indusium apical on a vein, cup-shaped TRIBE IT]L.—HYMENOPHYLLELU1. Filmy ferns, indusium inferior, apical on a vein, two-lipped or tubular. Indusium more or less two-lipped Indusium tubular, the mouth truncate or slightly two- lipped . TRIBE IV.—DAVALLIE#. Indusium squamiform, suborbicular or tubular, open at the apex, fastened broadly at the base, and sometimes at the sides. ‘Indusium apical on a vein, suborbicular coriaceous, attached by a broad base, the sides free. Indusium as in Humata, but thin and smaller and narrower Indusium a subcylindric cyst formed of the substance of the frond, apical on the veins Indusium apical, tubular, attached by the base and sides Indusium apical, half cup-shaped, attached by the base and sides GENUS. Pace. 7 STRUTHIOPTERIS 8 WoopDsIiA Qg PERANEMA. 10 CIBOTIUM 11 DENNSTADTIA 12 HYMENOPHYLLUM 13 TRICHOMANES 14 HUMATA 15 LEUCOSTEGIA . 16 PROSAPTIA . 17 DAVALLIA . 18. MICROLEPIA 20 28 46 48 56 58 62 TABLE OF THE GENERA OF FERNS. Indusium apical, compound, suborbicular, only open at the top : Indusium medial on a vein membranaceous, hood- like , TRIBE V.—LINDSAYE“. a Indusium apical on the veins, in a continuous or interrupted line, the outer valve being the margin of the frond, the inner membranaceous. Veins free Veins anastomosirg . TRIBE VI.—PTERIDEZ. Indusium oblong or linear, formed of the more or less changed and reflexed margin of the frond, open- ing inwardly. Indusium globose to linear usually many and distinct, sometimes confluent and continuous, bearing the capsules on its under side, veins free Indusium roundish and distinct, or more or less con- fluent but not continuous, capsules on the frond. Indusium as in Pteris, the ultimate segments of fronds small and very narrow . As in Pellzea, but fronds dimorphic Indusium quite continuous, sori at first dot-like, but soon running into a line Indusium quite continuous, sori linear continuous, occupying a slender filiform receptacle in the axis of the indusium, veins free As in Pteris, but lowest veins meeting and forming an arch : i 3 : As in Pteris, but veins all anastomosing without free included veinlets . ‘ E As in -Pteris, but veins all anastomosing with some free included veinlets GENUS. 19 STENOLOMA 20 CYSTOPTERIS 21 LINDSAYA. 22 SCHIZOLOMA 23 ADIANTUM 24 CHEILANTHES 25 ONYCHIUM 26 CRYPFOGRAMME 27 PELLAZA 28 PTrERIS 29 CAMPTERIA 30 DORYOPTERIS 31 LITOBROCHIA PAGE. , 92 77 104 116 120 - 120 x TABLE OF THE GENERA OF FERNS. GENUS. PaGE. Anomalous. } : cones : i . 32 CERATOPTERIS an E23 Inudusium continuous, sori linear, continuous, covering all or nearly all the space between the midrib and margin, fronds dimorphous, capsule ring vertical . 33 LOMARIA . - 125 As in Lomaria, but capsule ring oblique . ; . 34 PLAGIOGYRIA . 127 TRIBE VII.—BLECHNE:. Indusium linear or oblong parallel with the midrib and opening towards it, not near the margin. Indusium membranaceous, distinct from the margin of the frond, parallel with and usually contiguous to the midrib, veins free . : : ; ; . 35 BLECHNUM eo As in Blechnum, only veins anastomosing ; . 36 BLECHNIDIUM . 133 Indusium linear-oblong, thick, in single rows parallel with and near the midrib, sori sunk in cavities - 37 WoOODWARDIA . 135 Indusium lunate, thin, in one or more rows, parallel with and near the midrib, sori not sunk A .. 33 Doon : anes TRIBE VIII.—ASPLENIE/!. Indusium linear or oblong or horseshoe-shaped, opening towards the midrib, sometimes double, sori attached to the veins. Indusium linear, single, veins free, their apices com- bined by a transverse marginal vein : : . 39 THAMNOPTERIS . 137 Indusium linear or oblong single, veins free. . 40 ASPLENIUM >) ee As in Asplenium, but indusium more or less curved . 41 ATHYRIUM » Lon As in Asplenium, but indusium double. Q . 42 DIPLAZIUM EA Asin Diplazium, but veins anastomosing . : . 43 ANISOGONIUM _. IOI Asin Asplenium, but veins anastomosing obliquely only towards margin of frond ‘ : ‘ . 44 HEMIDICTYUM . 194 Indusium sausage-shaped, veins anastomosing and forming elongated areoles’. ; ; : . 45 ALLANTODIA . 195 Indusium linew elongated, submarginal, fronds fan- likes S %. : : ‘ ; : : : . 46 ACTINIOPTERIS » 1G7 I TABLE OF THE GENERA OF FERNS. TRIBE IX.—ASPIDIE. Indusium superior, elliptical, subglobose or reni- form fixed either by the centre or a sinus. Indusium elliptical, emarginate at the base, attached longitudinally to the linear receptacle, veins free Indusium of Didymochlzna habit, and venation of Nephrodium Indusium orbicular, veins free . Indusium orbicular, veins generally anastomosing acutely with free veinlets from their junction . Indusium peltate orbicular, or reniform, veins co- piously anastomosing with free included veinlets Indusium reniform, veins only slightly anastomosing . Indusium reniform, veins free Indusium reniform, one or more of the lower veinlets anastomosing with the corresponding one of the next group As in Lastrea, but always simply pinnate, the pinnz articulated and furnished with white dots above As in Lastrea, but wide creeping and scandent with jointed stems and entire fronds B. EXINVOLUCRATA. —Sov2 without an indusiun. TRIBE X.—POLYPODIE:. Sori on the back of the lobes, round or rarely somewhat oblong. Stipes continuous with the caudex, habit of Lastrea, veins free Stipes continuous with caudex, venation and habit of Nephrodium Stipes continuous with caudex, venation and habit of Aspidium Stipes articulated with caudex, veins fiee . Veins forming regular areoles, the lower one or more with a free included soriferous veinlet GENUS. 47 DIDYMOCHLANA 48 MESOCHLZANA 49 POLYSTICHUM 50 CyRTOMIUM 51 ASPIDIUM 52 PLEOCNEMIA 53 LASTREA 54 NEPHRODIUM 55 NEPHROLEPIS 56 OLEANDRA 57 PHEGOPTERIS 58 GONIOPTERIS 59 DICTYOPTERIS 60 POLYPODIUM 61 GONIOPHLEBIUM x1 PAGE. 199 - 199 . 201 Bb Zael . 288 316 Xi TABLE OF THE GENERA OF FERNS. Areoles copious, each with two or more sori, fronds always simple and woolly beneath . Fronds flabellate in two halves, veins copiously anas- tomosing Fronds either with the base oak-leaf-like, or with separate sterile oak-leaf-like small fronds Fronds various, veins copiously anastomosing with free included veinlets TRIBE XI.—GRAMMITIDE/‘. Sori on the back of the lobes more than twice as long as broad, usually linear. As in Cheilanthes, but without an indusium, sori though oblong or roundish at first, soon confluent into a continuous line Sori linear, close to midrib on both sides, fronds grass-like Sori linear or linear-oblong, otherwise as in Phegop- teris . As in Nephrodium, but sori linear Habit of Cheilanthes, sori linear, veins free Habit of Polypodium, sori linear, veins generally united by transverse veinlets near margin As in Pleopeltis, with copiously anastomosing veins, sori linear, stipes articulate with caudex As in Selliguea, but stipes not articulate and fronds leathery Anomalous, veins arcuately anastomosing at the base, forming costal areoles . 9 : ; : As in Goniopteris, but sori elongated or confluent Sori carried along the veins imperfectly articulated, fronds simple Grass-like ferns, sori in continuous marginal lines, vems free ; : : : , : GENUS. PaGe. 62 NIPHOBOLUS 324 63 DIPTERIS 334 64 DRYNARIA. 338 65 PLEOPELTIS 344 66 NOTHOLZNA . 373 67 MONOGRAMME 375 68 LEPTOGRAMME . 377 69 STEGNOGRAMME, 380 70 GYMNOGRAMME. 380 71 SYNGRAMME 384 72 SELLIGUEA . 389 73 LOXOGRAMME 392 74 BRAINEA 395 75 MENISCIUM 397 76 ANTROPHYUM . 40I 77 VITTARIA » 404 ' TABLE OF THE GENERA OF Sori in a continuous linear, or interrupted central or submarginal line, veins reticulated, fronds pinnate . As in Tenitis, but fronds simple and dimorphous Veins copiously reticulated and completely soriferous. TRIBE XII.—ACROSTICHE. Sori not confined to the veins, but spread entirely over the frond beneath. Fronds simple, veins free . Fronds pinnate, Lomaria-like, veins all simple or sometimes arcuate at the base ; scandent ferns Fronds pinnate, not Lomaria-Jike, veinsall simple ; not scandent Similar to Elaphoglossum, but with a connecting vein running round the margin Veins copiously anastomosing with free included veinlets Veins copiously anastomosing without free included veinlets. Sea-coast fern : : : ; Drynaria-like fronds, pinne articulated, but stipe adherent to caudex Fronds with stag’s-horn-like divisions, vernation articulate, sori in large patches only on the fertile fronds . SUB-ORDER III.—OSMUNDACEZ., Capsules two-valved, opening across the apex, furnished with a short horizontal ring SUB-ORDER IV.—SCHIZ AACE. Capsule two-valved, opening down the side, crowned by a complete operculiform ring. Capsules sessile in 2-4 rows on one side of close spikes . FERNS. GENUS. 78 TANITIS 79 DRYMOGLOSSUM . 80 HEMIONITIS STENOCHLANA POLYBOTRYA ACONIOPTERIS 85 GYMNOPTERIS 86 ACROSTICHUM 87 88 PLATYCERIUM 89 OSMUNDA . 90 SCHIZFA ELAPHOGLOSSUM. PHOTINOPTERIS. 416 Aen - 424 » 429 » 429 . 440 442 - 444 - 447 . 452 XIV TABLE OF THE GENERA OF FERRE Capsules smooth, very abundant in a_ branched panicle Capsules solitary in the axils of large imbricated clasping involucres ; scandent SUB-ORDER V.—MARATTIACEZ., Capsule opening by a slit down cne side or a pore at the apex, without a ring. Capsules sessile, very close together, but not concrete Capsules concrete, in bcat-shaped spore-cases Capsules concrete in raised circular masses which are hollow in the centre SUB-ORDER VI.—OPHIOGLOSSACES#. Capsules deeply two-valved, opening down the side nearly to the base, without a ring. Capsules sessile in two rows on a narrow close spike. Capsules in small crested clusters forming a loose spike Capsules in two rows on the face of spikes which form a compound panicle GENUS. o1 ANEMIA 92 Lycopium . 03 ANGIOPTERIS 94 MARATTIA 95 KAULFUSSIA 96 OPHIOGLOSSUM . 97 IITELMINTHO- STACHYS 98 BOTRYCHIUM - 458 . 460 » AO2 . 469 NE 296. of — + SNF 7 “Y ~~ = "efi ’ Lig Sha biced be real alee “Ns S J. Se tg KN : AN . \ ROO Ne Ui, (yey Wi i Ne NOs ine Ne , BERN v - KE y ( ly, Gy YZ 5 | | Uf SIP Se LORS (2 \ \ AWNENKARNN INNS i \ \\ VAAN \\) Why WANS WWI ny yx SS BAVENY) INK NN WN GLEICHENIA GLAUCA. (/ook.) N° 257. bb AEG 2. ox Sf oe si Les Be Yor eee: ALMA - — ree XM SIL) Ll | SS ZLLLAz LIN LL. CYATHEA HOOKERI, (ZAw.) \ Ee NDBOOK. TO. THE FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA, CEYLON, AND THE fexaieeyY oPENINS W@LA. Oe ne Stop ER FILICES. APSULES (sporangia) one-celled, usually membranaceous and dorsal (on the back of the frond), or marginal, encircled by a complete or incomplete, jointed, elastic ring, collected in clusters (sori) of a definite but varied form, with or without a covering (indu- slum) or panicled or spicate, rarely laxly scattered; or the capsules have the ring obsolete, or none, or the ring is confined to the apex of the capsule, where it forms a longitudinally striated crown, bursting vertically ; or the capsules are sunk in a many-celled, fleshy or corky receptacle of varied forms, opening by pores or clefts on the upper surface ; spores minute, various in form; vernation generally circi- nate, rarely erect. SUB-ORDER I.—GLEICHENIACEZ. Sori dorsal; of few (2-10) capsules ; capsules opening vertically - surrounded by a broad, transverse, complete ring; indusium none ; caudex generally creeping ; stipes often dichotomous ; fronds rigid, generally large, and dichotomously branched, frequently bearing axillary buds ; vernation circinate. 2 Ae FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. GENUS IL—GLEICHENIA. (Swmith.) (In honour of Gleichen, a German botanist). Sori of few sessile capsules, situated on a lower exterior veinlet ; caudex generally creeping ; frond rarely unbranched, generally dichotomously divided, often proliferous from the axils of the forks ; pinnz deeply pinnatifid, with the segments small and concave, sub- orbicular, or pectinate with elongated lobes. § Sori solitary at the apex of a veinlet. 1. GLEICHENIA CIRCINATA. (Sw.) Fronds dichotomous, divari- cated, lobes of the pinnules bead-like, ovate, or subrotund, the margins slightly recurved; capsules 3-4; branches and rachis glabrous, or more or less scaly. edd. F. B. J. t. 177, as semivestita abil. 2fo0k,.Sp. Fil. p. 2i. Malacca. (Also in Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and New Caledonia.) § Sori near the middle, or at the forking, of the veinlets. 2. GLEICHENIA GLAUCA. (//ook.) A large straggling fern many feet long; stipes stout forked; primary pinnz opposite, secondary pinne alternate, close, 6-8 inches long by 1-2 broad, lanceolate, acuminate, pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, the segments or pinnules oblong-lanceolate, but obtuse, more or less glaucous beneath, glabrous or tomentose, and paleaceous on the stipes and rachis ; capsules 3-5, often mixed with hairs. edd. 7. Bias gigantea Wallich. G. longissima, 4/7. Hook. Sp. Fil. p. 12. G. gigantea, Wall. Cat. Polypodium glaucum, Zhunb. Fl. Jap. 338, which is the oldest specific name. | Bhotan and Sikkim, alt. 4,500-7,500 feet. Very common about Darjeeling, Khasya, 3,500-5,000. Common in Nepal, Malay Peninsula. (Also in China, Japan, the Malay Islands, Sandwich Islands, Tropical Australia, Polynesia, West Indies, and Tropical America.) 3. GLEICHENIA Norrisil. (A@ez¢.) Branches of the frond one- jugate, oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 feet long, pinnz lanceolate, the lower distinctly stalked, spreading, 6-9 inches long, cut down to a narrow > AQAA nie Cee AT TEN oe A & AN cue oe i) Ls SRS) Y i i, AL TR pe SS ( A Av RAN ee ANN) TY WY) “ So af Af iy 'Y IL ’ 3 - Lac CATTELL RCSENG. i me a a pe re ee ) Burm. ( GLEICHENIA LINEARIS / yh FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. wing into close entire ligulate blunt segments, upper gradually smaller, reflexed ; texture subcoriaceous, both surfaces glabrous, the lower green or glaucous; veinlets once forked ; sori medial, 12-20 to asegment. edd. F. B. 1. -4..348. Look. Spi Fl po ae Malacca. 4. GLEICHENIA LINEARIS (Burm, under Polypodium). Stipes zigzag, repeatedly di- or trichotomous, the ultimate branches bearing a pair of forked pinnz ; a distinct pair of pinnee also arises from the base of the forked branches, pinnules usually glaucous beneath, usually entire with recurved margins, texture hard, veinlets usually three- branched from the base, the centre one being often forked or pinnate. Bedd-F. S. I. ¢. 74, as dichotoma. Gl. dichotoma, W7//d. flvok. Sp. Fil. p. 15. Polypodium lineare, Burm. Fal, Ind. 235, 7.67, fig. 2, oldest specific name. ‘This fern has long been known under the name of dichotoma, which, however, must be dropped, as there is an older specific name. Mountains of southern India and Ceylon, up to 6,000 feet, Sikkim, Bhotan, Nepal, Kumaon, Khasya, &c., up to 5,000 feet. Malay Peninsula. (Also in Japan, Tropical Australia, America, Polynesia. ) SUB-ORDER II.—POLYPODIACEE. Sori dorsal or marginal, subglobose, of many capsules, with or without an indusium, usually pedicellate, more or less completely surrounded with a jointed vertical and elastic ring, and bursting transversely (except in Hymenophyllez). A.—INVOLUCRAT#&.—Sori furnished with an indusium (except in Alsophila), Tribes Cyatheze to Aspidiez. TRIBE I.—_CYATHE. Sori dorsal, globose, often at or near the forking of a vein; capsules numerous, often very compact sessile or stalked, generally on an elevated receptacle, often mixed with hairs, obovate usually with a broad, vertical, or sub-oblique elastic ring ; indusium (none in FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 5 Alsophila) inferior, including the sorus, lateral and resembling a scale on the under side of the sorus, or cup-shaped, often when young en- veloping the sorus, eventually opening at the summit, or breaking down with a more or less regular margin ; caudex very often arborescent. GENUS II.—CYATHEA. (Smith.) (Kyathos, a cup——the form of indusium.) Soul on a vein, or in the axil of the forking of a vein, receptacle elevated, globose, or elongated ; indusium globose inferior, cov- ering the whole sorus, after- wards breaking at the summit, and forming a more or less persistent cup, even or irregu- lar, at the margin; generally arborescent ; stipes often acu- leated; fronds simple, pinnate, or decompoundly pinnate. * Fronds undivided. t. CYATHEA SINUATA. (/Zook. wa Grey.) Caridex erect, 2-4 ft. long, about 1 inch in diame- ter; frond simple, 2-3 ft.long, 124 inches wide, elongate-lan- ceolate, sinuate, acuminate, ta- pering at the base; veins pin- nate; veinlets soriferous near middle. edd. F. Sv l. t. 259 ; CYATHEA SINUATA. (Zook.) look. Sp. Fil. p. 16. Ceylon, in the Singhe-Rajah Forest. ** Fronds pinnate. 2. CvYATHEA BruNnonis. (Wad/.) Stipes 12 feet long; fronds 2-3 ft. long, pinnate glossy ; pinnz 6-14 inches long, alternate, between membranous and coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate with a long narrow point obliquely truncated at the base and shortly SES ow ae on oY Seager NAN ile ee SSE 6 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. peticlate, sinuate-crenate; veins three-branched or pinnate, the veinlets occasionally anastomosing amongst themselves, or with the next group; sori medial on the veinlets; indusium very persistent. Redd. PIB. I. ¢. 87 ; Hook Sp. SU1op) mo. Penang and Malacca. (Also in the Malay Islands.) 3. CvaTHEA Hookeri. (Z/w.) Small, but with a trunk-like’ caudex 14 inch thick ;, stipes short black, muricated at the base and sub-paleaceous ; fronds coriaceo-membranaceous, 2-3 feet long, 4-5 inches wide, elongate-lanceolate, acuminate, pinnate pinnatifid at the apex; pinne from a broad base, which is more or less auricled, lanceolate acuminate, sessile or sub-sessile, coarsely dentate-pinnatifid, more or less entire towards the apex and base, and the lower ones gradually diminishing in size and obtuse at their apex ; veins pinnate ; sori medial on the veinlets ; indusium soon breaking up and becoming cup-like. edd. F. B.f. t. 260.. Thw. En, Fl. Lyf. 300. wee: SP: Ll. fp. VO. Ceylon, in the Singhe-Rajah Forest. *** Fronds decompoundly pinnate. 4. CYATHEA SPINULOSA. (Weall.) A tall tree fern; stipes and main rachis beneath, strongly aculeate, dark purple ; fronds glabrous, tripinnatifid ; main rachis and rachis of pinnules ferruginous above ; rachis of pinnules and.main vein of segments scaly below, but the latter glabrous above; segments falcate-oblong acute, serrulate, the margin more or less recurved ; veinlets once-forked, or more rarely three-branched ; sori copious near the costules or main veins; in- dusium completely covering the sorus when young, soon breaking uregularly. Gedd. FF. S./. 2.57. Glook. Syn 7Gl. p. 23. The Wynad at 3,000 feet elevation, North and South Canara Coorg, Jeypore Hills (Vizag), Nepal, Jaintea Hills. The Wynad specimens are in every way identical with those from Northern India collected by Wallich, and Mr. Clarke is in error in stating that the South Indian plant is a Hemitelea, as on comparing with him the specimens he had examined at Kew I found that they were ‘‘ Alsophila latebrosa,” and that this Cyathea was not represented me: Ls) Laie ENS oe ee ered a ms ie we AS CATTELL A COENG. CYATHEA SPINULOSA. (Wall.) ST TNR AD 8 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. from S. India in the Cyathea bundles at Kew, although there was a specimen of it from Dalzell elsewhere, labelled ‘ Lastrea also- philoides,” and a specimen from Canara, mixed with Hemitelea. I find no 3-branched veinlets in my specimens; but I have no barren pinnee in which only they occur. Except in being much more aculeate, over-ripe examples are with difficulty distinguished from Alsophila latebrosa; it is however perfectly glabrous on the segments beneath, whereas in the Alsophila there is generally some pubescence on the costules, and minute hairs on the veinlets. I have never found this fern much above 3,000 feet elevation, but . the Alsophila is common at the highest altitudes on the Nilgiris, Pulneys and Anamallays. GENUS IIIL—AMPHICOSMIA. (Fé. (Amphi, around ; kosmos, world ; in allusion to its wide distribution.) Sori globose, dorsal, on a veinlet ; receptacle elevated ; indusium a cup-like scale below the sorus, but never completely covering the capsules as in Cyathea. Arborescent ferns like Cyathea, and a connecting link between that genus and Alsophila, very difficult to determine except with unripe sori; veins all free; fronds ample decompound. (Hemitelea only differs in having the costal veins anastomosing. None are found in India.) 1. AMPHICOSMIA WALKER#. (/Zook.) Stipes unarmed or slightly muricate; fronds ample bi-tripinnate, thick, firm, very coriaceous ; primary pinne 1% foot long, secondary pinnz rather remote, 3-4 inches long, deeply, nearly to the costa pinnatifid, or again pinnate, oblong, narrow-acuminate ; the costa, as is the rachis, hairy above and scaly below ; pinnules or lobes oblong, very obtuse, entire or crenate ; veinlets once-forked, three-branched or even pinnate ; sori close to the costules; indusium cup-shaped under the sorus. Hook. Sp. Fi. zo. edd. F.S. 1.21a0,-26m.. Ceylon, centre of the island at the higher elevations. Var. /3 ¢77- pinnata has the ultimate pinnules lobed, but there are intermediate forms. SSE see as ets LWYL AMPHICOSMIA WALKER, WW MUM rh, aie UY Nv ala /p DEANS NIN (ULM : CY yy yeep ANIC SN Uy \ ANS SUN NNR Naan AWA Mh ZN (4/ook.} SS : aX “ie SO a 10 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 2, AMPHICOSMIA DECIPIENS. (/. Scof/, under Hemitelea.) A lofty tree fern, very prickly on the main and secondary rachises, tertiary rachis (that of the pinnules) bullate-scaly, not pubescent ; pinnules glabrous, or nearly so, segments sometimes much narrowed where fertile ; veinlets forked, or often three-branched and even four- branched in the sterile portions; sori in two rows close along the main veins or costa of the segment; involucre a hemispheric cup. J. Scott, in Lin. Trans. xxx. 33, ¢.14. Bedd. F. B.A oii the veins and bullate scales correctly, but not the involucre. Sikkim and Bhotan, 1,0o00-4,0o00 feet. Khasya below Nung- klow. Differs from the next in being much more prickly and in the segments being generally longer and narrower. I do not feel certain it is distinct from Cyathea spinulosa, as I have not seen the involucre in very young state. 3. AMPHICOSMIA BRUNONIANA. (Wall. under Alsophila.) A large tree fern; main rachis somewhat prickly, secondary rachis slightly muricated or smooth ; rachis of the pinnules crisped-pubes- cent ; segments minutely hairy on the veinlets (under the lens), not contracted in fruit ; veinlets forked, or three-branched veinlets very rare ; sori and involucre as in the last. Clarke, p. 430. Alsophila Brunoniana, Wad/. Alsophila latebrosa, var. hemitelioides, /. Sco@t, lead Sikkim and Bhotan, 4,000-7,500 feet; East Nepal; Khasya 3,000-5,000 feet, very common. The specimen for which Mr. Clarke gives the locality ‘‘ Deccan ” is a specimen of Cyathea spinulosa, collected at Mendeb in Canara by Dr. Richie. Mr, Clarke’s variety /3 Scoétiz, ““ segments of the fertile pinnules unusually large, deeply crenated, with many three-branched veinlets,” is founded on a single pinna in the Kew Herbarium, collected by Scott in Sikkim and labelled by him latebrosa, var. 3; it is perhaps a new species. 4. AMPHICOSMIA ALTERANS. (ook, under Alsophila.) Rachis glabrous, smooth, turning brown; fronds subcoriaceous, glabrous, sub- FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. [I tripinnate ; primary pinnz short, petiolate very remote, 10-14 inches long, 2-3 inches wide, oblong acuminate, deeply pinnatifid, pinnate near the base; segments 1-13 inch long, oblong acute subfalcate entire or serrate, all horizontal, the extremity suddenly pinnated with oblong undivided sessile pinnules serrated at the margin; veins once forked (rarely twice-forked); sori in the axil of the fork, or in the lower veins, considerably above it; involucre a hemispherical cup completely surrounding the base of the sorus. edd. /. B. 1. f, 236, under Alsophila. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 41. Penang. My specimens distinctly show the indusium. GENUS IV.—ALSOPHILA. (Brown.) (Alsos, grove ; phileo, to love.) Sori globose, dorsal, on a vein or at the forking of a vein ; recep- tacle generally elevated, often villous ; involucre none, but the bullate scales along the costa of the segments may often be mistaken for such. Arborescent ferns; fronds decompoundly pinnate; veins never anastomosing, simple forked or pinnate. | 1. ALSOPHILA LATEBROSA. (//vok.) A lofty tree fern; stipes aculeate at the base, muricated upwards, dark mahogany-brown; primary pinne oblong acuminate, 12-24 inches long, 6-8 inches wide; pinnules lanceolate-acuminate, 3-4 inches long, cut down nearly to the rachis into linear-oblong, blunt slightly-toothed segments on each side; rachis of pinnules beneath glabrous or pubescent; veins generally minutely hairy (under the Jens) ; veinlets forked ; numerous bullate scales along the costa of the segments - beneath and also along the rachis of the pinnules ; sori occupying the lower two-thirds of the segment. Bedd. FS. L. t. 58. Hook. Syn. Zul) p. 43. Nilgiris and all the western mountains in the Madras Presidency and the Shevaroys, up to 7,000 feet ; but often found as low as 3,000 ; Sikkim, Bhotan and Khasya, 3,500-5,000 feet ; also through- out the Malay Peninsula and Penang. I cannot distinguish the two varieties given by Mr. Clarke. The South Indian specimens 12 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. vary from quite or nearly quite glabrous to as pubescent as those from Sikkim, and the Penang specimens seem quite identical. 2. ALSOPHILA GLAUCA. (/. Sm.) of ERE A KE iad, : ff) ZH, i Z ! 7 : ; —Q < et ~ 4 4 < > < e z= WQ ©. Cc 4 ~ a KK KR S yH ry 64 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON, 2. MICROLEPIA PINNATA. (Caz.) Rhizome ‘ereepine yeti nished with fibrillose scales; stipe strong, erect, 6-12 inches long, glossy ; fronds 9-15 inches long, 4-8 inches broad, lanceolate- pinnate, glabrous ; pinnee slightly toothed, 6 inches long, ¢ inch broad, coriaceous, linear-lanceolate, gradually acuminate, obliquely acuminate at the base ; sori one to each tooth, small, submarginal; veins sunk, inconspicuous, generally forked; involucres small, half-cup-shaped. Z100R. Syn. Fil. p. 08. “Bedd | PGS 21. wi tae Anamallay Mountains; Malay Peninsula. (Also in Java and Polynesian Islands.) 3. MICROLEPIA MARGINALIS. (Z/hunb. under Polypodium.) Fronds broadly ovate-lanceolate, firm, membranaceous ; pinnz elongate, lanceolate, subfalcate, acuminate, pinnatifid-lobate, the acuminated apices serrated, pubescent-villous beneath, most so on the costa and prominent veins, unequally cuneate at the base, and subpetiolate ; lobes acute crenate-dentate ; veins pinnated ; sori solitary in the axils of the smaller and upper lobes or serratures, and distant from the margin, marginal on the small teeth of the larger lobes ; involucres broad half-cup-shaped, densely villous; rachis and stipe downy, the latter at length glabrous ; rhizome creeping, villous ; stipe 1-2 feet long, erect, strong ; fronds 18-24 inches long, 9-15 inches broad, once pinnate. Polyp. marginale, Thunb. Fl. Japan, p. 337. Maicro- lepia scabra,Yon.,, Beda. 7. B. 7.7, 102, Nepal and Kumaon, Khasya, Mikir His. (Also in Japan and Formosa.) VAR. 9 CALVESCENS. (/Zook.) Pinnze narrower and more deeply pinnatifid, nearly glabrous beneath, except the strigose midrib. Davallia calvescens. Hook. Sp. Fil. J. p. 172, 7. 48 B. D. urophylla (Wallich), Bedd. 7, B. fy 7.168. Kumaon. 4. MICROLEPIA UROPHYLLA. (//ook.) Rhizome creeping; stipe strong, erect, 2-3 feet long ; fronds bipinnate, tripinnatifid, coriaceous, shining above and beneath, but pubescent on the rachises below ; ( Don.) A AM, } AU MICROLEPIA PLATYPHYLLA, 60m. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. — secondary pinnz lanceolate-linear, very finely caudate, cut down nearly to the rachis into ovate acuminate, unequal sided toothed lobes; sori submarginal, one to each of the lower sinuses of the lobes. Hook. Syn. Fal. p. 99, not of Wallich or Bedd. Clarke, F. LV. WT. SO. ; ‘Bhotan (allied to M. platyphylla). 5. MIcROLEPIA PLATYPHYLLA. (Don.) Rhizome creeping, stout, scaly; stipes 2-3 feet long, firm erect; frond 3-4 feet long, tri- pinnatifid ; lower pinne 12-15 inches long, 6-9 inches broad, lanceolate with distant linear-lanceolate pinnules, which are cut nearly to the wavy rachis below, into broad, bluntish toothed, oblong- deltoid lobes; texture coriaceous when adult, glabrous and shining on both surfaces, but when young more or less membranaceous and hairy ; sori 2-12 to a segment, placed one in each tooth, a short distance from the edge, about a line across. Don. Hl. Prod. Nep. ro: \A/o0k. Syn. Pil. p. 99. \ Bedd LS. 21a We. Madras Presidency, throughout the Western mountains, up to nearly 6,000 feet; Ceylon; Himalayas, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhotan 3,000-5,500 feet elevation ; Khasya. 6. MicroLepia Kurzit. (Clarke.) Fronds large tripinnatifid ; pinne as in platyphylla, with linear-lanceolate pinnules, which are cut down to its rachis (which is not wavy, or only slightly so towards the apex) below into triangular subobtuse or ianceolate-caudate lobes, which are bluntly serrate; texture not so coriaceous as in platy- phylla, uniformly pubescent beneath, even when adult; venation much less prominent than in platyphylla; involucres finely ciliated round the margin. Clarke F. NV. J. p. 446. Birma. This is very like platyphylla, and may turn out to be only a variety of it. I have only seen one specimen. 7. MICROLEPIA MAJUSCULA. (Lowe.) Rhizome creeping, tomen- tose ; stipe 6-12 inches long, erect naked ; fronds up to 3 feet long lanceolate-deltoid, tripinnatifid ;. lower pinnze 9-12 inches long, 3-4 inches broad, lanceolate ; pinnules lanceolate acuminate, cut down FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 67 nearly or quite to the rachis into blunt slightly crenated oblong lobes, rachis and both surfaces slightly hairy, the upper bright green, shining ; texture subcoriaceous; sori small submarginal, 2-12 to a segment. Took. Syn. Fil. p. 99. Microlepia proxima (Thw.), Bedd. FS. I. t. 254. Ceylon, Rangbodde, 3,500 feet elevation. 8. MicROLEPIA STRIGOSA. (Swartz.) Fronds tall, lanceolate, bi- pinnate ; stipes elongated ; rachis and veins pubescent-hispid, primary pinne petiolate, lanceolate-acuminate, secondary (or pinnules) mostly petiolate, subdimidiate-ovate, obtuse pinnatifid, chiefly on the upper edge, lower lobes obovate deep, the rest short, all of them angulate- dentate, veins pinnated, furnished witha few long scattered hairs both above and beneath (the remaining surface of the frond beneath being ‘sometimes furnished with numerous small hairs, or sometimes gla- brous as is the upper surface) ; involucres hairy, small, half cup-shaped. oon. Syn. Fil. p. 98. _Bedd. F. S. T, t. 255. Tinnevelly and Travancore Mountains, South India; Ceylon ; Himalayas ; and Malay Peninsula. (Also in Japan, South China, Sandwich and Fiji Islands.) Mr. Clarke considers this a variety, or rather only a young state of spelunce, as he states it develops into this more compound form ; as far as the South Indian and Ceylon forms are concerned, this is never more than bipinnate, whereas speluncce is 3-4 pin- nate; it has been for years in cultivation in ferneries, at Ootaca- mund, and is quite constant. 9. MICROLEPIA SPELUNCH. (Zznn.) Rhizome creeping; stipes strong, 1-14 foot long; fronds up to 6 feet long, rarely more, and 2 feet broad, ovate to deltoid, 3-4-pinnatifid, more or less hairy, strigose or villous, or with few or many long glistening scale- like flaccid hairs, rarely sub-glabrous; texture membranaceous, or flaccid, pinnules from oblong or ovate to linear-lanceolate, ultimate segments entire or subentire and rhomboid, or irregularly inciso- obate or pinnatifid; sori large 1-5 to the entire segments, more copious on the lobed segments ; involucre half cup-shaped, hispid or rarely glabrous; veins more or less prominent beneath. Polypodium spelunce, Zin. Sp. Pl. 1555. 1 68 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. The Himalayas from Kumaon eastwards; Khasya ; Chittagong ; Madras, Western mountains ; Ceylon; Malay Peninsula. (Also in China, Japan, Malay Islands, Polynesia, and Tropical America.) | | Type. Ultimate segments rhomboidal, subentire, or ‘slightly crenated. Davallia rhomboidea, Wall. Cat. 257. VaR. 3 HIRTA. Ultimate segments more or less deeply cut. Rhomboidea (Microlepia polypodioides, Bedd. & S. £ ¢. 15) can easily be picked out in the herbarium : it is very uniform in char- acter, and does not run into hirta in cultivation ; it is very common throughout India and in Ceylon. The variety hirta (Bedd. F: S. 7. 256) is a much more variable plant, and I refer to this Wad/. Cat. 262 puberula; 263 pilosula; 264 virens; 2,218 Roxburghii, and 261 pyramidata. These are all so _ closely allied that it is impossible to keep them up as separate varieties, and they besides run one intothe other. There are two varieties in Southern India and Ceylon: one very hairy and the other nearly quite glabrous, but differing inno way beyond the pubescence. The supposed species, flaccida (Bedd. F: Sup. ¢. 353) I now consider only a form of hirta, as I cannot distinguish it in the herbarium, it is sald to be very flaccid, and to have fronds ten and twelve feet long. I have seen no forms anything like so large in Southern India or Ceylon, yet some Ceylon and South Indian specimens are referred to it. Wallich’s pyramidata has the pinnules closer together and more elongated than any of the other forms, but otherwise it is quite like - hirta. GENUS XIX.—STENOLOMA. (4z.) (.Stenxos, narrow ; loma, border.) Fronds bi-tripinnatifid, ultimate segments cuneiform, growing gradually wider from the base to the apex; veins dichotomously forked, venules free ; indusium terminal on the segments, forming a compressed suborbicular, or cup-shaped pouch, only open at the top ; rhizome creeping ; stipes tufted, not articulated upon the rhizome. A.S.CATTELL&CYENCRAS. STENOLOMA CHINENSIS. (Sz .) ; 7 | 70 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. I. STENOLOMA CHINENSIS. (Szaz7tz.) Rhizome stout, densely fibrillose ; stipes strong, erect, polished, naked, dark brown, 6—12 inches long; fronds 12~—18 inches long, 6-9 inches broad, ovate, 4-pinnatifid ; lower pinnze ovate-lanceolate, 4-6 inches long, 2-3 inches broad ; pinnules lanceolate, their segments cut down to the rachis below, with toothed cuneate lobes, 1-1} lines across at the apex; texture subcoriaceous, both surfaces naked, the upper shining ; sori terminal, usually solitary, often rather broader than deep. Swartz Syn. fil. 133 (under Davallia) Davallia tenuifolia, Fiook. Syn. Fil. p. 102... Bedd. FST. 10: Madras Presidency, Western mountains, 3,000-6,000 feet: Himalayas, Kumaon to Bhotan, up to 1,000-4,000 feet ; Khasya; Ceylon ; Malay Peninsula. (Also in China, Japan, Polynesia, and the East African Islands.) GENUS XX.—CYSTOPTERIS. (Sernh.) (Cystos, a cyst, in allusion to the inflated indusium.) Fronds more or less compound, membranaceous ; sori globose, placed on the back of the veins ; indusium membranaceous, subor- bicular inserted by its broad base, under the sorus, which, at the beginning it covers or partially covers like a hood ; veins free. I, CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS. (Bernh.) Stipes 2-12 inches long ; fronds glabrous, weak, up to 1 foot, ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis slightly winged above; pinnz lanceolate-deltoid ; pin- nules oblong-rhomboidal, cut down to a broad central space into bluntly or sharply-toothed segments ; sori 2-12 to a pinnule. _ Hook, Swi fil. 103 Bedd. B.e 7 1Or, North West Himalayas, from Kashmir to Kumaon, 10,000- 15,000 feet elevation ; Sikkim. (Also in most parts of the world, in cold regions.) _ 2, CYSTOPTERIS SETOSA. (Gedd.) Caudex erect; stipes 1 foot long, sparsely covered with small flaccid subulate light-brown scales ; fronds tufted 3-33} feet long, tripinnate, pinnze 8-10 inches long, lowest € a a eT ee ee ne om on a al 9) A rk Te ae =z AAR a SHH Fh \ \) ny t * AVS = i s yi Ty Ss i NESS ! ay \rk My! VEE RINSa 0 ax y BN | A.S CAYTE! !%&C°ENGRAS. pew see rd ee (Bedd.) _CYSTOPTERIS SETOSA. ie FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. pair nearly as long as the central ones, gradually decreasing in size towards the apex, pinnules pinnatifid to nearly the rachis, but always more or less connected by a decurrent wing, very membranaceous and flaccid, and furnished on both sides sparsely (as is the rachis and costa) with long weak pellucid jointed sete; segments of the pinnules generally as broad at the apex as at the base, more or less pinnatifid, with the lobes obtusely rounded or variously toothed ; veins forked and simple reaching the margin; sori one to each segment, medial on the lower vein; involucre very membranaceous, small scale-like, ovate, roundish ovate, or oblong, from a broad base fornicate, not nearly covering the sorus, fimbriate or entire, fugacious. edd. FB, . ¢. 312; also ¢. 262, under Lastrea, Moulmein Mountains; Sikkim 5,000—80co0 feet. TRIBE V.—LINDSAYEZE. Sori placed ‘in a line, at or very near the edge of the frond, covered with an involucre, the inner valve of which is membra- naceous, the outer formed of the margin of the frond. © GENUS XXI.—LINDSAYA. (Dryand.) (In honour of Dr. Lindsay, a writer on Ferns.) Sorl marginal or submarginal, placed to the apex of, and uniting two or more veins ; involucre double, opening outwardly, the inner valve membranaceous, the outer formed of the more or less changed margin of the frond ; veins free ; pinnz unilateral or equilateral. § Pinne unilateral. 1. LINDSAYA CULTRATA. (Swartz.) Rhizome wiry, creeping, furnished with linear scales, stipes wiry flexuous, 3—6 inches long ; fronds 6-12 inches long, about 1 inch broad, simply pinnate, pinnee unequal-sided, lower edge nearly straight near the main nerve ; upper edge slightly lobed or nearly entire; lower pinnze stalked ; texture rather coriaceous. Swartz. Syn. Fil. 119. Hook. Syn. Fil. Ter: Bead. F. S. f, t. 23. Lindsaya Lobbiana (Hook.), Deda aes #, 28. A variety with rounded pinne, and a 4-winged rachis. rd A Va s Leder ste (Rate =P ee as ee ee Se eT A pW \ p \Y, G By y my WY P ut WING) a i oe wh De Ds NW a oN ES AS.CATTELL &COENSRAS, LINDSAYA CULTRATA. (Sw .) 74 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. Very common on the western side of the Madras Presidency, up to 6,000 feet, called the hay-scented fern, from its scent when drying. Ceylon, higher altitudes in the central provinces. Himalayas, Nepal, to Mishmee and Chittagong, up to 4,000 feet; Birma and the Malay Peninsula. (Also in North Australia, Formosa, Japan, Malay Islands, and East African Islands.) | 2. LINDSAYA REPENS. (Zhw.) Caudex creeping, scaly; stipes short; fronds rigid, membranaceous linear-lanceolate, 10-18 inches long, $ inch broad, pinnate attenuated at the base; pinne very numerous, 40 or more pair, half deltoid-ovate obtuse or sub-acute, base nearly parallel with the rachis, and with the lower margin quite entire, upper margin lobulate- crenate, costa parallel with and close to the margin ; veins simple or forked, free ; sori short, oblong, one near the margin of each lobule. Thw. En. Fl. 388. Bedd) TAVS eee Odontoloma, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 93. Lindsaya pectinata (Blume), Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 106. N°37. j Ceylon, Singhe-Rajah Forest; Mishmee, LINDSAYA scANDENS. Khasya, Sikkim-Terai, Dulkajhar 1,000 feet ; (Z/ook.) Malay Peninsula. | Also in the Malay Islands, Polynesia and Mauritius.) Var. 2 MINOR. A smaller form, more membranaceous, and more deeply pinnatifid; sorimuch shorter. Zhw.l.c. Bedd. FS. Lt. 214. 3. LINDSAYA SCANDENS. (/Zook.) Rhizome stout, wide-creeping, scandent, paleaceous; frond 9-12 inches long, 13-1¢ inch _ broad, simply pinnate; pinne # inch long, $ inch broad, the lower line slightly decurved, the upper rounded, entire, the point broadly rounded, placed in a long row close together, but not imbricated ; texture pellucid-herbaceous ; costa marginal; sori in a continuous marginal line. Hook. Sp. Fil, 2. p. 205, ¢. 63 B. ; Sym aa ‘Bead. BT. ¢208. The Malay Peninsula, (Also in the Philippine Islands.) P i . | : / _ FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 75 4. LINDSAYA ORBICULATA. (Lam. under Adiantum.) Rhizome creeping ; stipes tufted, generally elongated, fronds linear-lanceolate and pinnate or deltoid and bipinnate; pinnules approximate shortly petiolate, rather rigid flabellate, and approaching to lunate or sub- rhomboid, with the sides unequal, the base obliquely cuneate, some- times the upper ones are confluent, the superior margin crenulate or soriferous ; no distinct midrib; sori continuous or interrupted; in- wolicres toothed. Hook. Syn. fil. i. 211. L. flabellulata, Aook. eiga7@. ~. 107. Lead. KF. B.S. ¢. 216. Davallia trichomanoides, Gedd. & 2. 7. ¢. 178 (not Blume) an abnormally cut variety. D. schizophylla, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 468. Var. 6 TENERA. Pinnules of thinner texture, and obtusely rounded in outline. edd. & S. f. 4.24. This is the only form found in the Madras Presidency. Western Forests of Madras; Ceylon; Khasya, Assam, Jaintea ; Malay Peninsula. (Also in South China and Australia.) 5. Linpsaya Lancea. (L. under Adiantum.) Rhizome creep- ing ; stipes strong, up to 12 inches long ; frond up to 15 inches long, bipinnate ; pinnee, several pairs erect-patent; pinnules about 1 inch long, by 4-3 inch deep, the lower line nearly straight, the upper rounded entire; texture pellucid-herbaceous ; sori in a continuous line round the upper margin. Ad‘antum Lanceum. L. Lindszea tra- peziformis (Dry.), Hook. Syn. Fil. 107. L. caudata (Hook.), Bedd. F. S.f. ¢. 217. Mr. Wall sends from Ceylon a form with numerous pinnee, which taper away into a long caudate apex, the lower pinnules being obovate from a longish stalk, and much smaller than in the type ; the upper pinnules very small and tongue-shaped. Ceylon; Malay Peninsula. (Also in Tropical America, the West Indies, and the Malay Islands.) - 6. Linpsaya RIGIDA. (/. Sm.) Rhizome wide-creeping, stipes 4-6 inches long, rigid, erect, prickly towards the base; fronds with a long unbranched central point, and 1-4 pair of flexuose lateral 76 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. branches, 4-8 inches long; pinnules 3—4 lines broad, 2 lines deep, the lower edge often falcate, the upper 3-4 times bluntly, not deeply lobed, close together, but not imbricate; texture very thick, - coriaceous ; veins prominent ; sori in a marginal line on the lobes. Flook.. Syn, Fil. p. 108. Bedd. FB. 7.4 00; Malacca, on Mount Ophir. — $§ Pinne equilateral. 7. LINDSAYA WALKER. (Hook.) Rhizome creeping, thicker than a crow’s quill, ferruginous with scale-like hairs. Stipes very long, often 1 foot, and as well as the rachis dark purple, glossy ; fronds lanceolate, pinnate, 6 inches to 1 long, pinnze 6-9 pairs, with a terminal one, which is sometimes confluent with one or both of the upper pair, coriaceous, sub- opposite, remote, lanceolate or linear- lanceolate, equal, costa central, veins copious, almost parallel with the costa ; sorus marginal, continuous on both sides. Flook. Sp. Fil. 1. 209. Syn. Fil. 109. Bedd. TES OS i tt | Ceylon, Hinidoon Corle in swamps. (Also the island of Banca, east of Sumatra.) 8. LINDSAYA DIVERGENS. ( Wall.) Rhi- N°33. zome creeping; stipes and rachis ebony- LINDSAYA DIVERGENS. — black, glossy; fronds lanceolate-pinnate ; (Wall.) pinnes approximate, crowded, horizontal- lanceolate, obtuse, subsemihastate at the base, glaucous beneath, the sides equal ; costa central; veins oblique, once forked, distant, in- ternal, obscure; sorus marginal and continuous on both edges and at the apex. Hook. Sp. Fil. 1. 210; Hook. et Gre tee 226.. Bedd. F: B. I. ¢t. 250. Vittaria divergens, Herb. Roxb. Wall. Ca7Z 7. 2101. Malacca. (Also in Borneo.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 77 go. Linpsayva LaNuGINoSA. (JVall.) Rhizome creeping, stout, clothed with fibrillose scales; stipes stout, erect, 4—6 inches long ; fronds 12—24 inches long, 3-4 inches broad, simply pinnate ; pinnee 13—2 inches long, 4-3 inch broad, linear entire or very slightly toothed towards the point, which is acute in the fertile, bluntly rounded in the barren frond ; texture coriaceous ; rachis pubescent ; sori in a continuous line along both edges. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 110. Be Bead. F. B. I. ¢. 140. Birma and the Malay Peninsula. (Also in Tropical Australia, Mauritius, and Tropical Africa.) 10. LINDSAYA HETEROPHYLLA. (Ledd.) Glabrous, fronds, 10-20 inches high; deltoid-bipinnate, in the lower portion, sometimes tripin- nate, simply pinnate at the apex; lower pinnz 4-6 inches long, upper ones gradually smaller and less compound, pinnules numerous, as many as 20, very variable in form, subrotund, rhomboidal or lan- ceolate, margin entire; veins, simple or forked, all free; sori con- tinuous round the whole margin except at the base, the Jarger pinnules have a distinct midrib. edd. F. S. /. ¢. 206. | ‘This is more compound than any of the Indian forms of Schizo- - loma heterophylla; but there is a form of that plant from Hong- kong in the Kew Herbarium very like this in outline, but with the veins anastomosing. I have examined many fronds of this plant, and the veins never anastomose, and if it be lumped with Schizoloma heterophylla, it at once does away with that genus or subgenus. [ am, © however, inclined to consider it a distinct species more allied to L. orbiculata var. tenera than to Schizoloma heterophylla. Shevaroy Hills (on the Green hills), ‘Tinnevelly Mountains. GENUS XXII.—SCHIZOLOMA. (Gaud.) (Schizo, I cut; Zoma, margin.) As in Lindsaya, but veins more or less anastomosing. 1. ScHizotoma Lopata. (Poir.) Rhizome short-creeping ; _ stipes 6—9 inches long, firm, erect; fronds pinnate ; pinnee 1-6 pairs, -erect-patent, 3-6 inches long; pinnules about } inch long, ¢ inch G xe a G 2 aw . Go 5 4 ~ S x © Ce < (foivr.) VAR. MALABARICA, SCHIZOLOMA LOBATA, FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 79 _ broad, recurved, rounded, the upper margin with broad, shallow lobes, texture thin pellucid-herbaceous; veins anastomosing in the upper portion of the pinnules ; sori marginal in the lobes, the inner valve of the involucre narrow and membranous, the edge of the frond produced beyond it, and scarcely altered. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 111. i. tecurvata (Wall.), Bedd. F. S. 7. 7. 27. L. nitens, Blume. Malabar and Travancore Mountains, Ceylon. (Also in Queensland and the Polynesian Islands.) Var. § MALABARICA. (Sedd.) Fronds always simply pinnate ; rachis tetragonous ; pinnules erect, not recurved, upper margin more deeply lobed; veins less anastomosing. edd. # B. ft. 268. Perhaps a distinct species. Malabar and South Canara. 2, SCHIZOLOMA DAVALLIOIDES. (L/.) Rhizome short-creeping; stipes 6-12 inches long, firm, erect; fronds pinnate, pinneze 2-3 pairs, erect-patent, 4-8 inches long, pinnules 4-6 lines long, 2-3 lines broad, the lower margin straight or slightly curved, the upper with 4—6 regular rounded but not deep lobes, texture pellucid-herbaceous ; veins anastomosing at the base of the lobes ; sori marginal in the lobes. Zook. N°40 SCHIZOLOMA CORDATA. eed. fp. 111. Bedd. FB. TL. ¢. 141. (Gaud.) (Closely allied to lobata.) Malacca. (Also in the Malay Islands.) 3. SCHIZOLOMA CORDATA. (Gaud.) Rhizome short-creeping ; stipe 3-6 inches long, slender, erect, wiry ; barren frond 2-3 inches long, 1-13 inch broad, cordate-oblong, quite entire, fertile one 3—6 inches long, linear entire or forked ; texture coriaceous ; sori in a continuous marginal line; veins anastomosing. Hook. Sf. 1. p. 219, 4 66 A.; Ree. 7. 111. Bedd. F. BT. ¢. 299. Malay Peninsula. So FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON, ~ 4. SCHIZOLOMA GUERINIANA. (Gaud.) Rhizome creeping, palea- ceous ; stipes 4-6 inches long, articulate with the rachis ; fronds 6—9 inches long, oblong-lanceolate, simply pinnate, pinnze 3—? inch long, ovate or oblong, nearly entire, horizontal or falcate, slightly auricled at the base on the upper edge; texture subcoriaceous ; sori in a con- tinuous line along both margins. Sya. Fil. p. 111; Hook. Sp. Fil.i. Woe Beda. Fe. In terse, Malacca. (Also in the Malay Islands.) / 5. SCHIZOLOMA ENSIFOLIA. (Swartz.) Rhizome creeping, stout, paleaceous ; stipes 6-9 inches long, wiry, flexuose; fronds 6-12 inches long, 3-4 inches broad, with a linear-lanceolate simple or pinnatifid apex, simply pinnate below, pinnze herbaceous, usually in many pairs, rarely reduced to one, all stalked, 13-6 inches long, 7-1 inch broad, varying from linear-acuminate to lanceolate, sterile ones only a little toothed; veins copiously anastomosing; sori in a con- tinuous marginal line. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 112. edd. FSi ee ae. (Griffithiana (Hook.), Bedd. & B. J. ¢. 29 is a simple form.) Western mountains of Madras; Ceylon; Himalayas, Sikkim to Muneypore and Chittagong up to 4,000 feet ; Birma. (Also in North Australia, Tropical Africa and its eastern islands, Polynesia. ) 6. SCHIZOLOMA HETEROPHYLLA. (Ovy.) Rhizome creeping ; stipes 4—8 inches long, firm, naked, erect ; frond 6—12 inches long, | 3-6 inches broad, lanceolate or oblong, deltoid, varying from simply- pinnate with large linear-lanceolate entire pinne, to bipinnate with erect-patent branches 3-4 inches long, with oblong-lanceolate blunt pinnules $—-1 inch long 4 inch broad, texture herbaceous; sori in continuous marginal lines. Hook. Syn. Fil, p. 112. Ledd. FS, T. 25. ' Malabar Mountains, Travancore; Ceylon; Malay Peninsula. (Also in Mauritius, Hong-kong, and Malay Islands.) . RG. £ ZZ, Z FJ SS Ve aa Se eee NK VES > = EX BRERA S z ee SU bade 4 Se — = AN WRANNGanae KES NSE RASS aS mn > i SN SS My? Si iyi MAO ELE = CLA T hes <¢4 hin MAE H LS Snes AS CATTFIL RCO ENT IAS, (Sw. ) SCHIZOLOMA ENSIFOLIA. 82 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. TRIBE VI.—PTERIDEE. Sori marginal, oblong, or linear; indusium of the same shape as the sorus, formed of ‘a more or less changed and feneae portion of the frond, opening inwardly. GENUS XXIII.—ADIANTUM. (Adiantos, dry ; water will not lie on the fronds.) Sori marginal, varying in shape from globose to linear, usually numerous and distinct, sometimes confluent and continuous; indu- sium of the same shape as the sorus, formed of the reflexed margin of the fronds, bearing the capsules on its under side ; veins free. 1. ADIANTUM ParisHil. (Afook.) Small, ceespitose ; no distinct acre, ‘i caudex; roots few, Mi re GF | fibrous, tomentose ; \\ Sis 7 x PA Vy 4 \ y p) ‘ ? e Le Z fn |\ : fronds about 1 inch each way, orbicular, flabellate, membra- neous, pellucid, ste- rile ones crenate- dentate, fertile ones few. (3-5) lobate; A ie ae sinuses deep sorifer- igs ‘ i Noa 2. ous; veins origi- (Hook) nating from the base, flabellately-di- vergent, repeatedly dichotomous; stipes slender, filiform, ebeneous, black, shining, articulated at the summit. ook. Sp. Fil. ii. 237, and Fil, Hxot1. pl. 513 Syn. Fil, p14. Bedd, TB. Page | Moulmein, on limestone rocks. ADIANTUM PARISHII. 2. ADIANTUM LUNULATUM. (Burm.) Stipes 4-6 inches long, — tufted, wiry, naked, polished dark chestnut-brown; fronds 6—12 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 83 inches long and 3 inches broad, simply pinnate, often elongated and rooting at the apex; pinnze subdimidiate, the lower edge nearly ina line or oblique with the petiole, the upper edge rounded and like the bluntly-rounded sides usually more or less lobed; petioles of the lower ones spreading }—3 inch long, texture herbaceous; the rachis and both surfaces naked ; sorl in continuous lines along the edge maar. 1. Ind. p. 235. Look. Syn. Fil. p. 114. Bedd. FL S.L. 4.1%. Throughout Northern India in moist places; South India, very general on the western side in the plains and lower slopes of the hills; Ceylon; Birma. (Also in the tropics of nearly the whole world.) VaR. ( MeETTent (Kuwin.) Stipes and rachis winged, not polished, petioles winged, very short, otherwise as in lunulatum (type). iain, Fil. Af. p. 65. bedd. Ferns ear. ¢. 354. ey SOLE Day / > cd ny vas wel Rts ™~ HZ S ih SI SS mi BS BS GENS a ‘om ey re De eee CUS. ; er” i P PEN) y Si co \ pe me HE . sos AeA oles za QO Reale TN ae CNS s IEP. one es 4 = 2; . Es ; . Vp aS SG We a G i < AR SRN we Le Us AY e INS Pr ony a ia LER DUS A AUS ea Te SEM NIN Las boy “2g x pe ee SY Wh Neg af Se a veins spreading, simple or often forked near the base ; sori in a single regular series close to the costa; veins when simple soriferous near their base, when forked, soriferous at the apex of the short fork. Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p. 123. Hook. Sp. Fil. iv. 166. Polypodium hir- fom Fook, Sp. fil. iv. 170, (not Mett.). Bedd. F. B. fF. 212. -P. _lasiosorum (//ook.), Bedd. F. B. I. t. 172. Ceylon. (Also in Java and Luzon.) Ye iY Vy (BL) POLYPODIUM HIRTELLUM. (Baker) POLYPODIUM CORNIGERUM. - lar, subacute, repand on the upper solitary at fork close to main rachis, FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 307 6. POLYPODIUM SESSILIFOLIUM. (/Zook.) Caudex small, erect or ascending, scaly ; stipes scarcely any; fronds tufted, membrana- ceous, firm, 3-9 inches long, 2-3 lines wide, linear, scarcely acuminated, obtuse, attenuated at the base ; veins oblique, approxi- mate, forked; sori oblong, parallel with the costa in lines or series inter mediate between the costa and the margin, medial on the upper veinlet. Hook. Fil. iv. 168. Syn. Fil. p. 322. Bedd. F. B. TI. t. 119. Penang: (Also in the Philippines. ) ** Fronds pinnatifid. 7. POLYPODIUM CORNIGERUM. (Baker.) Fronds tufted, subses- sile, erect ligulate, 3-4 inches long, 2-24 lines broad, pinnatifid or subpinnate, lobes 20—30 jugate, diminishing in size from middle of frond both ways, almost triangu- edge; texture subcoriaceous, sur- faces glabrous; veins one to each lobe, forked, falling far short of the margin; sorus large round, and medial on the vein. ook. Syn. Fil. 503. LBedd. Fern Sup. Z. 381. Ceylon, Horton plains, rare, (eb. 4005.) POLYPODIUM CUCULLATUM. (JVees. 8. POLYPODIUM CUCULLA- : ( ) Tum. (JVees.) Caudex very small, ascending ; stipes densely tufted 1-3 lines long, naked ; fronds subcoriaceous or somewhat membra- naceous, 3-5 inches long, 2-3 lines broad, flaccid, linear-lanceolate acuminate, deeply nearly to the costa pinnatifid ; the lobes linear- 308 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. oblong $—? line broad, those of the upper half fertile, broader and with the edges upcurved so as to clasp the large solitary sorus; costa and sometimes the frond deciduously pilose. ook. Syn. Fil. 324. Ca- lymmodon cucullatus (Pres2.), Bedd. FS. L. t. 233. Ceylon, on rocks and trees, ake) and southern provinces, 3,000-5,000 feet elevation. g. POLYPODIUM KHASYANUM. ae? Stipes tufted, very short, fringed with soft hairs : inches long, by 13 inch aa broad, flaccid, cut down 53 nearly to the rachis into es linear-oblong entire or oe slightly undulated blunt in NANA SPE lobes 2~3 lines broad, texture thick subcoria- ceous ; rachis and both sides sparingly hairy ; Z.. veinlets simple; sori apical on the veinlets, sunk in an oval cavity (having an_ elevation on the upper side of the frond) in rows of 4-6 oneach side of the midrib: ook: Syn. Fil, 325. Beda. 1. B. 7 eae Khasya 3,000-4,000 feet, near Cherra; Assam, from Cherra to Jowye and Jarain in Jaintea, 3,000—4,000 feet elevation, not plentiful anywhere. N°162. POLYPODIUM TRICHOMANOIDES. (Sw .) 10. POLYPODIUM TRICHOMANOIDES. (Sz) Caudex short, erect, paleaceous above, densely rooting with wiry fibres ; stipes short, $—-1 inch long, densely tufted, patent-villous with long fibrous hairs, fronds 3-4 inches to a span long, 2—4 lines wide, rigid-membranaceous, fronds up to about 14 _ ee CS a FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 309 linear, attenuated at both extremities, deeply nearly to the costa pinnatifid or almost pinnate (quite so at the very base), lobes hori- zontally patent from a broad base, ovate or oblong entire, sub-concave beneath, sub-deciduously ciliated with long fibrous or blackish patent hairs ; veins solitary in each lobe, simple or forked, each lobe having a single sorus near the base of the veins and the costa. ook. eee ty. 178 ; Syn. fil. 326. Bedd. F. BL. 7. 2. Sikkim, 9,000o-12,000 feet elevation. (Also in South America, Brazil and Ecuador ; and Cuba.) 11. POLYPODIUM GLANDULOSUM. (/fook.) Caudex small, in distinct, clinging to the bark of trees by copious rooting fibres, the rest of the plant all over pilose-glandulose, most so beneath ; stipes tufted 1-3 lines long, fronds 2—4 inches long, 4 inch broad, linear obtuse, scarcely attenuated at either extremity, rather firm-membrana- ceous, sub-succulent, deeply nearly to the rachis pinnatifid ; segments ovate, sub-acute, horizontally patent, decurrent at the base, lowermost ones free, all of them serrate-pinna- tid, costule, and rather distant few and ob- lique simple veins indistinct ; sori 1-6 to each segment globose. Hook. Sp. Fil. iv. 193. mien. 327. Beda. FS. I. t. 238B. N°163. Ceylon, in the central provinces, Ram- Diet ere oe bodde, and summit of Wattakelia Hill. SEAN DUROSUM Ce) 12. Potypopium Tuwairesi. (edd.) Caudex creeping, clothed with lanceolate scales; fronds sessile or subsessile, sub- coriaceous, perfectly glabrous, 2-4 inches long by about 1 inch broad, lanecolate or oblanceolate, deeply almost to the rachis pin- natifid ; lobes 1-2 lines broad, lanceolate, blunt, rather ascending, more or less repand or sinuate-pinnatifid, the lower reduced gradually to a narrow wing ; veinlets distant, erect-patent, simple or more rarely forked, where simple soriferous at the apex, where 310 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. forked the superior veinlet only is soriferous ; sori round, slightly immersed. edd. F. B. I. t. 188. Baker, in Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 508. SS : = ~ S =) Wes Fe GOSS = NX \ ~ BF - NP Vp EDEL E Jie N°IG4. POLYPODIUM THWAITESII. (&edd.) JEG s akin PR eae ee Cat. 7. 343. Beda. FB. Lt 22528 Ceylon, about Dickoya, on trees, very sweet scented (C.P. 3,900). 13. POLYPODIUM DECORUM. (Lrack.) Caudex short, rather. thick, creeping, densely ferrugi-_ nous-squamose, stipes approxl- mate, sub-terminal on the caudex, 2-4 lines long ; fronds coriaceous, glabrous, 6-12 inches long, 3-1 fy inch broad, narrow-lanceolate, “X&. much and almost caudate-acu- minate, the base very gradually attenuated into the short stipe, deeply and nearly to the rachis pinnatifid, segments horizontally patent, narrow-oblong obtuse, quite entire, below gradually be- coming shorter and broader and forming shallow elongated lobed wings at the base; costa glabrous or pilosulous, costule and veins quite sunk and inconspicuous ; sori oblong, 2-8 in a row, on each side of the costule, and apical on the short veins, which do not nearly reach the margin, partially sunk in a hairy cavity (but with no raised border). Hook. Sp. Fil. iv. 179. Brack. Fil. Un. Sz. P. serra, Wall. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 311 South India, on the Tinnevelly Mountains, near Courtallum : Ceylon, Singhe Rajah Forest; Singapore and Mount Ophir; North- west India, near Mandal (Edgeworth). (Also in Borneo, Luzon, Tahiti.) 14. PoLypopiuM FuscaTuM. (4/.) Stipes tufted, 1-3 inches long, densely clothed with soft spreading hairs; fronds 3-6 inches long, 4-1 inch broad, cut down nearly to the rachis throughout into close entire obtuse pinne, @ 1 line broad, the lower ones shorter and broader, & Z texture subcoriaceous, Ss =2 rachis and both sides 2 SB thinly clothed with soft s2 Ss 2 hairs; veins obscure, sim- SZ SZ ple ; sori forming a close =2 = row on each side the a7 WS\Keeee? ‘ Le Ni Aare 4.6 .CATTELL £02 ENGRAS. POLYPODIUM OBLIQUATUM. (&2/.) with densely matted ts roots; stipes tufted, we, NK very short, naked or Rs hairy; fronds , 4-6 We inches long, about 1 ‘et gl, inch broad, cut down 2B ‘3 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 318 fertile pinnae sometimes undulated. ook. Syn. Fil. 328. Bedd. F. S. J. 167. Cryptosorus, #ée. Ccelopteris, 4. Br. South India, Anamallay Mountains, up the T oracadu River, 4,000-5,000 feet elevation, Tinnevelly and Travancore Hills; Ceylon, common on trees about Newera Elya. 16. POLYPODIUM REPANDULUM. (JZett.) Caudex stout, erect, se It > ote ~ to the rachis through- eae \ out, into erect-patent SSS CaN WE blunt crenated pinnz 3-4 lines broad ; tex- ture subcoriaceous; Ses rachis naked, or — with a few very long ail i hairs; surfacesnaked, *‘ or with long hairs beneath on the costa; veinlets simple, fall- ing short of the mar- gin; sori _ slightly mmmersed, filling nearly the whole space between the midrib and the margin, and apical on the veinlets. ook. Syn. Fil. 328. Polypodium subfalcatum, var. 6, Bedd. & B. JL. ¢. 18098. a f Mf is SINAC LLL CA WY , Ci Wis POLYPODIUM REPANDULUM. (JZ¢ét. - Polyp. minutum (Baker), Hook. Syn. Fil. 328, as far as the Ceylon plant ts concerned. C. P. 3073. Ceylon, higher parts of central provinces, on trunks of trees. 314 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. iy 17. POLYPODIUM SUBFALCATUM. (4/.) Rhizome erect ; stipes densely tufted, clothed with soft spreading hairs ; fronds 2-10 inches long, by 3-1 inch broad pinnate, z.e. cut down to the rachis into close spreading pinnz; pinne hairy on both sides, soft in texture, rather _ sharply toothed sometimes one-third or half-down, decurrent at the base, the lower ones gradually reduced ; veinlets simple, not reaching the margin; sori apical on the veinlets one to each tooth or lobe of the pinne. SB/. Fil. Jav. 186, 7. te A.B. Hook. Syn. Fil. 328. Polyp. parvulum, edd. FS. T. t. 166, not Bory. P. subfalcatum, edd. F. BT. 189, fig. A. (not jig. B.) P. parvulum, 5 Lhw. Fin. FL Zeya: 394 7n part, C. P. 1290, not 3073. It differs from the last in being soft in texture instead of coria- ceous, in being much more hairy (repandulum being generally quite glabrous), in being ser- rateinstead of crenulate, and in the sori not being immersed. Mr. ! Thwaitesincluded them POLYPODIUM SUBFALCATUM. (J/.) both under his parvu- lum, and Mr. Baker has the former both under repandulum and minutum in the Syzopsis Filicum. South India, Nilgiris Lamb’s Rock near Conoor, Anamallays banks of Toracadu river, 4,5000 feet ; Ceylon, ‘central provinces ; North India, Himalayas from Gurwhal to Bhotan, 5,000~-9,000 feet elevation; Khasya. Mr. Clarke says that some of the Khasya specimens are as small as P. trichomanoides, but that species has only one sorus to each pinna, whilst this has the pinna polysorus, or ® POLYPODIUM DARE/EFORME, (Hook.) 316 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON, one to each lobe of the pinna, besides the sori are differently situated. ** * * Fronds compound. 18. POLYPODIUM DAREAFORME. (/fook.) Rhizome stout, creeping, clothed densely with filiform golden scales; stipes 6-9 inches long, articulated on the rhizome, naked, glossy; fronds 12-18 inches long, 8-12 inches broad, sub-deltoid, 3~—4-pinnate ; Darea-like ; pinnze 1-2 inches broad, lanceolate deltoid ; secondary pinne # inch long, tertiary pinne small, forked or pinnate ; the ultimate segments narrow, almost filiform bluntish, texture herba- ceous, rachis glossy, both sides quite naked; veins one to each ultimate segment, not reaching the margin, and thickened at the apex, and bearing the sorus low down; sori extending beyond the margins of the segments ; indusium none. ook. Sp. Fil. iv. 256, Syn. Fil. 339. Acrophorus Hookeri, Bedd. F: B. L. 95 (not Moore, which ts Leucostegia Hookeri.) Himalayas and Khasya, 4,000-5,000 feet elevation. ‘This cannot belong to Phegopteris as the stipes are articulated with the rhizome ; it is very probably a Leucostegia, but no indusium is to be detected in the many examples that I have examined ; it has long been confused with Leucostegia Hookeri, which it closely resembles in habit. GENUS LXI.—GONIOPHLEBIUM. (Pres/.) (Gonzia, angle ; phebes, veins—the veins forming angles.) Veins forming ample regular areoles, each with a simple or rarely forked free included veinlet, on which the sorus is terminal, often in the costal areoles only, but sometimes also in the second or even the third row, marginal veinlets free; sori non-indusiate, globose or rarely oblong; fronds pinnatifid or pinnate (simple in some species not Indian); rhizome wide-creeping, the stipe articulate on the rhizome ; pinnz articulate with the rachis. } FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 317 * Fronds pinnatifid or somewhat pinnate at the base only. 1. GONIOPHLEBIUM AMAENUM. (Wadl.) Caudex creeping, stout, densely paleaceous, with ferruginous subulate scales, which are sub-adpressed, never hair-pointed ; stipes a span to a foot or more long, stramineous or brown; fronds 1 to nearly 2 feet long, 6-10 inches wide, glabrous or sub-pubescent, ovate, terminating in a lanceolate.acuminate subentire segment, deeply pinnatifid to within 2-3 lines of the costa, segments horizontal, more or less approximate, 3-8 inches long, {-} inch wide, subfalcate from a broad _ base, ensiform gradually acuminate, entire, or coarsely dentate-serrate, lowest pair deflexed, veins forming one costal series of moderately sized soriferous areoles, and sometimes two (the second not sori- ferous), marginal veinlets free, soriferous veinlet always arising from the vein at a distance from the costa; sori subglobose sunk (papil- lose on the upper side.) Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 24. Wall. Cat. 2. 290. ped f. DB. J. 7.5. | Himalayas, from Gurwhal to Bhotan, 4,000-11,000 feet ele- vation, common; Khasya 3,000-6,000 feet. (Clarke’s var. tonglensis from Tonglu near Darjeeling, appears only to differ in the pinnze being blunt at the apex, there is, however, only one poor specimen known of it.) 2. GONIOPHLEBIUM SUBAMANUM. (C7arke.) Rhizome slender, densely clothed with grey-brown lanceolate-subulate scales, which are subadpressed, never hair-pointed, near the base of the main rachis are sometimes ovate or lanceolate scales ; stipes about 2 inches long ; fronds 6 inches long, deeply pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, lower segments much abbreviated and deflexed, all serrated at the margins ; costal arches of the main rachis continued nearly or quite to the base of the frond ; main rachis above glabrous or puberulous. Clarke, Pee... S50, 1: 82, .f-°2. Very nearly allied to amzenum, and perhaps only a form of it, differs in its slender rhizome and small size. Himalayas, on the ridge between Sikkim and Nepal, 11,000- 12,000 feet elevation, very abundant. CE SS Q / of: Of: S$ 79 o Cn Volgis NA9/, 246 = gas oko 7 SoM eu SS oa 9. / kee if ORO} 02 3 Nes nae tf) HVE ra SE q SASS ON 4, L CXS AAD UAT SENS AL 9 Rea A.S.CATTELLR.COENGRAS, GONIOPHLEBIUM AM4&NUM. (Wal/.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON, — 319 3. GONIOPHLEBIUM LACHNoPUS. (VWall.) Rhizome more slen- der than in amzenum, densely clothed with hair-pointed brown-black scales spreading from small bases ; base of the rachis often with a few similar scales; stipe 2-4 inches longyslender naked ; fronds flaccid, 12-18 inches long, 3-4 inches broad, cut down nearly to the rachis into spreading slightly- toothed segments ¢ inch broad, texture herba- ceous, both sides naked, or ‘the rachis beneath slightly scaly, and pubes- cent above; costalareoles in a, single series ; (never two as sometimes occurs in amgenum), or rarely the veins are all free (not Pons | 2 forming areoles); soriin ¢ a single series in the are- oles, or at the apex of the ; forked veinlet when there BCR isno anastomosis. Wall, E=S555 Cor. 210. Fook. Syn. mene. edd, F. B. J. pues. Clarke, F. NV. I. Pp. 551. Himalayas, from Kashmir to Bhotan, 2,000-3,000 feet eleva- tion, very common. ~Khasya, 3,000 — 5,000 feet elevation. Sara, CLL ge . N°I7I. GONIOPHLEBIUM ERYTHROCARPUM. (Métt. ) 4. GONIOPHLEBIUM ERYTHROCARPUM. (JZetz.) Rhizome ¢ line thick, glaucous, firm, wide-creeping, scales lanceolate, dark-castaneous, 220 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. minute, not hair-pointed ; stipe 3-4 inches long, naked, stramineous, very slender; frond oblong-deltoid, 3-4 inches long, 13-2 inches broad, pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, lobes 5-10 jugate, ligulate blunt, 3-4 lines broad, obscurely repand, adnate, only the lowest narrowed at the base, on the lower side scarcely shortened, texture rigidly. subcoriaceous ; rachis and costas below and under surface pilose ; main veins raised, very distinct to nearly the edge, costal areoles in one or two series, the second series when present generally without a free veinlet in lower areole, sometimes forked, or rarely netted and graduating into the venation of Pleopeltis; sori in a single series in the lower areoles. Mett. Kuhn. Linn. 36, p. 135. Hook. Syn. Fil. Bit. Bead. fe D.7) SUpes2, All my specimens from Messrs. Clarke and Atkinson have typical Goniophlebium venation, so also have nearly all the speci- mens at Kew. Mr. Clarke, however, has removed the species to Pleopeltis, because some specimens gathered by him have the costal areoles less defined and the veinlets somewhat netted and graduat- ing into the venation of Pleopeltis. I look upon these as abnor- mal, the whole habit of the plant being that of Goniophlebium. Sikkim, Lacheen, 9,coo—11,000 feet elevation, Yakla valley, 8,000 feet. 5. GONIOPHLEBIUM HENDERSONI. (A¢kinson, MS.) Rhizome very slender, glaucous, wide-creeping, clothed with hair-pointed scales; stipes 3-4 inches long, naked or scaly, very slender, grey, stramineous; fronds narrow-lanceolate 8-10 inches long, 13-2 inches broad, deeply nearly to the rachis pinnatifid, or the lower lobes or pinnze quite free ; pinnz or lobes 20-30 pair, patent lanceolate acute, 3-4 lines broad, distantly incised, all except the lowest dilated at their base, texture moderately firm, surfaces green, naked ; areoles and sori uniserial, the latter near the midrib, not crowded, occasionally the veins are all or nearly all quite free and not anastomosing, or forming areoles, costal arches of the main rachis prominent, very long and narrow, absent of course at the base of the larger fronds, where it is pinnate, not pinnatifid. Hook. Sya. UGl. P51. bead. H B.oT. t. 388: 2: NS&I72. {vv ut Cyt Ly cA fy Yes dt Cy uM 5 5 = i Oa S > VAT i) i ISOLA oo d Why | | Lr a tc NFA ORNS EP RL ORR te . GONIOPHLEBIUM MOLLE. (Sedd.) ) ae 22 ; 222 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND ‘CEYLON. Himalayas, dividing ridge between Sikkim and Nepal, and north of the Jongri, 11,000 to 13,000 feet elevation, very abundant. 6. GONIOPHLEBIUM MICRORHIZOMA. (Clarke.) Rhizome 1 line thick, firm wide-creeping, clothed with grey-brown ovate or lanceolate scales, not hair-pointed; base of the rachis often witha few similarscales ; stipes 4-5 inches long; fronds lanceolate, often caudate at the apex, about 1 foot long by 3-4 inches wide, deeply nearly to the rachis pinnatifid, the lowest pinnze sometimes free; pinnz 20-30 pair, patent lanceolate acute, 3—4 lines broad, distantly incised, texture her- baceous, rachis glabrous above, castaneous beneath ; areoles and sori uniserial, or all the veins often quite free, and not forming areoles. Clarke, F. N. 1. 551..Hfo0k. Syn. fil. p. 511., Bedd, Ty Bia ee Kashmir to Bhotan, 5,000-8,000 feet elevation, very common. * * Fronds distinctly pinnate throughout. 7, GONIOPHLEBIUM MOLLE. (Sedd.) Khizome creeping, size of the stem of a tobacco pipe, densely covered with reddish brown subulate scales; fronds 13 foot long, 7~8 inches broad, oblong acu- minate membranaceous, pinnz numerous, 3-4 inches long, } aninch’ wide, furnished on both sides as is the rachis with soft weak whitish hairs, sinuate-crenate, superior base often subauricled, superior ones decurrent on the rachis, remainder sessile from a broad base, or inferior ones subpetiolate ; veins forming two series of areoles, the lower of which has the soriferous veinlet arising from the side of the areole distant from the costa, marginal veinlets free or rarely uniting, simple or forked. edd. & LB. /. t. 206. Polypodium. Beddomei (Baker), Hook. Syn. fil. and Edit. 344. Malay Peninsula, in Tenasserim. 8. GONIOPHLEBIUM SUBAURICULATUM. (47. under Polypodium). Rhizome creeping, stoloniferous, densely clothed with narrow acumi- nate, often hair-pointed scales, subpruinate ; stipes a span to a foot and more long, sparingly paleaceous, rufous-brown ; fronds firm, subcoriaceous, glabrous, 2—6 feet long, a foot and more wide, pinnated, pinne horizontal, numerous yet remote, 3-10 inches long, } to nearly 2 an inch wide, shortly petioled and jointed on the rachis from a | FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON, 323 somewhat cordate or truncated and occasionally auricled base, linear- lanceoiate, finely and gradually acuminated, serrated ; veins forming a double costular series of areoles, including a free venule, of which the lower series is soriferous, mar- ginal veinlets free; sori in a single series forming slightly elevated pustules on the superi- orside. Bi. Fil. Jav. p. 177, 7. pee oon. Sp. Ll. v.- 32. meee, FB, 7. ¢t. 78. Khasya, 3,000-5,000 feet N°173. elevation; Malay Peninsula. CONIOPHLEBIUM SUBAURICULATUM, (Bi.) (Also in Malay Islands and Queensland.) g. GONIOPHLEBIUM ARGUTUM. (Wall. under FPolypodium.) Rhizome thick as a writing- quill, squarrose with ovate-acute short blackish or brown glossy spreading scales, stipes 3-4 inches to a span long, brown glossy; fronds firm-membra- naceous, glabrous, 1-2 feet long, 8-10 inches broad, pin- nated, pinne distant sub horizontally patent, 4-6 inches long, 3- inch wide, from a broader but obtusely and ob- lique cuneated or subtruncated base (rarely rotundate-auricled) elongate-oblong, acuminate, ratherobtusely serrated, lower ones often opposite, the rest NOI74. alternate, superior ones more GONIOPHLEBIUM ARGUTUM. (Wall.) or less adnate and decurrent, terminal one similar to the rest, veins forming a costal series of large oblong soriferous areoles; marginal veins ending in a thickened apex within the margin all free ; sori super- 324 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. ficial at the apex ofthe free veins in the costal areoles. Wall. Cat. nm. 308. Look. Sp. Fil. v.32. Beda i, Bae nae : Himalayas, from Kashmir to Bhotan, 4,000-9,000 feet eleva-— tion, very common. Closely allied to the last species. 10. GONIOPHLEBIUM VERRUCOSUM. (Wail. under Polypodium.) Rhizome long, stout creeping, very paleaceous; stipes 14 foot and more long; fronds 2-3 feet long, oblong-acuminate, firm-membranaceous, drooping ; pinnze numerous but distant, 6-9 inches long, 1-1} inch broad, oblong costate, articulate upon the rachis, suddenly and shortly cuspidate-acuminate entire or serrated chiefly towards the apex, -——=, |] nearly sessile, the base obliquely cuneate ; a ff pA owe Peete primary veins slender but straight and FAS 7 | ‘ parallel costuliform, forming with the / payee i anastomosing veins four or five series of ; sie a iG areoles each with a free included veinlet, Wier Aaa bu ] rl nly is so- A lg a t of which the lowest series only riferous ; sori in a single series next the costa sunk in a deep cavity, having a cor- responding pustule on the upper side. Wall. Cat. n. 296. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 31. DHA 1 Voi Me OT | bt ae ee ae Malacca and Penang. VERRUCOSUM. (Wail. (Also in the Philippines.) Mr. J. Smith has separated these East Indian species of Gonto- phlebium from the American because the pinne are articulated with the rachis, and he has constituted the genus Schellolepis for them. N°175. - GENUS LXII.—NIPHOBOLUS. (Kazif) (Miphos, of snow; bolus, a large pill—the snow-like scales and round sori.) Fronds on their under surface matted with woolly or cottony tomentum ; sori globose or elliptic, superficial or immersed, buried ‘in the tomentum; veins internal, obscure, pinnate, prominent or vee Balle) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 325 uniform from a central costa, venules anastomosing sometimes trans- versely parallel, forming parallelogrammoid areoles, with excurrent free or occasionally connivent or anastomosed veinlets, sometimes uniting in roundish or oblong hexagonal unequal oblique areoles, with variously directed simple or divaricately forked veinlets, the veins of the fertile frond when contracted less developed; fronds simple or rarely lobed, rigid, coriaceous, opaque, the fertile often contracted. 1. NIPHOBOLUS ADNASCENS. (Sw. wuder Polypodium.) Rhizome wide-creeping, paleaceous with lanceolate-setaceous scales ; stipes dis- tant, 1-2 inches long, furnished at the base with lanceolate-linear often hairy scales; fronds dimorphous, carnose-coriaceous, dark green above, but hoary with sparse stellated pubescence beneath, and paler and even white with more copious compact hairs ; sterile fronds, 2-4 inches long, spathulate or elliptical-lanceolate, obtuse; fertile ones 6-8 inches long, linear or oblong obtuse or acute, both kinds tapering below into the stipe, costa sub-carinate, costules sunk obscure, their areoles including four (sometimes only three or two) veinlets, which are generally free with clavate apices, though they sometimes anastomose ; sori deep sunk in the tomentum and in the substance of the frond on each side of the costa, arranged 5-6 in obliquely transverse series, capsules long stalked, mixed with long stalked stellated scales. Bea 27. pp. 25 and 228. Hooker. Sp. Fil.v. 47. Bedd. FS. I. 4.184. Wall. Cat. 268. Polyp. verrucosum, Wall. Cat. n. 267. P, vittarioides, Wall. Cat. p. 270. P. pertusum, Wall. Cat. 267. Throughout India from the plains up to 4,500 elevation; Ceylon : Malay Peninsula. (Also in China; Fiji; Mascareen Islands, Cameroon Mountains. ) 2. NIPHOBOLUS L&vIS. (/. Sw.) Rhizome slender, wide-creep- ing, clothed with linear setaceous scales ; stipes distant, somewhat hairy % inch to nearly 2 inches long, furnished with a tuft of scales at their base; fronds coriaceous, linear-lanceolate, much narrowed towards the apex, 23—6 inches long, +—? inch broad, glabrous above, hairy with stellate pubescence beneath ; venation obscure, costules thin, areoles in three series between the costa and margin, with one, aK Wag iS @ hs 4.3 CATTELL & CO ENGRAS. NIPHOBOLUS ADNASCENS. (.Sw.) FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 327 ——_— two or three clavate veinlets in each, which are variously directed, free or rarely joined to the base of the areole above; sori large, partially sunk in the tomentum, often confined to the apex of the frond, or scattered, or covering nearly allthe under surface. edd. F. B. I. t. 161. P. Niphobolus jaintense, Clarke, F. NV. I. p. 552, ¢. 82. Khasya hills, Jaintea, Jarain, 3,500 feet elevation. Considered a variety of adnascens by Mr. Baker, but sufficiently distinct in its venation, I think, to rank as a species. 3. NIPHOBOLUS ACROSTICHOIDES. (Szv.) Rhizome wide-creep- ing, branched, younger portions squarrose, with rather large bright fer- ruginous lanceolate scales; stipes 1-3 inches long furnished at the base with obtuse scales; frond hard coriaceous, 1-2 feet and more long, 4-1 inch wide, glabrous above, beneath whitish or tawny, stellate- tomentose (tomentum very deciduous) elongate-lanceolate or linear obtuse ; sterile fronds generally the broadest ; areoles 5—7 between the costa and margin, each with 3-6 veinlets free and simple, or variously forked and anastomosing ; sori rather small, prominent, very compact, generally occupying the upper part of the frond, arranged in 6-8 oblique very close series between the costules. Sz. Syn. Fil. p. 29 woes. Look. Sp. Fil.v. 44. Bedd. F. B. f. 7, 81.- Polyp furfu- raceum, Wall. Cat. n. 278. Birma and the Malay Peninsula generally. I have specimens from Tenasserim 2 feet long and only 3 inch wide. 4. NipHospoLus HETeERactIs. (AZez¢.) Rhizome wide-creeping, the scales copious lanceolate-linear, not adpressed golden; stipes distant up to 7 inches long, more or less scaly ; fronds oblong, with a long acumination about 6 inches long by 14 inches broad, coriaceous, the fertile not generally contracted, upper surface glabrous, lower clothed with close compact stellate scales, the rays of which are broad, with filamentous hairs admixed; areoles in 8-9 series between the costa and margin, each including 2-3 veinlets, which are generally forked and more or less anastomosing ; sori rather large aac prominent. Jett. Kuhn.in Linn. 36,140. Clarke, F. NV. I. p. 535. N. Lingua, Hook.\Syn Fil. 350, im part, and p. 512. Bedd. masupr. 7. 385. 328 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. Sikkim and Bhotan, 4,000-6,o00 feet elevation ; Khasya, 3,000-5,000 feet. This is very near the Japan Lingua, but it appears to differ sufficiently to be considered a species, besides the filamen- tous hairs radiating round thescales, which it requires a magnifying glass to detect, the habit is somewhat different and the scales of the rhizome more free and copious. 5. NIpHOBOLUS PANNOSUS. (JZe/¢.) Rhizome wide-creeping, slender, scales linear, dark coloured, closely adpressed ; stipes up to 6 inches long, stellately scaly ; fronds lanceolate up to 6 inches long by 1% inch broad, nar- rowed at both ends, coriaceous, glabrous above, at least in age, beneath densely matted with stellate scales, the rays of which are hair-like ; areoles in about seven series between the costa and margin, each including 2— 4 veinlets which are simple, forked, free, or variously anas- tomosing ; sori crowded, rather small, 5-6 in a row between the main veins, not reaching the margins. JMett. Kuhn. NIPHOBOLUS PANNOSUS. (AZe?t.) Linn. 36, p. 141. Hook, Syn, Fil, 512. Niphobolus Lingua, Bedd. #. S. L. ¢. 240. Ceylon, up to 3,000 feet elevation ; ‘Tenasserim. 6. NiIPHOBOLUS sTIGMOsUS. (Sw.) Rhizome wide-creeping, stout rufous-paleaceous with slender subulate scales ; stipes subaggregate, 1-63 inches long, angled; fronds a span to 13-2 feet and more long, 1-2-3 inches and more broad, firm, coriaceous, in age glabrous above, beneath densely stellate-tomentose and subfurfuraceous (tomen- tum forming a close coat), Janceolate or suboblanceolate acuminate, \ \ \ Khasya, 2,000—3,000: feet, Paras- \\ ! FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 329 gradually tapering below and decurrent upon the stipes, costules distinct, elevated on the under side; sori immersed, very minute and numerous, arranged in compact closely placed lines or series between the costules and in equally-compact series transversely with them ; areoles in about ro series between the costa and margin, each in- cluding many veinlets which are much branched and anastomosing. eee 7, P27. 29, 226. N. costatus, Hook. Sp. fil. v. 50. Wail. ae 205., bead. f B. 1..t. 120. Himalayas, from Gurwhal to Bhotan, 2,oco—6,000 feet elevation, magi 92,500 feet; ‘Tenasserim ; Golcondah Hills West of Vizaga- patam. My Birma specimens have very long stipes and the frond scarcely decurrent, my Himalaya and Viza- gatam specimens have the frond very much decurrent, and the stipe very short. 7. NIPHOBOLUS SUBFURFURA- cEuS. (fook.) Rhizome short, branched, creeping, the younger branches paleaceous with ferruginous subulate scales, stipes subaggregated, 4-5 inches long, nearly glabrous, yipyoroius sticMosus. (Szw.) fronds 24-30 inches long, 4—5 inches wide, broad-lanceolate or oblanceolate, sharply acuminated below, gradually and much attenuated upon the stipes, glabrous above, minutely sellate-tomentose beneath, the tomentum thin, firm and close so as to appear subfurfuraceous or compactly pannose of a whitish colour, costa stout, costules evident but not elevated; vena- tion indistinct, quite that of true Campyloneuron, the areoles from I5—20 in a series between the costa and the margin, each with numerous (8—g) included free or scarcely anastomosing soriferous vein- lets ; sori rather small, elevatéd, subglobose (not in the least sunk), 330 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. forming as many arched series between the costules as there are areoles. | look. Sp. Fal. v.52. Bedd. 7. BD Tiago: Bhotan and Mishmee. The areoles are much more numerous than in stigmosus, and the included veinlets also more numerous, but much less anastomosing, the fronds in my specimens are of thinner texture, the veinlets being visible (without soaking the frond). 8. NipHopo.tus Fissus. (4/.) Rhizome creeping, paleaceous with ferruginous scales, stipes eg- gregated short scarcely any or 3—5 inches long, and then winged or margined to the base ; fronds car- nose-coriaceous 6 inches to a foot and more long, 3 an inch to 1-14 inch wide, lanceolate or linear-lan- ceolate or even linear, often finely acuminated, the margin quite entire (or rarely spuriously and very un- equally pinnatifid with remote long and narrow segments), from near the middle gradually attenuated downwards to the caudex, at first wholly tomentose with ferruginous stellated hairs, at length glabrous on the upper side and depressed- purctate, the dots corresponding NIPHOBOLUS FIssus. (&/.) with the sori; venation quite sunk, veins pinnate but not prominent, venules transversely parallel and forming with the veins parallelogrammoid areoles (about five between costa and margin), with two, sometimes only one, excurrent free clavate veinlets in each areole ; sori copious and at first quite sunk among the tomentum appearing in the form of small tubercles, at length a circular opening appears, but the sori scarcely rise above the surface of the tomentum, arranged in series. Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 58, 7. 24. Niph. porosus, Hook. Sp. Fil.v. 48. Bedd. #. S. £7. 183. eS FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 331 Polypodium porosum, Wall. Cat. n. 266. Niph. Schmidianus, Kze. Bot. Zeit. vi. p. 121. Polyp. mysurense (Heyne), Wall. Cat. 260. Niph. floccigerus (AZe¢t.), Bedd. F. Sup. t. 386. South India, Western mountains, 3,o00-8,0o00 feet elevation ; Ceylon, central provinces ; Himalayas and Khasya, 2,000~7,000 feet elevation; Malay Peninsula. (The Khasya floccigerus only differs in the fronds being narrower.) 9. NIPHOBOLUS FLOCCULOSUS. \ (Don.) Rhizome short, stout densely \ scaly, especially at base of stipes, with finely subu'ate golden scales ; stipes 2-8 inches long, aggregated, clothed as are the fronds with dense whitish or brownish stellate tomentum; fronds 4-16 inches long by 2-13 broad, carnore-coria- ceous, lanceolate, finely acuminate, subsinuate, moderately attenuated and decurrent, or broad and une- qually hastate at the base, in age glabrous above and blackish punc- (Se tate, venation immersed, costules eee ion indistinct, areoles 9-16 each with |“ * 3-5 included veinlets which are ~ generally free, simple or forked, More farely anastomosing with a N!PHOBOLUs FLoccuLosus. (Diz) veinlet from the top of the areole; sori scarcely sunk, small but slightly elevated above the tomentum, very copious, arranged in regular rows between the costules. Don. Frod. Fl. Nep. 1. N. Getersibilis, Z7ook: Sp. fil. v: 49. Bedd. F. B. I ¢. 162. P: costa- tum, Wall. Cat. 265, partly. messed = = Con ene TN — b\ meas, I a eels Va — nrc ne S Himalayas, Gurwhal to Bhotan, up to 5,000 feet elevation, Khasya, extending into the Sylhet plains. to, NIPHOBOLUS GARDNERI. (Jef/en.) Rhizome short-creep- ane FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. ing, the younger portions densely ferrugineous-paleaceous ; stipes approximate, arising from a scaly branch of the caudex, 2-4 inches long; fronds about a foot long, carnose-coriaceous lanceolate, ob- ss tusely acuminate, gradually atten- > 0 O 2. clothed with a very compact firm sub-furfuraceous mass of whitish or ferruginous stellated tomentum, costa and primary veins or cos- tules slightly elevated beneath, venation of Campyloneurum, secondary transverse veins more obscure, areoles about 7 between the main costa and margin, éach including 2-4 veinlets, which are generally simple with a clavate apex, rarely forked and rarely anastomosing with adjoining veinlets; sori superficial (not sunk) in 3-4 series, parallel with the cos- tules and 10-12 transverse series between the costa and the margin. Metten. Polypod. p. 129. Fook. Sp. fil. v. 51... Badd se EN2AT. Ceylon, rocks and trees in central and southern provinces up to 3,000 feet ; South India, Ana- mallay Hills, 5,000 feet elevation. ® S (e) NIPHOBOLUS GARDNERI. (JZ?éz.) 11. NIPHOBOLUS PENANGI- ANUS. (Hook.) Rhizome short- creeping ; stipes scarcely any; fronds submembranaceous, 14 : foot and more long, 23inches wide, NIPHOBOLUS PENANGIANUS. (Hoo?.) oblanceolate finely acuminate, the base much and gradually attenuated, sessile, the margin irregularly sinuated, glabrous above (at least in maturity), beneath thinly clothed with fuscous stellated hairs, venation’ internal, but manifest uated upon the stipes, densely — FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 333 when viewed between the eye and the light, costules not elevated, areoles 10-12 between the costa and the margin, including 2-4 simple or forked clavate soriferous veinlets; sori prominent (not sunk), forming a broad mass in the disk of the upper half of the frond, not reaching the margin; capsules mixed with long stipitate peltate stellated scales. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 52. Hook. Ic. Fl. t. 203. Gon, Fil. 83, Polycarpium, Fr. Bedd. F. B. I. 0. 121%. : Penang, Tenasserim (Parish). 12. NIPHOBOLUS BoorTHIi. (Hfook.) Rhizome short with lan- ceolate-linear golden scales; stipes 8-16 inches long, and stout in pro- portion, tawny brown, paleaceous, #% with imbricating ferruginous lanceo- late scales only at the very base; frond carnose-coriaceous, 16-24 inches long, 3-4 inches wide, el- liptic-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, moderately attenuated, glabrous, and punctated above with minute black- ish dots (probably corresponding with the receptacles of the sori), beneath covered with a dense vel- vety mass of ferruginous stellated tomentum ; primary costular veins evident but not prominent, united by transverse: arched veins, forming many series of areoles, each with few included veinlets, whichare much branched or anastomosing; SOL NIPHOBOLUS MUMMULARLEFOLIUS. small, partially sunk in the tomentum (Aleit. ) forming transverse lines between the costules and as many as there are phealcs. +. /200k. Sp. Fil. v.53. Bedd. F.B. 1. ¢. 258. Bhotan. 334 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 13. NIPHOBOLUS NUMMULARIAFOLIUS. (Sw. under Acrostichum). Rhizome slender wide-creeping, filiform, clothed with bright ferru- ginous lanceolate fibrillose scales ; fronds dimorphous, carnose-coria- ceous, the barren ones roundish or elliptical, subsessile 3-1 inch each way, the fertile ones longer and narrower, 14-2 inches long, 4-3 inch broad, upper surface naked, at least in age, lower densely coated with loose ferruginous woolly tomentum ; veins forming areoles - irregular in size and shape, empty or with one free veinlet, marginal veinlets free ; sori close, scattered, sometimes covering the whole surface. Sz. Syn. Fil. 191, 419 fo 2. Polyp. nummulariefolium. Mett. Farngati Polyp. 122, ¢. 3. Flook. Sp. Fil. v. 54. Sya Palas Bedd. F. B. I, t. 320. Galeoglossa, Pres?. East Bengal, Bhotan, Assam, Khasya, Cachar, up to 2,500 feet elevation. There is a variety from Khasya (obovatum, Mett.) with the sterile fronds obovate on a ¢ inch petiole. This species is abnormal in the genus, I do not think it is a Niphobolus at all, but probably a Drymoglossum. GENUS LXITL—DIPTERIS. (feznw.) (Di, two; pleris, fern—the fan-like fronds in two parts.) Fronds adherent to the caudex, flabellate in two halves which are deeply lobed from their circumference in the direction of the base, secondary veins forming many areoles, including free or netted veinlets ; sori punctifurm, numerous, scattered small, or in a single series. 1. Dipreris WaLuicHt. (47.) Rhizome stout, creeping, clothed with appressed copious black hard subulate setaceous scales wrinkled at the back; stipes 1-2 and more feet long, smooth and polished, distant erect ; fronds coriaceous, 1-25 feet long and much wider than long, dark-green above, whitish or ferruginous beneath, flabelliform bipartite into two nearly equal broad-cuneate portions which are palmately and dichotomously divided, ultimate segments 6-10 inches long, 13-2 inches wide, oblong acuminate; costz from the summit of the stipes dichotomously branched through the: N°O18 4. ' — RS A eS SS CSP = REV FO REA (Br.) DIPTERIS WALLICHII. 336 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. disk of the frond, a single pair runs through each terminal segment connivent at the apices; venation manifest prominent beneath, all the coste are united by transverse flexuose costules, these by a lon- gitudinal flexuose vein through the middle into two nearly equal series of costular areoles, then again into lesser ones all subquadran- gular; sori small, superficial copious, scattered in the areoles, but generally in series more or less perfect and accompanied by a resinous or gummy substance. #. Br.tn Hook. and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 168-9. Hook. Sp. Fil. v.99.. Wall. Cat..n. 287. Bedd. LB aes /} Khasya, up to 4,000 feet,’ Mi Borpani, 2,000 feet, and elsewhere, Cachar, at Luckipoor, 250 feet elevation, Jaintea, Sylhet station — in the plains. | 2. DipreRis HORSFIELDIIL. ° (4r.) Stipe strong, 3-5 feet long ; frond 1-3 feet long, and much broader, the main lobes reaching three-quarters of the way down, the edges sharply toothed, texture subcoriaceous, upper surface dark- green, lower very glaucous, main | \j veins very prominent, dichoto- No las mously forked ; areoles copious ; DIPTERIS HoRSFIELDI. (Br) * sorl very minute, scattered irreg- ularly, especially plentiful near the main veins, confluent, not gummy. &. Br. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. p. 99. Bedd. F..B. I. t. 321. Polyp. conjugatum, Aaw7. (nor fae Polyp. Dipteris (B/.), Hook. Syn. Fil. 362. Malacca, Penang and Singapore. (Also in the Malay and Pacific Islands.) 3. Dipreris Loppiana. (//ook.) Stipes 1 foot and more long; fronds coriaceous, 8—12 inches long, flabelliform, glabrous, 3-4 times ed apn oan DRYNARIA RCN E SER RO Se & SA NK SSREREE xt sisttns ATS aero ee, WIS SRG SENG RUSE: a r ey AA} we EAT Ta EEN <<: Mpx ¥* ‘s as Ess CEN s. (Wall.) Z CORONA 23 338 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. digitately dichotomous, dark brownish-green above, pale and tawny beneath,.segments 4-8 inches long, scarcely half an inch wide, linear- sublanceolate, finely acuminated costate entire ; venation manifest, the costules form a costal series of large soriferous areoles, the rest of the veins unite, constituting lesser areoles and include free veinlets ; sori 1-2 in each primary areole (sometimes confluent) in a single — series very near the costa. Hook. Sp. Hil. v. 100. Hook. in Kew Gard. Misc: v. p. 300, ¢. x1. Bedd. F. B. 1.23225 Polgpodianas bifurcatum, Baker in Syn. Fil. p. 362. Malacca, on Mount Ophir. GENUS LXIV.—DRYNARIA. (Bory.) (Dryads, the sterile fronds being like oak-leaves, a tree sacred to the | Dryads.) : Fronds articulate with the caudex, with either a separate sterile frond like an oak leaf, or the base of the frond pinnatifid and oak- leaf-like ; veins copiously anastomosing, forming quadrate or hex- agonal areoles ; sori small, round or oval, numerous 1. DRYNARIA CORONANS. (Wall.) Rhizome thick, creeping, branched and interwoven, villous-paleaceous with golden scales ; fronds large uniform, when growing arranged in a circle, firm, coria- ceous, but rather thin and translucent, two and more feet long, from a broad sessile cordate, lobate-pinnatifid base (then suddenly con- tracted), lanceolate, deeply almost to the rachis pinnatifid, segments 8-12 inches long, 3-1 inch and more wide, oblong-lanceoJate, acu- minate, lower ones gradually shorter, entire, incrassated at the margin ; venation very manifest, costules parallel extending to the margin, these are connected by transverse veins forming 5—6 soriferous areoles and then again generally two or three others which include free veinlets; sori oval, often confluent longitudinally, solitary in the primary areoles, forming an eccentric series always nearer one costule than the opposite one. Wall. Cat. n. 288. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 94. - grey, fibrillose, adpressed ; oR ge eae ° ; long, 2-5 inch broad; main FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 339 bed. & B. /. ¢. 13. WD. conjugata, Hook. Syn. Fil. 366 (not Lam.) Himalayas, Nepal to Bhotan, 1,000-4,000 feet elevation, rare, Khasya, 1,000-3000 feet common, Chittagong Hills, 500 feet eleva- tion; Tenasserim and Malay Peninsula. | (Also in Hong Kong and Formosa.) 2. DRYNARIA SPLENDENS. (/Zook.) Rhizome woody, the scales rz QP al/ J) TS tay fronds subsessile, 2—3 feet long, 1 foot or more broad, the lower part barren, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into erect-patent entire acute lobes “9 4-8 inches long, 1-2 inches broad, the upper fertile pinnze distant, ligulate, 4-8 inches veins distinct, with distinct transverse veinletsand copious *~.\\\\\ | Ree intermediate ones and free veinlets ; sori oblong or sub- quadrangular, filling up the whole of the fertile pinnz ex- cept the midrib. Hook. Sp. Hee soo. Syn. fil, 3267. DRYNARIA SPLENDENS. (fo0%.) meade. f. B./.t. 316. Dryostachyum, /.' Sm. Singapore. (Also in the Philippines.) 3. DRYNARIA PROPINQUA. (Wadl.) Rhizome stout, creeping, the scales lanceolate-linear pubescent ; fronds glabrous dimorphous, the barren ones 4~9 inches long, 3—4 inches broad, cut half or three- - quarters down into bluntish or acute lobes, the fertile ones 13-3 feet long, often 1 foot broad, with a distinct stem, the lobes 4—6 inches long, 3-3 inch broad, reaching down nearly or quite to the rachis, Rr lg \ ie ts t N ‘ m ~ 2 i ) \, iy a5 / XY t Ay 5 ts tea TY x \ é Vel { = u OOS VV, \ e . 7 M { SAE \. ~ Ps Te. X . Se Z } AS \ } / J, 4 ' IX ‘ : » y ALS ae 4 an ‘ D i Py ne Z. \ Z t Z t | . \ N || | CoSese Se Se £5 s] SS Ss V ry x : ct S 1 : ~ ~ Hy ey S te eetiee z ~ 4 a at hoe i Hl s yy =~ S mS e, He |) Ho : X | 1) ee ~ “ “i a > . Cusp Aes = S . > | AS .CATTELL & COENCRAS. ~_~ rR & ~— DRYNARIA PROPINQUA. ee FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 341 obscurely serrated, texture subcoriaceous ; main veins of the fertile fronds ramifying, not carried in distinct parallel lines to the margin, areoles copious, the free veinlets few and variously directed ; sori in a single row near the midrib, placed at the point of union of several memlcts. Wall. Cat. 293. Hook. Syn. Fil. 367.- Bedd. Fo B. TI. Z. 160. Pleopeltis Parishii, Bedd. F. B. I. ¢. 121: Himalayas, from Gurwhal to Bhotan, 2,000—7,000 feet elevation, Khasya, very common; Birma and Malay Peninsula. (Also in Java.) 4. DRYNARIA MOLLIS. (Sedd.) Rhizome creeping, clothed with subulate golden transparent ciliated scales; fronds firm-mem- branaceous dimorphous ; sterile ones 4-6 inches long, sessile ovate glabrous, deeply pinnatifid with the sinuses very narrow and the segments sometimes overlapping each other, fertile fronds very shortly stipitate (the dwarfed lower segments often extending nearly to the base of the rachis), ovate-lanceolate up to 13 feet long, 2-4 inches broad, furnished with soft hairs on both sides and ciliated, deeply almost to the rachis pinnatifid, segments lanceolate 1-2 inches long, 3-5 Inch broad, nearly horizontal, rather distant, the sinus being very broad, the lower ones dwarfed and gradually reduced to a de- current wing; venation very prominent in the sterile fronds, but much less so in the fertile ones than in D. propinqua; veins form- ing three or four series of rather regular areoles in which are some- times included free veinlets ; sori forming only a single series close to the costa, each sorus being on the vein between the first and second areole. Bedd. &. B. J. ¢. 216. Polyp. (Drynaria) rivale, Aeét. an Fook. Syn. Fil. p. 367, a later name. Himalayas, Nynee Tal, Gurwhal, Kumaon, 6,000-9,000 feet elevation. 5. DRYNARIA QUERCIFOLIA. (Z.) Rhizome creeping, short, stout, densely clothed with red-brown satiny lanceolate-subulate soft scales, which have a cordate base, and are 4-3 inch long; fronds coriaceous or subcoriaceous of two kinds, sterile ones varying in aAAa eS ae: See kgs iy fx Ss cuore: RS DRYNARIA MOLLIS. (Bedd.) o FEKNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 343 size from 3-12 inches and more long, and 7-8 inches wide, green when very young, but soon turning dark-brown, glossy, cordate-ovate variously lobate-pinnatifid, sometimes half-way downto the costa; fertile ones 2-3 feet long, long-petiolate broad-ovate deeply nearly to the rachis pinnatifid, segments 5—9 inches long, 1-13 inch wide, oblong acuminate, entire ; venation manifest, costules distinct rather distant, united by transverse veins forming 4—6 primary soriferous areoles filled up witha net-work of small quadrangular areoles with or without free veins; sori compital small, numerous, two in each primary areole, consequently in two series between and parallel OND with the costules. Polypodium quercifolium, Lz. Sp. Pl. p. 15.47. wi00n, SP. Fil. v. p..96. Bedd. fers, 7..7.°187. &» Throughout the Indianregion 32». in the plains, or very low down on the mountains, on trees or rocks. 6. DRYNARIA LinN#&zI1. (Bory ) Rhizome stout, the scales 1-2 lines long from a peltate base, broadly ovate obtuse, with a de- ciduous acumen; fronds dimor- phous the barren ones sessile, brown rigid, bluntly lobed, the fertile ones long-stalked 2-3 feet long, 6-12 inches broad, cut down nearly to the rachis, into entire erect-patent lanceolate lobes, texture rigid, both sides naked ; main veins distinct to the edge with copious irregular areoles between them, with copious small scattered sori. Lory. Ann. Sc. Nat.i. v. ~. 464,¢%.12. Hook. Syn. Fil. 368. mead. Fo BL. 3215. Ceylon; Malay Peninsula. Very like quercifolia, but the scales on the rhizome are quite different and the sori smaller and more scattered, it may be only a variety and is united with it by Bentham. DYRNARIA QUERCIFOLIA. (L7z7.) 344 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. I have seen no specimen from South India, but without critical examination it might be passed by in the field or in the herbarium as quercifolia. ! 7. DRYNARIA RIGIDULA. (Sw.) Rhizome stout creeping, the the scales fibrillose dark-brown, fronds dimorphous, the barren ones sessile, 6-9 inches long, rarely more, 3-4 inches broad, ey cut down 4-3 towards the quite pinnate at the apex, the fertile 2-4 feet long; 12-14 inches broad, long-stalked pin- nate, pinng one inch or more apart, narrowed or stalked at the base, 6-12 inches long, 4-2 Inch broad, the point acu- minate, the edge more or less deeply incised, crenate, tex- ture rather coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked, DRYNARIA RIGIDULA. (Sw) main veins not distinct to the edge, areoles copious, free veinlets few; sori immersed in a single row half-way between the edge and midrib. Siw. Syn. Fil. 230. Fook. Syn. Fil. 368. Drynaria diversifolia (R. Br.), Hook. Sp. Fil. vage. Bead. ff. Se 77. 3A. Malacca. | (Also in tropical Australia, Malay Islands, the tropical Pacific Islands.) GENUS LXV.—PLEOPELTIS. (@ & B.) (Pleos, full; eltis, shield—the sori often furaished with round scales.) Veins copiously anastomosing, forming copious irregular areoles, with generally free included veinlets spreading in various directions, rachis into blunt lobes, or rarely — — Pe FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. — 345 the sori various in position, generally on the back of united veinlets ; fronds simple, pinnatifid or pinnate, articulate with the caudex. In the Syxopsis Filicum Phymatodes is the name adopted for this genus (or subgenus only in that work); this name, however, is of much later date than Pleopeltis, having been instituted by Presl. in 1836, Pleopeltis by Humboldt and Bonpland in 1810. Some authors split the genus up into many genera. * Fronds simple (also 3-5 lobed in pteropus.) A. Main veins not distinct to the edge. 1. PLEOPELTIS ACCEDENS. (JSV/.) Rhizome wide-creeping, slender filiform, scarcely paleaceous, attached to the bark of trees by Cupious woolly radic'es, stipes scattered 2-5 lines long ; fronds sub- coriaceous, opaque, glabrous entire, sterile ones 1-14 inch long, oblong ovate obtuse, fertile ones 2-33 inches long, from a broad cuneate base, long-acuminate ; venation obscure, costules indistinct, veins forming three large areoles (in each of which is one large forked veinlet) and a smaller marginal areole; sori large for the size of the plant on the acuminated portion in a single series on each side of Hoewcosia. 62. Ln. Pl. Jav. p. 121. Hook. Sp. Fil, v. 66. Bedd. ee ae ee Malacca. . (Also in the Philippines, the Malay Islands, Polynesia.) 2, PLEOPELTIS ROSTRATA. (fook.) Rhizome very slender, wide-creeping, furnished with lanceolate-linear scales, stipes distant 4-2 inches long, naked; fronds lanceolate-acuminate, somewhat di- morphic, the barren often being broader, coriaceous glabrous, the margin entire ; veins immersed, main veins indistinct, areoles irreg- ular, including simple or forked free veinlets ; sori in a single row on each side close to the midrib. Hook. Syn. Fil. 353. Bedd. F. B. I. Z. 159. Sikkim and Bhotan, 6,000 feet elevation, abundant ; Khasya 4,000—5,000 feet elevation. 346 ©» FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND Caving —— 3. PLEOPELTIS LINEARIS. (Zhunb.) Rhizome wide-creeping, woody, the scales lanceolate dull-brown, never with hairs, stipes from | a few lines to 2 inches long, rarely with any scales ; fronds 6-12 inches long, rarely more, $—? inch broad, entire, narrowed gradually at both ~ ends, texture coriaceous, both sides naked or nearly so; areoles PLEOPELTIS ROSTRATA. (L/o00k.) irregular with forked free veinlets; sori superficial or scarcely 1m- mersed, never sunk in a cyst, large prominent, forming a single row half-way between the costa and margin, when young covered with copious thin peltate scales. Zhunb. Fl. Jap. 335. Hook. Syn. Fil. 354. Polyp. loriforme, Wall. Cat. 271, 2nd sheet (typi ie Wightianum, Wall. Cat. 2222, acutissimum, 4727, gladiatum, 279. ee ET ee a ee ee eS ee . oe a < hed form of linearis with the fronds pin- up to 2 feet long by 1-2 inches FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 347, Pleopeltis nuda, Hook. Exot. Fl. ¢. 63.° P. Wightianum, Bedd. mS. 7. 180. (P. loriforme, Wall. Cat. 271, type-sheet,. belongs here, I believe, and not to simplex, it has larger fronds, but they are narrow and coriaceous and the veins hidden.) Himalayas, 1,000-10,000 feet elevation, very common, | Khasya ; throughout South India; Ceylon; Malay Peninsula. (Also in the Malay Islands, China, Japan, Central and South Africa and its Islands.) VAR. STENISTE. (Clarke.) With the fronds only 1-1% lines broad and the sori projecting beyond (PR. » Ca co) 6 A We SAN the margin, but always superficial, el y Xe ° ° ° ° Be | ~ } \a\2 is only a form of linearis, and it | B Re a Ke ! 6i-) \\ | 3/® \ quite graduates into the type, his | 8) \i i var. “ polymorpha ” is an abnormal ~~ ee re) _@ © ~? ® a, a Mes —— Ye SPSS ee natifid (such as occurs in many . : | other ferns. ) ~ 4. PLEOPELTIS SIMPLEX. (Sv) \ Very like linearis, only the fronds are bees of thinner texture and much larger, Mg? broad, the veins more distinct, the sori always more or less deeply sunk and forming pustules on the N°194. Mopper side of the fronds, sometimes PIEOPELTIS LINEARIS. quite sunk in a cyst with visible margins, but never nearly so promi- nent as in stenophylla, which also differs in its smaller size, much more rigid texture and fewer veins. Sw. Syn. fil. 27. Polyp. (Lh 2020.) ~ excavatum (Lory.), Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 158. P. Grevilleanum, Wad. Gg75100.-P. sesquipedale, Wall. Cat. 275. P. lineare, var. 6 simplex, Hook, Syn. Fil. 354. Himalayas, confounded by Aooker (in his Sp. “i7.) and by Clarke with linearis, but kept distinct by all other botanists, and 348 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. made a distinct variety of linearis by Mr. Baker in the Syz. /7/., but Mr. Baker now agrees that it should be made a distinct species ; the scales of the rhizome differ from those of “ normalis,” but the fronds are almost exactly similar to that species, and I had previously confounded it with that (not with linearis.) 5. PLEOPELTIS CLATHRATA. (Clarke.) Rhizome short creep- ing, with ovate acute, often hair-pointed scales; fronds small, stipe often as long as the frond ; sori mixed with sessile irregularly peltate and lacerate clathrate scales. Clarke, F. NV. I. p. 559, ¢. 82, fig. 1. Kashmir, Pir Pinjul, 11,000-12,000 feet elevation. (Also in Afghanistan.) | Mr. Clarke thinks it may be high level form of linearis, but that the scales are peculiar, the texture thinner, the venation conse- quently more conspicuous, and the stipe longer. 6. PLEOPELTIS STENOPHYLLA. (JS/.) Rhizome creeping, palea- ceous, with glossy subulate pale imbricated ferruginous scales, stipes 1~—2 inches long, distant ; fronds firm-coriaceous, very rigid, glabrous polished, 4-9 inches long, 3—} inch, or rarely more wide, linear- oblong obtuse, the margin thickened and subreflexed, broadly crenate- sinuate, rarely narrowing upwards, but much and gradually attenuated below on the stipes; costa prominent beneath, costules none, veins anastomosing so as to form oblong, hexagonal oblique areoles, gene- rally quite em ty or with rarely a free included veinlet ; sori rather distant oval, arranged in a series close to the margin, deeply sunk in a cyst, forming elevated pustules on the upper side one to each crenature, the margin of the cavity elevated. 6/. Fil. Jav. p. 135, t 55,7 1. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 65." Alett.. Polyp. 200, tae eee venation. . bedd. FB. 1. 234. Mr. Clarke states that this comes between “linearis” type and his variety “steniste,” but both these ferns have different venation, and neither have the sori sunk in cysts; this has the sori always much nearer the margin than the midrib even in the broader forms. Malacca. (Also in the Philippines. ) eS se ee ee re eee Oe FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 349 7. PLEOPELTIS stNUosA. (JVall.) Rhizome much branched, long-creeping or scandent on trees, sparingly radiculose, half an inch to two inches thick, almost woody when dry, carnose when recent, studded, as it were, with large conical processes upon which the stipes are or have been articulated, and which appear to increase much in size after the fronds have fallen, the whole densely covered (as it were tessellated) with nearly orbicular appressed whitish peltate scales with a dark spot in the centre, EIDE s t—2 inches long, glabrous and scaleless ; fronds sub-dimor- phous, subcoriaceous glabrous, sterile ones 3-6-7 inches long, 31 inch broad, subelliptical, ob- long obtuse entire, fertile ones longer, sometimes 1 foot — 16 inches long, $-? of an inch wide, linear-oblong obtuse, the margins more or less sinuated, the base in both attenuate-decurrent ; ve- nation copiously anastomosing, forming large very irregular areoles filled with lesser ones (formed by more slender veins), and these include branched or simple vein- lets which occasionally again anastomose ; sori remote, large, oblong, immersed in cysts, which form pustules on the upper side arranged in a single series nearer the margin than the costa. [Vad ew, 2230... Hook. Sp. fil. v.61. Ledd. F. B.S. ¢..8. Malacca. (Also in the Solomon Islands, Amboyna and New Hebrides.) > PLEOPELTIS SINUOSA. (lVa//.) 8. PLEOPELTIS LONGIFOLIA. (JZe¢fen.) Rhizome horizontal, creeping, thick aus nOse stipes approximate, 2-3 inches long ; fronds 1-2-3 feet long, $-13 inch wide, thick, carnose-coriaceous, 350 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. glabrous, linear-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, gradually long atten- uated below on the stipes, entire, the margins subrevolute, venation internal, very indistinct, costules veniform, united by transverse veins into rather large areoles then / into irregular lesser ones, which include frée veinlets ; sori com- pital oblong, forming a line or close placed, sunk in cysts, and forming a corresponding elevated line on the upper sur- face, capsules mixed with long- stipitate scales. Metten. Polyp. p. 87. Look. Sp. Til. vaee Bidd. Ff. Bi Lt eee tiguum, Wall. Cat. 285. Birma and the Malay Peninsula generally, Mergui, Singapore, &c. ; North India, Cumaon. -(Also in the Philippines and Malay Islands.) 9. PLEOPELTIS SUPERFI- ciatis. (82) Rhizome wide- creeping, thick as a crow-quill, the scales ovate and lanceolate acute, spreading, brown shining, stipes up to six inches long, often curved, sometimes with ovate scales; fronds lanceo- NO196. late-linear (often forked at the PLEOPELTIS LONGIFOLIA. (J/eit.) apex), subcoriaceous, narrowed ‘gradually at both ends, the margins entire, 6-12 inches long, by 2-2 inches broad, glabrous; areoles numerous with free veinlets ; sori series near the margin rather ET ht 8 a ee a ee eae a ae SY en FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 351 2 copious scattered irregularly, compital, large or small. Polypodium superficiale, B/. An. Pl. Jav. Fil. 123. Hook. Syn. Fil. 355. Bedd. wen. 1.7.75. . Khasya Hills, 4,000-6,000 feet elevation, extending to the Naga country to the east, and to Bhotan and Mishmee ; Malay Peninsula. (Also in South China.) to. PLEOPELTIS LANCEOLATA. (Z.) Rhizome _long-creeping, paleaceous, with lanceolate ferruginous scales, stipes remote, 1-2-4 inches long; fronds coriaceous, 3-9 inches long, 7-% inch wide, lanceolate, more or less acuminate, long and gradually attenuated at the base, copiously furnished with orbicular ovate, small appressed peltate scales dark in the centre, pale in the circumference and den- ticulate; veins immersed indistinct, the primary veins form large obliquely elongated areoles, which include very irregular and different sized areoles, and a few free veinlets which are rarely forked; sori generally very large and often exceedingly prominent, pulvinate glo- bose or oval, stalked scales mixed with the spore cases. Polyp. lan- eeolatam, 22777. Sp. P/.- 1082. P. lepidota, Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 56. Worms Schlecht Adunbr., ~p. 17. Bedd. BF. S. Lf. ¢. 181. P. angustata var. depauperata, Clarke, F. WN. I. p. 559. Nilgiris and higher mountains on the West side of the Madras Presidency ; Assam (one poor specimen in Kew Herbarium); Cey- lon, Ambawalla estate. (Also in Tropical America and the West Indies, South Africa and its islands; St. Helena ; Sandwich Islands.) 11. PLEOPELTIS ANGUSTATA. (Sz.) Rhizome’ long-creeping, branched, paleaceous with falcate subulate-setaceous scales, stipes remote, 13-4 Inches long; fronds 5 inches to a span or more long 3_» inches wide, tapering below into a petiole, glabrous above, clothed beneath with cottony tomentum which is deciduous, coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate; venation sunk obscure, costular areoles with free or branched and more or less connected veinlets ; sori very large, subglobose oval, partially sunk in the frond, very convex, Ls eee ~ Fi oR 3 bs ae ed a se A.S.CATTELL &GIENGS. (Z.) PLEOPELTIS LANCEOLATA, FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON, 353 forming a single series on each side between the costa and margin, generally towards the apex only, sometimes longitudinally confluent. Sw. Syn. Fil. pp. 27 and 224. Niphobolus angustatus, Hook. Sp. Beey 4s. Bead. FS. f. ¢t. 185. Niphopsis, 7. Sm. .Pleopeltis macrosora, Pres?. Polypodium spherocephalum, Wad/. Cat. n. 272. Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Malacca, and Penang. South India (?) I have never detected it, though I have a specimen said to have been collected on the Nilgiris, and Hooker gives Tranquebar as | a locality. (Also in the Malay Islands and North-east Australia.) 12, PLEOPELTIS NORMALIS. (Doz.) Rhizome scandent, thick as a crowquill, with ovate or lanceolate almost hair- pointed adpressed scales, which carry erect from their backs tufts of linear stiff black-red bristles; fronds narrowed much at the base, sometimes to the very foot of the stipe, usually broadest near the middle, 1-2 feet long, by 1—2 inches broad, submembranaceous glabrous, a few scattered ovate close-adpressed scales often present on the stipes and near the base of the main rachis beneath; venation as in linearis, main veins very indistinct and areoles with free included veinlets ; sori large, super- ficial or a little immersed, often in several rows, or irregularly in one row, or rarely regular in one row. Don. Prod. Hl. Nep. 1. Clarke, Beers. Siook. Syn. Lil. 358, in part. Bedd. F. B. I*?, io, P. longifrons, Wol/. Cat. 274. Himalayas, Nepal to Bhotan, 4,000-8,0o00 feet elevation, Khasya, 3,000-5,000 feet; Tenasserim on Mooleyit 5,000 feet elevation. B. Main veins distinct to the edge, or nearly to the edge. 13. PLEOPELTIS RHYNCOPHYLLA, (/Zook.) Rhizome creeping, slender, paleaceous, subsquarrose with subulate ferruginous scales, stipes scattered, slender, 1-2 inches long of the sterile frond, 2-4 of the fertile one ; fronds firm, subcoriaceous, glossy, slightly thickened, remotely crenate, sterile ones 1-2 inches long, elliptical, or subovate, obtuse, fertile ones 3-6 inches long, lanceolate from near the base, 24 354 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. gradually and long-acuminated, below attenuated ; venation distinct, slightly prominent, the costules connected by transverse veins forming areoles which enclose free veinlets, which latter sometimes unite with opposite veins; the sori mostly confined to the narrow acumi- nated apex, and when mature very large in a single series on each side of the costa. ook. Sp. Fil. v. 65. Hook. Lc. Plant. 655 (ort. 55 of Cent. of Ferns.) Bedd. F. B. I. ¢. 9. : Khasya, 4,000-5,500 feet eleva- tion; Tenasserim on Mooleyit, 5,000 feet elevation. 3 | 14. PLEOPELTIS GRIFFITHIANA. (Hook.) Rhizome wide-creeping, as thick as a crowquill, the scales dense, lanceolate-subulate, brown, spreading ; stipes 3-6 inches long, firm, erect ; fronds 6-8 inches long, up to 24 inches broad, coriaceous, lanceolate or ovate- lanceolate, the apex acute, the margin more or less repand, the base rounded or suddenly narrowed ; main veins very distinct to the edge, areoles fine, hidden lets ; sori large, one between each main vein in a single row close to the costa, often extending more than half-way to the base of the frond. Hook. Syn. Fil. PLEOPELTIS RHYNcoPHYLLA, 2: 359- Bedd. &. B. L. ¢. 158. (Hook.) Sikkim and Bhotan, 6,000-9,000 feet elevation. Khasya, 4,000-5,000 feet. 15, PLEOPELTIS OvaTA. (JVall.) Rhizome wide-creeping, with copious free simple or forked vein- | ~ FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 355 ‘thick as a crowquill, scales lanceolate-linear, brown spreading ; stipes 4-8 inches long, firm, erect, slightly scaly below ; fronds 6-12 inches long, up to 3 inches broad, ovate-lanceolate, the apex acute, the margin entire, the base narrowed suddenly, texture herbaceous, both sides glabrous ; main veins distinct to nearly the edge, with copious areoles including free forked veinlets ; sori large irregularly scattered near the costa. Polypodium ovatum, Wal/. Cat. 276. Hook. Syn. mee nq, edd f. B. J. ¢. 157. Sikkim, Chundaghir, Bhotan, Khasya, 4,000 feet elevation, at Bishop’s Falls, Shillong, rare. oe i ae i es) 16. PLEOPELTIS MEMBRANACEA. (Don.) Rhizome short-creeping, stout, the younger portion palea- ceous, with blackish-green ovate acuminate scales ; stipes distant or subaggregated, 1-5 inches long, if longer winged above with the de- current base of the frond; fronds 6 inches to 2-3 feet long, by less than an inch to 6 inches broad, thin membranaceous and translu- cent, lanceolate or oblong-lanceo- late, or oblanceolate, acuminate, the base long attenuated and much : gradually decurrent upon the stipes, PLEOPELTIS GRIFFITHIANA. (LZo0k.) glabrous, the margin entire (or rarely more or less deeply sinuate- lobate or pinnatifid, and even fimbriated throughout the whole length with long narrow unequal segments) ; venation very distinct, main veins horizontal or nearly so, slender, usually remote, connected by transverse veins which form the primary areoles, and these are filled up with irregular net-work, of which the areoles are very unequal and include copious free veinlets ; sori compital, rather small, usually in two series between the costules, more or less numerous according ay ST) 2a gs i, & E | # STOR GO: Seance NS : \ Seo 3 es eee, cay r% =) oie i SSty oe, a SS.CATTELLECPENES. | (Wall.) PLEOPELTIS OVATA. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 359 to the width of the frond, rarely reduced to one sorus near the costa, _ where a single series parallel with the costa is formed, not unfre- quently there are 3-4-5 series (not very regular) between the costa, (in one instance a single series only appears between the costules, and those of a very large size and abnormal in form, often oval or oblong and lying parallel with the costules). Don. Prod. Fl. Nep. p. 2: flooker Sp. Fil. v.70. Polyp. grandifolium, Wall. Cat. n. 282. Peeececrocarpum, L/. (il. Jav. p. 167, 7.75. Bedd. F. S. 1. t. 177. Himalayas, from Gurwhal and Bhotan, 3,000-8,000 feet eleva- tion, Khasya, 2,000~-5,000 feet, Chota Nagpore, Parasnath ; South India, mountainous tracts on both sides of the Presidency, 2,000-5,000 feet elevation; fronds varying from 3 inch to 5 inches in breadth ; Ceylon. It only appears with the rainy season and dies down in November. 17. PLEOPELTIS ZIPPELLII. (/.) Rhizome slender, creeping shortly, scales lanceolate acute; fronds lanceolate, often quite caudate at the apex, narrowed gradually at the base into a short stipe (or more rarely there is a stipe about 2 inches long), subcoriaceous, margin entire or a little undulate, lower part of the rachis beneath sometimes with a few scales ; primary veins prominent and near the margin, areoles copious, with free included simple of forked veinlets ; sorl compital in two rows between the primary veins and in about four rows between the costa and margin. B/. Pl. Jav. Fil. 172, ¢. 80. Flook. Sp. Fil. v. 72. Pleopeltis heterocarpa, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 360, (not Bl.) Bedd. F. B. I. 319, (venation not correct, as not showing the free veinlets.) Himalayas, Dalhousie (Dyas), Sikkim and Bhotan, 2,000- 6,000 feet elevation, Khasya, 2,000-4,000 feet elevation, (not in Ceylon as stated by Clarke). (Also in Java and Philippines.) 18. PLEOPELTIS PUNCTATA. (Linn. under Acrostichum.) Rhizome scarcely creeping, stout, clothed with brownish ovate or lanceolate scales; fronds 1-3 feet long, :—3 inches broad, lanceolate, subsessile, 358 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. , gradually narrowed at the base, acute or blunt at the apex, carnose- coriaceous, very glabrous; venation immersed (visible in a dried state), main veins fine but distinct to the margin, areoles copious, including smaller areoles, in which are free simple or forked veinlets, with clavate apices ; sori compital, very small and scattered very irregularly, generally only on the upper half of the frond. Zzun. Sp. Pl. 1524. Sw. in Schr. Jour. 1800, i. 21. Pleopeltis irioides, Hook. Syn. Fil. 360. Bedd. FS. 7.t178. Wall. Cat. 281;-glabrumiteq@ ere: polycephalum. | ‘ South India, Western mountains up to about 3,000 feet elevation; Ceylon; North India, in the Bengal plains, and up to 3,000 feet elevation; Malay Peninsula. ; (Also in China, Malay Islands, North Australia, Polynesia, Southern and Central Africa and the islands. 19. PLEOPELTIS MUS#FOLIA. (62). In every way like punctata, so that the same description will do for both, except that the texture in this is, like that of ni- grescens and hemionitidea, thin and papery, with the veins very prominent, N°20I. whilst punctata has fleshy leaves, in tex- PLEOPELTIS PUNCTATA. ture like ‘Thamnopteris) Nadusig 2s, ee = (27) Jav. p. 171, 4. 79. Hook. Syn. Fil. 36 op: AUANTO. vok. Syn. Fil. 360. LLL RR SBI eye Malacca. (Also in the Malay Islands.) 20, PLEOPELTIS HEMIONITIDEA. (Wal/.) Rhizome creeping, scaly, furnished with wiry scaly fibrous roots; stipes scaly, winged upwards ; fronds 6 inches to 14 foot long, 1-2 inches broad, mem- branaceous subchartaceous, subtransparent very dark shining green, broad lanceolate, gradually acuminated into a fine point at the apex FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 359 and gradually attenuated at the Ease, being winged nearly all down the stipe, entire glabrous, costa slightly scaly beneath near the base ; venation very prominent, main veins blackish, pinnate nearly hori- zontal, areoles in about five series, subquadrate, in which are free veinlets which are either simple or forked, but without clavate apices ;: sori compital, rather large, forming one series between the main veins very irregular in shape and size, subglobose or oblong, or even (by confluence) linear. Wall. Cat. p. 284. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 73. wiedd. ff B. /. t. 182. South India, on the Western h mountains, rather common in Coorg, i 3,000 feet elevation, rare elsewhere. f DY : BY A a Himalayas, Nepal, Bhotan, 2,000— NA fe . is sf S oF ~ 7,000 feet elevation, Khasya, 1,000 KA KE. : a AON Es) nee -5,000 feet elevation, Chittagong, k-4>4 RS Peg a\ ss INCA REE SS 1,000 feet elevation. = DN SSS 25 . ; 3 Ro SSE OE (Also in South China and Ma- =2 ed A ir ste aoe WHS lay Island OARS OY ay Islands. : CARS A AS AWW ie NJ 3 Ln) ——— SNe palin S 21. PLEOPELTIS PTEROPUS. = SN i Sg ; ORES (47.) Aquatic, rhizome creeping, =o branched, the young apices only Ag paleaceous, with blackish lanceolate- = Oe ) . y sy subulate scales ; stipes more or less (¥> EA apart, 1-3-4 inches to 1 foot long, winged upwards, and as well as the back of the costa and costules fur- =." : se N°202. furaceous-squamose ; fronds 2-3-9 “ : ey ’ : PLEOPELTIS HEMIONITIDEA, (Wa//.) inches long, #-13 and 2 inches wide, firm membranaceous, very dark dirty green (when dry often black), lanceolate acuminate entire, or 3-lobate, or 3-partite, or 5-lobed, terminal lobes up to 8 inches long, lateral ones 3-5 inches, below long-tapering into a gradually decurrent wing upon the petiole, glabrous above, margin entire; venation very conspicuous, main ' veins prominent beneath, rather wide apart, extending about two- thirds of the way to the margin, then uniting and forming large costal PLEOPELTIS PTEROPUS. (4/.) | e FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 361 areoles, within which the sori have their origin, a second series of smaller areoles is formed nearer the margin, and these and the rest of the frond are filled up with a net-work of smaller irregular areoles, ‘including free simple or forked veinlets which have clavate apices ; sori small not very numerous, 1-3 in each large areole, compital upon the secondary veins of the primary areole, often confluent into transverse, oblong or linear (grammi- toid) sori. Bl. Fl. Jav. Fil. 168, 7. 76. Polypodium tri- dactylon, Wall. Cat. n. 315. flook. Sp. Fil. v.75. Hook. peru. Wc. Fil. ¢. 209, Bedd. F. B. I. t. 11. North India, Sikkim and Bhotan, 1,000-4,000 feet elevation ; Khasya from no elevation up to 4,000 feet, in the plains at Mymen- singh, Chittagong, plains up to 1,000 feet; Malay Peninsula. (Also in the Philip- pines and South China.) VAR. MINOR. Fronds always small and simple 3-4 inches long, by 3-2 inch broad, never lobed. wed. I S.7.t. 179. South India, Anamallays and Bolampatty Valley, 3,000-4,000 feet elevation, in rivers on rocks under water, fructifying when the water subsides after the rainy season; Ceylon. This may not be entitled to rank as a permanent variety, as Mr. Clarke says the North PLEOPELTIS PTEROPUS. VAR. MINOR. (BL) 362 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. Indian plant is small and simple at the higher elevations; but I never saw 3-lobed examples in South India or Ceylon, or fronds more than about 4 inches long. VAR. ZOSTERZFORMIS. (Wall. Cat. 280.) Fronds very narrow and ribbon-like, 4-7 inches long, by 1-3 lines broad. Hook. Syn. fil. 357. Bedd. F. B. J. t. 123. Baker is wrong in saying there are no free veinlets ; it differs from the last in no way except in the nar- rowness of the fronds, and it is certainly only a local variety. Tenasserim, beds of rivers at the foot of Mooleyit. ** Fyonds deeply pinnatifid. (Thunb.) Rhizome creeping, stout, paleaceous with dense subulate or hair-pointed falcate ferruginous scales; stipes 2-5 inches long ; fronds coriaceous, 2-12 inches and more long, deltoid-ovate acuminate, trifid or deeply pinnatifid to within half an inch of the rachis, with 5-11 segments, which are 3-6 inches long, } to 1 inch wide, very patent from a broad base oblong-lanceolate, very finely acuminated entire or repand or denticulate, thickened at the margin, the lowest ones cuneate-decurrent, terminal segment often the longest and most narrowly acuminated ; venation conspicuous, main veins often prominent beneath, distant, united by transverse veins forming 3-4 series of primary areoles, which are filled up by lesser ones including free veinlets ; sori large not sunk, arranged in a single series nearer the costa than the margin. Zhunb. Hl. Jap. 335. Polypodium oxylobum, Wall. Cat. 294. Bedd. F. S. f. t..175.. Pleopeltis trifida, Doz. PLEOPELTIS HASTATA. (Z/uz20.) 22. PLEOPELTIS | fiAsa Agnes FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 363 Frod. FH. Nep.3. Hook, Syn. Fil. 363. Pleopeltis malacodon, Bedd. Lf. Sup. t. 387. Young rhizomes often produce only very small fronds, which are simple or trilobate only; (var. Thunbergii, Clarke). This fern can at once be known from malacodon by the base of the lowest pair of pinne (7.e., base of the frond) being always a little decurrent on the apex of the stipe, (not scooped out and subcordate) and in being subentire or only a little denticulate instead of acutely serru- late ; Mr. Clarke, however, is wrong in saying that it is always quite entire, my specimens (looked at under a lens) are always more or less toothed. Throughout the Indian region on the mountains; in South India between 5,000-8,600 feet elevation ; in the North 2,000 to 10,000 feet. 23. PLEOPELTIS MALACODON. (fZook.) In all respects like hastata, only that the base of the frond is scooped out and subcordate (instead of being a little decurrent), and the margins are acutely serrulate, the teeth mucronate or spinescent. ook. Sp, Fil. v. 87. Peeotewart, Clarke, 2. WV. J. p. 563, @ variety less serrated. Mr. Baker and Mr. Clarke both protest against this being considered a variety only of hastata, otherwise I should have so placed it, the _ differences being those of a variety rather than of a species. ‘Himalayas, Nepal to Bhotan, 10,000-13,000 feet elevation. Var. BMajus. (Hook. Sp. Lil. v. 88.) Base of the frond cordate or sometimes decurrent ; pinnee (or rather segments) narrower and longer, and much more erect (ze. pointing upwards) ; margins less prominently serrated, scales of rhizome blacker. Pleopeltis prevail, Bead. &, BJ. ¢.. 204, and Baker, Syn, Fal. 513 (not Clarke). Pol. propinquum, var. Wad/. P. crytolobum, /. Swzz/, maser iClarke, I, N-1. ft. 83. Nepal to Bhotan, 9,o00-12,000 feet elevation (pendant from trees). I think that Sir W. Hooker may be safely followed in con- sidering this only a variety of malacodon. . 24. PLEOPELTIS LBENIPES. (/Zook.) Rhizome stout creeping, 364 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. elongated and knotted with short frondiferous branches, everywhere densely imbricated with intensely black polished ovate lanceolate subcoriaceous concave scales, fuscous-pubescent at the margins, and not hair-pointed; stipes 6-9 inches long, glabrous, glossy; fronds 6-18 inches long, 8-10 inches broad, cut down to a broadly winged rachis into 6-20 pair of pinnz or segments, 3-1} inch broad, the lowest pair generally deflexed, and either a little decurrent on the stipe, or scooped out and subcordate at their bases, sometimes quite patent as are the other pinne, all a little serrulate, finely acuminate, ty AM \ which are generally puberu- lous, and the main rachis sometimes scaly beneath ; main veins distinct to the margin, areoles with copious free vein- lets ; sori in a single row near the midrib. Mook. Sp. Fil. v. 88. edd. Bea ies I cannot separate Clarke’s variety “Oakes” from the type; his variety “ Parishii” is a Drynaria as far as the Moul- mein plant is concerned ; Jer- don’s Khasya specimen being a single small sterile frond without rhizome, which may be EVEORE DIS WNeURV ALA) A) ebenipes or hastata. Ebenipes, though closely allied to hastata, seems to be sufficiently distinct as a species in its peculiar rhizome, the fronds both in it and in mala- codon, var. majus, are sometimes cordate, sometimes decurrent at the base ; in malacodon type (in very many specimens examined) they are always cordate, and in hastata always decurrent. Himalayas, from Ghurwal to Bhotan, 6,000—12,000 feet elevation. 25. PLEOPELTIS INCURVATA. (J/.) Rhizome creeping, palea- c2ous, with adpressed scales ; stipes scattered, a span to a foot long glabrous, except the rachises . | i 4 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 365 of the sterile frond, 2 feet of the fertile, glossy brown ; fronds firm- coriaceous glossy dimorphous, sterile ones 6-10 inches long, 8 inches to 1 foot wide, hastate, tripartite, simply ovate or pinnatifid with 4-6 lateral lobes, lobes ovate-acuminate entire horizontal, terminal one very large, all thickened at the margin; main veins distinct, but immersed, other veins internal and very indistinct ; areoles with free included simple or forked veinlets ; fertile fronds very long- stipitate, ro inches to a foot long, nearly as much wide, very broad- ovate deeply pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, below subpinnate, segments 5-15, 4-8 inches long, very remote, linear and acuminate, decurrent at the base; sori large, copious, oval, sunk into avery deep cavity which forms a circular elevated truncated tubercle on the opposite side, occupying the space between the costa and the margin in a single series. Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 58,2. 65; ook. Sp. Lil. v. ten cae, FB. J, 124. Malacca. (Also in the Malay Islands.) Sy a yzZ S=6, a AY PAY RRS x = =~ 26. PLEOPELTIS INSIGNIS. (B7.) Rhizome short-creep- ing, paleaceous, with decidu- PLEOPELTIS INSIGNIS. (B/.) ous ferruginous scales ; stipes 1-2 inches or more long (according to the length of the decurrent wing of the frond); fronds subtriangular-ovate, membranaceous, glabrous, 4-9 inches long (independent of the decurrent wing), and nearly as much broad, subdeltoid, deeply pinnatifid, with 5-9 lance- olate spreading acuminate segments ; the base of the fronds subcu- neate and decurrently attenuated so that the stipes is winged for the 366 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. greater part or even the whole of its length ; venation distinct, main veins slender, united by transverse veins, forming 3-4 series of areoles, including free divaricating veinlets; sori very small, compital, gene- — rally two on each transverse veinlet, but appearing to be irregularly scattered. L/. Fil. Jav. p. 166,¢. 74. “Hook. Sp: Fl yeq ee ecu Ne, IT AO THAN, Malacca. (Also in the Philippines and Java.) 27. PLEOPELTIS PHYMATODES. (Z.) Rhizome very wide-creep- ing, woody, the scales dark brown fibrillose ; stipes 3-12 inches long, firm, erect, glossy; fronds varying from simple oblong lanceolate 6 inches long, to deeply pinnatifid and 3 feet long, lobes numerous entire, acuminate, lanceolate oblong, 4-8 inches long by 1-14 inch broad, texture coriaceous, both sides glabrous ; no distinct main veins, areoles fine with copious free veinlets ; sori large, more or less immersed, 1-2 serial or scattered. Lzun. Mant. p. 360. Hook. Syn. Fil. 364. Bedd. F. S. f, 173: Polyp: alternifolimmegg 72 Cat. 289, type sheet. Ceylon ; Malabar and Travancore, cultivated only (?); Malay Peninsula. (Also throughout the tropics of the old world, the continent of India excepted.) 28. PLEOPELTIS LONGISSIMA. (4/.) Rhizome wide-creeping ; the scales ovate adpressed ; stipes 3—4 feet long, glossy straw-coloured ; fronds 1-4 feet long, 6-12 inches broad, cut down very nearly to the rachis (often leaving only the narrowest sign of a wing) into 3-20 erect-patent acuminate linear subentire segments or pinnz, which are 1_? inch broad, texture papery, both sides glabrous ; primary veins not very distinct, areoles numerous, with free included simple or forked veinlets, with slightly clavate apices; sori in close single rows near the midrib, deeply sunk and forming papillae on the upper surface. B/. Fn. Fl. Jav. fil. 127. Look. Syn. Fil. 366. Bega Sup. 388. Wall. Cat. 289, 3rd sheet (alternifolium, var. poly- phyllum). : _(alternifolium). FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 367 Assam, Gowhatty, Sylhet, Furidpore (floating in jheels.) (Also in the Philippines, Formosa, and Malay Islands.) 29. PLEOPELTIS NIGRESCENS. (A/.) Very like longissima, but the wing to the rachis broader and the pinne broader (1-14 inches), rather more crisp in texture and the veins more prominent ; it is perhaps only a variety, but I have never seen longissima in a wild eee. OY Hn. fil Jav. 127. P. longissima, Ledd. F. S. L. 176. Wall. Cat. 289, 2nd sheet South India, on rocks, about the foot of the Western mountains, (foot of Sispara and Carcoor ghats), not ascend- ing the mountains to any ele- vation, and never growing in meer Ceylon., An‘ exceed- ingly handsome fern. 30. PLEOPELTIS DILATATA. (Wall.) Rhizome stout creep- ing, paleaceous with ovate reticulated scales; stipes 14. footand more long, but strongly winged the whole length by PLEOPELTIS NIGRESCENS. (4/.) the decurrent base of the frond; fronds ample 13-2 and 3 feet long, a foot and more wide, membranaceous, light-green, glabrous, oblong- ovate, pinnatifid to within $—1 inchof the rachis (less towards the base), segments 6-11, 5—8 inches long (shorter towards the apex), 2-13 inch wide, oblong-lanceolate acuminate, subentire, suddenly decurrent ; main veins wavy, forming large primary areoles which extend two- thirds of the way to the margin and include the sori, these and the rest - of the segments are occupied by lesser irregular areoles including many free veinlets, their branches moderately divaricating; sori nu- merous, very small, often oval or more or less elongated, compital on \ 368 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. — the secondary veins and veinlets. Fil. ¥. 85; Bedd, LAB ante, Uae. Wall. Cat. n. 295. £00k, Sp. North India, from Nepal to Bhotan, 3,000-8,000 feet elevation, Khasya, 2,000-6,000 feet; Ceylon, forests above Telgamma, 4,000 feet elevation ; Tenasserim and Malay Peninsula. (Also in Samoa.) **X Fronds pinnate. 31. PLEOPELTIS PALMATA. : [GREE § He yee : ess Gee: : 3. SS a = =a © SSSA ep gp Ds : NN d ~ N°209. PLEOPELTIS DILATATA. (Wall.) (47.) Rhizome stout, the scales large lanceolate; stipes 6-12 inches long, firm, erect, glossy ; fronds 6—18 inches long, 8-12 inches broad, with a linear or linear-ob- long entire or slightly toothed or repand terminal lobe, and 1-6 similar ones on each side, which are 4-14 inch broad, _nar- rowed or dilated, always slightly adnate at the base, long caudate at the apex, those of the barren frondthe broadest, texture subcori- aceous, both sides glabrous; main veins distinct to the edge, areoles fine, hidden, including free incurved clavate veinlets ; sori rather large in a single row, midway between the costa and margin. Fook. Syn. Ful, 368. Bedd. FB. TG A5G: Pa G50, 2.104: Bl. Fil. Jav. Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Penang and Malacca. (Also in the Malay Islands and Philippines.) 32. PLEOPELTIS JUGLANDIFOLIA. (Doz). Rhizome stout creep- ing, with many spreading lanceolate subulate bright-ferruginous scales ; stipes 1 foot or more long, firm, erect, glossy ; fronds 13-2 feet long, 1 foot or more broad ; pinnze 8-10 on a side in pairs, which are 1-2 We LLL: an Ss SS ~ SEEN ( Doz.) PLEOPELIIS JUGLANDIFOLIA. a0 370 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. inches apart, not quite opposite, articulated with the rachis, 1-13 inch broad, the apex caudate ; the margin thickened and wavy, rarely lobed, sessile from a rounded base, or attenuated and petioled, tex- ture subcoriaceous, both sides glabrous ; main veins distinct to the margin ; areoles copious, hidden, including free veinlets ; sori large, — one between each main vein, forming a single row, much nearer the midrib than the margin (rarely in two rows). Don. Prod. Fl. Nep. 3. Fook. Syn. Fil. 368. P.capitellata, Wall. Cat. 306. Bedd. F B. I. fs, Weeds VAR. TENUICAUDA. (Hook.) Pinne gradually narrowed and acute at the base and petiolate, quite runs into the type and cannot be considered a variety. P. leiorhizon, Wall. Cat. 303, 37d sheet. Himalayas, from Gurwhal to Bhotan, 2,000-9,000 feet elevation, very common, Khasya, 2,000-5,00¢ feet. 33. PLEOPELTIS LEHMANNI. (M/et?.) Rhizome creeping, clothed with ovate or orbicular glabrous scales, each ending in a very long acumination ; stipes 8 inches or more long, glabrous as well as the rachis and frond; fronds 13-2 feet long, submembranaceous pinnate ; pinne opposite or subopposite, sessile, articulated at the base (terminal one long petioled), linear oblong entire, with a caudate acumination 4-6 inches long, about ¢ inch broad, superior base obliquely excised, inferior base amplexicaule, the margin entire or slightly repand; main veins evident not extending quite to the margin, connected by the transverse veins which form about 4 series of areoles in which are free simple or forked veinlets with clavate apices ; sori irregular, generally 4-6 in two rows between the main veins, Jett. Poly. p.229. edd. F.B. TL. t. 260. Hook. Syn Fil. P. 369. Sikkim, 4,000-8,000 feet elevation ; Birma. (Pleopeltis moulmeinensis, Bedd. F. B. /. ¢. 205, drawn from a single specimen in Mr. Parish’s possession, is probably this, imper- fectly seeding ; it does not agree in habit with juglandifolia.) 34. PLEOPELTIS HIMALAYENSIS. (Hook.) Rhizome glaucous x , NO2I1. A.S.CATTELL&CIENCS, PLEOPELTIS LEHMANNI. (JZ?ét.) B72 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. creeping, clothed with bright ferruginous hair-like scales ; stipes a span to 1 foot and more long; fronds 1-13 foot long, submembra- naceous, sometimes pubescent or even subtomentose, glabrous sub- coriaceous in age, pinnated, pinnze almost invariably opposite, sessile in distant pairs 5-8-9 inches long, by 13-2 inches broad from an obtuse base, elliptical-oblong, finely and long-caudately acuminated entire, but with a very distinct membranous hyaline margin ; main veins manifest, connected by transverse ones forming areoles, of which one or all are soriferous, these areoles are filled up with a net- work of lesser areoles which have free included veinlets ; sori often large, 1-2 in the primary areoles, hence they are 1-2 serial between the main veins, and 3-4 serial in a direction parallel with the costa. Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 91. Bedd. F. B. I. t.318. Poly- podium venustum, Wad/. Cat. 305, not of Desv. Himalayas, 6,000-10,000 | feet elevation, from Nepal to Bhotan, Khasya Hills (Jerdon), young plants often have simple or 3-lobed fronds. Mettenius considers it only a variety of Lehmanni. Mr. Clarke calls the tomentose variety, var. niphoboloides, but it graduates into the type. | PLEOPELTIS HIMALAYENSIS. (ook.) 35. PLEOPELTIS LEIORHIZA. (Wall.) Rhizome very thick, fleshy ,wide-creeping, covered with ovate adpressed peltate, slaty-brown scales ; stipes 1-2 feet long, erect; fronds 2-4 feet long, 1-2 feet broad ; pinnz narrow lanceolate-linear coriaceous acuminate at the apex, margins entire, sessile and rather decurrent at the base, or FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 373 attenuated and petioled, both sides glabrous; main veins scarcely more prominent than the rest, areoles with copious free veinlets ; sori large, in a single row, a little nearer the midrib than the margin. Polypodium, Wall. Cat. 303, type-sheet. Hook. Syn. Fil. 369: Bedd. Ser ie Gis South India, common on all the Western mOUnAAS 2,000-4,000 feet, on rocks; North India, from no elevation up to 4,000 feet. : TRIBE II.—GRAMMITIDE. Sori on the back of the lobes, more than twice as long as broad, usually linear. GENUS LXVI—NOTHOLAENA. (2. &7z) (Vothos, spurious ; /enos, wool—the scales on back of frond pseudo- woolly.) Sori marginal, at first oblong or roundish, soon confluent into a continuous marginal line, without a distinct involucre, but with the edge of the frond frequently inflexed; veins free; fronds adherent to the caudex, pinnate or bipinnate. 1. NorHormna Maranta. (L. under Acrostichum.) Rhizome stout, horizontal, densely paleaceous with soft silky ferruginous finely pointed subulate scales; stipes generally stout purplish-black, 3-10 inches long, aggregated, setosely and densely hirsute, as well as the rachis ; fronds 4-10 inches long, 2-23 inches wide, oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous above, beneath densely clothed with ferruginous oblong-lanceolate imbricated scales, bipinnate, primary pinne pe- tiolate or sessile from a broadish obtuse base, oblong-acuminate, pinnules not numerous, approximate, sessile, 2-3 lines long, very obtuse entire, upper ones confluent at the base (as are the terminal primary pinnze), the edge scarcely reflexed ; sori forming a broad border extending some way from the margin towards the costule. ? Wi ANS / NIN —— = Ss aS: AN SS <> > SSS | By —— SS BSS Hay, = | A.S.CATTELL & CPENGS. (7.inn.) NOTHOLANA MARANTA., FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 375 much concealed by the paleaceous covering. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1527. Notholena Marante, 2. Br. Nothochlena, Hook. Sp. Fil. v. 120. ead. FB. S, t. 1, Alpine Himalayas, from Kashmir to Kumaon, rare ; Sikkim, -9,020-15,000 feet elevation, Lachen Valley. (Also in South Europe and the Mediterranean region, from Macaronesia to the Caucasus and Abyssinia.) 2. NOTHOLENA VELLEA. (&. 47.) Stipes densely tufted, woolly, wiry, short; fronds 8—g inches long, 1-14 inch broad, oblong- lanceolate, bipinnate, pinnze close lanceolate, the central ones the largest, with close roundish or oblong entire or 3-lobed pinnules, texture herbaceous but thick, both sides, especially the lower, coated with whitish or subferruginous tomentum, rachis bright chesnut- brown, more or less woolly. &. Br. Prod. p. 146. N. lanuginosa, Desv. Hook. Syn, Fil. p. 370. Pangi and Lahul in Chumba, Cashmire. (Also in Afghanistan, South Europe, Madeira, Cape Verd Isles, Algiers.) GENUS LXVII—MONOGRAMME. (Sch2.) (Mono, one ; gramme, a line—sori in a single line on each frond.) Sori subimmersed, linear elongated close to the midrib on one or both sides, the receptacles formed of a portion of the costa ; veins consisting only of a costa ; fronds small, grass or rush-like, simple or forked, rhizome creeping. 1. MONOGRAMME PARADOXA. (#é.) Rhizome creeping, hairy ; fronds linear filiform, grass-like, 2-12 inches long, 3-3 line broad ; sori within a vaginiform expansion of the costa, one side of which is larger than the other. ée. Vitt. £. 38. M. Junghuhnii, Hook. Sp. peeve r23. LBedd. F. S. f, t. 210. Ceylon, 3,000-5,000 feet elevation, not very common. (Also in Java, Philippines, Queensland and Polynesian Islands.) | d A.S.CATTELL & C2, FNGRAS MONOGRAMME PARADOXA. (£¢). FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. a7 GENUS LXVIII—LEPTOGRAMME. (J. Sm.) (Zeptos, slender ; gramme, a line.) Sori arising from the veins over the under surface of the frond, linear or linear oblong, simple; veins free; fronds bi-tripinnatifid, adherent to the caudex, habit and mode of growth of Phegopteris and Lastrea, and only differing from the former in its elongated sori. 1. LEPTOGRAMME TotTTa. (Sch/.) Rhizome scarcely creeping, stipes subtufted, 6-12 inches long, pilose, below scaly; fronds 12-18 inches long, 6-8 inches broad, pinnate, both sides pilose, pinnze lanceolate, 2-1 inch broad, pinnatifid half-way to the midrib, lobes blunt, entire or subentire, 13-2 lines broad, herbaceous in texture ; veinlets simple 5—7 on each side with the linear oblong sori medial. Schlecht, Adumbr. 15, t.6. Hook. Syn. Fil. 376. Grammitis Totta, wad. 1.9.’ L, t., 49. South India, very common on the mountains on the west side ' at the highest elevations; Ceylon at the highest elevations; North India, North-west Himalayas, Kashmir to Bhotan, 6,0co feet elevation, rare, Khasya, 3,000-5,000 feet elevation, common. (Also in Java, China, Japan, and Africa and its islands.) 2. LEPTOGRAMME aAuRITA. (Hook.) Rhizome extensively creeping ; stipe 1 foot long, naked, glossy, the base curved and furnished with a few deflexed ovate acute scales ; fronds up to 2 feet long, and 1 foot broad, pinnate, pinnz in distant pairs pinnatifid nearly or quite to the rachis into lanceolate entire or crenate lobes, the lowest on one or both sides longer than the others and pinnatifid, the others sometimes unequal, texture subcoriaceous, rachis glossy, both surfaces generally glabrous ; veinlets mostly forked ; sori oblong. a7. yn, Pa. 377. Gymnogramme, Zook, Sp. - fal. v. 141. Grammitis aurita, Bedd. & B.S. 4. 152. Sikkim and Bhotan, 3,o00-6,000 feet elevation, Assam, Khasya, 2,000-5,000 feet elevation. VAR. LEVINGII. (C/arke.) Fronds weak and flaccid, pinnee 13 inch SS SS xf Africa, and its eastern islands ; America; Japan; Australia; New Zealand, and Sandwich Islands.) 2. OPHIOGLOSSUM NUDICAULE: (Z. f.) Rhizome small, slightly tube- rous ; fronds 1 inch or more long, the sterile division placed not far from the base, 3-1 inch long, 2-5 lines broad, linear to ovate, without a haft, or with only aslight one, the texture thin but with no evident costa and veins not distinct ; fertile spike 3 inch long, the peduncle often 2 inches long, very slender. Sz. Syn. Fil. t. 4. O. parvifolium, Hook. and Grev. Bedd. F. S.J. t. 71. South India, Anamallay Forests, 2,500 feet elevation, and else- where on the Western mountains ; Malay Peninsula. (Also in America from United States southward to Brazil, New Caledonia, and Tropical Africa.) Se ’ ; FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON, 465 3. OPHIOGLOSSUM FIBROSUM. (Schum.) Rhizome a large round white bulb with numerous fibrous rootlets ; stipe very short with the sterile division close to its base, the latter 14-2 inches long, - by 2 inch broad, lanceolate, acute or obtuse, the texture thick and opaque ; midrib prominent, venation indistinct (except when dried), fertile spike 13-2 inches long on a spike 4-5 inches long. Schum. K. Dansk. Vid. Afh. Ww. 226. O. Wightii, Hook and Grev. Bot. 7s. 218. ©. brevipes, Bedd. FS, 7. 7, 72. South India, Anamallay teak forests, 2,000—3,000 feet elevation. (Also in Tropical Africa, Guinea Coast ; Ascension Island.) 4. OPHIOGLOSSUM RETICULA- TuM. (Z.) Rhizome cylindrical, elongated with many fibrous rootlets ; fronds 6-12 inches long, the sterile division placed a little below the fy middle, 14-3 inches long, by 1-2 inches broad, with a distinct haft, and distinctly cordate at the base, mie, apex blunt or acute, texture thin; veins prominent, but usually no midrib ; fertile spike 1 inch or more long on a slender peduncle, PeGncies lone. Linn. Sp. PI. OPHIOGLOSSUM FIBROSUM. (Schum.) memowe dior. Syn. fl. p. 446. Bedd. & S. 7. t, Jo. O, cordifo- lium (Roxd.), Wall. Cat. 47. South India, Nilgiris and Anamallays, 2,000 feet elevation and upwards; Ceylon, Newera Elya; Himalayas; Malay Peninsula. (Also in Malay Islands ; Polynesia ; Tropical America; Africa, Mascareen Islands; Philippines.) 5. OPHIOGLOSSUM PENDULUM. (Z.) Epiphytic on trees; 3I (Z.) OPHIOGLOSSUM RETICULATUM. eis 7 ’ ™~ distinct ; fertile spike single, arising FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 467 fronds pendulous, ribbon-like, without a distinct stem, 1-3 feet long, 1-3 inches broad, simple or forked, texture fleshy ; no midrib and the veining not low down on, but above the base of, the sterile segment, 2-6 inches long, on a peduncle shorter than itself. mea Sp. Fi. 1518. Bead. F. S. 1. t, 260. Ceylon, at no great elevation ; Malay Peninsula ; Assam (?) (Also in Malay and Polynesian Islands ; Mauritius ; Australia ; Philip- pines. ) N¢29}. OPHIOGLOSSUM PENDULUM. (L.) GENUS XCVII.—HELMINTHOSTACHYS. (Kaw) (Helminthos, a worm ; stachys, a spike.) Capsules in long crested clusters which form a long loose spike; veins forked, free; fertile spike rising from the base of the leafy segment; fronds stipate, sterile segments foliaceous, digitate. A genus of a single species. 1. HELMINTHOSTACHYS ZEYLANICA. (Lzun. under Osmunda.) Rhizome thick, fleshy, creeping ; stipes often 1 foot long, barren segment palmately pinnate, often in three principal divisions which are stalked, and again forked or pinnate, the ultimate divisions linear- oblong, 3-4 inches long, #-1 inch broad, the apex acuminate, the edge slightly toothed or entire, texture herbaceous ; fertile spike solitary, arising from the base of the barren segment, 3-4 inches long, $ inch broad, the firm peduncle about as long as the fructi- fication. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1519. Hook. and Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 48p. iead. FS. J. t. 69: SZ . C\ HH A | Z iy \: Sows HELMINTHOSTACHYS ZEYLANICA. FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 469 South India, Western forests in swampy places up to 3,000 feet elevation ; Ceylon, about Colombo and other parts of Western and Southern provinces ; North India, Bengal plains to Assam and Cachar; Malay Peninsula. (Also in Tropical Australia, Malay Islands, Philippines and New Caledonia.) GENUS XCVIII.—BOTRYCHIUM. (Sw) (Botrys, a bunch ; fructification like a bunch of grapes.) Capsules sessile, arranged in two rows, on the face of spikes which form a compound panicle; veins forked, free; fronds erect, the sterile segments foliaceous, deltoid, bi-tripinnat- %& ifidly compound, rarely pinnate; fertile segments 3, rachiform, compound paniculate. 1. Borrycuium Lunaria. (L. under Os- munda.) Rhizome small, scarcely thickened, _ enclosed by brown sheaths furnished with stoutish fleshy brittle branched roots; stipes erect, smooth, cylindrical, hollow, succulent, vernation plicate or folded straight, the fertile branch clasped by the oma ee sterile before unfolding, fronds solitary, 3-10 We pci. inches high, firm, stout fleshy, sterile branch oblong, pinnate smooth, pinnze 4-7 pairs flabellate or lunate, the margins crenate (rarely partially fertile) fertile branch pinnate or bipinnate ; venation (barren pinnee) flabellately-furcate, z.e. the vein enters at the base and is re- peatedly forked, veins not quite extending to the margin. zzz. Sp. Peek. Ov. Syn. fil. 171. edd. F. B. TL. ¢. 208. North India, Sikkim, Lachen, 11,000-13,000 feet elevation, Kumaon, 12,000 feet. (Also the arctic and cold temperate zone, extending to South Europe ; Patagonia ; Australia.) z. BOTRYCHIUM DAUCIFOLIUM. (JWall.) Stipes stout, 6-12 Uy \ Wer Y LZ “AN VW Ape Wwe Vv) \} sf Wes a SS BOTRYCHIUM DAUCIFOLIUM. (JlWVa//.) the fertile spike 4-12 inches FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 471 inches long, the sterile portion with a stalk, 1-6 inches long, z.e. pro- longed beyond the fertile spike, 6-12 inches each way; deltoid, tripin- natifid or tripinnate; the lower pinne much the largest; segments lanceolate-oblong, 4-2 inch broad, finely toothed ; fertile segments about equalling the sterile segment when mature; panicle 2-4 inches long tripinnate, not very close. Wall. Hook. and Grev. Le. Y7 7061, B.subcarnosum, Wall. Cat. 49. Bedd. FS. Tf. ¢. 69. - Throughout the Indian region, up to 8,000 feet elevation. (Also in Java and Polynesia.) 3. BOTRYCHIUM VIRGINI- ANUM. (ZL. under Osmunda.) Stipes 3-18 inches long, sterile portion not prolonged beyond each way; deltoid, quadripin- natifid, lower pinnee much the largest, pinnules ovate-oblong, close cut down to a broadly winged rachis into finely cut linear-oblong segments, both sides naked or slightly hairy ; fertile branch of the rachis springing from the base of the sterile portion (¢.e. sterile por- tion, sessile), or from the middle of it. Linn. Sp. Fi. BOTRYCHIUM VIRGINIANUM. (Svw.) 1519. Sw. Sy. Fil, Ler. VAR. LANUGINOSUM. Var. 6 Lanucinosum. (Sf. Wall. Cat. 48.) Fertile branch arising from the middle of the sterile portion. Bedd. F. S. J. ¢. 67. Moore, Ind. Fil. 213. Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 29. In the typical American plant, the fertile branch arises from the base of the sterile portion, and the latter is quite glabrous; in the Indian plant the fertile branch always springs from well above the base, and the sterile 472 FERNS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON, portion is more or less hairy, they are, however, only considered varieties. | South India, at the higher elevations on the Western mountains (only appearing in the rains) ; Ceylon, about Newera Elya ; North India, on the Himalayas, Kumaon to Bhotan, 5,000-8,000 feet eleva- tion, Khasya, 4,000—6,000 feet elevation. (The typical plant is widespread in Europe, America and Japan.) N°298 LEUCOSTEGIA MULTIDENTATA. (Wail.) (Lozwe.) . ) ~ = NS wr 2 gies oa Tf AR x —— Li of f Z y yy Z 3 toa 4 9 = . A <= / oe) AVIAN = We i f 4 ws We CG ae POS { \ [+ pale e =) AAAS, ‘ a ae aoe ALN We aS C ~ 1 ' x wes SS ww Geek ‘a s : = : . —S MICROLEPIA MAJUSCULA. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. At page 16, after No. Io, insert :— ALSOPHILA KINGI (Clarke MS. in Kew Herb.), a tree fern, 10 feet high, main rachis purplish shining glabrous, rachis of pinnz purplish glabrous and somewhat glaucous, pinnze 20-24 inches long, pinnules about 3 inches long by half inch broad, coriaceous, of a blueish glaucous tint, the rachis very scaly beneath and hairy above, cut down nearly to the base into oblong crenated segments, the midrib much raised and very prominent (particularly in the fertile pinnules) and scaly ; veins once forked from a little above the base, or more rarely simple, receptacles much raised and very prominent. Malay Peninsula at Laroot, in Perak, at 5,000 feet elevation, lately discovered by Dr. King’s collectors. At page 20, line 15, for 900 —1,200, read 9,000—12,000. At page 28, for plate 14, ead plate 15. At page 29, for plate 15, vead plate 14. At page 292, 9th line from bottom, tor Zhzs variety, read 7, he variety. At page 295, 11th line from bottom, for vugulosum Ladill, read rugosulum Ladbill. At page 439, 4th line from bottom, for as z¢ read, as that. INDEX TO THE PLATES. PAGE | PLATE 19 Trichomanes digitatum ,.. PLATE GLEICHENIACE. 1 Gleichenia linearis 3 206 ) 99 scandens divergens Schizoloma lobata, var. 9 by) malabarica ... cordata ensifolia PAGE 39 40 45 47 49 51 53 55 473 56 478 INDEX TO THE PLATES. PLATE PAGE | PLATE PAGE [Pteridee. 73 Asplenium Wightianum 146 42 Adiantum Parishii 82 | 74 ” ae -147 43 34 lunulatum, var. 75 ” Zenkerianum 148 Mettenii 83 76 5s paradoxum ... 152 eae caudatum Sh en ” heterocarpum 155 45 . venustum 87 78 +4 tenuifolium p.ebbOO 300 , hispidulum ii 79 ” rutzfolium ... 162. 46 Cheilanthes mysorensis... go | 80 Athyrium falcatum —... 164 47 Fe varians QI 81 Ae selenopteris GF 48 argentea 95 82 - brevisorum Resi gt 49 Onychium auratum 97 83 ees fimbriatum - 173 50 Cryptogramme crispa 99 | 84 Diplazium lanceum eeligs 51 Pellzea Stelleri 100 85 ” porrectum », 176 See concolor ... 100 86 ne bantamense tes es 7007 Bier tas, Boivini 103 87 + longifolium 179 BA 431) daleatar 104 88 e asperum _ 183 55 Pteris longifolia ... 105 ||) 89 = polypodioides 185 oy menGactylima v-. 108 | 90 y umbrosum, var. 657. -,, Griffithii 109 australe 189° 58 4, semipinnata Imp os Pome ” umbrosum, var. 5Ou 5). patens 113 multicaudatum 190 60 Campteria Kleiniana 117 | 92 Anisogonium cordifolium 191 61 Doryopteris ludens 119g 93 ks heterophle- 62 Litobrochia incisa 121 bium 192 63 Ceratopteris thalictroides 121 94 ” esculentum 193 64 Lomaria Patersoni . 126 95 Hemidictyum Ceterach... 194 65 Plagiogyria adnata i 128 96 » Finlaysonia- num 195 Blechnee. 97 Allantodia javanica 196 66 Blechnum orientale 131 98 Actiniopteris dichotoma... 198 67 Blechnidium melanopus... 134 _Aspidiee. 2 Osama ners radicans - 136 | 99 Didymochleena lunulata... 200 08 Wigaele 6 hase - 138 100 Mesochlzena polycarpa ... 202 Asplenice, 101 Polystichumsemicordatum 201 | 102 : auriculatum... 205 70 Thamnopteris Grevillei... 140 | 103 i ilicifolium ... 206 71 Asplenium ensiforme . 142 | 104 - aculeatum,var. ie 9 alternans... 143 rufo-barbatum 208 | Se ee ee =u Sees cer ee Se 9g 5 gt —— X 2 os OD al ti INDEX TO THE PLATES. PLATE PAGE 105 Polystichum Prescottianum 210 106 Cyrtomium falcatum, var. caryotideum 213 1o7 Aspidium singaporianum 214 108 Bs vastum 2d 109 SS subconfluens 215 IIO 5 subtriphyllum 216 III + variolosum ... 217 I12 3 . heterocarpum 216 113 3 decurrens, var. minor baa 2a 114 Pleocnemia Trimeni 5 Bel 115 > membranifolia 226 116 | fs Clarkei 5227 ‘117 4 leuzeana» _... 228 118 Lastrea coniifolia... boas 2 wo yatistata.... sone ail 119 » cuspidata 232 7G 5, hirtipes ... 2a 121 ‘calcarata, var. ciliata ba230 122 5) Beddomei 230 ie ., .Uhelypteris . ... 242 124 symmatica | 22 125 Popuaccida, ... . 244 126 Pee betnoniana ... 245 127 » barbigera 247 128 5, odontoloma son BLY 129 » Filix-mas,var.nidus 249 130 ue », var. cochleata 251 13t », Sparsa,var.obtusissima 253 132 fiom spectabilis 12150 133 » deparioides = 250 134 peolationit: ... . 259 135 a. SCabrosa ... #1263 136 = fetrupinea 2 265 137 Nephrodium otaria 208 138 ‘3 cucullatum... 271 139 s aridum 2 2734 479 PLATE PAGE 140 Nephrodium urophyllum 274 I4I iS moulmeinense 275 142 5 ATpuseula 2.5276 143 5 truncatum ,.. 281 144 Nephrolepis cordifolia ... 283 145 af ramosa 2e5 146 Oleandra neriiformis 2 260 147 3 Wallichii PEPIS7/ Polypodiee. 148 Phegopteris Scottii . 289 149 * auriculata ... 291 150 es rufescens ... 293 I51 ‘ Dryopteris ... 294 152 3 ornata ose 1204 153 Goniopteris prolifera “| 207 154 Dictyopteris Barberi . 299 155 “5 chattagramica 300 156 Pe difformis ... 301 157 Polypodium parasiticum .. 303 158 3 Wallii » 304 159 : hirtellum . 306 160 - cornigerum... 306 161 3 cucullatum ... 307 162 Gs trichomanoides308 163 3 glandulosum 309 164 ee Thwaitesii ... 310 165 5 Geconuml rs 3m 166 53 obliquatum... 312 167 repandulum... 313 168 y subfalcatum... 314. 169 5 dareeeforme... 315 —170 Goniophlebium amzenum 316 74 ee) Lerytheocarpumucn7 1.72 i" molle... Piece ll 173 i subauriculatum 323 174 4) argutum nee 523 175 verrucosum ... 324 >) 176 Niphobolus adnascens ... 326 480 INDEX TO THE PLATES. PLATE PAGE PLATE PAGE 177 Niphobolus pannosus ... 328 Grammitidee. 178 ” stigmosus ... 329 213 Notholzna Marantze carck 179 % fissus - 33° | 214 Monogramme paradoxa... 376 180 ” flocculosus ... 331 | arc Leptogramme Totta - 378 131 » Gardneri ... 332 | 216 Fe aurita ae 379 182 y penangianus 332 217 4 opaca . 370 183 ” mummularize- 218 Stegnogramme aspidioides 381 folius * 333 | 219 Gymnogramme Andersoni 382 184 Dipteris Wallichii 335 c2Z0 » leptophylla 383 185 i Horsfieldii 19330) 228 » microphylla 384 126 i" Lobbiana . 337 | 222 Syngramme fraxinea - 385 187 Dynaria coronans agree ” vests Perks 387 138 i epleadens . 339 | 224 e alismzefolia 235 300 225 Selliguea Féei . 388 Se. es Su sae oe 226 Hamiltoniana ... 390 ; i et eh serene eae 22 elliptica I I9I a quercifolia sete y 7 ” Pe vot . 228 Loxogramme involuta ... 394 192 = rigidula ... - 344 , 229 Ae avenla «© 395 193 Pleopeltis eee SP 230 Brainea insignis .. 41306 194 linearis - 347 | 531 Meniscium triphyllum ... 398 195 9 Sma ane © 349 | 935 S Thwaitesii ... 399 196 5; longifolia - 35° | 233 es salicifolium ... 309 BO] 139 lanceolata » 352 | 334 i cuspidatum ... 400 198 5s thyncophyllay ye 235 Antrophyum reticulatum 4o1 TOD) 9-93 Grifithiana — ... 355 236 if plantagineum 402 200 ” ovata 1+ 356 287 i latifolium .., 403 ZOMe a: 95 pene = Bee 238 Vittaria elongata... ~“2..34e5 202 . hemionitidea ... 359 230 e iimene Wies 203 >» Pure py 300 240 3, “Sulleatanae . 408 2040» PrCtOD Ey aa 241 4, scolopendrina ... 408 aa oo) 242 Teenitis blechnoides . 409 205 » _hastata - 362 | 243 Drymoglossum carnosum 411 206 ” incurvata - 364 | 244 ra piloselloides 412 207 ” insignis » 365 245 Hemionitis arifolia Ree 0: 208 a nigrescens » 367 246 i Griffithii woe 4IS 2) ” ole ee sie Acrostichee 210 3 juglandifolia ... 369 : Papa Lehmanni . 371 | 247 Elaphoglossum conforme 417 ; 212 himalayensis ... 372 | 248 Pf latifolium ... 418 eS ee ee eee “ = sah 9 re nena By oe ee Rot ie Se a PLATE INDEX To PAGE 249 Elaphoglossum stigmatolepis 419 250 * viscosum ... 419 aor’ 5 squamosum 419 252 a Sp eaiae 419 253 Stenochlzna palustre ... 422 254 és eo itonA | Repel Oe: 255 Polybotrya appendiculata, var. /3 aspleniifolia 425 256 5 appendiculata, var. 0 Hamiltoniana 426 257 * appendiculata, wat «< costulata ... 426 258 Gymnopteris variabilis ... 428 _ 259 bie minus so ehele) 260 aie: metallica ... 431 261 45 Spicata,. ... 431 262 0 quercifolia 433 263 Bs tHIcUSpIS ~,.. 435 ‘264 As contaminans 436 265 5 subcrenata 437 266 x Costata’ . ... 430 267 Ss Presliana ... 430 268 Acrostichum aureum ... 44I 269 Photinopteris rigida Bie alate} 270 ay drynarioides 444 THE JPLATES: ASI PLATE : PAG 271 Platycerium grande 4d 272 Platycerium Wallichii ... 446 2718 - biforme ... 447 274. Osmunda javanica AAS O75 is Claytoniana ... 449 276 - regalis... AAG 277 Schizeea malaccana eso 278 » dichotoma eos sit 279 at CAC tA al Ms e452 280 Anemia tomentosa conga: 281 Lygodium circinatum ... 455 282 ie ricropho aan 456 283 e flexuosum~e (i. 4-457 284 Ac polystachyum 457 285 Angiopteris evecta 1a AQ 286 Marattia fraxinea Abc sloit 287 Kaulfussia zsculifolia ... 463 288 Ophioglossum nudicaule,.. 464 289 a fibrosum ... 465 290 si reticulatum 466 29] % pendulum 467 292 Helminthostachyszeylanica 468 2903 botry chiumsLunaria 406 294 =“ daucifolium 470 295 2» virginianum, var. lanuginosum 471 INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS, THE LATTER BEING IN ITALICS. PAGE PAGE Aconiopteris Edgeworthit 84 gorgonea se dm 427 emarginatum 86 Acrophorus. see Leucostegia flabellulatum ... 88 Acropteris 145 hispidulum 86 Acrostichum Lanceum is 75 alctcorne ... 445 lunulatum 82. aureum 440 var. Mettenii 83 4 contaminans 435 orbiculatum 75 COStATUM os 438 Parishii 82 deltigerum 438 pedatum ... 86 adichotomum 197 pleropus ... 83 fuctforme 447 rhizophorum 84 guercifolium 433 soboliferum 84 septentrionale 145 venustum 86 sorbifolium 443 | Allantodia | subcrenatum 437 Brunoniana 197 terminans 437 javanica «. 195 undulatum 438 | Allosorus. ULVENS mie 439 CYUSPUS ins 98 Wightianum ws. 426 gracilis 100 Actiniopteris Alsophila dichotoma any 197 | © albo-setacea 16 vadiata 0 197 alternans 10 Adiantum Andersoni I2 Ethiopicum 84 Brunoniana Ke) capillus-veneris 84 commutata 14 caudatum ‘ tae, 03 comosa 13 var. Edgeworthii ... 84 conmtaminaus wae a var. soboliferum ... 84 crinita: ee veka INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. PAGE glabra 14 glauca 12 Kingi adenda latebrosa .. ui i var. ptieliaidis ge LO Oldhami ... 1% ornata’ ... nae 30 12 Schmidiana. see latebrosa. Scottiana. see Oldhami. sguamulata wah 14 Amphicosmia alternans... if) Brunoniana 10 a 10 Walkere.. 9 Paonia tomentosa 453 Wightiana 453 Angiopteris evecta a. 460 Anisogonium cordifolium IQI esculentum bake 192 heterophlebium ... IQI lineolatum lee IQI Suithianum. | :... 192 Anogramma er 383 Antrophyum coriaceum oe 4o1 latifolium... is 404 parvulum 403 plantagineum ... 403 reticulatum ciate 4ol var. § parvulum 401 Semicorautum 4o1 Arthobotrys macrocarpa “3 251 Aspidium Alatum «+. 214 amabtle ... appendiculatum ... aristatum QLVALUTIL o0 Brunonianum calcaratum CaNarlense CONUTM ~ oes cicutarium ciltalumt ... coadunatum conttfoliume crasstfolium cucullatum cuspidatum decurrens var. minor densum ... eberneum... exaltatum Suscipes glandulosum £ractlescens Henkianum heterocarpum hirsutulum hirtipes Zier SUM Lineatunt ws. macrocarpum marginatum UAL. AYiNE ... var. assamica ies var. Hamiltoniana 230 eee eee membranaceum . multicaudatum .. multidentatum multijugum multilineatum e 239, 252 484 INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. PAGE PAGE obliguum ... ae hg a 2O4 biullatum Bh EO OUSCHTUIL.. Fake pice 272 caudatum eee epg el ochthodes ... ae +51 240 Corer ach. ae el OM opposittum tes ssh 1255 contiguum foe piste Lae pennigerum we ey) crinicaule ears srt? 50 pilosulum aie bea ae adecurrens is oe 152 polycarpum me 35 JOR aki ace’ cou lod polymorphum ... Sao IS eberneume . : aos 17D a prionophyllum ... cite | BE clongiteae A se 147) pleropus ... oe ste ZNO ensiforme Bs: Vs) 141 puberulum aA rey erectumm ... ie ioe ep TAS rhombotdeum seine 220 CXLIGUUM ... a -0 153 am scabrosum an =. 264 falcatum vidi. ede CD semibipinnatum ... Roe) EIS fontanum na vee ALG Simonsii ... Ae Sisie (2G var. exiguum je TES singaporianum ... Soa Ne formosum a a al 52 SOLULUT 00 ae et 2m furcatum ... ae BERD Ay Spectosum... ey si 230 Gardneri ... sie nes: subconfluens... soe tee BO Griffthianum ... asia subaiaphanum ... he) BS heterocarpum ,., aie ae ala subtriphyllum ... ase HOS hirtunags ere ah ose kA syrmaticum ea shee i243 Flookertanutt .s. res) (O))5 CLOUT a We, wn 270 Javanicum se wre eho variolosum £58 iat DMG laciniatum » we Age SE vastum ... Boe fe OTe var. crinigerum ... 154 venulosum Ns ane, WQS 5, depauperatum 154 Wallichit ses od eZOoe lanceolatum ay J AEBS Zollingerianum ... BS hai Ks) laserpitizfolium ... so) 059 ¥ lobulosum at s+ 579 ae Asplenium longifolium sins .. 179 am ACUMINALUTIL — we ma 70 longissimum _.. sea adiantum-nigrum Ssute le lunulatum oan occ gency athine ¢ | Jere ave Pe SY) var. camptorachis... 148- alternans ... se ‘oan AD 4 trapeziforme~ =. 240) arttfolium a By UA: macrophyllum .., .. 4150. rayobd habhany as nec sel at, LAG marginatum ... oe 185 Beddomet oe sieieguy SO monanthemum ... wore Ae Belangeri Bee ssf ALOU multijugum — . bulbiferum wai he ena USO nitidum ... a - 157 a INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 485 PAGE normale ... ome Sears bee var. [3 a ran ad paradoxum sits a | pekinense Pe iat ESO persicefolium ... ave INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. bullata calvescens chinensts Clarket divaricata elegans epiphylla Griffithiana fe hymenophylloides Lorrainei ornata parvula ... pilosula ... polyantha puberula ,.. pulchra pyramidata Roxburghit schizophylla solida speciosa ... tenuifolia trichomanoides triphylla Dennstezedtia appendiculata deltoidea Elwesii scabra Diacalpe aspidioides foeniculacea Dicksonia scabra Diclisodon deparioides Dictyocline Griffithi2 ... ATS Dictyopteris Barberi chattagrammica difformis heterosora trregularts polycarpa tenerifrons Didymochlena lunulata polycarpa Diplazium asperum GSSTMIDIE. 299 487 PAGE 298 300 302 300 359 298 199 201 184 190 189 177 189 186 180 187 186 386 177 190 180 190 174 180 187 187 179 179 187 189 175 178 184. 186 186 488 INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. Dip polyrhizon porrectum Prescottianum procerum Schkuhrii SCRRIMENSE sorzogonense speciosum Stoliczkee var. hirsutipes subserratum sylvaticum is var. Prescottianum thelypterotdes Thwattestt tomentosum travancoricum <.. umbrosum var. assimile >> . australe », multicaudatum 5» procerum Zeylanicum teris Horsfieldii Lobbiana Wallichiana 182, Doodia dives Drymoglossum Beddomet carnosum piloselloides Soh var. 2 Beddomei’... ‘Drynaria conjugata coronans... adiverstfolia Linnzi PAGE 180 176 178 189 181 184 181 178 184 182 174 V7ah 178 184 | 180 179 188 180 190 189 190 189 175 336 336 334 137 413 All All 413 339 338 344 343 mollis propinqua quercifolia rigidula ... splendens Dryostachyum Elaphoglossum conforme latifolium laurtfolium Norissli ... piloselloides spathulatum squamosum stelligerum stigmatolepis ... viscosum Galeoglossa... Gleichenia circinata... adichotoma gigantea... glauca linearis longissima — Norrisii semtvestita — Goniophlebium amzenum ... argutum ... bd erythrocarpum ... Hendersoni lachnopous microrhizoma molle subamznum - subauriculatum ... verrucosum Goniopteris lineata 2755 276 INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 489 PAGE PAGE multilineata 275 Wallii 431 penangiana 276 | Haplopteris 408 prolifera 296 | Helminthostachys urophylla 274 dulcis. see zeylanica Grammitis zeylanica 467 aurita . 377 | Hemidictyum Hamiltoniana ... 373 Ceterach 194 lanceolata 393 Finlaysonianum 195 Totta 377 | Hemionitis vestita ... oe e307, arifolia 1) AT Gymnogramme cordifolia mA alismeefolia 389 Griffithil ... AI5 Andersoni 382 hastata, see arifolia Hamiltoniana ... 390 , Hemitelea _ javanica 300 decipiens 5 Jo. AO leptophylla 382. Beddomet.seeCyathea spinulosa microphylla 384 | Humata obtusata 380 alpina 48 serrulata 386 angustata 47 vestita 387 heterophylla 46 Wallichi¢ 387 parallela 47 Gymnopteris pedata 48 axillaris 430 vestita 48 contaminans - 438 | Hymenolepis decurrens. see variabilis spicata 432 flagellifera 483 | Hymenophyllum Feet. see variabilis badium Be lanceoalata 429 Blumeanum 32 metallica 432 ciliatum ... gis: minus 430 crispatum 33 Presliana 439 denticulatum 34 quercifolia 432 var. flaccidum 35 spicata 432 emersum 30 subcrenata 437 extguum ag subrepanda 434 exsertum 30 tricuspis ... 434 flaccidum a5 variabilis... eG) javanicum 32 var. (3 lanceolata... 429 var. badium 33 sy axillaris 430 | khastanum 35 A9O INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. PAGE Levingii ... me wl oites "36 microglossum ... paaa Be Neesli_... es sai eS parvifolium ae: ae" ee polyanthos ae becratl ei0) var. Blumeanum ... 32 microglossum 32 5 minor Se SimonstamuUiny. eee etn ase SIMIt Te es a Beater | te tenellum ... aa le oO Tunbridgense ... icra, 35 fTypolepis hostilis ue iy 20S Kaulfussia eesculifolia sce den WAOZ ASSAMICA i Coat UAOe Lastrea ALimMiS =" |x. ne ares B28O. alsophiloides ... std 8 amabilis ... ao leo angustifrons... at 202 ApICIOKAyse eens: a eZ AO AtiStata ter ao sb 229) var. Hamiltoniz ... 230 barbigera ae ee 1246 Beddomei ue 230 Bergiana ae san 4239 Blumei ae sin 250 Boryana ae su ZOO Brunoniana a sep 2AG Buchanani see 586 SS calcarata wid (ie 235 Var. Ciliatay ae. hae 205 » - talciloba Sie) 2.87 » sericea HAL237 cana 506 SUL Oana car -zetoy Clarke? jus: Liss 250 cochleata. see Filix-mas. concinna ... coniifolia crassifolia crenata cuspidata deltoidea ... deparioides dissecta : var. ingens... aiwvisa elongata. see Filix-mas. Elwesii ertocarpa Fairbankii Jalciloba Fralconert ferruginea Filix-mas var. apicifiora », cochleata 5 elongata » jfibrillosa » marginata », odontoloma » panda... », paralellogramma ~ 9 Schimperiana flaccida | feniculacea fuscipes gractlescens sracilescens “og. var. decipiens » hirsutipes gracilis STISCA = ise. aes FTendersont hirtipes; ie immersa ,.. a ee ee eee ee a i aa In! a ae INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. / 7ngens intermedia intermedia (Baker) melanopus membranitfolia ... microstegia nephrodioides Nidus obtustloba: octhodes , merpotylodes ..: odontoloma Parishii patentissima platypus ... pulvinulifera recedens rhodolepis rigida sagentoides scabrosa ... SErICER SELLZCETA we setosa. see Cystopteris sikkimensis sparsa sek ‘var. deltoide 5» gracilis 5, latesguama 5» minor 5, nitidula »» obtussissima .. » sguamulosa » undulata f zeylanica spectabtlis spectabilis spinulosa var. remota... PAGE 261 250 | 260 243 261 292 238 250 264 240 240 248 259 249 230 255 260 260 251 243 263 235 267 259 252 254 207 255 254 254 254 255 254 254 244 257 252 252 splendens syrmatica tenericaulis Thelypteris Thwaitesii tylodes undulata viscosa Walkere... 0 bipinnata B macrocarpa Y pinnatifida Leptochtlus. see Gymnopteris. Leptogramme aurita a ~ var. Levingil obtusata ... opaca Totta Leucostegia afjints assamica dareceformts Hookeri hymenophylla hymenophylloides immersa : membranulosa ... multidentata nodosa parvula ; pseudo-cystopteris pulchra Lindsaya caudata cultrata divergens fiabellulata heterophylla \ | we B - ; : 492 ~ INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 7 a ‘i PAGE PAGE 4 ancea” iin sks ye een oS longifolium ihe se, a lanuginosa ate ter Ar) : microphyllum ... ee eAtee i Lobbiana ... at oy ae ' pinnatifidum ... Sag, i [LLCS van Pe ee oO) pedatum bee 8455 : orbiculata So jects HS polystachyum ey j var, tenera ... ced) angi scandens oe as, 455° pectinata ... a uo 74. | Marattia fraximea ye axl 460 : KEDEWS) ase bts .. 74 | Matonia pectinata ... eS Lo var. Minor -)% we 74 1 Mentgeium 4 rigida one ees ae 75 cuspidatum ane ae 400 ¥ scandens a eae) deltigerum ie wate ABS | trapeziformis ... bee 75 longifrons ie cert AO : Walkera bes et 76 Parishit ... an a 300. ae Litobrochia salicifolium Si ag 9c) OUTM A on. “oF soe 122 Thwaitesii ae a0 2309 InCiSaw jee: ats Au / E20 triphyllum au wk 807 TUACHS, Vi. a7 e120 var. Parishii ..« (309) marginata | ee _.. 122 | Mertensia. see Gleichenia q pedata ee _.. 120 | Mesochlcena tripartita cor ee esan yee polycarpa sa a Ocean Lomaria Microlepia adnata ... wee ca aloe flaccida ae jc oe CLONZALA w+ Seg ear ah25 Vib awe ee fs Oe euphlebta ge ie (ae 2O) Hookeriana... jar Oe glauca et Bae 1 Kurzii ... ye “66 Limonitfolia sia fe 8428 majuscula wen .tete pO Patersoni ad vie 125 marginalis te seh 108 pycnophylla seis Bf CAR) var. calvesc@ns: 252904 scandens wrk vis NAB pinnata A gan Oe Lomariopsts «+. re Ce ee platyphylla ag ond epOGl Loxogramme polypodioides ... +» 68 Avena |) ts.. ae i 398 PYOXLINGA «+ me POOR involuta vas sade OS: pleropus .«.. ce son lanceolata oe sai © BQ2 rhombotdea “s- - 68 Lygodium scabra sa circinnatum ons So MAGS: ois speluncee se Be ar dichotomum i oe 255 var. hirta ... ons) 8 flexuosum os sy aay strigosa ... ae ia japonicum gu eel WAS urophylla see ane OF le Me 7 INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 493 PAGE PAGE Monogramme Otatian "... We sa Doy, Junghuhnit ah 375 parasiticum ae eee (278 paradoxa ne me 375 pennigerum _..... 20 Nephrodium var. multilineatum 277 abortivum Las boee 277 procurrens ote He 278 abruptum ae soe QT prolixum wee Me 5240 amboinense ane faa 278 Dropinguun ee we 1 EZOO Arbuscula Bue fee 2710 pteroides 580 et) 20G aridum ... Sie ae 272 punctatum sae ine 270 artinexum Retake wes.) DDT. | simulans ae Lie brachyodon hs ant 200 Singaporianum ... bee aoe costatum eee boa als lerminans ee sa 7200 crinipes ae Be 270 truncatum sae seal 200 cucullatum ane Sa) 270 unitum aise 208, 272 cuspidatum ee eta 2 32 urophyllum Roe wat eo adidymosoruiut ... be O78 vartolosum ae asters AG elatum Me Soule Wightz ... aioe age AIMS CUSOYTUM o. on we 280 Zollingerianum... ee RO extensum i ces 209) | ephrolepis var. microsorum ... 270 acuta 1) sa pe ie, Coq 5) MINOr ... 278 biserrata ,.. Sas La DOA Jalcilobum cordifolia a an 22 var. pubera... Spas ego) exaltata ... ee ral 2O2 PEGOX cs se en 127.9 obliterata tk a 205 glandulosum _... Bee O/7S ramosa .., wee we 204 var. l@te-strigosa ... 277 ZuUberosa ... ee See) Oo Griffithi? ave eer 222 volubilis ... wise een Od Zmmersumt Si) ose § 235°, Naphobolus zmgens. see Lastrea dissecta acrostichoides ... ey) javanicum aa ee, ZO] adnascens ake Reh 1SI5 lineatum ... Aes ee e7TA angustatus ov eee eG Microsorum _... 7 © Boothii Ba 5 4622388 molle . ... an a aa7 Costatus ... oe dott 2320 var. amboinense ... 278 detergibilis me ss IB », aureum S70 fissus? =... ts. ae) 4 didymosorum ,..° 279 floccigerus sa se won i MulijucuM ... 279 flocculosus aH nae OO te LTOCUTT EUS. (2... 278 Gardneri se hier OU moulmeinense ... Rene 7A" Heteractis “ails Sai, BOY, jaintensts laevis Lingua ws. nummularizfolius pannosus penangianus porosus Schmidianus Spherocephalus ... stigmosus subfurfuraceus ... Niphopsts ws. Nothochlena ... Notholcena lanuginosa Marantz vellea Odontoloma repens Oleandra Cumingii musefolia nerliformis Wallichil Onoclea ortentalts Onychium auratum japonicum var. ztermedtia », multedentata ... Ophioglossum brevipes ... coratfolium fibrosum ... nudicaule parvifolium _ pendulum reticulatum a PAGE 327 325 327, 328 324 328 332 330 88! 353 328 329 353 375 615 373 e735 74 vulgatum Wighti2 ... Ornithopteris ... Osmunda Claytoniana javanica Leschenaultii. see regalis regalisy jee. ah Virginiana Zeylanica... Patania appendiculata ee Etlwesit ... Pellza Boivini calomelanos concolor falcata géranitfolia LV ACHES ae nitidula Stelleri Tamburil Peranema cyatheoides ° Phegopteris auriculata davalliotdes distans Dryopteris erubescens ornata pallida polycarpa... punctata ... VECEALNS 0. Robertiana var. glabrata >) INO Ree 494. INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. ° ¥% PAGE 464 465 115 44y 447 450 471 467 26. 26 102 104 100 102 IOI 100 IOI Io! INDEX TO THE Phegopteris rufescens... TUZULOSA oe Scotti subdigitata vulgaris .. Photinopteris drynarioides rigida Phymatodes. Plagiogyria adnata euphlebia glauca pycnophylla i triquetra. see euphlebia Platycerium biforme ... grande Wallichii... Platyloma Jalcata Pleocnemia GQHIStQIA ... Clarkei gigantea ... leuzeana ... membranacea membranifolia ... Thwaitesii imimeni ... Pleopeltis accedens... angustata ie var. depauperata ... capitellata clathrata ... crytolobum dilatata see Pleopeltis. SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. PAGE 293 295 289 295 290 442 442 127) 129 127 129 445 445 445 104 268 227, 224 228 225 225 223 224 345 351 351 370 348 363 367 ebenipes ... var. Oakesiz a EAT ESTE Griffithiana hastata hemionitidea heterocarpa himalayensis Incurvata... insignis zrtordes juglandifolia var. tenuicauda lanceolata Lehmanni leiorhiza... lepidota ... linearis ‘ var. steniste longifolia... longissima MACYOSOYA malacodon var. 3 majus membranacea muszfolia nigrescens normalis ... nuda ovata palmata ... Parishiz ... phymatodes pteropus VAT. IMINO os: ay ZOStereerOrimils 6 punctata ... rhyncophylla rostrata ... 495 PAGE 363 364 364 354 362 358 357 370 364 305 357 368 370 351 370 372 351 346 347 349 366 353 363 363 355 358 367 353 347 354 368 341 366 359 361 362 357 353 345 496 INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. PAGE PAGE : sumplex 3: 347 comugatum dae Speen SG F sinuosa 349 contiguumt ae a) 350 an stenophylla 348 cordtfoliume 4, HO! Stewarti2,.. 363 cornigerum a NeoXic ov, : superficialis 351 costatum... ake sieh i : trifida 362 crenatum ae ee Wightiana 347 cucullatum ae enta, SOF Zippellii ... 357 dareeeforme .., Peet ts ; Zostereformis 362 decorum ... aN shin GLO 3 Pecilopteris dentigerum ise aw. 169 Blumeana A35 Dipteris .. fet 336 | costata 438 distans. see Phesoprene ) . flagellifera 433 Dryopterts | flookeriana 437 elongatum Presliana 440 » ellipticum prolifera ... 437 erubescens VEPANAA «.. 435 exaltatum semticoraata 435 excavatum Polybotrya filix-mas appendiculata 424 Sragrans ... ag bse var. manlenilola 424 Surfuraceum 5 costulata 426 fuscatum... » Hamiltoniana,.. 424 glabrum Fe MATOI 4. 424 gladiatum 5» subintegra 427 glandulosum asplenitfolia 426 LlAUCUM «.. Helferiana 426 grandifolium ... pep podiumn Grevilleanum acutisstimum 346 Griffithiz ... adnascens 325 harpophyllum adnatum ... 292 hastatum... alterntfolium Ae & 367 heterocarpum appendiculatum ... 290 hirtellum... argutum... 323 hirtum auriculatum 203 & 290 jaintense ... Beddomet tea khasyanum bifurcatum 338 lanceolatum brunneum 292 lastosorum conitfolium 296 | lepidota ... INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. lineare (Linn.) ... . ) ° lineare var. |? simplex ... Linnet Lonchitis longifrons. longipes ... loriforme ... te marginale mediale ... MIiNULUM «4 multilineatum ... mysUurense migrocarpum normale ... nummulariefolium obliquatum ODSCUYUML.. ane ornatum ... ovatum ste oxylobum - ae baludosum palustre ... parasiticum ee parasiticum var. pilostusculum... parvulum e- penangianum pertusum Phegopteris polycephalum POKOSUM we eae PIATOLACS so. vis guercifolium repandulum vivale hobertianum i WUSESCENS ~~. rugosulum rugulosum oo Russellianum Semtibipinnatum ... SErVa sesquipedale sessilifolium Stmplex ss oe SPELUNCE 0. aoe spherocephalum subconfiuens subdigitatum ... subevenosum subfalcatum subtripinnatun. ... superficiale tenericaule Thwaitesii trichomanoides... tridactylon UNLLUML §oe50 venustum verrucosum Be viltartoides ae Walkere Wallii Wighttanum Zeylanicum ove Polystichum aculeatum var. anomalum » angulare , biaristatum 5, lobatum » mucronifolium .. », rufo-barbatum... 5, simifertile 5) setosum » travancorium ... amabtle. aristatum. see Lastrea see Lastrea 209 209 209 var. affine. see Lastrea LY / 498 INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. PAGE PAGE auriculatum .. AerViZO Dalhousiz —«.. -- IO var. ccespitosum ... 204 ? ensiformis ove see 107 » lentum .. sRZOge. | _ var. Grevilleanayy..;. - 108 » marginatum ... 204 excelsa ... coe er d TA. » subpinnatum ... 204 geminata... on pacel ES Atkinsoni wie Sth 2O3 geranifolia Lae -s- IOT brachypterum .... sa PRO) EVUCUIS wee ae --- 100 contifolium. see Lastrea Grevilleana = +. ws |‘ I12 cespitosum ae woo Griffith 2 eee wai TOS q feniculaceum .. .. 18 | . heteromorpha ... .. 106 3 ilicifolium ase Mateos Hookeriana =... sss ‘107 lachenense Ae sel 208 longifolia vee s+ 106 : Lonchitis .. ae ie 208 longipes ... see vee TTS | obliquum ... ee sr aZO4 longipinnula... vee T12 | Prescottianum *=.: Se welO ludens ws ote 111,120 var. Bakerianum ... 210 marginala tee oe 122 § » castaneum ... 210 nemoralts.. see Campteria i semicordatum at. . :)acye2ol biaurita szRR1mense ae Lary 5O NULAUWIG on arae aia LOM sizmulans cist: UNE GA OO OLATLA nas tee eb OnE Thomsoni bee nt Z2eo patens\ 2. oe woah pat var. gracilis... —- Broad Arrow.—' Display remarkable power, coupled with melodious versifi- cation.” Graphic.—‘‘The author of ‘Lays of Ind’ shows in his latest book, ‘ Basil Ormond, and Christabel’s Love,’ that he can write something more than good humorous verse—a fact which was indeed foretokened by more than one piece in his former volume, notably by ‘The Loafer.’ There is, perhaps, no one amongst our minor singers whose rhythm is more easy and natural, whilst in the first of the two poems there is an amount of tragic intensity for which we were hardly pre- pared.” Times of India.—‘‘ Both stories are prettily told, and we feel assured that these modest poems will command a large circle of readers. ‘ Aliph Cheem’ is so well known to the Indian public through his ‘ Lays of Ind,’ that anything from his pen requires but few words of recommendation from us; but in his present poems he has opened a new mine, and we are mistaken if the public do not agree with us in thinking that he has hit upon a vein of rich metal.” Statesman.—‘' We have already seen how ‘Aliph Cheem’ can use his pen for good-natured satire and racy fun, and are now presented witha couple of poems of a deeper vein. ‘The plaintive strain in these prolonged ballads, for such the poems are, is maintained without a break from the first stanza to the last.” Islington News.—'‘‘ ‘Aliph Cheem,’ the poet who received the commendation of the entire Press, both of England and India, upon his former work, has written the above volume, which comprises two love stories of an Idyllic yet striking character. . » At the present time, when there is so much versification, which is not only inelegant but unintelligible, it is gratifying to have a book placed in our hands for, review that is clear in style, and displays a genuine poetic instinct from the first page to the last.” ily THACKER,' SPINK, (&) CO. CALGCA aes. In 8vo., price Rs. 3-8. THE RACES OF AFGHANISTAN: | BEING A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE PRINCIPAL NATIVE TRIBES INHABITING LHAT, COUNTEY. By SURGEON-MAJOR H. W. BELLEW, CSI, Late on Political Duty at Kabul, OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. © The Examiner.—‘' lf Lord Hartington wants to begin to understand the problem he has to deal with in Afghanistan, he should take down with him to the House of Commons this new book by Dr. Bellew. . . . Dr. Bellew perceived, by the ignorant comments of speakers and writers on the Afghan question, how very much some book was needed to enlighten the understandings of public instructors ; and therefore, amid the multifarious duties he had to fulfil at Cabul, he set himself to produce a work which does not err on the side of elaborateness, but which yet contains ample information to keep journalists and Members of Parliament and platform orators from vain babblings on this intricate subject. . . . The résumé of the history of the Afghans, including a chapter summarising our relations with the country, leads naturally up to the story of the life of Shere Ali, which results in the conclusion that the Atghan ‘is not fit to govern either himself or others, and sadly wants a master. If we don’t take up that 7éZe, Russia will. For a master the Afghans want, and a master they must have sooner or later.’ . . . An admirable index increases the value of the work.” Indian Mail,—‘' This short book is of considerable merit, and ought to seriously influence the judgment of those who have assumed the direction of England’s affairs. Its value lies in the preciseness of the information given, its clear and me- thodical arrangement, and its trustworthiness, from the acknowledged ability and absolute knowledge of the subject possessed by the author, Dr. Bellew is nota political speculator, but a serious scholar, who has spent many years among and in connection, with the people of Afghanistan ; he speaks their languages with ease, is well read in the history and literature of the country, and enjoys the confidence of the tribes- men. . . . Dr. Bellew’s book will be read with considerable interest, both as a valuable contribution to ethnography and as a guide in the maze in which politicians have lost themselves.” b THACKER, SPINK & CO., CALCUTTA. Prepared for the use of the Survey Department of India, and published under the authority of the Government of India. Royal 8vo._ Rs. 12. DETAILING THE MODE OF OPERATIONS ON THE TRIGONOMETRICAL, ee ey wom LF9 DROPOGRAPATICA TL, AND REVENUE on: COMPILED BY oir mt. L. TMUILLIER, K.C.S.1, RoYaL ARTILLERY, AND revuT.-CoL: R. SMYTH, late BENGAL ARTILLERY. 19 THACKER, SPINK & CO., CALCUTTA. In Crown 8vo., Rs. 3-8. id STEEPLECHASE HORSE: Bow to Selert, Oysin and Ridy Bim, WITH NOTES ON ACCIDENTS AND DISEASES, AND THEIR TREATMENT. By CAPTAIN J.-H Use RE | : OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. G. Sporting Life.— Under this title we have to notice a very useful and inte- resting volume, evidently the work of a practical pen. The subject-matter applies principally to Indian experiences, but is for the most part applicable to the selection, education, and management of the horse in any country. The treatment of equine ailments is also set forth in plain language. “‘ With these remarks we feel justified in heartily commending the book, and its perusal cannot fail to repay.” Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News.—‘‘ The following anecdote is an admirable specimen of what ingenuity and determination can accomplish. It is borrowed from an excellent little volume by Captain Humfrey, entitled, ‘The Steeplechase,’ a treatise which though primarily intended for Indian readers, may be studied with advantage by all who care to know what a prac- tical judge has to say upon the subject.” 20 / LTHACKER, SPINK..& CO. CALCUTTA. Third Edition, Demy 8vo, Rs. ro. A MANUAL OF GARDENING BENGAL AND UPPER INDIA. By THOMAS A. C. FIRMINGER, M.A. —>__—_ OPERATIONS OF GARDENING. Chap. I.—Climate—Soils—Manures, Chap. II.—Laying-out a Garden—Lawns — Hedges—Hoeing and Digging — Drainage — Conservatories — Betel Houses—Decorations—Implements— Shades—Labels—Vermin— Weeds. Chap. III.—Seeds—Seed Sowing—Pot Culture—Planting—Cuttings—Layers —Gootee—Grafting and Inarching— Budding—Pruning and Root Pruning —Conveyance. Chap. IV.—Calendar of Operations. GARDEN PLANTS. 1. Culinary Vegetables. 2. Dessert Fruits. » 3. Edible Nuts. x 4. Ornamental Annuals. Sse 5. Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, —S and Herbaceous Perennials. IN PREPARATION. Demy 8vo. MANUAL OF AGRICULTURE FOR INDIA. By [a PRED POE SON, AUTHOR OF ‘‘ INDIAN GARDENING, ‘‘ THE INDIAN AGRICULTURIST.” ¢ — Principal Headings.—SOILS, PLOUGHING, MANURES, WHEAT, BARLEY, OATS, MILLET, MAIZE, PEA, BEAN, DALL, SUGAR, ROOT FIELD Crops, &c., &c. 2] THACKER, SPINK &> CO:, CALCULA, In Demy 8vo., cloth., Rs. 8. MALARIA: ITS CAUSES AND ITS EFFECTS; AND INJURIES OF THE SPLHEN. BY FE. G. RUSSEEL, MS. "B66 ex Surgeon, Bengal Medical Service. OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. ©—_—_ The Lancet.—‘' In the present volume Dr. Russell discusses most exhaustively the subject of malaria and its effects, and the work should be read by all who are liable to be called upon to treat the conditions to which it gives rise. The chapter which describes the malarial lesions of the stomach and liver will perhaps be read with most interest by the English practitioner. Dr. Russeli offers a useful hint not to mistake severe dyspepsia and gastric irritability associated with pale diarrhoea arising from too constant and prolonged a residence in malarious regions for hepatic - disease induced by ‘free living’—a caution the more needed since, we fear, all . dyspeptic troubles occurring in old Indians are apt to be regarded as due ‘to liver’ provoked by unlimited brandy pawnee, hot curries, and tropical suns. Dr. Russell ably discusses the relationship between ague and typhoid—a question that has been raised by Sir Joseph Fayrer. . . . The second part of the volume is devoted to an analysis of fifty cases of injury of the spleen. These injuries, from the fre- ‘quency of their occurrence, and the importance of their medico-legal bearings, are of peculiar interest to the medical practitioner in India, but their consideration need not detain us at present. We therefore leave Dr. Russell's volume, commending it to the notice of our readers as a book full of facts and of clinical research, and which must be considered as an authority on the subject of malaria.” The Medical Press and Circular.—‘‘;The appearance of this work is opportune at this time, when the subject of fevers in relation to climate in India is obtaining special attention. The author, from his position as civil surgeon of Kamrup in | Assam, had ample opportunities of practically studying his subject, for the district of which that station is the centre is noted for its malarious character, and for the prevalence of malarial disease, including ‘fever and its sequelze, dysentery, diarrhoea, and cholera.’ But besides the results of his personal observations, he summarises the views of recognised authorities on his subject, and thus presents to his readers a convenient epitome of previous investigations. His work is of considerable merit, and deserves to be extensively read.”’ 22 a LTHACKHR, SPINK & CO., CALCUTTHA, ENTIRELY RE-WRITTEN. Seventh Edition. Crown 8vo., Rs. 7. GOODEVE’S HINTS FOR THE MANAGEMENT AND MEDICAL TREATMENT ‘CHILDREN IN INDIA. RE-WRITTEN By EDWARD A, BIRCH, MD., Surgeon-Major, Bengal Establishment. / Dr. Goodeve.—‘'1 have no hesitation in saying, that the present edition is for many reasons superior to its predecessors. It is written very carefully, and with much knowledge and experience on the author’s part, whilst it possesses the great advantage of bringing up the subject to the present level of Medical Science.” The Medical Times and Gazette, in an article upon this work and Moore’s ‘Family Medicine for India,’ says :—‘‘ New editions of these two well-known works have recently appeared. ‘They are both intended to supply in some measure the medical wants of our numerous countrymen in India, who may be either far from professional help, in emergencies of sickness or of accident, or destitute of medical advice regarding the proper management of their own health, and especially that of their children, in the trying climate of Hindostan. Although we are, as a rule, very much opposed to popular medical instruction, believing that the result is most frequently a minimum of serviceable knowledge along with a vast preponderance of what is but partial, misleading, and dangerous, yet the peculiar circumstances of many of our countrymen in India, together with the special and insidious dangers of its varying climate, fully justify the publication of a few trustworthy popular works to warn the unwary new-comer, before it be too late, of the’ dangers he has to encounter, and to give judicious counsel to solitary individuals and families who cannot enjoy the advantages of personal professional advice. Moreover, the two works before us are in themselves probably about the best examples of medical works written for non-professional readers, ‘The style of each is simple, and as free as possible from technical expressions. The modes of treatment recommended are generally those most likely to yield good results in the hands of laymen; and throughout each volume the important fact is kept constantly before the mind of the reader, that the volume he is using is but a poor substitute for personal pro- fessional advice, for which it.must be discarded whenever there is the opportunity. Written with such objects, and in such a spirit, these volumes cannot fail to be of the greatest service; and that they are appreciated is shown by the rapid appear- ance of successive editions, the second mentioned and elder treatise having now reached the seventh edition. We would add, that although they are specially written for lay readers, there are few young medical officers proceeding to India who would not receive several useful hints from these unpretentious volumes. 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