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ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.

HAND-LIST

OF

CONI FERAE,

GROWN IN

THE KOYAL BOTANIC GABDENS.

(SECOND EDITION.)

LONDON:

SOLD AT THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, X, 2W.

PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,

By DARLING & SON, Ltd., 34-40, Bacon Street, E.

A 4,

Price Threepence. ^X N (TT?

^ '. V

VO \<V

73

1 6 PS

PREFACE.

THIS Hand-list might properly have formed part
of that of the "Trees and Shrubs grown in the
Arboretum," but so many persons possess collections of
Conifers who are not interested in other ligneous plants
that there was an obvious convenience in treating them
separately. There was the further advantage that this
enabled the species which are grown under glass to be
included. The natural order, or rather group, Goniferaey
is so well defined that it is desirable to enumerate in one
list all the species actually in cultivation at Kew.

The present Hand-list (first edition) comprises 227
species, with 340 varieties, belonging to 37 genera.

Sir Joseph Hooker, the late Director of the Royal
Gardens, had contemplated the preparation of a Catalogue
•of the Kew Pinetum. In view of this he had drawn up
a brief review of the literature of the subject, which he
has now, after revision, kindly permitted to be used.

" In the following list the species are referred to the
genera under which they have been placed by the latest
authorities, who have revised the Order Coniferae. That
such an authoritative list should be published is the wish.

5000 Wt 23841 5/03 D & S 29 13614. a 2

of all intelligent cultivators of these interesting plants,,
and its publication in this country is rendered all the
more needful from the fact that British cultivators alone
persist in referring the Silver Firs to Picea, and the
Spruces to Abies, a practice long abandoned on the
Continent, and which has not been adopted in America.
And if, as I hope, the correct nomenclature will in future
be adopted in regard to the Latin names of these genera,
I would further urge a reform in respect of their English
equivalents, in so far as to confine the use of the words
Pine to the species of Pinus, of Spruce to those of Picea,
and of Silver Fir to those of Abies. We should then be
in accordance with the universal practice throughout
North America, which is the head-quarters of all three
genera, where a Pine is never called a Fir, nor a Fir
called a Spruce, nor a Spruce a Pine.

The following historic sketch of the various essays of
Botanists to limit the genera and species of Abietineae
shows how divergent have been their views. I have
endeavoured to make it more instructive, by giving
(where there are materials for doing so) under each
attempt the number of species known to its author, thus
further showing the progressive discovery of species
during the last hundred and eighty years or thereabouts.

Tournefort, in 1717, indicated the three genera Abies,.
Pinus, and Larix (including Cedrus) ; and his Cedrus
is Juniperus,

In 1731 the first edition of Miller's Gardener's
Dictionary appeared, where he has Pinus, Cedrus, Larix
and Abies with 16 species in all.

Linnaeus, in 1753, included these all under Pinna, of
"which he enumerated 10 species.

In 1789 A. L. de Jussieu, in his Genera Plantarum,
has only two genera, Pinus and Abies.

In the same year the first edition of Aiton's Hortus
Kewensis appeared, wherein all the Abietineae (19 species)
are included under Pinus.

In 1803 was published the first edition of Lambert's
Genus Pinus, containing about 35 species of Abietineae,
all included under Pinus.

In 1813 the second edition of the Hortus Kewensis
appeared, in which, as before, all the Abietineae
(increased to 29) are included under Pinus.

In 1826 Louis Claude Richard's Memoire stir les
Goniferes was edited by his son. This classical work is
the earliest that dealt scientifically with the order
Coniferae, and in it the Tribe Abietineae was first
established, to include Pinus (under which were placed
Spruces and Silver Firs), and Larix (which included the
Cedars) ; to these were added, Gunningliamia, Agathis
■(Dammar a), and Araucaria, which now form a distinct
Tribe.

In 1827 Link, in the Journal of the Academy of
Sciences of Berlin, proposed the five genera : Pinus,
Picea (for Spruces), Abies (for Silver Firs), Larix, and
Gedrus.

In 1832 the second edition of Lambert's Genus Pinus
appeared, wherein the Abietineae were all, as before,
included under Pinus ; which however was broken up
by David Don (Lambert's Herbarium keeper) into six

VI.

sections, Pinus, Strobus, Abies (for the Spruces), Picea,
(for the Silver Firs and Tsugas), Larix, and Cedrus*
About 48 species in all are described.

In 1838 Loudon's .great work, the Arboretum et Fruti-
cetum Britannicum, appeared. The Tribe Abictineae is
here adopted as defined by Richard, with the genera
Pinus, Abies, Picea, Larix, and Cedrus : and here that
confusion of Abies and Picea which so distresses British
foresters and planters had its origin. At p. 2105 there
is a clavis of the genera, where the genus Abies is attri-
buted to Link, but the characters given to it are those
of Link's Picea ; and in like manner Picea is attributed
to Link, though the characters given are those of Link's
Abies, and they are followed by D. Don in brackets.
Turning now to the full account of the genera, at
p. 2293, we find "Abies, D. Don in Lamb. Pin. vol. iii."
with the addition of " Picea, Link " as a synonym,
followed by descriptions of the Spruces. And at p. 2329
we have " Picea, D. Don in Lamb. Pin. vol. iii." with
Abies, Link, as a synonym ; followed by descriptions
of the Silver Firs. Now not only was the edition of
Lambert's work subsequent to Link's establishment of
Picea for Spruces and Abies for Silver Firs, but Don
nowhere in Lambert's Genus Pinus proposed these
names as generic. Disregarding this blundering, which
probably originated in the elaboration of the conifers
being a composite work of Don and Loudon working
apart, there remains but one argument for preferring
Don's nomenclature, which is, that Linnaeus called the
Silver Fir Pinus Picea and the Spruce P. Abies, assuming
that he was following the practice of the ancients, in
which he is known to have been mistaken.

VII

Owing to the great merit and utility of Loudon's
Arboretum, his nomenclature has hitherto been uni-
versally adopted in the United Kingdom. It contains
descriptions of about 70 species of Abietineae.

In 1841 Link (in Linnaea, vol. xv., p. 481) reviewed
the whole Tribe of Abietineae, retaining, as before,
Pinus, Picea, Abies, Larix, and Cedrus, and enumerating
52 species.

In 1841-46, Antoine's Die Conifer en appeared, in
which all the Abietineae are referred to Pinus, with
sections of Pinus proper, Larix, Cedrus, Picea, Don,
Abies, Don, and Tsnga ; he describes 90 species.

In 1842 Spach, in his Histoire Naturelle des Vegelaux,
adopted Pinus, Abies (including under it as sections
Picea, Link, Tsuga, and Pseudotsuga), Cedrus, and
Larix.

Endlicher, in the same year, in his Genera Plan-
tarum reverted to Linnaeus' practice of including all
under Pinus, but made four sections — Pinus proper,
Picea, Link, Abies, Link, and Larix, including Cedrus.

In the same author's Synopsis Coniferarum, published
two years later, he maintains the genus Pinus entire, as
before, but subdivides it into 11 sections, with 109
species.

In 1850 Lindley and Gordon published (in the
Journal of the Horticultural Society, vol. v.) " An
Enumeration of Coniferae cultivated in Great Britain,"
where two genera only are adopted, Pinus and Abies,
and the latter is subdivided into Firs (including Spruces),
Larches, and Cedars, with 119 species.

vni

Meisner in 1836-43 published his Genera Plantarum
Vascularium, wherein he includes all Abietineae under
Pinus, with, as sections, Pinus proper, Picea, Link,
Abies, Link, and Larix, including Cedrus.

In 1855 Carriere's Traite general des Coniferes
appeared ; he keeps up Pinus, Abies, Link, Picea, Link,
Larix, Cedrus, and Tsuga, which includes Pseudotsuga.
This work enumerates 133 species, many of which are
now ranked as varieties.

In 1858 appeared the first edition of Gordon's Pinetum,
in which he maintains Pinus, Abies, Don (including
Tsuga and Pseudotsuga), Picea, Don, Larix, Cedrus, and
Pseudolarix. He enumerates 131 species, of which
many are imperfectly known.

In 1865 Henkel and Hochstetter published their Die
Conifer en, with the following arrangement, Pinus, Abies
(including Picea, Link, Abies, Link, Tsuga, and Pseudo-
tsuga), Cedrus, Larix, and the new genus Pseudolarix,
Gord. They describe 130 species, which should be
reduced much as Carriere's should be.

In 1867 the second edition of Carriere's Traite was
published, in which all the genera of the first edition
are retained together with Pseudotsuga and Keteleeria,
and 153 species are described, excluding many dubious
ones.

In 1868 Parlatore's monograph of the order appeared
in the 16th volume of De Candolle's Prodromus. The
genus Pinus is divided into two sub-genera Pinus
proper for the Pines, and Sapinus ; which latter includes

IX

as sections only Picea, Link, Abies, Link, Cedms, Larix,
Pseudolarix, Tsuga, and Pseudotsuga. The species
described are 162.

In 1875 the second edition of Gordon's Pinetum was
published, in which the same genera are retained as in
the 1858 edition, with 150 species.

Lastly, in the Genera Plantarum (1882), Mr. Bentham
and I have distinguished Pimis, Picea, Link, Abies,
Link, Tsuga, Pseudotsuga, Larix, and Cedrus, to which
must now be added Pseudolarix and probably Keteleeria,
both at that time very imperfectly known.

In 1886 Dr. M. T. Masters published {Journal of the
Linnean Society, xxii. pp. 169-212, tt. 2-10, with 32
woodcut figures in the text) some " Contributions to
the History of certain Conifers." This was followed
in 1890 by a " Review of some points in the comparative
Morphology, Anatomy, and Life History of the
Coniferae" (Journ. Linn, Soc, xxvii. pp. 226-332,
with 29 woodcut figures in the text), and in 1895 by
" Notes on the Genera of Taxaceae and Coniferae "
(Journ. Linn. Soc, xxx. pp. 1-42).

In 1889, two years after his death, Dr. A. W. Eichler's
elaboration of the Coniferae appeared in Engler and
Prantl's Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien. He classifies
the genera under two primary divisions : Pinoideae and
Taxoideae. The former he again divides into Abietineae
and Cupressineac, with several ternary divisions, and the
latter into Podocarpeae and Taxeae. The genera are
limited, with few exceptions, as they are by Bentham
and Hooker ; but he retains Chamaccyparis, Thuioims

and Pseudolarix, and sinks Pseudotsuga in Tsuga and
Prumnopitys in Podocarpus.

In 1891 L. Beissner published a Handbuch der Nadel-
holzkunde. This was preceded by a Handbuch der
Coniferen-Benennung (1887), followed by two supple-
ments (1891-2) on Einheitliche Coniferen-Benennung.
Beissner deals critically with the numerous natural and
garden varieties and hybrids. He has also paid much
attention to nomenclature, though he accepts familiar
names rather than revive obscure ones on the rule of
priority.

In 1892 the Royal Horticultural Society held a
" Conifer Conference," and the papers read thereat form
the fourteenth volume of the Journal of the Society
This is one of the most interesting volumes issued by the
Society, containing a great variety of valuable informa-
tion concerning Coniferae, including a general intro-
duction and a list of the species cultivated in Great
Britain and Ireland, by Dr. M. T. Masters, F.R.S.

In 1894 H. Baillon (Histoire des Plantes, xii. pp. 1-45)
published an account of the order, with a synopsis of,
the genera, which he reduced to twenty-four, including
Casuarina. He divides the order into eight " series,"
namely : Taxees, Cupressees, Juniperees, Athrotaxees,
Nagelees, Araucariees, Pinees, and Casuarinees. The
inclusion of the last is inexplicable, and some changes
in nomenclature will not meet with general approval.
Belts, Salisb. is revived for Cunninghamia, R. Br. ;
Podocarpus, Labill. for Phyllocladus, Rich. ; Agathis,
Salisb. for Dammara, Laink., and Nageia, Gaertn. for
Podocarpus, L'Herit."

XI

Sir Joseph Hooker has been for some years so
incessantly occupied with the completion of his " Flora
of British India " that the detailed study of the Kew
Pinetum which, as will be seen, he had proposed to
himself, is entirely beyond his powers. Kew has,
however, had the advantage, in drawing up the present
Hand-list, of the assistance of Dr. Masters, F.R.S., who
is now the acknowledged authority on the nomenclature
of Conifers in this country. As a general rule at Kew,
the Genera Plan tar um is accepted as the standard of
nomenclature. In the present case some deviations have
been adopted, which have received the concurrence of
Sir Joseph Hooker. Of these Dr. Masters has been so
good as to furnish the following brief explanation : —

" The arrangement of the genera in the following list
d iff ers in a few particulars from that adopted in Bentham
and Hooker's Genera Plantar um. The principal differ-
ence consists in the maintenance of the Taxaceae as a
distinct order as originally proposed by Richard and
followed by Endlicher, Lindley, and many other botanists.
This arrangement permits of a more natural arrange-
ment of the several taxaceous genera under two tribes,
the Salisburineae comprising Ginkgo, Cephalotaxus, and
Torreya, and the Taxineae including the two sub-tribes
Taxeae and Podocarpeae. Prumnopitys, Philippi (with
which Stachycarpus, Van Tieghem, is synonymous) is
placed by Bentham and Hooker under Podocarpus,
but the combination of morphological and histological
characters point to the desirability of maintaining it as a
separate genus.

XI 1

"Among the Coniferae proper or Pinaceae a few
changes have been made from the grouping of Bentham
and Hooker in accordance with the fuller knowledge of
certain points of structure that is now available.
Tetraclinis is proposed as a distinct genus, represented
by the North African Callitris quadrivalvis, on the
ground of its structure and geographical distribution.
Widdringtonia is separated from Callitris for similar
reasons.

"The sub-divisions of Cupresstis and of Thuya have
been bandied about between the two genera. The genus
Cupressus, as here understood, includes the Cypresses
proper and the so-called flat Cypresses (Chamaecyparis),
which Bentham and Hooker place under Thuya, and
which others prefer to consider as a separate genus.
Retinispora, it is now well known, has no claim to a
separate generic position, the so-called species of this
genus being merely stages of growth of particular species
of Thuya, Juniperus, Cupressus, etc. This is proved by
the occasional occurrence of many of these forms on the
same bush. The North-Western American Thuiopsis,
placed under Thuya by Bentham and Hooker, is more
like a Cupressus, whilst the Japanese plant known under
the same generic name is a true Thuya. Probably the
fusion of Cupressus and Thuya into one genus would be
the most natural arrangement, but in practice the incon-
venience of such a grouping and the consequent
confusion of the nomenclature would be almost
intolerable.

" Psciidolarix of Gordon is shown by the male flowers
to constitute a distinct genus, as was indeed suspected
by Bentham.

X1U

" Keteleeria of Carriere, referred by Bentham to Abies,
is also shown by the fuller knowledge we now have of
its structure to constitute a distinct genus."

The collections of Coniferae at Kew have occupied
three different positions at successive times. According
to John Smith's privately printed Records of Kew (p. 258),
the original Arboretum consisted of about five acres.
It lay between the Temple of the Sun and the present
Main Entrance. It was laid out by W. Aiton on the
Linnean system. " Pinus occupied the north and part of
the east."

In the first edition of the Hortus Kewensis (1789)
Aiton enumerates 36 species of Coniferae as cultivated
at Kew ; in the second edition (1813) 56 species are
recorded, "which formed the collection in the original
Arboretum." Some of these still remain. According to
Smith (p. 286), "within a few yards of the entrance
gates on Kew Green stands a specimen of P. Laricio (the
Corsican Pine). In 1825 the late R. A. Salisbury informed
me that he brought it from the south of France, in the
year 1814 ; it is now (1880) 85 feet high, and the most
conspicuous tree in the Gardens."

Ginkgo biloba (Salisburia adiantifolia), first introduced
in 1754, was, according to Smith (p. 267), "originally
trained against a wall like a fruit tree ; upon the wall
being taken down, and the branches cut away, it is now
(1880) a fine tree. When against the wall one of its tide
branches early produced male flowers." It again did so
in 1895, and probably in previous years.

Cedrus Deodara was, according to Smith (p. 287),
introduced " by the Hon. Leslie Melville, in the year

XIV

1831, who, on visiting the Gardens, gave me a few seeds
which he had loose in his pocket, one of which vegetated,
and after several years nursing was planted in the old

Arboretum In 1864 it had attained a height

of 32 feet." The tree became diseased and was taken
down in 1888. Near its former position is one, now
nearly as large, raised from seed ripened in England by
Sir T. D. Acland, Bart,

In 1813, by permission of the Queen, nbout 45 acres
were added to the original Botanic Garden for the
formation of a Pinetum. This included the ground
formerly bounded by a wire fence on which the Palm
House now stands, and to the north, west, and south of it,
Smith {Records, p. 291) says : — " The area was planted
with conifers .... without any special arrange-
ment." Many of these still remain and have attained
a considerable size ; one of the most conspicuous is
the fine specimen of Pinus monticola, now 56 feet
high.

Kew owes its existing Pinetum to Sir Joseph Hooker,
who has always taken a peculiar interest in this ancient
and striking group of plants. A visit to Syria in 1860
enabled him to study the Cedar of Lebanon in its native
locality. Perhaps one of the most interesting achieve-
ments of the late Turkish Ambassador, Rustem Pacha,
was his successful efforts, while Governor of Northern
Syria, to preserve what was left of the ancient grove.

In 1877 Sir Joseph Hooker's interest in Conifers was
one of the main influences which induced him to under-
take an extensive journey in Western North America.
He brought back a rich harvest of specimens which were
deposited in the Kew Museum.

XV

The Kew Pinetum has been carefully developed on the
lines which Sir Joseph Hooker laid down. These are
sufficiently indicated in the following extract from his
Report for 1872 (pp. 4-5).

"Pinetum. — This, which is by far the most important
and extensive collection in the grounds, is now all but
completed. In my Report for 1871 I stated that the
genera Abies, Picea. and a few others had been planted
along the new walk on lhe south side of the Lake.
These extend for 160 yards on both sides of the path,
and are now succeeded by the collection of Pinus
proper, which extends from the termination of Abies to
the Isleworth entrance (340 yards), and thence along
the lined-out path (100 yards) that leads to the Sion
vista. The collection of Pinus proper also extends 100
yards up the new path skirting the Queen's Cottage
grounds, where it is succeeded by the collection of Yews,
Cypresses, Retinisporas, Taxodiums, Thuyas, and smaller
American and Japanese genera.

" The Juniper collection is planted on either side of an
avenue leading through the woods from the Lake to King
William's Temple, and extends for 200 yards.

" The classified and named Pinetum thus extends
along nearly 2,000 yards of path and avenue, repre-
senting double that length, or two and a quarter miles of
made soil, beds, and plantations, except where interrupted
by old trees.

" The plants are throughout so arranged that the Old
"World species are as far as possible placed opposite to
the American species of the same genera, and there are

XVI

on the average 3-12 specimens of each species or con-
spicuous variety, placed in groups. The number of
specimens is about 1,200, all I believe correctly named,
with the exception of some doubtful ones. Almost
every species that can be grown in the open air in this
country is represented. Very few have been bought,
the majority being plants procured by exchange and
correspondence with different parts of the world, and
through the liberality of various eminent nurserymen.

" Whenever possible, the specimens in the old Pinetum
have been transplanted to this, in most cases with
apparent success, but of this there is no assurance till
the spring is over. The specimen Pines in the Botanic
Garden have not been removed."

It is only 'necessary to add that at the end of a
quarter of a century the original plan has met with as
much success as could be expected, looking at the great
variety of species which it is attempted to grow under
almost uniform conditions. A barren and arid soil has
been congenial to some groups and fatal to others.
Pines have on the whole prospered, while Spruces and
Silver Firs have languished. In the latter case the
maintenance of a collection illustrating Conifers as a
whole can only be effected by constantly renewing it
with young plants. As soon as these reach any size, .
they appear, under the conditions to which they are
exposed at Kew, inevitably to die. It may be interesting
10 mention a few of the species which flourish on the
Kew soil.

Ginkgo biloba (Maidenhair Tree) has already been
referred to. In Japan this remarkable tree, a last

representative of one of the most ancient types of plan
is only found in the precincts of temples, where it has
been almost certainly planted. Being deciduous it
tolerates the neighbourhood of towns, and it is remark-
able that it has not been more frequently planted in our
parks. But its growth is alow.

Sciadapitya verticiUata (Umbrella Pine") is represented

by a vigorous specimen.

Taxodium distiphum (Deciduous Cypress) bids fair
form a conspicuous feature on the islands in the Lake.

Ulantica (Atlas Cedar) grows with great
rapidity at Kew. The Deodar (Cedrus D
other hand, has greatly disappointed the expectations
formed of it. The most shapely and graceful specimen
which Kew possessed, do feet in height, stood on the
west side of the Pagoda Vista, between the Palm Ho;
and King William's Temple. It was anfortnately
destroyed by lightning on August 10th, 1805.
Bulletin, 1895, p. 235.)

Larix eugopaea (Larch) grows well at Kew. Scatter d
through the woods are many tine speeimens, the wood
of which is of excellent quality.

Abies brachyphylla, from Japan, grows with
rapidity, and promises to be one of the most successful
additions to the Pinetum from that country.

Pinus Coulteri is represented by a very tine specimen
near the Cactus House (No. V.).

Pinus La 'irio (Corsiean Pine) has already been
referred to.

13614 *

XV111

Pinus excelsa (Bhotan Pine) is represented by
numerous vigorous specimens.

Pinus monticola has already been referred to.

Of the specimen trees in the Botanic Garden some
have been already mentioned. Perhaps one of the
most notable was the first specimen of the Chili Pine
(Araucaria imbricata), the history of which is given in
the Kew Bulletin for 1893 (pp. 24, 25). It died, and was
removed in the autumn of the preceding year.

Several of the tender Conifers grown in the Temperate
House are fine specimens of some age.

Agathis cmstralis (Kauri Pine) was introduced to
Kew in 1838 by " Sir William Symonds, then Surveyor-
General of the Navy " (Smith, Records, p. 289).

Agathis robusta, according to Smith {Records, p. 290),
was introduced to Kew in 1852, and grew freely in the
Palm House. It was subsequently removed into the
Temperate House, the conditions of which seem to suit
it even better.

Araucaria Bidwillii (Bunya Bunya) was brought to
this country in 1846 by Mr. T. Bidwill, who " was super-
intendent pro tern, of the Sydney Botanic Gardens "
(Smith, Records, p. 67). It fruited in 1873.

Araucaria Cunninghamii (Moreton Bay Pine) was
discovered by Allan Cunningham in Queensland (pro-
bably about 1826), who forwarded plants to Kew, of
which the existing specimen is the survivor. Some
years ago it was much disfigured by a gust of wind

XIX

which carried off about 25 feet of the top. The stump
was trimmed, and a new leader was speedily produced,
which eventually restored the symmetry.

Araucaria excelsa (Norfolk Island Pine), a native of
Norfolk Island, according to Smith {Records, p. 66),
introduced to Kew from New South Wales in 1793, by
Governor Phillips (first Governor of New South Wales).
The necessity for providing adequate accommodation for
this and other striking plants led to the erection of the
Temperate House, to which they were transferred in
1863. The habit of the specimen at Kew, which is now
more than a century old, is a good deal altered (and
perhaps improved) by the pruning necessary to keep it
within bounds, even in its present position.

Kew, March, 1896.

XX

PEEFACE TO SECOND EDITION.

THE first edition (1896) of the Hand-list of Coniferae
grown in the Kew Arboretum has been for some time
exhausted.

It is now republished after having been carefully
revised and enlarged by the addition of the names of
numerous species and varieties which have been added to
the collection since the first edition was prepared. For
the revision I am indebted to Dr. Masters, F.R.S.

The number of Coniferous plants now enumerated
includes 246 species and 451 varieties, or some 700 "sorts"
in all.

In the first edition it was stated (p. 16) that Ginkgo
bildba " is apparently nowhere known in the wild state."
Several fine specimens have since been found by
Mrs. Bishop in the magnificent forests which surround
the sources of the Great Gold river and the smaller Min,
in Western China, and also in the forests of Central
Yesso, Japan. (Journ. Linn. Soe. BoL, xxvi. 547.)

The following measurements of exceptional specimens
have been made by Mr. W. J. Bean, the Assistant Curator.
Those marked with a f exceed the dimensions recorded
in the report of the Royal Horticultural Society's
Conifer Conference in 1892 : —

f Abies brachyphyUa ; in collection, 39 feet high :
2 feet girth.

xxi

Agathis australis ; in temperate house, 31 feet high ;
.1 foot 2 inches girth.

Agathis rdbu8ta ; in temperate house, 39 feet high ;
1 foot 8 inches girth.

Araucaria Bidwillii ; northern half of temperate
house ; girth 3 feet 7 inches ; present height
48 feet, but has been cut down.

Araucaria Cookii ; in temperate house, 30 feet

6 inches high ; 1 foot 4 inches girth.

Araucaria Cunninghamii ; in temperate house,
girth 3 feet ; has been lowered several times,
present height 47 feet.

Araucaria excelsa ; in temperate house, 48 feet high
(before the top was removed 53 feet high) ; 3 i'eet

7 inches girth.

Cedrus atlantica ; there are specimens in Kew
between 60 feet and 70 feet high.

* Cedrus Libatoi ; several fine specimens in Kew ;
the best, probably, is the one terminating a short
vista N.W. of the Palm House ( -| on key plan),
69 feet high ; 14 feet 2 inches girth.

Cv/pressus macrocarpa ; near Lily pond, 49 feet high ;
."> feet 4 inches girth.

f Ginkgo biloba ; near No. 3 Fernery, 61 feet high ;
9 feet 2 inches girth (at 2 feet 6 inches from
ground).

* Except where otherwise stated the girth of the trunk is taken at
3 feet from the ground.

XX11

f Larix eurojmea, a dead tree felled in wood near
Temperate House, November, 1902, was 105 feet
long as it fell, a small portion, estimated at 5 feet
or 6 feet, had previously been blown off the top so
that at its prime it must have been at least 110 feet
high.

Picea Omorica ; this spruce is one of the most
promising in Kew, a tree about 14 years old, is
now 17 feet 6 inches high ; 11 inches girth.

Pinus bungeana ; in collection, 20 feet high ; 1 foot

8 inches girth.

f Pinus Coulteri ; near Succulent House, 54 feet
high ; 7 feet 5 inches girth.

Pinus excel sa ; on lawn near Victoria Gate, 62 feet
high ; 7 feet 8 inches girth.

Pinus flexills ; in collection near Isleworth Gate,
31 feet high ; 2 feet 6 inches girth ; has produced
cones for several years.

t Pinus lambertiana ; in collection near Lily Pond,
63 feet high ; 4 feet 7 inches girth.

f Pinus Laricio ; near main entrance, 86 feet high ;

9 feet 3 inches girth.

f Pinus Laricio var. pallasiana ; in collection, 60 feet
high ; 7 feet girth.

Pinus monticola ; on lawn N.W. of Water-lily
House ; 63 feet high ; 5 feet 1 inch girth.

Pinus palustr is ; in collection, 19 feet high; 8 inches
girth.

t Pinus Pinaster ; near Old Oak Avenue, 71 feet
high ; 7 feet 8 inches girth.

XX111

t Pinus Pinea ; near Director's Office, 31 feet high ;

7 feet 7 inches girth ; 46 feet diameter.

f Pi mis sabiniana \ in collection, 55 feet high ; girth

8 feet 2 inches (at 18 inches from ground).

Pinus Strobus ; in Rhododendron Dell, 74 feet high ;
6 feet 2 inches girth ; one of several old trees now
decaying.

I'inus sylvestris ; near Pagoda, 79 feet high ; 7 feet
3 inches girth.

Pseudolarix Kaempferi ; 25 feet high ; 2 feet 4 inches
girth.

| Sciadopitys verticillata ; in collection, 14 feet

9 inches high ; 1 foot 4 inches girth.

Sequoia sempervirens ; in collection, 66 feet high,
8 feet 8 inches girth. The top of this tree was
blown off some years ago, and although a new and
vigorous leader has been formed the tree is not so
high as formerly.

W. T. T. D.

Kew, April, 1903.

TAXACEAE.

Tribe I.— Salisburineae.

Ginkgo biloba, L. Veitch Manual eel. 1, 313, f. 63 ; ed. 2,
107 f . China. « The Maidenhair tree."

Salisburia adiantifolia, Salisb.
Var. fastigiata.
Var. macrophylla laciniata.
Var. pendula.
Var. triloba.
Var. variegata.

Cephalotaxus drupacea, Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii. tt. 130,
131. Japan.

C. Fortuni, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4199 ; Beissner Handbuch
182, f . 45. Northern China.

Var. brevifolia, Hort. ?
Var. longifolia, Hort. ?

Var. robusta.

C. Oliveri, Mast. Icones Plantarum t. 1933, Gard.
Chron. 1903, xxxiii. 227, f. 93. China.

C. pedunculata, Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii. t. 132. Veitch
Manual ed. 2, 115, f. 50 ; Beissner Handbuch 179,
f. 44.

Taxus Harringtonia, Knight & Perry.

* Those species marked with an asterisk are grown under glass.
13614 A

3

Cephalotaxus pedunculata — cont.
Var. fastigiata, Garr. Rev. Hortio. 1863, 349, f. 36.
C. Buergeri, Miq.
Podocarpus koraianus, Hort.
Taxus japonica, Hort.

Torreya californica, Torr. Sargent Silva x. t. 513. Cali-
fornia. "California Nutmeg."

T. Myristica, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4780 ; Gar J. Chron.
1884, xxii. 681, f. 116.

T. nucifera, Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii. t. 129. Japan.

T. taxifolia, Arn. ; Beissner Handbuch 187, f . 46. Sargent
Silva x. t. 512. W. Florida. " Stinking Cedar."

Tribe II.— Taxineae.

Sub-tribe I. — Taxeae.

*Phyllocladus rhomboidalis, Rich. Con if. t. 3, f. 2. Tas-
mania. " Adventure Bay Pine."

Yews.

Taxus baccata, L. ; Beissner Handbuch 168, f. 43 ; Eng.
Bot. ed. 3. t. 1384; Bentl. & Trim. Medic. Plants
t. 253. Europe and Northern Asia. " Common
Yew."

Var. adpressa, Garr.
T. adpressa, Gordon.
T. brevifolia, Hort. (not Nutt.)
T. sinensis tardiva, Kntght.

Var. adpressa aurea.

13G14 A 2

Taxus baccata — cont.
Var. adpressa stricta.

T. adpressa erecta, Hort.
T. adpressa fastigiata, Hort.
T. adpressa stricta, Hort.
T. baccata verticillata, Hort.

Var. adpressa variegata.

Var. albo-variegata, Spaeth.

Var. argentea.

Var. aurea.

Var. aureo-variegata.

Var. Barroni.

Var. brevifolia.

Var. cheshuntensis, Gord.

Var. Dovastoni, Garr. Rev. Hortic. 1861, 175, f.
" Westfelton Yew."

T. Dovastoni, Hort.

T. pendula, Hort.

T. umbraculifera, Hort.

Var. Dovastoni aureo-variegata.

Var. elegantissima.

Var. epacridioides.

Var. erecta, Loud.
T. baccata stricta.
T. baccata Crowderi.

Var. ericoides.

T. baccata empetrifolia.
T. baccata microphylla.
T. baccata Mitchelli.

Taxus baccata — cant.
Var. expansa, Carr.

Var. fastigiata, Loud; Veitch Manual ed. 2, 141, f. 52.
" The Irish Yew."

T. hibernica, Hook.

Var. fastigiata argentea.

Var. fastigiata aurea, Standish.
T. hibernica aurea.

Var. fastigiata Standishii.

Var. Fisheri.

Var. Foxi.

Var. fructu luteo.

Var. glauca, Garr.-

T. baccata subglaucescens, Jacques.

T. baccata nigra. Hort.

Var. gracilis pendula.

Var. horizontalis, Knight.
T. disticha, Wender.

Var. horizontalis elegantissima.

Var. imperialis.

Var. Jacksoni.

Var. nana, Knight & Perry.

Var. " Neidpath."

Var. procumbens, Lodd.

Var. pyramidalis.

Var. pyramidalis variegata.

Var. recurvata, Carr.
T. recurvata, Laivson.

Taxus baccata — cont.

Var. semperaurea.

Var. Sieboldi.

Var. sinensis, Knight.

Var. Washingtoni.

T. canadensis Washingtoni, Hort.

T. brevifolia, Nutt. Sylva t, 108 ; Sargent Silva x. t. 514,
Western N. America. " Calif ornian Yew."

T. canadensis, Willd. Canada and N. Eastern United
States. •' Canadian Yew."

Var. aurea.

T. cuspidata, Sieb. & Zucc Fl. Jap. ii. t. 128. Mountains
of Japan. " Japanese Yew."

T. baccata cuspidata, Carr.
Var. compacta.

*Dacrydium araucaroides, Brongn. & Gris. New Caledonia.

*D. cupressinum, Soland. ; Kirk Forest Flora of New
Zealand tt. 18, 19. New Zealand.

*D. elatum, Wall. ; Blume Rumphia iii. tt. 172. b, 172. c.
Malaya.

*D, Franklini, Hook. f. Flora Tasmaniae 1. 100. Tasmania.

Sub-tribe II. — Podocarpeae.

Podocarpus alpina, B. Br. Tasmania.

*P. amara, Blume Rumpbia iii. t. 170. Java.

*P. argotaenia, Hance. Cbina.
P. insignis, Hemsl.

11

*Podocarpus canaliculata, Hort. Origin uncertain.

*P. chilina, Rich. Conif. t. 1, f. 1. Andes of Chili.
P. andina, Hort. (not Poepj).).

*P. cupressina, B. Br. Benn. PL Jav. Rar. 1. 10. Burma,
Malaya.

*P. dacrydioides, A. Rich. Kirk Forest Flora of New
Zealand tt. 31, 32. New Zealand.

*P. elongata, UHerit. ; Engler Pflanzenw. Ost.-Afr. t. i.
E. Africa, &c.

*P. ferruginea, D. Don. ; Kirk Forest Flora of New
Zealand t. 84. New Zealand.

*P. japonica, Sieb. Japan.

*P. macrophylla, D. Don. ; Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii. tt. 133,
134. Japan.

*P. Nageia, R. Br. ; Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii. t. 135.
Japan.

*Var. rotundifolia.

*P. neriifolia, D. Don. ; Bot. Mag. t. 4655. Himalaya.

*P.l nubigena, Litull. & Paxt. Flower Garden 1851, 162.
f. 128 ; Gard. Chron. 1891, x. 171, f. 23. Chili.

*P. pectinata, Panch. (ex. Brongn. & Oris.) ; Bot. Mag.
t. 7854. New Caledonia.

Dacrydium Pancheri, Brongn & Oris.
*P. purdieana, Hook. Icones Plantarum t. 624. Jamaica.
*P. salicifolia, Klotzsch & Karst. Colombia.

13

*Podocarpus Totara, G. Benn. ; Kirk Forest FJora of New
Zealand t. 115. New Zealand.

Some of the above-mentioned species may really belong
to Prumnopitys, but until they flower and can be critically
examined and determined it seems better to include them
provisionally under Podocarpus.

Prumnopitys elegans, Philippi ; Veitch Manual ed. 2, 154,
ff. 53-4. Chili.

Podocarpus andina, Poepp.

Stachycarpus andina, Van Tieghem.

*P. spicata, Mast. New Zealand.

Podocarpus spicata, R. Br. ; Kirk Forest Flora of New
Zealand, tt. 4, 5.

*P. taxifolia, Mast. Andes.

Podocarpus taxifolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp.
ii. t. 97.

Taxodium bogotense, Hart.

Saxegothea conspicua, Lindl. ; Gard. Chron. 1889, v. 782,
f. 125. Veitch Manual ed. 2, 159, f. 55. Southern
Chili. " Prince Albert's Yew.

?»

^Microcachrys tetragona, Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 5576.
Tasmania.

15

PINACEAE.

Tribe I.— Cupressineae.

Sub-tribe I. — Juniperinae. " Junipers"

fSABINA.

•Juniperus barbadensis, L. ; Sargent Silva xiv. t. 738.
Southern United States. " Red Cedar."

J. bermudiana, Lunan.

J. virginiana, (in part) various authors.

J. virginiana var. australis, Endl.

J. virginiana var. barbadensis, Gordon.

J. virginiana var. bermudiana, Vasey.

*J. bermudiana, L. ; Hemsl. Gard. Chron. 1883, xix. 657,
f.f. 105-6 ; Sargent, Garden and Forest, 1891, 289,
f.f. 51-2. Bermuda.

J. fragrans, Hort.

J. oalifornica, Carr. ; Rev. Hort. 1854, 353. f. 21. Sargent
Silva x. t. 517. Utah, Arizona, California.

J. chinensis, L. ; Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii. tt. 126, 127 ;
Beissner Handbuch, 119, f. 29. Himalaya, China,
Japan.

J. Cabiancae, Vis.

J. canadensis aurea, Hort.

J. densa, Gord.

17

Juniperus chinensis — cont.
J. flagelliformis, Hort.
J. jakobiana, Hort. Jakob-Makoij.
J. japonica, Garr.
J. reevesiana, Hort.
J. squamata, Hort. Edinb.
J. struthiaeea, Knight & Perry.
J. Thunbergii, Hook. & Am.
Var. albo-variegata.

Var. aurea.

J. japonica, Carr. var. aurea, Hort.

Var. glauca.

Var. pfitzeriana, Spaeth.

Var. Smithii.

Var. variegata.

J. excelsa, Bieb. Asia Minor, Taurus. "Greek Juniper."
J. phoenicea, Pallas Fl. Ross. t. 64 (not L.).
Var. Perkinsii.
Var. stricta.
Var. venusta.

*J. flaccida, Schlecht. ; Sargent Silva x. t. 519. Mountains
of Mexico.

J. macropoda, Boiss. Himalaya.

J. excelsa, Brandts (not Bieb.).

*J mexicana, Schiede. Mountains of Mexico.

19

Juniperus occidentalis, Hook ; Sargent Silva x. t. 521.
North Western America.

J. dealbata, Hort. aliq. (not Loud.).

J. pyriformis, Lindl.

Chamaecyparis Boursieri, Decne. (not Carr.).

Var. Burkei.
Var. fragrans.

J. pachyphlaea, Ton\ ; Sargent Silva x. t. 520. New
Mexico, Arizona.

J. phoenicea, L. ; Laguna Fl. Forest. Esp. t. 14. Mediter-
ranean region.

J. bacciformis, Carr.

J. Lycia, L. (not Pall.).

J. tetragona, Moench.

Var. turbinata.

J. dealbata, Hort. aliq.
J. oophora, Kunze.

J. pseudo-Sabina, Fisch. & Mey. Siberia, Himalaya, Tibet.

J. recurva, Biich-Ham. ; Gard. Chron. 1883, xix. 4G8, f . 69 ;
Veitch Manual ed. 2, 186, f. 57. Nepal, Cashmir.

Var. pendula.

Var. squamata, Pari.

J. densa, Gord.

J. excelsa, Bleb. var. nana, Endl.

J. religiosa, Boyle.

J. squamata, Bud i. -Ham.

21

Juniperus Sabina, L. ; Beissner Handbuch, 108, f. 27.
Mountains of Europe and N. America. " Savin.

J. excelsa, Willd. (not Bieb.).

J. Lycia, Pall, (not L.).

Var. humilis, Endl.

Var. procumbens, Pursh. N. America. "Waukegan
Juniper."

Var. prostrata, Loud. " Carpet Juniper."

J. hudsonica, Ludd.

J. prostrata, Pers.

J. repens, Nutt.
Var. tamariscifolia, Ait. " Spanish Savin."
Var. variegata.

J. scopulorum, Sargent Silva xiv. t, 739. W. United
States. " Red Cedar."

J. excelsa, Pursh (not Bieb.).

J. occidentals, Porter (not Hook.).

J. virginiana, Torrey (not Lindl.).

J. virginiana var. montana, Vasey.

J. Bphaerica, Lindl. , Lindl. & Paxt. Flow. Gard. 1850,
58, f . 35. North China.

J. chinensis var. Smithii, Loud.

J. Fortunei, Van Houtte.

Var. glauca, Gord.

J. Shephardi, Hort.

J. Sheppardi, Hort.

J. tetragona, Schlecht. Mountains of Mexico. " Rock
> Cedar."

J. sabinoides, Sargent Silva x. t. 523.

23

Juniperus thurifera, L. ; Veitch Manual ed. 1, 271, f . 60 ;
ed. 2, 192, f . 59. Spain, Portugal, Algiers. " Incense
Juniper."

J. bonatiana, Vis.

J. cinerea, Car v.

J. foetida var. thurifera, Spach.

J. hispanica, Lam.

J. sabinoides, Endl.

J. utahensis, Lemmon ; Sargent Silva x. t. 518. Utah,
Colorado.
J. californica var. utahensis, Engelm.
J. occidentalis, Watson (not Hook.).
J. occidentalis var. utahensis, Kent.

J. virginiana, L. Sargent Silva x. t. 524. North-east
America. " Red Cedar."

Var. argentea.

Var. aureo-spica, Hesse.

Var. aureo-variegata.

Var. bedfordiana, Knight.
J. bedfordiana, Hort.
J. gossainthaneana, Lodd.
J. gracilis, Hort.
J. virginiana gossainthaneana, Carr.

Var. Cannartii.

Var. Chamberlaynii, Carr.

Var. cinerascens, Carr.

Var. clanbrassiliana.

Var. compacta.

Var. elegantissima.

Var. glauca, Carr.

25

Juniperus virginiana — conl.
Var. horizontalis.
Var. humilis.
Var. kostetiana.
Var. pendula, Carr.
Var. pyramidalis glauca.

Var. Schottii, Gordon.

J. virginiana viridis, Hort.

Var. Smithii pendula.

Var. tripartita.

Var. viridis.

Var. viridis pendula.

tf Oxycedrus.

*J. Cedrus, Webh. Mountains of the Canaries.

J. communis, L. ; Beissner Handbuch $134, f. 31 ; • Sar-
gent Silva x. t. 516. Europe, Siberia. " Common
Juniper."

Var. alpina.

J. alpina, S. F. Gray.
J. canadensis, Lodd.
J. nana, Willd.

Var. alpina aurea.
J. canadensis aurea.

Var. aurea.

Var. fastigiata.

J. hibernica, Gord.

J. hispanica, Booth, ex Endl.

J. suecica, Mill.

27

Juniperus communis — cont.
Var. glauca.
Var. hemisphaerica. " Hedgehog Juniper."

J. hemisphaerica, Presl.

J. nana var. hemisphaerica, Carr.

Var. oblonga.

J. oblonga, Bieb.

Var. reflexa.

J. communis var. caucasica.
J. oblonga, Gord.

J. henryana, B. Br. Campst. Gard. Chron. 1873, 8. North-
Western America.

J. litoralis, Maxim. Japan.
J. conferta, Pari.

J. macrocarpa, Sibfh. ; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. xi. t. 537.
Mediterranean Region.

J. Oxycedrus, L. Herb, nee Sp. PI.

J. neaboriensis, Hort.

J. sphaerocarpa, Antoine.

J. umbilicata, Gren. & Godr.

J. Willkommii, Antoine.

J. Oxycedrus, L. ; Rich. Conif. 39, t. [6 ; Kohler Med.-
Pflanz. iii. 79. SouthHEurope, &c.

J. biebersteiniana, C. Koch.

J. rufescens, Link.

J. tenella, Antoine.

J. rigida, Sieb. & Zucc. Flor. Jap. ii. 109, 1. 125. Mountains
of Japan.

J. taxifolia, Hook. & Am. China and Japan.
J. oblonga pendula, Hort.

29

ttt Arceuthos.

Juniperus drupacea, Labill. ; Gard. Chron. 1896, xix. 519,
f. 80 ; Veitch Manual ed. 2, 173, f. 56. Mountains
of the Levant. " Syrian Juniper."

J. rufescens, Hort. Edirib.

Arceuthos drupacea, Antoine.

Sub-tribe II. — Oa llitristae.

*Tetraclinis articulata, Mast. Algiers, Marocco.

Callitris quadrivalvis, Rich. Conif. t. 8, f. 1 ; Loudon
Encycl. 1072, f. 1995 ; Kohler Med.-Pflanz. ii. 1. 129.

Frenela Fontanesii, Mirbel.

Thuya articulata, Vahl.

•Callitris australis, Sweet. Australia.

Frenela australis, R. Br.; Hook. f. Fl. Tasman. t. 97.

*C. calcarata, R. Br. Australia.
Frenela Endlicheri, Pari.

*C. cupressoides, Schrad. S. Africa.

*C. Parlatorei, F. Muell. Australia.
Frenela Parlatorei, F. Muell.

*C. rhomboidea, R. Br. ; Rich. Conifer. 47 t. 18. Australia.
Frenela rhomboidea, Endl.

*C. robusta, R. Br. Australia.
Frenela robusta, A. Gunn.

#Var. verrucosa, Benth. <k F. Muell.
C. verrucosa, R. Br.

31

*Actinostrobus pyramidalis, Miq.\ Hook. IconeB Plantarnm
t. 1275. West Australia.

"Widdringtonia Whytei, Rendle in Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot.
Ser. 2. iv. 60. t. 9. Mountains of Central Africa.
" The Milanji Cypress."

Sub-tribe III.—Thuynae.

*Fitzroya Archeri, Benth. & Hook. f. Tasmania.
Diselma Archeri, Hook. f. Fl. Tasman. t. 98.

*P. patagonica, Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 4616. Mountains of
Western Patagonia, Chili, Valdivia.

Widdringtonia glauca, Hort.

t EuCupressus. — " Ct/2)i'esses."

'Cupressus Benthami, Endl. ; Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xxxi.
341, f. 15. Mountains of Mexico and Guatemala.

C. aromatica, Gord.

C. braziliensis, Hort.

C. Coulteri, Forbes.

C. Ehrenbergii, Kunze.

C. elegans, Hort.

C. excelsa, Scott.

C. Hugeli, Hort.

C. karwinskyana, Regel.

C. lusitanica, Carr. (not Mill.).

C. Skinneri, Hort.

C. thurifera, Schlecht.

C. uhdeana, Hort. (in part).

Var. arizonica.

Cupressus arizonica, Greene.

33

*Cupressus funebris, Endl. ; Gard. Chron. 1850, 439, f. 31.
China.
C. amoena, C. Koch.
C. pendula, Abel (not Thnnb.).

*Var. glauca.

C. kashmiriana, Hort.

C. goveniana, Gord. ; Journ. Hort. Soc. London 1849. iv.
205, f. Sargent Silva x. t. 527. California.

C. calif ornica, Carr.

*C. lusitanica, Mill. ; Veitch Manual ed. 2, 211, f. 60.
Locality unknown. " The Cedar of Goa."

C. glauca, Lam.

C. pendula, UHerit.

C. uhdeana, Gord. (in part).

C. macnabiana, A. Murr. ; Veitch Manual ed. 2, 213, f.
Sargent Silva x. t. 528. Mountains of California.

C. glandulosa, Hook.

C. macrocarpa, Hartiv. ; Veitch Manual ed. 2, 215, ff. 62-3.
Sargent Silva x. t. 525. California, near the coast.
" Monterey Cypress."

C. Hartwegii, Carr.

C. lambertiana, Gord.

Var. Crippsii.

Var. fastigiata.

Var. guadeloupeusis.

Cupressus guadeloupeusis, S. Wats.

Var. lutea.

C. pygmaea, Sargent, Silva xiv. t. 7-10 ; California.
C. goveniana var. pygmaea. Lemmon.
C. goveniana, Sargent (partly).
13614 13

Cupressus sempervirens, L. ; Beissner Handbuch 101, f . 26 \
Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. xi. t. 534. Levant.

C. horizontalis, Mill.

C. patula, Spad.

C. sempervirens var. horizontalis, Oord.

C. Tournefortii, Audib.

Var. fastigiata.
C. ambigua, Hort.
C. bedfordiana, Hort.
C. conoidea, Spad.
C. fastigiata, DC.
C. pyramidalis, Targ. Tozz.

Var. flagelliformis.

Var. globulifera.

Var. indica, Boyle.
C. australis, Low.
C. doniana, Hort.
C. Roylei, Carr.
C. whitleyana, Hort.

Var. retrofracta.

Var. thuiaefolia.

C. torulosa, D. Don. ; Veitch Manual ed. 2, 233, f. 71 ;
Lawson Pinet. Brit. ii. t. 35. W. Himalaya.
" Tufted Cypress."

C. Tournefortii, Tenore (not Audib.).

•Var. corneyana. Locality unknown.
C. corneyana, Gord.

Var. majestica.
13614 » 2

37

ttCHAMAECYPARIS.

Cupressus lawsoniana, A. Murr. Sargent Silva x. t. 531 ;
Bot. Mag. t. 558 L. North California, Oregon. " The
Lawson Cypress.1'

Chamaecyparis Boursieri, Garr.

C. lawsoniana, Pari. ; Beissner Handbuch 72, f. 17

The varieties, which are very numerous, admit of a
rough classification according to their most conspicuous
characters. Many of them lose their peculiar form as
they increase in age ; they also vary in their decree of
hardiness.

Variatious in Colour of Folinge.

Var. albo-maculata.

Var. albo-picta.

Var. albo-spica.

Var. albo-variegata.

Var. argentea.

Var. argenteo-variegata.

Var. aurea.

Var. aurea nova.

Var. aureo-variegata.

Var. beissneriana, P. Smith.

Var glauca.

Var. glauca pendula.

Var. gracilis.

Var. gracilis aurea.

Var. lutea.

39

Cupressus lawsoniana — cont.
Var. ochroleuca.
Var. Rosenthali.
Var. Silver Queen.
Var versicolor.
Var. Westermanni.

Variations in Form and Habit.

1. — Columnar or fasti giate.

Var. Allumi.

Cupressus lawsoniana var. Fraseri.

Var. contorta.

Var. erecta filiformis.

Var. erecta viridis.

Var. erecta viridis argentea.

Var. ericoides.

Var. Wisselii.

2. — Spreading.
Var. ainabilis.
Var. Bowleri.
Var. californica.
Var. darleyensis.
Var. fragrans.
Var. fragrans argentea.
Var. inter texta.
Var. juniperina.

41

Cupressus lawsoniana — cont.
Var. Krameri.
Var. lycopodioides.
Var. patula.
Var. Smithii.
Var. Youngi.

3. — Pendulous.

Var. glauca pendula.
Var. gracilis gracillima.
Var. gracilis pendula.
Var. pendula vera.

4. — Globose, dwarf varieties.

Var. compacta.
Var. minima glauca.
Var. nana.
Var. Shawii.

C. nootkatensis, Lamb. Sargent Silva x. t. 530. Oregon,
British Columbia. " Yellow Cypress."

Chamaecyparis nutkaensis,*S)?acft ; BeissnerHandbuch
81, f. 19.

Thuiopsis borealis, Hort.
T. troubetskoyana, Hort.
T. Tschugatskoyii, Hort.

Var. albo-variegata.
Var. argenteo-variegata.
Var. aureo-variegata.

43

Cupressus nootkatensis — cont.
Var. aureo-viridis
Var. compacta.
Var. glauca.
Var. gracilis.
Var. lutea.

Var. nidifica, Rovelli.
Var. pendula.
Var. variegata.

C. obtusa, C. Koch-, Veitch Manual ed. 2, 220, f. 64

Mountains of Japan.

Charnaecyparis obtusa, Sieb. A Zacc.

Retinispora obtusa, Sieb. Ac Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii. t. 121.

Var. pygmaea.

Thuya obtusa var. pygmaea, Hort.
Chamaecyparis obtusa var. pygmaea, Hort.

Stages of growth and varieties of C. obtwa all known as
Retinisporas (often spelt Retinospora) in gardens.

Var. aurea.

Var. compacta.

Var. erecta viridis:

Var. filicoides; Veitch Manual ed. 2, 221, f. 65.
Retinispora nobleana, Hort.

Var. gracilis.

Var. gracilis aurea.

Var. Keteleeri.

Var. lycopodioides.

Var. magnifica.

45

Cupressus obtusa — rant.
Var. nana.
Var. nana aurea.
Var. nana gracilis.
Var. tetragona aurea.
Var. variegata.

C. pisifera, C. Koch. Mountains of Japan.

Chamaecyparis pisifera, Sieb. & Zucc ; Veitch Manual
ed. 2, 224, f. 67 ; Beissner Handbuch 84, f. 20.

Retinispora pisifera, Sieb. dt Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii. t. 122.

Stages of growth and varieties of C. pisifera. all called
Retinispora in gardens.

Var. albo picta.

Var. darleyensis.

Var. filifera, Mast. ; Veitch Manual ed. 2, 225, f. 68.

Retinispora filifera, Gordon.
Var. filifera aurea.
Var. filifera variegata.
Var. plumosa.
Var. plumosa argentea.
Var. plumosa aurea.
Var. plumosa flavescens.

Retinispora plumosa sulphurea.
Var. squarrosa. Veitch Manual ed. 2, 226, f. 69.
Var. squarrosa sulphurea.

C. thyoides, L. Sargent Silva x. t. 529. East United States.
" White Cedar."

Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea, Spach ; Beissner Hand-
buch p. 66, f. 13.

Retinispora ericoides, Gord. (not Veitch).

47

Cupressus thyoides — cont.
Var. atrovirens.
Var. glauca.
Var. Hoveii.
Var. kewensis.
Var. leptoclada, Mast.
Chamaecyparis thyoides var. andeleyensie, Carr.

Var. leptoclada nana.
Var. variegata.
Var. viridis.

f Euthuya. -" Arborvitae."

Thuya occidentalis, L. ; Beissner Handbuch 34, f. 4. Sar-
gent Silva x. t. 532. Canada and North-Eastern
States of North America to mountains of North
Carolina. " The American Arborvitae."

T. obtusa, Moench.

T. odorata, Marsh.

T. sibirica, Hort.

Cupressus Arbor- vitae, Targ. Tozz.

Variations in Colour of Foliage.

Var. aurea.

Var. Buchanani.

Var. ellwangeriana aurea.

Var. lutea.

Var. pulverulenta.

Var. Riversii.

40

Thuya occidentalis — cont.
Var. vervaeneana.
T. aurescens.

Var. Wagneri, Froebel.

T. columnaris.

T. Versmanni.
Var. wareana.

T. caucasica, Hort.

Var. wareana lutescens, Hesse.
Var. Waxen, Spaeth.

Variations in Form and Habit.

Var. Bodmeri.

Var. caucasica, Hort.

Var. cristata.

Var. densa.

Var. Dicksoni.

Var. dorkinensis.

Var. Douglasi.

Var. ellwangeriana.

Retinispora ellwangeriana, Hort.
R. "Tom Thumb" Hort.

Var. erecta.

Var. erecta viridis.

Var. ericoides

Retinispora ilubia, Hort.

Var. flabellata.

Var. globosa.

51

Thuya occidentalis — cont.

Var. globosa compacta.

Var. Hovei.

Var. pendula.

Var. Spaethii, R. Smith.

T. Ohlendorfi, Hart.

T. tetragona, Hort.

It is possible that some of these forms may belong to
T. plicata, D. Don, whilst some of those allotted to the
latter may be forms of T. occidentalis.

ft MACROTHUTA.

T. japonica, Maxim; Gard. Chron. 1897, xxi. 259, f. 87.
Japan.

Thuya gigantea var. japonica, Franch. d Sav.

T. Standishii, Garr.

Thuyopsis Standishii, Oord.

T. plicata, D. Don ; Masters in Gard. Chron. 1897, xxi.

101, 213, 258, (not of gardens). North West
America. " Red " or " Canoe Cedar."

T. gigar.tea, Nutt. ; Beissner Handbuch 48 f. 7 ;
Veitch Manual ed. 2, 240, f. 72.

T. craigiana, Hort.

T. Lobbi, Hort.

T. Menziesii, Carr.

Var. atrovireiis.

Var. aurea.

Var. compacta.

Var. fastigiata.

Var. gracilis.

r>:'>

Thuya plicata — cont.
Var. pendula.
Var. pumila.
Var. pyramidalis.
Var. recurva nana.
Var. recur vata.
Var. semperaurescens.
Var. umbraculifera.
Var. zebrina.

tft Thtjyopsis.

T. dolabrata, L.f. ; Gard. Chron. 1882, xviii. 556, f. 95.
Mountains of Japan.

Thirropsis dolabrata, Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii. tt.
119, 120 ; Beissner Handbuch 53, f. 9.

Platycladus dolabrata, Spach.
Var. nana, Sieb. <fc Zucc.

Thuyopsis laetevirens, Lindl.
Var. variegata.

tttt Biota.

T. orientalis, L. ; Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii. t. 118. North
China and Japan. " Chinese Arborvitae."

T. acuta, Moench.

Biota orientalis, Endl. ; Beissner Handbuch 55, f. 10.
Cupressus Thuya, Targ. Tozz.
Platycladus stricta, Spach.
Var. argenteo-variegata.

Biota orientalis var. argentea, Gord.

5b

Thuya orientalis — cont.

B. orientalis var. variegata, Endl.
Thuya argentea, Hort.
T. variegata, Hort.

Var. athrotaxoides.

Var. aurea.

Biota orientalis aurea nana, Hort.

Thuya aurea, Hort.

T. nana aurea, Hort.

T. nana compacta aurea, Hort.

Var. aureo-variegata.

Biota orientalis var. variegata, Oord.
Thuya orientalis aureo-variegata, Hort.
T. variegata, Hort.

Var. compacta.

Biota japonica, Sieb.

B. orientalis var. nana, Carr.

B. orientalis var. Sieboldi, Endl.

B. zuccariniana, Sieb.

Thuya compacta, Hort.

T. nana, Hort.

T. zuccariniana, Hort.

Var. decu88ata.

Biota orientalis var. decussata, Beissn. A Hochst.

Chamaecyparis decussata, Hort.

Frenela glauca, Hort. (not Mirbel).

Juniperus glauca, Hort.

Retinispora flavescens, Hort.

R. juniperoides, Carr.

R. rigida, Carr.

R. squarrosa, Hort. (not Zucc.).

57

Thuya orientalis — cont.
Var. densa.
Biota orientalis densa glauca Bort.

Var. elegantissima.

Biota elegantissima, Hurt.

Var. ericoides.

Retinispora ericoides, Hart.

Var. falcata.

Var. falcata nana.

Var. falcata nova.

Var. freneloides.

Var. Froebeli.

Var. funiculata.

Var. glauca.

Var. globosa.

Var. gracilis.
Thuya freneloides, Hart
T. japonica, Horl.
T. nepalensis, Hurt.

Var. Hoveyii.

Var. incurvata.

Var. intermedia.
Biota orientalis var. intermedia. Carr
B. intermedia, Horl.
B. pendula, Endl. var.
Thuya intermedia, Hort.

59

Thuya orientalis — cunt.

Var. meldensis.
Biota meldensis, Gord.
Retinispora meldensis, Hort.
Thuya hybrida, Hort.
T. meldensis, Hort.
T. orientalis meldensis, Hort.

Var. minima.
Biota orientalis minima glauca, Hort.

Var. nepalensis.

Var. pendula.

Biota orientalis var. pendula, Pari.

B. pendula, Endl.

B. pendula var. recurvata, Gord.
Cupressus filiformis, Hort.

C. patula, Pers.

C. pendula, Thunb.

C. pendulata, Hort.

Thuya Douglasii pendula, Hort.

T. filiformis, Lodd.

T. flagelliformis, Hort.

T. orientalis var. flagelliformis, Jacques.

T. pendula, Lamb.

Var. pyramidalis, Endl.

Biota orientalis var. expansa, Endl.

B. orientalis var. tatarica, Endl.

B. tatarica, Lindl.

Thuya australis, Hort.

T. orientalis cupressoides, Hort.

6]

Thuya orientalis — cunt.

T. orientalis var. stricta, Loud.
T. orientalis var. tatarica, Loud.
T. pyramidalis, Tenure.
T. tatarica, Forbes.

Var. semperaurescens.

Biota orientalis semperaurea, Hurt.

*Libocedrus chilensis, Endl. ; Gard. Chron. 1850, 439, f. ;
Rev. Hort, 1807, 410. f. 37. Chilian Andes.

Thuya chilensis, D. Don ; Hook. London Journal of
Botany ii., 199, t. 4.

L. decurrens, Torr. ; Veitch Manual ed. 2, 252, f. 73 ;
Beissner Handbuch 28, f . 2 ; Sargent Silva x. t. 534.
Oregon to South California on mouutains near the
sea " Incense Cedar."

Heyderia decurrens, C. Koch.

Thuya craigiana, .4. Murr.

T. gigantea, Hort.

Var. compacta.

Var. glauca.

Var. nana.

Var. variegata.

*L. doniana, Endl. ; Kirk Forest Flora of New Zealand,
tt. 82, 83. New Zealand.

*L. macrolepis, Benth. & Hook. Yunnan.

Calocedrus macrolepis, Kurz in Journ. Bot. 1873, 196.
t. 133, f. 3.

Tribe II.— Taxodinae.

Sciadopitys verticillata, Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii. t. 101 ;
Veitch Manual 202, ff. 46, 47 ; ed. 2, 288, f. 87.
Japan. « The Umbrella Pine."

63

•Athrotaxis cupressoides, D. Don ; Gard. Chron. 1885,
xxiv. 273, f. 60 ; Veitch Manual ed. 2, 259, f. 75.
Tasmania.

•A. laxifolia, Rook. ; Gard. Chron. 1885, xxiv. 584, f. 134.
Tasmania.

Athrotaxis doniana, Hort.

•A. selaginoides, D. Don. ; Gard. Chron. 1888, iv. 541. f . 79 ;
Veitch Manual ed. 2, 262, f. 78. Tasmania.

A. gunniana, Hort.

Sequoia gigantea, Torr. ; Beissner Handbuch 163, f. 41.
California. " Wellingtonia," •' Mammoth Tree."

Sequoia Wellingtonia, Seem. ; Veitch Manual ed.;|2,
276, f. 85 ; Sargent Silva x. t. 536.

Taxodium washingtonianum, Winsl.

Washingtonia californica, Winsl.

Wellingtonia gigantea, Lindl. ; Veitch Manual 205,
f. 48 ; Bot Mag. tt. 4777, 4778.

Var. aurea.

Var. pendula.

S. sempervirens, Endl. ; Beissner Handbuch 158, f. 39 ;
Sargent Silva x. t. 535. California. "Red wood." g

Schubertia sempervirens, Spach.

Tux odium sempervirens, Lamb.
Var. albo-spica.
Var. gracilis.

•Glyptostrobus heterophyllus, Endl. China. "Chinese
Water Pine."

Taxodium heterophyllum, Brongn.

65

Cryptomeria japonica, D. Don ; Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii.
tt. 124, 124b ; Beissner Handbuch 142, f. 337.
Mountains of Japan and China. "Japanese Cedar."

C. Fortunei, Otto & Dietr.

Cupressus japonica, L. f.

Taxodium japonicum. Brongn.

Var. araucarioides.

Var. elegans, Veitch Manual ed. 1, 218, f. 51 ; ed. 2, 265,
ff. 80-1.
Cryptomeria Veitchii, Hort.

Var. elegans nana.

Var. Lobbi. Veitch Manual ed. 2, 266 f.

Var. Lobbi nana.

Var. pungens.

Var. spiralis.

Taxodium distichum, Rich. ; Veitch Manual ed. 2, 282, f. ;
Beissner Handbuch 151, f. 38 ; Sargent Silva x.
t. 537. Southern United States. " The Deciduous
Cypress."

Cupressus disticha, L.

Taxodium microphyllum, Brongn.

Var. pendulum.

Glyptostrobus pendulus, Endl. : Bot. Mag. t. 5603.
Taxodium sinense, Gord.

*T. mucronatum, Ten. Mexico.

Tribe III.— Araucarineae.

Cunninghamia sinensis, R. Br. ; Bot. Mag. t. 2743 ; Beissner
Handbuch 197, f . 49. South China.

Belis jaculi flora, Salisb.

Pinus lanceolata, Lamb.

13611 C

67

•Agathis australis, Salisb. ; Kirk Forest Flora of New
Zealand tt. 79-81. New Zealand. "The Kauri
Pine."

Dammara australis, Lamb. ; Gard. Chron. 1883, xx. 525,
f. 86.

*A. loranthifolia, Salisb. ; Vidal Fl. Forest. Filip. t. 98a.
Malaya.

*A. Moorei, Mast. New Caledonia.

Dammara Moorii, Lindl. Journ. Hort. Soc. 1851.

*A. obtusa, Mast. ; Gard. Chron. 1897, xxi. 301, f. 103.
New Hebrides.

Dammara obtusa, Lindl.

*A. robusta, Mast. ; Queensl. Agric. Journ. ii. 1. 10. N.E.
Australia.

Dammara robusta, C. Moore.

*A. vitiensis, Mast. Fiji.

Dammara vitiensis, Seem. Fl. Vit. t. 76.

*Araucaria Balansae, Brongn. <k Gris. ; 111. Hort. 1894,
xxi. t. 197. New Caledonia.

A. elegans, Hort. Bull.

*A. Bidwillii, Hook, ; Gard. Chron. 1873, 361, f. 73.
Queensland. " The Bunya-Bunya."

*A. brasiliana, Rich. ; Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii. t. 138.
Mountains of S. Brazil.

A. brasiliensis, Loud. ; Gard. Chron. 1887, i. 680, f . 132.

*A. Cookii, R. Br. ; Gard. Chron. 1901, xxx. 387, f. 117.
New Caledonia.

A. columnaris, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4635.

*A. Cunninghamii, Ait. ; Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii. t. 139.
Queensland. " The Moreton Bay Pine."

136U C 2

69

Araucaria Cunninghamii — cont.

*Var. glauca. Gard. Ohron. 1888, iii. 685, f. 90.
A glauca, Antoine.

*A. excelsa, R. Br. ; Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii. t. 140 ;
Flore des Serres tt. 2304, 2305. Norfolk Island.
" Norfolk Island Pine."

*Var. albo-spica.

*Var. goldieana, New Caledonia.

A. goldieana, T. Moore Florist and Pomologist 1877,
39 f.

*Var. Muelleri.

A. Muelleri, Hort. (not Brongn. & Gris.) ; Illustr.
Hortic. xxix. t. 449.

A. imbricata, Pav. ; Flore des Serres tt. 1577-1580 ;
Veitch Manual ed. 2, 297, figs. 89, 90. Mountains
of Southern Chili. " Chili Pine."

Var. aurea.

*A. Rulei, F. Muell, ; Gard. Chron. 1861, 868 ; Brongn. &
Gris. Descr. Plantes Remarquables Nouv. Caled.
t. 16. New Caledonia.

A. Niepratschki, Hort. Lemoine.

Tribe IV.— Abietineae.

Sub-tribe I.—PlCEAE.

*Tsuga brunoniana, Garr. ; Gard. Chron. 1886, xxvi. 501,
f. 101. East and Central Himalayas. " Indian
Hemlock Fir."

Abies brunoniana, Lhidl.

A. dumosa, Loud.

Pinus brunoniana, Wall.

P. dumosa, D. Don.

71

Tsuga canadensis, Garr. ; Sargent Silva xii. t. 603.
Beissner Handbuch 401, f. 709. N.E. America.
" The Hemlock Spruce."

Abies americana, Marsh.

A. canadensis, Miclix. ; Veitch Manual 114 f. 29.

A. curvifolia, Salisb.

Picea canadensis, Link.

Pinus americana, Duroi.

P. canadensis. L.

Var. argentea.

T. canadensis var. albo-spica.

Var. macrophylla.
Var. milfordiensis.
Var. parvifolia.
Var. pendula.
Var. pendula argentea.
Var. Sargentii pendula.
Var. variegata.

T. caroliniana, Engelm. ; Sargent Silva xii. t. 604 ; Gard.
Chron. 1886, xxvi. 780, f. 153 ; Beissner Handbuch
406, f. Ill; Veitch Manual ed. 2, 466, f. 116.
Southern Alleghanies.

Abies caroliniana, Ghapm.

T. mertensiana, Carr. N. W. America.

T. albertiana, Veitch Manual ed. 2, 460 f.

T. heterophylla, Sargent Silva xii. t. 605.

Abies albertiana, A. Murr.

A. Bridgesii, Kellogg.

A. mertensiana, Lindl. & Gord.

73

Tsuga mertensiana — cunt.

A pattoniana, McNab. (not Pari.).
Pinus canadensis, Bong.
P. mertensiana, Bong.

T. pattoniana, Engelm. Mountains of California.

T. mertensiana, Sargent Silva xii. t. 606 (not Carr.) ;
Veitch Manual ed. 2, 469, f. 117.

Abies pattoniana, Jeffrey ; Veitch Manual H6,ff. 30,31 ;
Beissner Handbuch 409, f. 113.

A. Williamsoni, Newb.

Hesperopeuke pattoniana, Lemmon.

Pinus pattoniana, Pari.

Var. glauca.

Abies hookeriana, A. Murr.

T. Sieboldi, Carr.; Veitch Manual ed. 2, 473, f. 118;
Beissner Handbuch 395, f. 106. Japan. " Japanese
Hemlock Spruce."

Abies Araragi, Loud.

A. Tsuga, Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii. t. 106 ; Veitch
Manual 118 ff. 33, 34.

Pinus Araragi, Sieb.

P. Tsuga, Antoine.

Tsuga diversifolia, Maxim.

Tsuja Tsuja, A. Murr.

Var. nana.

t Eupicea.— "Spruce Firs.,,

Picea aiba, Link. ; Beissner Handbuch 341, f. 96. North
Eastern America, British Columbia. " White
Spruce."

P. canadensis, B. S. &; P. ; Sargent Silva xii. t. 598.

75

Picea alba — cont.

P. caerulea, Link.

P. nigra var. glauca, Carr.

Abies alba, Michx.

A. alba var. caerulea, Carr.

A. arctica, Seem.

A. caerulea, Forbes.

A canadensis, Mill.

A. laxa, C. Koch.

A. rubra var. caerulea, Loud.

Pinus alba, Lamb.

P. canadensis, Duroi (not L.).

P. glauca, Moench.

P. laxa, Ehrh.

P. rubra var. violacea, Endl.
Var. aurea.
Var. caerulea.
Var. caerulea Hendersoni.
Var. compacta.
Var. echiniformis, Carr.
Var. monstrosa.
Var. nivalis.

P. alcockiana, Carr. ; Gard. Chron. 1880, xiii. 212, f. 43 ;
Beissner Handbuch 379, f. 101. Japan.

Abies acicularis, Hort.

A. alcockiana, Veitch.

A. excelsa acicularis, Hort.

Pinus alcockiana, Pari.

77

Picea bicolor, Mayr. Monog. Abiet. p. 49, t. 3. Japan.
Abies alcockiana (in part).
Abies bicolor, Maxim (partly).
Picea alcockiana (in part).

P. breweriana. S. Wats. ; Sargent Silva xii. t. 601 ; Gard.
Chron. 1886, xxv. 498, f. 93. Siskiyou Mountains,
N. California. " Weeping Spruce "

P. Engelmanni, Engelm. ; Sargent Silva xii. t. 599 ;
Beissner Handbuch 344, f. 97. British Columbia,
Oregon to Arizona.

Abies alba, Torr.

A. Engelmanni, Parry.

A nigra, Engelm.

Pinus commutata, Pari.

P. Engelmanni, Engelm.

Var. glauca.
P. ericoides, Hort. A variety of uncertain origin.

P. excelsa, Link. ; Kohler Med.-Pflanz. i. t. 8 ; Beissner
Handbuch 353, f. 99. Mountains of Northern and
Central Europe. ' The common Spruce."

Abies excelsa, DC.

A. Picea, Mill.

A. rubra. Banhin.

Picea vulgaris, Link.

Pinus Abies, L.

P. excelsa, Lam. (not Wall.).

79

Picea excelsa — cont.

The varieties are extremely numerous and may be
classified into —

1, Dwarf Varieties.
Yar. clanbrassiliana.
Yar. clanbrassiliana elegans.
Yar. compacta.
Yar. diffusa.
Yar. dumosa.
Yar. globosa nana.
Yar. gregoryana.
Yar. Maxwelli.
Yar. microsperma.
Yar. pygmaea.
Yar. pygmaea glauca.
Yar. Remonti.
Yar. repens.

2. Pendulous and "jSnake-branched " Varieties.
Yar. Cranstoni.
Var. denudata.

Yar. inverta. Gard. Chron. 190J, xxix. 263, f. 98.
Yar. monstrosa.
Yar. pendula.

3. Colour Varieties.
Yar. argenteo-spica.
Var. aurea.

81

Picea excelsa — cont.

4. Varieties showing other Differences in Leaf and Habit.

Var. attenuata.

Var. cincinnata, Hesse.

Var. Dicksoni.

Var. eremita.

Var. gigantea.

Var. laxa.

Var. mucronata.

Var. pinsapoides.

Var. pyramidalis.

Var. stricta.

Var. tenuifolia.

P. Glehni, Mast. Gard. Chron. 1880, xiii. 300, f. 54. Island
of Sachalin.

Abies Giehni, F. Schmidt.

P. Maximowiczii, Regel. ; Gard. Chron. 1880, xiii. 363, f. 64.
Japan.

Abies Maximowiczii, Hart.

P. Morinda, Link; Gard. Chron. 1885, xxiv. 383, f. 85.
Himalaya.

P. smithiana, Boiss. ; Veitch Manual ed. 2, 456, f. 112.

Abies Khutrow, Loud.

A. smithiana. Forbes.

Pinus Khutrow, Royle.

P. smithiana, Lamb.

P. nigra, Link ; Beissner Handbuch 334, f. 94. North
Eastern America. " Black Spruce."

P. mariana, B. S. & P. ; Sargent Silva xii. t. 5%.

83

Picea nigra — cont.

Abies alba, Ghapm.

A. americana, G. Koch.

A. arctica, Hort. (not Seem.).

A. denticulata, Michx.

A. Mariana, Mill.

A. marylandica, Hort.

A. nigra, Po-iV.

Pinus Mariana, Duroi.

P. nigra, ^4iY.
Var. aureo-marginata.
Var. Doumetti.
Var. pumila.

P. obovata, Ledeb. Ic. PI. Ross. t. 499. N.E. Europe and
N. Asia.
Abies obovata, Loud.

Var. japonica, Maxim.

Var. schrenkiana, Carr.

Abies schrenkiana, Lindl. & Gord.
Picea schrenkiana, Fisch. & Mey.

P. orientalis. Carr. ; Gard. Chron. 1886, xxv. 333, f . 62 ;

Veitch Manual ed. 2, 444, f . 109. Mountains of the

Taurus and Caucasus.
Abies orientalis, Poir.
A. wittmanniana, Hort.
Pinus orientalis, L.

Var. aurea.

Var. nana.

Var. pygmaea, Ohlend.

85

Picea polita, Carr.\ Veitch Manual ed. 2, 447, f. 110;
Beissner Handbuch 380, f. 102 ; Gard. Chron. 1880,
xiii. 233, f. 44. Mountains of Japan.

Abies Torano, Sieb.

A. polita, Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii. t. 111.

P. pungens, Engelm. Utab and California.
Picea commutata, Hort. aliq.
P. Engelmanni, Hort. (not Engelm.).
P. Menziesii, Hort. (not Carr.).
P. parryana, Sargent Silva xii. t. GOO.
Abies Engelmanni, Hort. (not Parry).
A. Menziesii, Engelm. (in part).
A. Parlatorei, Hort.
Var. diversifolia.

Var. glauca. Veitch Manual ed. 2,449, f. 113. ".Blue
Spruce."

P. annesleyana, Hort.

P. parryana glauca, Hort.

P. pungens argentea, Hort.

P. Sargentii, Hort.

Var. kosteriana.

P. rubra, Link. ; Beissner Handbucb 339, f . 95.
Picea nigra var. rubra, Engelm.
P. rubens, Sargent Silva xii. t. 597.
Abies nigra var. rubra, Michx.
A. rubra, Poir.

A. rubra var. arctica, Lindl. & Gord.
Pinus americana, Gaerln.

87

Picea rubra — cont.

P. americana var. rubra, Wangenh.
P rubra, Lamb.
Var. monstrosa.

ft Omorica .— " Flat-leaved Spruce Firs.'1

P. ajanensis, Fisch. ; Bot. Mag. t. 6743 ; Beissner Hand-
buch 386, f. 104. Amoor, Japan.

Abies ajanensis, Kent.

A. alcockiana, Hort. (in part).

A. sitchensis, C. Koch (not Bong.).

Picea Menziesii, Pari.

Tsuga ajanensis, Reg el.

Var. microsperma.

P. ajanensis var. japonica.

P. jezoensis, Maxim, (not Sieb.).

P. hondoensis, Mayr. Monogr. Abiet. Japan t. 4. Japan.

P. Omorica, Mast. ; Gard. Chron. 1884, xxi. 308, f . 58 ;
Beissner Handbuch 383, f. 103. Servia, Bosnia.
" Servian Spruce."

Pinus Omorika, Pane.

P. sitchensis, Trautv. & Mey. ; Sargent Silva xii. t. 602 ;
Beissner Handbuch, 391, f . 105 ; Gard. Chron. 1886,
xxv. 728, f. 161. N.W. America. " Sitka Spruce."

Picea Menziesii, Carr.

P. sitkaensis, Mayr.

Abies Menziesii, Loud.

A. sitchensis, Lindl. & Gord.

Pinus Menziesii, Dougl.

P. sitchensis, Bong.

8<J

Sub- tribe II. — La rice a e.

Cedars.

Cedrus atlantica, Manetti. ; Gard. Chron. 1891, x. 425, f.
53 ; Gard. & For. 1896, 417. North Africa. "The
Atlas Cedar."

C. africana, Gord.

Abies atlantica, Lindl. & Gord.

Pinus Cedrus var. atlantica, Pari.

Var. aurea.

Var. fastigiata, Carr.

Var. glauca.

Var. pendula.

C. Deodara, Loud. ; Gard. Chron. 1891, x. 423, f. 52.
Himalaya. " The Deodar."

Cedrus indica, Chambr.

C. Libani var. Deodora, Hook. f.

Abies Deodara, Lindl.

Larix Deodara, C. Koch.

Pinus Deodara, Roxb.

Var. albo-spica.

Var. crassifolia.

Var. erecta.

Var. pendula.

Var. robusta.

Var. variegata.

Var. verticillata.

Var. viridis.

Var. Youngi.

91

Cedrus Libani, Loud. ; Gard.^Chron. 1878, ix. f. 113 ; 188G,
xxvi.521,f.l02 ; 553, f. 109 ; Beissner Handbuch 299,
f. 74. Syrian Mountains. " Cedar of Lebanon."

C. patula, C. Koch.

Abies Cedrus, Poir.

Larix Cedrus, Mill.

L. patula, Salisb.

Pinus Cedrus, L.

Var. brevifolia, Hook. f. ; Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 517.
Cyprus.

Var. pendula.
Var. pyramidalis.

Larches.

Larix davurica, Trautv. Siberia.

L. dahurica, Turcz. ; Beissner Handbuch 329. f . 90.

L. europaea, DC. ; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. xi. t. 531.
European Alps. " The Larch."

L. decidua, Mill. (1759).

L. excelsa, Link.

L. pyramidalis, Salisb. (1805).

L. vulgaris, Fisch.

Abies Larix, Lam.

Pinus Larix, L.

Var. glauca pendula.

Var. pendula, Loud. ; Veitch Manual ed. 2, 392, f. 99.

Var. pendulina, Eegel ; Beissner Handbuch 325, f . 89.

Var. rossica, Eegel ; Beissner Handbuch 325, f . 88.

Var. sibirica, Beissner Handbuch 324, f . 87. " Siberian
Larch."

L. archangelica, Hort.

L. sibirica, Ledeb.

93

Larix Griffithii, Hook./. ; Gard. Chron. 1886, xxv. 718, f . 157 ;
Veitch Manual ed. 2, 396, f. 101. Beissner
Handbuch, 317, f. 82. Eastern Himalaya.

Abies griffithiana, Lindl. & Gord.

Pinus Griffithii, Pari.

L. leptolepis, Endl. ; Beissner Handbuch 318, f. 83 ; Gard.
Chron. 1883, xix. 88, f. 13 ; Veitch Manual ed. 2,
398, f. 102. Japan.

L. japonica, Carr.

Abies leptolepis, Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii. t. 105.

Pinus leptolepis, Endl.

Var. murrayana.

Var. pendula.

L. occidentalis, Nutt.\ Sargent Silva xii. t. 591, Veitch
Manual ed. 2, 401, f. 104. North- Western America.
Pinus Nuttallii, Pari.

L. pendula, Salisb. (1805). North-Eastern America.
" Tamarack," " Black Larch."

Larix americana, Michx. (1813) ; Sargent Silva xii.
t. 593.

L. americana var. rubra, Loud.

L. microcarpa, Forbes.

Abies microcarpa, Lindl. & Gord.

A. pendula, Lindl. & Gord.

Pinus laricina, Duroi.

P. microcarpa, Lamb.

P. pendula, Ait.

Pseudolarix Kaempferi, Gord. ; Flore des Serres t. 1777 ;
Gard Chron. 1884, xxi. 584, f. 113 ; 1884, xxii. 238,
f. 48. China. " The Golden Larch."

P. Fortunei, Mayr.

Abies Kaempferi, Lindl.

95

Pseudolarix Kaempferi — cont.

Laricopsis Kaempferi, Kent. ; Veitch Manual ed. 2,
404, ff. 105-6.

Larix Kaempferi, Carr.

Pinus Kaempferi, Lamb.

Sub-tribe III. — sapineae.

•Keteleeria davidiana, Franch. ; Beissner Handbuch 425,
f. 117 ; Gard. Chron. 1903, xxxiii. 85, figs. 37, 38.
China.
Pseudotsuga davidiana, C. E. Bertr.

*K. Fortunei, Carr.; Rev. Hort. 1887, 207, ff. 42-5;
Beissner Handbuch 422, f. 116 ; Gard. Chron. 1889,
vi. 688, f. 95 (leaf structure). China.

Abies Fortunei, A. Murr. ; Gard. Chron. 1884, xxi.
348, ff. 64-7 ; 1886, xxv. 428, ff. 82-3.

A. jezoensis, Lindl. (not Sieb.).

Abietia Fortunei, Kent.

Picea Fortunei, A. Murr.

Pinus Fortunei, Pari.

*K. sacra, Beissn. China.

Abies sacra, Franch. ; Nouv. Arch. Mus. eer. 2, vii.
t. 14.

Silver Firs.

Abies amabilis, Forbes ; Sargent Silva xii. t. 614 ; Gard.
Chron. 1880, ff. 136-141 ; Beissner Handbuch 469,
f . 128 ; Veitch Manual ed. 2, 491, ff. 126-9, British
Columbia to Oregon.

Abies grandis, A. Murr. (not Lindl.).

A. grandis var. densiflora, Engelm.

Picea amabilis, Loud.

Pinus amabilis, Dougl.

P. grandis, Lamb, (not Dough).

97

Abies balsamea, Mill.; Sargent Silva xii. t. 610; Gard.
Chron. 1895, xvii. -423, 425, 431, ff. 57, 58, 60.
N.E. America. " Balm of Gilead " or " Balsam Fir."

Abies balsamifera, Mich.r.

Picea balsamea, Loud.

Pinus balsamea, L.

Var. hudsonica, Sargent. "Dwarf Balsam Fir"

Var. variegata, Beissn.

A. brachyphylla, Maxim.; Gard. Chron. 1879, xii. 556, f.
92 ; Bot. Mag. t. 7114. Japan.

Abies umbilicata, Hort. (not Mayr.)

A. Veitchii (of some gardens).

Picea brachyphylla, Gord.

P. pinnosa, Hort.

P. Veitchii (of some gardens).

Pinus brachyphylla, Pari.

A. bracteata, Nutt. ; Bot. Mag. t. 4740 ; Gard. Chron. 1889.
v. 242, f . 44. Santa Lucia Mts., California. " Santa
Lucia Fir "

A. venusta, C. Koch ; Sargent Silva xii. tt. 615, 616.

Picea bracteata, Loud. ; Garden 1889, xxxv. 12, f .

Pinus bracteata, D. Don.

P. venusta, Dougl.

A. cephalonica, Loud. ; Gard. Chron. 1884, xxii. 592, f . 105 ;
Mouillefert Arbres tt. 133, xxvi. ter. Mountains of
Greece.

A. Apollinis, Link

A. panachaica, Heldr.

A. Reginae-Amaliae, Heldr.

Picea cephalonica, Loud.

Pinus Abies var. cephalonica, Pari.

13614 D

99

Abies cilicica, Carr. Flore des Serres t. 1108 bis;
Beissner Handbuch 449, f. 122. Cilician Taurus.

A. Tschugatskoi, Gord.

Pinus cilicica, Pari.

A. concolor, Lindl. & Gord. ; Sargent Silva xii. t. 613 ;
Gard. Chron. 1890, viii. 748, ff. 147-8; Veitch
Manual ed. 2, 502, f. 129 ; Beissner Handbuch 472,
f. 130. Colorado, Utah, Arizona.

Picea concolor, A. Murr.

P. lasiocarpa, Balfour (not Hook.).

Pinus concolor, Pari.

Var. argentea Wallezi.

Var. pendula.

Var. violacea.
A. concolor var. violacea.
Picea concolor var. violacea, Roezl.

A firma, Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii.t. 107; Veitch Manual 95,
f. 16 ; ed. 2, 506, ff. 130-2. Beissner Handbuch 451,
f. 123. Japan.

A. bifida, Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii. t. 109.

A. holophylla, Maxim.

Pinus firma, Antoine.

A. Fraseri, Lindl. ; Sargent Silva xii. t. 609 ; Garden and
Forest 1889, ii. 472, f. 132. Southern Alleghanies.

A. humilis, La Pilaye.

Picea Fraseri, Load.

Pinus Fraseri, Pari.

A. grandis, Lindl. ; Sargent Silva xii. t. 612. Veitch
Manual 98, f . 24 ; ed. 2, 512, f . 133. Beissner Hand-
buch 478, f. 133. Vancouver to California.

A. amabilis, .4. Murr. (not of Forbes.).
13614 D 2

101

Abies grandis — cont

A. gordoniana, Gar/:
Picea grandis, Loud.
Pinus grandis, Dougl.

A. homolepis, Sieb. & Zucc. PI. Jap. ii. t. 108 ; Gard.
Chron. 1870, xii. 823, f. 136. Japan.

A. brachyphylla, Mayr.

A. tschonoskiana, Bort.

Pinus harryana, McNab.

A., lasiocarpa, Book, (not Sort.) ; Sargent Silva xii. t, 611.
Gard. Chron. 1889, v. 172, ff. 23-32 ; Veitch Manual
ed. 2, 515, f. 131. British Columbia to Colorado.

A. (Picea) bifolia, A. Murr.

A. grandis, Engelm. (in part).

A. subalpina, Engelm.

A. subalpina var. fallax, Engelm.

Picea amabilis, Gord. (in part).

Pinus amabilis, Pari, (in part).

Var. arizonica. Gard. Chron. 1901, ff. 52-3.
A. arizonica var. argentea, Bort.

Var. caerulescens.

A. lowiana, A. Murr. ; Gard. Chron. 1890, viii. 750, ff. 149,
150. Sierra Nevada.

A. concolor, Sargent (in part).

A. grandis var. lowiana, Mast.

A. lasiocarpa, Beissn.

A. parsonsiana (of some gardens).

Picea lowiana, Gord.

103

Abies magnifica, A. Murr. ; Sargent Silva xii. tt. 618-9.
Beissner Handbuch 482, f. 135. Californian Sierras.

A. campylocarpa, A. Murr.

Picea magnifica, Gord.

Pinus amabilis, Pari, (in part).

Var. xanthocarpa.

A magnifica var. shastensis, Lemmon ; Sargent Silva
xii. t. 620.

A nobilis var. robusta, Mast. Gard. Chron. 1885, xxiv.
657, f. 147.

A. shastensis, Lemmon.

A. Mariesii, Mast. Gard. Chron. 1879, xii. 788, t. 129 ;
Beissner Handbuch 455, f . 124. Mountains of Japan.

A. nobilis, Lindl. ; Sargent Silva xii. t. 617. Veitch Manual
ed. 1, 101 f. ; ed. 2, 521, f. 136. Oregon, California.

A. magnifica, Engelm (in part).

Picea nobilis, Loud.

Pinus nobilis, Dougl.

Var. glauca.

A. nordmanniana, Spach ; Bot. Mag. t. 6992. Crimea.
Picea nordmanniana, Loud.
Pinus Abies, Pari.

A. numidica, De Lannoy ; Flore des Serres t. 1717 ; Gard.
Chron. 1888, iii. 140 (in part and excl. figs.).
Algerian mountains.

A. Pinsapo var. baborensis, Cosson.
Picea numidica. R. Smith.
Pinus Pinsapo, Pari, (not Boiss.).

A. pectinata, DC. (1805) ; fteichb. Ic. PI. Germ. xi. t. 533 ;
Beissner Handbuch 430, f. 119. Mountains of
Central and Southern Europe. " Silver Fir."

A. alba, Mill. (1768).

105

Abies pectinata — cont.

A. excelsa, Salisb. (1805).
A. Picea, Lindl.
A. taxifolia, Desf. (1809).
A. vulgaris, Pair. (1804).
Picea pectinata, Loud.
Pinus Abies, Durol (1771).
P. pectinata, Lam. (1778).
P. Picea, L. (1753).

A. Pinsapo, Buiss. ; Gard. Chrcm. 1885, xxiv. 468, f. 99,
xxvi. 9, f. 1 ; 1888, iii. 140, f. 22 (section of leaf) ;
Laguna Fl. Forest. Esp. tt. 2, 3. Mountains of
Southern Spain.

Var. glauca.

A. sachalinensis, Mast. Gard. Chron. 1879, xii. 588, f. 97 ;
Veitch Manual ed. 2, 538, f. 138. Sachalin, Yesso.

A. Veitchii var. sachalinensis, Schmidt ; Beissner
Handbuch 461, f. 127.

A. sibirica, Ledeb. Ic. PI. Ross. t. 500 ; Beissner Hand-
buch 455 ; Veitch Manual 111. North and East
Russia.

A. Pichta, Forbes.

Picea Pichta, Loud.

A. Veitchii, Lindl. Gard. Chron. 1880, xiii. 273, f. 50.
Beissner Handbuch 459, f. 125 ; Veitch Manual
ed. 2, 541, f. 139. Mountains of Japan.

Abies Eichleri, Lauche.

A. nephrolepis, Maxim.

Picea Veitchii, Horl.

Pinus selenolepis, Pari.

107

Abies webbiana, Lindl. Gard. Chron. 1891, x. 393, 395,
399. Veitch Manual ed. 1, 109 f. ; ed. 2, 544, f. 141 ;
Beissner Handbuch 480, f. 134. Himalaya.

Abies chiloensis, Hort.

A. chilrowensis, Hort.

Picea webbiana. Loud.

Var. Pindrow, Brandis ; Loud. Encyl. 1052, f. 1970.
North-Western Himalaya.

Picea Pindrow, Loud.

Pinus Pindrow, Royle Illustr. Bot. Himal. t. 86.

Pseudotsuga Douglasii, Garr. ; Beissner Handbuch 413,
f. 115. N.W. America. " The Douglas Fir."

P. mucronata, Ludw. ; Sargent Silva xii. t. 607.

P. taxifolia, Britton.

Abies Douglasii, Lindl. ; Veitch Manual 120, f. 35.

A. mucronata, Rafin.

A. taxifolia, Poir.

Abietia Douglasii, Kent ; Veitch Manual ed. 2, 475,
ff. 120-122.

Picea Douglasii, Link.

Pinus Douglasii, Sabine.

P. taxifolia, Lamb.

Tsuga Douglasii, Carr.
Var. brevifolia.
Var. elegans.
Var. glauca pendula.
Var. revoluta.
Var. Stairii.
Var. taxifolia.
Var. variegata.

109

Pseudotsuga macrocarpa, H. Mayr ; Sargent Silva xii.
t. 608. Southern California.

Abies Douglasii var. macrocarpa, Torr.

A. macrocarpa, Vasey.

Sub-tribe IV. — Pineae. "Pines."

t Pinaster.

Pinus albicaulis, Engelm ; Sargent Silva xi. t. 548. North-
West America.

P. cembroides, Neivb. (not Zucc).

P. flexilis, A. Murr. (in part).

P. flexilis var. albicaulis, Engelm.

P. Shasta, Carr.

P. balfouriana, A. Murr ; Gard. Chron. 1876, v. 332, f. 5fr;
Sargent Silva xi. t. 553. California.

Var. aristata, Engelm ; Gard. Chron. 1896, xx. 719, f . 126.

Pinus aristata, Engelm ; Sargent Silva xi. t. 554.

P. banksiana, Lamb. North-Eastern United States and
Eastern Rocky Mountains.

P. divaricata, Du Mont ; Sargent Silva xi. t. 588.

P. hudsonica, Poir.

P. bungeana, Zucc. ; Gard. Chron. 1882, xvii. ; 8, f. 2. North
China. " Lace Bark Pine."

P. excorticata, Lincll. & Gord.

*P. canariensis, G. Sm. ; Gard. Chron. 1888, iii. 723, f. 94.
Canaries.

P. cembroides, Zucc. Sargent Silva xi. t. 550. Arizona.
P. llaveana, Schiede & Deppe.
P. osteosperma, Engelm.

Ill

Pinus contorta, Dougl. ; Gard. Chron. 1883, xix. 45, f. 5 ;
Sargent Silva xi. t. 567. North-West America, near
the coast.

P. Bolanderi, Pari.

P. Boursieri, Carr.

P. inops, Bong.

P. macintoshiana, Lawson.

Var. murrayana, Engelm ; Sargent Silva xi. t, 568.
Californian valleys.

P. contorta var. latifolia, Hort.

P. murrayana, Lemmon.

P. Coulteri, D. Don. ; Gard. Chron. 1885, xxiii. 415, ff. 73,
74 ; Tree at Kew, 1888, iv. 765, f. 109 ; Sargent
Silva xi. t. 571-2. California.

P. macrocarpa, Lindl.

•P. cubensis, Griseb. South United States, Bahamas,
Central America. " Slash Pine," " Swamp Pine."

P. bahamensis, Griseb. ; Hook. Icon. Plant, t. 1807.

P Elliottii, Engelm.

P. heterophylla, Sud worth ; Sargent Silva xi. tt. 591-2.

P. Taeda var. heterophylla, Elliott.

P. densiflora, Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap., ii. 22, t. 112. Japan.
P. massoniana, Hort. (in part).
P. tabuliformis, Hort.

Var. argenteo-variegata.

Var. aureo-variegata.

P. edulis, Engelm ; Gard. Chron. 1892, xii. 563, f. 86 ;
Sargent Silva xi. t. 552. New Mexico.

P. cembroides, Gord. (not Zucc).

113

*Pinus filifolia, Lindl. ; Loud. Encycl. 1008, ff. 1889, 1890.
Guatemala.

P. Skinneri, Forbes.

P. gerardiana, Wall. ; Royle lllustr. Bot. Himal. t. 85, f. 2.
North- Western Himalaya, Afghanistan.

P. halepensis, Mill. ; Gard. Chron. 1884, xxii. 553, f. 97 ;
1888, iii. 629, f . 84. Mediterranean Region. " The
Jerusalem Pine."

P. abchasica, Fi'sch.

P. hierosolymitana, Daltamel (1755).

P. maritima, Lane//.

P. persica, Hort.

P. Pithy usa, Strangle.

Var. prolifera.

P. inops, So/and. (1789). North-Eastern United States.
" Scrub Pine."

P. variabilis, Lamb.

P. virginiana, Mill. (1768) ; Sargent Silva xi. t. 581.

P. insignis, Dougl. ; Gard. Chron. 1878, ix. 108, ff. 22, 23 ;
1891, ix. 337, f. (habit). California. "The
Monterey Pine."

P. radiata, D. Don. ; Veitch Manual ed. 2, 371, f. 98 ;
Sargent Silva xi. tt. 573-4.

P. tuberculata, D. Don. (not Gord^).

P. Jeffreyi, A. Murr. ; Gard. Chron. 1889, v. 361, f. 65.
California.

Var. deflexa, Torr.

P. Laricio, Poir. ; Gard. Chron. 1884, xxi. 15, f. 1 ; (Tree
at Kew), 1888, iv. 693, f. 97 ; Kohler Med.-Pflanz ii.
1. 161 ; Beissner Handbuch 239, f . 59. South Europe,
"Levant. " The Corsican Pine."

P. Laricio var. latisquama, Willk.

115

Pinus Laricio — cont.

P. Laricio var. poiretiana, Antoine.

P. raaritima, Ait.

The varieties of this species are extremely numerous
and their identification and synonymy proportionately
uncertain. The following forms may be roughly thrown
under the following varieties, but they are not to be
considered as strictly synonymous.

Var. leucodermis, Hort. Kew.
P. leucodermis, Antoine.

Var. nigricans, PaW. " Austrian Pine."

P. austriaca, Hoess.

P. calabrica, Delamarre.

P. dalmatica, Vis.

P. Laricio var. austriaca, Endl.

P. Laricio var. stricta, Carr.

P. magellensis, (russ.

P. maritima, C. Koch.

P. nigra, Link.

P. nigricans, Hoess.

P. Pinaster, Bess, (not Sol.).

P. romana, Hort.

P. sylvestris, Baumg.

P. taurica, Hort.
Var. pallasiana.

P. caramanica, Bosc.

P. Fenzlii, Antoine.

P. halepensis, Bieb. (not Mill.).

P. karamana, Mast. Gard. Chron. 1884, xxi. 480,

f. 91.
P. maritima, Pall.
P. neglecta, Hort.
P. pallasiana, Lamb.
P. Pinea, Habl. (not L.).

117

Pinus Laricio — cont.
Var. pindica, Mast, Gard. Chrou. 1902, xxxi. 302,»f. 95.
P. pindica, Formanek.

Var. tenuifolia, Pari.

P. Laricio var. angustisquama, Willk.

P. Laricio var. cebennensis, Gren, <£ Godr.

P. Laricio var. leptophylla, Christ.

P. pyrenaica, Lapeyr. (in part).

P. Salzmanni, Dun.

The following are garden varieties : —
Var. aureo-variegata.
Var. nana aurea.
Var. pendula.
Var. pumila.
Var. pygmaea.
Var. variegata.

*P. longifolia, Roxb. ; Royle Illustr. Bot. Himal. t. 85, f. 1.
Himalaya.

*P. massoniana, Lamb. Pin. ed. 2, ii. 16. t. 8.
P. sinensis.

P. mitis, Michx. Eastern United States. " Yellow Pine."
P. echinata, Mill. ; Sargent Silva xi. t. 587.
P. Taeda var. variabilis, Ait.
P. variabilis, Pursh (not Lamb.).

P. monophylla, Torr. ; Gard. Chron. 1883, xx. 44, f. 8 ;
1880, xxvi. 137, f. 24 (habit) ; Sargent Silva xi.
t. 551. Sierra Nevada, Utah.

P. fremontiana. Endl.

119

Pinus montana, Duroi ; Laguna Fl. Forest. Esp. t. 7 ;
Hempel Biiume t. 5. Mountains of Central and
Southern Europe.

Var. Fischeri.

Var. Mughus.
P. Mughus, Scop.

Var. Pumilio.

P. Mughus, Wahlenb.

P. Mughus var. Pumilio.

P. Pumilio, Haenke.

P. sylvestris var. Pumilio.

Var. Pumilio variegata.

Var. uncinata, Mast. Gard. Chron. 1884, xxii. 208, f . 42.
Pyrenees.

P. sanguinea, Lapeyr.

P. uncinata, Ram.

*P. Montezumae, Lamb. var. lindleyana ; Gard. Chron.
1894, xv. 273, ff. 29-32 ; 1899, xxv. 147, f. 53.
Mexico.

P. lindleyana, Gord. Journ. Hort. Soc. 1850, v. 215.

P. muricata, D. Don. ; Gard. Chron. 1884, xxi. 49, ff. 7-9 ;
Sargent Silva xi. tt. 585-6. California.

P. edgariana, Hartw.

P. radiata, Hort. (not D. Don).

P. palustris, Mill. Sargent Silva xi. tt. 589-90. South
United States. " True Pitch Pine."

P. australis, Michx.

P. parryana, Engelm. South California.

P. quadrifolia, Sudw. ex Sargent Silva xi. 43, t. 549.

121

Pinus Pinaster, Soland. ; Sowerby Engl. Bot. ed. 3, viii.
t. 1381. Mediterranean region. " Cluster Pine."

P. helenica, Loud.
P. Laricio, Santi.
P. Latteri, Madden.
P. maritima, Poir.
P. nepalensis, Royle*.
P. sylvestris var. L.

Var. Hamiltoni, Lindl. & Gord.
P. Hamiltoni, Tenore.

P. Pinea, L. ; Laguna Fl. Forest. Esp. tt. 4, 5 ; Gard. Chron.
1888, iv. 604, ff. 84-5. Mediterranean region.
" The Stone or Umbrella Pine."

P. ponderosa, Dougl. ; Gard. Chron. 1890, viii. 557, ff. 110-
115 ; Sargent Silva xi. t. 560-5. British Columbia
to Texas.

A very variable species : the following names represent
some of the more prominent forms or varieties : —

P. Beardsleyi, A. Murr.

P. benthamiana, Hartiv.

P. brachyptera, Engelm.

P. craigiana, A. Murr.

P. Engelmanni, Torr.

P. parryana, Gord. (not Engelm.).

Var. pendula, Sargent.

Var. scopulorum, Engelm.

P. pungens, Michx. ; Beissner Handbuch 214, f. 56 ; Sargent
Silva xi. t*. 584. East Central United States.

123

Pinus pyrenaica, Lapeyr. ; Gard. Chron. 1888, iv. 267, f. 32.
South Europe, Levant. " The Calabrian Pine."

P. Brutia, Tenore.

P. loiseleuriana, Carr.

P. parol iniana, Webb.

P. resinosa, Soland. ; Forbes Pinet. Woburn. t. 6. North-
Eastern America. " Canadian Red Pine."

P. rubra, Michx.

P. rigida, Mill. ; Beissner Handbuch 268, f. 64 ; Sargent
Silva xi. t. 579. Eastern United States.

P. Loddigesii, Loud.

P. sabiniana, Dougl. ; Sargent Silva xi. tt. 569-70 ; Gard.
Chron. 1888, iv. 44, f. 4. Tree at Kew, 1889, v. 45,
f. 6. California. "Nut Pine."

P. serotina, Michx. Sargent Silva xi. t. 580. North
Carolina to Florida.

P. Taeda var. alopecuroidea, Loud.

P. rigida var. serotina, Loud.

P. sylvestris, L. ; Sowerby Engl. Bot. ed. 3, viii. t. 1380 ;
Beissner Handbuch 227, f. 58. Northern Europe,
Asia. Scotch Pine.

P. haguenensis, Loud.

P. rigensis, Desf.

P. rubra, Mill.

P. sylvestris var. genuina, Heer.

Var. altaica.

Var. argentea, Steven.

Var. aurea.

Var. beucoriensis.

Var. fastigiata, Carr.

125

Pinus Bylvestris — cont.
Var. globosa.
Var. nana.
Var. pumila.
Var. uralensis.
Var. variegata.

P. Taeda, L. ; Sarerent Silva xi. tt. 577-8. South-eastern
United States. " Torch or Loblolly Pine."

P. Thunbergii, Pari. Japan.

P. massoniana, Sieb. &• Zucc. (not Lamb.) ; Fl. Jap. ii.
tt. 113, 114.

P. Pinaster, Loud, (in part).

P. rubra, Sieb.

P. sylvestris, Thunb. (not L.).
Var. aurea.
Var. variegata.

*P. torreyana, Torr. ; Sargent Silva xi. tt. 557-8. Southern
California. " Soledad Pine."

P. lophosperma, Lindl.

P.^tuberculata, Gord. (not D. Don) ; Gard. Chron. 1885,
xxiv. 786, f. 184. Oregon.

P. attenuata, Lemmon ; Sargent Silva xi. tt. 575-6.

P. californica, Hartw. (not Loisel.).

tt Strobus.

P. Armandi, Franch. Nouv. Arch. du. Mus. Ser. 2, vii.
t. 12. Gard. Chron. 1903, xxxiii. 66, 67, ff. 30, 31.
China.

127

Pinus Ayacahuite, Ehrenb. ; Gard. Chron. 1882, xviii. 492,
f. 83. Mexico. " Hickory Pine."

P. Buonapartea, Roezl.

P. Colorado, Roezl.

P. Don Pedri, Roezl.

P. durangensis, Roezl.

P. hamata, Roezl.

P. loudoniana, Gord.

P. Popocatepetlii, Roezl.

P. Veitchii, Roezl.

P. Cembra, L. ; Gard. Chron. 1872, 397 ; Beissner Handbuch
276, f. 65 ; Hempel Baume t. 8. Mountains of
Central Europe ; Siberia. " The Stone Pine."

Tar. aurea.

Var. pumila, Pall. Flora Rossica 5, t. 2.

Var. sibirica.

P. excelsa, Wall. ; Gard. Chron. 1883, xix. 249, f. 35 ;
Mouillefert Arbres t. 28 ter. Temperate Himalaya.
" The Bhotan Pine."

Var. zebrina.

P. flexilis, James ; Gard. Chron, 1875, iv. 356, f. 75 ;
Sargent Silva xi. tt. 516-7. Eastern Rocky Moun-
tains to Texas, &c.

P. koraiensis, Sieb. & Zucc. ; Beissner Handbuch 281, f. 68,
Veitch Manual 178, f. 40 ; ed. 2, 335, f . 94 ; Gard.
Chron. 1903, xxxiii. 34, 35, ff. 18, 19. Korea, Japan.

P. mandshurica, Rupr.

Var. variegata.

P. lambertiana, Dougl. \ Gard. Chron. 1885, xxiii. 11,
1887, i. 769, f. 144 ; Sargent Silva xi. tt. 542-3.
California, Oregon. "The Sugar Pine."

129

Pinus monticola, Dougl. ; Sargent Silva xi. tt. 540-1 ;
Veitch Manual 181, f. 41 ; ed. 2, 349, f. 95. Van-
couver's Island, California.

P. parvifiora, Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. ii. t. 115 ; Gard.
Chron. 1878, x 624, f. 103. Japan.

P. Peuke, Griseb. ; Gard. Chron. 1883, xix. 244, ff. 33, 34.
Macedonia.

P. excelsa, Hook, (not Wall.).

P. excelsa var. Peuke, Beissner.

P. Strobus, L. ; Beissner Hand ouch 290, f. 72 ; Sargent
Silva xi. tt. 538-9. Canada, North-Eastern America.
" The Weymouth Pine."

Var. compacta.

Var. densa.

Var. fastigiata.

Var. nana.

P. Strobus var. pygmaea, Hort.

Var. nivea.

Var. prostrata.

13G14 E

131

INDEX

TO

GENERA, TRIBES, SUB-TRIBES, SPECIES,
AND SYNONYMS.

Note. — The typography is the same as in the list, that
is, the names adopted at Kew are printed in thick, those
which are regarded as synonymous in ordinary, type.
The abbreviation in italics after each n'ame indicates the
author who first published it. As this indication is only
of interest to anyone who wishes to trace the original
description, it is, for the sake of simplicity, omitted on
the permanent labels attached to the trees and shrubs
in the living collections. One abbreviation needs a word
of explanation : Hort. (= Hortorum) is attached to names
which are current in gardens. They have no recognised
authority, are usually of uncertain origin, or at the best
have only been published in nurserymen's catalogues
without distinctive characters by which the plants can
be recognised ; they are only cited for purposes of
convenience.

Abies aciculavis, Hurt., 75.
ajanensis, Kent, 87.
alba, Chapm., 83.
alba, Mirhx., 75.
alba, Mill., 103.
alba, Ton:, 77.
alba var. caerulea, Carr.,
albertiana, A. Marr., 71.
alcockiana, Hurt., 77, 87.

75.

Abies aloookiana, Yeitch, 75.
amabilis, Forbes, 95.
amabilis, A. Mttrr., 99.
americana, C. Koch, 83.
ainericana, Marsh., 71.
Apollinia, Link, 97.
Araragi, Loud., 73.
arctica, Hort., 83.
arctica, Seem., 75.

13614

E 2

132

Abies arizonica var. argentea,
Hurt., 101.
atlantica, Lindl. fy Gord., 89.

balsamea, *«B.i 97.

balsamifera, Michx., 97.
bicolor, Maxim., 11.
bifida, Sieb. $ Zucc, 99.
bifolia, A. Murr., 101.
brachyphylla, Maxim., 97.
bracbypbylla, Mayr, 101.

bracteata, AW*., 97.
Bridgesii, Kellogg, 71.

brunoniana, Lindl., 69.
caerulea, Forbes, lb.
campylocarpa, .4. Murr., 103.
canadensis, Michx., 71.
canadensis, Jl/f'ZZ., 75.
caroliniana, Chapm., 71.
Cedrus, Poir., 91.

cephalonica, Loud., 97.

chiloensis, Hort., 107.
cbilrowen9is, Hurt., 107.
Cilicica, #m\, 99.
COllCOlor, Lindl. of Gord., 99.
concolor, Sargent (in part),
. 101.

concolor var. violacea, 99.
curvifolia, Salisb., 71.
denticulata, Michx., 83.
Deodara, Lindl., 89.
Douglasii, Lindl., 107.
Douglasii var. macrocarpa,

Ibr?-., 109.
dumosa, Loud., 69.
Eichleri, Lauche, 105.
Engelmanni, 7/yrf., 85.
Engelmauni. Parry, 11.
excelsa, DC, 77.
excelsa, Salisb., 105.
excelsa var. acicularis, Hort.,
75.

firma, Sie&. 4' fc., 99.

Abies Fortunei, A. Murr., 95.

Fraseri, Lindl., 99.

Glehni, F. Schmidt, 81.
gordoniana, Can:, 101.
grandis, ^4. Murr., 95.
grandis, Engelm. (in part),
101.

grandis, Ziw^., 99.

grandis var. densiflora,

Engelm., 95.
grandis var. lowiana, Mast.,

101.
griffitbiana, Lindl. cf Gord.,

93.
holophylla, Maxim., 99.

homolepis, SfeJ. # ^c<?.; 101.

hookeriana, A. Murr., 73.
bumilis, La Pilaye, 99.
jezoensis, Lindl., 95.
Kaempferi, Lindl., 93.
Kbutrow, Loud., 81.
Larix, Lam., 91.
lasiocarpa, Beissn., 101.

lasiocarpa, i7o«&. (not

//«?■#.), 101.
laxa, C Koch, 75.
leptolepis, <&>&. $ Zucc, 93.
lowiana, -A. Murr., 101.
macrocarpa, Vasey, 109.
magnifica, ^. Jfiwr., 103.

magnifica, Engelm. (in part),

103.
magnifica var. shastensis,

Lemmon, 103.
Mariana, Mill., 83.
Mariesii, Jfiut., 103.

marylandica, Hort., 83.
Maximowiczii, Hort., 81.
Menziesii, Engelm., 85.
Menziesii, Loud., 87.
mertensiana, Lindl. & Gord.,
71.

133

Abies microcarpa, Lindl. $ Gord.,
93.
mucronata, Rafin., 107.
nephrolepis, Maxim., 105.
nigra, Engelm., 77.
nisrra, Poir., 83.
nigra var. rubra, Mieli.r., 85.
nobilis, Lindl., 103.
nobilis var. robusta, Mast.,

103.
nordmanniana, Spach, 103.
numidica, De Lannoy, 103.
obovafca, Loud.. 83.
orientalis, Poir., 83.
panachaica, Heldr., 97.
Parla'torei, Hurt.. 85.
parsonsiana, Wort., 101.
pattoniana, Jeffrey, 73.
pattoniana, McNab, 73.
pectinata, PC, 103.

pendula, Lindl. $ Gord., 93.
Picea, Lindl., 105.
Picea, ifcRZZ., 77.
Pichta, JbrJe*, 105.
Pinsapo, Botes., 105.

Pinsapo var. baborensis,

Cosson, 103.
polita, 6'/e&. cj- Zucc, 85.
Reginae-Amaliae, Heldr., 97.
rubra, Bau/iin, 77.
rubra, Ptf<>., 85.
rubra var. arctica, Lindl. $,•

Gord., 85.
rubra var. caerulea, Loud. 75.

sachalinensis, ii/«^., 105.

sacra, Franchet, 95.
scbrenkiana, Lindl. $' Gord.,

sbastensis, Lenimon, 103.

sibirica, P«JeJ., ior>.
sitobensis, C. Aoc/i, 87.
sitcbensis, Lindl. $ Gord., 87.

Abies smithiana, Forbes, 81.
subalpina, Engelm., 101.
subalpina var. fallax, Engelm.,

101.
taxifolia, Bcxf., 105.
taxifolia, Poir., 107.
Torano, S'iei., 85.
tscbouoskiana, LTort., 101.
Tschugatskoi, Gord., 99.
Tsuga, iS'(W>. 4* -2mcc, 73.
umbilicata, Sort., 97.
Veitchii, Po/v1., 97.

Veitchii, Lindl., 105.

Veitchii var. sachalinensis,

Schmidt, 105.
venusta, ft Koch, 97.
vulgaris, Poir., 105.

webbiana, £i«^., 107.

Williamsoni, JVewi., 73.
wittmanniana, Tlort., 83.
Abietia Douglasii, Ae«£, 107.
Fortunei, A'twi. 95.

Abietineae, 69.
Actinostrobus pyramidalis,

Miq., 31.

Agathis australis, Salisb., 67.
loranthifolia, Salisb., 67.
Moorei, 2Ko*£., or.
obtusa, ii/iw*., 67.
robusta, il/iwtf., 67.
vitiensis, -3/a**., 67.

Araucaria Balansae, Brongn.

<§' (rris., 67.
Bidwillii, Hook., 67.

brasiliana, Rich., 67.
brasiliensis, Loud., 67.
columnaris, Hook., 67.
Cookii, P- Pa, 67.
Cunninghamii, Aft., 67.
elegans, Hort., 67.
excelsa, P. Pr., 69.

134

Araucaria glauca, Antoine, 69.
goldieana, T. Moore, 69.

imbricata, -P«i'.> 69-
• Muelleri, Sort., 69.
Niepratschki, Hurt., 69.
Rulei, F. Muell., 69.

Araucarineae, 65.
Arceuthos, 29.

drupacea, Antoine, 29.

Athrotaxis cupressoides, D.

Don., 63.
doniana, Ilort., 63.
gunniana, Ilort., 63.

laxifolia, Ifooft., 63.
selaginoides, D. Don., 63.

Belis jaculiflora, Salisb., 65.

Biota, 53.

elegantissiraa, Ilort., 57.
intermedia, Ilort., 57.
japonica, <S7e&., 55.
meldensis, Gord., 59.
orieutalis, Endl., 53.
orientalis var. argentea,

<3tor&, 53.
orientalis aurea nana, Hort.,

55.
orientalis var. decussata,

Beiss7i. 3? Hochst., 55.
orientalis densa glauca,

Hort., 57.
orientalis var. expansa, Endl.,

59.
orientalis var. intermedia.

Carr., 57.
orientalis minima glauca,

Hort., 59.
orientalis var. nana, Carr.,

55.
orientalis var. pendula, Pari.,

59.

Biota orientalis semperaurea,

Ilort., 61.
orientalis var. Sieboldi, jEWZ.,

55.
orientalis var. tatarica, Endl. ,

59.
orientalis var. variegata,

Endl., 55.
orientalis var. variegata,

Gord., 55.
pendula, Endl., 57, 59.
pendula var. recurvata, Gord.,

59.
tatarica, Lindl., 5£,
zuccariniana, Sicb., 55.

Callitrinae, 29.

Callitris australis, Sweet., 29.
calcarata, J>. Br., 29.
cupressoides, Schrad., 29.
Parlatorei, F. Muell, 29.

quadrivalvis, Rich., 29.

rhomboidea, #. ^''., 29.
robusta, R- Br., 29.

verrucosa, JR.. Er., 29.

Csdrus africana, Gord., 89.
atlailtica, Manetti, 89.
Deodara, iowrf., 89.

indica, Chambr., 89.

Libani, ioKf/., 91.

libani var. Deodora, Hook.,

89.
patula, C. Koch, 91.

Cephalotaxus Buergeri, Mlq., 3.

drupacea, Si«&. ,$• Zucc., i.
Fortuni, ^o^., l.
Oliveri, Mast., l.
pedunculata, Si>&. 4' Zucc,

Chamaecyparis Boursieri, Carr.,
37.

135

Chamaecyparis Boursieri, Decne,

19.
decussata, Ilort.. 55.
lawsoniana, Pari., 37.
nutkaensis, Spach., 41.
obtusa, Sieb. if Zucc, 43.
obtusa var. pyginaea, Ilort.,

43.
pisifera, 6'iei. <$• Zucc, 45.
sphaeroidea, Spach., 45.
thyoides var. andeleyensis,

Cam, 47.

Cryptomeria Fortunei, tftfo $

Dietr., 65.

japonica, ^ -#<>«•, 65.

Veitchii, Ilort., 65.

Cunninghamia sinensis, -ft-

i//1., 65.

Cupressineae, 15.

CupreSSUS anibigua, .Efort., 35.
amoena, C. Koch, 33.
Arbor-vitae, Targ. Toxz., 47.
arizonica, Greene, 31.
aromatica, Gord., 31.
australis, Low., 35.
bedfordiana, Ilort., 35.

Benthami, -EMJ-,31.

braziliensis, Ilort., 31.
californica, Carr., 33.
conoidea, Spad., 35.
corneyana, Gord., 35.
Coulteri, Forbes, 31.
disticha, Z., 65.
doniana, Ilort., 35.
Ehrenbergii, Kunze, 31.
elegans, Ilort., 31.
excelsa, Scott, 31.
fastigiata, J9C, 35.
filiformis, Ilort., 59.

funebris, -ff/«M., 33.

CupreSSUS glandulosa, ZZiwA.,
33.
glauca, Lam., 33.

goveniana, AWd., 33.

goveniana, Sargent, 33.
goveniana var. pygmaea,

Lemmon, 33.
guadeloupensis, 5. 11'ata., 33.
Hartwegii, Carr., 33.
horizontal is, Mill., 35.
Hugeli, flbrt., 31.
japonica, Z., 65.
karwinskyana, JRegel., 31.
kashmiriana, Ilort., 33.
lambertiana, Gord., 33.

lawsoniana, 4. iK"w»".j 37.

lusitanica, Carr., 31.

lusitanica, JfiW-i 33.
macnabiana, ^- -Zlftwr., 33.
macrocarpa, Hartw., 33.
nootkatensis, £<»»&., 41.
obtusa, C ZbcA, 43,

patula, Pers., 59.
patula, Spad., 35.
pendula, -4&eZ., 33.
pendula, L'Herit, 33.
pendula, Thumb., 59.
pendulata, Ilort., 59.

pisifera, C- -Kb«*» 45.

pygmaea, Sargent, 33.
pyramidalis, Ta/y. 2(>zz., 35.
Roylei, Carr., 35.

sempervirens, •£•, 35.

eempervirens var. hori-
zontal, Gord., 35.
Skinneri, Ilort., 31.
thurifera, Schlecht, 31.
Thuya, Zh?y. Ztow., 53.

thyoides, -£-, ±5.
torulosa, -#. £"<>»., 35.

Tournefortii, Audlb., 35.
Tournefortii, Teiwre, 35.

136

CupresSUS uhdeana, Gord., 33.
uhdeana, I/ort., 31.
whitleyana, Hort., 35.

Dacrydium araucaroides,

Brongn. $ Gris., 9.

cupressinum, Soiand., 9.
elatum, Wall., 9.
Franklini, Book., 9.

Pancheri, Brongn. % Gris., 11.
Dammara australis, Lamb., 67.
Moorii, Luidl., 67.
obtusa, Lindl., 67.
robusta, C. Moore, 67.
vitiensis, Seem., 67.

Diselma Archeri, Hook., 31.

Eucupressus, 31.

Eupicea, 73.

Euthuya, 47.

Fitzroya Archeri, Bentk. $

Hook., 31.

patagonica, fliwk, 31.

Frenela australis, .ft. Br., 29.
Endlicheri, ParZ., 29.
Fontanesii, Mirbel, 29.
glauca, Hort., 55.
Parlatorei, P. JfcftteZZ., 29.
rhomboidea, Endl., 29.
robusta, J.. Cunn, 29.

Ginkgo biloba, •£., 1-
Glyptostrobus heterophyllus,

Endl., 63.
pendulus, Endl., 65.

Hesperopeukepattoniana,ie/?j»io«,

73.
Heyderia decurrens, C. Koch, 61.

Juniperinae, i»-

Juniperus alpina, S. F. Gray, 25.
bacciformis, Carr., 19.

barbadensis, £•, 15.

bedfordiana, Hort., 23.

bermudiana, -£■, 15.

bermudiana, Lunan, 15.
biebersteiniana, C. Koch, 27.
bonatiana, Fw., 23.
Cabiancae,Fi*., 15.

californica, Carr., 15.

californica var. utahensis,

Engelm., 23.
canadensis, Lodd., 26.
canadensis aurea, Hort., 15, 25.
Cedrus, Webb., 25.
chinensis, L., 15.

cbinensis var. Smithii, Loud.,

21.
cinerea, ftm\, 23.
communis, L., 25.

communis var. caucasica, 27.
conferta, Pari., 27.
dealbata, Hort. aliq., 19.
densa, Gord., io, 19.

drupacea, Labm., 29.
excelsa, #«*•! 17-

excelsa, Brand is, 17.
excelsa, Pursh., 21.
excelsa, Willd., 21.
excelsa var. nana, Endl., 19.

flaccida, Schiccht, n.

flagelli.formis, fliwtf., 17.

foetida var. thurifera, Spach.,

23.
Fortunei, Tan Iloutte, 21.
fragrans, Hort., 15.
glauca, Hort., 55.
gossainthaneana, Lodd., 23.
gracilis. Hort., 23.
hernispnaerica, Presl., 27.

henryana, -R. -#''• Campst.,

27.

137

Juniperus bibernica, Gord., 25.
hispanica, Booth, ex Eiidl., 25.
bispanica, Lam., 23.
hudsonica, Lodd., 21.
jakobiana, Jlort. Jakob-

Makoy, 17.
japonica, Carr., 17.
japonica var. aurea, Sort., 17.
HtOralis, Maxim., 27.
Lycia, i., 19.
Lycia, Pall., 21.

macrocarpa, StWA., 27.
macropoda, 5«m., 17.
mexicana, SoMede, 17.
nana, Wffld., 25.
nana var. hemisphaerica,

Cam, 27.
neaboriensis, llort., 27.
oblonga, Bieb., 27.
oblonga, Gord., 27.
oblonga pendula, Hort., 27.

occidentalis, S>oA., 19.

occidentalis, Portei; 21.
occidentalis, H'm/sow, 23.
occidentalis var. utahensis,

Aew£, 23.
oophora, Kunze, 19.

Oxycedrus, £., 27.

Oxycedrus, i. Herb, nee
S/>. PJ., 27.

pachyphlaea, Torr., 19.
phoenicea, £•, 19.

phoenicea, Pallas, 17,
prostrata, Pers., 21.

pseudo-Sabina, P<'.v<7<. ,<•

Mey., 19.
pyriformis, Litull., 19.
recurva, Buch.-H.am., 19.
reevesiana, Hort., 17.
religiosa, Boyle, 19.
repens, iV«W, 21.
rigida, 5/eJ. <J* itocc, 27.

Juniperus rufescens, £t»fc, 27.
rufescens, Jlort. Julinb., 29.

Sabina, L., 21.

sabinoides, Endl., 23.
sabinoides, Sargent, 21.
scopulorum, Sargent, 21.
Shephardi, Hort., 21.
Sbeppardi, Hort., 21.

sphaerica, £i»dZ., 21.

sphaerocarpa, Antoine, 27.
squamata, Buch.-Ham., 19.
squamata, .Hiorfc Edinb., 17.
struthiacea, Knight % Perry,

17.
suecica, J1/7M., 25.
taxifolia, -Six*. <£ 4m., 27.
tenella, Antoine, 27.
tetragona, Moench., 19.

tetragona, SchlecJd, 21.

Thunbergii, Hook. $ Am., 17.

thurifera, -£■, 23.

unibilicata, 6" mi. 4" Godr., 27.
utahensis, Lemmon, 23.
virginiana, £•, 23.

virginiana (in part), 15.
virginiana, Torrey, 21.
virginiana var. australis,.EWZ.,

15.
virginiana var. barbadensis,

Gordon, 15.
virginiana var. bermudiana,

I'«.yry, 15.
virginiana gossaictbaneana,

«",/rr., 23.
virginiana var. niontana,

Vaney, 21.
virginiana viridis, Hort., 25.
Willkomniii, Antoine, 27.

Keteleeria davidiana, Franoh.
95.
Fortunei, Cam, 95.
sacra, -Bei**, 95.

138

Lariceae, 89.

Laricopsis Kaempferi, Kent, 95.

Larix, americana, Michx., 93.
americana var. rubra, Loud.,
93.

archangelica. Hort., 91.
Cedrus, Mill., 91.
dahurica, Turcz., 91.

davurica, Trautv., 91.
decidua, J//7Z., 91.
Deodara, 61 ZiraA, 89.

europaea, 2?c., 91.

excelsa, Z/«Z;, 91.

Griffithii, fliwife., 93.

japonica, Carr., 93.
Kaempferi, Carr., 95.

leptolepis, £&«#., 93.

microcarpa, Forbes, 93.

occiden talis, ■#»#, 93,
patula, Salisb., 91.

pendllla, Salisb., 93.
pyramidalis, <SkZw5., 91.
sibirica, Lrdeb., 91,
vulgaris, tf&cA., 91.

Libocedrus chilensis, ^toW..

61.

decurrens, 2brr., 61.

doniana, .ewz., 61.

macrolepis, -Be^A. ^ SiwA.,
61.

Macrotbuya, 61.

Microcachrys tetragona,
Hook., 13.

Omorica, 87.
Oxycedrus, 25.
Pbyllocladus rbomboidalis,

Rich., 3.

Piceae, 69

Picea ajanensis, Fisch., 87.

ajanensis var. japonica, 87.
alba, Link, 73.
alcockiana (in part), 77.

alcockiana, Carr., 75.

amabilis, Gord., 101.
amabilis, Loud., 95.
annesleyana, Hort., 85.
balsamea, ioM(7., 97.
bicolor, Mayr, 77.
brachyphylla, £,w/., 97.
bracteata, Loud.. 97.

breweriana, 8. Wats., 77.

caerulea, Z/«#, 75.
canadensis, B. S. $ P., 73.
canadensis. Link, 71.
cephalonica, Loud., 97.
commutata, /for*, alia., 85.
concolor, X Murr., 99.
concolor var. violacea, iZoe-Z
■ 99.

Douglasii, Link, 107.
Eng-elmanni, Engelm., 77.

Engelinanni, Zfort., 85.

ericoides, Hort., n.
excelsa, Link, 77.

Fortunei, A. Murr., 95.
Fraseri, Loud., 99.
Grlehni, Mast., 81.
grandis, .EotwJ., 101.

bondoensis, J/«y/-, 87.

jezoensis, Maxim., 87.
lasiocarpa, Balfour, 99.
lowiana, 6Wd., 101.
magnifica, 6'o?-d., 103.
mariana, B. S. Sf P., 81.

Maximowiczii, i%<?z., 81.

Menziesii, Carr., 87.
Menziesii, Sort., 85.
Menziesii, Pari., 87.

139

Picea Morinda, Link, 81.
nigra, Link, 81.
nigra var. glauca, Carr., 75.
nigra var. rubra, Engelm., 85.
nobilis, Loud., 103.
nordnianniana, Loud., 103.
nurnidioa, R. Smith, 103.
Obovata, Ledeb., 83.

Omorica, -Va**., 87.
orientalis, Cw^-j 83.
parryana, Sargent, 85.
parryana glauca, Hort., 85.
pectinata, Loud., 105.
Pichta, Loud., 105.
Pindrow, Loud., 107.
pinnosa, Llort., 97.
polita, Car;*., 85.
pungens, Engelm., 85.
pungens argentea, LLort., 85.
rubens, Sargent, 85.

rubra, •£»«&, 8ft.
Sargentii, flbrt., 85.
schrenkiana, Fisclv. cf Hey.,

83.
sitchensis, ZVawfo. «$■ Jl/ey.,

87.
sitkaensis, Mayr, 87.
smithiana, Boiss., 81.
Veitchii, .Hi?r£. (in part), 97.
Veitchii, ZJTori., 105.
vulgaris. Z/«&, 77.
webbiana, Loud., 107.

Pinaster, 109.
Pinea, 109.

PinilS Abies, Duroi, 105.
Abies, L., 77.
Abies, Pari., 103.
Abies var. cephalonica, Pari.,

97.
abschasica, Fiseh., 113.

Pinus ftlbftj Lamb., 75.

albicaulis, Engelm., 109.
alcockiana, Pari., 75.
amabilis, Dougl., 95.
amabilis, Pari, (in part), 101,

103.
americana, Duroi, 71.
americana, Gaertn., 85.
americana var. rubra, FPan-

#e«/t, 87.
Araragi, 5ieZ>., 73.
aristata, Engelm., 109.

Armandi, Frcmch., 125.
attenuata, Lem/mon, 125.
australis, Michx., 119.
austriaca, IIoe.su., 115.

Ayacahuite, Mreiib., 127.

baharnensis, Griseb., 111.

balfouriana, ^- -Marr.,

109.
balsamea, Z., 97.
banksiana, Zam&., 109.

Beardsleyi, .4. Murr., 121.
benthamiana, Llartw., 121.
Bolanderi, LJarl., 111.
Boursieri, Carr., 111.
brachyphylla, Pari., 97.
brachyptera, Engelm., 121.
bracteata, Z>. jDotc., 97.
brunoniana, FPaZZ., 69.
Brutia, Teuore, 123.

bungeana, ^wce., 109.

Buonapartea, Poezl., 127.

calabrica, Delamarre, 115.

californica, Llartw. (not

Loisel.}, 125.
canadensis, Bong., 73.

canadensis, Duroi, 75.

canadensis, Z., 71.

canariensis, C #«<., 109.

caramanica, Bosc, 115.
Cedrus, Z., 91.

140

Pinus Cedrus var. atlantica,
Pari., 89.

Cembra, !>., 127.

cembroides, Gord. (not Zucc.'),

111.
cembroides, Newb. (not Zucc.'),

109.

cembroides, z%ee^ 109.

cilicica, Pari., 99.
Colorado, Boezl., 127.

commutata, Pad., 77.
ooncolor, Pari., 99.

contorta, -D^z., ill.

contorta var. latifolia, Hurt.,
111.

Coulteri, D. 2fc»»., 111.

craigiana, A Murr., 121.
CubensiS, Griseb., 111.
dalmatica, Pw., 115.
densiflora, SieJ. ^- Zucc., ill.
deodara, Roxb., 89.
divaricata, D» Mont., 109.
Don Pedri, J?oe.-Z., 127.
Douglasii. Sabine, 107.
dumosa, Z>. ZW., 69.
durangensis, Roezl., 127.
echinata, JfcfiZZ., 117.
edgariana, Hartio., 119.
edulis, Engelm., 111.
Elliottii, Engelm., 111.
Engelmanni, Engelm., 77,
Engelmanni, TJ'rr., 121.
excelsa, Hook. (notlla7Z.),129.
excelsa, Lam., 77.

excelsa, JPoK., 127.

excelsa var. Peuke, Bern.,

129.
excorticata, Lindl. $ Gord.,

109.
Fenzlii. Antoine, 115.

filifolia, £««rfZ., 113.

firma, Antoine, 99.

PillUS flexilis, J.. Murr. (in part),
109.

flexilis, «7a»ie*, 127.

flexilis var.albicaulis,2?wgreZm.,

109.
Fortunei, Pari., 95.
Fraseri, ParZ., 99.
fremontiana, Endl., 117.

gerardiana, WoW., 113.

glauca, Moenck., 75.
grandis, Dougl., 101.
grandis, Lamb., 95.
Griffithii, ParZ., 93.
haguenensis, Loud., 123.
halepensis, i?i£&. (not il/iZZ.),
115.

halepensis, #*#., H3.

hamata, Roezl., 127.
Haniiltoni, Tenore, 121.
harryana, McNab, 101.
helenica, Loud., 121.
heterophylla, Sudworth, 111.
hierosolymitana,Z'M/<aweZ,113.
hudsonica, Po/r., 109.
inops, Bong., 111.
inops, Soland., 113. •

insignis, -Dow^., 113.
Jeffreyi, A Jftw?., lis.

Kaempferi, Lamb., 95.
karamana, Mad., 115.
Khutrow, Boyle, 81.
koraiensis, Si«&. 4* <&««».,

127.

lambertiana, 2)oa^Z., 127.

lanceolata, Lamb., 65.
laricina, Duroi, 93.

Laricio, £Wr., 113.

Laricio, Santi, 121.

Laricio var. angustisquama,

TH///.'., 117.
Laricio var. austriaca, Endl.,

115.

141

Pinus Laricio cebennensis, Gren.

S- Godr., 117.
Laricio var. latisquarua)

WUlJt.t 118.
Laricio var. leptophylla,

Christ, 117.
Laricio var. poiretiana, An-

toine, 11").
Laricio var. stricta, Carr.,

115.
Larix, L., 91.
Latteri, Madden, 121.
laxa, Ehrh., 75.
leptolepis, Endl., 93.
leucoderniis, Antoine, 115.
lindleyana, Gord., 119.
llaveana, Schiede Jf' Deppe,

109.
Loddigesii, Loud., 123.
loiseleuriana, Carr., 123.
longifolia, #<«;&., 117.
lophosperma, Lindl., 125.
loudoniana, Gord., 127.
macintoshiana, Lawson, 111.
macrocarpa, Lindl., 111.
magellensis, Guss., 115.
mandshurica, Biipr., 127.
Mariana, JDitroi, 83.
maritima, yliY., 115.
maritima, {". Koch, 115.
maritima, Lamb., 113.
maritima, Pall., 115.
maritima, Pot;1., 121.
massoniana, Ilort., 111.

massoniana, -£«?«&., 117.

massoniana, «S7eZ>. 4' Zucc,

125.
Menziesii, Dougl., 87.
mertensiana, Bong., 73.
microcarpa, Lamb., 93.
mitis, Michz., ill.
monophylla, 21»t., in.

Pinus montana, P">w, 119.
Montezumae, Eami., 119.
monticola, -D««<7^-, 129.

Mughus, Sctfp., 1 19.
Mughua, UW</., 119.
Mughus var. Pumilio, JJ«A-
lenb., 119.

muricata, #• ^"»-, H9.

murrayana, Limmon, 111.
neglecta, Ilort., 115.
nepalensis, Boyle, 121.
nigra, vl/Y., 83.
nigra, Z<«&, 115.
nigricans, Iloess., 115.
nobilis, Dougl., 103.
Nuttallii, iWZ., 93.
Omorica, Pane, 87.
orientalis, i., 83.
osteosperma, Engelm., 109.
pallasiana, Lamb., 115.

palustris, AfiW., 119.

paroliniana, Webb., 123.

parry ana, Engelm., 119.

parryana, <%?•</. (not Engelm.'),
121.

parviflora, SieJ. # ^"^ 129-

pattoniana, Pari., 73.
pectinata, Lam., 105.
pendula, .4i£., 93.
persica, Ilort., 113.

Peuke, <W«i, 129.

Picea, Z., 105.

Pinaster, Bess, (not Soland.),

115.
Pinaster, Loud., 125.

Pinaster, fiWaad., 121.

pindica, Formaneh, 117.
Pindrow, .Royfe, 107.
Pinea, Hahl., 115.

Pinea, £•, 121.

Pinsapo, PatZ. (not Boiss.),
103.

142

PinuS Pithyusa, Strangw., 113.

ponderosa, Ihugl., 121.

Popocatepetlii, Rorzl., 127.
Pumilio, Haerilte, 119.
pungens, Mehx., 121.
pyrenaica, Lapeyr. (in part),
117.

pyrenaica, Lapeyr., 123.

quadrifolia, Sudw., 119.
radiata, 2). Dow., 113.
radiata, i/o/^. (not Z>. Don.),

119.
resinosa, Soland., 123.

ri^ensis, Dps/., 123.

rigida, ifl«., 123.

rigida var. serotina, Loud.,

123.
romana, Ilort., 115.
rubra, Lamb., 87.
rubra, Miclix., 123.
rubra, JtftZZ., 123.
rubra, #/>&., 125.
rubra var. violacea, Endl., 75.

sabiniana, 2?o«^., 123.

Salzmanni, Ztoro., 117.
sanguinea, Lapeyr., 119.
selenolepis, Pari., 105.

serotina, Miehx., 123.

Shasta, ftm\, 109.
sinensis, 117.
sitchensis, Bong., 87.
Skinneri, Forbes, 113.
smithiana, Lamb., 81.

Strobus, £., 129.

Strobus var. pygmaea, Ilort.,

129.
sylvestris, Balling. , 115.

sylvestris, £•, 123.

sylvestris, lliunb. (not i.),

125.
sylvestris var. genuina, Heer.,

123.

Pinus sylvestris var. Pumilio,
119.
sylvestris var., X., 121.
tabuliformis, Ilort., 111.

Taeda, £., 125.

Taeda var. alopecuroidea,

Loud., 123.
Taeda var. heterophylla,

Elliott, 111.
Taeda var. variabilis, .4i£.

117.
taurica, Ilort., 115.
taxifolia, Lamb., 107.

Thunbergii, iVrZ., 125.
torreyana, Torr., 125.

Tsuga, Antolne, 73.
tuberculata, D. Dore., 113.

tuberculata, Gord., 125.

uncinata, Ram., 119.
variabilis, Lamb., 113
variabilis, Pursh., 117.
Veitchii, ItoezZ., 127.
venusta, Dougl., 97.
virginiana, JKiZZ., 113.

Platycladus dolabrata, Spach, 53.
stricta, Spach, 53.

Podocarpeae, 9.

Podocarpus alpina, #. 5a, 9.
amara, Blume, 9.
andina, Hort., 11.
andina, Poepp. 13
argotaenia, S««ee, 9.
canaliculata, ilovt.,u.
chilina, £«?&., 11.
cupressina, R Br., 11.
dacrydioides, ^. .Rw*., 11.
elongata, L'JBertt, 11.
ferrugiDea, -0- #<>«., 11.

insignis, Ilemsl., 9.

japonica, <&>&., U.

143

Podocarpus koraianus, Hort., 3.
macrophylla, D- Don., 11.
Nageia, R. Dr., n.
neriifolia, D. Don., 11.
nubigena, Lindl.$ Paxt.,l\.
pectinata, Panoh. (ex

Brongn, ,f Gi-is.), 11.
purdieana, Booh., 11.
salicifolia, Kiotzack <.$•

Kard., 11.
spicata, J2. Z?/\, 13.
taxifolia, //. B. A'., 13.
Totara, G. Benn., 13.

Prumnopitys elegans, PM-

lippi, 13.
spicata, Mast., 13.
taxifolia, Mast., 13.

Pseudolarix Fortunei. Mayr, 93.

Kaempferi, GW., 93.

PseitdotSUga davidiana, C. 2?.
B^rtr., 95.

Douglasii, Cow., 107.
macrocarpa, H. Mayr, 109.

mucroData, Sudw., 107.
taxifolia, Britton, 107.

Retinispora dubia, Hort., 49.
ellwangeriana, Hort., 49.
ericoides, Gord., 45.
ericoides, Hort., 57.
filifera, Gordon, 45.
flavescens, Hort., 55.
juniperoides, Can:, 55.
meldensis, Hort., 59.
nobleana. Hart., 43.
obtusa, SzeJ. 4' -Z'tfcc., 43.
pisifera, S¥«J. <$' Zucc, 45.
plumosa sulphurea, 4").
rigida, Carr., 55,
Bquarrosa, 7/d/f , 55.
"Tom Thumb," Hort., 49.

Sabina, 16.

Salisburia adiantifolia, Salixb., 1.

Salisburineae, l.

Sapineae, 95.

Saxegothea conspicua, AiradJ.,

13.

Stachy carpus andina, Fare Ticghcm,
13.

Schubertia sempervirens, Spack,
63.

Sciadopitys verticillata, 5/eJ.

^' Zucc, 61.

Sequoia gigantea, 2«»->-., 63.
sempervirens, £W/., 63.

Wellingtonia, Seem., 63.
Strobus, 125.

Taxeae, 3.

Taxineae, 3.

Taxodinae, 61.

Taxodium bogotense, Hort., 13.
distichum, Rich., 65.
heterophyllum, Brongn., 63.
japonicum, Brongn., 65.
microphyllum, Brongn., 65.

mucronatum, ^<«., 65.

sempervirens, Lamb., 63.
sinense, Gord., 65.
washingtonianum, Winsl., 63.

Taxus adpressa, Gordon, 3.
adpressa erecta, Z/u/tf., 5.
adpressa fastigiata, Hort., 5
adpressa stricta, Hort., 5.

baccata, -£•, 3.
baccata Crowderi, 5.

baccata cuspidata, Carr., 9.

144

Taxus baccata empetrif olia, 5.
baccata microphylla, 5.
baccata Mitchelli, 5.
baccata nigra, Hurt., 7.
baccata stricta, Sort., 5.
baccata subglaucescens,

Jacques, 7
baccata verticillata, Hurt., 5.
brevifolia, Ilort., 3.

brevifolia, Nutt., 9.
canadensis, Willd., 9.

canadensis Washington!, Hbrt.,

9.
CUSpidata, Sieb. $ Zucc, 9.
disticha, Wendcr., 7.
Dovastoni, Ilort.. 5.
Harringtonia, Knight $ Perry,

1.
hibernica, Hook,, 7.
hibernica aurea, 7.
japonica, Hurt., 3.
pendula, Hurt., 5.
recurvata, Lawson, 7.
sinensis tardiva, Knight, 3.
umbraculifera, Hurt., 5.

Tetraclinis articulata, Mast.,

29.

Thuiopsis borealis, Hurt., 41.
troubetskoyana, Hurt., 41.
Tscbugatskoyii, Ilort., 41.

Thuya acuta, Muench., 53,
argentea, Hurt., 55.
articulata, Vahl., 29.
aurea, Hurt., 55.
aurescens, Hurt., 49.
australis, Hurt., 59.
caucasica, Hurt., 49.
chilensis, D. 2?0«., 61.
columnaris, 49.

Thuya compacta, Hort., 55.
craigiana, A Murr., 61.
craigiana, Hurt., 51.

dolabrata, £-, 53.

Douglasii pendula, Hurt., 59.
filiformis, Ludd., 59.
flagelliforrnis, Hurt., 59.
freneloides, Hurt., 57.
gigantea, Ilort., 61.
gigantea, Nutt., 51.
gigantea var. j aponica, F ranch.

$ Sav., 51.
bybrida, ZTdrt., 59.
intermedia, Hort., 57.
japonica, Ilort., 57.
japonica, Ma.rim., 51.
Lobbi, Hurt., 51.
meldensis, Hurt., 59.
Menziesii, Car?:, 51.
nana, Hort., 55.
nana aurea, Hort., 55.
nana compacta aurea, Hort.,

55.
nepalensis, Hort., 57.
obtusa, Muench., 47.
obtusa var. pygmaea, Hort.,

43.

occidentalis, -£•, 47.

odorata, Marsh., 47.
Ohlendorfi, Hurt., 51.

orientalis, £•, 53.

orientalis aureo - variegata,

Hurt., 55.
orientalis cupressoides, Hort., '

59.
orientalis var. flagelliforrnis,

Jacques, 59.
orientalis meldensis, Hort., 59.
orientalis var. stricta, Loud.,

61.
orientalis var. tatarica, Luud.,

61.

U5

Thuya penduia, Lamb., 59.
plicata, D. Don., 51.
pyramidalis, Tenore, 61.
sibirica, Hort., 47.
Standiehii, Carr., 51.
tatarioa, Forbes, 61.
tetragona. Hort., 51,
variegata, Hort., 55.
Versmanni, 49.
zuccariniana, Hort., 55.

Thuynae, 31.
Thuyopsis, 53.

dolabrata, Sieb. % Zucc, 53.
laetevirens, Lind., 53.
Standisbii, Gord., 51.

Torreya californica, Z'wr., 3.

Myristica, Hook., 3.

nucifera, Sieb. $ Zvcc, 3.
taxifolia, Am., 3.

Tsuga ajanensis, Hegel., 87.
albertiana, rei£c/i, 71.

brunoniana, Carr., 69.
canadensis, ttwr., 71.

canadensis var. albo-spica, 71.

caroliniana, Engeim., 71.

diversifolia, Mawim., 73.
Douglasii, Carr., 107.
heterophylla, Sargent, 7 1 .

mertensiana, Cam, 71.

mertensiana, Sargent, 73.
pattoniana, Engeim., 73.
Sieboldi, Owr., 73.
Tsuja Tsuja, J. 3/nrr., 73.

Washingtonia californica, Witul.,
63.

Wellingtonia gigantea, Lindl., 63.

Widdringtonia giauca, //«;*.,

31.
Whytei, #««#«, 31.

13614

F

I

144

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