THE LIBRARY

OF

THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA

PRESENTED BY

PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND
MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID

HAND LIST

OF

MOLLUSCA.

INDIAN MUSEUM,

OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINT^G,
l66, DHURRUMTOLLAH STREET.

HAND LIST

OF

MOLLUSCA

IN THE

INDIAN MUSEUM,

CALCUTTA,

BY

GEOFFREY NEVILL, C.M.Z.S.

PART II.

GASTROPODA.

ProsobrancMa-Beurobranchia (contd.).

CALCUTTA :
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.

1884.

PREFACE.

Kit*

Since the First Part of the Hand List of Mollusca
was published, Mr. Nevill has been compelled by the
failing state of his health to resign his appointment
as First Assistant in the Indian Museum. Before
his departure for Europe, on the 12th March, 1883,
he had made over to me the manuscript of the
Second Part of the Hand List, which was shortly
afterwards placed in the hands of the printer ; but
as the majority of the proofs had to be sent to
Europe to Mr. .Nevill for correction, the printing
has consequently been much delayed.

It is to be regretted that Mr. NevilPs resignation
will prevent any further Parts appearing, until a
qualified person has been found to complete the
work he has so well begun.

JOHN ANDERSON,

Superintendent.

The 25th January 1885.

M36862S

NAMES OF CONTRIBUTORS MENTIONED IN THIS
HAND LIST.

ADAMS : Mr. H. A. Adams, England.

ANCEY : Mr. C. F. Ancey, Marseilles.

ANDEESON : Dr. J. Anderson, F.R.S., Superintendent, Indian Museum.

AEMSTEONG: Dr. J. Armstrong, Marine Survey of India.

BALL : Mr. Valentine Ball, F.R.S., late of the Geological Survey of India,
Director of Museum of Science and Art, Dublin.

BAXTEB : the late Mr. J. B. Baxter.

BEADLE : Reverend E. R. Beadle, Philadelphia.

BEAUFOET: Miss Beaufort.

BEDDOME: Colonel R. H. Beddome, late Conservator of Forests, Madras.

BEBKELEY: Colonel E. S. Berkeley, Port Blair.

BLANFOED : Mr. H. F. Blanford, F.R.S., Meteorological Reporter, Govern-
ment of India.

BLANFOBD : Mr. W. T. Blanford, F.R.S., late Geological Survey of India.

BOUVIEE: Mr. P. Bouvier, Marseilles.

BOWIE : Major M. M. Bowie, Inspector-General, Police and Jails, Nagpore,
Central Provinces.

BEEVIEEE : Mr. P. Breviere.

BEOWN : Mr. W. A. Brown.

BUTLEE: the late Captain John Butler, Political Agent, Naga Hills.

CALDWELL : Mr. J. Caldwell, Mauritius.

CHENNELL: Mr. A. W. Chenuell, Topographical Survey of India.

CLABKE : Mr. G. R. Clarke.

CocKBTJEN: Mr. John Cockburn, Opium Department.

COX : Dr. J. C. Cox, Sydney.

DODGSON : Mr. W. Dodgson.

DOHEN : Dr. H. Dohrn, Stettin, Germany.

DUPONT : Mr, Evenor Dupont, Mauritius.

FAGOT : Mr. P. Fagot.

FAIEBANK : Reverend S. B. Fairbank, Bombay.

FEDDEN : Mr. F. Fedden, Geological Survey of India.

FOLIN : Marquis Leopold de Folin, Biarritz.

FOED : Colonel B. Ford, formerly Superintendent of Port Blair and Nicobars.

FEITSCH : Dr. G. A. Fritsch, Berlin.

GODWIN-AUSTEN : Lieutenant- Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, F.B.S., late
Deputy Superintendent, Topographical Survey of India.

HACZET : Mr. C. A. Racket, Geological Survey of India.

BTTNGEEFOED : Dr, Richard Hungerford, British Medical Service.

BUTTON: the late Captain F. W. Button, Bengal Staff Corps.

IRVING : Mr. C. J. Irving, Auditor General, Straits Settlement.

ISSEL: Professor Arturo Issel, Genoa.

JEBDON: the late Dr. T. C. Jerdon.

JICKELI: Dr. C. F. Jickeli, Wurzburg, Germany.

JOLT : Mr. P. Joly.

KELAAET : the late Dr. E. F. Kelaart, Ceylon.

KINO- : W. King, D. Sc., Deputy Superintendent, Geological Survey.

KUEZ: the late Mr. S. Kurz, Curator of the Herbarium, Botanical Gardens,
Sibpore.

LA.TAED: Mr. E. L. Layard, H.B.M.'s Consul, Noumea.

LAYARD : the late Mr. Frederic Layard.

LEA : Mr. J. Lea.

LEWIS : Captain T. J. Lewis, R.N.R.

LIENABD : Mr. Lienard.

LiMBOEG : Mr. O. Limborg.

MAINWAEING : Major-General G. B. Mainwaring, late Bengal Staff Corps.

MALHEEBE : Mr. A. Malherbe, France.

MAETENS : Dr. Eduard von Martens, Berlin Museum.

MOHEENSTEEN: Baron G. Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

MOEELET: Mr. A. Morelet, Dijon, France.

MUEEAT: Mr. J. A. Murray, Curator, Karachi Museum,

NEVILL: Mr. A. Nevill, Langhani, England.

NEVILL : Mr. G. Nevill, late Indian Museum.

NEVILL : Mr. H. Nevill, Ceylon Civil Service.

NEVILL: Mr. T. F. Nevill.

NEWCOMB : Professor Dr. W. Newcomb, Cornell University, America.

OLDHAM: the late Mr. T. Oldham, LL.D., F.R.S., Superintendent, Geo-
logical Survey of India.

PEAL: Mr. S. E. Peal, Sibsagar, Assam.

PEASE : the late Mr. B. Pease, Honolulu.

PELLT : Miss Pelly.

POWER: Surgeon-Major Power.

KABAN : the late Mr. B. Raban, Bengal Civil Service.

RICHTHOFEN : Professor Baron F. von Richthofen, Berlin.

ROEPSTOEFF : the late Mr. F. A. de Roepstorff, Assistant Superintendent
Andaman Islands.

ROGERS : the late Major Rogers, of Port Blair.

SCHNEIDER : Mr. G. Schneider.

SEMPEE : Professor Dr. C. Semper, Wurzburg, Germany,

Vll

SHEPAED : Professor Shepard.

SHEBWILL : the late Captain Sherwill.

SOWEEBY : the late Mr. G. B. Sowerby, London.

STEAENS : Professor E. C. Stesmis, Washington.

STOLICZKA: the late Mr. R Stoliczkn, Ph. D., Palaeontologist, Geological
Survey of India.

TEMPLE : Captain R. C. Temple, Cantonment Magistrate, Umballa.

THEOBALD : Mr. W. Theobald, late Geological Survey of India.

TONNEEEE : Dr. E. C. Tonnerre, late Health Officer, Calcutta Municipality.

TOWNSEND: Dr. Edmond Townsend, British Medical Service.

TEOSCHEL : the late Professor H. Troschel, Bonn, Germany.

WAENEFOED: Reverend J. Warneford, formerly Chaplain, Port Blair, Anda-
man Islands.

WEBSTEE: Mr. E. Webster, Liverpool.

WEINKATTFF : Dr. H. C. Weinkauff, Kreuznach, Germany.

WILLSON : Mr. J. Willson, Bengal Educational Department.

WILMEE : Major L. W. Wilmer, Her Majesty's 10th Regiment.

WISE : Dr. Wise, Dacca.

WooD-MASON : Mr. J. Wood-Mason, Deputy Superintendent, Indian Museum.
: Mr. A. G. Young, Kulu, Kaugra.

Vlll

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS OF NAMES OF
AUTHORS.

AD. = Adams.

ANTH. = Anthony.

BENS, or Bs. = Benson.

BLF. = Blanford.

BOTJEGK = Bourguignat.

BEOC. = Brocchi.

BEUG. = Bruguiere.

BETJM. = Brumati.

CAEP. or CPB. = Carpenter.

CHAEP. = Charpentier.

CLES. = Clessin.

CE. & F. = Crosse & Fischer.

DESH. = Deshayes.

DESM. = Desraoulins.

DEE. = Danker.

DEAP. = Draparnaud.

DYB.= Dyhowski.

EYD. & SOUL. = Eydoux and Soule-

yet.

FABE. = Fabricius.
FEE. = Ferussac.
FE. = von Frauenfeld.
G.- AUST. = Godwin- A usteii.
GEEST. = Gerstfeld.
GLD. = Gould.
GM. = Gmelin.
GEEDL. = Gredler.
GEIFF.= Griffith.
HALD. = Haldemanu.

JEF. = Jeffreys.
LAM. = Lainarck.
LAY. =• Layard.

LESS. = LESSON.
LIN »=Liun8eus.

Lov =Loven.

MHLF. = Muhlfeld.

MiCH. = Michaud.

MONTEE. = Monterosato.

MOE. or MoEL. = Morelet.

Mous. or Mss. = Mousson.

Miiller.
. = Nevill.

NEWC. = Newcomb.
NILSS. = Nilsson.
OEB. = d'Orbigny.
PALAD. = Paladilhe.
PAEE. = Parreyss.
PAYE. = Payrandeau.
= Pfeiffer.
= Philippi.
RAF. = Rafinesque.
RECL.= Recluz.
Rossar. = Rossmassler.
Rv. = Reeve.
SCHW. = Schwartz von Mohren-

stern.

SDB. = Sandberger.
SHUT. = Shuttleworth.
SOUL. = Souleyet.
Souv. = Souverbie.
Sow. = Sowerby.
STOL.=Stoliczka.
Sw. = Swainson.
T.-CANEFBi = Tapparone-Cane-

fri.

THEOB. or TH. = Theobald.
TEIST. = Tristram.
TEOSCH. = Troschel.
VAI*. •» Valenciennes.

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

PJLGB
I.— SUB-CLASS GASTROPODA.

II. — Order PBOSOBBANCHIA.
II. — Sub-Order CTENOBBANCHIA.

I. — Group TAENIOGLOSSA.

Section A. Holostoma —
Family Ampullariidse
Genus Ampullaria
Sub-Genus Pomus
„ Saulea
Genus Marisa .
,, Lanistes .
Family Valvatidge
Genus Valvata .
Sub-Genus Lyogyrus
Genus Heterocyclus
Family Paludinidse
Genus Larina .
,, Paludina
Sub-Genus Lioplax
„ Tulostoma
„ Campeloma
Genus Cleopatra
„ Margarya
„ Neothauma
Sub-Family Benedictiinae
Genus Benedictia
Sub-Family Bythiniinse
Genus Bythinia
Sub-Genus Fossarulus

„ Hydrobioides
Genus Stenothyra
Family Rissoidse
Sub-Family Hydrobiinse
Genus Hydrobia
Sub-Genus Bythinella
„ Tryonia .
„ Pseudamnicola
Genus Amnicola
Sub-Genus Pomatopyrgus
Genus Cochlippa
„ Fluminicola
Gillia .

1
1
8
13
13
13
15
15
17
17
18
18
18
31
32
32
33
33
33
34
34
34
34
42
42
42
46
46
46
49
55
55
56
57
58
58
59

Genus Somatogyrus

„ Lithoglyphus
Sub-Genus Spekia
„ Jullienia
„ Lacunopsis
Genus Emmericia

„ Pachydrobia

„ Hemistomia

„ Tricula .

„ Baikalia .

,, Trachybaikalia
Sub-Family Skeneinae
Genus Skenea .
Sub-Family Pomatiopsinse
Genus Pomatiopsis
Sub-Family Assimineinse
Genus Assiminea
Sub-Family Eissoininae
Genus Rissoina .
Sub-Genus Iravadia .
„ Issel ella .
Genus Fairbank a

„ Folinia

„ Rissoa

„ Alvania

„ Fenella

„ Onoba
Sub-Genus Ceratia

Hyala .
Genus Amphithalmus

„ Cingula .
Sub-Genus Putilla
Genus Setia

„ Nevillia .

„ Eatoniella

„ Crossea .

„ Anabathron

„ Scaliola .

„ Microstelma ,
Corena .

Family Heterophrosynidaa
Genus JefFreysia
„ Barleeia .

PA OB

59

59

61

61

61

61

62

62

62

62

63

63

63

63

63

64

64

73

73

97

98

99

100

100

105

113

119

121

121

123

124

126

127

129

129

129

130

130

132

132

132

133

133

134

INDEX.

Family LittorinidsB .
Genus Littorina
Sub-Genus Tectus

„ Echinella .
Genus Limnotrochus .

„ Plesiotrochus .
Sub-Family Fossarinaa
Genus Kisella .
Sub-Genus Feasiella .
Genus Phaneta .

„ k Fossar

Sub-Genus Couthouyia
Genus Conradia
Sub-Genus Gottoina .
Genus Raulinia .

„ Cithna .

„ Isapis

„ Fossarina .
Sub-Family Lacuninse
Genus Cremnoconchus

„ Stenotis .

„ Lacuna .

„ Modulus .
Family PlanaxidaB
Sub-Family Litiopinse
Genus Litiopa .

„ Styliferina

„ Diala .

„ Alaba

„ Planaxis .

„ Quoyia .

„ Holcostoma
Family Melaniidse
Sub-Family Ceriphasinaa
Genus lo . .

„ Pleurocera
Sub-Genus Strephobasis
Genus Goniobasis
Sub-Genus Schizostoma

PAOB

PAGB

135

Sub-Genus Meseschiza

202

135

Genus Anculosa

202

155

Sub-Genus Eurycaelon

205

157

Genus Lithasia .

205

157

Sub-Genus Angitrema

205

157

Sub-Family Melaniinse

206

158

Genus Melanopsis

206

158

Sub-Genus Pseudhemisinus •

214

159

Genus Hemisinus

215

162

„ Doryssa .

216

162

„ Faunus .

217

166

Sub-Genus Melanatria

218

168

Genus Pirenopsis

218

170

„ Claviger .

219

170

„ Lartetia .

219

170

„ Oncomelania .

219

171

„ Tiphobia

219

171

„ Pyrgula .

220

172

„ Moitessieria

220

172

„ Lhotellieria

2^0

173

„ Paladilhia

220

173

„ Bugesia .

221

175

„ Melania .

221

177

Sub-Genus Striatella .

231

177

„ Melanoides

248

177

„ Sulcospii'a

266

178

„ Nigritella .

268

179

,, Pachychilus

268

181

„ Acrostoma

270

184,

„ Melanella .

271

193

„ Paramelania

272

193

„ Tarebia .

272

193

„ Tiara

278

193

„ Plotia

280

194

„ Mainwaringia

286

194

Sub-Kamily PaludominsB

287

196

Genus Paludomns

287

196

Sub-Genus Philopotamis

297

202

, Tanalia

301

MOLLUSCA.

II. ORDER PROSOBRANCHIA.

2. SUB-ORDER CTENOBRANCHIA, Schweigger.

[Pectinobranchia, Guvier].
1. Group TAENIOGLOSSA, Gray.

SECTION A .—-HOLDS TOM A, Blainville.

1. Family AMPULLARIID^E, Guilding.

GENUS AMPULLAKIA, Lamarck.

Prod. 1799 and Syst. anim. sans vert. 1801, type Helix ampullacea,
Linn.

1. Ampullaria globosa.

Ampullaria globosa, Swainson, Zool. III. 1822, " Indian Rivers" ;
Ampullaria orbata, March, [as " of Perry 1811 "] ; from Bangkok, fide
Morelet ; fide Martens, Mai. 31. 1857: alt. 74, diam. 78 mil.

3 Jamalpur and Gopalpur ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

50 Calcutta, Pt. Canning, Raniganj and Dacca; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka,
J. Willson and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

4 Allahabad ; coll. Major L. W. Wilmer and J. Cockburn, Esq.
7 Sambalpur, Central Provinces ; coll. Colonel M. M. Bowie.

5 Manbhum ; coll. V. Ball, Esq.

11 Dum-Duin; coll. Major L. W. Wilmer.

1 Kusiara River, above Panchuganj, Sylhet; coll. J. Wood-Mason,
Esq.

This last specimen is very interesting, as it was found im-
mediately associated with A. maura ! Calcutta pecimens usually

2 AMPULLARIIDJ!.

have a yellow peristome, sometimes of deep orange or crimson
colour, and occasionally of a pure white !

subvar. sinistrorsa, nov.
Cat, Moll. Fasc. E, July 1877, p. 2, Calcutta.

1 Botanical Gardens, Calcutta; coll. Dr. J. Anderson (45,

1 Loc. ? ; ex c. Asiatic Soc. Bengal [labelled "Mauritius"].

var. minor.

Ampullaria globosa, var. minor, Nevill, Cat. Moll. Fasc. E, 1877, Dum-
Dwm : long. 36, d. 30% mil.

8 Dum-Dum, nr. Calcutta (type var.); coll. Major L. W. Wilmer.

2 Siliguri ; coll. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring.

var. incrassatula.

Ampullaria globosa, var. incrassatula, Nevill, Cat. Moll. Fasc. E, 1877,
Calcutta and Dum-Dum : long. 32, d. 28\ mil.

10 Calcutta (type var.); coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
4 Dum-Uum; coll. Major L. W. Wilmer.

var. corrugata.

Ampullaria corrugata, Swainson, Zool. III. 1822, " India ;" fide Hanley,
Syst. List, Con. Indica ? ; = A. hepataria, Rv.

subvar. longispira.

Long. 68, diam. 63 mil.; rugosely malleated, perist. of a
pale yellow colour.

1 Benares ; coll. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring.

subvar.
Con. Indica, pi. 113, fig. 2, Loc. ?.

3 Loc. ? ; ex c. Asiatic Soc. Bengal and Dr. F. Stoliczka.

subvar.
Ampullaria globosa, var. Reeve, Icon. 1856, fig. 46.

4 Assam [?] ; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham.

Smooth and polished, with light yellow coloured peristome.
Long. 58, diam. 55 mil.

AMPULLARIID^!. 3

subspecies carinata.

Arapullaria carinata, Swainson, Zool. III. II, 1831, "India"; var. = A,
paludinoides, Conch. — Cab. II, 1851, Mangalore [not of Crist, and Jan],

2 Red Hill Lake, Madras; ex c. Madras Museum (55, 53|).
2 Kadapa, Madras Pres. ; ex c. Dr. Stoliczka.
8 Madras ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
5 Calcutta ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
1 Loc. ? ; ex c. Asiatic Soc., Bengal.

subvar. sinistrorsa, nov.
1 Madras; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. (38, 32).

var. malabarica.

Ampullaria malabarica, PMlippi, Zeits. Mai. 1848, Madras.

7 Madras and Cuddalore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and Colonel Beddonie.

These specimens resemble Con. Indica, PI. 114, fig. 2 ["A.
"'

var. layardi.

Ampullaria Layardi, Reeve, Icon. 1856, Ceylon.

30 Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
4 Ceylon ; coll. E. L. Layard, Esq. [A. S. B.].
2 Loc. ? ; ex c. Asiatic Soc., Bengal.

Well represented by Con. Indica, PI. 114, fig. 4 ["A. laii-

subvar. virens.

? Ampullaria virens, Lamarck, Hist. VI, 1822, Hob. ?
1 Kollam ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome.

Most closely resembling the preceding Ceylon form ; cari-
nation at suture obsolete. Near Kiister's PI. 8, fig. 2 ["A.

virens"~\.

2. Ampullaria nux.
Ampullaria nux, Reeve, Icon. 1856, " Bombay"

8 Khandala, Bbore Ghat, Bombay ; coll. W. T Blanford, Esq., and Rev.
S. B. Fairbank.

4 AHPULLARIHXE.

var. (? n. sp.)
9 Tranquebar (?) j coll. Capt. Lewis (A. S. B.).

3. Ampullaria maura.

Ampullaria maura, Reeve, Icon. 1856, Loc. ?.

30 Tezpur, &c. (Assam) ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

30 Sibsagar and Gauhati, Assam ; coll. S. E. Peal, Esq., and Museum
Collector.

2 Darrang and Narainpur, Assam ; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin- Austen.

Long. 53, diam. 49 mil.

30 Silchar and Silcuri, Cachar ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.

5 Kusiara River above Panchuganj, Sylhetj coll. J. Wood-Mason,

Esq.

var. theobaldi.

Ampullaria Theobaldi, Hartley, Con. Indica, 1875, pi. 115, Loo. ?, and
P. Z. S. 1875, Bhamo.

12 Bham6 ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson (long. 52, diam. 53|).
Apparently none of them quite adult !

4. Ampullaria aperta.

Ampullaria aperta, PMlippi, Zeits. Mai. 1849, Loc. ? ; spec, juv., Con.
Indica, pi. 115, fig. 4, as "A. saxea, var., Pegu."

3 Pegu; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

6 Akyab ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

2 Poungday, Prome Distr. ; coll. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring.

These specimens agree with Con. Indica, PI. 115, fig. 4.
var. saxea.

Ampullaria saxea, Reeve, Icon. 1856, fig* 108, Loc.?; Con. Indica, pi. 118,
jig. 3, as " A. saxea. "

1 Bassein j coll. W. Theobald, Esq.

var.

? Ampullaria olea, Reeve, Icon., Jiff. 102, Hal. ?; Con. Indica, System. List,
1876.

3 Cachar (juv.) ; ex c, Dr. F. Stoliczka.

5. Ampullaria conica.

Ampullaria conica, Gray, Wood's Index Test. Sup. 1828, and Hanley,
Conch. Misc., pi. Ill, jig. 13 ; = A. scutata, Mousson, Moll. Java, 1849
[not of Phil.~\ ; fide Martens, var. = A., javanica, Bv. 1856 ; from Cam-
bodia fide Morelet.

10 Moulmain ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen and Dr. F. Stoliczka.

11 Akyab; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

var. expansa.

Ampullaria conica, var. expansa, G. Nevill, Cat. Moll. Fasc. IE. 1877, Pegu ;
= A. paludinoides, Con. Indica, pi. 114, fig. 5 [not of PMlippi or
Crist, and Jan].

7 Pegu (type var.) ; coll. W. Theobald, Esq.

3 Tenasserim (?) ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
1 Mandalay (?); ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

var. compacta.

Ampullaria compacta, Reeve, Icon. 1856, fig s. 62 and 71, Malacca.

5 Tenasserim Prov. ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and Mr. Ossian Limborg.

8 Mandalay; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

var. orient alls.

Ampullaria orientalis, PJiilippi, Zeits. Mai. 1848, " China ? " ; = A. scutata,
Phil., Conch. — Cab. II, pi. I, figs. 4—5 [not of Mousson].

4 China; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. [as "A. paludinoides""].
1 Canton ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen.

3 Bassein, Arakan ; coll. W. T. Blanf ord, Esq.

1 Loc. ? ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

var. borneensis.

Ampullaria borneensis, Philippi, Conch. — Cab. II, 1851, Borneo; fide
Morelet, A. borneensis from Bangkok : alt. 45 to 63, diam. 37 to 53 mil.

2 Singapore ; coll. C. J. Irving, Esq.

3 Borneo Straits ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

6. Ampullaria ampullacea.

Helix ampullacea, Linnaeus9 Mus. Ulrica, 1764; fide Martens, = A.cele-
bensis, Quoy, 1832; = A. sumatrensis, Phil., Conch. — Cab. II, 1851 ;
= A. magnifica, DJcr., Conch. — Cab. II, Java.

6 AMPULLAllIID^l.

var. javensis, nov.

Atnpullaria celebensis, Mousson, Moll. Java, pi. I, fig. 1, alt. 80, diam.
72 mil., and Conch.— Cab. II, pi. XIX, fig. 3, Java, [not of Quoy\.

1 Java; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen.

This Javanese form differs from Quoy's species by the less
produced spire, the more everted aperture, and the more distant
and irregular spiral black lines, &c. — Alt. 63, diam. 56 mil.,
agreeing exactly with the above-quoted figure in Conch. — Cab. II.

7. Ampullaria turbinis.

Ampullaria turbinis, Lea, Journ. Acad. PJiilad. VI, 1856, Siam and Obs. XI,
pi. 22, fig. 2; from Battambang in Cambodia: alt. 80, diam. 77 mil.,
fide Morelet, Ser. Con. IV.

1 Cambodia (spec, juv.) ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

Lea describes his species as " scarcely perforate" ; his figure
appears quite imperforate. Morelet, Z. c., describes Cambodian
specimens as having a large and deep umbilical perforation. He
further notices two distinct forms, — one without bands, the other
banded, with the bands ceasing abruptly a short distance
before the peristome ; the former seems to agree with my var.
subglobosa, the latter with my var. subampullacea.

var. subglobosa, nov.
4 Java (?) ; coll, Baron F. von Richthofen.

Alt. 70 J, diam. 69 J mil. A form with uniform green epider-
mis, not banded, with white peristome and remarkably depressed
and flattened spire, unlike any figure I can find. Possibly
from Siam, and if so, probably the form called A. celebensis by
von Martens, and A. turbinis by Morelet.

var subampullacea, nov.

2 Perak ; coll. Ed. Townsend, Esq.

Alt. 75, diam. 68 mil. Fairly represented by PI. 19, fig. 1,
Conch. — Cab. II, " A. sumatrensis, Phil.'*, but more " turbi-
nate" — that is, the body whorl more angularly swollen above —
consequently, not so convexly rounded ; the umbilicus, coloured
peristome, and spiral purple bands exactly resemble those of
the figure. I gave a third specimen of this form to Monsieur
H. Crosse.

AMPULLARIID^l. 7

8. Ampullaria gracilis.

Ampullaria gracilis, Lea, Journ. Acad. Philad. VI, 1856, Siam; also from
Cambodia, J. de C. 1877.

I Siain > ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

9. Ampullaria stoliczkana.

Ampullaria Stoliczkana, G. Nevill, Cat. Moll. Fasc. E, 1877, Penang,
alt. 54, d. 41 mil., and Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1881, pi. VI, jig. 11.
6 Penang (type) ; coll. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

Two are full-grown, and four young.
10. Ampullaria polita.

Ampullaria polita, Deshayes, Enc. Meth. II, 2830, Loo. ? ; fide Moussonfrom
Java ; fide Martens from Manila and ? = A. lubrica, Rv. : fide Morelet,
alt. 95, diam. 66 — another alt. 55, d. 42 mil., and also monstrosity = A.
pagoda, Morelet, J. de C. 1865.

1 Cambodia ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

var. compressa, nov.
Long. 60, diam. 44J mil.

2 Cochin.China; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

var.
Conf. Reeve, Icon., Jig. 35, Pt. Jackson.

1 Loc. ? ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

11. Ampullaria dolioides.

Ampullaria dolioides, Reeve, Icon. 1856, fig. 75, Bombay ; fide Hanley, A.
dolioides, Rv. is from S. America (?).

1 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. (46, 41).

12. Ampullaria moesta.

Ampullaria moesta, Reeve, Icon. 1856, fig. 92, Ceylon ; fide Morelet ?
= Af borneensis, Phil. var.

4 Balapiti, Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

8 AMPULLAEIID^J.

13. Ampullaria lubrica.

Ampullaria lubrica, Reeve, Icon. Jig. 161, 1856, Loc. ?.

6 Luzon; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

Scarcely umbilicate, of sombre green colouration. Perhaps
an extreme var. of A. luzonica, Rv. ?

14. Ampullaria ovata.

Ampullaria ovata, Olivier, Voy. Emp. OHom. 1804, Lake Mareotis : fide
Bourg., alt. 60, diam. 44 — apert. long. 42, diam. 27 mil.

1 Oasis of Farafra, Egypt; ex c. Dr. C. F. Jickeli ("coll. Rholfs ").

Long. 47, diam. 37J ; apert. alt. 29f , lat. 22 mil.

Resembles M. Bourguignat's PI. X, fig. 11, Moll. nouv. &c. ;
but the spire is even more acutely produced and the aperture
smaller.

15. Ampullaria cecillei.

Ampullaria Cecillei, Philippi, Zeits. Mai. 1848, p. 191, Madagascar; =A,
inops, Morelet, Rev. Zool. 1851.

2 Madagascar; ex c, A. Morelet, Esq.

16. Ampullaria hanleyi.

Ampullaria Hanleyi, "Reeve, Icon. 1856, fig. 118, Loc. ?; fide Tristram,
P. Z. S. 1863, as "A. adusta, Rv. = sordida, Sow." ; fide Martens, A.
hanleyi, Rv. is from S. America (?).

7 Ranomafana, Madagascar; coll. J. Caldwell, Esq.

var. ( ? distinct species).
? A. simplex, Reeve, fig. 98, Loc. ?.

1 Madagascar; ex c. E. Dupont, Esq.

17. Ampullaria speciosa.

Ampullaria speciosa, Philippi, Zeits. Mai. 1849, p. 18, Zanzibar ; Conch.*
Cab. II, pi. 11, fig. 2.

1 Locality ? ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

Sub-Genus POMUS, Humpfrey.

Cat. Mus. Calonnianum, 1797, and of Mo'rch, Cat. Toldi, 1852, type Nerita
urceus, Miiller ; sect. = Asolene, Orb., Voy. Amer. Merid. 1839, type
A. platae, Maton (as A. natiooides).

AMPULLARIID^. 9

18. Ampullaria (Pomus) hopetonensis.

Ampullaria hopetonensis, Lea, Trans. Phil. Soc. V, 1839, pi XIX, fig.
84, Hopetown, Georgia ( ? not of Eeeve or Philippi) ; = A. depressa, Say,
1824 (not of Lam. 1822, as " Natica depressa ") ; = A. paludosa, Say, N.
H. Diss. II, 1840.

2 Georgia (typical ?) ; coll. Prof. Shepard.

19. Ampullaria (Pomus) reflexa.

Ampullaria reflexa, Swainson, Tilloch's Phil. Mag. LXI, p. 377; var. ?= A.
fiagellata, Say, N. jET. Dissem. II, 1840, Vera Cruz.

3 Carthagena ; coll. Rev. E. R, Beadle (as " A. fiagellata, Say").

Fide Strebel, 1873, A.flagellata, Say = malleata, Jonas =
reflexa, Sw. = violacea, Yal.

20. Ampullaria (Pomus) hondurasensis.
Ampullaria hondurasensis, Reeve, Icon. fig. 15, 1856, Honduras.

1 Guatemala; coll. A. Morclet, Esq. (as "A. reflexa").
1 Loc. ? ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

21. Ampullaria (Pomus) gigas.

Ampullaria gigas, Spix, Test. Sras. 1827, pi. I, fig. 1; Conch. — Cab. II, pi.
XIV, fig. 1 ; = A. insularum, Orb. 1839 ; ? = A. canaliculata, Lam.
1822 ; fide Martens = A. haustrum and A. immersa, Reeve.

1 Rio Plata; ex c. A.Morelet, Esq. (as "A. insularum, Orb/').

var. minor.

Orbigny, 1. c., pi. L, figs. 5 — 6, as "A. canaliculata, Lam. var." (not A.
canaliculata, Delessert, as " of Lam., Guadeloupe .").

1 Rio Parana ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. (sent as " A. canaliculata, Lam.*').

22. Ampullaria (Pomus) fasciata.

Ampullaria fasciata, Lamarck, Hist. An. s. vert. VI, 1822, " I'Inde, des
Moluques et des Antilles ; " conf. Conch. — Cab. II, pi. XX, fig. 1.

1 Cuba ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

23. Ampullaria (Pomus) australis.

Ampullaria australis, d'Orligny, Voy. Amer. Merid. 1839, pi. LI, figs. 3 — 4.

1 South America; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

10 AMPULLAEIID^l.

24. Ampullaria (Pomus) adust a.

Ampullaria adusta, Reeve, Icon. 1856, Jiff. 11, Loo, ? (not of Tristram, P.
Z. S. 1863).

1 South America ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

25. Ampullaria (Pomus) urceus.

Nerita urceus, Midler, Hist. Verm. 1774, p. 174,&s " in insulis India edulis."

1 South America; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.
1 New Granada ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

26. Ampullaria (Pomus) testudinea.

Ampullaria testudinea, Reeve, Icon. 1856, Jig. 114, Loc. ?; Jide Martens,
should be A.Jigulina, Spix.

1 Kv. Amazon ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. (as " A. testudinea ").
1 South America ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

Reeve's fig. 75, " A. dolioides" is very close to this latter.
Spix's fig. of A. figulina is very bad ; it seems to me it can
hardly be this species !

27. Ampullaria (Pomus) martensiana, n. sp,

A. columbiensis, [/Sow. Ms.'] Reeve, Icon. 1856, Jig. 25 and Nevill, Cat.
Fasc.IE,p.l6 ; not A. columbiensis, [Sow. Ms.~\ Philippi, Conch. — Cab.
II, 1851, pi. V, Jig. 5.

1 S. America ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

28. Ampullaria (Pomus) cumingi.

Ampullaria Cunaingii, King, Zool. Jour. I7, p. 344, Taboga, Panama.

1 Panama; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn.

Exactly intermediate in size between Reeve's large form and
the smaller one of Conch. — Cab. ; alt. 31J, diam. 29J mil.

29. Ampullaria (Pomus) decussata.

Ampullaria decussata, Moricand, Mem, Soc. Phys* Gfneve, VII, 1836,
Brazil.

2 Brazil; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn.
Neither quite adult.

11

30. Ampullaria (Pomus) crassa.

Ampullaria crassa, Swainson, Zool. III. I, Vol. Ill, 1822, Loc. ? ; Reeve,
fig. 5, Brazil.

1 Ecuador ; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn.

Agrees with Reeve's fig. 5, only a little smaller and colu-
mella less straight.

var. oblonga.
Near Reeve's fig. 106, as " A. crassa, oblong convoluted var."

1 Brazil; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb (sent as " A. spixi").
4 Amazon Rv. j ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb (as "A. nubila").

Alt. 22J, diam. 19f mil. — Imperforate, intermediate between
Reeve's figs. 5 and 106 as regards convexity of the whorls and
height of the spire. I cannot detect the slightest difference
between Dr. Newcomb's specimens, and I believe they must
have come from one locality ; they do not in the least resemble
A. nubila or A. spixi !

31. Ampullaria (Pomus) platse.

An>pullaria Plata?, Maton, Trans. Lin. Soc., 1809, R. Plata ;=A. naticoides,
Orb. 1835 ; sect. Asolene.

1 Rio Plata ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

32. Ampullaria (Pomus) pulchella.

Ampullaria pulchella, Anton, Verz. Conch. 1839, [sine Hab.] ;=A.
roissyi, Orb. 1839.

3 Rio Plata; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

2 Rio Plata ; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn (as " A. platce ").

33. Ampullaria (Pomus) elegans.

Ampullaria elegans, d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid., 1839, Bolivia, fyc.;=
A. peristomata, Orb. 1835.

4 Bolivia ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.
The above are all decollated.

1 Brazil ; ex c . Prof. W. Newcomb (as " A. spixii ").

AMPULLARIIDJJ.

34. Ampullaria (Pomus) sordida.

Ampullaria sordida, Swainson, Zool. III. I, Pol. Ill, 1822, pi. 142 ; Reeve,
Icon. fig. 72, 5. Plata.

2 South America; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

35. Ampullaria (Pomus) scalaris.

Ampullaria scalaris, d'Orligny, Voy. Amer. Merid. 1839, pi. 50, fig. 1 — 3.
B Bolivia; ex c. Prof. E. C. Stearns (as "A. canalis, Orb.").

36. Ampullaria (Pomus) nubila.

Ampullaria nubila, Reeve, Icon. 1856, fig. 65, Rv. Solomoens.

I South America ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. (33, 27).

37. Ampullaria (Pomus) erronea.

Ampullaria erronea, G. Nevill, Cat. Moll. Fasc. E, 1877 ; Reeve, figs. 90
$ 91, as " A. aperta" [not of PMl.~].

1 South America [type] ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

38. Ampullaria (Pomus) glauea.

Helix glauea, Linnceus, Mus. Ulr.1764, p. 667 ; Conch.— Cab. II, pi. XII,
fiff.4-

3 South America; ex c. As. Soc., Bengal, and G. Nevill, Esq.

var. guianensis.

Ampullaria guyanensis, Lamarck, Hist. an. s. Vert. PI, 1822, " la Guyane ; ''
Reeve, fig. 85.

1 British guiana ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. (as " A. guianensis ").

var. crocostoma.

Ampullaria crocostoma, Philippi, Conch. — Cab. II, 1851, pi. 12, fig. 3,
Caracas ; distinct species fide Martens.

2 Caracas; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. (as "A. effitsa ").

39. Ampullaria (Pomus) geveana.

Ampullaria geveanensis, Deshayes, Lam. Hist. VIII, 1838, p. 541, Loc. ?;
emend. Phil., Conch.— Cab. II, 1851, pi. VII, fig. 7.

1 South America; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

AMPULLAllIID^. 13

Sub-Genus SAULEA, Gray.
Proc. ZooL Soc. 1867, type Helix vitrea, Born.

40. Ampullaria (Saulea) vitrea.

Helix vitrea, Born, Index Mus. vindob. 1778.
4 Liberia; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn.

Genus MARISA, Gray.

Phil. Mag., vol. 63, 1824, p. 274; = Ceratodes, Oruilding, Zool. Journ.III,
1828.

1. Marisa cornu-arietis.

Helix cornu-arietis, Linnceus, Syst. Nat. X 1758; Conch.— Cab. II,
pi. XVIII, jig. 1, R. Parana.

1 Loc. ? ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka (labelled " Senegal ")•

2. Marisa ehiquitensis.

Ampullaria chiquitensis, d' Orbigny, Toy. Amer. Merid. 1839, Chiquitos in
Bolivia, pi. 48, figs. 10-11.

I Bolivia ; ex c. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

var. (? M. rotula, Mous.)
1 N. Grenada ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

The last whorl does not increase in breadth near the peris-
tome, as in the typical form.

Genus LANISTES, Montfort.

Conch. Syst. 1810, p. 122, type Helix bolteniana, Chemnitz, not of Humpfrey,
Mus. Calonnianum, 1797, type Mytilus discors, Lin. [insufficiently de-
scribed']; sect . = Meladomus, Swainson, Treat. Malac. 1840, p. 340, type
Paludina olivacea, Sow.

1. Lanistes boltenianus.

Helix Bolteniana, Chemnitz, Conch. — Cab. I, Vol. IX, 1786, p. 89 ; = Cyclo-
stoma carinatum, Olivier, T^oy. 1804 ; = Lanistes olivieri, Mtf. 1810;
Conch — Cab. II, pi. 6, fig. 4.

3 Locality ? ; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal.

14> AMPULLARIIRE.

var. bicarinata.

2 Birket Kurak; coll. Dr. G. Fritsch.
I Locality ? ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

var. depressa.

Conch.— Cab, II, pi. 6, Jig. 5 \_juv.~].
1 Dongola ; coll. Dr. G, Fritsch.

2. Lanistes guinaicus.

Cochlea guinaica, Chemnitz, Conch. — Cab. I, Vol. IX, p. 8, 1786, Rv. Volta.

1 Lagos, W. Africa ; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn.

3. Lanistes plicosus.

Lanistes plicosus, von Martens, Nov. Conch. V. 1878, pi. 156, figs- 3-5, Loc. ?;
sect. Meladomus.

1 Loc. ? ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

4. Lanistes ovum.

Lanistes ovum, [Peters} Troschel, Arch. Naturg. 1835, p. 215, Mozambique,
long. 1\ zoll.; sect Meladomus.

1 Africa ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

5. Lanistes purpureus.

Lanistes purpureus, Jonas, Arch. Naturg. 1839, p. 242, [emend. Trosch.
1845, Madagascar] ; «= Bulimus tristis, Jay, Cat. 1839, Zanzibar ; sect.
Meladomus.

3 Loc. ? ; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal.

1 Zanzibar ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. (as " L. tristis, Jay ").

6. Lanistes libycus.

Ampullaria Libyca, Morelet, Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 354, Gabon; sect. Mela-
domus.

1 C6te de Guinee ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

VALVAT1RE. 15

2. Family YALYATID^, Gray.

Genus VALYATA, Mutter.

Hist. Verm. II, p. 198, 1774, type V. cristata, Mull. ; sect. Tropidina,
H. and A* Ad., type V. tricarinata, Lesueur ; sect. Cincinna, Hubner
(fide MorcK), type Nerita piscinalis, Mull. [ = Valvatinella, Betta,
1870'] ; sect. JelsJcia, Bourg., Syst. JEurop. Sfc.y 1877, type Valvata jelskii,
Crosse, J. de C. 1863, Rv. Dnieper.

1. Valvata cristata.

Valvata cristata, Mutter, Hist. Verm. 1774, Denmark.

4 Middlesex ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

6 Bayonne ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

1 Aix-les- Bains; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

2. Valvata piscinalis.

Nerita piscinalis, Mutter, Hist. Verm. 1774, Denmark ; = V. tolosana,
Saint Simon, Ann. Malac., 1870, Toulouse, alt. 4, diam. 5 m. ; sinistral
var. Jef., Ann. and Mag. 1878, Sunbury and vars. subcylindrica from
Grassmere and acuminata from Bristol and Dublin ; var, = V. depressa,
C. Pfr.; sect. Cincinna.

3 England ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

10 Bayonne ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

6 Pyrniont, Germany ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
30 Pangong Lake, Ladak ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

4 Kashmir ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

7 Canal du Fresquel, Aude: coll. P. Fagot, Esq. (as " V. tolosana ").

I find it impossible to separate these typical specimens of
V. tolosana, from ordinary V. piscinalis, even as a variety.

1 Lake Alakul, Siberia; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn.

3. Valvata contorta.

Nerita contorta, Mutter, Hist, Verm. 1774, Denmark.

11 Laacher See, Rhineland; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

8 Aix-les-Bains ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

A smaller form than the preceding.

16 VALVATIDJJ,

4. Valvata stoliczkana.

Valvata stoliczkana, G. Nevill, Moll. Miss. Ydrkand, 1878, figs. 34—36,
Ydrkand.

30 Yarkand (type) ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

Exceedingly close to V. macrostoma, Stein, possibly only a
variety ; distinguished by being a little more depressed, with
more open umbilicus, &c.

5. Valvata alpestris.

Valvata alpestris, Blauner, Ms., Ktister, Conch. — Cal. II, 1852, pi. 14, figs.
7—8, Qrindelwald.

1 Aix-les-Bains ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

Perhaps better classed as a var. of V. piscinalis ! In any
case, a well marked form !

12 Tirol ; coll. P. Bouvier, Esq. and P. Joly, Esq.

6. Valvata eximia.

Valvata eximia, Servain, Moll. Espagne, 1880, Badajoz : alt. 4, diam. 5 mil.
20 Burgos j coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

7. Valvata virens.

Valvata virens, Try on, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, pi. I, fig. 7, California.
18 Clear Lake, California; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

8. Valvata tricarinata.

Cyclostoma tricarinatum, Lesueur, Ms., Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. 1, 1817,
Ro. Delaware: sect. Tropidina.

30 New- York ; ex c. Revd. E. R. Beadle and Prof. W. Newcomb.

var. unicarinata.

Valvata unicarinatuin, De Kay, New-York Moll. 1840.
12 New- York ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.

9. Valvata sincera.

Valvata sincera, Say, Keating's, Narr. Long's Exp. II, App. 1824, North-
West Territory ; fide Newc. = V. humerosa, Tryon.

6 California ; ex c. Prof. W, Newcomb.

VALVAT1D2E. 17

10. Valvata macrostoma.

Valvata macrostoma, Stein, Conch. Berlin, 1850.
1 Berlin ; ex " Linnsea."

11. Valvata saulcyi.

Valvata Saulcyi, Bourguignat, Cat. MolL coll. Saulcy, 1853, Damascus.
4 Damascus ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

12. Valvata petiti.

Valvata Petiti, Crosse, J. de C, 1872, " cum Glyptophysa petiti, in lacu
regionis — Grande Vallee des Kaor is— dicta, N. Caled. merid."
1 New Caledonia; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

13. Valvata (?) microscopica.

Valvata? microscopica, G. Nevill, Cat. Moll. Fasc. E, 1877, Ft. Canning —
diam. 1\ mil.

12 Port Canning (type); coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

15 Port Canning; coll. Colonel G. B. Maiuwaring.

14. Valvata (?), n. sp,

3 E. of Pamir Kul, Central Asia ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

There are in the Museum five larval cases belonging to the
Fam. Phyganidce from New Zealand having all the appearance
of a species of Valvata I Also twelve of another species from
South India, sent by Colonel Beddonae, and five from Port
Mahon presented by Mons. Joly !

Sub-Genus LYOGYRUS, Gill.
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, type V. pupoidea, Q-ld.

15. Valvata (Lyogyrus) pupoidea.

Valvata pupoidea, Gould, Amer. Journ. Sci., 1 Ser. Vol. XXXVIII, 1840,
Massachusetts.

3 Loc. ? ; ex Mr. Sowerby (c. Lombe Taylor).

Genus (?) HETEROCYCLUS, Grosse.
J. de C. 1872, type H. perroquini, Crosse.

1. Heterocyclus perroquini.

Heterocyclus Perroquini, Crosse, J. de C. 1872, " Baie de Sud," N. Cale-
donia.

4 New Caledonia; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

18 PALUDINIOE.

3. Family PALUDINIDJG, Gray.

Grenus LARINA, A. Adams.

P. Zool. Soo. 1854, p. 41, and Gen. Moll. p. 624, type L. strangei, A. Ad.;
Nevill (Operculum described, <f-c.), Cat. Fasc. E, p. 22 ; = Robinsonia,
H. Nevill, Proc. Ceylon Asiat. Soc., 1869, type R. ceylonica, Nev. and of
G. and H. Nevill, J. A. S. _B. 1869.

1. Larina burmana.

Larina ? Burmana, W. T. Slanford, Journ. Asiat. Soc., Hengal, 1866,
Irawady Delta ; Nevill, Cat. Fasc. E, p. 23 ; var. ? = Robinsonia ceylo-
nica, H. Nevill, 1869.

4 Rangoon River; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

1 Port Canning; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.

2. Larina cincta.

Larina cincta, Or. Nevill, Cat. Moll. Fasc. E, 1877, Pooree: alt. 5$, diam.
3J mil. and J. A. S. S. 1881, pi. V,fig. 6.

2 Pooree (type) j coll. H. Raban, Esq.

L. pusilla, H. Nevill, 1869, from Ceylon, is closely allied.

Genus PALUDINA, LamarcJc.

Extr. Cours anim. sans vert. 1812, type Helix vivipara, Lin. ; = " Vivi-
pare," Lam., Phil. Zool. I, 1809 ; = Viviparus, Mtf. 1810, p. 247 (a,
misnomer) ; sect. = Mekongia, Crosse and Fischer, J. de C. 1876, type
P.jullieni, Desk.

1. Paludina contecta.

Cyclostoma contectum, Millet, Moll. Maine et Loire, 1813 ; = Nerita vivi-
para, Muller (not Helix vivipara, Lin.).

4 Potsdam ; coll. Dr. E. von Martens,

3 Austria ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

4 England ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

2 Avignon ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq.

2. Paludina fasciata.

Nerita fasciata, Muller, Hist. Verm. 1774, "Italy and Saxony"; = H. vivi-
para, Lin. (a misnomer) ; = Cyclostoma achatinum, Drap., 1801.

3 England; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

2 Potsdam ; coll. Dr. E. von Martens.
2 Angoul6rne ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq.

PALUDINIDJE. 19

3. Paludina contectoides.

Paludina contectoides, Binney, Smithsonian Misc. Coll. VII, 1865, for P.
lineata, Kiister (not of Vol.).

5 Indiana; ex c. Rev. E. R. Beadle.

4. Paludina subpurpurea.

Paludina subpurpurea, Say, New Harm. Dissem. II, 1829, "Fox Rv. of the
Wabash."

8 Indiana; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham.
4 Ohio ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.

5. Paludina intertexta

Paludina intertexta, Say, Neio Harm. Dissem. II, 1829, Louisiana.

3 Arkansas; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle.

6. Paludina bermontiana.

Paludina Bermontiana, d'Orligny, Moll. Cuba, p. 7, 1841.

1 Loc. ? ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

2 Cuba; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn.

tl. Paludina sublineata [?].

Paludina sublineata, Conrad, P. Acad. Philad. 1850, Darling River.
I Australia [?]; ex c. J. Caldwell, Esq.

8. Paludina ussuriensis.

Paludina Ussuriensis, G-erstfeldt, Mem. Ac. St. Peter sb. 1859 : long. 45-60,
diam. 32-40 mil., Mouth of the Ussuri, Sfc.

1 River Amoor, Siberia ; ex Mr. R. Damon.

9. Paludina chinensis.

Paludina Chinensis, Gray, Griffith's Cumer, 1834, pi. I, fig. 5, China; =
P. lecythoides, Benson, Ann. Mag. 2842, Chusan ; var. = P. stelmaphora,
Bourg., Rev. and Mag. 1862, PeJcin, long. 55 diam. 35m. ; var. = P. ampul'
lacea, Charp. Ms., Conch.— Cab. II, pi. 4, Jig. 2-3, Macao

3 Chusan (typical P. lecythoides) ; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal (coll. Dr.

Cantor).

1 China; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. (as "P. lecythoides").
6 Macao ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

20 PALUDINIDJS.

var. ampulliformis.

Paludina ampulliformis, Souleyet, Voy. Sonite, 1852, Ewer at Touranne.

1 Cochin China (sp. juv.) ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.
5 Basilan, Philippines ; coll. Dr. C. Semper.

60 Manwyne, Hotha, Mungla, Nantin and Momien, Yunnan ; Mandalay,
Burma ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

There are several distinct forms mixed up in these Yunnan
specimens !

sub var. subampulliformis.
3 Tamsui (Formosa) ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

Exactly resemble the above recorded Nantin specimens,
both are less convexly inflated than in Souleyet's type.

var. compacta.

8 Assmungkang (Formosa) ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

Long. 33, diam. 23^ mil. A remarkable variety, well cha-
racterised by its much less tumid and rounded whorls, which are
compressed and of somewhat thicker texture.

var. lecythis.

Paludina lecythis, Senson, J. A. 8. S. V, 1836, SylJiet ; Reeve, fig. 12,
as " P. ampullacera ".

3 Sylhet, types of P. lecythis ; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal (44, 38).
3 Logtak lake, Manipur ; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen.

var. richthofeni.

Paludina chinensis, var. richthofeni, &. Nevill, Cat. Fasc. IE., p. 26, 1877,
Java : long, 33 f, diam. 26 mil.

3 Java? (type var.); coll. Baron F. von Richthofen.

var. (?).
1 ThyetMyo; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

10. Paludina bengalensis.

Paludina bengalensis, Lamarck, Hist. VI, 1822, Bengal ; from Cochin China,
Jtde Mor., Ser. Conch. IV; DesTiayes, Voy. Selanger, pi. 1, Jigs. 14-15
\_fide Con. Indica, " a rare and distinct var."~\.

5 Midnapur; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal.

4 Rajrnahal ; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham.

PALUDINID^J. 2

14 Rurkf and Birbhum; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.

2 Siliguri ; coll. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring.
60 Calcutta, Jessor, Chandernagar, &c, ; coll. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring,

J. B. Baxter, and G. Nevill, Esq.
13 Jamalpur and Sambalpur ; coll. Dr. F Stoliczka and Major M. M. Bowie.

9 Vizagapatam and Madras; ex c. Madras Museum.
20 Manbhum and Raniganj ; coll. V. Ball, Esq., and Dr. F. Stoliczka.

6 Dacca ; coll. J. Willson, Esq. and Dr. Wise.

9 Sind ; coll. W. T. Blanf ord, Esq. and ex c. Karachi Mus.

9 Derband and Salt Range (Punjab) ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
30 Cachar, Sibsagar, and Tezpur (Assam) ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and
Museum Collector.

1 Ganjam (Orissa) ; coll. V. Ball, Esq.

1 Ferozpur ; coll. Capt. R. C. Temple.

5 Sukyti Rv. [Mandi] ; coll. A. G. Young, Esq.

subvar. balteata.

P. bengalensis, var. balteata, Benson, J. A. S. B. V, 1836, Sylhet.
30 Silcbar, &c., Cachar ; coll. J. Wood Mason, Esq.

subvar. phseostoma, nov.

2 Calcutta (Lindsay St. Tank) j coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq.

subvar. elongata.

Paludina elongata, Swainson, Zool. III. ser. I, Vol. II, 1822, " Rivers of
India"; Reeve, fig. 5.

8 Calcutta (Harrington St. Tank) ; coll. G. Nevill and J. B, Baxter,

Esqrs.
12 Ambalah ; coll. Captain R. C. Temple.

Long. 38, diam. 26 mil. A larger and finer form than the
one figured by Swainson, as above, with more ventricose
last whorl !

subvar. gigantea.

Paludina gigantea, von dem Busch, Ms., in Reeve, Icon., pi. 1, fig. 7,
Bengal.

6 Dinapur ; coll. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring (53, 37).

subvar. canaliculata, nov.
Paludina bengalensis, var., Nevill, Cat. Fasc. E., p. 27, Rdniganj.

1 Raniganj ; coll. V. Ball, Esq.

£2 PALUDINIDJE.

subspecies doliaris.

Paludina doliaris, Gould, Proc. Host. Soc. 1843, Vol. I, Tavoy; = " P. benga-
lensis, var. digona (vel P. digona) JSlf., P. Z. S, 1869, Bham6, long. 23\
to 32, diam. 17k to 23 mil.

30 Mandalay and Bhamd ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

40 Myadonng, Shuaygoomyo and Sawaddy; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

14 Moulmain; coll. Baron P. von Richtbofen and Dr. F. Stoliczka.

5 Pha-thing and Endawyne Lake, Burma ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.
10 Pegu ; coll. W. Theobald, Esq.

subspecies polygramma.

Paludina polygramma, von Martens, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, Siam ; — P.
lineolata, Mousson, Ms., Reeve, Jig. 50, Siam ; fide Morelet [not Mar-
tens'] = P. sumatrensis, DunJcer, Mai. Blat. 1852 ; = P. speciosa, Desk.,
Nouv. Arch. X, 1874, Cambodia — "edible."

1 Siam ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

7 Cochin-China ; ex c. M. M. Morelet and Bouvier.

7 Qualla Kangsa, Perak ; coll. E. Townsend, Esq.

subspecies cingulata.

Paludina cingulata, von Martens, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, Siam; = P. cochin-
chinensis, Mor., Eev. Zool. 1866 ;=P. obscurata, Desk., Nouv. Archiv. Mus.
X, 1874, Cochin China ; = P. ingallsiana, Reeve (not of Led) ; = P.
frauenfeldi, Mor., Journ. de Conch. 1869, Bangkok (not of Desh.).

8 Penang ; coll. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

1 Slain; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. (as " P. cingulata").
1 Siam ; ex c A. Morelet, Esq. (as " P. frauenfeldi").
1 Cocliin-China ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. (as ".P. cochin- chinensis).
1 Singapore; coll. C. J. Irving, Esq. (35, 26£).

5 Penang ; ex c. India House Museum (coll. Cantor, and labelled
" P. radula?)

These last are of stouter form, considerably more developed
sculpture at base, and slightly less acutely carinate at the peri-
phery than Dr. Stoliczka's Penang specimens.

subvar.
Nevill, Cat. Fasc. E., p. 30 •' long. 30, diam. 21\ mil. : Assam.

30 Assam ; ex c. Drs. T. Oldham and F. Stoliczka.

11. Paludina oxytropis.

Paludina oxytropis, Benson, J. A. S. B. V, 1836, N. E. Bengal ;=
P. pyramidata, v. d. Busch, Phil. Abb. 1, 1844, Bengal.

3 Manipur; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen.

PALUDIN1D.E. 23

12. Paludina zonata.

Paludina zonata, Hanley, Ms., Reeve, Icon. Jig. 34, Mauritius; ? = P. ben-
galensis, var., Nevill, Cat. Fasc. 13. p. 33: long. 40\, diam. 30 mil.;
introduced into Mauritius, fide Lienard, Cat. Moll. Mauritius.

16 "Trou d'Eau Douce," Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

13. Paludina angularis.

Nerita angularis, Muller, Hist. Verm. 1774, Canton ; = P. quadrata,
Benson, Ann. Sf Mag. 1842, Chusan; = P. polyzonata, Frauenfeld,
Philippines.

30 Canton ; ex c. R. Hungerf ord, Esq., Dr. P. Stoliczka, and India House

Museum (coll. Cantor).
5 Canton ; ex c. Prof. C. Semper.
4 Macao j coll. R. Hungerf ord, Esq.

The " eye supports " differ from those of true Paludina, fide
Benson, J. A. S. B., 1855. Mons. Bouvier has also sent me ten
specimens, exactly resembling Canton ones, as from " Cochin-
China." I fear he has been misled by his correspondent ?

14. Paludina seruginosa.

Paludina seruginosa, Eeeve, Icon., Jiff. 41, China ; fide Martens, Mai. Blat.
1865, = P. javanica, var. vigorosa = P, angularis, var.

2 Shanghai; coll. Dr. C. E. Tonnerre (35*, 24&).

var. minor.

Long. 25J, diam. 18 mil,
4 Kulangsu, Amoy ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq,

Very close to PL X, figs. 15 to 17 of Kobelt's Fauna Japo-
nica, which are erroneously called P. ingallsiana ! The Amoy
specimens can be easily distinguished from the Japanese form
by the subglobose, instead of angulate periphery.

15. Paludina javanica.

Paludina javanica, von dem Susch, Phil. Abb. 1, 1844, Java ; Mousson, Moll.
Java, vars. scalaroidea, aloomarginata and nigromarginata ; var. from
Cochin- China, Mor., Ser. Conch. IV, p. 307: long. 31, diam. 18 mil.

1 Samarang; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

suhvar. minor.

1 Java; ex Mr. Sowerby (c. Lombe Taylor).
Decollate, 3 whorls only remaining : long. 20, diarn. 15 J mil.

24 PALUDINID^).

16. Paludina hamiltoni.

Paludma Hamiltoni, Metcalfe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 73, Borneo.
I Borneo; ex Mr. Sowerby (c. Lornbe Taylor).

17. Paludina philippinensis, nov.

? Vivipara Hanleyi, Frauenfeld, Verz. Paludina, 1864, p. 618, for P. inter-
media, Hanley Ms., Reeve, fig. 57, 1863, Loo. ? [ not of Deshayes ] ; var.
= P. carinata, Reeve, 1863, Jiff. 53, Philippines [ not P. carinata,
Swainson,1822].

Long. 23, diam. 19 mil.

This is a very closely allied from to P. javanica ; indeed,
probably only a geographical race, and perhaps would be better
classed as a variety of it !

It can, nevertheless, be readily distinguished by the keel on
the last whorls giving the suture a canaliculate appearance, by
the less developed spiral sculpture, by the presence of longi-
tudinal, subobsolete plications, as also by its shorter and more
decollate form, more convex whorls, the last one subangulate,
darker and duller epidermis and blacker peristome, which is
more or less angulate below.

Yon Martens would not appear to have met with it, as it
cannot surely be the form he mentions, Mai. Blat. 1865, p. 148,
as a rounded, keelless, extreme variety of P. burroughiana !
One of my specimens approaches Reeve's fig. 53 (P. carinata)
in the more rounded peristome and less distinct subangulation
of the last whorl.

7 Majajay, Luzon; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

18. Paludina costata.

Paludina costata, Quoy, Voy. Astrol. 1832, Celebes ; _ P. angularis, Auct.
[ not of Mull. ] ; Tjiringen (Java), fide Mousson ; Nevill, Cat. Fasc.
E, p. 33.

1 Java; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen.

3 Luzon; ex c. A. Morelet and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

8 Zamboanga, Philippines; coll. Prof. C. Semper.
14 Philippines (?); coll. Baron F. von Richthofen.

3 S. Cruz, Luzon; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

19. Paludina ingallsiana.

Paludina Ingallsiana, Lea, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1856, Siam: long. 0,5?t
diam. 0, 37 inch [not of Reeve'}.

var.
1 Siam; ex Mr. Sowerby (c. Lombe Taylor)

PALUDINIDJE. 25

20. Paludina naticoides.

Paludina naticoides, Theobald, J. A. 8. S. 1865, p. 274, Shan States =
P. shanensis, Theob., Catal., 1876, p. 18; Con. Indica, pi. 76, fig. 1;
Nevill, Cat. Fast. E, p. 34.

4 Upper Sal ween ; coll. W. Theobald, Esq.

var. concolor.

Of a light, uniform, olive-green colour; whorls not so
exserted as usual, last one less swollen in proportion, more
regularly and globosely swollen, with a single, somewhat incon-
spicuous, raised ridge at the periphery ; aperture small, with
the outer margin regularly rounded. Long. 25f , diam. 18 mil.

1 Upper Salween (type var.) ; coll. W. Theobald, Esq.

var. carinata.
P. naticoides, var. carinata, Theobald, pi. IX, fig. 3, and Con. Indica, pi. 76,

fig- *•

2 Ava; coll. W. Theobald, Esq.

var. fasciata.

P. naticoides, var. fasciata, Theobald, pi. IX, figs. 1 <$• 2, and Nevill, Cat.
Fasc. E, p. 34.

7 Upper Salween and Ava ; coll. W. Theobald, Esq.

21. Paludina eyriesi.

Paludina Eyriesi, Morelet, J. de C. 1865, Cambodia, fnot Cochin- China,
vide Ser. Con. IV, p. 303) ; var. = P. fischeriana, Mabille and Le
Mesle, Rev. Zool. 1866, Battambang.

1 Cambodia ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

This Mollusk is edible, fide Journ. de Conch., 1876.

22. Paludina crassa.

Paludina crassa, Hutton ms., Eenson, J. A. S. B. 1836, " Rv. Gumti at
Jonpur" and "greenish eroded var. from Sylhet," for Paludina sp.t
Hutton, 1. c. 1834, Chunar ; fide Rv. and Con. Indica = P. obtusa,
Troschel ; Wood-Mason, A.nn. and Mag. 1881 \_anatomy\.

11 Loc. ? (? typical) ; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal.

30 Hazrapur, Jessor Dist. ; coll. Or. Nevill, Esq.

30 Barak Rv., Cachar, $ $ ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.

26 PALUDJNIDJE.

var. tezpurensis.

P. crassa, var. tezpurensis, G. Nevill, Cat. Moll. Fasc. IS., 1877, p. 35,
Tezpore: long. 7£, diam. 15% mil.

Exceedingly close to — if indeed specifically distinct from —
a form sent me by Mons. Morelet from Cambodia, as P. haine-
siana, Lea !

8 Tezpur, Assam (type var.) ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
4 Pegu; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

23. Paludi.ua siamensis.

Vivipara siamensis, von Frauenfeld, Proc. Zool. Soc. J865 and Ter. Zool. —
Bot. Gesells. Wien, 1865, Siam : long. 24, diam. 21 mil.

1 Siam ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq., (17, 15|).

1 Siam ; ex Mr. Sowerby (ex c. Lombe Taylor),

Long. 23, diam. 20 mil., and labelled " P. hainesiana."

var. burmanica, nov.

A very small variety ; spire short, apex obtuse, with the
whorls even less acute and exserted, the last one larger in pro-
portion and more globosely swollen, with the keel round the
umbilicus obsolete; aperture more contracted, that is, less
dilately expanded ; colouration of epidermis and the black
peristome exactly similar. Long. 11, diam. 10 mil.

1 Frome, on the Irawady (type var.) ; coll. W. Theobald, Esq.
1 Tenasserim Prov. ; ex c. Colonel Godwin-Austen (coll. Mr. O. Limborg).
30 Yaylaymaw, Upper Burma, not quite adult ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

24. Pallid ina hainesiana.

Paludina Hainesiana, Lea, Proc. Ac. Philad. VIII, 1856, Siam : long. 1, 27,
diam. 0, 88 inch; ? var. = P. rattrei, Cr. and F. [ = frauenfeldi, Desk,
not Mor.~].

1 Cambodia; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. (25f, 20).

2 Siam; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. (26*, 20±).

var. lamarcki.

Paludina Lamarckii, Deshayes, Nouv. ArcMv, Mus. X, 1874, Cambodia.
I Cambodia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. (37i,

PALUDINIDJ3. 27

var. sphsericula.

Paludina sphaericula, Deshayes, I. c., Cambodia.

2 Cochin^China; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

These are, I think, the form called P. sphcericula ; unfortu-
nately they are not quite adult ! They present the sharp angu-
lation of the columellar margin at base, said to be characteristic
of P. raU.rei ; may this not arise from the form not being adult ?
Long. 24J, diam. 20f mil.

25. Paludina lurida.

Paludina lurida, Morelet, Rev. Zool. 1862, Saigon : long. 211, diam. 17 mil.
1 Cochin-China ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

Very close to typical P. crassa ; it also much resembles the
Tenasserim specimen of P. siamensis, var. burmanica, but is
larger, with more exserted spire and less obtuse apex.

26. Paludina dissimilis.

Nerita dissimilis, Miiller, Hist. Verm. 1774, Loc. ?; Con. Indica, pi. 77,
figs. 2 — 3 ; P. remossii, " Benson," Phil., Abb. 1846, Meywar (typog. error
for P. prcemorsa, Benson, Ms.), and Con. Indica,pl. 77, figs. 8 — 9, Joun-
pore, fyc. ; juv. = P. carinata, Swainson, Zool. III. II, 1822, Ganges;
from Philippines and Siam,fide Morelet, Ser. Con. IV, p. 310.

30 Calcutta, Chandernagar, &c.; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. and Dr. F. Stoliczka.
18 Nagpur, Derbund and Salt- Range ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

5 Naini-Tal (?) j coll. Dr. T. Oldham.

7 Purneah, Birbhum and Benares; coll. Dr. J. Anderson, J. Wood-
Mason, Esq. and Colonel G. B. Mainwaring.

1 Sagar; ex Mr. Sowerby [ex c, Lombe Taylor].

This last a magnificent specimen — long. 27J, diam. 21 mil. —
scarcely angulate at the periphery, with the white belt sub-
obsolete, was labelled " P. olivacea."

subvar. subobtusa, nov.

3 Chdndballi; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

The whorls have not the peculiar, convex shape of var. obtusa.
It is probably the P. melanostoma of Benson, Ms., but not of
Reeve ! I described it without a nsme Cat. Moll. Fasc. E.,
p. 38 : long. 26J, diam. 21 mil. : decollate, 3 whorls only
remaining.

28 PALUDINID^.

subvar. (?).
2 Masulipatara ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka (30, 23i).

subvar. sindica, nov.

Long. 32, diam. 21f mil. ; not decollate, 6 whorls, almost
colourless, though, apparently taken alive as the opercula are
still present ! Similar specimens were found by Mr. F. Fedden
in Katniawar.

10 Sind j ex c. Karachi Museum.

subvar. subumbilicata.
12 Ferozpur j coll. Captain R, C. Temple.

Columella straighter than usual, only slightly edged with
black ; distinctly openly rimate, almost umbilicate; slightly more
convex whorls, the last one almost perfectly rounded ; belt at
periphery less distinct than in typical form, substance of shell
a trifle thicker and less brightly coloured.

var. fulva.

Paludina fulva, Reeve, Icon. 1863, Jiff. 64, from Cambodia.
1 Laos Mna. ; ex Mr. Sowerby [ex c. Lombe Taylor].

subvar.
1 Penang; ex c. India House Museum (c. Cantor).

Last whorl a trifle less rounded than in the preceding form,
sculpture less distinct, spire more produced ; altogether it is
scarcely distinguishable from some Indian varieties ! In neither
of these var. fulva is there any trace of a white belt at the
periphery.

var. assamensis, nov.

This is a well marked and characteristic variety, easily dis-
tinguished from all the preceding forms by the turreted and
remarkably produced spire, the cylindrical instead of convex
whorls ; the deep, uniform green colour, the last whorl and
aperture much smaller and more contracted in proportion, the
latter less everted ; periphery subangulate, with the belt ob-
solete; scarcely rimate; peristome black.

PALUDINID^. 29

Long. 22f , diam. 16 mil. ; slightly decollate.

30 Tezpore, &c., Assam (type var.); coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and

Dr. T. Oldham.

4 "Jamalpur" ( ? ? ); ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
16 Silcuri, Cachar ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.

subvar. bhamoensis, nov.

16 Bham6 ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

An interesting small form of tlie preceding, with, shorter
and less produced spire ; it is quite unlike all the other Upper
Burmese forms brought back by Dr. Anderson and almost
induces me to specifically separate from P. dissimilis, the forms
hereafter recorded as vars. heliciformis, viridis and decussatula,
in which case this form would be a variety of true P. dissimilis
as restricted ?

Long. 17J, diam. 13f mil., slightly decollate.

var. obtusa.

Paludina obtusa, Troschel, Archiv. Nat. 1837, Bengal; Phil., Abb. pi. 1,
jig. 14, and Kiister, Conch. — Cab. II, pi. VI, figs. 8—9 [not P. obtusa of
Reeve, or of the Con. Indica'].

8 Loc. ? ; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal.
4 Naini Tal ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

2 Sambalpur ; coll. Major M. M. Bowie.

var. variata.

Vivipara variata, von Frauenfeld, Ver. Zool. — Sot. Gesells. Wien, 1862,
Pondicherry ; ttipe var. figured, Con. Indica, pi. 115,fig.8; = P. cari-
nata, Meeve, fig. 61 [not of Sivainson}.

50 Madras; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka and Madras Museum, also coll.
G. Nevill, Esq.

4 Trichinopoly ; ex c. As, Soc. Bengal.
1 Vizagapatam ; ex c. Madras Museum.

1 Loc. ? ; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal (marked " P. unicolor ").

3 Ceylon; coll. F. Layard, Esq. (sent as «' P. melanostoma," Rv.).
30 Ganjam, Orissa ; coll. V. Ball, Esq.

11 Bangalore ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

5 Kadapa and Kollam ; coll. Colonel Beddome.

subvar. ceylonica.

Paludina ceylonica, Dohrn, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, Ceylon; Con. Indica,
pi. 76, fig. 1, and pi. 115, fig. 9, the latter as " P. ceylonica, var.
ecarinata."

14 Kandy; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

6 Madras ; coll, G. Nevill, Esq.

30 PALUDINID^J.

subvar. kutchensis, nov.

Cat. Moll. Fasc. IE., p. 40: long, 28, diam. 22 mil. [sine wow.].
9 Kacbh; coU. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

subvar. subcarinata, nov.

Cat. Moll. Fasc. J£., p. 40 [sine nomJ],

10 Moulraain ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and Baron F. von Ricbtbofen.
2 Pba-tbing, Burma (type var.) ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

The smoother texture, less convex whorls and distinct cari-
nation are very characteristic; it will probably hereafter have
to rank as a well-marked variety. The distinctly open umbi-
licus separate it from all the forms classed under the next
form. Long. 20J, diam. 16 mil.

subspecies heliciformis.

Vivipara beliciformis, von Frauenfeld, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865 and Ver. Zool. —
Sot. G-esells. Wien, 1865, Central Africa, long. 21, diam. 16 mil., pi.
XXII ; Con. Indica, pi. 77, f. 7 and 10, Rangoon ; fide Hanley, in Con.
Indica, types of P. heliciformis and P. decussatula, Blf. are absolutely
identical.

12 Pegu; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka (22, 19).
subvar. viridis.

Paludina viridis, Hanley, Ms., Reeve, Icon. 1862, Loe. ?,• Nevill, J.A.S.
B. 1877, p, 31, and Anderson's Zool. Yunnan, 1879, pi. LXXX,fig. lf
Kalyuet.

5 Kabyuet, Upper Burma; coll. Dr. J. Anderson (32£, 23).

subvar. decussatula.

" P. dissimilis, var. decussatula (vel P. decussatula)," Blanford, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1869, Ava; Nevill, J. A. 8. B. 1877, p. 31.

14 Bhamo (type subvar.) ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.
30 Mandalay, Avaj coll. Dr. J. Anderson (22fc, 18|).

27. Paludina unicolor.

Cyclostoma unicolor, Olivier, Toy. Emp. Othom. 1804, Egypt.

2 Locality?; ex c. Asiatic Soc. Bengal.

2 1st Cataract, Nile ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

var. subimperforata.

3 Nile ; ex c. Dr. H. Dobrn.

Much less openly umbilicate than the preceding four speci-
mens, consequently still nearer P. dissimilis !

PALUDINHXE. 31

28. Paludina praerosa.

Paludina prserosa, G-erstfeldt, Mem. Ac. Imp. St. Petersb 1859 : long. 23 to
35, diam. 19 to 26 m. Mouth of the Ussuri.

1 River Amoor, Siberia ; ex Mr. Damon.

29. Paludina auriculata.

Paludina (Melantho) auriculata, von Martens, Sitz. Ges. naturf. Freunde,
Berlin, Jan. 1875; Rv. Siang Kiang,Prov. Hunan : long. 26, diam. 16 mil.
(with two var.) ; ? sect Melcongia.

2 China ; ex c. Prof. E. von Martens.

2 River Siang K iang; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn (coll. von Richthofen).

30. Paludina jullieni.

Paludina Jullieni, Deshayes, Nouv. Arch. Mus. X, 1878, Cambodia ; sect.
Melcongia.

1 Cochin-China ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

31. Paludina hungerfordiana.

Paludina hungerfordiana, • G. Nevill, J. A. S. £. 1881, Canton : long. 33,
diam. 26 mil. ; sect. Mekongia.

3 Canton [type] ; coll. R. Hungerf ord, Esq.

32. Paludina martensiana.

Paludina martensiana, &. Nevill, J. A. S. S. 1881, Amoy.

2 Amoy [type] ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

33. Paludina hellenica.

Vivipara Hellenica, Clessin, Malalc. Slat. 1879.

1 Missolonghi j ex c. P. Joly, Esq.

Sub-Genus LIOPLAX, Troschel.
Gebiss der ScJinecken, Lief. 2, 1857, type P. sulcarinata, Say.

34. Paludina (Lioplax) subcarinata.
Limnaea subcarinata, Say, Nicholson's Enc. 1, 1817, Delaware Ro.

13 Indiana; ex c. Prof. E. C. Stearns, &c.

32 PALUDINIDJS.

Sub -Genus TULOSTOMA, Haldeinan.
Mon. Lymn. Sup. 2, 1841, type P. magnified, Conrad.

35. Paludina (Tulostoma) magnifica.

Paludina magnifica, Conrad, New freshwater shells, U. States, June 1834,
Alabama Rv. ; = P. bimonilifera, Lea, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc.,
August 1834 (.read in 1832).

2 Alabama ; ex c. Dr. H. Dobrn.

Sub-Genus CAMPELOMA, Rafinesque.

Journ. de Physique, fyc., Vol. 88, 1819, type C. crassula, Raf., from Ohio ;
= Melantho, Bowditch, Elem. Conch. 1822, type P. decisa, Say.

36. Paludina (Campeloma) decisa.

Limnaea decisa, Say, Nicholson's Enc. I, 1817, [sine Hab.~\ ; Delaware Rv.
jide Binney.

7 Indiana ; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham.
16 Pennsylvania ; coll. Rev. K. R. Beadle.

4 Massachusetts and Ohio ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

5 New York; coll. Dr. W. Newcomb and ex c. Madras Museum.

A sinistral variety has been recorded.

37. Paludina (Campeloma) integra.

Paludina integra, Say, Journ. Aead. Nat. Sci. Philad. II, 1821, Missouri ;
Jide Binney — P. decisa, var.

20 New York ; coll. Dr. W. Newcomb and Rev. E. R. Beadle.

38. Paludina (Campeloma) ponderosa.

Paludina ponderosa, Say, Journ. Acad. Sci. Philad. II, 1821, Ohio.

4 Alabama ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle.
12 Indiana ; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham.

39. Paludina (Campeloma) genicula.

Paludina genicula, Conrad, New freshwater shells, U. States, 1834, " Flint
Rv., Georgia ; " Jide Binney = P. decisa, var.

2 Georgia ; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham.

40. Paludina (Campeloma) rufa.

Paludina rufa, Haldeman, Mon. Lymn. Ill, 1841— ; Jide Binney = P.
decisa, Say, var.

2 Erie Canal ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.

33

Genus CLEOPATRA, Troschel.

Geliss der SchnecJcen, I, Lief. 2, 1857 [sine descr.~], type Cycl. lulimoides,
Olivier.

1. Cleopatra bulimoides.

Cyclostoma bulimoides, Olivier, Toy. Emp. OtTiom. II, 1804, Egypt ; fide
v. Martens and JicJceli = Melania cegyptiaca, in JReeve's Icon, [as " of
Benson"].

4 Alexandria; ex c. P. Joly, Esq.

3 Dongola; coll. Dr. G. Fritsch.

2. Cleopatra verreauxiana.

Bithinea Verreauxiana, Bourguignat, Rev. Mag. Zool. 1856, Nile; — Palu-
dina cyclostomoides, Kuster, Conch. — Cab. II, pi. 7, Jig. 6-10, 1852,

Egypt.
12 1st Cataract, Nile ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

subvar. fasciata.

20 1st Cataract, Nile ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

1 rather doubt if Dr. Jickeli's reasons for adopting M.
Bourguignat's name, .in preference to Bolster's, are valid :
there can be no doubt, it seems to me, that the latter can only
refer to this species.

3. Cleopatra aurocincta.

Cleopatra aurocincta, von Martens, Sitz. Ges. nat. Fr. Berlin, 1879, Baga-
moyo.

2 Bagamoyo (Somali Land) ; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn.

Genus MARGAKYA, Nevill.
J. A. 8. B.y 1877, p. 30, type M. melanoides, Nevill.

1. Margarya melanoides.

Margarya melanoides, G. Nevill, J. A. 8. B., 1877, p. 30, Lake Tali in
Yunnan and op. c. 1881, pi. 5. Jig. 1.

4 Lake Tali, Yunnan (type) ; ex c. Dr. J. Anderson (coll. Margary).

Genus NEOTHAUMA, 8mm.
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, type N. tanganyicensis, Smith \Lake Tanganyika].

This remarkable new genus is not yet represented in the
Museum.

o

3 PALUDINIDJ;.

Subfamily BENEDICTIINJE, Dybowski.

Von Martens and Clessin consider this subfamily as form-
ing part of the Rissoidce. Despite the characters of the oper-
eulum, I can scarcely believe this classification will prove correct.

Genus BENEDICTIA, DylowsU.
Mem. Ac. Peter sb. XXII, 1875, type B.fragilis, Dyb.

1. Benedictia baikalensis.

Paludina Baikalensis, Gerstfeldt, Mem. Ac. Peter sb. IX, 1859, LaTce Baikal.
1 Lake Baikal; ex Mr. R. Damon.

Subfamily BYTHINIINufl, Troschel (emend.).

Considered by Stimpson and Clessin as a subfamily of the
Rissoidce.

Genus BYTHINIA, Leach, Ms.

Gray, Medic. Bepos. XV, 1821 [_sine descr.~\ ; = BytUnia, Risso, 1826 ;
fide Clessin, " BytUnia," Gray, PJiilos. Mag. Vol. 63, p. 274, type Helix
tentaculata, Lin. / fide Martens, " Bithinia" of Fam. Paludinidce.

l. Bythinia oerameopoma.

Paludina sp. ? , Benson, Gleanings Science, Calcutta, Vol. I, p. 363, and
Vol. II, 1830, p. 125, as Paludina cerameopoma ; also J. A. S. B., 1855 ;
= B. ceranospatana, Frauenfeld, Ver. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1862; Con.
Indica, pi. 38, figs, 1 and 4.

30 Calcutta, Hazrapur, Barrackpore, and Baniganj -, coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka

and G. Nevill, Esq.
30 Assam; ex c. Dr. T. Oldharn.
20 Bengal; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal [? typical].
9 Sambhar Lake, and Sind ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

4 Patna and Rurki ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq., and Colonel G. B, Main-
waring.
30 Ferozpur; coll. Captain R. C. Temple.

subvar. carinulata.
1 Assam ; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham.
A remarkably deformed, abnormal specimen.

subvar. gigantea.

1 Calcutta; coll, Dr. F. Stoliczka.

PALUDINIDJI. 35

2. Bythinia travancorica.

Bithinia travancorica, Benson, Ann. Mag. VI, I860, Quilon ; Con. Indica,
pi. 38, figs. 2-3.

10 Kollam ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome.

3. Bythinia goniostoma.

Bythinia goniostoma, Huttonvns., Frauenfeld, Ver.zool.~bot. Gesellsch. Wient
1864, p. 610, and Con. Indica, pi. 37,fig.7;—B. lutea, Auct., as " of&ray,"
Ann. Philos. 1824 [sp. incert., fide Hani., Con. Ind., p. xviii] ; =
Paludina pulchella, Conch.-Cab. II, 1852, [a* " of Sowerby"'], pi. VI,
figs. 18-20 [not 3. pulchella, Bs.~].

30 Calcutta, Ft. Canning, and Raniganj ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and

G. Nevill, Esq.
30 Madras ; ex c. Madras Museum.

1 Galle (?) ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
20 Manbhum ; coll. V. Ball, Esq.

1 Orissa; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

3 Assam ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

8 Upper India (typical); coll. Captain F. W. Button [A. S. B.].

4. Bythinia pulchella.

Paludina pulchella, Benson, J. A. 8. B. 1836, Sylhef [not Pal. pul-
chella of Conch.- Cab. II] ; Con. Indica, pi. 38, figs. 5-6.

50 Suket, Ambalah, and Ferozpur (10£, 7) ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and

Capt. R. C. Temple.
20 Kotgarh ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
20 Riirki ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.

3 Khasi Hills (?); coll. Colonel H. H. Godsvin-Austoii.
20 Assam ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

1 Naini Tal ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

1 Arakanj coll. S. Kurz, Esq.

20 Kollam ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome.

4 Bombay; ex c. Dr, F. Stoliczka (? coll. Rev.S. B. Fairbank).

2 Salt Lakes; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
2 Kulu; coll. A. G. Young, Esq.

var. obtusa, nov. ( ? dist. sp.).
16 Ft. Canning (type var.) ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

var. pusilla, nov.
40 Ferozpur ; coll. Capt. R. C. Temple (6£, 4J).

subvar. canaliculata.
1 Ferozpur; coll. Capt. R. C, Temple.

36 PALUDINIM.

5. Bythinia subpulchella.

&. Nevill, J. A. S. 2. 1881, pi. VI, fig. 12, Kutch: long. 6, diam. 4 mil.

30 Kachh (type) ; colL Dr. F. Stoliczka.

2 Moradabad ; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal.
16 Delhi ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.

var. tenuior (? dist. sp.).

3 Kachh; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

6. Bythinia inconspicua.

Bythinia inconspicua, Dohrn, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, Ceylon ; Con. Indica,
pi. 87, figs. 5-6.

1 Ceylon ; coll. F. Layard, Esq. (sent as " B. orcula"),

4 Ceylon ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
6 Loc. ? -, ex c. W. Theobald, Esq.

12 Madras ; ex c. Madras Museum.

8 Derband ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

9 Trichinopoly ; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq. [A. S. B.}

var. (? dist. sp.).
12 Assam (?) ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

7. Bythinia, sp.

1 Abyssinia (?) ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

This specimen was mixed with Abyssinian Vitrlna mamil-
lata : can it be the specimen mentioned by Blanford, Zool.
Abyssinia, page 472, and which is not forthcoming ? It seems
to me undistingnishable from the Calcutta form of B. lutea.

8. Bythinia orcula.

Bythinia orcula, Benson, MS, Frauenfeld, Ver. zool.-lot. Gesellsch. Wien,
1862, p. 1154 ; Con. Indica, pi. 38, figs. 8-9, PurneaA.

50 Raniganj, Pt. Canning, Calcutta, Patna, and Bhaugulpore ; coll, Dr.
F. Stoliczka and G. Nevill, Esq.

4 Rajmahal ; coll. Colonel Gr. B. Mainwaring.

50 Ambalah, Delhi, and Ferozpur ; coll. J. Wood- Mason, Esq. and Capt.
R. C. Temple.

5 Assam ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

subvar.

2 Patna ; coll. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring.

subvar. minor.

3 Orissa;coll. V. Ball, Esq.

PALUDINID32. 37

var. producta (? dist. sp.)

8 Sambhar and Salt-Lakes ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
6 Jamalpur ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
10 Ferozpur ; coU. Capt. R. C. Temple (7, 5i).

var. parvula (? dist. sp.)

Mora'da'bad ; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal.

Jaunpur ; ex c. India House Museum [as " B. orcula— coll. Cantor"].

var. acuminata (? dist. sp.)

1 Andamans [?] ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

This locality will be most interesting when confirmed.

9. Bythinia stenothyroides.

Bytbinia stenothyroides, Dohrn, Proo. Zool. Soc. 1867, Ceylon ; Con. Indica,
pi. 38, Jiff s. 7 and 10.

Extreme forms like the above quoted figure are easily dis-
tinguished. Specimens from the same piece of water, however,
vary sometimes to an extraordinary degree, in the more or
less produced spire ; some forms seem to unite the species with
B. orcula on the one hand and B. inconspicua on the other.

50 Madras ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka, G. Nevill, Esq., and ex c. Madras

Museum.
12 Ceylon ; coll. F. Layard, Esq.

6 Ceylon ; coll. E. L. Layard, Esq. [A. S. B.].
10 Trichinopoly ; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq.

2 Nilgiris ; ex c. India House Museum (sent as " B. alba, Prideaux").
25 South Arcot and Kollam ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome,

subvar. foiangulata, nov.
1 Madras; ex c. Madras Museum.

var. abnormis, nov.
20 Bangalore ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

var. (? dist. sp.)
1 Sicrigali [?] ; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham.

var. (? dist. sp.)
1 Penang ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

38 PALUDINIDJE.

10. Bythinia, n. sp. [?j
3 Goalundo ; coll. Dr. Wise.

11. Bythinia, n. sp.

8 Damotha, Moulmain ; coll. Dr, F. Stoliczka.

12. Bythinia nassa.

Bythinia nassa, Theobald, J. A. S. Bengal, 1865, Shan States, and op. c. 1870,
pi. 18, Jig. 8 ; Con. Indica, pi. 37, figs. 8-9.

7 Shan States (typical) ; ex c. W. T. Blanford & W. Theobald, Esqrs.

13. Bythinia laevis.

Bithinia laevis, Morelet, Ser. Conch IV, 1875, Siam and Cochin- China :
long. 10, d. 5 mil.

5 Cambodia ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

12 Damotha, Moulmain ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and Baron F. von Rich-
thofen.

14. Bythinia goniomphalus.

Bithinia goniomphalos, Morelet, Rev. Zool. 1866, " Yay—Niah," Cochin
China — long. 14, d. 7% mil. ; = JS. iravadica, JBlf., Proc. Zool. Soo.
1869, Mandalay, long. 11, diam. 6k mil, ; ? = Pal. truncata, Eyd. Sf
Soul., 1S52, " Ganges" I from Siam fide Mts., P. Z, S. I860].

2 Cochin- China (typical) j ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

2 Siam ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. ( as " B. siamensis, Lea ").

These latter do not agree at all with Lea's figure of S. siamen-
sis ; they appear to he a rather small form of the preceding. I
fancy this is now Mons. Morelet's own opinion, judging from
his remarks on this species^in Ser. Conch. IY.

30 Mandalay (type of S. iravadica), Ava and Kabyuet ; coll. Dr. J.

Anderson.
. 4 Thyet-Myo ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

15. Bythinia moreletiana.

Bithynia moreletiana, Nemll, J. A. S. B., 1877, Yaylaymaw; op.c. 1881,
pi. VI, fig. 14.

20 Yaylaymaw, in Upper Burma (type) j coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

16. Bythinia, n. sp. (?).

1 Karnai; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

PALUDINID^!. 39

17. Bythinia, n. sp.

5 Thyet-Myo ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. (?)

18. Bythinia evezardi.

Bythinia evezardi, W. T. Blanford, J. A. 8. B. 1880, Londvla (between
Bombay and Poona) : long. 3f , diam. 3i mil.; Nevill, op. c. 1881, pi. VI,
Jig. 13, Mahdbaleshvar.

2 Mahabaleshvar ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank.

19. Bythinia badia.

2 Japan [?] ; ex Mr. Damon (coll. A. Adams, and labelled " B. badia,
A. Ad.")-

20. Bythinia striatula.

Bitbinia striatula, Benson, Ann. Mag. 1842 and J. A. S. B., 1855, Chusan,
" coll. Cantor"

2 China ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.
1 Canton ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

3 Chusan ; ex Mr. R. Damon (coll. Cantor).

4 Swatow ; coll. R. Himgerford, Esq.

21. Bythinia longicornis.

Bithinia longicornis, Benson, Ann. Mag. 1842 and J. A. S. B. 1855, Chusan,
"coll. Cantor."

3 Chusan (typical) ; ex Mr. R. Damon and As.Soc. Bengal (coll. Cantor).

22. Bythinia tentaculata.

Helix tentaculata, Linnceus, Syst. Nat. X, 1758, p. 774} fide Jef., vitrs.
ventricosa, decollata, and excavata, from England.

20 Calais, Biarritz, and England ; coll. Gr. Nevill, Esq.

12 Heidelberg, Pyrmont, and Ireland ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

5 Potsdam ; coll. Dr. E. von Martens.

12 Aix-les-Bains ; coll. G Nevill, Esq.

var. kashmirensis, nov.
Long 7, diam. 4J mil.

16 Kashmir ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
2 Srinagar (Kashmir) ; coll. W. Theobald, Esq. (?).

40 PALTJDINIDJJ.

23. Bythinia leachi.

Turbo Leachi, Sheppard, Trans. Lin. Soc. XIV, 1823, England; = Paludina
ventricosa, Gray, Med. Sepos. 1821 (sine descr.); fide Jef., var. elongata,
England.

3 England ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

2 North Italy; ex "Linnsea" (as " B. similis, Zgl. = ventrosa, Gray").

subvar. major.

1 Troitskaja (Siberia) : ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn.

subvar. inflata.

4 Suchorowskaja (Siberia) ; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn.

var.

2 Albania ; ex " Linnsea" (as " B. orsinii, Charp.")

These are certainly not the species figured by Kuster as
Paludina orsinii, " Charp. Ms., from Ascoli " (Central Italy).

24. Bythinia troscheli.

Paludina Troschelii, PaascTi, Wiegm. Archiv. 1842, Berlin ; = Paludina
similis, Boll, Moll. MecTclenb.

1 Aix-les-Bains ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
7 Kashmir ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

The latter specimens are all decollate ; the whorls are even
more convexly rounded than usual.

25. Bythinia orsinii.

Paludina Orsinii, Charpentier ms., Kuster, Conch. — Cab. II, 1852, Ascoli.

1 Carthagena (Spain) j coll. G. Nevill, Esq. (4|, 3J).

The above original figure agrees exactly ; this specimen
measures long. 4|, diam. (vix) 3 mil., and thus agrees fairly
with J5. bourguignatij Palad., from Perpignan, the last
whorl of which, however, is less convex; B. mer'idionalis,
Frauenfeld, from Spain, is also somewhat like, but it has the
spire less produced, the apex more obtuse, and the aperture
more everted.

26. Bythinia rubens.

Paludina rubens, Menke, Syn. II, 1830, Sicily ; var. sinistrorsa, Phil., Zeits.
Mai. 1844.

2 Sicily ', ex *' Linnsea".

5 Italy (?) ; ex c. Prof. H. Troschel.

PALUDINID^J. 41

var. orientalis.

100 Baalbeck, Rv. Litany, and Damascus ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

subvar. prsetumida.

20 Damascus; coll. Dr. J, Anderson.

subvar. SOluta.
3 Damascus ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

subvar. emaciata.
12 Damascus; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

27. Bythinia proxima.

Bythinia proxima, von Frauenfeld, Verh. Zool.—Sot., Ges. Wien, 1862,
Tirol ?

2 Tirol j ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

28 Bythinia, n. sp.

12 Vadali, Bombay Pres. ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
Long. 4, diam. 3 mil. ; whorls 4.

29. Bythinia (?) scalaris.

2 Koflein, Austria; ex " Linnsea" (as" Bithinia scalaris, Zgl.).

Seems to me rather a species of HydroMa (Pseudamnicola) .
The opercula are unfortunately wanting. B. scalaris, Zgl. (fide
Frauenfeld), is a variety of J5. tentaculata.

30. Bythinia philippinensis.

Bythinea philippinensis, G. Nevill, J. A. S. B. 1881, Luzon: long. 8, d. 6k mil.
8 S. Cruz, Luzon (type) ; coll. R. Hungerf ord, Esq.

31. Bythinia truncatula.

Bithinia truncatula, Morelet, \uU ?].

8 Madagascar ; ex. c. A. Morelet, Esq. [as " B. truncatula, Mori."]

32. Bythinia moniliata.

Bithinia moniliata, Morelet [ubi ?].

6 Ste. Marie, Madagascar ; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn [as " S. moniliata,
Mori/'].

4$ PALUDINID^l.

Subgenus FOSSARULUS, Neumayr.
DenJcschrift, 1881, type F. stachei, Neumayr.

33. Bythinia (Possarulus P) marginata.

Turbo inarginatus, Chemnitz, Conch.-Cab. I ;=Paludina costigera, BecJc, in
Conch.- Cab. II, 1852, pi. VII, figs. 18-19, Bengal, and Con. Indica, pi,
151, fig. 10 ;— Valvata sulcata, Eyd. Sf Soul., Voy. Bonite, 1852; species
of Fossarulus,fide Brusina, Foss. Moll. Dalmatien, fyc., 1874.

30 Karnul, Conjeveram, & S. India ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq., and ex
c. Madras Mus.

30 Ceylon ; coll. E. L. Layard [A. S. B.] and F. Layard, Esqrs.

subvar. curta.
Subvar. curta : long. 6J, diam. 5 J mil.

A short form, apparently constant, with the spire less pro-
duced or exserted.

Typical, common form : long. 7J, diam. 5J mil.

6 Bangalore j coll. Gr. Nevill, Esq.

Subgenus HYDROBIOIDES, nov.
Type Bythinia ? turrita, Blanford.

34. Bythinia (Hydrobioid.es) turrita.

Fairbankia? (an Bytbinia? ) turrita, W. T. Blanford, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1869, KyouJcpoung — long. 6$, diam. 3 mil. ; Nevill, J. A. S. £., 1881, pi.
VI, fig. 15.
1 Kyoukpoung, Burma (type) j coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

A very remarkable form, apparently allied to the Byth.
meneghiniana, Issel, Att. Sc. Torino XXIII, PI. 1, Figs. 12-13,
from Persia.

35. Bythinia (Hydrobioides ?), n. sp.
1 Kacbh ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka,

Both this and the preceding may possibly prove to be more
nearly allied to Hydrobia than to Bythinia.

Genus STENOTHYRA, Benson.

Ann. Mag. XVII, 1856, type S. delta Bs.} for Nematura, Bs., J. A.
S. B., F, 1836 (not of Fischer, 1813, Genus Orthopt.} ; belongs to Sub-
fern. Hydrobiince, fide Stimpson.

PALUDINID22. 43

1. Stenothyra deltee.

Nematura deltse, Benson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, V, 1836, Calcutta, long,
4 to 5, diam. 2\ to 3% mil.

100 Chandipal, Pt. Canning, Calcutta, and Bhagalpur ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka,
G. Nevill, J. B. Baxter, and J. Wood-Mason, Esqrs.

Long. 5J, diam. 3J mil.

subvar. minor.
20 Pt. Canning : coll. G. Nevill and J. Wood-Mason, Esqrs

Long. 4, diam. 2J mil.

subvar. minima.
10 Pt. Canning ; coll. G. Nevill and J. Wood-Mason, Esqrs.

Long. 2|, diam. 1| mil.

I can see no difference, even under the lens, between any
of the preceding, except in size ; there are intermediate forms.

2. Stenothyra, n. sp.

1 Chandipal, Bay of Bengal ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

3. Stenothyra, n. sp.

2 Sonmiani, Mekran Coast ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

4. Stenothyra glabra.

Stenothyra glabra, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. 1861, Peiho.

24 Swatow, Amoy, and Tokoham (Formosa) j coll. E. Hungerford, Esq.

5. Stenothyra, sp.

1 Japan ? j ex Mr. R. Damon (as " 8f. glabra, A. Ad.")

6. Stenothyra strigilata.

Stenothyra strigilata, Benson, Ann. Mag. XVII, 1856, Borneo ; long. 7,
diam. 4 mil.

3 Sarawak ; ex c. Prof. A. Issel.

44 PALUDINID^J.

7. Stenothyra hungerfordiana.

Stenothyra hungerfordiana, G. Nevill, J. A. S. B. 1880, Andamans,
and op, c. 1881, pi. VII, Jiff. 9.

16 Andamans ; coll. Dr. P. Sfcoliczka and Rev. J. Warneford.

8. Stenothyra monilifera.

Stenothyra monilifera, Benson, Ann. Mag. XVII, 1856, Mergui — long. 4%,
diam.3 ; Con. Indica, pi. 37, jig. 4; ?=S.puncticulata, Gld., Journ. Boston
Soc. II, 1847, Tavoy—long. £, lat. \ poll, [not of A. Adams, P. Z. S.
1851, Eastern Isl.—from Cochin- China, fide Mor. 1875'].

1 Akyab; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

1 Amherst, Burma ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka (labelled " St. sulgranosa,
Blf.").

var. ( ? dist. sp.).
1 Penang j coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

9. Stenothyra, sp.

1 Shanghai; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka (3|, 2J).

10. Stenothyra glabrata.

Stenothyra glabrata, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851, Penang ; Benson, Ann.
Mag. XII, 1856 — long. 3 to 5|, diam. 2 to 3% mil. and var. olivacea=St.
olivacea, A. Ad., 1. c. [sine Hal.~\.

20 Penang; ex Mr, R. Damon and India House Museum,

11. Stenothyra polita (?).

Stenothyra polita, Sowerly MS, A. Adams, P. Zool, Soc. 1851 [loo. ?J
and Benson, Ann. Mag. XVII, 1856 : long. 6%, diam. 4$ mil., from
Singapore.

1 Penang ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka,

12. Stenothyra foveolata.

Stenothyra foveolata, Benson, Ann. Mag. XVII, 1856, long. 5, diam. 3£
mil, SiJcrigali ; Con. Indica, pi. 37, jig 3, "from unique type."

var. minor.
1 Sikrigali, Bengal ; coll. Dr. T. Oldharn.

PALUDINIM. 45

13. Stenothyra blanfordiana.

Stenothyra blanfordiana, G. Nevill, J. A. S. B., 1880, CUlJca Lake, #<?.,
and op. c. 1881, pi. VII, fig. 11.

5 Chilka Lake (type) ; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq.
30 Pt. Canning ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, J. B. Baxter, and G. Nevill,

Esqrs.

var. (? dist. sp.)

10 Arakan ; coll. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

1 Penang ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

3 Singapore; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

14. Stenothyra minima.

Stenothyra minima, Sowerby, Charlesworth' s Mag. I, 1837, long. 0. 15 inch,
" W. I." ; Benson, Ann. Mag. XVII, 1856, long. 2, diam. 1 mil. ; Con.
Indica, pi. 37, fig. 1, Western India.

20 Kathiawar and Bombay; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank and F. Fedden,
Esq.

2 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. (as " St. ceylonica, n. sp.").
5 Madras; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

var. perobvia.

8 Little Bann at Kura, Kathiawar (subfossil) ; coll. F. Fedden, Esq.
var. (? dist. sp.)

3 Arakan ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

15. Stenothyra, n. sp.

1 Arakan ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

16. Stenothyra, n. sp.

1 Penang ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

var. minor (? dist. sp.)

2 Malacca ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

17. Stenothyra cingulata.

Stenothyra cingulata, Benson, Ann. Mag. XVII, 1856, Penanff, "coll.
Cantor," long. 5, diam. 3 mil.

1 Penang (typical); ex c. India House Museum (coll. Cantor).

46 RISSOIDJB.

18. Stenothyra, sp.

1 Java (?) ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen.
Not the species figured by Mousson.

19. Stenothyra woodmasoniana.

Stenothyra woodmasoniana, Q. Nevill, J. A. S. B. 1880, Pt. Canning, long.
31, diam. (vix) 2 mil., and op. c., 1881, pi. VII, Jig. 8.

10 Port Canning (type) ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.

4 Family RISSOUXE, Gray.

Subfamily HYDROBIIN^l, Troschel [emend.].

GENUS HYDROBIA, Hartmann.

Sturm, Fauna Deutschland, 1821, types S. acuta, vitrea, and minuta \_sine
descr."] ; type restricted Hydr. acuta, Drop., Fischer, J. de C. 1878; =
Paludestrina, Orb. (pars), Voy. Amer. Merid. 1839, p. 381, type P. nigra,
Orb. tyc. ;=jEcrobia, Stimpson, 1865, type Turbo minutus, Totten ;=Lit-
torinella, Braun, 1842, and of Thomae, Jahrb. Per. Naturk. Nassau, IIt
p. 125, 1845, type Hydr. acuta, Drap. ; = Peringia, Palad., Ann. Sci.
Natur. 1874, type H. ulvae, Mtg. ; sect. = Thermhydrobia, Paulucci
1878, type Hydrobia aponensis, v. Martens.

The animal of Hydrobia [as " Littorinella"~] is generically
distinct from that of Peringia [as " Hydrobia"] , according to
Stimpson. Gray, in Turton's Manual, 1840, proposed Turbo
ulvae, Pennant, as type of the genus, but this cannot, however,
be so accepted, because it was not one of Hartmann's original
type species.

1. Hydrobia ulvse.

Turbo Ulvae, Pennant, Brit. Zool. 1776; fide Jejfreys=Pal. muriatica, Lam.
and [p. 3W]=Cycl. anatinum, Drap. ; fide March, 1871=H. Jeverensis,
Schroter, with var. grandis,from Denmark, long. 91 mil.

20 Shoreham and Wey mouth ; coll. G. Nevill and T. F, Nevill, Esqrs.

RISSOID^J. 47

var. obeliscus.

Assiminea obeliscus, Paladilhe, Rev. Mag. Zool. I860, long. 5, diam. 3 mil.,
River Macte ; emend. Palad., 1874, long. 7, diam. 3| mil., as Peringia
obeliscus.

14 " Marees de la Macte," Oran ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. (as " Peringia obe-

Kacus, Pal.")-

var. pictonum.

Peringia pictonum, Paladilhe, Ann. Sti. Nat. I, 1874, Charente Inf:
and Vendee — long. 6 to 7, diam. 3% mil.

20 Lake Ossigor [S. W. France] ; coll. Marquis de Folin.

Monterosato (1878) considered this variety as a good species :
it seems to me scarcely separable. Dr. Kobelt adopts for this
species the name of Hydr. stagnalis, Bast., " to which he joins
ventrosa, Mtg.", as a variety, but separates Hydr. laltica,
Nilss. as a distinct species.

2. Hydrobia ventrosa.

Turbo ventrosus, Montagu, Test. Brit. II, 1803 ; fide Jeffrey s=Cycl. acu-
tum, Drap. 1805 ; fide MorcTi, 1871, should le H. stagnalis, Raster
(1762) = ventrosa, Mtg. = laltica, Nilss. = H. octona, Lin.

20 England ; coU. G. Nevill, Esq.
3 Neuwerk (Germany) ; ex " Linnsea".

var. baltica [ ? dist. sp.]

Paludina balthica, Nilsson, Hist. Moll. Sueciae, 1822, Baltic ; fide Sars =
Cingula minuta, Totten.

3 Oldenburg; ex "Linnaja" (as "H. baltica, Nilss.").

3. Hydrobia, sp.

7 Oran ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. (as " H. Oranensis, Bourg.").

var. (? dist. sp.)
6 Oran; coll. P. Joly, Esq. (3i, If).

4. Hydrobia peraudieri,

Hydrobia Peraudieri, Bourguignat, Rev. Mag. Zool. 1862, Biskra, Tuggurt,
and fossil at G-eryville — long. 6 to 7, diam. 1\ mil.

48 EISSOID2B.

var. minor.

10 " Marees de la Macte," Oran ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. (3f , 1-Jg).

5. Hydrobia minuta.

Cingula nr nuta, Totten ms., Gould, Invert. Massach. 1841, New England ;
fi e Sars — Pal. lalthica, Nilss.

30 Massachusetts ; coll. Revd. E. R. Beadle, &c.

6. Hydrobia girardoti.

Peringia Girardoti, Paladilhe, Ann. Sci. nat. I, 1874, Loire Inf. — long. 6,
diam. 3 mil. ; fide KobeH=Hydr. stagnalis, var.

20 Loire Inf. ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq. (as " H. muriatica, Lam/')

7. Hydrobia brondeli.

Hydrobia Brondeli, Bourguignat, Rev. Mag. Zool. 1862, Oran, Algiers, "Bone
fyc. ; long. 4, diam. 2 mil. and var. lanceolata, from Tlemcen, Bone fyc. ;
fide Palad. = Hydr. acuta, Morelet, Moll. Portugal (not of Drap.J.

Dr. Kobelt considers both Hydr. brondeli and arenaria,
Bourguignat, as varieties of Hydr. acuta, Drap.

var. minor.

8 Oranj coU. P. Joly Esq. (3, H).

8. Hydrobia gagatinella.

Paludina gagatinella, Parreyss ms., KHster, Conch.-Cal. I, 1852, Dal-
matia.

3 Pago, Dalmatia; ex "Linnaea" [Frankfurt].

9. Hydrobia kutschigii.

Paludina Kutschigii, Kuster, Conch.-Cab. 1, 1852, Dalmatia.

2 Scardona, Dalmatia; ex "Linnaea."

10. Hydrobia consociella.

Hydrobia consociella, von Frauenfeld, Ver. zool.-lot. Gesellsch, Wien, 1863,
Dalmatia.

3 Spalato, Dalmatia; ex "Linnaea."

RISSOID^S. 49

11. Hydrobia achaja.

Hydrobia achaja, Clessin, MalaJc. Bldt. XXV, 1878, Eubcea.
8 Euboeaj ex "Linnsea" and P. Bouvier, Esq.

12. Hydrobia thiesseae.

Hydrobia Tlriessese, Clessin (ubi 1).

8 Euboea ; ex " Linnsea" and P. Bouvier, Esq.
Seems to me scarcely separable from the preceding.

13. Hydrobia aponensis.

Hydrobia aponensis, von Martens, Wiegm. Arch. 1867, Abano, for Paludina
thervnalis, Kuster, Sfc. (not of Lin.) ; sect. Thermhydrobia.

3 Abano (Padua) ; ex " Linnaea" (as « Hydr. thernialis, Lin.").

Subgenus BYTHINELLA, Moquin-Tandon.

J. de C. 1851, p. 239, and Hist. Moll. 1856, type Bulimus viridis, Poiret ;
sect. = Belgrandia, Bourg., Moll, quart. Seine, 1869, type P. gibba Drap.;
sect. = Vitrella, Clessin, 1877, type P. pellucida, Benz ; sect. = Frauen-
feldia, Clessin, 1879, type F. lacTieineri^ Clessin ; sect. = Maresia, Bourg.,
Bull. Soc. Toulouse, 1877, type Hydr. dolicMa, Bourg.; sect. = Stimpsoma,
Clessin, Mai. Bldt. XXV, 1878.

Dr. Kobelt joins the sections Maresia and Frauenfeldia ; but
if this is adopted, the former name must have priority. M. de
Folin has suggested that the group Vitrella may be the same
as his Locardia ; M. Bourguignat considers them as distinct :
if they prove identical, both names must yield priority to M.
Bourguignat's genus Lliotelleria, which is unmistakeably the
same as Locardia.

14. Hydrobia (Bythinella) obtusa.

Paludinella obtusa, Lea, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. IX, 1844, Ohio ; sect.
Stimpsonia.

2 New York ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

15. Hydrobia (Bythinella) binneyi.

Pomatiopsis Binneyi, Tryon, P. Philad. Ac. 1863, Bolinas, California ;
? sect. Stimpsonia.

20 Baulines Bay ; coll. Prof. E, C. Stearns.

50 RlSSOID^l.

16. Hydrobia (Bythinella) lanceolata.

Hydrobia lanceolata, Paladilhe, Rev. and Mag. ZooL 1869, St. Jean de Lriz.
30 Bayonne ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

17. Hydrobia (Bythinella), sp.
3 Alsace ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq.

var. (?).
3 Alsace ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq.

18. Hydrobia (Bythinella) ligurica.

Hydrobia Ligurica, Paladilhe, Rev. Mag. Zool. XIX, 1S67, Finale \_N.
* Italy],

1 Alassio ; coll. Gr. Nevill, Esq. .

19. Hydrobia (Bythinella) saxatilis.

Hydrobia saxatilis, Reynies, ms., Dupuy, Moll. Fr. 1851, p. 561, Montauban ;
fide Paladilhe, of" Lettre a M. Moquin-Tandon, 1843, pi. I, Jig. 3.

6 Cantal ; coll. P. Breviere, Esq.

var. [ ? dist. sp.]

7 Bayonne ; coll. G. Nevill and Marquis de Folin.

Has a smaller aperture, more produced spire, and less obtuse
apex than the preceding. Dr. Kobelt considers it a species of
the section Frauenfeldia.

20. Hydrobia (Bythinella) uzielliana.

Bythinia Uzielliana, Issel, Moll. Miss. Persia, 1865, p. 19— long. 2\, diam.
1$ mil.— hot-water springs at Kerman.

100 Asupas, Sabestan and Karinan (Persia) ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

21. Hydrobia (Bythinella) peracuta.

Hydrobia peracuta, Paladilhe, Rev. Mag. Zool. 1869, " Lyon" and " Nyons "
[Switzerland'] — long. 3, diam. 1% mil.

3 Alsace ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq.

var. [? dist. sp.]
3 Alsace ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq.

EISSOIDJE. 51

22. Hydrobia (Bythinella) viridis.

Bulimus viridis, Poiret, Prod. Moll. Aisne, 1801.

9 France ; coll. A. Malherbe, Esq. [A. S. B.]
2 Grasse ; ex " Linnaea."

23. Hydrobia (Bythinella) elachista.

Hydrobia elachista, Sourguignat, Rev. Mag. Zool. 1862, p. 112 — long. 3,
diam. 2 mil. — Constantino ; sect. Frauenfeldia, fide Kobelt.

7 Constantino ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq.

24. Hydrobia (Bythinella) n. sp,

2 Clieragas, Algeria ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

25. Hydrobia (Bythinella) n. sp. [?]

Conf. Paludina minutissirna, Schmidt, Conch,.- Cab. II, pi. 13, fig. 26—27+
" Krain."

1 Marees de la Macte, Oraii ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. [long. If m.]

26. Hydrobia (Bythinella) carinulata.

Hydrobia carinulata, Drouet, Moll. C6te d' Or, 1867, Dijon.
30 Dijon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

27. Hydrobia (Bythinella) rubiginosa.

Paludina rubiginosa, Boubee, Bull. Hist. Nat. 1833, St. Girons (Arrtge) ;
fide Moquin-Tandon — Hydr. viridis, Poiret, var, [not Palad.^.

30 Ariege ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq.

28. Hydrobia (Bythinella) abbreviata.

Paludina abbreviata, Mickaud, Compl. Drap. 1831, Lyons.
20 S. Saulge (Dep, Nievre) ; coll. P. Breviere, Esq.

29. Hydrobia (Bythinella) reyniesi.

Hydrobia Reyniesi, Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr. 1851, Cauterets,<$fc.;fide Fischer
= Hydrobia canaliculata, Palad. 1869, " pres Cierp ;" sect. Frauenfeldia, t
Kobelt.

7 Cauterets ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

52 EISSOID^.

30. Hydrobia (Bythinella) etrusca.

Hydrobia Etrusca, Paladilhe, Rev. Mag. Zool. XIX, 1867, nr. Florence—
long. £f, diam. 1$ mil.

1 Alassio [Liguria] ; coll, G. Nevill, Esq.

31. Hydrobia (Bythinella) servainiana.

Hydrobia Servainiana, Bourguiguat ms., Paladilhe, Ann. Malac. 1870, St.
Jean de Luz, Dep. de I'Herault — long. 3, diam. 1% mil.

8 Hamman Sidi Djabellay (Algeria) ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq. (as " H.
servainiana").

32. Hydrobia (Bythinella) marginata.

Paludina marginata, Michaud, Compl. Drap. 1831, Draguignan \_Dept.
Tar'] ; sect. Belgrandia.

1 Dep. Ariege ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq.

33. Hydrobia (Bythinella) nana/

Paludina nana, Terver, Cat. Moll. N. Africa 1839, Bougie $ Guelma ; sect.
Frauenfeldia, fide Kobelt.

25 Algiers ; coU. P. Joly, Esq.

34. Hydrobia (Bythinella) glabra.

Hydrobia glabra, Tryon, Amer. Journ. Conch. 1, 1865, Bolivia, " ex c. New*
coinb."

30 Bolivia (typical) ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb and W. A. Brown, Esq.

35. Hydrobia (Bythinella) miliacea.

Hydrobia (Belgraiidia) iniliacea, G. Nevill, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1880,
PL Canning, and op. cit. 1881, pi. VII, fig. 7 ; sect. Belgrandia.

100 Port Canning, Lower Bengal [type]; coll. G. Nevill, Esq., and Colonel
G. B. Mainwaring.

subvar. gibbosula, nov.
1 Port Canning ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

subvar. subangulata, nov.

10 Port Canning; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
4 Chilka Lake ; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq.

RISSOUXE. 53

var. minor [? dist. species],

Hydrobia miliacea, var. minor, G. Nevill, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1880
—long. 2, diam. 1\ mil. — Pt. Canning.

20 Port Canning ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and G. Nevill, Esq.

36. Hydrobia (Bythinella ?), n. sp. (?)

? Paludinella subsinuata, DunJcer, MalaJc. Slat. 1862, Pondicherry.

50 Lake Negumbo, Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [as " H. ceylanica,
n. sp."]

37. Hydrobia (Bythinella ?) n. sp.

4 Sind; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
1 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank.

Probably two distinct species.

38. Hydrobia (Bythinella ?) n. sp.

1 Brackish- water Lake, Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

39. Hydrobia (Bythinella) austriaca.

Paludinella Austriaca, von Frauenfeld, Sitz. K. AJcad. Wissens. Wien, XXII,
1862, Lower Austria.

2 Carynthia [Austria] ; ex " Linnsea."

40. Hydrobia (Bythinella) dunkeri.

Paludinella Dunkeri, von Frauenfeld, Sitz. K. AJcad. Wissens. Wien, XXII,
1862.

3 " Biedenkopf " [Germany] ; ex " Linnaea."

41. Hydrobia (BythineUa) lacheineri-

Paludina Lacheineri, Charpentier ms., Kiister, Conch.- Cab. II, 1853, Gratz
and LaibacJi ; sect. Frauenfeldia.

3 Mantua [Italy] ; ex " Linnaa."

2 Venice ; ex c. C. F. Ancey, Esq.

42. Hydrobia (Bythinella) schmidti.

Paludina Schmidtii, Charpentier ms., Kuster, Conch.-Cab. II, 1852, Laibach.

3 Carynthia ; ex " Linnsea."

54

var. cyclolabris.

Palndinella cyclolabris, JRossmassler ms., v. Frauenfeld, Ver. zool.-lot. Oes.
Wien, 1863.

2 Hall, Tyrol ; ex c. C. F. Ancey, Esq.

43. Hydrobia (Bythinella) charpentieri.

Amnicola Charpentieri, Both, MalaJc. Bl. II, 1856, Attica— long. 3\, diam.
S\ mil.

2 "Fame's," France [?] ; ex " Linnjea."

44. Hydrobia (Bythinella) opaca.

Paludinella opaca, Ziegler ms., von Frauenfeld, Sitz. K. AJcad. Wissens.
Wien, XXII, 1862.

2 Carniola [Austria] ; ex " Linnsea."

45. Hydrobia (Bythinella) lata.

Paludinella lata, von Frauenfeld, Ver. K. zool.-lot. Ges. Wien, 1863,
Hungary.

2 Kaschau [Hungary] ; ex " Linnaea."

46. Hydrobia (Bythinella) parvula.

Paludina parvula, Hutton, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1849, KojucJc Pass,
Chummun — anfr. 4, long, -^th inch.; Con. Ind.pl. 151, fig. 8, Afghan-
istan, also Ahmednugger ; probably = Bythinia globula, Lea, 1856,
« India and tanks at Calcutta" [/]
I have not seen any species of the genus from Afghanistan

or the North- West Frontier.

The species is not represented in the Museum.

47. Hydrobia (Bythinella) gibba.

Cyclostoma gibbum, Draparnaud, Hist. Moll. France, 1805 [sine Hal.'] /
sect. Belgrandia.

3 South France ; ex " Linnaea.'*

48. Hydrobia (Bythinella) californica.

Hydrobia Californica, Tryon, Amer. Journ. Conch. I, 1865, Oakland, tyc.
15 Oakland, California ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.

49. Hydrobia (Bythinella) dolichia.

Hydrobia dolichia, Bourguignat, Malac. Alg. 1864, p. 236 — long. 2? to 2|,
diam. 1 mil. — Geryville and Boghar ; sect. Maresia.

5 Edough [B6ne] ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq.

RISSOIMJ. 55

Sub-Genus TRYONIA, Stinipson.
Smithsonian Misc. Coll. VII, 1865, type T. elathrata, Stimpson.

50. Hydrobia (Tryonia) protea.

Amnicola protea, Gould, Proc. Boston Soc. V, 1855, Colorado Desert.
18 Desert, E. of California; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

Sub-Genus PSEUD AMNICOLA, Paulucci.

Mater. Malac. Hal. 1878, type Paludina similis, Drop, [for Amnicola,
Authors, not of Gould and Hald.~\.

61. Hydrobia (Pseudamnicola) similis.

Cyclostoma simile, Draparnaud, Hist. Moll. Fr. 1805 [sine JSTaJ.] ; Jids
Jeffreys, Hydr, anatina, Auct. [not of Poiret or Drap.~\.

2 Boufarick [Algiers] ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

3 England ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

52. Hydrobia (Pseudamnicola) dupotetiana.

Paludina Dupotetiana, Forbes, Ann. Mag. 1838, Bougie.

30 Maison Carree [Algiers] ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.
7 Biskra; coll. P. Joly, Esq. [3J, 2$].
6 Boghar; coll. P. Joly, Esq. [as " Hy. lutea"].

53. Hydrobia (Pseudamnicola) subproducta.

Hydrobia subproducta, Paladilke, Rev. Mag. Zool. 1866, Catalonia and
Pyrenees OrientaleSj " errata," p. 40, for Hy. spirata, Paladilhe, I. c. [not
of Requien].

10 Cartagena [Spain] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

54. Hydrobia (Pseudamnicola) macrostoma.

Paludina macrostoma, Kilster, Conch.- Cab. II, 1853, Athens.
2 Chalcis [Greece] ; ex " Linnaea."

55. Hydrobia (Pseudamnicola) seminula.

Amnicola seminula, Charpentier ms., von Frauenfeld, Ver. zool.-lot.
Ges. Wien, 1863, p. 1027, Arcadia— long. 1'5, diam. 1'3 mil.

8 Euboaa; ex " Linnaea" and P. Bouvier, Esq.

56. Hydrobia (Pseudamnicola) negropontina.

Amnicola negropontina, Clessin, Maldk. Slat. XXV, 1878, Eub&a.
4 Euboaa ; ex " Linneea. "

56 RISSOID^l.

57. Hydrobia (Pseudamnicola) vestita.

Amnicola vestita, Benoit (uli ?).

4 " Madon£e, " Greece ; ex " Lhmaea."

58. Hydrobia (Pseudamnicola) conovula.

Amnicola conovula, von Frauenfeld, Ver. zool.-lot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1863, p.
1026, Pago, Sfc.

3 Pago ; ex " Linnaea " [as " Amnicola " sp.]

2 Dalmatia ; ex " Linnaea " £aS " Lithoglyphus" sp. !]

Genus AMNICOLA, Gould and Haldeman.

Sup. Monogr. Limniades, p. 3, 1840; fide Gould, Invert. MassacJi. 1841,
p. 228, type A. porata, Say ; genus of subfam. Fluminicolinae, fide
Clessin, 1880.

1. Amnicola (?) petenensis.

Amnicola petenensis, Morelet, Test. nov. II, 1851, Central America.

4 Yucatan [typical] ; coll. A. Morelet, Esq.

2. Amnicola (?), sp.

1 Maranon ; coll. A. Morelet, Esq.

Labelled " Assiminea atomus, Mhlf." ; it is not, however,
Amnicola atomaria, Mhlf., as figured by Kuster.

3. Amnicola (?) succinea.

Paludina succinea, Pfeiffer, Wiegm. Arch. VI, 1840, Cuba; fide von Frauen-
feld sp. of Assiminea.

1 Cuba; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

4. Amnicola pallida.

Amnicola pallida, Haldeman, Mon. Limniades, Pt. 4, 1842, Lake Champlain.
16 New York; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

5. Amnicola cincinnatiensis.

Paludina cincinnatiensis, Anthony, Journ. Boston Soc. Ill, 1840, Cincinnati.
18 New York ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb and E. C. Stearns.

6. Amnicola limosa.

Paludina limosa, Sayt J. Ac. Philad* I, 1817, Rv. Delaware, $c»
50 New York ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb, &c.

BISSOIDJE. 57

7. Amnicola granum.

Paludina grana, Say, J. Ac. Nat. Sci. II, 1822, Pennsylvania.
40 Michigan ; coll. W. A. Brown, Esq.

8. Amnicola sayana.

Amnicola sayana, Anthony ms., Haldeman, J. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad, VIII,
1842, Cincinnati ; = Cyclostoma cincinnatiense, Lea, P. Amer. PJiilos.
Soc. 1840.

30 Ohio; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb and W. A. Brown, Esq.

The radula is very different from that of the type species,
comp. Clessin, Mai. Bl. 1880 !

9. Amnicola badia.

Amnicola badia, Gould, P. Boston Soc. Ill, 1848, BanTcsPen., Neio Zealand.

14 Lake Ellmere, New Zealand ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
2 New Zealand; coll. J. Caldwell, Esq.

10. Amnicola antipodarum.

Amnicola antipodarum, Gray, Diejf. Travels, p. 241, 1850, N. Zealand $
Smith. Moll, Erebus and Terror, pi. 6 ; ? sp. of Pomatopyrgus.

4 Lake Letitia, N. Zealand ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

11. Amnicola panamensis.

Hydrobia Panamensis, Ancey [in litt.~\.
4 Panama ; ex c. C. F. Ancey, Esq.

Subgemis POMATOPYRGUS, Stimpson.

Amer. J. Con. I, 1865, and Smithsonian Misc. Coll. VII, 1855, type
Melania corolla, Gould.

12. Amnicola (Pomatopyrgus) corolla.

Melania corolla, Gould, P. Boston, Soc. 11,1847, N. Zealand; = A. cumin-
giana, Fischer, J. de C. 1859, N. Zealand; var. ? = A. salleana, Fischer,
I. c., N. Zealand.

2 Locality ? ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

13. Amnicola (Pomatopyrgus) coronata.

Paludina coronata, Pfeiffer, Wiegm. Arch. I, vol. VI, 1840, No. 76, Cuba ;
= Paludestrina candeana, Orb., Moll. Cuba, 1841 ; var. 1 = Paludina

58 IllSSOIDJE.

crystallina, Pfr., I. c. No. 77, and Melania spinifera, Adams, P.
Bost. S. Illy 1851, Jamaica ; fide Shut. Sfc., var. s. = A. anthracina,
Mighels, P. B. S. 1845, = P. Jamaicensis, Adams, = P. cisternicola,
Morelet; fide v. Martens, 1873 = crystallina = candeana = cisterni-
cola = ornata.

10 Guadaloupe ; ex c. Prof. W- Newcomb (sent as " A. candeana ").
2 Jamaica ; ex "Linnsea" (as "A. candeana, Orb.").
1 Portorico ; ex Mr. G. Schneider.

14. Amnicola (Pomatopyrgus) ornata.

Amnicola ornata, Morelet, Test. nov. II, 1851, Republic San Salvador ; fide
Fischer, 1860, = A. coronata, var.

6 Guatemala [typical] ; coll. A. Morelet, Esq,

15. Amnicola (Pomatopyrgus) crystallina.

Paludina crystallina, Pfeiffer, Wiegm. Arch. 1, 1840, No. 77, Cuba-, Conch.-
Cab. II, pi. X,fig. 7, 8 ; fide Fischer, 1860, A. coronata Pfr., var. inermis.

2 Guadaloupe j ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb (mixed with A. coronata).
1 Portories; ex Mr. G. Schneider.

I cannot help thinking that Shuttleworth and others have con-
founded two distinct, though variable, forms, living together on
most of the West Indian Islands.

16. Amnicola (Pomatopyrgus) Jamaicensis.

Paludina jamaicensis, C. JB. Adams, P. Boston Soc. Ill, 1851, Jamaica ;
A. coronata, var. fide Shut., fyc.

10 Jamaica; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn.
7 Jamaica; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

I cannot bring myself to believe this a mere variety of A.
coronata.

Genus COCHLIOPA, Stimpson.

Am. J. Conch. 1, 1865, and Smithsonian Misc. Coll. VII, 1865, type Amni-
cola rowelli, Tryon ; genus of subfam. Fluminicolina, fide Clessin 1880.

Not in the Museum collection.

Genus FLUMINICOLA, Stimpson.

Smithsonian Misc. Coll. VII, 1865, type Pal. nuttalliana, Lea ; genus
ofsubfam. Fluminicolince,fide Clessin, 1880.

59

1. Fhiminicola nuttalliana.

Paludina Nuttalliana, Lea, Trans. Amer. PUlos. Soc. VI, 1839, Columbia
Hiver, Oregon.

8 Oregon ; coll. Profs. W. Newcomb and E. C. Stearns.

Genus GILLIA, Stimpson.

Amer. J. Conch. I, 1865, and Smithsonian Misc. Coll. VII, 1865, type
Melania altilis, Lea ; genus of subfam. Fluminicolince,fide Clessin, 1880.

1. Gillia altilis.

Melania altilis, Lea, Proc. Amer. PUlos. Soc. II, 1841, S. Carolina.
2 Potomac Rv. ; coU. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

2. Gillia integra.

Melania integra, Say, N. H. Dissem. II, 1829, Ohio Rv.; Somatogyrus sp.
fide Binney, 1865.

4> United States ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle.
1 Florida; ex Mr. G. Schneider.

Genus SOMATOGYRUS, Gill.

P. PTiilad. Acad. 1863, type Amnicola depressa, Tryon ; genus of subfam.
Fluminicolince,fide Clessin, 1880.

1. Somatogyrus isogonus.

Melania isogona, Say, N. H. Dissem. II, 1829, Louisville.

6 Kentucky and N. York ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle and E. C. Stearns.

Genus LITHOGLYPHUS, Ziegler, ms.

C. Pfeijfer, Deutsch. Moll. Ill, 1828, type L. naticoides, Fer. [fide
Stimpson, of Hartmann, 1S21~\ ; genus of subfam. Fluminivolince, fide
Clessin, 1880.

There is a Lith. liliputanus, Gredler, Jahrb. 1881, from
China.

1. Lithoglyphus prasinus.

vphus prasinus, KoTceil ms., F. J. ^
?r, Conch.-Cab. II, 1852, Carynthia

1 Klagenf urt [Carynthia] ; ex " Linnaea.'

Litlioglyphus prasinus, KoTceil ms., F. J. Schmidt, Conch. Krain, 1847, and
Kuster, Conch.-Cab. II, 1852, Carynthia.

60 RISSOID^!.

2. Lithoglyphus naticoides.

Lithoglyphus naticoides, Ferussac ms., C. Pfeiffer, Deutsch. Moll. Ill, 1828,
Austria [fide Sourg. not of Kilster],

3 Marosch river, Transylvania ; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham.

3. Lithoglyphus martabanensis.

Lithoglyphus martabanensis, Theobald, J. Asiat. S. Seng. 1870, Prov.
Martaban — " with sp. of Paludina, Sfc."

3 Near Moulmein [typical?] ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

I consider this undoubtedly a true Lithoglyplius. It bears
considerable resemblance to some of the forms that have been
described as Jullienia.

4. Lithoglyphus fuscus.

Lithoglyphus fuscus, Ziegler, ms., C. Pfeiffer, Deutsch. Moll. Ill, 1828,
Krain.

12 Mitrovitch [?] ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

5. Lithoglyphus pannonicus.

Lithoglyphus pannonicus, von Frauenfeld, Ver. K. zool.-bot. Ges. 1865>
Hungary.

2 Hungary; ex "Linnaea."

6. Lithoglyphus fluminensis.

Lithoglyphus fluminensis, Sadler ms., Schmidt, Conch. Krain, 1847 [as of
Lang}, and Kuster, Conch.- Cab. II, 1852, pi. 12, fig. 18— 21, Krain ;
fide von Frauenfeld ? = L. naticoides, var.

2 Carynthia ; ex " Linnaea/*

7. Lithoglyphus pygmseus.

Lithoglyphus pygmaaus, von Frauenfeld, Ver. K. zool.-oot. Ges, 1863>
Croatia.

4 Crahova, Dalmatia ; ex " Linnaea" and P. Joly, Esq.

8. Lithoglyphus [?] tricostatus.

Lithoglyphus tricostatus, Brot, J. de C. XT, 1867, River Uruguay, Prov. of
Entre-Rios, " allied to L. ouschii, Dlcr. and L. [Paludestrina] peristo —
mata, Orb."

2 South America ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

RISSOIM. 61

Seems to me to belong to an altogether different group from
the European species.

Subgenus SPEKIA, Bourguignat.
Descr. esp. Moll. 1879, type Lithoglyphus zonatus, Woodward.

9. Lith.oglyph.us (Spekia) zonatus.

Lithoglyphus zonatus, Woodward, P. Zool. 8. 1859, Lake Nyanza.
1 Lake Tanganyika j ex Mr. R. Damon.

Subgenus JULLIENIA, Crosse and Fischer.
J. de C. XXIV, 1876, type Melaniaflava, Deshayes, Cambodia.
Not represented in the Museum.

Subgenus LAGUNOPSIS, Deshayes and Jullien.
Nouv.Arch. Mus. X, 1874, typeL.Jullieni, Deshayes,Camlodia [as Genus'].

Lithoglyphus martabanensis, Theobald, may possibly prove to
belong to this group, but I think this will prove to be not the
case.

Not represented in the Museum.

Genus EMMERICIA, Brumati.

Foss. Moll. Dalmatien, 1874, type Pal. patula, Brum. ; genus of subfam.
Emmericince,fide Clessin, 1880.

1. Emmericia patula.

Paludina patula, Brumati, Cat. Conch. Monfalcone, 1838, and Kuster,
Conch.- Cab. II, pi. 8, fig. 15—22.

var. expansilabris.

Conch.-Cab. II, 1852, pi. 8, fig. 18-22, as Pal. patula, Srum. = Pal.
expansilabris, Miihlfeld, in Hit.

2 Obbrowazzo, Dalmatia; ex "Linnsea."

M. Bourguignat in his Monograph of the genus, p. 89, con-
siders this form — doubtless correctly — as a distinct species.

62 RISSOID^J.

Genus PACHYDROBIA, Grosse and Fischer.

J. de C. XXIV, 1876, type P. paradoxa, Cr. and F.; genus of Fam.
Rissoidce, fide Martens; fide Poirier, J. de C. 1881, belongs to the Hydro-
bince, next allied to Ottilia.

1. Pachydrobia parva.

Pachychilus parvus, Lea, P. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. I III, 1856, Siam ; =
Melania crassilabrum, Reeve, Icon. 1860 ; = Paludomus cyanostomus,
Morelet, J. de C. 1864, Siam.

4 Cambodia; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

2. Pachydrobia paradoxa.

Pachydrobia paradoxa, Crosse and Fischer, J. de C., 1876, Cambodia.

1 Locality ? ; ex " Linnsea."

Genus HEMISTOMIA, Crosse.
J. de C. 1872, type Hemistomia caledonica, Crosse.

1. Hemistomia caledonica.

Hemistomia Caledonica, Crosse, J. de C. 1872, near Noumea, long. 2\, diam.
f mil.

2 New Caledonia ; ex c, P. Bouvier, Esq.

Genus TRJCULA, Benson.

Calciitta J. Nat. Hist. 1842, type T. montana, Benson ; fide Stimpson,
StoliczTca and Stanford, belongs to Fam. Rissoidce.

1. Tricula montana.

Tricula montana, Benson, Calc. J. Nat. Hist. 1842, and Ann. Mag. 1862,
Bhimthal, at 4,000 ft., Kumaon ; Con. Indica, pi. 155, fig. 1.

10 Nynee Thai ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
7 Bhinathal [? typical] ; ex c. Asiatic Society, Bengal.

var. CUrta, nov.

2 Jliiri Valley, at 3,000 feet [N. Cachar] ; coU. Colonel H. H. Godwin-
Austen.

Genus BAIKALIA, von Martens [emend.~\.

Jahrb. Mai. Ges. 1876, for Limnorea, Dybowslci, 1878 [not of Leach, <f*c.)]
type B. angarensis, Qerst. ; sect. = Liobaikalia, Martens, Jahrb. 1876,
type B. stiedae, Dyb. ; sect, = Dybowskia, Dall, P. £. S. 1876, type £.
ciliata, Dyb.

RISSOI1XE. 63

Clessin, in the Nachrichtsblatt for 1878, p. 126, considers
Lartetia, Bourguignat, as a close ally, and that both should
constitute- a family between the Rissoida? and Melaniidse ; in
1880 he classes the group as part of the latter.

1. Baikalia stiedse.

Leucosia Stiedse, Dyboivslci, Acad. Imp. St. Petersburg, 1875, Lake Baikal ;
sect. LiobaiJcalia.

1 Lake Baikal; ex Mr. R. Damon,

Genus TRACHYBAIKALIA, von Martens [emend.].

JaTirl. Mai. Ges. 187 6, for Ligea, DylowsTci, 1875, type T. costata, Dyb. [not
of Fabricius, genus Crust.'] ; sect. = GodlewsTcia, Crosse and Fischer,
J. de C. 1879, type T. turriformis, Dyb.; belongs to Fam. Melaniidce,fide
Clessin.
Not represented in the Museum.

Subfamily SKENEIN^E, Stimpson.

Genus SKENEA, Fleming.
Hist. Brit. Anim. 1828,-type Turbo planorbis, Fabr.

l. Skenea planorbis.

Turbo planorbis, O. Fabricius, Fauna Greenland, 1780.

8 England ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
10 England ; ex Mr. R. Damon.

Subfamily POMATIOPSIN^, Stimpson.

Genus POMATIOPSIS, Tryon.
P. PJiilad. Ac. 1862, p. 452, type Paludina lapidaria, Say.

1. Pomatiopsis lapidaria.

Paludina lapidaria, Say, J. Ac. Nat. Sci. I, 1817, Missouri to Michigan.

18 Niagara Falls : coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns. ,
12 Michigan; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.

2. Pomatiopsis intermedia.

Pomatiopsis intermedia, Tryon, Am. J. Conch. It 1865, S. E. Oregon.
4 Oregon ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.

64 RISSOID2E.

Subfamily ASSIMINEINJV, Nevill.

Genus ASSIMINEA, Leach, ms.

Gray, Lond. Medic. Repos. 1821 [sine descr."], Fleming, Brit. Anim. 182S,
and Man. Turf on, 1840, type A. grayana, Leach ; sect. = Paludinella,
Pfr., Wiegm. Arch. I, 1841, p. 227, type Helix littorina, Delle Chiaje,
Sicily.

There is a species from the Comoro Islands, Assiminea
parvula, Morelet, J. de C. 1877.

1. Assiminea pinguis.

Assiminea pinguis, von Martens, Ann. Mag. XVII, 1866, Macao, "in a
muddy inlet" — long. 6, diam. 4 mil.

10 Canton River [mouth of — ] ; coll. R. Hungerford. Esq.
Scarcely separable from Assiminea brevicula.

2. Assiminea grayana.

Assiminea grayana, Leach ms., Fleming, Brit. Anim. 1828, near Green-
wich.

6 Mouth of the Thames ; coll. E. Webster, Esq.

3. Assiminea francesise [emend.].

Turbo Francesi, Gray, Wood's Ind. Test. Sup. 1828, E. Indies; = A. fas-
data, Benson, Zool. J. 1835, p. 463.

16 Zwagabin, near Moulmein ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
16 Chandemagore, Calcutta, and Ft. Canning ; coll. Colonel Gr. B. Main-
waring and GL Nevill, Esq.

The original figure of the type has a conspicuous broad
white belt at the periphery ; specimens with this band are
everywhere much more uncommon than those without it.

subvar, subconcolor.

50 Calcutta ; coll G. Nevill, Esq.
Long. 10, diam. 6 mil.

subvar. multifasciata.

50 Burma ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. •

30 Moisraka, Ranigunj and Port Canning j coll. Gr. Nevill, Esq.

Long. 10J, diam. 6J mil. — type from Port Canning.

. RISSOIDJ5. 65

subvar. curta.
30 Silhet ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

Long. 7^, diam. 5J mil.

subvar. rubiginicolor.

20 Zwagabin, nr. Moulmein ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

Long. 7J, diam. 5 mil.

subvar. attenuata.

30 Botanical Gardens, Calcutta ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
30 Pt. Canning ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq..
6 Penangj coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

Long. 7J, diam. 4| mil. — Botanical Gardens, Calcutta, on
shrubs, a quarter of a mile from the river.

4. Assiminea subconica.

Optediceros subconicum, Leith, J. As. 8. Bombay Vt 1853, Bombay —
" animal grey " — long. 4, diam. 2 $ mil.

Mr. Fedden has discovered a single specimen of an allied
species, with markedly more subangulate last whorl and less
convex spire, subfossil in the Bunn of Kutch.

18 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank and W. T. Blanford, Esq.

var. (? distinct species).

8 Bombay (in bad condition) ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbauk.
2 Kathiawar; coll. F. Fedden, Esq.

5. Assiminea peaseana.

Assiminea peaseana, H. Nevill) ms., (?. Nevill, J. Asiat. S. Bengal, 18SO,
Ceylon.

12 Ceylon (type) ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq.

6. Assiminea theobaldiana.

Assiminea theobaldiana, G. Nevill, J. Asiat. S. Bengal, 1380, PC. Canning
and op. cit. 1881, pi. VII, fig. 4.

30 Port Canning (type) ; coll. J. Wood- Mason, Esq.
1 Chandipal ; coll. G. R Clarke, Esq.

68

7. Assiminea, n. sp.

1 Kulungsu (Amoy) ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

Near Assiminea micro sculpta, Nevill.

8. Assiminea, n. sp. (?)

1 Bombay ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

9. Assiminea japonica.

Assiminea Japonica, von Martens, Berl. Ges. naturl. Fr. 1877 , Japan.

2 Japan ; ex Mr. K. Damon (labelled " A. cincta, A. Ad.").

10. Assiminea borneensis.

Amnicola borneensis, Issel, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova VI, 1S74, Bintulu — long.
2\, diam. if mil.

4 Borneo (typical) ; ex c. Prof. A. Issel.

11. Assiminea beddomeana.

Assiminea beddomeana, G. Nevill, J. Asiat. S. Bengal, 1880, Ft. Canning
and op. tit. 1881, pi. VII, fig. 3.

50 Port Canning (type) ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.
11 Cox's Bazar (Cbittagong) and Rangoon; coll. H. Raban and
R. Hungerford, Esqrs.

12. Assiminea rotunda.

Assiminea rotunda, Fairbank, ms., W. T. Blanford, Ann. Mag. XIX, 1867 —
" on mud between tide*marJcs, rather lower doivn than A. cornea and
A. marginata, Bombay — long. 4, diam. 3 mil., animal grey "

8 Sonmiani, Mekran (Persian Gulf) ; coll. W. T. Blaiiford, Esq.
16 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank and W. T. Blanford, Esq.

13. Assiminea marginata.

Optediceros marginatum, Leitn, J. As. S. Bombay, V — July 1853, Bombay —
" animal scarlet ;" Blanford, Ann. Mag. XIX, 1867, long. 4\, diam. 3 mil.
and var. major, long. 6, diam. 4 mil.

14 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank and W. T. Blanford, Esq.
8 Sonmiani, Persian Gulf ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

The differences between this species and the preceding seem
to me scarcely more than varietal.

67

14. Assiminea, n. sp.
Beypore ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank.

Long, (vix) 2J, diam. 2 mil.

15. Assiminea cornea.

Optediceros corneum, Leith, J. As. S. Bombay, V — 1853, Bombay [not At
cornea, Pfr. 1854, Borneo'] ; fide Blanford 1867, " long. 4, diam. 3 mil.—
rare."

8 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank and W. T. Blanford, Esq.

Leith describes the animal of this shell, as also that of A.
subconicum, as of a grey colour. That of A. marginatum} he
states, is scarlet.

16. Assiminea brevicula.

Hydrocena brevicula, Pfeiffer, P. Zool. S. 1854, Singapore, long. ££, diam. 5%
mil. ; var. = A. miniata, Martens, Ann. Mag. XVII, p. 204, 1866, Singa-
pore, long. 9, diam. 4 mil. ; = A. rubella, Blanford, Ann. Mag. 1867, Ira-
wady Delta, long. 5, diam. 4 mil. ; var. = Hydrocena marginata, Morelet,
J. de C. 1865, 11 angle ok— long. 6 to 8, diam. 4 to 5$ mil. ; ? = A. rubida,
Gould, P. Bost. S. 1859, Loo Choo I. ; Nevill, J. A. S. B. 2881, pi. VII,
Jig. 5 (animal).

12 Singapore ; ex c. India House Museum.
1 Malacca ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
20 Andamans ; coll. J. Wood-Mason and F. A. de Roepstorff, Esqrs.

Long. 6£, diam. 5 mil.

3 Borneo j ex Mr. Damon (c. A. Adams).
50 Irawady Delta; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq., &c.
50 Port Canning; coll. J. Wood-Mason and Cr. Nevill, Esqrs. (7, 5).
14 Arakan ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

8 Cebu (Philippines) ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.
12 Kulungsu (Amoy) ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

subvar. bibalteata.

12 Port Canning ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq., &c.

subvar. bicolor.
20 Port Canning ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq., &c.

subvar. flavida.

12 Port Canning ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka, <fcc.

68 RISSOID^!.

17. Assiminea paladilhii.

Omphalotropis Paladilhii, Issel, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova VI, 1874, Sarawak
— long. 5%, diam. 4 mil.; ? = Hydrocena lirata, Morelet, Rev. Zool. 1862,
long. 6\, diam. 4 mil., banks of the Bien-Hoa, Cochin-China.

2 Sarawak (typical) ; ex c. Prof. A. Issel.

18. Assiminea elise.

Assiminea Eliae, Paladilhe, Ann. Sci. Nat. (VI), Vol. II, 1875, Rochelle and
Coimbra.

20 Bayonne ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
A true Assiminea and very like the Chinese A. sinensis.

19. Assiminea latericea.

Assiminea latericea, H. Sf A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1863, p. 434, Yang-tsze-
Iciang Sf Peiho.

1 China (typical) ; ex c. H. Adams, Esq.

20. Assiminea (?) dubia.

Cyclostoma dubium, Pfeijfer, Zeits. Mai. 1846, Opara — long. 9, diam. 5 mil. ;
fide Pease, 1869, species of Assiminea.

4 Opara (typical ?); ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn.

I believe this will prove a species of Omphalotropis, rather
than of Assiminea.

1 Japan (?) ; ex Mr. E. Damon.

Long. 5f , diam. 4 mil. Despite the difference in size, it agrees
exactly with typical figure in the Conch.- Cab. II.

21. Assiminea subcornea, n. sp.

Hydrocena cornea, Pfeiffer, P. Zool. S. 1854, Borneo ty Bashee I.— long.
10, diam. 5 mil. (not Optediceros corneum, Leith, 1853).

1 Japan (?); ex Mr. E. Damon (as "A. cornea, Pfr. coll. Rein.").

This looks to me a true Assiminea ; long. 7, diam. 4 mil.

22. Assiminea (?), sp.

1 Opara ; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn (mixed with Ass. ? dubia).
Long. 5, diam, 4 mil. Probably a species of Omphalotropis.

69

23. Assiminea hungerfordiana.

Assiminea hungerfordiana, G. Nevill, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1880,
Rangoon and op. cit. 1881, pi. TIT, Jiff. 2.

1 Rangoon (type); coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

24. Assimiuea sinensis.

Assiminea sinensis, G. Nevill, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1880, Hongkong '„

3 Estuary of the Canton Rv. ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

4 Hongkong (type) ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

25. Assiminea woodmasoniana.

Assiminea woodmasoniana, G. Nevill, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1880, Ft. Can-
ning, and op. cit. 1881, pi. VII, fig. 1.

30 Port Canning (type) ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.

2 Chandipal ; coll. G. R. Clarke, Esq.

var. (? dist. sp.)
1 Bombay ; coll. W. T. Blanf ord, Esq.

26. Assiminea cincta (?).

Assiminea cincta, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VIII, 1861, Estuary of the Peiho.
1 Amoy; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

27. Assiminea dohrniana.

Assiminea dohrniana, G. Nevill, J. Asiat. S. Bengal, 1880, Hongkong.

10 Hongkong (type); coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.
1 Kulungsu (Amoy); coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

28. Assiminea bifasciata.

Assiminea bifasciata, G. Nevill, Journ. Asiat. S. Bengal, 1880, Natal.
12 Port Natal (type); coll. G. Ne\ill, Esq. (5£, 3£).

Long. 5J, diam. 3J mil.

29. Assiminea lutea (?).

Assiminea lutea, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. 1861, mouth of the Peiho; ? = A
debilis, Gould, P. Bost. S. VII, 1859, p. 107, Loo Choo I.

1 Deep Bay (Hongkong) ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

70 RISSOIDJE.

var. fasciata.
1 D^ep Bay, Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerf ord, Esq.

30. Assiminea microsculpta.

Assiminea microsculpta, G. Nevill, Journ. Asiat. S. Bengal, 1880, Pt.
Canning, and op. cit. 1881, pi. VII, jig. 5.

50 Port Canning (type); coll. J. Wood- Mason, Esq.

31. Assiminea templeana.

Assiminea templeana, G. Nevill, Journ. Asiat. 8. Bengal, 1880, Nicobars.
20 Katchall, Nicobar Islands (type) ; coll. P. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

32. Assiminea affinis.
Assiminea affinis, Mousson [ubi ?].

1 Rockliampton [Queensland] ; ex Mus. Godeffroy (as "A. affinis, Mss.")^

33. Assiminea ovata.

Hydrocena ovata, Pease, P. Zool. S. 1864, Mangier I. — long. 5, diam. 3 mil. ;
fide Pease, 1869, Omphalotropis sp.; fide Cat. Mus. Godef., Assiminea sp.

2 Cook's I. (=Hervey I.) ; ex Mus. Godeffroy.

34. Assiminea vitiensis.

Assiminea vitiensis, Garrett, Am. J. Conch. VII, 1872, Viti I.— long. 4\ mil.
1 Viti (=Feejee I.) ; ex Mus. Godeffroy.

35. Assiminea parvula.

Hydrocena parvula Mousson, J. de C. XIII, 1865, Upolw—long. 3£, diam.
2% mil.; — Hydrocena similis, Baird, Voy. Curacoa; Omphalotropis sp.
fide Pease, 1869 ; Assiminea sp.,fide Cat. Mus. Godeffroy.

3 Upolu [Samoa] j ex Mus. Godeffroy.

I consider this probably a mere variety (and a very slight
one) of Assiminea nitida.

36. Assiminea moussoni.

Amnicola moussoni, Issel, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, VI, 1874, Bintulu——
long. 2\, diam. 1$ mil.

7 Sarawak [typical] ; ex c. Prof. A. Issel.

I doubt if this is more than a variety of the preceding. It
is a smaller form, with less acuminate spire, slightly less angular
at the periphery, with a smaller and more contracted aperture.

RISSOIDJE. 71

37. Assiminea nitida.

Hydrocena nitida, Pease, P. Zool. S. 1864, HuaTieine, long. 2%, diam, 2 mil.;
Assiminea sp.fide Pease, J. de C. 1869, pi. VII, fig. 10 [not jig. 11}.

3 Pacific I. [typical] ; coll. H. Pease, Esq.
30 Ceylon ; coll. G. NeviU, Esq.
30 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

An incised line beneath the suture exists in several of these
specimens from Mauritius.

var.
3 Huaheine [Tahiti] ; ex Mus. Godeffroy (as " A. nitida").

This is a form more like Assiminea parvula than the preced-
ing typical specimens, the whorls being slightly more convex ; it
is smaller than either.

var. nana.

16 Mauritius (type var.) ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
1 Penang; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

1 Nicobars j coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.

38. Assiminea, n. sp.

8 Chandipal (type) -, coll. G. R. Clarke, Esq.

Very close to the preceding, but with the last whorl relatively
much more globose, the spire shorter, like Amn^ borneensis,
Issel, 1. c., but imperforate, &c.

Long. 1J mil.

39. Assiminea, n. sp. (?)

2 Bombay (in bad condition) ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

40. Assiminea carinata.

Assiininea carinata, Lea, P. Ac. PUlad. VII, 1856, Siam ; = Hydrocena fas-
ciolata, Morelet, Rev. Zool. 1862, Cochin-CMna, long. 10, diam. 5 mil. ;fide
Martens = Hydrocena fulvida, Pfr., J. de C. 1862, Siam— long. 7£, diam.
3| mil. ; fide Pease = OmpJialotropis maculata, Martens, P. Z. S. I860,
Siam, long. 11, diam. 7 mil. ;? = Hydrocena radiata, ?fr., P. Z. S.
1854, Borneo, long. 7\, diam. 4: mil.

3 Saigon (typical A. fasciolata) ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

1 Sarawak ; ex c. Prof. A. Issel (as " A. carinata ").

2 Borneo ; ex Mr. K. Damon (ex c. A, Adams).

72 BISSOID.E.

These last were sent to me as " Assim. radiata, Pfr." If this
identification is correct, Lea's name will have to yield priority to
Pfeiffer's.

var. (? dist. sp.)
1 Zwagabin, nr. Moulmein (sp. juv.) ; coll. Dr. Stoliczka.

Unfortunately not adult ; there is a distinct keel round the
umbilicus, also two impressed lines below the suture.

41. Assiminea littorina.

Helix littorina, Delle Chiaje, Mem. An. sans Vert. Napoli III, 1828 ; sect.
Paludinella.

3 England ; ex Mr. R. Damon.

42. Assiminea sicana.

Assiminea sicana, Brugnone, Monterosato, Enum. Conch. Medit. 1876, for
A. littorina, Delle Chiaje, var. sicana, Brugnone, Misc. II, Pal. 1876,

fig. 15.

5 Algiers; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

43. Assiminea californica.

Assiminea californica, Cooper (ubi ?).

4 San Francisco j ex " Linnsea."

44. Assiminea n. sp.

1 Andamans ; coll. F. A- de Roepstorff, Esq.
Closely allied to A. woodmasonianay ETevill.

45. Assiminea n. sp.

1 Andamans (spec, juv.) ; coll. F. A, de Roepstorff, Esq.
Allied to A. miscrosculpta, Nevill.

46. Assiminea turbinata.

Hydrocena turbinata, Gassies, Act. Soc. Lin. Bord. 1879, Noumea et lie
Nou—long. 3 to 3%, diam. 2 to 2\ mil.

10 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier and C. F. Ancey, Esqrs.

47. Assiminea pygmaea.

sna pygmaea, Gassies, J. de C.
Ik mil.

3 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

Hydrocena pygmaea, Gassies, J. de C. 1865, lies Art et Nou—long. 2,
diam. Ik mil.

RTSSOID2E. 73

Sub-family RISSOININ^, Stoliczka.

Genus RISSOINA, Orbigny.

Voy. Amer. Merid. V, p> 394, 1842 [as Sub -Genus of Rissoa], unique type R.
inca, Orb.,- sect. S. = Rissolina, Gould, P. Bost. S. 1861, type R. plicatula.
Old.; sect. C. = Schwartziella, Nevill, type R. bryerea, Mtg. ; sect. D =
Phosinella, Morch, type R. pulchra, C. B. Adams ; sect. E. = Zebinella,
MorcJi, type R. decussata, Mtg. ; sect. F. — Moerchiella, Nevill, type R.
gigantea, Deshayes ; sect. G. = Zebina, H. Sf A. Adams, type R. coronata,
Eecluz ; sect. H. = Pyramidelloides, Nevill, type R. miranda, A. Adams.

SECTION A. — TYPICAL.

Rissoina costulata, Pease, Am. J. Con., 1868, Paumotus, long 5, diam. 2 m.,
belongs to the typical section as does R. incerta, Souverbie, from New
Caledonia, and R. terebra, Garrett, from the Pacific Islands.

1. Bissoina ambigua.

Pyramidella ambigua, Gould, P. Bost, S. Ill, 1849, Clermont Tonnerre,
long, i, diam. -^ poll. — \emend. Otia Con. p. 245, as Rissoina~\ ;
= R. multicostata, Garrett, P. Calif. Acad. 1857 (not of C. B. Ad.
1850) — R. costulifera, Pease, J. de C. 1862, p. 382, Sandwich Islands ;
= R. pusilla, Schwartz, pi. IV, jig. 29 [not of Srocchi] ; = R. STIO-
concinna, Souverbie, J. de. C. 18 , New Caledonia, long. 6 to 8%,

diam. 2% mil.

The form originally described by Gould was evidently young,
hence the many errors that have arisen. The R. pusilla of
Brocchi is scarcely separable ! Schwartz's pi. Ill, fig. 27,
" R. ambigua" seems to be something different.

100 Ceylon, Mauritius, Andamans, Arakan, Penang, Annesley Bay and
Koweiah [Ked Sea], Seychelles, Bourbon and Aden; coll.
W. T. Blanford, F. Stoliczka, J. B. Baxter, J. Wood- Mason, and
G. Nevill, Esqrs.

10 Upolu and Sandwich I. ; coll. H. Pease, Esq., and ex Mus. Godeffroy.
3 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

74 RISSOID^l.

subvar. cincta.

Rissoina cincta, Dunlcer, Cat. Mus. Oodef. IV, 1869, Upolu ; op. cit. V, as var.
of R. pusilla.

13. Mauritius, Ceylon, Arakan and Andamans; coll. W. T. Blnnford,
J. B. Baxter, J. Wood-Mason, and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

var. perpusilla, nov.
Long 3TV, diam. 1J mil.

26 Mauritius [type var.] ; coll. O. Nevill, Esq.
3 Bombay and Henjain [Persia] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

var. myosoroides.

R. myosoroides, Recluz,Jide Schwartz, pi. IV, fig. 30, Mauritius.

30 Arakan, Mauritius, Ceylon, Natal, Andamans, and Singapore; coll.
F. Stoliczka, J. Wood-Mason, and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

2. Bissoina pusilla.

Turbo pusillus, Brocchi, Conch. foss. II, 1814.

3 Steinabrun [fossil] ; coll. Herr G. Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

The callosity of the outer lip and the twist of the colmnella
are much more developed than in the preceding species ; it is,
however, most closely allied and perhaps scarcely specifically
separable !

3. Bissoina woodmasoniana, n. sp.
1 Andamans [type] ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.

A single living specimen of this remarkable new form was
dredged by Mr. Wood-Mason, if I remember rightly, in deep
water. Nine whorls, cylindrical and "needle-like," the apical
three smooth and colourless, the others longitudinally closely
ribbed, ribs thick, flexuous and irregular ; of a uniform brown
colour throughout ; columella straight, aperture contracted,
subangulate at base, not notched, resembling that of species
of Zippora.

Long. 3, diam. f mil.

RISSOID^J. 75

4. Bissoina indica, n. sp.

1 Paumben Straits, South India [type]; coll. F. Armstrong, Esq.

Another very beautiful, shining, " Mangelia-like " form,
dredged alive in 35 fathoms ; it is not unlike R. terebra, Garrett,
PI. 2, fig. 11, of the Proc. Acad. Philad., and also resembles R.
incerta, Souverbie ! It has eight perfectly " planulate " whorls,
the apical one smooth, the others with perfectly perpendicular,
regular, very massive ribs, otherwise smooth ; columella and
interior of aperture stained brown, scarcely notched at base,
outer margin white and remarkably thickened.

Long. 5, diam. 1|- mil.

5. Bissoina subdebilis.

Sissoina subdebilis, Nevill ms., WeinJcauff, Conch.- Cab. 11,1881, pi. 15 B,
Jig 9, Mauritius.

20 Mauritius (type) ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

May possibly prove to be a large, cylindrical, subangulate
variety of R. deUlis, Garrett, P. Acad. Philad. 18 73, pi. 2, fig. 9.
Long. 6, diam. 2| mil.

var. perlanceolata [? dist. sp.]

1 Mauritius (type var.) ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
A well-marked form with ten whorls.

6. Bissoina, n. sp.

5 Kesm (Persian G.) ; coll. W. T. BlanforJ, Esq.

Somewhat resembles the fossil R. grateloupi, Orbigny.
Long. 3f , diam. 1J mil.

? var. [? dist. sp.]

1 Seychelles; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
Long. 4, diam. If mil.

? var. [? dist. sp.]

2 New Caledonia; exc. P. Bouvier, Esq.

76 KISSOIDJE.

7. Rissoina micans.

Rissoina micans, A. Adams, P. Zool. 8. 1851, Mindanao ; Schwartz, fig, 8
(typical spec,}, long. 4'7, diam. 1'7 mil.

100 Tumb I., Kesm and Mutef (Persian G.) ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

var, perstriatula, nov.

1 Tumb I. ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

8. Rissoina, n. sp.

1 Mauritius ; coll, G. Nevill, Esq.
Near the fossil E. basteroti.

9. Bissoina elegans.

Rissoa elegans, d'Orligny, Conch, foss. 1S3S, Dax.

var. [? dist. sp.]

1 Steinabrunn (fossil) j coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

10. Rissoina variegata.

Rissoina variegata, A. Adams and Angas, P. Zool. S. 1867, Port Jackson.

2 Australia ; ex c. Dr, F. Stoliczka.

11. Rissoina bruguierei.

Rissoa bruguierei, Payrandeau, Cat. Moll. Corse, I8i6.
30 Algiers, Rbodes, &c; coll. P. Joly, Esq. &c.

12. Rissoina monilis.

Rissoina monilis, A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1851, Philippines.

This species is recorded by von Martens from Mauritius, but
I have not been able to identify it with any of the species I
have met with. Schwartz von Mohrenstern gives the measure-
ments of a typical specimen as — long. 4' 9, diam. 3 mil.

RISSOID2E. 77

13. Bissoina nevilliana.

Rissoina nevilliana, Welnkauff, Conch.-Cab. II, 1881, pi. 15 D,fig. 2, Kowloon;
Nevill, J.A.S. B., 1881, long. 13± diam. 4% mil.

1 Kowloon, opposite Hongkong [type] ; coll. R. Hungerf ord, Esq.

SECTION B. — RISSOLINA, Gould.

P. Bost. S. 1881, type ft. plicatula, Gld. ; Group I, Section B., Schwartz
I. c., page 38.

14. Rissoina minuta.

Rissoina minuta, G. Nevill, J. A. S. B., 1874, Andamans, long. 2\, diam.

1 mil.

2 Andamans [type] ; coll. G. Nevill Esq.

15. Rissoina funioulata.

Rissoina funiculata, Souverbie, Journ. Conch. XIV, 1866, New Caledonia.

20 Ceylon and Andamans; coll. J. Wood-Mason, J. B.Baxter, and G.

Nevill, Esqrs.

16. Bissoina weinkauffiana.

Rissoina weinkauffiana, G. Nevill, J. A. S. B. 1881, Andamans, and Conch.-
Cab. II, 1881, pi. 15 B. fig. 7.

14 Andamans [type]; coll. J. Wood-Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

17. Bissoina burdigalensis.

Rissoina burdigalensis, d'Orbiany, Prod. [Ill, p. 30, 1852 [/bm'Z], Bordeaux;
fide Schwartz, recent from Mauritius.

1 Steinabrunn [fossil] ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

18. Bissoina subangulata.

Rissoina subangulata, C. B. Adams, Contr. Conch. 1860, p. 112, Jamaica.
8 W. Indies ; ex c. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.

19. Bissoina n. sp.
Anfr. 6 ; long. 2| mil.

1 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

78

20. Rissoina plicata.

Rissoina plicata, A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1851, I. Maslate ; Schwartz, I. c.fig.
21 {typical spec."], long. 5'6, diam.2'5 mil.; var. = R. scalariana, A.
Ad. and R. bertheloti, Audouin.

50 Andamans, Arakan, Kharg, Mauritius, Bourbon, Seychelles; coll. W.
T. Blanford and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

10 Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [6,2f— apex perfect].

These Ceylon specimens approximate very closely to var.

R. bertheloti. ,

1 Viti-Levu ; ex Mus. Godeffroy [as " R.firmata, C. B. Ad."]

A true, typical R. plicatay and not in the least like the W.
Indian R. fir mat a.

2 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

subvar. diplostoma.
1 Ceylon ', coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

21. Kissoina scalariana.

Rissoina scalariana, A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1861, Philippines ; fide Schwartz,
long. 8k, diam. 3% mil.

1 Roweiah [Red Sea] ; coll. J. B. Baxter Esq.

4 Mauritius, and Kharg [Persian G.]; coll. W. T. Blanford and
G. Nevill, Esqrs.

Possibly better classed as a variety of R. plicata.

22. Rissoina bertheloti.

Rissoina bertheloti, Audouin, Descr. de VEgypte, 1826, pi. IV, fig. 2.

Long. 8|, diam. 3| mil.

1 Kesm ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
2J Roweiah and Aden ; coll. J. B. Baxter and G. NTevill, Esqrs.

subvar. minor.

Long. 5, diam. 2^ mil.

3 Roweiah, Red Sea ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq.

BISSOIDJK. 79

23. Eissoina canaliculata.

Rissoina canaliculata, Schwartz, K. Ak. Wissens. Wien, XIX, 1860, Philip-
pines, long. 10'6, diam. 4.1 mil.

1 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

30 Ceylon; coll. J. B. Baxter and G. Nevill, Esqrs. [10|, 4i],

A crow carried off a tube full of my best Ceylon specimens !

3 Andamans ; coll. Capt. R. C. Temple and Colonel Berkely [11, 4|].
8 Natal ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [7£, 2f ].

A very pretty lanceolate form from Natal, with acute apex,
and more turriculate, that is with less convex whorls, than in the
Ceylon one, and in this exactly resembling the typical figure.

subvar. minor [? dist. sp.]
1 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

In such bad condition that it is impossible to be sure of the
absence of spiral striation,

24. Eissoina monilifera, n. sp.
Long. 8, diam. 3 mil.

A very handsome and distinct species, resembling the fossil
R. lamellosa, Desmoulins, Schwartz, PI. II, fig. 14, from Dax.

1 Japan; ex Mr. Damon (coll. A. Adams; labelled " B. monilijera").

25. Eissoina plicatula.

Rissoina plicatula, Gould, P. Bost. 8. VII, 1861 (Felr.), TZonin and Loo
CJioo I. — long. 6, diam. 2 mil.

A more convexly rounded sp. than B. plicata, with more
numerous and less perpendicular ribbing.

31 Roweiab, Aden, and Annesley Bay ; coll. J. B. Baxter, and W. T.

Blanford, Esqrs. [4|, 2].
8 Ceylon; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [6 to 7, 2| to 3].

Though in poor condition the interstitional, spiral striation
is distinctly traceable, under a lens.

80

1 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq .
12 Kesin [Persian G.] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

Long. 6J, diam. 2 f .

var. ? [dist. sp. ?]
12 Bombay, Tumb I. and Gwadar ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [6£, 2f].

I can see no trace of spiral striation, but the specimens are
all in most wretched condition.

They may be a var. of P. bertholeti, but the ribs are irregular-
ly flexous instead of regularly perpendicular, and a little more
numerous ; it is also a more attenuate shell.

26. Bissoina turricula.

Rissoina turricula, Pease, P. Zool S., 1860, Sandwich I.

1 Sandwich Isl. [typical] ; coll. W. Pease, Esq. [3^, H].

2 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

1 Roweiah, Red Sea; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq.

var. cernica, Nevill.
Long. 2J, diam. 1 mil.
10 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

var. ceylonica, Nevill.
2 Galle [type var.] ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq.

Long. 3, diam. 1 mil.

Whorls 6J, two apical ones smooth, the others somewhat
convexly turriculate,with flexuous, rather distant, well-developed,
longitudinal ribs, the last of all with a basal, subgranulose,
transverse keel, with two transverse, fine, but distinct, strisB
above it ; basal emargination of aperture well marked; peristome
callously thickened ; throughout, almost microscopically, trans-
versely striate.

RISSOIDJ1. 81

27. Rissoina obeliscus.

Rissoina obeliscus, Recluz m$., long. 2, diam. 3j, Schwartz, K. Ac.
Wissens. Wien, XIX, 1860, fig. 15, Mauritius, long. 4, 5, diam. 2 mil. —
also from Sydney, 1. c. ; = JR. schwartziana, Dkr., Cat. M. O. IV,
1869, Upolu.

18 Andamans, Arakan, Ceylon, Mauritius, Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T.

Blanford, J. Wood-Mason, and G. Nevill, Esqrs.
2 Upolu ; ex Mus. Godeffroy.

subvar. nana.

2 Galle ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq.

28. Eissoina subfuniculata.

Rissoina subfuniculata, G. Nevill, WeinTcauff, Conch.-Cab. II, 1881, Persian
Gulf, %c., PI. 15B, fig. 8— long. 4, diam. l\ mil.

20 Kesm, Gwadar [type] and Tumb I. j coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
1 Andamans ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

Long. 4|, diam. If mil.

var. fortis.

3 Andamans [type var.] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
Long. 5, diam. 2 mil.

var. validicostata [? dist. sp.]

1 Singapore [type var.] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
3 Arakan ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

Long. 3, diam. 1J mil.

29. Rissoina, n. sp.

1 Mauritius j coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

30, Rissoina, n. sp.

4 Kesm, Persian Gulf; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

82 RISSOIDJE.

SECTION C. — SCHWAETZIELLA, Nevill.

Schtvarte, I. c., page 38, type R. bryerea, Montagu, as Group 11, section B.

31. Rissoina chesneli.

Rissoina chesneli, Michaud, Descr. esp. nouv., 1832, W. Indies; fide
Schwartz, long. 3. 6, diam. V 4 mil. — W. Indies and Mauritius.

2 W. Indies ; ex c. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.

32. Rissoina baxteriana.

Rissoina baxteriana, G. Nevill, J. A. S. B., 1881, Roweiah and Conch.-
Cab. II, 1881, pi. . fig.

4 Roweiab, Red Sea [type] ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. [3, H].

33. Eissoina bryerea.

Turbo bryereus, Montagu, Test. Brit. 1803; fide Schwartz, from Cuba
and Mauritius.

20 W. Indies; ex c. J. Wood-Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

34. Eissoina pseudo-bryerea.

Rissoina pseudo-bryerea, G. Nevill, J. A. 8. B.,1881, Roweiah ; ? R. bryerea,
Schwartz, fig. 36 A. from Mauritius.

2 Roweiah, Red Sea (type) j coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq.

Anfr. 6§, long. 5^, diam. 2J mil. — More turriculate, with last
whorl more contracted than in the above quoted fig. ; the ribs
broader, more perpendicular, aperture smaller. Quite distinct
from the W. Indian species.

35. Kissoina triticea.

Rissoina triticea, Pease, P. Zool. 8. 1860, South Sea Islands ; = R. scalari-
formis, Auct. [not of C. B. Adams] ; = It. orientalis, Nevill, J. A%
S. B., 18S1, Ceylon [type]; vars. ? = R. exigua, DunJcer, Cat. Mus.
Godeff. IV and Conch.-Cab. II, pi. 15C, fig. 3, Upolu ; var. ?=S.
rissoi, Audouin, JExpl. Savigny, Desc. de VEgypte, 1826.

56 Mauritius, Bourbon, Ceylon, and Andamans; coll. J. Wood-Mason

and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

108 Roweiah, Annesley Bay, and Aden ; coll. W. T. Blanford and J. B.
Baxter, Esqrs.

RISSOIDJI. S3

Probably priority will have to be given to M. Audouin's
name.

var. microstoma [an R. microstoina, sp. nov. ?]

Long. 4J, diam. 2 mil.

1 Oman [Persian G.] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

36. Bissoina scalariformis.

Rissoina scalariformis, C. B. Adams, Cat. Panama Shells, 1852, long. 3 3
lat. 1' 27 ; fide Schwartz, Panama and Mauritius, also probably smaller
var. Red Sea.

var?
4 W. Indies ? ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. [3, H].

37. Bissoina mainwaringiana, n. sp.

10 Persian Gulf [type] ; ex c. Colonel G. B. Mainwariug.

38. Bissoina, n. sp.

Long. 3, diam. 1J mil. This cannot be any of Gould's spe-
cies ; it resembles the W. Indian R.firmatiij C. B. Adams.

1 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. (" very rare ").

SECTION D. — PHOSINELLA, MorcJi.

Mai. Slat. XXIII, 1876, type E. pulchra, C. B. Ad. ; = Group IV, Schwartz,
I. c., page 39.

There is a R. balteata, Pease, from Hawaii, long. 4, diam.
1J mil. — perhaps = 22. exasperata, Souverbie ?

39. Bissoin cancellata.

Risssoina cancellata, Philippi, Zeits. 1847, p. 127, Cuba— 3%.

var. pulchra.

Rissoina pulchra, C. B. Adams, Contr. Conch, p. 114, Jamaica ; Jide March, a
distinct species.

4 W. Indies; ex c. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.

84 RISSOID^E.

40. Rissoina media.

Rissoina media, Schwartz von Molrenstern, DenJcs. K. Ale. Wissens. Wien,
XIX, 1860, Ceylon and Java, also Nicobars — long, 4-7, diam. 2 mil.

100 Ceylon [4|, 2 mil.], Arakan, Andamans, and Aden; coll. Dr. Sto-
liczka, J. Wood-Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

var. ?

20 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
1 Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [3|, U].

41. Rissoina, n. sp.

Long. 4J, diam. 1J mil.

3 Tumb I. [Persian G.] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

42. Rissoina samoensis.

Rissoina samcensis, DunJcer, Cat. Mus. Oodeffroy, 1874, Upolu ; and Conch..
Cab. II, pi. 15c,fig. I—long. 4, diam. 1\ mil.

1 Upolu [typical] ; ex Mus. Godeffroy.

43. Rissoina exasperata.

Rissoina exasperata, Souverbie, J. de C, XIV, 1866, N. Caledonia, anfr. 8 to
9— long. 3k to 4\, d. l\tol\ mil.

1 South Sea Islands ; ex Mus. Godeffroy.
1 Singapore; coll. Dr. Stoliczka.

12 Mauritius ; coll. J. B. Baxter and G. Nevill, Esqrs. [4, !£].
1 Arakan; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
5 N. Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

44. Rissoina seguenziana.

Rissoina seguenziana, Issel, Malae. Mar. Rosso, 1869, and Descr. de I'Egypte,
PL IF, fig. 3, G. Suez-anfr. 9 to 10; long, 5, diam. If mil.

15 Kharg (4, If), Tumb I. and Bombay; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
32 Mauritius (5, 2), Aden, and Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill Esq
20 Roweiah (4*, If); coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq.

var. parvula, nov.
Long. 3|, diam. 1J mil.
20 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

RISSOJD^E. 85

var. [? tlist. sp.]
2 Roweiah, Red Sea; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq.

var. [?]

1 Andamans ; coll. G. Ncvill, Esq.

2 Nicobars; coll. Dr. F.Stoliczka.

45. Rissoina, n. sp.

30 Tumb I., Gwadar, &c. (42 fths.) ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

46. Rissoina strigillata [?].

Rissoina strigillata, Gould, P. Host. S. 1861, Loo Choo L, axis 5, diam. 2 20
mil.; Conch.- Cab. II, pi. 15 E,fig. 4, Hong- Kong.

3 Hong-Kong j coll. R. Hungerf ord, Esq. [4, If].
" Under stones, at very low water."

47. Rissoina, n.sp.
Long. 2^, diam. f mil.

20 Mauritius and Andamans j coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

48. Rissoina, n. sp.
Long. 3£, diam. 1|- mil.

2 Penang and Andamans ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
1 Aiidaiuans ; coll. Captain R. C. Temple.

Appears to be a new species near B. exasperata, Souv.

49. Rissoina deshayesi.

Rissoina deshayesi, Schwartz von Mohrenstern, Denies. K. AJc.
Wien, XIX, I860, Mindanao, long. 9'4, diam. 3'3 mil.

var. minor.

1 Andamans ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. [6£, 2|j.
1 Cebuj coll. R. Hungerf ord, Esq. [62 2f].

86 RISSOID.E.

The figured type seems to me that of a not quite adult spe-
cimen.

50. Bissoina hunger f or di ana.

Eissoina hungerfordiana, Nevill, WeinTcau/, Conch.-Cab. II, 1881, pi. 15 A,
Jiff. 9, Hong-Kong ; long. 5\, diam. 2 mil.

1 Hong-Kong [type] ; coll. R. Hungerf ord, Esq.

51. Eissoina, n. sp.

1 Gwadar ; coll. W. T. Blauford, Esq.

52. Kissoina, n. sp.

4 Kesh [Persian Gulf]; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

53. Bissoina erythrsea.

Rissoina erythrsea, Philippi, Zeits. Mai. 1851, p. 93, Aden, long. 3'3, diam.
1-2 mil. ;fide Schwartz, from Red Sea, Steward's L, Sandwich I. and Mauri-
tius ; fide Mm. Godef. Cat. V= S. cerilhiiformis, Dkr.

60 Nicobars, Mauritius [4£, 1£], Andamans [3i, 1£J, Annesley Bay,
Roweiabv and Ceylon ; coll. W. T. Blanford, G. Nevill, J. Wood-
Mason, and J. B. Baxter, Ksqrs.
3 Upoluj ex c. Mus. Godeffroy.

64. Rissoina blanfordiana.

Rissoina blanfordiana, G. Nevill, J. A. S. B. Sept. 1881, pi. VI, fig. 16, Zoulla ;
l>ng. 9\,diam.3% m.;=S. Jickelii, WeinJcauff, Conch.-Cab. II, Dec. 1881t
Massaua.

1 Zoulla, Red Sea [type E. blanfordiana] -, coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
1 Massaua [typical R.jickelii] ; ex c. Dr. H. C. Weinkauff.

Rissoina jickelii is the more perfect and adult form of the
somewhat " depauperate" specimen from which I described It.
llanfordiana. Pearl-like nodules on the points of intersection.

55. Rissoina clathrata.

Eissoina clathrata, A. Adams, P. Zool. 8.1851, Sohol ; fide Schwartz, long. 12,
diam. 4'5 mil., also from Australia ; Sues fide McAndrew,

KISSOIDJ1. 87

40 Aden [11|, 4f], Singapore [decollate, of 5 whorls — 10, 4-J~| ; Andamans
[not decollate, 9 whorls — 9£, 3i], Penang [9.1, 4], Kesm, Gwadar,
and Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, F. tftoliczka, J. Wood-
Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

56. Bissoina, n. sp.

1 Andanians; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

Near R. nodicincta, A. Adams. — Anfr. 6 to 7. — Long. 6,
diam. 2J mil.

SECTION E. — ZEBINELLA, Mdrch.

Mai. Bldt. XXIII, 1876, type E. decussata, M.tg. ; = Group III, Schwartz,
I. c., page 39.

57. Bissoina decussata.

Montagu, Test. Brit. 1803, p. 399 ; fide Schwartz -long. 7'3, diam. 3 mil. ; =
E. alata, Menke, Syn. 1830, Hob. ?

12 W. Indies; ex c. J. Wood- Mason, Esq.

var. emaciata.

8 Steinabrunn [fossil] ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstem [7| , 3J.

58. Bissoina obsoleta.

Melania obsoleta, Partsch, ms., Homes, Verz. Foss. Tert. Wien, 1848.

1 Steinabrunn [fossil] ; coll, Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

59. Eissoina adamsiana.

Rissoina adarasiana, Weinkauff, Conch.- Cab. II., 1881, pi. 15 A, fig, 4, Japan.

2 Japan [type] ; ex Mr. R. Damon.

From the collection of the late A. Adams, Esq., and labelled
" B. strigillata, A. Adams ; " it cannot be Gould's species of
that name.

60. Bissoina evanida.

Rissoina evanida, G. Nevill, Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1874, Andaman*,
long. 2\, diam. 1 mil.

3 Andamans [type] ; coll. G. Nevall, Esq.

88 BISSOUXZE.

61. Bissoina mohrensterni.

Bissoina mohrensterni, Deshayes, Moll. Reunion, 1863, long. 4, diam. 2 mil. ;
=B. schmeltziana, Dkr.from Upolu.

20 Mauritius, Aden, Andamans, and Seychelles; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
2 Upolu; ex Mus. Godeffroy [as R. schmeltziana, Dkr.]

Very variable in size, long. 5f, diam. 2| mil. — another 4|, 2 —
a third 3J, 1 J, all from Mauritius ! Can this be the R. tenuistriata,
of Pease from Paumotu ; — long. 9, diam. 4 mil ? I should sup-
pose this can scarcely be the case.

62. Bissoina andamanica.

Rissoina andamanica, Weinlcauff, Conch.- Cab. II, 1881, pi. 15 B, fig. 6>
Andamans — long. 8, diam. 3| mil.

10 Andamans [type] ; coll. J. Wood-Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs.
Long. 7, diam. 3 mil. — another 5f , 2J mil.

63. Bissoina concinna.

Rissoina concinna, A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1851, Philippines, long. 5-3, diam.
2 mil.

Prof, von Martens has recorded the species from Mauritius.
I have not been able to identify it with any of the Museum
specimens.

SECTION F.— MCERCHIELLA, Nevill.

Type S. gigantea, Desh. ; = Group V, Schwartz, I. c.
This is the Group V of Schwartz, 1. c., page 39.

64. Bissoina gigantea.

Rissoa gigantea, Deshayes, Traite elem. Conch., 1848, fig. 18, 20 [sine
desa\~] ; = S. cumingi, H. and A. Adams, Gen. 1, 1854, Ticao.

1 Andamans ; coll. Major Rogers [24|, 10£, slightly decollate].

65. Eissoina striata.

Kissoa striata, Quoy, Toy. Astral. 1836, Vanikoro ; = R. grandis, Philippi,
Zeits.Mal. 1847, Philippines, long. 9%,'diam. 4;=R. cceluta, A. Adams,
P. Zool. 8., 1851, Siquijor.

7 Andamans; coll. Capt. E. C. Temple and J. Wood-Mason, Esq.

[19*. 8*].
1 Philippines ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

66. Bissoina antoni.

Rissoina antoni, Schwartz von Mohrenstern, Denies. K. Ak. Wissens. Wien,
XIX, I860, Java, long. 7'8, diam. 3 mil. and smaller, more slender var.
also from Java, page 99.

var. pusilla, nov.

Long. 5, diam. 2^.
1 Locality ? ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

67. Rissoina lamberti.

Rissoina lamberti, Souverbie, J. de C. 1870, N. Caledonia, long. 11, diam. 4,
another 9, 3| mil.; ? = var. of R. spirata, Sow.

2 Ceylon; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [8, 3£].

Herr Schwartz considered these specimens, which are in bad
condition, as a variety of his E. antoni.

1 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

Unfortunately in bad condition ; it may prove a var. of R.

orlignyana.

68. Eissoina insignis.

Rissoina insignis, A. Adams and Reeve, Toy. Samarang, 1850, China;
Schwartz, I. c., long. 9, diam. 4'5 mil.

var. turrita.

Rissoina turrita, Garrett, P. Ac. Philad. 1873, pi. II, f. 12, Society L—
long. 7 mil.

90 RISSOIMJ.

2 Mauritius ; coll. G. Ncvill, Esq., and Surgeon-Major Power [8|,

4f]-

1 Eoweiah [Red Sea] ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. [9*-. 5|] : operculum,
thin and horny-brown.

This variety principally differs from Schwartz's figure in the
absence on the antepenultimate whorl of the longitudinal fur-
rows ; the characteristic denticulations within the outer lip are
well marked in the Mauritian specimens, they are unaccount-
ably wanting in Garrett's magnified figure, though " crenula-
tions within the peristome " are duly recorded in his description !
The Bed Sea form is considerably stouter and broader than
any of the other known ones, as can be seen from the above
recorded measurements.

69. Eissoina japonica.

Rissoina japonica, Weinkauff, Conch.- Cab. II, 1881, pi. 15 A., fig. 1, Japan,
long. 3±, diam. 1± mil.

3 Japan [type] ; ex Mr. R. Damon.

Long. 3, diam. 1-^ mil. ; from the collection of the late A.
Adams, Esq., and labelled " R. pulchella, A. Adams."

70. Rissoina montrouzieri.

Rissoina montrouzieri, Souverbie, J. de C., 1862, N. Caledonia, long. 15\
diam. 4\, anfr. 11., - = R. supracostata, Garrett, P. Ac. Phil., 1872,
pi. 2, fig. 1, Vili, long. 10 mil.; ? = R. striolata, A. Adams, var.

4 N. Caledonia; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

5 Andamans [15f, 5] ; coll. J. Wood-Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

Very close to E. striolata, A. Ad., Philippines, apparently only
specifically separable by the constantly, markedly more developed
sculpture of the upper whorls. The longitudinal ribs are in
this form absent from the last four whorls, as in the type.
Several of the Andaman specimens show the characteristic and
peculiar dark " coating " so accurately described by Souverbie
as " un enduit noir epais, analogue a celui quirecouvre certaines
Melanies ; " this is especially the case with var. substriolata.

subvar. monstrosa, nov.

R. deforniis, Sow. Junr. in Reeve, fig. 63, not R. deformis, Sow. Senr. in
Genera of Shells, and Schwartz.

RISSOIDJJ. 91

Very remarkable in having the appearance as if two por-
tions of quite different specimens were artificially joined
together! One specimen has the nine upper whorls typical,
with the last unnaturally tumid and slightly out of the axis of
the shell. The other, agreeing exactly with above quoted
figure, has the eight upper and last whorls regular, with the ante-
penultimate strongly inclined to the left, altogether out of the
proper axis. The longitudinal ribs are absent from the last
four whorls.

2 Andamans [16£, 5| ; diam. anfr. penult. 3 -?,] ; coll. J. Wood-Mason,

Esq.

var. substriolata, nov.

The last three whorls are without longitudinal ribs. '

4 Andamans [13|, 4P ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka, &c.
1 Nicobars; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.

var. convexior, nov.

More convex; aperture more everted ; spiral sculpture slightly
more distinct ; longitudinal ribbing on all but the las? two
whorls.

4 Andamans [15f, 5|] j coll. J. Wood-Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

71. Bissoina striolata.

Rissoina striolata, A. Adams, P. Zool. 8. 1852, Philippines / fide Schivartz,
long. 9, diam. 3 mil., anfr. 11.

5 Ceylon [9|, 3£], Mauritius, and Andamans j coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

var. artensis.

Rissoina artensis, Moutrouzier, J. de. C., XX, N. Caledonia — long. 8$,
diam. 2\ mil., anfr. 10.

3 New Caledonia; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.
Scarcely separable even as a variety.

72. Rissoina spirata.

Rissoa spirata, Sowerby, Gen. of Shells, 1824, pi. 208, fig. 2; fide Schw.
long. 10'3, diam. 3-3 mil., from I. Rawak, Red Sea, ami Philippines ;
Suez, fide M' Andrew; var.? = R. lamberti, Souverbie, N, Caledonia.

EISSOID.E.
3 Roweiah and Aden [10, 4] ; coll. J. B. Baxter and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

var.
1 Aden [8-»-, 3*] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

73. Rissoina orbignyi.

Rissoina orbignyi, A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1851, Luzon ; fide Schiv. long. 16'7,
diam. 5 mil., as It. d' Orbignyi.

var. subspirata, nov.

Long. 13J, diam. 5^ mil. Turriculate, like H. spirata, but
aperture everted and canaliculate at cokimellar base, as in true
H. orbignyi.

4 Aden ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

var. pachylabris, nov.

Anfr. 8 to 9 ; long. 11J, diam. 4^ mil., last whorl obsoletely
spirally striate, last but one coarsely so, the others cancellated as
in the normal form ; a very broad callosity behind the thickened
peristome ; aperture everted.

2 Annesley Bay [type var.] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
var. submarginata, nov. (? dist. sp.)

Acuminate, pointed, subturriculate ; nine whorls slightly con-
vex, the embryonal two smooth, rounded, mammillate, the
next four closely and evenly reticulate, almost granulose, the
last three somewhat distantly spirally striate, with a narrow
groove just below the suture, the last one relatively very
short, with spiral striation less distinct; aperture everted,
columella short, abruptly bent back, behind the peristome a
broad callosity.

Long. 8J, diam. 3 mil.

1 Andauians [type var.] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

74. Rissoina percrassa.

Rissoina percrassa, Nevill, Jour, Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1874, pi. 1, fig. 13,
Mauritius, long. 8, diam. 3 mil.

Rissomas. 93

1 Mauritius [type] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

One of the most remarkable species of the Genns.

SECTION G. — ZEBINA, H. and A. Adams.

Gen. Moll. I, p. 328, 1855, type E. coronata, Secltiz ; = Group F7,
Schivartz, I. c., page 39.

75. Rissoina tridentata.

Kissoa tridentata, Michaud^ . Descr. Coq. nouv. 1832 ; fide Schwartz, long.
8, diam. 4 mil., from lied Sea, Philippines, Mauritius and Sandwich I. ;
Suez, fide M' Andrew ; fide Pease = R. crassilabrum, Garrett, 1857 ;
from Tahiti, fide Graffe.

2 N. Caledonia; ex. c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

1 Roweiah, Red Sea ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq.
12 Mauritius [9TV, 5], Andamans and Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
4 Sandwich Islands; coll. H. Pease, Esq. [64, 3*].

76. Rissoina coronata.

Rissoina coronata, Secluz, ms., Schwartz, Denies. K. Ale. Wissen. Wien,
XIX, I860, Mauritius, long. 5 3, diam. 2'3 mil. ; 1 = R. Udentata, Phil.,
and var. from Vpolu,fide Schmeltz, 1. c. V.

1 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

E. affinis, Garrett, P. Ac. Phil. 1873, Viti Is., long. 5 mil.,
must be close to this species ?

77. Rissoina bidentata.

Rissoa bidentata, Phillipi, Wiegm. Arch. 1845, p. 64, Friendly Isl.,
long, f, diam. 1% ; fide Schwartz, long. 6'5, diam. 2'8 mil., Mauritius
and Friendly Islands.

3 Mauritius [5|, 2£] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

Besides the dentition of the aperture, the differences in the
shape of the spire, whorls, &c., easily and certainly distinguish
it from It. tridentata.

RISSOIDJB. 95

82. Rissoina eulimoides.

Rissoina enlimoides, A. Adams, P. Zool, S. 1851, Philippines ; Jide &*».
long. 6, diam. 2~6 mil.

1 Andamans; coll CapL R. C. Temple.
1 Cpolu; ex Mas. Godeffroy.

5 Ceylon [6£, 3] ; coll. G. Nevffl, Esq.

I can perceive no trace of sculpture on the two upper whoria
in any of these, even with the lens, as is recorded by Herr
Schwartz, neither is there any mention of such sculpture in the
original description.

1 New Caledonia; ex c. J. Caldwell, Eaq.

83. Bissoina stoppanii,

Rissoina stoppanii, I**dt Malac. Mar Rosso, 1869, long. 21, diam. 1 mil.
tubfosril;= R. oryza, Garrett, P. Ac. Pkilad. 1873, Viti I*L,lomg.2
mil.

20 Mauritius, Aden [2£, 1], Annesley Bay, Khans Shetn, mud Tumb
Island [Persiaa Gulf j ; colL W. T. Blanf ord and G. Xevfll, Esqrs.

84. Rissoina sublaevigata.

Rissoina subtevigata, G. Kerill, J. A. S. S. 1S81, Andaman*, lomg. 3\,
diam. 1* mil., amd Wd**a*ff, Comck.-Cab. H, 1SS1, pL 15Ctfy. 7.

6 Andamans [type] ; colL G. Xevill, Esq.

SECTION H. — PTRAMIDELLOIDES, nov.

Type B. Miranda, A. Adams.

&5. Bissoina insolita.

Rissoina insolita, Detlaye*, Cat. Moll. Scmmion, lS63—l<t»g. 3, diam. 1
mil.

6 Mauritius, Bourbon [3i, H], Ceylon, and Andamans; colL G.
Xevill, Esq.

15 Arakan and Bombay [3, lT\y] ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank and
W. T. Blanford, Esq.

The spire is often a trifle inclined to the right, and out of the
axis.

6 Persian Gulf ; ex c. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring.
subvar. deformis, nov.

Spire notably bent away from the axis, somewhat forward and
to the left, as in many of the Eulimidce.

1 Mauritius ,- coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

var major, nov.

3 Mauritius [4£, If] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

var. depauperata, nov.

4 Mauritius [2J, vix. 1) ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

1 Singapore ; coll. Dr, F. Stoliczka.

86, Rissoina miranda.

Ris^oina miranda, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VIII, 1861, Mino-Sima, 63F. ;
? = E. insolita, Desk.

I can detect no marked difference in this form from the pre-
ceding, except that the nodules are less rounded or pearl-
like.

2 Hong-Kong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

2 Japan [typical] ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams.]

Long 3, diam. 1 mil.

87. Rissoina bellardii.

Rissoina bellardii, Issel, Mai. Mar Rosso, 1869 — long. %\, diam. \ mil. —
sulfossil ; ? R. insolita, Desk., var.

Perhaps only a variety of the preceding, distinguished by
shorter and more convex spire, more tumid last whorl, &c.

1 Jashk, Persian Gulf [If, f ] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq,
4 Persian Gulf ; ex c. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring.

var. ?
1 Annesley Bay, Red Sea [2, $] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

R1SS01DJ5. 97

Sub-Genus IRAVADIA, Blanford.

J. Asiat. Soc., Bengal, 1867, p. 56, type I. ornata, Blf. ; fide StoliczJca,
belongs to sub-fam. Rissoina [anim. ign.~],

88. Rissoina [Iravadia] ornata.

Iravadia ornata, W. T. Blanford, J. Asiat. Soc., Bengal, 1867, Irawady
Delta.

30 Ft. Canning and Irawady Delta [typical] ; coll. W. T. Blanford
and J, Wood-Mason, Esqrs.

89. Rissoina [Iravadia] trochlearis.

Bissoina trochlearis, Gould, P. Bost. S. 1861,- China Seas— axis 16, diam.
'073 poll. ; =R. annulata, DunJcer, Japan.

1 Japan ; ex c. Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams ; labelled " Onoba cinyuli*

fera, A. Ad/']
12 Honef-Kong, under stones at extreme low water; coll. R. Hungerford,

Esq. [4, 2],
40 Ceylon, Aden, Bombay, Andamans, Singapore, and Arracan ; coll.

F. Stoliczka and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

var. minor. [? dist. sp.]

ConcTi.-Cab. II, pi. 15 B,fig. 2.

Shell like that of a miniature B. ornata, covered with a thin
epidermis. Thick, solid, without the minute, decussating striae
of the preceding ; whorls six, the first two without sculpture,
the next two with two very strong spiral keels, the fifth with
three, the last of which is less developed than the other two,
the last with six of these sulcations ; outer lip much thickened,
fimbriated [as it were] by five of these projecting sulcas ;
margins of aperture without any basal notch or canal, joined
by a callosity ; columella nearly straight.

Long. 3J, diam. If mil. [Kesm],
Long. 3|, diam. \\ mil. [Hong- Kong].

98 RISSOID^E.

60 Gwadar, Tavila and Kesra [Persian Gulf] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

4 Hong-Konof; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.
20 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fail-bank.

1 Kathiawar; coll. F. Fedden, Esq.

90. Rissoina [Iravadia] n. sp.

2 Bombay; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank. [anfr. 7; long. 11 in.]

Sub-Genus ISSELIELLA, Nevill.

Issciia, O. Semper ms., ScTimeltz, Cat. Hus. Godeffroy, V [sine desc.], type
J^. mirabilis Dkr. [not Isselia,Bourg. Descr. nouv. Genres, tSfc.l877~\.

Distinguished by the very distinct basal " canal " [or notch],
twisted columella and sinistrally bent, pyramidella-like apex.
Type Rissoina ? abnormis, Nevill.

Perhaps Alvania bourguignati, Issel, belongs to this group ?

A. Adams (ms.) and von Martens, in Mobius Keise Mauritius,
&c., consider these forms as allied to— or part of — Lachesis.
0. Semper, fide Schmeltz, placed them in the Family Planaxidce.
I feel convinced, and I believe Dr. Weinkauff is of the same
opinion, that they belong to the Rissoidce and are closely allied
to true Rissoina.

91. Rissoina [Isseliella] mirabilis.
Rissoina mirabilis, Dunker, Cat. Mus. Godef. HI, Samoa Islands.

3 Upolu ; ex Mus. Godeffroy.

92. Rissoina [Isseliella] pseudoconcinna, n. sp.

Rissoina concinna, Soio. [as of A. Adams, ms.'] in Con. Icon. 1819, pi. 1,
Jiff. 9, Japan [not R. concinna, A. Ad. 1851].

1 Japan, ex c. Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams; labelled Lachesis
n. sp. !]

93. Rissoina [Isseliella] abnormis.

Rissoina ? abnormis, G. Nevill, Jour. Asiat. Soc., Bengal, 1875, p. 100,
pi. VIII, fig. 23, Mauritius—long. 3, diam. JfJ mil. ; Lachesis sp. fide
Martens.

99

14 Mauritius [type], Ceylon, and Seychelles; coil. G. Nevill, Esq.
GAudamans and Bombay; coll. W. T. Blanford and J. Wood-
Mason, Esqrs.

Genus FAIRBANKIA, W. T. Blanford.
Ann. Mag. 1868 [Dec.], type F. lomlayana, Blf.

Belongs to the Family Rissoellidce, fide Martens, Zoological
Record V. ; Stoliczka placed it in the sub-family Bissoinoe.

l. Fairbankia bombayana

Fairbankia bombayana, W. T. Blanford, Ann. Mag., 1868 — long. 7, diam. 3
[vix], Bombay and small var. 5, 2.

20 Bombay Harbour; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbauk and W. T. Blanford,

"CV~

var. depauperata, nov.

2 Bombay [4f , 2] ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank.

2. Fairbankia [?], n. sp.

Spirally sculptured, thin epidermis — long. 4J, diam. !T9g mil.
1 Arakan [type] ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

3. Fairbankia [?] feddeniana.

Fairbankia ? feddeniana, G. flevill, Jour. As. Soc., Bengal, 1881, Kathiawar,

1 Kathiawar [type] ; coll. F. Fedden, Esq.

1 Kura Salt Works, Kathiawar [10 feet below the surface] ; coll.
F. Fedden, Esq.

? var. [? spec. juv.].
4 Kura Salt Works ; coll. F. Fedden, Esq.

100

Genus FOLINIA, Crosse.
J. de C., 1867, type Rissoa insignis, Folin,from Panama.

Two species have since been described from Suez in the
" Fonds de la Mer," but not figured ! I have never seen the
Genus.

Genus HIS SO A, Freminville, ms.

Desmarest, Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. 1814, type S. violacea, Desm.; type fide
Gray, P. Z. S. 1847, R. laliosa [ = membranacea'] ; type fide Herrm. 1848,
Turbo cimex ; sect. = Mohrensternia, Stol., Palcsont. Ind. 1867, type R.
angulata, Eichw. ; sect. — Zippora, Leach, Syn. Moll. Gt. Brit. 1852, type
R. auriscalpium, Lin. ; sect. = Rissostomia, Sars, Moll. Norveg. 1878, type
R. membranacea, J. Ad. [as Z. drummondi, Leach.~\

1. Rissoa sulzeriana.

Alvania sulzeriana, Risso, Hist. Nat. Mer. 1826.

3 Piedmont [fossil] ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

2. Rissoa lachesis.

Turbo lachesis, Basterot, Mem. Geol. Bord., 1825.

5 Steinabrunn [fossil] ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

3. Rissoa albella.

Bissoa albella, Loven, Index Moll. Scand., 1846, Bohnslau; var. — R. sarsii
Lov., Bergen, fide Jeffreys.

6 " Kattegat j " coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

4. Rissoa decolorata.

Rissoa decolorata, Phllippi, Mai. Zeits., 1846, Lesina — long. 3, diam. 1^.
3 Mediterranean ', coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

5. Rissoa interrupta.

Turbo inter rupta, J. Adams, Trans. Lin. Soc. V, 1798 ; fide Jeffreys -R.
parva, var.

RISSOIDJJ. 101

30 England, &c j ex c. As. Soc. Bengal, Dr. F. Stoliczka and G. Nevill,
Esq.

6. Bissoa lilacina.

Rissoa lilacina, Recluz, Rev. Zool. Cuv. 1843, for Turbo violaceus, MuUfeld,
1824 [not R. violaceus, Desm. 1814] ; fide Jef. = R. violacea, Desm.

18 N. W. France ; coll. Miss Beaufort.

7. Bissoa lineolata.

Rissoa lineolata, Michaud, Descr. Coq., 1832, Provence.

4 Mediterranean ; ex c. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

8. Bissoa membranacea.

Turbo membranaceus, J. Adams, Linn. Trans. V, 1797 ; fide Jeffreys, vars.
minor, venusta, Phil, and elata, Phil. ; sect. Rissostomia.

2 Mediterranean ; ex c. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern.
20 Wey mouth ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [9|, 3f ].

var. labiosa.

Helix labiosa, Montagu, Test. Brit., 1803.

18 N. W. France and Weymouth; coll. Miss Beaufort and G. Nevill,

9. Bissoa grossa.

Rissoa grossa, Michaud, Desc. Coq., 1832, Provence; =R. membranacea, fide
Jeffreys ; sect. Rissostomia.

9 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

10. Bissoa violacea.

Rissoa violacea, Desmarest, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1814 ; vars. ecostata and
porifera, fide Jeffreys, also = R. guerini and lilacina, Reel. Sfc.

12 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.
6 Mediterranean ; ex c. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

102 RISSOIDJE.

11. Rissoa oblonga.

Rissoa oblonga, Dcsmarest, Bull. Soc. Philom., 1814 ; = R. mevnbranacea, fide
Jeffreys ; sect. Rissostomia.

8 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

4 Mediterranean ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka and Herr Schwartz von

Mohrenstern.
3 Ajaccio ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

12. Kissoa monodonta.

Rissoa monodonta, Bivona, ms.t Philippi, Enum. Moll. Sicil., 1836.

15 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

30 Mediterranean ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka and Herr Schwartz von
Mohrenstern.

13. Bissoa ventricosa.

Rissoa ventricosa, Desmarest, Bull. Soc. Philom., 1814 ; = R. membranacea,
Jide Jeffreys*

50 Algiers, Ajaccio, &c.j coll. G. Nevill, Esq., P. Joly, Esq., and Herr
Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

14. Kissoa radiata.

Rissoa radiata, Pkilippi, ISnum. Moll. Ricil. I. 1836.
30 Algiers; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

var. Isevigata.

6 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

15. Bissoa rufllabrum.

Rissoa rufilahrum, Leach, ms., Alder, Ann. Mag. XIII, 1844, England ; fide
Jeffreys — R. violacea, Desm.

4 Weymouth; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

16. Rissoa variabilis.

Turbo variabilis, MilMfeld, Berlin VerTi. IV, 1824; Rissoa costata,
2)esm., Bull. Philom. 1814, not Turbo costatus, Lin. \_Alvania sp.~\

30 Mediterranean ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka and Herr Schwartz von
Mohreustern.

UISSOID^l. 103

I have followed Herr Schwartz in not considering it desir-
able to change the specific name to costata.

17. Eissoa subcostulata.

Rissoa subcostulata, Schwartz von Mohrenstern, Deriks K. Ak. Wissens.
Wien, XIX, 1860, for R. costulata, Alder, 1844, not of Risso 1826 \_ = R.
varialilis, Mhlf.]

20 Weymouth, &c. ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

var. sublsevis.

28 Algiers, &c., Mediterranean ; coll. P. Joly, Esq., and Herr Schwartz
vou Mohrenstern.

Some of these were sent me by M. Joly as " var. Icevis."

18. Rissoa pulchella.

Rissoa pulchella, Philippi, Enum. Moll. SlciL, 1836.

6 Mediterranean : coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

19. Rissoa similis.

Rissoa similis, Scacchi, Catal. p. 14, 1836, Italy; fide Jeffreys, small var. of
R. costulata, Alder.

30 Mediterranean; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczta and Herr Schwartz von
Mohrenstern.

15 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

var. Isevis.

R. similis var. Isovis, Watson, P. Zool. S. 1873, Madeira ; fide Monter.
R. gemmula, Fischer, Fonds de la Mer, pi. XXIII, Gulf Gascon^.

16 Algiers; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

20. Rissoa parva.

Turbo parvus, Da Costa, Brit. Conch. 1779 ; fide Jeffreys, vars. ititerrupta
Ads. and exilis, a'so= Cingula alba, Fleming, fye.

100 Mediterranean, N. W. France, England, and Biarritz ; coll. Miss Beau-
fort, Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern, and G. Nevill, Esq.

104 RISSOTDJE.

21. Rissoa algeriana.

Rissoa Algeriana, Monterosato, J. de C., 1877, Algiers, pi III, Jiff. 5, " coll.
Joly."

20 Algiers [typical] ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

var. rufula.

R. Algeriana, var. rufula, Monterosato, I. c.
9 Algiers ; coll. Mons. Joly.

22. Rissoa pusilla.

Rissoa pusilla, PUlippi, Enum. Moll. Sicil. 1836 ; Jlde Schwartz, E. dolium,
Nyst, 1843.

10 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

23. Rissoa desmaresti.

Rissoa desmaresti, Audouin, Descr. de VEgyp'e, pi. Ill, fig. 21, 1826.

The outline figure of type, natural size, measures about 3
mil.

var. minima.

1 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
Long. 1 mil.

24. Rissoa auriscalpium.

Turbo auriscalpium, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. Ed. XII, 1757 / sect. Zippora.

30 Algiers, &c., Mediterranean ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mobrenstern,
and P. Joly, F. Stoliczka, and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

25. Rissoa (?) rudis.

Rissoa rudis, PUllippi, Enum. Moll. Sicil. I, 1836.
50 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

Not included in Rissoa [restricted] by Schwartz, but con-
sidered an Alvania ?

RISSOID.E,

var. minor.

6 Algiers j coll. P. Joly, Esq.

26. Rissoa inconspicua.

Rissoa inconspicua, Alder, Ann. Mag. XIII, 1844, Northumberland.
4 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

27. Rissoa angulata.

Rissoa angulata, Eichwald, Nat. STciz. LitTiauen. 1830; sect. Mohren-
sternia.

1 Gaya [fossil] ; ex c. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

28. Rissoa splendida.

Rissoa splendida, Mchwald, Nat. Hist. 1, 1830, p. 219, Slack Sea.
4 Theodosia, Black Sea ; ex c. C. F. Ancey, Esq.

29. Bissoa (?) globulus.

Rissoa globulus, Holler, Ind. Moll. Groenl. 1842.

1 Greenland j ex " Linnsea."
Looks to me more like a form of brackish- water Hydrobiince.

Genus ALVA1STA, Eisso.

Hist. Eur. Merid. IV, 1826, p. 140, type A. cimex, Lin. [as Alv. europcea,
Jtisso'], type restr. G-ray, P. Z. S. 1847 [as A. calathiscus] ; sect. = Man-
zonia, Srusina, Chieregh. Conch. 1870, type Turbo zetlandicus, Mfg.
[= Turboella, Leach, ms., Gray, P. Z. S."1847~\ ; sect. = Plagiostyla, P.
Fischer, Fonds de la Mer, et Act. Soc. Lin. Bord. XXIX, 1869, type
Missoa lactea, Mich.

1. Alvania adelse.

Rissoa adelse, d'Orbigny.

2 Steinabrunn [fossil] ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

106 RISSOIDJE.

2. Alvania nooulinsi.

Rissoa moulinsi, d'Or'oigny.

4 Steinabrunn [fossil] ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

3. Alvania zetlandica.

Turbo zetlandicus, Montagu, Trans. Lin. Soc., XI, 1803, Gt. Britain;
sect. Manzonia.

5 Steinabrunn [fossil] ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

4. Alvania brevis.

R5s?oa brevis, Allioni.

5 Sienna [fossil] ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

5. Alvania marise.

Rissoa marise, d'Orbigny.

2 Steinabrunn [fossil] ; coll. Herr" Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

M. Joly considers this species to be found living at Algiers
and not separable specifically from A. reticulata.

6. Aivania scalaris.

Rissoa scalaris, Dubois.

3 Steinabrunn [fossil] ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

7. Alvania vemis.

Rissoa venns, d'Cnbigny.

4 Steinabrunn [fossil]; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

8. Alvania cimex.

Turbo cimex, Linntem, Syst. Nat. X, 1758 ; fide Jeffreys = Turbo calathis-
cus,Mtg. =Alv. europcea, mammillata, and freminmllea, Risso, = B. can-
cellata, Desm. = B. granulata, Phil.

30 Algiers and Ajaccio ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

30 Loc. ?; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka and G. Nevill, Esq.

R1SSOIDJ!. 107

var. depauperata.

Rissoa cimex, var. depauperata, Monterosato, J. de C., 1877, Algiers.
8 Algiers; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

9. Alvania cancellata.

Turbo cancellatus, DaCosta, Brit. Conch. 1778; =2. crenulata, Mich. 1832.

6 A jaccio and Algiers ; coll. G. Nevill and P. Joly, Esqrs.
14 England ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

10. Alvania cimicoides.

Rissoa cimicoides, Forbes, Eeport Brit. Ass. for 1843, JEgean Sea ; fide
Jeff. var. minima, Plymouth.

2 England ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

11. Alvania costata,

Turbo costatus, J. Adams, Trans. Lin. Soc., Ill, 1800, England [not R.
costata, Desm.~] ; fide WeinJcauff= R. exigua, Mich. •= E. carinata, Phil. ;
sect. Manzonia.

16 Mediterranean ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. [3, H].
20 Algiers; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

? var. [? dist. sp.]
6 Loc. ? ; ex. c. Dr. F. Stoliczka [2, |].

12. Alvania lactea.

Eissoa lactea, Michand, Descr. esp. Hiss. 1832 ; = Turbo cancellatus, Lam.
[not DaC.~\ ; sect. Plagiostyla, fide Fischer.

12 Mediterranean ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

3 N. France ; coll. Miss Beaufort.

13. Alvania montagui.

Rissoa montagui, Payrandeau, Cat. Moll. Corse, 1826.

50 Algiers, &c., Mediterranean : coll. P. Joly and G. Nevill, Esqrs., and

Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern.
20 Loc. ? j ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

108 Rissomss.

var. lineata.

Alvania lineata, Risso, Hist. Moll. Europ. Merid, 1826.

16 Algiers; coll. P. Joly, Esq. [as " E. lineata, Risso"].

14. Alvania scabra.

Rissoa scabra, Phillippi, Enum. Moll. Sicil. 1836.
2 Palermo ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

15. Alvania reticulata.

Turbo reticulatus, Montagu, Test. Erit. 1803 [not of Cpr. 1864] ; fide Jef.
=R. beani, Hanley.

8 Algiers and Marseilles ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. [as " R. reticulata — var.
calathus"].

2 England; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. [labelled " R. beani, Hani"].

3 Algiers ; coll; P. Joly, Esq. [as " A. reticulata, var. marice, Orb."] ;

16. Alvania striatula.

Turbo striatulus, Montagu, Test. Brit., 1803 {not T. striatulus, Lin.].

3 N. France and England ; coll. Miss Beaufort, and G. Nevill, Esqr.

17. Alvania sp. ?

4 Mediterranean; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

Can this be Alv. schwartziana of Brusina ? It was sent to the
museum as "A. subcrenulata, Schw." [ubi?].

18. Alvania [??] mariella.

Alvania mariella, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VIII, 2861, Tsu-sima, 26 fths. and
Korea Strait, 46fths.

1 Japan [typical] ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A, Adams].

Long. 2, diam. 1 mil. A beautiful form, agreeing exactly with
the original description; the correct generic classification is
very doubtful.

19. Alvania ceelata.

Alvania cselata, A. Adams, Ann. Mag., VIII, 2861, Tsu-sima, 25ftns,

RISSOID2E. 109

I Japan [typical] ; ex Mr. K. Damon [coll. A. Adams].
Seems to be an immature specimen ; long. 2|, diam. 1J mil.

20. Alvania badia [?].

Alvania badia, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VIII, 1861, Ealahai and, Shan-tung.

1 Japan; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams].

21. Alvania ferruginea.

Alvania ferruginea, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VIII, 1861, Tesso, 7 fths.

2 Japan [typical] ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams].

Long. 3, diam. If mil. A true Alvania, agreeing with the
original description.

22. Alvania fenestrata.

Rissoa fenestrata, Krauss, Sud-AfriJc. Moll. 1848, " on the byssus of Pinna
squamifera" Etnb. River Kysna—1'5, 0'8 tin. [not of Gould].

2 Port Natal; coll. G, Nevill, Esq.

23. Alvania n. sp.

10 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
Long. 2, diam. 1 mil. Near the preceding.

24. Alvania n. sp.

3 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
Closely allied to the next species.

25. Alvania mauritiana.

Alvania mauritiana, von Martens, Molius, Mauritius, 1880— long. 1\, diam.
%mil.

2 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

110 KISSOID.E.

26. Alvania n. sp.

Cret. Qast. 8. India, I. 1867, p. 274, as " sp. which extremely resembles
the fossil species of Mohrensternia, but possibly can be a form of Alaba.''

20 Arakan; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
6 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbunk.

27. Alvania n. sp.

2 Balapiti, Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

28. Alvania sp.

1 Annesley Bay; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

Possibly A. desmaresti, Audouin-var. ?

29. Alvania n. sp.

1 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

30. Alvania n. sp.

10 Galle ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq.
Very prettily maculated with brown.

31. Alvania n. sp.

2 Gwadar ; coll. W, T. Blanford, Esq.

32. Alvania carinata.

? Turbo carinatus, DaCosta, JBrit. Conch. 1778 ; fide Monterosato, J. de C.
1877 = R. labiata, Phil.

2 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. [as " Rissoa carinata, DaCosta — very
rare"].

Can this be the Turbo striatulus, Mtg. = Turbo carinatus,
DaCosta = Turbo monilis, Fleming ? I doubt it.

33. Alvania mutabilis.

Alvania mutabilis, Schwartz von Mohrenstern, ms., Weinkauff", Conch. Medit-
1868, Algeria and Dalmatia.

RISSOID.E.

Ill

12 Algiers j coll. P. Joly, Esq.
Fide Monterosato, distinct from A. canariensis, Orb.

34. Alvania caribsea.

Rlssoa caribsea, d'Orbigny.

8 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

35. Alvania sculp tills.

Rissoa sculptilis, Monterosato, J. de C., 1878, Algiers, " coll. Joly"
1 Algiers [typical] ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. ["very rare"].

36. Alvania [?] circinata [?]

Alvania circinata, A. Adams, Ann. Mag., VIII, 1861, Isl. Sado, SOftks.

1 Japan; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams — labelled " A. circinata "].

Long. 1 J, apparently not adult, the lip is not coloured, and,
altogether, it does not agree with the original description.

37. Alvania scifrula.

Alvania scitula, A, Adams, Ann. Mag., 1861, Lo-shan-Jcow and Shan-tang.

2 Japan [typical] ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams].

Long. 2 J, diam. 1 J mil. Agrees well with the description.
I shall give, when I have the opportunity, the measurements of
A. Adams' species, which he omitted in his original description.

38. Alvania interfossa.

4 Arakan ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
2 Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

39. Alvania n. sp.

A pretty little form, here and there maculated with brown.
2 Guile i coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq.

112

40. Alvania n. sp.

20 Singapore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
Long. 1|, diam. 1 mil. Unusually broad, in proportion.

var robusta.
30 Bombay ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

41. Alvania n. sp.

The whorls are markedly less convex than in the Nico-
bareseA stigmata, Frauenfeld.

8 Bombay [If, 1] ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank, and W. T. Blauford,

Esq.
4 Andamans, Ceylon, and Mauritius [2, 1] ; coll. G. Nevill and

J. B. Baxter, Esqrs.
4 Arakan ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

42. Alvania n. sp.

4 Arakan and Penang; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
1 Singapore [2, 1 i] ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

Longitudinal ribs quite straight, rather distant and thick.

43. Alvania stigmata.

Alvania stigmata, von Frauenfeld, Moll. Novara Reise, 1866 \_Kamorta,
Nicobars~] — long, 2, diam. mil., on expl. of plate as A. stigmatica !

var. tumida [? dist. sp.]

6 Andamans ; coll. J. Wood- Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs.
2 Ceylon; coll. G. Nevill and J. B. Baxter, Esqrs.
20 Arakan; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

44. Alvania weinkauffii.

Alvania weinkauffii, Schwartz, ms., WeinJcauff, Conch. Medit., 1868, Algeria.

20 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.
Fide Monterosato, distinct from Alv. dictyophora, Philippi ?

RissonxE. 113

45. Alvania lancise.

Rissoa lancise, Calcara, Moll. Sicil. 1845 ;=R. philippiana, Jeffreys, Ann.
Mag. 1856, Spezzia.

30 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly and Q. Nevill, Esqrs.

1 Mediterranean; coll. Herr G. Schwartz von Mohrenstern [as "Alv.
philippiana"].

var. tessellata.

Alvania tessellata, Schwartz, from Algiers.

1 Algiers; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

46. Alvania n. sp.
Long. 4, diam. If mil.

2 Hongkong; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

Gould's description of Alvania fusca, from Hongkong, would
answer perfectly to this form, but is said to have eight whorls
and measure long. 5, diam. 1J mil. Dr. Hungerford's shell has
only five and a half whorls.

47. Alvania [?] asturiana.

Plagiostyla asturiana, P. Fischer, Act. Soc. Lin. Sord., XXIX, 1869, [?] and
Fonds de la Mer, pi. II, fig. 5, 1872, Gulf of Gascony ; sect. Plagiostyla.

1 Gijon, Bay of Biscay; coll. Marquis de Folin.

If M. Fischer had made this remarkable species the type of
his Genus Plagiostyla, instead of R. lactea, Michaud, I should
have considered the form as worthy of at least subgeneric
distinction.

Genus FENELLA, A. Adams.
Ann. Mag., I860, type F. pupoides, A. Ad., as " Finella," emend. 1864.

The Eissoa semicostata, Pease, A. J. C., 1868, Caroline IB!.,
3, 1|, seems to belong here H A. Adams has also described F.
Candida, 1861; F. asperulata, 1860; F. pulchella, 1860; F.
ferruginea, 1860, all from Japan.

H

114 RISSOIDJE.

1. Penella rufocincta.

Dunkeria rufocincta, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. Till, 1861, MososeJci, Tabane
and TaJcano-Sima; Suez, fide M'Andreio.

2 Japan ; ex Mr. R, Damon [" coll. A. Adams "].
Long. 3|, diam. 1^- mil.

2. Fenella rissoiformis.

Chryssalida rissoifonnis, Issel, Malac. Mar Rosso, 1869, Suez; long. 2k,
diam. 1 mil.

2 Massaua ; coll. Prof. A. Issel.
2 Audamans ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

1 Roweiah, Red Sea; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq.

This last is a rather narrower form.

3. Fenella cerithina.

Eissoa cerithina, Philippi, Zeits. Mai., 1849, p. 34, Aden— long, jff ; ? var.
==F. scabra, A. Ad.

50 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [3f, 1].
5 Suez; coll. Prof. A. Issel and J. B. Baxter, Esq.
8 Aden ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and G. Nevill, Esq.

2 Natal ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

Herr Schwartz identified these Natal specimens as F. excur-
vata [ubi ?] ; Gould speaks of an Alvania excurvata, Cpr.

10 Oman and Tawila [Persian Gulf] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

var. [ ? dist. sp.].
26 Singapore; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

var. scabra.

Dunkeria scabra, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VI, 1860, p. 421, Tsu-sima, Anfr.
§1, [" liris elevatis tribus"~\ ; Suez, fide Me Andrew.

2 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams"].
Long. 2J, diam. 1 mil., the other rather larger.

RISSOID2E. 115

40 Andamans, Bombay, Galle and Mauritius; coll. W. T. Slanford, J. B.
Baxter, and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

I am not clear whether this is, or is not, a distinct species
from the preceding [F. cerithina'] ? They seem to me to run
one into the other ! Certain it is, however, that Mr. A. Adams
identified as F. scabra, indubitable specimens of F. cerithina,
which had been dredged by Mr. Me Andrew at Suez ! The sculp-
ture of the Japan forms appears somewhat coarser, and with
one transverse stria less.

10 Hongkong ; coll. E. Hungerford, Esq.
6 Kathiawar; coll. F. Fedden, Esq.

4. Fenella sp.

2 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.
Something like F. reticulata, A. Adams.

5. Fenella sp.

3 Hongkong; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

6. Fenella [?] n. sp.

1 Andamans ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

Probably one of the most minute marine Mollusca in exist-
ence.

7. Fenella virgata.

Eissoa virgata, Philippi, Zeits. Mai. 1849, Suez, Aden, fyc., and Descr.
de I'Egypte, pi. Ill, fig. 29, long. 2.

This is almost certainly one of A. Adams' species, perhaps
his F. pupoides ?

var. [?]

2 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

var. [?]
1 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

116 BISSOID2E.

8. Penella sp.

Pupoides ? vinacea var.

50 Seychelles, Mauritius, and Natal ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
12 Bombay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

var. latefasciata.

16 Mauritius; coll. G, Nevill, Esq.

subvar. minor.
5 Bombay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

9. Fenella [?] sp.

1 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

10. Fenella n. sp. ?

3 Bombay j coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

11. Fenella fulgida [PJ.

Rissoa fulgida, C. J5. Adams [ubi ?].

8 Natal ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [7, 2$].

Identified for me as F. fulgida, C. B. Adams, by Herr
Schwartz von Mohrenstern.

var. [? dist. sp.].
3 Natal; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

var. [? dist. sp.].
8 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

12. Fenella sp. ?

2 Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill. Egq.

Rissonxa. 117

var. [? dist. sp.].

2 Singapore ; coll. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

13. Penella reticulata.

Dunkeria reticulata, A, Adams, Ann. Mag. VI, 1860. p. 422, Awa-Sima,
Anfr. 8% ; Suez, fide McAndrew.

3 Japan; ex Mr. Damon ["coll. A. Adams"].
Long, 3J, diam. l£ mil.

var. ?

5 Henjam [Persian Gulf] and Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanford,
Esq.

4 Nicobars ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

All in very bad condition.

14. Penella vinacea.

Rissoa vinacea, Eecluz [ubi ?].

20 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

Identified for me, as above, by Herr Gr. Schwartz von Moh-
renstern.

15. Fenella pupoides.

Finella pupoides, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VI, I860, Tsu-ni>na and Korea
Strait; J. de C., 1S68, pi. IV, fig. 5; Samoa, fide Schmeltz, and Suez,
fide McAndrew ; ?=R. virgata, Phil.

4 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [c. A. Adams] and Dr. F. Stoliczka.
Long. 3f, diam. lj mil.

3 Hongkong; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

1 Natal; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [identified by Herr Schwartz]

4 Aden and Nicobars ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
6 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

2 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

var. fusco-apicata [? dist. sp.]

20 Bombay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

118 EISSOID^!.

16. Penella infratincta [?].

Fenella infratincta, Garrett, P. Acad. Philad., 1873, Viti and Samoa Isl.
long. 2\ mil.

2 Samoa; ex Mus. Godeffroy [long. 3^ mil. ; labelled " F. pupoides"'].

17. Penella n. sp.

12 Mauritius ; coll. J. B. Baxter and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

18. Fenella n. sp.

2 Tawila [Persian Gulf] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

19. Penella n. sp.

2 Tawila [Persian Gulf] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
Something like F. rufocincta, A. Adams.

20. Penella sp.

2 Tawila [Persian Gulf] ; coll. 'W. T. Blanford, Esq.

21. Penella fusca.

Dunkeria fusca, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VI, 1860, Talu-Sima, 25 ffhs.
Anfr. 81 [emend. 1864].

2 Japan j ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams "].
Long. 5|, diam. 1^- mil.

22. Penella craticulata.

unkeria craticulata, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. I860, Gotto I. and Mino-Sima.
1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon ["coll. A. Adams "].

23. Penella n. sp.

20 Tawila, Persian Gulf ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

Bissonxa?. 119

Something like F. rufocincta, A. Adams, but smaller, with

g line £'.
ilpture, &c.

different scu

24. Fenella sp.

6 Hongkong ; coll. R. Huugerford, Esq.

25. Fenella n. sp.

1 Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

26. Fenella [?] sp.

1 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.
Presents some of the characters of Turbonilla.

GENUS ONOBA, H. & A. Adams.

Gen. Moll. I, 1854, type Turbo striatus, J. Adams. ; sect. ?=Saoula, S,
and A. Adams, Ann.. Mag. XI, 1863 ;=Pelycidium, Fischer, MS.

Other sp. of the Genus from Eastern Seas are Rissoa Jiyalina
[6 mil.] and K truncata [2 mil.], Garrett, P. Ac. Phil., 1873,
Fiji Isl.

Three sp. have been described by A. Adams from Japan,
Ann. Mag, 1861 and 1863; one is found also at Suez, Ann.
Mag. 1870. The E. striatula, Pease, A. J. C., 1868, Paumotus,
9, 3J — perhaps belongs here, or to £acula, Ad. ?

1. Onoba striata.

Turbo striatus, J. Adams, Tr. Linn. Soc. Ill, 1800 ; fide Jeffreys, vars.
=Hissoa arctica, Loven, and=S. saxatilis, Moller.

10 England; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

var. saxatilis.

Rissoa saxatilis, Moller, Ind. Moll. Gronland, 1842.
1 Hammerfest ; ex " Linnaea."

120 RISSOIDJE.

2. Onoba n. sp.

20 Arakan and Singapore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

var. [? dist. sp.].

1 Arakan ; coll. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

3. Onoba n. sp.

2 Singapore; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

4. Onoba n. sp.

1 Andamans ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.

5. Onoba delicata.

Rissoa delicata, Philippi, Zeits. Mai, 1849, p. 34, Aden, long. 1%.

2 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank [5, 1 J],

1 Roweiah, Red Sea ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. [6f , 2f ].
4 Ceylon j coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

These Herr Schwartz identified as 0 '. pulchella, C. B. Adams.

1 Aden; colL G. Nevill, Esq. [4j, If].

var. microstoma, nov.

3 Roweiah and Galle ; coll. J. Baxter [6, 2^] ; columella more rounded,

less angulate at base.

2 Annesley Bay; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [3|, 1J],

6. Onoba n. sp.

Anfr. 4J ; long. 3, diam. 1 mil.

3 Tumb Island, and Bombay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

7. Onoba [?] n. sp.

20 Singapore and Malacca ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

8. Onoba n. sp.

12 Calicut; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

RTSSOIDJB. 121

9. Onoba n. sp.
Long. 1 mil. [vix] ; anfr. 3J.

2 Andamans ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

var. [? dist. sp.].
2 Andamans ; coll. G, Nevill, Esq.

10. Onoba sp.

1 Hongkong; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

There is another sp. of Onoba, said to be from Hongkong and
Senegal [!] figured by Folin, Fonds de la Mer, PI. VIII, fig. 5,
as Pelycidium venustulum.

Sub-Genns CERATIA, H. & A. Adams.
Gen. Moll. 1, 1854, type Hissoa proxima, Alder.

There is a 0. pyrgula, A. Adams, from Suez, Ann. Mag. 1870,
also a species from New Guinea described by Tapparone-Cane-
fri.

11. Onoba (Ceratia) proxima.

Rissoa proxima, Alder, Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Con. Ill, 1853 ; = R.
striatula, Jeffr., Ann. Mag., 1858, not Turbo ( = Itissoa) striatulus, Lin.

1 England ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

1 Algiers; coll. P. Joly, Esq. ("very rare").

Sub-Genus HYALA, H. & A. Adams.
Gen. Moll. I, 1854, type Turbo vitreus, Mtg.

Three species are described by A. Adams, Ann. Mag., 1870,
from Suez, as belonging to this Genus. Rissopsis, Garrett,
appears to be closely allied.

12. Onoba (Hyala) vitrea.

Turbo vitreus, Montagu, Test. Srit., 1803.

2 England ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.
6 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

mssonxE.
13. Onoba (Hyala) nitida.

Hyala nitida, A. Adams, Ann. Mag., 1870, Suez; anfr. 6.
2 Roweiah, Red Sea; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq.

var. minor.

1 Roweiah ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq.

14. Onoba (Hyala) n. sp.

2 Mauritius and Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq,

15. Onoba (Hyala) sp.

2 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerf ord, Esq.

var.
1 Mauritius ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq.

16. Onoba (Hyala) n. sp.

16 Mauritius and Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

var. ( ? )
4 Persian Gulf; ex c. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring;

17. Onoba (Hyala) sp.

2 Mauritius ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq.

18. Onoba (Hyala) sp.

1 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

19. Onoba (Hyala) n. sp.

3 Mauritius ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

var. ?
1 Mauritius; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq,

RTSSOIDJ8. 123

20. Onoba (Hyala) pumilio.

Hyala pumilio, A. Adams (ubi /).

1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon (" coll. A. Adams ").

21. Onoba (Hyala) glabrata.
Hyala glabrata, Philippi, fide A. Adams ms.

1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon (" coll. A. Adams "),

22. Onoba (Hyala ?) sp.

1 Arakan ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

23. Onoba (Hyala) n. sp.

1 Mauritius ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

A form with two transverse bands.

24. Onoba (Hyala) sp.

2 Hongkong; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

var. minor.
2 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

GENUS AMPHITHALMUS, Carpenter.
Ann. Mag., XV, 1865, type A. inclusus, Carp.

1. Amphithalmus inclusus.

Amphithalmus inclusus, Carpenter, Ann. Mag., XV, 1865, California.
I California; ex Mr. Damon.

2. Amphithalmus pupoides.

Amphithalmus pupoides, H. Adams, P. Zool 8., 1865, Lord Hood's Island-
Ik, k mil.

1 Lord Hood's I. (P) j ex Mr. Damon.

RISSOIDJS.

H. Adams remarks on its resemblance to Stenothyra, &c. ;
Barleeia ? microthyra, Martens, from Mauritius, also belongs here ;
possibly, however, they may both, as well as A. obesus and
A. pellyce prove generically separable from the typical Cali^
fornian species ?

3. Amphithalmus obesus.

Amphithalmus obesua, H. Adams, P. Zool. S., 1865, Lord Hood's Island —
long. J|, diam. % mil.

I Lord Hood's I. (?) ; ex Mr. Damon.

4. Amphithalmus pellyse.

Amphithalmus pellyse, G. Nevill, J. A. S. S., 1881, Adelaide— long. 1\, diam.
£ mil.

1 Adelaide (type) ; coll. Miss Pelly.

GENUS CINGULA, Fleming.

Hist. Srit. Animals, 1828, type Turbo cingillus, Mtg. ; sect. = Peringilla,
Monterosato.

1. Cingula cingillus.

Turbo cingillus, Montagu, Test. Brit., 1803 ; var. rupestris, Forb., Ann. Mag,
V—" landless."

2 Weymouth ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

2. Cingula glabrata.

Turbo glabratus, MilUfeld, Verh. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin, 1818 and 1829.
20 Algiers; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

3. Cingula (?) nigra.

Assiminea nigra, Krauss, Siid-AfriTc. Moll. 1848, Alyoa and Table Bays—
long. 0'7t diam. 0'4 lin.

var. (?)
1 Port Natal ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

Rissoma:. 125

4. Cingula (?) sp.

1 Port Natal; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
This may perhaps be a species of the Hydrobiince.

5. Cingula (?) sp.

1 Mauritius ; coll G. Nevill, Esq.

6. Cingula n. sp.

2 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

7. Cingula n. sp.

50 Annesley Bay, Red Sea ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
A pretty little species, only 1 mil. in length !

8. Cingula (?) n. sp.

5 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

9. Cingula tiberiana.

Cinerula tiberiana, Issel, Malac. Mar Rosso, 1869, Suez — long. 1%, diam. 1
mil., and Descr. de I'Egypte, pi. Ill, Jig 16.

5 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
1 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

10. Cingula villas (?)

Cingula villse, Issel, Malac. Mar Rosso, 1869, Suez — long. 2k, diam. 1$ mil.
and Desc. de I' Mgypte, pi. Ill, fig. 17.

20 Singapore? (or Arakan ?); coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
Long. 2f , diam. 1J mil., scarcely rimate.

var.?
Singapore; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

11. Cingula semistriata.

mistriatus, Montagu, Test.
<pi (Alaba sp.) ; = R. subsi

20 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

Turbo semistriatus, Montagu, Test. Brit. Sup. 1808 ; not liissoa semistriata,
fhilippi (Alaba sp.) ; = R. subsulcata, Philippi, Sicily.

126 RISSOIDtfl.

12. Cingula [?] madreporica.

Cingula madreporica, Issel, Malac. Mar Rosso, 1869, Suez.
Long. 1J, diam. J mil.

2 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanf ord, Esq.

13. Cingula [?] n. sp.

1 Aden ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
Perhaps rather a species of Setia ?

14. Cingula seminulum.

Rissoa seminulum, Monterosato, J. de C., 1877, Sidi Ferruch, pi. Ill, fig. 8.
8 Algiers; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

15. Cingula (?) sp.

3 Andanians and Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

16. Cingula intort a.

Rissoa intorta, Monterosato, Enum. Conch. Medit., 1872, for Rissoa contorta,
Jeffreys, var. intorta, Monterosato, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 1876-77,
Civita-vecchia.

4 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

17. Cingula Isevis.

Rissoa Isevis, Monterosato, J. de C., 1877, Algiers, coll. Joly, (not C. Icevis,
Dekay) ; sect. Peringiella.

20 Algiers (typical) ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

[?] Sub-Genus PUTILLA, A. Adams.
P. Zool. 8., 1867, type P. lucida, A. Adams.

Putilla has been referred, possibly correctly, to the family

Eulimidce.

The three species described by A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VI, 1870,
from Suez, as " Rissoella sp." seem to me to belong to' this
group ?

RTSSOTD^E. 127

18. Cingula ? (Putilla) n. sp.

1 Henjam, Persian Gulf ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

19. Cingula ? (Putilla) n. sp.

10 Oman, Persian Gulf ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

20. Cingula ? (Putilla) lucida.

Putilla lucida, A. Adams, P. Zool, S. 1867, Gotto.
1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [ " coll. A. Adams "].

GENUS [?] SETIA, H. fy A. Adams.
Gen. Moll. 1, 1854, type S. pulcherrima, Jeffr.

From the characters of the shell alone, I am unable to detect
distinctive differences to separate Setia from Cingula [or
Barleeia ?~\.

1. Setia Candida.

Setia Candida, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VIII, 1861, Sado Isl.
1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams "J.

2. Setia pulcherrima.

Rissoa pulcherrima, Jeffreys, Ann. Mag., 184S, Ser. 2, Vol. Ill, Channel
Islands.

8 England ; ex Mr. Damon.

3. Setia fulgida.

Helix fulgida, J. Adams, Trans. Lin. Soc., Ill, 1800, England ;=5.
pygm&a, Michaud,fide Weinkauff.

1 Loc. ? ex Mr. R. Damon [ "coll. A. Adams "].

4. Setia soluta.

Rissoa soluta, Fhilippi, Moll. Sicil 1836.
1 Exmouth ; ex " Linnaea."

128 RISSOID^).

5. Setia n. sp.

1 Andamans -, coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

6. Setia n. sp.

4 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

7. Setia [? ?] n. .p.

1 Natal ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

8. Setia [?] bizonata, nov.
Long. 1 J, diam. J mil. ; anfr. 4.

2 Mauritius [type] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

May possibly prove the 8. bifasciata of A. Adams — Ann.
Mag., VIII, 1861, Japan — with the very meagre description of
•which it agrees.

var. major [? dist. sp.].
1 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

9. Setia bifasciata [?].

Setia bifasciata, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VIII, 1861, Awa—Sima.
I Japan (?) ; ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams "].

This is certainly not 3. pulclierrima, Jeffreys, although sent
me as " Setia pulcherrima, A. Adams, from Japan " ; it is a
larger form than the preceding, to which it is, however, closely
allied.

10. Setia n.sp.

3 Adelaide ; coll. Miss Felly.
With two brown bands on the base.

11. Setia n. sp.

3 Adelaide ; coll. Miss Felly.
A small, pure white species.

RISSOIDJE.

12. Setia [?] n. sp.

1 Adelaide ; coll. Miss Pelly.

13. Setia fusca.

Eissoa fusca, PUlippi, Enum. Moll. Sicil. 1836.

3 Palermo ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq.
12 Algiers; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

14. Setia [?] n. sp.

1 Adelaide ; coll. Miss Pelly. An umbilicated form.

GENUS NEVILLIA, H. Adams.

P. Zool. 8. 1868, p. 289, type N. picta, H. Adams [not Nevillia of Mar-
tens'].

1. Nevillia picta.

Nevillia picta, H. Adams, P. Zool. S., 1868, Mauritius; long. 2$. diam. Ik
mil.

12 Mauritius [type] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

Very variable and beautiful in its coloration ; some are of a
uniform dark brown, some uniform crimson, bright pink varie-
gated with white, or white variegated with pink, &c.

2. Nevillia lucida.

Nevillia lucida, H. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1868, Bourbon ; long. 2. diam. 1\ mil .

I Bourbon [type] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
8 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

GENUS EATONIELLA, Vail.

Bull. U. 8. Mus. 1876, for Eatonia, Smith, Ann. Mag., XVI, 1870, type B.
Icerguelensis, Smith, not Eatonia, Hall, 1859, [Gen. Brachiopoda.~\

Not in the Museum Coll.

GENUS CROSSEA, A. Adams.

Ann. Mag. 1865, type C. miranda, A. Adams ; Crosse, J. de C., 1868, pi. IF,
Jigs. 9-10.

I

130 BlSSOIDJt

1. Crosses [?] n. sp.

1 Andamaw; colL J. Wood-Mam, Esq.

2. Crosses I?] n. sp.

1 Annesley Bar, Bed Sea ; colL W. T. Blanford, Esq.

A very lovely, small form. Can it possibly be the Corena
hiberculifera. A. Adams, from Suez t

3. Crosses concinna.

Croaaea foarma, Angas, P. Z. S. Pi. Jackson.

•

1 Loc. ? ; ex Mr. Damon ["coiL A. Adams "].
Alt. 2f , diam. 3f miL
10 Pt. Jackson; colL G. Nerfll, Esq.

4. Crosses bellula.

Cruoea beBula, ^ ^^nw, ^»». Jfa^. IS65? ^o«o /*?.,- Crow, J. de C.,
1863, pi. IT, fig. 10.

1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [" colL A. Adams "].
Alt. If, diam. If mil.

A^ABATHRON, Franeiifeld,
Moll. Sorara E*p., 1866. type A. comtalmlata, Fr. from Botany Bay.

i. Anabathron contabnlata.

Anabadsran eootalMhta, torn Framenfeld, N&tara Moll. 1866, Botany Bay.
30 Botany Bay; cofl. G. Nerill, Esq. [several ran.].

GE5U3 SCALIOLA, A. Adams.

Ann Mag. VL, 1860, type S. bella,A. Adams, as Snb-Qen. of Scala ; emend. ,
/. c^ X, 1862, as Gen

1. Scaliola bella.

Sealiola beHa, A. Adam*, An*. Mag. VI, I860, and X, 1862, Takt-Sim
25flks.

Lang. 3J, diam. If mil.

Itjpuad] ; ex Mr. Damon [« euR A. Adama " j.

S1SSOIIXS.

2. Scaliola, n.sp.

16 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

3. Scaliola, n. sp.

6 Andamans ; colL G. Xevill, Esq.
1 SeycheUes ; coU. G. Xevill, Esq.

var. [?]
3 Mauritius ; colL G. Neyill, Esq.

4. Scaliola gracilis.

Scaliola gracilis, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. X, 1862, Gotto, 71ffks.
Long. 2, diam. -^ mil.

1 Japan [typical]; ex Mr. Damon ["coll. A. Adams"].

var. [?]

2 Andamans ; coll. G. NeviU, Esq.

5. Scaliola arenosa.

Scaliola arenosa, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. X, 1862, Osima, Tauabe and Simoda.

Long. 3, diam. 1 mil.

2 Japan [typical] ; ex Mr. Damon [** coll. A. Adams **].
50 SeycbeUes and Mauritius j coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

They agree well with the typical specimen. Herr Schwartz
also identified them as S. arenosa.

1 Japan pong. 3, diam. 1 mil.] ; ex Mr. Damon [lal*- lied " 5.

A. Adams "1

1 Singapore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
10 Bombay; coll. W. T. Bknford, Esq.

6. Scaliola glareosa.

Scaliola glareosa, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. 1S62. Gotto /*/., 71 ftks,
Long. 2f , diam. f% mil.

132 RISSOHXE.

2 Japan [typical]; ex Mr. Danaon ["coll. A. Adams"].
40 Singapore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

10 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

18 Andamans and Nicobars; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq., and Dr. F.
Stoliczka.

3 Hongkong j coll. K. Hungerford, Esq.

7. Scaliola elata.

Scaliola elata, Semper, Issel, Malac. Mar Rosso, 1869, Suez ; long. 2\,
diam. 1 mil., and Zanzibar \Semp J\.

Seems to me doubtfully distinct from 8. arenas a ?

5 Suez [typical] ; coll. Prof. A. Issel.
50 Annesley Bay; coll. W. T. Blauford, Esq.

var. [?]
2 Aden; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

8. Scaliola, n. sp.

1 Nicobars ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

[?] GENUS MICROSTELMA, A. Adams.

Ann. Mag. XI, 1863, type M. daedala, A. Ad., Ootto Tsl. ; M. concinna,
A. Adams, I. c., VI, 1870, from Suez, fide Me Andrews, a broken Ris-

This and the two next Genera are not represented in the
Museum.

[?] GENUS COKENA, A. Adams.
Ann. Mag. VI, p. 122, 1870, type C. tuberculifera, A. Ad.,- from Suez.

[?] GENUS EISSOPSIS, Garrett.
P. Acad. PMlad. 1873, type R. typica, Garrett, from Viti and Samoa.

HETEROPHROSYNID^l. 133

5. Family HETEEOPHHOSYNID^, Clarke.

GENUS JEFFREYSIA, Alder.

Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Conch. 1849, and Alder, Ann. Mag. VII, 1851,
type £. [?] diaphana, Aid. ; fide Jeffreys = Rissoella, Auct. [not of
Gray, type of which is Odostomia glabra, Brown].

There are several other species described by A. Adams, Ann.
Mag. 1860 and 1861, from Japan and China.

1. JefiFreysia diaphana.

Rissoa? diaphana, Alder, Ann. Mag. XIII, 1844, England; fide Wein-
Tcauff, should be J. glabra, Brown.

10 England ; ex G. Nevill, Esq.

2. JefiFreysia [?] minima.

Jeffreysia irinima, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VI, 1860, Tsu-Sima, at 26fths.
Long, [vix] 1 mil.
1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams "].

3. Jeffreysia [?] mundula.

Jeffreysia mundula, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VI, 1860, Tsu-Sima at 26flhs.

Even smaller than the preceding !
1 Japan; ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams"].

4. JefiFreysia [?] sp. ?

1 Japan; ex Mr. Damon ["coll. A. Adams"].

There are no bands on this specimen. It was sent me labelled
" Rissoella lifasciata" Carpenter.

5. JefiFreysia [?] sp. ?

3 Japan ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams "].

134 HETEROPflROSYNIDJl.

There are traces of two bands on these specimens. Received
as " Rissoella fulgida, A. Ad. " !

6. Jeffreysia [?] turgidula [?]

Jeffreysia (?) turgidula, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VIt 1860, Korea Strait, at

1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams "].
Received as " Rissoella miridula, A. Ad."

7. Jeffreysia [?] sp.

1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams*'].
Received as " Rissoella glabra, A. Ad."

GENUS BARLEEIA, Clark.
Srit. Marine Test. Moll. 1855, type Turlo ruler, Mtg.

1. Barleeia rubra.

Turbo ruber, Montagu, Test. Srit. 1803; not Turbo ruler, Adams [8.
parva, var. fide Jeffr.].

20 England, &c. ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka, and G. Nevill, Esq.
var. major.

Barleeia rubra, var. major, Monterosato, J. de C., 1877, Algiers.
30 Algiers j coll. P. Joly and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

var. uuifasciata.

Turbo unifasciatus, Montagu, Test. Brit. 1803.
1 Falmouth ; ex " Linuaea."

var. pallida.

Barleeia rubra, var. pallida, Jeffreys, Srit. Con. 111.
1 Algeria ; ex " Linnsea."

LITTORINTDJE. 135

6. Family LITTOEINID^E, Gray.

Genus LITTORINA, Ferussac.

Tabl. Syst. 1821, type L. litorea, Lin. ; sect. — Neritoides, Brown, type
L. oltusata, Lin.; sect. = Melaraphe, Miihlfeld, type L. neritoides,
Lin. ; sect. = Littorinop sis, March, Mai. Slat. 1876, type L. angulifera,
Lamarck.

1. Littorina littorea.

Turbo littoreus, Linnceus, Syst. Nat. X, 1758, Norway ; Jeffreys, 1865,
vars. paupercula, brevicula, twrrita and sinistrorsa.

4 Montrose; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal [34, 25£].
10 England, Dunkirk, &c. ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
2 N. France; coll. P. Bouvier, Esq.

2. Littorina rudis.

Turbo rudis, Maton, Linn. Soc. Trans. VIII, 1807 ; fide Jeffreys, vars.
=L. saxatilis, Johnston = Turbo sulcatus, Leach = Turbo jugosus, Mtg.
and vars. globosa, similis, Icevis and compressa, also = L. sitcTiensi*,
Phil. = L. groenlandica, Menlce.

20 Dunkerque, England, &c. ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka, &c.
1 Port Said; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq.

var. saxatilis.

Littorina saxatilis, Johnston, Trans. Berwick Soc. 1838.
1 Tilbury ; ex " LinnaBa."

var. patula.

Littorina patula, Jeffreys, Thorpe, Brit. Mar. Conch., 1844.
50 United States ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb, &c.

var. tenebrosa.

Turbo tenebrosus, Montagu, Test. Brit. II, 1803 ; var. of L. rudis, fide
Jeffreys.

50 United States ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns, &c.
4 Prince Edward's Island ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

136 LITTORINID^l.

3. Littorina obtusata.

Turbo obtusatus, Linnceus, Syst. Nat. X, 1758, North Sea ; fide Jeffreys,
vars. Turbo fabalis, Turton, ornata and compacta ; sect. Neritoides.

12 Dunkerque, England, &c. ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka, &c.
6 Isle of Wight ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

var. neritiformis.

Littorina neritiforma, Brown, III. Conch. Gt. Britain, 1845.
18 England ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq., and As, Soc., Bengal.

var. limata.

Littorina obtusata, var. limata, Lo'ven.
1 Haminerfest ; ex " Linnsea."

4. Littorina sitchensis.

Littorina sitkana, Philippi, P. Zool. 8. 1845, emend. Abb., pi. VI, figs. 13
and 18, Sitcha ;fide Jeffrey s=L. rudis, var.

10 Vancouver Isl., Kadiak, &c. ; coll. Profs. W. Newcomb and E. C.
Stearns.

subvar. SUblSBVlS.
4 Sitka, &c. ; coll. Profs. W. Newcomb and E. C. Stearns.

subvar. fasciata.
1 Kadiak ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

5. Littorina scutulata.

Littorina scutulata, Gould, P. Bost. S., 1849, Puget Sound.

12 Monterey and Purissima, California; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

6. Littorina neritoides.

Turbo neritoides, Linnceus, Syst. Nat. X, 1758, Mediterranean ; fide
Jeffrey s = L. basterotii, Payr., Sfc. ; sect. Melaraphe.

10 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly and G. Nevill, Esqrs.
1 Menton [? sub-fossil] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

10 Daluaatia ; ex c. Dr. T. Oldbam [labelled " Meliphre glalrata "].
10 Italy and Trieste ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka, &c.

LITTORINIDJJ. 137

7. Littorina punctata.

Turbo punctatus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1790, Senegal; sect. MelarapTie.
10 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

var. syriaca.

Littorina syriaca, PMlippi, Abb. II, 1847, Syria \bene~],
1 Beirut ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

A very distinct form not recorded by Reeve, but scarcely
specifically distinguishable ?

8. Littorina palliata.

Turbo palliatus, Say, J. A cad. PUlad. IT, 1818, United States ; fide Jeffreys
= Nerita littoralis, Linn. ; sect. Neritoides.

20 Long Island, &c. ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle, &c.
8 Prince Edward's Island ; coll. A. Nevill, Esq.

9. Littorina groenlandica.

Littorina grcenlandica, MenTce, Syn. Moll., 1830, Greenland ; fide Jeffreys=
L. rudis, var.

5 Greenland ', ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

10. Littorina africana.

Littorina africana, Krauss, PMllippi, Abb. II, 1847, Algoa Bay ; sect.
Melaraplie.

7 Port Natal ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq., &c.
10 Table Bay [Cape Town] ; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

11. Littorina brevicula.

Turbo breviculus, Philippi, Zeits. Mai., 1844, Emb. TangtseJciang var.=L.
souverbiena, Crosse.

5 Kulangsu (Amoy) ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.
2 Nagasaki ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

138 LITTORINIDJ5.

12. Littorina porcata.

Littorina porcata, Pkilippi, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, Galapagos.
5 Panama; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

13. Littorina planaxis.

Littorina planaxis, Nuttall MS., PUlippi, Abb. II, 1847, pi. IV, fig. 16,
Upper California; sect. Melaraphe.

12 Bodega, and Monterey [California] ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

14. Littorina asp era.

Littorina aspera, Philippi, P. Zool. 8. 1845 and Abb. II, 1847, pi. IV,
fig. 13, " SitcJia, Mexico, and S. Salvador " ; ? sect. Littorinopsis.

12 Panama ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

15. Littorina conspersa.

Littorina conspersa, PTiilippi, Abb. II, 1847, pi. IV, fig. 14, Real Llejos ;
? sect. Littorinopsis.

10 Nicaragua ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

var. fortisulcata.
10 Nicaragua ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

16. Littorina minima.

Turbo minimus, Gray, Wood's Sup. Index Test., 1828, Hab. ? ; sect. Mela-
raphe.

10 W. Indies j ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

17. Littorina lineata.

Littorina lineata, Lamarck, Hist. VII, 1822, Hab. ? ; fide Mo'rch =
L. tessellata, Phil. 1847 ; sect. Littorinopsis.

5 West Indies ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.
1 Guadaloupe ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq.

LITTOR1NID.S). 139

18. Littorina mespilum.

.

Helix mespilum, v. Muhlfdd, Verh. Berlin Oes., I, 1829. Antilles -,= 1.
fusca, Pfr. 1840, Cuba ;=L. naticoides, Orb. ; sect. Melaraphe.

2 Jamaica ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

19. Littorina plena.

Littorina plena, Gould, P. Bost. 8. 1849, S. Francisco, long. $, lat \ poll,
and Expl. Exp.,pl. 14, fig. 236; ? sect. Melaraphe.

var. vitiensis.
Littorina vitiensis, Dunker.

3 Tahiti ; ex Mus. Godeffroy.

Long. 8|, diam. 6| mil. I am by no means sure that this
form is Grould's L. plena. The spire is very much shorter, &c.

20. Littorina picta.

Littorina picta, PUlippi, Abb. II, 1847, pi. Ill, fig. 26, Sandwich Islands
and Luzon, with var. marmorata.

12 Sandwich Islands ; coll. H. Pease, Esq., and Prof. W. Newcomb.

21. Littorina ziczak.

Trochus ziczac, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. I, Vol. V, fig. 1599 ; fide Mo'rch
=L. orbignyana, Philippi, Abb. Ill; sect. Melaraphe.

7 Guadaloupe j ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb and P. Joly, Esq.
10 Aspinwall ; ex c. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

22. Littorina philippii.

Littorina philippii, Carpenter, Cat. Mazatlan Shells, 1857.

30 Gulf of California ; ex c. Profs. W. Newcomb and E. C, Stearns.

Has been stated to be the Lit. dubiosa of C. B. Adams.

140 LITTORINID.E.

23. Littorina angustior.

Littorina angustior, March, Malak. Slat. XXIII, 1876, Havanna, fyc., for,
Orligny's Moll. Cuba, pi. 14, jigs. 24 and 26, as " L. lineata"; = L
carinata, Reeve \_as of Sow. ~\, fig. 50, Cuba, Sfc. ; var. fascinta, Mo'rch
1. c., Orligny's Cuba, pi. 14, fig. 25, ; sect. Melarapke.

10 Cuba ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.
3 Guadaloupe; ex c. P. Joly, Esq.

24. Littorina zebra.

Turbo zebra, Gray, Wood's Sup. Index Test. 1828, S. America ; sect.
MelarapTie.

8 Valparaiso ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

var. nana.

Long. 10, diam. 6| mil.
2 Valparaiso ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

25. Littorina pintado.

Turbo pintado, Gray, Wood's Sup. Index Test. 1828, Sandwich Islands ;
fide Pease, Am. J. Con. IV,=L. ambigua, Phil.=L. serialis, Soul.
= L. tenebrata, Nuttall ; ? sect. MelarapJie.

9 Sandwicb Islands ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

Fide v. Martens from Mauritius and =L. serialis. I cannot
but think, however, this must be merely a form of L. glabrata,
[my L. obesa, var. glabrata]. I have never seen Mascarene
specimens that agree with those of the Sandwich Isl. ; though
indeed the two species are perhaps scarcely more than geo-
graphical races ? Three of the above agree with Reeve's fig.
of L. tenebrata, probably the female form.

var. serialis.

Littorina serialis, Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, 1852, pi. XXXI, figs. 34-86,
Sandwich Islands.

3 Sandwicb Islands ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb [as L. serialis'].

A rather distinct form, does not agree well with Souleyet's
figure.

LITTORINID^. 141

26. Littorina diemenensis.

Littorina diemenensis, Quoy, Voy. Astrolabe, II, 1839, Tasmania and New
Zealand; Philippi, II, pi. IV, jig. 1 [Jbene~]; Reeve, fig. 94 [male];
sect. Melaraphe.

8 Sydney ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

var. pseudolsevis.
Eeeve, Con. Ic. fig. 95, as L. Icevis [not L. Icevis, Phil.']

6 New South Wales; ex c. Asiat. Soc., Bengal, and ex c. British

Museum [sent as " L. mauritiana" !]

Long. 18J, diam. 12J mil.

1 Port Jackson ; coll. J. Caldwell, Esq.

27. Littorina pulchra.

Littorina pulchra, Swainson, Sowerly's Gen. Shells, 1820-4, fig. 2, sect.
Littorinopsis.

3 Panama ; coll. Prof, E. C. Stearns.

28. Littorina nebulosa.

Phasianella nebulosa, Lamarck, Hist. Vol. VII, 1822, S. Domingo ; fide
Morch, Phil. Abb. V, figs. 19 and 20 as L. columellaris, also
L. tigrina, Orb., Cuba, pi. 15, figs. 9-10 ; sect. Littorinopsis.

4 Jamaica; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb [as f< L. columellaris "].

5 Aspinwallj coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns [as " L. columellaris'^.

29. Littorina columellaris.

Littorina columellaris, d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid. 2840, Pernambuco ;
fide March, long. 13, diam. 9 mil., also from Martinique and ? var. of
L. flava, Brod. 1832 ; sect. Littorinopsis.

2 Jamaica ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

Long. 13, diam. 9 mil. ; agrees exactly with Morch's descrip-
tion, Malak. Blat. XXIII, page 135, and seems to me distinct
from preceding. It resembles Reeve's fig. 96, L. sayi, Phil.,
from Florida.

L1TTORINIDJE.

30. Littorina penitaria.

Littorina penitaria, Wood \_ubi /] ; ? sect. Melaraphe.

12 San Juan Fernandez; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns [as " L. penitaria,
Wood"].

Neither in Reeve, Philippi, nor in the Index Test.!

31. Littorina irrorata.

Turbo irroratus, Say, Journ. Philad. V, 1822, June, p. 239 ;=Phasianella
sulcata, Lamarck, 1822, August, p. 54 ; sect. Littorinopsis.

16 Florida and Hog Island [Virginia]; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle, Prof.
E. C. Stearns, and J. Lea, Esq. [As. Soc. Beng.].

32. Littorina mauritiana.

Phasianella mauritiana, Lamarck, Hist., 1822, Mauritius ;=L. Icevis,
Phil, [not of Reeve'], P. Zool. 8. 1845, Sab. ? ; fide v. Martens, from
Hongkong and Pt. Jackson ; sect. Melaraphe.

6 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill and J. Caldwell, Esqrs.

Very closely allied to L. obesa, but smoother and of different
coloration. They may be only varietal forms ? These speci-
mens are most admirably and exactly represented by Philippi,
III, PL VI, fig. 6, as L. Icevis, Locality ? The L. Icevis 'of
Reeve, I need scarcely say, is a totally different Australian form.
Prof. v. Martens would rather consider L. Icevis, Phil., as a form
of L. gldbrata.

33. Littorina obesa.

Littorina obesa, Sowerby, Gen. Shell?, If, 1820-4, fig. 6, South Sea Islands;
vars.=L. gldbrata and L. debilis, Philippi, ; sect. Melaraphe.

5 South Sea Islands ; ex c. Dr. J. C. Cox.

5 Mare, Loyalty Islands; ex c. F. Layard, Esq.

var. glabrata.

Littorina glabrata, Philippi, P. Zool. S. 1845, and Abb. pi. VI f, fig. 5,
Peru [!] ; subvar,=L. debilis, Philippi, I. c., without Loc. ; fide Mart.
as " L. glabrata," from Seychelles, Mascarene I si., Natal and Singa-
pore.

Scarcely specifically separable from L. mauritiana, as already
pointed out by Philippi [under L. Icevis']. Krauss records it

LITTORINID^!. 143

as L. glabrata from Natal, and says " scarcely separable from
L. obesa. " It is also close to L. undulata, Gray, but differs in
shape, &c.

40 Seychelles, Mauritius, Ceylon, and Madras; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

Long. 18, diam. 11 J mil. Philippi also says of his L. glabrata
that it only differs by the coloration from L. obesa and L,
Icevis.

34. Littorina cincta.

Littorina cincta, Quoy, Voy. Astrol. 1832, N. Zealand {nob of Gould~] ;=
L. luctuosa, F. W. Hutton, J. de C., 1877 [not of Beeve].

10 Chatham Islands; ex c..Dr. F. Stoliczka.

35. Littorina antipodum.

Littorina antipodum, PMlippi, Abb. II, 1847, N. Zealand \bene] ;= L.
luctuosa, Reeve, 1865, N. Zealand ;=L. diemenensis, Hutton, I. c. [not

15 New Zealand; ex c. Asiat. Soc. Bengal and Dr. F. Stoliczka [13, 7|].

Profs, v. Martens and Hutton do not appear to have noticed
this form, so admirably represented by Philippi. In colora-
tion it much resembles L. diemenensis and has been confounded
with it by some authors ? The shape is quite different, the
spire being more elongately produced, &c. In some respects
it also resembles Reeve's figure of L. Icevis. It is smoother and
more regularly pyramidical, &c., than the preceding.

36. Littorina undulata.

Littorina undulata, Gray, Zool. Beechey's Voy. 1839, Hab. ?, "smooth";
from New Caledonia, fide Fischer, and from Aru, fide T.— Canefri.

100 Ceylon, Nicobars, Andamans, Penang, Arakan, Laccadives, and Madras ;

coll. R. C. Temple, F. Stoliczka, and G. Nevill, Esqrs.
1 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blauford, Esq.
10 N. Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

subvar. contracta.

20 Andamans; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

The subangulation of two or three of these specimens is almost
obsolete and may connect the form with L. columna, Philippi,
Abb., PI. VI, fig. 15, Loc. ?

1 J4 LITTORINID^!.

var. sulcatula [? L. sulcatula, n. sp.].
Reeve, Jig. 61 A, as L. undulata, var.

5 Ascension Island, Pacific ; coll. H. Pease, Esq.

37. Littorina newcombi.

Littorina newcombi, Reeve, Iconica, fig. 28, 1857, Sandwich Islands ; var,
=L. ambigua, Reeve, fig. 64 [not of Philippi=L. intermedia].

6 Sandwich Islands ; coll. H. Pease, Esq.

Fischer records the species from New Caledonia, but I should
imagine this form would rather be a variety of L. intermedia,
if indeed the two species can be kept apart ? Von Martens in
the Donum Bism. considered L. ambigua as a synonym of L.
pintado ; this can hardly be the case.

Reeve, fig. 64, as L. ambigua, Philippi, Sandwich Islands.
10 Sandwich Isl. j coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.

38. Littorina varia.

Littorina varia, Sowerby, Genera of Shells, 1823, fig. 4, Panama.
10 Panama ; coll. Profs. W. Newcomb and E. C. Stearns.

39. Littorina fasciata.

Littorina fasciata, Gray, ZooL, Beechey's Voy., 1839, Peru.
10 Panama; coll. Profs. W. Newcomb and E. C, Stearus.

40. Littorina angulifera.

Phasianella angulifera, Lamarck, Hist. VII, 1822, Antilles;- L. scabra,
Orb. [not of Lin.~\ ; sect. Littorinopsis.

10 Florida ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns.
4 Panama; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.
1 Guadaloupe ; ex c. Prof. VV. Newcomb.

LITTORINIDJ1. H5

There is no figure, in either Philippi or Reeve, that at all
well represents any of these specimens.

41. Littorina scabra.

Helix scabra, Linnaus, Syst. Nat. X, 1756, Hab. ? ; from Madagascar, fide
Mts.; from Am, fide T.— Canefri.

2 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [26t,15J].

A beautiful form with uninterrupted " flames," resembling in
this respect Philippi's figs. 14 and 15 [L. angulifera, var].

1 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank.

A most remarkable, turriculate specimen, perhaps abnormal !
Long. 29, diam. 16f mil. ; anfr. 7.

6 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

subvar. fiammulata.

Philippi, Abb. II, 1847, pi. V, fig. 3, Philippines and Singapore; Rseve, figs.
21 B. and C.

50 Seychelles [36£, 22|], Andamans [24, 18], Mauritius, Maldives,
Singapore, Ceylon, Nicobars ; coll. F. Stoliczka, J. Wood-Mason, and G. Nevill,
Esqrs.

A small form, with distended, slightly patulous aperture, T
take to be the male ?

6 Kingsmill Island [Pacific 0.] j coll. H. Pease, Esq.

subvar. punctata.

Philippi, I. c.fig. 5, Philippines and Singapore; ? = var. articulata,
1. c.fig. 4, Philippines, tfc.

12 Bombay, Seychelles, Ceylon, Andamans, and Mauritius; coll. G

Nevill, Esq.

1 China ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.
3 Manila ; coll. H. Hungerfurd, Esq.

K

146 LITTORINID^S.

subvar. lutea.

Philippi, 1. c., fig. 11 [not 6~], Plilippines, and Canton ;=var. suturalis, Phi*
livpi, 1. c.Jig. 10 [not 7']; = var. rubra, Philippi, I. c. for Chemnitz*
Jig. 2075, Canton and Philippines.

3 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

1 Katchall, Nicobars ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

All young, indifferent specimens ; they may not be L. scabra
at all.

subvar. temiis, nov.
12 Arakan ; coll. H. P. Blanford, Esq.

Remarkably thin, spire rather short, last whorl ventricose,
with keel not much developed, aperture unusually large ;
occasionally has some varices behind the peristome.

Long. 31, diam. 22 mil.

42. Litter in a intermedia.

Littorina intermedia, Philippi, Proc. Zool, Soc., 1845, and Abb., pi. Yt
Jigs. 6—9 [not 8 to 11~\ ; Red Sea, Natal, Australia, Philippines, Tahiti,
Elizabeth Island, and Mergui ; Reeve, Jig. 101 [" type "] ; Madagascar,
Jide Martens ; Suez, fide Me Andrew.

6 Navigators' Islands and Kingsmill Group ; coll. H. Pease, Esq., and

Dr. C. E. Tonnerre.

100 Andamans, Nicobars and Maldives [26|, Vl\ !], Ceylon, Kathiawar,
Singapore, Arakan, and Fenang; coll. F. Stoliczka, J. Wood-Mason,
G. Nevill, and F. Fedden, Esqrs., and ex c. Asiatic Soc. Bengal.

2

4

VJ» -1-* C VIJUj CtJJ.ll J- • J- ^U.U.Cllj X^OV-|li?.j I*MU tA. \j» J

Cape; ex c. G. Nevill> Esq. [in bad condition].
Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

var. strigata.

Littorina intermedia, var. strigata, Philippi, Abb. pi. V, Jigs. 7-9, Mergui
[not L. strigata, Lischke~\.

12 Nagasaki ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. [13i 8fJ.

Only differs from the Indian Ocean form by the columella
being throughout stained of a dull purple colour, instead of
being white with a brown edging.

LITTORINnXE. 147

100 Port Canning, Penang, Singapore, Rangoon, Amherst and Akyab ;
coll. H. F. Blunford, J. Dodgson, F. Stoliezka, and G. Nevill, Ksqrs.

Some marked male and some female by Dr. Stoliezka. I
can see no difference !

15 Bombay ; coll. Rev. Fairbank, and W. T. Blanford, Esq.
6 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

These last a slightly different form.

var. sinensis.

Littdrina sinensis, Philippi, Abb, II, 1847, pi. VI, fig. 23, China ; subvar. =
L. strigata, Lischke, Nov. Conch. Sup. Ill, 1870, Nagasaki, lung. 9£
diam. 6 mil.

3 Hongkong; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. [8|, 5f].
10 Aumungkang [Formosa] ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

The L. [MelarapJie] Uanfordi, Dunker, Malac. Blat., 1871,
Rockhampton, long. 12, diam. 8 mil., is apparently a close
ally?

43. Littorina arboricola.

Littorina arboricola, Beeve, Icon., fig. 27, 1857, Singapore.

20 Andamans ; toll. Colonel E. S. Berkeley, and F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

A smaller form than the type, somewhat approaching some
varieties of Littorina conica, Phil., and equally variably and
prettily coloured ; the spiral sculpture rather less developed.

5 Singapore;. coll. Dr. F. Stoliezka.

I am very loath to adopt this species as distinct ; the differ-
ences from L. scabra are evident at a glance ; L. pallescens,
Phil, and L. philippiana, Reeve, are the nearest I know ; the
more convex whorls, thinner substance, absence of keel at
the periphery, and the rather peculiarly " excavately appressed "
columella seem, however, characteristic ! In size and color-
ation all five of the above resemble the type.

Long. 18J, diam. llf mil.

148

var. philippiana.

Littorina philippiana, Eeeve, Iconica, Jig. 22, Philippines ; also fig.- 21 A
(" L. scabra.")

4 Manila; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.
Long. 19, diam. 11 mil.

Of uniform yellow coloration, resembling Reeve, fig. 21 A,
but sculpture more distinct.

2 Port Curtis ; coll. Dr. J. C. Cox.

A rather larger form than the preceding, long. 24, diam. 15,
of equally thin texture. Fischer records L. philippiana from
New Caledonia.

44. Littorina pallescens.

Littorina pallescens, Philippi, P. Zool. 8., 1845, Philippines ; ? var. = L.
sieboldii, Philippi, 1845, from Japan; var. = L. scabra, Reeve (pars)
and L. intermedia, Phil. (pars).

5 Kingsmill Group; coll. H. Pease, Esq.

One only of these five has the four raised keels, the others
closely resemble the Singapore specimens, also Reeve's fig. 21 A,
and Philippi, pi. V, figs. 10-11.

5 Navigators' Islands [Pacific] ; ex c. Asiatic Soc., Bengal.

? var. erronea.

Philippi, pi. V, figs. 10-11, as L. intermedia, var. ; Eeeve,fig. 21 A as L.
scabra, var.

4 Singapore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka [28J, 16].

Mr. H. F. Blanford also possesses a fine series of this form ;
the sculpture is variable, sometimes as in the figures quoted,
but oftener more developed, much as in Reeve's fig. 22.

45. Littorina filosa.

Littorina filosa, Sowerby, Genera of Shells, 1820-4, "8. America"; var. =
L. cingulata, Philippi, P. Zool. 8., 1845, N. Australia; subv.?-L.
sulculosa, Philippi, I. c., N. Australia.

1 Tahiti; ex c. Mus. Godeffroy.
The exact image of Sowerby 's type figure !

LTTTORINTDJ!. 149

var. subcingulata, nov.

Distinguished from L. scabra and all its allies by the rounded
thin columella which is not in the least thickened or appressed ;
the coloration is much as in L. scabra var. pimctata, Phil. ;
the spiral ribbing more numerous and less raised than in
typical L. filosa.

Long. 17, diam. 10 mil.

5 Port JacVson ; ox c. Dr. J. C. Cox and British Museum.
Sent by both as L. scabra.

46. Littorina conica.

Littorina conica, Philippi, P. Zool. £, 1845, Mergui (Burma) and Java,
and Abb. pi. VI, fig. 1 — 2 ; fide Reeve from Japan [? erron.].

2 Port Canning j coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. (17f , 11).

Agree exactly with original figures ; Mr. H. F. Blanford
also possesses four, probably typical (?) specimens from Tenas-
serim [Mergui ?].

var. delicatula, nov.

30 Port Canning and False Point (Bengal) ; coll. Colonel G. B. Main -
waring, G. Nevill, Esq., and Dr. F. Stoliczka.

Perhaps the most beautiful marine shell, when living, that
I have ever seen. The colours fade terribly after death ; it is
most difficult to get perfect specimens and it appears to be
remarkably local. The variety can be distinguished by its
extreme fragility, by the much less developed peripheral keel,
less obsolete sculpture, and especially by the more rounded
columellar margin at base; it varies wonderfully in colour,
from a beautiful rose to the typical straw colour, oftentimes
marbled or striped. I had separated the above from the
following specimens as a distinct sub- variety, when I found two
tubes in Dr. Stoliczka's collection, marked " $ and $ " ; that
marked ? contained six of the preceding and one of the fol-
lowing specimens [the last probably inserted erroneously ?] ;
the other tube marked $ contained eight, all of the following form.

150 LITTORINID^}.

Here perhaps is an explanation of some of the differences
in allied forms ? Can, for instance, my Singapore specimens
catalogued as L. pallescens var. erronea, and those as L. arbori-
cola var. pJiilippiana, be the different sexes of one species ?

Long. 16, diam. 9130- mil. [Generally a little smaller.]

The differences from the typical form are probably due to
my var. delicatula living in slightly brackish water ? Reeve's
L. tennis from the Philippines seems to be an allied form ?

20 Port Canning and False Point ; coll. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring,
Dr. F. Stoliczka, J. Wood-Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

Of equally fragile texture, but easily distinguished from the
female form by the less produced spire, even less developed
keel at periphery, and especially by the conspicuously distended
aperture and rounded columellar margin at base ; several speci-
mens have one or two varices behind the peristome, which is
occasionally " subduplex." The coloration is, if possible,
even more beautiful and variable ! Long. 14, diam. 8^ mil.
Gibbons, Q. J. Con. 1878, p. 339, states that specimens of Lit.
intermedia and angulifera become less solid as the water in
which they live is less salt ; I am not sure that this applies to
the form under consideration as immediately associated with
my var. delicatula, may be found normally solid Lit. inter-
media and the very thick-shelled Lit. melanostoma.

var. sub intermedia, nov.
10 Port Canning and False Point; coll. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring.

Long. 15J, diam. 9 mil.

Most remarkable and interesting specimens, combining many
of the characters of L. intermedia, Phil., with those of L.
conica. Can they be a hybrid race ?

The above are what I take to be the ? form.

8 Port Canning ; coll. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring.
These are doubtless males.

47. Littorina albicans.

Littorina albicans, Metcalfe, P. Zool. 8., 1852, ftorneo.
3 Loc. ? ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

LITTOBINIDJB. 151

Agree well with Reeve's fig. 44, only the characteristic suba-
cute spiral striation is much more distinct.

48. Littorina melanostoma.

Littorina melanostoma, Gray, Seechey's Toy. 1839, p. 140, Indian, Ocean ;
Seychelles, fide Mis.; Java, Mergui, and Ceylon, fide Phil. ; Singapore and
Borneo, fide Reeve.

10 Port Canning; coll. Dr. F. Stolizka (marked " $").
5 Port Canning ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka (mai ked " $ ").

I can trace no difference whatever, except it be that the
female form seems a little larger.

20 Port Canning, Akyab, False Point, Masulipatam, and Amherst ;
coll. J. Wood-Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs., and Colonel G. B.
Mainwaring.

var. articulata.

5 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.
Long. 12, diam. 6 J mil.

A small form, with, articulate brown spots, instead of more
or less undulating longitudinal stripes, sent me as only found
in one spot, and rare there.

49. Littorina carinifera.

Phasianella carinif era, Menke, Syn. 11,1830, Hal. ?;fide Philippi, from Java,
China, Philippines and = L* perdix, King, 1881 ; fide Reeve, from
Borneo, fyc.

24 Andamans and Nicobars ; coll. F. Stoliczka and J. Wood-Mason, Esqrs.
12 Bombay and Arakan; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbankand H. F. Blanford,

Esq.

subvar. pyramidalis.

4 Bombay and Java (?) j coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank and ex c. Madras
Museum.

var. Isevior.

Long. 16, diam. 10 \ mil.
12 Penang and Singapore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

152 LITTORINIDJJ.

50. Littorina ventricosa.

Littorina ventricosa, Philippi, Alib. Ill, pi. VI, fig. 19, 1851, Penang ; var.
=L. subgranosa, Frauenfeld, \_pars~\ ; var. ?=L. granularis, Gray.

1 Bombay [10$, 7f] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
4 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hunger ford, Esq.

50 Arak-an, Andamans and Penang ; coll. R. Hungerford, F. Stoliczka,
R. C. Temple, and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

Philippi's figure is unmistakeable, whereas Reeve's, fig. 93, is
very indifferent. The sculpture is very variable, occasionally
unusually developed. Mr. Smith, P. Zool., S. 1878, appears
to consider this Andaman form as L. ventricosa and compares
it with his L. melanacrne and L. novae-zelandice.

var. subgranosa.

MelarapTie subgranosa, von Frauenfeld, Novara- Reise, pi. I, Jig. 10 [not
A. B ] from Madras ; ?=L. granularis, Gray, Beechey's Voy., 1839,
N. Australia and of Reeve, fig. 68.

6 Andamans ; coll. Captain R. C. Temple.

7 Irawady Delta j coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
1 Galle Harbour ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

Long. 9, diam. [vix] 8 mil. This form, exactly represented
by Frauenfeld' s fig. c., of coarser sculpture than the type, is un-
doubtedly only a var. of L. ventricosa; if it prove to be Gray's
species, as I expect it will, this latter name will have priority.
The specimen, from the same province of Ceylon as the next
form, L. nova-zelandice, has induced me to believe the latter
a distinct species ? I can perceive, however, no difference
except that of sculpture, and the shorter, more ventricose form
of L. ventricosa and its var. subgranularis, both characters very
variable in this species.

51. Littorina erronea, n. sp.

Littorina novse-zelandia3, Reeve, 1857, N. Zealand.
10 Balapiti, Ceylon j coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
Long. 13, diam. lOf mil.

I am convinced this species was never found in New Zealand.
Prof. F. W. Button in 1878 records that he had never seen
specimens. As to the localities of Reeve and von Frauenfeld

153

[Auckland], they are utterly without value in my eyes ; the
latter's specimens probably came from Madras ? The above
recorded specimens are a constantly much smoother form than
L. ventricosa, with even less marked coloration and distinctly
more produced spire in all cases, though this last is a variable
character in both species. E. A. Smith describes a closely
allied, but more compressed form, from the Solomon Islands,
as L. melanacme, P. Linn. Soc. XII, 1876, pi. XXX, fig. 21 ;
this may be the L. novce-z eland ice of Eischer from New Cale-
donia ?

52. Littorina reticulata.

Littorina reticulata, Anton, Verz. Conch., p. 53, Hal. ? and Philinpi, Abb.
pi. IV, fig. 12; ?=L. granocostata, Reeve, 1857, fig. 79, Brisbane;
Mascarene Islands, fide Martens.

7 Praslin Islands, Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

I took this distinct little species alive at one spot on Praslin,
and never saw it elsewhere from these seas, unless the Andaman
specimens, quoted below, should prove to belong to it. My
specimens agree exactly with Reeve's figure and description.

Long. 7, diam. 5 mil.

53. Littorina millegrana.

Littorina millegrana, Philippi, Abb. Ill, 1850, pi. VII, fig. 15, Red Sea;
Suez, fide McAndrew.

5 Mesliek [Persian Gulf] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

Not in a satisfactory condition,
2 Aden ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [8J, 6f ].

var. cinerea.

Littorina cinerea, Pease, Amer. Journ. Conch. 7F, 1870, pi. VIII, fig. 14,
Marquesas ; alt. 7, diam. 5% mil.

10 Balapiti, Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

These agree exactly with Pease's above-quoted figure, the
spire is relatively higher than in Philippi's figure ; the
species is a connecting link with the Sub-Genus Tectarius ;
H. and A. Adams indeed considered it a species of that Genus.

154 LITTORINnX®.

Long. lOf , diam. 8| mil.

2 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [7f, 5],

3 Tahiti ; ex Mus. Godeffroy.

10 Andamans; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.

Unfortunately these last are not quite adult ; apparently the
sculpture of this species at the Andamans is most variable.
Some have the characteristic, longitudinal, undulating furrows
of L. granocostata.

54. Littorina miliaris.

Littorina niiliaris, Quoy, 1832, pi. 33, figs. 16-19, " He de I' Ascension"
[Pacific'], long. 6$, diam. 4 mil.; ? var.=Lit. nodosa, Gray, Beechey'g
Voy. 1839, N. coast of Australia [not PMippi, pi. Ill, figs. 6-7 ?] ;
?=Lit. exigua, DunJcer, Fauna Japonica , 1861, pi. II, fig. 3 ; ? worn
var.=L. leucosticta, Philippi, pi. Ill, fig. 12, Locality ? ; ? var.=
Lit. subnodosa, Philippi, Red Sea.

2 Madagascar ; coll. J. Caldwell, Esq.

3 Nagasaki ; coll. R. Hnngerford, Esq.
12 Hongkong; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

Long. 10, diam. 8 mil. Very variable as regards sculpture,
sometimes only spirally striate, occasionally more or less dis-
tinctly granulose ; it can always be easily distinguished from
L. ventricosa, which lives with it, by being always angulate at the
base of the aperture, instead of rounded. It is a larger, coarser
variety than the Ceylon form, and may be specifically distinct ;
it can be easily distinguished by the more regular spiral sculp-
ture and its sombre coloration, wanting the characteristic
black and white " filleted " bands [as seen also in Philippi's fig.
of L. leucosticta] ; it is as much like Philippi's figure of L.
subnodosa as that he gives of L. nodosa, Gray. Reeve's
fig. 13 of L. nodosa fairly represents some of the Hongkong
specimens.

var. fljiensis.

Littorina fijiensis, Seeve, Icon. 1857; emend. Martens in Donwm, Sism.
as L. vitiensis.
2 Tahiti; coll. H. Pease, Esq. [sent as " L. fijieusis "].

Undoubtedly, I think, not specifically separable from the pre-
cedino-. It can scarcely be the L. vitewsts of Dunker, Malacu
Blat. 1871, Fiji Isl., long. 10, diam. 7 mil. ?

LITTORINIDJ3. 155

var. subgranosa.

Littorina subgranosa, von Frauenfeld [pars'], Novara Eeise, pi. I, Jig. 10 A
and B {not C], Madras.

8 Galle ; ex c. Asiatic Soc., Bengal.

Agree with Philippi's PI. Ill, fig. 11.
40 Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

The largest specimen measures, long. 11, diam. 7| mil.

20 Akyab and Irawady Delta ; coll. W. T. BLmford, Esq., and Dr. F.
Stoliczka.

These agree well with the above-quoted figs. A and B. of v.
Frauenfeld.

2 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

These last are a small form ; they can scarcely be the L.
subnodosa of Philippi, McAndrew, &c., said to be from the Bed
Sea?

Sub-Genus TECTUS, Montfort.

Con. Syst. II, 1810, type Turbo pagodus, Lin. ; = Pagodus, Gray, Beeckey's
Toy. 1839, type T. pagodus, Lin. ; = Pagodella, Swainson, 1840, type
P. major, Marty n, fig. 1541-2 ; fide Morch, Malac. Blat. 1876=*Echi-
nella, Swainson.

There is a Tectus montrouzieri, Fischer, 1878, from N". Cale-
donia, the generic classification of which, however, seems to me
very doubtful ; it possesses a distinct tooth on the columellar
margin. Issel has figured a Tectaria armata from the Grulf of
Suez.

55. Littorina (Tectus) pagodus.

Turbo pagodus, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. X, 1758, p. 762, O. asiatico ; Zanzibar,
fide Cuming [?], N. Ireland, fide Quoy, Amboina,fide RumpUus.

3 Torres Straits ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq., and Dr. Cox.

56. Littorina (Tectus) muricata.

Turbo muricatus, Linnceus, Syst. Nat. X, 1758, Jamaica.

12 Florida Keys and Gulf of Mexico; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns and J.

Lea, Esq. [As. Soc., Beng.]
8 S. Domingo; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.

156 LITTORINIDJJ.

57. Littorina (Tectus) pyramidalis.

Littorina pyramidalis, Quoy, Toy. Astrol., 1832, pi. XXXIII, figs. 12, 15,
N. Zealand.

4 Australia ; ex c. Asiatic Soc., Bengal (coll. Strange).
6 Port Jackson ; coll. Dr. J. C. Cox.

var. viliS.

Littorina vilis, MenJce, Phil. All., pi. II, fig. 21, 1847, Hab. ?; Reeve, fig. 12,
from N. Zealand.

Unfortunately one or two of Dr. Stoliczka's cabinet-trays
had got mixed before they came under my charge.

5 Nukabiva [?] ; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka [13, 9].

58. Littorina (Tectus) tuberculata.

Littorina tuberculata, Menke, Syn. Ed. I, 1826 ; = L. trochiformis,
" Dillwyn", Phil. Abb., pi. II, fig. 12.

2 Guadaloupe ; coll. Prof. W. Newcorab.

59. Littorina (Tectus) dilatata.

Littorina dilatata, d'Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, 1841 ; fide March, ? var. of L.
tuberculata.

2 Cuba; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.
This seems to me only a variety of the preceding.

60. Littorina (Tectus) armata.

Tectaria armata, Issel, Malac. Mar Rosso, 1869, Suez.

4 Gwadar and Henjam (Persian Gulf) ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

61. Littorina (Tectus) trochoides.

Littorina trocboides, Gray, Seechey's Voy., 1839 (N. Australia?); L.
malaccana, Phil. Abb., pi. VI, fig. 17, 1851, Penang ; ?=L. natalensis,
Krauss, Philippi, pi. Ill, fig. 4, Natal.

12 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

100 Andamans, Aden, Persian Gulf, Annesley Bay, Arakan, Bombny,
Madras, Ceylon, and Bombay; coll. W. T. Blanford, F. Stoliczka,
and G. Kevill, Esqrs.
4 Marquesas; coll. H. Pease, Esq. (as " L. trochoides").

LITTORINID^]. 157

These last agree well with Indian Ocean specimens ; they
measure — long. 12|, diam. 8 mil. ; the sculpture oftentimes
becomes subobsolete, and the length of the spire varies in
specimens from the same locality.

Sub-Genus ECHINELLA, Swainson.
Treat. Malac., 1840, type E. coronaria, Lamarck.

62. Littorina (Echinella) cumingi.

Trochus cumingi, Philippi, P. Zool. S., 1845, Guimaras (erron. ?).
3 Roratonga ; coll. H. Pease, Esq.

63. Littorina (Echinella) coronaria [?]

Monodonta coronaria, Lamarck, Hist., 1822, Hab. ? ; Lord Hood's Island,
fide Owning ; Hervey Island, in Cat. Mus. Godejfroy.

5 Roratonga ; coll. H. Pease, Esq., and Asiatic Soc., Bengal.

These all agree best with Philippi's figures 2 and 6 of PL II,
said to be L. bullata, Martyn, from N. Zealand [=L. papillosa,
Lam.] ; I preserve as above, however, the name under which
they were sent me by Mr. Pease ; from von Marten's remarks in
the Donum Bism., the distinctiveness of the two forms appears
to be very doubtful. Philippi gives as localities for L. bullata
Zanzibar and Swan Point [Australia].

Genus LIMN 0 TROCHUS, E. A. Smith.
Ann. Mag. 1880, type L. IcirJci, Smith.

E. A. Smith describes the operculum of Limn, thomsoni
as" horny, paucispiral and littorinoid. "

1. Limnotrochus kirkii.

Liinnotrochus kirkii, S. A. Smith, Ann. Mag., 1880, Lake Tanganyika.

I Lake Tanganyika [typical] ; ex Mr. Damon.

Genus PLESIOTKOCHUS, Fischer.
J. de C., 1878, type P. sourerbianu.*, Fischer [Loyalty /.].

158 LITTORINID^l.

Very probably belongs to the Litiopince, near Alaba, Diala,

1. Plesiotrochus, n. sp.

An interesting form of this very distinct new Genus Avhich
I have for several years intended to descrioe. The whorls are
characteristically concave.

10 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

1 Andamaus; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

2. Plesiotrochus [?] n. sp.

2 Persian Gulf ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

Sub-family FOSSABIN^, Stoliczka.
Genus RISELLA, Gray.

Syn. Brit. Jtlus. 1840, type Trochus melanostoma, Gm. ; = Be>nbictum,
Philippi, Zeits. Malac. Ill, 1845.

1. Rlsella plana.

Trochus plana, Quoy, Voy. Astrol. 1832, " Port Western," Bass's Strait. ;
=Littorina australis, Gray, Beechey's Voy. 1839; var.=R. grisea,
Phil., Zeits. Mai. 1851, Hab. ?

7 Australia; ex c. Asiat. Soe., Bengal [coll. Strange].
4 South Australia ; ex c. British Museum and Miss Pelly.

Agree with figure, in Conch. Cab. II, of R. grisea, Phil.

var.

1 Port Mackay ; ex Mus. Godeffroy [as " var. B., Crosse "].
30 Port Jackson ; coll. Dr. J. C. Cox and G. Nevill, Esq.

2. Risella imbricata.

Littorina imbricata, Gray, Beechey's Voy., 1839 [sine Hab.] ; = Risella
Jcielmannseggi, Frauenfeld, 1866, N. Zealand.

1 Australia; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

LITTOEINIDJ1. 159

3. Bisella nan a.

Trochus nana, Lamarck, Hist. 1822, Australia ; = Bembicium pictum, Phil.
Zeits. Mai., 1846, Van Dieman's Land, fide Phil. = R. nana Quoy
[not Lam.'].

4 Tasmania ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

4. Bisella lutea.

Trochus luteus, Quoy, Voy.Astrol.1832, " Port du Hoi- George "-, =Trochus
cicatrosus, Jonas, Phil. Abb. 1843, Port Western.

The Rev. Tenison- Woods considers this species as a sexual
variety of B. plana.

30 Pt. Jackson and Moreton Bay ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

Sub-Genus PEASIELLA, nov.
Type, Trochus tantillus, Gould.

E. A. Smith in the Journal, Linnsean Soc., XII, 1876, p. 552,
describes the operculum of R. tantilla as " truly appertaining "
to the Family Trochidfs, being concentric and multispiral,
but that for other reasons he considers it should be located with
the Genus Eisella.

A species from the Loyalty Islands has been described by
Montrouzier, J. de C., 1879, as " Echinella gaidei, long. 3|,
diam. 4^ mil." ; apparently this must be a close ally of the
Andaman form. I have named this new group in honour of
the late Harper Pease, Esq. ; it is easily distinguished by the
perforate or umbilicate base, &c.

5. Bisella [Peasiella] tantillus.

Trochus tantillus, Gould, P. Bost., 8. Ill, 1849, Sandwich Islands.

20 Sandwich Islands; coll. H. Pease, Esq., Dr. H. Dohrn, and Prof.
W. Newcomb.

var. parvula.

Eisella parvula, Dunker, Cat. Mus. Godef. IV, 1869, Samoa.
1 Samoa; ex Mus. Godeffroy.

160 LITTORtNIOE.

Judging from this single specimen, a very distinct small
form. Sub-tuberculate above, striate [instead of sulcate]
below. Perhaps the form described by Smith, 1. c., as found by
Brazier at the Marshall Islands.

var. [? dist. sp.].

Long. 3, diam. 2| mil. Differs from the Arakan form of
J2. isseli by the still narrower perforation, more convex base,
with more regular and more numerous spiral sulcations.

8 Cherboniane Reef ; coll. Dr. J, Armstrong.

2 Mauritius ; ex c. Dr. F. Stolizcka [in bad condition ; identification

doubtful].

var. subinfracostata [? dist. sp.].

Probably distinct; the specimens have their opercula, but
are perhaps not quite adult ? Descr. de 1'Egypte, PL V, fig. 40,
gives a good idea of them. It is perhaps rather a var. of that
species, It. infracostata. Issel ?

3 Nicobar Islands ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

6. Risella [Peasiella] conoidalis.

Trochus conoidalis, Pease, Amer. Journ. Conch. Ill, 1867, Paumotus ; alt. 5,
diam. 4 mil.

3 Paumotus [typical] j coll. H. Pease, Esq.

7. Kisella [Peasiella] infracostata.

Risella infracostata, Issel, Malac. Mar Rosso, 1864, Suez and Desc. de
VEgypte, pi. V, fig. 40.

6 Massaua ; coll. Prof. A. Issel.

Sent me as " Troch. sismondce, Iss.", probably a lapsus
calami ? I am inclined to believe it can only be separated from
the following as a variety ; my Aden specimens seem a fairly
intermediate form.

8. Bisella [Peasiella] isseli.

Risella isseli, Semper, Issel, Malac. Mar Rosso, 1S64, Suez and Z^inzi-
lar; Descr. de VEgypte, pi. V,fig. 35.

161

3 Muscat ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

7 Red Sea ; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn.

5 Roweiah and Aden j coll. J. B. Baxter and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

An intermediate form, as to sculpture, between the two
figures in Descr. de 1'Egypte.

9. Kisella [Peasiella] roepstorffiana, n. sp.
20 Arakan ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

Uniform yellow coloration throughout ; very small umbili-
cus ; nearly smooth above, never subimbricate at the sutures,
only very rarely slightly undulately " waved " at the periphery.

10 Andamaus ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.
Alt. 2|, diam. 3| mil.

10 Mergui ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.
5 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

" Lives on rocks, about high-water mark ! " The narrow
umbilicus resembles that of Bed Sea specimens. Two of
them possess a basal dark zone, as in jB. templiana var. nigro-
fasciata. Not subimbricate.

10. Eisella [Peasiella] templiana, n. sp.

Exceedingly variable in coloration and sculpture ; seems,
however, to be constantly distinguished from the preceding-
forms by its considerably more open umbilicus, constantly stained
of a rich chesnut ; the columella seems to be more distinctly
thickened and is of the same colour ; the form I take for my type
is evenly, spirally striate above, striation more or less obsolete
on the apical two or three whorls ; aperture of a uniform saffron
yellow within ; no subimbrication, or peculiar sculpture of any
sort, at the suture ; three or four deeply excavated spiral sulca-
tions at base. Long. 3|, diam. 4 mil.

12 Andamans [type] ; coll. Capt. R. C. Temple,
var. nigrofasciata.

The interior of the aperture shows two dark-brown bands,
one quite close to the suture, the other quite at its base ; a
rather broad, dark-coloured band also round the base, just below

162 LITTORINnXE.

the suture ; undulately " waved " or subimbricate at the suture,
as in Descr. de 1'Egypte, PI. V, fig. 35, which indeed gives
perhaps a better idea of this Andaman species than of the
Red Sea form ; intermediate forms will probably occur to
connect the two ?

4 Andamans ; coll. Capt. R. C. Temple.

var. subimbricata.

With the uniform yellowish coloration of the typical form
and the peculiar subimbricate sculpture at the sutures and
periphery of the preceding variety.

6 Andamans ; coll. Capt. R. C. Temple.
11. Risella [Peasiella], n. sp.

1 Muscat j coll. W. T. Blanf ord, Esq.

A very small form, with peculiar, perfectly flattened spire ;
below the acute periphery there is a deep and broad sulcation,
the rest of the base appearing smooth, though under the lens
a minute striation can be detected. The umbilical perforation
is very small.

Genus PHAKETA, H. Adams.
P. Zool. 8. 1870, type P. everetti, H. Adams [Siniwar Rv., Borneo].

The correct classification of this Genus appears to be still very
doubtful. Phaneta is not as yet represented in the Museum.

Genus FOSSAE, Gray.

Syn. J3rit. Mus. 1840, type Helix ambigua, Lin. ;=Fossarus, Philippi,
1841 ; sect.= Clathrella, Hecltiz, J. de C., XII, 1864, types Foss.
costatus, Srocchi, and Foss. minutus, Michaud.

A. Adams figured a Fossar licarinatus in the P. Z. S. for
1853 from the Red Sea ; he describes the operculum as " horny,
oval and subspiral."

l, Fossar ambiguus.

Helix anibigua, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. 1758, Mediterranean ;=" le Fossar,''
Adanson, 1757, Senegal ;=Fossarus adansonii, Eecluz [? not of Phil. ,]

LITTORINID.E.

163

6 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams "].

8 Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

4 Andamans [juv.] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq., and Captain R. C. Temple.

This is, I believe, one of the very few mollusks common to
the European and Indian Seas ; I cannot separate the two
forms even as varieties ! A. Adams records F. costatus,
Brocchi, from the Mediterranean and China Seas ; but F.
ambiguus from Senegal only.

2. Possar tornatilis.

Fossarus tornatilis, Gould, P. Bost. S. 1859, Hongkong, at lOfths. — axis 5,
diam. 4 mil. ;=F. stolizfcanus, Nevill, J. As. Soc. Bengal, 1871,
Ceylon, and Bombay, long. 4%, diam. 3f mil. ;=F. japonicus, A.
Adams, Ann. Mag. 1861.

1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams" as " F. japonicus"].

5 Bombay | typical F. stoliczJcanns~\ ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbauk.
1 Gwadar [with operculum) ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

14 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

Fide A. Adams, P. Z. S. 1863, should be Nerita costata, Broc.,
a European species. Fischer, J. de C., 1864, separates the
two forms. My brother also possesses the species from Ceylon.

3. Possar trochlearis.

Fossar trochlearis, A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1853, p. 187, Philippines ; from
Japan and Pegu, op. cit., 1863 ; fide McArthur, Suez.

1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Aiams"].

40 Andamans, Arakan, Muscat, Bombay and Ceylon j coll. F.
Stoliczka, W. T. Blanford, J. Wood-Masou, and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

Lives on large oyster shells !
1 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

4. [?] Possar, n. sp.

1 Arakan ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

Very likely a species of Vanikoro ; unfortunately it is in
very bad condition. It bears some resemblance to F. reticu-
latus, but is covered with very peculiar tubercles, &c., &c.

164 LITTORJNIDJ:.

5. Fossar, n. sp.
1 Annesley Bay j coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

Two prominent raised keels on the last whorl, with minute,
very characteristic, spiral stria tion in the interstices, &c.,
narrowly rimate only.

6. Fossar, sp.

1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon (coll. A. Adams).
Labelled " F. bicarinatus, A. Adams"

This specimen, with three keels on .the last whorl, seems to me
not adult ; it is certainly not F. bicarinatus, A. Ad., P. Zool. S.
1853, Bed Sea, which A. Adams does not record in his List
of the Fossaridce, P. Z. S. 1863, probably because the Red Sea
species is a Separatista, and not a Fossar at all.

7. [?] Fossar, n. sp.

3 Mauritius ; coll. Gr. Nevill, Esq.
In very bad condition ; perhaps a sp. of Conradia ?

var. (? dist. sp.)
1 Annesley Bay j coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

Also in very bad condition.

8. Fossar fenestratus.

Fosaar fenestratus, A. Adams, P. Zool. S., 1863, Osima (Japan).

1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon (coll. A. Adams — Long, 3T\j, diam. 3£ mil.)
1 Penang ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

Agrees exactly with the preceding specimen.

9. Fossar garretti [?].

Fossar garrettii, Pease, Amer. Journ., Conch. IV., 1868, for " Adeorlis
costata", Garrctt, P. Calif. Acad. 1857, p. 103 (Polynesia, Pease).

1 Loc. ? ; ex Mr. Damon.

LITTORINID^. 165

Sent as F. sandwichensis. Possibly it may be F.
costatus, Pease, P. Zool. S. 1860, from the Sandwich Islands ?
Long. 3f , diam. 4 mil.

10. Fossar, sp.

1 Locality ? ; ex o. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring.

11. Fossar, n. sp.

1 Bombay ; coll. Eev. S. B.Fairbank.

Long. 3J, diam. 2 mil. Like the preceding, but with raised
spiral striation, instead of incised lines ; close to F. trochlearis,
but umbilicus less open and denned, sculpture finer, &c.

12. Fossar mirabilis, n. sp.

2 Arakan (type) ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
Long. 1J, diam. [vix.] 1J mil.

A most remarkable form of rather thin substance, of two
whorls only ; spire not raised at all, completely hidden in front
by the last whorl, which in shape resembles that of F. torna-
tilis, it is girt with five acute and raised spiral keels, there
being no transverse sculpture whatever ; umbilical region well
defined ; peristome fimbriate.

13. (?) Fossar imperforatus, n. sp.

1 Penang (type) ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

Long. 3f , diam. 2J mil.

Whorls 2J, spire scarcely raised, apex obtusely flattened ;
longitudinally, flexuously, distantly ribbed ; ribs more or less
obsolete, and towards the base, closely and coarsely spirally
striated ; impcrforate, of rather solid texture. Can scarcely be
a sp. of VaniJcoro.

14. Fossar, sp ?

2 Andamans ; coll. Captain R. C. Temple.

15. Fossar, sp ?

3 Hongkong ; coll. B. Hungerf ord, Esq.

166 LITTOEINIDJl.

A form allied to, but distinct from, F. fenestratus, A.
Adams.

Sub-genus COUTHOUYIA, A. Adams.
Ann. Mag., I860, type C. decussata, A. Adams.

A fossil species of Couthouyia is the Lacuna disjunda,
Rainc. and Munier, 1863.

16. Possar [Couthouyia] reticulatus.

Fossar reticulatus, A, Adams, P. Zool. 1853, p. 186, Singapore, p. XX, fig.
13; from Japan, op. cit.1863; =F. insignis, G. $ H. Nevill, J. As. Soc.
Seng., 1871, Ceylon, long. 6\, diam. 5 mil.

The two nuclear whorls are smooth, and the other four more
or less coarsely reticulate in this species.

12 Hongkong; coll. E. Hungerford, Esq. ["at 10 fths."].

var. persoluta.

1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams ; labelled " C. reticulata"].

The last whorl is considerably less ventricose and more
" solute" than in the original figure of the Singapore type !
Long. 5J, diam. 3 mil.

var. delicatula.

2 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank.

Bather smaller and of thinner texture ; umbilicus a little
less defined ; apparently, one or two fewer of the spiral ribs.

17. Possar [Couthouyia] striatulus.

Couthouyia striatula, A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1863, ToluJco [Japan], 25 fths.

1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. AdarnS — Long. 2|, diam. 1$ mil.]
1 Arakan ; coll. Dr. Stoliczka.

18. Possar [Couthouyia] decussatus.
Couthouyia decussata, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. 1860, Mino-Sima.

1 Japan; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams].
Long 2J, diam. 1 mil.

LITTORINID2B. 167

19.Fossar [Couthonyia] pliciferus.

Couthouyia plicifera, A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1863, YobuJco (Japan).

1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams].

Long. 2, diam. 1 mil.

20. Fossar [Couthouyia] appressus, n. sp.

2 Larek and Tumb Island (Persian Gulf) j coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

A most beautiful and distinct form : long. 3, diam. 2 mil.
Five whorls, the two nuclear ones smooth, the others minutely
reticulate; a very prominent and characteristic raised keel
below the suture of the last two whorls ; the shell is unusually
thick, the outer margin of the aperture patulously distended
and reflected ; the umbilical region widely but shallowly ex-
cavated, bordered with a raised keel.

21. Fossar [Couthouyia] styliferinus, n. sp.

Three nucleolar apical whorls, smooth and very remarkable,
resembling somewhat those of StyUfer ; the other two whorls
somewhat distantly spirally striate ; last whorl very large and
ventricose in proportion, umbilicus large, well defined.

Long. 3, diam. 2 mil.

1 Singapore (type) ; coll. C. J. Irving, Esq.
I found this specimen on a sp. of Malleus.

1 Bombay ; .coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbauk.

var. [ ? dist. sp].
3 Singapore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka (perhaps not quite adult ?)

22. Fossar [Couthouyia] solutus, n. sp.

Five whorls, apical two smooth, the others somewhat coarsely
spirally striate ; spire peculiarly attenuately pointed, pyramid-
ical [not convex] ; last whorl contracted, thoroughly " solute"
below. Long, [vix] 3, diam. [vix] 2 mil.

1 Gwadar (Persian Gulf) ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

168 LITTORINTDjE.

23. Possar [Couthouyia] subreticulatus, n. sp.

4 Tumb Island, Gwadar [type] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
3 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Eairbank.

Resembling F. reticulatus, but with less developed umbilicus,
fewer spiral ribs, &c ; three smooth nuclear whorls and three
others cylindrically pyramidical, the last one only being
ventricose.

Long. 3J, diam. [vix] 2 mil.

Genus CONRADIA, A. Adams.
Ann., Mag. V, I860, p. 409, type C. cingulifera, A. Adams.

A.Adams also described a C. tornata, P. Z. S. 1863, from
Gotto. There is a fossil species described as Turbo bayani,
Bez. [1870].

1. Conradia cingulifera.

Conradia cingulifera, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. F. 1860, Mino- Sima at 63 fths.

1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams].
Long. 3|, diam. 3 mil.

2. Conradia clathrata.

Conradia clathrata, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. V. 1860, Kotea Straits at 63
fths. ; = Fossarus adamsianus, Fischer, J. de C., XII, 1864, p. 259 (as it is
not the Fossarus clathratus, Philippi).

1 Japan : ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams],
Long. 2J, diam, 2J mil.

3. Conradia pulchella.

Conradia pulchella, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. 1861, Tsu-Sima at 16 fths. and
Gotto at 48 fths.

1 Japan; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams],
Long. If, diam. If mil.

LITTORTNID^!. 169

4. Conradia stoliczkiana, n. sp.

30 Singapore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
Long. 2J, diam. 2 J mil.

Of the usual " turbinate" shape, consisting of four whorls ; the
apical two are smooth, the third has two prominent raised spiral
keels, coarsely, nodosely reticulated ; the last whorl convexly
ventricose, with eight spiral keels, nodosely granulated and with
the interstices longitudinally striate ; umbilicus more open
than in the Japan species, peristome slightly fimbriate. Dr.
Hungerford has dredged a closely allied form at Hongkong.

5. Conradia adamsiana, n. sp.

1 Oman, Persian Gulf [type] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
Long. 1, diam, 1 mil.

Turbinate, of 3J whorls, the apical ones smooth, the last but
one with two raised spiral keels, the last with five. I can detect
no longitudinal striation whatever, the interstices consequently
appear to be quite smooth ; behind the peristome, which does
not appear to be fimbriate, there are two conspicuous, thickened
labial " varices"; the umbilicus open, much as in the preceding.
Altogether a very distinct though so minute a form ! The Red
Sea specimen, which though also in good condition is probably
scarcely adult, agrees exactly with the [type, except in want-
ing the characteristic "labial varices" and in that the peris-
tome is distinctly fimbriate ; it also shows no signs (under the
lens) of any longitudinal or reticulate sculpture. Named
in honour of the late Mr. Henry Adams.

1 Annesley Bayj coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

6. Conradia doliaris.

Conradia doliaris, A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1863, Mososeki at 7fths.

2 Japan (typical) ; ex c. H. Adams, Esq.
Long. 3, diam. 2-^ mil.

1 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

var. minor, nov.

2 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank.

2 Tumb Isl., Persian G. ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

170 LITTOR.INIDJE.

Long. 2J, diam. 1J mil.

After a long and careful examination under a lens, I can
detect no difference whatever from the typical form, except its
smaller size, possibly the last whorl is less ventricose and the
aperture a trifle less everted ; sculpture precisely similar.

Sub-Genus GOTTOINA, A. Adams.
P. Zool. 8. 1863, types &. sulcifera and pyrgula, A. Adams.

7. Conradia [Gottoina] pyrgula.

Gottoina pyrgula, A. Adams, P. Zool. 8. 1863, G-otto, at 4Sfth».
1 Japan ; ex c. H. Adams, Esq.

Long. 2J, diam. 1 mil.

Not impossibly a Rissoid, near Alvania ?

8. Conradia [Gottoina], n. sp.
1 Galle; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq.

? Genus RAULINIA, Mayer.
J. de C., 1864, type Tornatella alligata, Desk, (upper tertiary foss.)

Eaulinia ladia, Tenison- Woods, P. Linn. Soc., N. S. W., Port
Jackson (recent), is said to belong to this genus ? M. Mayer
also believes that Littorina monodonta, Desh. (chalk foss.), be-
longs here.

Not represented in the Museum.

[?] Genus CITHNA, A. Adams.

P. Zool. S. 1863t types C. globosa, and C. spirata, A. Ad., as a Sub-genus of
Conradia.

l. Cithna globosa [?].

Cithna globosa, A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1863, Seto- Uchi, %c.
I Japan ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

LITTORINIDJ3. 171

Labelled " G. spiralis, A. Adams "; it cannot possibly be G.
spirata, but agrees fairly with, the description of C» glolosa.

Long. 1, diam. 1 mil.

2. [?] Cithna, sp.

1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon (coll. A. Adams).

Labelled " Cithna omphalotropis, A. Ad/' A very doubtful
little form. Perhaps a Rissoid, or Jeffrey sia ?

3. [?] Cithna, sp.

1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon (coll. A. Adams).

Labelled " Cithna sinensis, A. Ad." The same applies to
this ; it might also be a Styliferina ?

4. [?] Cithna, sp.

1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon (coll. A. Adams).
Labelled " Cithna consobrina, A. Ad." Probably a Rissoid ?

Grenus ISAPIS, H. and A. Adams.
Gen. Moll. 1, 1864, type Narica anomala, C. B. Adams {Jamaica).

A. Adams has also described Isapis lirata [1860] and Isapis
conoidea [1863] from Japan, and considers Narica ovoidea,
Gould, and Isapis maculosa of Carpenter, both from Mazaltan,
as also belonging to this section.

Genus FOSSABINA, Adams and Angas.
P. Zool. S. 1863, type F. patula, Adams and Angas.

l. Fossarina variegata.

Fossarina variegata, A. Adams (ubil).

1 Japan (?) ; ex Mr. Damon (ex c. A. Adams).

2. Fossarina patula.

patula, A. Adams and .
stones."

1 Australia (?) ; ex Mr. Damon (ex c. A. Adams).

Fossarina patula, A. Adams and Angas, P. Zool. 8. 1863, Port Jackson,
" under stones."

172 LITTORINIDJl.

3. Fossarina picta.

Fossarina picta, A. Adams, P. Zool. S., 1867, Japan, diam. 3, alt. 2\ mil.
2 Japan; ex Mr. Damon (ex c. A. Adams).

4. Possarina varia.

Adeorbis varia, F. W. Hutton, Cat. Moll., New Zealand, 1873, Stewart's and
Chatham Islands.

6 Chatham Islands ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

Sab-family LACUNIN^J, Stoliczka,
Genus CREMNOCONCHUS, W. T. Blanford.

Ann. Mag., 1869, type C. syhadrensis, Blf., for Cremnobates, Blf., op. cit.
1863 [not of QuntTier, 1861'].

1. Cremnoconchus conicus.

Cremnoconchus conicus, W. T. Blanford, J. Asiat. Soc., Bengal, 1870,
Torna.

12 Torna, near Poonaj coll. Kev. S. B. Fairbank, and W. T. Blanford,
Esq.

var. canaliculata.

C. syTiadrensis, var. canaliculatus, W. T. Blanford, I. c., Torna.

7 Near Poona ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank, and W. T. Blanford, Esq.

var. edecollata.

12 Near Poona ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank.

I think it quite possible Stoliczka was correct, Proc. Asiat.
Soc., Bengal, 1871, in 'uniting this species to the next as a
variety only ?

2. Cremnoconchus carinatus.

Auculotus carinatus, Layard, P. Zool. S. 1854, Mahabaleshuoar ; fide StoliczJca
[1871} var.=C. conicus, Blf.; Blanford, J. A. S. B., 1870, pi. Ill,
fig. 5, long. 7k, diam. 5 mil.

16 Mahabaleshwar; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank, and W. T. Blanford, Esq.

LITTORINIDJE.

var. gigantea.

3 Bombay Presidency ; coll. Eev. S. B. Fairbank.

3. Cremnoconchus syhadrensis.

Cremnobates syhadrensis, W. T. Blanford, Ann. Mag., 1863, W. Ghats,
[Bombay Pres.~] at 2,000ft.

30 Khandala, Poona, &c. [Western Ghats] ; coll. Rev. 8. B. Fairbank,
and W. T. Blanford, Esq.

Genus STENOTIS, A. Adams.
Ann. Mag., 1863, type S. laxata, A. Adams.

Issel has figured a Stenotis formosus from the Red Sea [sub-
fossil] .

1. Stenotis laxata.

Stenotis laxata, A. Adams, Ann. Mag., 1863, Japan, at 14ftfa.
1 Japan j ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams],

2. Stenotis [?] n. sp.

1 Bombay; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank.

3. Stenotis ? sp. ?

15 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

Genus LACUNA, Turton.

Type, Turbo puteolus, Turton, Zool. Journ. Ill, 1827 ; sect.=Epheriat
Velain, Faune St. Paul, 1880, type L. heberti, Velain.

A. Adams has described a Lacuna carinifera from Borneo
P. Zool. S. 1851.

l. Lacuna puteola.

Turbo puteolus, Turton, Conch. Diet. 1819, England ; fide" Jeffrey* =
Cochlea parva, DaCosta, 1798, Helix fasciata, J. Adams, 1799, Helix
lacuna, Mtg. and Lacuna montacuti, Turton, Zool. Journ. Ill, 1827,
Sfc. i fide Jeffreys var. = Turbo auricularis, Mtg., 1805, and vars.
conica, lactea, clausa and expansa [=" JL. puteola typical"].

4 North France j coll. Miss Beaufort.

174 LITTORINID^E.

2. Lacuna pallidula.

Cochlea pallidula, DaCosta, Brit. Conch. 1778 ; fide Jeffreys var. albescens
and var. patula, Thorpe, Brit. Mar. Conch. 1844.

2 England ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

var. neritoidea, Gould.

Lacuna neritoidea, Gould, Invert. Mass. 1841, " Chelsea Beach"

3 Maine [United States] ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle.

var. patula.
Lacuna patula, Thorpe, Brit. Mar. Conch. 1844.

1 Falniouth ; ex " Linnsea."

3. Lacuna divaricata.

Trochus divaricatus, Fabricius, Fauna Greenland, 1780 [not Trochus
divaricatus of Lin.'] ; —Turbo vinctus, Mtg. 1805 ; fide Jeffreys, var.
gracilior, Metcalfe.

4 England; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

2 Prince Edward's Island ; coll. A. Nevill, Esq.

var. solidula.

Lacuna divaricata, var. solidula, Lo'ven.
1 Greenland ; ex " Linnaea."

var. quadrifasciata.

Turbo quadrifasciatus, Montagu, Test. Brit. Sup. 1805.
1 Long Island, United States ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle.

var. can alls.

Turbo canalis, Montagu, Test. Brit. 1805.
1 England ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

4. Lacuna crassior.
Turbo crassior, Montagu, Test. Brit. 1805.

175

2 Loc. ? ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.
1 Devonshire ; ex " Linnsea."

5. Lacuna variegata.

Lacuna variegata, Carpenter, Ann. Mag. XIV, 1864, p. 428, Neeah Bay,
Vancouver District,

12 Monterey [California] ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

6. Lacuna unifasciata.

Lacuna unifasciata, Carpenter.

20 Monterey ; coll. Profs. W. Newcomb and E. C. Stearns.

Genus MODULUS, Gray.
Syn. Brit. Mus. 1849, type Trochus tectum, Gmelin.

1. Modulus lividus.

Trochus lividus, Philippi, Zeits. Hal. VI, 1849, p. 168, Nab. ?
6 Panama; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

2. Modulus cerodes.

Modulus cerodes, A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1850, Mozambique.
4 Gulf of California ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

3. Modulus floridanus.

Modulus floridanus, Conrad, Amer. J. Conch. V, 1870, Florida.
8 Florida ; coll. Profs. E. C. Stearns and W. Newcomb.

Sent as M. cancellatus, Lamarck, a species unknown to
me and not recorded by Morch, Malak. Blat. 1876, who seems
to confirm Conrad's name.

3 Pine Key, Gulf of Mexico j coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

4. Modulus modulus.

Trochus modulus, Linnaus, Syst. Nat. X, 1758, Sab. ? = Trochus lenti-
cularis, Chemnitz, 1781.

5 West Indies; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb, and J. Wood-Mason, Esq.

176 LITTORINID^

var. filosa.
Trochus filosus, Helbling, Privatg. Bohmen IV, 1779 (fide Mo'rch, 1876).

Morch does not record the following important locality.
2 Florida ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

5. Modulus unidens.

Trochilus unidens, Listeri, Chemn., Conch. Cab. I, Vol. X, p. 290, 1788 ;=
Monodonta carchedonicus, Lam. 1822, Mab. ? ; fide Mo'rch ^=Trochus
perlatus, Dillwyn, also Wood (not of Gmelin), and var. minor=
Monodonta angulata, C. B. Adams, P. Host. S. 1845, Jamaica.

7 Panama and Gulf of Fonseca; coll. Profs. E. C. Stearns and
W. Newcomb.

6. Modulus disculus.

Trochus disculus, PUlippi, Z&its. MalaTc.\1846, Mazatlan.

var. [fide Newcomb].

20 Gulf of California; coll. Profs. E. C. Stearns and W. Newcomb.

.7. Modulus obtusatus.

Trocbus obtusalus, PUlippi, Conch. Cab. II, 1846, Lov. ?, for Chemnitz,
fly. 1569—70.

7 Mauritius and Ceylonj coll. G. Nevill, Esq.,

Despite the highly valued opinion of von Martens, I consider
this a distinct species.

1 Eodriguez ; coll. J. Caldwell, Esq.
A doubtful specimen ; in very bad condition.

8. Modulus tectum.

Trocbus tectum, Gmelin, Syst. Lin. 1788, West Indies ; from Madagascar,
Natal, Bed Sea, Bourbon, fide v. Martens ; fide Petit = Monodonttt
retusa, Bruguiere = Modulus cidaris, Reeve.

7 Mauritius and Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

3 Natal ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

3 Trincomalee (?) j ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

LITTORINID^E. 177

9. Modulus Candidas.

Modulus Candidas, Petit, J. de C., IV, 1853, Pacific Ocean [?]; fide
Me Andrew, Sandwich I. and Suez.

4 Andamans ; coll. Capt. E. C. Temple, and J. Wood-Mason, Esq.
6 Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

Though undoubtedly very close to the preceding, I have seen
no intermediate specimens ; the former I have not seen from
the Mascarene Province nor the latter from the Andamans.

4 N. Caledonia j ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

10. Modulus obliquus [?].

Modulus obliquus,, A. Adams, Ann. Mag., VIII, 1851, Red Sea.
1 Adenj coll. Dr. F. Stolcizka.

In such bad condition as to be scarcely recognizable. It
looks like a rather distinct form Y

7. Family PLANAXIDJE, H. 8r A. Adams.

Subfamily LITIOPIN^J, Gray.

Genus LITIOPA, Rang.

Ann. Sci. Nat. XVI, 1829, p. 803, type L. melanostoma, Rang; fide
A. Adams = Bombycinus, Belanger and Lesson.

1. Litiopa bombax.
? L. maculata, Rang, 1. o. 1829, Atlantic Ocean.

5 Atlantic, on sea-weed ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

3 Bahamas ; ex c. C. F. Ancey & P. Bouvier, Esqrs. (as " L. bombgx,
Rang").

M

178 PLA.NAXID.E.

2. Litiopa n. sp.

10 Off the S. E. coast of Arabia ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
Spine very acutely produced.

3. Litiopa ventrosa [?].

Litiopa ventrosa, A. Adams, Ann. Mag., VIII, 1861, Indian Ocean.
10 Oman & Gwadar (Persian Gulf; ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

var. minor (? dist. sp.)
4 Gwadar; coll. W. T. Blanfoid, Esq.

Genus STYLIFERINA, A. Adams.

Ann. Mag., VI, 1860, types S. orthochila, A. Ad., and S. goniochila ; emend.
I. c. 1862, as subgenus of Alaba.

1. Styliferina savignyi.

Litiopa savignyi, Issel, Malao. Mar. Rosso, 1869, Suez — long. 3, diam. 1%
mil. ; Descr. de VZgypte, pi. Ill, fig. 19 [male'].

2 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

2 Aden & Muscat ; coll. Dr. P. Stoliczka, and W. T. Blanford, Esq.
4 Suez [typical] ; coll. Prof. A. Issel.

2. Styliferina goniochila.

Styliferina goniochila, A. Adams, Ann. Mag., VI, 1860, and VIII, 1862,
•Tap an.

1 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
30 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

3 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon (coll A. Adams).

2 Seychelles & Andamans ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

var. (? dist, sp.)
1 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

Shorter spire, less ovately elongate last whorl, which appears
to be almost subangulate.

PLANAXID2E. 179

3. Styliferina [?] sp. [?]

1 Singapore ; coll. Dr. P. Stoliczka.
Of very doubtful generic determination.

4. Styliferina sp. ?

3 Audamans ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
Whorls subangulate.

5. Styliferina sp. ?

3 Andamans j coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

Whorls convexly rounded.

1 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

var. (? dist. sp.)

2 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

The last whorl conspicuously more produced.

6. Styliferina ? sp.

2 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
Found together in an empty oyster shell on the shore.

7. Styliferina ? sp.

7 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

Genus DIAL A, A. Adams.

A.nn Mag., VIII, 1861, type D. varia, A. Ad.; 8>nith. P. Zool S., 18', 5,
p. 538.

There are also D. tenuis and simplex, Smith, 1875, from
Japan ; D. succincta, A. Adams, from Suez ; and D. suturalis,
Philippines and from the Suez.

1. Diala sulcifera.

Diala sulcifera, A. Adams, Ann. Mag., X, 1862, Japan.

180 PLANAXIDJ:.

Long, 2T^, diam. £ mil.

2 Japan j ex Mr. Damon (coll. A. Adams).

6 Hongkong; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.
12 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fair bank.
20 Persian Gulf; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

2. Diala lauta.

Diala lauta, A. Adams, Ann. Mag., X., 1862, Adelaide.

1 Loc. ? ; ex Mr. Damon (coll. A. Adams).
1 Loc. ? ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

3. Diala macula.

Alaba macula, Secluz, fide Schwartz, in litt. and— A. semistriata, Philippi,
Zeits. Mai., 1849, p. 34, Aden and Descr. de V Egypte, t>L III;=D.
varia, A. Adams, Ann. Mag., VIII, 1861, China and Japan (Suez, fide
McAndrew).

3 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon (coll. A. Adams).

50 Mauritius, Natal, Andamans, Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
30 Suez, Aden, Annesley Bay and Persian Gulf; coll. W. T. Blan-
ford, Esq.

50 Bombay, Arakan, Nicobars ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
8 Roweiah, Red Sea, and Galle ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq.

4 Hongkong; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

The figure in the Descr. de 1'Egypte agrees better with the
Japanese specimens and Adams' description of D. leucosticta
than with the Mauritian form.

4. Diala n. sp.

20 Nicobars ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

5. Diala sp.?

4 Kathiawar; coll. F. Fedden, Esq.

6. Diala sp.

2 Arakan ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

7. Diala (?) sp.

1 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank.

PLANAXIDJ!. 181

8. Diala sp.

3 Mauritius and Singapore ; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

9. Diala sp.

2 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
Of a brilliant uniform green coloration.

• 10. Diala marmorea.

Diala marmorea, Carpenter.

10 Monterey, California; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

Genus A LAB A, 3. and A. Adams.

Gen. Moll I, 1854, type A. melanura, C. B. Adams ; Smith, P. Zool. S.
1875, p. 538 ; fide A. Adams = Tuleria, Carpenter.

A. Adams described A. lucida and A. imbricata, both from
Japan and Suez ; the latter is rather a sp. of Diala, fide Smith.

1. Alaba felina [?]

Alaba felina, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. X, 2862, Japan.

1 Japan; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams; labelled " A. felina"'].
I very much doubt the correctness of this identification.

2. Alaba leucosticta.

Diala leucosticta, A. Adams, Ann. Mag., VIII, 1861, Shantung and Loshan-
kow.

Long. 6, diam. 3 mil.
1 China ? ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams] .

3. Alaba melanura.

Rissoa melanura, C. S. Adams, Contr. Conch. 1850, p. 116, Jamaica,

1 Loc. ? ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams].
12 W. Indies ; ex c. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.

182 PLANAXIDJ3.

4. Alaba sp.

1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams j labelled " A. subulata, A.
Ad."].

5. Alaba subangulata.

Alaba subangulata, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. X, 1862, Tsu-Sima at 16fths.

Long. 6f , diam. 3 mil.

•
1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams].

6. Alaba woodmasoniana, n. sp.
5 Andamans ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

One of the most interesting species yet discovered, something
like the preceding.

var. [? dist. sp.]

1 Andamans ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.
3 Andamaus; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

7. Alaba cornea [?]

Diala cornea, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. 1861, nil, Hulu-Shan Bay, Sfe.

1 China [?] ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams].
This identification seems to me very doubtful.

8. Alaba picta.

Diala picta, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VIII, 1861, Shantung, $c.
Long. 5|, diam. 2J mil.

2 China ; ex c. H. Adams, Esq.

2 China [?] j ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams],

The original^description is very bad.

PLANAXIDJ1. 183

9. Alaba n. sp.

3 Balapiti, Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
One of the most beautiful species I know.

var. [? dist. sp.]
1 Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

• 10. Alaba blanfordi.

Alaba blanfordi, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. X, 1862, " Siam [?], coll. W. T. B".

20 Cape Negrais, Arakan [typical] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

1 Loc. ? ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams].

40 Bombay, Coromandel, Puri, and Andamans ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka,
H. F. Blanford and H. Raban, Esqrs.

var.

9 Hongkong [at 6 Fths.] ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.
Scarcely separable even as a variety.

11. Alaba n. sp.

10 Akyab; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka,
In very bad condition.

12. Alaba dories.

Alaba dorise, Issel [ubi ?].

5 Suez; coll. Prof. Issel [sent as "A. dorioe, Issel"].
12 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

The latter in bad condition, apparently two species confused.

13. Alaba sp.

6 Port Natal ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

A fine large form, near A. blanfordi, unfortunately in bad
condition.

184 PLANAXIDJE.

14. Alaba sp.

3 Tawila [Persian Gulf] j coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

15. Alaba zebrina [?]

Diala zebrina, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VIII, 1861, Japan, also Philippines.

1 Singapore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

? var. [? dist. sp.]

2 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

It is just possible these may prove to be worn specimens
of the form previously noted as A. blanfordi, var., though I think
they are distinct ; unfortunately, they are in bad condition.

Genus PL AN AXIS, Lamarck.

Hist. Anim. s. Vert. VII, 1822, type PL sulcatus, Born; sect.=Hinea,
Leach ms., Gray, P. Zool. S. 1845, type PL mollis, Sow.

A. Adams, P. Z. S., 1851, described a PL zonatus from the
Philippines, and a PL cingulata from China.

l. Planaxis sulcatus.

Buccinum sulcatum, Born, Test. Mus. Vindob, 1780 ; =Pl. buccinoides,
Desh. ; = Buc. pyramidale, Gmelin ; —PL undulata, Lam. ; fide Mar~
tens, from Madagascar and Seychelles, Sfc., as PL pyramidalis [" scarce-
ly separable from, W. Indian PL sulcatus "] ; Japan, fide Lischke.

100 Ceylon [27|, 18], Singapore, Andamans [29, 20|], Penang, Arakan,
Bombay and Mauritius; coll. W. T. Blanford, F. Stoliczka, J.
Wood-Mason, and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

2 N. Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.
12 Hongkong ; coll. B. Hungerford, Esq.

subvar. contracta.

2 Ceylon; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

subvar. nana.

6 Vizagapatam ; ex c. Madras Museum.

3 Australia [?] ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

PLANAXIDJ). 185

subvar. rugosolirata.

3 North Australia ; ex c. British Museum.

I cannot accept PI. undulatus, Lamarck, even as a variety, be-
cause some individuals in the same "hand-full" are of this, while
others are of the ordinary coloration. It is interesting to find
this species at Bombay, adjoining the habitat of the next form.

2. Planaxis savignyi.

•

Planaxis savignyi, Deshayes, Mag. Zool. 1844, pi. 109, Tted Sea and Mada-
gascar, long. 22, diam. 8 mil. ; fide Issel, PI. griseum, Srocchi, Cat.
Conch. G. Form, 1822, G. of Suez.

50 Persian Gulf ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

A trifle smoother and more ventricose than in the typical
figures ; the spots are often undulately confluent, as in the pre-
ceding species. Long. 21, diam. 16 mil.

6 Suez ; ex c. Asiatic Soc. Bengal.
Agree exactly with Savigny's figure.

20 Massaua and Annesley Bay ; coll. Prof. A. Issel, and W. T. Blanford,
Esq.

A smaller and shorter- spired form closely resembling the
Arakan variety in shape. McAndrew records both PI. griseus
and PI. savignyi as distinct species, both as frequent at Suez !

var. subnigra.

12 Hormuz and Muscat, Persian Gulf ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
20 Aden ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [mostly young].
2 Kathiawar ; coll. P. Fedden, Esq.

var. encaustica.

Planaxis encausticus, Smith, Ann. Mag. IX, 1872, Arakan, long. 20, diam. 12
mil.

10 Arakan [typical] j coll. W. Theobald, Esq.

186 PLANAXHXE.

If Mr. Smith had been able to examine as many specimens
as I have, he would have found that none of the characters he
relies on are constant ; e. g., it is not smoother than many of
the Persian Gulf specimens ; the sulci are of exactly the same
width ; and the coloration recorded is not constant. Curiously
the typical coloration is also exactly represented by typical
Persian PL breviculus. The " basal canal " likewise is often,
if not generally, entirely like that of its allies !

The habitat is very interesting, being the only one known
East of the Bay of Bengal : it is particularly important to find
the species actually living with PI. sulcatus. The fig. of PI.
encausticus in the Con. Iconica is very fair, but fig. 30, a " PI.
savignyi," has the last whorl less tumid than is usually the

3. Planaxis breviculus.

Planaxis breviculus, Deshayes, Mag. Zool. 1844, Hab. ?, long. 21, diam. 15
mil. ; Suez, "frequent," fide McAndrew.

4 Persian Gulf; colL W. T. Blanford, Esq. [19, 13J].

Coloration close to that of the original figure, also to that
of the Arakanese PI. savignyi, var. encaustica. PL breviculus
is scarcely more than a well-marked variety of PL savignyi ?
The darker-coloured aperture, however, with obsolete liration,
seems to be characteristic.

var. tessellata, nov.

PL breviculus, var., Smith, Ann. Mag. IX, 1872, Persian Gulf.

20 Persian Gulf; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [long. 20, diam. 14],

Both these and the preceding have a more acuminate spire
than in the figure of Deshayes. The figure in Con. Iconica
seems to me different again ; possibly it represents PI. brevis,
Quoy, as Sowerby quotes the latter's localities — " Guam and N.
Guinea" — for the figure in question.

4. Planaxis planicostatus.

Planaxis planicostatus, Sowerby, App. Tankerv. Cat. 1825, Gallapagos I. ;
fide Smith=Buc. planaxis, Wood ; =Pl. canaliculata, Duval, Rev.
Zool Cuv. 1840 ; =Pl. circinata, Lesson, Rev. Zool. Cuv. 1842, " Aca-
pulcoO-020."

5 Panama -, ex c. Prof. E. C. Stearns and Asiatic Soc. Bengal [28, 16].

PLANAXID2E.
Agree with Con. Iconica, PL IV, fig. 26.

subvar. minor.
10 Panama; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb [16i 91].

subvar. brevispira.
15 Panama; ex c. Prof. E. C. Stearns, &c. [201, 13].

5. Planaxis nigritellus.

Planaxis nigritellus, Forbes, P. Zool. S. 1850, Straits of S. Juan del Fuaco ;
=PZ. acutus, MenJce, Zeits. Hal. 1850 [not of Krauss~\.

6 Gulf of California ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

The last whorl and aperture are, proportionately, considerably
less elongate than in the figure given by Forbes.

6. Planaxis lineolatus.

Planaxis lineolatus, Gould, P. Host. S. Ill, 1849, Wilson's Island ; var. =
PI. strigatus, Sow., Conch. Icon. 1878 [as of Hanley, ms. Pacific] ;
Tahiti and Samoa, fide Qraffe ; Bourbon, fide Deshayes.

7 Paumotu ; coll. H. Pease, Esq.

Two of these are dark-coloured and many-striped ; four white,
with three narrow bands on last whorl ; one uniform white !
Long. 9, diam. 5 mil.

3 New Caledonia : ex. c. P. Bouvier, Esq. [8i, 4].
3 Mauritius ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

In very bad condition ; identification therefore questionable.

var. producta.

Smooth throughout ; many banded ; aperture rather large,
" subpatulous."

1 Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. (4|, 2i).

1 Aden ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka (6, 3).
15 Cherboniane Reef; coll. Dr. Armstrong.
20 Andamans ; coll. J. Wood-Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs,

188 PLANAXID2E.

More attenuately produced and less distinctly angulate
than the preceding specimens. Long. 5 — 4f , diam. 2f mil. It is
possibly the Planaxis succinctus of Me Andrew from Suez ?
Through the kindness of Colonel Godwin- Austen, I have had the
advantage of Mr, Edgar Smith's opinion of one of the Cher-
boniane Beef specimens — he considers it as Planaxis lineolatus,
Gld.

7. Planaxis ineptus.

Planaxis inepta, Qould, P. Bost. 8. VII, 1860, Kikaia Say—" axis 4, diam.
2-5 mil. "

12 Cherboniane Reef, Arakan; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
12 Ceylon; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

Long. 8, diam. 4J, another 4f, 2J mil. ; more or less sulcate,
last whorl always more or less angulate ; aperture contracted
and not " subpatulous " as in PL lineolatus ; very variable in size
as will be seen from the above measurements, generally striped
as in the figure of the Conch. Iconica of PL zonatus^ A. Adams,
[Philippines ; smooth], sometimes only one, sometimes many
banded. It may be an extreme var. of PI. lineolatus, Gld. ?
My identification has been confirmed by Mr. Edgar Smith,
of the British Museum.

var. persulcatula.

1 Ceylon; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

Perhaps an abnormal dwarf ? Long. 4, diam. 2, mil,

var. virgata.

Planaxis virgatus, Smith, Ann. Mag. IX, 1872.

50 Andamans and Arakan ; coll. Captain R. C. Temple, W. T. Blanford
and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

Long. 5 mil. Mr. Smith has identified one of these specimens
as his PI. virgatus.

8. Planaxis eboreus.

Planaxis eboreus. Smith, Ann. Mag. IX, 1872, W. Indies.

2 W. Indies ; ex c. J. Wood- Mason, Esq.

PLANAXID^J. 189

9. Planaxis lineatus.

Buccinum lineatum, DaCosta, Brit. Conch., 1776, West Indies ; = Sue .
pediculare, Lam. and Kiener,

30 West Indies; ex c. J. Wood-Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

var. succinct a.

Planaxis succinctus, A. Adams, P. Zool. S.t 1851, Peru and the W , Indies ;
Suez, fide Me Andrew.

16 Guadaloupe ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq.

12 West Indies; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

10. Planaxis labiosus.

Planaxis labiosus, A. Ad., P. Zool. 8. 1851, Sandwich Islands ; Don. Sism.
pi. II, fig. 12; = PL btonni, DunTcer, Mai. SI. 1862, Austr. Ocean, long.
12, diam. 6 mil.

15 Sandwich Islands; coll. H. Pease, Esq. [as "PL labiosus'] and Prof.
W. Newcomb [11, 6i].

var. plumbea.

Planaxis plumbeus, Pease, P.. Zool. S. 1861, Sandwich Islands.

4> Sandwich Islands [typical of PL plumbeus ; 13, F. !;]; coll. H. Pease,
Esq.

var. striatula.

Planaxis striatulus, Philippi, Zeits. Mai. 1851 ; Don. Sism. pi. II, Jiff. 11.
5 Loc. ? ; ex c. British Museum [as " PL striatulus, Phil."]

I presume these have been correctly identified by Mr. Smith
as Philippi's species ? However that may be, these specimens
are certainly only a slight variety of PL labiosus, distinguished
by slightly smaller size — long. 10, diam. 5| — more contracted
aperture, &c. Probably Philippi has priority ? ; von Martens
seems to consider the two species as scarcely separable, comp.
L)on. Bism., p. 42.

11. Planaxis suturalis.

Manaxis suturalis, Smith, Ann. Mag, IX, 1872, China Seas.

20 Ceylon and Andamans ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq., and Colonel E. I. Berke-
ley [anfr. 7, long. 5, diam., 2£J.

190

PLANAXID^J.

12. Planaxis ater.

Planaxis ater,§ Pease, Amer. Journ. Conch. F, 1868, Marquesas —long. 8,
diam. 4£ mil. [not PL ater of the Con. lcon.~] ; = PI. hanleyi, Smith, Ann.
Mag. XII, 1872, Sandwich Islands, long. 12, diam. 5% mil.

1 Viti ; ex Mus. Godeffroy.
Agrees excellently with original figure, &c.

13. Planaxis atropurpureus.

Planaxis atropurpureus, Recluz, Rev. Zool. Cuv. 1843, p. 261, South Seas—
anfr. 5 to 6— long. 7, diam. 4 mil. ; ? = PI. albersi, Dkr., Nov. Conch.
Sup. II, pi. II, Jig, 35—37, W. Africa.

2 Paumotu ; ex Mus. Godeffroy.

Sent as " PL brevis, Quoy" [Guam and N. Guinea], which
is, however, quite different. It is like a dwarf PL abbreviatus.]
Long. 5, diam. 3 mil. ; anfr. 3.

14. Planaxis semisuloatus.

Planaxis semisulcatus, Sowerly, Genera Shells, I, 1824, Hab. ? ; = Purpura
nucleus, Lam. VII, 1822, {not Buc. nucleus, Brug. 1789, from Mada-
gascar].

12 W. Indies, exc. Prof W. Newcomb.

1 St. Thomas; ex c. Colonel Godwin-Austen.

15. Planaxis acutus.

Planaxis acutus, Krauss, Siid — Afrik. Moll. 1848, Natal, long. 6, diam. 3%
lin. ; var. =Pl. similis, Smith, Ann. Mag. XII, 1872, Sandwich Islands,
long. 11\, diam. 5% mil.

The figures 11 and 12 of the Con. Iconica, " PI. similis and PL
hanleyi, Smith," both resemble more closely the original figure
of Krauss than does fig. 9, *' PL acutus ". I consider Smith's
PL similis doubtfully separable even as a variety. The species
varies much in size, and tendency to subangulation at the peri-
phery. PL ater, Pease, is scarcely more than a geographical race
or variety.

13 Ceylon j coll. G. Nevill, Esq., [largest specimen— 12i, 74].
10 Mauritius and Bourbon; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

1 Andamans [ ? ] ; coll. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

PLANAXID2E. 191

Possibly may have got mixed ; it was amongst a lot of PL
nicobaricus ?

var. similis.

Planaxis similis, Smith, Ann. Mag., XII, 1S72, Sandwich Island— long. ll\t
diam. 5k mil.

6 Bombay ; coll. Kev. S. B. Fairbank.

Very variable ; sometimes attains a relatively large size — viz.t
long. 16|, diam. 9 mil.

16. Planaxis nicobaricus.

Planaxis nicobaricus, von Frauenfeld, Moll. Novara Exp. 1866, Kicobars —
long. 12, diam. 8 mil., anfr. 6 ; Con. Iconica, Jig. 13, as PI. niger [not
PI. niger, Quoy].

Prof, von Martens, Zool. Eecord for 1866, p. 182, says of
this species — " Most closely allied to PI. nucleus [Bnig.] and
P. ovatus [Krauss]."

There seems to be considerable confusion about this form.
Sowerby figures it excellently as above, but confused it with a
species of Quoy's not half its size, and consisting of four whorls
only. Von Frauenfeld's description and figure do not at all
well represent the species. I imagine they were taken from a
dead and worn specimen, in bad condition.

Whorls either six or seven, the upper ones perfectly smooth and
of lighter colour, the last two under the lens obsoletely striate,
the last of all so much as to be almost smooth, except for an
incised infrasutural girdle, and some five or six broad sulcations
quite at the base. A good characteristic is the unusually sharp
pointed apex. The shell varies from a rich chocolate colour to
black and is covered with a rather thick, compact, lighter
coloured epidermis. The aperture is remarkably expanded or
" patulous," of a uniform rich brown colour, not margined at
peristome, dent icu I at ions within so fine as to be often almost
imperceptible even with a lens.

Long. 12 to 14, diam. 7 to 7J mil.

3 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

15 Andamans and Nicobars; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff and Dr. F.
Stoliczka.

192 PLANAXUXE.

These are of a rich brown colour and consist of seven whorls ;
spire more acuminate than in the next form.

7 Mare, Loyalty Islands ; ex c. F. Layard, Esq.

It was, I suspect, one of the specimens from this locality, out
of Mr. Hanley's collection, that was figured by Sowerby in the
Con. Iconica ? They are almost quite black, of six whorls ; two
have a peculiarly shortened spire and may belong to a distinct

Long. 12, diam. 7 mil.
1 Camorta, Nicobars ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

Long. 10, diam. 5J mil.

Quite black, of six whorls ; exactly resembles Sowerby 's
fig. 13.

17. Planaxis niger.

Planaxis niger, Quoy, Voy. de I' Astrolabe, 1832, New Ireland, anfr. 4 —
long. 4, diam. 2 lin., " spire , courte, obtuse, corrodee, 3 — 4 stries a la
base" ; = P. abbreviates, Pease, P. Zool. S., 1865, Central Pacific—
long. 10, diam. 6 mil.

It would almost seem as if the description and figures of
Quoy applied to two distinct species, the former undoubtedly
referring to this species and the latter resembling more closely
the preceding (except the line denoting natural size, which
refers to the former) ?

5 Tahiti; coll. H. Pease (typical PI. abbreviatus) and ex Mus. Godeffroy.
1 Arakan ; coll. K. Hungerford, Esq.

Long. 8 j, diam. 5 mil.

Spire short, obtuse, and corroded ; four whorls, 3 — 4 sulca-
tions at base of the last whorl ; jet black, with aperture much as
in preceding specimens, denticulations being almost obsolete, but
a good deal more developed than in Tahiti specimens, which
also have the last whorl more tumid ; tooth above columella
remarkably developed in this specimen, much as in fig. 12 of
Con. Iconica.

PLANAXIMJ.

193

18. Planaxis mollis.

Planaxis mollis, Sowerby, Genera Shells, I, fig. 2, 1824, Bab.1 ; = Buccinum
brasilianum, Lam. Hist., VII, 1822 [misnomer'] ; = Buccinum Icevigatum,
Wood, Ind. Test. Sup. 1828 ; fide Smith var. = PL fulva, A. Adams,
P. Zool. S. 1851, p. 271, Swan River; var. = P. pigra, Forbes, P. Zool.
8. 1850, Pitcairn Island.

9 Port Jackson, &c.; coll. Dr. J. C. Cox and ex c. Asiatic Soc. Bengal.
3 Australia; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

Genus QUOYIA, Deshayes.

Enc. Meth. II, 1830 [sine descr.~\ type Planaxis decollata, Qttoy, and of
Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus., 1840 ; = Fissilabria, Brown, Edinb. Journ. N. H.
1836 ; = Quoya, Deshayes, Enc. Meth., Ill, 1843 j = Leucostoma, Swain-
son, Treat. Malac., 1840.

1. Quoyia decollata.

Planaxis decollata, Quay, Voy. Astrolabe, 1832, New Guinea; Caroline
Islands fide v. Martens, New Caledonia, fide Fischer, and Yap, fide
Schmeltz.

1 Moluccas; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn.

1 Caroline I. ; ex c. C. F. Ancey, Esq.

Genus HOLCOSTOMA, H. and A. Adams.

P. Zool. S. 1853 and Gen. Moll. I, p. 324, 1854, type H. piligerum, Philippi,
[from Mascarene Islands, fide Deshayes, Sfc.'].

I have never been able to obtain a specimen of this interest-
ing genus.

8. Family MELANIID^E, Orbigny.

Moll. Canar. 1837 ; = Melaniadce, Gray, 1840.

Sub-family CERIPHASIN^l, Gill.

P.Acad.Nat. Sci. Philad. 1863 [_Febr.~] -,= Family Strepomatida, Halde-
man, I. c. \_Sept .]

I am unable to agree with Messrs. Brot and Tryon in accept-
ing Haldeman's name in preference to that of Gill's.

MBLANIID^l.

Genus 10, Lea.

Philos. Trans, IV, 1832, type lo fluviatilis, Say ; fide Brot., Sub-Genus
of Pleurocera.

1 . lo fluvialis.

Fusus fluvialis, Say, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. V, 1825.

var. inermis.

lo inermis, Anthony, P. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1860.
2 Tennessee ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.

2. lo spinosa.

lo spinosa, Lea, Philos. Trans. V, 1834, Kolston Rv. [Virginia'].
2 Tennessee; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.

Genus PLEUROCERA, Rafinesque.

J, de Phys. Brux. 1819 \no type recorded]; = Cerithasia, Stoainson, 1840,
type C. sulcata ;= Trypanostoma, Lea, 2862, type Mel. canaliculata,
Say ;=Strepoma, Auct. \_as of Rafin.~],

Fide Tryon a sub-genus of lo.

1. Pleurocera canaliculata.

Melania canaliculata, Say, J. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 1821.

4 Indiana; coll. I. Lea, Esq. [Asiat. Soc. Bengal].

2 Ohio; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.

3 Coosa Rv., Alabama ; coll. Kevd. E. R. Beadle [labelled " M. pon-
derosa"~]..

2. Pleurocera ponderosa.

Melania ponderosa, Anthony, P. Acad. Nat. S<i. 1860.
5 Indiana; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham.

3. Pleurocera filum.

Melania filum, Lea, Philos. Proc. IF, 1845, Alabama.
8 Tennessee; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.

MELANIHXaS.

4. Pleurocera prasinata.

Melania prasinata, Conrad, Amer. J. Sci. V, 1834.
4 Coosa Rv., Alabama j coll. Rev. E. U. Beadle.

5. Pleurocera annulifera.

Melania annulifera, Conrad, New freshwater Shells, 1834.
2 Alabama ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.

6. Pleurocera clarkii.

Melania clarkii, Lea, P. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1862, " DuoJc CreeJc, Tennessee"
2 Alabama; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.

7. Pleurocera elevata.

Melania elevata, Say, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. II, 1821.

var. elongata.

Melania elongata, Lea, Philos. Trans. IV, 1832, West Tennessee.
2 Alabama ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.

8. Pleurocera troostii.

Trypanostoma troostii, Lea, P. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1862, Tennessee, Alabama,
and Indiana.

4 Alabama ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.

9. Pleurocera monilifera.

Trypanostoma moniliferum, Lea, P. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1862, Tennessee,
Indiana, fyc.

2 Alabama ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

10. Pleurocera lesleyi.

Trypanostoma Lesleyi, Lea, P. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1864, East Tennessee

and Kentucky.

1 Kentucky ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.

196 MELANIIDJS.

11. Pleurocera prestoniana.

Trypanostoma Prestoniana, Lea, P. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1864, p. 3 [foot-note],
for M. vanuxemii, I. c. 1861 [not M. vanuxemiana, Lea].

7 Ringgold, Georgia; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle,

12. Pleurocera subularis.

Melania subularis, Lea, Philos. Trans. IV, 1832, " Niagara Biver."

16 Mohawk Rv., New York and Michigan ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle, &c.

Sub-Genus STREPHOBASIS, Lea.
P. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1861, type S. cornea, Lea.
Sub-genus of Angitrema, fide Tryon,

13. Pleurocera [Strephobasis] olivaria.

Strephobasis olivaria, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1862, Knoxville.
2. Alabama ; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham.

Genus GONIOBASIS, Lea.
P. Acad. Nat. Sci. PMad. 1862, type [restr.'] M. shoioalterf, Lea.

1. Goniobasis alabamensis.
Melania alabamensis, Lea, P. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1861.

5 Coosa Rv., Alabama ; ex c. Rev. E. R. Beadle.

2. Goniobasis boykiniana.

Melania boykiniana, Lea, P. Philos. Soc., 1840,— " Columbus, Geo."

4 Georgia ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.
3 Alabama ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

3. Goniobasis pupoidea.

Melania pupoidea, Anthony, Ann. Lye., Neiv York, 1854, Alabama.

6 Alabama ; ex c. Rev. E. R. Beadle.

MELANIID^l. 197

4. Goniobasis silicula.
Melania silicula, Gould, P. Boat. 8. II, 1847, Nisqually -Oregon.

var. shastaensis.

Melania shastaensis, Lea, P. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1856, Shasta River, California,

**

3 California; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns.

5. Goniobasis circumlineata.

Goniobasis circumlineata, Tryon, Am. J. Con. 1, 1865, California.
5 California ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.

6. Goniobasis ellipsoides.

Goniobasis ellipsoides, Lea, Obs. Unio, $c., Vol. IX, for Melania gracilior,
P. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1861, Coosa River, Alabama [not Mel. gracilior of

Authors],

4 Alabama ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle.

The name of the species should stand as G gracilior, Lea.

7. Goniobasis coosaensis.

Melania coosaensis, Lea, P. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1861, Coosa River.
4 Alabama; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle.

8. Goniobasis rubicunda.

Melania rubicunda, Lea, P. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1861— Coosa River.
10 " Coosak " Kv,, Alabama ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle.

9. Goniobasis draytoni.

Goniobasis draytoni, Lea, P. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1862, Fort George, Oreyon.
4 California; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

198 MELANIID.fi.

10. Goniobasis nigrina.

Melania nigrina, Lea, P. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1856 — Shasta county, California,
7 California ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

11. Goniobasis troostiana.

Melania troostiana, Lea, Philos. Proc. II, 1841 — Jefferson County, Tennessee.
1 Kentucky; exc. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

12. Goniobasis aterina.

Goniobasis aterina, Lea, P. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1863 — East Tennessee.
9 Kentucky ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle.

13. Goniobasis adusta.

Melania adusta, Anthony, P. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1860.

var. cumberlandensis.

Goniobasis cumberlandensis, Lea, P. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1860— Cumberland
Gap, Sfc., Tennessee.

7 Kentucky ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

14. Goniobasis showalteri.

Melania showalterii, Lea, P. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1861, Alabama.

4 Alabama; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

15. Goniobasis grata.

Melania grata, Anthony, P. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1860.

5 Alabama; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle.

16. Goniobasis virginica.

Buccinum virginicum, Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1788.

6 Pennsylvania ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle.

MELANIID M. 199

They agree with Tryon's fig. 219.

5 Hudson Rv., New York ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.
Near Tryon's fig. 287.

5 Silver Springs, Pennsylvania ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

var. multilineata.

Melania multilineata, Say, J. Acad. Nat. Set., 1822.
3 New York ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

A smaller form than Tryon's fig. 290, otherwise like it. Mr.
Lea presented the Asiatic Society with some examples of the
type form and also of this var. — see J. A. S. J3. 1832, p. 77 ; as
also some of M. conica, Say.

? var. [? dist. sp.]
2 Pennsylvania [ ? ] ; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

17. Goniobasis vanuxemiana.

Melania vanuxemiana, Lea, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., 1842 — Alabama.
5 Alabama ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle.

18. Goniobasis solidula.

Melania solidula, Lea, P. Acad. Nat. ScL, 1861— Alabama.
4 Alabama; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle.

? var. [ ? dist. sp.]
2 Alabama; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle.
Mixed with the preceding. Ribbed at base.

19. Goniobasis olivula.

Melania olivula, Conrad, Amer. Journ. Sci., 1834, Alabama.
1 Alabama ; ex c. Prof, W. Newcomb.

2UO . MELANIIDJ).

20. Goniobasis livescens.

Melania livescens, MenJce, Syn. Meth. 1830.

12 Michigan ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle.
5 New York ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.

var. cuspidata.

Melania cuspidata, Anthony, P. Sost. S., 1850.
2 Ohio ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

21. Goniobasis proxima.

Melania proxima, Say, J. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1825.
7 N. Carolina; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle.

22. Goniobasis semicarinata.

Melania semicarinata, Say, New Harm. Diss., 1819.

5 Ohio; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

var. varicosa.

Melania varicosa (Ward), Haldeman, Hon. Limn. 1854.

2 Indiana; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb [sent as " G. varicosa"'],

var. exilis.

Melania exilis, Haldeman, Snp. Mon. Limn. 1S40.
• 4 New York ; ex c. Prof. W. Neweomb [as " G. exilis "].

? var. [? dist. sp.]

6 Kentucky ; ex c. Rev. E. R. Beadle.
Mixed with 0. aterina.

23. Goniobasis nodulosa.

Melania nodulosa, Lea, PMlos. Proc. II, 1841 —Tennessee.
2 Tennessee ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.

24. Goniobasis decorata.

Melania decorata, Anthony, P. Acad. Nat. Sci., I860.
6 Alabama; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle.

25. Goniobasis hydei.

Melania hydeii, Conrad, New freshwater Shells, 1824.

3 Georgia ; ex c. Prof. Newcomb.

26. Goniobasis plicifera.

Melania plicif era, Lea, Philos. Trans. VI, 1836 — Wahlamat, near junction
with the Columbia River.

1 Oregon [?] ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

A magnificent specimen of the rare typical form, as figured
in the Amer. J. Conch. I, pi. XXIV, fig. 3.

var. oregonensis.

Melania plicifera, var. oregonensis, Tryon, Amer. J. Conch. I, 1864, pi.
XXIV, fig. 4, Oregon.

10 Oregon; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb, &c.

var. bulimoides.

Melania plicifera, var. bulimoides, Tryon, I. c., fig. 5-6, Oregon.
8 Oregon ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

27. Goniobasis carinifera.

Melania carinifera, Lamarck, Hist., 1822.
12 Georgia; ex c. Prof. Newcomb.

var. bella.
Melania bella, Conrad, New freshwater Shells, App.,1834.

4 Alabama ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

28. Goniobasis bulbosa.

Melania bulbosa, Gould, P. £ost. S. II, 1847— Columbia River.
12 California ; ex c. Profs. E. C. Stearns and W. Newcomb.

202 MELANIID^l.

They do not agree well with Tryon's figures.

29. Goniobasis acuta.

Melania acuta, Lea, Philos. Trans. IV, 1832 — Tennessee River.
4 New York; ex c. Prof. W. Newcotnb.

30. Goniobasis laeta.

Melania laeta, Say.

3 Alabama ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

31. Goniobasis continens.

Goniobasis continens, Lea, P. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1862 — North Alabama.
5 Alabama ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

Sub-Genus SCHIZOSTOMA, Lea.

Amer. Phil. Soc. 1842, type M. excisa, and P. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1860
[not of Bronn, 1835, which=Euryomphalus~]; = Schizochilus, Leat
Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., 1852 ;=Gyrotoma, Shut. 1845.

Fide M. Brot, distinct Genus, as Gyrotoma, Shut., including
Mesescliiza, Lea.

32. Goniobasis [Schizostoma] babylonica.
Melania babylonica, Lea, Philos. Proc. IV, 1845— Ohio.
2 Alabama ; ex c. Rev. E. E, Beadle.

Sub-Genus MESESCRIZA. Lea.
P. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1864, type M. grosvenorii, Lea.
Not represented in the Museum.

Genus ANCULOSA, Say.

«7. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1821, type Mel. praerosa, Say ;—Leptoxis, Brot and
Auct. [as of Safin. 1819].

1. Anculosa costata.

Anculotus costatus, Anthony, J. Bost. S. Ill, 1840, Cincinnati.
6 Ohio ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

MELANIIDJJ. 203

2. Anculosa patula [?]

Anculosa patula, Anthony, P. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1860.

3 United States [juv. ? ] ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka [labelled as above].
This identification appears to me very doubtful.

3. Anculosa squalida.

Anculosa squalida, Lea, Philos. Proc. IV, 1845, Alabama.
2 Alabama ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

4. Anculosa picta.

Anculosa picta, Conrad, Amer. Journ. Sci., 1834.

5 Alabama ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle.

5. Anculosa planospira.

Anculosa planospira, Anthony, Ann. Lye. New Yorlc, VI, 1854.
I United States ; ex c.- Dr. F. Stoliczka.

6. Anculosa dilatata.

Anculosa dilatata, Conrad, New freshwater Shells, App., 1854.

var. kirtlandiana.

Anculotus kirtlandianus, Anthony, J. Host. 8. Ill, 1840, " Falls of the
Kanawha."

6 Virginia ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

7. Anculosa subglobosa.

Melania subglobosa, Say, J. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825.

var. gibbosa.

Anculosa gibbosa, Lea, Philos. Proc. II, 1841— Tennessee.
10 Pennsylvania ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle.

204 MELANIIDJ3.

var. tintinnabulata.

Anculosa tintinnabulum, Lea, Philos. Proc. IV, 1845, Tennessee and
Alabama.

2 Alabama; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

8. Anculosa plicata.

Anculosa plicata, Conrad, New freshwater Shells, 1S34.

7 Tennessee; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.
1 Alabama; ex e. Prof. W. Newcomb.

9. Anculosa tseniata.

Anculosa tseniata, Conrad, New freshwater Shells, 1534
1 United States ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

? var. [? dist. sp.]
3 United States; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

10. Anculosa praerosa.

Anculosa praerosa, Say, J. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1821.
5 Ohio; ex c. Prof, W. Newcomb.

11. Anculosa dissimilis.

Paludina dissimilis, Say, Nicholson's Enc., 1819.

10 Potomac Rv., &c., Pennsylvania; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle and
Prof. W. Newcomb.

12. Anculosa rubiginosa.

Anculosa rubiginosa, Lea, Philos. Proc. II, 1841, Alabama.
10 Alabama; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

13. Anculosa ampla.

Anculosa ampla, Anthony, Ann. Lye. New York, VI, 1854.
2 Alabama ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

205
Sub-Genus EURYCAELON, Lea

P. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1864, type Qoniolasis umbonata ; sub-genus of Goniobasis,
fide Try on.

14. Anculosa [Eurycaelon] crassa.

Anculosa crassa, Haldeman, Hon. Limn., 1841.

3 Tennessee; exc. Prof. W. Newcomb.

15- Anculosa [Eurycaelon] anthonyi.

Anculosa Anthonyi, Sudd, Redfield, Ann. Lye. New York, VI, 1854.
1 Tennessee; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

Genus LITHASIA, Haldeman.
Sup. Mon. Limniades, 1840, type LitJi. ooovata, Say.

1. Lithasia obovata.

Melania obovata, Say, New Harmony Diss. 1829.

4 Kentucky ; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham.

Sub-Genus ANGITREMA, Haldeman.
Sup. Mon. Limniades, Jan. 1841 [on cover!, type Mel, armigera, Say.

2. Lithasia [Angitrema] salebrosa.

Melania salebrosa, Say, New freshwater Shells, 1854.
9 Tennessee ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.

3. Lithasia [Angitrema] geniculata.

Litbasia geniculata, Haldeman, Sup. Mon. Limn. 1840; emend. Lea, as L.

I Tennessee ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb.

206 MELANIUXE.

4. Lithasia [Angitrema] jay ana.

Melania jayana, Lea, Philos. Proc. II., 1841 , Tennessee; =M. robulina,
Anthony, P. Bost. 8. 1850.

2 Kentucky ; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham.

2 Tennessee; ex c. Prof. W. Newcornb [as " L. robulina, Anth. "]

5. Lithasia [Angitrema] armigera.

Melania armigera, Say, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1821.

10 Texas and Indiana ; coll. Prof. W. Newconib and J. Lei, Esq. [As. Soc.
Beng.].

6. Lithasia [Angitrema] verrucosa.

Pleurocera verrucosa, Raftnesque, Annals Nature, 1820 ; =Melania nupera,
Say, New Harm. Diss.,p. 260.

5 Kentucky; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham.

7. Lithasia [Angitrema] subglobosa.

Lithasia subglobosa, Lea, P. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1861, Tennessee.
4 Alabama ; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham.

Sub-family MELANIIN.fi, H. & A. Adams.

Genus MELANOPSIS, Ferussac.

Essai d'une meth. conchil., p. 70, 1807 ; and Mem. Soc Hist. Nat. Paris,
1823.

1. Melanopsis prserosa, Linnaeus.

Buccinum prannorsum, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. X, 1758, Seville, emend.
Ed. XII, as B. prcerosum ; =Buccina maroccana, Chemnitz \_pars.~]

18 Baalbeck and Rv. Litany [Ccelosyria] ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson [27,
111].

MELAN1TD.11 .

207

Whorls shaped like Brot, pi. 45, fig 13, but spire more pro-
duced ; a single specimen distinctly banded, like Bourg. Mai.
Alg., pi. XVI, fig. 20.

12 Rv. Litany; coll. Dr. J. Anderson [17£, 8f].

A shorter, more convex form, resembling Brot, pi. 45, fig. 1
["M. buccinoidea"], but rather smaller ; a single specimen is
distinctly banded, exactly like Rossmassler, fig. 1889 [" M.
wagneri, Parr."].

2 Rhodes ; ex c. R. Hungerford, Esq.
50 Damascus; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

Close to Rossmassler, fig. 1885, and Brot, pi. 45, fig. 13.

4 Damascus; coll. Dr. J. Anderson [long. 24, diam. 10 mil.; sub-

decollate] .

Abnormal specimens with the spire cylindrically produced,
much as in M. Brot's, pi. 45, fig. 7 [" Rhodes "].

30 Damascus ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson [16£, 10].

Resembles Brot, pi. 45, figs. 3, 5 and 14 ; has a shorter spire
than the preceding.

16 Jordan and Ain Mellaha; coll. Dr. J. Anderson [20, 11£].

Resemble M. Brot's pi. 45, fig. 2, his M. lucrinoidea, Fer., a
form distinguished by the more evenly rounded whorls.

20 Ain-es-Sultan [Elisha's Spring], Jericho; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.
Resembles Rossmassler, fig. 1888, and Brot, pi. 45, fig. 9, &c.

10 Ain Mellaha, Galillee ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.
7 Jericho; ex c. H. F. Blanford, Esq.

Typical specimens of the so-called M. buccinoidea.
30 Sahestan, W. of Shiraz; coll. W. T. Blauford, Esq.
"[Indistinguishable from the preceding.

1 Dead Sea; ex c. H. P. Blanford, Esq. [labelled " M. eremita,
Trist."]

Does not seem to me to agree with Tristram's description.

208

var. brevis.

Melanopsis praerosa, var. brevis (Parreyss), Mowsson, Coq. Bellardi, 1854 ;
Jtde Brot =JI£. ruinarum, Tamer, ms.from BaalbecJc.

28 Baalbeck and Rv. Litany [=Leontes] ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson [16*-, 9].

Even more convexly rounded than Brot's pi. 45, fig. 4, with
the last whorl relatively unusually short ; and lighter substance
than usual, with callosity less developed.

var. variabilis.

Melanopsis variabilis (von dem Busch), PTiiUppi, Abb. II, 1847, Sckiraz
and Persepolis.

Judging from M. Brot's figures, this variety is not M. min-
grelica, Bayer, as I suspected from Issel's description ; the
latter's var. carinata must bear close affinity to my subvar. acuti-
carinata.

30 Persia ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [24, 10].

From neighbourhood of Shiraz, I believe ; the original figures
of Philippi are excellent, those of Brot very bad. These are
what I consider typical specimens, resembling Philippi's fig. 8,
" anfr. planiusculis."

12 Bandomir [Persia] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
20 Persia; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [21 J, 10].

Exactly resembling the preceding, but whorls more rounded,
bearing much the same relationship to it as does M. buccinoidea
to M. prcerosa.

subvar. zonulata.
Philippi, I c.,Jlff. 10.

9 Persia ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

subvar. nana.

coll. W. T. Blan
2 Shiraz ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. [as " M. fasciolata, Parr/']

15 Persia; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [16, 8].
" 1. [as « M.

MELANIIDJ!.

Show no trace of longitudinal ribbing. Long. 10, diam.
Si mil.

subvar. bicolorata.

12 W. of Shiraz ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [17$, 8].

subvar. acuticarinata.
2 Persia; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [13|, 7$].

M. Bourguignat's pi. XV, fig. 25, Malac, Alger, gives a fair
idea of this interesting form, which, however, is smaller, not
decollate, of paler colour, obsoletely banded, with the keel even
more developed.

subvar. decollata.

PUlippi, 1. c.,fig. 7 ; ? M.fasciolata, Parreyss.
20 Persia ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [19, 9].

A very distinct, thin,. eroded, slightly decollate variety, whorls
•usually less convex than in the quoted figure; under the lens
minutely, flexuously striate ; two or three show distinct, longi-
tudinal, distant ribbing as well, much as in Rossm., fig. 1883
[If. tingitana, Mori.]. It is perhaps as closely allied to Issell's
M. dorioBy — seems, indeed, to be a connecting link.

var. dorise.

Melanopsis Dorise, Issel, Moll. Persia, 1865, long. 24, diam .8 mil. — Kerman.
30 Kerman [S. Persia] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

From the same spot as Prof. Issel's type, with which they
agree exactly.

subvar. carinifera.
10 Kerman ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

A very interesting form, with a raised keel running along
the suture.

210 MELANIID2E.

2. Melanopsis maroccana,

Buccina Maroccana, Chemnitz, Conch.~Cab. I, 1795, Morocco, pi. 210, fig.
2080-1 ;—M. Dufourii, Ferussac, Mem. Soc. Paris, 1823, Valence.
Almeria and Morocco ;=M. hammanensis, Gassies, Act. Soc. Lin.
Bord. 3 Ser., Vol. I [also of Mar. 1880].

1 Murcia ; ex " Linnsea."

3 St. Denis du Sig [Oran] ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

Intermediate between M. Bourguignat's pi. XV, fig. 21 and
fig. 23 [the latter " var. hammanensis, Graells."]

2 Morocco ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

6 Murcia j coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [19i, 9f].

A solid, pale-coloured form, something like Bourguignat's
pi. XV, figs. 17-18, but considerably smaller.

5 Relizane [Algiers] ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. [18|, 10].
Intermediate between M. Bourguignat's figs. 20 and 23.
2 Cartagena j coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [12|, 5|].

Somewhat resembling M. Brot's pi. 47, fig. 3, var. nana—
M* etrusca, Villa, ms. ; it is exceedingly close to Eossmassler's
Original figure of M. lorcana, but is not excavate at the sutures.

18 Maison Carree [Algiers] and Miliana ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.

var. graellsi.

Melanopsis Graellsi, Villa [Disp. 1841 7] ; Rossmassler, III, Icon. 1854,
ftff. 841.

1 Valencia ; ex " Linnsea."

var. lorcana.

Melanopsis Lorcana, Quirao, Malak. Slat. 1854, Lorca.

2 Lorca [near Murcia] ; ex " Linnsea."

var. saharica.

Melanopsis inaroccana, var saharica, Bourguignat, Mai. Alg. 1864— long. 6
to 12, diam. 4 to 6 mil., Biskra, Ouargla, Sfc. ; fide Brot, var. of
M. prarosa, lAnnaus.

6 Biskra ; ex c. Colonel R. H. Beddonae [12, 6J].

MELANIID2E. 211

Seems to me intermediate between M. prc&rosa and M.
maroccana. The columella resembles that of the latter ; but
the shape of the last whorl and less expanded aperture (at base)
show a closer affinity to the former species,

3. Melanopsis cariosa.

Murex cariosus, Linn&us, Syst. Nat. 1758, Seville; fide Morelet=M.
costellata, Fer. 1823 [pars], Seville and Morocco.

1 Guadalquivir j ex " Linnsea."

var. maresi.

Melanopsis maresi, Bourguignat, Palaontol. Alg. 1862, S. of Prov. Oran
[subfossil'], long. 20 to 24, diam. 9 to 12 mil. ; Bowg. in Malac. Alg.
living specimens from Keriz, S. Prov. of Tunis ; fide Paladilhe from
Morocco.

2 Near Tlemeen [? subfossil] ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq.

Aperture less effuse at base, otherwise they agree well with
M. Bourguignat's figures. M. Morelet, J. de C., 1880, p. 98,
cousiders the form as distinct, and that M. maresi, Bourg.
[1862], and his own Mt tingitana [1864] ought to be united.

4. Melanopsis oostata.

Melania coatata, Olivier, Voy. Emp. Ottom. 1803, and M. costellata, Fer.
1823.

20 Am Mellaha [Galilee] ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

Near M. Brot's figure of the type form, pi. 46, fig. 4 ; also
resembles Bossmassler, fig. 1904, but the ribbing is still more
flexuous.

7 Jericho; ex c. H. F. Blanford, Esq. [15, 6£].
15 Ain-es-Sultan and Jordan ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

Something like Bossm., fig. 1900-1, but smaller ; 1 should
have identified them as M. saulcyi, Bourg., but for their tur-
reted spire.

212 MELANI1DJE.

var. jordanica.

Melanopsis jordanica, Roth, Moll. Orient. 1839.

20 Sea of Galilee ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson [20, Hi].
Agree with M. Brot's pi. 46, fig. 6.
20 Jordan ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson [2U, 10i].
Agree with M. Brot's pi. 46, fig. 5, and Bossm., fig. 1905.

subvar. forticostata.
12 Lake Huleh [Palestine] ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

A very remarkable, thick-ribbed form, with wonderfully
produced spire ; I can find no figure that represents it, —
long. 29, diam. 11J mil.

subvar. nana.

15 Sea of Galilee j coll. Dr. J. Anderson [111, 7],
Like Bossm., fig. 1906, but smaller.

var.
3 Busrah, Beluchistan ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

Unfortunately in very bad condition ; it may prove to be an
altogether new form. M. Brot's pi. 48, figs. 1 to 3 [" M. tin-
gitana "] are the nearest figures I can find ; there is no basal
canaliculation as in M. nodosa, Ferussac.

Long. 15, diam. 7J mil.

5. Melanopsis kotschyi.

Meianopsis kotschyi (v. d. Busch}, Philippi, Abb. II, pi. 4, fig. 11, Persepo-
lis.

30 Lake at Shiraz ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

Evidently very variable ; closely allied on the one hand to
M. costata and on the other to M. prcerosa, especially to var.
variabilis, subvar. fasciolata, Parreyss [or decollata, Nevill].

213

6. Melanopsis trifasciata.

Melanopsis trifasciata, Gray, Diejfenbach,Nov. Zel.II,1843 ;=M. zelandica,
Qould, P. Bost. S. 1847, New Zealand ;=M. ovata, Dunker, Malak.
Slat. 1861, Lake Rotoiti.

5 New Zealand ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

7. Melanopsis brevis.

Melanopsis brevis. Morelet, Test. Nov. Austr. 1857, alt. 10 — 12, diam. 7 mil.
5 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

8. Melanopsis fragilis.

Melanopsis fragilis, Gassies, J. de C. 1874, " Ouagap," long. 8-10, diam.
4-5 mil.

3 N. Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

9. Melanopsis parreyssi.

Melanopsis parreyssi (v. Muhlfeld)> PJiilippi, Abb. II, pi. 4, fig. 15, Hun-

20 Locality ? ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

Agree with M. Brot's pi. 46, fig. 14, his " var. scalaris.
Parreyss."

10. Melanopsis brotiana.

Melanopsis brotiana, Gassies, J. de C. 1874, near Noumea, long. 10, diam. 4\
mil. ; fide Brot ? = M . carinata, Gassies, juv.

2 New Caledonia j coll. J. Cald well, Esq.

11. Melanopsis frustulum.

Melanopsis frustulum, Morelet, Test. nov. Austral. 1857; fide Srot,=]lf. curta,
Gassies, 1870, and vars.=M. variegata, Morelet, M. lentiginosa, Reeve, M.
lirata, M. fasciata, M. Julgurans, and M. sordida, Gassies; vars.=M.
fusca and souverbieana, Gassies.

var. lineolata.

Melanopsis lineolata, Gassies, J. de C., TIt 1857, Rv. Balade [not of Gray],
emend. Gassies, Nouv. Caled. 1, 1861, as M. livida.

5 New Caledonia; coll. J. Caldwell, Esq.

214 MELANIIDJl.

12. Melanopsis gassiesiana.

Melanopsis gassiesiana, Crosse, J. de C., XV, 1866, p. 435, N. Caledonia.

1 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

M. Brot questions if this species were not better united to
Melanopsis brevis, Mor., as a variety. I am inclined to believe
the same myself.

13. Melanopsis fusiformis.

Melanopsis fusiformis, Oassies, J. de C., 1870, N. Caledonia.
12 New Caledonia ; coll. J. Caldwell, Esq.

Sub-Genus PSEUDHEMISINUS, nov.
Type Melanopsis esperi, Fer.

14. Melanopsis [Pseudhemisinus] thermalis.

Hemisinus tbernaalis, Brot, Mat. II, 1868 [as of Titius ? ], Hungary.

2 " East Europe" j ex c. Asiatic Soc. Bengal.

1 Taplocza, Hungary ; ex " Linnsea."

15. Melanopsis [Pseudhemisinus] esperi.

Melanopsis 4 esperi, Ferussac, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1823, River
LaybacJi ; from Plattensee, fide Brot.

2 Transylvania ; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham.

3 Sava & Agram, Croatia ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq., and ex " Linnsea."

16. Melanopsis [Pseudhemisinus] acieularis.

Melanopsis acieularis, Ferussac, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1823, Eiver
LaybacJi, with var. cornea from the Danube.

2 Europe ; ex c. Asiatic Soc. Bengal.

var. audebarti.

Melanopsis acieularis, var. Audebartii (Prevosi), Ferussac, I.e., from Tb'slau.
2 Agram, Croatia; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

MELANIID^Bl. 2 15

Genus HEMISINUS, Swainson.
Treat. Malac. 1840, p. 341, type H. lineolatus, Gray.

1. Hemisinus lineolatus.

Strombus lineolatus, Gray, Wood's Ind. Test. Sup. 1828, Hob. ?
2 Cuba ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.

M. Brot records as localities Jamaica, Venezuela, and Per-
nambuco, but not Cuba. The aboye resemble his pi. 38, fig, 6 d.

var. punctata.

Hemisinus punctatus, Eeeve, Icon. 1860, Pernambuco.

2 Brazil ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.
Like M. Brot's fig. 6 b, only smaller.

2. Hemisinus ornatus.

Melania ornatus, Poey, Mem. Cuba, 1852.
9 Cuba j ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb, &c.

3. Hemisinus brasiliensis.

Melanopsis brasiliensis, Moricand, Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneva, VIII, 1839,
Villa de Barra ; fide Brot, var.=Mel. scalaris, Wagner.

2 Brazil; coll. A. Morelet, Esq.

var. elata, nov.

Conch.- Cab., II, pi. 40, fig. 12 A. as "var. B. elate turrita"
1 Brazil ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

4. Hemisinus guayaquilensis.

Melania guayaquilensis, Petit, Journ. de Conch., 1853, Guayaquil.

1 Guayaquil; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

5. Hemisinus behni.

Hemisinus behuii, Reeve, Icon. 1860, Pernamluco.

var.

2 Brazil ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

1 Brazil ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcoiiib.

216 MELANIID^.

var.

1 Brazil ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb.
Resembles M. Brot's pi. 39, fig. 12 c.

Genus DORYSSA, H. Sf A. Adams.
Gen, Moll. I, p. 304, 1856, type M. atra, Richard.

1. Doryssa transversa [?].
Melania transversa, Lea, Zool. 1850, Guiana.

var. subdevians, nov. [? D. subdevians, n. sp.].

3 Amazons; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb [labelled " Mel. transversa, Rv."~\.
Long. 26, diam. 12| mil.

Strongly decollate, three or four whorls only remaining.
Dark-brown colour, not light as M. Brot says Reeve's species
always is. Longitudinal sculpture obsolete on the last whorl.
But for its much larger size, M. Brot's pi. 35, fig. 10 A. [D.
devians] well represents the form.

2. Doryssa consolidata.

Bulimus consolidates, Bruguiere, JSnc.Meth., 1790 ; fide Brot=H. decollata,
Gmelin=Mel. circumsulcata, Busch, 1858 = Mel. scarabus, Reeve.

3 "Tocantines River," Brazil; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb [labelled " Mel.
scarabus, Rv."].

Last whorl less convex than in M. Brot's figure ; it is also less
decollate, four whorls remaining.

3. Doryssa aquatilis.

Melania aquatilis, Reeve, Icon., 1859, Rio Branca, Guiana ; fide Reeve
[w» "errata""] and Brot =Mel. branca, Rv., 1860, from Rio Branca.

1 South America ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

4. Doryssa subimbricata.

M elania subimbricata, Philippi, Abb. Ill, 1851, Hab. ? [not Faunus subim-
brvcatus of Brof].

C Brazil; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb [labelled "M. subimbricata, Ph."].

MELANIIDJE. 217

Agree exactly with Philippi's original figure, only a little
smaller ; they are, I believe, quite adult.

Genus FAUNUS, de Montfort.

Conch. Syst., 1810, type Strombus ater, Lin. ; =Pirena, Lam., 1822, type
P. terebralis, Lam. [=F. ater] ;=Melanamona, Bowditch.

Operculum resembling that of Tanalia ; approximately one-
third of the internal surface is covered with a black polished
glaze ; externally there is a somewhat indistinct striation.

1. Faumis ater.

Strombus ater, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 1758, " in Asioe paludibus " ;=Pirena
terebralis, Lam., Moluccas ; juv. =P.picta, Reeve, Ceylon; fide Brot=
P. acus, Lesson, N. Ireland =Melanopsis princeps, Lea, Cape of Good
Hope=P. pagoda, Reeve, Habit. ? — [spec, monstrosa] ; var. ? =
P. cantori, Reeve, from Penang ; fide Mousson from Java ; fide Cum-
ing, Philippines— fide Brot, Timor, Buru, Amboyna; var.?=P.
nitida, v. d. Buscht from the Philippines.

2 Celebes [?] ; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka [ex Landauer],

More slender and produced than my Ceylon specimens, with
the last whorl not so broad ; colour jet-black.

Long. 73, diam. 18|- mil. ; not decollate. They agree fairly
with M. Brot's pi, 44, fig. 3 [Philippines] ; it seems to me to
agree with Reeve's F. cantori, from Penang ; size is of little
importance.

1 Philippines [?] ; coll. Baron F. von Kichthofen.
A young specimen, in bad condition.
5 Ceylon ; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

This I take to be the typical form ; they agree with M. Brot's
fig. 3 B. [var. picta, Rv.]. Long. 80, diam. 22 mil.

1 Nicobars [?]; ex c. Capt. R. C. Temple.

Closely resembling the preceding, only rather smaller. The
locality is an important one, but requires confirmation.

2 Ceylon j coll. E. L. Layard, Esq. [ex c. Asiat. Soc. B.].
1 Habitat ? ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

218 MELANIID^.

var. perdecollata, nov.

Brot, pi. 44, fig. 3, Habit. ?

10 Southern Province, Ceylon; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

Long. 76^-, diam. 21 mil. Apparently a form constantly
characterized by the strong decollation, erosion of the surface,
and iron-rnst, reddish colour of the peristome, &c. ; mostly with
specimens of an oyster attached, half as large as themselves.
Very variable in size.

Sub-Genus MELANATRIA, Bowditch.
Mem. Conch., 1822, type Sue. flumineum, Gmelin.

2. Faunus [Melanatria] flumineus.

Buccinura flumineum, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1788, Hob. ? ,• fide Brot, var. =
Pirena aspera, Brot, var. = ? P. cecillei, PMllippi, 1849, Madagascar,
var. = P. plicata, Reeve = lamarclci, Val. = fraterna, Lea = Mel.
subimbricata, Phil. [spec.juv.~\, var. = P. maura, Reeve, West Africa.

var. plicata.
Pirena plicata, Reeve, Icon., 1859, Madagascar.

1 Madagascar ; coll. J. Caldwell, Esq.
Agrees exactly with M. Brot's pi. 43, fig. 2.

3. Faunus [Melanatria] spinosus.

Pirena spinosus, Lamarck, Anim. sans Vert., 1822, Madagascar.
5 Ranomafane [Madagascar] j coll. J. Caldwell, Esq.

I am informed that " Ranomafane " means " warm water,"
and that the above specimens were taken from some hot springs
in the bed of the river; they agree with M. Brot's pi. 42,
fig. 1 A and B.

? Genus PIRENOPSIS, Brot.

Conch.- Cab. II, 1879, p. 408, type Melania costata, Quoy [Vanikoro'].
Not represented in the Museum.

MELANimE. '219

Genus CLAVIGER, Haldeman.

Silliman's Journal, 1842, type Nerita aurita, M&ller ;=Vibex, Gray,
P. ZooL 8. 1847, type " Nerita aurita," not Vilex, Gray, 1840, or
OJcen, ZooL 1817 [fide Brof].

l. Claviger auritus.

Nerita aurita, Miiller, Hist. Term., 1774, Hob. ? ; fide Brot, = Strombus
tympanorum, Chemnitz, =Io rota, Reeve, var. = Mel. subaurita, Brot =
Mel. soriculata, Morelet.

1 Senegal j ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.
Agrees with M. Brot's pi. 36, fig. 7A.

var. subrota.

1 W. Africa ; ex c. Asiatic Soc. Bengal.

Long. 34^-, diam. 17 mil. A remarkable form, intermediate
between M. Brot's pi. 36, fig. 7B, and pi. 37, fig. 2. Spire
very short ; nodules fewer than usual, more distant and more
oblique, somewhat larger ; white, with three brown bands on the
last whorl.

Genus LARTETIA, Bourguignat.

Moll. Quartern. Paris, 1869, type L. lelgarandi, Bourg. ; L. lourguignati,
Pal. [only living sp^from Peronne [Dep. Heraulf] ; fide Cles., Nachtr.,
1878, p. 126, closely allied to Baicalia ; fide Sdb., Conch. Vorwelt,
pt 690 =Gonioc?iilus, Sdb. 1870, type Pleuroceras costulatum, Fuchs,
fossil of the Lower Pleiocene from Radmanest =Micromelania, Bru-
sina, 1874.

This and the following form are not in the Museum.

Genus ONCOMELANIA, Gredler.
Jahrb. 1881, p. 120, type 0. hupensis, Gredl. [Prov. Hunan],

Genus TIPHOBIA, E. A. Smith.
P. ZooL S. 1880, type T, Horei, Smith [Lake Tanganyika]*

220 MELANIIDJE.

Mr. Smith states in the P. Zool. S. for 1881, pages 277 and
293, that the operculum is " melanoid," but that the absence of
an epidermis in the species may necessitate the separation of the
genus from the Melaniidce.

Genus PYRGULA, Cristofori $> Jan.

Consp. meth. moll. Mantissa, 1832, type P. annulata, Jan ; sect. Diana,
Clessin, MalaTc. Slat. XXVt 1878, type P. thiesseana, Godet [not of
Bisso, 1826, gen. Piscium].

1. Pyrgula annulata.

Pyrgula annulata, Cristofori and Jan, Mantissa, 1832, Lombardy ; var.
=P. helvetica, Michelin, Guerin, Mag. Conch. 1831, Lake of Geneva—
long. 3, diam. 1 mil.

12 Lake Idro ; ex c. P. Bouvier and C. F. Ancey, Esqrs.
8 Lake Garda, N. Italy ; coll. Dr. H. Dohrn.

2. Pyrgula thiesseana.

Pyrgula thiesseana, Godet, ms., Kobelt, Jahrb. V, 1878, MissolungU — long.
9 mil., and Rossm. Icon., jig. 1910 ; sect. Diana.

2 Lepanto, Greece ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

Genus MOITESSIERIA, Bourguignat.

Monogr. Moitessieria, 1863, type Paludina simoniana, CJiarp., ms.

\_Toulouse~].

This genus and the three next are still unrepresented in the
Museum collection.

Genus LHOTELLIERIA, Bourguignat.

Hull. Soc. Toulouse, 1877, type L. letourneuxi, Bowrg. ; =Locardia, de
Folin, J. de C., 1880, type L. apocrypha, de Folin \_Rh6ne].

Genus PALADILHIA, Bourguignat.
Monogr. Paladilhia, 1865, type P. pleurotoma, Bourg. [Montpellier].

MELANIID.E.

Genus BUGESIA, Paladilhe.

Kev. Mag. Zool. 1866, type B. bourguignati, Pal. \JMontp ellier\.

Von Martens, Stimpson, &c., consider this genus, as also the
four preceding groups, as belonging to the Rissoidce, subfam.
Hydrobiince.

Genus MELANIA, Lamarck.

Prod. 1799 and Syst. anim. sans Vert. 1801, type ? Helix amarula, Lin.
restr. H. and A. Adams, 1855 and Brot, 1874, type M. hastula,
Lea.

I have followed Messrs. Brot and Adams in adopting the group
of M. Tiastula as the typical section, although I consider that
of M. amarula, Bolten's Genus Tiara, would have been more
correctly adopted.

l. Melania fuscata.

Helix fuscata, Born, Test. Vindob. 1780, " Virginia" [not of the Con. Indica] ;
var.= M . macrospira, Morelet, Test. nov. Austral. 1857, tf. Caledonia.

I am unable after a long and careful comparison of numerous
specimens of both, in all stages of growth, to separate the Fijian
and Nicobarese forms. I can see no constant difference what-
ever, except the more conspicuously marginate suture, nor can
I find any distinctive characters for the New Caledonian form ;
individuals vary in the slightly more or less convex shape of
the whorls. It is very likely that Born's types of both M .
fuscata and M. maculata came from the Nicobars.

4 Nicobars ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

From Nancowry, I believe; M. Brot's pi. 17, figs. 4a and 5,
give a fair idea of them.

3 Nicobars ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

Agree well with Born's original figure [=Brot's pi. 18, fig. 2];
also Brot's pi. 17, fig. 4 [M. aspirans], and one resembles his
pi. 17, fig. 4 A. This I consider the young of the form.

1 Nicobars j ex c. Capt. R. C. Temple.

Well represented by Brot's pi. 17, fig. 5 \M. macrospira"] ;
long. 67, diam. 16 mil.

222 MELANIID^!.

subvar. submaculata.

3 Great Nicobar ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

Probably not adult; closely resemble Brot'spl. 17, fig. 4 D.
[M. aspirans, var. picta].

5 Katchall ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

Probably a more adult form of the preceding, well represented
by Brot's pi. 16, fig. 7 A. [M. maculata, var.], which I expect
is also a Nicobar specimen. There is a great tendency to
deformity in this race ; one of them is twisted like Eulima
arcuata. Reeve's fig. 57 [" M. acutissima " — pars] also pro-
bably represents this form.

rar. aspirans.

Melania aspirans, Hinds, Ann. Mag. XIV, 1844, Fiji Islands, axis 23 lin*
5 Ovalau Fiji j ex c. F. Layard, Esq., &c.

Mr. Layard's two specimens were labelled " M. figurata,
Hinds," a species from New Ireland, which also proves to be
only a variety of this widely distributed species. Brot's pi. 17,
fig. 4, though somewhat larger, well represents the above
specimens. The variety, so far as I can see, is only really
characterized by the more marked margination of the suture.

subvar. compacta.

4 Fiji ; coll. Dr. C. F. Tonnerre [A. S. B,].

A more attenuate, solid and contracted form, represented by
M. Brot's pi. 17, fig. 4 A.— long. 56, diam. 11| mil.

subvar, picta.

Melania picta, Binds, Ann. Mag. XIV, 1844, New Ireland, axis 19 lin.
1 Fiji ; coll. Dr. C. F. Tonnerre [A. S. B.].

2. Melania pantherina.

Melania pantherina, von dem JBusch, MalaTc. Slat. 1858, Philippines, and
Reeve, Icon. fig. 38.

5 Guimaras and Cebu ; coll. R. Hnngerford, Esq.

MELANIID2E.

3. Melania punctata.

Melania punctata, Lamarck, Anim. sans Vert. 1822, Hob.? • = M. albescens,
Lea, P. Zool. S. 1850, Philippines, and Reeve, Icon., fig. 42.

2 Guimaras j coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

5 Philippines [?] ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen.

Agree well with M. Brot's pi. XX, fig. 4.
var. monilis [?]

? Melania monile, Mousson, J. de C. 1857, Java, and Brot, Conch.- Cab. II,
pi. 20, jig. 7, Moluccas.

6 Philippines [?] j coll. Baron P. von Richthofen.

var. perdecollata.

3 Philippines [?] ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen.

var. [? spec, juven. of var. monilis].
2 Philippines [?] ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen,

var. [? dist. sp.]
I Philippines [?] ; coll. Baron F. von Richtbofen.

4. Melania clavus.

Melania clavus, Lamarck, Hist. V, 1822, Hal. ? ,• fide Brot = M. acuminata,
DTcr., Phil. Alb., Habit. ?= M. acus, Lea, P. Zool. 8. 1850, and Reeve,
Icon. fig. 92, GLuimaras = M. gaudiosa, Hinds, Ann. Mag. XIV, 1844,
New Ireland ; var. = M. cristobalensis. Brot, Mat. II, 1868, S. Cris-
tobal.

A. very variable and widely distributed species ; M. Brot's
pi. 21, fig. 17, from an original and typical specimen of Lamarck's
collection, may well be a young specimen of var. sobrius, Lea,
from the Nicobars.

var. sobrius.

Melania sobrius, Lea, P. Zool. S. 1850. and Reeve, figs. 32 and 80, Siquijor.

20 Nancowry and Katchall ; coll, Dr. F. Stoliczka, and F, A. de Roep-
storff, Esq.

224 MELANIHXE.

One or two exactly resemble M. Brot's pi. 21, fig. 5 — long. 31 1,
diam. 11 mil.; the others have the last whorl more contracted,
evenly rounded, instead of slightly subangulate — long. 3H,
diam. 10 mil. The largest long. 39J, diam. 12f mil. They
are all of a plain, uniform coloration, without any traces
either of spots or bands.

subvar. eochlidium.

Melania cochlidium, Lea, P. Zool% S. 1850, Siquijor and Guimaras ; Keeve,

fig. 27.

3 Katchall j coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

The infra-sutural ledge is less marked than in the above-
quoted figures, but still quite distinct, especially near the aper-
ture.

var. pirenoidea, nov.

2 [Camorta ? Nicobars] ; coll.F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

A remarkable, " Pirena-like," strongly decollate and massive
form, perhaps the origin of the observation in the voyage of the
" Novara " of the finding of a species of Pirena at Katchall ?

One specimen of 4 whorls measures long. 30, diam. 12 mil.,
and is well represented by M. Brot's pi. 21, fig. 16a, the apical
whorls of course being left out of consideration ; the other of
3 whorls, and the internal portion of a fourth has the last
whorl more convex, with a slight infra-sutural shelf ; long. 30,
diam. 13 mil. M. Brot's pi. 21, fig. 16, though smaller and with
the last whorl more cylindrical, gives a very fair idea of it ;
both are of uniform coloration.

2 Camorta ? ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

One is a quite young specimen of 7 whorls, slightly decollate,
as in Brot's pi. 21, fig. 17; the other of medium growth, has
5 whorls remaining, none of which show the apical sculpture
as does the preceding. I have little hesitation in referring both
of them to this variety as non-adult forms.

subvar. perdecollata.
2 Nicobars j coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

MELANIIDJ3. 225

•

A smaller form, still more decollate, only 2 to 3 whorls re-
maining. They are exactly represented by M. Brot's above-
quoted pi. 21, fig. 16.

var. plana.

Melauia plana, v. d. Busch, ms., Brot, Conch.- Cab. II, pi. 21, fig. 17a, as
? = M. gaudiosa, Hinds.

4 Great Nicobar ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

The only difference from the following two specimens seems
to be that the apical sculpture is rather less developed.

2 Katchall [?] ; coll. F. A. de Koepstorft, Esq.

A very interesting form, fairly represented by the above
figure, though the last whorl is relatively rather shorter still.
The apical 8 whorls are very prominently and regularly longi-
tudinally ribbed and spirally striated ; last whorl, of course,
smooth at base ; of uniform dark olive-green coloration. I
cannot help thinking they are from Great Nicobar like the
preceding.

Anfr. 12 ; long. 28J, diam. 7f mil.
5. Melania crenulata.

Melania crenulata, Deshayes, Lamarck, Hist, anim, s. vert. ed. 2, 1838,
Hob. /, for ''Helix turrita crenulata," Chemnitz, Conch.- Cab. I, Jiff.
1230.

2 Samar [Philippines] ; coll. Prof. C. Semper.

One of these resembles Reeve's fig. 26, but is only about half
the size ; the other exactly resembles Ceylon specimens of var.
confusa, and I cannot help thinking may have got mixed by
some accident.

var. confusa.

Melauia confusa, Dohrn, P. Zool. S. 1858, Ceylon, and Con. Indica, pi. 72,
fig. 4, Ceylon.

I have never seen a specimen like M. Brot's pi. 14, fig. 9b.

6 Ceylon ; coll. E. L. Layard [A. S. B.] and G. Nevill, Ksqrs.

3 Ceylon; coll. E. L. Layard, Esq. [A. S. B.].

226 MELANIUXE.

•

Perhaps the young form of the preceding. M. Brot's pi. 14,
fig. 9c, gives a good idea of it, only the latter is a much larger
form. Mousson's pi. XI, fig. 4, " M. porcata, Jonas," from
Java, is also very close.

var. tirouri.

Melania tirouri, Ferussac, Qnoy and Gaint., pi. 56, figs. 38-39, Destiayes,
1. c., 1838, Hob. ? ; fide Brot = M. laevis, Gray, Griff". Cuv. 1834 [not
of Reeve}.

4 Puniar River, Cuddalore ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome.
1 Vizagapatam ; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

Not represented in the Con. Indica; is near M. Brot's pi. 14,
fig. 9a, but the spiral sulcations are more deeply incised.

Long. 61, diam. 16 mil.

1 Cebu; ex c. R. Hungerford, Esq. [coll. Dr. Eastl»ke].

Resembles the preceding astonishingly.
1 Andamaus ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

6. Melania semicancellata.

Melania semicancellata, v. d. SuscTi, PMlippi, Abb. I, 1845, Java ?
1 Sourabaya, Java; ex c. G. Nerill, Esq.

Agrees with type figure, only a little less ventricosely swol-
len.

var. [? distinct species],
1 Java ? ; coll. Baron von Richthofen.
Perhaps rather a variety of M. crenulata.

7. Melania acutissima.

Melania acutissima, v. d. Buscli, Mai. Slat., 1858, Guadaloupe ? ; Reeve*
Icon. figs. 57 and 58 f Brot, Conch.- Cab., pi. 16, figs. 2 and 2a.

1 S. Cruz, Luzon ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.
Long. 30£, diam. 9 mil. ; anfr. 9.

MELANIID2E. 227

Well represented by M. Brot's fig. 2 and Reeve's figs. 57 and
58, but smaller and evidently not quite adult. It is important
to be able to establish the true habitat of this species, as I am
now able to do. The species resembles in many respects the
form I have catalogued as M. cerea ? Reeve, in coloration,
size, and the characteristic, forcibly reflected, thickened columella
[exactly similar in both] ; the apical spiral striation is, however,
less distinct, but, above all, the whorls, instead of being unusual-
ly convex, are almost cylindrical, as in Reeve, fig. 57. The last
whorl is distinctly subangulate, as mentioned by M. Brot in
his invaluable work. The brown maculations resemble those
of Reeve, fig. 57, though rather less distinct.

var. perstriatula, nov.
2 Guam; ex c. Prof. W. Newcoinb [labelled « M. hastula"].

Wonderfully close to the preceding, but with more developed
and regular spiral striation, only obsolete in the middle of the
last two whorls ; coloration uniform, last whorl subangulate,
upper whorls more attenuately produced. Long. 30, diam.
8 mil. ; anfr. 12.

8. Melania plutonis.

Melania plutonis, Hinds, Ann. Mag. XIV, 1844, Fiji ; Reeve, Icon. fig. 36 ;
? =M. plicatilis, Mousson, J. de C., 1870 [/»».], and Brot, Conch.'
Cab., pi. 18, figs. 9 and 9a.

8 Navigators' Islands; coll. Dr. C. E. Tonnerre [A. S. B.].

9. Melania serea [?].

Melania aerea, Reeve, Conch. Icon. 1859, fig. 64, Philippines ; Brot, I. c.,
pi. 19, fig. 4a. [certe].

12 Luzon [?] ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen.
Long. 35, diam. 10| mil. ; anfr. 10.

This can scarcely be the M. tristis of Reeve, as the upper
whorls are spirally striate, and the columella is strongly callously
incurved, even more so than in Mousson's pL XI, fig. 5 [" M.
aspirans "] ; it differs from the latter by the more ventricose
last whorl, the shorter and more convex spire, &c. ; the last
whorl is smooth, scarcely striate even at base ; slightly macu-
lated with brown streaks in young specimens only. Brot's pi. 19,

228 MELANIUXE.

fig. 4a [M. cerea], gives a good idea of the shape of the form,
only the columella is not sufficiently bent back. Reeve's original
figure, however, seems to me scarcely the same species. Reeve's
fig. 58 [M. acutissima] also closely resembles it.

10. Melania subula.

Melanin subula, Lea, P. Zool. S. 1850, Panay ; Reeve, Icon., Jig. 62.

v»r. contracta, MOV.
3 Cebu ; coll. It. Hungerford, Esq.

Anfr. 13-14 ; long. 36J, diam. 9 mil. Differ from the above-
quoted figure in the more contracted whorls, the last one
especially being less ventricose. Two are of a uniform dark-
violet colour throughout ; the third agrees exactly with the
original description, and has the paler band next the suture, with
short flames, &c.

11. Melania hastula.

Melania hastula, Lea, P. Zool. S. 1850, Philippines and Conch.- Cab. II,
pi. 16, Jigs. 3 and 3b ; Jide Brot = Helix plicaria, Born = Limax
scutulatus, Martyn = M. costata, Auct. [not of Quoy] = M. Jlammu-
lata, Busch [not of Reeve'] = M. picta, Rv. [not of Hinds^M.
acuta, Rv. [not of Lea] = M. arroensis, Rv.

M. Brot records as localities — Philippines, Fiji, Halma-
heira, and Arrow Isl. Herr Brauer, S. B. Ak. Wien, LXXVII,
1878, p. 184, states that Bern's type of Mel. maculata is M.
flammulata, Busch ; and that Bern's Mel. plicaria is M. costata,
Quoy.

var. sub acutissima, nov.

3 Katchall; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

I can find no figure to represent this well-characterized form
amongst M. Brot's illustrations of M. hastula ; it is nearest fig.
3, but much smaller, with the apical ribbing more distinct.

Perhaps his pi. 16, fig. 2a [M. acutissima^ best represents it ;
indeed, I have felt tempted to refer it to that species, as it
resembles remarkably closely the Luzon specimen I have already
•recorded, only it is a more solid shell, with distinct, though not
prominent^ longitudinal ribbing on the apical five whorls, instead

MELANITD^. 229

of the spiral striation of M. acntissima. Spiral striation on
base of last whorl distinct ; upper whorls obscurely docted and
flamed with brown and peculiarly alternate, as in Brot's fig. 2a.
Anfr. 14 ; long. 36, diam. 9| mil.

20 Andamans; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Es[.

Anfr. 7 ; long. 55, diam. 16 mil. Three adult, the others
young.

subvar. subcrenulata, nov.
1 Andamans; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.
Anfr. 4 ; long. 51, diam. 16^ mil.

var. subflammulata, nov.
1 Guimaras; coll. R. Hungerford, Ksq.

Like Philippi's M. flammulata [Java], but with very promi-
nent longitudinal ribs and distinct regular spiral striation, the
latter a character which at once separates it from the preceding
variety ; coloration bright and distinct.

var. subCOStata, nov. [? dist. sp.].
Reeve, jig. 29b, as M. costata, Qtioy, Philippines.

6 Samar; coll. Prof. C. Semper [sent as " M. costata"].

I am by no means sure that these specimens really belong
to the same species as the two preceding varieties, though evi-
dently all these forms are united by M. Brot. The throughout
prominent, slightly nodulose spiral keels are highly characteris-
tic of this form, which is smaller than Reeve's above-quoted
figure and more decollate. Anfr. 4 to 6 ; long. 35, diam. 12^-
mil.

var. subpieta, nov.

Reeve, fig. 43, as M. picta {not of Hinds] ; Conck.-Cab. II, pL Wtfig. 3 d.t
Ralmaheira, " ex Landauer."

3 Ternate ; ex Herr Landauer.

230 MELANIIDJE.

vnr. pseudaculeus, uov.

1 lies Marianes ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. [labelled " M. aculeus ]."

This is certainly not the M. aculeus of Lea, in Brot or
Hanley, Con. Misc., being much nearer the latter's fig. 32,
1. c., " M.fimbriata, Thorpe, ms.," of which, indeed, it might be
a variety. The sutures are excavate, slightly swollen beneath,
as in var. aspirans ; the spire is rather less lanceolately produced
than in any of the preceding forms ; though adult, it is scarcely
decollate ; coloration uniform brown ; spiral striation very
irregular on the lower whorls.

Anfr. 11 to 12 ; long. 51 J, diam. 12} mil.

12. Melania zelebori.

Melan'w zelebori, Brot, Mat. Melaniens, III, 1872, Nicolars, long. 37, diam.
8 mil.

The young sometimes show obscure, short brown dashes [or
streaks] below the suture and more or less throughout the last
whorl.

10 Katcball, Great Nicobar, and Camorta ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq^
Long. 53, diam. 16 mil. ; anf r. 4.

var. nana, nov.

2 Great Nicobar ; coll. P. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

Strongly decollate, only 3 to 4 whorls remaining — long. 29J,
diam. 10J mil.

var. solid iuscula, nov.
6 Audamans j coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

A very distinct variety, slightly decollate, 6 whorls — long.
37, diam. 11 J mil.; constantly distinguished from all the preced-
ing by its greater solidity and by the less convex whorls, espe-
cially noticeable in the last one.

13. Melania blatta.

Melania blatta, Lea, P. Zool. S. 1850, Philippines.
1 Philippines ? ; coll. Baron F, von Ricbthofen.

MELA.NIHXE. 231

14. Melania canalis.

Melania canalis, Lea, P. Zool. S. 1850, Gwmaras.

vw. lanceolata, nov.

Srot, Conch.- Cab. If,* 1878, pi. 19, fig. lla, as " M* canalis, war."
7 Cebu j coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

No signs of any longitudinal ribbing even on the upper
whorls, except on one specimen, so conspicuous a feature in
Reeve's fig. 63.

var. [? distinct species],

4 Cebu ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

Possibly the young of the preceding ; if not, of some closely
allied species. There is no trace of the broad band at the base
of the aperture so characteristic of M. canalis.

Sub-Genus STRIATELLA, Brot.

Amer. Jonrn. Conch. VI, 1871; fide Brot, Conch.- Cab. II, type
M. corporosa, Gould, and M. tuberculata, Miiller.

15. Melania (Striatella) montrouzieri.

Melania montrouzieri, Qassies, Act. Soc. Lin. Bord., 1861, pi. V, Jiff. 10,
N. Caledonia ; fide Brot, var. M. mariei, Gassies, also perhaps =
M. crepidinata, Bo. [Java~], and M. gractlina, Gld. [Tahiti].

It seems to me the New Caledonian form is scarcely separable
from the Tahitian M. gracilina.

var. mageni.

Melania mageni, Gassies, 1. c.,pl. VI, Jig. 10, N. Caledonia.

5 New Caledonia j coll. J. Caldwell, Esq.

1 New Caledonia j ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. [as <c M. sp. P "J,

Anfr. 3 ; long. 15, diam. 7J mil.

232 MELANIIDJE.

var. [? distinct sp.J.

1 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. [as " M. n. sp.? "].

Long. 25, diam. 9 mil. Possibly a large form of var. marici,
Gassies. M. Brot's pi. 24, fig. 7a, or fig. 14, gives an idea of
the variety.

16. Melania [Striatella! cylindracea.

Melania cylindracea, Mousson, Moll., Java, 1849, " Pardana," Java.

2 Java ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

17. Melania [Striatella] arthuri.

Melania arthuvii,| Brot, Anier. J. Conch. VI, 1871, for M. speciosa, Mori.
1857 [not of A. Adams, 1853] = M. moreleti, Rv. 1860 [not of
Deshayes] ; = M. exusta, Ro., fig. 74, Solomon Islands— M. gouldiana,
Rv.fig. 115, N. Caledonia=*M. maurula, Gassies [not of Reeve, fide
£rof\=M.jouani, Gassies.

I think there can be no question of the correctness of the
synonymy of this species, as established by M. Brot.

3 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq, [as " M. matheroni, Gass.]

4 New Caledonia ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

var. pseudomaurula, nov.

1 New Caledonia j coll. J. Caldwell, Esq.

18. Melania [Striatella] subexusta.

Melania subexusta, Mousson, J. de C., 1869, Ovalau, vars. persulcata and
albizonata ; fide Brot — M. albizonata, Brot, 1871, and var.=M. ova-
lana, var. kanathiana, Mousson, J. de C,, 1870.

2 Ovalau [Fiji] ; ex c. F. Layard, Esq.

19. Melania [Striatella] gracilina.

Melania gracilina, Gould, P. Soft. S. 1859, Tahiti ; fide £rot=M. incisa,
Rv.,fig. 128, Tahiti.

MELANIIDJ3. 233

vav. ? [ ? dist. sp.].
2 Tahiti [?] ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka [labelled " M. incisa "].

A very doubtful form ; I question the correctness of the
recorded locality.

20. Melania [Striatella] corporosa.

Melania corporosa, Gould, P. Bost. 8. 1847, Tahiti; fide Brot—long. 40, diam.
16 mil; and—M. tricolor, Brot, Rev.zool. 1860, Tahiti=M.ferrea, Rv.
Jig. 9, Borneo ; and Grand Hassan=M. tahitensis, Dkr. 1866, Tahiti ;
var=M. luteola, Dkr.

2 Tahiti ; ex c. Mons. Morelet.
Well represented by M. Brot's pi. 24, fig. 7.

var. luteola [?].

Melania luteola, Dunker, No vara Seise, 1866, pi. l,fig. 9, Tahiti— long. 21,
diam. 7 mil.; fide Brot, M. luteola, Dkr. = M. unicolor, Tryon, 1865,
and distinct species.

5 Tahiti ; ex c. Dr. Stoliczka.

These do not agree with any figures in M. Brot's work, but
are well represented by the above-quoted figure in the " Novara
Reise ;" they are only a little larger and with the columella
more forcibly and regularly twisted. I cannot separate this form
as M. unicolor, as M. Brot's chief characteristic for the latter,
the longitudinal ribbing on the upper whorls, is altogether
wanting; near the apex, however, the spiral striation is
minutely decussated, under the lens. Long. 30 J, diam. 10 mil. ;
anfr. 8.

21. Melania [Striatella] laxa.

Melania laxa, Mousson, J. de C., 1869, Upolu, long. 16, diam. 8 mil., anfr.
2 to 3 ; fide Brot = M. cylindroides, Baird, Voy. Curacoa, Nieue or
Savage Island ; long. 9, lat. 4% lignes.

6 Navigators' Islands ; coll. Dr. C. E. Tonnerre [A. S. B.].

Anfr. 2J ; long. 13J, diam. 7 mil. A very pretty and ap-
parently constant form.

234 MELANIID2E.

22. Melania [Striatella] scitula.

Melania scitula, Gould, P. Post. 8. 1847, Upolu, anfr. 5, " valde convexis."

var. subcylindrica, nov.
4. Navigators' Islands ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

In shape fairly resemble M. Bret's pi. 24, fig. 8 [M. unicolor,
Pease], which is possibly scarcely specially separable ; all four
show traces on the upper whorls of indistinct longitudinal ribs ;
one of 4 whorls- — long. 16J, diam. 6£, mil. — has the spiral stria-
tion of last two whorls altogether obsolete ; two others have
the last whorl smooth, and the fourth only is spirally striate,
throughout. All of them are of uniform light-green colour,
not banded.

23. Melania [Striatella] sublutosa, n. sp.

5 Gt. Nicobnr j coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

Long. 15, diam. 6TV mil. ; anfr. 3. Very strongly decollate,
an exact " miniature " of M. Brot's pi. 24, fig. 15, " M. lutosa,
Gould," from Upolu. Unfortunately I have not come across
a young specimen, so as to be able to examine the sculpture of
the upper whorls, if there be any.

24. Melania [Striatella] turriculus.

Melania turriculus, Lea, P. Zool. 8. 1850, Luzon; = M. perpinguis> Reeve
[not of Hinds'].

2 S. Palo [Luzon] j coll. E. Hungerford, Esq. [20|, 9f ; anfr. 3£].
Well represented by M. Brot's fig. 7A and Reeve's fig. 113B.

1 Locality ? ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

3 Andamans; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq. [anfr. 4f ; 1. 29£, d. 14].

One is a magnificent adult specimen, well represented by
Reeve's fig. 113 A ; the other two are young, with the spire nearly
perfect and distinct ribbed longitudinally near the apex ; all of
them have the characteristic brown "flecks" below the suture.

var. nov. [? dist. sp.].
5 Magsijiiy and S, Palo [Luzon] j coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

MELANIIOffi. 235

Dr. Hungerford sent these specimens mixed with the pre-
ceding. I think, however, they must be distinguished, as they
are of a uniform sombre coloration, without any sculpture
whatever ; they are of all stages of growth, but still are in all
cases decollated and eroded ; M. Brot's pi. 24, fig. 3A. [" M.
Jcanaiensis'^y^g. 7 [" M. corporosa"~\, and fig. 15 \_M. lutosa"~\,
well represent the form. Long. 37, diam. 15 mil. ; anfr. 3.'

25. Melania [Striatella] graeffei.'

Melnnia graeffei [Mousson'], Brot, Conch.- Cab. II, 1877, Fiji, and of Cat.
Mus. Godeffroy ; = M. lutosa, Gld., var., Motisson, J. de C., 1869.

1 Ovalau ; ex c. F. Layard, Esq. [labelled "M. costata"].

26. Melania [Striatella] newcombi.

Melania newcombi, Lea, P. Acad. PMlad., 1856, Oahu ; = M. oafiuensis,
Brot [as of Pease] ; var. = M, contigua, Pease, Am. J. Con. 1870,
Kanai, — long. 28, diam. 9 mil.

6 Sandwich Islands; coll. H. Pease, Esq., and Prof. W. Newcorab.

27. Melania [Striatella] unifasciata.

Melania uuifasciata, Mousson, Moll. Java, 1849.
20 Java ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen.

Very variable, as regards sculpture ; some have distinct
longitudinal sculpture near the apex, which in others is almost
or altogether obsolete ; there are 1 to 3 spiral, incised striae on
the lower portion of each of the last few whorls. The basal
band is less distinctly marked than in Mousson's figure, — indeed,
generally not visible at all within the aperture. A single
specimen is of a uniform dark-violet colour ; several are slightly
maculated with brown ; these resemble very closely M. tigrina,
Button.

var. [? dist. sp.].

2 Badulla, Ceylon ; coll. P. Layard, Esq.

Anfr. 6 ; long. 13J, diam. 4£ mil. Sent to me as " Melania
n. sp. ?" ; almost smooth, traces of sculpture only being here
and there discernible ; basal band round the columella very
broad and distinct, otherwise of a purplish-brown uniform
coloration.

236 MELANIID^E.

28. Melania [Striatella] recta.

Melania recta, Lea, P. Zool. S. 1850, Siquijor'. and Negros — long. 1. 7,
diam. 0'5 poll.

3 Cebu; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. [36, 12].

29. Melania [Striatella] nevilli.

Melania nevillei, Brot, Conch.- Cab. II, 1874, pi. 22, Jig. 13 — long. 38,
diam. 11 mil,, anfr. 6-7 ; for M. andamanica, G. Neoill, ms. " in coll."
Andamans.

6 Camorta [?] ; coll. P. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

A close ally of M. nicobarica, constantly, however, distin-
guished by the almost cylindrical instead of more or less convex
whorls, the upper ones not abruptly attenuate, and the last one
not tumidly swollen; the sculpture is very similar, but the
markedly more strongly incised spiral striation at the base
whorls appears to be characteristic.

var. andamanica, nov'. [vel M. andamanica, n. sp. ?].

Possibly a distinct species, though at present, I believe, it is
correctly classed as a local variety of M. nevilli. It is at once
distinguished by the upper three or four whorls being invari-
ably longitudinally ribbed, the ribs being not at all prominent
and slightly but distinctly arcuate ; quite young specimens
show this ribbing throughout, the ribs only becoming obsolete
on the lower portion of the last whorl. Generally but slightly
decollate, eight whorls remaining ; covered with a rust-brown
coating, beneath which the shell is light green, irregularly and
very slightly spotted with brown below the suture ; throughout
spirally striated ; a single specimen only has this spiral sculpture
obsolete on the central portion of the last two to three whorls.
The majority of specimens are smallerthan type figure of H. nevilli,
and have the last two whorls increasing much more rapidly in
breadth, in this more resembling M. Brot's pi. 22, figure 8B ;
the last whorl is, however, never convexly swollen as in M.
nicobarica.

20 Andamans; coll. Colonel Ford, Dr. J. Anderson, &c.

subvar. semilsevigata, nov.
1 Andamans ; coll. Colonel Ford.

MELANIID.E. 237

subvar. appressa, nov.

8 Andainans; coll. Dr. J. Anderson, &c.

The last two whorls are contracted much as in typical M .
nevilli.

30. Melania [Striatella] nicobarica.
Melanin nicobarica [ Morch~\, Reeve, Con. Icon. 1859, Nicobars.

20 Katchall, &c., Nicobars; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq., and Dr.

F. Stoliczka.
22 S. Andamans; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq., and Dr. F. Stoliczka.

subvar. canaliculata, nov.

The infra-sutural shelf is sometimes as sharply defined as in
Reeve's figure of M. cochlidium; one specimen, indeed, has it
developed on the three last whorls.

10 Nicobars; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.
13 S. Andaman ; coll. F. A. de Koepstorff, Esq.

subvar. gigantea.

Anfr. 4 ; long. 43, diam. 17 mil.

1 Camorta ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

10 S. Andaman; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

var. fusiformis, nov.

2 S. Andaman ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

Well distinguished by its produced and f usiform'shape ; the
whorls increase regularly and are more convex than those of
the type form, in which the upper whorls are abruptly and con.
tractedly attenuate, the lower ones increasing rapidly in size,
especially the last, which is always very tumid. In var. fusi-
formis, on the contrary, it is only a trifle more swollen than
the preceding one. More solid and of brighter coloration ; sculp-
ture rather less distinct.

Anfr. 9 ; long. 32J, diam. 9 mil.

var. [ ? dist. species].
6 " Nicobars " [?] ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

238 MELANIID.E.

This locality requires confirmation. I believe it to be al-
together distinct from Mel. nicobarica, but place it here tempo-
rarily until the exact locality is authenticated. It is of a light
green colour, obscurely spotted with brown below the suture ;
whorls much more convexly rounded, columella being corre-
spondingly twisted back ; the apical whorls are less numerous
and less attenuate, spiral striation less regularly and deeply
incised, altogether or almost obsolete on the upper portions of
the last few whorls ; under a lens the first few are minutely
decussated in the interstices. It appears also to be closely
allied to a form found by Baron v. Bichthofen, which I have
recorded as M. cerea, Bv. var.

var. perstriatula, uov.

10 Andamans [?] ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

The last two whorls are throughout regularly and evenly,
finely spirally striated.

31. Melania [Striatella] crebra.

Melania crebra, Reeve, Con. Icon., 1860, jig. 162, Q-uimaras ; var. from
Nicolars, Brot, pi. 33, fig. 2, as of Sect. Tarebia.

12 Preparis Island [Bay of Bengal] ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka, and J. Wood-
Mason, Esq.

I think it possible M. Brot's pi. 27, fig. 1A may represent
one of these specimens. Dr. Stoliczka sent some specimens to
the dealer Landauer. Long. 35, diam. llf mil.

1 S. Andaman ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.
30 Naucowri aud Katchall [Nicobars] ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

A smaller form, the largest— long. 31J, diam. 10J, in shape
well represented by pi. 27, figs. 2 and 2 A, 1. c., the M. zengana,
Mor., from Zanzibar. Specimens are often curiously contorted,
like some species of Eulima and as well shown in the above
fig. 2A. The sculpture is much more prominently developed,
more uniform, otherwise not unlike that of fig. 1A, 1. c.
Brot's pi. 33, fig. 2, evidently represents one of this form,
although the sculpture of the last whorl is more conspicuous
than in my specimens. I consider this species as very closely
allied to M. tuberculata.

1 South Andaman [?] ; coll. P. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.
Long. 29 1, diam. 9f mil.

MELANIID^J. 239

subvar. emaciata.

12 Katchall and Nancowri ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

Long. 28|, diam. 9 mil. Besides the more contracted whorls,
the coloration is darker and the longitudinal sculpture less
developed.

32. Melania [Striatella] tuberculata.

Nerita tuberculata, Miiller, Hist. Verm. 1774, Coromandel ; var. = M.
rodericensis, Smith, Ann. Mag. XPII, 1876, Rodriguez, long. 16,
diam. 5, and var. major, I. 23, d. 7 mil.

M. Brot seems to imply, 1. c., page 250, that the Nile form is
the typical one ; this is erroneous. The exceedingly common
Madras form is clearly pointed out by Miiller. It does not
appear to be figured by M. Brot ; the Con. Indica, pi. 75, figs. 1
and 4, give a good idea of it. M. Brot is altogether mistaken
in his views as to M. tigrina, Hutton, and M. pyramis, Benson,
which are perfectly correctly identified and excellently figured
by Mr. Hanley on plate 110 of the Con. Indica.

6 Pulla River, near Cuddapa ; ex c. Madras Museum.
12 Cuddapa [Madras Pres.] ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. «

2 Poona ; coll. Dr, F. Stoliczka.

5 Bangalore; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [28, 9f].
50 Madras ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka, H. F. Blanf ord and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

Sometimes with, but oftener without, a broad brown band,
quite at the base of the last whorl ; occasionally without any
brown markings whatever.

5 "Laggalle" [ubi?] ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
12 " Borneo " [? ?] ; ex c. Madras Museum.
50 Calcutta; coll. G. Nevill and J. B. Baxter, Esqrs.

1 Bombay ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
20 Rajputana ; coll. C. A. Racket, Esq.

A lanceolate, compressed, almost colourless form, with much
developed spiral sculpture.

11 Derbund and Kutch; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

Something like the preceding, but more richly coloured.

12 Mahe, Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

A rather small, not decollated, form which it is impossible to
separate from Indian specimens even as a sub- variety.

24<0 MELANIID^E.

Long. 22, diam. 7 mil.

7 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill [24, 91 and J. Caldwell, Esqrs.

2 Rodriguez ; coll. J. Caldwell, Esq.

Doubtless the insufficiently described M. rodericensis of
Smith.

3 Poona; coll. Rev. J. B. Fairbank [36, 11£].

6 " Calcutta " [?] ; ex c. Asiatic Soc., Bengal [anfr. 5 -, 34, 12].

A giant, strongly decollated form ; more or less subgranulose,
especially discernible in the young.

20 Chandernagore ; coll. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring.

This is the form I take to be the If. pyramis of Benson, as also
are the two following.

4 Kathiawar ; coll. F. Fedden, Esq.

8 Locality ? ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczku.

3 Colombo ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

A form with an acutely produced spire and contracted, short,
convex whorls, very different from var. layardi. It is of course
not the ypung form of the latter, which I know perfectly well.

8 Chandernagore and Rajmahal ; coll. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring.
20 Raniganj ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
14 Barak River, Cacbar and Roorkee ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.

Undoubtedly true typical Melania pyramis of Benson, as
correctly figured in the Con. Indica, pi. 110, fig. 3 ; the Mel.
pyramis of Brot is quite different.

4 Bimlipatam [?] ; coll. J. Wood- Mason, Esq.
The typical form of Miiller.

6 Locality ? ; ex c. Asiatic Soc., Bengal

Very possibly, original typical specimens of M. pyramis from
Mr. Benson ?

Long. 34, diam. 12f mil. ; anfr. 5.
4 Locality ? ; ex c. Asiatic Soc., Bengal.

Exactly represented by Con. Indica, pi. 120, fig. 3, probably
typical specimens from either Hutton or Benson.

MELANIID^l. 241

Long. 23|, diam. 8 mil.
3 Ceylon ; coll. E. L. Layard, Esq. [A. S. B.].

var. subcanaliculata, nov. [? dist. sp.].

3 Silhouette, Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

The nearest figure I know in M. Brot's work is pi. 27, fig, 1
[" M. pyramis "]. It also agrees fairly with his description, but
cannot, I think, be Benson's Indian form, which is undoubtedly
the one figured in the Con. Indica.

The last whorl is slightly subangulate, instead of convex, the
apical longitudinal sculpture distinct, coloration sombre, suture
slightly canaliculate.

Long. 29, diam. 9 mil. ; anfr. 7.

var. canaliculata, nov. [? dist. sp.].

7 Locality ? ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

Unfortunately, there was no label with these most interest-
ing specimens. Resembling the preceding, but the spire more
produced, the whorls more planulate, the last whorl more
compressed, longitudinal ribbing more developed, coloration
brighter.

Long. 28J, diam. 8J mil. ; anfr. 8.

1 Shan States [?]; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka [44*, 13 J],

var. plicifera.

Mousson, Moll. Java, 1849, p. 73, pi, XI, fig. 7.
4 Java ; coll. Baron F. von Richthof en.

A smaller form than the type figure, with less produced,
shorter, and more convex whorls, bearing some resemblance to
var. pyramis.

var. subcrebra, iiov.

2 Bandarewella, Ceylon ; coll. F. Layard, Esq.

242 MELANIIDJE.

Sent to tne as " M. tuberculata, var." It is a very interesting
subgranulose variety, approaching M. crebra, Lea ; of a uniform
straw colour ; spire not much produced ; last whorl convex.

Long. 22, diam. 7f mil. ; anfr. 6-7.

var. layardi.

Melania layardi, Dokrn, P. Zool. 8. 1858, Ceylon.

5 Ceylon; coU. E. L. Layard, Esq. [A. S. B.].
16 Colombo and Balapiti ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
16 Kandy ; coU. G. Nevill, Esq.

Fine specimens of the typical form of M. layardi.
12 Kandy; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

Living with the preceding, separable by the more or less
well developed, longitudinal sculpture ; the whorls seem as a
rule more convexly swollen. Can this be a sexual difference ?

1 Kandy; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

A remarkable, attenuate and contracted, " depauperate "
specimen. Longitudinal ribbing distinct.

5 Kandy; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq.

5 S. Canara ; coll. Colonel E. H. Beddome.

The first specimens, I believe, of this very characteristic
variety described from Continental India. They are a very
fine form — long. 33, diam. lOf mil. — 7 whorls.

var. tamsii.

Melania tamsii, Dohrn, Zeits. Mai, 1845, S. Antao.

6 S. Anta6 and S. Nicolau [Cape de Verde Islands] ; coll. Dr. H.

Dohru.

var. tigrina [? dist. sp.].

Melania tigrina, Hutton, J. A. S. £., 1849, Afghanistan, and Pinjore below
Simla, $c., Con. Indica, pi. 110, figs. 1-2 \bene~].

Quetta [Beluchistan] ; coll. Captain F. W. Hutton [A. S. B.].

MELANIID.E. 243

Typical, original specimens of M. tigrina. Remarkable for
the canaliculate suture and convexly tumid last whorl ; very
solid, strongly truncated, &c.

15 Mandi ; coll. A. G. Young, Esq.
12 Mandi ; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

Well represented by the Con. Indica, pi. 110, fig. 2 ; several
specimens show a tendency to canaliculation of the suture.

subvar. [?].
6 Salt Range, Rajputana ; coll. C. A. Hacket, Esq.

Long. 36 J, diam. 11 J mil. ; anfr. 9. A fine, solid form, with
peculiarly impressed suture ; regularly, though somewhat super-
ficially, spirally striated, apical whorls only subobsoletely,
longitudinally striated ; light green, mottled with brown macula-
tions.

var. [? dist. sp.].

?£rot. Conch.- Cab. II, pi. 26, Jiff. 4 A [not Jiff. 4], as M. adspersa,
Troschel.

1 Moulmein ; coll. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

A very remarkable form and brightly coloured, the last
whorl shortly subangulate, aperture everted ; spirally striate,
without longitudinal sculpture, columella perpendicular, ab-
ruptly angled at base ; anfr. 6J ; long. 26^, diam. lOy1^ mil.

2 Locality ? ; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka [32£, 11 j.

Probably from Burma. None of these agree with the Shan
States form figured in the Con. Indica, pi. 110, fig. 4.

var. orissaensis, nov.

1 Cuttack, Orissa ; coll. J. Caldwell, Esq.

A remarkable form ; spire short, with ventricose whorls,
substance thick, coloration uniform green (or almost so),
longitudinal ribbing remarkably developed, even on the last
whorl.

Long. 25, diam. 9 [vix] mil.

244 MELANIID.E.

var. cochinchinensis, nov.

1 Cochin China ; ex c. P. BouVier, Esq.

Long. 34, diam. 11 mil. ; very like the preceding, spire more
produced, and longitudinal sculpture obsolete on the last whorl.
It is not the M.pyramis, Phil., or If. gemmulata, Rv. Possibly,
it may be the species recorded under that name by Morelet,
Ser. Conch. IV.

var. chinensis, nov.

3 Swatow ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.
Long. 25, diam. 10 mil. ; anfr. 5.

Some resemblance to M. Brot's pi. 14, fig. 1, his M. hanleyi
from " India " ; it differs from the following sub variety by its
more everted aperture and by the columella not being bent
back.

4 Yomati, opposite Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

Anfr. 5 ; long. 28, diam. 9|. Fairly represented by M. Brot's
pi. 26, fig. 11F, from " Mauritius and Madagascar." The only
difference I can see is the spirally twisted columella and some-
what brighter coloration.

8 Anioy ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.
With the longitudinal sculpture more or less obsolete.

var. dembeana.

Melania dembea, Reeve, Con. Icon., 1860, fig. 161, Lake Dembea [Abyssinia].
14 " Aimlat, Samhar," Abyssinia ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

subvar. luteomarginata.

30 Beluchistan j coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

Long. 37J, diam. 13 mil.

2 Kalagan -, coll. Museum Collector.

subvar. flavida, nov.

60 Pishin, &c., Beluchistan ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

16 Kalagan and Karinan, S. E. Persia j coll. Museum Collector.

MELAN1IDJ!. 245

var. myadoungensis, nov.

20 Myadoung, Upper Burma ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

A very distinct form, remarkable for its " terebra-like " pro-
duced spire, its contracted or appressed whorls (especially
the last) ; the spiral, undulating sculpture is more acutely
prominent than in any form I know ; all the whorls, except the
last, have a light longitudinal ribbing as well ; of a light
yellowish-green colour, prettily marbled with brown. Anfr.
8 ; long. 27|, diam. 7T9Q- mil.

No figure in M. Brot's work gives an idea of it — pi. 26,
fig. 11A, being the nearest ; pi. 74, fig. 1 of the Con. Indica
resembles it, only the last whorl is too ventricose, &c.

subvar. subplicifera.

7 Myadoung ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

A form nearer Reeve's fig. 109B. ; distinguished from the
preceding by the more developed longitudinal sculpture
throughout.

var. fasciolata.

Melania fasciolata, Olivier, Toy. Emp. Oth., 1807, pi. 31, Jig. 7, Alexandrie.

20 " Highest point of the Desert, at Helouan, 15 miles south of Cairo ;"
coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

Bleached, with a subfossil appearance.
Long. 24, diam. 7 mil.

3 Constantino ; ex c. Colonel Beddome.

3 Biskra j coll. P. Joly, Esq.

subvar. gigantea, nov.

4 Ouarglg, [Desert south of Algiers] ; coll. P. Joly, Esq.
Decollate — anfr. 8 ; long. 41, diam. 14 mil.
Bleached, with a subfossil appearance.

var. judaica.

Melania judaica, Roth, Malac. Bldt., 1855, Dead Sea.
20 Sea of Galilee ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

246

var. pseudo-truncatula, nov.

Erot, Conch.-Cab., II, 1874, pi. 26, fig. 11F.

4 Mauritius ; coll. J. Caldwell, Esq.
12 Bourbon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

Ecsemble fairly M. Brot's above-quoted figure; rather
smaller.

1 Locality ? ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

A remarkable form, perhaps distinct.

var. appressa, nov.

2 Mauritius j coll. J. Caldwell, Esq.

Much contracted, spire elongately drawn out, columella
characteristically twisted backwards, very slightly decollate j
long. 29J, diam. 9 mil.

No longitudinal sculpture, the spiral keels acute.

33. Melania [S trial ella] gemmulata.

Melania gemmulata, Reeve, Icon., 1859, fig. 86, Hab. ?
2 West Indies ? ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

34. Melania [Striatella] fontinalis.l

Melania fontinalis, Philippi, Abb. Ill, 1851, " Pulo Pinang, in aqueeducti-
bus" [not of Brof].

6 Penang; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

Anfr. 6; long. 26, diam. 9J mil. Throughout irregularly
and acutely, spirally striate, striae markedly more prominent
towards the apex, without any longitudinal sculpture either in
the adult or young forms. Of very sombre, uniform color-
ation ; rather strongly decollate. Spire more produced ; whorls
less convex than in Philippi's figure: M. Brot figures as
M. fontinalis some quite different species, longitudinally promi-
nently ribbed — a character that exists neither in Philippi's de-
scription nor figure. I fancy it will prove not separable from the
Javanese M. rivularis, which Philippi, indeed, himself suggested;
my specimens, indeed, in shape more nearly resemble his figure
of the latter. M. rivularis is united by M. Brot to M. tuber-

MELANIIDJ).

culata; though very closely allied, I consider them perhaps
separable. It is also very near M. nevilli, Brot.

subspecies malayana.

M. tuberculata, var. malayana, Issel, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, VI, 1874—
long. 13 ?, lot. 6 mil.) Sarawak ; fide Brot, distinct species.

6 Sarawak [typical] ; coll. Prof. A. Issel.

Not at all like M. Brot's fig. 5, fairly represented by his 5 A.,
perhaps, the real M. gemmulata of Reeve. The thick substance,
plannlate whorls, and developed longitudinal sculpture seem
the best characteristics of the form.

35. Melania [Striatella] rivularis.

Melania rivularis, PUlippi, Abb. II, pi. IV, jig. 6, 1847, Java.
20 Andamans ; coll. F. A. de Boepstorff, Esq.

Long. 19f , diam. 6| ; anfr. 7.

Perhaps scarcely separable from subspecies fontinalis, Phi-
,lippi. Some of the above exactly resemble the type figure.

1 Java ; coll. Baron F. von Richthof en.

var. subunifascialis, nov. [? dist. sp.].

2 Andamans [type var.] ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

A very remarkable form; will perhaps prove specifically separ-
able. I should have classed it as a var. of M. unifascialis,
Mousson, from Java, but for the entire absence of longitudinal
sculpture and the rather more convex upper whorls ; the spiral
striation is more or less obsolete on the upper portion of the
whorls, imparting a very characteristic appearance to the shell ;
basal band round the columella not visible within the aperture.
Long. 19, diam. 6 mil. ; anfr. 8|.

36. Melania [Striatella] commersoni.

Melania commersoni, Morelet, Ser. Conch. II, Nov. 1860, Madagascar —
long, 35, diam. 11 mil. ; fide Crosse from Rodriguez.

4 Mauritius ; coll. J. Caldwell, Esq.
14 Bourbon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

248 MELANIID^J.

Long. 28, diam. 10| mil. ; anfr. 6J.
Not unlike Troschel's Mel. adspersa.

var. minor [? M. tuberculata, var.].
10 Mahe, Seychelles; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

A small, strongly decollate form, without longitudinal sculp-
ture ; appears to me fairly intermediate between the small,
truncated Mauritian variety of M. tuberculata and typical
M. commersoni.

Sub-Genus MELANOIDES, H. & A. Adams.

Gen. Moll. I, page 296, 1854, type [ as figured} Mel. asperata, Lam., as
Genus Melanioides, Olivier.

I am unable to accept this section as of Olivier, in which case
the type could evidently only be Mel. tuberculata, Mull. [=fas-
ciolata, Oliv.'] ; I cannot find the word "Melanioides" in Olivier ;
and Ferussac in his Tabl. syst. merely mentions a *' Melanoide,
Olivier." Messrs. Adams included Mel. tuberculata in this
subgenus, but M. Brot rightly, as I consider, separates it.

37. Melania [Melanoides] reevei.

Melania reevei, Brot, Mater. 1, 1862,; =M. lalteata, Rv.[not Philippi] =
M. goliath, Hanley, Con. Indica, pi. 72, Jig. 3 ; var. =M. herculaa,
var., Srot, Mat. II, pi. 3, fig. 3 ; fide Hanley [not Bro£]juv. ? =M,
Tiumerosa, Gld., P. Bost. S. 1840, "ManJco, Tavoy," long. 1%, diam. \poll.

5 Pegu ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

Agree exactly with Con. Indica, pi. 72, fig. 3. Anfr. 4 ; long.
66|, diam. 32f mil.

3 Myadoung; coll. Dr. J. Anderson [39, 16$].

Apparently not quite adult ; perhaps will prove a distinct, new
variety.

var. lanceolata, nov.

Con, Indica, pi. 153, fig. 1, Burma.

M. Brot considers this the young state ; I am inclined to think
it an adult and very constant form.

MELANIIDJ2. 249

Long. 63, diam. 22f mil.

20 Mandalay ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.
1 Henzada, Pegu ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
1 Thyet Myo ; coll. R. Htingerford, Esq. [?].

This specimen should perhaps rather be classed in the typical
form than in my var. lanceolata. Long. 57|, diam. 23f mil. ;
eroded.

A somewhat similar form from Henzada exists also in Mr.
H. F. Blanford's collection.

var. imbricata.

Hanley, Con. Indica, pi. 153, Jig. 4 [Hal. ? ].

1 Henzada ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
13 Yaylaymaw; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

In quite young specimens, the " imbricated " sculpture can
scarcely be detected. Long. 65, diam. 25 mil. There are very
fine specimens of this var. from Henzada in Mr. H. F. Blanford's
collection, exactly resembling Brot's pi. 11, fig. 4A.

21 Thongyeen [Tenasserim Prov.} ; coll. R. Hungerf ord, Esq.

Long. 49, diam. 24| mil.

Strongly decollate, only three whorls remaining; excavated
below the suture ; longitudinal ribs obsolete on last whorl,
strongly developed on the other two ; in shape it closely resem-
bles the typical form.

var. SOliduSGUla, nov.

Brot, Conch.-Cal. II, pi. 13, Jiff. 6, as " M. reveei \Juv. ] "; M. tbeolaldi,
B. ms. in coll. H. F. Blanford.

10 Pegu [spec, juv.] ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
4 Noung-ben-Ziek; ex c. Asiatic Soc., Bengal.

M. Brot's above-quoted figure is not, as he supposes, a repre-
sentation of the young of the typical jform, which is altogether
different ; it is a nearly adult specimen of this very distinct
variety, which is solid and light-yellow coloured ; a quite young
specimen having a single broad brown belt on the middle of the
last whorl.

Long. 48, diam. 18 mil.

250 MELANIID^J.

var. [? M. humerosa, Gould].
1 Ataran [Tenasserim Prov.] ; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

The whorls are markedly more convex in this specimen, and
the spiral sculpture subobsoletely, but less unequally developed.

Long 44 J, diam. 17f ; not decollate. Gould compares his
species with M. intermedia, Busch.

38. Melania [Melanoides] tourannensis.

Melania tourannensis, Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, 1852, Touranne, long. 51, diam.
21 mil., decollate, 4 whorls.

Unlike M. Brot, I consider the deflection of the columellar
margin as an important character of this species; his pi. 11,
fig. 3b, and pi. 14, fig. 2, may be compared.

var. gloriosa.

Melania gloriosa, Anthony, Amer. J. Conch., I, 1865, Pegu.
6 Saudoway District, Arakan ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

I have never seen as fine a specimen as that represented
in the Con. Indica, pi. 72, fig. 2 ["Bassein "] ; these Sandoway
ones are intermediate between the above-quoted figure and
fig. 6. Long. 66, diam. 30^ mil.

var. peguensis [ ? dist. sp.].

Melania peguensis, [Anthony"], Hanley, Con. Indica, pi. 72, Jig. 6.

2 Henzada, Pegu [typical of var.] ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka [72; 26|].

Almost seems to me specifically separate. Besides the different
shape of the whorls and aperture, the entire absence of the spiral
sculpture of the typical form is very characteristic.

var. compacta, nov.

2 Henzada, Pegu ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
Long. 63|, diam. 23| mil. ; decollate, of 5 whorls.

This is the form nearest typical M. tourannensis, from which
it principally differs by not possessing the excavation below the
suture. It is a still smaller and more compact variety than var.
peguensis, with the spiral striae at base of last whorl very dis-

MELANIID^!. 251

tinct, much as in typical M. gloriosa, but more crowded ; like
the typical form, it is throughout regularly, though indistinctly,
spirally striate. There are three specimens also in the collection
of Mr. H. F. Blanford, and on the same tablet, presumedly
from the same locality, " Henzada," a single specimen of M.
reevei. It is very interesting to find the two species living
together ; this occurrence is confirmed by the specimens from
Dr. Stoliczka's collection, wherein 1 found the two above-record-
ed specimens and a young M. reevei mixed together.

var. beddomeana, nov. [? dist. sp.].

5 Near Moulmein ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome.

An exceedingly interesting form. Long. 44, diam. 17| mil. ;
slightly decollate, of five whorls. Closely resembles the preceding
in shape of the whorls and spiral striation at base of last whorl ;
relatively even more solid ; appears to be perfectly smooth
throughout, with the exception of the above-mentioned basal
striation.

39. Melania [Melanoides] herculaea.

Melania herculaea, Gould, P. £ost. 8.11,1846, Tavoy River; Con. Indie a,
pi, 72, fig. 5, and var. sowerlyi, Ranley, 1. c., pi. 109, jig. 7 ; var. —M.
julieni, Brot.

50 Near Moulmein [Tenasserim Prov.] ; coll. Baron P. von Richthofen
and Herr 0. Limborg.

The largest — long. 81^, diam. 33 mil.

Prof. Brot apparently does not know this species, as he con-
fuses it with a mere local race of Mel. variabilis ; this he figures,
pi. X, fig. 1, as "typical" Mel. herculcea. On the same plate,
fig. b, he figures a young specimen of the true Mel. herculcea,
and remarks quite correctly that it is the M. hercucela, var.
sowerbyi, of the Con. Indica. Moreover, he redescribes, most
excellently, a local form of it as a new species — M. julieni, Des-
hayes, MS., from Tonkin.

40. Melania [Melanoides] variabilis.

Melania variabilis, Benson, J. Asiat. S., V., 1836, " Ev. Gumti and Tolly's
nullah near Calcutta," and figured Gleanings Science, II, pi. 7,
fiy. 1;=M. varicosa, Troschel, 1837, Ganges; var. = Mel. suma-
trensis, Brot, 1874 Sumatra and Java, and M. Irookei, Reeve,

Benson, 1. c., " Testa elongato-turrita solida olivacea vel picea,
sub epidermide albida ; anfractibus convexis transverse liratis,

252 MELANIIDJE.

longitudinaliter striatis et costatis ; costulis anfractus ultimi,
superne nodulosis ; apice plerumque truncate ; suturis excavatis ;
apertura intus violacea, columellae quasi sinuata."

Also snbvar., Benson, 1. c., as var. A. from Calcutta. " An-
fractuum inferiorum liris elevatis, nodulis elevatioribus."

The common typical Lower Bengal form is also the M.
varicosa of Troschel ; it is well represented by the Con. Indica,
pi. 109, fig. 2 [" Calcutta "] and M. Brot's pi. 10, fig. 1 d.
I do not believe the specimen figured by Eydoux and Souleyet
really came from the Ganges.

100 Calcutta, Pt. Canning &c. ; ex c. Asiatic Soc., Bengal, J. B.Baxter,

and G. Nevill, Esqrs.
1 Locality ? ; ex c. Karachi Museum.
1 Kissengunj : ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

Benson's original figure was, I suspect, taken from a specimen
from this locality.

subvar. aspera.

Hanley, Con. Indica, pi. 109, Jiff. 6, and Benson, I. c., var. A. Calcutta.

Exceedingly close to Mousson's Mel. infracostata from Java.

16 Calcutta; coll. G, Nevill, Esq.

1 Calcutta; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

subvar. cincta.
Hanley, Con. Indica, pi. 109, fig. 5, Assam.

3 "India " ; ex c. Madras Museum.

2 Raniganj ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

Interesting specimens, the ribs showing a strong tendency
to become " spinose," as in If. episcopalis, Lea..

30 Calcutta ; ex c, Asiatic Soc., Bengal, and G. Nevill, Esq.

subvar. subtuberculata.

4 Calcutta ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

Aperture relatively very small, almost round; last two
whorls with scarcely any sculpture.

Long. 36, diam. 12J mil.

MELANIID2B. 253

subvar.

6 Assam ; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

7 Bliootan ; ex c. Dr. Stoliczka.

5 Teria Ghat j ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

subvar. subspinosa.
5 Tank opposite Bengal Club, Calcutta ; coll. Gr. Nevill, Esq.

var. infracostata.

Melania infracostata, Mousson, Moll., Java, 1849, pi. 10, fig. 3.
3 Java ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen.

Unfortunately not adult. Two are the young of a form
resembling that represented in Mousson's Moll., Java, pi. 10,
fig. 4 [as " M. varicosa, Troschel "], — the whorls having longi-
tudinal, distant ribs, on one specimen ; these are quite obsolete on
the last whorl, which, however, has a few spiral striae below the
suture ; the third specimen shows similar longitudinal ribbing
on the upper whorls, but the last whorl is spirally decussately
striated, exactly as in the above-quoted figure of Mousson.

var. subvaricosa, nov.

14 Arakan and Pegu [?] ; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

Long. 65|, diam. 24 mil.

Reeve's fig. 10 A, " M. corrugata, Lamarck, India, &c.," may,
perhaps, represent this form, though it has the semi-nodulose
sculpture a little more developed. M. Brot's pi. 10, fig. la,
is close, but doubtfully identical ; unfortunately, as in many
other instances, he does not record the exact locality. The
present form is more decollate, the ribs are straighter, a trifle
further apart and more developed. The only figure that well
represents it is that of the Voy. Bonite, pi. 31, figs. 11-12,' la
" Melania - indienne " from the Granges, = Melania varicosa,
Troschel, in text, 1. c., not M. indica. Soul., as stated by Brot,
a name I cannot find in the Voy. Bonite. There seems to be a
gradual transition to the M. episcopalis. Lea, which lives in the
same neighbourhood.

10 Near Sibsagar ; coll. S. E. Peal, Esq.

With sculpture not unlike that of M. infracostata, Mousson.
It is, I think, the form figured by Brot, pi. 10, fig. Ic.

10 Near Sibsagar, Namtsik River, and Samaguting ; coll. S. E. Peal, Esq.

254- MELANIID^E.

Longitudinally, somewhat indistinctly ribbed, ribs flexuous,
not, so far as I can see, decussated by any transverse lyrae.

10 Kusiyara Rv., &c., Sylhefc ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.
3 Sudiya, near Darjiliug ; coll. Colonel G. B. Maiuwaring.

Unfortunately not adult, so that I am unable to feel sure of
having correctly classified the form.

var. semilsevigata, nov.

Benson, J. A, 8. B., 1836, as M. varidbilis, var. D. Sylhet [ex c. A. S. B.] j
Brot, Conch.- Cab. II, 1874, pi. 13, fig. 1, as " M. sumatrensis, Brut,

Long. 56, diam. 24J mil. ; four whorls remaining.

Var. D. Benson, I.e., " Anfractuum superiorum costulis obso.
letis, ultimi et peimltimi liris trans versis «ostulis longitudi-
nalibusque superne serie duplici nodulosis."

A very interesting form, admirably described by Benson,
moderately decollated, upper whorls perfectly smooth, last two
girt with a double row of prominent regular nodules, more or
less subobsoletely spirally striate at base of last whorl, one rib
about the centre [starting from top of the aperture] always
prominent, the two rows of nodules are joined by longitudinal
ribs, more or less obsolete ; the above described sculpture of
the two last whorls is sometimes nearly or partially obsolete ;
in not a single specimen do I find traces of sculpture on the
upper whorls. Brot's above-quoted figure is a fair representa-
tion of the form ; in shape it is exactly the same. Cachar speci-
mens are more decollate, have the sculpture terminating even
more abruptly, nodules a little more distinct ; it is very inter-
esting to find this characteristic variety repeating itself, if I
may use the expression, in Sumatra. I need scarcely say
M. Brot's other figures of his M. sumatrensis (except his pi. 13,
fig. Ib, which may be the young) represent widely different
forms.

15 Cachar and Sylhet [type var.] ; ex c. Asiatic Soc., Bengal.

The M. infracostata, Mousson, from Java and M. Irookei
from Borneo may possibly all prove to belong to this variety,
as mere local races ; slight differences in sculpture of the last
two whorls being their only distinguishing features, apparently.

30 Doarbund, Silcuri, Cachar ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.

.MELANIID.E. 255

var. hainesiana.

Melania haiuesiana, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., PTiilad., 1856, and Observ.,
pi. 22, fig. 18, India ; Benson, J. A. 8. J3., 1836, pi. 746, as M. variabilis,
var. C.from Sylhet,

Benson, 1. c. " Laevis liris costulisque obsoletis, anfractus
ultimi medio subcarinato, adulti nodulis humeralibus frugal iter
sparsis." This form is not figured in the Con. Indica, or in
Reeve ; Brot merely gives a copy of Lea's figure, and that a bad
one, as he makes the basal sulcations far too developed. Lea, in
his description, notes that " one of his younger specimens has a
disposition to indistinct folds towards the apex."

8 Khasi Hills, N. Cachar -, coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen.

Agree exactly wifch original figure, which is, however, that
of a not quite adult specimen.

1 Dihiri Hill [Brahmaputra watershed] ; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-
Austen.

Less characteristic and nearer typical M. variabilis ; subobsolete
longitudinal ribbing being distinctly traceable, the last whorl
less distinctly angulate, and the spire more produced.

16 Tezpore and Gowhatty [Assam] ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka, &c.

Spire produced, longitudinal ribbing almost or altogether
obsolete, basal sulcation subobsolete ; a single specimen is very
interesting, showing the transition to my var. semilcevigata,
there being five small, but distinct, nodules behind the outer
lip, midway between the peripheral keel and the suture.

1 Sibsagar j coll. S. E. Peal, Esq.

Like the above Tezpore specimens, but the last two or three
whorls are biangulate, or rather bi-carinate.

4 Sylhet ; ex c. Asiatic Soc., Bengal [? typical M. variabilis— var. C.
of Bs.].

One of these is also bicarinate on the last whorl.

2 Gowhatty ; coll. Museum Collector.

3 Naga Hills ; coll. A. W. Chennell, Esq.
16 Gowhatty ; coll. Museum Collector.

This is the most distinct and interesting form of the variety
that I have seen ; it is of unusually thick substance, not de-
collate ; spire peculiarly short, of 10 whorls ; uniform bright

256

green, the extreme young only showing two basal brown bands ;
distinctly angulate at the periphery, basal sulcations rather
more distinct than usual ; nearly smooth, but subobsolete sculp-
ture can be traced here and there ; outer lip above strongly
deflected, at base acuminately pointed, much as in M. reevei;
both this and subvar. fasciata from Bhootan are probably
transition forms to M. reevei, Brot.

Long. 44, diam. 18 mil.

subvar. fasciata.

4 Bhootan ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

This may prove an altogether distinct variety. Decollate,
of four whorls only, long. 33, diam. 17 mil. Quite adult, with
a somewhat indistinct brown band in the middle of the whorls,
two at base ; substance rather thin, outer lip not acutely
angled at base, although angled at the periphery ; no tendency to
possess a raised keel there, as is often the case.

subspecies episcopalis.

Melania episcopalis, Lea, P. Zool. S. 1850, Malacca; Hartley, Conch. Misc.,
pi. Ill, fig. 27 ["typical specimen"]-, Brot, Conch.- Cab. II, pi. 12,
Jig. 1, as " M. episcopalis " and I. c. Jiff. 4 [also 4A. and B.], as " M.
broolcei," and 1. c. pi. 13, fig.lb, as " M. sumatrensis, var. ; subvar. =
Hanley, Con. Indica, pi. 75, fig. 6, as " M. variabilis, var. spinosa
[not M. spinosa, Hanley, as of Benson, Conch. Misc."] ; Reeve, fig. 207,
as " M. brookei" and fig. 208, as " M. sparsinodosa,Busch" [both
from Borneo] ; = M. pontificalis, Busch, Zeits. Mai. 1853, Borneo.

This widely spread and variable form is not the Mel. episco-
palis of the Con. Indica, which I have named var. binodulifera.
Why M. Brot would not accept Hanley 's typical figure in his
Conch. Misc. of M. episcopalis, which nevertheless agrees fairly
not only with the original description, but also with Brot's Ma-
lacca specimen [pi. 12, fig. 1] and my Perak specimens from the
same district, I am quite unable to understand ; possibly, the subse-
quent series of errors in the Con. Indica induced the Professor
not to do so. These errors are that Hanley figures the epis-
copalis of Lea for his own Mel. spinosa, and the true spinosa
as " M. menkiana. Lea" [and subvar. as M. hanleyi, G.-A.].

8 Qualla Kangsa, Perak ; coll. Surgeon-Major E. Townsend.

MELANIIDJB. 257

Though in bad condition, some of these agree exactly with
above-quoted fig. 27, Conch. Misc., and others with Brot's pi. 12,
figs. 1 and 4. Two of these specimens are banded, as in the sub-
var. cincta of typical M. variabilis.

Long. 51, diam. 24 ; 5 whorls.

1 Qualla Kangsa ; coll. Surgeon-Major E. Townsend.

A not adult specimen, apparently of Brot's pi. 12, fig. 1A,
ribs slightly binodulose above, two distinct brown bands at
base.

3 Perak ; coll. Surgeon-Major E. Townsend.

A smaller form, unfortunately in very bad condition ; it will
probably have eventually to be separated, and may rather belong
to var. menkeana.

4 Tongoop ? [Arakan] ; ex c. As. Soc., Bengal.

Exceedingly close to the Samaguting specimens. One of the
Perak specimens also has very similar, distant, large ribs.

1 Henzada ? [Arakan] ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

1 Naga Hills; coll. A. W. Chennell, Esq.

5 Teria Ghat; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin- Austen.

Apparently a very variable small form ; one or two of them
closely resemble Perak typical episcopalis. The absence of any
basal striation connects the form with M. menkeana, Lea.

8 Teria Ghat ? ; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

Locality I consider doubtful. It is very close to M. variabilis,
var. subspinosa [Calcutta].

5 Sibsagar [?], &c. ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

A small form near the preceding, no basal striation.

6 Khasi Hills; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen.

This fine form resembles the one I have separated (perhaps
injudiciously) as subvar. linodulifera ; pi. 75, fig. 7 of the Con.
Indica, would fairly represent it, but that the spiral ribbing is
almost obsolete in all my specimens.

2 Munipur; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin- Austen.

A less conspicuous form than the preceding, which it other-
wise resembles.

258 MELANim&l.

subvar. intermedia.

Erot, Conch.-Cab. II, pi. 13, fig. 11, as M. spinosa, var. £.
3 Tezpore [Assam] ; coll. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

Excellently represented by the above quoted figure. As M. Brot
justly remarks [1. c. page 93], it is an interesting and important
transitional form between typical M. variaUlis and M. episcopalis.

var. pseudospinosa.

Nevill, J. A. S. B. 1881, pi. VI, fig. 17, Assam ; Con. Indica.pl. 75, fig. 6.

I can detect no good character to distinguish this form
from Perak and Malacca specimens ; the spire is usually more
produced and less decollate, the ribs more spinose at the angle,
which, again, is more central.

15 Cachar ; coll. Museum Collector.

Fairly intermediate between M. Brot's pi. X, fig. 2B [" M.
sumatrensis "] and his pi. 12, fig. 2 [" M. spinosa "] ; upper
whorls longitudinally ribbed.

Long. 68, diam. 24 mil. ; 9 whorls.
6 Tezpore ; coll. Dr . F. Stoliczka.

One or two of these are scarcely separable from my Perak
typical episcopalis. It is possible they had better been classed
in subvar. pontificalis ; the sculpture of the upper whorls in all
of them is very superficial.

2 Assam; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

Not quite adult; may be the young of M. Brot's pi. 10,
fig. 1A [" M. variabilis "], perhaps better classed as var. sub-
typica, subvar. subinfracostata.

17 Namtsik River, Sibsagar and Samaguting [Assam] ; coll. S. E. Peal,
Esq., and Capt. Butler.

Agree fairly with Con. Indica, pi. 75, fig. 6 [" M. spinosa "],
one specimen (undoubtedly of the same stock) is very interest-
ing, as the last whorl is smooth.

5 Sandoway River [Arakan] ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

MELANIIDJS. 259

A very fine form, with the last whorl and aperture unusually
tumidly swollen. Long. 81, diam. 34 mil. ; 7 whorls.

10 " Hlowa Choung ", Arakan Hills j ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

These agree exactly with Con. Tndica, pi. 75, fig. 6, and are
therefore typical of subvar. pseudospinosa. Long. 86, diam. 29
mil.

The locality given is somewhat untrustworthy,
var. binodulifera, nov.

Con. Indica, pi. 72, Jiff. 7, and pi. 7 5, figs. 5 and 7, N. Cachar, as M. epis-
copalis, Lea ; fide Brot, M. spinata, Godwin- Austen, var.

5 Khasi HUls j coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen.

Four agree exactly with the above-quoted fig. 5 ; the fifth is
of interest, as it connects the form with var. sublcevigata [Syl-
het] ; the last 2f whorls only possessing the characteristic
sculpture. Long. 75, diam. 34 mil.

5 N. Cachar; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin- Austen, and ex c. Asiat. Soc.,
Bengal.

A short form allied to the preceding. Long. 46, diam. 24
mil.

1 N. Cachar; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin- Austen.

A beautiful little form, like a miniature of Con. Indica, pi. 75,
fig. 5, but with compressed, narrow, last whorl and aperture ;
scarcely decollate. Long. 42, diam. 16|- mil. ; 6 whorls with a
double row of very distinct nodules, of almost equal size.

30 Barak River, Silcliar j coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.
Like the preceding, but a rather smoother form.
6 Diyung River, Assam ; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen.
The form well represented in the Con. Indica, pi. 72, fig. 7.

var. pontificalia.

? Melauia pontificalis, v. d. Busch.

4 Near Sibsagar ; coll. S. E. Peal, Esq,

260 MELANIIDJE.

A remarkably solid, heavy form ; upper whorls smooth, the
last (and sometimes the last two) with a row of ill-defined
longitudinal ribs from the centre of the whorl to its base, de-
veloped into spinose tubercles above ; closely resembles M.
Brot's pi. 12, fig. 4A ["If. brookei, var. pontificalia"'], but the
tubercles are more regular and numerous and placed a little
more centrally. Long. 72, diam. 24J mil.

Reeve gives Mel. pontificalis as a synonym of Mel. infracostata
from Borneo.

3 Ceylon [?] ; coll. E. L. Layard, Esq. [A. S. B.].

A very interesting and distinct form, although I cannot help
doubting the correctness of the label — " Ceylon."

I have never seen the species elsewhere, either from that island
or from South India.

subspecies menkeana [emend.].

Melania Menkiana, Lea, Trans. Amer. PJiilos. Soc. 1842, for Mel. plicata,
Lea, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. VI [1835, fide Lea'], not of MenJce, 1829,
"India?" -, = M. spinosa, (Benson), Hanley, Conch. Misc. 1856, pi. lt
fig. 7 [not Mel. spinosa, " Benson," of Brot. Conch.- Cab. II, or
Mel. variabilis, var. spinosa, Hanley, Con. Indica, pi. 75, fig. 6~\ ;=
Con. Indica, pi. 110, fig. 6, M. menkiana Lea, " Khersasip, N. Cachar " j
= M. variabilis, Benson, var. B., J.A. S. B. V, 1836, Sylhet; var.=
M.godwini, Brot, Conch.- Cab. II, 1874 ; for Mel. hanleyi, G-.—Aust.
1872, N. Cachar, Diyung river [not Mel. hanleyi, Brot} .

Benson's description of M. varidbilis, var. B. is — " Liris, medi-
ana excepta, obsoletis ; nodulis subspinosis carinam humeralem
coronantibus."

When Mr. Hanley issued plate 75 of the Con. Indica (see
page 32, 1. c.), he evidently had not discriminated between the
two forms represented by his two above-quoted figures ; on page
45, however, he correctly separates the form which Lea described
as M. menkiana [not M. menkeana as stated by M. Brot, who
incorrectly charges Mr. Hanley with the error] and states (which
is also undoubtedly the case) that it is the same form as that
originally figured by him in the Conch. Misc. as M. spinosa,
Benson ; Lea's figure is nearer Con. Ind. pi. 110, fig. 5 [M.
godwini, Brot] than fig. 6 [M. menkeana'] ; unfortunately, M.
Brot adopts the name of M. spinosa, Bs., for pi. 75, fig. 6

261

of the Con. Indica ; but the type of M. spinosa, Benson, must
remain the shell figured in the Conch. Misc. [though not de-
scribed] which we all unite in considering=Jf. merikeana.

7 Sylhet [typical var. B. of Beuson = 3f. spinosa, Hanley 1856] j ex c.
Asiat. !3oc., Bengal.

Long. 22 J, diam. 13 J mil.

30 Teria Ghat, &c. [Khasi Hills] ; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen. &c.

Long. 34 J, diam. 17 mil.

subvar. microstoma.

A small and remarkable form, apparently from the same locality
as typical var. B. of Benson, from which it can be distinguished
by the small and almost rounded aperture, the more produced and
perfect spire, and whorls less convexly swollen ; two brown
bands at the base, as in typical var. B., but the upper whorls also
possess a distinct central band ; two specimens have subnodular
ribs on the last two whorls, the upper ones being perfectly smooth,
the third specimen has nodulose ribs on the three last whorls,
the fourth "has them on the last whorl only ; these nodulose
ribs are variable in number and relatively distant.

Long. 25, diam. 11 f mil.

10 Sylhet ; ex c. Asiat. Soc., Bengal.

41. Melauia [Melanoides] spinata.

Melania spinata, Godwin- Austen, P. Zool. 8. 1872, Kopili River.

This remarkable form, excellently figured by the author
[pace M. Brot], preserves its characteristics in both young and
adult. M. Brot makes the strange error of supposing it might
be the young of the form figured [correctly] as M. episcopalis,
Lea, in the Con. Indica ; I have both forms in all stages, and
need scarcely say that they are widely different. Possibly, indeed,
it might also be classed as an extreme variety of M. variab'ilis ;
the peculiar, " foliaceous " tubercles are very characteristic.
It bears also some resemblance to a form of Mel. baccata, Gld.

8 Kopili Kiver, N. Cachar j coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen.

42. Melania [Melanoides] baccata.

Melania baccata, Gould, P. Sost. S. 1847, Eiver Thomgyin.

Reeve's fig. 1, M. henriettce, Gray, from China, seems to me
different and specifically separable.

3 Upper Salwin [Shan States] j coll. F. Fedden, Esq.

Kesemble Con. Indica, pi. 75, fig. 3 [var. pyramidalis, Th.];
one of them has a single row of spinose nodules in the middle
of each whorl instead of three ; this agrees exactly with Theo-
bald's type.

subvar. recta.
£rot, pi. 9, Jiff. 6, as M. baccata, Old.

1 Upper Salwin -, coll. F. Fedden, Esq.

Well represented by the above figure, but more decollate,
only 2 J whorls remaining.

var. iravadica.

Melania iravadica, W. T. Stanford, P. Zool 8. 1869, « Male and Mamo."

There can be, I think, no question as to the correctness of
uniting this form to M. baccata, despite its smaller size and less
conspicuous sculpture, which is, however, of an exactly similar
nature. Long. 30, diam. 17 mil.

30 Manwyne [type var.] and Yaylaymaw [Upper Burma] ; coll. Dr. J.
Anderson.

43. Melania [Melanoides] subasperata, nov.

Theobald, J. Asiat. 8. Sena. 1865, pi. 9, fig. 5, asM. varialilis, var. lacci-
fera, Shan States, Nammah Stream.

1 Shan States j coll. F. Fedden, Esq. [47, 17].

This is a typical var. baccifera, Th. ; it is very close to M.
Brot's pi. 9, fig. 4A [" M. perfecta, Mss., Celebes "] and also to
his pi. 8, figs. 1 and IB, [M". asperata, Lea, Philippines], only
smaller ; the shape of the spire more nearly resembles that of
M. variabilis than M . baccata ; the small and contracted, almost
rounded aperture seems to be characteristic.

MELANIIDJ3. 263

var. SUblSBVigata, nov.

2 " Burma " ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
1 Shan States ; coll. F. Fedden, Esq.

Well represented by M. Brot's, pi. 3, fig. 5 [M. subnodosa,
Phil., South America], only a little smaller.

var. vittata.

Theobald, J. As. 8. Beng., 1865, jig. 4, as M. variabilis—var. vittata.

1 Shan States ; coll. F. Fedden, Esq.

44. Melania [Melanoides] cancellata.

Melania cancellata, Benson, Ann. Mag. 1842, Chusan ; = M. ningpoensis,
Lea, P. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad.1856, Ningpo ; = M. fortunei, Reeve, 1859,
Shanghai; fide Brot = M. amurensis, Gerstfeld = M. heukelomiana,
Reeve var.=M. calculus, Rv. [N. China'].

3 Chusan [typical ?] ; ex Mr. Damon [c. Cantor].

2 China ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

2 Khasing District [N. China] ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

3 Ningpo ; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn.

Mel. admiralisj Smith, from Lake Tanganyika, seems to show
some affinity to this species.

45. Melania [Melanoides] amurensis.

Melania amurensis, Q-erstfeld, Me'm. Ac. Petersb. IX, 1859, Rv. Amur,
long. 45 diam. 16 mil. and var. Icevigata, long. 20, diam. 8 ; —M.
heulcelomiana, Rv., 1859, Hab. ? [39, J!5] ; ? var. = M. calculus, Rv.,
1859, N. China.

2 River Amur ; ex Mr. Damon [35, Hi].

1 River Siangkiang [N. China] ; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn.

subvar. sublsevigata.

1 River Siankiang j ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn [23, 9],

46. Melania [Melanoides] crebricostis.

Melania crebricostis, Benson, Ann. Mag, 1842, Chusan, long. 1" 05 poll.

6 Kowloon [opposite Hongkong] ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.
1 Amoy ? ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

264 MELANIID&.

47. Melania [Melanoides] niponica.

Melania nipouica, Smith, Quart. Journ. Conch. L Lake Biwa.
5 Biwa Lake, Japan ; coll. B. Hungerford, Esq.

48. Melania [Melanoides] schomburgki.

Melania schomburgki (Hanley), Reeve, Icon. Jiff. 93, 1859, Hab. ?
8 Cambodia ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

49. Melania [Melanoides] torquata.

Melania torquata, v. d. Busch, Abb. I, 1845, Java ; = M. terebra, Benson,
1836, Sylhet [not M. terebra, Lesson, 1830, or M. terebra, Busch,
1845].

10 Sylhet [types of M. terebra, Bs. ] j ex c. Asiatic Soc., Bengal, and
Colonel G. B. Mainwaring.

50. Melania [Melanoides] asperata.

Melania asperata, Lamarck, Hist. Anim. s. Vert. F, 1822, South America ?

I consider Reeve's fig. 18, " M. circumstriata from Borneo,"
as quite distinct and probably a form of M. herculcea, Gld.

8 Near Manila ; coll. Baron F. von Richthof en.

This apparently constant dwarf form more nearly resembles
M. Brot's pi. 9, fig. 4, M. yerfeda^ Mous., from Celebes, than
his pi. 8, fig. 1 A, typical M. asperata, — indeed, it may prove to be
the former species. Long. 35, diam. 14; another 22, 10| mil.

Living with it was the following subvariety distinguished by
its smooth appearance, having spiral, subobsolete sulcations on
the last whorl only.

subvar. sublsevigata.

4 Near Manila ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen.

Three or four irregular ridges on the last two whorls, The
upper ones smooth [or nearly so] .

Long. 56, diam. 22 mil. ; whorls 5|.
2 Pasanhan [Luzon] ; coll. R. Huugerford, Esq.

MELANIIDJJ. 265

var. inquinata.

Melania inquinata, Deshayes, Mag. Conch, pi. 13, 1S30, Philippines.

1 Pasanhan ; coll. R. Hungcrford, Esq.

Whorls more convex than in any of the other specimens.

var.
Cow/. Reeve, jig. 2 c, " M. asperata."

6 Luzon [?] ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen.

2 Pasanhan ; coll. R. Hungeri'ord, Esq.

Whorls less convex than in any others I have seen ; the
peripheral keel is more developed than the others. It may
possibly be a form of M. dactylus.

var.

Something like Reeve's fig. 2d., but on a much smaller scale.
2 Pasanhan ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

var.

Like M. Brot's pi. 8, fig. If., but smaller.

5 Pasanhan, &c. [Luzon] j coll. Baron P. von Richthofen, and K. Hunger-
ford, Esq.

51. Melania [Melanoides] lacustris.

Melania lacustris, Morelet, Test. nov. I, 1849, Lake Yzabal [Guatemala].

1 « Lac d' Yzabal " [typical] j coll. A. Morelet, Esq.

Agrees with M. Brot's pi. 3, fig. 2c, and Hanley's Conch. Misc.,
fig. 26.

62. Melania [Melanoides] dactylus.

Melania dactylus, Lea, P. Zool. 8. 1S50, Philippines.
5 Philippines ; coll. Prof. C. Semper.

Sent as "M. asperata, var. dactylus"; they are a rather
smaller form, otherwise agreeing well with M. Brot's pi. 9, fig. 2.

2 Cebu ; ex c. R. Hungerford, Esq. [coll. Dr. Eastlake].

266 MELANIID^J.

Resembling Reeve's fig. 7a, but smaller.
1 Cebu; ex c. R. Hungerford, Esq. [coll. Dr. Eastlake].

A form intermediate between this species and Mel. asperata ;
the last whorl [only] binoduliferous, as in Reeve, fig. 7b.

53. Melania [Melanoides] fllocarinata.

Melania filocarinata, (Moussun), Brot, Conch.- Cab. II, 1874, Polillo ; long.
62, diam. 21 mil.

5 San Palo, Luzon ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.
Agree exactly with the type figure.

var. subimbricata, nov.

1 San Palo; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

Long. 49, diam. 16 mil. A variety bearing much the same
relationship to the type form, as does M. Brot's pi. 9, fig. 2A to
its type [M. dactylus*] ; apical six whorls smooth.

Sub-Genus SULCOSPIRA, Troschel.

Srot, Conch.- Cab. 1, 1874, type M. sulcospira.

54. Melania [Sulcospira] libertina.

Melania libertina, Gould, P. Bost. Soc. VII, 1859, Simoda and Ousima —
M. tenuisulcata, Dkr. Malac. Slat. 1859, = M. reiniana, Brot, Jahrb.
1876, Japan ; var. decussata, Mis., 1. c. Japan ; var. irrigua, Mts.t Sitz.
Fr. Berl. = Yokohama; fide Brot, = M. doriae, T.—Canef,

4 Hakone, Japan ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.
10 Tanisui, Formosa ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

var. sublaBvigata.

12 Tamsui, &c. ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

Perhaps the var. ambidextra of Martens [Japan], Anfr. 4,
long. 25, diam. 12 mil.

MELANIID-E. 267

var. pliCOSa.

Mel. libertina, var. plicosa, v. Martens, Malac. Blat. 1860, Japan ; Kolelt,
Fauna Japan, pi. 18, Jigs. 2-5.

10 Mai Tionlek, Formosa; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. [28, 13].

2 Hakone, Japan ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

var. microstoma, nov.

10 Formosa j coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.
Anfr. 4, long. 22f , diam. 10.

var. subplicosa.

18 Formosa ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

The M. plicifera, Try on, from Japan appears to be very close,
also Kobelt's pi. XVIII, figs. 6-8 ; and the latter's pi. XIX, fig. 8,
again, exactly represents some of the specimens. Anfr. 4 ; long.
24-J-, diam. 10| mil.

var.japonica.

Melania japonica, Reeve, Icon. jig. 125, 1859, Japan ; dist. sp. fide Brot
and = Mel. amUdextra, Mis., Mai. £1. I860, Japan.

1 Japan j ex c. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring.

6 Nikko, Japan ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

Resemble Kobelt's pi. XVIII. fig. 6, stated to be the Mel
libertina, var. decussata of Martens.

var.irrigua[?].

Melania libertina, var. irrigua, Martens, Sitz. Ges. NaturJi. Fr. ; Yokohama.

7 Meanoshita, Japan ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.
Well represented by Kobelt's pi. XIX, fig. 4.

var. dorise [?].

Melania dorise, Tapparone-Canefri, Voy. " Magenta," Moll , pi. I, fig > 4,
Singapore [Hob. err on."].

3 Nagasaki, Japan j coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

268 MELANIID^l.

Unfortunately not quite adult. A large, tumid form, appar-
ently even more aberrant than the above-quoted figure, or than
any of the varieties figured by Kobelt.

Sub-Genus NIGRITELLA, Brot.
Conch.- Cab. II, 1874, type M. nigritina, Morelet.

55. Melania [Nigritella] guineensis.

Melania guineensis, Reeve, Icon. fig. 142, I860, " Coast of Guinea."

var. minor.

4 Liberia ; coll. Dr, H. Dohru [23, 9 J].

56. Melania [Nigritella] decoUata.

Melania decollata, Lamarck, Hist. 1822, Riv. de la Gttyane ; fide Brot =
M. erosa, Philippi [not Less] = M. sculptilis, Reeve.

3 La Guayra ; coll. A. Morelet, Esq.

Sub-Genus PAOHYCHILU8, Lea.
P. Zool. 8. 1850, p. 179, type P. cumingii, Lea [as Genus now.].

57. Melania [Pachychilus] largillierti.

Melania largillierti, Philippi, Abb. I. 1845, Centr. America ; fide Brot. -Mt
rusticula, Busch and M. rubicunda, Reeve.

var. intermedia.

Melania intermedia, von dem Busch, Philippi, Abb. J, 1845, " Lacus
Nicaragua. "

2 Guatemala j coll. A. Morelet, Esq.

58. Melania [Pachychilus] conica.

Melania conica, d'Orligny, Hist. Nat. Cuba, 1841; fide Brot-M. nlgrata
Poey, Mem. Cuba II, 1852 = M. scarabus, Rv., Icon., Hal. ? = M.
gemella, Rv.; Icon., Cuba=M. attenuata, [Anthony], Reeve, Icon., Cuba.

5 Cuba ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka [ex Landauer].

2 Cuba; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka [labelled " M. nigrata, Poey."].

MELANIIRE. 269

59. Melania [Pachychilus] corvina.

Melania corvina, Morelet, Test. nov. Cuba 1, 1849.

1 Guatemala [typ ical] ; coll. A. Morelet, Esq.

A dwarf specimen, long. 22, diam. 12J mil.

60. Melania [Pachychilus] IsDvissima.

Melania Isevissima, Soicerby, Zool. Journ. I, 1825, La Guayra ; fide Brol=
M. indiorum, Morelet, •* circa Minas Palengueanas '=M. sallei,
Beeve, Venezuela.

var. clava.

Melania Isevissima, var. clava (MenTce), Brot, Conch.-Cab. II, 1874, pi. 4,
fig. 5 d.

2 Venezuela ; coll. A. Morelet, Esq.

61. Melania [Pachychilus] brevis.

Melania brevis, d'Orligny, Hist. Nat. Cuba, 1841.

5 Cuba j ex c. F. Layard, Esq. and Dr. F. Stoliczka.

62. Melania [Pachychilus] testudinaria.

Melania testndinaria, von dem Busch, Philippi, Abb. I, 1845, Java; vars.
lutea, scalaroidea and striatula, Moussun, Moll., Java, 1849.

3 Java j ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

var. elongata, nov.

30 Java ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen.
Long. 42 J, diam. 15 mil.

var. subangulata, nov.

2 Java ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen.

63. Melania [Pachychilus] limborgi.

Melania limborgi, Hanley, J. Linnean, Soc., XIV, 1879. p. 580, Tenasserim,

3 Near Moulmcin [Tenasserim Prov.] ; coll. Mr. Oscar Lhnborg.

270 MELANinXE.

64. Melania [Pachychilus], n. sp.
3 Pegu ; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

65. Melania [Pachychilus] hungerfordiana, n. sp.

Long. 39 J, diam. 16 mil.

Closely resembles M. Brot's Mel. citrina, pi. 13, fig. 5, also
Philippi's M. largillierti. Slightly truncate, seven whorls
remaining, which in one specimen are distinctly more convex than
in the other ; thick and solid, of a yellowish brown colour, girt
with a single well-marked band in the middle of the upper
whorls ; three bands on the last whorl ; the basal margin sub-
acutely angled, not rounded as in tie above- quoted figure ;
no spiral sulcation at base of last whorl.

2 Upper Burma [type] ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.
5 Pegu [spec, juv.] ; ex c. Asiatic Soc., Bengal.

Sub-Genus AOROSTOMA, Brot.
Conch.'Cal. II, 1874, type Mel. Mgeli, PMlippi.

66. Melania [Acrostoma] hiigeli.

Melania hiigeli, Philippi, All. 1, 1845, Nova Ifollandia ? ;=M. siphonata,
Rv., Hob. ?

3 Upper Cauvery River j coll. H . P. Blanford, Esq.

These agree well with figures in Phillippi, Reeve, and Con.
Indica.

var. compacta, aov.

Long. 25J, diam. 13| mil.

Easily distinguished by its short, stout form, relatively con-
tracted aperture, less tumidly swollen, but more subangulate
last whorl, and closer spiral sculpture ; the spire is more trun-
cate ; the coloration darker.

1 Wynaad [type var.] j coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome.

2 Cochin Hills ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome.

4 Cauvery liiver j coll. Surgeon-Major Jerdon [A. S. B.].

MELANIIDJE. 271

These latter were labelled "Mel. carnatica, Bens. MS. ;"
they present the distinctive characters of the variety even
more strongly. Long. 25, diam. 14 mil.

67. Melania [Acrostoma] assamensis, n. sp.

Hanley, Conch. Misc. pi. 5, fig. 43, as " M. hiigelii, var. of Phil, from
Khasya."

Long. 35, diam. 18J mil.

Remarkably close to Mel. hilgeli, from which it can be dis-
tinguished by its less solid substance, its much more convexly
rounded whorls, the last not being [more or less] subangulate
as in its ally ; of a plain, uniform, dark coloration ; of similar
minute striation, but wanting the spiral sulcations at base of
last whorl ; characters of the columellar margin and aperture
generally much as in typical M. Jiugeli. Strongly .decollate,
three whorls only remaining.

4 North Cachar [type] ; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin- Austen,
1 « Delaima " [?] ; ex c. Gr. Nevill, Esq.

Sub-Genus MELANELLA, Swainson.
Treat. Malac. 1840, p. 341 [no type recorded?] ; type M. holandri, Fer.

68. Melania [Melanella] holandri.

Melania holandri, Ferussac, Villa, Catal. 1841 [fide Reeve].

var. costulata.

Melania holandri, var. costulata, Schmidt, Syst. Verz. Krain, 1847 ; = M.
semiplicata, Brusina, Contr. Mai. Croat. 1870.

5 Croatia ; ex c. Colonel G. B. Mainwariug and P. Joly, Esq.

69. Melania [Melanella] brevicula.

Melaniella brevicula, H. Adams, P. Zool. 8. 1870, Amoy ; I. Hainan [Geale]
fide Brot.

3 Ainoy [typical] ; ex c. H. Adams, Esq.

70. Melania [Melanella] glans.

Melania glans, von dem Busch, Philippi, Abb. 1, 1845, Java ; juv., fide Brot
—M.siccata, Busch, Java; from Philippines, Cuming [!J.

10 Java [?] \ coll. Baron F. von Richthofen.

272 MELANinxas.

71. Melania [Melanella] zonata.

Melania zonata, Benson, J. Asiat. 800. Bengal, 1836, Sylhet ; fide Brot ?=*
M. retusa, Or ay, in Griffith's Cuvier [not of Raffin].

7 Sylhet [typical] ; ex c. Asiatic Soc. Bengal.

Probably better classed in the next subgenus ; I retain, how-
ever, M. Brot's classification for the present.

Sub-Genus PARAMELANIA, Smith.
P. Zool. S. 1881, type M. nassa, Woodward.

Mr. C. A. White (in « Nature ', 1881, Vol. XXV, p. 101)
considers the group identical with that of Pyrgulifera Jmmerosa
of Meek (U. S. Geol. Survey, Vol. IV, by Clarence King), a
Mesozoic fossil.

72. Melania [Paramelania] nassa.

Melania nassa, Woodward, Ann. and Mag.

1 Lake Tanganyika, Central Africa; ex Mr. Damon.

Sub-Genus TAREBIA, H. & A. Adams.

Gen. Moll. I, p. 304, as subgenus of Vibex, OTcen ! Sect. = Sermi/la, H.
and A. Adams, 1. c., as siibgenus of Melanella, Sw. ; type fide Urot,
Conch. Cab., 2874, Mel. graniiera.

73. Melania [Tarebia] lateritia.

Melania lateritia, Lea, P. Zool. S. 1850, Philippines.

6 Mauban, Luzon ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. [19J, 10i].

A dark-coloured, short-spired, much-eroded form, without
bands.

6 Mindanao; coll. Prof. C. Semper.

Resembling the preceding, but c
eroded.

7 Philippines ; coll. Baron F. von Kiehthof en.

Resembling the preceding, but of a yellowish-brown colour and
not eroded.

MELANIHXE. 273

Broadly banded with brown ; spire of some specimens short,
as in M. Brot's pi. 33, fig. IB., of others produced as in pi. 33,
fig. 15.

2 Cebu ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

74. Melania [Tarebia] procera.

Melania procera, Brot, Conch.- Cab. II, 1874, Habit.?, long. 36, diam. 14
mil.

5 Mauban, Luzon; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. [35, 11J].

75. Melania [Tarebia] celebonsis.

Melauia celebensis, Quoy, Voy. Astrol. 1832, Celebes.

1 Moluccas [?] ; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka [? ex Landauer].
Labelled "168— Mel. kaptt, D. from Moll." [? Moluccas].

76. Melania [Tarebia] riqueti.

Melania riqueti, Grateloup; Act. Soc. Lin. So rd. 1840, p. 433, Bombay,
long. 13, diam. 7 mil; = M. harpula, Philippi, Abb. I, 1845, pi. Ill,
fig. 6, Java ? ; Con. Indica, pi. LXXI, fig. 10, Quilon, Cochin, and
Travancore ; Sect. Sermyla.

3 Locality ? ; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka.
Labelled " Bought with Maldive shells."

2 Batavia; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

All the above are admirably represented by the above-quoted
figure of Philippi ; M. Brot's pi. 34. fig. 6, is much less charac-
teristic ; the Professor questions the Javanese locality, which,
however, would appear to be correct.

77. Melania [Tarebia] obliquigranosa.

Melania obliquigranosa, Smith, P. Zool. S. 1878, Formosa— long. 25, diam.
8 mil.

20 Keelung and Tinkang [Formosa] ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

•274

78. Melania [Tarebia] mauiensis.

Melania mauiensis, Lea, P. Acad. Pkilad., 1856, Sandwich Islands.
12 Sandwich Islands ; coll. H. Pease and W. Newcomb, Esqrs.

var. subgranifera.

- 1 " lies Marianes " ; ex c. A. Morelet [as " M, granifera, Lam."].
Bather more distinctly granulose. Long. 23, diam. 8| mil.

subvar. ?
2 Halmaheira ; ex Mr. Landauer [as " M. lirata, Bens."].

Can this locality be correct ? I can see no difference what-
ever from the preceding specimen.

79. Melania [Tarebia] batana.

Melania batana, Gould, P. Bost. S. I, 1843, Tavoy ; Con. Indica, pi. 74,
Jiffs. 8-9 ; fide Brot, belongs to Sect. Melanoides !

8 Tenasserim River ; ex c. Asiatic Soc., Bengal.

var. sublineata, nov.

Morelet, Ser. Conch. IV, 1875, p. 320 [as n. sp. near M. celelensis and M.
granifera'}, Cochin-China.

1 Cochm-Chinaj ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. [23, 10i],

An interesting form with the granular sculpture more or less
indistinct, its remarkable nodulose appearance being altogether
wanting ; this is, however, also in the type form not a perma-
nent character, one or two of my specimens, found with the
other Tenasserim ones, approaching the Cochin-China variety
very closely in this respect.

10 Penang; ex c. British Museum [as "M. lirata, coll. Cantor"].

80. Melania [Tarebia] tahitensis.

Melania tahitensis (Pease), Brot, Conch.- Cab. II. pi. 33, fig. 7, p. 472, as a
" var. of M. mauiensis," p. 323, I. c.

2 " Navigators' Islands" ; coll. Dr. C. E. Toimerre [A. S. B.].

MELANIID.S). 275

Certainly distinct, I think, from M. mauiensis ; even more
closely resembling M. lateritia. These specimens agree fairly
with the above-quoted figure, only the last whorl is more con-
vexly tumid and the aperture more dilated. Long. 22, diam.
1 1 J mil. ; anfr. 4.

81. Melania [Tarebia] rudis.

Melania rudis, Lea, P. Zool. 8. 1850, Amboina; fide Brot, = M. micros-
toma, Lea, Isl. Negros.

2 Halmaheira ; ex Mr. Landauer.

This is the var. B. of M. Brot [pi. 32, fig. 1A.], which, how-
ever, judging from the locality, I consider to be the typical
form.

var. ceylonica, nov.

Con. Indica, pi. LXXIV, figs. 7 and 10, and Reeve, fig. 172 \bene\.

8 Kalutara, Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq.

6 Tenasserim River; coll. W. Theobald, Esq. [A. S. B.].

These latter agree exactly with the Ceylon specimens. They are
the No. 3 [" M. tuberculata "], var. D. of Theobald's Catalogue,
page 40. I should much like to see the locality confirmed. I
fear there may have been some confusion.

7 Tenasserim River ; ex c, Asiat. Soc. Bengal.

These are doubtless part of the preceding donation, which it
was not considered necessary to " mount." Two are of a small,
dwarf race, and three are not decollate, in this state resembling
very closely the Halmaheira specimens.

82. Melania [Tarebia] scopulus.

Melania scopulus, Reeve, Icon., fig. 165, I860) Locality ?; Philippines fide
£rot \Cuming\.

5 Luzon ; coll. R. Hurigerford, Esq.
20 Philippines [?] ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen.

These include two or three varieties ; one especially with very
ventricose last whorl and finer, more close-set sculpture ; another
is without any longitudinal, decussating sculpture, and is of a
uniform dull violet colour.

276 MELANIIDJ?.

var. [? disfc. sp.].

2 Cebu ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

A small form, perhaps not adult, near M. celebensis, Qnoy.

83. Melania [Tarebia] broti.

Melania broti (Dolirn), Reeve, Icon. fig. 160, 1860, Ceylon; = M. chocola-
tum, Brot, Rev. Zool. 1860; ap. of Tiaropsis fide Brot.

5 Ceylon; coll. E. L. Layard [A. S. B.] and H. Nevill, Esqrs.

subvar. subrudis.

3 Ceylon; coll. E. L. Layard, Esq. [A. S. B.].

A form not represented by M. Brot ; it may fairly be considered
a connecting link between this species and M. rudis. Long.
26, diam. 11J mil. ; decollate, 3f whorls only remaining. Com-
pare also Mr. Hanley's remarks, Con. Indica, page 32.

84. Melania [Tarebia] lineata.

Helix lineata, Gray, Sup. Wood's Index Test. 1828, fig. 68, "East Indies" ;
= Melania sp., Benson, Gleanings of Science, I, fig. D. and II,
page 22 [sine nom.~] -, = Melania lirata, Benson, J. A. S. B., F", 1886,
page 782 [sine descr.].

The synonomy of this species is correctly given by Mr. Hanley
in the Con. Indica; M. Brot, on the other hand, has evidently
not had the " Gleanings of Science " to refer to, or else he would
have found the name of Melania lirata is not mentioned therein.

50 Calcutta ; coll. G. Nevill, J. B. Baxter, and Colonel G. B. Mainwaring. *

With one or two undulating, subgranulose keels below tho
suture only, well represented by the Con. Indica, pi. LXX1,
fig. 7.

15 Calcutta ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and ex c. Asiatic Soc., Bengal.

Granulose sculpture distinct and well developed ; fairly re-
presented by M. Brot's pi. 33, fig. 6, excellently by Reeve's
fig. 170 [Sikkim].

Long. 30, diam. 14 ; another long. 34, diam. 12f mil.
20 Calcutta [in Tanks]; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

MELANIIDJ3. 277

Long. 19, diam. 8 mil. Granulose sculpture almost obsolete.

6 Teria Ghat; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
4 Ceylon ; ex c. Asiatic Soe., Bengal.

20 Tezpore, Goalundo, Maudalay, Gowhatty, Bhootan; coll. Dr. F. Sto-
liczka.

var. seinigranosa.

Mel. semigranosa, ». d. Busch, Phil. Abb. 1, 1844, Java.

Differs conspicuously by the shorter spire, and the more tumidly
ventricose last whorl, which is also more produced, &c. Long.
31, diam. 15 mil. ; apex eroded.

15 Java f?] ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen.

20 Near Moulmein ; coll. Baron F. vou Richthofen and Dr. P. Stoliczka.

Lon^. 18, diam. 8| mil. May be considered as a connecting
link with M. batana, Gld.

7 Pegu; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

A fine form with turriculately planulate whorls. Long. 30,
diani. 13 mil.

12 Meetan, Tenasserhn Province; coll. 0. Limborg.
1 Teria Gbat [?] ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

subvar. pergranosa.

Long. 15f , diam. 7J mil. Granulose sculpture very prominent.
20 Port Canning ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq.

var. flavida.

Mel. flavida (Dunlcer), Phil. Abb. 7, 1844, Hab. ?

6 Java ; ex c. A. Morel et, Esq.
9 Calcutta ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
3 Pooree; coll. H. Raban, Esq.

Indian specimens of this variety have the spire more sub-
cylindrically produced than the Javan ones.

2 Teria Ghat; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

£78 MELANIIDJ3.

Sub-G-enus TIARA, Bolten.

H, and A. Adams, Gen. Moll. 1, 1855, as distinct Genus ; type restr. Srot,
Mel. amarula.

85. Melania [Tiara] amarula.

Helix amarula, Linnceus, Syst. Nat. XII, p. 1249, 1767, " Hal. in Asia
fluviis " ; Sruguiere, Enc. Meth., pi. 458, fig. 6 ; fide March should be
" Mel. melanus (Melas), Mtf., "from Mauritius, Sfc. ; juv. — M. moreleti,
DesTi. [not Reeve'], Traite Elem. Conch., Hab. ? and of Brot, pi. 30,
fig. 2-2A. ; juv. ?=Brot, 1. c., pi. 28, fig. 5, B. and C. [as M. pagoda,
var.~].

1 Locality ? j ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. [20£, 11].

Unfortunately, I have no record concerning this specimen,
well represented by M. Brot's pi. 30, fig. 2 [M. moreleti] ;
the body whorl is smoother and less ventricose, spire more
exserted than in young Mauritian specimens,

5 " Trou d'Eau Douce," Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
A very fine form, near M. Brot's pi. 29, fig. 1A.
5 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

The typical form well represented by M. Brot's, pi. 29, fig. 1.
Despite M. Brot's valued opinion [1. c., p. 291], I think I may
state positively that Deshayes' M. moreleti is the young of the
typical form, notwithstanding the remarkable " quasi " adult
appearance that it invariably presents. These young specimens
agree well with pi. 30, fig. 2 A, 1. c.. Dr. Moerch considered a
form from the Moluccas as the true Mel. amarula.

subvar. depauperata.

Conch.-Cal. II, pi. 29, fig. IF, Madagascar.

1 Nossi-be, Madagascar ; coll. J. Caldwell, Esq.

Long. 33, diam. 17f mil. Apparently a locally constant
race.

subvar. cornuta.
Mel. cornuta, Lea, P. Zool. 8. Madagascar.

1 Madagascar; coll.J. Caldwell, Esq. [conf. Conch.-Cab. II, pi. 29,
fig. 1A.].

MELANIID.E. 279

var. thiarella.

Melania thiarella, LcmarcTc, Hist. 1822, " Les Grande* Indes."

1 Mauritius ; coll. Mons. Lienard [A. S. B.].
Agrees with M. Brot's pi. 29, fig. 3.

7 Mauritius ; coll. Messrs. J. Caldwell and Lienard [A. S. B.].

Larger ; some agree with fig. Id., some with. fig. 3B., and
others again are intermediate. This variety Dr. Mcerch con-
sidered as a distinct species and identified it as the " Strombus
coactus" of Meuschen, 1787 [Hab. ?].

86. Melania [Tiara] cybele.

Melania cybele, Gould, P. Bost. 8. 1847, Fiji, Navigators' Islands, $c. ; fide
£rot,=M. crenularis, DesTiayes, Mag. Zool. 1844, Philippines.

I doubt if Mel. diadema, Lea, from the Philippines and
Amboyna, should be specifically separated. Dr. Mcerch consi-
dered Mel. crenularis as distinct ; lie does not mention either
Lea's or Gould's species.

3 Fiji ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.
Well represented by M. Brot's pi. 29, fig. 2B.

var. amara.

Melania amara, Moerch, J. de C.t 1872, Little Nicobar,for Mel. mitra, Reeve
[not of Meuschen], Sumatra.

1 Great Nicobar ; coll. P. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.

Apparently very local, as I have only seen two specimens
from the interior of the island. It is a beautiful form with
pink-tinged collumella, and is exactly represented by M. Brot's
pi. 29, fig. 2 C. [" M. diadema" Lea]. The writer classes Mel.
amara as a synonym of Mel. cybele ; doubtless he had not seen
an authentic specimen. Reeve's figures 175 b. c. from Sumatra,
though larger, are also very close.

87. Melania [Tiara] winteri.

Melania winteri (v. d. BuscK), Philippi, Abb. I, 1845, Java / fide Srot
type of his section Tiaropsis.

8 Mauban j Luzon ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq.

280 MELANinXE.

Long. 32|, <iiam. 15| mil.

Prof. Brot has omitted to record the Philippine " habitat "
of this species^ though it is duly mentioned in Reeve. The
latter's fig. 157A well represents the form.

88. Melania [Tiara] setosa.

Melania setosa, Swainson, Quart. Journ. Sci. 1824; apud Brot, from
Waigiou, N. Guinea, Sumatra [Point Paltnas'], Philippines [Samar\
and vars.from Amboyna, Bali and Celebes.

2 Locality P ; ex c., G. Nevill, Esq.

89. Melania [Tiara] villosa,

Melania villosa, Philippi, Zeits. Mai. 1848, Loc. ? ;—~M. speciosa, A.
Adams, P. Z. S. 1853, N. Caledonia.

5 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier and J. Cnldwell, Esqrs.

Sub-Genus PLOTIA, Bolten.

H. and A. Adams, Gen. Moll. I, 1855, as sub-genus of Tiara ; type restr.
Brot, Mel. spinulosa.

90. Melania [Plotia] oualanensis.

Melania oualanensis (Pease), Tryon, J. Amer. Conch. II, 1866, Ovalan
[Caroline Isl."], not M. ovalanensis, Mousson.

4 Ovalap [typical] ; coll. H. Pease, Esq.

91. Melania [Plotia ?] jugicostis.

Melania jugicostis [Benson], Hanley, Con. Indica, 1877, pi. 28, fig. 12,
Tenasserim River [sine descr.] ; Nevill, J. A. S. B., 1877, as of sect,
Melanoides [cum descr.^.

2 Myadoung [Frontier of Yunan] ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

3 Qualla Kaugsa [Perak] ; coll. Ed. Towuseud, Esq.

92. Melania [Plotia ?] lamberti
Melania Lninberti, Crosse, J. de C., 1869, N. Caledonia.

2 N. Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq.

281

93. Melania [Plotia] datura.

Melania datura, Dohrn, P. Zool. S. 1858, Ceylon, long. 21, diam. 11 mil. ;
Con. Indica, pi. 73, fig. 10.

M. Brot unites, as a variety, the forms from Ceylon figured
in the Con. Indica, pi. 110, fig. 7 as M. scabra, var. spinulosa
and fig. 10, as M. acanthica^ Dohrn ; this is, I think, more than
doubtful, as also, I consider, is his statement that the three forms
are found together ; this is quite opposed to all I know on the
subject, and it would be desirable if the Professor would give
his authority for the statement.

2 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq.

94. Melania [Plotia] acanthica.

Melania acanthica, Lea, P. Zool. S. 1850, Manilla and Negros, long. 0'8
diam. 0'4.

var. roepstorffiana, nov.

3 Andamans [type var.] ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq.
Long. 18f, diam. 9| mil. ; anfr. 7.

Very near M. Brot's'pl. 28, fig. 10A. [Philippines].

subvar. brevispira, nov.

4 Andamans ; coll. F. A. de Koepstorff, Esq. [12|, 6f].

subvar. subscabra, nov.

2 Andamans ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq. [14 J, 7f ].

A connecting link with Mel. scabra, the spines being rather
less developed.

95. Melania [Plotia] scabra.

Buccinum scabrum, Miiller, Hist. Verm. 1774, Coromandel ;=M. spinulosa,
Lamarck, Hist. 1822, Timor, long. 10 lignes ; fide Brot, = M. doreyi-
ana, Lesson, 1830, Nouv. Ouinee, long. 8, diam. 3 lignes ; fide Srot =
M. denticulata, Lea, P. Z. S. 1850, I. Negros [not of Eeeve ] ; var.
= M. cochlea, Srot, Conch.-Cab. II, 1874, pi. 27, fig. 10, "India,"
[as of Lea, P. Z. S. 1850, Sab. ?] ; var. = M. myurus, Brot, Rev.
Zool. I860, type Java, also Halmaheira \Landauer~\ and Borneo [Issel}

282 MELANIID.E.

M. Brot, on page 269, correctly quotes " I. Negros " [Philip,
pines] as the original locality of Lea's type of M el denticulata ;
on page 268, however, he says that M denliculata, Lea, from
" Afghanistan," is not separable ; but the species figured for M.
denticulata by Eeeve is from the " Philippines," and probably
belongs to Mel. pagoda, Lea.

15 Kandy ; coll. E. L. Layard (A. S. B.) and H. Nevill, Esqrs.

Well represented by the Con. Indica, pi. 73, figs. 1 — 3, and
Conch.-Cab. II, pi. 27, fig. 14B. Long. 27, diam. 1 If, mil.-,
slightly decollate.

10 Paniar River, Cuddalore ; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq. [A. S. B.], and

Colonel Beddome.
20 Madras ,-ex c. Madras Museum [as " M. collistricta "].

A few of these have the spines prominently developed, as in
the Mascarene form, exactly resembling Conch.-Cab. pi. 28,
fig. 10A ; most of the specimens, however, approach nearer
Con. Indica, fig. 1. Long. 21, diam. 9 mil. [spec. max.].

30 Sibb, Biluchistan j coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

A small elegant form, apparently very constant in its charac-
ters, fairly intermediate between M. scabra and M. elegans.
Long. 18J, diam. 8 mil.

28 Madras ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and ex As. Soc., Bengal.

Mostly the ordinary, typical form, but one of Dr. Stoliczka's
exactly resembles Con. Indica, pi. 73, fig. 5 [M. elegans].

8 Mauritius j coll. G. Nevill, Esq., and Dr. F. Stoliczka.

A fine form, with the last whorl abnormally swollen, analo-
gous to M. cowimersoni, Mor. in relationship to M. tuberculata ;
Conch.-Cab, II, pi. 27, fig. 15A [Moluccas], well represents the
variety. Long. 29, diam. 13| mil. ; decollate, five whorls only.

9 Locality ? ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

There was unfortunately no label with these remarkable
specimens ; they somewhat resemble the preceding, and are, I
suspect, from Mauritius.

50 Calcutta ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and G. Nevill, Esq.

MELANIIDJG. 283

Well represented by Con. Indica, pi. 73, fig. 1. Some have
the spines moderately developed, as in the Madras specimens
already noticed. A single abnormal specimen has the spines
remarkably duplicated, in a " frondulose" manner.

13 Balapiti, Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

A pretty, little form with the spines well developed, closely
resembling a Mauritian form ; Conch.-Cab. II, pi. 27, fig. 140,
[" Trichinopoly "], pi. 28, fig. 5A. [" M. pagoda "] and 1. c.,
fig, 10A. [" M. acanthica "], long. 12, diam. 9 mil. ; strongly
decollate, 3 to 3^ whorls only.

13 Mauritius j coll. J. Caldwell and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

Like the preceding, but larger ; Reeve's fig. 183 well repre-
sents it [" M. scabra"].

4 Cuddalore [Madras Pres.] ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome.

6 Karachi and Kathiawar ; coll. F. Fedden and J. A. Murray, Esqrs.

In bad condition. I fancy a large series would show they
belong to the variety caUed " Mel. sobria " by M. Brot [pi. 27,
fig. 10 1. c.].

5 Umarkote, Sind ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

E/esembling the preceding apparently ; also in a wretched
state.

3 Cochin-China ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.
Exactly like the Biluchistan specimens.

1 Barak River, Caehar ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq.
20 Matelle, Ceylon ; coll. F. Layard, Esq.

Resembling Con. Indica, pi. 73, fig. 1.
3 Myadong, Upper Burma ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

Well represented by Reeve's fig. 186 [_M. spinulosa from
Solomon IJ.

8 Teria Ghat, Mandalay, Bombay, Cuddalore, Taptee River ; ex c.

Dr. F. Stoliczka.
3 Timor ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

I suppose these may be considered as the typical form of M.
spinulosa. They agree closely with the Biluchistan and
Cochin-China specimens.

16 Java j coll. Baron F. von Richthofen.

284 MELANIIDJ3.

These are the var. nodose-costata of Mousson. Moll. Java,
pi. 11, fig. 11.

6 Mahe, Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

Well represented by M. Brot's pi. 7, fig. 14A. [Ceylon],
only rather smaller.

4 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

Fairly intermediate between var. granum and the form
represented by M. Brot's pi. 27, fig. 14. Long. 19, diam. 8}
mil.

var. elegans.

Melania elegans, Benson, J. A S. S. V., 1836, p. 782, for Melania sp. ?
Gleanings of Science, II, 1830, p. 22, Rivers Gumti, Belwa and Cen ;
Hanley, Con. Indica, pi. 73, fiys. 5—7, N. Oude and South India, as
Melania scabra, var. elegans, Bs. ; Brot, Conch.- Cab. II, pi. 28, fig. 9,
as "Mel. elegans, Bs."

I consider Mr. Hanley is undoubtedly right in uniting this
form to Mel. scabra, the transition from the one to the other
being clearly traceable.

10 Ferozepore [Punjab] ; coll. Captain B. C. Temple.

Found in a well. This remarkable " habitat " confirms Cap-
tain Hutton's record of a similar observation, J. A. S. B., 1834.
These specimens are the only ones 1 have seen that agree with
M. Brot's above-quoted figures.

8 " India " ; ex c. Asiatic Soc., Bengal.
These are perhap3 typical M. elegans, from Benson.
6 Bolan Pass; coll. Captain P. W. Hutton [A. 8. B.].

Long. 24, diam. 10 mil. A very solid form, presenting some
of the characters of M. Brot's pi. 27, fig. 10 [M. cochlea], but
with much shorter spine. This may be Reeve's fig. 178, " M.
elegans," Benson, MS., from Afghanistan, in which, however, the
ribs on the last whorl are less developed.

10 Sunderbundsj ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka [22, 10].

Closely resembling the preceding ; I should like to see the
locality confirmed, as I have never found anything like it my-
self in^these parts.

12 Calcutta; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [22 J, 81].

MELANIHXE. 285

Well represented by the above-quoted figures in the Con.
Indica ; it is doubtless Benson's original " eleyans."

var. myunis.

Melania myurus, ~Brot, Bev. Zool. 1860, pi. 16, fig. 8, Java; ConcJi.-Cal. II,
pi. 28, fig. 1, Java, Halmaheira \_Laudauer} and " ? Borneo [JsseZ]."

I consider this form scarcely separable even as a variety. I
have seen equally cylindrical forms from India, &c.

3 Halmaheira; ex Mr. Landauer [16 §, 7£].

Intermediate between the two larger figures in the Conch.-
Cab., with more of the ordinary " scdbra " type.

2 Halmaheira ; ex Mr. Landauer.
Resembling pi. 28, fig. IB., 1. c.

var. ?
1 Java, Philippines or Siam ? ; coll. Baron P. von Riehthofen.

Long. 26 J, diam. 11 mil. A very striking form, with very
tumid and ovately produced last whorl, unlike any figure I can
find.

var. granum.

Melania granum (v. d. BuscK), Philippi, Alb. I, 1844, Java ; fide Brot,
distinct sp. and = Mel. sca&rella, Mousson [not of Phil.~\ ; var. lucvi-
noidea, Mousson, Moll. Java, pi. 12, fig. 4, Lake Tirir.

5 Java; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq.

Eour of these are the spineless " var. buccinoides," of Mous-
son.

12 Mauritius ; coll. J. Caldwell and G. Nevill, Esqrs.

Anfr. 3 ; long. 12, diam. 7 mil. An abundant small form,
almost exactly resembling Javanese specimens. The spiral
striation is quite as developed. Always strongly decollate.

286 MELANILtXE.

96. Melania [Plotia], sp. ?

4 Telagu Patengan [Java] ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen.

Long. 17J, diam. 7 mil. I am quite unable to identify this
species. It somewhat resembles Mel. jugi'costis, also Mel. unifas-
ciata.

97. Melania australis.

Melania Australis, Lea, P. Zool. 8. 1850, Victoria River; Smith, Voy.
Erelus,pl.4,fig.3.

? var. [? distinct sp.].
1 Australia [?] j ex c. Madras Museum [29J, Hi].

A very doubtful form, with doubtfully correct habitat.
Labelled " Mel. australis, Reeve, Australia." I may take this
opportunity of warning European conchologists against the
labels, identifications, &c., of the Madras Museum: I have
found both equally untrustworthy.

Sub-Genus MAINWARINGIA, nov.
Type M. paludomoidea, n. sp.

A new generic form, apparently connecting Melania and
Paludomus, distinguished by the presence of rows of hairs or
bristles, especially noticeable on the body whorl, which is
ornamented with broad revolving brown bands ; not umbilicate ;
apex remarkably acute, "quasi styliform " ; peristome acute,
columella thickened and excavately inflected. Operculum
transparent, of one substance throughout, — that is, without any
thickened process for attachment, — of very light horn-colour,
without sculpture, ovate, acuminate at one end, at the other
rounded, and distinctly terminally subspiral, with 2| whorls,
closely resembling Adam's pi. XXXV, fig. 10A-B., operculum
of Hydrobia ulvce.

98. Melania [Mainwaringia] paludomoidea, n. sp.
Long. 9 1, diam. 4TV ; apert. lorg. 3| mil.

Imperforate, conically produced, spire turretedly acuminate,
apex very acute, suture distinct ; of a rather yellowish, bright

MELANIIDJ!. 287

" horn "-colour, girt on the last whorl with three distinct, broad,
dark-brown bands, showing clearly within the aperture ; spirally
regularly striated, below the slight subangulation of each whorl,
the striae prominent, with a minutely " quasi punctate " ap-
pearance, the above becoming somewhat obsolete ; covered more
or less with rather long and well-developed hairs ; whorls nine,
the apical three exceedingly minute, white and sculptureless,
the next five slightly subangulate a little above the middle,
cylindrically turreted, last whorl rather tumidly convex, about
the same length as the spire ; aperture rather small, vertically
ovate, peristome acute, columella thickened, dark violet coloured,
inflected obliquely, at base sharply angulate. Operculum as
above described ; it seems to me slightly convex.

6 Mutl ah River at Port Canning; coll. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring, J.
Wood-Mason, Esq., and Dr. F. Stoliczka.

Found by Colonel Mainwaring in brackish water on trunks of
trees submerged at high tide.

Sub-family PALUDOMIN^J, Stoliczka.

Genus PALTJD OMITS, Swainson.

Treat. Malac. 1840, p. 340, types Melania globulosa, conica and retusa,
Gray ; Layard, Ann. Mag. 1855, type restricted Paludomus conica,
Gray.

l. Paludomus conica.

Melania conica, Gray, Griffith's Cuvier, 1834, and Hanley, Con. Misc. fig. 34
\type\ ; fide Hanky, Con. Indica, p. 50 = P. rudis, Reeve, P. Z. S.,
1852, Loc. ? ; = Melania crassa, Busch, Phil. Abb. 1847, Bengal [not
Pal. crassa of IsseV] ; vars. ? = P. maurus, Rv., P, Z. S., 1852, Ganges,
and P. paludinoides, Rv., Sikkim.

7 Gowhatty j coll. Museum Collector.

Resembles M. Brot's pi. II, fig. 14.

20 Teria Ghat, Mangken Rv., Digong Rv. and Jaintia Hills ; coll. Colonel
H. H. Godwin-Austen.

Well represented by M. Brot's pi. II, fig. ]3.
6 Sylhet ; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal.

288 MELANIIDJ3.

Very fine specimens, long. 28, diam. 22 mil., conf. Brot, pi.
fig. 12.

10 Sainagooting ; coll. S. E. Peal, Esq.
7 Cachar; coll. Dr. Jerdon [A. S. B.].
12 Assam; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka.
30 Silcuri [Cachar] ; coll. J. Wood- Mason, Esq.

subvar. cherraensis, nov.

Long. 16, diam. 13|, mil. A short spired form, closely re
sembling P. globulosa in shape.

6 Teria Ghat [type subvar.} ; colL Colonel H. H. Godwin -Austen.
2 Mangken River, Assam ; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen.

subvar. dihiriensis, nov.

Long. 17|, diam. 12 mil.

6 Stream on the Dihiri Hill [Brahmaputra watershed]; coll. Colonel
H. H. Godwin-Austen.

subvar. chittagongensis, nov.

Long. 21, diam. 14 mil.

Eesembling M. Brot's pi. II, fig. 13, but with the spire even
' more produced and the last whorl less tumid.

) 10 Chittagong [type var.] j coll. H. Ruban, Esq.

var. sibsaugorensis, nov.

Long. 20, diam. 14| mil. Agrees well with M. Brot's pi. 8,
figs. 8-9, " P.paludinoides, Reeve, Himalaya," which is probably
this variety and not Reeve's Sikkim form.

8 Sibsagar ; coll. S. E. Peal, Esq.

var. pealiana, nov.
Long. 19J, diam. 15 mil.

5 Assam ; ex c. Asiat. Soo. Bengal [coll. Robinson, Esq."!.
1 Sibsagar ; coll. S. E. Peal, Esq.

289

var. jaintiaca, nov.

Long. 14 J, diaxn. 10 mil. Spire not decollate, unusually sharp-
pointed.

4 S. Jaintia Hills j coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen.

var. kopiliensis, nov.

Long. 24 J, diam. 21 mil. Whorls 1J only, the apical ones
being decollate, last whorl remarkably inflated, subangulate.

10 Kopili River, North Assam ; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen.
10 North Assam ; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham.

subvar. nana, nov.

Long. 16, diam. 14J mil. Only 1J whorls.
4 W. Khasi Hills ; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin- Austen.

var. paludinoides.

Paludomus paludinoides, Reeve, P. Zool. Soc., 1852, Ganges.

This is perhaps a distinct species, but my series is not large
enough for me to judge.

2 Sikkim ; coll. Captain Sherwill [A. S. B.].
These agree with Con. Indica, pi. 123, fig. 9.

subvar.

2 Sikkim ; coll. Captain Sherwill [A. S. B.].
Like the preceding, but spirally sulcate.

subvar.

3 Sikkim ; coll. Captain Sherwill [A. S. B.].

2. Paludomus ornata.

Paludomus ornata, Benson, Ann. Mag. XVII, 1856, "Reyno fiurmanico,"
long. 18, diam. 13 mil. ; Con. Indica. pi. 108, jig. 8, and Conch.-Cab. I/,
pi. 7, figs. 18-20 \operculum lene].

6 Pegu ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
20 Ava and Mandalay ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

T

290 MELANIJD2E.

3. Paludomus andersoniana.

Paiudomus andersoniana, G. Nevill, Journ. Asiat. Soc., Bengal, 1877, Bhamd
L c. 1881, pi. F, fig. 2.

30 Bhamo [type], Mandahiy, Ara, and Kabyaet > coll. Dr. J. Anderson,

var. myadoungensis.

P. anderaoniana, var. myadoungensis, G. Nevill, J. A. S. B., 1881, Mya-

A small, decollate, and prettily marked variety, with the
whorls more rounded.

Long. 15, diam. 12 mil.
2 Myadoung, Upper Burma [type var.] ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

subspecies peguensis [an potius sp. (list. ?].

Paludomus andersoniana, var. peguensis, G. Nevill \an sp. n. ?], Journ.
Asiat. Soc., Bengal, 1877, Pegu ; Con. Indica, pi. 108. fig. 6, as " P.
regulata, var."} Brot, Conch.- Cab. II, pi. 7, figs. 2-3, as " P. andet ••

20 Pegu Yoma [type var.] ; coll. Dr. F, Stoliczka, &c.
3 Ava [?] ; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

subvar. nana.

G. Nevill, J. A. 8. B., 1S81, Pegu.

Long. 15, diam. 11 mil. Spiral sculpture a trifle less distinct,
12 Pegu; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka.

4. Paludomus regulata.

Paludomus regulata, Benson, Ann. Mag. XVII, 1856, Thyet-Myo, long.
19 to 24, diam. 12 to 14 mil. ; Con. Indica, pi. 108, Jiff. 5 ; Brot,
ConcJi.'Cdb, II, pi. 7, figs. 14 and 17 [not 15~\.

5 Thyet Myo; ex c, Asiat. Soc., Bengal [coll. W. Theobald, Esq.].
20 Prome ; coll. W. T. Blanford. Esq.

The largest I have seea measures long. 24, diam. 17 mil.

MELANIIDJI. 291

subvar. minor.
Brot, Conch.-Cab. II, pi. 7, jig. 16.

8 Burma ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
Long. 15}, diam. 10 mil.

5. Paludomus blanfordiana.

Paludomus blanfordiana, G. Nevill, J. As. Soc., Bengal, 1877, Ava, Sfc.t
and I. c. 1881, pi. V, fig. 3 ; Con. Indica. pi. 108, fig. 9, as " P. labiata*
from Tongoop " [not P. labiata, Season, from Tenasserini].

12 Ava [type] and Bassein District [Arakan] ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson, &c.
25 Gowhatty [Assam] ; coll. Museum Collector.

6. Paludomus petrosa.

Paludina petrosa, Gould, P. Bost. S. 1843, Tavoy; — Paludomus labiosa,
Benson, Ann. Mag. 1856, Tenasserim Valley, long. 13, diam. 11 mil. ;
[not P. labiosa, Con. Indica, pi. 108, fig. 9, from Tongoop~] ; Nevill,
J. A. S. B., 1881, pi. V, fig. 5, Tavoy.

7 Tavoy [typical] ; coll. W. Theobald, Esq. [A. S. B.].

Gould's original description I consider excellent, though
unfortunately he gives no measurements ; at any rate it is quite
unmistakeable ; Benson probably overlooked it, owing to the
species having been described as a Paludina.

7. Paludomus burmanica.

Paludomus burmanica, G. Nevill, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1877, Yaylaymaio,
$c., long. 14k, diam. 12 mil, and I. c. 1881, pi. V, fig. 4; Brot, Conch.-
Cab. II, pi. 8, fig. 12 [*p. .?«».].

8 Mandalay [not quite adult] ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.
7 Yaylaymaw [type] ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson.

8. Paludomus species ?

3 Java ? [not quite adult] ; coll. Baron von Richthofen.

9. Paludomus reticulata.

Paludomus reticulata, W. T. Blanford, J. As. Soc., Bengal, 1870, N. Cachar,
alt. 19, diam. 17 mil. ; Con. Indica, pi. 108, fig. 4.

6 Mangken River, N. Jaintia [typical] ; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-
A us ten.

292 MELANIIDJE.

10. Paludomus isseli.

Paludomus isseli, Brot, Conch.-Cab. II, 1880, for P. crassus, Issel, Ann.
Mus. Civ. Geneva, 1874, p. 458, Sarawak [not P. crassus, BuscJi\.

3 Sarawak [typical] ; ex c. Prof. A. Issel.

Can be easily distinguished from P. conica [— crassa, Busch]
by its smaller size, absence of any trace of bands within the
aperture, and, especially, by there being no trace of the impress-
ed spiral sulcations near the suture so characteristic of P.
conica.

Long. 18, diam. 13J mil.

11. Paludomus lutea.

Paludomus lutea, H. Adams, P. Zool. 8,, 1874, Borneo ;=P. moreleti,
Issel, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 1874, Borneo, long. 15, diam. 9 mil.

1 Sarawak [typical] ; ex c. Prof. A. Issel.

12. Paludomus borneensis, n. sp.

Issel, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 1874, Sadong, as Paludina Tiamiltoni,
Metcalfe, var persolida, nov. ; Martens, Zool. Eec. XII, 1875, p. 164.

2 Sadong, Sarawak [type] ; ex c. Prof. A. Issel.

13. Paludomus obesa.

Melania obesa, PMlippi, Abb. 1847, pi. 4, fig. 3 [bene] Sab. ? ;=P. [Rivu-
lina~] maculatus, Lea, Proc. Philad. Ac. 1856, Ahmednuggur and
Obs. XI, pi. 22, fig. 10; l=P.parva, Layard, Ann. Mag. 1855, Bombay
[not of Brot, or Con. Indica~\.

20 Bombay Pres. ; coll Rev. S. B. Fairbank, &c.

18 Khandala ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank.

20 Rajgbur Hill, Deccan ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.

14. Paludomus chilihoides.

Paludomus chilinoides, Reeve, Icon. 1847 , fig . 7 , Ceylon; Conch-Cab. II,
pl.6,figs.8—9.

6 Ballepane, Ceylon ; coll, H. F. Blanford, Esq. [A. S. B.].

5 Ceylon ; coll. E. L. Layard and Dr. Kelaart [A. S. B.].

20 Ceylon ; coll. H. F. Blanford and H. Nevill, Esqrs.

4 Balcadua Pass, Ceylon ; ex c. As, Soc., Bengal.

MELANIIDjE. 293

var. [? disk sp.].

1 Hangwelle Ella, Badulla ; coll. F. Layavd, Esq.
Probably quite a distinct species.

var. Igevis.

Paludomus laevis, Layard, Ann. Mag. 1855, long. 11, diam. 7 lines, " same
Locality as P. chilinoides" ; Conch.-Cab. II, pi. 7, Jla. 1 [bene], not
Con. Indica, pi. 108, fig. 3.

7 Ceylon j coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [sent as " P. lavis, Lay.' ].

A very distinct and well-marked form, perhaps specifically
separable. Much more divergent from typical specimens than
any of the forms so well represented by Mr. H. F. Blanford, 1. c.
It is a quite distinct form from that figured in the Con. Indica,
as recorded further on.

15. Paludomus fulgurata.

Paludomus fulguratus, Dohrn, P. Zool, S. 1857, Ceylon f Con. Indica,
pi. 123, fig. 1 ; P. chilinoides, var., Brot, Conch.-Cab, II, pi. 6,
fig. 11 ; ?=P. phasianinus, Reeve, P. Z. S. 1852, " Seychelles."

1 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [labelled " very rare "].

Quite distinct from the preceding species, as well shown by
the figures iu Con. Indica. Hanley's fig. 62, Conch. Misc.,
as P. phasianinus, Bv., is almost certainly the same sp. There
can, in my opinion, te no doubt of Reeve's error as to the
locality ; it most certainly never came from the Seychelles.

16. Paludomus constricta.

Paludomus constrictus, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852, Ceylon, " colL Layard ";
Con. Indica, pi. 126, fig. 1 ; P. chilinoides var., Brot, Conch.- Cub. II,
pi. 6, fig. 15.

4 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [sent as " P. tumida, nov."].
6 Ceylon ; ex c. Dr. F, Stoliczka [coll. H. Nevill, Esq.].

The above-quoted fig. in the Conch.-Cab. is, as noted by M.
Brot, not characteristic. The last whorl is as often ornamented
with rows of small dots as it is without them ; the painting
is, however, of a different character from that of P. chilinoides.

294 MELANIID.ZE.

Mr. Layard, in the Ann. Mag. for 1855, describes the operculum
as " typical, but apex much inclined to the left."

17. Paludomus tanjoriensis [emend.].

Helix tanschaurica, Gmelin, Syst. 1790'; Chemnitz, Conck.-Cab. /, Vol. IX,
1786, as Helix tanschauriensis of Gmelin ; emend. H. F. Blanford,
Trans. Lin. Soc. 1863.

5 Poonamalee, Madras ; ex c. Asiatic Soc., Bengal.
30 Madras ; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq.
20 Trichinopoly ; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq.
30 Courtalier Kv. ; ex c, Madras Museum.

var. palustris.

Paludomus palustris, Layard, Ann. Mag. 1855, Ceylon.

1 Ceylon ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.
*1 Ceylon ; coll. E.L. Layard, Esq. [A. S. B.].
13 Ceylon ; coU. H. Nevill, Esq.

I unhesitatingly agree with Mr. Blanford, in opposition to the
decided opinion of M. Brot, in uniting the Madras and Ceylon
forms ; the greater relative shortness of the last whorl is the
most marked character, the peculiar sculpture, as shown in the
Con. Indica, pi. 126, figs. 2-3, is seen in young specimens of
both. The keels of the apical whorls are difficult to detect
in the Ceylon form, specimens being always more or less decol-
late ; nevertheless they can be traced every now and then.

var. kadapaensis, nov. [dist. sp. ?].

3 Kadapa District, Madras ; coll. W. King, Esq.

Apparently without sculpture ; apex not acute ; spire pointed, of
four to five whorls, longitudinally, regularly, handsomely flamed,
somewhat as in P. parva, Layard, but in a less " zigzag "
manner. Long. 15 J, diam. 9f mil ; spire slightly eroded only.

var. malatoarica, nov.

9 Travancore ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome.
5 Pulney Hills j coll. Kev. S. B. Fairbank.

Decollate and in shape exactly resembling the Ceylon var.
palustris ; decussating striae, however, obsolete in the adult,
as in the typical Madras form, spiral striation very variable

MELANIIDJE. 295

in amount of development. Long. 16|, diam. 11| mil. ;
decollate, three whorls only remaining.

18. Paludomus monile.

Paludomus monile [Thorpe], Hanley, C*n. Indica, pi. 108, fig. 10, S. India ;
fide Brot=P* olesa, PMl^ ear.

3 Udamancaola, Travancore ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome [14|, 11].

3 Travancore ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome.

1 Trevandrum ; ex c. W. Theobald, Esq. [coll. Bourdilion, Esq.].

An interesting form intermediate between my preceding var.
kadapaensis and the figure (1. c.) of P. monile. This species is
evidently quite unknown to M. Brot, except, of course, from the
original figure, which is not good, being far too brightly
coloured, &c.

I Balarangam [spec, juv.] ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome.

Unfortunately only a single, not adult, specimen, apparently
of typical P. monile.

6 South Travancore ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome.

19. Paludomus rotunda.

Paludomus rotunda, W. T. Blanford, J. As. 8. Benff. 1870, Traoa*eore> alt—
IS, diam. 14 mil. ; Coit. Indiea, pi. 108, fig. 2.

10 Balarangam, Anamallays [typical] ; colL Colonel R. H. Beddome.

var. microstoma, nov.

Long. 11, diam. 10 mil. Much eroded, 1J whorls only re-
maining.

6 Anainallay Rivers ; coll. Colonel R, H. Beddome.

7 Madura Hills ; coll. Colonel R. fl. Beddome.

20. Paludomus inflata.

Paludomus inflatus, Brot, Conch.-Cab. II, 1879, pi. S, fig*. 25—26, Traoan-
core and Amerghat, long. 18, diam. 14 mil.

3 Travancore ; colL Colonel R. H. Beddome.
3 Tinnevelly ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome.

Much finer and more characteristic than the type specimens.
Long. 23, diam. 19 mil.

296 MELANITD^J.

21. Paludomus, sp.

Con. Indica.pl. 108, fig. 3, as Pal. Icevis [not of Layard\.

2 Ceylon ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

Quite distinct from P. chilinoides, may prove to be a var.
of the preceding species, or even possibly of P. tanjoriensis.
There can be no doubt as to the error of identification in the
Con. Indica ; the last whorl is more or less ornamented with
flames, and the sculpture is distinct and peculiar ; all of these
characters the above recorded two specimens possess ; finally, it
is not in the least like P. chilinoides. Layard distinctly states his
P. Icevis is smooth and without ornamentation on the last whorl ;
he further considers it doubtfully distinctly from P. chilinoides ;
in all of these respects the shell sent to me by my brother as
P. Icevis, Lay., agrees perfectly ; this latter form is figured
neither by H. F. Blanford, nor in the Con. Indica.

22. Paludomus ajanensis.

Paludomus ajanensis, Morelet, Ser. Conch. II, I860, Hafoun near Cape
Guardafui, long. 11, diam. Q\ mil.; — P. bacula, Brot [not of Reeve].

15 Mahe I., Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.
4 Loc. ? ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

The measurements agree exactly with those of M. Morelet ;
the spire is rather more acuminate, and the whorls less convex,
than in original figure.

var. silhouettensis, nov.
Paludomus, n. sp. ?, Nevill, P. Zool. S. 1869, Silhouette.

Under the lens, beautifully and regularly, very closely, spirally
striate, striae not so coarse as in the preceding, nor so flexuous,
but closer together ; spire shorter, decollate, in the adult speci-
men of two whorls only, in the one not quite adult of three ;
texture less solid, epidermis of a brighter green ; whorls more
convex, the last one more globosely tumid ; aperture larger in
proportion and more everted. Adult type of variety — long. 9,
diam. 6 J mil. ; operculum resembles that of typical specimens.

2 Silhouette I., Seychelles [type var.] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq.

23. Paludomus striatula.

Paludomus striatula, H. Nevill, MS. '

2 Ceylon [type] j coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [sent as " P. striata, nov.].

297

Long. 18, diam. 13 J mil. ; strongly decollate, two whorls only
remaining.

M. Brot's pi. 7, figs. 7-8 in the Conch.-Cab. P. isseli, from
Borneo, gives an exact representation of this new and rare
Ceylon form ; the well-developed, crowded, almost granulose
spiral striation will at once distinguish it.

24. Paludomus africana.

Paludomus af ricanus, von Martens, Monats. Berlin, 1878, p. 297, Finboni,
coast of Zanzibar.

2 Somali Land [typical] ; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn.

Prof, von Martens has also described a Paludomus exarata,
1. c., from the same highly interesting locality. Mr. Smith
in P. Z. S., 1881, p. 294, seems to consider the form as not
separable from Melania ferruginea, Lea, P. Z. S., 1850, Zanzi-
bar=JfeZ. zanquebarica, Petit, J. de C., 1852.

25. Paludomus stephanus.

Melania stephanus, Benson, J. A. 8. B., 1836, N. IS. Bengal ; Con. Indica,
pi. 122, fig. 10;= Melania coronata [v. d. BuscJi], Phil. Abb. 1842,
Bengal.

11 Sylhet [types] ; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal.

20 Khasi Hills ; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin- Austen.

Grows to a large size — long. 28|, diain. 22 mil.

26. Paludomus travancorica.

Paludomus travancorica, Beddome ms., Stanford, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
1881, Travancore.

4 Travancore [typical] ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddorne.

27. Paludomus microsculpta, n. sp.

2 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [sent as " P. striata, nov., very rare "].

Sub-Genus PHILOPOTAMIS, Layard.
Ann. Mag. 1855, type Pal. sulcata, Reeve.

Mr. Layard states, 1. c., that the section inhabits mountain
torrents, and describes the operculum as possessing a terminal
nucleus.

298

28. Paludomus [Philopotamis] globulosa.

Melania globulosa, Gray, Griffith's Cumer, 1834, var. = P. bicinctus, Rv. fide
Auct.

20 Ambegamrooa, &c., Ceylon ; coll. H. F. Blanford and H. Nevill, Esqrs.

Specimens, even in yonth, very rarely show such bands within
the aperture as are depicted in Con. Iconica, pi. 123, fig. 5.

29. Paludomus [Philopotamis] bicincta.

Palndomus bicinctus, Reeve, Proe. Zool. Soc. 1852, " Mountain streams
in Ceylon " ; Hanley, Conch. Misc. 1854, Jiff. 42 [type] ; a true
Paludomus, fide Layard, Ann. Mag. 1855 ; fide Brot = P. abbreviate,
Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852, Ceylon.

5 Ceylon ; ex c. Asiatic Soc. Bengal [coll. E. L. Layard, Esq.].

These agree with Mr. Hanley's figure, 1. c., and M. Brot's pi. 5,
fig, 11. They measure — long. 20, diam. 15J mil.

15 Balcadua Pass, &c., Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill and H. F. Blanford,

Esqrs,

A smaller form than the preceding, agreeing with Con.
Indica, pi. 123, fig. 10, and with M. Brot, pi. 5, figs. 6-7.

4 Ceylon ; coll. E. L. Layard, Esq. [A. S. B.].
A form with contracted aperture.

so. Paludomus [Philopotamis] rapseformis.

Paludomus rapaeformis, Brott Conch.- Cab. II, 1880, pi. 5, fig. 10, Locality?,
« ex coll. Angas."

2 Matelle, Ceylon ; coll. F. Layard, Esq. [as " P. bicinctus " var.].

A very distinct species, admirably described by M. Brot, and
which I had long intended describing myself. I have little
doubt M. Brot's specimens were from the same source as mine,
Mr. Angas having been in correspondence with the late Mr.
F. Layard.

31. Paludomus [Philopotamis] sulcata.

Paludomus sulcatus, Reeve* Icon. 1847, Ratnapoora, Ceylon.

12 Avisavella, &c., Ceylon ; coll. H. F. Blanford and H. Nevill, Esqrs.

MELANIUX2G. 299

subvar. minor.
Conf. Brot, pi. 5, fig. 18, Ceylon.
6 Ceylon ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

var. contracta, nov.

Brot, Conch.- Cab. II, pi. 5, Jigs. 19-20, as " P. sulcatus, var.," from
Peradenia.

6 Ambegammoa, Ceylon ; coll. H. F. Blanf ord, Esq.

var. compact a.

*' Philopotamis compacta, n. sp", H. Nevill, in lilt, as " almost extinct."
1 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq.

Remarkable for its small aperture. Long. 16J, diam. llf
mil.

32. Paludomus [Philopotamis] regalis.
Paludomus regalis, Layard, Ann. and Mag. 1855, Ceylon.
10 Ceylon ; coll. H. F. Blanford and H. Nevill, Esqrs.

33.|Paludoinus [Philopotamis] nigricans.

Paludomus nigricans, Reeve, Icon. 1847, Ceylon, at 6,000 ft.—" anfr. Icevibus
subanffulatis."

14 Newera Ellia, Ceylon j coll. H. Nevill and F. Layard, Esqrs.

My brother sent to Dr. Stoliczka this, the typical form, as
" Phil, misconceptus," nov., evidently considering it distinct from
the following, in which view he may prove to be correct.

var. subgranulosa, nov. [? dist. sp.].

Brot, Conch.- Cab. II, 1880, pi. 6, fig. 6, Newera Ellia, as "var. J5."
12 Ceylon ; coll. H, F. Blanford, Esq.

34. Paludomus [Philopotamis] ventricosula.

Paludomus ventricosula, H. Nevill, Esq., Ms., Brot, Conch.-Cdb. II, 1880,
pi. 5, Jiff. 3, as Philopotamis violacea, Layard.

Both shell and operculum admirably figured as above by
M. Brot; it is, as there stated, a true Philopotamis^ whereas

300 MELANIID^.

P. violacea is a true Tanalia. The latter is not in Mr. H. F.
Blanford's collection, and is apparently unknown to Messrs.
Brot and Hanley.

2 Ceylon [with opercula] ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq.

2 " Kandapanne Ella, 4 Corles," Ceylon ; coll. F. Layard, Esq.

Sent to me as Paludomus, n. sp.

2 Hack^alle, Ceylon [with opercula] ; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq. [labelled
" T. violacea"].

35. Paludomus [Philopotamis] erronea, nov.

Con. Indica, pi. 108, jig. 7, as P. parva {not of Layard'] ; ? P. phasia-
ninus, Layard, Ann. Mag. 1855, Ceylon [not of Keevel.

6 Hackgalle, Ceylon [at 5,500 ft.] ; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal [coll. E. L.

Layard, Esq.].
20 Ceylou ; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq.

This is most certainly not the P. parva, of Layard — long. 6
diam. 4 lines — from Bombay " with fine, spiral, brown lines,"
which is most likely a var. of P. obesa, Philippi.

The only ally, I know, of Paludomus erronea is P. nigricans,
of which Mr. H. F. Blanford considers it a smooth variety ; the
above-quoted figure, however, shows the differences at a glance.
The operculum is that of Philopotamis. Long. 10J, diam. 6J
mil.

Apparently it is not figured by M. Brot ; the nearest seems
to be his pi. 6, fig. 14, " P. chilinoides, var. phasianinus."

36. Paludomus [Philopotamis] subdentata.

Paludomus subdentata, H. Nevill, MS.

Resembles Brot's pi. II, fig. 2 [P. nigricans].

Almost smooth, prettily longitudinally striped, " flames " only
slightly flexuous ; columella very broadly excavated, alabaster
white, subdentate at base ; spire truncate, two whorls only re-
maining, the last one convexly swollen ; flames are discernible
within the aperture.

Long. 13|, diam. 9| mil.
2 Coylon [type] ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq.

MELANIIDJ3. 301

37. Paludomas [Philopotamis] decussata.

Paludomus decussatus, Reeve, P. Zool. 8. 1852, Ceylon, " coll. Layard " -,
Philopotamis sp., H. F. Stanford [not Brof],

1 Ceylon [with operc.] j coll. H. Nevill, Esq., [as " very rare"]
3 John's Hill, Ceylon; coU. H. F. Blanford, E.q.

The characteristic sculpture is very distinct in my brother's
fine specimen.

Sub-Genus TANALIA, Gray.

Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854, type Nerita aculeata, Chemnitz ; sect. = Stomatodon,
Benson, Ann. Mag. 1862, type Pal. stomatodon \_dist. Genus, fide Brot,
ISSO'}.

Mr. Layard states that the section inhabits mountain tor-
rents.

Dr.f Stoliczka described and figured a tertiary species from
the N". E. Alps as T. pichleri, Homes, in the Sitz. K. Ak.
Wien XXXVIII, 1859 ; I think this form is correctly classi-
fied, but probably his figs. 7-9 represent a distinct species from
fig. 6.

38. Paludomus [Tanalia] aculeata.

Nerita aculeata, Chemnitz, Conch.-Cab. fig. 1642. 1786 [not Nerita aculeata,
Qmelin = Neritina sp.~\ ; fide Brot, 1880, should be Tanalia loricata,
Reeve, Icon. 1847, Rapids of Adam's Peak, Ceylon; fide Brot, var. =
Tanalia similis, Layard.

30 Ceylon ; coll. H. F. Blanford and H. Nevill, Esqrs.
Long. 40, diam. 35 mil.

subvar. erinacea.

Paludomus erinaceus, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852, Ceylon ; = P. skinneri,
Dohrn, P. Zool. Soc. 1857, Ceylon.

7 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq.
I cannot separate P. skinneri, Dohrn, even as a sub- variety.

var. undata.

Paludomus undatus, Reeve, Icon. 184$, "Adam's Peak, Ceylon" [fide Brot,
not adult}.

15 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill and H. F. Blanford, Esqrs.

302 MELANIID^l.

var. nodulosa.

Paludomus nodulosus, Dohrn, P. Zool. S. 1857, Ceylon.

3 Batnapoora; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [as " P.funiculata, Rv."J.

subvar. aeroa.

Paludoinus aereus, Reeve, P. Zool. S. 1852, Ceylon.

The following agree fairly with M. Brot's figs., but not with
that of the Con. Indica.

6 Ceylon ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

var. reevei.

Tanalia reevei, Layard, Ann. Mag. 1855, Ceylon, Ratnapoora.

1 Ceylon ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

2 Ceylon; coll. H. Nevill, Esq.

Resemble Con. Indica, pi. 124, fig. 5.
subvar. minor.

5 Ceylon ; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq.
Resemble Conch.-Cab. II, pi. 3, fig. 10.

var. layardi.

Paludomus layardi, Reeve, P. Zool. S. 1852, Ceylon.

1 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [as " P. nodulosa, Dohrn "].
Long. 27f, diam. 24 J mil.

The interior markings are "arrow-headed " and very beauti-
ful. It is unlike both Brot's and Hanley's figures, — nearer the
latter.

var. funiculata.

Paludomus funiculatus, Reeve, Icon. 1847, Ratnapoora in Ceylon ; ? = P.
picta, of Brot, pi. 4, figs. 2 and 3 {not of Layard].

14 Ceylon j coll. H. F. Blanford and H. Nevill, Esqrs.

SOS

var. picta.
Paladomus pictus, Reeve, Icon. 1857, Ceylon, Ratnapoora.

4 Ceylon ; ex c. Asiat. Soc., Bengal [coll. E. L. Layard,!Esq.].
4 Yatteantotte, Ceylon j coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq.

subvar. distinguenda.

Paludomus distinguendus, DoJirn, P. Zool. Soc. 1857, Ceylon.

8 Kitoolgalle, &c., Ceylon ; coll. H. P. Blanford and H. Nevill, Esqrs.

These last resemble M. Brot's pi. 4, fig. 4, " P. distinguenda,
Dohrn," not the P. distinguenda of Con. Indica.

subvar. [?]
1 Ceylon ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

subvar. torrenticola.

Paludomus torrenticola, Dohrn, P, Zool. S. 1858, Ceylon.

3 Ceylon; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [as "P. distinguendus, rare"~\.

Agree only fairly with Messrs. Brot's and Hanley's figures, —
a rather smaller form.

39. Paludomus [Tan alia] neritoides.

Paludomus neritoides, Reeve, Icon. 1847, Ambegamoa, Ceylon.

12 Pusilawe, Ballepane, &c., Ceylon ; coll. H. F. Blanford and H. Nevill,
Esqrs.

4 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [as « T. picta "].

subvar. dilatata [?]

Paludomus dilatatus, Reeve, P. Zool. S. 1852, Ceylon.

1 Ceylon; coll. H. Nevill, Esq.

var. gardneri.

Paludomus gardneri, Reeve, Icon. 1847, " Foot of Adam's Peak."

2 Ceylon ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq.

304 MELANIID2E.

var. thwaitesi [?]
Paludomus thwaitesi, Layard, P. Zool. S. 1854, Ceylon.

1 Ceylon ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka.

var. tennenti.

Paludomus tennentii, Reeve, Icon. 1847, " Adam's Peak."

13 Ballepane, &c., Ceylon ; coll. H. F. Blanford and H. Nevill, Esqrs.

var. globOSa.
P. neritoides, var. globosa, Srot, Conch.-Cab. II, 1880, pi. 8, fig. 1.

2 Ceylon ; ex c.G. Nevill, Esq.

var. dromedarius.

Paludomus dromedarius, Dohrn, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1857, Ceylon.
2 Ceylon; ex c. Madras Museum.

sub var.

P. picta, var. pi. 4, fig. 3, is perhaps this form ; in any case it
is a very distinct and curious variety.

2 Ceylon; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [28, 23].

40. Paludomus [Tanalia] solida.

Paludomus solidus, DoJirn, P. Zool. Soc. 1857, Ceylon.
1 Ceylon; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka [12, 9f].

Agrees exactly with M. Brot's pi. 4, fig. 7b. It is probably
e of Mr. H. F. Blanford's specimens from Hodlangkanda,

one
Kirime.

41. Paludomus [Tanalia] hanleyi.

Paludomus hanleyi, DoTirn, P. Zool. S. 1858, Ceylon, long. 18, diam. 13 mil,
Con. Indica, 125, jig. 10.

7 Elletotta Ella and Kaloopaliana, Uluawah, Ceylon; coll. F. Layard,
Esq.

MELANIID2E. 305

Agree exactly with the figure in Con. Indica, and with
original description and measurements.

var. subpicta.

2 Yatteantotte, Ceylon; coll. H F. Blanford, Esq., ex c. As. Soc
Bengal.

var. major [? dist. sp.].
Long. 23, diam. 20 mil.
4 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [as "P. ? Hanleyi"~\.

The preceding two forms do not agree well together, nor with
any figure in the Conch.-Cab. or Con. Indica. The very broad
and excavate columella, faintly stained with light brown, is a
good characteristic of all the group.

42. Paludomus [Tanalia] stomatodon.

Paludomus stomatodon, Benson, Ann. Mag. 1862, Travancore; sect. Sterna-
todon.

20 Travancore, at 1,000 to 5,000 ft, ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank.

43. Paludomus [Tanalia ?], n. sp.

1 Khasi Hills ; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen.
Long. 18, diam. 15 mil.

Unfortunately, does not possess its operculum. There is
nothing like it in Mr. H. F. Blanford's collection, nor can I
find any figure at all approaching it.

44 Paludomus [Tanalia] violacea.

Paludomus violaceus, Layard, Ann. Mag. 1855, long. 6, diam. 5 lines;
" between Gillymalle and Pallabaddoola, near Adam's Peak;" Con.
Indica, pi. 122, fig. 1; not Philopotamis violacea, Brot [= Phil,
ventricosula Nev.].

3 Ceylon; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [as "P. violacea"].

The opercula are those of a true Tanalia ; I do not think
there can be any doubt whatever that this is the true T. violacea.
The specimens were collected by my brother in the original
locality.

306 MELANIID33.

var. similis.
Paludomus similts, Layard, Ann. Mag. 1855, p. 138, near Ratnapoora.

A rather larger, smoother, and lighter-coloured variety, agree-
ing in all essential characters, those of the columella, &c.

1 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [as " P. similis, Lay."].
From the original locality, I believe.

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