f' ^•■ ^ I wmmmmm'E-mm ];y Oihc ^ruBtecs THE INDIAN MUSEUM Wisconsin Academy OF SCIENCES, ARTS, AND LETTEBS " - ^ -D ■^— LT) ^^■^■■^ m 11 lOHA (—1 MBL/V 11 a i-q a =^=: m CD a =^ HAND LIST OF MOLLUSCA. INDIAN Museum. OFFICE OF SU?ER1NTEXDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, 166, DHURRUMTOLLAH STREET. /5I//) HAND LIST s OF \-^ MOLLUSC a"' IN THE INDIAN MUSEUM, CALCUTTA, BY GEOFFREY NEVILL, C.M.Z.S. Part II. GASTROPODA. Prosobranchia-Neurobraiicliia (cofttd.). CALCUTTA : PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 1884. PREFACE Since the Pirst Part of the Hand List of Mollusca was published, Mr. Nevill has been compelled by the failing state of his health to resign his appointment as Pirst Assistant in the Indian Museum. Before his departure for Europe, on the 12th March, 1883, he had made over to me the manuscript of the Second Part of the Hand List, which was shortly afterwards placed in the hands of the printer ; but as the majority of the proofs had to be sent to Europe to Mr. Nevill for correction, the printing has consequently been much delayed. It is to be regretted that Mr. Nevill's resignation will prevent any further Parts appearing, until a qualified person has been found to complete the work he has so well begun. JOHN ANDERSON, Snperintende7d. The 25th January 1885, NAMES OF CONTRIBUTORS MENTIONED IN THIS HAND LIST. Adams: Mr. H, A. Adams, Eng-laud. Ancey : Mr, C. F. Ancey, Marseilles. ANDERSON: Dr. .1. Anderson, F.R.S., Superintendent, Indian Museum. Aemsteong : Dr. J. Armstrong-, Marine Survey of India. IUll: Mr. Valentine Ball, F.R.S., late of the Geological Survey of ludin. Director of Museum of Science and Art, Dublin. Baxter : the Lite Mr. J. B. Baxter. Beadle : Reverend E. R. Beadle, Philadelphia. Beaufort: Miss Beaufort. Beddome: Colonel R. H. Bfddoine, late Conservator of Forests, Madras. Berkeley: Colonel E. S. Berkeley, Port Blair. Blanfoed: Mr. H. F. Blanford, F.R.S., Meteorological Reporter, Govern- ment of India. Blanfoed : Mr. W. T. Blanford, F.R.S., late Geological Survey of India. BouviKE: Mr. P. Bouviei-, Marseilles. Bowie: Major M. M. Bowie, Inspector-General, Police and Jails, Nagpore, Central Provinces. Beeviere: Mr. P. Breviere. Brown : Mr. W. A. Hrown. liUTLEE: the late Captain John Butler, Political Agent, Naga Hills. Caldwell: Mr. J. Caldwell, jMauritius. Chennell: Mr. A. W. Chenuell, Topographical Survey of India. Claeke : Mr. G. R. Clarke. CoCKBUEN: Mr. John Coekburn, Opium Department. Cox : Dr. J. C. Cox, Sydney. DoDGSON: Mr. W. Bodgson. DoHEN : Dr. H. Dohrn, Stettin, Germany. DupONT : Mr, Evenor Dupont, Mauritius. - Fagot : Mr. P. Fagot. Faiebank : Keverend S. B. Fairbank, Bombay. Fedden: Mr. F. Fedden, Geological Survey of India. FOLIN : Marquis Leopold de Folin, Biarritz. Ford : Colonel B. Ford, formerly Superintendent of Port Blair and Nicobars. Fritsch : Dr. G. A. Fritsch, Berlin. Godwin-Austen : Lieutenant- Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, F.R.S., late Deputy Superintendent, Topographical Survey of India. VI Hacket : Mr. C. A. Racket, Geolop^ieal Survey of Tnrlia. HUNGERFORD : Dr, Richard Hungerford, British Medical Service. HUTTOK : the late Captain F. W. Hutton, Bengal Stuff Corps. Irving : Mr. C. J. Irving, Auditor General, Straits Settlement. ISSEL: Professor Arturo Issel, Genoa. Jekdon: the late Dr. T. C. Jeidon. JiCKELi: Dr. C. F. Jickeli, Wiirzhurg, Germany. Jolt : Mr. P. Joly. Kelaart : the late Dr. E. F. Kelaart, Ceylon. King : W. King, D. Sc, Deputy Superintendent, Geological Survey. KuRZ : the late Mr. S. Kurz, Curator of the Herbarium, Botanical Gardens, Sibpore. Latard: Mr. E. L. Layard, H.B.M.'s Consul, Noumea. Layahd : the late Mr. Frederic Layard. Lea : Mr. J. Lea. Lewis : Captain T. J. Lewis, R.N.R. Lienard : Mr. Lienard. LiMBOEG : Mr. O. Limhorg. Mainwaeing : Major-General G. B. Mainwaring, late Bengal Staff Corps. Malherbe : Mr. A. Malherbe, France. Martens : Dr. Eduard von Martens, Berlin Museum. Moheenstern : Baron G. Schwartz von Mohrenstern. MOEELET: Mr. A. Morelet, Dijon, France. Mtjeeat: Mr. J. A. Murray, (Curator, Karachi Museum, Nevill: Mr. A. Nevill, Langham, England. NevilL: Mr. G. Nevill, late Indian Museum. Nevill: Mr. H. Nevill, Ceylon Civil Service. Nevill: Mr. T, F. Nevill. Newcomb: Professor Dr. W. Newcorab, Cornell University, America. Oldham: the late Mr. T. Oldham, LL.D., F.R.S., Superintendent, Geo- logical Survey of India. Peal: Mr. S. E. Peal, Sibsagar, Assam. Pease : the late Mr. H. Pease, Honolulu. Pellt : Miss Pelly. Powee: Surgeon-Major Power. Uaban: the late Mr. H. Raban, Bengal Civil Service. RiCHTHOEEN: Prot'essor Baron F. von Richthofen, Berlin. ROEPSTOEEF : the late Mr. F. A. de Roepstortf, Assistant Superintendent Andaman Islands. Rogers : the late Major Rogers, of Port Blair. Schneider : Mr. G. Schneider. Sempee : Professor Dr. C. Semper, Wiirzburg, Germany. Vll Shepaed : Professor Shepard. SheewilL: the late Captain Sherwill. SowERBY : the late Mr. G. B. Sowerhy, London. Stearns : Professor E. C, Stenrns, Washington. Stoliczea: the Kite Mr. P. Stoliczka, Ph.D., Paleontologist, Geological Survey of India, Temple : Captain R. C. Temple, Cantonment Magistrate, Uniballa. Theobald : Mr. W. Theobald, late Geological Survey of India. Tonnerre: Dr. E. C, Tonnerre, late Health Officer, Calcutta Municipality. TowNSEND: Dr. Edmond Tovvnscnd, British Medical Service. Troschel : the late Professor H. Troschel, Bonn, Germany. Warneford: Reverend J. Warnefoid, formerly Chaplain, Port Blair, Anda- man Islands. Webster : Mr. E. Webster, Liverpool. Weinkauff : Dr. H. C. Weinkauff, Kreuznach, Germany. WiLLSON : Mr. J. Willson, Bengal Educational Department. WiLMER: Major L. W. Wilmer, Her Majesty's 10th Begiment. Wise : Dr. Wise, Dacca. Wood-Mason : Mr. J. Wood-Mason, Deputy Superintendent, Indian Museum. Young: Mr. A. G. Young, Kulu, Kangra. VIU LIST OF ABBUIlVIATIONS OF NAMES OF AUTHORS. Ao, = Adams. Anth. = Aiitlioiiy. Bens, or Bs.= Benson. BL¥. = Blanfor(l. BouEG-. = Bourguignafc Beoc. = Brocchi. Britg. = Bruguiere. Bktjm. = Brumati. Caep. or Cpb. = Carpeiitor. Chaep. = Charpeutiei". Cles. = Clessin. Ce. & F. = Crosse & Fischer. Desii. = Deshayes. Desm. = Desmoulins. l)KR. = Duuker. Deap. = Draparnaud. I)yb.= Dybowski. Eyd. & Soui). = Eydoux and Soule- yet. Fabr. = Fabricius. Fee. = Ferussac. Fe. = von Frauenfeld. 0.- AtrsT. = Godwin- Ansten. Geest. = Gerstfeld. Gld. = Gould. GM. = Gmelin. GREDL. = Gredler. Griff. = Griffith. Hald. = HaUleraann. UANL. = Hanley. j£F. = Jeffreys. LAM. = Lainaick, Lay. = Layard. Less. = Lesson. ItlH =Linnsen3= Lov — Loven. MMLF. = Muhlfeld. ]\JiCH. = Michaud. Montee. = Monterosato. MoE. or MoEL. = Morelet. Mous. or Mss. = Mousson. MuLL. = Midler. NEV. = Nevill. Newc. = Newcomb. NiLS8. = Nilssou. OEB. = d'Orbigny. Palad. = Paludilhe. PAEE. = Parreyss. Paye. = Payrandeau. PFE. = Pfeiffer. PHlL.= Philippi. Rap. = Rafinesque. Eecl.= Recluz. RossM. = Rossmassler. Rv. = Reeve. ScHW. = Schwartz von Mobren- stern. Sdb. = Sandberger. Shut. = Shuttleworth. Soul. = Souleyet. Souv. = Souverbie. Sow. = So\verby. STOL. = Stoliczka. Sw. = Svvainson. T.-Canefri = Tapparone-Cane- fri. Theob. or Th. = Theobald. Teist = Tristram. Teosch. = Troschel. Val. = Valenciennes. SYSTEMATIC INDEX, Page Pagb I.-Sub-Class GASTKOPODA. Genus Somatogyrus . 59 II.— Order Peosobeanchia. „ Lithoglyphus . 59 Sub-Genus Spekia 61 11. —Sub-Order Ctenobeanchia. „ JuUienia . 61 I. — Group TAENIOGLOSSi . „ Lacunopsis Genus Emmericia 61 61 Section A. Holostoma — „ Pachydrobia . 62 Family Ampullariidse 1 „ Hemistomia 62 Genus Ampullaria - 1 „ Tricula . 62 Sub-Genus Pomus 8 „ Baikalia . 62 „ Saulea 13 ,, Trachybaikalia 63 Genus Marisa . 13 Sub-Family Skeneinae 63 ,, Lanistes . 13 Genus Skenea . 63 Family Valvatidse 15 Sub-Family Pomatiopsinae 63 Genus Valvata , 15 Genus Pomatiopsis . 63 Sub-Genus Lyogyrus . 17 Sub-Family Assiniineinse 64 Genus Heterocyclus 17 Genus Assiminea . 64 Family Paludinids9 18 Sub-Family Eissoininse 73 Genus Larina . •18 Genus Rissoina . 73 ,, Paludina 18 Sub-Genus Iravadia . 97 Sub-Genus Lioplax 31 „ Isseliella . . 98 „ Tulostoma 32 Genus Fairbankia 99 „ Campeloma 32 „ Folinia . . 100 Genus Cleopatra 33 „ Eissoa . . 100 „ Margarya . 33 „ Alvania . . 105 „ Neothauma 33 „ Fenella . . 113 Sub-Family Benedictiinse 34 „ Onoba . 119 Genus Benedictia 34 Sub-Genus Ceratia . 121 Sub-Family Bythiniinse 34 Hyala . 121 Genus Bythinia 34 Genus Ampbithalmus . 123 Sub-Genus Fossarulus . 42 „ Cingula . . 124 „ Hydrobioides . 42 Sub-Genus Putilla . . 126 Genus Stenothyra . 42 Genus Setia . 127 Family Eissoidse . 46 „ Nevillia . . 129 Sub-Family Hydrobiinae . 46 „ Eatouiella . 129 Genus Hydrobia . 46 „ Crossea . . 129 Sub-Genus Bythinella . 49 „ Anabathron . 130 „ Tryouia . . 55 „ Scaliola . . 130 „ Pseudamnicola . 55 „ Microstelma . . 132 Genus Amnicola . 56 „ Corena . . 132 Sub-Genus Pomatopyrgus . 57 „ Eissopsis . 132 Genus Cocbliopa . 58 Family Heterophrosynidse . 133 „ Flumiuicola . . 58 Genus Jeffreysia . 133 „ Gillia . . . 59 „ Barleeia . . 134 INDEX. Family Littorinidse Genus Littorina Sub-Genus Tectus „ Echinella Genus Limnotroclius „ Plesiotrochus Sub-Famil^y FossarinaB Genus Eisella . Sub-Genus Peasiella Genus Phaneta . „ Fossar Sub-Genus Coutbouyia Genus Conradia Sub-Genus Gottoina Genus Raulinia . „ Cithna . „ Fossarina Sub-Family Lacuninse Genus Cremnoconchus „ Stenotis . „ Lacuna . „ Modulus . Family Planaxidse Sub-Family LitiopinjB Genus Litiopa . „ Styliferina „ Diala „ Alaba . . „ Planaxis . . „ Quoyia . „ Holcostoma Family Melaniidse Sub-Family Ceriphasinse Genus lo . . „ Pleurocera Sub-Genus Strephobasis Genus Goniobasis Sub-Genus Schizostoma Page 135 ]35 155 157 157 157 158 158 159 162 162 166 168 170 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 175 177 177 177 178 179 181 184 193 193 193 193 194 194 196 196 202 Page Sub-Genus Mesescbiza 202 Genus Anculosa 202 Sub-Genus Eurycaelon 205 Genus Litbasia . 205 Sub-Genus Ano^itrema 205 Sub-Family Melaniinae 206 Genus Melanopsis 206 Sub-Genus Pseudhemisinus . 214 Genus Hemisinus 215 „ Doryssa . 216 „ Faunus . 217 Sub-Genus Melanatria 218 Genus Pirenopsis 218 „ Claviger . 219 „ Lartetia . 219 „ Oncomelania . 219 „ Tipbobia 219 „ Pyrgula .^ 220 „ Moitessipria 220 „ Lbotellieria 220 „ Paladilhia 220 „ Buo^esia . 221 „ Melania . 221 Sub-Genus Striatella . 231 „ Melanoides 248 „ Sulcospira 266 „ Nigritella . 268 „ Pucbycbilus 268 „ Acrostoma 270 „ Melanella . 271 „ Paramelania 272 Tarebia . 272 „ Tiara 278 „ Plotia 280 „ Mainwaringia . 286 Sub-l^^amily Paludominse 287 Genus Paludomns 287 Sub-Genus Philopotamis 297 , Tanalia 301 MOLLUSCA. IL Order PROSOBRANCHIA. 2. Sub-Order CTENOBRANCHIA, Schweigger. \_Fectinohranc1iia, Cuvier'], 1. Group TAENIOGLOSSA, Gray. Section A.—HOLOSTOMA, Blainville. 1. EamHy AMPULLARIID^, Guildlng, Genus AMPULLARIA, Lamarck, Prod. 1799 and Syst. anim. sans vert. 1801, type Relix ampullacea, Linn. 1. Ampullaria globosa. Ampullaria globosa, Swainson, Zool. III. 1822, " Indian Rivers^* ; Ampullaria orbata, Morch, \_as " of Perry 1811 "] ; from BangJcoJc, fide Morelet;fide Martens, Mai. JBl. 1857 : alt. 74, diam. 78 mil. 3 Jaraalpur and Gopalpur; coll. Dr. F. StoHczka. 50 Calcutta, Pt. Canning, Raniganj and Dacca; coll. Dr. F. StoHczka, J. Willson and G. Nevill, Esqrs. 4 Allahabad ; coll. Major L. W. Wilmer and J. Cockburn, Esq. 1 Sambalpur, Central Provinces ; coll. Colonel M. M. Bowie. 5 Manbhum ; coll. V. Ball, Esq. 11 Dum-Duni; coll. Major L. \V. Wilmer. 1 Kusiara River, above Panchuganj, Sylhet; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. This last specimen is very interesting, as it was found im- mediately associated with A. maura ! Calcutta jDecimens usually 2 AMPULLAHIIDJi:. have a yellow peristome, sometimes of deep orange or crimson colour, and occasionally of a pure white ! subvar. sinistrorsa, nov. Cat. Moll. Fasc. F, July 1877, p. 2, Calcutta. 1 Botanical Gardens, Calcutta; coll. Dr. J. Anderson (45, 43|). 1 Loc. ? ; ex c. Asiatic Soc. Bengal [labelled " Mauritius"]. var. minor. Ampullaria globosa, var. minor, Nevill, Cat. Moll. Fasc. F, 1877, Dmn- Dum : long. 36, d. 301 tnil. 8 Dum-Dum, nr. Calcutta (type var.); coll. Major L. W. Wilmer. 2 Siliguri ; coll. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring. var. inerassatula. Ampullaria globosa, var. inerassatula, Nevill, Cat. Moll. Fasc. F, 1877, Calcutta and Dum-Dum : long, 32, d. 28\ mil. 10 Calcutta (type var.); coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 4 Dum-Dum; coll. Major L. W. Wilmer. var. corrugata. Ampullaria corrugata, Stvainson, Zool. III. 1822, " India ;" fide Hanleg, Sgst. List, Con. Indica ? ; = A. hepataria, Bv. subvar. loDgispira. Long. 68, diam. 63 mil. ; rugosely malleated, perist. of a pale yellow colour. 1 Benares ; coll. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring. subvar. Con. Indica, pi. 113, fig. 2, Loc. ?. 3 Loc. ? ; ex c. Asiatic Soc. Bengal and Dr. F. Stoliczka. subvar. Ampullaria globosa, var. Reeve, Icon. 1856, fig. 46. 4 Assam [?] ; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham. Smooth and polished, with light yellow coloured peristome. Long. 58, diam. 55 mil. AMPULLAllIIDJl. 3 subspecies carinata. Ampnllaria carinata, Sioainson, Zool. 111,11, 1831, "India"; var. = A. paIudi)ioides, Conch. — Cah. II, 1851, Mangalore [_not of Crist, and Jan']. 2 Red Hill Lake, Madras; ex c. Madras Miiscuni (55, 53|). 2 Kadapa, Madras Pi*es. ; ex c. Dr. Stoliczka. 8 Madras ; coll, Gr. Nevill, Esq. 5 Calcutta ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 1 Loc. ? ; ex c. Asiatic Soc, Bengal. subvar. sinistrorsa, nov. 1 Madras; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. (38, 32). var. malabarica. Ampullaria malabarica, Philippi, Zeits. Mai. 1848, Madras. 7 Madras and Cuddalore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and Colonel Beddome. These specimens resemble Con. Indica, PI. 114, fig. 2 [" A. malabarica'] ! var. layardi. Ampullaria Layardi, Reeve, Icon. 1836, Ceylon. 30 Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 4 Ceylon j coll. E. L. Layard, Esq. [A. S. B.]. 2 Loc. ? j ex c. Asiatic JSoc, Bengal. Well represented by Con. Indica, PI. 114, fig. 4 \_^^ A. lay- ardi''']. subvar. virens. ? Ampullaria virens, LamarcJc, Hist. VI, 1822, Hah. ? 1 Kollam ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome. Most closely resembling the preceding Ceylon form ; cari- nation at suture obsolete. Near Kiister's PI. 8, fig. 2 ["^. virens^']. 2. Ampullaria nux. Ampullaria nux, Reeve, Icon. 1836, " Bombay." 8 Khandala, Bhorc Ghat, Bombay; coll. W. T Blanford, Esq., and Rev. S. B. Fairbank. 4t AMPULLA RIID^. var. (? n. sp.) 9 Trauquebar (?) ; coll. Capt. Lewis (A. S. B.)- 3. AmpuUaria maura. Ampallaria maura, Reeve, Icon. 1856, Loc. ?. 30 Tezpur, &c. (Assam) ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 30 Sibsagar and Gauhati, Assam; coll. S. E. Peal, Esq., and Museum Collector. 2 Darrang and Naralnpur, Assam j coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen. Long. 53, diam. 49 mil. 30 Silchar and Silcuri, Cacbar ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. 5 Kusiara Kiver above Pancbuganj, Sylbet; coll. J. Wood-Mason, var. theobaldi. Ampullaria Theobaldi, Ranley, Con. Indica, 1875, fl. 115, Loo. ?, and P. Z. S. 1875, Bhamo. 12 Bbam6 ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson (long. 52, diam. 53|). Apparently none of them quite adult ! 4. Ampullaria aperta Ampullaria aperta, FMUppi, Zeits. Mai, 1849, Loc.?; spec, Juv.^ Con. Indica, pi. 115, fiy. 4, as "A. saxea, var., Pegu." 3 Pegu; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 6 Akyab ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 2 Poungday, Pi'ome Distr. ; coll. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring. These specimens agree with Con. Indica, PI. 115, fig. 4. var. saxea. Ampullaria saxea, jReeue, Icon. 1856, fig. 108, Loc ?; Con. Indica, pi. 118, fig. 3, as " A. saxea. " 1 Bassein ; coll. W. Theobald, Esq. ? Ampullaria olea, Beeve, Icon., fig. 102, Rah. 1 ; Con. Indica, System. List, 1876. 3 Cacbar (juv.) ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. AMPULLARIID^. 5 5. AmpuUaria conica. Ampullaria conica. Gray, Wood's Index Test. Sup. 1828, and Hanley, Conch. Misc., pi. Ill, fig. 13 ; = A. scidata, Mousson, Moll. Java, 1849 [not of PMIJ] ; fide Martens, var. = A. Javanica, Rv. 1856 ; from Cam- bodia fide Morelet. 10 Moulmain ; coll. Baron F. von Riclithofen and Dr. F. Stoliczka. 11 Akyab; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. var. expansa. AmpuUaria conica, var. expansa, G. Nevill, Cat. Moll. Fasc. E. 1877, Fegu ; = A. paludinoides, Con. Indica, pi. 114, fig. 5 [not of Philippi or Crist, and Jan']. 7 Pegu (type var.) ; coll. W. Theobald, Esq. 3 Tenasserim (?) ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 1 Mandalay (?); ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. var. compacta. AmpuUaria compacta, JReeve, Icon. 1856, figs. 62 and 71, Malacca. 5 Tenasserim Prov. ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and Mr. Ossian Limborg. 8 Mandalay; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. var. or lent alls. AmpuUaria orientalis, Philippi, Zeits. Mai. 1848, " China ? " ,* = A. scutata, Phil,, Conch. — Cah. II, pi. I, figs. 4 — 5 [not of Mousson]. 4 China; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. [as " A. paludinoides"'], 1 Canton ; coll. Baron F. von Richtbofen. 3 Bassein, Arakan ; coll. W. T. Blanf ord, Esq. 1 Loc. ? ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. var. borneensis. AmpuUaria borneensis, Philippi, Conch. — Cab. II, 1851, Borneo; fide Morelet, A. borneensis from Bangkok : alt. 45 to 63, diam. 37 to 53 mil. 2 Singapore ; coll. C. J. Irving, Esq. 3 Borneo Straits ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 6. AmpuUaria ampuUacea. Helix ampullacea, Linnaeus^ Mus. Ulricce, 1764 ; fide Martens, = A. cele- bensis, Quoy, 1832; = ^. sumatrensis, Phil,, Conch. — Cab, II, 1851; = A. magnifica, DJcr., Conch. — Cab. II, Java. 6 AMPULLAUIIDJ). vjir. javensis, nov. Ampullaria celcbcnsis, Mou.sson, Moll. Java, pi. 7, fig. 1, alt. SO, iliani. 72 mil., and Conch. — Cab. II, pi. XIX, fig. 3, Java, \_not of Qiioy']. 1 Java; coll. IJaron F. von Richthofen. This Javanese form differs from Quoy's species by the less ])roduced spire, the more everted aperture, and the more distant and irregular spiral black lines, &c. — Alt. G3, diam. 5G mil., agreeing exactly with the above-quoted figure in Conch. — Cab. II. 7. Ampullaria turbinis. AmiiuUaria turbinis, Lea, Journ. Acad. PJdlad. VI, 1856, Siam and Ohs. XI, pi. 22, fig. 2 ; from Baitamhang in Cambodia: alt. 80, diam. 77 mil., fide Morelet, Ser. Con. IV. 1 Canihodla (spec, juv.) ; ex c. A. Morelet, Es(i. Lea describes his species as " scarcely perforate" ; his figure appears quite imperforate. Morelet, I. c, describes Cambodian specimens as having a large and deep umbilical perforation. He further notices two distinct forms, — one without bands, the other banded, with the bands ceasing abruptly a short distance before the peristome ; the former seems to agree with my var. suhglohosa, the latter with my var. siib ampullae ea. var. subglobosa, nov. 4 Java (?)j coll, Baron F. von Kichtliofen. Alt. 70^, diam. Gi)^- mil. A form with uniform green epider- mis, not banded, with white peristome and remarkably depressed and fiattencd spire, unlike any figure I can find. Possibly from Siam, antl if so, probably the form called A. celchensis by von Martens, and A. turbinis by Morelet. var subampullacea, nov. 2 Perak ; coll. Fid. Townseiul, Esq. Alt. 75, diam. 68 mil. Fairly represented by PI. 19, fig. 1, Conch. — Cab. II, "A. sumatrcnsis, Phil.'\ but more "turbi- nate"— that is, the body whorl more angularly swollen above — consequently, not so convexly rounded ; the umbilicus, coloured ])erist(mie, and spiral purple bands exactly resemble those of the figure. I gave a third specimen of this form to Monsieur II, Crosse. AMPULTARIIDJE. 7 8. AmpuUaria gracilis. Amimlhu'ia gvac'ilis, Lea, Journ. Acad, Fhilml. VI, 1S56, Slam ; also from Cambodia, J. de C. 1877. 1 Siam ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. 9. AmpuUaria stoliczkana. Anipulliiria Stoliczkana, G. Nevill, Cat. Moll. Fasc. E, 1877, Penang, alt. 54, d. 41 mil., and Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1881, pi, VI, Jig. 11. 6 Penang (type) j coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Two are full-grown, and four young. 10. AmpuUaria polita. AmpuUaria polita, Beshayes, Unc. Meth. II, 1830, Loc. ? ; Jide Moussonfrom Java ; fide Martens from Manila and ? = A. luhrica, Rv. : fide Morelet, alt. 95, diam. 66 — another alt. 55, d. 42 mil., and also monstrosity = A, pagoda, Morelet, J. de C. 1865. 1 Cambodia; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. var. compressa, nov. Long. 60, diam. 44J mil. 2 Cochin- China; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. var. Conf. Reeve, Icon., fig. 35, Ft. Jackson. 1 Loc. ? ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 11. AmpuUaria dolioides. AmpuUaria dolioides, Reeve, Icon. 1856, fig. 75, Bomlay ; fide Ilanley, A. dolioides, Rv. is from S. America (?). 1 Ceylon; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. (46, 41). 12. AmpuUaria moesta. AmpuUaria moesta. Reeve, Icon. 1856, fig. 92, Ceylon; fide Morelet ? := A, horneensis, Phil. var. 4 Balapiti, Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. a AMPULLARIID^. 13. AmpuUaria lubrica. Ampullaria lubrica, Eeeve, Icon. Jig. 161, 1856, Loc, ?. 6 Luzon; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. Scarcely umbilicate, of sombre green colouration. Perliaps an extreme var. of A. luzonica, Rv. ? 14. Ampullaria ovata. Ampullaria ovata, Olivier, Voy. Emp. Ottom. 1804, Lake Mareotis : fide Bourg., alt. 60, diam. 44 — apert. long. 42, diam. 27 mil. 1 Oasis of Farafra, Egypt; ex c. Dr. C. F. Jickeli ("coll. Kliolfs"). Long. 47, diam. 37J ; apert. alt. 29f , lat. 22 mil. Resembles M. Bourguignat's PI. X, fig. 11, Moll. nonv. &c. ; but tbe spire is even more acutely produced and the aperture smaller. 15. Ampullaria ceeillei. Ampullaria Ceeillei, Philippi, Zeits. Mai. 1848, p. 191, Madagascar ; = A. itiops, Morelet, Rev. Zool. 1851. 2 Madagascar ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. 16. Ampullaria hanleyi. Ampullaria Hanleyi, Beeve, Icon. 1856, fig. 113, Loc. 1 ; fide Tristram, F. Z. S. 1863, as "A. adusta, Rv. = sordida, Sow." ; fide Martens, A. hanleyi, Rv, is from S. America (J). 7 Ranomafana, Madagascar; coll. J. Caldwell, Esq. var. ( ? distinct species), ? A. simplex. Reeve, fig. 98, Loc. ?, 1 Madagascar; ex c. E. Dupont, Esq. 17. Ampullaria speciosa. Ampullaria speciosa, P7i^Zl2?p^, Zeits. Mai. 1849, p. 18, Zanzibar; Conch.- Cab, II, pi. 11, fig. 2. 1 Locality ? ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq, Sub-Genus POMUS, Humpfrey. Cat. Mus. Calonnianum, 1797, and of March, Cat. Toldi, 1852, type Nerita urceus, Miiller ; sect.=Asolene, Orb., Voy, Amer, Merid. 1839, type A. platae, Maton (as A. naticoides). AMPULLAUIID^. 9 18. AmpuUaria (Pomus) hopetonensis. Ampullaria hopetonensis. Lea, Trans. Phil. Soc. V, 1839, pi. XIX, jig. 84, Hopetoion, Georgia ( ? not of Reeve or PMlippi) ; = A. depressa. Say, 1824 {not of Lam. 1822, as " Natica depressa") ; =^. paludosa, Say, N. S. Liss. II, 1840. 2 Georgia (typical ?) ; coll. Prof. Shepard. 19. Ampullaria (Pomus) reflexa. Ampullaria reflexa, Swainson, Tilloch's Phil^ Mag. LXI, p. 877; var. ?= A. fiagellata. Say, N. H. Dlssem. 11, 1840, Vera Cruz. 3 Carthagena; coll. Rev. E. R, Beadle (as '' A. fiagellata, Say"). Fide Strebel, 1873, A.flagellataj Ssbj = malleataj Jonas = reflexa, Sw. = vwlacea, Yal. 20. Ampullaria (Pomus) hondurasensis. Ampullaria hondurasensis, Reeve, Icon. fig. 15, 1856, Honduras. 1 Guatemala; coll. A. Morclet, Esq. (as "A. refiexa"). 1 Loc. ? ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. 21. Ampullaria (Pomus) gigas. Ampullaria gigas, Spix, Test. Bras. 1827, pi. I, fig. 1; Conch. — Cah. II, pi, XIV, fig. 1 ; = A. insularum. Orb. 1839 j ?=^ A. canaliculata. Lam. 1822; fide Martens = A. haustrum and A. immersa,, Reeve. 1 Rio Plata; ex c. A.Morelet, Esq. (as *' A. insularum. Orb."). var. minor. Orligny, I. c, pi. L, figs. 5 — 6, as "A. canaliculata. Lam. var." (not A. canaliculata, Delessert, as " of Lam., Guadeloupe J'). 1 Rio Parana ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. (sent as '' A. canaliculata, Lam."). 22. Ampullaria (Pomus) fa,sciata. Ampullaria f asciata, LamarcTc, Sist. An. s. vert. VI, 1822, " VInde, des Moluques et des Antilles ; " conf. Conch. — Cab. II, pi. XX, fig. 1. 1 Cuba ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb. 23. Ampullaria (Pomus) australis. Ampullaria australis, d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid. 1839, pi. LI, figs. 8—4. 1 South America; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. 10 AMPtJLLAEIID^. 24. A.mpullaria (Pomus) adust a. Ampullaria adusta, Reeve, Icon. 1836, fig. 11, Loc. ? (not of Tristram, P. Z. 8. 1863). 1 South America; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. 25. AmpuUaria (Pomus) urceus. Nei'ita urceus, Miiller, Kist. Verm. 1774, p. 174,0.^ "in msulis Imliceedulis." 1 South America; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. 1 New Granada; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq, 26. AmpuUaria (Pomus) testudinea. AmpuUaria testudinea, Reeve, Icon. 1856, fig. 114, Loc. 1 ; fide Martens, should he A. figuUna, Spix. 1 Rv. Amazon ; ex c. A. Morelet. Esq. (as " A. testudinea "). 1 South America ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. Reeve's fig. 75, " A. dolioides'^ is very close to this latter. Spix's fig, of A. figulina is very bad ; it seems to me it can hardly be this species ! 27. AmpuUaria (Pomus) martensiana, n. sp, A. columhiensis, [Soto. Ms.'] Reeve, Icon. 1836, fig. 23 'and Nevill, Cat. Fasc.U,p.l6; not A. columhiensis, [Sow. Ms.] FMUp)pi, Conch. — Cah, II, 1851, pi. V, fig. 5. 1 S. America ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. 28. AmpuUaria (Pomus) cumingi. AmpuUaria Cumingii, King, Zool. Jour. V. p. 344, Tahoga, Panama. 1 Panama; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn. Exactly intermediate in size between Reeve's large form and the smaller one of Conch.— Cab. ; alt. 31J, diam. 29^ mil. 29. AmpuUaria (Pomus) decussata. AmpuUaria decussata, Moricand, Mem. Soc. Physn Geneve, VII, 1836, Brazil. 2 Brazil; exc. Dr. H. Dohrn. Neither quite adult. AMPULLARIID.E. 11 30. Ampullaria (Pomus) erassa- Ampullaria erassa, Sioainson, Zool. III. I, Vol. Ill, 1822, Loc. ? ; Reeve, fig. 5, Brazil. 1 Ecuador; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn. Agrees witli Reeve's fig. 5, only a little smaller and colu- mella less straight. var. oblonga. Near Reeve^sfig. 106, as " A. erassa, ohlong convolnfed var." 1 Brazil; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb (sent as " A. spixi"). 4 Amazon Rv. ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb (as "A. nubila"). Alt. 22J, diam. 19f mil. — Imperforate, intermediate between Reeve's figs. 5 and 106 as regards convexity of the whorls and height of the spire. I cannot detect the slightest difference between Dr. Newcomb's specimens, and I believe they must have come from one locality ; they do not in the least resemble A. nuhila or A. spixi ! 31. Ampullaria (Pomus) platse. Ampullaria Platse, Maton, Trans. Lin. Soc, 1S09, R. Plata ;=A. naticoides, Orb. 1835 ; sect. Asolene. 1 Hio Plata; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. 32. Ampullaria TPomus) pulchella. Ampullaria puleliella, Anton, Verz. Conch. 1839, [sine Hab.] ;:=A, roissyi, Orb. 1839. 3 liio Plata; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. 2 Kio Plata ; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn (as " A. platcB "). 33. Ampullaria (Pomus) elegans. Ampullaria elegans, d'Orbigng, Voy. Amer. Merid., 1839, Bolivia, Sfc.;= A. peristomata. Orb. 1835. 4 Bolivia ; ex e. G. Nevill, Esq. The above are all decollated. 1 Brazil; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb (as " ^, spixii"). 12 AMPULLARIIDiE. 34. AmpuUaria (Pomus) sordida. Ampullaria sordida, Sivainson, Zool. III. I, Vol. Ill, 1822, pi. 142 ; Eeeve, Icon. fig. 72, 5. Plata. 2 South America ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. 35. AmpuUaria (Pomus) scalaris. Ampullai'ia scalaris, d'Orhigny, Toy. Am^r. Merid. 1839, pi. 50, fig. 1 — 5. 3 Bolivia ; ex c. Prof. E. C. Stearns (as *' A. canalis. Orb."). 36. AmpuUaria (Pomus) nubila. AmpuUaria nubila, Reeve, Icon. 1856, fig. 65, Rv. Solomoens, 1 South America; exc. G. Nevill, Esq. (33, 27). 37. AmpuUaria (Pomus) errouea. AmpuUaria erronea, G. Nevill, Cat. Moll. Fasc. E, 1877 ; Reeve, figs. 90 Sf 91, as " A. aperta " [not of Phil.']. 1 South America [type] ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. 38. AmpuUaria (Pomus) glauca. Helix glauca, Linnaus, Mus. Ulr.1764, p. 667; Conch.^Cah. II,]pl. XII » fi9>4. 3 South America; ex c. As. Soc, Bengal, and G. Nevill, Esq. var. guianensis. AmpuUaria guyanensis, Lamarcic, Hist. an. s. Vert, VI, 1822, " la Quyane ; '' Reeve, fig. 85. 1 British guiana; exc. A. Morelet, Esq. (as ''A. guianensis"). var. crocostoma. AmpuUaria crocostoma, PUlippi, Conch. — Cah. II, 1851, pi. 12, fig. 3, Caracas ; distinct species fide Martens. 2 Caracas; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. (as "A. effusa "). 39. AmpuUaria (Pomus) geveana. AmpuUaria geveanensis, Beshayes, Lam. Hist. VIII, 1838, p. 541, Loc? ; emend. Phil., Conch.— Cab. II, 1851, pi. VII, fig. 7. 1 South America ; ex c. G. NeviU, Esq. AMPULLARIID^. 13 Sub-Genus SAULEA, Gray. Froc. Zool. Soc. 1867, type Helix vitrea, Born. 40. AmpuUaria (Saulea) vitrea. Helix vitrea, Born, Index Mus. vindoh, 1778. 4 Liberia; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn. Genus MAHISA, Gray. Phil. Mag., vol. 63, 1824, p. 274; — Ceratodes, Gullding, Zool. Journ.III, 1828. 1. Marisa cornu-arietis. Helix cornu-arietis, LinncBus, Syst. Nat. X 1758; Conch.— Cah. II, pi. XVIII, fig. 1, R. Parana. 1 Loc. ? ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka (labelled " Senegal "). 2. Marisa chiquitensis. AmpuUaria cbiquitensis, d'Orhigny, Voy. Amer. Merid. 1839, Chiquitos in Bolivia, pi. 48, figs. 10-11. 1 Bolivia ; ex c. Prof. E. C. Stearns. var. (? M. rotula, Mous.) 1 N. Grenada ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. The last wliorl does not increase in breadth near the peris- tome, as in the typical form. Genns LANISTES, Montfort. Conch. Syst. 1810, p. 122, type Helix holteniana, Chemnitz, not of Humpfrey, Mus. Calonnianum, 1797, type Mytilus discors, Lin. [insufficiently de- scribed']; sect . = Meladomus, Sivainson, Treat. Malao. 1840, p. 340, type Paludina olivacea, Sow. 1. Lanistes boltenianus. Helix Bolteniana, Chemnitz, Conch. — Cab. I, Vol. IX, 1786, p. 89 ; = Cyclo- stoma carinatum, Olivier, Voy. 1804 ; =^ Lanistes olivieri, Mtf. 1810; Conch—Cab. II, pi. 6, fig. 4. 3 Locality ? ; ex c. As, Soc. Bengal. 14« AMrri.LAKIIDJE. >-»r biearinata- S Birkot Kwrak; coll. Dr. G. Fritsch, 1 UvAlitT ? ; ex c G. Nevill, Esq. \-:aT depressa. 1 rVMigv^ : coll. 1>T. G. Fritsch. 2> Ijonistes guinr.:?"? CVvhk« gulaai«i, Ci^i»» rr, t\ — - I, r.J. IT, jp. 5, 17S6, ifr. rolim. 1 LajN*, W. Afrirti : ex c. Dr. H. Dc^m. & I^anistes plicosus. Luoslee pBcABMS, rm Mmritmg, X^r. C?*ci. r. i^TS, jpl. 1S6, /By*. 3-S, Loe. f; 1 Lwe. ? ; « e.6. Nrr5!L B^, 4. lAiusias OTQin. Iw^ if jsa^.:? meiMtiminmm. 1 iLftan;«K«.&lMinl|,SB^ Trmmri. VALVATID^K. 15 2. Family VALVATIDiE, Gray, Genus VALVATA, Muller. Hist. Venn. II, p. 198, 1774, type V. cristata, Miill. ; sect. Tropich'na, H. and A, Ad., type V. tricar inata, Lesweur ; sect. Cincinna, Huhner {fide Morch), type Nerita piseinalis, Miill. [ = Valvatinella, Betta, 1870']; sect. Jelskia, Boury., Syst. JEurop. Sfc.,1877, type Valvata jeisJcii, Crosse, J. de C. 1863, Bv. Dnieper. 1. Valvata cristata. Valvata cristata, Muller, Hist. Verm. 1774, Denmark. 4 Middlesex; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 6 Bayonne; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 1 Aix-les- Bains; coll. G, Nevill, Esq. 2. Valvata piseinalis. Nerita piseinalis, Muller, Hist. Verm. 1774, Denmark ; = V. tolosana, Saint Simon, Ann. Malac, 1870, Toulouse, alt. 4, diam. 5 m. ; sinistral var. Jef., Ann. and May. 1878, Sunhury and vars. suhcylindrica from Grassmere and acuminata from Bristol and Dublin ; var, = V. depressa, C. Pfr. ; sect. Cincinna . 3 England; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 10 Bayonne ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 6 Pyrmont, Germany; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 80 Pangong Lake, Ladak ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 4 Kashmir ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 7 Canal du Fresquel, Aude ; coll. P. Fagot, Esq. (as " V. tolosana "). I find it impossible to separate these typical specimens of V. tolosana, from ordinary V. piseinalis, even as a variety. 1 Lake Alakul, Siberia; ex c. Dr. H, Dolirn. 3, Valvata eontorta. Nerita eontorta, Miiller, Hist. Verm. 1774, Denmark. 11 Laacher See, Rhineland; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 8 Aix-les-Bains; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. A smaller form than the preceding. 16 YALVATlDiE, 4. V^alvata stoliezkana. Valvata stoliezkana, G. Nevill, Moll. Miss. Ydrkand, lS78,figs. 34 — 86, YdrJcand. 30 Yarkand (type) ; eoll. Dr. F. Stoliezka. Exceedingly close to F. macrostoma, Stein, possibly only a variety ; distinguished by being a little more depressed, with more open umbilicus, &c. 5. Valvata alpestris. Valvata alpestris, Blauner, Ms., Kiister, Conch. — Cab, II, 1852, pi. 14, Jigs. 7 — 8, Grindelwald. 1 Aix-les-Bains ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Perhaps better classed as a var. of V. piscinalis ! In any case, a well marked form ! 12 Tirol ; coll. P. Bouvier, Esq. and P. Joly, Esq. 6. Valvata eximia. Valvata eximia, Servain, Moll. Espagne, 1880, Badajoz : alt. 4, diam. 5 mil. 20 Burgos ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 7. Valvata virens. Valvata virens, Tryon, Proc. Acad. PMlad. 1867, pi. I, fig. 7, California. 18 Clear Lake, California; ex c. Prof. W.Newcomb. 8. Valvata tricarinata. Cyclostoma tricarinatum, Lesueur, Ms., Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. I, 1817, Rv. Delaware; sect. Tropidina. 30 New-York; ex c. Revd. E. R. Beadle and Prof. W. Newcouib. var. unicarinata. Valvata unicarinatum, De Kay, New-Yorlc Moll, 1840, 12 New-York ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb. 9. Valvata sincera. Valvata sincera. Say, Keating's, Narr. Long's Exp. II, App. 1824, North- West Territory ; fide Newc. = V. humerosa, Tryon, 6 California ; ex c. Prof. W, Newcomb. VALVATlDiE. 17 10. Valvata macrostoma. Valvata macrostoma. Stein, Conch. Berlin, 1830. 1 Berlin; ex"Linu8ea." 11. Valvata saulcyi. Valvata Saulcyi, Bourguignat, Cat. Moll. coll. Semico, 1833, Damaseiis. 4 Damascus; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. 12. Valvata petiti. Valvata Petiti, Crosse, J. de C, 1872, ''cum Glyptophysa petiti, ia lacii regionis — Grande Vallee des Kaoris — dictce, N. Ca^ed. merid." 1 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. 13. Valvata (?) microscopica. Valvata? microscopica, G. Nevill, Cat. Moll. Fasc. E, 1877, Ft. Canning — diam. 1\ mil. 12 Port Canning (type); coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 15 Port Canning; coll. Colonel G. B. Main waring. 14. Valvata (?), n. sp, 3 E. of Pamir Kul, Central Asia ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. There are in tlie Museuin five larval cases belongiDg to the Fain. Fhgganidce from New Zealand having all the appearance of a species of Valvata ! Also twelve of another species from South India, sent by Colonel Beddome, and five from Porfc Mahon presented bj Mons. Joly ! Sub-Genus LYOGYBUS, GiW. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, type V. pupoidea, Gld. 15. Valvata (Lyogyrus) pupoidea. Valvata pupoidea, Gould, Amer. Journ. Sci., 1 Ser. Vol. XXXVIII, 1840, Massachusetts. 3 Loc. ? ; ex Mr. Sowerby (c. Lombe Taylor). Genus (?) HETEROCYCLUS, Grosse. J. de C. 1872, type H. perroquini, Crosse. 1. Heterocyclus perroquini. Heterocyclus Perroquini, Crosse, J. de C. 1872, " Baie de Sud," N. Cale- donia. 4 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. 18 PALUDINID^. 3. Eamily PALUDINID^, Gray, Genus LAEINA, A. Adams. P. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 41, and Gen. Moll. p. 624, type L. strangei, A. Ad.; Nevill {Operculum described, Sfc), Cat. Fasc. E, p. 22 ; ^= Rohinsonia, S. Nevill, Froc. Ceylon Asiat. Soc, 1869, type B. ceylonica, Nev. and of G. and S. Nevill, J. A. 8. B. 1869. 1. Larina burmana. Larina ? Burmana, TF. T. Blanford, Journ. Asiat. Soc, Bengal, 1S66, Irawady Delta ; Nevill, Cat. Fasc. F, p. 23 ; var. ? = Bobinsonia ceylo- mca, S. Nevill, 1869. 4 Eangoon River ; coll. R. Hungerf ord, Esq. 1 Port Canning; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. 2. Larina cincta. Larina cincta, G. Nevill, Cat. Moll. Fasc F, 1877, Pooree: alt. ok, diam. 5J mil. and J. A. S. B. 1881, pi. V,fig. 6. 2 Pooree (type) ; coll. H. Raban, Esq. Jj. ^pusilla, H. Nevill, 1869, from Ceylon, is closely allied. Genus PALUDINA, Lamarclc. Fxtr. Cours anim. sans vert. 1812, type Helix vivipara, Lin. ; = " Vivi- pare," Lam., Phil. Zool. I, 1809 ; = Viviparus, Mtf, 1810, p. 247 (a misnomer) ; sect. = MeTcongia, Crosse and Fischer, J. de C. 1876, type P.Jullieni, Lesh. 1. Paludina eontecta. Cyclostoma contectum. Millet, Moll. Maine et Loire, 1813 ; = Nerita vivi- para, Miiller (not Kelix vivipara, Lin.). 4 Potsdam j coll. Dr. E. von Martens. 3 Austria ; coll. Dr. P. Stoliczka. 4 England ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 2 Avignon J ex c. P. Joly, Esq. 2. Paludina fasciata. Nerita fasciata, Miiller, Sist. Verm, 1774,'' Italy and Saxony"; = H. vivi- para, Lin. (a misnomer) ; = Cyclostoma achatimim, Lrap., 1801. 3 England ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 2 Potsdam ; coll. Dr. E. von Martens. 2 Angouleme ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq. PALUDINID^. 19 3. Paludina contectoides. Paludina contectoides, Binney, Smithsonian Misc. Coll. VII, 1865, for P, lineata, Kilster {not of VaJ.). 5 Indiana: ex c. Rev. E. R. Beadle. 4. Paludina subpurpurea. Paludina suhpurpurea, Say, New Harm, Dissem. II, 1829, "Fox Rv. of the Wahash." 8 Indiana; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham. 4 Ohio ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb. 5. Paludina intertexta Paludina intertexta, Say, New Harm. Dissem. II, 1829, Louisiana. 3 Arkansas; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle. 6. Paludina bermontiana. Paludina Bermontiana, d'Orhigny, Moll. Cuba, p. 7, 1841. 1 Loc. ? ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 2 Cuba; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn. 7. Paludina sublineata [?]. Paludina sublineata, Conrad, P. Acad. Philad. 1850, Darling River. I Australia [?]; ex c. J. Caldwell, Esq. 8. Paludina ussuriensis. Paludina Ussuriensis, Gersffeldt, Mem. Ac. St. Peter sh. 1859 : long. 45-60, diam. 32-40 mil., Mouth of the Ussuri, Sfc. 1 River Amoor, Siberia; ex Mr. R. Damon. 9. Paludina cliinensis. Paludina Chiuensis, Gray, Griffith's Cuvier, 1834, pi. I, fig, 5, China; = P. lecythoides, Benson, Ann. Mag. 1842, Chusan ; var. = P. stelmaphora, Bourg., Rev. and Mag. 1862, Pekin, long. 55 diam. 35m. : var. = P. ampul- lacea, Charp. Ms., Conch. — Cah. II, pi. 4, fig. 2-3, Macao 3 Chusan (typical P. lecythoides); ex c. As, Soc. Bengal (coll. Dr. Cantor). 1 China; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq, (as "P. lecythoides"). 6 Macao ; coll. R. Huugerford, Esq. 20 PALUDINID^'. var. ampulliformis. Paludina ampulliformis, Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, 1852, River at Touranne, 1 Cochin China (sp. juv.) ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. 5 Basilan, Philippines -, coll. Dr. C. Semper. 60 Manwyne, Hotha, Mungla, Nantin and Momien, Yunnan ; Mandalay, Burma; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. There are several distinct forms mixed up in these Yunnan specimens ! suhvar. subampulliformis. 3 Tamsui (Formosa) ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. Exactly resemble the above recorded Nantin specimens, both are less convexly inflated than in Sonleyet's type. var. compacta. 8 Assmungkang (Formosa) ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. Long. 33, diam. 23| mil. A remarkable variety, well cha- racterised by its much less tumid and rounded whorls, which are compressed and of somewhat thicker texture. var. lecythis. Pitludina lecythis, Benson, J, A, S. B. V, 1836, Sylhei ; Reeve, fig. 12, as " P. ampullacera ". 3 Sylhet, types of P. lecythis ; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal (44, 88). 3 Logtak lake, Manipur ; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen. var. richthofeni. Paludina chinensis, var. richthofeni, G. Nevill, Cat. Fasc. E., jp. 26, 1877, Java : long, 33^, diam. 26 mil, 3 Java ? (type var.) ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen. var. (?). 1 ThyetMyo; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 10. Paludina bengalensis. Paludina bengalensis, Lamarck, Sist. VI, 1822, Bengal; from Cochin China, fide Mor., Ser. Conch. IV; Deshayes, Voy. Belanger, ;pl. 1, figs. 14-15 {^fide Con. Indica, " a rare and distinct far."]. 6 Midnapur; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal. 4 Rajmahal; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham. ;_ PALUDINID^. 21 14 Rurki and Birbhum; coll. J. Wood-Masou, Esq. 2 Siliguri ; coll. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring. 60 Calcutta, Jessor, Chandernagar, &c, ; coll. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring, J. B. Baxter, and G. Nevill, Esq. 13 Jamalpur and Sambalpur ; coll. Dr. P Stoliczka and Major M, M. Bowie. 9 Vizagapatam and Madras; ex c. Madras Museum. 20 Manbhum and Raniganj ; coll. V. Ball, Esq., and Dr. F. Stoliczka. 6 Dacca; coll. J. Willson, Esq. and Dr. Wise. 9 Sind ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. and ex c. Karachi Mus. 9 Derband and Salt Range (Punjab) ; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka. 30 Cachar, Sibsagar, and Tezpur (Assam) ; coll. Dr. P. Stoliczka and Museum Collector. 1 Ganjam (Orissa) ; coll. V. Ball, Esq. 1 Perozpur ; coll. Capt, R. C. Temple. 5 Sukyti Rv. [Mandi] ; coll. A. G. Young, Esq. subvar. balteata. P. bengalensis, var. balteata, Benson, J, A. S. B. V, 1836, St/lhet. 30 Silchar, &c„ Cachar ; coll. J. Wood Mason, Esq. subvar. phSBOStoma, nov. 2 Calcutta (Lindsay St. Tank) ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. subvar. elongata. Paludina elongata, Swainson, Zool. III. ser, I, Vol. II, 1822, " Rivers of India"; Reeve, Jig. 5. 8 Calcutta (Harrington St. Tank) ; coll. G. Nevill and J. B, Baxter, Esqrs. 12 Ambalah ; coll. Captain R. C. Temple. Long. 38, diam. 26 mil. A larger and finer form tlian the one figured bj Swainson, as above, with more ventricose last wliorl ! subvar. gigantea. Paludina gigantea, von dem Busch, Ms., diam, 15^ mil. Exceedingly close to — if indeed specifically distinct from — a form sent me by Mons. Morelet from Cambodia, as P. haine- siana, Lea ! 8 Tezpur, Assam (type var.) ; coll. Dr. P. Stoliczka. 4 Pegu ; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka. 23. Paludina siamensis. Vivipara siamensis, von Frauenfeld, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865 and Ver. Zool. — Bot. Gesells. Wien, 1865, Siam : long. 24, diam. 21 mil. 1 Siamj ex c. A. Morelet, Esq., (17, 15|). 1 Siam ; ex Mr. Sowerbj (ex c. Lombe Taylor), Long. 23, diam. 20 mil., and labelled '' P. haineslana.''^ var. burmanica, nov. A very small variety ; spire short, apex obtuse, witb tbe wborls even less acute and exserted, tbe last one larger in pro- portion and more globosely swollen, witli tlie keel round tlie umbilicus obsolete ; aperture more contracted, that is, less dilately expanded ; colouration of epidermis and the black peristome exactly similar. Long. 11, diam. 10 mil. 1 Prome, on tlie Irawady (iype var.) ; coll. W. Theobald, Esq. 1 Tenasserim Prov. ; ex c. Colonel Godwin-Austen (coll. Mr. O. Limborg). 30 Yaylaymaw, Upper Burma, not quite adult ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. 24 Paludina hainesiana. Paludina Hainesiana, Lea, Proc. Ac. PUlad. VIII, 1856, Siam : long. 1, 27, diam. 0, 88 inch,- ? var. = P. rattrei. Or. and F. [ = fratienfeldi, Besh. not Mor.'j. 1 Cambodia ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. (25|, 20). 2 Siam ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. (26i, 20^). var, lamarcki. Paludina Lamarckii, DesTiayes, Nouv, Archiv. Mus. X, 1874, Cambodia, 1 Cambodia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. (37i, 25|). PALUDINID-ffil. 27 var. sphsericula. Piilndiiia sphsericula, Deshayes, I. c, Cambodia. 2 Cochin-china j ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. These are, I think, the form called P. splicericnla ; unfortu- nately they are not quite adult ! They present the sharp angu- lation of the columellar margin at base, said to be characteristic of P. rattrei ; may this not arise from the form not being adult ? Long. 24J, diam. 20| mil. 25. Paludina lurida. Paludina lurida, Morelet, Rev. Zool. 1862, Saigon : long. 21%, diam. 17 mil. 1 Cochin-China; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. Very close to typical P. crassa ; it also much resembles the Tenasserim specimen of P. siamensis^ var. burmanica, but is larger, with more exserted spire and less obtuse apex. 26. Paludina dissimilis. Nei-ita dissimilis, 31iille)% Hist. Verm. 1774, Loc. 7 ; Con. Indica, pi. 77, figs. 2 — 3 ; P. remossii, " Benson," Phil., Ahh. 1846, Megmar (tgpog. error for P. prcBmorsa, Benson, Ms.), and Con. Indica,pl. 77, figs. 8 — 9, Joun- pore, Sfc. ; juv. ^= P. carinata, Swainson, Zool. III. II, 1822, Ganges ; from Philippines and Siam,fide Morelet, Ser. Cmi. IV, p. 310. 30 Calcutta, Chandernagar, &c.; coll, Gr. Nevill, Esq. and Dr. P. Stoliczka. 18 Nagpur, Derbund and Salt- Range; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 5 Naini-Tal (?) ; coll. Dr. T. Oldham. 7 Purneah, Birbbum and Benares ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson, J. Wood- Mason, Esq, and Colonel G. B. Mainwaring. 1 Sagar; ex Mr. Sowerby [ex c, Lombe Taylor], This last a magnificent specimen — long. 2 7 J, diam. 21 mil. — scarcely angulate at the periphery, with the white belt sub- obsolete, was labelled " P. oUvacea." subvar. SUbobtusa, nov. 3 Chdndballi; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. The whorls have not the peculiar, convex sha^DO of var. ohtusa. It is probably the P. vielano stoma of Benson, Ms., but not of Reeve! I described it without a name Cat. Moll. Fasc. B., p. 38 : long. 2Q^, diam. 21 mil. : decollate, 3 whorls only remaining. 2S -^ PALUDINIDJ). subvar. (?). 2 Masulipatam ; coU. Dr. F. Stoliczka (30, 23i). subvar. sindica, nov. Long. 32, diam. 21f mil, ; not decollate, 6 whorls, almost colourless, though apparently taken alive as the opercula are still present ! Similar specimens were found by Mr. F. Fedden in Katniawar. 10 Sind : ex c. Karachi Museum. subvar. subumbilicata. 12 Ferozpur ; coll. Captain E, C. Temple. Columella straighter than usual, only slightly edged with black ; distinctly openly rimate, almost umbilicate; slightly more convex whorls, the last one almost perfectly rounded ; belt at periphery less distinct than in typical form, substance of shell a trifle thicker and less brightly coloured. var. fulva. Paludina fulva, Beeve, Icon. 1863, fig. 64, from Cambodia. 1 Laos Mng.; ex Mr. Sowerby [ex c. Lombe Taylor]. subvar. 1 Penang; ex c. India House Museum (c. Cantor). Last whorl a trifle less rounded than in the preceding form, sculpture less distinct, spire more produced ; altogether it is scarcely distinguishable from some Indian varieties ! In neither of these var. fulva is there any trace of a white belt at the periphery. var. assamensis, nov. This is a well marked and characteristic variety, easily dis- tinguished from all the preceding forms by the turreted and remarkably produced spire, the cylindrical instead of convex whorls ; the deep, uniform green colour, the last whorl and aperture much smaller and more contracted in proportion, the latter less everted ; periphery subangulate, with the belt ob- solete ; scarcely rimate ; peristome black. PALUDINID^. 29 Long. 22|, diam. 16 mil. ; slightly decollate. 30 Tezpore, &c., Assam (type var.); coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and Dr. T. Oldham. 4 "Jamalpur" ( ? ? ); ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 16 Silcuri, Cachar ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. subvar. bhamoensis, nov. 16 Bhamo ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. An interesting small form of tlie preceding, with shorter and less produced spire ; it is quite unlike all the other Upper Burmese forms brought back by Dr. Anderson and almost induces me to specifically separate from P. dissimilis, the forms hereafter recorded as vars. heliciformis, viridis and decussatulay in which case this form would be a variety of true P. dissimilis as restricted ? Long. 17 \, diam. 13f mil., slightly decollate. var. obtusa. Puludina obtusa, TroscJiel, ArcTiiv. Nat. 1837. Bengal; Phil., Ahh. pi. 1, fig. 14, and Kilster, Conch. — Cah, II, pi, VI, figs 8 — 9 [^nof P. obtusa of Reeve, or of the Con. Indica']. 8 Loc. ? ; ex c. As. Soc. Benp^al. 4 Naini Tal ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 2 Sambalpur ; coll. Major M. M. Bowie. var. variata. Vivipara variata, von Frauenfeld, Ver. Zool. — Bot. Gesells. Wien, 1862, Pondicherry ; tupe var. figured. Con. Indica, pi. llo,fig.8;^=^ P. cari- nata. Peeve, fig. 61 [not of Sivainson'], 50 Madras; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka and Madras Museum, also coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 4 Tricliinopoly ; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal. 1 Vizagapatam ; ex c. Madras Museum. 1 Loc. ?; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal (marked "P. um'color"). 3 Ceylon; coll. F. Layard. Esq. (sent as " P. WAlano stoma," Rv.). 10 Ganjam, Orissa ; coll. V, Ball, Esq. 11 Bangalore; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 5 Kadapa and Kollam ; coll. Colonel Beddome. subvar. ceylonica. Paludina ceylonica, Dohrn, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, Ceylon; Con. Indica, pi. 76, fig. 1,' and pi. 115, fig. 9, the latter as " P. ceylonica, var. ecarinata." 14 Kandy; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 6 Madras ; coll, G. Nevill, Esq. 30 PALUDINID^. snbvar. kutchensis, nov. Cat. Moll. Fasc. E.,p. 40: long^ 28, diam. 22 mil, \jsine nom.'], 9 Kachli; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. subvar. subcarinata, uov. Cat. Moll, Fasc. F,, p. 40 [sine nom.']. 10 Moulmain ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and Baron F. von Eichthofen. 2 Pha-thing, Burma (type var.) ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. Tlie smootlier texv.iire, less convex wliorls and distinct cari- nation are very characteristic ; it will probably hereafter have to rank as a well-marked variety. The distinctly 023en umbi- licus separate it from all the forms classed under the next form. Long. 20J, diam. 16 mil. subspecies heliciformis. Vivipara belicif ormis, von Frauenfeld, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865 and Ver. Zool. — Bot. Gesells. Wien, 18S5, Central Africa, long. 21, diam. 16 mil., pi. XXII ; Con. Indica, pi. 77, f. 7 and 10, Rangoon ; fide Ranley, in Con. Indica, types of F. heliciformis and P. decussatula, Blf are absolutely identical. 12 Pegu; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka (22, 19). subvar. viridis. Paludina viridis, Sanley, Ms., Reeve, Icon. 1862, Loc. 7 ; Nevill, J.A.S. B. 1877, p, 31, and Anderson's Zool. Yunnan, 1879, pi. LXXX,fig. 1^ Kdbyuet. 5 Kabyuet, Upper Burma; coll. Dr. J. Anderson (32 i, 23). subvar. decussatula. " p. dissimilis, var. decussatula (ml P. decnssatida)," Blanford, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, Ava; Nevill, J. A. S. B. 1877, p. 31. 14 Bhamo (type subvar.) ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. 30 Mandalay, Ava; coll. Dr. J. Anderson (22|, 18|). 27. Paludina unicolor. Cyclostoma unicolor, Olivier, Voy. Fmp. Othom. 1804, Fgypt. 2 Locality ? ; ex c. Asiatic Soc. Bengal. 2 1st Cataract, Nile ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. var. subimperforata. 3 Nile ; ex c. Dr. H. Dobrn. Much less openly umbilicate than the preceding four speci- mens, consequently still nearer P. dissimilis ! PALUDINID^. 31 28. Paludina praerosa. Paludina praerosa, Gerstfeldt, Mem. Ac. Imp. St. Petersh 1859 : long. 23 to 35, diam. 19 to 26 m. Mouth of the Ussuri. 1 River Amoor, Siberia ; ex Mr. Damon. 29. Paludina auriculata. Paludina (Melantho) auriculata, von Martens, Sitz. Ges. naturf. Freunde, Berlin, Jan. 1875; Rv. Siang Kiang, Frov. Hunan : long. 26, diam. 16 mil. (with ttvo var.) ; ? sect MeJcongia. 2 China ; ex c. Prof. E. von Martens. 2 River Siang K iang ; ex c. Dr. H. Dohru (coll. von Richthofen). 30. Paludina jullieni. Paludina Jullieni, Beshayes, Nouv. Arch. Mus. X, 1878, Cambodia ; sect. MeJcongia. 1 Cochin- China; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. 31. Paludina hungerfordiana. Paludina hungerfordiana, G. Nevill, J. A. S. B. 1881, Canton .- long. 33, diam. 26 mil. ; sect. Mekongia. 3 Canton [type] ; coll. R. Hungerf ord, Esq. 32. Paludina martensiana. Paludina martensiana, G. Nevill, J. A. S. B, 1881, Amoy. 2 Amoy [type] ; coll. R. Hungerf ord, Esq, 33. Paludina hellenica. Vivipara Hellenica, Clessin, MalaJc. Bldt. 1879. 1 Missolonghi ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq. Sub-Genus LIOPLAX, Troschel. Gebiss der SchnecJcen, Lief. 2, 1857, type P. suhcarinata, Say. 34. Paludina (Lioplax) subcarinata. Limnaea subcarinata. Say, Nicholson's Fnc. I, 1817, Delaware Ev. 13 Indiana: ex c. Prof. E. C. Stearns, &c. 32 PALUDINID^. Sub-Genus TULOSTOMA, Haldeman. 3Ion. Lymn. Snp. 2, 1841, type P.magnijica, Conrad. 35. Paludina (Tulostoma) magniflca. Paludina luagnifica, Conrad, New freshivater shells, U. States, June 1834, Alabama Rv.; = P. himonilifera. Lea, Trans. Amer, Philos. Soc, August 1834 {read in 1832). 2 Alabama ; ex c. Dr. H. Dobrn. Sub-Genus CAMPELOMA, Rafinesque. Journ. de Physique, Sfc, Vol. 88, 1819, type C. crassula, Eaf., from Ohio j = Melantho, Bowditch, Elem. Conch. 1822, type P. decisa. Say. 36. Paludina (Campeloma) decisa. Limnaea decisa. Say, Nicholson's Enc. I, 1817, [sine Hah.'] ; Delaivare Rv. Jide Binney. 7 Indiana; ex c. Dr. T. Oldbam. 16 Pennsylvania ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle. 4 Massacbusetts and Ohio ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns. 5 New York; coll. Dr. W. Newcomb and ex c. Madras Museum. A sinistral variety lias been recorded. 37. Paludina (Campeloma) Integra. Paludina Integra, Say, Journ. Aead. Nat. 8ci. Philad. II, 1821, Missouri ; fide Binney = P. decisa, var. 20 New York ; coll. Dr. W. Newcomb and Rev. E. R. Beadle. 38. Paludina (Campeloma) ponderosa. Paludina ponderosa. Say, Journ. Acad. Set. Philad. II, 1821, Ohio. 4 Alabama ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle. 12 Indiana ; ex c. Dr. T. Oldbam. 39. Paludina (Campeloma) genicula. Paludina genicula, Conrad, New freshivater shells, U. States, 1834, " Flint Rv., Georgia; " fide Binney = P. decisa, var. 2 Georgia; ex c. Dr. T. Oldbam. 40. Paludina (Campeloma) rufa. Paludina rufa, Haldeman, Mon. Lymn. Ill, 1841— ; fide Binney = P. decisa, Say, var. 2 Erie Canal ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb. PALUDINID^. 33 Genus CLEOPATRA, Trosclel. Qehiss der SchnecTcen, T, Lief. 2, 1857 [_sine descr.'], ti/pe Cycl. hilimoides, Olivier, 1. Cleopatra bulimoides. Cyclostoma bulimoides, Olivier, Voy. JEmp. Of horn. II, 1S04, 'Egypt ; fide V. Martens and JicTceli = Melania agyptiaca, in Seev^s Icon, [^as " of Benson"}. 4 Alexandria; ex c. P. Joly, Esq. 3 Dongola; coll. Dr. G. Fritsch. 2. Cleopatra verreauxiana. Bithinea Verreauxiana, Bourguignat, Rev. Mag. Zool. 1856, Nile ; = Palu- dina cyclostomoides, Kiister, Conch. — Cah. II, pi. 7, figs 6-10, 1852, Ugt/pt. 12 1st Cataract, Nile ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. subvar. fasciata. 20 1st Cataract, Nile ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. 1 rather doubt if Dr. Jickeli's reasons for adopting M. Bourguignat's name, in preference to Kiister's, are valid : tliere can be no doubt, it seems to me, that the latter can only refer to this species. 3. Cleopatra aurocincta. Cleopatra aurocincta, vo7t Martens, Sitz. Ges. nat. Fr. Berlin, 1879, Baga- moyo. 2 Bagamoyo (Somali Land) ; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn. Genus MARGAKTA, 'Nevill, J, A. S. B., 1877, p. 30, type M. melanoides, Nevill. 1. Margarya melanoides. Margarya melanoides, G. Nevill, J. A. S. B., 1877, p. 30, Lake Tallin Yunnan and op. c. 1881, pi. 5. fig. 1. 4 Lake Tali, Yunnan (type) ; ex c. Dr. J. Anderson (coll. Margary), Genus NEOTHAUMA, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, type N. tanganyicensis, Smith [_LaJce Tanganyika"]. This remarkable new genus is not yet represented in the Museum. 34 PALUDINID^. Subfamily BJENEDIOTIIN^, Dybowski. Von Martens and Clessin consider this subfamily as form- ing part of the Bis so idee. Despite the characters of the oper- culum, I can scarcely believe this classification will prove correct. Genus BENEDICTIA, BylowsU. M^m. Ac. Fetersh. XXII, 1875, type B.fragilis, Byh, 1. Benedictia baikalensis. Paludina Baikalensis, Gerstfeldt, Mem, Ac. Petersl. IX, 1859, Lake Baikal. 1 Lake Baikal ; ex Mr. R. Damon. Subfamily JBYTHINIIN^, Troschel (emend.). Considered by Stimpson and Clessin as a subfamily of the Missoidce, Genus BYTHINIA, Leach, Ms. Gray, Medic. Bepos. XV, 1821 [_sine descr.'] ; = Bythinia, Bisso, 1826 ; fide Clessin, " Bythinia," Gray, PUlos. Mag. Vol. 63, p. 274, type Helix tentaculata, Lin. ; fide Martens, " BitUnia'' of Fam. Paludinidce. 1. Bythinia cerameopoma. Paludina sp. ?, Benson, Gleanings Science, Calcutta, Vol. I, p. 363, and Vol. II, 1830, p. 125, as Paludina cerameopoma ; also J. A. S. B., 1855 ; = B. ceranospatana, Frauenfeld, Ver. zool.-hot. Ges, Wien, 1862; Con. Indica, pi. 38, figs. 1 and 4. 30 Calcutta, Hazrapur, Barrackpore, and Raniganj ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and G. Nevill, Esq. 30 Assam ; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham. 20 Bengal; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal [? typical]. 9 Sambbar Lake, and Sind ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 4 Patna and Rurki ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq., and Colonel G. B, Main- waring. SO Ferozpur J coll. Captain R. C. Temple. subvar. carinulata. 1 Assam ; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham. A remarkably deformed, abnormal specimen.. subvar. gigantea. 1 Calcutta ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. pALUDiNiDa:. 35 2. Bythinia travanoorica. Bithinia travancorica, Benson, Ann. Mag. VI, 1860, QiiUon j Con. Indioa, jpl. 38, figs. 2-3. 10 Kollam ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome. 3. Bythinia goniostoma. Bythinia goniostoma, Huttonms., Frauenfeld, Ver.zool.-boi. Gesellsch. Wien, 1864, p. 610, and Con. Indica, pi. 37, fig. 7 ;=B. lutea, Auct., as "o/Gra^," Ann. £hilos. 1824 [sp. incert., fide Hani., Con. Ind., p. xviii~\ ; = Paludina pulchella, Conch.-Cah. II, 1852, [as " of Sowerby"~\, pi. VI, figs. 18-20 [not B. pulchella, Bs.'\. 30 Calcutta, Pt. Canning, and Raniganj ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and G. Nevill, Esq. 30 Madras ; ex c. Madras Museum. 1 Galle (?) ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 20 Manbhum; coll. V. Ball, Esq. 1 Orissa ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 3 Assam ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 8 Upper India (typical); coll. Captain F. W. Hutton [A. S. B.]. 4. Bythinia pulchella. Paludina pulchella, Benson, J. A. S. B. 1836, Sglhei [not Pal. put- chella of Conch.- Cah. 11] ; Con. Indica, pi. 38, figs. 5-6. 60 Suket, Ambalah, and Ferozpur (10^, 7); coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and Capt. R. C. Temple. 20 Kotgarh ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 20 Riirki ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. 3 Khasi Hills (?); coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin- Austen. 20 Assam ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 1 Naini Tal j ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 1 Arakan; coll. S. Kui'z, Esq. 20 Kollam ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome. 4 Bombay ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka (? coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbanks 2 Salt Lakes ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 2 Kulu; coll. A. G. Young, Esq. var. obtusa, nov. ( ? dist. s^.). 16 Pt. Canning (type var.) ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. var. pusilla, nov. 40 Ferozpur ; coU. Capt. R. C. Temple (6^, 4J). subvar. canaliculata. 1 Ferozpur; coll. Capt. R. C. Temple. 36 PALUDINIDiB. 5. Bythinia subpulehella. e. Nevill, J. A, S. B. 1881, pi. VI, fig. 12, Kutch: long. 6, diam. 4 mil. 30 Kacbh (type) ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 2 Moradabad ; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal. 16 Delhi ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. var. tenuior (? dist. sp.). 3 Kacbh; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 6. Bythinia inconspicua. Bythinia inconspicua, Dohrn, Proc. Zqol. Soc. 1867 , Ceylon ; Con. Indica, pi. 37, figs. 5-6. 1 Ceylon ; coll. F. Layard, Esq. (sent as ** B. orcula"). 4 Ceylon ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 6 Loc. ? ; ex c. W. Theobald, Esq. 12 Madras ; ex c. Madras Museum. 8 Derband ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 9 Trichinopoly ; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq. [A. S. B.] var. (? dist. sp.). 12 Assam (?) ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 7. Bythinia, sp. 1 Abyssinia (?) ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. This specimen was mixed with Abyssinian Vitrina mamiU lata : can it be the specimen mentioned by Blanford, Zool. Abyssinia, page 472, and which is not forthcoming ? It seems to me undistinguishable from the Calcutta form of £. lutea. S. Bythinia orcula. Bythinia orcula, Benson, MS, Frawenfeld, Ver. zool.-hof. Q-esellsch. Wien, 1862, p. 1154 ; Con. Indica, pi. 38, figs. 8-9, FurneaJi. 50 Raniganj, Pt. Canning, Calcutta, Patna, and Bhaugulpore ; coll. Dr. P. Stoliczka and G. Nevill, Esq. 4 Rajmahal ; coll. Colonel Gr. B. Mainwaring. 50 Ambalah, Delhi, and Ferozpur ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. and Capt. R. C. Temple. 5 Assam ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. subvar. 2 Patna -, coll. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring. subvar. minor. 3 Orissa;coIl. V. Ball, Es(i. PALUDINIDiE. 37 var. producta (? dist. sp.) 8 Sambhar and Salt-Lakes ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka, 6 Jamalpur ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 10 Ferozpur ; coll. Capt. R. C. Temple (7, 5i). var. parvula (? dist. sp.) Moradabad ; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal. Jaunpur ; ex c. India House Museum [as " B. orcida — coll. Cantor"]. var. acuminata (? dist. sp.) 1 Andamans [?] ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq. This locality will be most interesting when confirmed. 9. Bythinia stenothyroides. Bytbinia stenothyroides, DoTirn, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, Ceylon ; Con. Indiea, ^1.38, figs. 7 and 10. Extreme forms like the above quoted figure are easily dis- tinguished. Specimens from the same piece of water, however, vary sometimes to an extraordinary degree, in the more or less produced spire ; some forms seem to unite the species with B. orcula on the one hand and B. incons^picua on the other. 50 Madras ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka, G. Nevill, Esq., and ex c. Madras Museum. 12 Ceylon ; coll. F. Layard, Esq. 6 Ceylon ; coll. E. L. Layard, Esq. [A. S. B.]. 10 Trichinopoly ; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq. 2 Nilgiris ', ex c. India House Museum (sent as " B, alba, Prideaux"), 25 South Arcot and Kollamj coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome. subvar. biangulata, nov. 1 Madras ; ex c. Madras Museum. var. abnormis, nov. 20 Bangalore ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. var. (? dist. sp.) 1 Sicrigali [?] ; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham. var, (? dist. sp.) 1 Penang; coll. Dr. P. Stoliczka. ;S8 PALUDiNiD-s:, 10. Bythinia, n. sp. [?J 3 Goalundo ; coll. Dr. Wise. 11. Bythinia, n. sp. 8 Damotha, Moulmain ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 12. Bythinia nassa. Bythinia nassa, Theolald, J. A. S, Bengal, 1865, Shan States, and op. c, 1870, pi. 18, fig. 8 ; Con, Indica, pi, 37, figs. 8-9. 7 Shan States (typical) ; ex c. W. T. Blanford & W. Theobald, Esqrs. 13. Bythinia laevis. Bithinia laevis, Morelet, Ser, Conch IV, 1875, Siam and Cochin- China : lon^. 10, d. 5 mil. 5 Cambodia ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. 12 Damotha, Moulmain ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and Baron F. von Rich- thofen. 14. Bythinia goniomphalus. Bithinia goniomphalos, Morelet, Hev. Zool. 1866, " Yai/^Niah," Cochin China— long. 14, d. 71 mil. ; = B. iravadica, Blf., Proc. Zool. Soc, 1869, Mandalay, long. 11, diam. 6h mil. ; ? = Pal. truncata, Eyd. Sf Soul., 1S52, " Ganges" I from Siam fide Mts., P. Z, S. I860']. 2 Cochin-China (typical) ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. 2 Siam ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. ( as " B. siamensis, Lea "). These latter do not agree at all with Lea's figure of B. siamen- sis ; they appear to be a rather small form of the preceding. I fancy this is now Mons. Morelet's own opinion, judging from his remarks on this species in Ser. Conch. IV. 30 Mandalay (type of B. iravadica), Ava and Kabyuet ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. 4 Thyet-Myo ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 15. Bythinia moreletiana. Bithynia moreletiana, Nevill, J. A. S. B., 1877, Yaylaymaw; op. c. 1881, pi. VI, fig. 14. 20 Yaylaymaw, in Upper Burma (type) ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. 16. Bythinia, n. sp. (?). 1 Karniil ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. PALUDINID^. 39 17. Bythinia, n. sp. 5 Thyet-Myo ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. (?) 18. Bythinia evezardi. Bytliinia evezardi, W. T. Blanford, J. A. S. B. 1880, Londvla fbetween Bomhay and Poona) : long. 5|, diam. 3k mil.; Nevill, op. c. 1881, pi. VI, Jiff, 13, MaTidhaleshvar. 2 Mahabaleshvar ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank. 19. Bythinia badia. 2 Japan [?] ; ex Mr. Damon (coll. A. Adams, and labelled " B. badia, A. Ad."). 20. Bythinia striatula. Bithinia striatula, Benson, Ann, Mag. 1842 and J. A. S. B., 1855, Chusan, "coll. Cantor." 2 China ; ex c. A. Morelct, Esq. 1 Canton ; ex c. Dr, F. Stoliczka. 3 Chusan ; ex Mr. R. Damon (coll. Cantor). 4 Swatow ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 21. Bythinia longicornis. Bithinia longicornis, Benson, Ann. Mag. 1842 and J. A..S. B. 2855, Chusan, " coll. Cantor." 3 Chusan (typical) ; ex Mr. R. Damon and As.Soc. Bengal (coll. Cantor). 22. Bythinia tentaculata. Helix tentaculata, Linnceus, Sgst. Nat. X, 1758, p. 774; fide Jef., vttrs. ventricosa, decollata, and excavata, from England, 20 Calais, Biarritz, and England ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 12 Heidelberg, Pyrmont, and Ireland; fex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 5 Potsdam ; coll. Dr. E. von Martens. 12 Aix-les-Bains ; coll. G Nevill, Esq. var. kashmirensis, nov. Long 7, diam. 4J mil. 16 Kashmir ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 2 Srfnogar (Kashmir) j coll. W. Theobald, Eiq. (P). 40 PALUDINID^. 23. Bythinia leachi. Turbo Leachi, Sheppard, Travis. Lin. Soc XIV, 1823, JEngland; = Paludina ventricosa, Qray, Med. Repos, 1821 {sine descr.) ; fide Jef., var. elongata, England. 3 Enf^knd ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 2 North Italy ; ex " Liuua3a" (as " B. similis, Zgl. = ventrosa, Gray"). Bubvar. major. 1 Troitskaja (Siberia) : ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn. subvar. inflata. 4 Suchorowskaja (Siberia) ; ex c. Dr. H. Dohru. var. 2 Albania ; ex " Linna3a" (as " B. orsinii, Charp.") These are certainly not the species figured by KUster as Paludina orsinii, " Charp. Ms., from Ascoli " (Central Italy). 24. Bythinia troscheli. Paludina Troschelii, Paasch, Wiegm. ArcUv. 1842, Berlin ; = Paludina similis, Boll, Moll. MecTclenb. 1 Aix-les- Bains ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 7 Kashmir ; coll. Dr. P. Stoliczka. The latter specimens are all decollate ; the whorls are even more convexly rounded than usual. 25. Bythinia orsinii. Paludina Orsinii, Charpentier ms., KUsterf Conch. — Cab. II, 1852, Ascoli. 1 Carthagena (Spain) ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. (4|, 3^). The above original figure agrees exactly ; this specimen measures long. 4|, diam. (vix) 3 mil., and thus agrees fairly with B. hourguicjnati, Palad., from Perpignan, the last whorl of which, however, is less convex ; B. mericUonalis, Frauenfeld, from Spain, is also somewhat like, but it has the spire less produced, the apex more obtuse, and the aperture more everted. 26. Bythinia rubens. Paludina rubens, Menlce, Sgn. II, 1830, Sicily ; var, sinistrorsa, Phil., Zeits. Mai. 1844. 2 Sicily ; ex ** Linnsea". 5 Italy (?) ; ex c. Prof. H. Troschel. PALUDINID^. 41 var. orientalis. 100 Baalbeck, Rv. Litany, and Damascus ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. subvar. prsetumida. 20 Damascus J coll. Dr. J, Anderson. subvar, soluta. 3 Damascus; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. subvar. emaciata. 12 Damascus; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. 27. Bythinia proxima. Bythinia proxima, von Frauenfeld, Verh. Zool. — Bot., Ges. Wien, 1862, Tirol ? 2 Tirol ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. 28 Bythinia, n. sp. 12 Vadali, Bombay Pres. ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. Long. 4, diam. 3 mil. ; whorls 4. 29. Bythinia (?) scalaris. 2 Koflein, Austria; ex " Linnaja" {vi%*' Bithinia scalaris, Zgl,). Seems to me rather a species of Hyclrohia -(Pseuclamnicola) . The opercTila are unfortunately wanting. B. scalaris, Zgl. (fide Frauenfeld), is a variety of B. tentaculata. 30. Bythinia philippinensis. Bythinea philippinensis, O. Nevill, J. A. S. B. 18S1, Inizon: long. 8, d, Q\ mil, 8 S. Cruz, Luzon (type) ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 31. Bythinia truncatula. BitWnia truncatula, Morelet, [uhi T], 8 Madagascar ; ex, c. A. Morelet, Esq. [as " B. truncatula, Mori."] 32. Bythinia moniliata. Bithinia moniliata, Morelet [uhi 1']. 6 Ste. Marie, Madagascar ; ex c. Dr. H. Dohm [as " B. moniliata, Mori."]. 42 PALUD1NID.E. Subgenus FOSSARULUS, Neumayr. Denl-scln-iff, ISSl, tiipe F. sfachei, Neionai/r. 33. Bythinia (Fossarulus ?) marginata. Turbo uiarglimtus, atemnifz, Conch.-Cah. I ;=PaJudina coafigem. Bed, in Coiic/i.-Cab. II, lS52,pl Vll.fgs.lS-lO, Bengal, and Con. Indica, pi, li'il, fig. 10 ;= Valvata sulcata, Egd. ^^' Soul., Vog. Bonite, 1S52 ; species of Fossarulus, fide Brusina, Foss. Moll. Dalmatien, Sfc, 1874, 80 Kftvnul, Conjeveram, & S. India ; coll. W. T. Blauford, Esq., and ex c. Madras jMus. 30 Ceylon ; coll. E. L. Layai-d [A. S. B.] and F. Lnyard, Esqrs. subvav. curta. Subvar. curta : long. lU, diam. hh mil. A sliort form, apparently constant, with the sph-e less pro- duced or exscrted. Typical, common form : long. 7}, diam. h\ mil. 6 Bangalore ; coll. G. Ncvill, Esq. Subgenus HYDROBIOIDES, uov. Type Bgfliiiiia ? furrifa, Blanford. 34. Bythinia (Hydrobioides) turrita. Fairbaukia? (an Bytbiuia?) turrita, W. T. Blanford, Froc Zool. Sac. 1S69, Kgoulpoung—long. 6^, diavi. 3 mil.; Nevill, J. A. S. B., lSSl,pl, VI,fig.l5. 1 Kyoukponng, Burma (type) j coll. Dr. J. Anderson. A very remarkable form, apparently allied to the Bijtli. ineiveglwiiana, Issel, Att. Sc. Torino XXIII, PL 1, Figs. 12^13, from Persia. 35. Bythinia (Hydrobioides ?), n. sp. 1 Kaebh ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Both this and the preceding may possibly prove to be more nearly allied to Hydrohia than to BytJunia. Genus STENOTHYRA, Benson. Ann^ Mag. XVII, 1856, fgpe S. delfit Bs., for Nemafura, Bs., J. A. S. B., r, 1836 (mo/ of Fisclier, 1S13, Genus Orthopt.) ; belongs to Sub- fam. ffi/drobwi(t,fde Stimpson. 1. Stenothyra deltse. Neinatura delt®, Benson, Journ. As. Soc. Benr/al, V, 1836, Calcutta, long. 4 to 5, diam. 21 to 3\ mil. 100 Chandlpal, Pt. Canninp:, Calcutta, and Bliapjalpur ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka, G. Nevill, J. B. Baxter, and J. Wood-Mason, Esqrs. Long. 5^, diam. 3J mil. subvar. minor. 20 Pt. Canning ; coll. G. Nevill and J. Wood-Mason, Esqrs Long. 4, diam. 2J mil. subvar. minima. 10 Pt. Canning; coll. G. Nevill and J. Wood-Mason, Esqrs. Long. 2|, diam. 1| mil. I can see no difference, even under the lens, between any of the preceding, except in size ; there are intermediate forms. 2. Stenothyra, n. sp. 1 Chandipal, Bay of Bengal ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 3. Stenothyra, n. sp. 2 Sonmiani, Mekran Coast ; coll. W. T. Blauford, Esq. 4. Stenothyra glabra. Stenotbjra glabra, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. 1861, Peiho. 24i Swatow, Amoy, and Tokoham (Formosa) ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq, 5. Stenothyra, sp. 1 Japan ? ; ex Mr. R. Damon (as " St. glabra, A. Ad.") 6. Stenothyra strigilata. Stenothyra strigilata, Benson, Ann. Mag. XVll^ 1856, Borneo : long. 7, diam. 4 mil. 3 Sarawak : ex c. Prof. A. Issel. 44> pamjdtnid;e. 7. Stonotliyra hungorfordiana. SLcnotliyra Imn^crfordiuna, (J. NevUi, J. A. S. B. 1880, Andamansy and op, 0. 1881, pL VII, fig. 0. 16 Andamans ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and Rev. J. Warncford. 8. Stenothyra monilifera. Stonotliyra monilifera, Benson, Ann. Mag. XVII, 1856, Mergui — long. 4k, diam.3 ; Con. Indica, pi. 37, Jig. 4; ?=S.puncticulata, Old., Journ. Boston Soc. II, 1847, Tavoy — long. \y lab. \ poll, [not of A. Adams, P. Z. g. 1851, Eastern Isl.— from Cochin- China, Jide Mor. 1875], 1 Akyab; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 1 Amlicrflt, Burma ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka (labelled " St. subgranosa, mi."). var. ( ? dint. flp.). 1 Pcnang; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczlca. 9. Stenothyra, Hp. 1 Sliangluii ; ox c. Dr. F. Stoliczka (3^, 2J). 10. Stenothyra glabrata. StonoUiyra f^labraia, A. Adams, Froc. Zool. Soc. 1851, Pennng ; Benson, Ann. Mag. XII, 1856 — long. 3 to 5i, diam. 2 to 5i mil. and var. olivacea=Sf. olivacea, A. Ad., I. c. Isine Ilab.']. 20 Ponang; ox Mr. R. Damon and India House Museum. 11. Stenothyra polita (P). Stenothyra polita, Sowcrhg MS, A. Adams, P. Zool, Soc. 1851 [loo. ?] and Benson, Ann. Mag. XVII, 1856 : long. 61, diam. 4^ mil., from Singapore. 1 Pcnang ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka, 12. Stenothyra foveolata. Stenothyra foveolata, Benson, Ann. Mag. XVII, 1856, long. 5, diam. 8^ mil., SlkrigaU; Con. Indica, pi. 31, fig 3, "from unique type." var. minor. 1 Sikrigali, Bengal ; coll. Dr. T. Oldham. PALUDINIDiB. 45 13. Stenothyra blanfordiana. Stenotliyra blanfordiana, O. Nemll, J. A. S. B., 1880, ChiUca LaJce, ^c, and op. c. 1881, pL VII, fig. 11. 5 Chilka Lake (type) ; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq. 30 Pt. Canning j coll. J. Wood-Mason, J. B. Baxter, and G. Ncvill, Esqrs. var. (? dist. sp,) 10 Arakan ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. ? Penang; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 3 Singapore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 14. Stenothyra minima. ►Stenothyra minima, 8Sl. ceglonica, n, bi)."). 5 Madras ; coll, G. Nevill, Esq. var. perobvia. 8 Little Rann at Kura, Kathiawar (subfosHil); coll. F. Feddcn, Esq. var. (? dist. sp.) 3 Arakan ; coll. Dr. F, Stoliczka. 15. Stenothyra, n. sp. 1 Arakan ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 16. Stenothyra, n. sp. 1 Penang ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. var. minor (? dist. sp.)" 2 Malacca ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 17. Stenothyra cingulata. Stenothyra cingulata, Benson, Ann, Mag. XVII, 1856, Penang^ "coll. Cantor," long. 5, diam. 3 mil, 1 Penang (typical) ; ex c, India House Museum (coll. Cantor). 46 Rissoii)^. 18. Stonothyra, sp. 1 Java (?) j coll. IJaroii F. von Ri(;hth()fon. Not tlic species figured by Mousson. 19. Stenothyra woodmasoniana. Stonothyra woodniusoniiiiiu, Q. Nav'dl, J. A. S. B. 18H0, Pi. Canning, long. 81, diam. {oIjc) 2 mil., and op. c, 1881, pi, VII, fig. 8. 10 Port Canning (type) ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. 4i. Family EISSOIDiE, Grcii/, Subfamily IIYDB0nTTN2r<], Troschol [emend.]. Genus HYDROBIA, Ilartmmm. Sturm, Fauna Deutichland, 1821, ttjpes II. acuta, vilrea, and minufa [sine descr.'] ; /i^pe reslriclad Ilijdr. acuta, Drap., Fischer, J. de C. 1878; = Faludcstrina, Orh. {pars), Voy. Amer. Mar id. WHO, p. 881, tgpeP.nigra, Or Ik Sfc. ;^^Errof)ia, Stimpson, 1865, type Turho miwutus, Totten ;^Lit- torlneUa, liraun, 1842, and of Thomae, Jahrh. Ver. Naturh. Nassau, II, p. 125, 1845, type My dr. acuta, Drap. ; = Peringia, Palad., Ann. Set. Matur. 1874, type II. ulvae, Mtg. ; sect. = Thermhydrohia, Paulucci 1878, type llydrobia aponensis, v. Martens. TLo animal of ITydrohia [as " LlUorinella'] is gcnorically distinct from tliat of Peringia [hb ^* Hydrohla'], nccovding to Stimpson. Gray, in Turton's Manual, 1840, proposed Turho nlvae. Pennant, as type of the gcnuy, but this cannot, however, be so accepted, because it was not one of Hartmann's original type sjiecies. 1. Hydrobia ulvse. Turbo IJlvac, Pennant, Brit. Zool. 1776; fide Jeffreys :=: Pal. muriatica. Lam. and [p. 810'}^=Cycl. anatinum, Drap. ; Jide Morch, 1871=11. JcverensiSf Schroter, with var. grandis,from Denmark, long, 9k mil. 20 Shorcluuu and WcynitniUi ; coll. 0. Nevill and 'i\ F. Ncvill, Esqrs. RlSSOIDiE. 47 var. obeliscus. Assiminea obeliscus, Palndiihe, Jiev. Mag. Zool. 1800, lonr/. 5, diam. 3 mil.. River Made ; emend. Palad., 1874, long. 7, diam. 3\ mil., as Peringia obeliscus. 14 "Marees de la Mactc," Oran ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. (as " Peringia obe- liscus, Pal."). var. pictonum. Peringia pictonum, Paladllhe, Ann. Sci. Nat. I, 1874, Charente Inf: and Vendee — long. 6 to 7, diam. 5^ mil. 20 Lake Ossigor [S. W. France] ; coll. Marquis de Folin. Monterosato (1878) considered this variety as a good species : it seems to me scarcely separable. Dr. Kobelt adopts for this Bpecies the name of ILgdr. sku/naJis, Bast,, *' to which he joins ventrosa, Mtg.", as a variety, but separates Ilydr. haltlca, Nilss. as a distinct sjoecies. 2. Hydrobia ventrosa. Turbo vcntrosufl, Montagu, Test. Brit. II, 1803 ; fide Jeffreys =Cycl. acu- turn, Drap. 1805 ; fide March, 1871, should he H. stagnalis, Baster {1762) = ventrosa, Mtg. = baltica, Nilss. = II. octona, Lin, 20 Kngland ; coll. G. Novill, Esq. '6 Neuwerk (Germany) ; ex " Linna^a". var. baltica [ ? dist. sp.] Paludina balUiica, Nilsson, Hist. Moll. Sueciae, 1822, Baltic ; fide Sars== Cingula minuta, Totten. 3 Oldenburg; ex " Linuffia" (as " H. baltica, Nilss."). 3. Hydrobia, sp. 7 Oran ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. (as " II. Oranensis, Bourg."). var. (? dist. sp.) 6 Oran; coll. P. Joly, Esq. (3^ 12). 4. Hydrobia peraudieri. Hydrobia Peraudieri, IJourguignat, Bevi. Mag. Zool. 1862, BisJcra, Tuggurt, and fossil at Qeryville — long, 6 to 7, diam, 1^ mil. 48 mssoiD^. var. minor. 10 " Marees de la Macte," Oran ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. (3|, 1^). 5. Hydrobia minuta. Cingula m'nuta, Totten ms., Gould, Invert. Massach. ISM, New England ,• fi e Sars=Pal. haltJiica, Nilss. 30 Massachusetts ; coil. Revd. E. R. Beadle, &c. 6. Hydrobia girardoti. Peringia Gii*ardoti, PaladilTie, Ann. Sci. nat. I, 1874, Loire Inf. — long. 6, diam. 3 mil. ; fide KoheU=Rgdr. stagnalist var. 20 Loire Inf. ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq, (as " H. muriatica. Lam.") 7. Hydrobia brondeli. Hydrobia Brondeli, Bourguignat, Mev. Mag. Zool, 1862, Oran, Algiers, Bone Sfc. ; long. 4, diam. 2 mil. and var. lanceolata, from Tlemcen, Bone Sfc. ; fide Palad. = Hydr. acuta, Morelet, Moll. Portugal (not of Drap.J, Dr. Kobelt considers botli JELydr. brondeli and arenaria, Bourguignat, as varieties of Hydr. acuta, Drap. var. minor. 8 Oran J coll. P. Joly Esq. (3, U). 8. Hydrobia gagatinella. Paludina gagatinella, Parregss ms., Kiister, ConcTi.-Cah. I, 1852, Dal- matia. 3 Pago, Dalmatia; ex "Linnsea" [Frankfurt]. 9. Hydrobia kutschigii. Paludina Kutscliigii, Kiister, ConcTi.-Cah. I, 1852, Balmatia. 2 Scardona, Dalmatia ; ex " Linnsea." 10. Hydrobia consociella. Hydi-obia consociella, von Frauenfeld, Ver. zool.-hot, Ctesellsch. Wien, 1863, Dalmatia. 3 Spalato, Dalmatia; ex "Linnsea.'' RISSOID^. 49 11. Hydrobia aehaja. Hydrobia aehaja, Clessin, Malak. Bldt. XXV, 1S78, Euhoea. 8 Eubcea; ex "Linnsea" and P. Bouvier, Esq. 12. Hydrobia thiessesB. Hydrobia Thiessese, Clessin (uhi 1). 8 Euboea ; ex " Linnsea" and P. Bouvier, Esq. Seems to me scarcely separable from tlie prececTino". 13. Hydrobia aponensis. Hydrobia aponensis, von Martens, Wiegm. Arch. 1867, Ahano, for Paludina thermalis, Kiister, Sfc. {not of Lin.) ; sect. Thermhydrobia. 3 Abano (Padua) ; ex " Linnaea" (as " Hydr. thermalis, Lin."). Subgenus BYTHINELLA, Moquin-Tandon. J. de C. 1851, p. 239, and Hist. Moll. 1856, type Bulimus viridis, Poiret ; sect. = Belgrandia, Boiirg., Moll, quart. Seine, 1869, type £. gihba Brap.; sect. = Vitrella, Clessin, 1877, type P. pellucida, Benz ; sect. = Frauen- feldia, Clessin, 1879, type F. lacheineri, Clessin ; sect. = Maresia, Bourg., Bull. Soe. Toulouse, 1877, type Hydr. dolicUa, Bourg.; sect. = Stimpsonia, Clessin, Mai. Bldt. XXV, 1878. Dr. Kobelt joins the sections Maresia and FrauenfeJdia ; but if this is adopted, tlie former name must have priority. M. de Folin lias suggested tliat the group Vitrella may be the same as his Locardia ; M. Bourguignat considers them as distinct : if they prove identical, both names must yield priority to M. Bourguignat's genus Lhotelleria, which is unmistakeably the same as Locardia. 14. Hydrobia (Bythinella) obtusa. Paludinella obtusa. Lea, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. IX, 1844, Ohio ; sect. Stimpsonia, 2 New York ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns."^ 15. Hydrobia (Bythinella) binneyi. Pomatiopsis Binneyi, Tryon, P. Philad. Ac. 1863, Bolinas, California ; ? sect. Stimpsonia. 20 Baulines Bay ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns. 50 RISSOID^, 16. Hydrobia (Bythinella) lanceolata. Hydrobia lauceolata, PaladWhe, Bev. mid Mag. ZooL 1869, St. Jean de Lttz. 30 Bayomie ; coll. Gr. Nevill, Esq. 17. Hydrobia (Bythinella), sp. 8 Alsace ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq. var. (?). 3 Alsace ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq. 18. Hydrobia (Bythinella) ligurica. Hydrobia Ligui'ica, laladilhe, Mev. Mag, Zool. XIX, 1867, Finale [iV. Halt/']. 1 Alassio ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq, 19. Hydrobia (Bythinella) saxatilis. Hydrobia saxatilis, Reynies, ms., Bupuy, Moll. Fr. 1851, 'p. 561, Monfauhan ; fide Paladilhe, of" Lettre a M. Moquin-Tandon, 1843, pi. I, fig. 3. 6 Cantal j coll. P. Breviere, Esq. var. [ ? dist. sp.] 7 Bayonne ; coll. G. Nevill and Marquis de Folin. Has a smaller aperture, more produced spire, and less obtuse apex than tlie preceding. Dr. Kobelt consiclers it a species of the section Frauenjeldia. 20. Hydrobia (Bythinella) uzielliana. Bytbinia Uzielliana, Issel, Moll. Miss. Persia, 1865, p. 19 — long. 2\, diam, 1\ mil. — hot-water springs at Kerman. 100 Asupas, Sabestan and Karman (Persia) ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 21. Hydrobia (Bythinella) peracuta. Hydrobia peracuta, Paladilhe, Rev. Mag. Zool, 1869, " Lyon" and " Nyons " \_Switzerland'] — long. 3, diam. if mil. 3 Alsace ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq. var. [? dist. sp.] 3 Alsace ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq. RISSOID^. 51 22. Hydrobia (Bythinella) viridis. Bulimus viridis, Poiret, Prod. Moll. Aisne, 1801. 9 France ; coll. A. Malherbe, Esq. [A. S. B.] 2 Grasse ; ex " Linnaea." 23. Hydrobia (Bythinella) elachista. Hydrobia elachista, Pourguignat, Rev. Mag. Zool. 1862, 2^' 112 — long. 3, diam. 2 mil. — Constant itie ; sect. Frauenfeldia,fide Kohelt. It Constantine ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq. 24. Hydrobia (Bythinella) n. sj), 2 Clieragas, Algeria -, coll. P. Joly, Esq. 25. Hydrobia (Bythinella) n. sp. [?] Conf. Paludina miuutissiina, /Sc^Wiit^^, Conch.- Cab. II, pi. 13, fig. 26—27, " Krain." 1 Marees de la Macte, Oran ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. [long. 1| m.J 26. Hydrobia (Bythinella) carinulata. Hydrobia carinulata, Drouei, Moll. Cote d' Or, 1867, Dijon. 30 Dijon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 27. Hydrobia (Bythinella) rubiginosa. Paludina rubiginosa, Bouhee, Bull, ffist. Nat. 1833, St. Oirons {Arihge) ; fide Moquin-Tandon = Hgdr. viridis, Poiret, var, [not Palad.']. 30 Ariege ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq. 28. Hydrobia (Bythinella) abbreviata. Paludina abbreviata, Michaud, Compl. Drap. 1831, Lyons. 20 S. Saulge (Dep, Nievre) ; coll. P. Breviere, Esq. 29. Hydrobia (Bythinella) reyniesi, Hydrobia Eeyniesi, Bupug, Hist. Moll. Fr. 1851, Cauterets,^c.; fide Fischer ^Hydrobia canaliciilata, Palad. 1869, " pres Cierp ;" sect. Frauenfeldia, fide Kobelt, 7 Cauterets ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 52 RISSOID^. 30. Hydrobia (Bythinella) etruaca. Hydrobia Etrusca, Paladilhe, Mev. Mag. Zool. XIX, 1867, nr. Florence — long. 2z, diam. 1\ mil, 1 Alassio [Ligui-ia] ; coll, G. Nevill, Esq. 31. Hydrobia (Bythinella) servainiana. Hydrobia Servainiana, Bourguiguat ms., PaladilJie, Ann. Malac. 1870, St. Jean de Luz, Dep. de VHerault — long. 3, diam. if mil. 8 Hamman Sidi Djabellay (Algeria) ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq. (as " H. servainiana"). 32. Hydrobia (Bythinella) marginata. Paludina marginata, Michaud, Comjpl. Drajp. 1831, Draguignan [^Dept. Var'] ; sect. Belgrandia, 1 Dep. Ariege ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq. 33. Hydrobia (Bythinella) nana. Paludina nana, Terver, Cat. Moll. N. Africa 1839, Bougie <^ Guelma ; sect. Frauenfeldia, Jide Kohelt. 25 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. 34. Hydrobia (Bythinella) glabra. Hydrobia glabra, Tryon, Amer. Journ. Condi, 1, 1865, Bolivia, " ex c. New- comb'* 30 Bolivia (typical) ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb and W. A. Brown, Esq. 35. Hydrobia (Bythinella) miliacea. Hydrobia (Belgrandia) miliacea, G. Nevill, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1880, Ft. Canning, and op. cit. 1881, pi. VII, fig. 7 ; sect. Belgrandia. 100 Port Canning, Lower Bengal [type]; coll. G. Nevill, Esq., and Colonel G. B. Main waring. subvar. gibbosula, nov. 1 Port Canning ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. subvar. subangulata, nov. 10 Port Canning ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 4 Chilka Lake ; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq. rissoidj:. 53 var. minor [? dist. species], Hydrobia miliacea, var. minor, G. Nevill, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1880 — long. 2, diam. 1\ mil. — Ft. Canning. 20 Port Camiiug ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and G. Nevill, Esq, 36. Hydrobia (Bythinella ?), n. sp. (?) ? Paludinella subsinuata, Dunlcer, MalaJc. Bldt. 1862, PondicTierry. 50 Lake Negnmbo, Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [as " H. ceylanica, n. sp."] 37. Hydrobia (Bythinella ?) n. sp. 4 feind; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 1 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank. Probably two distinct species. 38. Hydrobia (Bythinella ?) n. sp. 1 Brackish- water Lake, Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq, 39. Hydrobia (Bythinella) austriaca. Paludinella Austriaca, von Frauenfeld, Sitz. K. Akud. Wissens. Wien, XXII, 1862, Loioer Austria, 2 Carynthia [Austria] ; ex " Linnaea." 40. Hydrobia (Bythinella) dunkeri. Paludinella Dunkeri, von Frauenfeld, Sitz. K. ATcad. Wissens. JFien, XXII, 1862. 3 " Biedenkopf " [Germany] ; ex " Linnaea." 41. Hydrobia (Bythinella) lacheineri. Falndmsi Jja.cheineri) Charpentier ms., Kuster, Conch.- Cab. II, 1853, Gratz and Laihach ; sect. Frauenfeldia. 3 Mantua [Italy] ; ex " Linnaea." 2 Venice ; ex c. C. F. Ancey, Esq. 42. Hydrobia (Bythinella) sohmidti. Paludina Schmidtii, Charpentier ms., Kilsfer, Conck.-Cab. II, 1852, Laihach. 3 Cai-ynthia j ex " Linnaea." 64 RISSOIDJE. var. cyclolabris. Paludinella cyclolabris^ Bossmassler ms., v. Frmienfeld, Ver. zool.-hot. Ge3. Wien, 1863. 2 Hall, Tyrol ; ex c. C. F. Ancey, Esq. 43. Hydrobia (Bytbinella) charpentieri. Anmicola Charpentieri, Both, MaJa/c. Bl. II, 1856, Attica — long, 3\, diam. 3\ mil. 2 " Parn^s/' France [?] j ex " Linnsea." 44. Hydrobia (Bythinella) opaca. Paludinella opaca, Ziegler ms., von Frauenfeld, Sitz. K. Alcad. Wissens. Wien, XXII, 1862. 2 Carniola [Austria] ; ex " Linnsea." 45. Hydrobia (Bythinella) lata. Paludinella lata, von Frauenfeld, Ver. K. zool.-hot. Ges. Wien, 1863, Hungary. 2 Kascliau [Hungary] ; ex " Linnoea." 46. Hydrobia (Bythinella) parvula. Paludina par^oila, Sutton, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1849, KojucTc Pass, Chummun — anfr. 4, long, ^th inch ; Con. Ind.pl. 151, fig. 8, Afghan- istan, also Ahmednugger ; prolably = Bythinia glolida, Lea, 1856, " India and tanTcs at Calcutta" [/] I have not seen any species of the genus from Afghanistan or the North- West Frontier. The species is not represented in the Museum. 47. Hydrobia (Bythinella) gibba. Cyclostoma gibbum, Braparnaud, Hist. 3Ioll. France, 1805 \_sine Hah.'] ; sect. Belgrandia. 3 Soutli France ; ex " Linnsea." 48. Hydrobia (Bythinella) californica. Hydrobia Californica, Tryon, Amer. Journ. Conch. I, 1865, OaJcland, Sfc. 15 Oakland, California ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb. 49. Hydrobia (Bythinella) dolichia. Hydrobia dolichia, Bourguignat, Ilalac. Jig. 1864, p. 236— long, 2k to 2f, diam. 1 mil. — GeryviUe and Boghar ; sect. Maresia. 5 Edough [Bone] j ex c. P. Joly, Esq. RISSOID^. 55 Sub-Genus TEYONIA, Stimpson. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. VII, 1865, tt/pe T. elathrata, Stimjyson. 50. Hydrobia (Tryonia) protea. Amnicola protea, Gould, Proc. Boston Soe. V, 1855, Colorado Desert, 18 Desert, E. of California; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns. Sub-Genus PSEUDAMNICOLA, Paulucci. Mater. Malac. Ital. 1878, tifpe Tahidlna similis, Drap. \^for Amnicola, AtitJiors, not of Gould and Hald.']. 61. Hydrobia (Pseudamnicola) similis. Cyclostoma simile, Draparnaud, Hist. Moll. Fr. 1805 [sine Sah.'] ; Jlde Jeffreys, Hydr. anatina, Auct. \_not of Poiret or Drap.~\. 2 Boufarick [Algiers] ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. 3 England ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. 52. Hydrobia (Pseudamnicola) dupotetiana. Paludina Dupotetiana, Forbes, Ann. Mag. 1838, Bougie. 30 Maison Carree [Algiers] ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. 7 Biskra; coll. P. Joly, Esq. [3i, 2^]. 6 Boghar; coll. P. Joly, Esq. [as " Hy. lutea"]. 53. Hydrobia (Pseudamnicola) subproducta. Hydrobia subproducta, PaladiUie, Eev. Blag. Zool. 1866, Catalonia and Pyrenees Orientales, "errata," p. 40, for Ky. spirata, Paladilhe, I. c. [not of Mequien'\. 10 Cartagena [Spain] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 54. Hydrobia (Pseudamnicola) macrostoma. Paludina macrostoma, Kiister, Conch.- Cah. II, 1853, Athens. 2 Chalcis [Greece] ; ex " Linnsea." 55. Hydrobia (Pseudamnicola) seminula. Amnicola seminula, Charpentier ms., t^on Frauenfeld, Ver. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1S63, p. 1027, Arcadia— long. IS, diam, IS mil. 8 Eubcea; ex " Linusea" and P. Bouvier, Esq. 56. Hydrobia (Pseudamnicola) negropontina. Amnicola negropontina, Clessin, MaloJc. Bldt. XXV, 1878, Eubcea. 4 Eubcea ; ex " Linnsea. " 56 RISSOID^. 57. Hydrobia (Pseudamnicola) vestita. Amuicola vestita, Benoit (ubi ?). 4 " Madonee, " Greece ; ex " Linnaja." 58, Hydrobia (Pseudamnicola) conovula. Amnicola conovula, von Frauenfeld, Ver. zool.-hot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1863, p. 1026, Pago, ^c. 3 Pago ; ex " Linnaea " [as " Amnicola " sp.] 2 Dalmatia; ex " Linnsea " [as " Lithoglyphus" sp. !] Genus AMNICOLA, Gould and Kaldeman. Sup. Monogr. Limniades, p. 3, 1840 ; fide Gould, Invert. Massach. 1841, p. 223, type A. porata, .Say ; genus of suhfam. Fluminicolinae, fide Clessin, 1880. 1. Amnicola (?) petenensis. Amnicola petenensis, Morelet, Test, nov. II, 1851, Central America. 4 Yucatan [typical] ; coll. A. Morelet, Esq. 2. Amnicola (?), sp. 1 Maranon ; coll. A. Morelet, Esq. Labelled " Assiminea atoimis, Mhlf." ; it is not, liowever, Amnicola atomaria, Mhlf., as figured bj Kuster. 3. Amnicola (?) succinea. Paludina succinea, Pfeiffer, Wiegm. Arch. VI, 1840, Cuba; fide von Frauen- feld sp. of Assiminea. 1 Cuba ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 4. Amnicola pallida. Amnicola pallida, Saldeman, Mon. Limniades, Pt, 4, 1842, Lake Champlain. 16 New York; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns. 5. Amnicola cincinnatiensis. Paludina cincinnatiensis, Anthony, Journ. Boston Soc. Ill, 1840, Cincinnati. 18 New York ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb and E. C. Steams. 6. Amnicola limosa. Paludina limosa, Say^ J. Ac. Philad. I, 1817, Rv. Delawa}-e, ^o, 50 New York ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb, &c« RISSOID^. 57 7. Amnieola granum. Paludina grana. Sat/, J. Ac. Nat. Sci. II, 1822, Pennsylvania. 40 Michigan ; coll. W. A. Brown, Esq. 8. Amnieola sayana. Amnieola sayana, Anthony ms., HaJdeman, J. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliilad, VIII, 1842, Cincinnati; = Cyclostoma cincinnatiense. Lea, P. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1840. 30 Ohio; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb and W. A. Brown, Esq. The radula is very different from that of the type species, comp. Clessin, Mai. Bl. 1880 ! 9. Amnieola badia.' Amnieola badia, Gould, P. Boston Soc. Ill, 1848, PanJcsFen., Neio Zealand, 14 Lake Ellmere, New Zealand ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 2 New Zealand; coll. J, Caldwell, Esq. 10. Amnieola antipodarum. Amnieola antipodarum. Gray, I>ieff. Travels, p. 241, 1850, N. Zealand / Smith. Moll, Erelus and Terror', pi. 6 ; ? sjp. of Pomatopyryus. 4 Lake Letitia, N. Zealand ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 11. Amnieola panamensis. Ilydrobia Panamensis, Ancey [in litt.']. 4 Panama ; ex c. C. F. Ancey, Esq. Subgenus P0MAT0FYBGU8, Stimpson. Amer. J. Con. I, 1865, and Smithsonian Misc. Coll. VII, 1855, type Melania corolla, Gould. 12. Amnieola (Pomatopyrgus) eorolla. Melania corolla, Gould, P. Boston, Soc. 11,1847, N. Zealand ; = A. cumin- giana, Fischer, J. de C. 1859, N. Zealand-; var. ? = A. salleana, Fischer, I. c, N. Zealand. 2 Locality ? ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. 13. Amnieola (Pomatopyrgus) eoronata. Paludina eoronata, Pfeiffer, Wiegm. Arch. I, vol. VI, 1840, No. 76, Cuba / = Palndestrina candeana, Orb., Moll. Ctiba, 1841 ; var. ? = Paludina 58 llISSOIDA^. cTijstalUna, Pfr., I. c No. 77, and Melania spinifera, Adams, P. Post. S. Ill, 1851, Jamaica ; fide SMit. Sfc, var. s. = A. anthraeina, MigJiels, P. B. S. 1845, = P. Jamaicensis, Adams, = P. cisternicola, Morelet; fide v. Martens, 1873 = crystalUna = candeana = cisterni- cola = ornata. 10 Guadaloupe ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb (sent as ''A. candeana"), 2 Jamaica ; ex " Linnsea" (as "A, candeana, Orb."). 1 Portorico ; ex Mr. Gr. Schneider. 14. Amnicola (Pomatopyrgus) ornata. Aninicola ornata, Morelet, Test. nov. II, 1851, RejpiMic San Salvador ; fide FiscJier, 1860, =^ A. coronata, var. 6 Guatemala [typical] ; coll. A. Morelet, Esq. 15. Amnicola (Pomatopyrgus) crystallina. Paludina crystallina, Pfeiffer, Wiegm. Arch. I, 1840, No. 77, Quia; Conch.- Cah. II, pi. X,fig. 7, 8 ; fide Fischer, 1860, A. coronata Pfr., var. inermis. 2 Guadaloupe ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb (mixed witb A. coronata). 1 Portories; ex Mr. G. Schneider. I cannot lielp thinking that Shuttle worth and others have con- fonnded two distinct, though variable, forms, living together on most of the West Indian Islands. 16. Amnicola (Pomatopyrgus) jamaicensis. Paludina jamaicensis, C. B. Adams, P. Boston Soc. 'Ill, 1851, Jamaica ; A. coronata, var. fide Shut., 8^c. 10 Jamaica; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn. 7 Jamaica ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb. I cannot bring myself to believe this a mere variety of A. coronata. Genus COCHLIOPA, Sthwpson. Am. J. Conch. I, 1865, and Smithsonian Misc. Coll. VII, 1865, type Amni- cola roioelli. Try on ; genus of suhfam. Fluminicolince, fide Clessin 1880. Not in the Museum collection. Genus FLUMINICOLA, Stimpson. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. VII, 1865, type Pal. nuttalliana, Lea ; genus of suhfam. Fluminicoli nee, fide Clessin, 1880. RTSSom^. 59 1. Fluminicola nuttalliana. Paludlna Nuttalliana, Lea, Trans. Amer. Philos, Soc. VI, 1S39, Culmnhia River, Oregon. 8 Oregon ; coll. Profs. W. Newcomb and E. C. Stearns. Genus GILLIA, Stlm^json. Amer. J. Conch. I, 1865, and Smiihsonian Misc. Coll, VII, 1865, iyve Melania altilis, Lea ; genus of suhfam. Fhmiinicolincs, fide Clessin, 1880. 1. Gillia altilis. Melania altilis. Lea, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. II, 1841, S. Carolina. 2 Potomac Rv. ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns. 2. Gillia integra. Melania integ-ra. Say, N, H. Dissem. II, 1829, Ohio Rv. ; Somatogyrus sp, fide Binney, 1865. 4 United States ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle. 1 Florida; ex Mr. G. Schneider. Genus SOMATO GYRUS, Gill. P. Philad. Acad. 1863, type Amnicola depressa, Tryon ; genus of suhfam. JFluminicoUncBffide Clessin, 1880. 1. Somatogyrus isogonus. Melania isogona. Say, N. S. Dissem. II, 1829, Louisville. 6 Kentucky and N, York ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle and E. C. Stearns. Genns LITHOGLYPHUS, Ziegler, ms. C. Pfeiffer, Deutseh. Moll. Ill, 1828, type L. naticoides, Per. \_fide Stim'pson, of Hartmann, 1821'\ ; genus of suhfam. Fluminicolince, fide Clessin, 1880. There is a Litli. lili^iitanus^ Gredler, JaLrb. 1881, from China. 1. Lithoglyphus prasinus. Litlioglyplius prasinus, KoJceil ms., F. J. Schmidt, Conch. Krain, 1847, and Kiister, Conch.- Cab. II, 1852, Carynthia. 1 Klagenfurt [Carynthia] ; ex " Linnaa." 60 EISSOID^. 2. Lithoglyphus natieoides. Lithoglyphus natieoides, Fertissac ms., C. Pfeiff'er, Deutsch. Moll. Ill, 1828, Ansfria \_fide Bourg. not of Kiister'\. 3 Marosch river, Transylvania ; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham. 3. Lithoglyphus martabanensis. Lithoglyphus martabanensis, Theohald, J. Asiat. S. 'Beng. 1870, Prov. Martaban — " ivith sp. of Paludina, Sec" 3 Near Moulmein [typical?] ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. I consider this undoubtedly a true Litliorjly^jhus. It bears considerable resemblance to some of the forms that have been described as Jullienia. 4. Lithoglyphus fuscus. Lithoglyphus fuscus, Ziegler, ms., C. Pfeiffer, BeutscTi. Moll. Ill, 1828, Krain. 12 Mitrovitch [?] ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 5. Lithoglyphus pannonieus. Lithoglyphus pannonieus, von Frmienfeld, Ver. K. zool.-bot. Ges. 1865> Hungary. 2 Hungary ; ex " Linnsea." 6. Lithoglyphus fluminensis. Lithoglyphus fluminensis, Sadler ms., Schmidt, Conch. Krain, 1847 [as of Lang'], and Kuster, Conch.- Cab. II, 1852, pi. 12, fig. 18— 21, Krain; fide von Frauenfeld 1 = L. natieoides, var. 2 Carynthia ; ex " Linnsea." 1. Lithoglyphus pygmseus. Lithoglyphus pygmseus, von Frauenfeld, Ver. K, zool.-bot. Ges, 1863> Croatia. 4 Crahova, Dalmatia ; ex " Linnsea" and P. Joly, Esq. 8. Lithoglyphus [?] trieostatus. Lithoglyphus trieostatus, lirot, J. de C. XV, 1867, Piver Uruguay, Prov. of Fntre-Rios, " allied to L. buschii, Dhr. and L. [Paludestrina] periston- mata. Orb." 2 South America; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. RISSOIDiB. 61 Seems to me to belong to an altogether different group from tlie European species. Subgenus SPEKIA, Bourguignat. Descr. esp. Moll. 1879, type LithoglypTius zonatus, Woodtvard. 9. Lithoglyphas (Spekia) zonatus. Lithoglyplius zonatus, Woodioard, P. Zool. 8~ 1859, Lake Nyanza. 1 Lake Tanganyika ; ex Mr. R, Damon. Subgenus JULLIENIA, Crosse and Fisclier. J. de C. XXIV, 1876, type Melaniajiavia, DesJiayes, Cambodia. Not represented in the Museum. Subgenus LAGUNOPSIS, Desbajes and Jullien. Nouv. Arch. Mus. X, 1874, type L. Jullieni, Deshayes,Camhodia [as Genus']. LitJioglyplius martahanensis, Theobald, may possibly prove to belong to this group, but I think this will prove to be not the case. Not represented in the Museum. Genus EMMERICIA, Brumati: Foss. Moll. Balmatien, 1874, type Pal. patula, Brum. ; genus of suhfam. EmmericmcB, fide Clessin, 1880. 1. Emmericia patula. Paludina patula, Brumati, Cat. Conch. Monfalcone, 1838, and K'dster Conch.-Cab. II, pi. 8, fig. 15—22. var. expansilabris. Conch.-Cab. II, 1852, pi. 8, fig. 18-22, as Pal. patula, Brum. = Pal, expansilabris, Miihlfeld, in litt, 2 Obbrowazzo, Dalmatia; ex "Lmnsea." M. Bourguignat in his Monograph of the genus, p. 80, con= siders this form — doubtless correctly — as a distinct species. 62 RISSOID^. Genus PACHYDROBIA, Crosse mid Fischer. J. de C. XXIV, 1876, type P. paradoxa, Cr. and F. ; genus of Fam. RissoidcB, fide Martens; fide Poirier, J. de C. 1881, belongs to the Sydro- hince, next allied to G^illia. 1. Pachydrobia parva. Pacliycbilus parvus. Lea, P. Ac. Nat. Sci. PMlad. I III, 1856, Siam ; = Melania crassilahrum. Peeve, Icon. 1860; = Paludomus cyanostonius, Morelet, J. de C. 1864, Siam. 4 Cambodia; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. 2. Pachydrobia paradoxa. Pachydrobia paradoxa, Crosse and Fischer, J. de C, 1876, Camhodia. 1 Locality ? ; ex " Linnsea." Genns HEMISTOMIA, Crosse. J. de C. 1872, type Semistomia caledonica, Crosse. 1. Hemistomia caledonica. Hemistomia Caledonica, Crosse, J. de C. 1872, near Noumea, long. 2k, dlam. f mil. 2 New Caledonia J ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. Genus TRICULA, Benson. Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 1842, type T. montana, Benson ; fide Stimpson, StoliczTca and Blanford, belongs to Fam. Pissoidce. 1. Tricula montana. Tricula montana, Benson, Calc. J. Nat. Sist. 1842, and Ann. Mag. 1862, Bhimthal, at 4,000 ft., Kumaon ; Con. Indica, pi. 155, fig. 1. 10 Nynee Thai ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 7 Bhimthal [? typical] ; ex c. Asiatic Society, Bengal. var. curta, nov. 2 Jhiri Valley, at 3,000 feet [N. Cachar] j coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin- Austen. Genus BAIKALIA, von Martens \_emend.']. Jahrb. Mai. Ges. 1876, for Limnorea,DybotvsM, 1878 \_not of Leach, <^c.)'\ type B. angarensis, Gerst. ; sect. = LiobaiJcalia, Martens, Jahrb. 1876, type B. stiedae, Dyb. ; sect, = Lyboivskia, Dall, P. B, S. 1876, type B. ciliata, Dyb, RISSOID^. 63 Clessin, in the Nacliriclitsblatt for 1878, p. 126, considers Lartetia^ Boiirgiiisfnat, as a close ally, and tliat Lotli should constitute a family between the Rissoidee and Melaniidge ; in 1880 he classes the group as part of the latter. 1. Baikalia stiedse. Leucosia Stiedse, ByloivsJci, Acad. Imp. St. Petersburg, 1875, Lake Baikal ; sect. LiohaiJcalia. 1 Lake Baikal ; ex Mr. R. Damon, Genus TRACHYBAIKALIA, voyi Martens lemend.]. Jahrh. Mai. Ges. 1876, for Ligea, ByhoiosJci, 1875, type T. costata, Dyh. \_not of Fahricius, germs Crust.'] ; sect. = Godlewskia, Crosse and Fischer, J. de C. 1879, type T. tiirriforinis, Byh.; belongs to Fam. 3Ielaniidce,Jide Clessin. Not represented in the Museum. Subfamily SKENEIN^, Stimpson. Genus SKENE A, Fleming. Hist. Brit. Anim. 1828, type Turbo planorbis, Fabr. 1. Skenea planorbis. Turbo planorbis, O. Fabricius, Fauna Greenland, 1780. 8 England ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 10 England; ex Mr. R. Damon. Subfamily FOMATIOPSINJ]], Stimpson. Genus POMATIOPSIS, Tryon. P. Bliilad. Ac. 1862, p. 452, type Paludina lapidaria. Say. 1. Pomatiopsis lapidaria. Paludina lapidaria. Say, J. Ac. Nat. Set. I, 1817, Missouri to Michigan. 18 Niagara Falls ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns. 12 Micliigan ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb. 2. Pomatiopsis intermedia. Pomatiopsis intermedia, Tryon, Am. J. Conch. I, 1865, S. F. Oregon. 4 Oregon ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb. 64 RISSOID^. Subfamily ASSIMINEINJ^, Nevill. Genus ASSIMINEA, Leach, ms. Gray, Lond. Medic, Repos. 1821 [sine descrJ], Fleming, Brit. Anim. 1828, and Man. Turton, 1840, type A. grayana. Leach ; sect. == Paludinella, Pfr., Wiegm. Arch. I, 1841, p. 227, type Helix Uttorina, Belle Chiaje, Sicily, There is a species from tlie Comoro Islands, Assiminea ^arvula, Morelet, J. de C. 1877. 1. Assiminea pinguis. Assiminea pinguis, von Martens, Ann. Mag. XVII, 1866, Macao, ^'in a muddy inlet" — long. 6, diam. 4 mil, 10 Canton River [mouth of — ] ; coll. R. Hungerford. Esq. Scarcely separable from Assionmea hrevicula. 2. Assiminea grayana. Assiminea grayana. Leach ms., Fleming, Brit. Anim. 1828, near Green- wich. 6 Mouth of the Thames; coll.E. Webster, Esq. 3. Assiminea franeesise [emend.]. Turbo Francesi, Gray, Wood's Ind. Test. Sup. 1828, E. Indies ; = A.fas' data, Benson, Zool. J. 1835, p. 463, 16 Zwagabin, near Moulmein ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 16 Chandernagore, Calcutta, and Pt. Canning; coll. Colonel G. B. Main- waring and G. Nevill, Esq. Tlie original figure of the type has a conspicuous broad white belt at the periphery ; specimens with this band are everywhere much more uncommon than those without it. subvar, subconcolor. 50 Calcutta ; coll G. Nevill, Esq. Long. 10, diam. 6 mil. subvar. multifasciata. 50 Burma ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 30 Moisraka, Ranigunj and Port Canning; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Long. lOJ, diam. 6J mil, — type from Port Canning. RISSOIDiR. 65 subvar. curta. 30 Silhet ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Long. 7J, diam. 5J mil. subvar. rubiginicolor. 20 Zwagabin, nr. Moulmein ; coll. Dr. P. Stoliczka. Long. 7J, diam. 5 mil. subvar. attenuata. 30 Botanical Gardens, Calcutta ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq, 30 Pt. Canning- ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq , 6 Penang; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Long. 7J, diam. 4J mil. — Botanical Gardens, Calcutta, on shrubs, a quarter of a mile from the river. 4. Assiminea subconica. Optediceros subconicum, Leith, J. As. S, Bombay V, 1853, Bombay — *^ animal grey " — long. 4, diam. 2\ mil. Mr. Fedden has discovered a single specimen of an allied species, with markedly more subangulate last whorl and less convex spire, subfossil in the Runn of Kutch. 18 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank and W. T. Blanford, Esq. var. (? distinct species). 8 Bombay (in bad condition) ; coll. Rev. S, B. Fairbank. 2 Kathiawar; coll. F. Fedden, Esq, 5. Assiminea peaseana. Assiminea peaseana, S. Nevill, ms,, G. Nevill, J. Asiat. S. Bengal, 1880, Ceylon. 12 Ceylon (type) ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. 6. Assiminea theobaldiana. Assiminea theobaldiana, G. Nevill, J. Asiat. S, Bengal, 1380, Pt. Canning and op. cit. 1881, pi. VII, Jig. 4. 30 Port Canning (type) ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. 1 Cliandipal; coll. G. R Clarke, Esq. 66 RISSOIDJ!, 7. Assiminea, n. sp. 1 Kulungsu (Amoy) ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq, Near Assiminea microsmdyta, Nevill. 8. Assiminea, n. sp. (?) 1 Bombay ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 9. Assiminea japoniea. Assiminea Japoniea, von Martens, Berl. Ges, naturl. Fr. 1877, Japan, 2 Japan ; ex Mr. R. Damon (labelled " A. cincta, A. Ad."). 10. Assiminea borneensis. Amnicola bomeensis, j55eZ, -4mw. JfM5. Civ. Geneva VI, 1S74, BintuJu—long. 2\, diam. if mil. 4) Borneo (typical) ; ex c. Prof. A. Issel. 11. Assiminea beddomeana. Assiminea beddomeana, G. Nevill, J. Asiat. S. Bengal, 1880, Ft. Canning and op. cit. 1881, pi. VII, fig. 3. 50 Port Canning (type) ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. 11 Cox's Bazar (Cbittagong) and Rangoon j coll. H. Raban and R. Hungerford, Esqrs. 12. Assiminea rotunda. Assiminea rotunda, Fairhanlc, ms., TV. T. Blanford, Ann. Mag. XIX, 1867 — " on mud between tide^marlcs, rather lower down than A. cornea and A. marginata, Bombay— long. 4, diam. 3 mil., animal gr eg." 8 Sonmiani, Mekran (Persian Gulf) ; coll, W. T. Blanford, Esq. 16 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank and W. T. Blanford, Esq. 13. Assiminea marginata. Optediceros marginatum, Leith, J. As. S. Bombay, V — July 1853, Bombay — " animal scarlet ;" Blanford, Ann. Mag. XIX, 1867, long. 4g, diam. 3 mil' and var. major, long. 6, diam, 4 mil. 14 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Faii'bank and W. T. Blanford, Esq. 8 Sonmiani, Persian Gulf ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. The differences between tliis species and tlie preceding seem to me scarcely more than varietal. RISSOIDiE. 67 14. Assiminea, n. sp. Beypore ; coll. Rev. S, B. Fairbank. Long, (vix) 2J, diam. 2 mil. 15. Assiminea cornea. Optediceros corneum, LeitJi, J. As. S. Bombay, V — 1853, Bombay [not At cornea, Ffr. 1854, Borneo'] ; fide Blanford 1867, " long. 4, diam. 3 mil. — rare." 8 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank and W. T. Blanford, Esq. Leitli describes tlie animal of this shell, as also that of A. subconicmn, as of a grey colour. That of A. marginatum, he states, is scarlet. 16. Assiminea brevicula. Hydrocena brevicula, Pfeiffer, P. Zool. S. 1854, Singapore, long. 8^, diam. 5k mil. ; var. = A. miniata. Martens, Ann. Mag. XV 11^ jp. 204, 1866, Singa- pore, long. 9, -diam. 4 mil. ; = A. rubella, Blanford, Ann. Mag. 1867, Ira- wady Delta, long. 5, diam. 4 mil. ,• var. =^ Hydrocena marginata, Morelet, J. de C. 1865, BangJcoTc — long. 6 to 8, diam. 4 to 5i mil. ,- ? = A. rubida, Gould, P. Bost. S. 1859, Loo CJioo I. ; Nevill, J. A. S. B. 1881, pi. FIT, fig. 5 (animal). 12 Singapore ; ex c. India House Museum. 1 Malacca ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka, 20 Andamans ; coll. J. Wood-Mason and F. A. de Roepstorff, Esqrs. Long. 6J, diam. 5 mil. 3 Borneo ; ex Mr. Damon (c. A. Adams). 50 Irawady Delta; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq., &c. 50 Port Canning; coll. J. Wood- Mason and Gr. Nevill, Esqrs. (7, 5). 14 Arakan ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka . 8 Cebu (Philippines) ; coll. II. Hungerford, Esq. 12 Kulungsu (Amoy) ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. subvar. bibalteata. 12 Port Canning ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq., &c. subvar. bicolor. 20 Port Canning ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq., &c. subvar. flavida. 12 Port Canning ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka, &c. 68 KISSOIDJl. 17. Assiminea paladilhii. Omphalotropis Paladilhii, Issel, Ann, Mus. Civ. Genova VI, 1874, Sarawak — long. 5^, diam. 4 mil.; ? = Sydrocena lirata, Morelet, Rev. Zool. 1862, long, 6\, diam. 4 mil., hanks of the Bien-Soa, Cochin-CMna. 2 Sarawak (typical) ; ex c. Prof. A. Issel. 18. Assiminea elise. Assiminea Eliae, Paladilhe, Ann. Sci. Nat. {VI), Vol. II, 1875, RocTielle and Coimhra, 20 Bayonne ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. A true Assiminea and very like the CMnese A. sinensis. 19. Assiminea latericea, Assiminea latericea, S. Sf A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1863, p. 434, Yang-tsze- kiang Sf Peiho. 1 China (typical) ; ex c. H. Adams, Esq. 20. Assiminea (?) dubia. Cyclostoma dubium, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Mai. 1846, Opara — long. 9, diam. 5 mil. ; Jide Pease, 1869, species of Assiminea. 4 Opara (typical ?); ex c. Dr. H. Dehrn. I believe tliis will prove a species of Omphalotropis, rather than of Assiminea. 1 Japan (?) ; ex Mr. E. Damon. Long. 5f , diam. 4 mil. Despite the difference in size, it agrees exactly with typical figure in the Conch.-Cab. II. 21. Assiminea subeornea, n. sp. Hydrocena cornea, Pfeiffer, P. Zool. S. 1854, Borneo Sf JBashee I. — long. 10, diam. 5 mil. (not Optedieeros corneum, Leith, 1853). 1 Japan (?) ; ex Mr. R. Damon (as " A. cornea, Pfr. coll. Eein."). This looks to me a true Assiminea ; long. 7, diam. 4 mil. 22. Assiminea (?), sp. 1 Opara ; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn (mixed with Ass. ? dubia). " Long. 5, diam, 4 mil. Probably a species of Omphalotropis, RISSOTDiE. 69 23. Assiminea hungerfordiana. Assiminea hungerfordiana, O. Nevill, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1S80, Rangoon and op. cit. 1881, pi. VII, fig. 2. 1 Rangoon (type) ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq, 24. Assiminea sinensis. Assiminea sinensis, O. Nevill, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1880, Hongkong. 3 Estuary of the Canton Rv. ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 4 Hongkong (type) ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 25. Assiminea woodmasoniana. Assiminea woodmasoniana, G. Nevill, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1880, Ft. Can- ning, and op. cit. 1881, pi. VII, fig. 1, 30 Port Canning (type) ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. 2 Chandipal ; coll. Gr. R. Clarke, Esq. var. (? dist. sp.) 1 Bombay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 26. Assiminea cincta (?). Assiminea cincta, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VIII, 1861, Estuary of the Beiho, 1 Amoy J coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 27. Assiminea dohrniana. Assiminea dohrniana, G. Nevill, J. Asiat. S. Bengal, 1880, HongJcong. 10 Hongkong (type); coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 1 Kulungsu (Amoy); coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 28. Assiminea bifasciata. Assiminea bifasciata, G. Nevill, Journ. Asiat. S. Bengal, 1880, Natal. 12 Port Natal (type); coll. G. Nevill, Esq. (5|, 3i). Long. 6|, diam. 3| mil. 29. Assiminea lutea (?). Assiminea lutea, A. Adams, Attn. Mag. 1861, month of the Peiho ; ? =z A debilis, Gould, P. Bost. S. VII, 1859, p. 107, Loo Choo I. 1 Deep Bay (Hongkong) j coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 70 RISSOID^. var. fasciata. 1 D jep Bay, Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 30. Assiminea microsculpta. Assiminea microsculpta, G. Nevill, Journ. Asiat. S. Bengal, 1880, I^t. Canning, and op. cit. 1881, pi. VII, Jig. 5. 50 Port Canning (type); coll. J. Wood- Mason, Esq. 31. Assiminea templeana. Assiminea templeana, G. Nevill, Journ. Asiat. 8. Bengal, 1880, Nicohars. 20 Katchall, Nicobar Islands (type) ; coll. F. A. do RoepstorfP, Esq. 32. Assiminea aflQnis. Assiminea affinis, Monsson \uhi ?]. 1 Rockhampton [Queensland] ; ex Mus. Godeffroy (as "A. affinis, Mss.") 33. Assiminea ovata. Hydrocena ovata, Bease, B. Zool. S. 1864, Mangier I. — long. 5, diam. 3 mil. ; Jide Bease, 1869, Omphalotropis sp. ; fide Cat. Mus. Godef., Assiminea sp. 2 Cook's I. (^Hervey I.) ; ex Mus. Godeffroy. 34. Assiminea vitiensis. Assiminea vitiensis, Garrett, Am. J. Conch. VII, 1872, Viti I. — long. 4^ mil. 1 Viti (=Feejee I.) ; ex Mus. Godeffroy. 35. Assiminea parvula. Hydrocena parvula Mousson, J. de C. XIII, 1865, Upolu—long. 5^, diam. 2imil.; = Sydrocena similis, Baird, Voy. Curacoa; Omphalotropis sp. fide Bease, 1869 ; Assiminea sp., fide Cat. Mus. Godeffroy. 3 Upolu [Samoa] ; ex Mus. Godeffroy. I consider tMs probably a mere variety (and a very sligbt one) of Assiminea nitida. 36. Assiminea moussoni. Amnicola moussoni, Issel, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, VI, 1874, Bintulu—~~ long. 2\, diam. 1\ mil. 7 Sarawak [typical] ; ex c. Prof. A. Issel. I doubt if this is more than a variety of the preceding. It is a smaller form, with less acuminate spire, slightly less angular at the periphery, with a smaller and more contracted aperture. RISSOIDiE. 71 37. Assiminea nitida. Hydrocena nitida. Pease, P. Zool. S. 1864, Suaneine, long. 2|, diam, 2 mil.; Assiminea sp.fide Pease, J. de C. 1869, pi. VII, Jig. 10 Inotfig. 11]. 3 Pacific I. [typical] ; coll. H. Pease, Esq. 30 Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 30 Mauritius J coll. G. Nevill, Esq. An incised line beneath tlie suture exists in several of these specimens from Mauritius. var. 3 Huaheine [Tahiti] ; ex Mus. Godeffroy (as " A. nitida"). This is a form more like Assiminea parvula ihan the preced- ing typical specimens, the whorls being slightly more convex ; it is smaller than either. var. nana. 16 Mauritius (type var.) ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 1 Penang; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 1 Nicobars ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. 38. Assiminea, n. sp. 8 Chandipal (type) ; coll. G. R. Clarke, Esq. Yery close to the preceding, but with the last whorl relatively much more globose, the spire shorter, like Amu. horneensis, Issel, 1. c, but imperforate, &c. Long. IJ mil. 39. Assiminea, n. sp. (?) 2 Bombay (in bad condition) ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 40. Assiminea carinata. Assiminea carinata. Lea, P. Ac. Philad. VII, 1856, Siam ; = Hydrocena fas- ciolata, Morelet, Eev. Zool. 1862, Cochin- CMha, long. 10, diam. 5 mil. ;fide Martens = Sydrocena fulvida, Pfr„ J. de C. 1862, Siam— long. 7^, diam. 3% mil.; fide Pease =^ Omphalotropis maculata. Martens, P. Z. S. 1860, Siam, long. 11, diam. 7 mil. ; 2 = Hydrocena radiata, Pfr., P. Z. S. 1854, Borneo, long. 7^, diam. 4 mil. 3 Saigon (typical A.fasciolata) ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. 1 Sarawak ; ex c. Prof. A. Issel (as " A. carinata "). 2 Borneo ; ex Mr. R. Damon (ex c. A. Adams). 72 RISSOID^. These last were sent to me as " Assim. radlata, Pfr." If this identification is correct, Lea's name will liave to yield priority to Pfeiffer's. var. (? dist. sp.) 1 Zwagabin, nr. Moulmein (sp. juv.) ; coll. Dr. Stoliczka. Unfortunately not adult ; there is a distinct keel round the umbilicus, also two impressed lines below the suture. 41. Assiminea littorina. Helix littorina, Delle Chiaje, Mem. An. sans Vert. Najpoli III, 1828 ; sect. Paludinella. 3 England ; ex Mr. R. Damon. 42. Assiminea sicana. Assiminea sicana, Brugnone, Monterosato, Mnum. Conch. Medit. 1876, for A. littorina, Delle Chiaje, var. sicana, Brugnone, Misc. II, Fal. 1876^ fig. 15. 5 Algiers; coll. P. Joly, Esq. 43. Assiminea ealifornica. Assiminea ealifornica. Cooper (ubi ?). 4 San Francisco ; ex ** Linnsea." 44. Assiminea n. sp. 1 Andamans ; coll. F. A. de RoepstorfB, Esq. Closely allied to A. woodmasonianaj Nevill. 45. Assiminea n. sp. 1 Andamans (spec, juv.) ; coll. F. A, de Roepstorff, Esq. Allied to A. miscrosculjjta, Nevill. 46. Assiminea turbinata, Hydrocena turbinata, Gassies, Act. Soc. Lin. Bord. 1879, Noumea et lie Nou — long. 3 to 3^, diam. 2 to 2^ mil. 10 New Caledonia; ex c. P. Bouvier and C. F. Ancey, Esqrs. 47. Assiminea pygmaea. ma pygmaea, Gassies, J. de C. J| mil. 3 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq, Hydrocena pygmaea, Gassies, J. de C. 1865, lies Art et Nou — long, 2, diam. I| mil. RTSSOIB^. 73 Sub-family BISSOININ^, Stoliczka. Genus RISSOmA, Orhignij. Voij. Anier. Merid. V, p- 394, 1842 [as Stih-Genus of Rissoa]^ unique type E. ivca. Orb.; sect. JB. = Rissolina, Oould, P. Bost. S. 1861, type R. plicatula. Old.; sect. C. = Schioartziella, Nevill, type R. hryerea, Mtg. ; sect. D = Phosinella, March, type R. pulchra, C. B. Adams ; sect. E. = Zehinella, Morch, type R. decussata, Mtg.; sect. ^. = MoercMella, Nevill, type R. gigautea, Desliayes ; sect. O. = Zehina, H. Sf A. Adams, type R. coronata, Mecluz ; sect. H. = Pyramidelloides, Nevill, type R. miranda, A. Adams. Section A. — Typical, Bissoina costulata, Pease, Am. J. Con., 1868, Paumotus, long 5, diam. 2 m., belongs to the typical section as does R. incerta, Soiiverbie, from New Caledonia, and R. terebra, Garrett, from the Pacific Islands. 1. Rissoina ambigua. Pyramidella ambigua, Gould, P. Bost, S. HI, 1849, Clermont Tonnerre, long. \, diam. -^^ poll.— [emend. Otia Con. p. 243, as Rissoina']; = R. multicostata, Oarrett, P. Calif. Acad. 1857 {not of C. B. Ad. 1850) =R. costulifera, Pease, J. de C. 1862, p. 382, Sandwich Islands ; = R. pusilla, Schwartz, pi. IF, fig. 29 [not of BroccW] ; = R, sul- concinna, Souverhie, J. de. G. 18 , New Caledonia, long. 6 to Sk, diam. 2\ mil. The form originally described by Gould was evidently yonng, hence the many errors that have arisen. The M. ptisllla of Brocchi is scarcely separable ! Schwartz's pi. Ill, fig. 27, " B. ajnhigioa,'^ seems to be something different. 100 Ceylon, Mauritius, Andamans, Arakan, Penang, Annesley Bay and Koweiah [K'ed Sea], Seychelles, Bourbon and Aden; coll. W. T. Blanford, F. Stoliczka, J. B. Baxter, J. Wood-Mason, and G. Nevill, Esqrs. 10 Upolu and Sandwich I. ; coll. H. Pease, Esq., and ex Mus. Godeffroy. 3 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. 74 RISSOID^. suLvar. cincta. Eissoina cincta, DunTcer, Cat. Mus. Godef.IV, 1S69, Upolu ; op. cit. V, as var. of R. pusilla. 13. Mauritius, Ceylon, Arakan and Andamans; coll. W. T. Blanford, J. B. Baxter, J. Wood-Mason, and G. Ke\ill, Esqrs. var. perpusilla, nov. Long 3^^, diam. IJ mil. 26 Mauritius [type var.] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 3 Bombay and Henjam [Persia] ; coU. W. T. Blanford, Esq. var. myosoroides. Pv. myosoroides, Recluz,Jide Schioartz, pi. IV, fig. 30, Mauritius. 30 Arakan, Mauritius, Ceylon, Natal, Andamans, and Singapore; coll. F. Stoliczka, J. Wood-Mason, and G. Nevill, Esqrs. 2. Eissoina pusilla. Turbo pusillus, Brocchi, Conch, foss. II, 1814. 3 Steinabrun [fossil] ; coll. Herr G. Schwartz von Molirenstern. Tlie callosity of the outer lip and the twist of the columella are much more developed than in the preceding species ; it is, however, most closely alHed and perhaps scai'cely specifically separable ! 3. Rissoina woodmasoniana, n. sp. 1 Andamans [type] ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. A srno'le livino- specimen of this remarkable new fonn was dredged° by Mr. Wood-Mason, if I remember rightly, in deep water. Nine whorls, cylindrical and "needle-like," the apical three smooth and colourless, the others longitudinally closely ribbed, ribs thick, flexuous and irregular ; of a uniform brown colour throughout ; columella straight, aperture contracted, subangulate at base, not notched, resembling that of species of Zippora. Long. 3, diam. f mil. RISSOIDiE. 75 4. Rissoina indica, n. sp. 1 Paumben Straits, South India [type]; coll. F. Armstrong, Esq. Another very beautiful, sHning, " Mangelia-like " form, dredged alive in 35 fathoms ; it is not unlike B. terehra, Garrett, PI. §5 fig. 11, of the Proc. Acad. Philad., and also resembles B. incerta, Souverbie ! It has eight perfectly "planulate " whorls, the apical one smooth, the others with perfectly perpendicular, regular, very massive ribs, otherwise smooth ; columella and interior of aperture stained brown, scarcely notched at base, outer margin white and remarkably thickened. Long. 5, diam. If mil. 5. Rissoina subdebilis. Rissoina subdebilis, Nevill ms., Weinlcauff, Co7ich.-Cah. TI,1SS1, pi. 15 B, Jiff 9) Maurititis. 20 Mauritius (type) ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. May possibly prove to be a large, cylindrical, subangulate variety of B. dehilis, Garrett, P. Acad. Philad. 1873, pi. 2, fig. 9. Long. 6, diam. 2| mil. var. perlanceolata [? dist. sp.] 1 Mauritius (type var.) ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. A well-marked form with ten whorls. 6. Rissoina, n. sp. 5 Kesm (Persian G.) ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. Somewhat resembles the fossil B, grateloujjiy Orbigny. Long. 3|, diam. IJ mil. ? var. [? dist. sp.] 1 Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Long. 4, diam. If mil. ? var. [? dist. sp.] 2 New Caledonia; exc. P. Bouvier, Esq. 76 RiSSOIDiE. 7. Rissoina micans. Rissolna micans, A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1851, Mindanao ; Schwartz, jig. 8 (typical spec), long. 4:7, diam. 1'7 mil. 100 Tumb I., Kesm and Mutef (Persian G.) ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. var. perstriatula, nov. 1 Tumb I. ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 8. Rissoina, n. sp. 1 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Near the fossil U. basteroti. 9. Rissoina elegans. Eissoa elegans, d'Orligny, Conch, foss. 1S38, Dax. var. [? dist. sp.] 1 Steinabrunn (fossil) ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Molirenstern. 10. Rissoina variegata. Eissoina variegata, A. Adams and Angas, P. Zool. S. 1867, Port JacTcson. 2 Australia ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka, 11. Rissoina bruguierei. Rissoa bruguierei, Pagrandeau, Cat. Moll. Corse, 18 i6. 30 Algiers, Rhodes, &c ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. &c. 12. Rissoina monllis. Rissoina monilis, A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1851, PMUppines. This species is recorded by von Martens from Mauritius, but I have not been able to identify it with any of the species I have met with. Schwartz von Mohrenstern gives the measure- ments of a typical specimen as — long. 4*9, diam. 3 mil. RISSOIDJl. 77 13. Rissoina nevilliana. Rissoina nevilliana, WeinJcauff, Conch. -Cal. II, 1881, pi. 15 D,fig. 2, Kowloon; Nevill, J.A.S. B., 1881, long. 13h diam. 4h mil. 1 Kowloon, opposite Hongkong [type] ; coll. E. Hungerf ord, Esq. Section B. — Rissolina^ Gould. p. Bost. S. 1881, type M. pUcatula, Gld. ; Group I, Section B., Schwartz I. c, page 38. 14. Rissoina minuta. Rissoina minuta, G. Nevill, J. A. S. B., 1874, Andamans, long. 2k, diam. 1 mil. 2 Andamans [type] ; coll. G. Nevill Esq. 15. Rissoina funiculata. Rissoina funiculata, Souverhie, Journ, Conch. XIV, 1866, New Caledonia. 20 Ceylon and Andamans; coll. J. Wood-Mason, J. B.Baxter, and G. Nevill, Esqrs. 16. Rissoina weinkauffiana. Rissoina vi^einkauffiana, G. Nevill, J. A. S. B. 1881, Andamans, and Conch.- Cab. II, 1881, pi. 15 B.fig. 7. 14 Andamans [type]; coll, J. Wood-Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs. 17. Rissoina burdigalensis. Rissoina burdigalensis, d'Orhigny, Prod. [Ill, p. 30, 1852 Ifossil], Bordeaux; fide Schivartz, recent from Mauritius, 1 Steinabrunn [fossil] ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. 18. Rissoina subangulata. Rissoina subangulata, C. B. Adams, Contr. Conch, 1860, p. 112, Jamaica. 8 W. Indies ; ex c. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. 19. Rissoina n. sp. Anfr. 6 ; loBg. 2^ mil. 1 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 78 RISSOID^. 20. Rissoina plicata. Rissoina plicata, A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1851, 1. Mashate ; Schwartz, I. c.fig. 21 [typical specl, long. 5'6, diam.2'5 mil.; var. = R. scalariana, A. Ad. and R. hertheloti, Audouin. 50 Andamans, Arakan, Kharg, Mauritius, Bourbon, Seychelles ; coll. W. T. Blanford and G. Nevill, Esqrs. 10 Ceylon; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [6,2f— apex perfect]. These Ceylon specimens approximate very closely to var. B. hertheloti. 1 Viti-Levu j ex Mus. Godeffroy [as " R.firmata, C. B. Ad."] A true, typical B. plicata, and not in the least like the W. Indian B. firmata. 2 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. subvar. diplostoma. 1 Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 21. Rissoina scalariana. Rissoina scalariana, A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1861, Philippines ; fide Schwartz, long. 8kt diam. 8\ mil. 1 Roweiah [Red Sea] ; coll. J. B. Baxter Esq. 4 Mauritius, and Kharg [Persian G.]; coll. W. T. Blanford and G. Nevill, Esqrs. Possibly better classed as a variety of B. plicata. 22. Rissoina bertheloti. Rissoina bertheloti, Audouin, Descr. de VEgypte, 1826, pi. IV, fig. 2. Long. 8|, diam. 3| mil. 1 Kesm ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 20 Roweiah and Aden j coll. J. B. Baxter and G. Nevill, Esqrs. subvar. minor. Long. 5, diam. 2,-}^ mil. 3 Roweiah, Red Sea ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. RiSSOIDiF). 79 23. Rissoina canaliculata. Rissoina canaliculata, Schwartz, K. Ak. Wissens. Wien, XIX, 1860, Philip- pines, long. 10'6, diam. 4.1 mil. 1 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. 30 Ceylon; coll, J. B. Baxter and G. Nevill, Esqrs. [10|, M ]. A crow carried off a tube full of ray best Ceylon specimens ! 3 Andanians; coll. Caot. R. C. Temple and Colonel Berkely [11, 4|]. 8 Katal; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [7^, 2fJ. A very pretty lanceolate form from Natal, with acute apex, and more turriculate, that is with less convex whorls, than in the Ceylon one, and in this exactly resembling the typical figure. subvar. minor [? dist. sp.] 1 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. In such bad condition that it is impossible to be sure of the absence of spiral striation, 24. Rissoina monilifera, n. sp. Long. 8, diam. 3 mil. A very handsome and distinct species, reseinbling the fossil B. lamellosa, Desmoulins, Schwartz, PI. II, fig. 14, from Dax. 1 Japan; ex Mr. Damon (coll. A. Adams; labelled " E. moniUJera"). 25. Rissoina plicatula. Rissoina plicatula, Gould, P. Bost. S. VII, 1861 (Fehr.), Bonin and Loo Choo I. — long. 6, diam. 2 mil. A more convexly rounded sp. than B. joUcata, with more numerous and less perpendicular ribbing. 31 Roweiah, Aden, and Annesley Bay ; coll. J. B. Baxter, and W. T. Blanford, Esqrs. [4|, 2]. 8 Ceylon; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [6 to 7, 2i to 3]. Though in poor condition the interstitional, spiral striation is distinctly traceable, under a lens. 80 RISSOIDJ^. 1 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 12 Kesm [Persian G.] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. Long. 6 J, diam. 2 f . var. ? [dist. sp. ?] 12 Bombay, Tunib I. and Gwadar ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [61, 2f]. I can see no trace of spiral striation, but the specimens are all in most wretclied condition. They may be a var. of i?. hertJwleti, bnt the ribs are irregular- ly flexous instead of regularly perpendicular, and a little more numerous ; it is also a more attenuate shell. 26. Rissoina turricula. Rissoina turricula. Pease, P. Zool. S., 1860, Sandwich I. 1 Sandwich Isl. [typical] ; coll. W. Pease, Esq. [3i, IJ]. 2 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 1 Roweiah, Red Seaj coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. var. cernica, Nevill. Long. 2J, diam. 1 mil. 10 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. var. ceylonica, Nevill. 2 Galle [type var.] ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. Long. 3, diam. 1 mil. Whorls 6J, two apical ones smooth, the others somewhat convexly turriculate,with flexuous, rather distant, well-developed, longitudinal ribs, the last of all with a basal, subgranulose, transverse keel, with two transverse, fine, but distinct, striae above it ; basal emargination of aperture well marked; peristome callously thickened ; throughout, almost microscopically, trans- versely striate. rissoidj:. 81 27. Rissoina obeliscus. Rissolna obeliscus, Eecluz ms., long. 2, diam. 5i, ScMvartz, K. Ac. Wissens. Wien, XIX, 1860, fig. 15, Mauritius, long. 4, 5, diam. 2 mil. — also from Sydney, I. c. ; = E. schtvartziana, DTcr., Cat. M. O. IF, 1869, Upolu. 18 Andamans, Arakan, Ceylon, Mauritius, Annesley Bay; coll. W. T. Blanford, J. Wood-Mason, and G. Nevill, Esqrs, 2 Upolu; ex Mus. Godeffroy. subvar. nana. 2 Galle ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. 28. Rissoina subfunieulata. Rissoina subfuniculata, (?. i\reyz7?, Weinkaiiff, ConcJi.-Cah.II, ISSl, Persian Oulft (Si'c., PI. 15By fig. 8 — long. 4, diam. 1\ mil. 20 Kesm, Gwadar [type] and Tumb I. ,- coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 1 Andamans ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Long. 4J, diam. If mil. var. fortis. 3 Andamans [type var.] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Long. 5, diam. 2 mil. var. validicostata [? dist. sp.] 1 Sinfjapore [type var.] ; coll, G. Nevill, Esq. 3 Arakan ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. Long. 3, diam. 1| mil. 29. Rissoina, n. sp. 1 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 30. Rissoina, n. sp. 4 Kesm, Persian Gulf j coll. VV. T. Blanford, Esq. 82 RISSOID^. Section C. — Schtvartziella^ NevilL Schvartz, I. c, page 3S, type H. Iryerea, Montagu, as Group 11, section B, 81. Eissoina chesneli. Rissoina chesneli, Michaud, Descr. esp. nouv., 1832, W. Indies ; fide Schwartz, long. 3. 6, diam. 1' 4 mil. — W. Indies and Mauritius. 2 W. Indies j ex c. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. 32. Eissoina baxteriana. Rissoina baxteriana, G. Nevill, J. A. S. B., 18S1, Boweiah and Conch.- Cah. 11, 1881, pi. . fig. 4> Roweiab, Red Sea [type] ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. [3, li]. 33. Eissoina bryerea. Turbo bryereus, Montagu, Test. Brit. 1803; fide Schivartz, from Cuba and Mauritius. 20 W. Indies ; ex c. J. Wood-Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs. 34. Eissoina pseudo-bryerea. Rissoina pseudo-bryerea, G. Nevill, J. A. S. B,, 1881, Roweiah ; ? R. hrgerea, Schwartz, fig. 36 A. from Mauritius. 2 Roweiah, Red Sea (type) ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. Anfr. 6^, long, b^, diam. 2^ mil. — More turriculate, with last wliorl more contracted than in the above quoted fig. ; the ribs broader, more perpendicular, aperture smaller. Quite distinct from the W. Indian species. 35. Eissoina tritieea. Rissoina tritieea, Pease, P. Zool. 8. 1860, South Sea Islands ; = B. scalari- formis, Auct. \_not of C. B. Adams'] ; = B. orientalis, Nevill, J. A^ S. B., 18S1, Ceylon [type]; vars. ? = B. exigua. Bunker, Cat. Mus. Godeff. IV and Conch.- Cab. 11, pi. loC, fig. 3, Upolu ; var.? = R. rissoi, Audouin, Expl. Savigny, Desc. de VJEgypte, 1826. 56 Mauritius, Bourbon, Ceylon, and Andamansj coll. J. Wood-Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs. 108 Roweiah, Annesley Bay, and Aden ; coll. W. T. Blanford and J. B, Baxter, Esqrs. RISSOIDiE. 83 Probably priority will have to be given to M. Audouin's name. var. microstoma [an R. microstoma, sp. uov. ?] Long. 4|^, diam. 2 mil. 1 Oman [Persian G.] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 36. Rissoina scalariformis. Rissoina scalariformis, C. B. Adams, Cat. Panama Shells, 1852, long.' 3'3 lat. 1'27 ; Jide Schwartz, Panama and Mauritius, also probably smaller var. lied Sea. var ? 4 W. Indies ? j ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. [3, 1^]. 37. Rissoina mainwaringiana, n. sp. 10 Persian Gulf [type] ; ex c. Colonel G. B. Mainwariiig. 38. Rissoina, n. sp. Long. 3, diam. 1 J mil. This cannot be any of Gould's spe- cies ; it resembles the W. Indian B. firmata, C. B. Adams. 1 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungevford, Esq. (" very rare "). Section D. — Phosinella, Morch. Mai. Plat. XXni, 1876, type E. pulchra, C. B. Ad. ; = Group IV, Schioartz, I. c, page 39. There is a B. baUeata, Pease, from Hawaii, long. 4, diam. IJ mil. — perhaps = JS. exasperata, Souverbie ? 39. Rissoin cancellata. Risssoina cancellata, Philippi, Zeits. 1847, p. 127, CuhaSh var, pulchra. Rissoina pulchra, C. B. Adams, Contr. Conch, p. 114, Jamaica ; fide Morch, a distinct species. 4 W. Indies ; ex c. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. b4> EISSOID^. 40. Kissoina media. Rissoina media, Schioarfz von Mohrenstern, Denies. K. Ale. Wissens. Wien, XIX, 1860, Ceylon and Java, also Nicohars — long, 4-7, diam, 2 mil. 100 Ceylon [4f,2 mil.l, Arakan, Andamans, and Aden; coll. Dr. Sto- liczka, J. Wood-Mason and Gr. Nevill, Esqrs. 20 Mauritius J coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 1 Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq, [3|, U]. 41. Rissoina, n. sp. Long. 4 J, diam. IJ mil. 3 Tumb I. [Persian G.] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 42. Rissoina samcensis, Rissoina samoensis, DunJcer, Cat. Mus. Oodpffroy, 1874, Upolu ; and Conch,. Cab. II, pi. 15c, Jiff, 1—long. 4, diam, Ik. mil, 1 Upolu [typical] ; ex Mus. GodefProy. 43. Rissoina exasperata. Rissoina exasperat a, Souverhie, J. de C, XIV, 1866, N. Caledonia, anfr. 8 to 9— long. 3k to 4k, d. H to ll mil. 1 South Sea Islands ; ex Mus. Godeffroy. 1 Singapore ; coll. Dr. Stoliczka. 12 Mauritius ; coll. J. B. Baxter and G. Nevill, Esqrs. [4, IJ]. 1 Arakan; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 5 N. Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. 44. Rissoina seguenziana. Rissoina seguenziana, Issel, Malac. Mar. Rosso, 1869, and Descr. de VEgypte, PI. IV, fig. 3, G. Suez — anfr. 9 to 10; long. 5, diam. if mil. 15 Kharg (4, If), Tunib I. and Bombay; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 32 Mauritius (5, 2), Aden, and Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 20 Koweiah (4^, If) ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. var. parvula, nov. Long. 3|, diam. IJ mil. 20 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. EISSOID^. 85 var. [? dist. sp.] 2 Roweiah, Ked Sea ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. var. [?] 1 Andamans; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 2 2«Iicobarsj coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 45. Rissoina, n. sp. 30 Tumb I., Gwadar, &c. (42 fths.) ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 46. Rissoina strigillata [?]. Rissoina strigillata, Gould, P. Bost. S. 1861, Loo Choo L, axis 5, diam. 2 20 mil.; Conch.- Cad. [I, pi. 15 B,fig. 4, Hong-Kong, 3 Hong-Kong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. [4, If J. ** Under stones, at very low water." 47. Rissoina, n.sp. Long. 2}, diam. f mil. 20 Mauritius and Andamans ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq, 48. Rissoina, n. sp. Long. 3-3", diam. li mil. 2 Penang and Andamans ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 1 Andamans ; coll. Captain K. C. Temple. Appears to be a new species near R. eMcs^Jerata., Sou v. 49. Rissoina deshayesi. Rissoina deshayesi, Schwartz von Mohrenstern, Denies. K. Ale. Wishhwi. Wien, XlX, 1860, Mindanao, long. 9'4, diam, 3'3 mil. var. minor. 1 Andamans ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. [6^, 2|]. 1 Cebu ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. [6^ 3|]." 86 RISSOIDiE. The figured type seems to me that of a not quite adalt spe- cimen. 50. Rissoina hunger f or di ana. Eissoina hungerfordiaiia, Nevill, WeinJcauff, Conch.- Cab. II, 1881, pL 15 A, Jig. 9, Song-Kong ; long. 5\, diam. 2 mil. 1 Hong-Kong [type] ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 51. Rissoina, n. sp. 1 Gwadar ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 52. Rissoina, n. sp. 4 Kesh [Persian Gulf] -, coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 53. Rissoina erythrsea. Rissoina erythrsea, PMlippi, Zeits. Mai. 1851, p. 93, Aden, long. 33, diam. 1-2 mil. ; fide iSchwurtz, fi om lied Sea, Steward's I., Sandioivh I. and Mauri- tius ; fide Mus. Godef. Cat. V= JB. cerilhiiformia, Dkr. 60 Nicobars, Mauritius [4i \\\ Andamans [3i, 1^], Annesley Bay, Roweiah, and Ceylon ; coll. W. T. Blanford, G. Nevill, J. Woud- Mason, and J. B. Baxter, Ksqrs. 3 Upolu; ex c. Mus. Godeffroy. 54. Rissoina blanfordiana. Rissoina blanfordiana, O. Nevill, J. A. 8. B. Sept. 1881, pi. VI, fig. 16, Zoulla ; h'Tig. 91, diam. 3^ m. ;=^R. Jickelii, Weinkaiiff^ ConcJi.-Cab. II, Dec. 1881, 3Iassaua. 1 Zoulla, Red Sea [type M. blanfordiana] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 1 Massaua [typical E. jickelii] ; ex c. Dr. H. C. Weinkauff. Bissolnajid-elii is the more perfect and adult form of the somewhat " depauperate" specimen from which I described li. llavfordlana. Pearl-like nodules on the points of intersection. 55. Rissoina clathrata. Bissoina clathrata, A. Adams, F. Zuol. iS.18dl, Bohol ; fide Sclnoarlz, lony. 12, diam. 4 5 mil., also from Australia ; Suez fide JIcAndreiv. RiSSOlDiE. 87 40 Aden [11|, 4|], Singapore [decollate, of 5 whorls— 10, 4^] ; Andauians [not decollate, 9 whorls— 9|, 3^], Penang [Oi, 4], Kesm, Gwndar, and Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, F. ijtoliczka, J. Wood- Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs. 56. Rissoina, n. sp. 1 Andamans; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Near li. nodicincta, A. Adams. — Anfr. 6 to 7. — Long. 6, diam. 2J mil. Section E. — Zep.inella, Mdrch. Mai. Blat. XXIII, 1876, type R. decussata, Mtg. ; == Group III, Schioartz, I. c, page 89. 57. Rissoina decussata. Montagu, Test. Brit. 1S03, p. 399 ; fide Schwartz -long. 7'3, diam. 3 mil. ; = E. (data, Menke, Syn. 1S30, Rah. ? 12 W. Indies ; ex c. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. var. emaciata. 8 Steinabrunn [fossil] ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrensteru [7|, 3 J. 58. Rissoina obsoleta. Melania obsoleta, Partsch, ms.. Homes, Verz. Foss. Terf. JTien, 184S. 1 Steinabrunn [fossil] ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. 59. Rissoina adamsiana. Rissoina iid'Mnsiii\m,Weinkatiff', Conch.- Cab. II., 18Sl,pl.l5 A, fig. 4, Japan. 2 Japan [type] ; ex Mr. R. Damon. From tlie collection of the late A. Adams, Esq., and labelled " B. strigillata, A. Adams ; " it cannot be Gould's species of tbat name. 60. Rissoina evanida. Rissoina evanida, G. Nevill, Jour. Aniat. 8oc, Bengal, 1874, Andamans, long. 2\, diam. 1 mil. 3 Andamans [type]; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 88 RISSOID^. 61. Rissoina mohrensterni. Elssoina mohrensterni, Deshayes, Moll. Beunionf 1863, long. 4, diam, 2 mil.; z=R. schmeltziana, DJcr.Jrom Upolu. 20 Mauritius, Aden, Andamans, and Seychelles; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 2 Upolu; ex Mus. Godeffroy [as R. schmeltziana, Dkr.] Very variable in size, long. .5|, diam. 2| mil. — another 4|, 2 — a third 3}, 1 J, all from Mauritius ! Can this be the B. teviuUtriata of Pease from Pauraotu ;— long. 9, diam. 4 mil ? I should sup- pose this can scarcely be the case. 62. Rissoina andamanica. Rissoina andamanica, Ti' einTcauff, Conch.-Cab. II, 1881, pi, 15 B, fig. 6> Andamans — long. 8, diam. 3\ mil. 10 Andamans [type] ; coll. J. Wood-Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs. Long. 7, diam. 3 mil. — another 5|, 2| mil. 63. Rissoina concinna. Rissoina concinna, A. Adams, P. Zool. B, 1851, Fhilippines, long. 5-3, diam. 2 mil. Prof, von Martens has recorded the species from ^Mauritius. I have not been able to identify it with any of the Museum specimens. Section F. — Mcerchiella, Nevill. Type R. gigautea, Desk. ; = Group V, Schwartz, I. c. This is the Group V of Schwartz, 1. c, page 39. 64. Rissoina gig ante a. Rissoa gigantea, Deahayes, Traite elem. Conch., 1848, fig. 18, 20 [sine descrj] ; = S. cumingi, H. and A. Adams, Gen. I, 1854, Ticao, 1 Andamans ; coll. Major Rogers [24^, 10^, slightly decollate]. RISSOID^. 89 65. Rissoina striata. Rissoa striata, Quoy, Voy. Aslrol. 1836, VaniJcoro ;= B. graotdis, Philippi, Zeits.MaL 1847, Philippines, long. 9^,diam. 4;= JR. coelata, A. Adams, F. Zoot. S., 1851, Siquijor. 7 Andamans; coll. Capt. R. C. Temple and J. Wood-Mason, Esq. 1 Philippines ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. 66. Rissoina antoni. Rissoina antoni, Schwartz von Mohremtern, Denies. K. Ale. Wisaens. Whn, JCIX, 1860, Java, long. 7'S, diam. 3 mil. and smaller, more slender var. also from Java, page 99, var. pusilla, nov. Long. 5, diam. 2y^y. 1 Locality ? ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. 67. Rissoina lamberti. Rissoina lamberti, Souverhie, J. de C. 1870, N. Caledonia, long. 11, diam. 4, another 9, 3~ mil.; ? = var. of R. spirata, Sow. 2 Ceylon; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [8, 3^]. Herr Scliwartz considered these specimens, whlcli are in bad condition, as a vai^ety of his E. wntotd. 1 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. Unfortunately in bad condition ; it may prove a var. of li, orblgnyaria. 68. Rissoina insignis. Rissoina insignis, A. Adams and Reeve, Voy. Samarang, 1850, China; Schwartz, I. c, long. 9, diam. 4'5 mil. var. turrita. Rissoina tnrrita, Garrett, F. Ac, Fhilad. 1873, pi. II, f. 12, Society J.— long. 7 mil. 90 RISSOIDiE. 2 Mauritius J coll. G. Nevill, Esq., and Surgeon-Major Power [8|, 1 Eoweiah [Red Sea] ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. [9^-. 5|] : operculum, thin and horny-brown. This variety i^rincipally differs from Schwartz's figure in tlie absence on the antepenultimate whorl of the longitudinal fur- rows ; the characteristic denticulations within the outer lip are well marked in the Mauritian specimens, they are unaccount- ably wanting in Garrett's magnified figure, though " crenula- tions within the peristome " are duly recorded in his description ! The Red Sea form is considerably stouter and broader than any of the other known ones, as can be seen from the above recorded measurements. 69. Rissoina japonica. Eissoina ]'aponica, TFeew^flM^, Conch.- Cab. II, 1881, pi. 15 A., fig. 1, Japan, long. 3^, diam. 1\ mil. 3 Japan [type] ; ex Mr. R. Damon. Long. 3, diam. \-^ mil. ; from the collection of the late A. Adams, Esq., and labelled " B. jjulchella, A. Adams." 70. Rissoina montrouzieri. Rissoina montrouzieri, Souverbie, J. de C, 1862, N. Caledonia, long. 15^ diam. 4%, au/r. ll.; = B. supracostala, Garrett, F. Ac. Phil., 1872, pi. 2, fig. 1, Viti, long. 10 mil.; ? = R. striolata, A. Adams, var. 4 N. Caledonia; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. 5 Andainans [15f, 5]; coll. J. Wood-Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs. Very close to R. striolata, A. Ad., Philippines, apparently only specifically separable by the constantly, markedly more developed sculpture of the upper whorls. The longitudinal ribs are in this form absent from the last four whorls, as in the type. Several of the Andaman specimens show the characteristic and peculiar dark "coating" so accurately described by Souverbie as "un enduit noir epais, analogue a celui quirecouvre certaines Melanies ; " this is especially the case with var. suhstriolata. subvar. monstrosa, nov. R. deforniis, Sow. Junr. in Reeve, fig. 63, not E, deformis, Soio. Senr. in Genera of l^hells, and Schwartz. RISSOID^. 91 ^ Very remarkable in having the appearance as if two por- tions of quite different specimens were artificially joined together! One specimen has the nine upper whorls typical, with the last unnaturally tumid and slightly out of the axis of the shell. The other, agreeing exactly with above quoted figure, has the eight upper and last whorls regular, with the ante- penultimate strongly inclined to the left, altogether out of the proper axis. The longitudinal ribs are absent from the last four whorls. 2 Audanmns [16|, 5^ ; diam. anfr. penult. 3 ^] ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. var. substriolata, nov. The last three whorls are without longitudinal ribs. 4 Andamans [13^:, 4^ ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka, &c. 1 Nicobars; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. var. convexior, nov. More convex ; aperture more everted ; spiral sculpture slightly more distinct; longitudinal ribbing on all but the last two whorls. 4 Andamans [15f, 5|] ; coll. J. Wood-Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs. 71. Rissoina striolata. Rissoina striolata, A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1S52, Philippines ; fide Scktvartz tony. 9, diam. 3 mil., aiifr. 11. 5 Ceylon [9|, 3»-], Mauritius, and Andamans; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. var. artensis. Ilissoina artensis, Moutrouzier, J. de. C, XX, N. Caledonia long. ,S\}, diam. 2\ mil., anfr. 10. 3 New Caledonia ; ex c P. Bouvier, Esq. Scarcely separable even as a variety. 72. Hissoina spirata. llijjsoa spirata, Sowerhy, Gen. of Shells, 1824, pi. 208, fig. 2 ; fide Schw. tony. WS, diam. 3-3 mil., from I. Rawak, Red Sea, and Fhil/pjnnes ; Sues, fide M' Andrew; var.? = R. lamberti, Souverhie, N, Caledonia. 92 mssoiD^. 3 Kowelali and Aden [10, 4] ; coll. J. B. Baxter and G. Ncvill, Esqrs. var. 1 Aden rS*-, 3|] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 73. Rissoina orbignyi. Rissoina orbignyi, A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1851, Luzon ; fide Schiv. long. 16'7, diam. 5 mil., as jB. d' Orbignyi, var. subspirata, nov. Long. 13^, diam. 5^^ mil. Turriculate, like U. sinraia, but aperture everted and canaliculate at columellar base, as in true It. orhlgnyi. 4 Aden ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. var. pachylabris, nov. Anfr. 8 to 9 ; long. 11}, diam. 4yV mil., last whorl obsoletely spirally striate, last but one coarsely so, the others cancellated as in the normal form ; a very broad callosity behind the thickened peristome ; aperture everted. 2 Annesley Bay [type var.] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. var. submarginata, nov. (? dist. sp.) Acuminate, pointed, subturriculate ; nine vt^horls slightly con- vex, the embryonal two smooth, rounded, mammillate, the next four closely and evenly reticulate, almost granulose, the last three somewhat distantly spirally striate, with a narrow groove just below the suture, the last one relatively very short, with spiral striation less distinct; aperture everted, columella short, abruptly bent back, behuid the peristome a broad callosity. Long. 8j, diam. 3 mil. 1 Andanians [type var.] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 74. Rissoina percrassa. Rissoina percrassa, Nevill, Jour, Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1874, pL 1, fig. 13, Mauritius, long. 8, diam. 3 mil. RISS0IDJ3. 93 1 Maurifcms [type] ; coll. G, Nevill, Esq. One of the most remarkable species of tlie Genus. Section G. — Zebina, H. and A. Ada?ns» Gen. Moll. I, p. 328, 1855, type E. coronata, Secluz ; = Group VI, Schtvartz, I. c, pa^e 39. 75. Rissoina tridentata. Eissoa tridentata, Michaud, Descr. Coq. nouv, 1832 ; fide Schwartz, long. 8, diam. 4 mil., from Med Sea, Philippines, Mauritius and Sandwich I.; Suez, fide M' Andrew ; fide Fease = R. crassilahrum, Garrett, 1857 ; from Tahiti, fide Grceffe. 2 N. Caledonia; ex. c. P. Bouvier, Esq. 1 Koweiah, Ked Sea ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. 12 Mauritius [9-jL, 5], Andanians and Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 4 Sandwich Islands; coll. H. Pease, Esq. [65, 85]. 76. Rissoina coronata. Rissoina coronata, Secluz, ms., Schtvartz, Denies. K, Ak. Wissen. Wien, XlX, 1860, Mauritius, long. 53, diam. 2'3 mil. ,-? = £. bidentata, Phil., and var. from lJpolu,fide Schmeliz, I. c. V. 1 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. It. affinis, Garrett, P. Ac. Phil. 1873, Viti Is., long. 5 mil,, must be close to this species ? 77. Rissoina bidentata. Bissoa bidentata, Phillipi, Wiegm. Arch. 1845, p. 64, Friendly Isl., long, f, diam. 1^ ; fide Schtvartz, long. 6'5, diam. 2'S mil., Mauritius and Friendly Islands. 3 Mauritius [5|, 2^] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Besides the dentition of the aperture, the differences in the shape of the spire, whorls, &c., easily and certainly distinguish it from E. tridtntata. 94 EISS0IDJ3. V8. Rissoina semiplicata. Rissoina semiplicata, Pease, P. Zool. S. 1862, HowJand Is., long. S~, dlam. 1\ mil., and Am. J. Conch. Ill, ^l. XXIV, Jig. 29 ; Conch.- Cab. II, pi. 15 A, Jig. 2. 1 Upolu ; ex Mus. Godeffroy [4, If]. 3 Paumotus ; coll. H. Pease, Esq. Possibly better classed as a var. of the preceding, the two denticulations within the aperture are quite distinct, though not recorded in Pease's descriptions. It can always be dis- tinguished by the markedly shorter spire, more tumid last whorl, less everted aperture and especially by the ribs on the penultimate whorl; the above will also distinguish it from E, coronata, Reel., possibly a mere var. of B. bidentata. 79. Rissoina moravica. Eissoina moravica. Homes, Foss. Moll. Tert, Wien, 1856. 1 Steiuabrunn ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. 80. Rissoina peasiana. Rissoina peasiana, G. Nevill, Weinkauff", Conch.-Cah. II, 1881, pi, 15 A Jig. 6, Earotonga. A fine species of ten whorls, quite distinct from B. tridentata \_=curta], the whorls are scarcely convex, the last five whorls smooth, the three preceding coarsely ribbed ; no teeth within the aperture, a small dentiform thickening on the parietal mar- gin, near the outer lip ; some resemblance to B. macrostoma, I)esh. [fossil]. Long, 12, diam. 5 mil. [the two apical whorls wanting]. 1 Rarotonga [type] ; ex Mus. Godeffroy [as " R. ? curta. Sow."] 81. Rissoina subulina. Rissoina subulina, Weinlcauff, Conch.-Cah. II, 1881, pi. 15 A, Jig. 8, Japan — long. 3zi diam. 1\ mil. 2 Japan [type] ; ex Mr. R. Damon ["coll. A. Adams"]. RISSOID^. 95 82. Rissoina eulimoides. Rissoina eulimoides, A. Adams, P. Zool, S. 1851, Philippines ; fide Schio. long. 6, diam. 2 6 mil. 1 Andamans; coll. Capt. R. C. Temple. 1 Upolu; ex Mus. Godeffroy, 5 Ceylon [6i, 3] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. I can perceive no trace of sculpture on the two upper whorls in any of these, even with the lens, as is recorded by Herr Schwartz, neither is there any mention of such sculpture in the original description. 1 New Caledonia ; ex c. J. Caldwell, Esq. 83. Rissoina stoppanii. Rissoina stoppanii, Issel, Malac. Mar Rosso, 1869, long. 2\, diam. 1 mil. suhfossil ; = R. oryza, Garrett, P. Ac. Philad. 1873, Viti Isl., long. 2 mil. 20 Mauritius, Aden [2^, 1], Annesley Bsiy, Klioras Sliem, and Tumb Island [Persian (iulfj ; coll. W. T. Blauford and G. Nevill, Esqrs. 84. Rissoina sublsevigata. Rissoina sublsevigata, O. Nevill, J. A. S. B. 1881, Andamans, long. .3\, diam. 1\ mil., and WeinJcauff, Conch.-Cah. II, 1881, pi. 15C,fig. 7. 6 Andamans [type] j coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Section H. — Pyramidelloides, nov. Type 2?. Miranda, A. Adams. 85. Rissoina insolita. Rissoina insolita, Deshayes, Cat. Moll, Reunion, 1863 — long. 3, diam. 1 mil. 6 Mauritius, Bourbon [3^, IJ], Ceylon, and Andamans j coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 96 mssoiDjj. 15 Arakan and Bombay [3, l^^j] ; coll. Eev. S. B. Fairbank and W. T. Blanford, Esq. The spire is often a trifle inclined to the right, and out of the axis. 6 Persian Gulf j ex c. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring. subvar. deformis, nov. Spire notably bent away from the axis, somewhat forward and to the left, as in many of the JEiolhiidoe. 1 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. var major, nov. 3 Maui'itius [4i, If] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. var. depauperata, nov. 4 Mauritius [2J, vix. 1) ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 1 Singapore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 86, Rissoina miranda. Ris^oina miranda, A. Adams, Ann, Mag. VIII, 1861, Mino-Sima, 63F. ; ? = B. insolita, Desk. I can detect no marked difference in this form from the pre- ceding, except that the nodules are less rounded or pearl- like. 2 Hong-Kong ; coll. B. Hungerford, Esq. 2 Japan [typical] j ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams.] Long 3, diam. 1 mil. 87. Rissoina bellardii. Rissoina bellardii, Issel, Mai. Mar Rosso, 1869— long. 2\, diam, % mil.— subfossil ; ? R. insolita, Desh., var. Perhaps only a variety of the preceding, distinguished by shorter and more convex spire, more tumid last whorl, &c. 1 Jashk, Persian Gulf [If, f ] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 4 Persian Gulf ; ex c. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring. var.? 1 Annesley Bay, Red Sea [2, ^] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. RissoiDJi:. 97 Sub-Genus IBAVADIA, Blanford. J. Asiat. Soc, Bengal, 1867, p. 56, type I. ornata, Blf. ; fide Stoltczka, belongs to suh-fam. Rissoince [anim. ign.']. 88. Rissoina [Iravadia] ornata. Iravadia ornata, W. T. Blanford, J, Asiat. Soc, Bengal, 1867, Irawady Delta. 30 Pt. Cannino^ and Irawady Delta [typical] ; coll. W. T. Blanford and J. Wood-Mason, Esqrs. 89. Rissoina [Iravadia] trochlearis. Kissoina trochlearis, Gould, P. Bost. S. 1861, China Seas — axis 16, diam. '073 poll. ; =R. annulata, Dunker, Japan. 1 Japan ; ex c. Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams ; labelled " Onoba cinguli- fera, A. Ad.»] 12 Hon^-Kone, under stones at extreme low water ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. [4, 2]. 40 Ceylon, Aden, Bombay, Andamans, Singapore, and Arracan j coll. F. Stoliczka and G. Nevill, Esqrs. var. minor. [? dist. sp.] Conch.- Cab. II, pi. 15 B,fig. 2, Shell like tliat of a miniature i?. ornata, covered with a thin epidermis. Thick, solid, without the minute, decussating strisa of the preceding ; whorls six, the first two without sculpture, the next two with two very strong spiral keels, the fifth with three, the last of which is less developed than the other two, the last with six of these sulcations"" ; outer lip much thickened, fimbriated [as it were] by five of these projecting sulcae; margins of aperture without any basal notch or canal, joined by a callosity j columella nearly straight. Long. 3 J, diam. 1| mil. [Kesm], Long. 3|, diam. 1| mil. [Hong-Kong]. 98 RISSOlDiE. 60 Gwadar, Tavila and Kesra [Persian Gulf] ; coll. W. T. Blanfbrd, Esq. 4 Hong-Kong; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 20 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank. 1 Katbiawarj coll. F. Fedden, Esq. 90. Rissoina [Iravadia] n. sp. 2 Bombay; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank, [anfr. 7; long. l|m,] Sub-Genus I8SELIELLA, Nevill. Isselia, 0. Semper ms., SeJimeltz, Cat Mus. Godeffroy, V \_sine descj], type R.mirahiUs Dkr. [not Isselia, Boury. Descr. nouv. Genres, S(c.l877'\. DistinguisLed by the very distinct basal " canal " [or notch], twisted columella and sinistrally bent, pyramidella-like apex. Type Bissoina ? abnormis, Nevill. Perhaps Alvania hourguignati, Issel, belongs to this group ? A. Adams (ms.) and von Martens, in Mobius Reise Mauritius, &c., consider these forms as allied to— or part of — Lachesis. 0. Semper, ^£?e Schmeltz, placed them in the Familj Planaxidce. I feel convinced, and I believe Dr. Weinkauff is of the same opinion, that they belong to the Bissoidce and are closely allied to true Bissoina. 91. Rissoina [Isseliella] mirabilis. Rissoina mirabilis, DtmJcer, Cat. Mus. Godef. Ill, Samoa Islands. 3 Upolu ; ex Mus. Godeffroy. 92. Rissoina [Isseliella] pseudoconcinna, n. sp. Rissoina concinna, Soio. [as of A. Adams, ms.'\ in Con. Icon, 1879, pi. 1, Jiy. 9, Japan [not B. concinna, A. Ad. 1851]. 1 Japan, ex c. Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams; labelled Lachesis n. sp. !] 93. Rissoina [Isseliella] abnormis. Rissoina ? abnormis, G. Nevill, Jour. Asiat. Soc, Benyal, 1875, p. 100, pi. VIII, Jiy. 23, Mauritius — lony. 3, diam. 1^ wH. ; Lachesis sp. fide Martens, RISSOiDiE. 99 14 Mauritius [type], Ceylon, and J^eycliellcs; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 6 Andamans and Bombay ; coll. W. T. Blauford aud J. Wood- Mason, Esqrs. Genus FAIRBANKIA, W. T. Blanford. Ann. Mag. 1868 \_Dec.'}, tt/pe F. lomhayana, Blf. Belongs to the Family Bissoellidce, fide Martens, Zoological Record V, ; Stoliczka placed it in the sub- family Rissoinoe. 1. Fairbankia bombayana Fairbankia bombayana, W. T. Blanford, Ann. Mag., 1868— long. 7, diam. 3 Ivixl, Bombay and small var. 5, 2. 20 Bombay Harbour; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank and W. T. Blanford, Esq. var. depauperata, nov. 2 Bombay [4|, 2] ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank. 2. Fairbankia [?], n. sp. Spirally sculptured, thin epidermis — long. 4|, diam. 1/^j mil. 1 Ai-akan [type] ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 3. Fairbankia [?] feddeniana. Fairbankia ? feddeniana, Q. Hevill, Jour. As. Soc, Bengal, 1881, Kathiatoar, 1 Kathiawar [type] ; coll. F. Fedden, Esq, 1 Kura Salt Works, Kathiawar [10 feet bulow the surface] ; coll. F. Fedden, Esq. ? var. [? spec. juv.]. 4 Kura Salt Works; coll. F. Fedden, Esq, 100 RISSOID^. Genus FOLlNIA, Crosse, J. de C, 1867, type Uissoa insignis, FoUn,from Panama. Two species have since been described from Suez in the " Fonds de la Mer," but not figured ! I have never seen the Genus. Genus RISSOA, Freminvillef ms. Desmarest, Bull. Sci. Soc. Fhilom. 1814, type 2. violacea, Desm.; typejide Gray, P. Z. S. 1847, R. lahiosa \_ = memhranacea'] ; type fide Herrm. 1848, Turho cimex ; sect. = Mohrensternia, Stol., PalcBont. Ind. 1867, type It. angulaia, 'Eichw. ; sect. = Zippora, Leach, Syn. Moll. Gt. Brit. 1852, type B. auriscalpium, Lin. ; sect.= Rissostomia, Sars, Moll. Norveg. 1878, type B. memhranacea, J. Ad. [as Z. drummondi. Leach,'] 1. Bissoa sulzeriana. Alvania sulzeriana, Bisso, Sist. Nat. Mer. 1826. 3 Piedmont [fossil] ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. 2. Rissoa lachesis. Turbo lachesis, Basterot, Mem. Geol. Bord., 1825. 5 Steinabrunn [fossil] j coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. 3. Rissoa albella. Rissoa albella, Loven, Index Moll. Scand., 1846, Bohnsldu; var.=B. sarsii Lov., Bergen, fide Jeffreys. 6 *' Kattegat j " coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. 4. Rissoa decolorata. Rissoa decolorata, Phllippi, Mai. Zeits., 1846, Lesina — long. 3, diam. 1\. 3 Mediterranean ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. 5. Rissoa interrupta. Turbo interrupta, tT". ^(?am5, Trans. Lin. Soc. V, 1798 ; fide Jeffreys -^E, parva, var. RISSOID^. 101 30 England, &c ; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal, Dr. F. Stoliczka and G. Nevill, Esq. 6. Rissoa lilacina. Rissoa lilacina, Recluz, Eev. Zool. Cnv. 1843, for Turho violaceus, MuMfeld, 1824 [not R. violaceus, Desm. 1814] ; fide Jef. = R. violacea, Desm. 18 N. W. France ; coll. Miss Beaufort. 7. Rissoa lineolata. Rissoa lineolata, Michaud, Descr. Coq., 1832, Frovence. 4 Mediterranean ; ex c. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. 8. Rissoa membranacea. Turbo membranaceus, J", ^rfam^, Xiww. Trans. V, 1797 ; fide Jeffreys^ vars, minor, venusta, Phil, and elata, Phil. ; sect. Rissostomia. 2 Mediterranean ; ex c. Herr Scbwartz von Mohrenstern. 20 Weymouth ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [9|, 3f ]. var. labiosa. Helix labiosa, Montagu, Test. Brit., 1803. 18 N. W. France and Weymouth; coll. Miss Beaufort and G. Nevill, Esq. 9. Rissoa grossa. Rissoa grossa, Michaud, Desc. Coq., 1832, Provence; =R. membranacea, fide Jeffreys ; sect. Rissostomia. 9 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. 10. Rissoa violacea. Rissoa violacea, Besmarest, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1814 ; vars. ecostata and porifera, fide Jeffreys, also = R. guerini and lilacina, Reel, Sfc, 12 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. 6 Mediterranean : ex c. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. 102 RISSOID^. 11. Rissoa oblonga. Risson oblonga, Bfsmarest, Bull. Soc. PMlom., 1814; = R, memlranaeea, fide Jeffreys ; sect. Rissostomia. 8 Algiers ; coll, P. Joly, Esq. 4 Mediterranean ; ex c. Dr. F. Stolit-zka and Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. 3 Ajaccio ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 12. Rissoa monodonta. Rissoa monodonta, Bivona, ms., Phllippi, Emim. Moll. Sicil., 1836. 15 Algiers ; coll, P. Joly and G, Nevill, Esqi's. 30 Mediterranean ; ex c. Dr. F, Stoliczka and Herr Scliwartz von Mobrenstern. 13. Rissoa ventricosa. Rissoa ventricosa, Desmaresty Bull. Soc. PMlom., 1814 ; = R. memhranacea, fide Jeffreys, 50 Algiers, A jaccio, &c.; coll. G. Nevill, Esq., P. Joly, ' Esq,, and Herr Schwartz von Mobrenstern. 14. Rissoa radiata. Rissoa radiata, Philippi, Unum. Moll. Sicil. I. 1836. 30 Algiers j coll. P. Joly, Esq. var. Isevigata. 6 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. 15. Rissoa rufilabrum. Rissoa rufilabrum, Leach, ms., Alder, Ann. Mag. XIII, 1844, England ; fide Jeffreys =R. violacea, Desm. 4 Weymouth; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 16. Rissoa variabilis. Turbo variabilis, Milhlfeld, Berlin Verh. IV, 1824; Rissoa costata, Desm., Bull. PMlom. 1814, not Turbo costatus, Lin. [Alvania sp.'] 30 Mediterranean ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka and Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. RISSOIDJ<]. ]03 I have followed Hcrr Schwartz in not considering it desir- able to change the specific name to costata. 17. Eissoa subcostulata. Rissoa subcostulnta, Schwartz von Mohrenstern, Benin K. ATc. Wissens. Wien, XIX, 1860, for R. costulata, Alder, 1844, not of Risso 1826 [ = R. variabilis, Mhlf] 20 Weymouth, &c. ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. var. sublsevis. 28 Algiers, &c., Mediterranean ; coll. P. Joly, Esq,, and Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. Some of these were sent me by M. Joly as " var. Imvia.'" 18. Rissoa pulchella. Rissoa pulchella, PhiJippi, Enum. Moll. Sicil., 1836. 6 Mediterranean : coll, Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. 19. Rissoa similis. Eissoa similis, Scacchi, Catal. p. 14, 1836, Italy ; fide Jeffreys, small var. of li. costulata, Alder. 30 Mediterranean ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka and Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. 15 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. var. Isevis. R. similis var. IsDvis, Watson, P. Zool. S. 1873, Madeira; fide Monter. R. gemmula, Fischer, Fonds de la Mer, pi. XXIII, Gulf Gascony. 16 Algiers; coll. P. Joly, Esq. 20. Rissoa parva. Turbo parvus, Ba Costa, Brit. Conch. 1779 ; fide Jeffreys, vars. interrupta Ads. and exilis, also= Cingula alba, Fleming, Sfc 100 Mediterranean, N. W. France, England, and Biarritz ; coll. Miss Beau- fort, Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern, and G. Nevill, Esq. 104 RISSOIDiE. 21. Rissoa algeriana. Kissoa Algeriana, Monterosato, J. de C, 1877, Algiers, pi. Ill, fifj. 5, " eoU. Jolt/." 20 Algiers [typical] ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. var. rufula. R. Algeriana, var. rufula, Monterosato, I. c. 9 Algiers ; coll. Mons. Joly. 22. Rissoa pusilla. Rissoa pusilla, Fhilippi, JEnum. Moll. Sicil. 1836 ; fide Schwartz, B. dolium, Nyst, 1843. 10 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. 23. Eissoa desmaresti. Eissoa desmaresti, Audouin, Descr. de VEgxp'e,pl. Ill, fig. 21, 1826. The outline figure of type, natural size, measures about 3 mil. var. minima. 1 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. Long. 1 mil. 24. Rissoa auriscalpium. Turbo auriscalpium, Linnceus, Syst. Nat. Ed, XII, 1757 ; sect. Zippora, 30 Algiers, &c., Mediterranean ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mobrenstern, and P. Joly, F. Stoliczka, and G. Nevill, Esqrs. 25. Rissoa (?) rudis. Rissoa rudis, Fhillippi, JEnum. Moll. Sicil. I, 1836. 50 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. Not included in Bissoa [restricted] bj Schwartz, but con- sidered an Alvania ? RissoiDj;. 105 var. minor. 6 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. 26. Rissoa inconspicua. Rissoa inconspicua, Alder, Ann. Mag. Xllly 1844, Northumberland. 4 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. 27. Rissoa angulata. Rissoa angulata, Eichwald, Nat. SJciz. Lithauen. ISoO ; sect. Moliren' sternia. 1 Gaya [fossil] ; ex c. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. 28. Rissoa splendida. Rissoa splendida, JEichwald, Nat. Hist. 1, 1S30, p. 219, Black Sea. 4 Theodosia, Black Sea ; ex c. C. F. Ancey, Esq. 29. Rissoa (?) globulus. Rissoa globulus, Moller, Lid. 3Ioll. Groenl. 1842. 1 Greenland j ex " Linna3a." Looks to me more like a form of brackish- water Hydrohmice. Genus ALVAIS'IA, Bisso. Sist. Eur. Mend. IV, 1826, p. 140, type A. cimex, Lin. ^as Alv. europoea, Bisso'], type restr. Gray, P. Z. S. 1847 [as A. calathiscus'] ; sect. ^ Man- zonia, Brusina, Chieregh. Conch. 1870, type Turho zetlandicus, Mtg. [= Turhoella, Leach, ms.. Gray, P. Z. S. 1847^ ; sect. = Plagiostyla, P. Fischer, Fonds de la Mer, et Act. Soc. Lin. Bord. XXIX, 1869, type Bissoa lactea, Mich. 1. Alvania adelse. Rissoa adelse, d'Orbigny. 2 Steinabrunn [fossil] ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. 106 RISSOID^. 2. Alvania oooulinsi. Rissoa wioulinsi, d'Orhigny. 4 Steinabrunn [fossil] ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Molu'cnstern. 3. Alvania zetlandica. Turbo zetlaiKlicns, Montagu, Trans. Lin. Soc, XI, 1803, Gt. Britain $ sect. Manzonia. 5 Steinabrunn [fossil] ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. 4. Alvania brevis. Ris?oa brevis, Allioni. 5 Sienna [fossil] j coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. 5. Alvania mariae. Rissoa mariae, d*Orligny. 2 Steinabrunn [fossil] ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. ]VI. Joly considers this species to be found living at Algiers and not separable specifically from A. reticulata. 6. Alvania scalaris. Rissoa scalaris, Dubois. 3 Steinabrunn [fossil] ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. 7. Alvania venus. Rissoa venus, d'Crhigny. 4 Steinabrunn [fossil]; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. 8. Alvania cimex. Turbo cimex, Linneeus, Syst. Nat. X, 1758 ; fide Jeffreys = Turho calatMs- cus, Mtg. = Alv. europcea, mammillata, and freminvillea, Eisso, = E. can- ceilata, Desm. = R. granulata, Phil. 30 Algiers and Ajaccio ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 30 Loc. ?i ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka and G. Nevill, Esq. RISSOIDJI. 107 var. depauperata. Rissoa cimex, var. depauperata, Monterosato, J, de C, 1877, Algiers. 8 Algiers; coll. P, Joly, Esq. 9. Alvania cancellata. Turbo eaneellatus, DaCosta, Brit. Conch. 1778; =2. crenuJata, Mich. 1832. 6 Ajaccio and Algiers ; "Coll. G. Nevill and P. Joly, Esqrs. 14 England ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 10. Alvania cimicoides. Rissoa cimicoides, Forbes, Report Brit. Ass. for 1843, 2Egean Sea ; fide Jeff. var. minima, Pli/mouth. 2 England ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. 11. Alvania costata. Turbo costatus, J. Adams, Trans. Lin. Soc, III, 1800, England [not R. costata, Desm.'] ; fide Wein]cauff^= R. exigua, Mich. = R. carinata, Phil. ; sect. Manzonia. 16 Mediterranean ; ex c G. Nevill, Esq. [3, \\~\. 20 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. ? var. [? dist. sp.] 6 Loc. ? ; ex. c. Dr. F. Stoliczka [2, |]. 12. Alvania lactea. Rissoa lactea, Michaud, Descr. esp. Riss. 1832 ; = Turho cancellatus, Lam, [not Z)aC] ; sect. Plagiostyla, fide Fischer. 12 Meditei-ranean ; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. 3 N. France ; coll. Miss Beaufort. -^ 13. Alvania montagui. Rissoa montagui, Payrandeau, Cat. Moll. Corse, 1826. 50 Altriers, &c., Mediterranean : coll. P. Joly and G. Nevill, Esqrs., and Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern, 20 Loc. ? : ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 108 RISSOID^. var. lineata. Alvania lineata, Bisso, Hist. Moll Europ, Merid, 1826. 16 Algiers; coll. P. Joly, Esq. [as " E. lineata, Risso"]. 14. Alvania scabra. Eissoa scabra, JPhillippi, Unum. Moll. Sicil. 1836. 2 Palermo ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. 15. Alvania reticulata. . Turbo reticulatus, Montagu, Test. Brit. 1803 [not of Cpr. 1864] ; fide Jef. =R. beani, Hanley. 8 Algiers and Marseilles j coll. P. Joly, Esq. [as '* R. reticulata — var. calathus"]. 2 England; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. [labelled " B. beani, Hani"]. 3 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. [as " A. reticulata, var. marice. Orb."] , 16. Alvania striatula. Turbo striatulus, Montagu, Test. Brit., 1803 [not T. striatulus, Lin.]. 3 N. France and England ; coll. Miss Beaufort, and G. Nevill, Esqr. 17. Alvania sp. ? 4 Mediterranean; coll. Herr Schwartz von Mohrenstern. Can tliis be Ah. schivartziana of Brusina ? It was sent to the museum as "-4. subcrenulata, Schw." [ubi?]. 18. Alvania [??] mariella. Alvania mariella, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VIII, 2861, Tsu-sima, 26 ftJis. and Korea Strait, 46ftJis. 1 Japan [typical] ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams], Long. 2, diam. 1 mil. A beautiful form, agreeing exactly with the original description; the correct generic classification is very doubtful. 19. Alvania caBlata. Alvania cselata, A. Adams, Ann, Mag., VIII, 1861, Tsu-sima, 25fths. mssoiD^. 109 1 Japan [typical] ; ex Mr. R. Damon [coll. A. Adams]. Seems to be an immature specimen ; long. 2|, diam. 1§ mil. 20. Alvania badia [?]. Alvania badia, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VIII, 1861, Kalahai and Shan-tung. 1 Japan; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams]. 21. Alvania ferruginea. Alvania ferruginea, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VIII, 1861, Tesso, 7 fths. 2 Japan [typical] ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams]. Long. 3, diam. \\ mil. A true Alvania^ agreeing with the original description. 22. Alvania fenestrata. Rissoa fenestrata, Krauss, Sud-AfriJc. Moll. 1848, " on the bgssus of Pinna squamifera" Emh. River Kysna — lo, 0'8 lin. [not of Gould], 2 Port Natal ; coll. G. NeviU, Esq. 23. Alvania n. sp. 10 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq, Long. 2, diam. 1 mil. Kear the preceding. 24. Alvania n. sp. 3 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Closely allied to the next species. 25. Alvania mauritiana. Alvania mauritiana, von Martens, Mohiiis, Mauritius, 1880 — long. 1\, diam, I mil. 2 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 110 RISSOIDiE. 26. Alvania n. sp. Cret. Oast. S. India, I. 1867, p, 274, as " sj}. which extremely resembles the fossil species of Mohrensternia, but possibly can be a form of Alaba'' 20 Aralcan ; coll. Dr. P. Stoliczka. 6 Bombay; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank. 27. Alvania n. sp. 2 Balaijiti, Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 28. Alvania sp. 1 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanf ord, Esq. Possibly A. desmaresti, Audouin-var. ? 29. Alvania n. sp. 1 Maui-itius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 30. Alvania n. sp. 10 Galle ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. Very prettily maculated with brown. 31. Alvania n. sp. 2 Gwadar ; coll. Vv'. T. Blanford, Esq. 32. Alvania earinata. ? Turbo carinatus, DaCosta, Brit. Conch. 1778 ; fide Monterosato, J. de C. 1877 = E. labiata, Phil. 2 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. [as " liissoa earinata, DaCosta — very rare"]. Can tliis be tbe Turbo striaUdus, Mtg. = Turbo carinatus, DaCosta = Turbo monilis, Fleming ? I doubt it. 33. Alvania mutabilis. Alvania mutabilis, Schwartz von Mohrenstern, ms., Weinkauff) Conch. Medit' 1868, Algeria and Dalmatia. RISSOID^. Ill 12 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. Fide Monterosato, distinct from A. canariensis, Orb. 34. Alvania caribsea. Rissoa caribaea, d'Orhigny. 8 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. 35. Alvania sculp tills. Rissoa sculptilis, Monterosato, J. de C, 1878, Algiers, ''coll. Joly." 1 Algiers [typical] ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. ["very rare"]. 36. Alvania [?] circinata [?] Alvania circinata, A. Adams, Ann. Mag., VIII, 1861, Isl. Sado, SOfths. 1 Japan; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams— labelled ''A. circinata "]. Long. 1|, apparently not adult, tlie lip is not coloured, and, altogether, it does not agree with the original description. 37. Alvania scitula. Alvania scitula, A. Adams, Ann. Mag., 1861, Lo-shan-Jcoio and Shan-tang. 2 Japan [typical] ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams]. Long. 2 J, diam. 1\ mil. Agrees well with the description. I shall give, when I have the opportunity, the measurements of A. Adams' species, which he omitted in his original description. 38. Alvania interfossa. 4 Arakau ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 2 Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 39. Alvania n. sp. A pi-etty little form, here and there maculated with brown. 2 Galle ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. 112 RISSOIDiE, 40. Alvania n. sp. 20 Singapore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Long. 1|, diam. 1 mil. Unusually broad, in proportion. var robust a. 30 Bombay ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 41. Alvania n. sp. The wliorls are markedly less convex than in the Nico- barese^. stigmata^ Frauenfeld. 8 Bombay [If, 1] ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbauk, and W. T. Blanford, Esq. 4 Andaraans, Ceylon, and Mauritius [2, 1] ; coll. G. Nevill and J. B. Baxter, Esqrs. 4 Arakanj coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 42. Alvania n. sp. 4 Arakan and Penang; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 1 Singapore [2, 1 i] ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Longitudinal ribs quite straight, rather distant and thick. 43. Alvania stigmata. Alvania stigmata, von Frauenfeld, Moll. Novara Retse, 1866 [Kamorta, Nicohars^—long. 2, diam. mil., on expl. of plate as A. stigmatica ! var. tumida [? dist. sp.] 6 Andamans; coll. J. Wood-Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs. 2 Ceylon; coll. G. Nevill and J. B. Baxter, Esqrs. 20 Arakanj coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 44. Alvania weinkaufiai. Alvania weinkauffii, Schwartz, ms., Weinkauff, Conch. Medit., 1S68, Algeria, 20 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. Fide Monterosato, distinct from Alv. dldyophora, Philippi ? RISSOIDJl. 113 45. Alvania laneise. Rissoa laneise, Calcara, Moll, Sieil. 1845 ;^R. philippiana, Jeffreys, Ann. Mag. 1856, Spezzia. 30 Algiers ; eoll. P. Joly and G. Nevill, Esqrs, 1 Mediterranean; coll. Herr G. Schwartz von Mohrenstern [as "Alv, philippiana"]. var. tessellata. Alvania tessellata, Schwartz, from Algiers. 1 Algiers; coll. P. Joly, Esq. 46. Alvania n sp. Long. 4, diam. \\ mil. 2 Hongkong; coll. R. Huugerford, Esq. Goald's description of -4ZiYm/rt /t(5ca, from Hongkong, would answer perfectly to this form, but is said to have eight whorls and measure long. 5, diam. \\ mil. Dr. Hungerford's shell has only five and a half whorls. 47. Alvania [?] asturiana. Plagiostyla asturiana, P. Fischer, Act. Soc. Lin. Bord., XXIX, 1869, [?] and Fonds de la Mer,pl. II, fig. 5, 1872, Gulf of Gascony ; sect. Plagiostyla. 1 Gijon, Bay of Biscay; coll. Marquis de Folin. If M. Fischer had made this remarkable species the type of his Genus Plagiostyla, instead of R. lactea, Michaud, I should have considered the form as worthy of at least subgeneric distinction. Genus FENELLA, A. Adams. Ann. Mag., IS 60, type F. pupoides, A. Ad., as " Finella," emend. 1864. The Bissoa semicostata, Pease, A. J. C, 1868, Caroline Inl., 3, 1|, seems to belong here ? A. Adams has also described F. Candida, 1861; F. asperulata, 1860; F. pulchella, 1860; F. ferrtiginea, 1860, all from Japan. H 114 RISSOIDiE. 1. Fenella rufocincta. Dunkeria rufocincta, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VIII, 1861, MososeM, Talane and TaJcano-Sima; Suez, fide M Andrew. 2 Japan ; ex Mr. R, Damon [" coll. A. Adams "]. Long. 3f , diam. 1\ mil. 2. Fenella rissoiformis. Chryssalida rissoiformis, Issel, Malac. Mar Rosso, 1869, Suez; long. 2k, diam. 1 mil, 2 Massaua ; coll. Prof. A. Issel. 2 Andamans; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 1 Roweiah, Red Sea; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. This last is a rather narrower form. 3. Fenella cerithina. Fissoa cerithina, Philippi, Zeits. Mai., 1849, p. 34, Aden— long. 1^ ;? var. =F. scabra, A. Ad. 50 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [3^ 1]. 5 Suez; coll. Prof. A. Issel and J. B. Baxter, Esq. 8 Aden ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and G. Nevill, Esq. 2 Natal; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Herr Schwartz identified these N'atal specimens as F. excMr- vata [ubi ?] ; Gould speaks of an Alvania excurvata, Cpr. 10 Oman and Tawila [Persian Gulf] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. var. [ ? dist. sp.] . 26 Singapore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. var. scabra. Dunkeria scabra, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VI, 1860, p. 421, Tsu-sima, Anfr. 8^, [" liris elevatis fribus"^ ; Suez, fide McAndrew. 2 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams"]. Long. 2i, diam. 1 mil., the other rather larger. RISSOIDJl. 115 40 Andatnans, Bombay, Galle and Mauritius; coll. W. T. Blanford, J. B. Baxter, and G. Nevill, Esqrs. I am not clear wlietlier this is, or is not, a distinct species from the preceding \_F. cerithina] ? They seem to me to run one into the other ! Certain it is, however, that Mr. A. Adams identified as F. scabra, indubitable specimens of F. cerithma^ which had been dredged by Mr. Mc Andrew at Suez ! The sculp- ture of the Japan forms appears somewhat coarser, and with one transverse stria less. 10 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 6 Katliiawar; coll. F. Fedden, Esq. 4. Penella sp. 2 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. Something like F. reticulata^ A. Adams. 5. Fenella sp. 3 Hongkong; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 6. Fenella [?] n. sp. 1 Andamans ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Probably one of the most minute marine Mollusca in exist- ence. 7. Penella virgata. Rissoa virgata, FMlippi, Zeits. Mai. 1849, Suez, Aden, <^c., and Descr. de VEgypte, pi. Ill, fig. 29, long. 2, This is almost certainly one of A. Adams' species, perhaps his F. pupoides ? var. [?] 2 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. var. [?] 1 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 116 mssoiD^. 8. Fenella sp. Pupoidesl vinacea var. 50 Seychelles, Mauritius, and Natal ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 12 Bomljay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. var. latefasciata. 16 Mauritius ; coll. G, Nevill, Esq. subvar. minor. 5 Bombay ; coll. W. T. Blanford,. Esq. 9. Fenella [?J sp. 1 Hongkoug; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 10. Fenella n. sp. ? 3 Bombay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 11. Fenella fulgida [?J. Rissoa fulgida, C. B. Adams [uhi ?]. 8 Natal ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [7, 2f ]. Identified for me as F. fulgida, C. B. Adams, by Herr Schwartz von Mohr en stern. var. [? dist. sp.]. 3 Natal J coll. G. Nevill, Esq. var. [? dist. sp.]. 8 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 12. Fenella sp. ? 2 Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill. Esq. RISSOIDJ!. 117 var. [? dist. sp.]. 2 Singapore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 13. Penella reticulata. Dunkeria reticulata, A. Adams, Ann. Mag, VI, 1860. p. 422, Awa-Sima, Anfr. Si ; Suez, fide McAndreio. 3 Japan; ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams"]. Long. 3|, diam. 1^ mil. var. ? .5 Henjara [Persian Gulf] and Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T, Blanford, Esq. 4 Nicobars ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. All in very bad condition. 14. Fenella vinacea. Rissoa vinacea, Recluz [uhi .'']. 20 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Identified for me, as above, by Herr Gr. Schwartz von Moh- renstern. 15. Penella pupoides. Finella pupoides, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VI, 1860, Tsu-ni'na and Korea Strait; J. de C, 1S68, pi. IV, fig. 5 ; Samoa, fide Schmeltz, and Suez, fide McAndrew ; ?=R. virgata, PJiil. 4 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [c. A. Adams] and Dr. F. Stoliczka. Long. 3f, diam. \\ mil. 3 Hongkong; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 1 Natal ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [identified by Herr Schwartz] 4 Aden and Nicobars ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 6 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. 2 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. var. fusco-apicata [? dist. ep.] 20 Bombay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 118 EISSOIDiE. 16. Fenella infratincta [?]. Fenella infratincta, Garrett, P. Acad. Fhilad., 1873, Viti and Samoa Isl. long. 2^ mil. 2 Samoa; ex Mus. Godeffroy [long. 3^ mil. ; labelled " F. pupoides"^. 17. Fenella u. sp. 12 Mauritius ; coll. J. B. Baxter and G. Nevill, Esqrs. 18. Fenella n. sp. 2 Tawila [Persian Gulf] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 19. Fenella n. sp. 2 Tawila [Persian Gulf] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. Something like F. rufocincta, A. Adams. 20. Fenella sp. 2 Tawila [Persian Gulf] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 21. Fenella fusca. Dunkeria fusca, A Adams, Ann. Mag. VI, 1860, Tabu-Sima, 25 ftJis, Anfr. 81 [emend. 1864']. 2 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams "]. Long. 5|, diam. ly% mil. 22. Fenella craticulata. unkeria craticulata, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. 1860, Qotto I. and Mino-Sima. 1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon ["coll. A. Adams "]. 23. Fenella n. sp. 20 Tawila, Persian Gulf j coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. RISSOIDiR. 119 Sometliing like F. rufocincta, A. Adams, but smaller, with different sculpture, &c. 24. Penella sp. 6 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq, 25. Penella n. sp. 1 Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 26. Fenella [?] sp. 1 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. Presents some of the characters of Turhonilla. Genus ONOBA, H. 8f A. Adams. Qen. Moll. I, 1854, type Turbo striatus, J. Adams. ; sect. ?=^Bacula, H, and A. Adams, Ann. Mag. XI, 1863 ;=Felycidmm, Fischer, MS. Other sp. of the Genus from Eastern Seas are Rissoa hyalina [6 mil.] and E. tnmcata [2 mil.], Ga;Tett, P. Ac. Phil., 1873, Fiji Isl. Three sp. have been described by A. Adams from Japan, Ann. Mag, 1861 and 1863 ; one is found also at Suez, Ann. Mag. 1870. The B. sfriatula, Pease, A. J. C, 1868, Paumotus, 9, 3J — perhaps belongs here, or to Bacula, Ad. ? 1. Onoba striata. Turbo striatus, J. Adams, Tr. Linn. Soc. Ill, 1800 ; fide Jeffreys^ vars. =Rissoa arciica, Loven, and=E. saxatilis, Moller. 10 England; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. var. saxatilis. Itissoa saxatilis, Moller, Ind. Moll. Qronland, 1842. 1 Hammerfest : ex " Linnsea." 120 mssoiD^. 2. ODOba n. sp. 20 Arakan and Singapore ; coll. Dr. F. Stolicicka. var. [? dist. sp.]. 1 Arakan ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 3. Onoba n. sp. 2 Singapore; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 4. Onoba n. sp. 1 Andamans; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. 5. Onoba delicata. Rissoa delicata, Philippi, Zeits. Mai, 1849, p. 34, Aden, long. 1^. 2 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank [5, 1 %], 1 Roweiah, Red Sea; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. [6^. 2f]. 4 Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. These Herr Schwartz identified as O.pulchella, C. B. Adams. 1 Aden; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [4|, If]. var. microstoma, nov. 3 Roweiah and Galle; coll. J. Baxter [6, 2^]; columella more rounded, less angulate at base. 2 Annesley Bay; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [3|, 1\]. 6. Onoba n. sp. Anfr. 4J ; long. 3, diam. 1 mil. 3 Tumb Island, and Bombay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 7. Onoba [?] n. sp. 20 Singapore and Malacca ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 8. Onoba n. sp. 12 Calicut; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka, BTSSOID^. 1*21 9. Onoba n. sp. Long. 1 mil. [vixj ; anfr. 3|. 2 Andamans j coll. G. Nevill, Esq. var. [? dist. sp,]. 2 Andamans; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 10. Onoba sp. 1 Hongkong; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. There is another sp. of Ovoha, said to be from Hongkong^ and Senegal [!] figured by Folin, Fonds de la Mer, PI. VIII, fig. 5, as Pelycidium venustuhi'ni. Sub-Genus CEBATIA, H. & A. Adams. Gen. Moll. 1, 1854, type Rissoa proxima, Alder. There is a G. pyrgula, A. Adams, from Suez, Ann, Mag, 1870, also a species from New Guinea described by Tapparone-Cane- fri. 11. Onoba (Ceratia) proxima. Rissoa proxima. Alder, Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Con. 111,1853; = U. striatula, Jeffr., Ann. Mag., 1858, not Turbo ( = JUssoa) striatulus, Lin. 1 England ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. 1 Algiers; coll. P. Joly, Esq, ("very rare"). Sub-Genus HYALA, H. & A. Adams. Oen. Moll. 1, 1854, type Turbo vitreus, Mtg. Three species are described by A. Adams, Ann. Mag., 1870, from Suez, as belonging to this Genus. Bissopsis, Garrett, appears to be closely allied. 12. Onoba (Hyala) vitrea. Turbo vitreus, Montagu, Test. Brit., 1803. 2 England ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. 6 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. 122 RISSOIDiE. 13. Onoba (Hyala) nitida. Hyala nitida, A. Adams, Ann. Mag., 1870, Suez ; anfr. 6, 2 Roweiah, Red Sea ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. var. minor. 1 Roweiah ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. 14. Onoba (Hyala) n. sp. 2 Mauritius and Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq, 15. Onoba (Hyala) sp. 2 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. var. 1 Mauritius; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. 16. Onoba (Hyala) n. sp. 16 Mauritius and Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. var. ( ? ) 4 Persian Gulf; ex c. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring. 17. Onoba (Hyala) sp. 2 Mauritius ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. 18. Onoba (Hyala) sp. 1 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 19. Onoba (Hyala) n. sp. 3 Mauritius ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. var. ? 1 Maui'itius ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq." 20. Onoba (Hyala) pumilio. H^ala puniilio, J. Adams {ubi?). 1 JivpiUi ; ox Mr. Damon ("coll. A. Adunis "), 21. Onoba (Hyala) glabrata. Hyala e^labrain, PhUippi,fide A. Adams ins. 1 Japan; ex Mr. Damon (" coll. A. Adams "). 22. Onoba (Hyala ?) sp. 1 Araknn; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 23. Onoba (Hyala) n. sp. 1 Mauritius J ex c. Dr. F. ^toliczka. A foi'm with two transverse bands. 24. Onoba (Hyala) sp. 2 Hongkong?; coll. U. llungerfoi'd, Esq. var. minor. 2 Hongkong; coll. K. llungorford, Es(|. Genus AMPHITHALMUS, Carpenter. Ann. Mag.y XV, 1865, ti/pe A. incliisus. Carp. 1. Amphithalmus inclusus. Ampliithalmus inclusus, Carpenter^ Ann. Mag., XV, 1S65, California. 1 California; ex Mr. Damon. 2. Amphithalmus pupoides. Amphithalmus pupoides, jE. Adams, P. Zool. 8., IS65, Lord Hood's Island— ii, i mil. 1 Lord Hood's I. (?) j ex Mr. Damon. 124 RISSOID^. H. Adams remarks on its resemblance to Stenothyra, &c. ; Barleeia ? microthyra, Martens, from Mauritius, also belongs here ; possibly, however, they may both, as well as A. ohesus and A. pdlyce prove generically separable from the typical Cali- fornian species ? 3. Amphithalmus obesus. Amphithalmus obesus, H, Adams, P. Zool. S., 1865, Lord Hood's Island — lonff. if, diam. i mil. 1 Lord Hood's I. (?) ; ex Mr. Damon. 4. Amphithalmus pellyse. Amphithalmus pellyse, G. Nevill, J. A.S. B., 1881, Adelaide — long. 1\, diam. i mil. 1 Adelaide (type) ; coll. Miss Pelly. Genus CINGULA, Fleming. Hist. Brit. Animals, 1828, type Turbo cingillus, Mtg. ; sect. ■= Peringilla, Monterosato. 1. Cingula cingillus. Turbo cingillus, Montagu, Test. Brit., 1803 ; var. rupestris, Forb., Ann. Mag, V — " bandless." 2 Weymouth ; coll. G. Nevili, Esq. 2. Cingula glabrata. Turbo glabratus, MuMfeld, Verh. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin, 1818 and 1829. 20 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. 3. Cingula (?) nigra. Assiminea nigra, Xrauss, Sild-AfriTc. Moll. 1848, Alyoa and Table Bays — - long. 0 7, diam. 0'4 lin. var. (?) 1 Port Natal ; cull. G. Nevill, Esq. RISS0IDJ3. 1"^ 4. Cingula (?) sp. 1 Port Natal ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. This may perhaps be a species of the EydrohimcB. 5. Cingula (?) sp. 1 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 6. Cingula n. sp. Ss Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 7. Cingula n. sp. 50 Annesley Bay, Red Sea ; coll. W. T. Blauford, Esq. A pretty little species, only 1 mil. in length ! 8. Cingula (?) n. sp. 5 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blauford, Esq. 9. Cingula tiberiana. Cingula tiberiana, /5se/, ilfa/«c. 3Iar Sosso, 1869, Suez-long. Ih, diam. 1 mil., and Descr. de VEgiipte,pl. Ul,fi'i 16. 5 Annesley Bay; coll. W. T. Blauford, Esq. 1 Mauritius; coll. G. Nepill, Esq. 10. Cingula villse (?) Cingula villse, Issel, Malac. Mar Rosso, 1869, Suez— long. 2h, diam. 1\ mil. and I) esc. de VEgiipte,pl. Ill, fig. 17. 20 Singapore ? (or Arakan ?) ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Long. 2 j, diam. IJ mil., scarcely rimate. var. ? Singapore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. ^ 11. Cingula semistriata. Turbo semistriatus, Montagu, Test. Brit. Sup. 1808 ; not Mssoa semistriata, £hilippi (Alaba sp.) ; = JR. stibsulcata, Philippi, Sicilg. 20 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. 126 RISSOID^R. 12. Cingula [?] madreporica. Cingula madreporica, Issel, Malac. Mar Rosso, 1869, Suez, Long. IJ, diam. J mil. 2 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 13. Cingula [?] n. sp. 1 Aden ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Perliaps rather a species of Setia ? 14. Cingula seminulum. Rissoa seminulum, Monterosato, J. de C, 1877, Sidi Ferruch, pi. Ill, fig. 8. 8 Algiers; coll. P. Joly, Esq. 15. Cingula (?) sp. 3 Andamans and Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 16. Cingula intort a. Rissoa hitovta,, Monterosato, Fnum. ConcTi. Medit., 1872, for Rissoa contorta, Jeffreys, var. intorta, Monterosato, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 1876-77, Civita-vecchia. 4 Algiers; coll. P. Joly, Esq. 17. Cingula Isevis. Rissoa Isevis, Monterosato, J. de C, 1877, Algiers, coll. Joly, {not C. Icevis, DeTcay) ; sect. Peringiella. 20 Algiers (typical) ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. [?] Sub-GeniTs PUTILLA, A. Adams. P. Zool. S., 1867, type P. lucida, A. Adams. Putilla has been referred, possibly correctly, to the family IluU7nidce. The three species described by A. Adams, Ann, Mag. VI, 1870, from Suez, as " RissoeUa sp." seem to me to belong to this group ? RTSSOTD^. 127 18. Cingula ? (Pntilla) n. sp. 1 Henjam, Persian Gulf ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 19. Cingula ? (Putilla) n. sp. 10 Oman, Persian Gulf ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 20. Cingula ? (Putilla) lucid a. Putilla lucida, A, Adams, P. Zool, S. 1867, Gotto. 1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [ " coll. A. Adams "]. Genus [?] SETIA, E.^ A. Adams. Qen. Moll, 1, 1854, type S, pulcherrima, Jeffr. From the characters of the shell alone, I am unable to detect distinctive differences to separate Setia from Cingula [or Barleeia f']. 1. Setia Candida. Setia Candida, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VIII, 1861, Sado Isl. 1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams "J. 2. Setia pulcherrima. Ptissoa pulcherrima, Jeffreys, Ann. Mag,, 1848^ Ser, 2, Vol. Ill, Channel Islands. 8 England : ex Mr. Damon. 3. Setia fulgida. Helix fulgida, J. Adams, Trans. Lin. Soc, III, 1800, England ;^=R, pygmcBa, Michaud,fide Weinkauff. 1 Loc. ? ex Mr. R. Damon [ "coll. A. Adams "1. 4. Setia soluta. Rissoa soluta, PhiUppi, Moll. Sicil. 1836. 1 Exmouth : ex " Liunsea." 128 RISSOIDiE. 5. Setia n. sp. 1 Andamans ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 6. Setia n. sp. 4 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 7. Setia [? ?] n. sp. 1 Natal ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 8. Setia [?] bizouata, nov. Long. IJ, diam. J mil. ; anfr. 4. 2 Mauritius [type] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. May possibly prove the 8. hifasciata of A. Adams — Ann. Mag., VIII, 1861, Japan — with the very meagre description of which it agrees. var. major [? dist. sp.]. 1 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. r 9. Setia bifaseiata [?]. Setia bifaseiata, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VIII, 1861, Awa — Sima. 1 Japan (?) ; ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams "]. This is certainly not S. pulcJierrima, Jeffreys, although sent me as ^^ Setia pulclierrima, A. Adams, from Japan"; it is a larger form than the preceding, to which it is, however, closely allied. 10. Setia n. sp. 3 Adelaide ; coll. Miss Pelly. With two brown bands on the base. 11. Setia n. sp. 3 Adelaide; coll. Miss Pally. A small, pure white species. RISSOIDiE. 12^ 12. Setia [?] n. sp. 1 Adelaide ; coll. Miss Pelly. 13. Setia fuse a. Rissoa fusca, PhiUppi, Emm. Moll. Slcil. 1836. 3 Palermo ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq. 12 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. 14. Setia L?] ». sp. 1 Adelaide ; coll. Miss Pelly. An umbilicated form. Genus NEVILLIA, H. Adams. P. Zool. 8. 1868, p. 289, type N. picta, H. Adams [not Nemllia of Mar' tens}' 1. Nevillia pieta. Nevillia pieta, H. Adams, P. Zool. 8., 1868, Mauritius; long. 2\. diam. 1^ mil. 12 Mauritius [typej ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Very variable and beautiful in its coloration ; some are of a uniform dark brown, some uniform crimson, bright pink varie- gated with white, or white variegated with pink, &c. 2. Nevillia lucida. Nevillia lucida, H. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1868, Bourbon ; long. 2, diam. i| mil . 1 Bourbon [type] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 8 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Genus EATONIELLA, Ball. Bull. U. S. Mus. 1876, for Eatonia, Smith, Ann. Mag., XVI, 1870, type B. kerguelensis, Smith, not Eatonia, Rail, 1859, \_Gen. Braehiopoda.'] Not in the Museum Coll. Genus CROSSEA, A. Adams. Ann. Mag. 1863, type C. miranda, A. Adams ; Crosse, J. de C, 1868, pi. IF 3 Jigs. 9-10. I 130 RISSOIDJl. 1. Crossea [?] n. sp. 1 Andamans ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. 2. Crossea [?] n. sp. 1 Annesley Bay, Red Sea ; coU. W. T. Blanford, Esq. A very lovely, small form. Can it possibly be the Gorena tuhercuUfera, A. Adams, from Suez ? 3. Crossea concinna. Crossea concinna, Angas, P. Z. S. Ft. Jackson. 1 Log. ? ; ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams "]. Alt. 2|, diam. 3| mil. 10 Pt. Jackson; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 4. Crossea bellula. Crossea bellula, A.Adams, Ann, Mag. 1865, OotfoIsL; Crosse, J. de C, 1863, pi. IV, fig. 10. 1 Japan; ex Mr. Damon ["coll. A. Adams"]. Alt. If, diam. If mil. Genus ANABATHROl^, FrauenfeU. Moll. Novara Exp., 1866, type A. contabulata, Fr. from Botany Bay. 1. Anabathron contabulata. Anabatlirou contabulata, von Frauenfeld, Novara Moll. 1866, Botany Bay, 30 Botany Bay; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [several vars.]. Genus SCALIOLA, A. Adams. Ann Mag. VI, 1860, type S. bella,A. Adams, as Suh-Qen. of Scala; emend., I. c, X, 1862, as Genus of RissoidcB. 1. Scaliola bella. Scaliola bella, A. Adams, Ann. Mag, VI, 1860, and X, 1862, Tahu-Sima' 25fths. LoBg. 3i, diam. If mil. 1 Japan [typical]; ex Mr. Damon ["coll. A. Adams"]. RISSOIDJE. 131 2. Scaliola, n. sp. 16 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 3. Scaliola, n. sp. 6 Andamans ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 1 Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. var. [?] 3 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 4- Scaliola gracilis. Scaliola gracilis, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. X, 1862, Gofto, 71fihs. Long. 2, diam. -^ mil. 1 Japan [typical]; ex Mr. Damon ["coll. A. Adams"]. var. [?] 2 Andamans ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 5. Scaliola arenosa. Scaliola arenosa, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. X, 1862, Osima, Tanabe and Simoda. Long. 3, diam. 1 mil. 2 Japan [typical] ; ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams "]. 50 Seychelles and Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. They agree well with the typical specimen. Herr Schwart?: also identified them as 8. arenosa. 1 Japan [long. 3, diam. 1 mil.]; ex Mr. Damon [labelled " S. lavrenosa, A. Adams "]. 1 Singapore ; coll. Dr, F. Stoliczka. 10 Bombay; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq.- 6. Scaliola glareosa. Scaliola glareosa, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. 1862, Qotto fsL, 71 fths. Long. 2|, diam. /^ mil. 132 RISSOID-^. 2 Japan [typical]; ex Mr. Damon ["coll. A. Adams"]. 40 Singapore; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 10 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 18 Andamans and Nicobars; coll. J. Wood -Mason, Esq., and Dr. F, Stoliczka. 3 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 7. Scaliola elata. Scaliola elata, Semper, Issel, Malac. Mar Mosso, 1869, Suez ; long. 2\, diam. 1 mil., and Zanzibar [>Sewp.]. Seems to me doubtfully distinct from 8. arenosa ? 5 Suez [typical] ; coll. Prof. A. Issel. 50 Annesley Bay; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. var. [?] 2 Aden ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 8. Scaliola, n. sp. 1 Nicobars ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. [?] Gentjs MICROSTELMA, A. Adams. Ann, Mag. XI, 1863, type M. daedala, A. Ad., Gotto Isl. ; M. concinna, A. Adams, I. c, VI, 1870, from Suez, fide Mc Andrews, a broken Sis- This and tlie two next Genera are not represented in the Museum. [?] Gen[JS CORENA, a. Adams. Ann. Mag. VI, p. 122, 1870, type C. tuberculifera, A. Ad.; from Suez. [?] Genus RISSOPSIS, Garrett. P. Acad. Philad. 1873, type E. typica, Garrett, from Viti and Samoa. HETEROPHROSYNID^. 133 5. Pamily HETEEOPHEOSYNIDiE, Clarke. Genus JEFFREYSIA, Alder. Forhes and Eanley, Brit. Conch. 1849, and Alder, Ann. Mag. VII, 1851, type M. [?J diaphana, Aid. ; fide Jeffreys = Bissoella, Aucf. [not of Gray, type of which is Odostomia glabra, Brown']. There are several other species described by A, Adams, Ann. Mag. 1860 and 1861, from Japan and China. 1. Jeflfreysia diaphana. Rissoa? diaphana, Alder, Ann. Mag. XIII, 1844, England^ fide Wein- Jcauff, should he J. glabra. Brown. 10 England ; ex G. Nevill, Esq. 2. Jeffrey sia [?] minima. Jeffreysia minima, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VI, 1860, Tsu-Sima, at 26 fths. Long, [vix] 1 mil. 1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams "]. 3. Jeffreysia [?] mundula. Jeffreysia mundula, A. Adams, Ann. Mag, VI, 1860, Tsu-Sima at 26 fihs. Even smaller than the preceding ! 1 Japan; ex Mr. Damon ["coll. A. Adams"]. 4. Jeffreysia [?] sp. ? 1 Japan; ex Mr. Damon ["coll. A. Adams"]. There are no bands on this specimen. It was sent me labelled " Bissoella bifasciata,'' Carpenter. 5. Jeffreysia [?] sp. ? 3 Japan ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams "]. 1 34 HETEROPHROSYNIDJ). There are traces of two bands on these specimens. Received as " Bissoella fulgida, A. Ad. " ! 6. Jeffreysia [?] turgidula [?] Jeffreysia (?) turgidula, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. VI, 1860, Korea Strait, at 46ftha. 1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams "]. Received as " Bissoella miridula, A. Ad." 7. Jefifreysia [?] sp. 1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams'']. Received as " Bissoella glabra, A. Ad." Genus BARLEEIA, GlarJc. Brit. Marine Test. Moll. 1855, type Twlo ruber, Mtg. 1. Barleeia rubra. Turbo ruber, Montagu, Test. Brit. 1803; not Turbo ruber, Adams [B. parva, var. fide Jeffr."]. 20 England, &c. ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka, and G. Nevill, Esq. var. major. Barleeia rubra, var. major, Monterosato, J. de C, 1877, Algiert. 30 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly and Gr. Nevill, Esqrs. var. iinifasciata. Turbo unifasciatus, Montagu, Test. Brit. 1803. 1 Falmouth ; ex " Linnsea." var. pallida. Barleeia rubra, var. pallida, Jeffreys, Brit. Con. III. 1 Algeria ; ex " Linnsea." LITTOIMNTDJl. 135 6. Eamily LITTOEINID^, Gray. Genus LITTORINA, Ferussac. Tabl. Syst. 1821, type L. litorea, Lin. ; sect, = Neritoides, Brown, type L. oltusata, Lin. ; sect. = Melaraphe, MiiMfeld, type L. neritoides, Lin. ; sect. = Littorinop sis, MorcTi, Mai. Bldt. 1876, type L. angulifera, LamarcJc. 1. Littorina littorea. Turbo littoreus, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. X, 1758, Norioay ; Jeffreys, 1865, vars. paupercula, brevicula, turrita and sinistrorsa. 4 Montrose; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal [34, 25^]. 10 England, Dunkirk, &c. ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 2 N. France; coll. P. Bouvier, Esq. 2. Littorina rudis. Turbo rudis, Maton, Linn. Soc. Trans. VIII, 1807 ; fide Jeffreys, vars. = L. saxatiUs, Johnston= Turbo sulcatus, Leach = Turbo jugosus, Mtg. and vars. globosa, similis, Icevis and compressa, also = L. sitchensis, FMl. = L. groenlandica, Menke. 20 Dunkerque, England, <^c. ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka, &c. 1 Port Said; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. var. saxatilis. Littorina saxatilis, Johnston, Trans. Berwick Soc. 1838, 1 Tilbury ; ex " LinnaBa." var. patula. Littorina patula, Jeffreys, Thorpe, Brit. Mar. Conch., 1844. 50 United States ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb, &c. var. tenebrosa. Turbo tenebrosus, Montagu, Test. Brit. II, 1803 ; var. of L. rudis, fide Jeffreys. 50 United States ; coll. Prof. E. C, Stearns, &c. 4 Prince Edward's Island ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 136 LITTORINID^. 3. Littorina obtusata. Turbo obtusatus, LinncBus, Si/st. Nat. X, 1758, North Sea ; fide Jeffreys, vars. Turbo f ah alis, Turton, ornata and compaeta ; sect. Neritoides. 12 Dunkerque, England, &c. ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka, &c. 6 Isle of Wight ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. var. neritiformis. Littorina neritiforma, Brown, III. Conoh. Gt. Britain, 1845. 18 England ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq., and As. Soc, Bengal. var. limata. Littorina obtusata, var. limata, Loven. 1 Hammerfest ; ex " Linnsea." 4. Littorina sitchensis. Littorina sitkana, Bhilippi, P. Zool. S. 1845, emend. Abb., pi. VI, figs. 13 and 18, Sitcha ; fide Jeffreys =1. rudis, var, 10 Vancouver Isl., Kadiak, &c, ; coll. Profs. W. Newcomb and E. C. Stearns. subvar. SUblSBVis. 4 Sitka, &c. ', coll. Profs. W. Newcomb and E. C. Stearns. subvar. fasciata. 1 Kadiak ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns. 5. Littorina scutulata. Littorina scutulata, Gould, P. Bost. S., 1849, Puget Sound. 12 Monterey and Purissima, California; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns. 6. Littorina neritoides". Turbo neritoides, Linnceus, Syst. Nat. X, 1758, Mediterranean ; fide Jeffrey s = L. basterotii, Payr., Sfc, ; sect. Melaraphe. 10 Algiers; coll. P. Joly and G. Nevill, Esqrs. 1 Menton [? sub-fossil] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 10 Dalmatia ; ex c. Dr. T. Oldham [labelled " Mehiphre ylabrafa"^, 10 Italy and Trieste ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka, &c. LITTORINID^. 137 7. Littorina punctata. Turbo punctatus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1790, Senegal ; sect. Melaraphe. 10 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. var. syriaca. Littorina syriaca, PMlippi, Abb. II, 1847, Syria [bene']. 1 Beirut ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. A very distinct form not recorded by Reeve, but scarcely specifically distinguishable ? 8. Littorina palliata. Turbo palliatus, Say, J. Acad. FMlad. II, 1818, United States ; fide Jeffreys = Nerita littoralis, Linn. ; sect. Neritoides. 20 Long Island, &c. ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle, &c. 8 Prince Edward's Island ; coll. A. Nevill, Esq. 9. Littorina grcsnlandica. Littorina grcenlandica, MenJce, Syn. Moll., 1830, Greenland ; fide Jeffreys= L, rudis, var. 5 Greenland ; ex c. G. NeviU, Esq. 10. Littorina africana. Littorina africana, Krauss, PMlUppi, Abb, II, 1847, Algoa Bay ; sect, Melaraphe. 7 Port Natal ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq., &c. 10 Table Bay [Cape Town] ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 11. Littorina brevicula* Turbo breviculus, PMlippi, Zeits. Mai., 1844, Emb, YangtseJciang var. = L. souverbiena, Crosse. 5 Kulangsu (Amoy) ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 2 Nagasaki ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 13S LITTORINID^. 12. Littorina poreata. Littorina poreata, Pliilippi, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845, Galapagos. 5 Panama; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb. 13. Littorina planaxis. Littorina planaxis, Nnttall MS., PMlippi, Abb. II, 184:7, pi. IV, jig. 16, Upper California ; sect. Melaraphe. 12 Bodega, and Monterey [California] ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns. 14. Littorina aspera. Littorina aspera, Philippi, P. Zool. S. 1845 and Abb. II, 1847, pi. IV, fig. 13, " Sitcha, Mexico, and S. Salvador " ; ? sect. LiUorinop.sis. 12 Panama : colT. Prof. E. C. Stearns. 15. Littorina conspersa. Littorina conspersa, Philippi, Abb. II, 1847, pi. IV, fig. 14, Real Llejos } f sect. Littorinopsis. 10 Nicaragua ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns. var. fortisulcata. 10 Nicaragua ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns. 16. Littorina minima. Turbo minimus, Gray, Wood's Sup. Index Test., 1828, Hob. ? ; sect, Mela- raphe. 10 W. Indies ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb. 17. Littorina lineata. Littorina lineata, LamarcTc, Hist. VII, 1822, Hab. ? ; fide Morch = L. tessellata, Phil. 1847 ; sect. Littorinopsis. 5 West Indies ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb. 1 Guadaloupe ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq. LITTOEINID^. 139 18. Littorina mespilum. Helix mespilum, v. MuJiIfeld, Verh. Berlin Ges., I, 1829,' Antilles ;=^L. fusca, Pfr. 1840, Cuba ;=i/. naticoides. Orb. ; sect. Melaraphe. 2 Jamaica : ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb. 19. Littorina plena. Littorina plena, Gould, P. Bost. S. 1849, S. Francisco, long, }, lat \ poll, and Expl. Exp., pi. 14, Jig. 236 ; ? sect. Melaraphe. var. vitiensis. Littorina vitiensis, Dunker.- 3 Tahiti ; ex Mus. Godeffroy. Long. 8|, diam. Q\ mil. I am by no means sure that this form is Gould's L. plena. The spire is very much shorter, &c. 20. Littorina picta. Littorina picta, Philippi, Abb. II, 1847, pi. Ill, fig. 26, Sandwich Islands and Luzon, with var. marmorata. 12 Sandwich Islands ; coll. H. Pease, Esq., and Prof. W. Newcomb. 21. Littorina ziczak. Trochus ziczac, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. I, Vol. V, fig. 1599 ; fide Morch =L. orhignyana, Philippi, Abb. Ill; sect. Melaraphe. 7 Guadaloupe ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb and P. Joly, Esq. 10 Aspinwall ; ex c. Prof. E. C. Stearns. 22. Littorina philippii. Littorina philippii, Carpenter, Cat. Mazatlan Shells, 1857. 30 Gulf of California; ex c. Profs. W. Newcomb and E. C, Stearns. Has been stated to be the Lit. duhiosa of C. B. Adams. 140 LITTORINID^. 23. Littorina angustior. Littorlna angustior, MorcTi, Malak. Bldt. XXIII, 1876, Savanna, ^c, for, Orhigny's Moll. Cuba, ph 14, jigs. 24 and 26, as " L. lineata"; =L carinata, Reeve \_as of Soto.'], Jig. 50, Cuba, S^c. ; var. fasciata, Morch I. c, Orbigny's Cuba, pi. 14, fig. 25, ; sect. Melaraphe. 10 Cuba ; ex c. Pi*of . W. Newcomb. 3 Guadaloupe ; ex c. P. Joly, Esq. 24. Littorina zebra. Turbo zebra, Orag, Wood's Sup. Index Test. 1828, S. America ; sect. Melara'pJie. 8 "Valparaiso j coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns. var. nana. Long. 10, diam. 6| mil. 2 Valparaiso ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns. 25. Littorina pintado. Turbo pintado, Gray, Wood's Sup. Index Test. 1828, Sandwich Islands ; fide Pease, Am. J. Con. IV,=:L. ambigua, Phil.=L. serialis. Soul. = L. tenehrata, Nuttall ; ? sect. Melaraphe. 9 Sandwicb Islands j ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb. Fide V. Martens from Mauritius and =L. serialis. I cannot but think, however, this must be merely a form of L. glabratob [my L. ohesa, var. glahrata]. I have never seen Mascarene specimens that agree with those of the Sandwich Isl. ; though indeed the two species are perhaps scarcely more than geo- graphical races ? Three of the above agree with Reeve's fig. of L. tenehrata, probably the female form. var. serialis. Littorina serialis, Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, 1852, pi. XXXI, figs. 34-36, Sandwich Islands. 3 Sandwicb Islands; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb [as L. so-ialis']. A rather distinct form, does not agree well with Souleyet's figure. LITTORTNIDJ;, 141 26. Littorina diemenensis. Littorina diemenensis, Quoy, Voy. Astrolabe, II, 1839, Tasmania and New Zealand; PMlippi, II,jpl.IV,Jig. 1 \hene']; Reeve, fig. 94 Imale']; sect. Melaraphe. 8 Sydney ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. var. pseudolsevis, Eeeve, Con. Ic. fig. 95, as L. Icevis [not L. Icevis, Phil.'] 6 New South Wales; ex c. Asiat. Soc, Bengal, and ex c. British Museum [sent as " L. mauritiana" !] Long. ISJ, diam. 12J mil. 1 Port Jackson ; coll. J. Caldwell, Esq. 27. Littorina pulchra. Littorina pulchra, Swainson, Sowerhy's Gen. Shells, 1820-4, fig. 2, sect. Littorinopsis. 3 Panama ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns. 28. Littorina nebulosa. Phasianella nebulosa, LamarcTc, Hist. Vol. VII, 1822, S. Domingo ; fide Morch, Phil. Abb. V, figs. 19 and 20 as L. columellaris, also L. tigrina, Orb., Cuba, pi. 15, figs. 9-10; sect. Littorinopsis. 4 Jamaica; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb [as "Z. columellaris"']. 5 Aspinwall; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns [as "i. columellaris"]. 29. Littorina columellaris. Littorina columellaris, d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid. 1840, Pernambueo ; fide Morch, long. 13, diam. 9 mil., also from Martinique and ? var. of L. fiava, Brod. 1832 ; sect. Littorinopsis, 2 Jamaica ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb. Long, 13, diam. 9 mil. ; agrees exactly witli Morch's descrip- tion, Malak. Blat. XXIII, page 136, and seems to me distinct from preceding. It resembles Reeve's fig. 96, L. saiji, Phil., from Florida. l4iZ LlTTORlNlD^i. 30. Littorina penitaria. Littoriua penitaria. Wood [_ubi Q ; ? sect. Melaraphe. 12 San Juan Fernandez ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearus [as " L. penitaria. Wood"]- Neither in Reeve, PHlippi, nor in the Index Test.!' 31. Littoriua irrorata. Turbo irroratus, Say, Journ. Philad. V, 1822, June, p. 239 ;^=^Phasianella sulcata, Lamarck, 1822, August, p. 54 ; sect. LittoHnopsis. 16 Florida and Hog Island [Virginia] ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle, Prof, E. C. Stearus, and J. Lea, Esq. [As. Soc. Bang.]. 32. Littorina mauritiana. Phasianella mauritiana, LamarcJc, Kist., 1822, Mauritius ;-=L. Icevis, Phil, [not of Reeve], P. Zool. S. 1845, Hab. ? ; fide v. Martens, from Hongkong and Pt. Jackson ; sect. Melaraphe. 6 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill and J. Caldwell, Esqrs. Very closely allied to L. obesa, but smoother and of different coloration. They may be only varietal forms ? These speci- mens are most admirably and exactly represented by Philippi, III, PL VI, fig. 6, as L. IcBvis, Locality ? The L. loevis of Reeve, I need scarcely say, is a totally different Australian form. Prof. V. Martens would rather consider L. Icevis, Phil., as a form of L. glahrata. 33. Littorina olbesa. Littorina obesa, Sotverby, Gen. Shells, II, 1820-4, fig. 6, Sotith Sea Islands; vars.^^L. glabrata and L. delnlis, Philippi ; sect. Melaraphe. 5 Soutb Sea Islands ; ex c. Dr. J. t). Cox. 5 Mare, Loyalty Islands ; ex c. F. Layard, Esq. var. glabrata. Littorina glabrata, Philippi, P. Zool. S. 1845, and Abb. pi. Fit, fig. 5, Peru [!] ; subvar.^L, debilis, Philippi, I. c, tvithout Loc. ; fide Mart. as " L. glabrata," from Seychelles, Mascarene I si.. Natal and Singa- pore. Scarcely specifically separable from L. mauritiana, as already pointed out by Philippi [under L, Icevis'], Krauss records it LITTORINIDJE. 143 as L, glahrata horn 'Natsil, and says "scarcely separable from L. ohcsa. " It is also close to L. undulata, Gray, but differs in shape, &c. 40 Seychelles, Mauritius, Ceylon, and Madras ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Long*. 18, diam. 11| mil. Philippi also says of his L, ghihrata that it only differs by the coloration from L. ohesa and L, Icevis. 34 Littorina cincta. Littoriua cincta, Quoy, Voy. Astrol. 1832, N. Zealand [vot of Gould'] ;= L. luetuosa, F. W. Huiton, J. de C, 1877 [not- of Reeve]. 10 Chatham Islands ; ex c. Dr. F . Stoliczka. 35. Littorina antipodum. Littorina antipodum, Philippi, Abb. II, 1847, N. Zealand [bem'] ,= L. luetuosa. Reeve, 1865, N. Zealand ;=L. diemenensis, Rutton, L c. \_not of Quoy]. 15 New Zealand; ex c. Asiat. Soc. Bengal and Dr. P, Stoliczka [13, 7|]. Profs. V. Martens and Hutton do not appear to have noticed this form, so admirably represented by Philippi. In colora- tion it much resembles L. diemeneyisis and has been confounded with it by some authors ? The shape is quite different, the spire being more elongately produced, &c. In some respects it also resembles Reeve's figure of L. Icevis. It is smoother and more regularly pyramidical, &c., than the preceding. 36. Littorina undulata. Littorina \xiiidiv\^t2i. Gray, Zool. Beechey's Voy. 1839, Sab.?, "smooth"; from New Caledonia, fide Fischer, and from Aru, fide T.~ Cavefri, 100 Ceylon, Nicobars, Andamans, Penang, Arakan, Laccadives, and Madras ; coll. R. C. Temple, F. Stoliczka, and G. Nevill, Esqrs. 1 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blaniord, Esq. 10 N. Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. subvar. contract a. 20 Andamans; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. The subangulation of two or three of these specimens is almost obsolete and may connect the form with L. columna, Philippi, Abb., PI. VI, fig. 15, Loc. ? 1^4 LITTORINID-Sl. var. suleatula [? L. sulcatula, n. sp.]. Reeve, fig. 67 A, as L. undulata, var. 5 Ascension Island, Pacific ; coll. H. Pease, Esq. 37. Littorina neweombi. Littorina neweombi, Reeve, Iconica, fig. 28, 1857, Sandivich Islands ; var, =L. ambigua, Reeve, fig. 64 [^not of PhiUppi = L. intermedia]. 6 Sandwich Islands ; coll. H. Pease, Esq. Fi seller records the species from New Caledonia, but I should imagine this form would rather be a variety of L. intermedia, if indeed the two species can be kept apart ? Yon Martens ia the Donum Bism. considered L. ambigua as a synonym of L. pintado ; this can hardly be the case. Reeve, fig. 64, as L. ambigua, PMUppi, Sandwich Islands. 10 Sandwich Isl. ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb. 38. Littorina varia. Littorina varia, Sowerby, Genera of Shells, 1823, fig. 4, Panama, 10 Panama ; coll. Profs. W. Newcomb and E. C. Stearns. 39. Littorina fasciata. Littorina fasciata, G-ray, Zool., Beechey's Voy., 1839, Peru. 10 Panama; coll. Profs. W. Newcomb and E. C. Stearus. 40. Littorina angulifera. Phasianella angulifera, Lamarck, Sisf. Vlly 1822^ Antilles s-^L. scahra. Orb. [not of Lin.'] ; sect. Littorinopsis, 10 Florida ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns. 4 Panama; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb. 1 Guadaloupe ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb. LITTORINID^. 145 There is no figure, in either Philippi or Reeve, that at all well represents any of these specimens. 41. Littorina scabra. Helix scabra, LinncBUs, Syst, Nat. X, 1756, Sab. ? ; from Madagascar, Jide Mts.; from Am, fide T. — Canefri, 2 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [26|,15J]. A beautiful form with nninterrupted " flames," resembling in this respect Philippi's figs. 14 and 15 [L. anguUfera, var]. 1 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank. A most remarkable, tnrriculate specimen, perhaps abnormal ! Long. 29, diam. 16| mil. ; anfr. 7. 6 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. subvar. fiammulata. Thilippi, Abh. II, 1847, pi. V, fig. 3, Philippines and Singapore; Eeeve, figs. 21 B. and C. 50 Seycbelles [36L 22|], Andamans [24, 18], Mauritius, Maldives, Singapore, Ceylon, Nicobars ; coll. F. Stoliczka, J. Wood-Mason, and G. Nevill, Esqrs. A small form, with distended, slightly patulous aperture, I take to be the male ? 6 Kingsmill Island [Pacific 0.] ; coll. H. Pease, Esq. subvar. punctata. Philippi, I. c.fig. 5, Philippines and Singapore; ? = var. articulata, Philippi, I. c.fig. 4, Philippines, Sfc, 32 Bombay, Seychelles, Ceylon, Andamans, and Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 1 China ; ex c. Prof, W. Newcomb. 3 Manila ; coll. H. Huiigerford, Esq. K 146 LITTORINID^. subvar. lutea, Vhilippi, I. c, fig. 11 [not 6], Philippines, and Canton ; = var. sufuralis, Phi* lippi,l.c.Jig.lO\not 7'}; = var. rubra, Philippi, I. c, for Chemnitz* fig. 2075, Canton and PJdlippines. 3 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq, 1 Katchall, Nicobars ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq. All young, indifferent specimens ; they may not be L. scahra at all. subvar. tenuiSj nov. 12 Arakan; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq. Remarkably thin, spire rather short, last whorl ventricose, with keel not much developed, aperture unusually large ; occasionally has some varices behind the peristome. Long. 31, diam. 22 mil. 42. Littorina intermedia. Littorina intermedia, Pliillppi, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845, and Abb., pi. V, figs. 6 — 9 \_not8to ii] ; Red Sea, Natal, Australia, Philippines, Tahiti, Elizabeth Island, and Mergui ; Reeve, fig. 101 [" tgpe "] ; Madagascar, fide Martens ; Suez, fide Mc Andrew. 6 Navigators' Islands and Kingsmill Group ; coll. H. Pease, Esq., and Dr. C. E. Tonnerre. 100 Andamans, Nicobars and Maldives [26f, IVI !], Ceylon, Kathiawar, Singapore, Arakan, and Penang; coll. F. Stoliczka, J. Wood-Mason, G. Nevill, and F. Fedden, Esqrs., and ex c. Asiatic Soc. Bengal. 2 Cape; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. [in bad condition]. 4 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. var. strigata. Littorina intermedia, var. strigata, Philippi, Abb. pi. V, figs. 7-9, Mergui [not L. strigata, Lischkel. 12 Nagasaki j coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. [13i 8f J. Only differs from the Indian Ocean form by the columella being throughout stained of a dull purple colour, instead of being' white with a brown edging. LITTORINIDiE. 147 100 Port Canning, Penang, Singapore, Rangoon, Amlierst and Akyab ; coll. H. F. Blanford, J. Dodgson, F. Stoliczka, and G. Nevill, Esqrs. Some marked male and some female by Dr. Stoliczka. I can see no difference ! 15 Bombay ; coll. Rev. Fairbank, and W. T. Blanford, Esq. 6 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. These last a slightly different form. var. sinensis. Littorina sinensis, Philippi, Abb. II, 1847, pi. VI, Jig. 23, China; subvar.= L. strigata, Lischlce, Nov. Conch. Sup. Ill, 1870, Nagasaki, long. 9^ diam, 6 mil. 3 Hongkong; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. [8i, 5|]. 10 Anmungkang [Formosa] ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. The L. [Melaraphe] hlanfordi, Dunker, Malac. Blat., 1871, Rockhampton, long. 12, diam. 8 mil., is apparently a close ally? 43. Littorina arboricola. Littorina arboricola, Eeeve, Icon., fig. 27, 1857, Singapore. 20 Andamans ; eoU. Colonel E. S. Berkeley, and F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq. A smaller form than the type, somewhat approaching some varieties of Littorina conica, Phil., and equally variably and prettily coloured ; the spiral sculpture rather less developed. 5 Singapore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. T am very loath to adopt this species as distinct ; the differ- ences from L. scahra are evident at a glance ; L. pallescenfif Phil, and L. philippiana, Reeve, are the nearest I know ; the more convex whorls, thinner substance, absence of keel at the periphery, and the rather peculiarly " excavately appressed " columella seem, however, characteristic ! In size and color- ation all five of the above resemble the type. Long. 18 J, diam. llf mil. 148 LlTTORINIDiE. var. philippiana. Littorina philippiana, Eeeve, Iconica, Jiff. 22, Philippines ; also jig. 21 A ("Z. scahra") 4 Manila; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. Long. 19, diam. 11 mil. Of uniform yellow coloration, resembling Reeve, fig. 21 A, but sculpture more distinct. 2 Port Curtis ; coll. Dr. J. C. Cox. A rather larger form tban the preceding, long. 24, diam. 15, of equally thin texture. Fischer records L. philijijpiana from New Caledonia. 44. Littorina pallescens. Littorina pallescens, Fhilippi, JP. Zool. S., 1845, Philippines ;? var. = L, sieholdii, Philippi, 1845, from Japan; var. = L. scabra, Reeve (pars) and L. intermedia, Fhil. (pars). 5 Kingsmill Group; coll. H. Pease, Esq. One only of these five has the four raised keels, the others closely resemble the Singapore specimens, also Reeve's fig. 21 A, and Philippi, pi. V, figs. 10-11. 5 Navigators' Islands [Pacific] ; ex c. Asiatic Soc, Bengal. P var. erronea. FMlippi^pl. V, Jiffs. 10-11, as L. intermedia, var. s Reeve, Jig. 21 A as L» scahra, var, 4 Singapore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka [28^ 16]. Mr. H. F. Blanford also possesses a fine series of this form ; the sculpture is variable, sometimes as in the figures quoted, but oftener more developed, much as in Reeve's fig. 22. 45. Littorina filosa. Littorina filosa, Sowerly, Genera of Shells, 1820-4, " S. America "; var. = L. cingulata, Philippi, P. Zool. S., 1845, N. Australia; subv, i — L* sulculosa, Philippi, I. c, N. Australia. 1 Tahiti; ex c. Mus. Godeffroy. The exact image of Sowerby's type figure ! LTTTORINTDJ!. ]49 var. subcingulata, nov. Distinguished from L. scahra and all its allies by the rounded thin columella which is not in the least thickened or appressed ; the coloration is much as in L. scahra var. punctata, Phil. ; the^ spiral ribbing more numerous and less raised than in typical L. filosa. Long. 17, diam. 10 mil. 5 Port Jackson; ox c. Dr, J. C. Cox and British Museum. Sent by both as L. scahra. 46. Littorina conica. Littorina conica, PMlippi, P. Zool. S., 1845, Merqui {Burma) and Java, and Abb. pi. VI, Jig. 1 — 2 ; fide Reeve from Japan [? erron.~\, 2 Port Canning; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. (17f, 11). Agree exactly with original figures ; Mr. H. F. Blanford also possesses four, probably typical (?) specimens from Tenas- serim [Mergui ?]. var. delicatula, nov. 30 Port Canning and False Point (Bengal) ; coll. Colonel G. B. M waring, G. Nevill, Esq., and Dr, F. Stoliczka. ain Perhaps the most beautiful marine shell, when living, that I have ever seen. The colours fade terribly after death; it is most difficult to get perfect specimens and it appears to be remarkably local. The variety can be distinguished by its extreme fragility, by the much less developed peripheral keel, less obsolete sculpture, and especially by the more rounded columellar margin at base; it varies wonderfully in colour, from a beautiful rose to the typical straw colour, oftentimes marbled or striped. I had separated the above from the following specimens as a distinct sub- variety, when I found two tubes in Dr. Stoliczka's collection, marked " $ and $ " ; that marked ? contained six of the preceding and one of the fol- lowing specimens [the last probably inserted erroneously ?] ; the other tube marked J contained eight, all of the following form! 150 LITTORINIDJJ. Here perhaps is an explanation of some of the differences in allied forms ? Can, for instance, my Singapore specimens catalogued as L. pallescens var. erronea, and those as L. arhori' cola var. philippiana, be the different sexes of one species ? Long. 16, diam. OyV mil. [Generally a little smaller.] The differences from the typical form are probably due to my var. delicatula living in slightly brackish water ? Reeve's L. tenuis from the Philippines seems to be an allied form ? 20 Port Canning' and False Point ; coll. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring, Dr. F. Stoliczka, J. Wood-Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs. Of equally fragile texture, but easily distinguished from the female form by the less produced spire, even less developed keel at periphery, and especially by the conspicuously distended aperture and rounded columellar margin at base ; several speci- mens have one or two varices behind the peristome, which is occasionally " subduplex." The coloration is, if possible, even more beautiful and variable ! Long. 14, diam. 8^ mil. Gibbons, Q. J. Con. 1878, p. 339, states that specimens of Lit, intermedia and angulifera become less solid as the water in which they live is less salt ; I am not sure that this applies to the form under consideration as immediately associated with my var. delicatula, may be found normally solid Lit. inter- media and the very thick-shelled Lit. melanostoma. var. sub intermedia, nov. 10 Port Canning and False Point; coll. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring. Long. 15 J, diam, 9 mil. Most remarkable and interesting specimens, combining masy of the characters of L. interm,edia, Phil., with those of L. conica. Can they be a hybrid race ? The above are what I take to be the ? form. 8 Port Canning ; coll. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring. These are doubtless males. 47. Littorina albicans. Littorina albicans, Metcalfe, P. Zool. S., 1852, Borneo. 3 Loc. ? : ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. LITTOBINIDJE. 151 Agree well witli Reeve's fig. 44, only the characteristic suba- cute spiral striation is much more distinct. 48. Littorina melanostoma. Litforina melanostoma. Gray, Beechey's Voy. 1839, p. 140, Indian Ocean ; Seychelles, fide Mts.; Java, Mergui, and Ceylon, fide Phil. ; Singapore and Borneo, fide Reeve. 10 Port Canning; coll. Dr. F. StoHzka (marked " $"). 5 Port Canning ; coll. Dr. P. Stoliczka (marked " $ "). I can trace no difference whatever, except it be that the female form seems a little larger. 20 Port Canning, Akyab, False Point, Masulipatam, and Amherst ; coll. J. Wood-Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs., and Colonel G. b! Mainwaring. var. articulata. 5 Hongkong; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. Long. 12, diam. 6J mil. A small form, with articulate brown spots, instead of more or less undulating longitudinal stripes, sent me as only found in one spot, and rare there. 49. Littorina carinifera. Phasianella carinif era, MenJce, Syn. 11,1830, Eal. h, fide Philippi, from Java, China, Philippines and = L, perdix. King, 1831 ; fide Reeve, from BorneOf S(c. 24 Andamans and Nicobars ; coll. F. Stoliczka and J. Wood-Mason, Esqrs. 12 Bombay and Arakan; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank and H. F. Bl'anford* Esq. ' subvar. pyramidalis. 4 Bombay and Java (?) ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank and ex c. Madras Museum. var. Isevior. Long. 16, diam. 10 J mil. 12 Penang and Singapore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 152 LITTORINIDJE. 50. Littorina ventricosa. Littorina ventricosa, FUlippi, Abh. Ill, pi. VI, Jig. W, 1851, Fenang ; var. ==L. subgranosa, Frauenfeld, \_fars] ; var. 1=L. granularis. Gray. 1 Bombay [10^, 7f] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 4 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 50 Arakiin, Andamans and Penang ; coll. R. Hungerford, F. Stoliczka, R. C. Temple, and G. Nevill, Esqrs. PMlippi's figure is unmistakeable, whereas Reeve's, fig. 93, is very indifferent. The sculpture is very variable, occasionally unusually developed. Mr. Smith, P. Zool., S. 1878, appears to consider this Andaman form as L. ventricosa and compares it with his L. melanacnie and L. novae-zelandice. var. subgranosa. Melaraphe subgranosa, von Frauenfeld, Novara-Reise, pi. 7, fig. 10 [not A. -B.] from Madras ; ?=L. granularis, Gray, Beecheg's Voy., 1839, N. Australia and of Reeve, fig. 68. 6 Andamans ; coll. Captain R. C Temple. 7 Irawady Delta; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 1 Galle Harbour ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. Long. 9, diato. [vix] 8 mil. This form, exactly represented by Frauenf eld's fig. c, of coarser sculpture than the type, is un- doubtedly only a var. of L. ventricosa; if it prove to be Gray's species, as I expect it will, this latter name will have priority. The specimen, from the same province of Ceylon as the next form, L. novcB.zelandioe, has induced me to believe the latter a distinct species ? I can perceive, however, no difference except that oi sculpture, and the shorter, more ventricose form of L. ventricosa and its var. suhgranularis, both characters very variable in this species. 51. Littorina erronea, n. sp. Littorina novae -zelandise. Reeve, 1857, N. Zealand. 10 Balapiti, Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Long. 13, diam. lOf mil. I am convinced this species was never found in New Zealand. Prof. F. W. Hutton in 1878 records that he had never seen specimens. As to the localities of Reeve and von Frauenfeld LITTORINIDJ!. 153 [Auckland], they are utterly without value in my eyes ; the latter's specimens probably came from Madras ? The above recorded specimens are a constantly much smoother form than L. ventricosa, with even less marked coloration and distinctly more produced spire in all cases, though this last is a variable character in both species. E. A. Smith describes a closely allied, but more compressed form, from the Solomon Islands, as L. melanacme, P. Linn. Soc. XII, 1876, pi. XXX, fig. 21 ; this may be the L. novce-z eland ice of Fischer from New Cale- donia ? 52. Littorina reticulata. Littorina reticulata, Anton, Verz, Conch., p. 53, Sah. ? and Philippi, Ahh, pi. IV, fig. 12; ?=L. granocostata, Reeve, 1857, fig. 79, Brisbane; Mascarene Islands, fide Martens. 7 Praslin Islands, Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. I took this distinct little species alive at one spot on Praslin, and never saw it elsewhere from these seas, unless the Andaman specimens, quoted below, should prove to belong to it. My specimens agree exactly with Reeve's figure and description. Long. 7, diam. 6 mil. 53. Littorina millegrana. Littorina millegrana, PMlippi, Abb. Ill, 1850, pi. VII, fig. 15, Red Sea ; Suez, fide McAndrew. 5 Mesbek [Persian Gulf] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. Not in a satisfactory condition, 2 Aden; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [8^ 6|]. var. einerea. Littorina einerea, Pease, Amer. Journ. Conch. IV, 1870, pi. VIII, fig. 14, Marquesas ; alt, 7, diam. 51 mil. 10 Balapiti, Ceylon; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. These agree exactly with Pease's above-quoted figure, the spire is relatively higher than in Philippi's figure; the species is a connecting link with the Sub-Genus Tectarius ; H. and A. Adams indeed considered it a species of that Genus.' 154 LTTTORINIDj;. Long. 10|, diam. 8| mil. 2 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [7|, 5]. 3 Tahiti ; ex Mus. Godeffroy. 10 Andamans; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. Unfortunately these last are not quite adult ; apparently the sculpture of this species at the Andamans is most variable. Some have the characteristic, longitudinal, undulating furrows of L. granocostata. 54. Littorina miliaris. Littorina mWiarh, Quot/, 1832, pi. 33, figs. 16-19, " lie de l' Ascension" [Pacific'], long. 6^, diam. 4 mil.; ? var.^:=Lit. nodosa, Gray, BeecTiey's Voy. 1839, ]^. coast of Australia [not FMlippi, pi. Ill, figs, 6-7 ?] ; ?=zLit. exigua. Bunker, Fauna Japonica, 1861, pi. II, fig. 3; ? worn var.^=L. leucosticta, Philippi, pi. Ill, fig. 11, Locality ? ; ? var.= Lit. subnodosa, Philippi, Red Sea. 2 Madagascar j coll. J. Caldwell, Esq. 3 Nagasaki ; coll. R. Hnngerford, Esq. 12 Hongkong; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. Long. 10, diam. 8 mil. Very variable as regards sculpture, sometimes only spirally striate, occasionally more or less dis- tinctly granulose ; it can always be easily distinguished from L. ve7itricosa, which lives with it, by being always angulate at the base of the aperture, instead of rounded. It is a larger, coarser variety than the Ceylon form, and may be specifically distinct ; it can be easily distinguished by the more regular spiral sculp- ture and its sombre coloration, wanting the characteristic black and white " filleted " bands [as seen also in Philippi's fig. of L. leucosticta] ; it is as much like Philippi's figure of L. subnodosa as that he gives of L. nodosa, Gray. Reeve's fig. 13 of L. nodosa fairly represents some of the Hongkong specimens. var. fijiensis. Littorina fijiensis, Seeve, Icon. 1857 ; emend. Martens in Donum Bism, as L. vitiensis. 2 Tahiti; coll. H. Pease, Esq. [sent as "L. fijiensis"]. Undoubtedly, I think, not specifically separable from the pre- ceding. It can scarcely be the L. vitensis of Dunker, Malac„ Blat. 1871, Fiji Isl., long. 10, diam. 7 mil. ? LITTORINIDJl. 155 var. subgranosa. Littovina subgranosa, von, Frauenfeld \_pars]y Novara Reise, pi. I, Jig, 10 A and B [not C], Madras. 8 Galle ; ex c. Asiatic Soc, Bengal. Agree with Philippi's PI. Ill, fig. 11. 40 Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. The largest specimen measures, long. 11, diam. 7| mil. 20 Akyab and Irawady Delta ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq., and Dr. F. Stoliczka. These agree well with the above-quoted figs. A and B. of v. Frauenfeld. 2 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. These last are a small form; they can scarcely be the L. suhnodosa of Philippi, McAndrew, &c., said to be from the Red Sea? Sub-Genus TECTUS, Montfort. Con. St/st. II, 1810, type Turlo pagodiis, Lin. ; = Pagodus, Gray, Beechey*s Voy. 1839, type T. pagodus, Lin. ; = Pagodella, Stcainson, 1840, type P. major, Martyn, fig. 1541-2 ', fide Morch, Malae. Plat. 1876 = Ecki- nella, Sioainson. There is a Tectus montrotmeri, Fischer, 1878, from JS". Cale- donia, the generic classification of which, however, seems to me very doubtful ; it possesses a distinct tooth on the columellar margin. Issel has figured a Tectaria armata from tbe Gulf of Suez. 55. Littorina (Tectus) pagodus. Turbo pagodus, Linnceus, Syst. Nat. X, 1758, p. 762, 0. asiatico ; Zanzilart fide Cuming [?], N. Ireland, fide Quoy, Amhoina,fide Rumphius. 3 Torres Straits ; ex c. G. Nevill, Es(j., and Dr. Cox. 56. Littorina (Tectus) muricata. Turbo muricatus, Linnceus, Syst. Nat. X, 1758, Jamaica. 12 Florida Keys and Gulf of Mexico; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns and J. Lea, Esq. [As. Soc, Beng.] 8 S. Domingo; coll. Prof. W, Newcomb. 156 LITTORINID^. 57. Littorina (Tectus) pyramidalis. Littorina pyramidalis, Quoy, Voy. Astrol., 1832, pi. XXXIII, figs. 12, 15, N. Zealand. 4 Australia; ex c. Asiatic Soc, Bengal (coll. Strange). 6 Port Jackson; cull. Dr. J. C. Cox. var. vilis. Littorina vilis, MenTce, Phil. Abb., pi. II, fig. 21, 1847, Rah. ?; Reeve, fig. 12, from N. Zealand. Unfortunately one or two of Dr. Stoliczka's cabinet-trays had got mixed before they came under my charge. 5 Nukahiva [?] ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka [13, 9]. 58. Littorina (Tectus) tuberculata. Littorina tuberculata, MenTce, Syn. Ed, I, 1826 ; = L. trochiformis, " Dillwyn", PUl. Abb., pi. II, fig. 12. 2 Guadaloupe ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb. 59. Littorina (Tectus) dilatata. Littorina dilatata, d'Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, 1841 ; fide Morch, ? var. of L. tuberculata. 2 Cuba; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb. This seems to me only a variety of the preceding. 60. Littorina (Tectus) armata. Tectaria armata, Issel, Malac. Mar Eosso, 1869, Suez. 4 Gwadar and Henjam (Persian Gulf) ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 61. Littorina (Tectus) troehoides. Littorina troehoides. Gray, Beechey's Voy., 1839 (N. Australia?); L. malaccana, Phil. Abb., p(. VI, fig. 17, 1851, Penang ; ? = L. natalensis, Krauss, PUlippi, pi. HI, fig > 4, Natal. 12 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 100 Andanians, Aden, Persian Gulf, Annesley Bay, Arakan, Bombay, Madras, Ceylon, and Bombay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, F, Stoliczka, and G. Nevill, Esqrs. 4 Marquesas ; coll. H. Pease, Esq. (as " L. troehoides"). littorinidj:. 157 These last agree well with Indian Ocean specimens ; they measure — long. 12|, diam. 8 mil. ; the sculpture oftentimes becomes subobsolete, and the length of the spire varies in specimens from the same locality. Sub-Genus EGHINELLA, Swainson. Treat. Malac, 1840, type IE. coronaria, Lamarck. 62. Littorina (Eehinella) cumingi. Trochus cumingi, Philippi, P. Zool. S., 1845, Guimaras {erron. ?). 3 Roratonga ; coll. H. Pease, Esq. 63. Littorina (Eehinella) coronaria [?] Monodonta coronaria, Lamarck, Hist., 1822, Sab. f ; Lord Sood's Island, Jide Cuming ; Hervey Island, in Cat. Mus. Godeffroy. 5 Roratonga ; coll. H. Pease, Esq., and Asiatic Soc, Bengal. These all agree best with Philippi's figures 2 and 6 of PI. II, said to be L. bullata, Martyn, from N. Zealand [_=L. papillosa, Lam.] ; I preserve as above, however, the name under which they were sent me by Mr. Pease ; from von Marten's remarks in the Donum Bism., the distinctiveness of the two forms appears to be very doubtful. Philippi gives as localities for L. bullata Zanzibar and Swan Point [Australia]. Genus LIMXOTROCHUS, E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. 1880, type L. JcirJci, Smith. E. A. Smith describes the operculum of Limn. tJiomsoni as" horny, paucispiral and littorinoid. " 1. Limnotrochus kirkii. Liuinotrochus kirkii, S. A. Smith, Ann. Mag., 1880, Lake Tanganyika, 1 Lake Tanganyika [typical] ; ex Mr. Damon. Genus PLESIOTROCHUS, Fischer. J. de C, 1878, iype P, souverbianut, Fischer {loyalty /.]. 158 LITTORINIDJJ. Very probably belongs to the Lltiojjince, near Alaba^ Dlalaj &c. 1. Plesiotrochus, n. sp. An interesting form, of this very distinct new Grenus wTiicb I have for several years intended to describe. The whorls are characteristically concave. 10 Maurithis ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 1 Audamaus; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 2. Plesiotrochus [?] n. sp. 2 Persian Gulf ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. Sub-family FOSSABIN^, Stoliczka. Genus RISELLA, Graij, Syn. Brit. Mus. 1S40, type Trochus melanostoma, Qm. ; ^Bemhiciumy Fhilippi, Zeits. Malac. Ill, 1845. 1. Risella plana. Trochus plana, Quoy, Toy. Astrol. 1832, " Port Western'' Bass's Strait ; =Littorina australis. Gray, Beechey's Voy. 1839; var.=R. grisea, Fhil., Zeits. Mai. 1851, Hah. 1 7 Australia; ex c. Asiat. Soc, Bengal [coll. Strange]. 4 South Australia ; ex c. British Museum and Miss Pelly. Agree with figure, in Conch. Cab. II, of JB. grisea, Phil. 1 Port Mactay ; ex Mus. Godeffroy [as " var. jff., Crosse "]. 30 Port Jackson ; coll. Dr. J. C. Cox and G. Nevill, Esq. 2. Risella imbrioata. Littorina imbricata, Oray, Beechey's Voy., 1839 [_sine Hab.] ; = Risella Melmannseggi, Frauenfeld, 1866, N. Zealand. 1 Australia j ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. LITTORINID^, 159 3. Risella nana. Trochus nana, LamarcJc, Bist. 1822, Australia ; ^= Bembicium picttim, Phil. Zeits. Mai., 1846, Van Diemau's Land, fide Phil. = R. nana Quoy [not Lam.']. 4 Tasmania ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. 4. Eisella lutea. Trochus luteus, Qmo?/, Voy. Astrol.1832, " Port du Ji oi- George " ; =zTrochus cicatrosus, Jonas, Phil. Abb. 1843, Port Western. The E/ev. Tenison- Woods considers this species as a sexual variety of E. plana. 30 Pt. Jackson and Moreton Bay ,• coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Sub-Genus PEASIELLA, nov, Typ^, Trochus tantillus, Gould. E. A. Smith in the Journal, Linnaean Soc, XII, 1876, p. 552, describes the operculum of R. tantilla as " truly appertaining " to the Family Trochidcs, being concentric and multispiral, but that for other reasons he considers it should be located with the Grenus Risella. A species from the Loyalty Islands has been described by Montrouzier, J. de C, 1879, as " Echinella gaidei, long. 3|, diam. 4| mil." ; apparently this must be a close ally of the Andaman form. I have named this new group in honour of the late Harper Pease, Esq. ; it is easily distinguished by the perforate or umbilicate base, &c. 5. Risella [Peasiella] tantillus. Trochus tantillus, Gould, P. Bost., S. Ill, 1849, Sandwich Islands. 20 Sandwich Islands; coll. H. Pease, Esq., Dr. H. Dohrn, and Prof. W. Newcomb. var. parvula. Eisella jparvula, Dunker, Cat. Mus. Godef. IV, 1869, Samoa. 1 Samoa ; ex Mus. Godeffroy. 160 LITTORINID^. Judging from this single specimen, a very distinct small form. Sub-tuberculate above, striate [instead of sulcate] below. Perhaps the form described by Smith, 1. c, as found by Brazier at the Marshall Islands. var. [? dist. sp.]. Long. 3, diam. 2| mil. Differs from the Arakan form of It. isseli by the still narrower perforation, more convex base, with more regular and more numerous spiral sulcations. 8 Cherboniane Reef ; coll. Dr. J, Armstrong. 2 Mauritius ; ex c. Dr. F. Stolizcka [in bad condition ; identification doubtful]. var. subinfracostata [? dist. sp.]. Probably distinct; the specimens have their opercula, but are perhaps not quite adult ? Descr. de I'Egypte, PI. Y, fig. 40, gives a good idea of them. It is perhaps rather a var. of that species, R. infracostata, Issel ? 3 Nicobar Islands ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 6. Eisella [Peasiella] conoidalis. Trochus conoidalis. Pease, Amer. Journ. Conch. Ill, 1867, Faumotus; alt. 5, diam. 4 mil. 3 Paumotus [typical] ; coll. H. Pease, Esq. 1. Risella [Peasiella] infracostata. Eisella infracostata, Issel, Malac. Mar Mosso, 1864, Suez and Besc. de VEgypte, pL V, fig. 40. 6 Massaua ; coll. Prof. A. Issel. Sent me as " Trocli. sismondoe, Iss.", probably a lapsus calami ? I am inclined to believe it can only be separated from the following as a variety ; my Aden specimens seem a fairly intermediate form. 8. Risella [Peasiella] isseli. Risella isseli, Semper, Issel, Malac. Mar Rosso, 1864, Suez and Zanzi- bar; Descr. de VUgypte, pi. V,fig. 35. LITTORINIDJ*:. 161 3 Muscat ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 7 Red Sea ; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn. 5 Roweiah and Adeu ; coll. J. B. Baxter and G. Nevill, Esqrs. An intermediate form, as to sculpture, between the two figures in Descr. de I'Egjpte. 9. Eisella [Peasiella] roepstorflB.ana, n. sp. 20 Arakau ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Uniform yellow coloration throughout ; very small umbili- cus ; nearly smooth above, never subimbricate at the sutures, only very rarely slightly undulately " waved " at the periphery. 10 Andamans ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq. Alt. 2f, diam. 3} mil. 10 Mergui ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. 5 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. ** Lives on rocks, about high- water mark ! " The narrow umbilicus resembles that of Red Sea specimens. Two of them possess a basal dark zone, as in B. tem^liana var. nigro- fasciata, Not subimbricate. 10. Eisella [Peasiella] templiana, n. sp. Exceedingly variable in coloration and sculpture ; seems, however, to be constantly distinguished from the preceding forms by its considerably more open umbilicus, constantly stained of a rich chesnut ; the columella seems to be more distinctly thickened and is of the same colour ; the form I take for my type is evenly, spirally striate above, striation more or less obsolete on the apical two or three whorls ; aperture of a uniform saffron yellow within ; no subimbrication, or peculiar sculpture of any sort, at the suture ; three or four deeply excavated spiral sulca- tions at base. Long. 3|, diam. 4 mil. 12 Andamans [type] ; coll. Capt. R. C. Temple. var. nigrofasciata. The interior of the aperture shows two dark-brown bands, one quite close to the suture, the other quite at its base ; a rather broad, dark-coloured band also round the base, just below 162 littorinidj:. the suture ; undulately " waved " or subimbricate at the suture, as in Descr. de I'Egypte, PI. Y, fig. 35, wMcli indeed gives perhaps a better idea of this Andaman species than of the Red Sea form ; intermediate forms will probably occur to connect the two ? 4 Andamans ; coll. Capt. R. C. Temple, var. subimbricata. With the uniform yellowish coloration of the typical form and the peculiar subimbricate sculpture at the sutures and periphery of the preceding variety. 6 Andamans ; coll. Capt. R. C. Temple. 11. Risella [Peasiella], n. sp. 1 Muscat J coll. W. T. Blauf ord, Esq. A very small form, with peculiar, perfectly flattened spire ; below the acute periphery there is a deep and broad sulcation, the rest of the base appearing smooth, though under the lens a minute striation can be detected. The umbilical perforation is very small. Genus PHANETA, B. Adams. P. Zool. S. 1870, type P. everetti, H. Adams ISiniwar Rv., Borneo']. The correct classification of this Genus appears to be stjll very doubtful. Phaneta is not as yet represented in the Museum. Genus FOSSAR, Gray. 8yn. Brit. Mus. 1840, type Helix amhigua, Lin. ;=Fossarus, PMlippi, 1841 ; sect.^ Clatkrella, Becluz, J. de C, XII, 1864, types Foss. cosfatus, Brocchi, and Foss. minutus, MicJiaud. A. Adams figured a Fossar hicarinatus in the P. Z. S. for 1853 from the Red Sea ; he describes the operculum as " horny, oval and subspiral." 1. Fossar ambiguus. Helix ambigua, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. 1758, Mediterranean ;=" le Fossar,'' Adanson, 1757, Senegal ;=rFossarus adansonii, Becluz [? not of Phil.'] LITTORINIDJ]. 163 6 Algiers ; coll. P. Joly, Esq. 1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams "]. 8 Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 4 Andamans [juv.] j coll. G. Nevill, Esq., and Captain R. C. Temple. This is, T believe, one of tlie very few moUusks common to the European and Indian Seas ; I cannot separate the two forms even as varieties ! A. Adams records F. costatuSj Brocchi, from the Mediterranean and China Seas ; but F. ambiguus from Senegal only. 2. Fossar tornatilis. Fossarus tornatilis, Gould, F. Bost. S. 1859, KongTcong, at lOfths. — axis 5, diam. 4 mil. ;=F. stolizkanus, Nevill, J. As. Soc. Bengal, 1871, Ceylon, and Bombay, long, d|, diam. 5| mil. s=F. Japonicus, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. 1861. 1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [" coll. A. Adams" as " F.japonictis"']. 5 Bombay | typical F. stoUczJcanus'] ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank. 1 Gwadar [with operculum) ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 14 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. Fide A. Adams, P. Z. S.1863, should be Nerita costata, Broc, a European species. Fischer, J. de C, 1864, separates the two forms. My brother also possesses the species from Ceylon. 3. Fossar trochlearis. Fossar trocMearis, A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1853, p. 187, Philippines ; from Japan and Pegu, op. cit., 1863 ; fide McArthur, Suez. 1 Japan ; ex Mi-. Damon [" coll. A. Adams"]. 40 Andamans, Arakan, Muscat, Bombay and Ceylon ; coll. F. Stoliczka, W. T. Blanford, J. Wood-Mason, and G. Nevill, Esqrs. Lives on large oyster shells ! 1 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 4. [?] Fossar, n. sp. . 1 Arakan ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Very likely a species of Vanihoro ; unfortunately it is m very bad condition. It bears some resemblance to F. reticu- latuSf but is covered with very peculiar tubercles, &c., &c. 164 LITTORJNIDJ!. 5. Possar, n. sp. 1 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanf ord, Esq. Two prominent raised keels on tlie last wliorl, witli minute, very claaracteristic, spiral striation in the interstices, &c., narroTvly rimate only. 6. Fossar, sp. 1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon (coll. A. Adams). Labelled " F. bicarinatus, A. Adams." This specimen, with three keels on the last whorl, seems to me not adult ; it is certainly not F. bicarinatus, A. Ad., P. Zool. S. 1863, Bed Sea, which A, Adams does not record in his List of the Fossaridce, P. Z. S. 1863, probably because the Red Sea species is a Separatista, and not a Fossar at all. 7. [?] Possar, n. sp. 3 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. In very bad condition ; perhaps a sp. of Conradia ? var. (? dist. sp.) 1 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. Also in very bad condition. 8. Fossar fenestratus. Fossar fenestratus, A. Adams, P. Zool. S., 1868, Osima (Japan). 1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon (coll. A. Adams — Long, 3^, diam. 3i mil.) 1 Penang ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka, Agrees exactly with the preceding specimen. 9. Possar garretti [?]. Fossar garrettli, Pease, Amer. Journ., Conch. IV., 1868, for " Adeorbis costata", Garrett, P. Calif. Acad. 1857, p. 103 {Polynesia, Pease). 1 Log. ? ; ex Mr. Damon. LITTORTNIDJ}. 165 Sent as F. sandwichensis. Possibly it may be F. multi- costaUis, Pease, P. Zool. S. 1860, from tlie Sandwich Islands ? Long. 3|, diam. 4 mil. 10. Fossar, sp. 1 Locality ? ; ex o. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring. 11. Possar, n. sp. 1 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank. Long. 3 J, diam. 2 mil. Like tbe preceding, but with raised spiral striation, instead of incised lines ; close to F. trochlearis but umbilicus less open and defined, sculpture finer, &c. 12. Fossar mirabilis, n. sp. 2 Arakan (type) ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Long. IJ, diam. [vix.] IJ mil. A most remarkable form of rather thin substance, of two whorls only ; spii^e not raised at all, completely hidden in front by the last whorl, which in shape resembles that of F. torna- tilis, it is girt with five acute and raised spiral keels, there being no transverse sculpture whatever ; umbilical region well defined ; peristome fimbriate. 13. (?) Fossar imperforatus, n. sp. 1 Penang (type) ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Long. 3f , diam. 2-J mil. Whorls 2J, spire scarcely raised, apex obtusely flattened ; longitudinally, flexuously, distantly ribbed ; ribs more or less obsolete, and towards the base, closely and coarsely spirally striated ; imperforate, of rather solid texture. Can scarcely be a sp. of Vanikoro. 14. Fossar, sp ? 2 Andamans ; coll. Captain R. C. Temple. 15. Fossar, sp ? 3 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 166 LITTORINID^. A form allied to, but distinct from, F. fenestratuSf A. Adams. Snb-gemis COUTEOUYIA, K. Adams. Ann. Mag., 1860, type C. decussata, A. Adams. A fossil species of Couthouyia is the Lacuna disjunda, Rainc. and Munier, 1863. 16. Fossar [Couthouyia] reticulatus. Fossar reticnlatns, A. Adams, P. Zool. 1853, p. 186, Singapore, p. XX, Jig. 13 ; from Japan, op. cit.1863 ; =F. insignis, G. ^ S. Nevill, J. As. Sac. Jieng., 1871, Ceylon, long, 6k, diam. 5 mil. The two nuclear whorls are smooth, and the other four more or less coarsely reticulate in this species. 12 Hongkong; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. [''at 10 fths."]. var. persoluta. 1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams; labelled " C. reticulata"']. The last whorl is considerably less ventricose and more "solute" than in the original figure of the Singapore type! Long. 5j, diam. 3 mil. var. delicatula. 2 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank. Rather smaller and of thinner texture; umbilicus a little less defined ; apparently, one or two fewer of the spiral ribs. 17. Fossar [Couthouyia] striatulus. Couthouyia striatula, A. Adams, F. Zool. S. 1863, Tolwlco {^Japan'], 25 fths. 1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adam3 — Long. 2|, diam. 1? mil.] 1 Arakan ; coll. Dr. Stoliczka. 18. Fossar [Couthouyia] decussatus. Couthouyia decussata, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. 1860, Mino-Sima. 1 Japan; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams], Long 2J, diam. 1 mil. LITTORINIDJl. 167 19.Fossar [Couthonyia] pliciferus. Couthouyia plicifera, A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1863, Yobuko (Japan). 1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams]. Long. 2, diam. 1 mil. 20. Fossar [Couthouyia] appressus, n. sp. 2 Larek and Tumb Island (Persian Gulf) j coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. A most beautiful and distinct form : long. 3, diam. 2 mil. Five whorls, tlie two nuclear ones smooth, the others minutely reticulate; a very prominent and characteristic raised keel below the suture of the last two whorls ; the shell is unusually thick, the outer margin of the aperture patulously distended and reflected ; the umbilical region widely but shallowly ex- cavated, bordered with a raised keel. 21. Fossar [Couthouyia] styliferinus, n. sp. Three nucleolar apical whorls, smooth and very remarkable, resembling somewhat those of Stylifer ; the other two whorls somewhat distantly spirally striate ; last whorl very large and ventricose in proportion, umbilicus large, well defined. Long. 3, diam. 2 mil. 1 Singapore (type) ; coll. C. J. Irving, Esq. I found this specimen on a sp. of Malleus. 1 Bombay j .coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank. var. [ ? dist. sp]. 3 Singapore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka (perhaps not quite adult ?) 22. Fossar [Couthouyia] solutus, n. sp. Five whorls, apical two smooth, the others somewhat coarsely spirally striate ; spire peculiarly attenuately pointed, pyramid- ical [not convex] ; last whorl contracted, thoroughly " solute" below.. Long, [vix] 3, diam. [vix] 2 mil. 1 Gwadar (Persian Gulf) ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 168 LITTORINID^. 23. Possar [Couthouyia] subreticulatus, n. sp. 4 Tumb Island, Gwadar [type] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 3 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank. Resembling F. reticulatus, but witb less developed umbilicus, fewer spiral ribs, &c ; three smootb nuclear whorls and three others cylindricallj pyramidical, the last one only being ventricose. Long. 3 J, diam. [vix] 2 mil. Genus CONRADIA, A. Adams. Ann. Mag. V, 1860, p. 409, type C. cinguUfera, A. Adams. A.Adams also described a C. tornata, P. Z, S. 1863, from Gotto. There is a fossil species described as Turho hayani, Bez. [1870]. 1. Conradia ciogulifera. Conradia cingulifera, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. V. 1860, Mino- Sima at 63fths. 1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams]. Long. 3 J, diam. 3 mil. 2. Conradia clathrata. Conradia clathrata, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. V. 1860, Korea Straits at 63 fths. ; = Fossarus adamsianus, Fischer, J. de C, XII, 1864, p. 259 (as it ie not the Fossarus clathratus, Philippi). 1 Japan : ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams], Long. 2|, diam, 2\ mil. 3. Conradia pulchella. Conradia pulchella, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. 1861, Tsu-Sima at 16 fths. and Gotto at 48 fths. 1 Japan; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams], Long. 1 j, diam. 1| mil. LITTORINIDiE. 169 4. Conradia stoliezkiana, n. sp. 30 Singapore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Long. 2J, diam. 2J mil. Of the usual " turbinate" shape, consisting of four whorls ; the apical two are smooth, the third has two prominent raised spiral keels, coarsely, nodosely reticulated ; the last whorl convexly ventricose, with eight spiral keels, nodosely granulated and with the interstices longitudinally striate ; umbilicus more open than in the Japan species, peristome slightly fimbriate. Dr. Hungerford has dredged a closely allied form at Hongkong. 5. Conradia adamsiana, n. sp. 1 Oman, Persian Gulf [type] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. Long. 1, diam, 1 mil. Turbinate, of 3J whorls, the apical ones smooth, the last but one with two raised spiral keels, the last with five. I can detect no longitudinal striation whatever, the interstices consequently appear to be quite smooth ; behind the peristome, which does not appear to be fimbriate, there are two conspicuous, thickened labial " varices"; the umbilicus open, much as in the preceding. Altogether a very distinct though so minate a form ! The Red Sea specimen, which though also in good condition is probably scarcely adult, agrees exactly with the ^type, except in want- ing the characteristic "labial varices" and in that the peris- tome is distinctly fimbriate ; it also shows no signs (under the lens) of any longitudinal or reticulate sculpture. Named in honour of the late Mr. Henry Adams. 1 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 6. Conradia doliaris. Conradia doliaris, A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1863, MososeM at 7 fths. 2 Japan (typical); ex c. H. Adams, Esq. Long. 3, diam. 2^^ mil. 1 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. var. minor, nov. 2 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank. 2 Tumb Isl, Persian G. ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 170 LITTORINIDiE. Long. 2J, diam. IJ mil. After a long and careful examination under a lens, I can detect no ditference whatever from the typical form, except its smaller size, possibly the last whorl is less ventricose and the aperture a trifle less everted ; sculpture precisely similar. Sub-aenus OOTTOINA, A. Adams. P. Zool. S. 1863, types G. sulcifera and pyrgula, A. Adams. 7. Conradia [Gottoina] pyrgula. Gottoina pyrgula, A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1863, Gotta, at 48ffh». 1 Japan ; ex c. H. Adams, Esq. Long. 2J, diam. 1 mil. Not impossibly a Eissoid, near Alvania ? 8. Conradia [Gottoina], n.sp. 1 Galle; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. ? Genus RAULINIA, Mayer. J. de C, 1864, type Tornatella alligata, Desh. {upper tertiary f ass.) Baulinia hadia, Tenison-Woods, P. Linn. Soc, 'N. S. W., Port Jackson (recent), is said to belong to this genus ? M. Mayer also believes that Littorina monodonttiy Desh. (chalk foss.), be- longs here. Not represented in the Museum. [?] Genus CITHNA, A. Adams. P. Zool. S. 1863, types C. globosa, and C. spirata, A. Ad., as a Sub-genus of Conradia. 1. Cithna globosa [?]. Citlma globosa, A. Adams, P. Zool. 8. 1863, Seto- UcU, S^c. 1 Japan ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. LITTORINIDJJ. 171 Labelled "0. spiralis, A. Adams"; it cannot possibly be G. spirata, but agrees fairly with the description of (7. glohosa. Long. 1, diam. 1 mil. 2. [?] Cithna, sp. 1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon (coll. A. Adams). Labelled " Cithna omjjliahtropis, A. Ad." A very doubtful little form. Perhaps a Bissoid, or Jeffrey sia ? 3. [?] Cithna, sp. 1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon (coll. A. Adams). Labelled " Cithna sinensis, A. Ad." The same applies to this ; it might also be a Styliferina ? 4. [?] Cithna, sp. 1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon (coll. A. Adams). Labelled " Cithna consolrina, A. Ad." Probably a Bissoid ? Grenus ISAPIS, K. and A. Adams. Gen. Moll. 1, 1864, type Narica anomala, C. IS. Adams {Jamaica). A. Adams has also described Isapis lirata [1860] and Isapis conoidea [1863] from Japan, and considers Naonca ovoidea, Gould, and Isajns maculosa of Carpenter, both from Mazaltan, as also belonging to this section. Genus EOS SARIN A, Adams and Angas. P. Zool. S. 1863, type F.patula, Adams and Angas. 1. Fossarina variegata. Fossarina Variegata, A. Adams (ubi?). 1 Japan (?) ; ex Mr. Damon (ex c. A. Adams). 2. Fossarina patula. Fossarina patula,^ A. Adams and Angas, P. Zool. S. 1863, Port Jackson, " under stones." 1 Australia (?) ; ex Mr. Damon (ex c. A. Adams). 172 LITTORINIDJE. 3. Fossarina picta. Fossarina picta, A. Adams, P. Zool. S., 1867, Japan, diam. 8, alt. 2\ mil. 2 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon (ex c. A. Adams). 4. Fossarina varia. Adeorbis varia, F. W. HuUon, Cat, Moll., Neio Zealand, 1873, Stewards and Chatham Islands. 6 Chatham Islands ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Sub-family LAGUNIN^, Stoliczka, Genus CREMjSTOCONCHUS, W. T. Blanford. Ann. Mag., 1869, type C. syhadrensis, Blf., for Cremnobates, Blf., op. cit. 1863 [not of Gunther, 1861]. 1. Cremnoconchus conicus. Cremnoconchus conicus, TF. T. Blanford, J. Asiat. Soc, Bengal, 1870, Torna. 12 Torna, near Poonaj coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank, and W. T. Blanford, Esq. var. canaliculata. C. syhadrensis, var. canaliculatus, W, T. Blanford, I. c, Torna. 7 Near Poona ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank, and W. T. Blanford, Esq. var. edecoUata. 12 Near Poona ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank. I tMnk it quite possible Stoliczka was correct, Proc. Asiat. Soc, Bengal, 1871, in uniting tbis species to tbe next as a variety only ? 2. Cremnoconclius carinatus. Anculotus carinatus, Layard, P. Zool. S. 1854, Mahabaleshwar ; fide StoHczJca \_1871] var.= C. conicus, Blf; Blanford, J. A. S. B., 1870, pi. Ill, fig. 5, long. 7k, diam. 5 mil. 16 Mahabaleshwar; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank, and W. T. Blanford, Esq. LITTORINIDiE. 173 var. gigantea. 3 Bombay Presidency ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank. 3. Cremnoconelius syhadrensis. Cremnobates sybadrensis, W. T. Blanford, Ann. Mag., 1863, W. Ohdts, [Bombay Pres.'] at 2,000 ft. 30 Kbandala, Poona, &c. [Western Gbats] ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank, and W. T. Blanford, Esq. Genus STENOTIS, A. Adams. Ann. Mag., 1863, type S. laxata, A. Adams. Issel lias figured a Stenotis formosus from the Red Sea [sub- fossil] . 1. Stenotis laxata. Stenotis laxata, A. Adams, Ann. Mag., 1863, Japan, at Mfths. 1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams]. 2. Stenotis [?] n. sp. 1 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B, Fairbank. 3. Stenotis ? sp. ? 15 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. Genus LACUISrA, Turton. Type, Turbo puteolus, Turton, Zool. Journ. Ill, 1827 ; sect.=Epheria, Velain, Fauna St. Paul, 1880, type L. heberti, Velain. A. Adams has described a Lacuna carinifera from Borneo P. Zool. S. 1851. 1. Lacuna puteola. Turbo puteolus, Turton, Conch. Diet. 1819, England ; fide" Jeffreys = Cochlea parva, DaCosta, 1798, Helix fasciata, J. Adams, 1799, Helix lacuna, Mtg. and Lacuna montacuti, Turton, Zool. Journ. Ill, 1827 Sfc. ; fide Jeffreys var. = Turbo auricularis, Mtg., 1805, and vara, conica, lactea, clausa and expansa [=" L. puteola typical"'], 4 Nortb France: coll. Miss Beaufort. 174 LITTORINID^. 2. Lacuna pallidula. Cochlea pallidula, DaCosta, Brit. ConcTi. 1778 ; fide Jeffreys var. albescens and var. patula, Thorpe, Brit. Mar. Conch. 1844. 2 England ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. var. neritoidea, Gould. Lacuna neritoidea, Gould, Invert. Mass. 1841, " Chelsea Beach." 3 Maine [United States] ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle. var. patula. Lacuna patula, Thorpe, Brit. Mar. Conch. 1844. 1 Falmouth; ex " Linnsea.'* 3. Lacuna divaricata. Trochus divaricatus, Fahrieius, Fauna Groenland, 1780 [not Trochus divaricatus of Lin.'] ; =zTurbo vinctus, Mtg. 1805 ; fide Jeffreys, var. gracilior, Metcalfe. 4 England ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. 2 Prince Edward's Island j coll. A. Nevill, Esq. var. solidula. Lacuna divaricata, var. solidula, Loven. 1 Greenland; ex " Linnsea." var. quadrifasciata. Turlo quadrifasciatus, Montagu, Test. Brit, Sup. 1805. 1 Long Island, United States ; coll. Rev. E. R. Beadle, var. can alls. Turlo canalis, Montagu, Test. Brit. 1805. 1 England ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. 4, Lacuna crassior. Turbo crassior, Montagu, Test. Brit. 1805. LITTOKINID^. 175 2 Loc. ? ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. 1 Devonshire j ex *' Linnsea." 5. Lacuna variegata. Lacuna variegata, Carpenter, Ann. Mag, XIV, 1864, p. 428, Neeah Bay, Vancouver District, 12 Monterey [California] ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns. 6. Lacuna unifasciata. Lacrna unifasciata, Carpenter. 20 Monterey j coll. Profs. W. Newcomb and E. C. Stearns. Genus MODULUS, Gray. Syn. Brit. Mus. 1849, type TrocTius tectum, Omelin. 1. Modulus lividus. Trochus \W\di\xs, PUlippi, Zeits. Mai. VI, 1849, p, 168, Bab. ? 6 Panama; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns. 2. Modulus eerodes. Modulus eerodes, A. Adams, P. Zool. S. 1850,' Mozambique. 4 Gulf of California ; coU. Prof. E. C. Stearns. 3. Modulus floridanus. Modulus floridanus, Conrad, Amer. J. ConcTv. V, 1870, Florida. 8 Florida ; coll. Profs. E. C. Stearns and W. Newcomb. Sent as M. cancellatus, Lamarck, a species unknown to me and not recorded by Morch, Malak. Blat. 1876, wilo seems to confirm Conrad's name. 3 Pine Key, Gulf of Mexico ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns. 4. Modulus modulus. Trochus modulus, Linnrsus, Syst. Nat. X, 1758, Hab. 1 = Trochus lenti. cularis, Chemnitz, 1781. 5 West Indies; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb, and J. Wood-Mason, Esq. 176 LITTORTNIDiE. Tar. jQ.losa. TrocTius filosus, Relbling, PHvatg. Bohmen IV, 1779 {fide MorcJi, 1876). Morch. does not record the following important locality. 2 Florida j coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns. 5. Modulus unidens. Trochilus unidens, Listeri, Chemn., Conch. Cab. I, Vol. X, p. 290, 1788 ;= Monodonta carcTiedonicus, Lam. 1822, Rab. ? ; fide Morch =^Trochus perlatus, Dillwyn, also Wood {not of Gmelln), and var. minora Monodonta angulata, C. B. Adams, P. Bost. S. 1845, Jamaica. 7 Panama and Gulf of Fonseca; coll. Profs. E. C, Stearns and W. Newcoinb. 6. Modulus disculus. Trocbus disculus, Fhilippi, Zeits. Malalc. 1846, Mazatlan. var. [fide Newcombl. 20 Gulf of California ; coll. Profs. E. C. Stearns and W. Newcomb. 7. Modulus ototusatus. Trochus obtusaius, Fhilippi, Conch. Cab. II, 1846, Los. ?, for Chemnitz, Jig. 1569—70. 7 Mauritius and Ceylon; coll. G. Nevill, Esq., Despite tlie higHy valued opinion of von Martens, I consider this a distinct species. 1 Rodriguez ; coll. J, Caldwell, Esq. A doubtful specimen ; in very bad condition. 8. Modulus tectum. Trocbus tectum, Gmelin, Syst. Lin. 1788, West Indies; from Madagascar, Natal, Bed Sea, Bourbon, fide v. Martens ; fide Petit = Monodonta retusa, Bruguiere = Modulus eidaris. Reeve. 7 Mauritius and Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 3 Natal ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 3 Trincomalee (?) ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. LITTORINID^. 177 9. Modulus candidus. Modulus candidus, PetiU J. de C, IV, 1853, Pacific Ocean [?] ; fide Mc Andrew, Sandwich I. and Suez. 4i Andamans ; coll. Capt. E. C. Temple, and J. Wood-Mason, Esq. 6 Ceyloa ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Though undoubtedly very close to the preceding, I have seen no intermediate specimens ; the former I have not seen from the Mascarene Province nor the latter from the Andamans. 4 N. Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. 10. Modulus obliquus [?]. Modulus obliquus,, A. Adams, Ann. Mag., VIII, ISol, Red Sea. 1 Aden; coll. Dr. F. Stolcizka. In such bad condition as to be scarcely recognizable. It looks like a rather distinct form 't 7. Family PLANAXID^E, H. Sf A. Adams, Subfamily LITIOPINJE, Gray. Genus LITIOPA, Bang. Ann. Set. Nat. XVI. 1829, p. 303, ti/pe L. melanostoma. Rang; fide A. Adams = Bombycinus, B Slang er and Lesson. 1. Litiopa bombax. ? L. maculata. Rang, I. c. 1829, Atlantic Ocean. 5 Atlantic, on sea-weed ; ex c. Prof. W. Newcomb. 3 Bahamas ; ex c. C. F. Ancey k P. Bouvier, Esqrs. (as " L. Rang"). 178 PLlNAXlDiE. 2. Litiopa n. sp. 10 Off the S. E. coast of Arabia ; coll. W. T. Blauford, Esq. Spine very acutely produced. 3. Litiopa ventrosa [?]. Litiopa ventrosa, A. Adams, Ann. Mag., VIII, 1861, Indian Ocean. 10 Oman & Gwadar (Persian Gulf) ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. var. minor (? dist. sp.) 4 Gwadar; coll. W. T. Blanfoid, Esq. Genus STYLIFERINA, A. Adams. Ann. Mag., VI, 1860, types 8. orthochila, A. Ad., and S. goniochita ; emend. I. c. 1862, as subgenus of Alaba 1, Styliferina savignyi. Litiopa savignyi, Issel, Malaa, Mar. liosso. 1869, Suez — long. 3, diam. 1^ mil. ; Descr. de I'l.gypte, pi. Ill, fig. 19 [male]. 2 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 2 Aden & Muscat : coll. Dr. P. Stoliczka, and W. T. Blanford, Esq. 4 Suez [typical ] ; coll. Prof. A. Issel. 2. Styliferina goniochila. Styliferina goniochila, A. Adams, Ann. Mag., VI, 1860, and VIII, 1862, Ja an. 1 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 30 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 3 Japan ; ex Mi*. Damon (coll A.Adams), 2 Seychelles & Andamans ; coll. G. JSevill, Esq. var. (? dist. sp.) 1 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungorford, Esq. Shorter spire, less ovately elongate last whorl, which appears to be almost suhangulate. planaxidj:. 179 3. Styliferina [?] sp. [?] 1 Singapore j coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Of very doubtful generic determination. 4. Styliferina sp. ? 3 Andamans ; coll. Gr. Nevill, Esq. Whorls subangulate. 5. Styliferina sp. ? 3 Andamans ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Whorls convexly rounded. 1 Mauritius; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. var. (? dist. sp.) 2 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. The last whorl conspicuously more produced. 6. Styliferina ? sp. 2 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Found together in an empty oyster shell on the shore. 7. Styliferina ? sp. 7 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. Genus DIAL A, A. Adams. Ann Mug., VIII, 1861, type D. varia, A. Ad.; Smith. P. Zool. S., 18' 5, p. 538, There are also D. tenuis and^ simplex, Smith, 1875, from Japan ; D. succincta, A. Adams, from Suez ; and B. suturalisj Philippines and from the Suez. 1. Dial a sulcifera. Diala sulcifera, A. Adams, Ann. Mag., X, 1862, Japan. 180 PLANAXIDiE. Long, 2j*o, diam. | mil. 2 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon (coll. A. Adams). 6 Hongkong; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 12 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Pairbank. 20 Persian Gulf; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq, 2. Diala lauta. Diala lauta, A. Adams, Ann. Mag., X, 1862, Adelaide. 1 Loc. ? ; ex Mr. Damon (coll. A. Adams). 1 Loc. ? ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. 3. Diala macula. Alaba macula, Recluz, fide Schtvartz, in litt. and=A. semistriata, Philippi, Zeits. Mai., 1849, p. 34, Aden and Descr. de V Egypte, pi. III;=D. vnria, A. Adams, Ann. Mag., VIII, 1861, China and Japan {Suez, fide Mc Andrew). 3 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon (coll. A. Adams). 50 Mauritius, Natal, Andamans, Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 30 Suez, Aden, Annesley Bay and Persian Gulf ; coll. W. T. Blan- ford, Esq. 50 Bombay, Arakan, Nicobars ; coll. Dr. E. Stoliczka. 8 Roweiah, Red Sea, and Galle ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. 4 Hongkong; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. The figure in the Descr. de I'Egypte agrees better with the Japanese specimens and Adams' description of D. leucosticta than with the Mauritian form. 4. Diala n. sp. 20 Nicobars ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 5. Diala sp.? 4 Kathiawar; coll. F. Fedden, Esq. 6. Diala sp. 2 Arakan ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 7. Diala (?) sp. 1 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank. PLANAXID^. 181. 8. Diala sp. 3 Mauritius and Singapore ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 9. Diala sp. 2 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. Of a brilliant uniform green coloration. 10. Diala marmorea. Diala marmorea, Carpenter. 10 Monterey, California; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns. Genus ALABA, H. and A. Adams. Gen. Moll. I, 1854, type A. melanura, C. B. Adams ; Smith, P. Zool. S. 1875, p. 538 ; Jide A. Adams = Tuheria, Carpenter. A. Adams described A. lucida and A. imhricata, botb from Japan and Suez ; tbe latter is rather a sp. of Diala, fide Smith. 1. Alaba felina [?] Alaba felina, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. X, 1862, Japan. 1 Japan; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams; labelled " A.felina"'\. I very much doubt the correctness of this identification. 2. Alaba leucosticta. Diala leucosticta, A. Adams, Ann. Mag., VIII, 1861, Shantung and Loshan^ koto. Long. 6, diam. 3 mil. 1 China ? ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams] . 3. Alaba melanura. Rissoa melanura, C. B. Adams, Contr. Conch. 1850, p. 116, Jamaica. 1 Loc. ? ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams], 12 W. Indies; ex c. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. 182 PLANAXIDiE. 4. Alaba sp. 1 Japan; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams; labelled "A. subulata, A. Ad."]. 5. Alaba subangulata. Alaba subangulata, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. X, 1862, Tsu-Sima at ISfths. Long. 6|, diam. 3 mil. 1 Japan ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams]. 6. Alaba woodmasoniana, n. sp. 5 Andamans ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. One of the most interesting species yet discovered, something like the preceding. var. [? dist. sp.] 1 Andamans ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. 3 Andamans; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 7. Alaba cornea [?] Diala cornea, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. 1861, VIII, Hulu-Shan Bay^ Sfo. 1 Cbina [?]; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams]. This identification seems to me very doubtful. 8. Alaba picta. Diala picta, A. Adams, Ann, Mag. JHCII, 1861, Shantung, S^o. Long. 5|, diam. 2J mil. 2 China ; ex c. H. Adams, Esq. 2 China [?] ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams]. The originar description is very bad. PLANAXIDJ",. 183 9. Alaba u. sp. 3 Balapiti, Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. One of the most beautiful species I know. var. [? dist. sp.] 1 Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 10. Alaba blanfordi. Alaba blanfordi, A. Adams, Ann. 3Iag. X, 1862, " Sia}n [?], colh W. T. B". 20 Cape Negrais, Arakan [typical] ; coll. W, T. Blanford, Esq. 1 Loc. ? ; ex Mr. Damon [coll. A. Adams]. 40 Bombay, Coromandel, Puri, and Andamans ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka, H. F. Blanford and H. Kaban, Esqrs. 9 Hougkong [at 6 Fths.] ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. Scarcely separable even as a variety. 11. Alaba n. sp. 10 Akyab ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. In very bad condition. 12. Alaba dorise. Alaba dorise, Issel [ubi ?]. 5 Suez; coll. Prof. Issel [sent as "A. dorice, Issel "]. 12 Annesley Bay ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. The latter in bad condition, apparently two species confused, 13. Alaba sp. 6 Port Natal ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. A fine large form, near A. blanfordi, unfortunately in bad condition. 184 PLANAXIDvE. 14. Alaba sp. 3 Tawila [Persian Gulf] ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 15. Alaba zebrina [?] Dialii zebrina, A. Adams, Ann. Mag. Fill, 1861, Japan, also Philippines. 1 Singapore ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. ? var. [? dist. sp.] 2 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. It is just possible these may prove to be worn specimens of tbe form previously noted as A. hlanfordi, var,, thougli I think they are distinct ; unfortunately, they are in bad condition. Genus PLAIS'AXIS, Lamarck. Eist. Anim. s. Vert. VII, 1822, type PI. sulcatus, Born; seet.=Hinea, Leach ms.. Gray, P. Zool. S. 1845, type PI. mollis. Sow. A. Adams, P. Z. S., 1851, described a PI. zonatus from the Philippines, and a PI. cingulata from China. 1. Planaxis sulcatus. Buccinum sulcatum, Born, Test. Mus. Vindob, 1780 ; ^=Pl. huccinoides, Desh. ; =Buc. pyramidale, Gmelin ; =Pl. undulata. Lam. ; fide Mar- tens, from Madagascar and Seychelles, Sfc, as PI. pyramidalis [^'scarce- ly separable from W. Indian PI. sulcatus "] ; Japan, fide Lischke. 100 Ceylon [27i, 18], Singapore, Andamans [29, 20^], Penang, Arakan, Bombay and Mauritius; coll. W. T. Blanford, F. Stoliczka, J. Wood-Mason, and G. Nevill, Esqrs. 2 N. Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. 12 Hongkong ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. subvar. contracta. 2 Ceylon; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. subvar. nana. 6 Vizagapatam ; ex c. Madras Museum, 3 Australia [?] ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka, PLANAXIU^. 185 subvar. rugosolirata. 3 North Australia ; ex c. British Museum. I cannot accept PI. undulatus, Lamarck, even as a variety, be- cause some individuals in the same "hand-full " are of this, while others are of the ordinary coloration. It is interesting to find this species at Bombay, adjoining the habitat of the next form. 2. Planaxis savignyi. Planaxis savignyi, Deshat/es, Mag. Zool. 1844, pi. 109, 'Red Sea and Mada- gascar, long. 22, diam. 8 mil. ,• fide Issel, PI. griseum, Brocchi, Cat. Conch. G. Furni, 1822, G. of Suez. 50 Persian Gulf; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. A trifle smoother and more ventricose than in the typical figures ; the spots are often undulately confluent, as in the pre- ceding species. Long. 21, diam. 16 mil. 6 Suez ; ex e. Asiatic Soc. Bengal. Agree exactly with Savigny's figure. 20 Massaua and Annesley Bay ; coll. Prof. A. Issel, and W. T. Blanford, Esq. A smaller and shorter-spired form closely resembling the Arakan variety in shape. McAndrew records both PL griseus and PL savignyi as distinct species, both as frequent at Suez ! var. subnigra. 12 Hormuz and Muscat, Persian Gulf ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 20 Aden ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [mostly young]. 2 Kathiawar ; coll. F. Fedden, Esq. var. encaustica. Planaxis encausticus. Smith, Ann. Mag. IX, 1872, Arakan, long. 20, diam. 12 mil. 10 Arakan [typical]^; coll. W. Theobald, Esq. 186 PLANAXID^. If Mr. Smith had been able to examine as many specimens as I have, he would have found that none of the characters he relies on are constant ; e. ^., it is not smoother than many of the Persian Grulf specimens ; the sulci are of exactly the same width ; and the coloration recorded is not constant. Curiously the t3rpical coloration is also exactly represented by typical Persian PI. hreviculus. The " basal canal " likewise is often, if not generally, entirely like that of its allies ! The habitat is very interesting, being the only one known East of the Bay of Bengal : it is particularly important to find the species actually living with Fl. sulcatus. The fig. of PI. encausticus in the Con. Iconica is very fair, but fig. 30, a " PL savignyi,^' has the last whorl less tumid than is usually the case. 3. Planaxis breviculus. Planaxis breviculus, DesTiayes, Mag. Zool. 18M, Hah. ?, long. 21, diam. 15 mil. ; Suez, "frequent," fide McAndrew. 4 Persian Gulf; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [19, 13^]. Coloration close to that of the original figure, also to that of the Arakanese PI. savignyi, var. encaustica. PI. hreviculus is scarcely more than a well-marked variety of PI. savignyi ? The darker-coloured aperture, however, with obsolete liration, seems to be characteristic. var. tessellata, no v. M. breviculus, var., Smith, Ann. Mag. IX, 1872, Persian Qulf. 20 Persian Gulf; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [long. 20, diam. 14]. Both these and the preceding have a more acuminate spire than in the figure of Deshayes. The figure in Con. Iconica seems to me different again ; possibly it represents PI. hrevis, Quoy, as Sowerby quotes the latter's localities — " Gruam and N. Guinea" — for the figure in question. 4. Planaxis planicostatus. Planaxis planicostatus, Sotoerhy, App. Tankerv. Cat. 1825, Gallapagos I. ; fide Smith=Buc. planaxis. Wood ; ^=Pl. canaliculata, Duval, Rev. Zool. Cuv. 1840 ; =^Pl. circinata. Lesson, Rev. Zool. Cuv. 1842, " Aca- pulco0020." 5 Panama; ex c. Prof. E. C. Stearns and Asiatic See. Bengal [28, 16]. PLANAXID^. 187 Agree with Con. Iconica, PL IV, fig. 26. subvar. minor. 10 Panama; ex c. Prof. W. Newconib [IGi, 9|]. subvar. brevispira. 15 Panama; ex c. Prof. E. C. Stearns, &c. [20^ 13]. 5. Planaxis nigritellus. Planaxis nigritellus, Forbes, P. Zool. S. ISoO, Straits of S. Juan del Fuaco ; =!=Pl. acutus, Me/ike, Zeits. 3Ial. 1830 [_not of Krauss'\. 6 Gulf of California ; coll. Prof. E. C. Stearns. The last whorl and aperture are, proportionately, considerably- less elongate than in the figure given by Forbes. 6. Planaxis lineolatus. Planaxis lineolatus, Qould, P. Bast. S. Ill, 1849, Wilson's Island ; var. = PI. strigatus, Soio., Conch. Icon. 1878 \_as of Hanley, ms. Pacific'] ; Tahiti and Samoa, fide Ordffe; Bourbon, fide Deshayes. 7 Paumotu ; coll. H. Pease, Esq. Two of these are dark-coloured and many-striped ; four white, with three narrow bands on last whorl ; one uniform white ! Long. 9, diam. 5 mil. 3 New Caledonia : ex. c. P. Bouvier, Esq. [8i, 4]. 3 Mauritius ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. In very bad condition ; identification therefore questionable. var. producta. Smooth throughout ; many banded ; aperture rather large, *' subpatulous." 1 Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. (4J, 2i). 1 Aden ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka (6, 3). 15 Cherboniane Reef; coll. Dr. Armstrong'. 20 Andamans; coll. J. Wood-Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs. 188 PLANAXID^. More attenuately produced and less distinctly angulate than the preceding specimens. Long. 5 — 4|, diam. 2^ mil. It is possibly the Flanaxis succinctus of Mc Andrew from Suez ? Through the kindness of Colonel Godwin- Austen, I have had the advantage of Mr. Edgar Smith's opinion of one of the Cher- boniane Heef specimens — he considers it as Flanaxis Imeolatus, Gld. 7. Planaxis ineptus. Planaxis inepta, Gould, P. Bost. S. VII, 1860, Kikaia Bay — " axis 4, diam. 2 5 mil. " 12 Cherboiiiane Reef, Arakan; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 12 Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Long. 8, diam. 4 J, another 4|, 2| mil. ; more or less sulcate, last whorl always more or less angulate ; aperture contracted and not " subpatulous " as in PI. Imeolatus ; very variable in size as will be seen from the above measurements, generally striped as in the figure of the Conch. Iconica of Fl. zonatus^ A. Adams, [Philippines ; smooth], sometimes only one, sometimes many banded. It may be an extreme var. of PI. lineolatiis, Gld. ? My identification has been confirmed by Mr. Edgar Smith, of the British Museum. var. persulcatula. 1 Ceylon; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Perhaps an abnormal dwarf ? Long. 4, diam. 2, mil, var. virgata. Planaxis virgatus. Smith, Ann. Mag. IX, 1872. 50 Andamans and Arakan ; coll. Captain R. C. Temple, W. T. Blanford and G. Nevill, Esqrs. Long. 5 mil. Mr, Smith has identified one of these specimens as his PI. virgatus. 8. Planaxis eboreus. Planaxis eboreus. Smith, Ann. Mag. IX, 1872, W. Indies. 2 W. Indies; ex c. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. PLANAXID.E. 189 9. Planaxis lineatus. Buccinum lineatum, DaCosta, Brit. Conch., 1776, West Indies ; = Buc. pediculare. Lam. and K'tener. 30 West Indies ; ex c. J. Wood-Mason and G. Nevill, Esqrs. var. succinct a. Planaxis succinctus, A, Adams, P. Zool. S., 1851, Peru and the W . Indies Suez, fide Mc Andrew. 16 Guadaloupe; ex c. P. Joly, Esq. 12 West Indies; ex c. Prof. W. Newcoinb. 10. Planaxis labiosus. Pliinaxis labiosus, A. Ad., P. Zool. S. 1851, Sandwich Islands ; Don. Bism. pi. II, jig. 12; = PL bronui. Bunker, Mai. Bl.1862, Austr. Ocean, long. 12, diam. 6 mil. 15 Sandwich Islands ; coll. H. Pease, Esq. [as " PL labiosus'] and Prof. W. Newcomb [11, 6i]. var. plumbea. Planaxis pUnnbeus, Pease, P. Zool. S. 1861, Sandwich Islands. 4 Sandwich Islands [typical ot PL plumb eus ; 13, P. i;]; coll. H. Pease, Esq. var. striatula. Planaxis striatulus, Philijipi, Zeits. Mai. 1851 ; Don. Bism. pi. II, fig. 11. 5 Loc. ? ; ex c. British Museum [as " PL striatulus, Phil."] I presume these have been correctly identified bj Mr. Smith as Philippi's species ? However that may be, these specimens are certainly only a sliglit variety of PI. labiosus, distinguished by slightly smaller size— long. 10, diam. 5| — more contracted aperture, &c. Probably Philippi has priority ? ; von Martens seems to consider the two species as scarcely separable, com]). Don. Bism., p. 42. 11. Planaxis suturalis. I latiaxis suturalis, Smith, Ann. Mag, IX, 1872, China Seas. 20 Ceylon and Andamans ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq., and Colonel E. I. Berke- ley [anfr. 7, long. 5, diam., 2|]. 190 ~" planaxidj:. 12. Planaxis ater. Planaxis ater, Pea.vp, Amer. Journ. Conch. V, 1868, Marquesas -long. S, diam 4^ mil. [not PL ater of the Con. Icon."] ; = PI. hanlcyi. Smith, Ann. Mag. XII, 1872, Sandioich Islands, long. 12, diam. 5| m,il. 1 Viti J ex Mus. GodefProy. Agrees excellently with original figure, &c. 13. Planaxis atropurpureus. Planaxis atropurpureus, Recluz, Rev. Zool. Cuv. 1843, p. 261, South Seas — anfr. 5 to 6 — long. 7, diam. 4 mil. ; ? = PI. albersi, Dkr., Nov. Conch. Sup. II, pi. II, Jig, 35—37, W. Africa. 2 Paumotu ; ex Mus. Godeffroy. Sent as " PZ. brevis, Quoy " [Gruam and N. Gruinea], which is, however, quite dilTerent. It is like a dwarf PL abhreviatus.'] Long. 5, diam. 3 mil. ; anfr. 3. 14. Planaxis semisulcatus. Planaxis semisulcatus, Soioerby, Genera Shells, I, 1824, Hah.^ ; = Purpura nucleus. Lam. VII, 1822, [not Bue. nucleus, Brug. 1789, from Mada- gascar']. 12 W. Indies, ex c. Prof W. Newcomb. 1 St. Thomas; ex c. Colonel Godwin-Austen. 15. Planaxis aeutus. Planaxis aeutus, Krauss, Sild — AfriTc. Moll. 1848, Natal, long. 6, diam. 5g lin. ; var. = PI. similis, Smith, Ann. Mag. XII, 1872, Sandwich Islands, long. Hi, diam. 5k mil. The figures 11 and 12 of the Con. Iconica, " PI. similis and PI. hanleyi, Smith," both resemble more closeij the original figure of Krauss than does fig. 9, •' PL aeutus ". I consider Smith's PL similis doubtfully separable even as a variety. The species varies much in size, and tendency to subangulation at the peri- phery. PL ater, Pease, is scarcely more than a geographical race or variety. 13 Ceylon } coll. G. Nevill, Esq., [largest, specimen — 12|, 7?]. 10 Mauritius and Bourbon; coll. G. Nevill, Esq, 1 Andamans [ ? ] ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. PLANAXIDJ3. 191 Possibly may Lave got mixed ; it was amongst a lot of PI. nicoharicus ? var. similis. Planaxis similis, Smith, Ann. Mag., XII, 1872, Sandwich Island — long. 11\, diam. 5k wil. 6 Bombay ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank. Very variable ; sometimes attains a relatively large size — viz., long. 16|, diam. 9 mil. 16. Planaxis nicobaricus. Planaxis nicobaricus, von Frauenfeld, Moll. Novara JExp. 1S66, Nicobars — long. 12, diam. 8 mil., anfr. 6 ; Con. Iconica, Jig. 13, as PL niger \_not PI. niger, Quoy]. Prof, von Martens, Zool. Record for 1866, p. 182, says of tbis species — " Most closely allied to PI. mideus [Brug.] and P. ovatus [Krauss]." There seems to be considerable confusion about this form. Sowerby figures it excellently as above, but confused it with a species of Quoy's not half its size, and consisting of four whorls only. Von Frauenfeld's description and figure do not at all well represent the species. I imagine they were taken from a dead and worn specimen, in bad condition. Whorls either six or seven, the upper ones perfectly smooth and of lighter colour, the last two under the lens obsoletely striate, the last of all so much as to be almost smooth, except for an incised infrasutural girdle, and some five or six broad sulcations quite at the base. A good characteristic is the unusually sharp pointed apex. The shell varies from a rich chocolate colour to black and is covered with a rather thick, compact, lighter coloured epidermis. The aperture is remarkably expanded or " patulous," of a uniform rich brown colour, not margined at peristome, denticulations within so fine as to be often almost imperceptible even with a lens. Long. 12 to 14, diam. 7 to 7J mil. 3 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. 15 Andamans and Nicobars; coll. F. A. de Eoepstorff and Dr. F, Stoliczka. 19-2 PLANAXID^. These are of a ricli brown colour and consist of seven whorls ; spire more acuminate than in the next form. 7 Mare, Loyalty Islands ; ex c. F. Layard, Esq. It was, I suspect, one of the specimens from this locality, out of Mr. Hanley's collection, that was figured by Sowerby in the Con. Iconica ? They are almost quite black, of six whorls ; two have a peculiarly shortened spire and may belong to a distinct form. Long. 12, diam. 7 mil. 1 Camorta, Nicobars; coll. F. A. de RoepstorfP, Esq. Long. 10, diam. 5^ mil. Quite black, of six whorls ; exactly resembles Sowerby 'y fig. 13. 17. Planaxis niger. Planaxis niger, Q,noy, Voy. de V Astrolabe, 1S32, New Ireland, anfr. 4 — long. 4, diam. 2 lin., " spire courte, obtuse, corrodee, 3 — 4 stries a la base" ; = P. abbreviatus, Pease, P. Zool. S., 1865, Central Pacific — long. 10, diam. 6 mil. It would almost seem as if the description and figures of Quoy applied to two distinct species, the former undoubtedly referring to this species and the latter resembling more closely the preceding (except the line denoting natural size, which refers to the former) ? 5 Tahiti; coll. H. Pease (typical PI. abbreviatus) and ex Mus. Godeffroy, 1 Arakan; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. Long. 8|, diam. 5 mil. Spire short, obtuse, and corroded ; four whorls, 3 — 4 sulca- tions at base of the last whorl ; jet black, with aperture much as in preceding specimens, denticulations being almost obsolete, but a good deal more developed than in Taliiti specimens, which also have the last whorl more tumid ; tooth above columella remarkably developed in this specimen, much as in fig. 12 of Con. Iconica. PLANAXIDiE. 193 18. Planaxis mollis. Elanaxis mollis, 5ower%, Genera Shells, I, Jiff, 2, 1S24, Hal.? ; = Buccinum brasilianum, Lam. Hist., VII, 1822 [misnomer'] ; = Buccinum Icevigatum, Wood, Ind. Test. Sup. 1828 ; fide Smith var. = Pl. fulva, A. Adams > P. Zool. S. 1851, p. 271, Swan River; var. = F. pigra, Forbes, P. Zool. S. 1850, Pitcairn Island. 9 Port Jackson, &c.; coll. Dr. J. C. Cox and ex c. Asiatic Soc. Bengal. 3 Australia; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Genus QUOYIA, Deshayes. Enc. Meth. II, 1830 [sine descrj] type Planaxis decollata, Qiioy, and of Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus., 1840 j = Fissilabria, Brown, Fdinb. Journ. N. H. 1836 ;=^Quoya, Deshayes, Enc. Meth., Ill, 1843 s = Leucostoma, Sivain- son. Treat. Malac, 1840. 1. Quoyia decollata. Planaxis decollata, Qtioy, Voy. Astrolabe, 1832, Neio Guinea ; Caroliue Islands fide v. Martens, New Caledonia, fide Fischer, and Yap, fide Schmeltz. 1 Moluccas; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn. 1 Caroline I. ; ex c. C. if\ Ancey, Esq. Genus HOLCOSTOMA, H. and A. Adams. P. Zool. S. 1853 and Gen. Moll. I, p. 324, 1854, type H. piligerum, Philippi, [from Mascarene Islands, fide Deshayes, Sfc.'], I have never been able to obtain a specimen of this interest- ing genus. 8. Family MELANIIDiS, Orhigmj, Moll. Canar. 1837 ; = MelaniadcB, Gray, 1840. Sub-family GEBIPHASINJE, Gill. P. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1863 [Febr.'] ; = Family Strepomatidce, Halde- man, I. c. [Sept.] I am unable to agree with Messrs. Brot and Tryon in accept- ing Haldeman's name in preference to that of Gill's. Id4f MELANIIDiE. Genus 10, Lea, Fhilos. Trans, IV, 1832, type lo fluviatUis, Sai/ ; fide Brot., Sub-Genus of Pleurocera. 1 . lo fluvialis. Fusus fluvialis, Say, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. V, 1825. var. inermis. lo inermis, Anthony, P. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1860. 2 Tennessee ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb. 2. lo spinosa. Id spinosa. Lea, Philos. Trans. V, 1834, Kohton Rv. \_Virginia'\. 2 Tennessee ; coll. Prof. W. Newcomb. Genus PLEUROCERA, Eafinesque. J. de Fhys. Brux. 1819 [no type recorded]; = Cerithasia, Sivainson, 1840, type C. sulcata ;= Trypanostoma, Lea, 1862, type Mel. canaliculata. Say ;=Strepoma, Auct. [as of Mafin.']. Fide Tryon a sub-genus of lo. 1. Pleurocera canaliculata. Mflania canaliculata, Say, J. Acad. Nat. ScL, II, 1821. 4j Indiana; coll. I. Lea, Esq. [Asiat. Soc. Bengal]. 2 Ohio; coll. Prof. W. Newcouil). 3 Coosa Rv., Alabama ; coll. llcvd. E. R. Beadle [labelled " M. pon- derosa"']. 2. Pleurocera ponderosa. Mclania ponderosa, Anthony, P. Acad. Nat. SL 9, Jig. 6, as M. haccafa. Old. 1 Upper Salwin ; coll. F. Fedden, Esq. Well represented by the above figure, but more decollate, only 2 J whorls remaining. var. iravadica. Melania iravadica, TF. T. Blanford, P. Zool S. 1869, " Male and Bhamo.'* There can be, I think, no question as to the correctness of uniting this form to M. haccata, despite its smaller size and less conspicuous sculpture, which is, however, of an exactly similar natui^e. Long. 30, diam. 17 mil. 30 Manwyne [type var.] and Yaylaymaw [Upper Burma] ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. 43. Melania [Melanoides] subasperata, nov. Theobald, J. Asiat S. Beng. 1865, pi. 9, fig. 5, as M. variahilis, var. bacci- fera, Shan States, Nammah Stream. 1 Shan States ; coll. F. Fedden, Esq. [47, 17]. This is a typical var. haccifera, Th. ; it is very close to M. Brot's pi. 9, fig. 4A [" M. perfecta, IMss., Celebes "] and also to his pi. 8, figs. 1 and IB, [M. asperata, Lea, Philippines], only smaller ; the shape of the spire more nearly resembles that of M. variabilis than M. haccata ; the small and contracted, almost rounded aperture seems to be characteristic. MELANIID^. 263 var. sublsevigata, nov. 2 " Burma " ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 1 Shau States ; coll. P. Fedden, Esq. Well represented by M. Brot's, pi. 3, fig. 5 [M. suhnodosa, Phil., South America], only a little smaller. var. vittata. Theobald, J. As. S. Beng., 1865, fig. 4, as M. variabilis — var. vittata. 1 Shan States j coll. F. Fedden, Esq. 44. Melania [Melanoides] cancellata, Melania cancellata, Benson, Ann. Mag. 1842, Chusan;=M. ningpoensis. Lea, P. Ac. Nat. Sci. PMlad. 1856, Ningpo ; = M. fortunei, Reeve, 1859, Shanghai; fide Brot = M. amurensis, Gerstfeld = M. heukelomiana, Reeve var.=M. calculus, Ev. [N. China"]. 3 Chusan [typical ?] ; ex Mr. Damon [c. Cantor]. 2 Cbina ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. 2 Kliasing District [N. China] ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 3 Ningpo ; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn. Mel. admiralis, Smith, from Lake Tanganyika, seems to show some affinity to this species. 45. Melania [Melanoides] amurensis. Melania amurensis, Gerstfeld, Mem. Ac. Pefersb. IX, 1859, Rv. Amur, long. 45 diam. 16 mil. and var. Icevigata, long. 20, diam. 8 $ =M. heulcelomiana, Rv., 1859, Sab. ? [59, i5] ; ? var. = M. calculus, Rv., 1859, N. China, 2 River Amur ; ex Mr. Damon [35, 11|]. 1 River Siangkiang [N. China] ; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn, subvar. sublsBvigata. 1 River Siankiang ; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn [23, 9]. 46. Melania [Melanoides] crebricostis. Melania crebricostis, Benson, Ann. Mag, 1842, Chusan, long. 1' 05 poll, 6 Kowloon [opposite Hongkong] ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 1 Amoy ? ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 264 MELANIID^. 47. Melania [Melanoides] niponica. Mclania iiiponica. Smithy Quart, Journ. Conch, L Lake Btiva. 5 Biwa Lake, Japan ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 48. Melania [Melanoides] sehomburgki. Melania sehomburgki {Hartley), Reeve, Icdn.Jig. 93, 1839, Hah. ? 8 Cambodia ; ex c. A, Morelet, Esq. 49. Melania [Melanoides] torquata. Melania torquata, v. d. Busch, Abb. I, 1845, Java ; = M. terehra, Benson, 1836, Sylhet [iiot M. terehra, Lesson, 1830, or M, terebra, Busch, 10 Sylhet [types of M. terebra, Bs,] j ex c. Asiatic Sec, Bengal, and Colonel G. B, Muiuwaring. 50. Melania [Melanoides] asperata. Melania asperata, LamarcTc, Hist. Anim. s. Vert. V, 1822, South America ? I consider Reeve's fig. 18, " M. circumstriata from Borneo," as quite distinct and probably a form of M. lierculcea^ Gld. 8 Near Manila j coll. Baron F. von Richthof en. This apparently constant dwarf form more nearly resembles M. Brot's pi. 9, fig. 4, M. iierfeda, Mons., from Celebes, than his pi. 8, fig. lA, typical M. asperata, — indeed, it may prove to be the former species. Long. 35, diam. 14; another 22, 10| mil. Living with it was the following subvariety distinguished by its smooth appearance, having spiral, subobsolete sulcations on the last whorl only. subvar. sublsevigata. 4 Near Manila ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen. Three or four irregular ridges on the last two whorls. The upper ones smooth [or nearly so]. Long. 56, diam. 22 mil. ; whorls 5^. 2 Pasanhan [Luzon] ; coll, R. Hungerford, Esq. melaniidj:. 265 var. inquinata. Melauia inquinata, Beshayes, Mag. Conch, pi. 13, 1S30, Philippines. 1 Pasanhan ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. Whorls more convex than in any of the other specimens. var. Conf. Reeve, Jig. 2 c, " M. asperata." 6 Luzon [?] ; coll. Baron F. von Richtliofen. 2 Tasanhan; coll. R. Hunger lord, Esq. Whorls less convex than in any others I have seen ; the peripheral keel is more developed than the others. It may possibly be a form of M. dadylus. var. Something like Reeve's fig. 2d., but on a much smaller scale. 2 Pasanhan ; coll. R. Huugorford, Esq. vnr. Like M. Brot's pi. 8, fig. If., but smaller. 5 Pasanhan, &c. [Luzon] ; coll. Baron F. von Kichtbofen, and K. Hunger- ford, Esq. 51. Melania [Melanoides] lacustris. Melania lacustris, Morelet, Test. nov. I, 1849, Lake Yzabal [Guatemala']. 1 "Lac d' Yzabal" [typical]; coll. A. Morelet, Esq. Agrees with M. Brot's pi. 3, fig. 2c, and Hanley's Conch. Misc fig. 26. 52. Melania [Melanoides] dactylus. Melania dactylus. Lea, P. Zool. S. 1S30, Philippines. 5 Philippines ; coll. Prof. C. Semper. Sent as " M. asperata, var. dactylus " ; they are a rather smaller form, otherwise agreeing well with M. Brot's pi. 9, fig. 2. 2 Cebu; ex c. R. Hungerford, Esq. [coll. Dr. Eastlake]. 266 MELANIID^. Resembling Reeve's fig. 7a, but smaller. 1 Cebu ; ex c. R. Huugerford, Esq. [coll. Dr. Eastlake]. A form intermediate between tbis species and Mel. asperata ; the last wborl [only] binoduliferous, as in Reeve, fig. 7b. 53. Melania [Melanoides] fllocarinata. Melania filocarinata, (lfoM5so»), Brot, ConcTi.-Cal. 11^ 1874, Polillo ; long. 62, diam. 21 mil. 5 San Palo, Luzon ; coll. R. Hungerf ord, Esq. Agree exactly witb tbe type figure. var. subimbricata, nov. 1 San Palo; coll. R. Hungerf ord, Esq. Long. 49, diam. 16 mil. A variety bearing much the same relationship to the type form, as does M. Brot's pi. 9, fig. 2A to its type [If. dadylus] ; apical six whorls smooth. Sub-Genus SUL008PIEA, Troschel. Brot, Conch.- Cab. I, 1874, type M. suleospira. 54. Melania [Suleospira] libertina. Melania libertina, Gould, P. Bost. Soc. VII, 1859, Simoda and Ousima = M. tenuisulcata, Dkr. Malac. Bldt. 1859, = M. reiniana, Brot, Jalirb. 1876, Japan ; var. decussata, Mts., I. c. Japan ; var. irrigua, Mts., Sitz. Fr. Berl. = YoJcohama ; fide Brot, = M. dorice, T. — Canef, 4< Hakone, Japan ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 10 Tamsui, Formosa ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. var. sublsevigata. 12 Tamsui, &c.; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. Perhaps the var. ambidextra of Martens [Japan]. Anfr. 4, long. 25, diam. 12 mil. MELANIIDJ3. 267 var. plicosa. Mel. libertina, var. plicosa, v. Martens, Malac. Bldt. 1860, Japan ; Kohelt, Fauna Japan, pi. 18, figs. 2-5. 10 Mai Tionlek, Formosa; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. [28, 13]. 2 Hakone, Japan ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. var. microstoma, nov. 10 Formosa; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. Anfr. 4, long. 22|, diam. 10. var. subplicosa. 18 Formosa ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. The M. pUci/era, Tryon, from Japan appears to be very close, also Kobelt's pi. XVIII, figs. 6-8 ; and the latter's pi. XIX, fig. 8, again, exactly represents some of the specimens. Anfr. 4 ; long. 244, diam. lOJ mil. var.japonica. Melania japonica, Reeve, Icon. fig. 125, 1859, Japan; dist. sp. fide Brot and = Mel. amhidextra, Mts., Mai. Bl. 1860, Japan. 1 Japan J ex c. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring. 6 Nikko, Japan ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. Resemble Kobelt's pi. XVIII, fig. 6, stated to be the Mel. libertina, var. decussata of Martens. var. irrigua [?]. Melania libertina, i?ar. irrigua. Martens, Sitz, Ges. Naturh. Fr.j YoJcohama. 7 Meanoshita, Japan ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. Well represented by Kobelt's pi. XIX, fig. 4. var. dorise [?]. Melania dorise, Tapparone-Canefri, Voy. *' Magenta,'' Moll , pi. I, fig. 4, Singapore {_Rab. erron.']. 3 Nagasaki, Japan ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 268 * MELANIIDiE. UnfortuDately not quite adult. A large, tumid form, appar- ently even more aberrant than the above-quoted figure, or than any of the varieties figured by Kobelt. Sub-Genus NIGUITELLA, Brot. Conch.- Cab. II, 1874, type 31. nigritina, Morelet. 55. Melania [Nigritella] guineensis. Melania guineensis, Reeve, Icon. fig. 142, 1860, " Coast of Ouinea.** var. minor. 4 Liberia ; coll. Dr. H. Dohru [33, 9|]. 56. Melania [Nigritella] decoUata. Melania clecollata, LamarcTc, Hist. 1822, Riv. de la Guyane ; fide Brot = M. erosa, Philijppi [not Less'] = M. sculptilis. Reeve. 3 La Guayra j coll. A. Morelet, Esq. Sub-Genus PACHYCHILUS, Lea. P. Zool. S. ISoO, p. 179, type P. cumingii, Lea [as Genus nov."]. 57. Melania [Pachychilus] largillierti, Melania largillierti, Philippi, Abb. L 1845, Centr. America ; fide Brot. -M, rusticula, Busch and M. rubicunda, Reeve. var. intermedia. Melania intermedia, von dem Busch, Philippi, Abb. I, 1845, " Lacvs Nicarigua. '* 2 Guatemala; coll. A. Morelet, Esq. 58. Melania [Pachychilus] conica. Melania conica, d'Orbigny, Hist. Nat. Cuba, 1841; fide Brot^M. nigrata Poey, Mem. Cuba II, 1852 = M. scarabus, Rv., Icon., Bab. ? = M. gemella, Rv.; Icon., Cuba=M. attenuata, [Anthony'], Reeve, Icon., Cuba. 5 Cuba ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka [ex Landauer], 2 Cuba; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka [labelled" M. nigrata, Poey."]. MELANIID^. 269 59. Melania [Pachychilus] corvina. Melania corvina, Morelet, Test. nov. Cuba 1, 1849. 1 Guatemala [typical] ; coll. A. Morelet, Esq. A dwarf specimen, long. 22, diam. 12J mil. 60. Melania [Pachychilus] IsBVissima. Melania laevissima, Sotverhyy Zool. Journ. 1, 1825, La Guayra ; fide Brot= M. indiorum, Morelet, ** circa Minas Palengueanas '=zM. sallei. Reeve, Venezuela. var. clava. Melania Isevissima, var. clava {Menke), Brot, Conch.-Cab. II, 1S74, pi. 4, fig. 5 d. 2 Venezuela ; coll. A. Morelet, Esq. 61. Melania [Pachychilus] brevis. Melania brevis, d'Orhigny, Hist. Us at. Cuba, 1841. 5 Cuba ; ex c. F. Layard, Esq. and Dr. F. Stoliczka. 62. Melania [Pachychilus] testudinaria. Melania testudinaria, von dem Busch, Philippi, Abb. I, 1845, Java; vars. lutea, scalaroidea and striatula, Mousson, Moll., Java, 1849, 3 Java ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. var. elongata, nov. 30 Java ; coll- Baron F. von Riclitbofen. Long. 42J, diam. 15 mil. , var. subangulata, nov. 2 Java; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen. 63. Melania [Pachychilus] limborgi. Melania limborgi, Eanley, J. Linnean, Soc, XIV, 1879. p. 580, Teuassefim. 3 Near Moulmein [Tenasserim Prov.] ; coll. Mr. Oscar Limborg. 270 MELANIIDJl. 64. Melania [Paeliychilus], n. sp. 3 Pegu ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 65. Melania [Pachychilus] hungerfordiana, n. sp. Long. 39 J, diam. 16 mil. Closely resembles M. Brot's Mel. citrina, pi. 13, fig. 5, also PMlippi's M. largilUerti. SligMly truncate, seven whorls remaining, whicli in one specimen are distinctly more convex than in the other ; ttick and solid, of a yellowish brown colour, girt with a single well-marked band in the middle of the upper whorls ; three bands on the last, whorl ; the basal margin sub- acutely angled, not rounded as in the above- quoted figure ; no spiral sulcation at base of last whorl. 2 Upper Burma [type] ; coll. E. Hungerford, Esq. 5 Pegu [spec, juv.] ; ex c. Asiatic Soc, Bengal. Sub-Genus AGB08T0MA, Brot. Conch.- Cab. II, 1874, type Mel. Mgeli, Philippi, 66. Melania [Acrostoma] hiigeli. Melania hiigeli, PMlippi, Ahh. 1, 1845, Nova Bollandia ? i=M. siphonata, Rv., Eah. ? 3 Upper Cauvery River ; coll. H . F. Blanford, Esq. These agree well with figures in Phillippi, Reeve, and Con. Indica. var. eompacta, nov. Long. 25J, diam. 13| mil. Easily distinguished by its short, stout form, relatively con- tracted aperture, less tumidly swollen, but more subangulate last whorl, and closer spiral sculpture ; the spire is more trun- cate ; the coloration darker. 1 Wynaad [type var.] ; coll. Colonel R. H. Bed.dome. 2 Cochin Hills ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome. 4 Cauvery liiver ; coll. Surgeon- Major Jerdon [A. S. B.]. melaniidj:. 271 These latter were labelled '^ Mel. carnatica, Bens. MS. ;" they present the distinctive characters of the variety even more strongly. Long. 25, diam. 14 mil. 67. Melania [Acrostoma] assamensis, n. sp. Eanley, Conch. Misc. pi. 5, fig. 43, as " M. hugelii, var. of Phil, from Khasya. " Long. 35, diam. 18J mil. Remarkably close to Mel. hilgeli, from which it can be dis- tinguished by its less solid substance, its much more convexly rounded whorls, the last not being [more or less] subangulate as in its ally ; of a plain, uniform, dark coloration ; of similar minute striation, but wanting the spiral sulcations at ba,se of last whorl ; characters of the columellar margin and aperture generally much as in typical M. hugeli. Strongly .decollate, three whorls only remaining. 4 North Cachar [type] ; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen. 1 " Delaima " [?J ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. Sub-Genus MELANELLA, Swainson. Treat. Malac. 1840, p. 341 [_no type recorded'] ; type M. holandri, Fer. 68. Melania [Melanella] holandri. Melania holandri, Ferussac, Villa, Catal. 1841 [fide Reeve]. var. costulata. Melania holandri, var. costulata, Schmidt, Syst. Verz. Krain, 1847 ; = M. semiplieata, Brusina, Contr, Mai. Croat. 1870. 5 Croatia ; ex c. Colonel G. B. Mainwaring and P. Jolj, Esq. 69. Melania [Melanella] brevicula. Melaniella brevicula, M. Adams, P. Zool. 8. 1870, Amoy ; I. Rainan iGealel fide Brot. 3 Amoy [typical] j ex c. H. Adams, -Esq. 70. Melania [Melanella] glans. Melania glans, von dem Busch, Philippi, Abh.I, 1845, Java ; juv., fide Brot =M.siccata, Busch, Java ; from, Philippines, Cuming [!J. 10 Java [?] ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen. 272 MELANIID2B. 71. Molania [Melanella] zonata. Melania zonata, Benson, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1836, Sylhet ; fide Brot 1=^ M. retusa, Gray, in Griffith's Cuvier [not of Baffin']. 7 Sylhet [typical] j ex c. Asiatic Soc. Bengal. Probably better classed in the next subgenus ; I retain, how- ever, M. Brot's classification for the present. Sub-Genus PABAMELANIAy Smith. p. Zool. S. 1881, tt/pe M. nassa. Woodward. Mr. C. A. White (in ' Nature ', 1881, Vol. XZY, p. 101) considers the group identical with that of Pyrgulifera humerosa of Meek (U. S. Geol. Survey, Vol. IV, by Clarence Kicg), a Mesozoic fossil. 72. Melania [Paramelania] nassa. Melania nassa, Woodward, Ann. and Mag. 1 Lake Tanganyika, Central Africa; ex Mr. Damou. Sub-Genus TABEBIA, H. & A. Adams. Oen. Moll. I, p. 304, as subgenus of Vibex, OJcen ! Sect. = Sermyla, H. and A. Adams, I. c, as subgenus of Melanella, Sw. ; type fide Brot, Conch. Cab., 1874, Mel. graniiera. 73. Melania [Tarebia] lateritia. Melania lateritia, Lea, P. Zool. S. 1850, Philippines. 6 Mauban, Luzon ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. [19L lOI]. A dark-coloured, short-spired, much-eroded form, without bands. 6 Mindanao ; coll. Prof, C. Semper. Resembling the preceding, but of a yellowish-brown colour and not eroded. 7 Pbilippincs ; coll. Baron F. von lliclitliofcn. MELANIIDJ). 273 Broadly banded with brown ; spire of some specimens short, as in M. Brot's pi. 33, fig. IB., of others produced as in pi. 33, fig. 15. 2 Cebu J coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 74. Melania [Tarebia] procera. Melania procera, Brot, Conch.- Cah, II, 1874, Habit.?, long,36, diam. 14 mil. 5 Mauban, Luzon; ooU. R. Hungerford, Esq.. [35, 11|]. 75. Melania [Tarebia] celebensis. Melania celebensis, Quot/, Voy. Astrol, 1832, Celebes. 1 Moluccas [?] ; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka [? ex Laudaucr]. Labelled " 16S— Mel. Jcapii, D. from Moll." [? Moluccas]. 76. Melania [Tarebia] riqueti. Melania riqueti, Grateloup, Act. Soc. Lin. Bord. 1840, p. 433, Bombay, long. 13, diam. 7 mil.; = M. harpula, PhiUppi, Abb. I, 1S45, pi. Ill, Jig. 6, Java ? ; Con. Indica, pi. LXXI, fig. 10, Quilon, Cochin, and Travancore ; Sect, Sermgla. 3 Locality ? ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Labelled " Bought with Maldive shells." 2 Batavia; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. All the above are admirably represented by the above- quoted figure of Philippi ; M. Brot's pi. 34. fig. 6, is much less charac- teristic ; the Professor questions the Javanese locality, which, however, would appear to be correct. 77. Melania [Tarebia] obliquigranosa. Melania obliquigranosa, Smith, P. Zool. S. 1878, Formosa— long. 25, diam. 8 mil. 20 Keelung and Tiukang [Foimosa]; coll. R. Huageiford, Esq. S 274 MELANIID^. 78. Melania [Tarebia] mauiensis. Melania mauiensis, Lea, P. Acad. PMlad.y 1856, Sandwich Islands. 12 Sandwich Islands ; coll. H. Pease and W. Newcomb, Esqrs. var. sTibgranifera. 1 ** lies Marianes " ; ex c. A. Morelet [as " M, granifera, Lain."]. Rather more distinctly granulose. Long. 23, diam. 8| mil. subvar. ? 2 Halmaheira; ex Mr. Landauer [as "M. lirata, Bens."]. Can this locality be correct ? I can see no difference what- ever from the preceding specimen. 79. Melania [Tarebia] batana. Melania batana, Gould, P. Post. S. I, 1843, Tavoy ; Con. Indica, pi. 74, jigs. 8-9 ; fide Brot, belongs to Sect. Melanoides ! 8 Tenasserim River ; ex c. Asiatic Soc, Bengal. var. sublineata, nov. Morelet, Ser. Conch. IV, 1875, p. 320 [as n. sp. near M. eelehensis and M. granifera']. Cochin- China. 1 Cochin-China J ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. [23, 10|]. An interesting form with the granular sculpture more or less indistinct, its remarkable nodulose appearance being altogether wanting ; this is, however, also in the type form not a perma- nent character, one or two of my specimens, found with the other Tenasserim ones, approaching the Cochin-China variety very closely in this respect. 10 Penangj ex c. British Museum [as "M. lirata, coll. Cantor"]. 80. Melania [Tarebia] tahitensis. Melania tahitensis {Pease), Brot, Conch.-Cab. II. pi. 33, fig. 7, p. 472, as a "var. of M. mauiensis," p. 323, I. c. 2 " Navigators' Islands" ; coll. Dr. C. E. Tounerre [A. S. B.]. MELANIID^. 275 Certainly distinct, I think, from M, mauiensis ; even more closely resembling M. lateritia. These specimens agree fairly with the above-quoted figure, only the last whorl is more con- vexly tumid and the aperture more dilated. Long. 22, diam. 11 i mil.; anfr. 4. 81. Melania [Tarebia] rudis. . Melania rudis, iea, P. Zool. 8. 1850, Amloina; fide Brof, = M. micros- toma. Lea, Isl. Negros, 2 Halmaheira ; ex Mr. Landauer. This is the var. B. of M. Brot [pi. 32, fig. lA.], which, how- ever, judging from the locality, I consider to be the typical form. var. ceylonica, nov. Can. Indica, pi, LXXIV, figs. 7 and 10, and Reeve, fig. 172 {benel. 8 Kalutara, Ceylon; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. 6 Tenasserim River; coll. W. Theobald, Esq. [A. S. B.]. These latter agree exactly with the Ceylon specimens. They are the No. 3 [" M. tuherculata''], var. D. of Theobald's Catalogue, page 40. I should much like to see the locality confirmed. I fear there may have been some confusion. 7 Tenasserim River ; ex c, Asiat. Soc. Beugal. These are doubtless part of the preceding donation, which it was not considered necessary to " mount." Two are of a small, dwarf race, and three are not decollate, in this state resembling very closely the Halmaheira specimens. 82. Melania [Tarebia] scopulus. Melania scopulus. Reeve, Icon., fig. 165, 1860, Locality 1 ; Philippines fide Brot [Cuming'}. 5 Luzon ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. 20 Philippiues [?] ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen. These include two or three varieties ; one especially with very ventricose last whorl and finer, more close-set sculpture ; another is without any longitudinal, decussating sculpture, and is of a uniform dull violet colour. ^76 MELANIIDiE. var. [? dist. sp.]. 2 Cebu ; coll. R. Hungerford, Esq. A small form, perhaps not adult, near M. celehensis, Quoy. 83. Melania [Tarebia] broti. Melania broti {BoTirn), Reeve, loon. fig. 160, 1860, Ceylon; = M. chocola' turn, Broty Rev. Zool. I860 ; sp. of Tiaropsis fide Br of. 5 Ceylon ; coll. E. L. Layard [A. S. B.] and H. Nevill, Esqrs. subvar. subrudis. 3 Ceylon; coll. E. L. Layard, Esq. [A. S. B.]. A form not represented by M. Brot ; it may fairly be considered a connecting link between this species and M. nidis. Long. 26, diam. llj mil. ; decollate, 3| whorls only remaining. Com- pare also Mr. Hanley's remarks, Con. Indica, page 32. 84. Melania [Tarebia] lineata. Helix lineata, Gmt/, Sup. Wood's Index Test. 1828, fi^. 68, " Uast Indies'* / = Melania sp., Benson, Gleanings of Science, I, fig. D. and II, page 22 ^sine nom.'] ; = Melania lirata, Benson, J. A. S, B., V, 1836, page 782 [sine deser.']. The synonomy of this species is correctly given by Mr. Hanley in the Con. Indica ; M. Brot, on the other hand, has evidently not had the " Grleanings of Science " to refer to, or else he would have found the name of Melania lirata is not mentioned therein. 50 Calcutta; coll. G. Nevill, J. B. Baxter, and Colonel G. B. Mainwaring. With one or two undulating, subgranulose keels below tho suture only ; well represented by the Con. Indica, pi. LXXi, fig. 7. 15 Calcutta ; coll. Dr. P. Stoliczka and ex c. Asiatic Soc, Bengal. Granulose sculpture distinct and well developed ; fairly re- presented by M. Brot's pi. 33, fig. 6, excellently by Reeve's fig. 170 [Sikkim]. Long. 30, diam. 14 ; another long. 34, diam. 12| mil. 20 Calcutta [in Tanks]; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. MELANIIDiE. 277 Long. 19, diam. 8 mil. Gf-anulose sculpture almost obsolete. 6 Teria Ghat j ex c. Dr. F. Sfcoliczka. 4 Ceylon j ex e. Asiatic Soe., Bengal. 20 Tezpore, Goalundo, Mandalay, Gowhatty, Bhootan; coll. Dr. F. Sto- liczka. var. semigranosa. Mel. semigranosa, v. d. Busch, Phil. Abb, 1, 1844, Java, Differs conspicuously by tbe shorter spire, and the more tumidly ventricose last whorl, which is also more produced, &c. Long. 31, diam. 15 mil. ; apex eroded. 15 Java r?] ; coll. Baron F. von Richtliofen. 20 Near Moulmeia ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen and Dr. F. Stoliczka. Long. 18, diam. 8| mil. May be considered as a connecting link with M. hatana, Gld. 7 Pegu ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. A fine form with turriculately planulate whorls. Long. 30, diam. 13 mil. 12 Meetan, Tenasserim Province j coll. O. Limborg. 1 Teria Gbat [?] ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. subvar. pergranosa. Long. 15|, diam. 7^ mil. Granuiose sculpture very prominent. 20 Port Canning ; coll. J. B. Baxter, Esq. var. flavida. Mel. flavida {Bunker), Phil. Abb. 7, 1844, Hah. ? 6 Java ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. 9 Calcutta; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 3 Pooree; coll. H. Raban, Esq. Indian specimens of this variety have the spire more sub- cylindx'ically produced than the Javan ones. 2 Teria Ghat: e.^ c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 278 MELANIIDJ], Sub-Genus TIABA, Bolten. E. and A. Adams, Gen. Moll. 1, 1855, as distinct Genus ; type restr. Brot, Mel. amarula. 85. Melania [Tiara] amarula. Helix amarula, Linnceus, Syst. Nat. XII, p. 1249, 1767, " Hal. in Asice fluviis " ; Brugidere, Enc. Meth., pi. 458, fig. 6 ; fide Mcerch should he " Mel. melanus (Melas), Mtf., ''from Mauritius, Sfc. ; juv. = M. moreleti, Desh. {not Reeve^, Traite Elem. Conch,., Hah. ? and of Brot, pi. 30, fig. 2-2A. ; juv. ?=Brot, l. c, pi. 28, fig. 5, B. and C. las M. pagoda, var.']. 1 Locality ? j ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. [20^, 11]. Unfortunately, I have no record concerning this specimen, •well represented by M. Brot's pi. 30, fig. 2 [M. moreleti] ; the body whorl is smoother and less ventricose, spire more exserted than in young Mauritian specimens. 5 " Trou d'Eau Douce," Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. A very fine form, near M. Brot's pi. 29, fig. lA. 5 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. The typical form well represented by M. Brot's, pi. 29, fig. 1. Despite M. Brot's valued opinion [1. c, p. 291], I think I may state positively that Deshayes' M. moreleti is the young of the typical form, notwithstanding the remarkable " quasi " adult appearance that it invariably presents. These young specimens agree well with pi. 30, fig. 2 A, 1. c. Dr. IMoerch considered a form from the IVEoluccas as the true Mel. amarula. subvar. depauperata. Conc7i.'Cah. II, pi. 29, fig, IF, Madagascar. 1 Nossi-be, Madagascar ; coll. J. Caldwell, Esq. Long. 33, diam. 17| mil. Apparently a locally constant race. subvar. COmuta. Mel. cornuta, Lea, P. Zool. S. Madagascar. 1 Madagascar; coll. J. Caldwell, Esq. [conf. Conch.-Cab. II, pi. 29, fig. lA.]. melaniidj:. 279 var. thiarella. Melania thiarella, LamarcJct Hist. 1822, " Les Grandes Indes." 1 Mauritius ; coll. Mons. Lienard [A. S. B.]. Agrees with M. Brot's pi. 29, fig. 3. 7 Mauritius ; coll, Messrs. J. Caldwell and Lienard [A. S. B.]. Larger ; some agree with fig. Id., some with fig. 3B., and others again are intermediate. This variety Dr. Moerch con- sidered as a distinct species and identified it as the " Stromhus coactus'' of Meuschen, 1787 [Hab. ?]. 86. Melania [Tiara] cybele. Melania cybele, Gould, P. Bost, S. 1847, Fiji, Navigators' Islands, Sfc. ; fide Brot,-=M, crenularis, Deshayes, Mag. Zool. 1844, Fhilippines. I doubt if Mel. diadema, Lea, from the Philippines and Amboyna, should be specifically separated. Dr. Moerch consi- dered Mel. crenularis as distinct ; he does not mention either Lea's or Gould's species. 3 Fiji J ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. Well represented by M. Brot's pi. 29, fig. 2B. var. amara. Melania amara, Moerch, J. de C, 1872, Little Mcobar,for Mel. mitra. Reeve [not of Meuschen], Sumatra, 1 Great Nicobar ; coll. F, A. de Roepstorff, Esq. Apparently very local, as I have only seen two specimens from the interior of the island. It is a beautiful form with pink-tinged collumella, and is exactly represented by M. Brot's pi. 29, fig. 2 C. [" M. diadema,'' Lea]. The writer classes Mel. amara as a synonym of Mel. cyhele ; doubtless he had not seen an authentic specimen. Reeve's figures 175 b. c. from Sumatra, though larger, are also very close. 87. Melania [Tiara] winteri. Melania winteri (u. d. BuscJi), PMlijppi, Abb. I, 1845, Java ; fide Brot type of his section Tiaropsis. 8 Mauban ; Luzon ; coll. R. Hungcrford, Esq. 280 MELANIID^. Long. 82|, diam, lof mil. Prof. Brot has omitted to record the Philippine *' habitat '* of this species, though it is duly mentioned in Reeve. The latter's fig. 157A well represents the form. 88. Melania [Tiara] setosa. Melauia setosa, Sioainson, Quart. Journ. Set. 1824; apud Brot, from Waigiou, N. Guinea, Sumatra [Point Patinas'], Philippines \^Samar'\ and vars.from Amboyna, Bali and Celebes, 2 Locality ? ; ex c, G. Nevill, Esq. 89. Melania [Tiara] villosa. Melania villosa, Philippi, Zeits. Mai. 1848, Loc.?; = M. speciosa, A. Adams, P. Z. S. 1853, N. Caledonia. 5 New Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvicr and J. Caldwell, Esqrs. Sub-Genus PLOTIA, Bolten. B. and A. Adams, Gen. Moll. I, 1855, as sub-genus of Tiara ; type restt. Brot, Mel. spinulosa. 90. Melania [Plotia] oualanensis. Melania oualanensis {Pease), Tryon, J. Amer. Conch. II, 1866, Ovalan [Caroline Isl."], not M. ovalanensis, Mousson, 4 Ovalaji [typical] ; coll. H. Pease, Esq. 91. Melania [Plotia P] jugicostis. Melania jugicostis [Benson'], Hanley, Con. Indica, 1877, pi. 28, fig. 12, Tenorsserim River [sine descr.} ; Nevill, J. A. S. B,, 1877, as of sect, Melanoides [cum descr.'^. 2 Myadoung [Frontier of Yunaii] ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. 3 Quallu Kaugsa [Perak] ; coll. Ed. Towuseud, Esq. 92. Melania [Plotia ?] lamberti Melania Lamberti, Crosse, J. de C.,1869, N. Caledonia. 2 N. Caledonia ; ex c. P. Bouvier, Esq. MELANIlDiE, 281 93. Melania [Plotia] datura. Melania datura, Bohrn, F. Zool. S. 1S58, CeyloUy long. 21, diam. 11 mil. ; Con. Indica, pi. 73, fig. 10. M. Brot unites, as a variety, the forms from Ceylon figured in the Con. Indica, pi. 110, fig. 7 as M. scabra, var. spinulosa and fig. 10, as M. accmthica, Dohrn ; this is, I think, more than doubtful, as also, I consider, is his statement that the three forms are found together ; this is quite opposed to all I know on the subject, and it would be desirable if the Professor would give his authority for the statement. 2 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq, 94. Melania [Plotia] acanthica. Melania acanthica, Lea, P. Zool. S. 1850, Manilla mid Negros, long. 0'8 diam. 04. var. roepstorffiana, nov, 3 Andamans ftype var.] ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq. Long. 18|, diam. 9| mil. ; anfr. 7. Very near M. Brot's pi. 28, fig. 10 A. [Philippines], subvar. brevispira, nov, 4 Andamans j coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq. [12|, 6f]. subvar. subscabra, nov. 2 Andamans ; coll. F. A. de Roepstorff, Esq. [14J, 7f]. A connecting link with Mel. scabra, the spines being rather less developed. 95. Melania [Plotia] scabra. Buccinum scabrum, Milller, Hist. Verrn^ 1774, Coromandel ;=M. spinulosa, Lamarck, Hist. 1822, Timor, long. 10 lignes ; fide Brot, — M. doret/i' ana. Lesson, 1830, Nouv. Guinee, long. 8, diam. 3 lignes ; fide JBrot = M. denticulata. Lea, P. Z. S. 1850, L Negros [not of Reeve ] ; var. = M. cochlea, Brot, ConcTi.-Qab. II, 1874, pi. 27, fig. 10, ''India," [a* of Lea, P. Z. S. 1850, Hah. ?] ; var. = 31. myurus, Brot, Rev. Zool. 1860, type Java, also Halmaheira [Landauer'] and Borneo [^Issel] 282 MELANIID^. M. Brot, on page 269, correctly quotes '' I. Negros " [Philip- pines] as the original locality of Lea's type of Mel. denticulata ; on page 268, however, he says that .M denticulata, Lea, from *' Afghanistan," is not separable ; but the species figured for M. denticulata by Reeve is from the " Philippines," and probably belongs to 3IeL pagoda, Lea. 15 Kandy ; coll. E. L. Layard (A. S. B.) and H. Nevill, Esqrs. Well represented by the Con. Indica, pi. 73, figs. 1 — 3, and Conch.-Cab. II, pi. 27, fig. I4B. Long. 27, diam. llf, mil. : slightly decollate. 10 Paniar River, Cuddalore ; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq. [A. S. B.], and Colonel Beddome. 20 Madras ; ex c. Madras Museum [as " M. collistricta "]. A few of these have the spines prominently developed, as in the Mascarene form, exactly resembling Conch.-Cab. pi. 28, fig. lOA ; most of the specimens, however, approach nearer Con. Indica, fig. I. Long. 21, diam. 9 mil. [spec. max.]. 30 Sibb, Biluchistan ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. A small elegant form, apparently very constant in its charac- ters, fairly intermediate between M. scahra and M. elegans. Long. 18i, diam. 8 mil. 28 Madras ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and ex As. Soc, Bengal. Mostly the ordinary, typical form, but one of Dr. Stoliczka's exactly resembles Con. Indica, pi. 73, fig. 5 {_M. elegans]. 8 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq., and Dr. F. Stoliczka. A fine form, with the last whorl abnormally swollen, analo- gous to M. Gommersoni, Mor. in relationship to M. tuherculata ; Conch.-Cab, II, pi. 27, fig. 15 A [Moluccas], well represents the variety. Long. 29, diam. 13^ mil. ; decollate, five whorls only. 9 Locality ? ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. There was unfortunately no label with these remarkable specimens ; they somewhat resemble the preceding, and are, I suspect, from Mauritius. 50 Calcutta ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka and G. Nevill, Esq. MELANIIDJ]. 283 Well represented by Con. Indiea, pi. 73, fig. 1. Some have tlie spines moderately developed, as in tlie Madras specimens already noticed. A single abnormal specimen has the spines remarkably duplicated, in a " frondulose" manner. 13 Balapiti, Ceylon ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. A pretty, little form with the spines well developed, closely resembling a Mauritian form ; Conch.-Cab. II, pi. 27, fig. 14C, I" Trichinopoly "], pi. 28, fig. 5A. [" M. pagoda "] and 1. c, fig, lOA. [" M. acanthica "], long. 12, diam. 9 mil. ; strongly decollate, 3 to 3| whorls only. 13 Mauritius ; coll. J. Caldwell and G. Nevill, Esqrs. Like the preceding, but larger ; Reeve's fig. 183 well repre- sents it [" M. scahra "]. 4 Cuddalore [Madras Pres.] ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome. 6 Karachi and Katliiawar ; coll. F. Fedden and J. A. Murray, Esqrs. In bad condition. I fancy a large series would show they belong to the variety called " Mel. sohria " by M. Brot [pi. 27, fig. 10 1. c.]. 5 Umarkote, Sind ; coll. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Resembling the preceding apparently ; also in a wretched state. 3 Cochin-China ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. Exactly like the Biluchistan specimens. 1 Barak River, Cachar ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. 20 Matelle, Ceylon ; coll. F. Layard, Esq. Resembling Con. Indiea, pi. 73, fig. 1. 3 Myadong, Upper Burma ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. Well represented by Reeve's fig. 186 [M. spinulosa from Solomon I.]. 8 Teria Ghat, Mandalay, Bombay, Cuddalore, Taptee River ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 3 Timor ; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. I suppose these may be considered as the typical form of M. spinulosa. They agree closely with the Biluchistan and Cochin-China specimens. 16 Java ; coll. Baron F. vou Richthofen. 284 MELANIID^, These are the var. nodose-costata of Mousson, Moll. Java, pi. 11, fig. 11. 6 Mahe, Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Well represented by M. Brot's pi. 7, fig. 14A. [Ceylon], only rather smaller. 4 Mauritius ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. Fairly intermediate between var. granum and the form represented by M. Brot's pi. 27, fig. 14. Long. 19, diam. 8} mil. var. elegans, Melania elegans, Benson, J. A S. B. V., 1886, p. 782, for Melania sp. ? Gleanings of Science, II, 1830, p. 22, Rivers Gumti, Belwa and Cen ; Sanley, Con. Indica, pi. f3. Jigs. 5 — 7, N. Oude and South India, as Melania scahra, var. elegans, Bs. ; Brot, Conch.- Cab. 11^ pi. 28, Jig. 9, as "Mel. elegans, Bs." I consider Mr. Hanley is undoubtedly right in uniting this form to Mel. scahra, the transition from the one to the other being clearly traceable. 10 Ferozepore [Punjab] ; coll. Captain R. C. Temple. Found in a well. This remarkable " habitat " confirms Cap- tain Hutton's record of a similar observation, J. A. S. B., 1834. These specimens are the only ones 1 have seen that agree with M. Brot's above-quoted figures. 8 " India " ; ex c. Asiatic Soc., Bengal. These are perhaps typical M. elegans, from Benson. 6 Bolan Pass; coll. Captain P. W. Hutton [A. S. B.]. Long. 24, diam. 10 mil. A very solid form, presenting some of the characters of M. Brot's pi. 27, fig. 10 [ilf. cochlea'], but with much shorter spine. This may be Reeve's fig. 178, " ilf . elegans,'' Benson, MS., from Afghanistan, in which, however, the ribs on the last whorl are less developed. 10 Sunderbunds; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka [22, 10]. Closely resembling the preceding ; I should like to see the locality confirmed, as I have never found anything like it my- self in these parts. 12 Calcutta; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. [22|, 8|]. MELANIID.!]!. 285 Well represented by the above-quoted figures in the Con. Indica ; it is doubtless Benson's original " eleijans." var. myurus. Melania myurus, Brot, Sev. Zool. 1860, pi. 16, Jig. 3, Java ; Conch.-Cah. IT, pi. 28y fig. 1, Java, Salmaheira [^Landauer] and " 1 Borneo [_Issel']." I consider this form scarcely separable even as a variety. I have seen equally cylindrical forms from India, &c. 3 Halmaheira; ex Mr. Landauer [\Q\, 7^]. Intermediate between the two larger figures in the Conch.- Cab., with more of the ordinary " scahra " type. 2 Halmaheira j ex Mr. Landauer, Eesembling pi. 28, fig. IB., 1. c. var. ? 1 Java, Philippines or Siam ? ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen. Long. 26|, diam. II mil. A very striking form, with very tumid and ovately produced last whorl, unlike any figure I can find. var. graniim. Melania granum (v. d. Busch), Philippi, All. I, 1844, Java ; fide Brot, distinct s}). and = Mel. scahrella, Mousson [not of Phil.'\ ; var. bucci- noidea, Mousson, Moll. Java, pi. 12, fig. 4, Lake Tirir. 5 Java; ex c. A. Morelet, Esq. Four of these are the spineless " var. huccinoldes,'^ of Mous- son. 12 Mauritius j coll. J. Caldwell and G. Nevill, Esqrs. Anfr. 3 ; long. 12, diam. 7 mil. An abundant small form, almost exactly resembling Javanese specimens. The spiral striation is quite as developed. Always strongly decollate. 286 MELANIIDiE. 96. Melania [Plotia], sp. ? 4 Telagu Patengan [Java] ; coll. Baron F. von Richthofen. Long. 17i, diam. 7 mil. I am quite unable to identify this species. It somewhat resembles Mel. jugt'costis, also Mel. unifas- ciata. 97. Melania aus trails. Melania Australis, Lea, F. Zool. S. 1850, Victoria Eiver ; Smith, Voy, Erebus, pi. 4, Jig. 3. ? var. [? distinct sp.]. - 1 Australia [?] ; ex c. Madras Museum [29|t, 11^]. A very doubtful form, with doubtfully correct habitat. Labelled " Mel. australis, Reeve, Australia." I may take this opportunity of warning European conchologists against the labels, identifications, &c., of the Madras Museum; I have found both equally untrustworthy. Sub-Genus MAINWABINGIA, nov. Tt/pe M. paludomoidea, n. sp. A new generic form, apparently connecting Melania and Paludomus, distinguished by the presence of rows of hairs or bristles, especially noticeable on the body whorl, which is ornamented with broad revolving brown bands ; not umbilicate ; apex remarkably acute, " quasi styliform " ; peristome acute, columella thickened and excavately inflected. Operculum transparent, of one substance throughout, — that is, without any thickened process for attachment, — of very light horn-colour, without sculpture, ovate, acuminate at one end, at the other rounded, and distinctly terminally subspiral, with 2J whorls, closely resembling Adam's pi. XXXV, fig. lOA-B., operculum of Hydrobia ulvce. 98. Melania [Mainwaringia] paludomoidea, n. sp. Long. 9i, diam. 4^^ 5 apert. lorg. 3| mil. Imperforate, conically produced, spire turretedly acuminate, apex very acute, suture distinct ; of a rather yellowish, bright MELANIID^. 287 ** horn "-colour, girt on the last whorl with three distinct, broad, dark-brown bands, showing clearly within the aperture ; spirally regularly striated, below the slight subangulation of each whorl, the striae prominent, with a minutely " quasi punctate " ap- pearance, the above becoming somewhat obsolete ; covered more or less with rather long and well-developed hairs ; whorls nine, the apical three exceedingly minute, white and sculptureless, the next five slightly subangulate a little above the middle, cylindrically turreted, last whorl rather tumidly convex, about the same length as the spire ; aperture rather small, vertically ovate, peristome acute, columella thickened, dark violet coloured, inflected obliquely, at base sharply angulate. Operculum as above described ; it seems to me slightly convex. 6 Mutlah River at Port Canning; coll. Colonel Gr. B. Mainwaring, J. Wood-Mason, Esq., and Dr. F. Stoliczka. Found by Colonel Mainwaring in brackish water on trunks of trees submerged at high tide. Sub-family PALUDOMIN^, Stoliczka. Genus PALUDOMUS, Swainson, Treat. Malac. 1840, p. 340, types Melania glohulosa, conica and retusa. Gray ; Layard, Ann. Mag. 1835, type restricted Faludomus conica, Gray. 1. Paludomus conica. Melania conica, Grap, Gri^th's Cuvier, 1834, and Hanley, Con. Misc. fig. 34 [type'] ; fide Hanhy, Con. Indica, p. 50 = P. rudis. Reeve, P. Z. S., 1852, Loc, ? ; = Melania crassa, Busch, Phil. Abb. 1847, Bengal [not Pal. crassa of IsseV] ; vars. ? = P. maurus, Bv., P, Z. S., 1852, Ganges, and P. paludinoides, Bv., SiJckim. 7 Gowhatty ; coll. Museum Collector. Resembles M. Brot's pi. II, fig.a4. 20 Teria Ghat, Mangken Rv., Digong Rv. and Jaintia Hills j coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen. Well represented by M. Brot's pi. II, fig. 1 3. 6 Sylliet ; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal. 288 MELANIID^. Very fine specimens, long. 28, diam. 22 mil., conf. Brot, pi. II, fig. 12. 10 Samagooting ; coll. S. E. Peal, Esq. 7 Cachar; coll. Dr. Jevdon [A. S. B.]. 12 Assam; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 30 Silcuri [Cacliar] ; coll. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. subvar. clierraensis, nov. Long. 16, diam. 13 J, mil. A short spired form, closely re sembling P. glohdosa in shape. 6 Teria Ghat [type subvar.] ; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin -Austen. 2 Maugken River, Assam; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen. subvar. dihiriensis, nov. Long. 17J, diam. 12 mil. 6 Stream on the Dihiri Hill [Brahmaputra watershed] ; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen. subvar. chittagongensis, nov. Long. 21, diam. 14 mil. Resembling M. Bret's pi. II, fig. 13, but with the spire even more produced and the last whorl less tumid. 10 Chittagong [type var.] ; coll. H. Raban, Esq. var. sibsaugorensis, nov. Long. 20, diam. 14| mil. Agrees well with M. Brot's pi. 8, figs. 8-9, " P.paludinoides, Reeve, Himalaya," which is probably this variety and not Reeve's Sikkim form. 8 Sibsagar ; coll. S. E. Peal, Esq. var. pealiana, nov. Long. 19J, diam. 15 mil. 5 Assam ; ex c. Asiat. Soc Benfjal [coll. Robinson, Esq.]. 1 Sibsagar ; coll. S. E. Peal, Esq. MELANIIDJE. 289 var. jaintiaea, nov. Long. 14|, diam. 10 mil. Spire not decollate, unusually sharp- pointed. 4 S. Jaintia Hills; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin- Austen. var. kopiliensis, nov. Long. 24 J, diam. 21 mil. Whorls IJ only, the apical ones being decollate, last whorl remarkably inflated, subangulate. 10 Kopili River, North Assam ; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen. iO North Assam ; ex e. Dr. T. Oldham. subvar. nana, nov. Long. 16, diam. 14| mU. Only 1| whorls. 4 W. Khasi Hills ; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen. var. paludinoides. Paludomus paludinoides, Eeeve, P. Zool. Soc, 1852, Ganges, This is perhaps a distinct species, but my series is not large enough for me to judge. 2 Sikkim ; coll. Captain Sherwill [A. S. B.]. These agree with Con. Indica, pi. 123, fig. 9. subvar. 2 Sikkim ; coll. Captain Sherwill [A. S. B.]. Like the preceding, but spirally sulcate. subvar. 3 Sikkim; coll. Captain Sherwill [A. S. B.]. 2. Paludomus ornata. Paludomus ornata, Benson, Ann. Mag. XVII, 1836, "Segno Jiurmanico** long. 18, diam. 18 mil. ; Con. Indica. pi. 108, Jig. 8, and Conch.-Cab. II, fl. 7, figs. 18-20 [operculum bene}. 6 Pegu ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 20 Ava and Mandalay ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. T 290 MELANIJD^. 3. Paludomus andersoniana. Paludomus andersoniana, Q. Nevill, Journ. Asiat. Soc, Bengal, 1877, Bhamd I. c. 1881, pi V, Jig. 2. 30 Bhamd [type], Mandalay, Ava, and Kabyaet ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson, var. myadoungensis. P. andersoniana, var. myadoungensis, O. Nevill, J. A. IS. B., 1881, Mya- A small, decollate, and prettily marked variety, with the whorls more rounded. Long. 15, diam. 12 mil. 2 Myadoung, Upper Burma [type var.] ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. subspecies peguensis [an potius sp. dist. ?]. Paludomus andersoniana, var. peguensis, Q. Nevill [an sp. n. ?], Journ. Asiat. Soc, Bengal, 1877, Pegu ,- Con. Indica, pi. 108. fig. 6, as « P. regulata, var." ; Brot, Couch.- Cah. II , pi. 7, figs. 2-3, as ** P. andet- sonianus, var'' 20 Pegu Yoma [type var.] ; coll. Dr. F, Stoliczka, &c. 3 ^va [?] ; ex c. Dr. P. Stoliczka. subvar. nana. G. Nevill, J. A. S. B., 1S81, Pegu. Long. 15, diam. 11 mil. Spiral sculpture a trifle less distinct. 12 Pegu ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. 4. Paludomus regulata. Paludomus regulata, Benson, Ann. Mag. XVII, 1856, Thyet-Myo, long, 19 to 24, diam. 12 to 14 mil. ; Con. Indica, pi. 108, fig. 5 ; Brot, Conch.'Cah, II, pi. 7, figs. 14 and 17 [not IS}, 5 Thyet Myo; ex c. Asiat. Soc, Bengal [coll. W. Theobald, Esq.]. 20 Prome ; coll. W. T. Blanford. Esq. The largest I have seen measures long. 24, diam. 17 mil. MELANIIDJl. 291 subvar. minor. Brot, Conch.-Cah. Ilypl. 7, fig. 16. 8 Burma ; ex c. Dr. F, Stoliczka. Long. 15J, diam. 10 mil. 5. Paludomus blanfordiana. Paludomus blanfordiana, G. Nevill, J. As. Soc, Bengal, 1877, Ava, ^c, and L c. 1881, pi. V, fig. 3 ; Con. Indica. pi. 108, fig. 9, as " P. labiata» from Tongoop " \_not £. labiata, Benson, from Tenasserim']. 12 Ava [type] and Bassein District [Arakan] ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson, &c. 25 Gowhatty [Assam] ; coll. Museum Collector. 6. Paludomus petrosa. Paludir% petrosa, Gould, P. Bost. S. 1843, Tavoy ; = Paludomus lahiosa, Benson, Ann. Mag. 1856, Tenasserim Valleg, long. 13, diam. 11 mil. ; Inot P. lahiosa. Con. Indica, pi. 108, fig. 9, from Tongoop'] ; Nevill, J.A.S. B., 1881, pi. V, fig. 5, Tavoy. 7 Tavoy [typical] ; coll. W. Theobald, Esq. [A. S. B,]. Gould's original description I consider excellent, though unfortunately he gives no measurements ; at any rate it is quite unmistakeable ; Benson probably overlooked it, owing to the species having been described as a Paludina. 1. Paludomus burmanica. Paludomus burmauica, G. Nevill, J. Asiaf. Soc. Bengal, 1877, Yaylaymaio, Sfc, long. 14h diam. 12 mil, and I. c. 1881, pi. V, fig. 4; Brot, Conch.- Cah. II, pi. 8, fig, 12 [sp. juv.']. 8 Mandalay [not quite adult] ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. 7 Yaylaymaw [type] ; coll. Dr. J. Anderson. 8. Paludomus species ? 3 Java ? [not quite adult] ; coll. Baron von Ricbthofen. 9. Paludomus reticulata. Paludomus reticulata, W. T. Blanford, J. As. Soc, Bengal, 1870, N. CacTiar, alt. 19, diam. 17 mil. ; Con. Indica, pi. 108, fig. 4. 6 Mangken River, N. Jaintia [typical] ; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin- Austen. 29:2 MELANIIDJl. 10. Paludomus isseli. Paludomus isseli, Brot, Conc^i.-Cab. II, 1880, for P. crassus, Issel, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 1874, p. 458, Sarawak [not P. crassus, BuscK], 3 Sarawak [typical] j ex c. Prof. A. Issel. Can be easily distinguislied from P. conica [= crassa, Buseli] by its smaller size, absence of any trace of bands within the aperture, and, especially, by there being no trace of the impress- ed spiral sulcations near the suture so characteristic of P. Long. 18, diam. 13J mil. 11. Paludomus lutea. Paludomus lutea, R. Adams, P. Zool. S., 1874, Borneo ;=P. moreleti, Issel, Ann. Mm. Civ. Genova, 1874, Borneo, long. 15, diam. 9 mil. 1 KSarawak [typical] ; ex c. Prof. A. Issel. 12. Paludomus borneensis, n. sp. Issel, Ann. Mm. Civ. Genova, 1874, Sadong, as Faludina Tiamiltoni, Metcalfe, var persolida, nov. ; Martens, Zool. Rec. XII^ 1875, p. 164. 2 Sadong, Sarawak [type] ; ex c. Prof. A. Issel. 13. Paludomus obesa. Melania obesa, PUlippi, Ahb. 1847, pi. 4, fig. 3 \le.ne'\ Sah.l ;=P. [Rivu- Una] maczilatus. Lea, Proc. Philad. Ac. 1856, Ahmednuggnr and Ohs. XI, pi. 22, fig. 10; ?=P. parva, Laifard, Ann. Mag. 1855, Bombay [not of Brot, or Con. Indiea}. 20 Bombay Pres. ; coll Rev. S. B. Fairbank, &c. 18 Kliandala ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank. 20 Rajgbur Hill, Deccan ; coll. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 14. Paludomus ehilinoides. Paludomus chilinoides, Eeeve, Icon. 1847, fig. 7, Ceylon; Conch-Cab. II, pi. 6,figs.8—9. 6 Ballepane, Ceylon ; coll, H. F. Blanford, Esq. [A. S. B.]. 5 Ceylon ; coll. E. L. Layard and Dr. Kelaart [A. S. B.]. 20 Ceylon ,- coll. H. F. Blanford and H. Nevill, Esqrs. 4 Balcadua Pass, Ceylon ; ex c. As, Soc, Bengal. MELANTID^. ~93 var. [? clist. sp.]. 1 Hangwelle Elk, BaduUa ; coll. P. Layard, Esq. Probably quite a distinct species. var. Isevis, Paludomus Isevis, Layard, Ann. Mag. 1855, long. 11, diam. 7 lines, " same Locality as P. chiUnoides " ; Conch.-Cah. II, pi. 7, fig. 1 [bene], not Con. Indica, pi, 108, fig. 3. 7 Ceylou ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [sent as " P. Icevls, Lay.' ]. A very distinct and well-marked form, perhaps specifically separable. Much more divergent from typical specimens than any of the forms so well represented by Mr. H. F. Blanford, 1. c. It is a quite distinct form from that figured in the Con. Indica, as recorded further on. 15. Paludomus fulgurata. Paludomus fulguratus, Dohrn, P. Zool, S. 1857, Ceylon ^ Con. Indica, pi. 123, fig. 1 ; P. chiUnoides, var., Brot, Conch.-Cah. II, pi, 6y fig. 11 ; ?=P. phasianinus. Reeve, P. Z. S. 1852, " Seychelles" 1 Ceylou ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [labelled " very rare "]. Quite distinct from the preceding species, as well shown by the figures iu Con. Indica. Hanley's fig. 62, Conch. Misc., as P. phasianinus, Rv., is almost certainly the same sp. There can, in my opinion, be no doubt of Reeve's error as to the locality ; it most certainly never came from the Seychelles. 16. Paludomus constricta. Paludomus constrictus, Ueeve, Troc. Zool. Soc. 1852, Ceylon, " coll. Layard"; Con. Indica, pi. 126, fig. 1 ; P. chiUnoides var., Brot, Conch.-Cab. II, pi. 6, fig. 15. 4 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [sent as '' P. tumida, nov."]. 6 Ceylon ; ex c. Dr. F, Stoliczka [coll. H. Nevill, Esq.], The above-quoted fig. in the Conch. -Cab. is, as noted by M. Brot, not characteristic. The last whorl is as often ornamented with rows of small dots as it is without them ; the painting is, however, of a different character from that of P. chiUnoides. 294 MELANIID^. Mr. Layard, in tlie Ann. Mag. for 1855, describes the operculum as " typical, but apex much inclined to the left." 17. Paludomus tanjoriensis [emend.]. Helix tanschaurica, Gmelin, Syst. 1790'; Chemnitz, Coneh.-Cab. 7, Vol. IX, 1786, as Helix tanschauriensis of Gmelin ; emend. H. F. Blanford, Trans. Lin. Soc. 1863. 5 Poonamalee, Madras ; ex c. Asiatic Soc., Bengal. 30 Madras ; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq. 20 Trichinopoly ; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq. 30 Courtalier Kv. ; ex c. Madras Museum. var. palustris. Paludomus palustris, Layard, Ann. Mag. 1855, Ceylon. 1 Ceylon ; ex c. V.v. F. Stoliczka. 7 Ceylon ; coll. E. L. Layard, Esq. [A. S. B.]. 18 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. I unhesitatingly agree witb Mr. Blanford, in opposition to the decided opinion of M. Brot, in uniting the Madras and Ceylon forms ; the sTi'eater relative shortness of the last whorl is the most marked character, the peculiar sculpture, as shown in the Con. Indica, pi. 126, figs. 2-3, is seen in young specimens of both. The keels of the apical whorls are difficult to detect in the Ceylon form, specimens being always more or less decol- late ; nevertheless they can be traced every now and then. var. kadapaensis, nov. [dist. sp. ?]. 3 Kadapa District, Madras ; coll. W. King, Esq. Apparently without sculpture ; apex not acute ; spire pointed, of four to five whorls, longitudinally, regularly, handsomely flamed, somewhat as in P. parva, Layard, but in a less '* zigzag " manner. Long. 15f , diam. 9f mil ; spire slightly eroded only. var. malabarica, nov. 9 Travancore ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome. 5 Puluey Hills ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank. Decollate and in shape exactly resembling the Ceylon var. palustris ; decussating striae, however, obsolete in the adult, as in the typical Madras form, spiral striation very variable MELANIID^. • 295 in amount of development. Long, 1G|, diam. 11| mil. ; decollate, three whorls only remaining. 18. Paludomus monile. Paludomus monile IThorpe], Sanlei/, Con. Indiea, pi. 108, fig. 10, S. India • fide Brot=P. ohesa, PMl.f var. 3 Udamancliola, Travancore ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome [14i, 11]. 3 Travancore ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome. 1 Trevandrum ; ex c. W. Theobald, Esq. [coll. Bourdillon, Esq.]. An interesting form intermediate between my preceding var. hadapaemis and the figure (1. c.) of P. monile. This species is evidently quite unknown to M. Brot, except, of course, from the original figure, which is not good, being far too brightly coloured, &c. 1 Balarangam [spec, juv.] ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome. Unfortunately only a single, not adult, specimen, apparently of tjrpical P. ?nonile. 6 South Travancore ; coll. Colonel R. H, Beddome. 19. Paludomus rotunda. Paludomus rotunda, W. T. JBlanford, J. As. S. Beng. 1870, Travancore, ali-^ 15, diam. 14 mil. ; Con. Indiea, pi. 108, fig, 2. 10 Balarangam, Anaraallays [typical] ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome. var. microstoma, nov. Long. 11, diam. 10 mil. Much eroded, 1| whorls only re- maining. 6 Anaraallay Rivers i coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome. 7 Madura Hills ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome. 20. Paludomus inflata. Paludomus inflatus, Brot, Conch.-Cab. II, 1879, pi. 8, figs. 25—26, Travan- core and AmergJiat, long. 18, diam. 14 mil. 3 Travancore ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome. 3 Tinnevelly ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome. Much finer and more characteristic than the type specimens. Long. 23, diam. 19 mil. 296 MSLANIIDiE. 21. Paludomus, sp. Con. Indica, pi. 10S,Jig. 3, as Pal. Icevis [not of LayarcC]. 2 Ceylon ; ex c. d. Nevill, Esq. Quite distinct from P. chilinoides, may prove to be a var. of the preceding species, or even possibly of P. tanjorieyisis. There can be no doubt as to the error of identification in the Con. Indica ; the last whorl is more or less ornamented with flames, and the sculpture is distinct and peculiar ; all of these characters the above recorded two specimens possess ; finally, it is not in the least like P. chilinoides. Layard distinctly states his P. Icevis is smooth and without ornamentation on the last whorl ; he further considers it doubtfully distinctly from P. chilinoides ; in all of these respects the shell sent to me by my brother as P. Icevis, Lay., agrees perfectly ; this latter form is figured neither by H. F. Blanford, nor in the Con. Indica. 22. Paludomus ajanensis. Paludomns ajanensis, llorelet, Ser. Conch. II, 1860, Hafoun near Cape Gtiardafai, long. 11, diam. 6k mil.; =^ P. hacula, Brot [^not of Reeve]. 15 Mahe I., Seychelles ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 4 Log. ? ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. The measurements agree exactly with those of M. Morelet ; the spire is rather more acuminate, and the whorls less convex, than in original figure. var. silhouettensis, nov. Paludomus, n. sp. ?, Nevill, P. Zool. S. 1869, Silhouette. Under the lens, beautifully and regularly, very closely, spirally striate, striae not so coarse as in the preceding, nor so flexuous, but closer together ; spire shorter, decollate, in the adult speci- men of two whorls only, in the one not quite adult of three ; texture less solid, epidermis of a brighter green ; whorls more convex, the last one more globosely tumid ; aperture larger in proportion and more everted. Adult type of variety — long. 9, diam. 6J mil. ; operculum resembles that of typical specimens. 2 Silhouette I., Seychelles [type var.] ; coll. G. Nevill, Esq. 23. Paludomus striatula. Paludomus striatula, H. Nevill, MS. 2 Ceylon [type] ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [sent as " P. striata, nov.]. MELANIID2E. 297 Long. 18, diam. 13| mil. ; strongly decollate, two whorls only remaining. M. Brot's pi. 7, figs. 7-8 in the Conch.-Cab. P. isseli, from Borneo, gives an exact representation of this new and rare Ceylon form ; the well- developed, crowded, almost granulose spiral striation will at once distinguish it. 24. Paludomus africana. Paludomus africanus, von Martens^ Monats. Berlin, 1S78, p. 297, Finhoni, coast of Zanzibar. 2 Somali Land [typical] ; ex c. Dr. H. Dohrn. Prof, von Martens has also described a PahidomAis exarata, I. c, from the same highly interesting locality. Mr. Smith in P. Z. S., 1881, p. 294^, seems to consider the form as not separable from Melanin fer nig inea, Lea, P. Z. S.p 1850, Zanzi- bar=3f"eZ. zanquebarica. Petit, J. de 0., 1852. 25. Paludomus stephanus. Malania stephanus, Benson, J. A. S. B., 1836, N. U. Bengal ; Con. Indica, pi. 122, Jig. 10;=Melania coronata [v, d. Busch\ Fhil. Abb. 1S42, Bengal. 11 Sjlliet [types] ; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal. 20 Khasi Hills ; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen. Grows to a large size — long. 28J, diam. 22 mil. 26. Paludomus travancorica. Paludomus travancorica, Beddome ms., Blanford, Journ. Asiat, Soc. Bengal^ 1881, Travancore. 4 Travancore [typical] ; coll. Colonel R. H. Beddome. 27. Paludomus microsculpta, n. sp. 2 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [sent as " F. striata, nov., very rare "]. Sub-Genus PHILOTOTAMIS, Layard. Ann. Mag. 1855, type Pal. sulcata. Reeve. Mr. Layard states, 1. c, that the section inhabits mountain torrents, and describes the operculum as possessing a terminal nucleus. 298 MELANIID^. 28. Paludomus [Philopotamis] globulosa, Melania globulosa, Gray, GriffiWs Cuvier, 1834, var. = P. hicinctus, Rv. fide Auct. 20 Ambegammoa, &c., Ceylon ; coll. H. F. Blanford and H. Nevill, Esqrs. Specimens, even in youth, very rarely show sncli bands within the aperture as are depicted in Con. Iconica, pi. 123, fig. 5. 29. Paludomus [Philopotamis] bicincta. Paludomus bicinctus, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852, " Mountain streams in Ceylon " ; Eanley, Conch. Misc. 1854, fig. 42 [type] ; a true Paludomus, fide Layard, Ann. Mag. 1855 ; fide Brot = P. ahbreviatus. Peeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1852, Ceylon. .5 Ceylon ; exc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal [coll. E. L. Layard, Esq.]. These agree with Mr. Hanley's figure, 1. c, and M. Brot's pi, 5, fig. 11. They measure— long. 20, diam. 15J mil. 15 Balcadua Pass, &c., Ceylon j coll. H. Nevill and H. F. Blanford, Esqrs. A smaller form than the preceding, agreeing with Con. Indica, pi. 123, fig. 10, and with M. Brot, pi. 5, figs. Q-l. 4 Ceylon ; coll. E. L. Layard, Esq. [A. S. B.]. A form with contracted aperture. 30. Paludomus [Philopotamis] rapgeformis. Paludomus rapaformis, Brot, Conch.- Cab. II, 1880, pi 5, fig. 10, Locality 1, " ex coll. Angas." 2 Matelle, Ceylon ; coll. F. Layard, Esq. [as " P. bicinctus " var.]. A very distinct species, admirably described by M. Brot, and which I had long intended describing myself. I have little doubt M. Brot's specimens were from the same source as mine, IVEr. Angas having been in correspondence with the late Mr. F. Layard. 31. Paludomus [Philopotamis] sulcata. Paludomus sulcatus. Peeve, Icon. 1847, Patna/poora, Ceylon. 12 Avisavella, &c., Ceylon ; coll. H. F. Blanford and H. Nevill, Esqrs. MELANIID^. 299 subvar. minor. Conf. Brot,pl.5,fig. 18, Ceylon. 6 Ceylon j ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. var. conlracta, nov. Brot, Conch.-Cah, II, -pi. 5, figs. 19-20, as " P. sulcatus, var." from Peradenia. 6 Ambegamiiioa, Ceylon ; coll. H, F. Blanf ord, Esq. var. compacta. ** Philopotamls compacta, n. spJ", H. NeviU, in litt. as " almost extinct." 1 Ceylcu ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. Remarkable for its small aperture. Long. 16J, diam. llf mil. 32. Paludomus [Philopotamls] regalis. Paludomus regalis, Layard, Ann. and Mag. 1855, Ceylon. 10 Ceylon ; coll. H. F. Blauford and H. Nevill, Esqrs. 33. Paludomus [Philopotamls] nigricans, Paludomus nigricans. Reeve, Icon. 1847, Ceylon, at 6,000 ft. — " anfr. Icevibus suhangulatis." 14 Newera Ellia, Ceylon ; coll, H. NeviU and F. Layard, Esqrs. ]\Iy brother sent to Dr. Stoliczka this, the typical form, as *' Phil, misconceptus/' nov., evidently considering it distinct from the following, in which view he may prove to be correct. var. subgranulosa, nov. [? dist. sp.]. Brot, Conch.-Cah. II, 1880, pi. 6, fig. 6, Newem miia, as « var. B." 12 Ceylon ; coll. H. P. Blanford, Esq. 34. Paludomus [Philopotamls] ventricosula. Paludomus ventricosula, H. NeviU, Esq., Ms., Brot, Conch.-Cah. II, 1880, pi. 5, fig. 3, as Philopotamis violacea, Layard. Both shell and operculum admirably figured as above by ]yi. Brot ; it is, as there stated, a true Philopotamis, whereas 300 MELANIIDiE. P. violacea is a true Tanalia. The latter is not in Mr. H. F, Blanford's collection, and is apparently unknown to Messrs. Brot and Han ley. 2 Ceylon [with opercula] ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. 2 " Kaudapanue Ella, 4 Corles," Ceylon ; coll. F. Layard, Esq. Sent to me as Paludonms, n. sp. 2 Hacka^alle, Ceylon [with opercula] ; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq. [labelled " T. violacea"']. 35. Paludomus [Philopotamis] erronea, nov. Con. Indica, pi. lOS, fig. 7, as P. parva '[}iof of Laiiard] ; ? P. phasia- ninus, Layard, Ann. Mag. 1855, Ceylon [jiot of Reeve]. 6 Hackgiille, Ceylon [at 5,500 ft.] ; ex c. As. Soc. Bengal [coll. E. L. Layard, Esq.]. 20 Ceylon ; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq. This is most certainly not the P. parva, of Layard — long. 6 diam. 4 lines — from Bombay " with fine, spiral, brown lines," which is most likely a var. of P. ohesa, PhiliiDj^i. The only ally, I know, of Paludomus erronea is P. nigricans, of which ]\ir. H. F. Blanford considers it a smooth variety ; the above-quoted figure, however, shows the differences at a glance. The operculum is that of Fhilopotamis. Long. 10-J, diam. 6J mil. Apparently it is not figured by M. Brot ; the nearest seems to be his pi. 6, fig. 14, " P. chilinoides, var. phasianinus.'^ 36. Paludomus [Philopotamis] subdentata. Paludomus subdentata, H. Nevill, MS. Resembles Brot's pi. II, fig. 2 [P. nigricans']. Almost smooth, prettily longitudinally striped, " flames " only slightly flexuous ; columella very broadly excavated, alabaster white, subdentate at base ;, spire truncate, two whorls only re- maining, the last one convexly swollen ; flames are discernible ■within the aperture. Long. 13|, diam. 9f mil. 2 Coylon [type] ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. MELANIlDJi]. 301 37. Paludomas [Philopotamis] decussata. Paludomus decussatus, Reeve, P. Zool. S. 1852, Ceylon, " coll. Lai/ ard " ; Fhilopotamis sp., H. F. Blanford [not JBrof], 1 Ceylon [with operc] ; coll. H, Nevill, Esq., [as "very rare"]. 3 John's Hill, Ceylon; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq. The cliaracteristic sculpture is very distinct in my brother's fine specimen. Sub-Genus TANALIA, Gray. Froo. Zool. Sac, 1854, type Nerita aculeata, Chemnitz ; sect. = Stomatodon, Benson, Ann, Mag. 1862, type Pal. stomatodon [dist. Genus, fide Prot, ISSO^. Mr. Layard states that the section inhabits mountain tor- rents. Dr. Stoliczka described and figured a tertiary species from the N. E. Alps as T. pichleri, Homes, in the Sitz. K. Ak. Wien XXXVIII, 1859 ; I think this form is correctly classi- fied, but probably his figs. 7-9 represent a distinct species from fig. 6. 38. Paludomus [Tanalia] aculeata. Nerita aculeata, Chemnitz, ConcTi.-Cah. fig. 1642, 1786 [not Nerita aculeata, Owelin = Neritina sp.'] ; fide Brot, 1880, should be Tanalia loricata, lieeve, Icon. 1847, Rapids of Adam's Peak, Ceylon; fide Brot, var. = Tanalia similis, Layard. 30 Ce} Ion ; coll. H. F. Blanford and H. Nevill, Esqrs. Long. 40, diam. 35 mil. suhvar. erinacoa. Paludomus erinaceus, Reeve, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1852, Ceylon; = P. sHnneri, Dohrn, P. Zool. Soc. 1857, Ceylon. 7 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. I cannot separate P. skinneri, Dohrn, even as a sub-variety. var. undata. Paludomus undatus, Reeve, Icon. 1847, "Adam's PeaJc, Ceylon" [fide Brotj not aduW], 15 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill and H. F. Blanford, Esqrs. 302 MELANIID^. var. nodulosa. Paludomus nodulosus, DoTirn, P. Zool. S. 1857, Ceylon. 3 Ratnapoora; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [as " P,fumculata, Rv/'J. subvar. aerea. Paludomus aereus. Reeve, P. Zool. S. 1852, Ceylon. The following agree fairly with M. Brot's figs., but not with that of the Con. Indica. 6 Ceylon ; ex e. Dr. F. StoHezka. var. reevei. Tanalia reevei, Layard, Ann. Mag. 1855, Ceylon, Ratnapoora. 1 Ceylon ; ex c. Dr. F. StoHezka. 2 Ceylon; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. Resemble Con. Indica, pi. 124, fig. 5. subvar. minor. 5 Ceylon ; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq. Resemble Conch.-Cab. II, pi. 3, fig. 10. var. layardi. Paludomus layardi, Reeve, P. Zool, S. 1852, Ceylon. 1 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [as " P. nodulosa, Dohrn "]. Long. 27i, diam. 24 J mil. The interior markings are " arrow-headed " and very beauti- ful. It is unlike both Brot's and Hanley's figures,- — nearer the latter. var. funiculata. Paludomus funiculatus, Reeve, Icon. 1847, Ratnapoora in Ceylon ; ? = P. picta, of Brot, pi. 4, Jigs. 2 and 3 [not of Layard}. 14 Ceylon; coll. H. P. Blanford and H. Nevill, Esqrs. MELANlIDiE. 303 var. piCta. Paludoraus pictus. Reeve, Icon. 1857, Ceylon, Ratnapoora. 4 Ceylon; ex c. Asiat. Soc, Bengal [coll. E. L. Layard,'.Esq.]. 4 Yatteantotte, Ceylon ; coll. H. F. Blanford, Esq. subvar. distinguenda. Paludomus distinguendus, Dohrn, P. Zool. Soc. 1857, Ceylon. 8 Kitoolgalle, &c., Ceylon ; coll. H. F. Blanford and H. Nevill, Esqrs. These last resemble M. Brot's pi. 4, fig. 4, " P. distinguenda, Dohrn," not the P. distinguenda of Con. Indica. subvar. [?] 1 Ceylon ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. subvar. torrenticola. Paludomus torrenticola, Dohrn, P, Zool. S. 1858, Ceylon, 3 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [as " P. distinguendus, rare"'\. Agree only fairly with Messrs, Brot's and Hanley's figures, — a rather smaller form. 39. Paludomus [Tan alia] neritoides. Paludomus neritoides, Ueeve, Icon. 1847, Amhegamoa, Ceylon. 12 Pusilawe, Ballepane, &c., Ceylon ; coll. H. F. Blanford and H, Nevill, Esqrs. 4 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [as " T. picta "]. subvar. dilatata [?] Paludomus dilatatus. Reeve, P. Zool. S. 1852, Ceylon. 1 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. var. gardneri. Paludomus gardneri. Reeve, Icon. 1847, " Foot of Adam's Peak.'* 2 Ceylon ; ex c. G. Nevill, Esq. 304 MELANTIDiB. var. thwaitesi [?] Paladomus thwaitesi, Layard, F. Zool. S. 1854, Ceylon, 1 Ceylon ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka. var. tennenti. Palndomus tennentii, Tieexie, Icori. 1847, " Adam's Pealcr 13 Ballepane, &c., Ceylon ; coll. H. F. Blanf ord and H. Nevill, Esqrs. Tar. globosa. P. neritoides, var. glohosa, Brot, Condh.-Cal. II, 1880, pL 8, fig. 1, 2 Ceylon j ex e. G. Nevill, Esq. var. dromedarius. Paludomus dromedarius, Dohrn, Proc. Zool. 8oe. 1857, Ceylon. 2 Ceylon,- ex c. Madras Museum, subvar. P. fief a, var. pi. 4, fig. 3, is perTiaps this form ; in any case it is a very distinct and cnrions variety. 2 Ceylon; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [28, 23]. 40. Paludomus [Tanalia] solida. Paludomus solidus, Dohm, P. Zool. Soc. 1857, Ceylon, 1 Ceylon ; ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka [12, 9|]. Agrees exnctly with M. Brot's pi. 4, fig. 7b. It is probably one of Mr. H. F. Blanford's specimens from Hodlangkanda, Kirime. ' 41. Paludomus [Tanalia] hanleyi. Paludomus hanleyi, BoTirn, P. Zool. S. 1858, Ceylon, long. 18, diam. 13 mil. Con. Indica, 125, fig. 10. ■ 7 Elletotta Ella and Kaloopaliann, Uluawab, Ceylon; coll. F. Layard, Esq. MELANIIDJ!. 305 Agree exactly Tvith the figure in Con. Indica, and with original description and measurements. var. subpieta. 2 Yatteantotte, Ceylon; coll. H F. Blanford, Esq., ex c. As. Soc. var. major [? dist. sp.]. Long. 23, diam. 20 mil. 4 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [as "P. ? Sanlet/i"}, The preceding two forms do not agree well together, nor with any figure in the Conch.-Cab. or Con. Indica. The very broad and excavate columella, faintly stained with light brown, is a good characteristic of all the group. 42. Paludomus [Tanalia] stomatodon. Paludoraus stomatodon, Benson, Ann. Mag. 1862, Travancore; sect, Stoma- todon. 20 Travancore, at 1,000 to 5,000 ft. ; coll. Rev. S. B. Fairbank. 43. Paludomus [Tanalia ?], n. sp. 1 Khasi Hills ; coll. Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen. Long. 18, diam. 15 mil. Unfortunately, does not possess its operculum. There is nothing like it in Mr. H. F. Blanford's collection, nor can I find any figure at all approaching it. 44 Paludomus [Tanalia] violacea. Paludomus violaceus, Layard, Ann. Mag. 1855, long. 6, diam. 5 lines; " bettoeen Gilh/malle and Pallabaddoola, near Adam's Peak ;" Con. Indica, pi. 122, Jig. 1; not Philopotamis violacea, Brot \^=Phil. ventricosula Nev."]. 3 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [as " P. violacea "]. The opercula are those of a true Tanalia; I do not think there can be any doubt whatever that this is the true T. violacea. The specimens were collected by my brother in the original locality. MELANIIDJl. var. similis. Paludomus similis, LayarA, Ann. Mag, 1855, p. 138, near Ratnapoora. A rather larger, smoother, and lighter-coloured variety, agree- ing in all essential characters, those of the columella, &c. 1 Ceylon ; coll. H. Nevill, Esq. [as " P. similis, Lay."], From the original locality, I believe. Government ot India Central Printing Office.— No. 11 1. M.— 14.8.84.-400. M no 9immmfm^ \U ■\.;;.,Vr-A'^'.ViV>;' Wmhm mil