Peo VICKE S Svienee-Gossip: AN ILLUSTRATED MEDIUM OF INTERCHANGE AND GOSSIP FOR STUDENTS AND wor ris OF NATURE. EDITED BY Dreyer TAYLOR, F.L'S., F.G.S,, F.R:GS.L., HON, MEMBER OF THE MANCHESTER LITERARY CLUB, OF THE SUFFOLK INSTITUTE OF ARCH OLOGY ND NAT. HISTORY, OF THE NORWICH GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, OF THE MARYPORT SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY, OF THE ROTHERHAM LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY, OF THE NORWICH SCIENCE-GOSSIP CLUB, OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALASIA, OF THE VICTORIAN FIELD NATURALISTS’ CLUB, ETC., ETC. VOLUME XXIX. London: CEA O MAND NVENDUS Ss PICCADILLY: 1893. [All rights reserved.| Ware fy ci Atk sor de es ah IK Uae 24 t nls Syed mai ADU Ma ee From ]. E. Wayvtor, F.L:S., ETc. WING to ill-health I have found myself unable to continue the editorship of ScIENCE-GossIP. In bidding adieu to its numerous readers and contributors, with numbers of whom I have been in pleasant correspondence for nearly a quarter of a century, it is with pleasure I find myself succeeded in the editorial chair by so able a naturalist as Mr. John T. Carrington. I shall always regard our widely circulated Magazine with some- thing of personal affection, for my long connection with it has secured me hosts of personal friends and acquaintances. Mr. Carrington is too well-known to need any personal introduction, and it is pleasant to think I may often come into contact with old friends through my own contributions to its pages. No other Scientific Magazine occupies the position of ScIENCE- Gossip. It not only records the newest discoveries in every department of Natural Science, but opens the door to all young naturalists wishing to record their own observations and discoveries. Hence there has always been a freshness and vigour in its pages which no other Scientific Journal can lay claim to. Not a few of our leading naturalists made their first essays in its pages. The volumes of ScrENcE-GossIP, from its commencement, in 1865, are the completest historical record of the progress of Natural Science in our language. Every branch of the subject has been discussed in its pages, and every new discovery has been therein recorded. Over the long period of its vigorous existence it has formed a library in itself. Science will grow from more to more, and the scope of our Magazine will broaden with the coming years. Under the able editorship of my successor our Magazine will take a fresh lease of life. That its life may be long is my sincere hope. Adieux are always painful to utter, and it cannot be wondered at, therefore, if I feel regret at having to say to all my old readers and contributors, FAREWELL! ye: oh “ Sin TNs RAGS Mie vase WS, iy nr ra) ve earn gay Nts Be ah “iL SeR My. Pash Vi J Jipert heh JG AL IRID) WV HE IIE OS) SC IOSEIN CJZESCOS SIZ Vv INDEX TO) VOL. XXIX. ABNORMAL FLOWER OF FOoXGLOVE, 166 Abnormal Lamb, An, 143 Acicula lineata var. alba, 47 Adhesive Corners, 16 Alien and Casual Plants, 21 Amateur Naturalist, 141 Ancestry of Lamprey, 17 Andromeda, Constellation of, 19 Animals and Medicine, 1 Animals during Thunder, 191 Animals, Instinct of Locality in, 94 Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., 43, 91, 163 Answers to Correspondents, 24, 48, 72, 96, 144, 168 Ant Communities, 23 Ants, Recognition of, 183 Arabia, Geology of, 43 Avion celticus, 141 Artificial Protoplasm, 118 Asbestos, 18 Astronomical Discoveries, Recent, 73 Astronomy, 19 Australia, Tobacco in, 66, 95 Australian Snakes, 143 BACTERIA, SOME USES OF, 18 Bacteria and Light, 67 Bacteria, Lecture on, 117 Barn Owls, Destruction of, 89 Barrier Reef of Australia, 43 Beach, Dagenham, 18 Beddgelert, Sulphur at, 94 Birds’ Eggs, Sucked, 167 Birkbeck Society, 189 Birth of Christ, date of, 44 Biscobra, 68 | Black Rat in London, 69 Black-veined White Butterfly, 20 Blue-bottle Flies, 100 Blue Eyes, Great Men with, 19 | Blossom and Fruit, 23 Books (see Notes on New) | Bosquet of Julia, 51 | Botan. Laboratory, Pennsylvania, 119 Botanical Monstrosities, 69 Botany, 21, 45, 69, 93, 119, 142, 166 Bottle-Journey, A, 71 Bow and Bromley Institute, 116 British Dragon Flies, 95 British Land Molluscs, 171 British Land and Freshwater Mollusca, Conch. Soc. New List, 15, 25 | | Coloration of Flowers, 22 | Cornwall, Colas in, 10 Cromer, Scandinavian Boulders at, 46, British Orthoptera, 59 Broken Hill Minerals, 66 Butterfly, Black-veined White, 20 Butterflies Come Home to Roost, 142 Butterflies in Captivity, 190 CAMBRIDGE LocaL LECTURES, 43 Canais of Mars, 17 Can Dogs Talk, 113 Casual and Alien Plants, 21 Celestium, The, 70 Cellulose, Cocoa-, 67 Chameleon, The, 167, 191 Champignons de France, 20 Change of Climate, 142 Chatham Islands, Flightless Birds in, 163 | Chemical and Physical Research, 80 Chicago Telescope, The, 95 Child Life Almanack, 42 Climate Tested by Fossil Plants, 43 Climate and Vegetation, 66 Clouded-yellow in Cornwall, 10 Coal Boring in Eastern Counties, 43 Coccide, Curious Group of, 76 Coltas edusa in Cornwall, 10 Colias edusa, Periodical appearance of, 8 Colias hyale in Cornwall, to Coloration in Plants, 22 Colour-Blindness, 190 Coloured Light and Plants, 117 Colours of Flowers, 184 | Colours in Dried Flowers, 21 | Comet, 19 Common Sheldrake, 189 Conchological Cracknels, 182 Conchological Notes, 171 Conchological Society’s New List of | Brit. Mollusca, 15, 25 Corrals of Australia, 43 Cordiceps militaris, 93 Corncrake in December, 47 Cornwall, Clouded-yellow in, 10 Cubic inches in Gallon of Water, 23 Cuckoo, The, 191 Cure for Stammering, A, 143 Curiosity Shows, 179 DAGENHAM BEACH, 18 Day in Westmoreland, A, 158 Davies, Thomas, death of, 44 Detrital Character of Wealden Green- sand, 147 Development of Colour of Flowers, 131 | Devonshire, Wasps in, 163 Dew and Frost, Observations on, 18 Diamonds, Artificial, 91, 92 Diamonds, Corroded, 65 Diatoms, Parasite on, 117 Dicranuve vinula, 38 Dogs, Can Dogs talk, 113 Dorset, Golden Oriole in, 165 Doubtful Species of Gcistes 130, 165 Dragon-flies, British, 95 Dragon-fly, Gossip, 34 Dried Flowers,Colours of, 21 Drying Flowers, 69 Dye from Chestnut Wood, 67 EARLY RAMBLE IN ISLE OF WIGHT, 180 Early Stages of Teniocampa incerta, 177 Earthquake in Zante, 66 Earthworms, 18, 21 Eastern Counties Coal Boring, 43 East Sussex, A Walk in, 136 Egg, A Wonderful, 81 Electric Blowpipe, 67 Electric Piano, 118 | Electrical Furnace, 92 Electrical Heating, 42 Electrical Induction, 17 Electrical Power at Niagara, 42 English Channel, Tides in, 66 Ensilage, Note on, 89 Entomological Spring at Ipswich, 127 Entomologist, gt Entomologists’ Record, 91 Epidemic Pneumonia, 18 Erratum, Read Kobelt’s for Robert’s, 119 Ether-Spray and Temperature, 67 Everlasting Pea, Fickle Colour of, 46 Exchanges, 24, 48, 72, 96, 144, 168, 192 Exotic Orchids, Pollinia of, 49 Expansion of Air by Heat, 3 | Extinct Monsters, 44 | FAMILY CARES, 137 | Feathers, 55 Felstead, Nat. Hist. Soc., 90 Feuilles des Jeunes Nat., 118 Fickle Colour of Everlasting Pea, 46 | Field Club, Herts, 19 HARD WLOKE, SeS CLENGEsG O'S: Sie: Field Club, Wincanton, 188 Field Mice, 86 Fish Remains at Streatham, 71 Flightless Birds in Chatham Islands, 163 Flower of Foxglove, Abnormal, 166 Flowers, Colouration of, 22 Flowers, Colours of Dried, 21 Flowers yet fresh form Childhood, 145 Flowers, to dry, 69 Foams, Microscopic, 118 Fogs, Investigation of, 116 Folkestone, Nature Round, 97 Forage Plant, A New, 190 Foreign Rotifera in England, 4 Forest of Dean, Fossil Myriapod in, 46 Fossil Fish-bed in Warwickshire, 46 Fossil Myriapod, 46 Fossil Plants as tests of Climate, 43 Frost and Dew, Observations on, 18 Fruit and Blossom, 23 Fungus growing on Terebene Soap, A, 8 Fungi, Micro-, 70 Fungi, Microscopic, 20 Further Notes on Eggs, 33 GeEOGRAPH, DisTRIB. OF BIRDS, 163 Geological Field Class, London, 94 Geological Magazine, 166 Geology, 11, 22, 46, 70, 86, 94, 119, 141, 166 Geology, Extinct Monsters, 44 Geology of Arabia, 43 Geology of London, 11, 22 Geology, Walrusin Thames Valley, 19 Geum tnteymedium, 166 Geum inteymedium in Sussex, 142 Geum rivale, 166 Golden Oriole in Dorset, 165, 191 Gold-tails and Brown-tails, 99 Grasses,Natural Age of, 140 Gravitation, Variations of, 89 Green Lizard. Family cares of, 137 Green Water-dragon, 62 Greenwich Observatory, 163 Growing Plants in Coloured Light, 117 Gum Thus, 68 HASLEMERE Micro. and Nar, Hist, Soc., 163 Hastings, Mamalian Inscisor from, 119 Hedgehogs and Poison, 23 Herefordshire, Polypodum in red sand- | stone of, 141, 166, 191 Helix memoralis with Umbilicus, 93 Herefordshire Nat. Hist. Soc., 19, 88 History of a Famous Sea Anemone, 178 Honey-Dew, 167 Human Race, Origin of, 92 Humming-bird Hawk Moth, ror Hydra viridis, 62 Hydrometra gibbifera, 118 Hymenoptera, British Aculeate, 91 | | INDUCTION, ELECTRICAL, 17 Influenza, Russian, 92 Insect House at the Zoo, 166 Insect Selection, Colour of Flowers, 131 Insects, South American, 71 Instinct of Locality of Animals, 94 Intelligent Parrot, An, 143 Ipswich, Entomology at, 127 Ireland, Rocks of the N.W., 169 Irish Earthworms (new), 21, 163 Is there Vegetation on Mars, 155 Isle of Wight, Ramble in, 186 Jet at WESTON-SUPER-MARE, 04 Journal of Botany, 92 Julia, The Bosquet of, 51 Jupiter, Red Spot on, 19, 117 LABRADOR, DUPLICATE PLANTS FROM, 119 Lamb, An Abnormal, 143 Lamprey, Ancestry of, 17 Land Rail, 71 Landslip at Sandgate, 92 Land Surveying and Photography, 90 Leaves, Plant Shapes of, 93 Lecaniodiaspim, The, 76 Lectures, Cambridge Local, 43 Lectures, Royal Institution, 19 Lens, Telephotographic, 65 Light, Action of on Bacteria, 67 Linneus, 149 Lion-Tigers Bred in Dublin, 190, Liquefaction of Air, 66 Liquid Air, 117 Liverpool Science Students’ Assoc., 86 Local Moth, 189 | Lockjaw, 65 Locusts, Migratory, 120 London Geological Field Class, 94 London, Stray Plants in North, 22 London, Underground Geology of, 11, 22 Lower Greensand of the Wealden, 147 Lumbrici (new) 18, (check list) 21, 31 MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 68 Mammalian Inscisor from Hastings, 119 | Man and Toad, 167 Marcle Hill, 2 Mars, Canals of, 17 | Mars, is there Vegetation on, 155 Marsh Titmouse, Observation on the, 162 Meadow Pippets, 189 Melicerta vingens, Preservation of, 165 Meteorites, go Micro-fungi, 47, 70 Micro-sections, Washing, 44 Microscope Foams, 118 Microscope Slides, New, 20 Microscopy, 20, 44, 68, 118, 165 Midland Naturalist, 118 Migratory Locusts, 120 Minah Bird, The, 71 Minerals, Broken Hill, 66 Mollusca near Axmouth, 172 Mullusca near Bridport, 171 Mollusca, New List, Notes on, 15, 25 Monstrosities, Botanical, 69 Mount Etna, First Eruption of, 66 Moths and Water, 95 Moths, Sugaring for, 187 Movements of Pollinia of Orchids, 49 Musk Ox, Suggested Introduction of, 89 Mycetozoa, Woodland Wanderers, 7, 79 Myriapod, Fossil, 46 NATURAL AGE OF GRASSES, 140 Nature Notes, 92, 118 Nature Round Folkestone, 97 Natural Science, 118, 141 Naturalist, The, 92, 119 Naturalists’ Journal, ryr Nectaries, On, 35, 59, 119 Neolithic Period, 66 New Forage Plant, A, 190 Newfoundland, Sphagna from, 119 New Irish Earth-worms, 163 New Slides, 44, 68 New Spider from Calcutta, 43 Niagara Falls, 42 North Yorkshire, 43 Notes and Queries, 23, 47, 71, 94, 120, 142, 166, 189 Nores on New Books :— Amazon, Naturalist on the River, 29 Annals of British Geology, 86 Apodide, The, 31 Birds of Derbyshire, 99 Botany, Introduction to the Study of, 30 British Jurassic Brachiopada, 86 British Flies, An Account of, 9 British Fungus Flora, 30 British New Guinea, 28 Building of the British Isles, 57 Castorologia, Canadian Beaver, 57 Catalogue of Eastern and Australian Lepidoptera, 30 Charles Darwin, 57 Earth’s History, The, 99 Earthworms, Check-list of British, 31 Eggs, Further Notes on, 33 Extinct Monsters, 83 Field Club, The, 2 Finger Prints, 57 Fungus Flora, British, 30, Game Birds and Wild Fowl of British British Islands, 83 Hemiptera Heteroptera of the British Islands, 58 History ot the Creation, The, 30 How to make Common Things, 57 Introduction to the Study of Botany, 30 Lepidoptera of Australia, 30 Lepidoptera, Eastern, 30 Man and the Glacial Period, 31 Memoir of Joseph Henry, 58 Its Management, 30 Microscope, Construction and HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. Vil Morphology of Apodide, 31 Naturalist on the River Amazon, 2 New Guinea, British, 28 Our Country’s Birds, 57 North Wales, Native Sulphur in, 94 Nyssia Zonaria, 189 OBITUARY :— Bayfield, T. G., 88 Davis, Thomas, 44 Moore, T. J., 16 Owen, Sir Rd., 42 Siemens, Dr. W., 18 Stainton, H, T., 42 Williams, W. Mattieu, 20 Odours, Warning, 83 Odylism, 67 Ccistes, Doubtful, 130, 165 Oligocheta, Two new, 18 Opium Smoking, Or Orchidacee, Notes on the, 126 Orchids, Movements of the Pollinia, 49 Ovobanchea, The, 45 Ovobanche elatior, 47, 70, 93 Ovobanche minor, 93 Orthoptera, British, 95 Owen, Sir Richard, Death of, 42 PAL OLITHIC PERIOD, 66 Papaver dubium, 119 Parasites in Lungs of Rana, 165 Parrot, An Intelligent, 143 Periodical Appearance of Edusa, The, 8 Physical and Chemical Research, 89 Physical Phenomenon, A, 190 Pike, Weight of, 119 Pitted Ducts in Wood, 44 Plants, Casual and Alien, 21 Plants, Colouration in, 22 Pleasant Day at Portland, A, 175 Pneumonia Epidemic, 18 Poison and Hedgehogs, 23 Poisonous Plants and their Poisons, 103 Polygonum saghaliaz, 190 Poly podium calcareum in Red Sandstone I4I, 166, 191 Pond Studies, 62 Portland, A Pleasant Day at, 175 Postage of Specimens, 45 Preece, Prof., F.R.S., 16, 17, 43 Preservation, Colours, Dried Flowers, 21 Preservation of Melicerta vingens, 165 Pressure-Metamorphism, 70 Primrose Bank, A, 151 Professorship of Engineering, 168 Protoplasm, Making Artificial, 118 Puss Moth, The, 38 | River Drift Implements at West Wick- | Robertson, E. H., Author of Development | Rocks of North West Ireland, 169 | Royal Microscopical Soc., 45 | Siemens, Dr. W., Death of, 18 | Sierra Leone, Spiders’ Webs from, 114 | Sillgreen, 46, 70, 71, 94, 95 RAIL, 53, 71, 93 Rana temporaria, Parasites in Lungs, 165 Recent Astronomical Discoveries, 73 Recognition of Ants, 183 Red Leaf Controversy, The, 121 Red Spot on Jupiter, 19, 117 Reviews of Books, (See Notes on new) ham, 135, 177 of Colour of Flowers, 158 Rotifera, Foreign in England, 4 Royal Institution, Hodgkins Trust, 88 Royal Institution, Lectures, 19, 163 Royal Society, Election at, 162 Royal Society of New South Wales, 141 | Rose, The, 156 Rubi, How to Collect, 69 Ruddy Sheldrake, The, 20 SACCHARINE, IQI Sandgate, Landslip at, 92 Scandinavian Boulders at Cromer, 46 Scholechiasis, 100 Science Gossip, 16, 42, 65, 88, 116, 141, 162, 188 Sea Anemone, A Famous, 178 Sea Eggs, 95 | Seeds, Structure of, 120 Senses of Insects, The, 160 Shamrock, Investigation of, 67 | Sheldrake in Lancashire, 189 | Sheldrake, Ruddy, 20 Shooting Stars, go | Shore Walk in April, A, 58 | Siamese Fruits, Some, 138 Sttnia pellucida, var., 93 Slugs, Preservative Fluid for, 93 Snake Story, A, 190 Snakes, Australian, 143 Soap, Terebene, A Fungus on, 8 Solar Gear, The, 95 Song of the Wagtail, 94 South American Insects, 71 Spiders, Collecting and Mounting, 69 Spiders in Winter, 47 Spiders, New, from Calcutta, 43 Spiders’ Threads, 120 Spiders’ Webs from Sierra Leone, ihe : Spring, 1893, Notes on the, 159 Stainton, H. T., Death of, 42 Stammering, A Cure for, 143 Star of Bethlehem, 44 Stray Plants in North London, Some, 22 Structure of Seeds, 120 Sugaring for Moths in June, 187 Sulphur, Native, in Wales, 94 Sussex and Hants Naturalist, 116 Sussex, Geum intermedium in, 142 TALKING SPIDER, A, 142 Teeth of Pauper Children, 141 Telephotographic Lens, 65 Tempérés M., Publications of, 118 Terebene Soap, A Fungus on, 8 Tetanus, Bacilli of, 65 Theory A, in Popular Language, 173 The Earth, Fisher and Darwin on, 88 The Earth, Note on, 88 Thrush Nesting in December, 47 Toad and Man, 167 Teniocampa incerta, 177 Tomtit’s Nest, A, 143 Tornados, Note on, 116 Two Remarkable Instruments, 185 UNDERGROUND GEOL. OF LONDON, II, 22 Uses of Bacteria, 18 | Vanessa c-album, 2 Vegetation and Climate, 66 Vegetation on Mars, 155 Visiting Cards of Tron, 90 | WAGTAIL, SONG OF, 94. | Walk in East Sussex, A, 136 Walrus in Thames Valley, 19 Warning Colours, 142 Warning Odours, 83 Warwickshire, Fossil Fish in, 46 | Washing Bottle for Micro-Sections, 44 Wasp at Christmas, 47 Wasps in Devonshire, 163 Wasp’s Sting Causing Tumour, 47 Water, Cubic Contents of a Gallon of, 23 Water Rail, The, 53, 93 West Cumberland, Notes from, r9r Westmoreland, A Day in, 158 West Wickham, Flint Implement at, 135; 177 Williams, W. Mattieu, Death of, 20 Wincanton Field Club, 188 Winter Moths, Contemporaneous, 68 Wonderful Egg, A, 81 Woodland Wanderers, 79 Woodland Wanderers; or, The Myce- tozoa, 7 - Woodlice, Note on, 189 Worms, 18 (Two New), 21, 31 ZANTE, EARTHQUAKE IN, 66 Zoological Specimens by Post, 45 | Zoology, 20, 45, 68, 93, 118, 165 HAD WACIGE:S:) SCLE NGEGOSSie: LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Acevas anthropophora (3 Figs.), 126, 127 Anteroleucanium bambusa, 77 Anurea vulga (4 Figs.), 4 Arum maculatum, 109 Asterolecanium palme, 77 Bullfinch, 180 Celestium, The, 70 Coccide, 77 Dog’s Mercury, 60, 108 Egg of Worm, 81 Expansion of Air by Heat, 3 Extinct Monsters, 84, 85 Feather, barbs and barbules, 56 Feather, interlacing of barbules, 56 Flat-topped Mountains of Lower Amazons, 28 Flint Implement (3 Figs.), 176, 177 Flying Dragons, 85 Fungus on Terebene Soap (5 Figs.), 9 Gymnadenia conopsea, Hydra viridis (8 Figs.), 63 Long-tailed Field Mouse, 87 Megalosaurus bucklandt, 84 Melicevta pedunculata, 5 Melicerta vingens, 5 Nectary of Arabis, 36 ms ,, Buttercup, 36 Coronitlla varia, 37 Dog's Mercury, 60 , Evica cinerea, 60 Tetralix, 60 Evening Primrose, 61 Foxglove, 60 Fuchsia, 37 1 », Garden Lily, 36 Geranium, 36 Godetia, 61 Harebell, 37 Herb Robert, 60 rs ,, Lychnis dioica, male, 60 a », Lychnis dioica, female, 60 Mignonette, 37 Monkshood, 60 Nasturtium, 36 Nemophila insignis, 37 H 5, Nemophila maculata, 36 rs », Nigella damascena, 37 Paynassta, 37 Penstemon, 61 Phlox, 61 Radish, 37 Nectary of Snapdragon, 60 ” » Spurge, 36 a 5, Lvopeolum, 36 " », Viola, tricolour, 36 CG cistes, (4 Figs.), 130, 131 Planchonia oncidit, 77 5) pustulans, 77 Portland Spurge, 108 Primeval Forest on Amazons, 29 Primrose Bank, 153 | Protection in Parcels Post (2 Figs.) 45 | Quill Feather, 56 Rattling Locust of Europe, 52 Spider’s Web, 115, 116 Steller’s Sea-Cow, 85 Tinoceras ingens, 84 Underground Geol., London, 12, 13, 14 Wagtail, 181 Washing-Bottle for Micro-Slides, 44 Wonderful Egg (3 Figs.), 81 In consequence of the illness of the Editor, eight monthly parts only of ScieNcE-Gossip were issued in the Year 1893. 14 «JUL.94 ANIMALS AND MEDICINE. By HULWIDGEON. II.— UNGULATA (continued, Fy OAR.—Apart from his rela- tives, the ~ do- mestic swine and the East Indian stone-yielder, the European wild boar was sup- posed to possess some peculiar merits. ‘* The boar’s bladder,” writes Howard, vol. 1. p. 358, ‘*has been re- puted by physi- cians a_ specific for the epilepsy ; and the tush of the wild boar still passes with some as of great efficacy in quinsies and epilepsies.” Bate gives a Testes apri preparati (p. 639), which was obtained from a ‘‘ boar or wild boar” and pre- pared after the manner of that mentioned under Horse ; like which, it was administered for epilepsy, colic, and bowel disorders. Of this composition Salmon remarks: ‘‘ They have all the virtues of the former (the 7. eg prep.), and, in my opinion, are somewhat the more powerful.” He gave }-scruple doses, in a vehicle, to women for fits. HiPpopoTaMus. — The semi-apocryphal ‘“ sea- horse” was renowned as the producer of the whitest and most enduring of white ivories, in which capacity it serves our dentists down to this day. But at the time I write of, Behemoth itself was known but indifferently to the profession, and many learned members, while compounding actual products of the animal, must have accepted their pretended source in blind faith or, privately, have regarded it as a myth. No, 337.—JANUARY 1893. * adiposa,” The ridiculously inaccurate accounts of it, slavishly borrowed from Aristotle and Pliny, which served until the eighteenth century to stand for its natural history, could hardly fail to be discredited by men of education and intelligence. Our ‘‘ Nature Display’d”’ (p. 244), treating of it from later authorities, altogether avoids a personal description. The hippopotamus is ‘a very large amphibious animal, who lives at the bottom of the Nile and Niger, from whence he rises, not by any effort of swimming, but by crawling with his four feet, when he goes to feed in the meadows or even the tops of mountains. He grazes in the herbage, and then returns to his station in the water, where: he is in a perpetual state of war with the crocodile.” Bate makes use of the hippo’s ivory, as in a recipe for kidney affections (p. 637), in which he prescribes two ounces of ivory, and half an ounce of ‘‘ sea-horse tooth rasped.” The same author, in one of his quiddanies for wasting, weakness, and consumption (p. 612), gives us, besides the raspings, an ounce of the genitals of the same creature. SHEEP.—To the sheep we are chiefly beholden for fat and wool. Of the healing value of the former a high opinion prevailed. Fat, says Hooper (p. 317), ‘is nourishing to those that have strong digestive powers. It is used externaliy as a softening remedy and enters into the composition of ointments and plasters.” From Howard (vol. i. p. 883) we gather that fat is ‘‘an oily sulphureous part of the blood, deposited in the cells of the membrana It is of two kinds, ‘‘ one white, or rather yellow, soft and lax, which is easily melted and is called pinguedo; another white, firm, brittle, and which is not so easily melted, called sebum.” Amid other interesting disclosures he instructs us: ‘‘ The way of preparing fat for medicinal purposes is to take cut the skins, veins, fibres, etc., wash it till it be- comes unbloody, then melt it by a gentle heat, with a little water, till the water is evaporated; strain, B 2 HARDWICKE’ S SCLIENCE-GOSSZIP. put it into an earthen vessel, where it will fix, and preserve it from air.” Olewm animale, says Hooper (p- 568), is ‘an empyreumatic substance, obtained by distillation from animal substances. It is some- times exhibited as an anti-spasmodic and diaphoretic, in the dose of from ten to forty drops.” Of the fat of sheep in particular, it was distinguished by physicians as Seam ovile or S. ovillum (though a butcher could not tell it from ‘‘mutton-suet”’), and was of universal occurrence as a medium for adminis- tering more active remedies. Salmon preferred it (or beef-suet) to other fats in mixing drugs for keeping, as it was not reckoned liable to go rancid for a year or more. In Bate’s Lmplastrum soleare (p. 702) for the feet, the sheep’s fat should apparently be lifted out of the category of mere vehicles. For other examples I need only refer to Bate, pp. 363, 705, etc., and to the ointments in Buchan’s appendix. Wool was accredited with the possession of many curative properties. M£syfc, -yfos, -ypum, or - Pus, Hooper relates (p. 568), ‘‘ frequently is met with in the ancient pharmacy for a certain oily substance boiled out of particular parts of the fleeces of wool, as what grows on the flank, neck and parts most used to sweat.” The attribution of healing powers to this product was by no means confined to the com- pilers of ancient pharmacies. Thus, Bate’s spinal balsam (p. 685), having been exhibited for rickets and similar complaints, we are directed to ‘lay over it greasie wooll as it is new shorn off the sheep’s back, and binding it fast to with a double linen cloth sewed on.” Buchan (p. 347) recommends the following simple treatment for the gout: ‘*The leg and foot should be wrapt in soft flannel, fur or wool. The last is most readily obtained and seems to answer the purpose better than anything else. The people of Lancashire look upon wool as a kind of specific in thegout. They wrap a great quantity of it about the leg andifoot affected and cover it with askin of soft dressed leather. This they suffer to continue for eight or ten days, and, sometimes, for a fortnight or three weeks or longer, if the pain does not cease. I never knew any external application answer so well. The wool which they use is generally greased and carded or;combed. They choose the softest which can be had and seldom or never remove it till the fit be entirely gone off. For galling of the flesh, Howard (vol. ii. p. 970) has it that the application of raw wool, or the lungs of a lamb still warm, are remedies. For staying fluxes (or dysentery) sheep’s-heads achieve a high reputation. Buchan pinned his faith in.sheep’s-head jelly as a cure. Take, he bids us (p. 315), ‘‘a sheep’s head and feet with the skin upon them and burn the wool off with a hot iron; boil them till the brothis quite a jelly. A little cmnamon or mace may be acded, to give the broth an agree- able flavour, and the patient may take a little of it warm, with toasted bread, three or four times a day. . . . This might be shown to possess virtues every way suited to the cure of a dysentery which does not proceed from a putrid state of the humours. . . . We know that whole familes have often been cured by it after they had used many other medicines in vain. It will be necessary to continue the use of it for a considerable time and to make it the principal food.” Bate provided a remedy of the same character in his Lxena dysentericum (p. 708). His prescription ran: ‘* BR. A sheep’s-head killed with the wool and broken to pieces ; the tongue and brain being taken out, boil it in water (any quantity up to six pounds), and strain out for clysters.” To make the then orthodox mess of it we were further told that we might add camomiles, mallows, and other things to the liquid. Salmon’s specific for the bloody flux was his E7ena spirituosum (p. 709), a mixture of five drops each of oils of turpentine and aniseed in eight ounces, each, of spirits of wine and ‘‘broth of a sheep’s head,” exhibited warm. With this, he tells us, he performed marvellous cures ; amongst others that of ‘‘ one-poor man who had lain twelve weeks languishing under that distemper. I, being sent for, found the man, as I thought, dead, at least a-dying and senseless, his eyes closed, his teeth set. ...I presently caused this clyster to be exhibited. He seem’d to sleep and lie quietly after it, resting twelve hours with it in his body and awaked easie... . Afterwards, once a day for a week, and in a short time he perfectly recovered.” Ewe’s milk was prescribed as a luxury, being, according to Hooper’s analytical account, the richest of milks obtainable. It possesses, going by the same authority (pp. 498-500), the least serum of all and a great deal of cream. Its butter was soft and its cheese almost of a glutinous consistency, but excellent in quality. Lamb’s blood occurs in one of Bate’s consumption draughts (p. 9), and Salmon tells us the blood of a sheep will answer in default of others, in another anti- phthisical prescription (p. 2). Freshly dropped sheep’s dung is the largest com- ponent of Bate’s’ Lutractum ictericum (p. 279), a jaundice remedy. One of Bate’s consumption cures, along with a medley of other ingredients, includes four feet of sheep boiled, strained, sugared and skimmed (p. 612). For the consideration of the sheep’s bezoar I am constrained to refer to the general account of those stones which is to follow. Goat.—The high medical reputation of goat’s milk is not of a recent birth. Says Howard (vol. ii. p- 1066): ‘‘Their milk is esteemed the greatest nourisher of all liquids, women’s milk excepted, and very comfortable to the stomach.” Hooper (p. 500) HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSTIP. 3 states that it ‘‘ resembles cows’, except in its greater consistence ; like that milk, it throws up abundance of cream, from which butter is easily obtained.” Its cheese was solid and elastic; its general charac- teristic, a richness only equalled by that of the ewe’s milk. Howard (vol. ii. p. 1066) writes of domestic goats : “They are recommended to lie among horses, their smell, as is supposed, preventing many diseases in those animals. The blood of the he-goat, dried, has been recommended for the pleurisy and inflam- matory disorders.” The celebrated Dr. Mead, in his treatment for pleurisy, prescribed, “‘ for dissolving the sizy blood that obstructs the small canals, wild goat’s blood and volatile salts.” The diacopreegize were preparations of goat’s dung, but for what purposes they were administered, and what were their reputed qualifications therefor, I am as yet unaware. The suet of goats, and perhaps the hair and horns likewise, were also made available by the faculty. The bezoar of the domestic goat shall be treated of under the head of the Bezoar-goat. CHAMOIS.—This all but inaccessible animal subject was still, as the provider of ‘‘ shamoy leather,”’ made to pay his slight tribute to the tyrant surgeon. The use of this material will be best illustrated by the incidental mention made of it in treatments quoted elsewhere. The chamois-stone is deserving of separate mention. This stone, alias the German bezoar (writes Howard, vol. i. p, 333), ‘‘iscalled by some cow’s egg, said to be found in the stomach of cows, but more frequently in that of the chamois or wild goat. These are sup- posed to be caused by the hair of those creatures, which they lick off by the tongue, and, being swallowed down and impregnated with the saliva, etc., is condensed into balls. Some of them weigh eighteen ounces, and, though used in some medicines, are not much esteemed. ’ EXPANSION OF AIR BY HEAT. HE expansibility or distension of solids, fluids, and gases by heat is a very extensive physical law, although generally unobserved, and is of the greatest importance in chemistry. Examples of the expansion of air by heat are very numerous; the following are some of the more simple processes of this kind, which I have found will illustrate this law as plainly as possible. A small stoppered bottle of two or three cubic inch capacity, is to be filled with pure air (at a low temperature), which may be practically done by the application of the lips to the mouth of the bottle, so that one half only of it is covered (the other part remaining open), and the air drawn out by suction; its volume is then replaced by external air drawn in through the remaining aperture to supply its place. This being done, the stopper can be wetted and loosely replaced. The bottle should now be tightly held in the warm hand, and the stopper will then be seen to pop up two or three times, emitting a jet of expanded air each time. If under the same circumstances, the stopper, instead of being loosely replaced, is a little tightened, it will completely jump out by the application of the heat as above. Now if oxygen, or hydrogen gas (both of which are very Fig. z.—A glass bulb immersed in hot water with a piece of wet membrane over its mouth, blown out by the dilation of the contained air. Fig. 2.—A glass vessel after being immersed in boiling water. The air has been reduced to less than half its volume, as shown by the contained fluid. combustible) is substituted for common air, the same experiment repeated, and an ignited match held over the. stopper, each jet of gas will produce a small blue flame. A second simple method is to take a thin glass bottle, loosely tie a thin piece of caoutchouc, or wetted membrane over the mouth, and then immerse it in water at the temperature of ebullition (100° C.), the membrane will bulge out, and ultimately burst if it be very thin (Fig. 1). On the other hand, if the B 2 4 HARDWICKE'’S SCIENCE-GOSSTIP. same bottle is immersed in cold instead of hot water, contraction of the enclosed air will consequently result, and the membrane will be drawn in more or less deeply concave. Not only does this law apply to gases, (which are most sensible to it), but also in a less degree to fluids, and less still to solid bodies as above remarked. Another good way of illustrating the same law, and perhaps the most obvious of all the preceding, is to obtain a thin glass vessel, with a double communication, that is to say with two mouths. By suction, the air is drawn through this vessel by the widest opening, which is then well-corked, and the whole immediately placed under boiling water ; from the small unstopped aperture, numerous small bubbles of air will issue in rapid succession, due to the heat causing the contained air to dilate. When, after the bottle has been immersed a minute or two, the body is held out of water, considerable contraction of the expanded air will ensue, and consequently an equiva- lent quantity of water will be drawn in; if after remaining thus a short time, the vessel is taken out (still inverted) of the fluid, further condensation of the air will result, and small bubbles will continue to be drawn through the water, until the bottle and its contents have attained a temperature alike to that of the surrounding atmosphere (Fig. 2). The water drawn in and the remaining air will be nearly approximate to the air it first contained. Upon this law is based the construction of the ‘*air-thermometer,” and thermometers generally. Henry E, GRIsET. NOTES ON THE RECENT OCCURRENCE OF SOME FOREIGN SPECIES OF ROTI- FERA IN ENGLAND. By PEercy G. Tompson. T a period like the present—when, owing to the impetus given to the study of rotifers by the publication of Hudson and Gosse’s elaborate mono- graph, new forms are continually being brought before our notice—there is danger that the often jong-since described forms of foreign authors may drop out of the local worker’s memory, or be passed over as of unlikely occurrence to his own research. It is, however, of prime importance that these earlier forms should be continually kept in vivid remembrance, and that, if happily met with, they should without, delay be recorded as additions to our British list, and, if possible, our knowledge of their structure extended. Mr. George Western has done useful work in this direction in. demonstrating the presence in our own country of Gezstes mucicola, Kellicott, which makes its home in the gelatinous matrix of certain fresh- Fig. 3.—Axurea valga. water algze (Gloiotrichia and Chztophora), and which up to last year had been recorded solely from America ; Mr. Western has also found the probable male of this C NS SSS 23 UO | NVINOAZG ee eens PARE Sse as Bowers 090! eeol: Ng BSS: Depo ace a8) eee eee 1g6|7 Sal eye erscesee aissvane [— -=225SES ooh eeeaen “= 3TiMo1 £26 Gre8 po ae tT ar nysnaau5 | aM Calls a5 C19 == ae eee fli ee rere eee Eas Pll) Pee eae do 689 WAVHI WVHLVH — Wb2—ss3nssou9-W2l—auLun09— Woz — WWHSYaWy -W'yl- WWHNSLLO 1 i ag:3-—= MONA Phe TT N Oiranase te SIU] an Wey o us Se 2 GUOJONITIVM == ISAIIW o£~(xp) quosuNg ool Laat HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSI/F. 13 unknown trough to interpolate here, which would bring the roof of the Devonian to something below LJ = rs See & , = oO < > e 2) é al Oo z oO b=} 2 R o ad ~~ Sle vt Zz b mM) < ie ke A a « f : L, - # ; / fig f Bee 1 ‘ IN © f-in o of — wW tr /0 bY wm ral w/ & a7 © < = e777 eR SILURI Ag AYLESBURY. TRING 28M \ 3OMILES BURFORD 5 (Sa ee a 1 ~ ao oa ° [s} (2) a c =) a oO Cl ° ° o o 2 — Poh Sy ln io n FEET. 9004 1060 feet, the greatest depth which was here bored, with perhaps just a patch of carboniferous above it. When we arrive at the Chatham boring, we at once see that new strata have made their appearance, for n \ . GREATEST DEPTHS ‘ ‘ \ BORED > ‘ i HI ii) H : [Bes “NO , ‘ cao ' ' ao ; ; D a ' =} > ! ‘ — o H f 5 fe i te H en i< iz zs What Oo; Gey MEE oo} Pe yes a} iu ‘a <| A Nese Oo; t a H va) / fh ippatgete j ‘ : ’ a ar Ul F / ra ‘ Fi / “ se , A ; “ “ Y Y He vo - -|a a ™ oo Fig. 15.—Another Diagram of ditto. ee ee o a =) oO o °o Q o c °o So o o a c = a 0 z i) wo here we find 41 feet of the tantalising lower green- | sand, besides 22 feet of Jurassic strata. T4 HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSTP. that they represent the strata as they probably occur. There is this to be said, however, that the Coal Search Committee some time ago decided to continue It is well-nigh impossible to form a plan which - shall at all approach accuracy, in respect to the strata between Chatham and Dover. . With the data RICHMOND TRE CROSSNESS loim.— 22 ™ — 163 nS 1G Sia ae \e 2415 Up GREENSAND 835 1008 1060 1258 1060 SkHidaqd LssLvayy Fig. 16.—Vertical Scale of Underground Rocks. SURFORD A BD WARE TURNFORD Zr oe:Cr. Ro. TREATHAM *CATERAAM. the boring at Chatham, which at that time remained at 945 feet, and also to make a trial boring at Ashford, and there seems a great probability that in this way detached basins containing carboniferous beds may be reached. A _ great deal, however, seems to rest with chance and good for- tune, since when the old surface is reached, possibly an intermediate outcrop of pre- carboniferous beds alone may~ be~the Although I have shown bold lines as representing the trend of .the various beds, they are probably divided through- out their whole lengths into isolated basins, although the general bearing may be such as is here shown. a a At the surface, for the whole distance, we are of course upon the chalk, and this would appear to have throughout a fairly uniform thickness, as well as the lower cretaceous beds, but the succeeding de- posits in these two borings differ from one another, and show that the Wealden beds, which have a known thickness at Dover of 82 feet, and probably considerably more, thin out between that town and Chatham, where the lower greensand rests immediately upon Jurassic rocks. In the second boring at Dover, it will be noticed that I have shown the appear- ance of coal at a depth of 1380 feet, that is, at 200 feet deeper than the depth given in the reports of the discovery of coal at result. \ SAhamen | KeENTISR. TOWN DoverR Barre os Fig. 17.—Sketch-Map of Trial-Bores. { at command, they might possibly have a direction such as shown in diagram; but the distance is too great to attempt to claim for the directions shown, the Channel Tunnel Works. visable to do this, since all the other borings have been shown as being reckoned from one dead surface- I have thought it ad- ih {) HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP, 15 level, the average level above the sea being about 200 feet, whilst the Shakespeare Cliff boring was commenced almost at sea-level. In the skeleton map which accompanies this article, the lines of section which have been illustrated by the diagram have been shown. Another section which should have our considera- tion is one which is represented only by three borings, viz., Burford, Ware, and Harwich. This section does not certainly pass through London, but as the question of underground London has the greater interest for many people, because the question of possible sub-London coal-beds is involved in it, it should not be omitted, since at Harwich a continua- of the paleozoic land-surface is shown in the appearance of undoubted ‘coal-measures at 1029 B “= feet. The curves in Fig. 15, may possibly represent “ the general direction of the strata, or the general rise -and fall of a line connecting the numerous isolated old land-basins which probably formed the old surface. A noteworthy feature in connection with the short section in, Fig. 16, is that 10 feet of lower green- sand rocks are reported from the Richmond Waterworks, and are spoken of by Mr. Whitaker _in his work on the geology of the London area. i \ Professor Judd was, however, understood to say at a | lecture delivered in February last at Richmond, that the ‘greensand wedge of rocks did not appear even so far north as Richmond, so that it would appear as ) though he were in doubt as to the identity of the ' 10 feet of rocks in question. It cannot, however, be very far south of Richmond or Streatham where the wedge appears, and probably if ever the water-supply from the chalk fails the borough of Croydon, an ample supply would be obtained from the underground lower greensand, which would probably be successfully encountered there. In concluding these sketches of what is known of the beds beneath London, I must acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. Whitaker, F.G.S., who has kindly pointed out a slight mistake in my last article. In referring to the diagrams it will be seen that at Caterham I have placed supposed Jurassic beds im- mediately.beneath the lower greensand. No doubt were the boring continued there below the present $14 feet, Wealden rocks would first of all be encountered, since the outcrop of these takes place at a very short distance southwards, viz., at Reigate. outside of the London boundary, it makes but little difference in connection with the purpose for which the diagrams were specially prepared. It is understood that the geologists of the East Anglian counties hope shortly to be able to commence boring operations with a view to finding coal-measures, and considerable promises of support have been received. The results of boring here, together with those being carried on in Kent, should increase to an appreciable extent our knowledge of the deep-seated geology of the south and south-east of England, As this is, however, © NOTES ON THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY’S NEW LIST OF BRITISH MOLLUSCA. By T. D. A. COCKERELL. HE Conchological Society’s new list, which had for some time been expected to appear, was duly published in the ‘ Journal of Conchology” for April (issued June 3rd), and is no doubt by this time in the possession of nearly every British collector or student of mollusca. A critical list like this is a very different matter from my “‘ British Naturalist ” Catalogue, which aimed simply at giving a// the recorded forms, except absolute synonyms. The authors of the new list have gone over the whole series of published names, changing or dropping them whenever they thought advisable, and adding some from their own know- ledge. The result is sufficiently remarkable, for although only thirty-eight varieties are added to those listed in the ‘‘ British Naturalist” Catalogue, over three hundred and fifty names which have been applied to varieties or mutations of British land and fresh- water mollusca, are excluded! Among these are several which were earlier named, or introduced as British, by the authors of the list. Messrs. Taylor, Roebuck, and Nelson have sjudied the British Mollusca so closely for many years, that probably nobody will question the value of a list com- piled by them ; and if many are found who disagree with some of its features, it is only because of the wide divergences of opinion which exist, rendering it impossible to produce a list that will suit every- body. For my own part, I totally disagree with the authors on the subject of varietal nomenclature, believing that a very careful examination of all forms of variation throughout the country is desirable, and that for facility in recording and comparing records, we must have names. Without elaborate research of this kind, I do not believe we shall succeed in solving in a satisfactory manner such problems as present themselves, e.g. those relating to the influence of environment, or to the divergence from the continental type exhibited in these islands. As Darwin observed, ‘$I look at individual differences, though of small interest to the systematist, as of the highest importance for us, as being the first steps towards such slight varieties as are barely thought worth recording in works on natural history. And I look at varieties which are in any degree more distinct and permanent, as steps towards more strongly marked and permanent varieties ; and at the latter, as leading to sub-species, and then to species.” (‘¢ Origin of Species,” p. 41.) The deviations from the typical form in any variable species may be classed under three heads, as follows : 16 HARDWICKE!S SCLENCE*G:OSSLR. (1.) Modifications due to the direct result of environ- ment. These are believed by many to be never inherited ; and it is a matter of common experience that many of them are not, at all events visibly, in the immediate offspring. Some forms of this sort which have received names are, as the authors of the list say, “*mutilated shells which have repaired the injuries sustained from adverse surroundings,” and it is perhaps questionable whether such should be named. The double-mouthed condition of Clauszlia is a case in point. Yet the matter is by no means so simple as at first appears. An ordinary decollated monstrosity comes exactly under the above definition of ‘‘ mutilated shells which have repaired” etc., against the naming of which the authors of the list so strongly protest ; but on turning to the list itself we find several decollated forms included, two of which were named by Mr. Nelson, one of the authors! This is well, for we know that decollation, though of the character alluded to in the monstrosities of the list, may become a permanent specific feature, as in Stexogyra decollata. The fact is, that it is extremely difficult to accurately measure the influence of environment as against inherent variability, even in ‘* monstrosities.” Thus, the frequency of fracture might well be in part affected by the texture of the shell, which varies, the variations being inherited. Size may be affected by the external cause of want or abundance of food, but there can be little doubt that the power of assimila- tion is also a very important factor, and this is subject to ordinary variability. It is probably selection more than exceSsive nourishment, that has so increased the size of many cultivated plants and domesticated animals. We see this in the invariable increase of the part selected, instead of a general enlargemert of all the parts. (2.) Afodifications due to inherent variability, and more or less intermittently inherited. These are deviations from the average, occurring in the same brood as the normal form, and known as “*forms,” or ‘‘ mutations.” The vast majority of names excluded from the new list belong to variations of this character, as also do very many retained in it. It is about these that the essential difference of opinion may be said to exist, for I believe that the great majority of conchologists would agree as to the desirability of naming geographical races, which occur independertly of the type. Albinos, sinistral variations (which, as it seems to me, are quite wrongly called monstrosities), and the ordinary colour and band-variations of Helices, may be classed as mutations ; which, however, under the influence of selection, are ever ready to become racial or specific in character. It is from these mutations that species are made; they are, so to speak, the raw materials for the making of species. Hyalinia crystallina is an albino species; several species of Pupa and Verigo are normally sinistral; and hundreds of other instances might be given, in which the mutation characters of one species are the normal ones of another. To study only the finished article, the well-marked race or species, is I believe a radical mistake ; to learn about the origin of species we must examine the materials out of which species arise. Furthermore, let it not be supposed that the range of a mutation is usually the same as that of the species. A species may have four mutations, A. B. C. D., aad yet very likely the whole four will only be found in a few places (perhaps not anywhere) together ; most localities will produce only A. B. C., or A. D. B. or C. D., and so forth. Melix nemoralis has some hundreds of colour and band-variations, most of which are more or less common, yet probably there are scarcely two counties in England which, if thoroughly explored, would produce the same variations exactly, and perhaps hardly any two parishes would give the same percentage of each. This sounds astonishing, but I believe experienced collectors will agree with me that this is likely to be the case. It has certainly been so in my own experience. It is only by the careful study of mutations that we can establish these facts, which are, I believe, of great importance in evolution. ‘Thus, supposing a new form of selection is brought to bear, such as a change of climate, or the introduction of a new enemy, it is easy to see how greatly the power to produce such mutations as can survive will benefit the species, and consequently, since this power is variable, we may have survival in one part, and extinction in another part, of its range. (Zo be continued.) SCIENCE-GOSSIP. WE have received from Mr. F. Row, Braintree, a packet of ‘* Adhesive Corners,” invented and regis- tered by himself. The design is an admirable one, especially adapted for use by solicitors. literary men, in public offices, museums, etc. ANOTHER good man has recently joined the majority. Mr. T. J. Moore, Associate of the Linnean Society, and Corresponding Member of the Zoological Society of London. For forty years he was Curator of the Liverpool Museum ; and it was he who worked it up to its high pitch of zoological excellence. This he did by enlisting the services of all the sea-captains in Liverpool. Mr. Moore also was one of the first curators of museums who delivered popular scientific lectures-in illustration of their contents. ONE of our most distinguished practical, as well as theoretical electricians, is Professor Preece, F.R.S., who has been recently appointed chief engineer and HARDWICKE S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. 17 chief electrician to our General Post Office. For many years past the special department of electrical communication he has worked at, has been that of induction. Naturally we should expect that a brilliant electrician of Mr. Preece’s fame, so largely controlling the commercial correspondence of the great British Empire, would turn his attention to any great electrical interferences with the wires. Every telegraph boy is aware that at every country post- office, where a sixpenny telegram occasionally comes, when there is a violent thunderstorm they cannot telegraph. . This is due to the more powerful induction, overcoming the weakly genera- tion of artificial batteries, by the fearfully more intense batteries of the world outside. HITHERTO we have trusted for our electric com- munications to our wires, but Professor Preece, ~ aware that induction often overcame conduction, has for three years past been experimenting along various parts of the British coast, with a view to seeing whether communications proceeding along chief main telegraph wires, could not be inductively flashed to, and understood by, the lightships moored along the coast, without the intervention of a wire. In other words, the future history of telegraphy will not be along wires, but from wire to wire. PROBABLY Dr. Preece’s discovery, which cannot fail to be considered and taken up in every part of the civilised world, is one of the most eventful epochs in telegraphic communication, and there is no question whatever, that within the next twelve months we shall hear more and learn more concerning it. It is a singular fact, that although many commercial people apparently appear not to have too much direct communication with each other, they all seem as if they would like to wire one to the other if necessity requires it. e AN English king is said to have died from eating too many lampreys. This eel-like fish is one of the lowest organised, zoologically speaking, of the fish family, and as an object of food is now seldom sought after, if ever partaken of. It has a large geographical distribution, there being few tidal rivers in the world up whose waters it does not migrate. To a philosophical naturalist, extensive geographical distribution suggests that the animals widely distributed must have had an ancient ancestry, inasmuch as many physical changes on the surface of the earth are required to distribute animals and plants. As a matter of fact, it is taken for granted that any group of living beings now found removed _from each other in different parts of the globe, must have been thus transferred from point to point, during those geological periods which demanded such a vast amount of time. Indeed, this idea is now so largely accepted that a widely-distributed organism is expected to have a geological ancestry, even if nothing representing it has been found as a fossil. There is an illustration in point concerning the lampreys. Ata recent meeting of the Linnzan Society, Mr. A. Smith Woodward exhibited some specimens of fossil lampreys from the old red sandstone of Caithness, in Scotland (that wonderful storehouse of primeval fossil fishes, which poor Hugh Miller was the first to make known to the world). Fossil lampreys had not previously been known to occur in formations older than the tertiary period. PROFESSOR LEBOUR, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, has just made a most important communication and explanation, equally interesting to astronomers and geologists, concerning the so-called ‘‘ canals” of the planet Mars. It is many years since the distinguished Italian astronomer, Schiaparelli, an- nounced the discovery of a so-called ‘ canal system” upon the surface of our neighbour planet. Since then this idea has caught on to such an extent, that when Mars approached nearer the earth during last summer than it has been for years past, or will be for year§ to come, some foolish people, inoculated with a Jules Verne kind of idea, who took it for granted that the canals were the construction of some sort of intelligences equivalent to human beings, thought it would be a good thing if we could telegraph from our earthly planet to our supposed neighbours in their martial world, and inquire of them in some sort of scientific way, who they were, and how they were getting on. LE? us draw attention to the fact that the worlds (suns, stars, moons, etc.) were not all made at once. When we were lads, studying science on our own account, people who were astronomically inclined thought that suns, moons, and planets were all inhabited by intelligent beings. Indeed, in dear old Dr. Dick’s ‘‘Christian Philosopher” (one of the most infectious books ever remembered) was the evangelical idea, that the souls of the saved would ascend from planet to planet to the uttermost verge of the solar system—say the planet Neptune. Milton hada similar notion in his ‘‘ Paradise Lost,” only less definitely expressed. Dante constructed his plot in this wise—that, instead of having seven planets for the saints to ascend to, he had seven hells for the lost to descend to. Perhaps. both were right—at least, in their own opinions. Some of our readers may ask what this has got to do with the ‘‘canals” of Mars. Simply there are no inhabitants on the surface of the planet Mars, or the odds are that they are not intelligent. What are these Schiaparelli ‘‘canals”? It can only be replied to by geologists familiar with the fact that all worlds are not of the same age or size. Some cooled down at one time, some at another, and some are not cooled yet. Supposing all the planets of the solar system had been composed of highly-heated glass, 18 HARDWICKE’S SCLENCE-GOSSIP. some very big and others very little indeed, down to the littlest of sizes, it is evident their external pbysical appearances would be vastly different ; as they cool some would crack from north pole to south, or perhaps contrary or diagonally-wise. Practically, this has been demonstrated to be the case by an eminent French scientist, Professor Daubree, whose glass-breaking experiments proved that their fractures were due to the strain or torsion of cooling alone. Professor Lebour suggests that the Schia- “canals” of the planet Mars may be due to similar cracks and fissures on the surface of a cooling, but heated globe, and that possibly more than the hundred millions of years ago, to which Sir Alexander Ramsay assigned the smallest limit of the life of our globe—indeed, before life began at all —our own little planet the earth, was probably seamed with ‘‘ canals” similar to those represented by the present pre-geological stage of the planet Mars. parellian In the last number of the ‘* American Naturalist,” there appears a paper by Dr. H. W. Conn on ““Some Uses of Bacteria.”” These organisms are in the position of the dog which got a bad name. People think of them as so many microscopic foes, whereas, generally speaking, many of them are our best friends. Every farmer expects that he will have to keep a good breed of horses and stock, but few of them are aware how they require a good breed of bacteria as well! Indeed, no farmer can get on at all, unless he keeps a good stock of bacteria on his farm. He is aware, of course, that he cannot make butter and cheese without cows; but until recently he did not know that even if he possessed the finest herd of kine, he would not be able to manufacture these articles of food without bacteria. Tillage, whether in the garden or the field, would be absolutely and uselessly thrown away without their aid, for it is they which render all sorts of nitrogenic manures available. Bacteria are amongst the most lowly forms of plant life, very nearly allied to the microscopic yeast and fungi. It is more than pro- bable that we owe more to these microscopical members of the vegetable kingdom, than to its larger and more advanced species. THROUGH inadvertency ‘*The Conchologist” (edited by Mr. W. E. Collinge, one of the most indefatigable and promising of the young school of biologists) has not been entered among our Books, etc., received. This is unfortunate, as the ‘‘Con- chologist,” is one of the best of our natural history magazines, OuR correspondent, the Rey. Hilderic Friend, E.L.S., of Idle, Bradford, writes to the effect that he has discovered two more species of Oligochata, new to science. The first is a fresh-water worm (Dicheta curvisetosa, Friend) taken from a well in Chelmsford, Essex. journals. It will be deseribed shortly in the scientific The other is an earthworm from Dublin (Lumbricus papillosus, Friend), which was first found in June last, but was not described for want of sufficient material, It fills a gap in the European list of Lumbrici, and is a worm of unusual interest. Another Irish worm (Allo. hibernica, Friend) has recently been described in Dublin. AT the last meeting of the Institute of Marine Engineers, Mr. J. Alfred Fisher read an important paper, on ‘The Mining, Manufacture, and Uses of Asbestos.” WE have received a copy of Dr. T. B. Franklin Emerson’s pamphlet, entitled ‘* Epidemic Pneumonia at Scotter,” tracing its history, causes, and pointing out means for future prevention. It is a carefully and originally worked out and thought out paper. ‘* OBSERVATIONS on Dew and Frost” is the title of a brochure by the Hon. R. Russell, F.R.Met.Soc., published by Ed. Stanford. It details the careful results of a long series of experiments, of practical meteorological value. We gladly call attention to a pamphlet by ‘‘ Free Lance,” published by Williams & Norgate, entitled, ““The Cry of the Children.” It is practically an essay on the tyranny and ignorance of those to whom the care of children is entrusted, based largely on Herbert Spencer’s teachings, It is a smartly written, almost cynically written contribution to the literature of modern education. All educationalists (to say nothing of parents) ought to read it. We have much pleasure in drawing special attention to the last issue of Messrs. Dulau’s ‘Catalogue of works on Chemistry and Physics ;”” also to Messrs. Pickering & Chatto’s always welcome “¢ Book-Lover’s Leaflet.” From Mr. Felix L. Davies, Berlin, we have received No. 20 of his catalogue, ‘‘ Bibliotheca Entomologica.” Tue last number of the ‘‘ Essex Naturalist” contains a capital paper by Mr. Walter Crouch, entitled ‘‘ Dagenham Beach.” It is chiefly historic and antiquarian. NuMBER 2, of volume Vv. of ‘‘ Insect Life” (the periodical Bulletin, issued monthly by the V.S. Department of Agriculture), devoted to the economy and life-habits of insects, especially in their relation to agriculture, edited by C. V. Riley, Esq., is to hand. WE are sorry to announce the death of Dr. W. Siemens, the distinguished electrician, brother to Sir W. Siemens, at the advanced age of seventy-six. Mr. W. J. L. Assorr contributed to the last number of the ‘‘ Proceedings of the Geologists’ HARDWICKE’S SCLENCE-GOSSI/P. 19 Association ” a paper on the occurrence of the Walrus in the gravels of the Thames Valley, at a depth of 33 feet. THE Anniversary Dinner of the Royal Society was held on the evening of St. Andrew’s Day, under the presidency of Lord Kelvin. THE following are the Lecture Arrangements at the Royal Institution before Easter :—Sir Robert Stawell Ball, Six Lectures (adapted to a juvenile auditory) on Astronomy ; Professor Victor Horsley, Ten Lectures on the Brain; the Rev. Canon Ainger, Three Lectures on Tennyson; Professor Patrick Geddes, Four Lectures on the Factors of Organic Evolution; the Rey. Augustus Jessopp, Three Lectures on the Great Revival—a Study in Medizval History ; Professor C. Hubert H. Parry, Four Lectures on Expression and Design in Musie (with musical illustrations); the Right Hlon. Lord Rayleigh, Six Lectures on Sound and Vibrations. The Friday Evening Meetings will begin on January 20th, when a Discourse will be given by Professor Dewar on Liquid Atmospheric Air. “TRANSACTIONS OF THE HERTFORDSHIRE NATURAL History SOCIETY AND FIELD-CLUB.”— The journal of this Society contains in its numbers from June to October, 1892, among other articles, the following :—‘‘ Bats and some other Beasts,” by George Rooper, F.Z.S. ; ‘‘ Terrestrial British Quad- rupeds existing in the wild state at the Present Day,” by T. Vaughan Roberts; ‘‘ Notes on Birds observed in Hertfordshire during 1891,” by Henry Lewis ; ‘‘ Our Food-Fishes, their Friends and Foes,” by F. E. Beddard, M.A., F.Z.S.; ‘“‘ Amongst wild Beasts,” by A. Stradling, C.M.Z.S.; also various accounts of Field Meetings, additions to library, Balance Sheet, and Report of Councils. THE planet Jupiter obtains the greatest amount of attention from astronomers in all parts of the world. Its enormous size commands astronomical respect, and it illustrates the history of planetary evolution more effectively than any other member of the solar system. It exists in a stage through which our own earth passed hundreds of millions of years ago. This is shown by the fact that although Jupiter is 1300 times larger than the world we live on, it is only 310 times heavier. Jupiter is in the pre-vital planetary stage of evolution. That part we see through the telescope is only the reflection of the external atmosphere which surrounds, perhaps, a white-hot, and certainly a red-hot, planet. It is highly probable the lower part of Jupiter’s atmo- sphere is in a state of incandescence. Only the elasticity imparted by enormous heat could allow the body of the planet to sustain and resist the downward pressure of the vast ocean of vapours and gases above. Such an atmosphere, even if it had a depth of only sixty miles, would press on the surface of Jupiter with a weight many times that of platinum, unless counteracted by a very high temperature. The now famous great ‘‘red spot,” first observed twelve years ago, and which was formerly regarded as a glimpse of the solid body of Jupiter seen through its rent atmosphere, turns out to be a visible patch of the lower strata of the atmosphere itself. stantly shifting about, as are also other great patches visible upon the surface of the same mighty planet. The actual surface of the ‘‘ great red spot” visible on Jupiter is larger than that of the whole surface of our own globe. It is con- FRoM all of these facts, which are increasing in number every day, we may gather some knowledge of the restless physical activity of the body and atmosphere of this wonderful planet. It reminds a geologist vividly of the physical conditions through which our own world passed when, ages ago, before life began upon its surface, it was in a state of primi- tive development. At that time our earth was enormously larger than it is now, its volume possibly extending beyond the present orbit of the moon. By subsequent cooling and condensation it became the world pretty much as we now find it. After vast ages yet to come, Jupiter also will cool down until, instead of 1300 times larger than the earth, it will only be about 310. Those of our readers who wish to follow up this interesting subject should forthwith procure a nicely got up pamphlet, entitled ‘‘ Jupiter and his System,’’ written by a well-known lady, Miss Ellen M. Clerke, and published by Edward Stanford, Charing-Cross, at Is. Curious facts and curious inferences are constantly cropping up. Here is an example which seems to have something in it ; and blue-eyed people, of which England possesses so many, will not only be in- terested in the statement, but will notdeny it. It is to the effect that nearly all the greatest men of the world, in all ages, have had blue eyes. Amongst them are enumerated Socrates, Shakespeare, John Locke (the great metaphysician), Lord Bacon, John Milton, Goethe, Benjamin Pranklin, Napoleon the Great, the lately deceased great French historian Renan, Bismarck, Mr. Gladstone, Professor Huxley, Professor Virchow, and others. It is stated that, singularly enough, all the Presidents of the United States except General Harrison have had blue eyes. After this it will not be surprising if people try to change the colour of their eyes as they do that of their hair. DOUBILEss most readers have heard something about the comet discovered by Mr. E. Holmes some weeks ago, and which can be seen in the constella- tion Andromeda. Mr. Holmes gave a capital ac- count of it in a recent ‘‘ Graphic,” which we should advise our readers carefully to study. Stellar-pho- 20 HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. tography recorded it as far back as the 18th October last. The nucleus,’or most solid portion of this comet, seems to have shifted from the centre towards the front end. Thanks to photography and spectrum analysis, the comet Holmes will very likely afford the world a better knowledge of comets in general than any of its predecessors. MICROSCOPY. ‘* CHAMPIGNONS DE FRANCE.”—Under this title, Messrs. Jf. Tempére & E. Dutertre, of Paris, are issuing a series of admirably mounted slides, of sections, as well as entire specimens of the minuter fungi. We have just received the first dozen, and can therefore testify to their neatness and usefulness. A student of microscopic fungi can now travel on a royal road to knowledge. The sections of most plants, with their parasitic fungi, are marvels of modern mounting. These slides are accompanied by four fascicules, or parts of explanatory text. They are well and clearly printed, and each species is carefully synonymised, its habits and habitats de- scribed, as well as a carefully and plainly detailed diagnosis of its structure,’ appearance, etc.: these fascicules are published in French. New S.Lipes.—We have received from Mr. Ernest Hinton, 12, Vorley Road, Upper Holloway, two beautifully mounted and highly instructive objects. One is the well-known hydroid Ludendrium ramasum, with the tentacles fully expanded, an exquisite thing with the paraboloid. The otheris the stigma of the narrow-leaved perennial - oat-grass (Avena pratensis). The stigma has the filaments and stamens attached to it. The stamens are shown filled with pollen. ZOOLOGY. BLACK-VEINED WHITE BUTTERFLY.—A corre- spondent asked in ScIENCE-GossIP, for December 1891, for records of instances where this insect has been taken in this country during the past twenty years. During May of last year a friend of mine who possesses a keen eye for all kinds of strange things, sent me a butterfly, in a somewhat -battered condition, which he took on the outskirts of this valley, and which I had no difficulty in identifying as the black-veined white. It was one of about a score which the observer saw hovering along a narrow lane. Being struck by the marked difference they bore to the common whites, he gave chase, but having nothing better than his hat to take them in, and being somewhat stiffened by the wear of sixty-five summers, the specimen which he secured was in a very dilapidated condition, and altogether unworthy of a placein the cabinet. A few weeks back I was talking with an enthusiastic young entomologist on the subject, and was agreeably surprised to find she had secured a fairly good specimen of the same insect of this neighbourhood in 1891.—Geo. H. Davey, Pousanooth, Perranwell Station, Cornwall. Tue LATE W. Marriev WILLIAMS.—It is with the utmost regret we have to record the sudden death of our old friend and delightful correspondent at Neas- den on Monday, November 28th. All our old readers will remember his monthly papers on contemporary science. Mr. Williams wrote several important scientific books, such as ‘*‘The Fuel of the Sun,’ “¢ Chemistry of Cooking,” etc. One of his earliest and most delightful books in reality opened the country described, ‘* Through Norway with a Knapsack.’’ Mr. Williams was a man of an enormous range of reading, a good chemist, geologist, and naturalist, and a good hater of scientific priggism. Tue Ruppy SHELDRAKE.—The Ruddy Sheldrake (Zadorna casarca) has occurred in some number on several of our coasts this year, and many ornitho- logists are interested in this bird. Its first appear- ance in Norfolk was recorded in SCIENCE-GossIP for 1869, by Thomas Southwell, Esq. F.Z.S., who says it occurred on the 26th of March, when a male was “killed” on the beach at Snettisham by Mr. Wright, but further on in the volume Dr. L. positively informs us ‘‘the bird alluded to in our last was a veritable ‘escape.’” Be this as it may, Mr. G. Smith of Yarmouth writes me that a young ““ Ruddy ” was washed ashore at Snettisham on the 13th of last September, and evidently looks upon this as the first certain record of the bird having been taken in Norfolk. I will not quote from I’. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., M.A., F.Z.S., who writes a very in- teresting paper on the subject in the ‘‘Zoologist ” for November of this year. I have tried to get information from gentlemen residing in various parts of the country, but with poor result. Mr. H. W. Marsden states that one was taken or seen in Hereford, which was probably an ‘‘ escape,” and adds that a ‘specimen from near Gloucester once came into his possession. The London Naturalists seem to have nothing to say on the subject. Another specimen of the Ruddy Sheldrake was undoubtedly shot near Ipswich the end of last March, probably on the river Orwell, as it was seen in the flesh by Dr. Taylor, who states it was offered for sale to him, and at the time was dripping from the beak ; it has since been lost sight of, and all attempts to discover its present where- abouts have failed. Mr. Kerry of Harwich says he neither saw nor heard of such a bird being taken in the district. I would be much obliged if readers of ScIENCE-GossIP, throughout the country would kindly communicate with me vid Dr. Taylor’s admirable ) | HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. 21 journal, if they have seen or heard of specimens of this rare and almost extinct bird during the past year. Readers dwelling in and about Tpswich are invited to view the specimen, a female in a very fine state of preservation, in the Ipswich Museum.—C. Morley. EArRTHWORMS.—It may interest some of your readers to know that among a consignment of earth- worms I collected last November, at Beechwood, near Malahide, Co. Dublin, and sent to the Rev. Hilderic Friend, F.L.S., to be identified, there were five worms new to Ireland and one to science. Mr. Friend has very kindly sent me the following list :—Zumbricus terrestris, L. ; L. rubellus, Hoffm. ; L. purpureus. Eisen; Allolobophora longa, Ade; A. trapezoidea, Duges, new to the Irish list ; 4. ch/orotica, Savigny ; A. muscosa, Kisen, new to the Irish list ; A. turgida, Wisen; A. subrubicunda, Kisen, new to the Izish list; Dendrobena Eisenz, Levinsen, new to the Irish list; D. arborea, Eisen, new to the Irish ist; D. rosea, Friend, the new worm, first found here, subsequently in Gloucestershire ; A//zrus tetre- drus, Savigny ; A. tctragonurus, Friend.—F. Trum- bull. BOTANY. PRESERVATION OF CoLouRS IN: DRIED Frowers.—In reply to the query of I. G. in your December issue, as to the better preservation of the colour of certain Campanulas accidentally pressed be- tween fly-leaf and cover of book, I fancy the cause lies, not in the colour, but the glossiness of the paper, which would cause it to be non-absorbent, as I find from experience that plants dried between highly glazed paper lose their colours much less than when dried in the orthodox fashion.—F% L. CASUAL AND ALIEN PLANTS.—Under the above heading an interesting notice appears in the Decem- ber number of SCIENCE-Gossip. It is very curious tonote the way in which these plants appear in a neighbourhood, and sometimes establish themselves without-its being possible to trace the manner in which they came. For instance I have found Amoracia rusticana in all sorts of odd spots, some- times a very long way from paths or houses. Last year I discovered a single plant of Lepidiam ruderale close to a small foot-way almost in the heart of Leicester, and on looking again this season I found some forty or fifty specimens. This is, if I am not mistaken, usually a sea-side flower, and so far as I could make out there had been no soil moved to or from the place where it was growing fora long while, nor do I know any other reason which would account for its presence. I also found it in July between the metals on the G.E.R. near Bramford, but there, of course, it might have been carried with ballast. Hesperis matronalis is sometimes found, generally escaped from a garden not far off. Lenz wsitatesst- mum I have seen in an open drive through a wood, and in many other places, but even though flax be not cultivated in the neighbourhood, there are several ways in which it might have occurred. JZelilotus alba suddenly appeared one year in a brick-yard near Kibworth, in Leicestershire, but was not permanent. My father, Captain Howard, observed and gathered a Potentilla, I think P. Azvta, on the mud which had been taken out of the river Gipping, between Ipswich and Claydon, and which had been left beside the towing-path. While living at Wher- stead, in Suffolk, I once brought some specimens of Sedum Anglicum from near Felixstowe, and having kept some, threw the others away. The next year the tiles on one side of a shed near-by bore many specimens of this plant, but I do not knowif it is still in existence there. At Saddington Reservoir in Leicestershire, some years ago, one or two plants of Gnanthe phellandrium made their appearance. The water-keeper was one day going to pull them up, but a gentleman who was boating, persuaded him to leave them. The water now is full of @. phellan- drium. Vinca major is well established in many places, particularly round old shrubberies. yoscy- amus niger seems to turn up in a very uncertain fashion, several specimens being found in a parish one year, then disappearing, and perhaps reappearing after some years. I have known several instances of this. In anold gravel-pit near Smeeton, in Leicester- shire, I dropped on to Ovobanche elatior. It seemed to have been there some considerable time, but I know no other spot in the country where it grows. I gathered at Felixstowe, some years ago, a single shoot of Asparagus officinalis, but I never found any more there. It used, however, to grow abundantly on the banks of the Orwell, some miles away, but I believe, is now destroyed by a sewage outfall. This list might be multiplied considerably by including such plants as Safonaria officinalis, which is growing in great abundance by the roadside at Bramford and one or two neighbouring villages, but which is evi- dently a stray from the cottage gardens hard by. I may mention, however, that a C/aytonia, which I think is C. szlerica, was forwarded to me from near Buxton, where it was flourishing, to all appearance wild. Many of the examples quoted above may have been carried by birds, by the wind, or by streams, but for some I can think of no probable means of transportation. In the Rev. F. B. Zincke’s book, entitled ‘‘ Wherstead,” the author mentions, that on cleaning out the mud from a pond in Wher- stead Park where no water-cress grew, a great number of young plants of MW. officinale quickly sprang into life on the half-dried heaps of soil. Would this fact account for any of the occurrences of these casual or alien plants ?—Lawyrence Creaghe- Haward. 22 HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSST/P. COLORATION IN PLANTS.—The remarks of I. G. reminded me of a curious fact I noticed in connection with some sprays of blossom from the everlasting pea. They were early blossoms, of a gorgeous crimson colour, and were used a good deal for table decora- tion. When the cut flowers had been in water a day or two, instead of drooping and falling, the stems remained erect, but the highly coloured flowers gradually changed in colour to a pale chalk-blue, to much the same tint, in fact, as that of the hare- bell. Nor was the colour one which gave the im- pression as of a fading flower ; it was as though the adopted colour was the natural and original one. The change was noticed on some few occasions. Blossoms taken later in the year did not, however, change so well.—Zdward A. Martin, SoME STRAY PLANTS IN NorTH LONDON.— Building is constantly in progress in suburban London, and it often happens that-when a large estate is laid out for this purpose, only a small part is built on at first, and the rest of the ground is left waste, often for several years. As this neighbourhood is hilly, it is often necessary to level the ground before building. Whenever this is done, and the new surface left to itself for any time, it is curious and interesting to watch the plants that first take possession, together with the common weeds. The following plants have been noticed in such situations (with three exceptions noted below): Lyrysimume cheiranthoides, L., East Finchley and Crouch End; £. orientale, Br., Crouch End; Brassica tenuifolia, Bois., East Finchley and Brickfield at Hampstead ; Camelina sativa, Crantz, Muswell Hill and Crouch End; Zhlaspi arvense, L., and Lepidium ruderale, L., Crouch End; Dianthus armeria, \.., found once in a wood at East Finchley, apparently indigenous ; Sapfonaria vaccaria, ‘Crouch End; Jmpatiens parviflora, Wampstead, probably brought with greenhouse refuse ; Ae/zlotus officinalis, L., and 4 alba, Lam., Crouch End; Potentilla argentea, .., roadside, Highgate ; Carum carvi, L., Crouch End; Centaurea cyanus, L., several locali- ties; Chenopodium polyspermum, L., and Rumex maritima, L., Crouch End; Panicum viride, L., Muswell Hill; /halaris canariensis, L., localities. several None of the above are commonly found about here, and none have gained a permanent footing. They have appeared for two or three years, and have then been choked out by the common weeds. Where did the seeds of these plants come from, and how were they brought ? It is not easy to say, unless, indeed, they were brought with some of the building materials that were used near. The soil here is chiefly stiff London clay.—F. £. Cooper. COLORATION OF FLoweERs.—Let I. G. (page 281, Dec. number) rest assured that the colouring- matters of the harebell and that of the gentian are, so far as chemical reactions go, just the same. I have carefully examined the different parts of the harebell (C. rotundifolia), with the result of finding the quantity of pigment in the petals to be very small, and their colour to be really not a pure blue, but more or less purple. With regard to the gentian, it is well known that the order to which it belongs is specially rich in aromatic principles, calculated to furnish a basis for the production of vivid and brilliant pigments. The difference, therefore, in the matter of stability. which these two flowers exhibit on drying is, I think, solely to be attributed to the relative quantities of the colouring-matters present in the petals when they were put in the press, z.¢., the harebell with its small leaves contains very little, while the gentian, with its abundant chlorophyllaceous tissue and highly favourable habit, produces very much that some gentians gathered in Switzerland twenty years ago, should now be as fresh as ever, is an extremely interesting fact, inasmuch as it evinces how dependent the blue and red tints of flowers are upon the brilliant and prolonged sunlight of the alpine regions. Where, on the other hand, as among the equatorial Andes, there is almost perpetual fog and mist, nothing but yellow flowers are produced. Finally, the fact of the harebell being stained by an inner book-cover and fly-leaf is nothing more remarkable than that of a claret stain on an ordinary table-cloth or napkin.— LQ. Keegan. more. Then again, GEOLOGY. THE ‘‘ UNDERGROUND GEOLOGY OF LONDON.” — The argument quoted by ‘‘ Llesba”’ from Mr. Whita- ker’s important work on the above subject, is cer- tainly a strong one in favour of deciding the age of the doubtful red and grey beds as triassic. The last edition of the book was in the press at the time of the discovery of coal at Dover, and consequently did net take cognisance of that fact. The remarks, therefore, which Mr. Whitaker made in his paper before the Society of Arts on April 23rd, 1890, were made subsequently to the writing of the passage which was quoted, and in this paper was the follow- ing. ‘‘A few years ago there seemed to me to bea balance of probability in favour of the new red, but I now fear the balance has veered round, for some of these red and grey beds at Streatham are more like old red, or to the passage-beds from that formation into the underlying Silurian, than to anything else.” It is well to bear in mind, that at a depth of 1255 feet ““some small objects, believed to be fst vemaizis, occurred” in slightly differing sandstone to those above, while in the last two feet (1257 feet and 1258 feet), the rock was ‘‘a hard grey micaceous sand- stone containing carbonaceous fragments.” —Ldward A, Martin. i HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSI/P. 23 NOTES AND QUERIES. ANT COMMUNITIES.—Sir John Lubbock, in a recent lecture on the Habits of Ants, said that the question naturally arose whether ants were moral and accountable beings. They had their desires, their passions—even their caprices. The young were absolutely helpless. Their communities were sometimes so numerous that, perhaps, London and Pekin were almost the only cities which could com- pare with them. Moreover, their nests were no mere collections of independent individuals, nor. even temporary associations like the flocks of migratory birds, but organised communities, labouring with the utmost harmony for the common good. The re- markable analogies, which to our human societies they presented in so many ways, rendered them peculiarly interesting to us, and one could not but long to know more of their character, how the world appeared to them, and to what extent they were conscious and reasonable beings. Various observers had recorded, in the case of ants, instances of attachment and affection. He had never, in the whole course of his observations, noticed a quarrel between two ants belonging to the same nest. Within the limits of the community all was harmony. On the other hand, it must be confessed that ants not belonging to the same nest were always enemies, even if belonging to the same species. Sir John went on to give details of a number of interesting experiments and observations which, he contended, might be held to prove the possession by the ant, of an almost human intelligence. One result which he deduced was, that even in the largest nests the ants all recognised their companions. He had invariably found that if a strange ant, even of the same species, was introduced into a nest, she was sure to be attacked and driven out. He had also made some experiments on the power possessed by ants of re- membering their friends, and he found that after a year’s separation they did so. FRuIT AND BLossom.—In your December number, a correspondent mentions his having seen an apple- tree this year bearing fruit and blossom at the same time. At Bramford, in September, I noticed a pear tree having several bunches of blossom, together with a fair quantity of rapidly-ripening fruit. A friend, too, has to-day told me of an japple-tree he saw in September, near Portsmouth, which had a great quantity of bloom, but no fruit. Inthe example { observed at Bramford, there was not that lack of leaves mentioned by Mr. Horn.—Z. Creaghe-Haward, Bramfpord, Ipswich. Marcie HiILtt.—Some time ago, I remember seeing an enquiry in SCIENCE-GossIP (I think it was the }february or March number), from a gentleman in Merthyr Tydvil, asking some reader to give him particulars and peculiarities of Marcle Hill, near Woolhope, Herefordshire. Having lately spent my holidays at Woolhope, I venture to describe this hill asbest Lcan. Inmy edition of Camden’s ‘‘ Britannia,” a note runs thus :—‘* Near the conflux of the Lugg and the Wye, eastward, a hill, which they call Marcley Hill, in the year 1575, roused itself up, as it were, out of a sleep, and for three days together, shoving its prodigious body forward with a horrible roaring noise and overturning all that stood in its way, advanced itself (to the great astonishment of the beholders) to a higher station; by that kind of earthquake, I suppose, which the naturalists call Brosmatia.” In my opinion the moving, or upheaving, of this hill has left nothing in particular visible that is not common to other hills situated in Hereford- shire, to show that an earthquake ever took place here. At the foot of Marcle Hill is a large road- stone quarry. A footpath runs along the top of the hill for about a mile. The view from the summit of this hill, on a clear day, is magnificent. The hill is surrounded by cultivated fields, and there is a chapel called Kinnaston, standing, I should imagine, close to the spot where the former Kinnaston Chapel stood, before the moving of Marcle Hill. The hill itself is on one side covered with shrubs, bushes and trees, the other side appears to be cultivated.—Dazid 7. Levan, Birmingham. V. C. ALBuM.—In reference to a note I saw ina recent SCIENCE-GoOssIP on the occurrence of V. C. album in Caernarvon, it may be of interest to your readers that I saw several specimens at the end of August, at Tynigraes, near Dolgelly, and one at Nevui, Carnarvon. At the former place I also found C. xerampelina on an ash tree. C. edusa seemed quite common everywhere in North Wales, and I have seen a good many about here (Hereford) this year, where their occurrence is unusual. In Kent I saw simply swarms of them, with some /e/ice.— A. £. Boycott. Is THE HEDGEHOG REALLY UNAFFECTED BY Poison.—From time to time I have noticed in your valuable paper, SCIENCE-GossIP, reports from various correspondents asserting that poisons of different kinds have no effect whatever on the hedge- hog, and this 1s again repeated in a note for the current month, November. We live ina street with the house coming right up to the pavement in front, and the back and sides thereof inclosed by a wall at least five feet in height. A few years ago conster- nation reigned in our kitchen in consequence of what was then believed by the servants to be a large rat which had appeared inthe larder. By the direction of my mother some of Keating’s vermia-killer was obtained and put into some bread and milk in a saucer and placed on the floor of the larder ; on the following morning a fine hedgehog was found dead therein, Thinking that the above fact might interest your numerous correspondents I venture to forward this brief note.—Carleton Rea. RepLty TO Mr. CHAyTor’s QUERY.—A gallon of water contains 277°28 cubic inches ; area of #-inch pipe, °4417 of an inch ; therefore, length of pipe to hold one gallon 627°75 inches.—F Zerry. NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. To CoRRESPONDENTS AND EXCHANGERS.—As we now publish ScreNcE-Gossip earlier than formerly, we cannot un- dertake to insert in the following number any communications which reach us later than the 8th of the previous month, To Anonymous QueErists.—We must adhere to our rule of not noticing queries which do not bear the writers’ names. To DEALERS AND OTHERS.—We are always glad to treat dealers in natural history objects on the same fair and general ground as amateurs, in so far as the ‘‘exchanges”’ offered are fair exchanges. But it is evident that, when their offers are simply DisGuis—ED ADVERTISEMENTS, for the purpose of evading the cost of advertising, an advantage is taken of our gratuztous insertion of ‘‘exchanges,” which cannot be tolerated. WE request that all exchanges may be sigred with name (or initials) and full address at the end. SpzcraL Nore.—There is a tendency on the part of some exchangers to send more than one per month. We only allow _ this in the case of writers of papers. 24 HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. To our Recent ExcHANGERS.—Weare willing to be helpful to our genuine naturalists, but we cannot further allow ais- guised Exchanges like those which frequently come to us to appear unless as advertisements. L. Wricut.—Yes, stones do grow, but they grow less! that is by weather and chemical action. The too common notion that ‘‘stones grow” (like potatoes) is absurd. The idea usually applies to the stones ploughed up from the boulder clays. AGrion.—Apply to Mr. W. Harcourt Bath, 195 Ladywood, Old Birmingham. EXCHANGES. WANTED, a collection (herbarium specimens, accurately named) of British grasses and sedges.—Mr. Turner, The Gardens, Buile Hill, Pendleton, Manchester. B. Leachit, L. glabra, C. Rolphit, H, Fenkinsi, and many others, offered in exchange for P. voseum, L. glabra, L. rvadiatula, H. lamellata, H. revelata, etc.—Arthur S. Poore, Seivour Cottage, Abbey Road, Belvedere, Kent. Jurassic brachiopoda from the Cotteswolds, offered for brachiopoda from other localities. Lists exchanged.—Chas. Upton, Merton Lodge, Stonehouse, Glos. WANTED, to exchange eggs of roseate tern, laughing gull, noddy, sooty tern, Bartram’s sandpiper, etc., for others not in collection. Please send lists to—W. Wells-Bladen, Stone, Staffs. Exotic butterflies: Urania rhypheus, fulgens, Papilio Paris, vernalis, Morpho Menelaus, Orn. Brooktana, aruana, and other rare and splendid species in duplicate; also wings of ditto for the microscope. Wanted, P. ascanius, Photinus cactcus, ‘aristeus, epaminondas, etc.—J. C. Hudson, Railway Terrace, Cross Lane, Manchester. WanTED, odd vols. of Sowerby’s “‘English Botany” (3rd ed.), except 7, 8, and 9; also Boreau’s ‘‘ Flore du Centre.” Offered, classical or theological works. —E. F. Linton, Crymlyn, Bournemouth. Micro. slides. Selected or strewn slides in exchange for insect or botanical mounts.—T. B. Bessell, 8 Elmgrove Road, Bristol. OFFERED, fossils and minerals from all formations, in ex- change for modern theological works, bound volumes of “Great Thoughts,” or novels by G. Macdonald, J. M. Barrie, or Conan Doyle. Good value given. Send lists to—James Marsden, Enterprise Buildings, Preston. Van TieGHiEM’s ‘Traité de Botanique” (1891), Bower and Vine’s ‘‘ Practical Botany (36 slides to illustrate same), Strasburger’s ‘‘ Practical Botany,” Asa Gray’s ‘‘ Structural Botany,” Aitken’s ‘‘ Botany,” Morgan’s ‘* Flowering Plants,” and other Botanical works. Want works on Calculus, or high- class geological literature, or rocks, minerals, rock slides, or fossils. —Wilmore, Trawden, Lancs. MarinE shells from New Zealand offered for foreign land and freshwater shells, microscopic slides illustrating useful or noxious insects, or botanical or entomological lantern slides. — —W. A. Gain, Tuxford, Newark. OFFERED, a few butterflies and moths, English and Cana- dian, in exchange for diptera, English or foreign.—Miss G. R., 25 Cleveland Square, London, W. WANTED, the skull of a dog.—Parritt, 8 Whitehall Park, Hornsey Rise, N. For exchange, Cambrian and Silurian trilobites and grapto- lites, corals, etc. Wanted, foreign shells and fossils from all formations. Lists exchanged.—W. H. Banks, Ridgebourne, Kington, Herefordshire. WANTED, the nests, cells of bees, and a few specimens of the bees themselves ; also lantern-slides of animals and vegetables, in return for my microscopical slides. Apply to the Rev. J. E. Vize, Forden Vicarage, Welshpool. One hundred micro. slides in exchange for other slides, material, accessories, or books.—John T. Neeve, 68 High Street, Deal. Wuat offers for 72 numbers of ScizeNCcE-GossiP, 1886-1692 ; also 26 numbers of “‘ Journal of Conchology,” 1886-1892, in good condition, some uncut ?—T. E. Sclater, Natural History Stores, 43 Northumberland Place, Teignmouth. OFFERED, preserved (dry) specimens of star-fish, sea-urchins, etc., and microscopic material; also “Dr. Carpenter on the Microscope” (pub. 1857), 760 pages, 345 wood engravings. Wanted, the rarer British land and freshwater shells, or foreign shells. —F. W. Wotton, Mount Stuart, Rothesay. SciencE-Gossip wanted for 1869-74, and also for 1878, 1880, 1883, and 1884; must be clean and in good condition.—Walter E. Collinge, Editor ‘The Conchologist,”’ Birmingham. WANTED, single copies of ‘‘ British Naturalist ” for January, 1891, September to December (inclusive), 1891, and January to September (inclusive), 1892. Offers to—K. W. Swanton, Doddington, Sittingbourne. FossiLs, etc., from Faringdon (sponges), Swindon, Devizes, Isle of Wight, Barton clay, Isle of Purbeck, etc. ; also phos- phatic chalk from Taplow, in exchange for fossils or other geological specimens.—A. C. Salter, 8 Venetia Road, Finsbury ark, WanTED, material or dredgings containing foraminifera from all parts of the world. I will give named and mounted forms in exchange, or slides in other departments of micro- scopy.—Frank S. Morton, *158 Cumberland Street, Portland, Maine, U.S.A. WANTED, ‘‘The Monthly Review,’ 23 volumes, 1793-1800. Offers, conchological (British), microscopical, or as part ex- change for telescope.—Rev. W. H. Skan, St. John’s, Hendon, Middlesex. SHELLS from the Pleistocene clays, Paisley, for exchange- Wanted, foreign stamps, or geological or conchological litera~ ture. Lists exchanged. Silence a negative.—Walter C- Shields, 36 Garturk Street, Crosshill, Glasgow. EXCHANGE—8 vols. Waverly Novels (cost 72s.), 2 vols. “‘ History of the World (half-calf, 21s.), ‘Science and Art of Religion” (7s. 6d.), Figuier’s ‘‘Human Race” (7s. 6d.), “Dulce Domum” (55.), vol. i. ‘‘ Science Siftings ” (bound, 5s. 6d.) ; the above all new; 5 vols. ‘‘ Union Jack” (bound), and many other books. No reasonable offer refused. Wanted, Morgan’s ‘‘ Animal Biology,’”’ Huxley’s ‘‘ Biology,’’ Hurst's “* Zoology,” and other standard works on kindred subjects.— Shoosmith, Stopsley, Luton, Beds. WanTED, ‘‘ Vertebrate Fauna of the Outer Hebrides,” by Buckley and Harvie-Brown.—P. Ralfe, 4 Queen’s Terrace, Douglas, I. of Man. OFFERED, a lapidary’s hand-machine for cutting rock sections, strong and well made. Wanted, books on petrology or geology, micro.-spectroscope, or offers.—R. de H. St. Stephens, 25 Fordwych Road, West Hampstead, N.W. Columbella mercatorea, Fissurella barbadensis, Phasianella barbadensis, Planaxis lineatus, Tellina Rombergit. T. tigerina, Voluta musica, and other West Indian shells, offered in exchange for land or marine shells not in collection, or Lyell’s ‘‘Student’s Manual of Geology.” Lists exchanged. —J. Burman Rosevear, 51 Crouch Hill, London, N. ’ BOOKS, ETC., RECEIVED FOR NOTICE. “Transactions of the Hertfordshire Natural History Society and Field Club” (London: Gurney & Jackson).—‘‘The Entomologist’s Record”? (London: Elliot Stock). — ‘The Naturalist’s Journal” (London: W. Longley).—‘‘ The Cana- dian Entomologist ’’ (London: London Printing and Litho- graphing Co.).—‘‘Man and the Glacial Period,” by G. F. Wright, D.D., LL.D., etc. (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Triibner & Co.).—“ A Memorial of Joseph Henry ” (Washing- ton: Government Printing Office).—‘‘ U.S. GeologicaliSurvey ” 1889 and 1890 (Washington: Government Printing Office),— “‘List of Members of the Geologists’ Association” (London: University College, Gower Street).—‘‘ The Botanical Gazette ’”’ (Bloomington, Indiana).—‘‘The Annals and Magazine of Natural History” (London: Taylor & Francis).—‘‘ Insect Life’? (Washington: Government Printing Office).—‘‘ Tech- nics.”’—‘‘ Nature Notes” (London; H. Sotheran & Co.).— “ Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes.”—‘‘ The Naturalist ” (Lon- don: Lovell Reeve & Co.)—‘‘The Chemistry of Life and Health,” by C. W. Kimmins, M.A. (London: Methuen & Co.).—*‘ Health and Beauty in Dress,” by Mrs. Ada S. Ballin (London: John Flack).—‘‘ The Geological Magazine ” (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Triibner & Co.).—‘‘The Mining, Manufacture, and Uses of Asbestos,” by Mr. J. Alfred Fisher (Office of ‘‘ West Ham Guardian,” Stratford).— “The Midland Naturalist’? (London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co.).—‘‘ Observations on Dew and Frost,” by the Hon. R. Russell, F.R. Met. Soc. (London: Edward Stanford).—‘‘ The Idler” (London: Chatto & Windus).—‘‘ Baby” (London: The Hansard Publishing Union),—Longman’s ‘‘ Notes on Books.” —‘‘ The Herald of Health”’ (London: Messrs. Nichols & Co.). —‘*‘A Few Remarks on what has been done with Screw- Propelled Aero-Plane Machines,” by F. G. Stringfellow (Chard: Young & Sons).—‘‘The Building of the British Isles,” by A. J. Jukes-Browne, B.A., F.G.S. (London: George Bell & Sons).—‘‘ Les Champignons de France,” (Paris: Imp. Hy. Tribout, to Rue Jacques Cour).—‘‘ Child-Life Almanac,’ 1893.-—‘‘ The Naturalist on the River Amazons,’” by Henry Walter Bates, F.R.S. (London: John Murray, Albemarle Street), etc., etc. CoMMUNICATIONS RECEIVED UP TO THE 10TH ULT. FROM: W. A.—P. R.—A. E. B.—H. A. J. W. T._J. W. D. K.—R. de H. St. S—F. R.—J. B. R.; etc., etc. ———————<— HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. 25 NOTES ON THE’ CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY'S NEW LIST OF BRITISH MOLLUSCA. By T. D. A. COCKERELL. [Continued from p. 16.) : ODLFICATIONS of a racial charac- ter, continuously inherited, indepen- dently of the nor- mal form. It is hardly ne- cessary to dwell on these, further than to remark that they are often so by virtue of isolation, and if brought into con- nection with the normal form would speedily be re- duced to the rank of mutations by intercrossing, if their characters did not become obliterated. It is for this reason that we do not call them true species, but they are, of course, a further step towards the formation of species. So much for preliminary remarks ; I will now pro- ceed to notice various points in the list which seem to call for criticism or comment, omitting mere matters of opinion, and also numerous matters which I do not feel competent to discuss, without more research than I have time for. 1. Avion ater, var. bicolor ; why credited to Roe- buck, instead of Moquin-Tandon ? 2. A. ater, var. nigrescens (Razoumouskii) is omitted, though hitherto accepted as valid by Mr. Roebuck, and the same remark applies to vars pallescens and succineus. : 3. A. ater, Vv. cinerea (=cinerascens) is omitted, though described as new by Mr. Roebuck in ‘‘ Natu- ralist,” 1888, p. 284, from a Nottingham specimen. No. 338.—FEBRUARY 1893. 4. Limax maximus, var. cinerea, Moq., is really Miiller’s Z. cézeveus a, which is the same as c7nereo- niger. The English v. czzevea of Roebuck is doubt- less a different thing, and correctly referred to MAXIMUS. 5. L. flavus, where is Mr. Roebuck’s var. griseus. ? Is it considered a synonym of var. #aculatus, Kal. ? It should be mentioned that Moquin-Tandon’s macz- Zatus is different from Kaleniczenko’s, and being of more recent date, stands in need of anew name. It may be called z/gvomaculatus, being brown with black spots. The varieties “gris and colubyinus of Pini are Closely allied, and all three were found by Pini at Esino. 6. Agriolimax agrestis, var. filans, which is dropped, is certainly not more distinct than several mutations which have not yet been named. 7. A. agrestis, var, albida, as usually accepted in England, is really var. a/ba, Ckll. There has been some difference of opinion as to the true var. albidus, but at all events, it seems not to be an albino, like alba, 8. Hyalinia cellaria, var. compacta, Jeff., omitted from the list, has been regarded as identical with the earlier named var. s¢/vatica, Morch; while var. com- planata, according to Westerlund, is not separable from the type. 9. Helix aspersa, var. grisea. Why is this omitted ? Tie name was an ill-chosen one, but the variety, as generally recognised, is quite a local race in some districts. 10. Helix nemoralis. The var. carnea, introduced some years ago by Messrs. Roebuck and Taylor, was not defined, and now it disappears without having . given a proper account of itself. The only descrip- tion of it I have seen is that given by Mr. Williams in 1889. 11. Helix hortensis, var. pallida, which is omitted, is to some extent a geographical race, according to Cc 26 HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSTP. my observation, though it may occur occasionally in localities outside of its usual range.{ The same remarks apply to var. /Jacina, which is included. It should be noted that the var. fa/dida is very pale purplish, not pale yellowish, as I have seen it described, 12. /7, hortensis, var. roscolabiata. I have pre- ferred for this the prior name Aybrida, Jeffreys, but owing to the confusion that has existed about so- called ybrida, there is something to be said in favour of Mr. Taylor’s name. It would seem, however, that this form was included in Colbeau’s var. sawveuri (1866), although Westerlund gives that as a synonym of var. fuscolabiata, Kreg. 13. HZ. hortensis, var. umbilicata, which,is omitted, is practically the same as Westerlund’s var. ferforata (1871). The var. 7ajor is also left out, and rightly, since it has never been defined ; but I have taken a remarkably large form, which it seemed possible to include under Westerlund’s var. crassa. 14. LZ. hortensis, var. sinistrorsa. Credited to Mr. Taylor, but did not Miss F. M. Hele first name it in “Journ. Conch.,” vol. i. p. 248? The same remark applies to the sinistral form of A. aspersa. 15. H. arbustorum. What has become of var. Laylei? Is it considered the same as var. alpestris, following Servain? The var. a/festris, according to both Westerlund and Servain, should be known as alpicola—the last-mentioned author regarding it as a species. 16. H. cantiana. Why are not the small varieties included? The var. adbocincta must} be very similar to var. ancona, Issel, judging from the description of the latter. 17. H. cantiana, var. albida, Taylor, is a synonym of var. alba, Colbeau, 1866. 18. Hf, rufescens, var. depressa. Locard named a var. depressa, but I believe did not describe it. I have not seen any description by Mr. Taylor either, but it may well be in some publication to which I have not access in Jamaica. 19. Hf. hispida, var. albida. By the union of con- cinna with hispida, there have come to be two vars. albida. The H. concinna, var. albida of Jeffreys may stand as . hispida, var. alba, having been called concinna, var. alla, by Mr. Williams in 1889. (‘Land and F.-W. Shells,” p. 83.) 20. HZ. caperata, var. nana, is a distinct little form, which might well have been included. I found it forming a local race at Teddington, and have given specimens to the Conchological Society. 21. H. virgata, var. subdeleta, is a characteristic British§form, though occurring elsewhere ; it should surely have been included. 22. H: terrestris. Ihave seen var. hypozona, Mogq. among the English specimens, though not quite characteristic. The specimens were sent to me by the Rev. J. W. Horsley. 23. Luliminus obscurus, var. brevis, Brown, is, I believe, a distinct variety. It was originally, from Fifeshire, and is shorter and more inflated than the type, with a more acute apex. 24. Clausilia biplicata, var. tridentata,| which is omitted, is, I think, strictly a monstrosity. I had only one specimen. 25. C. Rolphit, var. nitida. As this name has been published (‘‘ Journ, of Conch.,” 1891, p. 392), although not given in the list, I may as well furnish a description. It is 13 mill. long and 33 broad, deep red-brown, shiny, not so tumid as the usual form, strize not quite so close together. ‘This form has the same dimensions as var. digonostoma, Bgt. ; it was sent to me by the Rev. J. W. Horsley, and collected at Plumstead. What I: regard as the type- form of the species, also from Plumstead, is 12 mill. long, 3% broad, horn-colour, shiny. 26. C. rugosa, var. crenulata, Crowther, ‘omitted from the list, is preoccupied by a continental var. crenulata, Risso, 1826. If Mr. Crowther’s variety should be considered a valid one, it must have a new name; it is distinguished by ‘‘having the mouth closed by a varying crenulated inner lip, the pro- jections being small teeth of different lengths and thicknesses.” It was found at Roundhay, near Leeds, and described in the ‘* Leeds Mercury.” 27. Stenogyra octona, as wellas S. Goodalli, occurs as an introduced shell in greenhouses. It is recorded from near Manchester by Mr. J. R. Hardy ; and I re- collect seeing some specimens years ago, but have forgotten where they were obtained. 28. Helix carthusiana, var. major, Jenner (15 mill. diam.), is omitted, and no doubt rightly, as there is an earlier var. #ajor of Westerlund (18 mill. diam.). Unless the minimum dimensions of the latter are to be brought down to 15 mill., Mr. Jenner’s variety must be dropped, or else receive a new name. 29. Cochlicopa lubrica, var. exigua, Mke., takes the place of var. mznima, Siem., of the ‘‘B. Nat. Cat.” 30. Succinea suecica of the **B. Nat. Cat.” is the same as parvila, Pascal; and S. acuta is probably S. putris, var. The arrangement of Succinea in the new list is very different from that of my catalogue, but if a careful examination and study were made of the British species and varieties of this perplexing genus, no doubt the result would differ as widely from both as they do from one another. 31. Planorbis umbilicatus. If Westerlund is correct in identifying this with the Aelix planorbis, Linn., it ought in strict priority, to be called Planorbis planorbis. Macgillivray (‘‘ Conch. Text-Book,” 9th ed., p. 57), identifies Helix planorbis with Planorbis cavinatus ; very possibly Linné did not discriminate between the two species now called cavinatus and umbilicatus. 32. P. corneus. Why are the major and minor varieties introduced as British in the Trans. Yorks. Nat. Union, left out ? 33. Physa hypnorum, var. angulata, which is omitted, limnoidea. HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSTIP. 27 was described from one specimen, and is, I think, an individual monstrosity ; very likely other specimens will occasionally be found, as is usually the case with The same remarks apply to ZLimmnea glutinosa, var. intorta. such forms. 34. Limnea stagnalis, vax. speciosa, which is omitted, is a very distinct-looking variety. 35. L. stagnalis, var. elegantula, is omitted, though it is a very remarkable little variety. My brother and I noticed that one year, when the pond con- taining them increased in size from abundant rains, the elegantula came to resemble more the forms found in neighbouring ponds ; but nevertheless, the variety seems distinct, and I have never seen anything that could be confounded with it, except perhaps the var. minima, of which I saw only one example. The var. minima, found at Milford, Yorks, by Mr. Geo. Roberts, is 20} mill. long, 9 mill. diam., whorls 6, spire slender, aperture oblong, inner lip thickened. At has, I believe, the same relation to stagvalis proper that e/egantula has to var. lacustris. The variety dottnica, Cless., is included in the list, and I believe Mr. Taylor considers elegantula identical with it. But certainly the two must have had an independent origin, and var. do/tz7ca belongs to the section in which the shell is clear horn-colour or whitish—very different from e/egantula, which is dark brown, and differs also from the usual forms in the colour of the animal. 36. L. stagnalis, var. expansa, is omitted, no doubt being included in var. Zacustris, of which it is a sub- variety. 37. £. stagnalis, var. scalariformis, is omitted, although very good specimens have been found. The - same may be said of the scalariform Aythznia tentaculata, of which Mr. Geo. Roberts sent me a specimen from Milford, Yorks. Is it not rather inconsistent to leave these out, when similar forms of other species are included ? 38. L. stagnalis, var. compressa, is omitted, though it is a distinct variety. I have seen it referred to Roberts’ palustriformis, but no doubt wrongly, as that is a slender, thin-shelled variety, 40 mill. long, Curiously, Mr. Bryant Walker has just described and figured as new a var. sanctemarie from Michigan, which appears to be practically the same as com- pressa. Of the two figures he gives, his Fig. 5 (‘* Nautilus,” 1892, pl. 1.) most resembles the English specimens. 39. L. palustris. The forms carinata, globosa, and turrita, which are omitted, are no doubt individual monstrosities. The var. axgulata, also omitted, is not a mere monstrosity, as two or three were found in the same pond, from which I infer that the peculiarity is more or less racial. 40. Acme lineata. 1 never had the material to judge of the matter, but it seems certain that we have two forms, perhaps to be known as “meata proper, and fusca, Walk. and Boys, or fofta. Captain Brown recognised two forms, describing one as Acvze minuta, from Lanarkshire. ; 41. Vertigo seems at best only a subgenus of Pua ; there may be some question whether we should not write Pupa vertigo, Mont., instead of P. angustior. There was, however, an earlier Pupa vertigo, Gmel., 1788, which is a synonym of P, pusilla, Miull., 1774. 42. Bythinia Leachit, Roberts sent me a ventricose form of this, measuring 4 mill. long and 3+ broad. It was found by Mr. Hargreaves, in the Bolton Canal, near Manchester. I will not propose a name for it, as it may possibly be var. zzflata, Hansen, 1845, of which no description — is available to me. 43. Bythinia tentaculata, var. angulata, is omitted, but it is propably a variation similar in character to Limnea palustris, var. angulata. Mr. Roberts sent me two specimens, found in the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, Saltaire. In one the angulation appeared to commence at the apex, but the other had the apex normal, the angulation beginning only on the pen- ultimate whorl. 44. Valvata piscinalis. Why is var. albina, Taylor, left out ? 45. LPisidium pustllum, var. circulare, which is omitted, is only known from one specimen, taken in Langorse Lake, Breconshire. The typical form also occurred, so it is possible that czvculave is an individual aberration, although it seemed a distinct variety. Further research is very desirable, as it is not improbable that the British lakes, if adequately searched, would produce peculiar races of Pésédieims as do those of Switzerland. 46. Pisidium nitidum, var. globosum, was, I believe, originally named in MS. by the late Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys, from specimens taken at Swinton by Mr. T. Rogers. See J. C. Melvill, ‘‘ Mollusca,” (Brit. Assoc. pamphlet), p. 3. 47. Unio tumidus. There was a very remarkable variety found in Regent’s Park, and named richensis. I bave seen specimens in the British Museum, and there is an account of it in Mr. Harting’s work on shells. Yet nobody appears to have taken it of late years. There are some very similar North American species, and possibly it may have been one of these imported, as it looked very distinct from ¢uzdus. The above comments are only a few of the many that might be made, as the subject is full of debate- able points. Probably much that now appears obscure will be cleared up in the long-promised monograph, and the readers of this journal could, no doubt, throw fresh light on most of the matters above discussed. So far from deprecating the increased interest lately shown in ‘‘ slight varieties,” I believe it to be an indication that the time is now passing away, in which systematic zoology is confined to the con- sideration of genera and species; and that the doctrine of evolution, now fully accepted by the C2 Several years ago Mr. Geo. 28 HARDWICKE'S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. younger generation, is causing us to regard with in- terest all those factors which give rise to new develop- ments, and most of all those which, acting at the present time, are capable of being directly observed. Astronomers, by making themselves familiar with the nature of things on this earth, are able by analogy to reason out the nature of the stars, bridging space, so to speak, in a way that would, not many years ago, have seemed ‘incredible. So also, by observing the origin of slight varieties and mutations in the present, we may learn something of the history of genera and species, the actual origin of which is buried deeply in the past. The much-abused names are simply a matter of NOTES ON NEW BOOKS. RITISH New Guinea, by J. P. Thomson (London: George Philip & Son), ‘7 > . . Ditto, Book Pattern, 8/6, G/emandr0/ 6: Pupa Diggers, 2/6. Insect Lens, 1/- to 8/6. Setting Boards, flat or oval, r-in., -/6; 14-in., -/8; 14-in., -/o; Glass Top Boxes. BES dozen, 1/8, 2/-, 2/6. Bin /rosehin’ 1/-: Sain, auines Hie Pati, SE Glass-bottomed Boxes, per dozen, 1/9, 1/10, 2/-, 2/6. 4t-in., 1/7; 5-in., 1/8. Complete set of 14 boards, 10/6. Bes Dill, “/3) es Metal BlowGDIDes/7 Setting Houses, 9/6 and 11/6; corked back, 14/-. CLAD EUN GEC CS10G-) DETOX: id ith 5 Zinc Larva Boxes, -/9, 1/-. Our New Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin and Breeding Cage 2/6 Ye /-, and 7/6 English Names, 1/6. Our New Catalogue of British Lepidop- » 2/0, 4/-, 5/-, 7/0. tera (every species numbered), 1/-; or on one side for Labels, Ae All Articles enumerated are kept in stock, and can be sent immediately on receipt of order. For Sale, a large Assortment of Healthy Pupz of both British and Foreign Butterflies and Moths. = CABINETS. Sfecial Show Room. The following are the prices of a few of smaller sizes: for measurements and larger sizes see Catalogue. Minerals and Dried Minerals and Dried Insect. Eggs. Plants, Fossils, &c. Insect: Eggs. Plants, Fossils, &c. dG IDWS aHen URE doo Ue Boda ys Si Drawers! ses 33/ neon Ose. wine 257 Ges ts boos fOrsags HOMO pogo. isy/5 TOMES oop: Ziyi boca. tS/O-n cone eye A LARGE STOCK OF INSECTS AND BIRDS’ EGGS. Birds, Mammals, &c., Preserved and Mounted by First-class workmen. 386, STRAND, W.C. (FIVE DooRS FROM CHARING CROSS). -PHOTO-MICROGRAPHY.—SEASON 1890 & 1891. ia LAFAYETTE ‘Is prepared to execute Photo-Micrographic Lantern Slides for Lecture Illustrations from mounted microscopi® slides, or from customers’ own negatives, either by the wet or dry process, on most reasonable terms. | CORRESPONDENCE INVITED. CADBURY’S COCOA ABSOLUTELY PURE, THEREFORE BEST. PRECAUTION.—Be careful to avoid highly-coloured FoREIGN preparations, sold as pure, which are adulterated with alkali. This may be detected by the dark colour, and the scent when a tin is first opened. WORKS BY JUSTIN McCARTHY, M.P. A History of Our Owm Times, from the Accession of Queen Victoria to the General Election of 1880. Four Vols., demy 8vo., cloth extra, 12s. each.—Also a PopULAR EpiTI0Nn, in Four Vols., crown 8vo., cloth extra, 6s. each.—And a JuBILEE Epirion, with an Appendix of Events to the end of 1886, complete in Two Vols., square 8vo., cloth extra, 7s. 6d. each. /A Short History of ®ur @wm Wimmes. One Vol., crown 8vo., cloth extra, 6s.—Also a CuEap Poputar Epirion, post 8vo., cloth extra, 2s. 6d. \A History of the Four Georges. Four Vols., demy 8vo., cloth extra. 125, each. ; : [Vols. I. and II., ow veady. LAFAYETTE, Artist-Photographer, 4, Silver Street, Halifax, Yorkshire. Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 3s. 6d. each ; post 8vo., illustrated boards, 2s. each. ie Dear Lady Disdain.—_A Fair Saxon.—Linley Rochford.—Miss Misan- a | thrope.— May Ememy’s Daughter.— The Waterdale Neighbours. hile | —Donna| Quixete._Maid of Athens.—The Comet of a Season.— | | Camiola: A Girl with a Fortume. i “The Right HWomourabie.” By Justin McCartuy, M.P., and Mrs. CAMPBELL-PRAED. HER i if Crown 8yvo., cloth extra, 6s. alee LONDON: CHATTO AND WINDUS, 214, PICCADILLY, W. i lv HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. New, Rare, and Interesting Jlicroscopic @bjects. e Slide of 100 Diatoms, with list of names a6 He is -. 21s. Od. Type Slide of Butterflies, Moths, &c., with list of names : 18s. 6d. Bt len 22 sztz on Stigma, Cnothera .. : on 36 a6 els ROds New and very fine Slide, containing about 200 various Diatoms from Lieberkuhn glands i in Human Intestine 60 nt ae 00 welthSe-Od: S. Peter, Hungary 4 50 6 6s. Od. - Water Scorpion, Nepa Sinerea .. AG 56 a6 a0 sees. Ed: Stem of Indian Poison Berry, Anamirta Cocculus . aS 00 -. lsx0ds Section of Amphioxus through Pharynx AS 36 ae (6 fee dsiOds Head of Lampre Section through gills. Very, 2 fine 56 60 . Is. 9d58 Pleurosigma angulatum, test object, dry On eemaSAOds Trans-section SE earthworm through middle 2 20 55 -. as, Odb Scales of Podura, Lepidocyrtus curvicollis, test object, dry rat seh S253 Od. Book Mite, Cheiletus eruditus .. A 50 .. ds.. 605 Sporocarp of Pilularia, Microspores, and Macrospores .. ee) ls. 6d; Grain of Wheat and Embryo, four sections om one slide. OO «. Ls 6ds Acarus of Itch, Sarcoptes Scabeii, male and female, on r slide.. eon 450d. Pediculus Capitis, male, female, egg and larva one slide .. .. 4s. Od, Meibomian Glands in section of Human Eyelid ><. Is. 9d. Phantom Shrimp, Caprella Linearis 00 5 Od ee .. Is. 6d, Any Ofithe ‘above irate? on receipt of remittance for price. Illustrated Catalogue of Microscopes and Apparatus. Classified List of 40,000 First-Class Objects. EITHER OF ABOVE SENT POST FREE ON APPLICATION TO— W. WATSON & SONS, Opticians to Her Majesty’s Government, 313, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C., AND 251, SWANSTON STREET, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA. _ [Established 1837. Awarded 20 GOLD Medals at various International Exhibitions, including 2 GOLD MEDALS, Paris Exhibition 1889, for Microscopes, &c. (List of New Preparations is now Ready The few following Slides are selected on account of their GREAT BEAUTY IN ADDITION TO THEIR SCIENTIFIC VALUE. Section of a rare Sponge, Dictyocylindrus Cen with s. d. | Section of cluster of Alcyontum digitatum, showing structure s. d. sphzro-stellate and other forms of spicules ... on -13 of animals, matrix, and spiculz... oc ooo ke Ditto of Tethya lyncurium,with sub-stellate, cylindro- stellate, (14 other preparations of Actinozoa. :) and other spiculz showing to perfection oes 5 6 Young Asterina, the ““gibbous starlet,’ new series of this (36 other species of Sponges on hand.) ayoune slide, with two Specimens; showing dotsal and fora The fine Zoophyte Coryne fruticosa, showsng full structure of aides, the tissues carmine, ‘plates and spines c pee ae 6 Anke uate puder lone cover a 24 other preparations of Echinoderms. ) elta dichomata, cluster, with polyps expanded and | The beautiful pelagic annelid Heteroneries Erstedit, snowing) medusids showing through walls of gonophores its three kinds of feet, toothed jaws, etc., etc. Lucernaria, the ‘‘lovely lamp-polype,” withits eight clusters Young Cirrhatulus borealis, showing structure of 1 its bran- of tentacles expanded, and its whole structure cleaely chial threads, internal anatomy, etc. ... ee defined see -20 (zoo other subjects in this Section: .) (20 other cpecies of Hydrozoa on hand. oy History of the Ship Barnacle, set of three slides, viz. :— Section of Anemone Azxzodes, showing all the detail of the Nauplius, Pupal Stage, and Adult, divested of valves ... & 0 diagrams in the text-books eae ‘ aes -21 6 (About : 200 subjects in Crustacea.) Parcels of these Slides (packed in oa eign no (eects in ees and replacing) will be sent on approval if desired, free of charge and of ris J. SINEL, CLEVELAND ROAD, JERSEY. WORKS BY RICHARD JEFFERIES. Post 8vo., cloth limp, 25. 6d. each. NATURE NEAR LONDON. | THE LIFE OF THE FIELDS. | THE OPEN AIR, THE EULOGY OF RICHARD JEFFERIES. By Watter Besant. Second Edition. With Photograph Portrait. Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 65. LONDON: CHATTO AND WINDUS, 214, PICCADILLY, W. J. H. STEWARD'’S HIGH-CLASS MAGIC LANTERNS DISSOLVING VIEW APPARATUS, AS SUPPLIED TO UNIVERSITY COLLEGES, &c. ween ovata aaaaa ae eee ad THE NEW ERA IN LIME-LIGHTING. Compressed Gas in Steel Cylinders, very strong and very light. Con- taining from 6ft. to 125ft. Oxygen Gas 4d. per foot, or 3¢. in quantity. BEARD’S PATENT SMALL-SIZE REGULATORS, for automatically delivering the supply of Gas from Cylinder to Lantern. Perfect for Dissolving. Price 30s. Microscopes for Table Use or for Fixing to La Lanterns for Projections. | Photographic Slides and Dissoluing Views in ee variety, on SALE OR HIRE. New Sets for this Seasoits ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CRs POST FREE. 406, 457, STRAND : 34, CORNHILL, LONDON. HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. Vv THE LIVERPOOL AND LONDON & GLOBE INSURANCE COMPANY. ESTABLISHED 1836. Head Offices: 1, DALE STREET, LIVERPOOL—7, CORNHILL, LONDON. BRANCH OFFICES: ®ranchester, Leeds, Bristol, Birmingham, Edinburgh, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Glasgow, and Dublin. Total Invested Funds, £7,826,542, Total Claims paid exceed £25,500,000. FIRE INSURANCES EFFECTED ON THE MOST FAVOURABLE TERMS. LIFE DEPARTMENT. All descriptions of Life Insurance and Annuities at moderate rates. THE LARGE REVERSIONARY BONUS of 35/0 per cent. per annum on sums assured in the new participating class has been declared at each valuation. The NEW CONDITIONS of Assurance give increased facilities for Residence, Travel, and Occu- pation. Maintaining Policies in Force.—Reviving Lapsed Policies. Prompt Payment of Claims. APPLICATIONS FOR AGENCIES INVITED. LONDON OFFICES: CORNHILL AND CHARING CROSS. BROWNING’S “PERFECT” MICROSCOPE. The body is made entirely of Brass and Gun-Metal, with Rack Motion and fine Screw Adjustment. Three Achromatic Powers of excellent defining power, 1-inch, 3-inch, and 3-inch ; Adjusting Slide-holder to Stage, Revolving Diaphragm, Hand-forceps, Stage-forceps, Live-cage, &c. The whole packed in upright Mahogany Cabinet, with Drawer for Slides, Dissecting-knives, &c. [Dtices 23" s-15": 0; LADD IO Hl New Illustrated Catalogue of Microscopes free. DO OOOO JOHN BROWNING, 63, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. THE OLD DRAMATISTS. | SPECTACLES ia | SILVER 1 Sececocooosooes adapted . MEDAL, Crown 8vo., cloth extra. Vignette Portraits. 6s. per Vol. THI o ERR ie He BEN JONSON’S WORKS. With Notes Critical ; and Explanatory, and a Biographical Memoir by WM. GirrorD. MR. A. FOU RN ET ee) Edited by Colonel CUNNINGHAM. 3 Vols. A 18, Bentinck Street, )/CHAPMAN’S WORKS. Complete in Three Vols. Welbeck Street, W Vol I. contains the Plays complete, including doubtful ones ; 4 : Vol. II., Poems and Minor Translations, with Introductory Essay by A. C. Swinpurne; Vol. III., Translations of the Consultation Fee, is. | Iliad and Odyssey. y : : SPECTACLES: Steel. Vy MARLOWE’S WORKS. Including his Transla- 7/6; Gold, Riek yy tions. Edited, with Notes and Introduction, by Colonel : Sif Y y CUNNINGHAM. 1 Vol. Hoppmora lei EU y Ist Oct., Wf y Vf | 1689 ;— H/}/ / “MASSINGER’S PLAYS. From the Text of “If you need to see better, LM) : f Wirtram Girrorp. Edited by Colonel CunniNGHAM. 1 Vol. | yetshrink from glasses,read A. Fournet’s ‘Is Bad Sight r _ on the Increase ?’” Z LONDON: CHATTO & WINDUS, 214, Piccadilly, W. (15 Stamps, from the Author.) See ‘‘ENGINEERING,” Fitly 18¢/1, 1890. = MARK. ——— CAMOMILE PILLS _ Are confidently recommended as a simple but certain Remedy for Indigestion, which is the cause of nearly all the _| diseases to which we are subject, being a medicine so uniformly grateful and beneficial, that it is with justice called f \the “Natural Strengthener of the Human Stomach.” ‘‘Norton’s Pills” act as a powerful tonic and gentle _aperient ; are mild in their operation, safe under any circumstances, and thousands of persons can now bear testimony _ to the benefits to be derived from their use, as they have been a never-failing Family Friend for upwards of 50 years. _/ Sold in Bottles at 1s. 13¢., 25. 9d., and IIs. each, in every Town in the Kingdom. os CAUTION. Be sure to ask for “ NORTON’S PILLS,” and do not be persuaded to purchase an imitation. V1 HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. CIENTIFIC DRAWINGS of all KINDS, accurately executed in Black and White or in Natural Colours. Chromo-Lithographs of same if required; also Micro- scopical Drawings. — ‘‘ Artist,’ Studio, 41, Doughty Street, IGH CLASS GORGEOUS POLARISING, brilliant opaque, and pretty Non-Scientific Objects in great Variety, for evening exhibition; 5s. dozen. Cash refunded if not approved. Write for particulars. _HENRY EBBAGE, FRAMLINGHAM, SUFFOLK, nHE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY’S GARDENS, Regent’s Park, are OPEN DAILY (except Sundays,) from g A.M. till Sunset. Admission 1s.; on Mondays, 6d.; Children always 6a. | ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETYS GARDENS, REGENT’S PARK. GARDENS OPEN DAILY from 9 a.m. to Sunset. SUNDAYS from 2 P.M. to Sunset. Admission by Orders from Fellows of the Society only. . LIVERPOOL: hLovuirts’s SERIES OF MICcROSCOPICAL OBJECES. On ms Above 70 Series of Unmounted Objects at 2s. each Series, ready for mounting. Also 12 Series of Uzsmounted Cleaned Diatoms, at 8s. each, 12 tubes in each. Also above 50 Series of Mownted Slides, beautifully mounted on 3 X 1 Slips. The Mounted Slides are in Series of 12 for 5s. Also 15 Sfectéal Series of Mounted Slides, 6 in each Series, at 4s. each. 12 TEST OBJECTS (Dry). Series 1.—5/-. 12 Slides. Scales of Pieris brassicze, Pleurosigma angulatum. > Hipparchia janira. vi balticum. af Lepisina saccharini. BR hippocampus, Navicula cuspidata. Yt attenuatum, Nitzschia Amphioxys. Amphipleura pellucida. Frustulia saxonica. Amphiprora Mediterranea. 12 TEST OBJECTS (Dry). Series 2.—5/-. 12 Slides. Scales of Pieris rapz. Pleurosigma quadratum and “ Tinea vestimenti. Surirella gemma. Pleurosigma rigidum, Striatella unipunctata. ep Spencerii. Surirella striatula. is formosum. Rhizosolenia Shrubsolii. ss strigosum and Nitzschia Nitzechia dubia, &c. sigma, Grammatophora marina, Sole Agent: Wm, WEST, 15, Horton Lane, Bradford, W. K. MANN, NATURALIST, (ESTABLISHED 1868,) WELLINGTON TERRACE, CLIFTON, BRISTOL, Has now for sale, at reduced prices, one of the largest and most authentic selections in this country of BIRDS’ EGGS, in Clutches and with Nest. BIRD SKINS. British and EXOTIC LEPIDOPTERA, and Insects generally. Splendid Stock. FOREIGN SHELLS, Natural History Books, CABINETS, and Apparatus. Selections of Shells and Insects, sent on approval. Special Offer.—Steel Egg Drill, Brass Blowpipe, and Egg Label List, post-free 1s, NEW PRICE CATALOGUE FREE. CURE 5% DEAF. ECK’S TUBULAR CUSHIONED EAR DRUMS PER- FECTLY OVERCOME DEAFNESS and HEAD NOISES, whether caused by colds, fevers, concussions, age or injuries to the natural drums. INWISIBLE, self adjusting, and comfortably worn months without resoval. All conversation, even whispers, heard distinctly. | Suece-sful where all other remedies have failed. Sold only by FREEMAN HISCOX, 351 BROAD- WAY, NEW YORK. U.S.A. Illustrated book and proofs sent FREE. Solid Gold Mounted, $6.00 or £1 5s. per pair; Silver Mounted, $5.00 or £1 8d. per pair. Safe delivery guaranteed by registered post to any part of the world upon receipt of draft on London or Paris or money order. Send age and sex of patient. Pleasant Evenings with the Microscope. eee aaa ORTNIGHTLY CONSIGNMENTS OF LIVING MARINE ORGANISMS, including Foraminifera, Micro-Sponges, Young Starfishes, Larval Annelids, Crustaceans, and Molluscs; Larval and other Ascidians; Hydroid Zoophytes ; Polyzoa, Micro-Algz, etc., etc. From five to fifty or more Forms in each Jar. 380O/- per Annum. Free by Parcels Post. J. SINEL, CLEVELAND ROAD, JERSEY. BEGAN ON JUNE Ist, 1890. “LE DIATOMISTE.,” A Special Quarterly Paper about Diatoms, and all questions con- nected with them, with 14 to 18 pages of text and 2 or 3 plates in 4to. Edited by J. TEmMpERE, with the collaboration of MM. J. Brun, P. Bergon, P. T. Cleve, E. Dutertre, E. Grove, and H. Peragallo. Subscription for the year, \2s. Single Number, As. Subscriptions to be sent to Mr. J. TEMPERE, 168, Rue St, Antoine, Paris. Microscopic Preparations Illustrating the Minute Structure of Vegetable Life. READY ror MOUNTING, witn PLAIN INSTRUCTIONS. Being enclosed in a novel transparent envelope, these objects may be examined without removal before mounting. ‘They are pre- pared with the utmost care, and are mostly stained in one or two colours of the most permanent character. 24 for 3s. 6d.; 6forls.; post-free anywhere. List, One Stamp. pevavad ~ _WALTER WHITE, LITCHAM, SWAFFHAM. | ESTABLISHED 12851. BIRKBECK BANK Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane. THREE per CENT. INTEREST allowed on DEPOSITS repayable on demand. TWO per CENT. on CURRENT ACCOUNTS, calculated on minimum monthly balances, when not drawn below £100. STOCKS, SHARES, and ANNUITIES purchased and sold. SAVINGS DEPARTMENT. For the encouragement of Thrift the Bank receives small sums on deposit, and allows Interest, at the rate of THREE per CENT. per Annum on each completed £1. Accounts are balanced and interest added on the 31st March annually. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. | foOw. TO PURCHASE A HOUSE FOR TWO GUINEAS PER MONTH, OR A PLOT OF LAND FOR FIVE SHILLINGS PER MONTH, with im- mediate possession. Apply at the Office of the BirKpEcK FREEHOLD LAnpD Society. The BIRKBECK ALMANACK, with full particulars, post free, on application. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager HERBERT WARD’S BOOKS. Oe FIVE YEARS with the CONGO CANNIBALS. With 83 Illustrations by the Author, Vicror Prerarp and W.B. Davis. Second Edition. Royal 8vo., cloth extra. 145 MY LIFE with STANLEY’S REAR-GUARD. Post 8vo. xs.; cloth, 1s. 6a. [ Shortly. Lonpon: CHATTO & WINDUS, Piccapitty. 166 M,166 B,225 M287 M, 352,616 M616 B,909 M, 983 (oblique ).Fine Points-I63,166,287,808,909. HARDWICKE'S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. Vil ZilcGROSGOPIG SELDES. CLEARANCE SALE OF 4,000 PREPARATIONS. PRICES REDUCED from FIFTY PER CENT. to SEVENTY-FIVE PER CENT. IN ORDER TO INCREASE THE UTILITY OF THE UNDERMENTIONED SETS OF SLIDES THEY ARE NOW SUPPLIED TOGETHER WITH ALBUMS OF PHOTOMICROGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS OF EACH SLIDE AND A CONCISE AND ACCURATE DESCRIPTION OF THE SAME. THE MICROGRAPHS ARE SILVER PRINTS OF THE HIGHEST DEGREE OF EXCELLENCE, AND PRESENT THE APPEARANCE OF SECTIONS SEEN IN ACCURATE FOCUS UNDER THE MICROSCOPE. THE DESCRIPTIONS ARE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE BEST AUTHORITIES. THE VALUE OF THIS TO TEACHERS AND STUDENTS IS INCALCULABLE; AND IT IS HOPED THAT THE LOW PRICES QUOTED WILL BRING THE SETS WITHIN THE REACH OF ALL. PRICES FOR SLIDES, PHOTOGRAPHS, AND DESCRIPTIONS, SETS 4, B, C, D, DL, G, 30/- EACH. SET K (ILLUSTRATING BOWER AND VINE’S BOTANY), 40/-- PRICES FOR SLIDES ALONE, SEE BELOW. RECENT TESTIMONIALS. eC “I scarcely know how to express myself about your slides ; I have certainly never seen such a coilection, and it is with no ordinary feelings of gratifica- tion and price that I look upon them and feel that they are mine.’—H. AH. Chase, £sq., M.D., Geneva, N.¥., U.S.A. _ “I have now had an opportunity of examining the beautiful slides you sent me, and must express my complete satisfaction with the two sets. The Section-cutting, staining, and injecting, are all that could be desired; and the slides form a series which anyone might well be proud of possessing.”— H. £. Turner, Esg., B.A., B.Sc., University College, Hastings. ‘*Many of the slides I have shown you have been prepared by Mr. A. J. Doherty ; the se here to-night in order that our younger members may see to what degree of perfection it is po Author of “ Practical Microscopy,” F.R.M.S., F.1.C., F.C.S., President of the Manchester Mic. Soc., to Members, Faniary, 1884. “ This is the first moment that I could take to acknowledge directly to you the receipt of your preparations, and express my pleasure in studying them. I may say that I have never seen anything better combining the characters you claim for them. There is not a specimen in the list which will not be helpful to ne ‘in elucidating points which come up in my annual courses of instruction.” —Prof, L. HW”. Chastey, Carleton College, Minn., N.S.A. “*The slides have arrived in good order, and I am much pleased with them. They are, without doubt, the finest I have ever seen, and I have slides from nearly every professional mounter in England.” —H. $. Parry, Esq., Windsor Terrace, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Set A, 24 Slides, Stained and Injected Preparations from Man and Price. | Set G, tion-cutting and staining is unrivalled, and I have brought them ible to attain.”"—See Report of the Address of Geo. Davis, Esq. i 24 Slides, Miscellaneous, including six Sections of Echinii Price Lower Animals . . . . . . . : 15/- Spines, Double-Stained Plant Sections, choice Carmine Set B, 24 Slides, do. do. do. 15/- | Injections, Polycistina, Foraminifera, Insects. This is an Set C, 24 Slides, _ do. do. fromthe Frogs, Rana } exceptionally choiceset.) + =. + + « «+ > 17/6 LEYPOTATIA ° < . 0 0 : : : + 15/- | Set H, 13 Slides, Tr. Secs. of Spines of foreign Echinii. A choice and Set D, 24 Single and Double-Stained Preparations, illustrating the < | beautiful Series . 5 . 0 . } 2 - 12/6 Growth and Physiology of Plants O 4 5 0 ° I5/- | ; 6 : are * ‘ rs . , 12 Slides, Tr. s. of v, So f the Med 1 Leecl S/- Set E, 24Single and Double-Stained Preparations, illustrating the | pet raids el ccs obvarious|SomitcsiofitheyMedicinal) Leech ui Growth and Physiology of Plants : . 5 . 15/- | Set K, 30 Slides, carefully prepared Plant Secs., Set F, 24 Slides of beautiful Foraminifera, arranged in pattern . ~. 15/- | Bower and Vines’ ‘‘ Practical Botany.” Nearly all the above-named slides make charming Photo-Micrographs; and their exquisite beauty eminently adapts them for exhibition at Soirées and Parties, by means either of the Microscope or Lantern-Microscope. &c., illustrating DEMONSTRATIONS IN PRACTICAL MICROSCOPY. ~ A : 2 I shall be pleased to give, by previous arrangement, demonstrations before microscopical and other societies in the following branches of practical microscopic work :— (rt) Animal and Plant Section-Cutting by means of freezing and hand-microtomes. (2) Paraffin-Imbedding and Ribbon Section Cutting, as practised in the principal English and German Universities. (3) Anatomical Injecting. (4) Single, Double, and Triple Staining of Animal and Plant Tissues. {5) The Preparation and Use of the principal mounting media ; Mounting without Pressure ; Cell Building ; Ringing and Finishing of Slides. (6) Photo-Micrography. Entertaining and instructive Exhibitions of wonderful and beautiful objects from the Animal, Vegetable and Mineral Kingdoms given, by means of the Oxyhydrogen Lantern-Microscope at parties and soirées. ARTHUR J. DOHERTY, 68, Burlington Street, Manchester. BOOKS W. MATTIEU WILLIAMS. ‘The Fuel of the Sun. Second | Science in Short Chapters. Edition. 8vo. Cloth, ros. Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 75. 6d. ‘The Philosophy of Clothing. A Simple Treatise on Heat. Just Published. Post Svo. Cloth, 4s. With Illustrations. Cr. 8vo., cl. limp, 2s. 6d. | The Chemistry of Cookery. ‘Shorthand for Everybody ° Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 6s. y With Course of Lessons and Key. 1s. The Chemistry of Iron and Lonpon: STEEL MAKING, and of their Practical iss LAURIE, 28, Paternoster Row. Uses. Crown 8vo., cloth extra, OS. EDINBURGH & GLASGOW: LONDON : JOHN MENZIES & CO. CHATTO & WINDUS, 214, Piccadilly, WwW. The NATURALISTS’ PUBLISHING COMPANY'S PUBLICATIONS. (The Naturalists’ Gazette is universally acknowledged to be the lest, the davgest, and the cheapest paper of the kind published. Vol III. commences i ist JANUARY, 1891 ; 36 columns, 1d. monthly (post-free, 14d.) * Annual Subscription, 15. 6¢. De ‘The turalists’ Annual and Directory for 1891. Now Ready. Beautifully Illustrated, Price 1s. (postage 1.) An Hllustrated Hantbook of British Dragonflies. Price 2s. 6d. (postage 14d.) The Naturalists’ Calendar and Weather Guide. Price 6d. (postage 3d.) . : Abate mil a fhe Practical Naturalists’ Series of Handbooks, comprising collecting and preserving Birds, Birds’ Eggs, Dragonflies, Land and Fresh- water Shells, Flowerirg Plants and Ferns, and Freshwater Algz, price 2d. each (postage 3a.) : ie : spate. Label Lists. British Birds’ Eggs (printed in graduated type on gummed paper), 14¢.; Bi h Macro-Lepidoptera, 24d.; British Butterflies (English and Latin names), 13¢.; British Dragonflies, 24¢.; British Marine Shells (Bivalves 23¢., Univalves 23¢.); British Land and Treshwater Shells; 13@.3 British Stalk-eyed Crustaceans, 2}d. ; British Starfish, Sea Urchins, and Sea Cucumbers, 23d. (postage #d. Exchange Lists. British Macro-Lepidoptera, rd. (postage 3d.), or 9d. per dozen, post-free. Botanical Labels, size 3 by 1} inches, 6d. per 100, or 2s. 6d. per 1000, post-free. (For Samples send Stamp.) x ‘Data Blanks for labelling Clutches of Birds’ Eggs, Shells, Minerals, Fossils, &c., 4d. per 100, or 1s. 8d. per 1000, post-free. (For Samples send Stamp.) Birmingham :—The Naturalists’ Publishing Company. London Agent: E. W. ALLEN, 4, Ave Maria Lane, E.C. GAH DENIIN G Boo Ss. Post 8vo., 1s. each; cloth limp, rs. 6d. each. A Wear’s Work im Gardem and Greenhouse: Practical Advice to Amateur Gardeners | _—_asto the Management of the Flower, Fruit, and Frame Garden. By GrorGEe GLENNY. Our Kitehem Gardem: The Plants we Grow, and How we Cook Them. By Tom JERROLD. Household HWorticulture: A Gossip about Flowers. By Tom and JANE JERROLD. Illustrated. ‘Whe Garden that Paid the Bent. By Tom Jerrovp. "ly tGardem Wild, and What IE Grew There. By F. G. Hears. | cloth extra, gilt edges, 6s. LONDON: CHATTO AND WINDUS, 214, PICCADILLY, W. "| Crown 8vo., Vill EE: DWICKE’S SCLENCE-GOSSTP. RESHAM LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, ST. MILDREDS HOUSE, POULTRY: LONDON, E.C. ASSETS EXCEEE £ 4,300,000. ANNUAL INCOME EXCEEDS £773,000. Payments to Policy Holders exceed £9,000,000. NEW & SPECIAL FEATURE—MONTHLY PREMIUMS. | SEE PROSPECTUS. | This Soriely offers unusual advantages to intending Assurers. [fs Tables. are popular and easily understood. Its Policies are amongst the most liberal offered to the Public, and are free from all unnecessasy Restrictions. The Society is strong, is well and favourably known, deals liberally with its assured, is doing a large business, and fully merits the confidence it enjoys. An examination of its publications, tables, aid business methods is earnestly invited Liberal terms will be given to energetic successful Agents. THOS. G. ACKLAND, F.I.A., F.S.S., 4c‘uary and Manage JAMES H. SCOTT, F.S.S., Secreta NDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS Nos. 1 to 228 (with . few exceptions) may be had, 8d. each.—Nos, 229 to date, 4d. each: excepting the Nos. for Feb. and Mar. 1884, and Feb. 1885 (out 0: print). No. 314. —Feb., 1891. fONTHLY FOURPENCE. By Post, waa v eS. a | cart pas ee A : i a Hardwicke’ & Science- Gossip: Monthly Medium of Bnterchange and Gossip FOR STUDENTS AND BOVviewne OF NATURE. EDITED BY J. E. TAYLOR, F.L.S., &c. Contents. Two Sides of the Medal.—//ust. Ducking: a Lincolnshire Sketch. —Continued. Flies in Amber. Science-Gossip. Microscopy. The Romaunt of Bedegar. An Zoology. Autobiography.—Continued. COCOA. Notes on New Books. A Few Notes concerning Cochi- neal (Coccus Cacti.)—J///ustrated, Botany. An Intrcduction to the Study of | Notes and Queries. British Diptera.—//ustrated. Notices to Correspondents. EPPS’S ( comrortine ) PICCADILLY, LONDON, wW. [Ad Rights Reserved.] x HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. MICROSCOPIC PREPARATIONS. FIRST - CLASS SPECIMENS, NEW AND RARE OBJECTS IN EVERY DEPARTMENT OF MICROSCOPY. LORD 8. G. OSBORNE’S DIATOMESCOPE, Post-free, 12s. The Phantom Shrimp, Caprella linearis, for Polariscope or Paraboloid. 1s. 6d.,post free. See “ Science Gossip,” Dee. 1890. Page 280: ate ua eee” ERNEST HINTON, socetckenisciitae nines . 1 ‘ono Australia ls. 2d., post-free. phores, for Paraboloid. 1s. 6d., Dost free! 12, VORLEY ROAD, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. (TWENTY YEARS WITH THE LATE E. WHEELER.) GEOLOGICAL CoLLECTrioOns. Comprising FOSSILS, MINERALS, and ROCKS, labelled with Name, Locality, and Geological Position, in Mahogany Cabinets. 100 Specimens, 25s. 200 Specimens, 50s. The best value obtainable. Micro-Sections of Rocks in great variety. Cabinets, Glass-Topped Boxes, and other Geological requisites. THOMAS D. RUSSELL, 78, NEWGATE STREET, E.C. SECOND-HAND MICROSCOPES AND OBJECTIVES. Binocular ‘‘ Popular” Microscope by R. and J. BECK, with 4-in. and r-inch Object Glasses, Stand Condenser, and double Nose-piece, in Mahogany Case; cost £15; price £8 tos. CRoucH’s ‘‘ Student’s ” Binocular Microscope with best 1th Objective and a I-in. ditto by Ross, in Mahogany Case; price £9. A bargain. Ross’ Five Guinea caeene Microscope with 3 Lenses, Pace 4&3 3s. BECK’s small Dissecting Microscope, as per Catalogue 32A., price £2 SANDS, HUNTER & Co., 20, CRANBOURN ST., LONDON, W.C. eh ae Ta a on ee as A RE a ee Ta : ustorry FRED. ENOCOK, F.E.S er eee ancaram . » Mews, NEW PREPARATION. BEGS TO INFORM HIS NUMEROUS PATRONS THAT HE IS NOW HESSIAN FLY. OPEN TO ENGAGEMENTS FOR A most interesting and PO E U LA R ie ECT U R ES ae dot Daa instructive Tecicreven this O N N Azh U R A L Iq | S TO R Ne CERAsTALIS TENAX.) Pest. PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED BY PHOTOGRAPHS OF INSECTS AND Showing Facets, Rods, &c. With between 60 and 70 ORIGINAL DRAWING, IN THE OXY-HYDROGEN LANTERN. 1s. 7d., post ee Crgine | Meeaations. 11, PAROLLES ROAD, MIRANDA ROAD, LONDON, N. HOW & CO.’S LANTERN SLIDES FOR LECTURES, &c. GEOLOGICAL SERIES. NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION OF CATALOGUE NOW READY, POST-FREE ON APPLICATION. HOW’S MICROSCOPE LAMP. HOW’S POCKET MICROSCOPE LAMP. MICRO- PETROLOGY, TYPICAL ROCK SECTIONS, ls. 6d. each. | JAMES HOW & CO., 73, FARRINGDON STREET, LONDON. LECTURES ON PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, BOTANY, AND ZOOLOGY. | The Editor of SCIENCE-GOSSIP has Six Nights still open next Session to be engaged for | EXTEMPORANEOUS LECTURES . (well Illustrated with Diagrams) to Natural History, Literary, and Scientific Societies, &c. For Terms, &c., apply to Editor of Scéence-Gossif, care of Messrs. CHATTO & WINDUS, 214, Piccadilly, London, W. | REPAIR DEPARTMENT. SPECTACLES can be: sent by post and receive immediate attention. MICROSCOPES, TELESCOPES, OPERA and FIELD | GLASSES, ANEROID and other BAROMETERS. Scientific Instruments of every description put in WORKING order or | MADE AS NEW, Estimates sent. Apparatus Fitted. CHARLES COLLINS, OPTICIAN, 157, GREAT PORTLAND STREET, LONDON, W. If | | (CoRNER OF WEYMOUTH STREET.) | MICROSCOPY.—MICRO-NATURAL HISTORY (ZOOLOGICAL AND BOTANICAL) AND THE ALLIED SCIENCES. | Fust a ee and will be sent PostFree for Two Stamps, W. P.CoLuins’s New Catalogue of Books (mostly Secondha 4 : / Scientific Libraries Purchased and Books taken in Exchange. W. P. COLLINS, Science Bookseller, 157, Great Portland Street, London, W. | | i} HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. x1 WATKINS AND DONCASTER, Naturalists and Manufacturers of Entomological Apparatus and Cabinets. N.B.—For Excellence and Superiority of Cabinets and Apparatus, references are permitted to distinguished Patrons and Colleges, &c. Plain Ring Nets, Wire or Cane, including stick, 1/8, 2/-, 2/3. pademis fal pempanion, Pepaeee een: ease, containing 5S) a Folding Nets, 3/9 and 4/6. Scalpels, 1/3; Label Lists of Birds’ Eggs, -/3. Umbrella Nets, 7/6 (self-acting). Scissors, per pair, 2/-. 2 pocket oe uo Say Poona t/-, and 1/6. Coleopterist’s Collecting Bottle, with-tube, 1/6, 1/8. RIetedi Chin Boxes 4 doves "78 ? aoe gross Botanical Cases, japanned, double tin, 1/6, 3/6, 4/6, 5/6. 9 2 a. S i i eeeamological Pins, mixed, 1/- per oz. (white or black). FeeenCaee teen / Se dee See Siesvine qed ae . ke /. Cement for replacing Antenne, -/6 per bottle. Mite eee) (1 habe » 1/05 < eo ya 3 Forceps for removing Insects, 1/6, 2/- per pair. ea Bo, Bia cae BE ERCIGE MISE) 9 Xsan, Cabinet Cork, 7 X 34, best quality, 1/4 per dozen sheets. ‘ D; oxes, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, an : Pupa Diggers, 2/6. Insect Lens, 1/- to 8/6. Mw itto, Book Pattern, 8/6, 9/6, and 10/6. | 6 Glass Top Boxes. per dozen, 1/8, 2/-, 2/6. Setting Boards, flat or oval, z-in., -/6; 14-in., -/8; 14-in., -/9; Glass-bottomed Boxes, per dozen, 1/9, 1/10, 2/-, 2/6. 2-in., -/10; 24-in., 1/-; 3-in., 1/2; 34-in., 1/4; 4-in., 1/6; Egg Drills, -/3, 1/-; Metal Blow-pipe Tes ? 44-in., 1/7; 5-in., 1/8. Complete set of 14 boards, 10/6. pen 2 eee f : Setting Needles, 6d. per box. panne: Houses, 9/6 ae nn/6,\corked back, x4/-- Our New Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin and /-. English N iti i 4 glish Names, 1/6. Our New Catalogue of British Lepidop- Breeding Cage, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, and 7/6. tera (every species numbered), 1/-; or on one side for Labels, 4 All Articles enumerated are kept in stock, and can be sent immediately on receipt of order. For Sale, a large Assortment of Healthy Pupz of both British and Foreign Butterflies and Moths. = CABINETS. Special Show Room. The following are the prices of a few of smaller sizes; for measurements and larger sizes see Catalogue. Minerals and Dried Minerals and Dried Insect. Eggs. Plants, Fossils, &c. Insect. Eggs. Plants, Fossils, &c. AsDrawers ene 13/6), s.4 12/-, +... , 10/6 8 Drawers .... 33/- e+:+ 30/*.s.- 25/= ON. S900 LOY coos MHS ooo, LG/F TOe 7, 5500 CVE sooo Loe soon wtp A LARGE STOCK OF INSECTS AND BIRDS’ EGGS. Birds, Mammals, &c., Preserved and Mounted by First-class workmen. 386, STRAND, W.C. (FiVE DOORS FROM CHARING CROSS), CADBURY'S COCOA ABSOLUTELY PURE, THEREFORE BEST. PRECAUTION.—Be careful to avoid highly-coloured FoREIGN preparations, sold as pure, which are adulterated with alkali. This may be detected by the dark colour, and the scent when a tin is first opened. WORKS BY JUSTIN McCARTHY, M.P. A History of Our Own Times, from the Accession of Queen Victoria to the General Election of 1880. Four Vols., demy 8vo., cloth extra, 12s. each.—Also a Poputar EpITI10n, in Four Vols., crown 8vo., cloth extra, 6s. each.—And a JusILEE Epirion, with an Appendix of Events to the end of 1886, complete in Two Vols., square 8vo., cloth extra, 7s. 6d. each. r ; A Short History of Our Own Times. One Vol., crown 8vo., cloth extra, 6s.—Also a Cueap Porutar EDITION, post 8vo., cloth extra, 2s. 6d. A History of the Four Georges. Four Vols., demy 8vo., cloth extra. 125, each. (Vols. I. and Il. zow ready. Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 3s. 6d. each ; post 8vo., illustrated boards, 2s. each. Dear Lady Disdain. The Waterdale Neighbours. A KEair Saxon. Donna. Quixote. Linley Bochford. _ Maid of Athens. Miss Misanthrope. The Comet of a Season. ‘My. Ememy’s Daughter: Camiola. | <7he Right Honourable.” By Justin McCartuy, M.P., and Mrs. CAMPBELL-PRAED. Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 6s. LONDON : CHATTO AND WINDUS, 214, PICCADILLY, W. xii HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. New, Rare, and Interesting Jicroscopic oy Type Slide of 100 Diatoms, with list of names at Als ee ., 21s. Od. Type Slide of Butterflies, Moths, &c., with list of names 18s. 6d. Pollen zx sztze on Stigma, CEnothera .. b oe oe 30 cee sn Ode New and very fine Slide, containing about 200 various Diatoms from Lieberkuhn glands in Human Intestine Al oe ve Seog ee LS Od. S. Peter, Hungary. a6 6 -- 6s. Od. Water Scorpion, Nepa Sinerea .. So ve are ce «. Is, 6d, Stem of Indian Poison Berry, Anamirta Cocculus . a +. -» Is. Od Section of Amphioxus through Pharynx ao sie se ae sat s..9d. Head of Lamprey. Section through gills. Very fine .. 50 .- Is. Od Pleurosigma angulatum, test object, dry oe +. Qs. Od. Trans-section of Earthworm through middle ° 50 60 +. ds. 9d. Scales of Podura, Lepidocyrtus curvicollis, test object, dry OS -. 2s. Od. Book Mite, Cheiletus eruditus .. J ae -. Is. 6d. Sporocarp of Pilularia, Microspores, and Macrospores .. +: Ls. 6d. Grain of Wheat and Embryo, four sections on one slide 53 -. Js. 6d; Acarus of Itch, Sarcoptes Scabeii, male and female, on 1 slides. -. 4s. Od. Pediculus Capitis, male, female, egg and larva on oneslide .. -. 4s. Od. Meibomian Glands in section of Human Eyelid .. 1s. 9d. Phantom Shrimp, Caprella Linearis .. : a5 34 So ze 1S6ds Any of the CHEE Vomuanied on receipt of remittance for price. Illustrated Catalogue of Microscopes and Apparatus. Classified List of 40,000 First-Class Objects. EITHER OF ABOVE SENT POST FREE ON APPLICATION TO— W. WATSON & SONS, Opticians to Her Majesty’s Government, 313, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C., AND 251, SWANSTON STREET, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA. _ [Established 1837. Awarded 20 GOLD Medals at various International Exhibitions, including 2 GOLD MEDALS, Paris Exhibition 1889, for Microscopes, &c. ENTIRELY NEW SERIES OF ZOOLOGICAL MICRO-PREPARATIONS. Sey s. d. Section of Sponge, ‘‘ Sycon,” showing flagellated cells 2 O | Anceus-maxillaris, male 16 Obelia geniculata, showing medusids in sonophores enol 16 S iH female re Pranise eerulay with) inatural The Little Plumed Worm, Othonia 16 colours preserved ... 0 i 3 Caligus rapax, tissues differentiated by osmic.. 1 6 Larval Ascidians, “Fragarium, ” showing the rudimentary Chalimus. sp- -21 6 eyes—auditory organs and urochord. Two on slide i 6 Asterope Maria, showing median and compound lateral eyes, Adult of the same, showing eggs, and embryos in atrial cavity 1 6 with all the detail of the figure in claus. Twoonslide ... 1 6 Section of Colony of compound Ascidians, ‘ Dédezenuie,” Nebalia Geoffroyi : ‘‘ Probably an offshoot of the Phyllopod- showing the cellulose cells in matrix, spiculz, etc. ..- Arce hs: like ancestors of the Malacostraca, which has sopersisted to Cluster of Eggs of Fish, ‘‘Godzus,’’ showing embryos t (a date, 4d. Nos. for Feb. —Nos. 2 ept & Mar. ised, Feb. 1885, Jan. 1888, Jan. 1890(out of print). No. oe a aoe 1891. ly Gas & Tardwicke’s L WS ™ Science- Gossip: F Monthly Medium of Interchange and Gossip FOR STUDENTS AND LOVERS OF NATURE. EDITED BY J. E. TAyLor, F.L.S., &c. Contents. Jottings concerning certain Fruit-Trees. The Apricot. Ducking: a Lincolnshire Sketch. - —Continued. A New British Moss.—/llustrated, An Introduction to the Study of British Diptera.—Coxtinued. , My Pet Marmoset. A Visit to the Brighton Aqua- rium. Rossendale Rhizopods. No. 1. The Carboniferous Limestone of Scotland.—Jllustrated. Famine in the Land. A Leaf from the Book of Fate. Science-Gossip. Microscopy. Zoology. Botany. Geology, &c. Notes and Queries. Notices to Correspondents. CHATTO AND WINDUS, EPPS’S (Ccomorrme ) COCOA. PICCADILLY, LONDON, W. & <= i Oy % “ISHER’S GLADSTONE BAG “s'33%"" ie S. FISHER 1838, STRAND. xviii HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIF. | MICROSCOPIC PREPARATIONS. FIRST-CLASS SPECIMENS, New anp RARE OBJECTS IN EVERY DEPARTMENT OF MICROSCOPY. LORD Ss. G. OSBORNE’S DIATOMESCOPE, Post-free, 12s. The Phantom Shrimp, Caprella linearis, for Polariscope or Paraboloid. ls. 6d., post free. See “Science Gossip,” Dee. 1890. Page 280.. Oidium albicans (Thrush) from the Hydroid Zoophyte, showing Tentacles Human Tongue. 1s. 6d., post-free. E R N E ST H I N TON 5 extended sud needle sro ru geea ee oa 12, VORLEY ROAD, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. (TWENTY YEARS WITH THE LATE E. WHEELER.) GEOLOGICAL cCoLtLEacrriomns. Comprising FOSSILS, MINERALS, and ROCKS, labelled with Name, Locality, and Geological Position, in Mahogany Cabinets, 100 Specimens, 25s. 200 Specimens, 50s. The best value obtainable. Micro-Sections of Rocks in great variety. Cabinets, Glass-Topped Boxes, and other Geological requisites. THOMAS D. RUSSELL, 78, NEWGATE STREET, E.C. SECOND-HAND MICROSCOPES AND OBJECTIVES. Binocular ‘‘ Popular” Microscope by R. and J. BECK, with 3-in. and I-inch Object Glasses, Stand Condenser, and double Nose-piece, in Mahogany Case ; cost £15 ; price £8 Ios. CROUCH’s ‘‘ Student’s ” Binocular Microscope with best 3th Objective and a 1-in. ditto by Ross, in Mahogany Case; price £9. A bargain. Ross’ Five Guinea ee Microscope with 3 Lenses, price &3 3s. BECK’s small Dissecting Microscope, as per Catalogue 32A., price £2 SANDS, HUNTER & Co., 20, CRANBOURN ST., LONDON, W.C. cE EST ORY FRED. ENOCK, F.E.S., NEW PREPARATION. Cee BEGS TO INFORM HIS NUMEROUS PATRONS THAT HE IS NOW HESSIAN FLY. OPEN TO ENGAGEMENTS FOR Secti A most interesting and PO P U LA R L ECTU R ES coawelat Een ee instructive Lecture on this O N N AT U R A L H | STO R Y; (ErasTatis TENAX.) Pest. PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED BY PHOTOGRAPHS OF INSECTS AND Showing Facets, Rods, &c. With between 60 and 70 ORIGINAL DRAWING, IN THE OXY-HYDROGEN LANTERN. 1s. 7d., post-free . 74., -free. Original Illustrations. 11, PAROLLES ROAD, MIRANDA ROAD, LONDON, N. HOW & CO’S LANTERN SLIDES FOR LECTURES, &c. GEOLOGICAL SERIES. NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION OF CATALOGUE NOW READY, POST-FREE ON APPLICATION. HOW’S MICROSCOPE LAMP. HOW’S POCKET MICROSCOPE LAMP. MICRO- PETROLOGY, TYPICAL ROCK SECTIONS, ls. 6d. each. JAMEES HOW & CO., 73, FARRINGDON STREET, LONDON. The Editor of SCIENCE-GOSSIP has Six Nights still open next Session to be engaged for EXTEMPORANEOUS LECTURES (well [Illustrated with Diagrams) to “ Natural History, Literary, and Scientific Societies, &c. For Terms, &c., apply to Editor of Science-Gossip, care of Messrs. CHATTO & WINDUS, 214, Piccadilly, London, W. _ SECOND-HAND MICROSCOPES anp APPARATUS, Powell and Lealand, Ross, Beck, Pillischer, Seibert, Chevallier, Collins, Crouch. List per Post. | Special attention to Repairs of Scientific Instruments. li CHARLES COLLINS, OPTICIAN, 157, GREAT PORTLAND STREET, LONDON, W. | 4 MICROSCOPY.—MICRO-NATURAL HISTORY (ZOOLOGICAL AND BOTANICAL) AND THE ALLIED SCIENCES. Sust Published, and will be sent PostFree for Two Stamps, W.P.Coiuins’s Mew Catalogue of Books (mostly Strona a Scientific Libraries Purchased and Books taken in Exchange. W. P. COLLINS, Science Bookseller, 157, Great Portland Street, London, W. “The Right Honourable.” HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. xix WATKINS AND DONCASTER, Naturalists and Manufacturers of Entomological Apparatus and Cabinets. N.B.—For Excellence and Superiority of Cabinets and Apparatus, references are permitted to distinguished Patrons and Colleges, &c. Plain Ring Nets, Wire or Cane, including stick, 1/8, 2/-, 2/3. Folding Nets, 3/9 and 4/6. Umbrella Nets, 7/6 (self-acting). Pocket Boxes, Die corked both sides, -/9, 1/-, and 1/6. Zinc Relaxing Boxes, -/9, 1/-, 1/6, and 2/-. Nested Chip Boxes, 4 dozen, -/8. 1/10 per gross. Entomological Pins, mixed, 1/- per oz. (white or black). Sugaring Lanterns, 2/6 to 10/6. Sugaring Tin, with brush, 1/6, 2/-. Mite Destroyer (not dangerous to use), 1/- per oz. Store Boxes, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, and 6/-. Ditto, Book Pattern, 8/6, 9/6, and 10/6. Setting Boards, flat or oval, r-in., -/6; 14-in., -/8; r%-in., -/9; 2-in., -/10; 2t-in., 1/-; 3-in., 1/2; 34-in., 1/4; 4-in., 1/6; 4t-in., 1/7; 5-in., 1/8. Complete set of 14 boards, 10/6, Setting Houses, 9/6 and 11/6; corked back, 14/-. Zinc Larva Boxes, -/9, 1/-- Breeding Cage, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, and 7/6. Taxidermist’s Companion, z.e. a pocket leather ease, containing most useful instruments for skinning, 10/6. Scalpels, 1/3 ; Label Lists of Birds’ Eggs, -/3. Scissors, per pair, 2/-. Coleopterist’s Collecting Bottle, with tube, 1/6, 1/8. Botanical Cases, japanned, double tin, 1/6, 3/6, 4/6, 5/6. Botanical Paper, 1/t, 1/4, 1/9, and 2/2 per quire. Insect Cases, imitation mahogany, 3/6 to 11/-. Cement for replacing Antenne, -/6 per bottle. Forceps for removing Insects, 1/6, 2/- per pair. Cabinet Cork, 7 X 34, best quality, 1/4 per dozen sheets. Pupa Diggers, 2/6. Insect Lens, r/- to 8/6. Glass Top Boxes. per dozen, 1/8, 2/-, 2/6. Glass-bottomed Boxes, per dozen, 1/9, 1/10, 2/-, 2/6. Egg Drills, -/3, 1/-; Metal Blow-pipe, -/7. Setting Needles, 6d. per box. Our New Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin and English Names, 1/6. Our New Catalogue of British Lepido tera (every species numbered), 1/-; or on one side for Labels, aps All Articles enumerated are kept in stock, and can be sent tmmediately on receipt of order. For Sale, a large Assortment of Healthy Pup of both British and Foreign Butterflies and Moths. Minerals and Dried Insect. Eggs. Plants, Fossils, &c. AVWrawersiec-/s) 13/0) 00+ 12/- se 10/0 6 ap 5000 SD coc WAS 5000 Ub f CABINETS. The following are the prices of a few of smaller sizes: for measurements and larger sizes see Catalogue. Special Show Room. Minerals and Dried Eggs. Plants, Fossils, &c. SeDrawersy wens 3S/omae ele GO/=1) ive (25/- Beas /oCseenr SO) etuenen 145 Insect. Io ” A LARGE STOCK OF INSECTS AND BIRDS’ EGGS. Birds, Mammals, &c., Preserved and Mounted by First-class workmen. 36, STRAND, W.C. (FIVE DOORS FROM CHARING CROSS). adulterated with alkali. to the General Election of 1880. Two Vols., square 8vo., cloth extra, 7s. 6d. each. Cueap Popurar Epirtion, post 8yvo., cloth extra, 2s. 6d. A Wistory of the Four Georges. A Short Hiistory of Our Own Times. Four Vols., demy $vo., cloth extra. CADBURY'S COCOA ABSOLUTELY PURE, THEREFORE BEST. PRECAUTION.—Be careful to avoid highly-coloured FoREIGN preparations, sold as pure, which are This may be detected by the dark colour, and the scent when a tin is first opened. WORKS BY JUSTIN McCARTRHY, M.P. A Wistory of Our Own Times, from the Accession of Queen Victoria Four Vols., demy 8vo., cloth extra, 12s. each.—Also a PopuLAR EDITION, in Four Vols., crown 8vo., cloth extra, 6s. each.—And a JuBiLEE EpiTIon, with an Appendix of Events to the end of 1886, complete in One Vol., crown 8vo., cloth extra, 6s——Also a 125, each. [Vols. I. and II. zow ready. Dear Lady Disdain. A Fair Saxon. Linley Rochford. Miss Misanthrope. My Ememy’s Daughter. Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 6s. By Justin McCartuy, M.P., Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 3s. 6d. each ; post 8vo., illustrated boards, 2s. each. The Waterdale Neighbours. Donna Quixote. Maid of Athens. The Comet of a Season. Camiola.: and Mrs. CAMPBELL-PRAED. LONDON : CHATTO AND WINDUS, 214, PICCADILLY, W. HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. XX NIOn a OL BOAO oO” -501L- 10) 0 (OzOKOjNO A) a eB oS ap < ° i gm mn a 0 a 0 + QHaAHH 8 op) ~ Es 2 3% ze S a 8 > RAE neh Benn en Gi, doo. oe 20 = Mesne asses Gl cs z Ss ORs) Cimes B teers S =! x ce % Hy = Eade a 9 YP 6 9 x o§ ore 2 Ors O58 BO of YS = geet o ba, 22 82 2882 | as SM SetSi =8.u8 Bs DOES) a4 anne . a>} . 5 oO. » rae") ns 4 1 - a Se eae Ose Bs Roa las a. W s maa es se oMss a 7 3 Ri isas Sarai S io) a5 S S OS £5 BS s Se £o° Le @ Ss Zee ~ jaa $8 2 Tmo eey uctial fy tah on seem) eT ree & a> = ,ALRSE OS OH faa PT Nagas ei cbeue =a anna stirhe rest re dln Ba 6B Ss ons Reet BBS Bod @ OSs | SOL ics Galante) oat) Aig == Ona e Sa Eels eal $2 € € 8 BE getas ce we 2D page (De = OS rE s5 eras = $5 Be S08 8 ina SE gaia ee ene nee S*cs329 88 > S257 2 eSB SeS7SToS GE Ss Ses) Ole 5 & #222 eek Vel YE B 990M Ga aa et ae) : Ose Cn a n OS Eee aaa Be oe sponstoeelger a ena x nas & © 2 28 aa a Seta 2 SP dies UeesStacseiee | $3 G) oa” 2 2 se 8 an 0S oe 4 COU OS ES Gn oc ee x = é oe) Bas Se ES NS Cade TEVeES Reco! Sea e O35 RB e227 eM ne Ai eae SOB SBS a sr gem eS aS e es xi S8 ss 52:22 Sez esis ae O22 3 3 4 ontorne? rh “nian S o'| 7 2% Ss Seg SOT Sieur St Sy 2 8 8S Beas es es a ese geese || as et S225 (SE ee S sac? Sa 6 SB Seunep 2 soos Pas eC.s nee 3 Os DR YSB Bee as a Be ES FE Seed 8S e882 oO 8 BSA os geiS SHSee gates Hs OO Or ys , OF Vu CHy O'R SF a er a) ——i~ y 39 Lx] =p nd Sea ote Ores sence EOS ogH eo || ee Sie SE Ow oti 2" am <= = S25 gab oF Sp snd ORSSEIGE OFZ A e QsiSso; 6) = foo} = GSP SRS EBS ES CSRS RSCG G LES || B S as = Be 8 “ID & gN#Oton ds oA.S Sik) MOVSFSYS SW || B S¢ Pa On = CH GD fea} feel MBley Airs (yer nnn iS) aS Ss Z i o EW SERIES OF | RO-PREPARATIONS. m Zz al 0) I m is < Z ZOOLOGICAL MI Oo ‘Sipnds Side Section of Sponge, ‘‘ Sycon,” showing flagellated cells 20 Anceus-maxillaris, male 1 6 Obelia geniculata, showing medusids in genophorss me 2 6 re re female Se Praniza carula) ‘with ‘patural The Little Plumed Worm, - Othonia he 1 6 colours preserved ... i 3 Caligus rapax, tissues differentiated by osmic.. 1 6 Larval Ascidians, “« Fragarium,? "showing the rudimentary Chalimus, sp. 16 eyes—auditory organs and urochord. Two on slide -i 6 Asterope Maria, showing median and compound lateral eyes, Adult of the same, showing eggs, and embryos in atrial cavity 1 6 with all the detail of the figure in claus. Twoonslide ... L 6 Section of Colony of compound Ascidians, “ DELETE He Nebalia Geoffroyt : ‘‘ Probably an offshoot of the Phyllopod- showing the cellulose cells i in matrix, , spicule, etc. <.. -13 like ancestors of the Malacostraca, which has persisted to Cluster of Eggs of Fish, ‘‘ Godzus,” showing embryos i in the present time ” At er aut nee Bas Perea: Hea -y different stages of development, transparent . 16 Young of Talitrus locusta ... én oa oe dot wu), .O The newly— discovered Marine Pseudo- Scorpion, “ Obisium Corophium longicorne St Ese oe see cen Kat Be} Z.ttorale”’ (Moniez) ‘ oho ve 00 eee ~~ 3 G Every Slide is guaranteed Permanent, and identification of Forms authentic. Larcels of these Slides can be sent on approval, free of charge and risk. NEW LISTS ARE READY. J. SINEL, CLEVELAND ROAD. JERSEY. WORKS BY RICHARD JEFFERIES. Post 8vo,, cloth limp, 2s. 6d. each. NATURE NEAR LONDON. | THE LIFE OF THE FIELDS. | THE OPEN AIR. THE EULOGY OF RICHARD JEFFERIES. By WALTER Besant. Second Edition. With Photograph Portrait. Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 65. LONDON: CHATTO AND WINDUS, 214) PICCADILLY, W. CHATTO & WINDUS'S POPULAR TWO-SHILLING NOVELS. NEW VOLUMES IN THE PRESS. *.* Those marked * may also be had in-cloth limp at 2s. 6d. BY GRANT ALLEN. BY DICK DONOVAN. BY CHRISTIE MURRAY and The Tents of Shem. The Man from Manchester. HENRY HERMAN. BY ALAN ST. AUBYN. Riper: Hetty Dun- OPP ao ; Fell f Trinity. z ‘ Mute BY M. BETHAM-EDWARDS. AOLaSt DETER BY WALTER BESANT. Kitty. BY OUIDA *For Faith and Freedom. BY HAROLD FREDERIC. Guilderoy. BY HALL CAINE. The Lawton Girl. BY W. CLARK RUSSELL. *The Shadow of a Crime. BY CHARLES GIBBON. An Ocean Tragedy. *A Son of Hagar. Faney Free. BY G. R. SIMS, *The Deemster. BY HENRY GREVILLE *Tinkletop’s Crime. ? *Dramas of Life. BY AUSTIN CLARE. 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Edited by Colonel CuNNINGHAM. 3 Vols. CHAPMAN’S WORKS. Complete in Three Vols. Vol I. contains the Plays complete, including donbtful ones ; Vol. II., Poems and Minor Translations, with Introductory Essay by A. C. Swinsurne; Vol. III., Translations of the Iliad and Odyssey. ; MARLOWE’S WORKS. Including his Transla- tions. Edited, with Notes and Introduction, by Colonel CUNNINGHAM. 1 Vol. MASSINGER’S PLAYS. From the Text of Wi.iiaM Girrorp. Edited by Colonel-CunNINGHAM. 1 Vol. PATENT SILVER MEDAL, PARIS, 1889, OCULIST’S APPARATUS, See ‘‘ENGINEERING,” Fitly 18¢/t, 1890. CURATIVE SPEGTAGLES FOR UNEASY SIGHTS. MR. A. FOURNET CAE 18, Bentinck-St., Welbeck-St., W. {HOURS 1t TILL 7.) Steel Frames, SPECTACLES, *“"7707"" 7/6. Morning Post.—‘‘Isbad sight - //f& on the increase?’ is answered by / Why A. Fournet with much common YY t sense.” Wy Homeopathic Review.— ‘Tf you Y Uf need to see better, yet shrink from Yf / glasses, read A, Fournet’s Philoso- uv phy of Sight.” (15 Stamps, from the Author.) Fournet’s Refractometer. Shown before Royal Institution. THE BEST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION. LONDON : CHATTO & WINDUS, 214, Piccadilly, W. TRADE MARE. CAMOMILE PILLS Are confidently recommended as a simple but certain Remedy for Indigestion, which is the cause of nearly all the diseases to which we are subject, being a medicine so uniformly grateful and beneficial, that it is with justice called the “Natural Strengthener of the Human Stomach.” ‘‘Norton’s Pills” act as a powerful tonic and gentle aperient ; are mild in their operation, safe under any circumstances, and thousands of persons can now bear testimony to the benefits to be derived from their use, as they have been a never-failing Family Friend for upwards of 50 years. Sold in Bottles at 1s. 14¢., 25. 9d., and 11s. each, in every Town in the Kingdom. CAUTION. Besure to ask for “NORTON’S PILLS,” and do not be persuaded to purchase an imitation. XXil New and Interesting Species of Shells From Borneo, Lake Tanganyika, and the Philippine Islands. COLLECTIONS PURCHASED. SPECIMENS EXCHANGED. ‘MANUFACTURER OF GLASS-TOPPED BOXES, &c. Foreign Correspondence Invited. HUGH FULTON, Dealer in Recent Shells, 89, FULHAM ROAD, LONDON, S.W. HARDWICKE'’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. Pleasant Evenings with the Microscope. DO OOO ORTNIGHTLY CONSIGNMENTS LIVING MARINE ORGANISMS, including Foraminifera, Micro-Sponges, Young Starfishes, Larval Annelids, Crustaceans, and Molluscs; Larval and other Ascidians; Hydroid Zoophytes ; Polyzoa, Micro-Algz, etc., etc. From five to fifty or more Forms in each Jar. 380/- per Annum. Free by Parcels Post. J. SINEL, CLEVELAND ROAD, JERSEY. Mason’s LANTERN AND TABLE MICROSCOPE. (Patent applied for.) pos SCIENCE TEACHERS, LECTURERS, or PRIVATE EXHIBITIONS. The cheapest and most ‘effective instrument ever produced. See Sczence-Gossip, February 1891; English Mechanic, December sth, 1890. Full description from R. G. MASON, Manufacturing Optician (from J. Swift), 69, Clapham Park Road, Clapham, S.W. | DBT Ea A MICROSCOPE SLIDES. 7 XCEPTIONAL* VALUE. SELECTED Slides for entertaining friends, etc., pretty and unscientific ; also newest, rarest, and most brilliant polarising, price 5s. dozen. Cash returned if not approved. ‘Lypical Slides for Botanical students. HENRY EBBAGE, FRAMLINGHAM, SUFFOLK. SLIDE CABINET. IXTEEN TRAYS, with RIMS and FLAPS, covered with enamelled paper, contained in strong cloth- covered wooden case. Holds 144 slides. Post-free, 4s. 6d. ‘Cc. H. H. WALKER, Maker of Micro. Specialities, 12, CHURCH STREET, LIVERPOOL. pHE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY’S GARDENS, Regent’s Park, are OPEN DAILY (except Sundays,) from Admission 1s.; on Mondays, 6d.; Children 9 A.M. till Sunset. always 6d. ROYAL BOTANIG SOCIETYS GARDENS, REGENT’S PARK. GARDENS OPEN DAILY from 9 a.m. to Sunset. SUNDAYS from 2 p.M. to Sunset. Admission by Orders from Fellows of the Society only. Lovis’S Ss. SERIES OF MIIGROSCOPICAL OBJECES. PO aes Above 70 Series of Unmeounted Objects at 2s. each Series, ready for mounting. Also 12 Series of Unmounted Cleaned Diatoms, at 3s. each, 12 tubes in each. Also above 50 Series of Mounted Slides, beautifully mounted on 3 X x Slips. The Mounted Slides are in Series of 12 for 5s. Also 15 Sfecial Series of Mounted Slides, 6 in each Series, at 4s. each. Also the two following Mew Series: 12 STARCHES. Series 2.—9/-. 12 Slides. Panicum miliaceuin. Canna coccinea. Vicia sativa. Ervum lens. Panicim italicum. Fagophyrum esculentum. Holcus sorghus. Lolium italicum, Lychnis Githago. Cicer arietinum. Secale cereale. Maranta arundinacea. ANATOMY OF THE TURVLE. (Very Thin Sections.) Special Series, No. 16.—4/-. 6 Slides. Kidney. Heart. | Small Intestine. Liver. | Lung. Skin. Only to be tried once to be always used. Sole Agent: Wm, WEST, 15, Horton Lane, Bradford. Sznp STAMP FOR CATALOGUE OF 40 PAGES. TO MUSEUMS AND PRIVATE COLLECTORS. Ww. K. MANN, NATURALIST, (ESTABLISHED 1868,) WELLINGTON TERRACE, CLIFTON, BRISTOL, Has now for sale, at reduced prices, one of the largest and most authentic selections in this country of BIRDS’ EGGS, in Clutches and with Nest. BIRD SKINS. British and EXOTIC LEPIDOPTERA, and Insects generally. Splendid Stock. FOREIGN SHELLS, Natural History Books, CABINETS, and Apparatus. Selections of Shells and Insects, sent on approval. Special Offer.—Steel Egg Drill, Brass Blowpipe, and Egg Label List, post-free rs. NEW PRICE CATALOGUE FREE. HERBERT FRY’S Royal Guide to the London Charities. Showing their Name, Date of Foundation, Objects, Income, Officials, &c. Edited by Joun Lane. Published Annually. Crown 8vo. cloth, rs. 6d. CHATTO AND WINDUS, Piccadilly, W. BEGAN ON JUNE Ist, 1890. “LE DIATOMISTE.” A Special Quarterly Paper about Diatoms, and all questions con- nected with them, with 14 to 18 pages of text and 2 or 3 plates in 4to. Edited by J. Temprérr, with the collaboration of MM. J. Brun, P. Bergon, P. T. Cleve, E. Dutertre, E. Grove, and H. Peragallo. Subscription for the year, \2s. Single Number, 4s. Subscriptions to be sent to Mr. J. TEMPERE, 168, Rue St. Antoine, Paris. Microscopic Preparations: Illustrating the Minute Structure of Vegetable Life. READY ror MOUNTING, wit PLAIN INSTRUCTIONS. Being enclosed in a novel transparent envelope, these objects may be examined without removal before mounting. ‘They are pre- pared with the utmost care, and are mostly stained in one or two colours of the most permanent character. 24 for 3s. 6d.; 6forls.; post-free anywhere. List, One Stamp. Tae WALTER WHITE, ‘LITCHAM, SWAFFHAM. ESTABLISHED 18sr. BIRKBECK BANK Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane. | THREE per CENT. INTEREST allowed on DEPOSITS | repayable on demand. TWO per CENT. on CURRENT ACCOUNTS, calculated on minimum monthly balances, when not drawn below £ 100. STOCKS, SHARES, and ANNUITIES purchased and sold. SAVINGS DEPARTMENT. For the encouragement of Thrift the Bank receives small sums on deposit, and allows Interest, at the rate of THREE per CENT. per Annum on each completed £1. Accounts are balanced and Interest added on the 31st March annually. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. OW TO PURCHASE A HOUSE FOR | TWO GUINEAS PER MONTH, OR A PLOT OF LAND FOR FIVE SHILLINGS PER MONTH, with im-— mediate possession. Apply at the Office of the BirKBEcK | FREEHOLD Lanp SOcIETY. | The BIRKBECK ALMANACK, with full particulars, post | free, on application. { FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. | MINERALOGY, Choice Specimens and Collections for Museums, Students, and Prospectors. Lessons Given. Cata-| logues Free. \ SAMUEL HENSON, 97, REGENT STREET, LONDON, W. Established 1840. COLD MEDALS p | umbersfor use by Bankers:—Barrel Pens, 25,226, 262. Slip Pens, 332, 909, 287, 166, HARDWICKE'S .SCITENCE-GOSSZP. XXII meCROsCOPIC SiLIDES. CLEARANCE SALE OF 4,000 PREPARATIONS. s. d. Stem of Vegetable Marrow, showing Sieve Plates ons SecmmetTON|| ~ Kidney of Rabbit ee ) Sunflower, showing Sieve Tubes ... m0 <5 ee 0) | Duodenum a Bark of Oak (Figured i in Thome’s Horny): ms ae oo. 8) 4 Czcum 2 ne a i 1 Ovary of Rhododendron—double stained .. ooo ono PION Papilla from Cecum of Rabbit Pee Ba) en ie 206 200 one ons fon. 859) -|| Transparent nome of Rabbit ... : a Io = ane one Io . . . 21 iene cme. Vert. Section through Groites me ae 10 | Carmine Injections. NGeEaIS a & wi a = olorina .. 10 | Allvery beautiful. Lip ; SE Mi ca Root of Dandelion (Tr. Sx3, ) showing Crystals of Inulin =-eTON| 1 acai Voluntaty. Muscle of ‘Rabbit. es = (Lg. Sec.) showing Laticiferous Vessels ... 10 | Ankle of Kitten ont a 10 Leaf of Onosma tanrica, showing beautiful hairs ons zo EE TOY| Lung of Frog ... e ie - ppemens and Pollen of Abutilon —... co) || ose Catt i as Stem of Dog Rose—double stained—a beautiful Dicotyledon 10 | = & Ge a Butcher's Broom—double stained—a beautiful Mono- | Sens spe eoeeRe idee an toy handsome pe es cotyledon ... . ace ase Io | a Pp es 2 ae Stem of Euphorbia, showing Laticiferous ‘Tubes... acs) 10) | n a Heinemens von Brunti_ rey Pa ee ES Eee eson or hocacpus from Cablomniasvery, remarkable “+ 10 | Human Blood Crystals. The Test in Medico- Legal Cases... 3, 6 Spe Se Pie 5 esas ile aes 0 | He) Blood of Man, Fowl, Fish, Reptile—double stained ... each 10 Beles of ees an rs Se oS ea 520 oo ssa tou ELead oft Cockroach. Mounted without pressure ... 10 Rt of Wheat (Section) g Sse on Doc oo 7 Horelegion Dytiscus, showing ase Suckers, without pressure 10 oe bet op eo — te | MiddleLeg ,, - ra ~) Se Pico eae yee Seas ie i as Si xt an | Polycistina from Barbadbes—large and old == Sey hss 10 Spores of Equisetum, showing cuiled Elaters ... oon a a) mu Balam me xe a oe Pinus sylvestris, Stem, showing bordered P,ts_... an BOM Section Fossil Wood from New goaland = ltieake:G: Bee CAE op Resin Pas-ages and Stomata... 10 | Besatifal Ger a Shes sai oe ity hes | Ss on Io Stem of Lycopodium—double Stained ee eee ae a Section of Clears Incrustration from Utah _ 2 0% 2 one o-= oL9 x0 talactite from Cave Mine, Utah ... 20 Root of Seedling of Pine % ore one m0 += 10 RS Triassie Sandstone, Banks of Hudson River 20 Besides Closteciam ” oe . o. on aS 5 Serpentine, top oen: New Jersey ... 20 00 on cmb ome cop itchstone, Isle of Arran on ao Beye Stem of Lime, showing annual ringsy Greeters Seeyticta a0 ” Reddish Feldspar, New York Island 1. 1. 2 0 Seen pi etie Anaile staiied a “32 ote aE. ap Eozoon Canadense, Canada (genuine) an weol 2) OD Peticleiof Date Palm s so zt tia) ae tO. 3s Fertile Branch Equisetum, Spores 27 sitz 36, Umbrella Plant ” C09 on ... . POPULAR LECTURES: “eas instructive feceton this O N N AT U R A [ H | STO R 12 (ErastTatis TENAX.) : Pest. PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED BY PHOTOGRAPHS OF INSECTS AND Showing Facets, Rods, &c. With between 60 and 70 ORIGINAL DRAWING, IN THE OXY-HYDROGEN LANTERN. 1s. 7d., post-free . '7d., post-free. Sia asee rasan 11, PAROLLES ROAD, MIRANDA ROAD, LONDON, N, HOW & CO.’S LANTERN SLIDES FOR LECTURES, &c. GEOLOGICAL SERIES. NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION OF CATALOGUE NOW READY, POST-FREE ON APPLICATION. HOW’S MICROSCOPE LAMP. HOW’S POCKET MICROSCOPE LAMP. MICRO- PETROLOGY, TYPICAL ROCK SECTIONS, ls. 6d. each. JAMES HOW & CO., 73, FARRINGDON STREET, LONDON. LECTURES ON PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, BOTANY, AND ZOOLOGY. The Editor of SCIENCE-GOSSIP has Six Nights still open next Session to be engaged for EXTEMPORANEOUS LECTURES (well Illustrated with Diagrams) to Natural History, Literary, and Scientific Societies, &c. For Terms, &c., apply to Editor of Scéence-Gossi~, care of Messrs. CHATTO & WINDUS, 214, Piccadilly, London, W. SECOND-HAND MICROSCOPES anp APPARATUS. Powell and Lealand Binocular No. 1 Stand, and a No. 2 Monocular, same makers. Powell and Ross Objectives, from 4-in. to ;.-in. MICROSCOPES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. List free per post. CHARLES COLLINS, 157, GREAT PORTLAND STREET, LONDON, W. MICROSCOPY.—MICRO-NATURAL HISTORY (ZOOLOGICAL AND BOTANICAL) AND THE ALLIED SCIENCES. Sust Published, and will be sent PostFree for Two Stamps, W. P.COLuins’s Mew Catalogue of Books (mostly Secondhand). | Scientific Libraries Purchased and Books taken in Exchange. W. P. COLLINS, Science Bookseller, 157, Great Portland Street, London, W. HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSI/P. XXVI1 WATKINS AND DONCASTER, Naturalists and Manufacturers of Entomological Apparatus and Cabinets. N.B.—lor Excellence and Superiority of Cabinets and A bparatus, references are permitted to distinguished Patrons and Colleges, Se. Plain Ring Nets, Wire or Cane, including stick, 1/8, 2/-, 2/3. eS Companion, fe igh eas Cote nae Holding Nets, 3/9 and 4/6. Scalpels, 1/3 ; Label Lists of Birds’ Eggs, -/3. mbrella Nets, 7/6 (self-acting). Scissors, per pair, 2/-. Pocket Boxes, -/6; corked both sides, -/9, 1/-, and 1/6. PEP Coleopterist’s Collecting Bottle, with tube, 1/6, 1/8. Botanical Cases, japanned, double tin, 1/6, 3/6, 4/6, 5/6. Botanical Paper, 1/1, 1/4, 1/9, and 2/2 per quire. Insect Cases, imitation mahogany, 3/6 to 11/-. Cement for replacing Antenne, -/6 per bottle. REDE atone b ae hae Eyanerer Forceps for removing Insects, Hiss 2/- per pair. apaee Bexcsre/6 YE ajatana AnGl Ge ? pe Cabinet Cork, 7 X 34, best quality, 1/4 per dozen sheets. 7 7 > Ditto, Book Pattern, 8/6, of Pal sof Pupa Diggers, 2/6. Insect Lens, 1/- to.8/6. Setting’ Bours, fat of oval) win, s/07 rin, 8; xA.in,~fo; | Gis* Top Bowes, per doen, 3/8 2/-.2/0- ° 2-in., -/10; 2¢-in., t/-; 3-in., 1/2; 3t-in., 1/4; 4-in., 1/6; Egg Drills, -/3, 1/-; Metal Blouse nipe as 4t-in., 1/7; 5-in., 1/8. Complete set of 14 boards, 10/6. Setcins Needless 6. per box. y Sait Lovin oie a ai ; corked back, 14/.. Our New Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin and A SY eh tS English Names, 1/6. Our New Catalogue of British Lepido a Breeding Cage, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, and 7/6. tera (every species numbered), 1/-; or on one side for Hanel aye All Articles enumerated are kept in stock, and can be sent immediately on receipt of order. for Sale, a large Assortment of Healthy Pupz of both British and Foreign Butterflies and Moths. CABINETS. SCecial Show Room. The following are the prices of a few of smaller sizes: for measurements and larger sizes see Catalogue. Zinc Relaxing Boxes, -/g, 1/-, 1/6, and 2/-. Nested Chip Boxes, 4 dozen, -/8. 1/10 per gross. Entomological Pins, mixed, 1/- per oz. (white or black). Sugaring Lanterns, 2/6 to 10/6. Minerals and Dried Minerals and Dried Insect. Eggs. Plants, Fossils, &c. Insect. Eggs. Plants, Fossils, &c, 4 peers 5000. EHO “e006 BA/E) Good |) HOO SS ADIENKSS bo00 Sey od00) OVO. Goons yA 6 05 sooo UD ioo00 HOO: o 15/- fe) AS S Abacos Kofax bo 45/- A LARGE STOCK ‘OF INSECTS AND BIRDS’ EGGS. Birds, Mammals, &c., Preserved and Mounted by fir st-class workmen. 86, STRAND, W.C. (FivE DOORS FROM CHARING CROSS). CADBURY'S COCOA ABSOLUTELY PURE, THEREFORE BEST. PRECAUTION.—Be careful to avoid Wore FOREIGN preparations, sold as pure, which are adulterated with alkali, This may be detected by the dark colour, and the scent when a tin is s first opened, WORKS BY JUSTIN McCARTHY, M.P. A History of Our Own Times, from the Accession of Q@ucen Victoria to the General Election of 18860. 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NATURE NEAR LONDON. | THE LIFE OF THE FIELDS. | THE OPEN AIR, THE EULOGY OF RICHARD JEFFERIES. By Watrter BESANT, Second Edition. With a Photograph Portrait. Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 65. LONDON: CHATTO AND WINDUS, 214, PICCADILLY, W. HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. XXVlll | 0. 010) 0-0 0 0 0 C000 Oo) 4 Sten > os Bes < 4 < = S Qin Soe =| oe oom min a OO ao + OH AHH ° ‘D W ¢ =) . By ae cs & : a Boe Seige ai) BEE Fe I mS Par] | > Z rea Mua Wer amr merlerpe wh.t Anuee Ull Toye Sew pees of fs Of HES) Gaga! AN Oe VO, Oe Ot ras ogc ie Pie So Soe CEO roles a7 ¢ oO 3 D Oo S35 6-5 ie SSS eos Ou zo FH fh URaee, cites Oks ee) ete Ge tons awe ue © = OAs me az brs 5 Zp) § Gos BE ses 3 2 ..8h8h || SSG) = 220= 8. ouss a ea DO ws Asie. aS 107) Os ~~ oO > OSes O sen £2 6 Or ee] BE OBO Ons ios} D 3S po 3g SO 3s i 4G Se ENG TIA eas DERI SL ode jesse 12 S Cz Pep Bhs A okOs BAe oat ° OH + bo tee . =a: om ast wD oe ° « OC arte ad 3 we Beg Soka (ion een ee reyircd am os} S oOo R= Bul) ad « Q CDE AS Osis! Usith ONG oO ¢ aa) 22 — Cz°9° M0 OF Os Ld $2 2 og .8 28 mitae ge wees | 2a SSi = oS me sig 26 2565 8, i sth is A So oo >= hemi Si os f=} @ rQ EH eo 2 cd) gi aoe Ssegce G Zz, so Ww ous 2oH fy > © +55 4 Boo Gas selOs CE a Ss SSeS) pay eee 28 § ele peg ££ ouvYW see eg OF oOo > He Sis ues ma wn B&B «20.0 -368 «OARS ASSIA) oe ture © x¢ on f fe) A See? 5 SS SES 6 a NOR Oe aae on coo As 2 = 3 EA 5 9 Sin? on #9 Lv AgnO eA SAS Bs vo BAe oW) EL oe S £25.55 24+}0 salt SS 6 a oH Fe Seg st SOO OPS 8 alg beet qo Lu SS) feats Io} | Pom: Gp 3-8 8.26 BSP, ALORCAD OTE RS ag yea Qs & 22° Re ES ?MR= rs . s ot em a> sa : Bie a A ¢2 = Ov Co R eee SLSLSARELO e sz ot 28 PSB esd gs: oF5 Bae Cf 45 2 O.4n = va (aioe =| SG © Bea 8&2 = p <— g I aS OS AGHSAA SGU ROE ya taro QegeskS WES a2 O >= i ee = = a SSB On SG | mola a at ca = ? 5. nm S wm ==) B=] Mastek bora ptiesy es baba alter Soh orl aati era tf | AS PL SOxr tna Sei HVE Se ra =— 33 AIRES Sows g8n42aemosgos % 48 “of MiSs MM se a me os ms (ali) SA TER Ste Soe G4 GS ea eA. | oS 5s Sis fh BS oa? ao Ee ct ti on | inl a 2 — = os 4 ss = : Be pegasus Cee el eosotne 8] £9 m5 2 Oe ss 2 2° Sw =I Dn as in < Y Ov, n & TSiiey ca oe ae FE e = > BS EL SBM OES PEML OL Os ees gh OG || a Sti Sos ies Sk - COCL = SEOSZS, SRS S oP sv ee.ssusg who || a Ls ae a ress ~ ~ " “O55 > ae 4 6m aS aA Og¥R OU Az = = a tn) Goon S CME Sd ONS CAS ABH SNIIS SAL SH || ic mo 250 OH 3 Big . re} ( as a@mnAna G4 Bea & nuEln S) <° one <2 & h 69 MR. EDWARD WALFORD’S INDISPENSABLE HANDBOOKS. Walford’s County Families of the United Kingdom (1891). Containing Notices of the Descent, Birth, Marriage, Education, &c., of more than 12,000 distinguished Heads of Families, their Heirs Apparent or Presumptive, the Offices they hold or have held, their Town and Country Addresses, Clubs, &c. Thirty-fizst Annual Edition.. Royal 8vo., cloth gilt, sos. Walford’s Windsor Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightage (1891). Crown 8vo., handsomely bound, 12s. 6d. ‘Vhis work includes all the Peers, all the Baronets, all the Knights, and all the Privy Councillors of the United Kingdom. In the main it follows the lines already laid down in the ‘‘County Families,” describing all members of the above orders in one single alphabet. 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Holds 144 slides. Post-free, As. 6d. ‘C.H.H. WALKER, Maker of Micro. Specialities, 12, CHURCH STREET, LIVERPOOL. MASON’S LANTERN AND TABLE (Patent applied for.) MICROSCOPE. OR: SCIENCE TEACHERS, LECTURERS, or PRIVATE EXHIBITIONS. The cheapest and most effective instrument ever produced. See Science-Gossif, February 1891; English Mechanic, December sth, 1890. Full description from R. G. MASON, Manufacturing Optician (from J. Swift), 69, Clapham Park Road, Clapham, S W. Ss EOUIS’S SERIES OF MIGROSCOPICAL OBJECIS. PLD DPD Above 70 Series of Unootnted ‘Objects at 2s. each Series, ready for mounting. Also 12 Series of Unmounted Cleaned Diatoms, at 3s. each, 12 tubes in each. Also above 50 Series of Mounted Slides, beautifully mounted on 3 Xt Slips. The Mounted Slides are in Series of 12 for 5s. Also 15 Sfecial Series of Mounted Slides, 6 in each Series, at 4s. each. Also the two following ew Series: 12 STARCHES. Series 2.—5/-. 12 Slides. Ervum lens. Panicum miliaceum, Panicum italicum. 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They are pre- pared with the utmost care, and are mostly stained in one or two colours of the most permanent character. 24 for 3s. 6d.; 6forls.; post-free anywhere. List, One Stamp. PDA DEI _ WALTER WHITE, LITCHAM, SWAFFHAM. ESTABLISHED 1851. BIRKBECK BANK Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane. THREE per CENT. INTEREST allowed on DEPOSITS | repayable on demand. TWO per CENT. on CURRENT ACCOUNTS, calculated | on minimum monthly balances, when not drawn below Grea: STOCKS, SHARES, and ANNUITIES purchased and sold. | SAVINGS DEPARTMENT. | For the encouragement of Thrift the Bank receives small ‘sums on | deposit, and allows Interest, at the rate of THREE per CENT.) per Annum on each completed 41. Accounts are balanced and | Interest added on the 31st March annually. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. OW TO PURCHASE A HOUSE FOR| TWO GUINEAS PER MONTH, OR A PLOT OF) LAND FOR FIVE SHILLINGS PER MONTH, with im-| mediate possession. Apply at the Office of the BrirKBECK! FREEHOLD LAND Society. The BIRKBECK ALMANACK, with full particulars, post free, on application. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. eS ES Sa = | MINERALOGY. Choice Specimens and Collections for Tees Students, and Prospectors. Lessons Given. Cata- logues Free. } SAMUEL HENSON, | 97, REGENT STREET, LONDON, W. | Established 1840. COLD MEDALS PARIS | 878 “1889 =Numbers for use by Bankers:—Barrel Pens, 25,226, 262. Slip Pens, 332, 909, 287, 166, =404. In fine, medium, and broad Points, : \ HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIE. XXX1 meen OsCOPrTOseSLIDES. CLEARANCE SALE OF 4,000 PREPARATIONS. s. a. Stem of Vegetable Marrow, showing Sieve Plates onc aero. Kidney of Rabbit ae >, Sunflower, showing Sieve Tubes aon ab ale S50 1) ants) Duodenum ies ai oe ae Bark of Oak (Figured in Thome’s Botany)! 5 = ETO Czecum is = = a me Ovary of Rhododendron—double stained .. “00 aco LO Papilla from Caecum ‘of Rabbit ie =e Bos of Maize through embryo en on ae oo ep LO Transparent Stomach of Rabbir ... ee Io pirogyra in conjugation — ... fs. xO rT. oe Tongu a Lichen—Parmelia. Vert. Section through fruit .. nae aaa) 540) Carmine Injections. Nose is a ite a as Solorina 10 | All very beautiful Li . ah ieee | te 0 d y Us i Root of Dandelion ee Sec. ) showing Crystalso of eigwitia ssp BIO : Vi SE Musele of Rabbit. ie a (Lg. Sec.) showing Laticiferous Vessels ... 10 Ankle of Kitten 50 ia ma Leaf “of Onosma tanrica, showing beautiful hairs “n CTOn! Lung of Frog : ee sa Ee Stamens and Pollen of Abutilon —... =. JO GS a Me ie ag ee Stem of Dog Rose—double stained—a beautiful Dicotyl iedony 10 | Ss j a : ve % os Butcher’s Broom—double stained—a beaut ful Mono- Section’ Spine OBIT Se anil pee hands Soom Spree cotyledon ... ao oo |G) em ze B : Ueber Saas Stem of Euphorbia, showi ing Laticiferous Tubes... x oa Bhs) “ ae eounomens von Brunti pe ig eae Se! ” o a 10 Seeds of Orthocarpus from ( Calorie ee Pas i ao Human slood Cry Sire fi neae Test in Medico- Legal Cases ... x6 Stem of Pinus sylvestris—double stained . wet se ECO Head ey, Cote ihtonuted ics cguble stained ... each iy Capsules of Funaria, showing Peristome ... ai ae osy iakey || 9 £D sh le Septal y She Sees aR ee or Wiat (Gece) ah 23 ae nEICES ytiscus, showing grec ouckers) without pressure Io Leaf of Ficus, showing Cystoliths ... ae as S02 BGK) Poly Gane ores rbadeere lesz and bold a ae os Clustercup Fungus Ecidium (Vert. Sec.) se “ S00 | 349) nk alsam ec Pa is ao: Spores of Equisetum, showing coiled Elaters ... ae TL OMINGacE oniivoesilawooddromiNicc, Ratna. a gy Slee ee peaks 7 I ° Pinus sylvestris, stent, SHOT eae eG atone ae Se B “5 Ce show ing organ isms from Salt Lake City TO, Sg EI . eautiful Gorgonia Spicules Io Stem of Lycopodium double stained oo 0a 36: -* 10 | Section of Calcareous Incrustration from Utah otic nue of Secdline of Pine ” a cco 308 me a) me Stalactite from Cave Mine, Utah 2S Winter Bad of me » see woe EO POR 360) a Triassie Sandstone, Banks of Hudson Rive: er 20 pera Cloccricm ” oo as a0 Bs = See Hoboken, New Jersey .. 20 one cc on 220 Bo 000 1 ae itchstone, Isle of Arran . 20 Stem of Lime, showing annual rings = eC LO ’, Reddish Feldspar, New York Island. 2 0 9 ee ae eon Onn o20 7x0 poy, * ste - Eozoon Canadense, Canada ( (genuine) 2 6 Petizle of Date Palm seb aa cme soa SOF a Fertile Branch Equisetum, Spores z7 sztz 3 6 ” soe con oe Boe tes Bud of Lily, Pollen in the Anthers ... 3 6 > Umbrella Plant __,, co sc oo “+ 10 | y2 Slides Gorgeous Polariscope Crystals 3 Leaf of Eloeagnus, showing Peltate Hairs = ie Rae COE iS h d for P Bae P pet Gielinte Hae IZ tarches, mounted for Polariscope 8 0 » oma » 93 s 308 cc ee LORE IEE Beautiful F fera— di e 5 Beier pasny, Ovules te site a ee B u oraminifera: arrange in pattern I5 0 A = on — = ex Be SG Alga, Draparnallia, very beautiful - = re ze scat) IO : hs a matomys oh Cockroach i 5 Seret ORO: Aerial Stem of Equisetum—stained _ oS) ELM te 13 last items a7 this list, worn; any other x12 Conceptacle of Fucus, showing Oogonia aad Are heridin A ag ae Slides selected by purchaser, 8s.; Tzvo dozen, 15s. 30 Slides illustrating Bower and Vine’s Hot: any 20 0 . 24 Slides of Anatomical Preparations very suitable for classes 24 Slides of Sections gi various pais of Plants all beautifully in Physiology ... ae aon an — LO REO stained oo 12 Slides Genuine Tentile Fibres ... “0 ecoat date seo 85-0 “ARTHUR cr DOHERTY, 63, ‘Burlington Street, Manche BOOKS BY W. 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Crown 8vo., cloth extra, és. LONDON: CHATTO AND WINDUS, 214, PICCADILLY, W. GAH DENIN G Books. Post 8vo., rs. each; cloth limp, rs. 6d. each. A Wear’s Work in Garden and Greemhouse: Practical Advice to Amateur Gardeners as to the Management of the Flower, Fruit, and Frame Garden. By Grorce GLENNY. Our Kitchen Garden: The Plants we Grow, and How we Cook Them. By Tom JERROLD. Household Horticultmre: A Gossip about Flowers. By Tom and JANE JERROLD. Illustrated.. The Garden that Paid the Went. By Tom JERROLD. My Garden Wild, and What I Grew There. By F. G. HEATH.- Crown 8vo.,. cloth extra, gilt edges, 6s. LONDON: CHATTO AND WINDUS, 214, PICCADILLY, W..- | | | | | | | | , | | | | XXXil HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSTIP. ROCK Liife sissurance Company. Established 1806. DIRECTORS. LiguT.-GEN. THE Rr. Hon. Lorp ABINGER, C.B. JOHN GODDARD, Esa. WILLIAM JAMES BEADEL, Esq., M.P. CHARLES THOMAS LUCAS, Esq. WILFRID ARTHUR BEVAN, Esq. THE RicgHT Hon. Lorp MONK BRETTON, GEORGE PARKER BIDDER, Esq., Q.C. CUTHBERT EDGAR PEEK, Esq. THE Hon. W. ST. JOHN F. BRODRICK, M.P. | CHARLES RUGGE-PRICE, Esq. GEORGE CROSHAW, Esa. | THE Hon. CHARLES HEDLEY STRUTT. GEORGE ARTHUR FULLER, Esq. SAMUEL HARVEY TWINING, Esa. IMMEDIATE PAYMENT OF CLAIMS. INTERIM BONUSES. TOTAL FUNDS - - - - ~ - - £2,900,557. SUMS ASSURED - - - - - - - £3,867,096. FUNDS IN HAND FOR EACH £100 - - - - £75. INVESTMENT - POLICIES Moderate | Premiums. Limited Payments. Fixed Surrender Values. DEFERRED BONUS AND WITHOUT-PROFIT POLICIES AT VERY LOW RATES. PENSION FUND: POLICIES. -. LIFE ANNUITIES: INVESTMENT“ SE CU Ri DY? =F © Eire ma: CHIEF OFFICE: 15, NEW BRIDGE STREET, LONDON, E.C. BRANCH OFFICES: MANCHESTER: Guardian Buildings. LEEDS: 88, Albion-street. GLASGOW: 68, St. Vincent-street. BIRMINGHAM: 50, Cherry-street. APPLIGATIONS FOR AGENGIES INV Liae LONDON : PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS, | GEORGE S. CRISFORD, 4ctuary. | 9 | | MUU Ace By Post, Fivepence. ZEEE No SS See “A a) mais ¢ wee S 4 a ONS (OBA Wise nce-Gossip: sat Monthly Wledium of Brterchange and Gossip N ‘iN FOR STUDENTS AND HAN \S" LOVERS OF NATURE. IN \\ EDITED BY J. E. TAYLOR, F.L.S., &ce VY \\ Vd A Marsh Garden. Professor Weismann’s Theory | is os Contents. The Structure of Insects in Re- of Heredity. lation to the Origin of Verte- | The Birds of Fort Augustus. brates. The Geological History of the Thames Valley.—J//lustrated. a : Science-Gossip. The Voices of Animals. Microscopy. Notes on New Books. Zoology. Botany. An Introduction to the Study Geology, &c. of British Diptera.—Jilustrated. | Notes and Queries. (Continued.) Notices to Correspondents. Our Lane.—J/lustrated. (Continued.) PS ze Se SSS oe r : excepting Nos. fo : & Mar. 1884, Feb. 1885, Jan. 1888, Jan. 1890(out of print). 317.—May, 1891. SES CHATTO AND WINDUS, PICCADILLY, LONDON, W. FIS =r =| : ka [All Rights Reserved.) 7 S. FISHER, 188, STRAND. EPPS’S ( comormma ) OOCOA. R’S GLADSTONE BAG “22222. XXXIV HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. MICROSCOPIC PREPARATIONS. FIRST-CLASS SPECIMENS, NEw anp RARE OBJECTS IN EVERY DEPARTMENT OF MICROSCOPY. LORD 8. G. OSBORNE’S DIATOMESCOPEH, Post-free, 12s. The Phantom Shrimp, Caprella linearis, for Polariscope or Paraboloid. 1s. 6d., post free. See “Science Gossip,” Dee. 1890. Page 280. Oidi lbi Thrush) f the Hydroid Zoophyte, showing Tentacles Human Tongue. 1s, 6d, yosttree, LX RN EGS T FLIN TON, cxtenceaanditcaa surrounded with gonc- 12, VORLEY ROAD, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. (TWENTY YEARS WITH THE LATE E. WHEELER.) GEOLOGICAL CoOLLECTirioOnNsS. Comprising FOSSILS, MINERALS, and ROCKS, labelled with Name, Locality, and Geological Position, in Mahogany Cabinets. 100 Specimens, 25s. 200 Specimens, 50s. The best value obtainable. Maicro-Sections of Rocks in great variety. Cabinets, Glass- Topped Boxes, and other Geological requisites. THOMAS D. RUSSELL, 78, NEWGATE STREET, E.C. SECOND-HAND MICROSCOPES AND OBJECTIVES. Binocular ‘‘ Popular” Microscope by R. and J. Breck, with 4-in. and 1-inch Object Glasses, Stand Condenser, and double Nose-piece, in Mahogany Case ; cost £15; price £8 Ios. CRouCcH’s ‘‘ Student’s ” Binocular Microscope with best 4th Objective and a I-in. ditto by Ross, in Mahogany Case; price £9. A bargain. Ross’ Five Guinea ee Microscope with 3 Lenses, price £3 3s. BECK’s small Dissecting Microscope, as per Catalogue 324., price £2. SANDS, HUNTER & Co., 20, CRANBOURN ST., LONDON, W.C. TER AE te TeRy FRED. ENOCK, F.E.S., NEW PREPARATION. ee BEGS TO INFORM HIS NUMEROUS PATRONS THAT HE IS NOW HESSIAN FLY. OPEN TO ENGAGEMENTS FOR A most interesting and PO P U LAR L ECTU R ES Ese Danie instructive Tecwireson this O N N AT U R A [i H | S TO R YG (ErastTaLis TENAX.) , Pest. PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED BY PHOTOGRAPHS OF INSECTS AND Showing Facets, Rods, &c. With between 60 and 70 ORIGINAL DRAWING, IN THE OXY-HYDROGEN LANTERN. 1s. 7d., post-free Original Tlustrations. 11, PAROLLES ROAD, MIRANDA ROAD, LONDON, N, HOW & CO’S LANTERN SLIDES FOR LECTURES, &c. GEOLOGICAL SERIES. NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION OF CATALOGUE NOW READY, POST-FREE ON APPLICATION. HOW’S MICROSCOPE LAMP. HOW’S POCKET MICROSCOPE LAMP. MICRO- PETROLOGY, TYPICAL ROCK SECTIONS, ls. 6d. each. JAVEES HOW & CO., 43, FARRINGDON STREET, LONDON. LECTURES ON PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, BOTANY, AND ZOOLOGY. The Editor of SCIENCE-GOSSIP has Six Nights still open next Session to be engaged for EXTEMPORANEOUS LECTURES (well Illustrated with Diagrams) to Natural History, Literary, and Scientific Societies, &c. For Terms, &c., apply to Editor of Sczence-Gossif, care of Messrs. CHATTO & WINDUS, 214, Piccadilly, London, W. SECOND-HAND MICROSCOPES anp APPARATUS. Powell and Lealand Binocular No. 1 Stand, and a No. 2 Monocular, same makers. Powell and Ross Objectives, from 4-in. to 3,-in. MICROSCOPES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. List free per post. CHARLES COLLINS, 157, GREAT PORTLAND STREET, LONDON, W. MICROSCOPY.—MICRO-NATURAL HISTORY (ZOOLOGICAL AND BOTANICAL) AND THE ALLIED SCIENCES. Sust Published, and will be sent Post Free for Two Stamps, W. P. COLLins’s Mew Catalogue of Books (mostly Secondhand). Scientific Libraries Purchased and Books taken in Exchange. . é W. P. COLLINS, Science Bookseller, 157, Great Portland Street, London, W. HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP, XXXV WATKINS AND DONCASTER, Naturalists and Manufacturers of Entomological Apparatus and Cabinets. N.B.—For Excellence and Superiority of Cabinets and Apparatus, references are permitted to distinguished Patrons and Colleges, &¢. a he : A P i Taxidermist’s Companion, z.e. a pocket leather case, containing Rene Nero cad Via drach (sticks 2/6)\/-1,2/ 4: most useful instruments for skinning, 10/6. ; : b Wmibrella, Nets: 7/6 (celfacting). Scalpels, 1/3 ; Label Lists of Birds’ Eggs, -/3. : 7 A Scissors, per pair, 2/-. Zant Relavng ie ee ee ge ies Coleopterist’s Collecting Bottle, with tube, 1/6, 1/8. 9 ? 2 1 ] i 6 5 Nested Chip Boxes, i dozen, ¢/8. 1/10 per gross. Botanical Cases, japanned, double tin, 1/6, 3/6, 4/6, 5/6. Rae mological Pins, zines uf per oz. (white or black). Bopanical dane ah sa 2 sae aan a ugaring Lanterns, 2/6 to 10/6. ? : » Searing ring aaah bards, ao) Cement for replacing Antenne, -/6 per bottle. s Forceps for removing Insects, 1/6, 2/- per pair. Mite Destroyer (not dangerous to use), 1/- per oz. - 5 rage pica) Pp Bioreiborcsae/oW ease vandic/= Cabinet Cork, 7 X 3+, best quality, 1/4 per dozen sheets. Ditto Books Pattern;18/6, (9/6; and 10/6. Pupa Diggers, 2/6. Insect Lens, 1/- to 8/6. 5 c * . Glass Top Boxes, per dozen, 1/8, 2/-, 2/6. Setting Boards, flat or oval, r-in., -/6; 14-in., -/8; 1#-in., -/9; Pp P pol 2-in., OR 2t-in., 1/-; ’3-in., 1/2; 3t-in., 1/4; 4-in., 1/6; Glass-bottomed Boxes, per dozen, 1/9, 1/10, 2/-, 2/6. - 4t-in., 1/7; 5-in., 1/8. Complete set of 14 boards, 10/6. Egg Drills, -/3, 1/-; Metal Blow-pipe, -/7. G : Setting Needles, 6d. per box. ee ao ee ; corked back, 14/-. Our New Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin and - 2 English Names, 1/6. Our New Catalogue of British Lepido Breeding Cage, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, and 7/6. tera (every species numbered), x/-; or on one side for Labels, i All Articles enumerated are kept in stock, and can be sent immediately on receipt of order. For Sale, a large Assortment of Healthy Pupz of both British and Foreign Butterflies and Moths. CABINETS. Special Show Room. The following are the prices of a few of smaller sizes: for measurements and larger sizes see Catalogue. Minerals and Dried Minerals and Dried Plants, Fossils, &c. Insect. Eggs. Plants, Fossils, &c, AeDrawerse. 2713/0) sie) L2/—) ieee LO/O IDEAS ooo0 SY c000 SOV nooo Maye Oke 5; sc00. LHS Soon HOS “ca05 Ve 1) o000 Lie Sooo BOIS “Goos -AG/- A LARGE STOCK OF INSECTS AND BIRDS’ EGGS. Birds, Mammals, &c., Preserved and Mounted by First-class workmen. 386, STRAND, W.C. (FIVE DOORS FROM CHARING CROSS). Insect. Eggs. WORKS BY RICHARD JEFFERIES. Post 8vo., cloth limp, 2s. 6d. each. NATURE NEAR LONDON. | THE LIFE OF THE FIELDS. | THE OPEN AIR. THE EULOGY OF RICHARD JEFFERIES. By Watter BESANT. Second Edition. With a Photograph Portrait. Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 6s. LONDON: CHATTO AND WINDUS, 214, PICCADILLY, W. MIITCHROSCOPiCc SLIDES. CLEARANCE SALE OF 4,000 PREPARATIONS. PRICES REDUCED FROM FIFTY PER CENT. TO SEVENTY-FIVE PER (CENT. RECENT TESTIMONIALS. **Received Slides, which exceed my expectations as regards beauty, finish, distinctness, and value.’—F$. B. Groom, Esg., St. Paul's Schools, Maidstone. *‘T must thank you for the very beautiful slides you have forwarded to me; they are extremely satisfactory, and leave nothing to be desired.”—Leonard Stevenson, Esq., People's College Schools, Nottingham. ‘‘Your slides are excellent.”—Geo. ¥. Lee, Esg., F.R.M.S., Kimberley, South Africa. ‘‘The preparations have travelled safely, and are simply superb.” —d. de Sonza Guimaraens, Esg., 38, New Bridge Street, Ludgate. ‘‘ Your work is a model of excellence, and I have some appreciation of the time, care, and skill required to produce such results.”—Edward Cen Esq., M.D., Benicia, Caltfornia, U.S. A. ‘Your preparations could not be surpassed.” —Fokn Angus, Esg., National Bank of Scotland, Kirkcudbright. ‘‘ All the preparations are simply superb, and are most tastefully mounted.”’ —Theodore West, Esq. (Brother of TUFFEN WEST, Esq.), Dardzrgtor. Set A, 24 Slides, Stained and Injected Preparations from Man and Price, Set E, 24Single and Double-Stained Preparations, illustrating the Przce. _ower Animals . . . . . . 15/- Growth and Physiology of Plants 2 0 9 Mate 15/= Set B, 24 area do do. do. oe Set G, 24 Slides, Miscellar cone nclCcine six Sections of Echinii 4 popae d “ a - fi the Frogs, R pines, Double-Stained Plant Sections, choice Carmine Set C, 24 Slides, 5 Oe Oe COTE OB Sy Ca 7E 5 Injections, Polycistina, Foraminifera, Insects. This is an temporaria « BES AG = Qa i Vee : 15/- exceptionally choice set : A 5 J 5 O 7 17/6 Set D, 24 Single and Double-Stained Preparations, illustrating the Set K, 30 Slides, carefully prepared Plant Secs., &c., illustrating Growth and Physiology of Plants 15/- Bower and Vines’ ‘‘Practical Botany.” . . ° . + 20/- Packed in Rackwood Boxes and sent Free by Parcel Post. Nearly all the above-named slides make charming Photo-Micrographs; and their exquisite beauty eminently adapts them for exhibition at Soirées and Parties, by means either of the Microscope or Lantern-Microscope. i ‘ i No slides will be sent on approval ; but remuttance will be returned in full for slides which are not of the standard of excellence above defined. “WORKS BY EDWARD WALFORD, M.A. WALFORD’S WINDSOR PEERAGE, BARONETAGE, AND KNIGHTAGE (1891). Cc 8vo., cloth extra, 12s. 6d. WALFORD'S COUNTY FAMILIES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM (1891). Containing Notices of the Descent, Birth, Marriage, Education, &c., of more than 12,000 distinguished Heads of Families, their Heirs Apparent or Presumptive, the Offices they hold or have held, their Town and Country Addresses, Clubs, &c. Thirty-first Annual Edition. Royal 8vo., cloth gilt, 50s. WALFORD’S COMPLETH PEERAGE, BARONETAGE, KNIGHTAGH, AND HOUSE OF COMMONS (2891). Royal 32mo., cloth extra, gilt edges, ss. Walford’s Shilling Peerage (1891). Containing an | Walford’s Shilling House of Commons (1891). Alphabetical List of the House of Lords, Dates of Creation, List of Scotch and Irish Peers, Addresses, &c. 32mo., cloth, rs. 3 a Walford’s Shilling Baronetage (1891). Containing an Alphabetical List of the Baronets of the United Kingdom, short Bio- graphical Notices, Dates of Creation, Addresses, &c. 32mo., cloth, rs. Containing a List of all the Members of Parliament, their Town, and Country Addresses, Clubs, &ec. 32mo., cloth, 1s. Rie Walford’s Shilling Knightage (1891). Containing an Alphabetical List of the Knights of the United Kingdom, short Bio- graphical Notices, Dates of Creation, Addresses, &c, 32mo., cloth, 15. Lonpon: CHATTO & WINDUS, 214, PiccabitLty, W. XXXV1 HARDWICKE'S SCIENCE-GOSSIP e = so oo fe} Ke} oO ° ° lole Moh opto) ° un nw > > NS cara) D 5 od & Pe eats A nays 2) gm mn a oO 8 © + OHOHH o|| 8 WM 85 = . 29 =e Si al Ge ida} » 25 o x . ~— = Say poe eet S 3 As | =, (thes | PAO Sees eee see eee -yas. || Be SES oe A Ee ei > s m0 RO on 2 & cr (S) temo ipAan 43 Og 6 o Ea = E>) adaa —~ 9 & O29 8s ofoad Sad SER aa Soest Se be CBS E pa Oy Oh NOs la cnrg ucameLOlnucn Dy Aa %2 SE oa tea 88 “8.25 BB — Mo Me ES: Gem -5- - oS Ce. a2 = 8s OO xsMmee 2B BE s n yo 3B 4 3 WE FB0 SD Re ARdaH SBE) = 28 2S =. Sez Boose = a oe . 4“eO8O 5 ae) SN roi So 22 ste a3 oi eS Oe Se oie Neer Gere Lee ss 2s. UIASE OSB oc ears ict BS es Pg eg sy jee S oes 3 SHESESC FASE SF,A A® @ o R on 50 Gynt Deh 5 Le s5 =o mt SSO hs os J FI $2 8.18.8 28 mpeee t= 2o28 | Ga Sis BSS Se lai 26 25°68 Sa Ex $4.8. .8-8 9g FH glare Bare . a E22 2 a8 2a > $5 2 Egth PRSSTOs Ses | oe RA STI SW oon $28 6 2 BeOS oJ, vo So HY GF a Wiira~ span ON tes BUE On ae —_ GB ge.aleseg PH GH aH CO .a 88 om amp) Srigik Os ger 0 cae a R 4 ¢ 5 sh 8S Be 0 a 2a 88 aa orn mas mas Bt ees ne of Be Gs, ¢ 9 o % no AER eu ey BSA (=) a” oc = M5420 06 3 Hi Aa Sas 4 ee ASFA SEeltocososeous so GW cadies 8 eee ZS PA BECO UA c ° OS, ro) ry 5 OMS iw oe? Ww s co w= [% = SS 25 6 Og Soret eoteng eee s., || Si be oe SSS Fe a ewe a os 9 LB ye) Oss eta D acs aa OR! st D te pia ais Big (Ole Ae. Br 55 8 GY § BES OQ es Loma ofsS >) S8 bas OSs i) SO 9 Bote 6 On BH ee ego ell OF ae 0 tas Re wOuae sol. tae BE) == 2 g 55 ie he Ee ot Bn Eo E Sy gAeae «2 wes SE Oeste ws 2" ES a RBC En ¢ ~% Since ZGoop = HRoSE, geass Ou SEES Sao ee BS a *Sii=ae ee Be & al pe tnsOee $9889 92.9 a8 a ey iS 3 = OD B gNH SL ONS SAS RSHSMSSSSVLsH || = 3 om ZS OG = BR a@nAn 4a A Res A Hnr>Ln io) <0 ox <£ 2 GB Oo Church of ablishe, (3) rq! g l - Assurance gst 1840. Lik E Apply for NEW Prospectus to the Head Ojjice ' 9 and 10, KIN nd EFIRE Write for Explanatory Pamphlet (0) “Perfected” Pensions. A New System of Assurance Without Medical Examination THE BEST PROVISION FOR OLD AGE. Institution , Seven Special Advantages. Very Moderate Rates. G STREET, CHEAPSIDE, LONDON, E.C. BOOKS BY W. MATTIEU WILLIAMS. The Fuel of the Sun. Second Edition. 8vo. Cloth, ros. The Philosophy of Clothing. Just Published. Post 8vo. Cloth, 4s. Shorthand for Everybody. With Course of Lessons and Key. ts. . LOonpon: T. LAURIE, 28, Paternoster Row. EDINBURGH & GLASGOW: JOHN MENZIES & CO. The Chemistry of Iron and STEEL MAKING, and of their Practical Uses. Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 9s. Science in Short Chapters. Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 7s. 6d. A Simple Treatise on Heat. With Ilustrations. Cr. 8vo., cl. limp, 2s. 62. The Chemistry of Cookery. Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 65. LONDON : CHATTO & WINDUS, 214, Piccadilly, W. GARDEN IN Post 8vo., rs. each; G Book Ss. cloth limp, 1s. 6d. each. A Wear’s Work in Garden and Greenhowse: Practical Advice to Amateur Gardeners as to the Management of the Flower, Fruit, and Frame Garden. Our Kitchen Garden: The Plants we Grow, Household HWorticulture : A Gossip about Flowers. The Garden that Paid the Bent. My Garden Wild, and “What EL Gr cloth extra, gilt Hen 6s. By Grorce GLEenny. and How we Cook Them. By Tom JERROLD. By Tom and JANE JERROLD. Illustrated. By Tom JERROLD. Pew There. — By F. G. HEATH. Crown 8vo., ONDON : CHATTO AND WINDUS, 214, PICCADILLY, W. CADBURY’ S COCOA ABSOLUTELY PURE, THEREFORE BEST. PRECAUTION.—Be careful to avoid highly-coloured ForREIGN preparations, sold as pure, which are adulterated with alkali. This may be detected by the dark colour, and the scent when a tin is first opened. HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. XXXVIi THE LIVERPOOL AND LONDON & GLOBE INSURANCE COMPANY, ESTABLISHED 1836. Head Offices: 1, DALE STREET, LIVERPOOL—7, CORNHILL, LONDON. BRANCH OFFICES: Wanchester, Leeds, Bristol, Birmingham, Edinburgh, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Glasgow, and Dublin. Total Invested Funds, £7,826,542, Total Claims paid exceed £25,500,000. FIRE INSURANCES EFFECTED ON THE MOST FAVOURABLE TERMS. LIFE DEPARTMENT. All descriptions of Life Insurance and Annuities at moderate rates. THE LARGE REVERSIONARY BONUS of 35/0 per cent. per annum on sums assured in the new participating class has been declared at each valuation. The NEW CONDITIONS of Assurance give increased facilities for Residence, Travel, and Occu- pation. Maintaining Policies in Force.—_Reviving Lapsed Policies. Prompt Payment of Claims. APPLICATIONS FOR AGENCIES INVITED. LONDON OFFICES: CORNHILL AND CHARING CROSS. BROWNING’S PLATYSCOPIC LENS. A NEW ACHROMATIC COMBINATION, Combining the definition of a Microscope with the Portability of a Pocket Lens. “If you carry a small Platyscopic Pocket Lens (which every observer of Nature ought to do).”—GranT ALLEN in Knowledge. The Platyscopic Lens is invaluable to botanists, mineralogists, or entomologists, as it focuses about three times as far from the object as the Coddington Lenses. § This allows opaque objects to be examined easily. i} The Platyscopic Lens is made of four degrees of power, magnifying respectively Io, 15, 20, and 30 diams. ; the lowest power, having the largest field, is the best adapted for general use. The Lenses are set in Ebonite Cells, and mounted in Tortoiseshell Frames. Price of the Platyscopic Lens, mounted in Tortoiseshell, magnifying either 10, 15, 20, or 30 diameters, 18s. 6d. each power. Hilustrated Description sent free. JOHN BROWNING, 63, ae LONDON C.- THE OLD DRAMATISTS, | o:1sts sitar ENGRAVED REAL SIZE. ili PATENT SILVER Crown 8vo., cloth extra. Vignette Portraits. 6s. per Vol. 9 p FCT AG LES PARIS, BEN JONSON’S WORKS. With Notes Critical 1889, and Explanatory, and a Biographical Memoir by WM. GiIrForD. FOR UNEASY SIGHTS. Edited by Colonel CunNINGHAM. 3 Vols. MR. A. FOURNET G ie ) zvEerntlor, CHAPMAN’S WORKS. Complete in Three Vols. | 18, Bentinck-St., Welbeck-St., W. ve I. contains thes Plays Cu plete including cout ones ; (HOURS “if TILL 7.) ol. II., Poems an Minor Translations, wit ntro uctory J Essay by A. C.. Swinpurne; Vol. III., Translations of the nae cal ch loak ate peel 8: Iliad and Odyssey. SPECTACLES, Srom 7/6. o 0 Mi It Bos —‘'‘Is bad ht » : MARLOWE’S WORKS. Including his Transla- || on the increase?’ is answered by /7//// tions. Edited, with Notes and Introduction, by Colonel ge Rournet with much common Wy NS 7 CunniNcHAM. 1 Vol. Homeopathic Review.—‘‘lf you WY \ TA need to see better, yet shrink from MA SSI NGER’S PLAYS. From the Text of glasses, read A. Fournet’s Philoso- Witutam Girrorp. Edited by Colonel CunnincHaMm. 1 Vol. || Phy of Sight. (15 Stamps, from the Author.) Fournet’s Refractometer. Seam GRE Royal, ETL LUNPIONT 8 (CELSO & ENDS, 214, GENS W. CAMOMILE PILLS Are confidently recommended as a simple but certain Remedy for Indigestion, which is the cause of nearly all the ' diseases to which we are subject, being a medicine so uniformly grateful and beneficial, that it is with justice called the *Natural Strengthener of the Human Stomach.” ‘‘Norton’s Pills” act as a powerful tonic and gentle aperient ; are mildin “their operation, safe under any circumstances, and thousands of persons can now bear testimony to the benefits to be derived from their use, as they have been a never-failing Family Friend for upwards of 50 years. Sold in Bottles at 1s. 14d., 25. 9d., and 11s. each, in every Town in the Kingdom. CAUTION. Be sure to ask for “ NORTON 'S PILLS,” and do not be persuaded to purchase an imitation. XXXVIll HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. HERBERT FRY’S Royal Guide to the London Charities. Showing their Name, Date of Foundation, Objects, Income, Officials, &c. Edited by JoHN LANE. Published Annually. Crown 8vo., cloth, 15. 6d. CHATTO AND WINDUS, Piccadilly, W. HE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY’S GARDENS, Regent’s Park, are OPEN DAILY (except Sundays,) from 9 A.M. till Sunset. Admission 1s.; on Mondays, 6d.; Children always 6d. ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY'S GARDENS, REGENT’S PARK. GARDENS OPEN DAILY from 9 4.m. to Sunset. SUNDAYS from 2 p.M. to Sunset. Admission by Orders from Fellows of the Society only. New and Interesting Species of Shells Front Borneo, Lake Tanganyika, and the Philippine Islands. COLLECTIONS PURCHASED. SPECIMENS EXCHANGED. MANUFACTURER OF GLASS-TOPPED BOXES, &c. Foreign Correspondence Invited. HUGH FULTON, Dealer in Recent Shells, 89, FULHAM ROAD, LONDON, S.W. SLIDE CABINET. IXTEEN TRAYS, with RIMS and FLAPS, covered with enamelled paper, contained in strong cloth- covered wooden case. Holds 144 slides. Post-free, 4s. 6d. Cc. H. H. WALKER, Maker of Micro. Specialities, zz, CHURCH STREET, LIVERPOOL. MASON’S LANTERN AND TABLE (Patent applied for.) MICROSCOPE. joes SCIENCE TEACHERS, LECTURERS, or PRIVATE EXHIBITIONS. The cheapest and most effective instrument ever produced. See Science-Gossif, February 1891; English Mechanic, December sth, 1890. Full description from R. G. MASON, Manufacturing Optician (from J. Swift), 69, Clapham Park Road, Clapham, S.W. Ss. LOUIS’sS SERIES OF MMIGROSCOPICAL OBJECTS. Above 70 Series of Uxmounted Objects at 2s. each Series, ready for mounting. Also 12 Series of Unmounted Cleaned Diatoms, at 3s. each, 12 tubes in each, Also above 50 Series of Mounted Slides, beautifully mounted on 3 X x Slips. The Mounted Slides are in Series of 12 for 5s. Also 15 Sfecial Series of Mounted Slides, 6 in each Series, at 4s. each. Also the two following Mew Series: _ 12 ANATOMICAT. Series 1.—5/-. 12 Slides. Tongue of Cat. Brain of Cat. | Liver of Man. Arm of Foetus. Kidney of Man. Lung rh = Peyer's Patches. Spleen, Monkey. Ear. Heart of Monkey. Small Intestines of Cat. Uterus, Human. 12 ANATOMICAL. Series 2.—5/-. 12 Slides. Colon of Cat. Testis hominis. Kidney of Pig; injected, 2 colours. Kidney of Rabbit, injected. Liver of Rabbit. Artery aorta. Bulb of Man. Liver of Rabbit, doubly injected. Ovary, Human. Stomach, Man, Medulla oblongata. Testis of Rat. Sole Agent: Wm, WEST, 15, Horton Lane, Bradford. SEND STAMP FOR CATALOGUE OF 40 PAGES. TO MUSEUMS AND PRIVATE COLLECTORS. W. K. MANN, NATURALIST, (ESTABLISHED 1868,) “WELLINGTON TERRACE, CLIFTON, BRISTOL, Has now for sale, at reduced prices, one of the largest and most authentic selections in this country of BIRDS’ EGGS, in Clutches and with Nest. BIRD SKINS. British and EXOTIO LEPIDOPTERA, and Insects generally. Splendid Stock. FOREIGN SHELLS, Natural History Books, CABINETS, and Apparatus. Selections of Shells and Insects, sent on approval. Special Offer.—Steel Egg Drill, Brass Blowpipe, and Egg Label List, post-free rs. NEW PRICE CATALOGUE FREE, POPULAR MICROSCOPE SLIDES. XCEPTIONAL VALUE. Well mounted objects for entertaining friends, etc., pretty and unscientific; also newest, rarest, and most brilliant polarising, price 5s. 6d. per dozen. Cash returned if not approved. Slides purchased if cheap. ‘Typical Slides for Botanical students. HENRY EBBAGE, FRAMLINGHAM, SUFFOLK. BEGAN ON JUNE Ist, 1890. “LE DIATOMISTE,” A Special Quarterly Paper about Diatoms, and all questions con- nected with them, with 14 to 18 pages of text and 2 or 3 plates in 4to. Edited by J. TemprERE, with the collaboration of MM. J. Brun, P. Bergon, P. T. Cleve, E. Dutertre, E. Grove, and Hi. Peragallo. Subscription for the year, \2s, Single Number, As. Subscriptions to be sent to Mr. J. TEMPERE, 168, Rue St. Antoine, Paris. Microscopic Preparations Illustrating the Minute Structure of Vegetable Life. READY ror MOUNTING, wit PLAIN INSTRUCTIONS. Being enclosed in a novel transparent envelope, these objects may be examined without removal before mounting. They are pre- pared with the utmost care, and are mostly ‘stained in one or two colours of the most permanent character. 24 for 3s. 6d.; 6forls.; post-free anywhere. List, One Stamp. — WALTER WHITE, LITCHAM, SWAFFHAM. : ESTABLISHED 7z8sr. BIRKBHCK BANK Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane. THREE per CENT. INTEREST allowed on DEPOSITS repayable on demand, TWO per CENT. on CURRENT ACCOUNTS, calculated on minimum monthly balances, when not drawn below £100. STOCKS, SHARES, and ANNUITIES purchased and sold. 4 SAVINGS DEPARTMENT. For the encouragement of Thrift the Bank receives small sums on deposit, and allows Interest, at the rate of THREE per CENT. per Annum on each completed 41. Accounts are balanced and Interest added on the 31st March annually. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager, OW TO PURCHASE A HOUSE FOR TWO GUINEAS PER MONTH, OR A PLOT OF LAND FOR FIVE SHILLINGS PER MONTH, with im- mediate possession. Apply at the Office of the BirKBECK FREEHOLD LanpD SOcIETY. The BIRKBECK ALMANACK, with full particulars, post free, on application. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. MINERALOGY, Choice Specimens and Collections for Museums, Students, and Prospectors. logues Free. SAMUEL HENSON, 97, REGENT STREET, LONDON, W. Established 1840. Lessons Given. Cata- ‘umbers for use by Bankers:—Barrel Pens, 25,226, 262. Slip Pens, 332, 909, 287, 166, 04. In fine, medium, and broad Points, HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSS/P. XXXIX CHATTO & WINDUSS NEW BOOKS. ST. KATHERINE’S BY THE TOWER. By Watrer Besant, Author of ‘ Children of Gibeon,”? &c. With 12 Illustrations by CHARLES GREEN. 3 vols., crown 8vo. [Shortly. A CHILD WIDOW. By Mrs. F. H. Wittiamson. 3 vols., crown 8vo. [Shortly. BELL BARRY. By R. AsHe Kine, Author of ‘‘ The Wearing of the Green,” &c. 2 vols., crown SUNNY STORIES, AND SOME SHADY ONES. By James Payn. With a Frontispiece by FRED. DREN Aro! Crown 8yo., cloth extra, 3s. 6d. (Shortly. THE GREAT TABOO. 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With Sketches. 1s. THE PARIS SALON (1891). With Sketches, 25; Boe NATIONAL SOCIETY OF FINE ARTS, PARIS (1891). With Sketches. Lonpon: CHATTO & WINDUS, 214, PICCADILLY, W. xl HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. GRESHAM ‘LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, I i ST. MILDRED’S HOUSE, POULTRY, LONDON, E.C. West End Branch: 2, WATERLOO PLACE, S.W. ASSETS EXCEES £4,450,000. ANNUAL INCOME EXCEEDS £800,000. Payments to Policy Holders exceed £9,250,000. NEW & SPECIAL FEATURE—MONTHLY PREMIUMS. SEE PROSPECTUS. | This Society offers unusual advantages to intending Assurers. Its | | Tables are popular and easily understood. Its Policies are amongst the | | most liberal offered to the Public, and are free from all unnecessary | | Restrictions. The Society is strong, is well and favourably known, deals | | liberally with its assured, is doing a large business, and fully merits the | confidence it enjoys. An examination of its publications, tables, and | | business methods is earnestly invited. Liberal terms will be given to energetic successful Agents. | THOS. G. ACKLAND, F.1.A., F.S.S., Actuary and Manager. JAMES H. SCOTT, F.S.S., Secretary. LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS, | ict pal ' ANA oe Sy | MONTHLY FOURPENCE. By Post, Fivepence. YY, AX SS 4] be ; % Q ZEAL S Nos. 1 to 228 ( —Nos. 229 to date, ence-Gossip: F Slonthly Medium of Interchange and Gossip FOR STUDENTS AND LOVERS OF NATURE. EDITED By J. E. TAYLOR, F.L.S., &c. Contents. The Shell-Colouring of Non- Marine Mollusca. Botanical Notes from Kemsing and its Neighbourhood. Our Lane.—J/lustrated. (Continued.) An Introduction to the Study of British Diptera.—(Continued.) Rossendale Rhizopods. No.3.— Lllustrated. Notes on New Books. A Scientific Plaint. The Geological History of the Thames Valley.—lVustrated. Science-Gossip. Microscopy. Zoology. Geology, &c. Notes and Queries. Notices to Correspondents. Botany. w excePtions) may be had, 8d. each. 4d. each: excepting Nos. for Feb. & Mar. 1884, Feb. 1885, Jan. 1888, Jan. 1890 (out of print). 318.—June, 1891. CHATTO AND WINDUS, PICCADILLY, LONDON, w. [Ad Rights Reserved.) " | | EPPS’S (2) COCOA. TR eS SS with fe xlii HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. MICROSCOPIC PREPARATIONS. FIRST-CLASS SPECIMENS, New anp RARE OBJECTS IN EVERY DEPARTMENT OF MICROSCOPY, LORD 8. G. OSBORNE’S DIATOMESCOPE, Post-free, 12s. The Phantom SBrmP» cepreted linearis, for Polariscope or Paraboloid. 1s. 6d., post free. See “Science Gossip,” Dee. 1890. Page 280.. ; The Sea-pen, Pennatula phosphorea, showin ali: I k entacles extended and surrounded with bundles: 8. Australia, Opaque. 1s. 2d., post-free. 3} of Spiculz, for Paraboloid. 1s. 6d., post-free. 12, VORLEY ROAD, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. SUL MEARS Waist THE AUS E. WIMBEIIEI) GEOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS. Comprising FOSSILS, MINERALS, and ROCKS, labelled with Name, Locality, and Geological Position, in Mahogany Cabinets. 100 Specimens, 25s. 200 Specimens, 30s. The best value obtainable. Micro-Sections of Rocks in great variety. Cabinets, Glass- Topped Boxes, and other Geological requisites. THOMAS D. RUSSELL, 78, NEWGATE STREET, E.C. SECOND-HAND MICROSCOPES AND OBJECTIVES. Binocular ‘‘ Popular” Microscope by R. and J. Beck, with }-in. and I-inch Object Glasses, Stand Condenser, and double Nose-piece, in Mahogany Case ; cost £15 3 price £8 Ios. CROUCH’S ‘‘ Student’s ” Binocular Microscope with best 3th Objective and a 1-in, ditto by Ross, in Mahogany Case; price 49. A bargain. Ross’ Five Guinea Dissecting Microscope with 3 Lenses, price £3 3s. BECK’s small Dissecting Microscope, as per Catalogue 32A., price £2. SANDS, HUNTER & Co., 20, CRANBOURN ST., LONDON, W.C. SYLLABUS of LECTURES EF R E D. - N O C K, FE, FE. S. “Something quite new.” BEGS TO INFORM HIS NUMEROUS joe es EB NOW ON ECONOMIC OPEN TO ENGAGEMENTS FOR EGGS OF PSOCUS ENTOMOLOGY, FOR POPULAR LECTURES 7 glemiaariol since mone. ON NATURAL HISTORY, fee PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED BY PHOTOGRAPHS OF INSECTS AND SITE FLY. x sit. READY “IN JUNE. ORIGINAL DRAWINGS, IN THE OXY-HYDROGEN LANTERN. Be Saat 1, PAROLLES ROAD, MIRANDA ROAD, LONDON, N. , HOW & Co. ’S LANTERN SLIDES FOR LECTURES, &e, GEOLOGICAL SERIES. NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION OF CATALOGUE NOW READY, POST-FREE ON APPLICATION. HOW’S MICROSCOPE LAMP. HOW’S POCKET MICROSCOPE LAMP. MICRO- PETROLOGY, TYPICAL ROCK SECTIONS, Is. 6d. each. JAMES BOW & co., io FARRINGDON STREET, LONDON. LECTURES ON PHYSICAL CGHOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, BOTANY, AND TO0LOGY. The Editor of SCIENCE-GOSSIP has Six Nights still open next Session to be engaged for EXTEMPORANEOUS LECTURES (well Illustrated with Diagrams) to Natural History, Literary, and Scientific Societies, &c. For ROTES, oo apply to ONG of pees Coes care ik Mee CHESS & WINDUS, 214, Piccadilly, London, W. | MICROSCOPES AND APPARATUS, “Ee NEW AND SECOND-HAND. SEND FOR LIST FREE BY POST. CHAS. COLLINS, OPTICIAN, 157, GREAT PORTLAND. STREET, LONDON, wW. MICROSCOPY.—MICRO-NATURAL HISTORY (ZOOLOGICAL AND BOTANICAL) AND THE ALLIED SCIENCES. | SFust Published, and will be sent Post Free for Two Stamps, W. P. COLLINS’s Mew Catalogue of Books (mostly Secondhand). | : Scientific Libraries Purchased and Books taken in Exchange. W. P. COLLINS, Science Bookseller, 157, Great Portland Street, London, W. ; HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. xliii WATKINS AND DONCASTER, Naturalists and Manufacturers of Entomological Apparatus and Cabinets. N.B.—For Excellence and Superiority of Cabinets and Apparatus, references are permitted to distinguished Patrons and Colleges, &c. Plain Ring Nets, Wire or Cane, including stick, 1/8, 2/-, 2/3. | T@ideumists Companion, Ae. a pocket leather ease, containing Holding Nets, 3/9 and 4/6. Scalpels, 1/3; Label Lists of Birds’ Eggs, -/3. mbrella Nets, 7/6 (self-acting). ; Scissors, per pair, 2/-. pocket Boxcs: ach cored oe ey 1/-, and 1/6. Coleopterist’s Collecting Bottle, with tube, 1/6, 1/8. es 4 Chin B OD ee zs a » of 2152 Botanical Cases, japanned, double tin, 1/6, 3/6, 4/6, 5/6. Aiea ip Boxes, 4 dozen, -/8. 1/10 per gross. k Botanical Paper, 1/1, 1/4, 1/9, and 2/2 per quire. ntomological Pins, mixed, 1/- per oz. (white or blac ). Insect Cases, imitation mahogany, 3/6 to z1/-. Susatine, raed ae ia he / Cement for replacing Antenne, -/6 per bottle. Mee De Hy Wie ee pe EY eye Forceps for removing Insects, 1/6, 2/- per pair. S 1t€ meseoyer Got Sagan: US 2) is DCL OZ Cabinet Cork, 7 X 34, best quality, 1/4 per dozen sheets. tore Boxes, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-) an Fe Pupa Diggers, 2/6. Insect Lens, 1/- to 8/6. Ditto, Book Pattern, 8/6, 9/6, and r0/6. : Glass Top Boxes. per dozen, 1/8, 2/-, 2/6. Setting Bee oe Or ey Laity ye SuED Ye ré-in., ie Glass-bottomed Boxes, per dozen, 1/9, 1/10, 2/-, 2/6. 2-in., -/10; 24-in., 1/-; 3-in., 1/2; 34-in., 1/4; 4-in., 1/6; = Sas 5 DED Ee 4h-in:, 1/7; 5-in., 1/8. Complete set of Yl boards, 10/6. Egg Drills, -/3, 1/-; Metal Blow-pipe, -/7. g Z : Setting Needles, 6d. per box. Pe CS ae ; corked back, r4/-. Our New Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin and “i English Names, 1/6. Our New Catalogue of British Lepido vs Breeding Cage, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, and 7/6. tera (every species numbered), r/-; or on one side for Labels, aps All Articles enumerated are kept in stock, and can be sent immediately on receipt of order. For Sale, a large Assortment of Healthy Pupz of both British and Foreign Butterflies and Moths. CABINETS. Special Show Room. The following are the prices of a few of smaller sizes: for measurements and larger sizes see Catalogue. Minerals and Dried Minerals and Dried Insect. Eggs. ‘plants, Fossils, &c. NEES Eggs: Plants, Fossils, &c. Aw Drawers 13/0) «lele L2/- aes) | LO/0 Sp rawersiceclye! 33/a\ eile O/m me (veer 25/~ 6 6 soao WO bob0 16/6 5060 Lye if) 56 sooo UNS edad HOE. Gooo EGF A LARGE STOCK OF INSECTS AND BIRDS’ EGGS. Birds, Mammals, &c., Preserved and Mounted by First-class workmen. 86, STRAND, W.C. (FIVE DOORS FROM CHARING CROSS). Post 8vo., cloth limp, 2s. 6d. each. NATURE NEAR LONDON. | THE LIFE OF THE FIELDS. | THE OPEN AIR. THE EULOGY OF RICHARD JEFFERIES. By Watter Besant. Second Edition. With a Photograph Portrait. Crown $8vo., cloth extra, 65. OSCoPrrCce SLIDES. CLEARANCE SALE OF 4,000 PREPARATIONS. PRICES REDUCED FROM FIFTY PER CENT. TO SEVENTY-FIVE PER CENT. RECENT TESTIMONIALS. ‘*Received Slides, which exceed my expectations as regards beauty, finish, distinctness, and value."—¥. B. Groom, Esg., St. Paul's Schools, Maidstone. *‘T must thank you for the very beautiful slides you have forwarded to me; they are extremely satisfactory, and leave nothing to be desired."—Leonard Stevensozt, Esq., People’s College Schools, Nottingham. ‘‘Your slides are excellent.”—Geo. ¥. Lee, Esg., F.R.M.S., Kimberley, South Africa. ‘The preparations have travelled safely, and are simply superb.” —4. de Sonza Guizmarvaens, Esq., 38, New Bridge Street, Ludgate. ‘Your work is a model of excellence, and I have some appreciation of the time, care, and skill required to produce such results."—Edward Gray, Esq¢., M.D., Benicia, Calzfornia, U.S. A. ‘Your preparations couid not be surpassed.” —Fokz Angus, Esg., National Bank of Scotland, Kirkcudbright. ‘‘ All the preparations are simply superb, and are most tastefully mounted. —Titeodore West, Esq. (Brother of TUFFEN WEST, Esq.), Dardizgtor. Set A, 24 Slides, Stained and Injected Preparations from Man and Pyzce. Set E, 24 Single and Double-Stained’ Preparations, illustrating the Prize. Tower Animals r - Bs 2 A E 15/- Growth and Physiology of Plants —- - 5 Pps 15/- Set B, 24 Slides do. do. do: 15/- Set G, 24 Slides, Miscellaneous, including six Sections of Echinii S c. Slia 2. d ay from the F R Spines, Double-Stained Plant Sections, choice -Carmine et C, 24 Slides, _ ee b ORS TAAL Injections, Polycistina, Foraminifera, Insects. This is an CGMEIR IAL OO Sane eg © es Oras Si; exceptionally choiceset . . AES Sie 4 - 17/6 ‘Set D, 24 Single and Double-Stained Preparations, illustrating the Set K, 30 Slides, carefully prepared Plant Secs., &c., illustrating Growth and Physiology of Plants 15/- Bower and Vines’ ‘‘ Practical Botany.” . 5 . . + 20/- Packed in Rackwood Boxes and sent Free by Parcel Post. Nearly all the above-named slides make charming Photo-Micrographs; and their exquisite beauty eminently adapts them for exhibition at Soirées and Parties, by means either of the Microscope or Lantern-Microscope. i z No slides will be sent on approval ; bt remittance will be returned zt full for slides which are not of the standard of excellence above defined. ARTHUR J. DOHERTY, 68, Burlington Street, Manchester. WALFORD’S WINDSOR PEERAGE, BARONETAGE, AND KNIGHTAGE (1891). Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 12s. 6d. WALFORD’S COUNTY FAMILIES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM (1891). Containing Notices of the Descent, Birth, Marriage, Education, &c., of more than 12,000 distinguished Heads of Families, their Heirs Apparent or Presumptive, the Offices they hold or have held, their Town and Country Addresses, Clubs, &c. Thirty-first Annual Edition. Royal 8vo., cloth gilt, sos. WALFORD’S COMPLETH PEERAGH, BARONETAGE, KNIGHTAGE, AND HOUSE OF COMMONS (2891). Royal 32mo., cloth extra, gilt edges, 5s. 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Lonpon: CHATTO & WINDUS,'2r14, PiccapiLty, W.! xliv HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP Sj #01: O10) Onn 0 2 0 0 000MM ° n CS naa i ee OES Lo] cS Sa mip a O a © + OHA Ball ae W Se See Ages aa sd i) Lal HH S . uu 25 Re} B (da) c> is 4 HO ia) =) Magy on te SLES2 8 Zo = a . 5 ety line te DIS leto] toitelh a . ° > 59 Ge = i =z rg ete 70) fae a Rai ai Bieaueste oz = mo DANES ox ¢ OF — Wd Sage — 9 872 56 8 Do x o8od o) o oe, Se ee SS hee ae el ome) OOO CES! At Herr onus Omen D5 Es 4e s Sof 8e5> cia So Bs Eee pa eR BRE soe sa esas || ae Sa QriMis voese ig nM Mouse ts A TD Ws ae eee See oem < pe esl Rae) Cte © 08s A < eal eH o ° oO on a= QR 5S s 2 ee 29 ne fet A) = PMP CQ) 34 “aM we tn gS -(8So-|| 8 ~ Sze a 2hs GOB lF BAG aw . | Gre eg gat aia ay ta os mae Une aero no & S ons Sy Sear ad 2 s Reo S208 Cele as 6 =OdD = te 0 6258 ea 3.2 6..8.8 88 my oa o om oS fens EB S SAS Fi 2539S 26 zs apa Ee SH BOY Se ee POEs Edee aa os 8 is a 8 Ses Ste eesA ae > (eat Sta ae em Exo® SUS SOS es: Sis = Cok M282 CO erste ~of ee SB ee ces, Pushed & .2a8 3° © © Se. 8250 Cf asta as Sa 8 2 FS SEE AOR 85 8SO aren > mAs nae 5 SOP meds, QO Ss az ge AsuE SOAs eso geo S3W ac 5 2 2228 2 Gees ra 2 "OR 4 s2U0u 6B 5 Lo Smee SES? ied ale a> ¢?2 3.86 BOR, ALORS ASo TS 26S a ogo SSE Bele te 2 eRe a 2 22 6 C8 Seen 82a 2seasCS Ms oa EX ee = Ss Ee e228 Boe fy 'S se < g 8 ge g2bsboukressef cee sll aser 25 SE fs Borst wea SH = BS eoBe ETS SeSRSo wl Smads || 4a Gon zoanwset © VF 88 4 mE Sa SOME RE REE 25 SSR OR 2 Solu msmsee S-sek ws = Vem eoeO an Sceogv sO Presa ss Oc Ovsse ese aS He So E — < Be Son Fee 8 8e SH ee eyo Rel OS = €co Sees ef ON so oO --— 2 @ 5's ie eee 8 Bn BB One go 8 cea Pel =o ee Sees Cao eae] eRe “as OE Vaisala cS <2 g 5 os qa Coe 3 He oS Ee, BETS OUSESS SEGA. Be a oes lea eee a 8 Zn 5 3 a8's 692 8f ac as's 6 Zz S - Gey S gM OTINS OAS RSNSNSGSS IQS || S = g3 les Zz On = &8R a mM laure Bale Ae & nnp>ln 1S) <0 ot <2 & cm Ca) NOW READY. Pp. xi. 361. Demy 8vo. With Two Plates and Sixty-five Woodcuts. Price 10s. TELESCOPIC WORK FOR STARLIGHT EVENINGS. By WILLIAM F. DENNING, F.R.A.S. (Formerly President of the Liverpool Astronomical Society.) TAYLOR & FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET, E.C. “THE: POCKET LIBRARY. Post 8vo., printed on laid paper and bound half-cloth, 25. each. The Essays of Elia. By Cuartes Lams. | The Rivals, The School for Scandal, Robinson Crusoe. Edited by foun Major. and other Plays by RICHARD BRINSLEY SHERIDAN. With 37 Illustrations by George Cruikshank. Gastronomy as a Fine Art. By Britiat- The Epicurean; and Alciphron. By | SAVARIN. Translated by R. E. ANDERSON, M.A. THoMAS MOORE. Whims and Oddities, By Txomas Hoon. | “ecdotes. of the~Clergy. 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Maintaining Policies in Force.—Reviving Lapsed Policies. Prompt Payment of Claims. APPLICATIONS FOR AGENCIES INVITED. OFFICES: CORNHILL AND CHARING CROSS. BROWNING’S PLATYSCOPIC LENS. A NEW ACHROMATIC COMBINATION, Combining the definition of a Microscope with the Portability of a Pocket Lens. “Tf you carry a small Platyscopic Pocket Lens (which every observer o Nature ought to do).”—GranT ALLEN in Knowledge. # The Platyscopic Lens is invaluable'to botanists, mineralogists, or entomologists, 4 as it focuses about three times as far from the object as the Coddington Lenses. This allows opaque objects to be examined easily. The Platyscopic Lens is made of four degrees of power, magnifying respectively, Io, 15, 20, and 30 diams. ; the lowest power, having the largest field, is the best’ adapted for general use. The Lenses are set in Ebonite Cells, and mounted in Tortoiseshell Frames. 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Are confidently recommended as a simple but certain Remedy for Indigestion, which is the cause of nearly all the diseases to which we are subject, being a medicine so uniformly grateful and beneficial, that it is with justice called the Natural Strengthener of the Human Stomach.” ‘‘Norton’s Pills” act as a powerful tonic and gentle: aperient ; are mild in their operation, safe under any circumstances, and thousands of persons can now bear testimony’ to the benefits to be derived from their use, as they have been a never-failing Family Friend for upwards of 50 years, Sold in Bottles at 1s. 13¢., 25. od., and 11s. each, in every Town in the Kingdom. CAUTION. Be sure to ask for “NORTON S PILLS,” and do not be persuated to purchase an imitation. xlvi fLARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSS/P. HERBERT FRY’S Royal Guide to the London Charities. Showing their Name, Date of Foundation, Objects, Income, Officials, &c. Edited by JOHN LANE. Published Annually. Crown 8vo., cloth, Is. 6d. CHATTO AND WINDUS, Piccadilly, W. nTHE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY’S GARDENS, Regent’s Park, are OPEN DAILY (except Sundays,) from Admission 1s.; on Mondays, 6d.; Children 9 A.M. till Sunset. always 6d. ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY'S GARDENS, REGENT’S PARK. GARDENS OPEN DAILY from 9 a.m. to Sunset. SUNDAYS from 2 p.m. to Sunset. Admission by Orders from Fellows of the Society only. ‘New and Interesting Species of Shells Frone Borneo, Lake Tanganyika, and the Philippine Islands. COLLECTIONS PURCHASED. SPECIMENS EXCHANGED. MANUFACTURER OF GLASS-TOPPED BOXES, &c. Foreign Correspondence Invited. HUGH FULTON, Dealer in Recent Shells, 89, MULHAM ROAD, LONDON, S.W. SLIDE CABINET. IXTEEN TRAYS, with RIMS and FLAPS, covered with enamelled paper, contained in strong cloth- covered wooden case. Holds 144 slides. Post-free, 4s. 6d. cC.H. H. WALKER, Maker of Micro. Specialities, 12, CHURCH STREET, LIVERPOOL. MASON’S LANTERN AND TABLE (Patent applied for.) MICROSCO PE. OR SCIENCE TEACHERS, LECTURERS, or PRIVATE EXHIBITIONS. The cheapest and most - effective instrument ever produced. See Scrence-Gossif, February 1891; English Mechanic, December sth, 1890. Full description :from R. G. MASON, Manufacturing Optician (from J. Swift), 69, Clapham Park Road, Clapham, S.W. Ss Louvres’ Ss SERIES OF MIIGROSCOPICAL OBJECES. Above 70 Series of Uzxzzounted Objects at 2s. each Series, ready for mounting. Also 12 Series of Unsounted Cleaned Diatoms, at 3s. each, 12 tubes in each. Also above 50 Series of Mounted Slides, ‘beautifully mounted on 3 X 1 Slips. The Mounted Slides are in “Series of 12 for 5s. Also 15 Special Series of Mounted Slides, 6 in each Series, at 4s. each. 12 ANATOMICAL. Series 1.—5/-. 12 Slides. Brain of Cat. | Kidney of Man.: Peyer's Patches. Small Intestines of Cat. 12 ANATOMICAL. Series 2.—0/-. 12 Slides. Kidney of Pig; injected, 2 colours. Kidney of Rabbit, injected. Liver of Rabbit. Artery aorta. Bulb of Man. Liver of Rabbit, doubly injected. Liver of Man. Lung . Spleen, Monkey. Uterus, Hunan. “ Tongue of Cat. Ann of Foetus. Ear 7 Heart of Monkey. Colon of Cat. Testis hominis. Ovary, Human. Stomach, Man. Medulla oblongata. Testis of Rat. Sole Agent: Wm, WEST, 15, Horton Lane, Bradford. Senp STAMP FOR CATALOGUE OF 40 PAGEs. TO MUSEUMS AND PRIVATE COLLECTORS. W. K. MANN, NATURALIST, (ESTABLISHED 1868,) WELLINGTON TERRACE, CLIFTON, BRISTOL, Has now for sale, at reduced prices, one of the largest and most authentic selections in this country of BIRDS’ EGGS, in Clutches and with Nest. BIRD SKINS. British and EXOTIC LEPIDOPTERA, and Insects generally. Splendid Stock. FORBIGN SHELLS, Natural History Books, CABINETS, and Apparatus. Selections of Shells and Insects, sent on approval. Special Offer.—Steel Egg Drill, Brass Blowpipe, and Egg ‘Label List, post-free 1s. NEW PRICE CATALOGUE FREE. THE GENTLEMAN’S MAGAZINE. ONE SHILLING MONTHLY, Or (including the ANNUAL) xr4s. per year post-free. 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APPLICATIONS FOR AGENCIES IN VIDED: LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS, - $$. $$ — iy r PENCE COS my a "Nos, 229 to date, 4a. each: ‘excepting Nos. for Feb. Co ONTHLY F OURPENCE. : Pe & Mar. 1884, Feb. 1885, Jan. 1888, Jan. 1890(out of print). _ By Post, Fivepence. « : ast f Ol No. 319.—July, 1891. @) G- ~- Mardwicke’s URAL Wi> i) 8 Science-Gossip: Monthly Medium of Irterchange and Gossip FOR STUDENTS AND LOVERS OF NATURE. EDITED BY J. E. TAYLOR, F.L.S., &c. Contents. Gums, Resins, and Balsams. An Introduction to the Study Note on Sirex Juvencus, of British Diptera,—//lustrated. : (Continued.} — a. H 3 Left Behind.—J/ustrate H ENGuASHecicslols Dasvdetes— Notes on New Books. Order Gastrotricha.—//ust. Two Views of the Weald. Science-Gossip. Notes on the Modifications of | Zoology. Botany. Roots. «= lllustrated. Geology, &c. Botanical Rambles Near Round- | Notes and Queries. stone, County Galway. Notices to Correspondents. PX CHATTO AND WINDUS, |@aeeeeg-O7y PICCADILLY, LONDON, W. << — ae) EPPS’S ( comorme ) COCOA. — . = cd eeantineatataitienee = Pisin ce "TAU Rights Reserved) hee Se ee FISHER'S GLADSTONE BAG *8228"" | S. FISHER, 188. STRAND, 1 HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIPF, MICROSCOPIC PREPARATIONS. FIRST-CLASS SPECIMENS, NEw AND RARE OBJECTS IN EVERY DEPARTMENT OF MICROSCOPY. LORD S. G. OSBORNE’S DIATOMESCOPE, Post-free, 12s. The Sea-Pen, Pennatula phosphorea, showing Tentacles extended and surrounded with bundles of Spicule, for Paraboloid. 1s.6d., post free. See “Science Gossip,’ June. Page 139. assent EARNEST HINTON, =8cisshignisent th, 12, VORLEY ROAD, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. (TWENTY YEARS WITH THE LATE E. WHEELER.) GEOLOGICAL CotLTLECcTrions. Comprising FOSSILS, MINERALS, and ROCKS, labelled with Name, Locality, and Geological Position, in Mahogany Cabinets, 100 Specimens, 25s. 200 Specimens, 30s. The best value obtainable. 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HISTORY. ee ae PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED BY PHOTOGRAPHS OF INSECTS AND SITE FLY. Lx situ. ORIGINAL DRAWINGS, IN THE OXY-HYDROGEN LANTERN. READY IN JUNE. 4 23., t-free. 7 11, PAROLLES ROAD, MIRANDA ROAD, LONDON, N. agian ‘HOW & CO’S LANTERN SLIDES FOR LECTURES, &c. GEOLOGICAL SERIES. NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION OF CATALOGUE NOW READY, POST-FREE ON APPLICATION. HOW’S MICROSCOPE LAMP. HOW’S POCKET MICROSCOPE LAMP. MICRO- PETROLOGY, TYPICAL ROCK SECTIONS, Is. 6d. each. J AVES BLOW, & CO., #3, FARRINGDON STREET, LONDON. LECTURES ON PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, BOTANY, AND ZOOLOGY. The Editor of SCIENCE-GOSSIP has Six Nights still open next Session to be engaged for EXTEMPORANEOUS LECTURES (well Illustrated with Diagrams) to : Natural History, Literary, and Scientific Societies, &c. For Terms, &c., apply to Editor of Science-Gossif, care of Messrs. CHATTO & WINDUS, 214, Piccadilly, London, W REPAIR DEPARTMENT. MICROSCOPES, TELESCOPES, OPERA and FIELD GLASSES, ANEROID and other BAROMETERS. Scientific Instruments. of every description put in WORKING order or MADE AS NEW, SPECTACLES can be sent by post and receive immediate: attention. Estimates sent. Apparatus Fitted. CHAS. COLLINS, OPTICIAN, 157, GREAT PORTLAND STREET, LONDON, W. (CorNER OF WeyMouTH STREET.) | MICROSCOPY.—MICRO-NATURAL HISTORY (ZOOLOGICAL AND BOTANICAL) AND THE ALLIED SCIENCES. SFust Published, and will be sent Post Free for Two Stamps, W. P.Coiuins’s New Catalogue of Books (mostly Secondhand). Scientific Libraries Purchased and Books taken in Exchange. W. P. COLLINS, Science Bookseller, 157, Great Portland Street, London, W. HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSTF. li WATKINS AND DONCASTER, Naturalists and Manufacturers of Entomological Apparatus and Cabinets N.B.—For Excellence and Superiority of Cabinets and Apparatus, references are permitted to distinguished Patrons and Colleges, &c. Plain Ring Nets, Wire or Cane. including stick, 1/8, 2/-, 2/3. dexideris hal companion, fe. packet thes ease, ) containing Holding Nets, 3/9 and 4/6. Scalpels, 1/3 ; Label Lists of Birds’ Eggs, -/3. Umbrella Nets, 7/6 (self-acting). Scissors, per pair, 2/-. pocket ei B 6; corked both Feet -/9, 1/-, and 1/6. Coleopterist’s Collecting Bottle, with tube, 1/6, 1/8. ae 4 ain B OxESs 49 1/-, 16, and 2/-. Botanical Cases, japanned, double tin, 1/6, 3/6, 4/6, 5/6. ested Chip Boxes, 4 dozen, -/ 1/to per gross. Botanical Paper, 1/1, 1/4, 1/9, and 2/2 per quire. Entomological Pins, mixed, 1/- per oz. (white or black). Insect! Cases; imitation mahogany, 3/6 to zx/-. pueatitg Mente, 2/6 © 10/6. Cement for replacing Antenne, -/6 per bottle. Mite Dee ay WH ees 1/6, 2/-. Forceps for removing Insects, 1/6, 2/- per pair. x ite Destroyer (mot Bae rous oo use), 1/- per oz. Cabinet Cork, 7 X 34, best quality, 1/4 per dozen sheets. tore Boxes, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, and 6/-. Pupa Diggers, 2/6. Insect Lens, 1/- to 8/6. Ditto, Book Pattern, 8/6, 9/6, and 10/6. Glass Top Boxes, per dozen, 1/8, 2/-) 2/6. Setting Boseey flat or Oa 1-in., Hee g ae in., 8 ; 14-in., Te > | Glass-bottomed Boxes, per dozen, 1/95 1/10, 2/-, 2/6. 2-in., -/10; 24-in., 1/-; 3-in., 1/2; a4-in., 1/4; 4-in., r i 7i 1/7; 5-in., 1/8. Complete set of Uk boards, 10/6. Egg Drills, -/3, 1/-; Metal Blow-pipe, -/7. Setting Needles, 6d. per box. Setting Houses, 9/6 and 11/65 corked back, 14/-. Our New Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin and Zinc Larva Boxes, -/9, 1 F English Names, 1/6. Our New Catalogue of British Lepido - Breeding Cage, 2/6, 4/-, s/s and 7/6. tera (every species numbered), 1/-; or on one side for Labels, ah: All Articles enumerated are kept in stock, and can be sent tmmediately on receipt of order. For Sale, a large Assortment of Healthy Pupz of both British and Foreign Butterflies and Moths. CABINETS. Seal Show Room. The following are the prices of a few of smaller sizes: for measurements and larger sizes see Catalogue. Minerals and Dried Minerals and Dried Insect. Eggs. Plants, Fossils, &c. Insect. Eggs. Plants, Fossils, &c. Ara wersil.sis\s 13/0) «ass I2/- se. 10/6 8 Drawers .... 33/= «0-2 30/- «-c- 25/- 6 33 sooo MHD cooa Us) bo00 15/- fa) S66n. CI c008 SOE) oo50 Cyc A LARGE STOCK OF INSECTS AND BIRDS’ EGGS. Birds, Mammats, &c., Preserved and Mounted by First-class workmen. 386, STRAND, W.C. (FiVE DOORS FROM CHARING CROSS). WORKS BY RICHARD JEFFERIES. Post 8vo.,.cloth limp, 2s. 6d. each. NATURE NEAR LONDON. | THE LIFE OF THE FIELDS. | THE OPEN AIR. THE EULOGY OF RICHARD JEFFERIES. By Watrer BESANT. Second Edition. With a Photograph Portrait. Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 6s, LONDON: CHATTO AND WINDUS, 214, PICCADILLY, W. ; NRETCHROSCOPIiC SLIDES. CLEARANCE SALE OF 4,000 PREPARATIONS. PRICES REDUCED FROM FIFTY PER CENT. TO SEVENTY-FIVE PER CENT. RECENT TESTIMONIALS. “‘Received Slides, which exceed my expectations as regards beauty, finish, distinctness, and value."—F. B. Groom, Esq., St. Paul's Schools, Maidstone. “*I must thank you for the very beautiful slides you have forwarded to me; they are extremely satisfactory, and leave nothing to be desired. "—Leonard Stevenson, £sq., People’s College Schools, Nottingham. “Your slides are excellent.”—Geo. F. Lee, Esq., FR. US, Kimberley, South Africa. ‘The preparations have travelled safely, and are simply superb.” —4. de Sonza Guimaraens, Esq., 38, New Bridge Street, Ludgate. ‘Your work is a model of excellence, and I have some appreciation of the time, care, and skill required to produce such results.”—EHdward Gray, Esq., M.D, Bentcia, California, U.S. A. ‘Your preparations could not be surpassed.”—Fokz Argus, Esg., National Bank of Scotland, Kirkcudbright. ‘All the preparations are simply superb, and are most tastefully mounted. —Tvheodore West, Esq. (Brother of TUFFEN WEST, Esq.), Darlington. Set A, 24 Slides, Stained and Injected Preparations from Man and Pyice. Set E, 24Single and Double-Stained Preparations, illustrating the Przce. Lower Animals . 0 6 D 4 = E ‘ 4 15/= Growth and Physiology of Plants 5 15/- Set B, 24 Slides do. do. do. 15/- Set G, 24 Slides, Miscellaneous, including six Sections of Echinii Set ro Slid f d d from the F R Spines, Double-Stained Plant Sections, choice Carmine Beau) o: BOs UGNNO meen CEG Injections, Polycistina, Foraminifera, Insects. This is an LemPOTArIG 6 15/- exceptionally choice set. 17/6 Set D, 24 Single and Double- Stained Erepereicns inustating the Set K, 30 Slides, carefully prepared Plant Secs., &c., llustrating Growth and Physiology of Plants O 15/- Bower and Vines’ ‘‘ Practical Botany.” . ° e . 2 20/ Packed in iRackwood “Boxes and sent Free by Parcel Post. Nearly all the above-named slides make charming Photo-Micrographs; and their exquisite beauty eminently adapts them for exhibition at Soirées and Parties, by means either of the Microscope or Lantern-Microscope. No slides will be sent on approval ; dz¢t remittance will be returned tn full for slides which are not of the standard of excellence above defined. ARTHUR J. DOHERTY, 63, Burlingto x “WORKS BY EDWARD WALFORD, M.A. WALFORD’S WINDSOR PHERAGEH, BARONETAGE, AND KNIGHTAGE (1891). Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 12s. 6d. WALFORD’S COUNTY FAMILIES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM (1891). Containing Notices of the Descent, Birth, Marriage, Education, &c., of more than 12,000 distinguished Heads of Families, their Heirs Apparent or Presumptive, the Offices they hold or have held, their Town and Country Addresses, Clubs, &c. Thirty-first Annual Edition. Royal 8vo., cloth gilt, 5 WALFORD’S COMPLETE PEERAGE, BARONETAGE, KNIGHTAGE, AND HOUSE OF COMMONS (2891). Royal 32mo., cloth extra, gilt edges, 55. Walford’s Shilling Peerage (1891). Containing an | Walford’s Shilling House of Commons (1891). Alphabetical List of the House of Lords, Dates of Creation, List of Scotch Containing a List of all the Members of Parliament, their Town and and Irish Peers, Addresses, &c. 32mo., cloth, 1s. Country Addresses, Clubs, &c. 32mo., cloth, rs. Walford’s Shilling Baronetage (1891). Containing | Walford’s Shilling Knightage (1891). Containing an Alphabetical List of the Baronets of the United Kingdom, short Bio- - an Alphabetical List of the Knights of the United Kingdom, short Bio- graphical Notices, Dates of Creation, Addresses, &c. 32mo., cloth, rs, graphical Notices, Dates of Creation, Addresses, &c. 32mo., cloth, 1s. Lonpon; CHATTO & WINDUS, 214, Piccapitty, W. — — HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP fo} Oo Oo = mg Re) © 0 0 C0000 oy; a wn > i isi ee 4 ro v Ly x 25 3 <2) gon mn a Oo a © + OHAHH ° ° WM 55 =) Ss 25 ss 2 Ae ida} eee) H H nA a) a> 22 -—Ss = 05 AB 3 a Ss =, (<>) SO of Ee es ee et es eee ns 6 || oo 6S O35 oa De ee Bae | a> SGI Ty OCH Bivia inven iS aus #egs oe ove wc PAN aS Og 3 os — 5 Sor 3 c x og Ele are 8 Be 2 a _ +> Ee fo? ee okie 8 8 OS Bea mec SMSHIS ss 18.88 BS —> Co bbe teddies ie eed si OG) Currey eye wai 3° 22 ODr Mme a gM bs i) ris oS WE S25 Z Ag an csWM = 2EOM=r Ses HOMzs as jaa eo Sl © 0-0. BROEO Ou-s Os Szeto See 5, PSN 8a me oe CS) 94 18H OF Gags «7 See.] 28 = 82 Se 8 SS 3ks Btls Bae Sq fe a OF ge (69) SSSR Bln see ee roincg no 03 eoZftocs 2 Se 2as=7,A Ae [eal % ¢o Ss c 8 8s BSoSo se s.9 5 dw 2 2AO —— Ce Os5ez5e$as pa lst » a Fomo.om wm = oO S225 l= OZ 25 3 E $5 Boe Sel BUD oP |g et PNG ates ORES mS 2a Sle pS EC G25O OA GS 80 ee ERS k ESE oe lM sos |S -Ag uo. Be se26H ae Aline ess A Shou, LC Svar iO. Uno mese og Ser ocaornm Oxerere ~o —_ @.8 “8 Se:S Sie =O innaeit ae ieee eu One = foie GS ics OckReea San (SS~ Bi ert TF betiy |S ceo! main ©. os Aaa G rag oa SiS Be of I les) Ca $4 4 22 Agus ;2A ZA ees eo esas im dp) is fama toe O pA se & 2 es) 5m onPSE a a0 uw oo — erty Persie wey = Sts €-§ 9 SShs Moshe see gaaea oa Size Ose Ba, fsemad ” = o Tey ST ts} AS eles eo a aio Rica ice “ ol ad i —" UO ie Hee TH 6% 2 oF wy POPE SEL alAosOs ‘5 tA ay —s $ a OOS) oo roe 3 OT as Sa E=. pan mn 52 3 hee . on “ SF £8 SERS Reeasest el gece || Be > 8 HS oO AF 8S MP be c oO {= _ SS aap a 4 12) fo] py un og oe eS nw Oy bu GOS o eNO. 8 Ze Se Oe <= 34° Sa 5S 035 -8eeso Sih ene se ae ca aaeaspa || S@ Getay teas =] Be ash 2 32 aM™ogsav EYL O'L'O eS Quo e 25 co) SSS Omese Fae (COL) SE S20LE Pl asses oGVov 0 Cagn” £.e n a 5 Fe ies a % CeSeEsorzso8 St a- ass ogo. 5’ a OS Es ws eo ay Ba zit Goon 3 eae One Cha SUS OG Ue. aes ee & Es om 425 OH = om 2 = n R a nnn iS) < ox <2 & & © Chu rch O Write for EES DEN ENO) Pamphlet a “Perfected” Pensions. * @nglan 1840. g A New System of Assurance | Assura mce pea Without Medical Examination. THE BEST PROVISION FOR OLD AGE. | LIFE rf rh stitutio th ‘ Seven Special Advantages. Apply for NEW Prospectus to the Very Moderate Rates. Head Office: 9 and 10, KING STREET, CHEAPSIDE, LONDON, E.C. The Catalogue of an Important SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY (PHYSIOLOGY, ANATOMY, MICROSCOPY, &c., &c.) is included in No. 504 (May 27th), of SOTHERAN’S PRICE CURRENT OF LITERATURE, Which contains in addition, many fine works in General Literature. A Copy post-free on application to— H. SOTHERAN AND CO., 136, STRAND, W.C.; or, 37, PICCADILLY, W., LONDON. THE CELEBRATED, EXTENSIVE, CHOICE, and VALUABLE | COLLECTION OF SHELLS Formed by the late Sir DAVID W. BARCLAY, Bart. R. J. C. STEVENS has been favoured with instructions to SELL BY AUCTION, at | his Great Rooms, 38, Kinc Street, Covenr Garpen, on Monday, July 6th, and Three following Days, at Half-past Twelve precisely each day, the extive, celebrated, extensive, and valuable Collection of SHELLS formed by the late Sir DAVID W. BARCLAY, Bart., together with the Cabinets and the Conchological Library. Without the least Reserve. The Collection contains nearly all the great rarities, and is especially rich in CORNIS, CYPREA, OLIVA, MITRA, STROMBUS, HELIX, and CYCLOSTOMA, &c., and ineludes many Type Specimens, some of which are unique. The late owner was for :pwards of half a century forming the above, during which period he was constantly acquiring the | best Specimens obtainable, and his undoubted good judgment enabled him to form the grand co lection (30,000 fine specimens), now offered for public competition. On view the Saturday prior, ro till 4, and mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had. | : N.B.—The entire Collection will be offered at this Sale, no Specimens having been disposed of privately. CADBURY’S COCOA ABSOLUTELY PURE, THEREFORE BEST. PRECAUTION.—Be careful to avoid highly-coloured FOREIGN preparations, sold as pure, which are! — adulterated with alkali. ‘This may be detected by the dark colour, and the scent when a tin is first opened, ry HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. iti THE LIVERPOOL AND LONDON & GLOBE INSURANCE COMPANY, ESTABLISHED 1836. Head Offices: 1, DALE STREET, LIVERPOOL—7, CORNHILL, LONDON. BRANCH OFFICES: Manchester, Leeds, Bristol, Birmingham, Edinburgh, Wewcastle-on-Tyne, Glasgow, and Dublin. a ae a a ere TU Total Invested Funds, £7,826,542, Total Claims paid exceed £25,500,000. FIRE INSURANCES EFFECTED ON THE MOST FAVOURABLE TERMS. LIFE DEPARTMENT. All descriptions of Life Insurance and Annuities at moderate rates. THE LARGE REVERSIONARY BONUS of 35/0 per cent. participating class has been declared at each valuation. The NEW CONDITIONS of Assurance give increased facilities for Residence, Travel, and Occu- pation. Maintaining Policies in Force.—Reviving Lapsed Policies. Prompt Payment of Claims. APPLICATIONS FOR AGENCIES INVITED. LONDON OFFICES: CORNHILL AND CHARING CROSS. ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPE With 3-inch Achromatic Object-Glass, of excellent quality, with Brass Body, one Terrestrial and two Celestial Eye-pieces, in Case complete. Guaranteed to be capable of dividing Double Stars, and showing Saturn’s Ring and Jupiter’s Belts. per annum on sums assured in the new AON nee OI rr PRICE £6 10s. eee Catalogue of Astronomical Telescopes sent free. JOHN BROWNING, 63, Strand, London, W.C. THE OLD DRAMATISTS. NO BELLADONNA NEEDED. PATENT Se re 0 reeemas: es SILVER SHSSCSCOCSSSSCSSOSCSE CURATIVE MEDAL Crown 8vo., cloth extra. Vignette Portraits. 6s. per Vol. S PEGTAC LES PARIS, i iti 1889, BEN JONSON’S WORKS. With Notes Critical and eRSON and a Biographical Memoir by WM. GIFFORD. FOR UNEASY SIGHTS. Edited by Colonel CUNNINGHAM. 3 Vols. MR. A, FOURNET a) CHAPMAN’S WORKS. Complete in Three Vols. | 18, Bentinck-St., Welbeck-St.,W. Ai Vol I. contains the Plays complete, including donbtful ones ; (HOURS 11 TILL 7.) A\ Vol. If., Poems and Minor Translations, with Introductory | EQ@NSULTATION FEE, 5s.¢& E by A. C. Swinpurne; Vol. III., Translations of the Sreerare Iliad and Odyssey. SPECTACLES, 7777" 7/6. A $ Morning Post.—‘* ‘Is bad sight +, Uh MARLOWE’S WORKS. Including his Transla- on the increase?’ is answered by Uff / S tions. Edited, with Notes and Introduction, by Colonel eee noua with much common YX CunninGHaM. 1 Vol. Homeopathic Review.—‘If you Wf \ need to see better, yet shrink from TH] MASSINGER’S PLAYS. From the Text of glasses, read A. Fournet’s Philoso- 3 hy of Sight.” Wic.1aM Girrorp. Edited by Colonel CUNNINGHAM. 1 Vol. | P Uegemna GarmEneyauithon) Fournet’s Refractometer. LONDON : CHATTO & WINDUS, 214, Piccadilly, W. Shown before Royal Institution. THERE BEST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION. TRADE NS wank. PILLS Are confidently recommended as a simple but certain Remedy for Indigestion, which is the cause of nearly all the diseases to which we are subject, being a medicine so uniformly grateful and beneficial, that it is with justice called the ‘‘Natural Strengthener of the Human Stomach.” ‘‘Norton’s Pills” act as a powerful tonic and gentle aperient ; are mild in their operation, safe under any circumstances, and thousands of persons can now bear testimony to the benefits to be derived from their use, as they have been a never-failing Family Friend for upwards of 50 years. *Sold in Bottles at 1s. 13¢., 25, 9d., and 115. each, in every Town in the Kingdom. CAUTION. Be sure to as fhor *“ NORTON S PILLS,” and do not be persuade! t) purchase an imitation. , ' & liv HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSITP. CATALOGUE OF ECOND-HAND BOOK S CO AND SUNDRY REMAINDERS OF S; NEW AND UNCUT BOOKS, (No. 78, for Fune.) AT GREATLY REDUCED PRICES, POST FREE. CONTAINS MANY BOOKS OF TRAVEL. WILLIAM POTTER, 30 Exchange Street East, Liverpool. ANTED—WORK in DISPLAYING SEA- WEEDS. Experienced in managing roughly dried Foreign varieties. Address— Miss YOUNG, Shortgate, near Hawkhurst, Kent. TTHE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY’S GARDENS, Regent’s Park, are OPEN DAILY (except Sundays,) from Admission 1s.; on Mondays, 6d.; Children 9 A.M. till Sunset. always 6d. New and Interesting Species of Shells From Borneo, Lake Tanganyika, and the Philippine Islands. COLLECTIONS PURCHASED. SPECIMENS EXCHANGED. MANUFACTURER OF GLASS-TOPPED BOXES, &c. Foreign Correspondence Invited. HUGH FULTON, Dealer in Recent Shells, 89, FULHAM ROAD, LONDON, S.W. MASON’S LANTERN AND TABLE (Paterit applied for.) MICROSCOPE. OR SCIENCE TEACHERS, LECTURERS, or PRIVATE EXHIBITIONS. The cheapest and most effective instrument ever produced. See Sczence-Gossip, February 1891; English Mechanic, December 5th, 1890. Full description from R. G. MASON, Manufacturing Optician (from J. Swift), 69, Clapham Park Road, Clapham, S.W. s. LOouis’s SERIES OF MWIGROSCOPICAL OBJECES. OD Dems Above 70 Series of Unmounted Objects at 2s. each Series, ready for mounting. Also 12 Series of Unmounted Cleaned Diatoms, at 3s. each, 12 tubes in each. Also above 50 Series of Mounted Slides, beautifully mounted on 3 Xz Slips. The Mounted Slides are in Series of 12 for 5s. Also 15 Sfecial Series of Mounted Slides, 6 in each Series, at 4s. each. 12 ANATOMICAL. Series 1.—5/-. 12 Slides. Brain of Cat. | Liver of Man. Kidney of Man. Lung af Peyer's Patches. Spleen, Monkey, Small Intestines of Cat, Uterus, Human. 12 ANATOMICAL. Series 2.—5/-. 12 Slides. Tongue of Cat. Arm of Foetus. Ear ” Heart of Monkey. Colon of Cat. Kidney of Pig; injected, 2 colours. Testis hominis. Kidney of Rabbit, injected. Ovary, Human. Liver of Rabbit. Stomach, Man. Artery aorta. Bulb of Man. Medulla oblongata. u if Liver of Rabbit, doubly injected. Testis of Rat. Sole Agent: Wm. WEST, 15, Horton Lane, Bradford. SEND STAMP FOR CATALOGUE OF 4o PAGES. TO MUSEUMS AND PRIVATE COLLECTORS. W. K. MANN, NATURALIST, (ESTABLISHED 1868,) WELLINGTON TERRACE, CLIFTON, BRISTOL, Fas now for sale, at reduced prices, one of the largest and most authentic selections in this country of BIRDS’ EGGS, in Clutches and with Nest. BIRD SKINS. British and BKOTIC LEPIDOPTERA, and Insects generally. Splendid Stock. FOREIGN SHELLS, Natural History Books, CABINETS, and Apparatus. Selections of Shells and Insects, sent on approval. Special Offer.—Steel Egg Drill, Brass Blowpipe, and Egg Label List, post-free rs. NEW PRICE CATALOGUE FREE. POPULAR MICROSCOPE SLIDES. Price 53. 6d. per dozen. Cash returned of not approved. XCEPTIONAL VALUE. Well mounted Objects for entertaining friends, etc., pretty and unscientific ; also new, rare, and brilliant poiarising. New List Ready. TypicAL Stipes FoR BoTANICAL STUDENTS. HENRY EBBAGE, FRAMLINGHAM, SUFFOLK. EXTRACT FROM “LE DIATOMISTE.” A FEW SPARE COPIES OF A Monograph of the Genus Pleurosigma, and Allied Genera, by Mr. H. PERAGALLO. 40 pages with 10 plates, post-free, 12s. Gd. (With Coloured Plates, 15s.) Can be obtained of Mr. J. TEMPERE, Editor of “Le Diatomiste,” 168 Rue St. Antoine, Paris. Microscopic Preparations Illustrating the Minute Structure of Vegetable Life. READY ror MOUNTING, wit PLAIN INSTRUCTIONS. Being enclosed in a novel transparent envelope, these objects may be examined without removal before mounting. They are pre- pared with the utmost care, and are mostly stained in one or two colours of the most permanent character. 24 for 3s. 6d.; 6forls.; post-free anywhere. List, One Stamp. See WALTER WHITE, LITCHAM, SWAFFHAM. ESTABLISHED 12851. BIRKBECK BANK Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane. THREE per CENT. INTEREST allowed on DEPOSITS repayable on demand. TWO per CENT. on CURRENT ACCOUNTS, calculated on minimum monthly balances, when not drawn below £ 100. STOCKS, SHARES, and ANNUITIES purchased and sold. | SAVINGS DEPARTMENT. For the encouragement of Thrift the Bank receives small sums on deposit, and allows Interest, at the rate of THREE per CENT. per Annum on each completed 41. Accounts are balanced and interest added on the 31st March annually. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. OW TO PURCHASE A HOUSE FOR TWO GUINEAS PER MONTH, OR A PLOT OF LAND FOR FIVE SHILLINGS PER MONTH, with im- mediate possession. Apply at the Office of the BirKBEcK FREEHOLD LAND SOCIETY. The BIRKBECK ALMANACK, with full particulars, post free, on application. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. MINERALOGY, Choice Specimens and Collections for Museums, Students, and Prospectors. Lessons Given. Cata- logues Free. SAMUEL HENSON, 97, REGENT STREET, LONDON, W. Established 1840. ew) 25, 226, 262. Slip Pens, 332, 909, 287, 166, 04. Infine, medium, and broad Points, HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. lv CHATTO & WINDUSS NEW BOOKS. NEW NOVELS AT ALL LIBRARIES. ST. KATHERINE’S BY THE TOWER. By Wa ter Besant, Author of ‘ All Sorts and Conditions of Men,” &c. With 12 Illustrations by CHARLES GREEN. 3 vols., crown 8vo. “St. Katherine’s by the Tower’ is as good a story as Mr. Besant has written, and shows his characteristic gifts at their best. .... It is admirable work throughout, and the story soon takes a strong hold upon one’s interest, and maintains it to the end.” —Scotsman. BELL BARRY. By R. AsHe Kine, Author of ‘‘ The Wearing of the Green,” &c. 2 vols., crown 8vo. oe Bright and pungent narrative, a fine sense of humour, animated dialogue, and living and lovable characters. . .. . Altogether ‘ Bell Barry’ is a novel of unusual and, in some points, powerful interest.” —/7eeman’s Fournal. A CHILD WIDOW. By Mrs. F. H. Wittiamson. 3 vols., crown 8vo. “Tt is very refreshing to the jaded reviewer to come across a novel like this. Mrs. Wiiliamson can write English; she can paint character; and she can construct a plot... . . There is not a lay-figure in the book. Mrs. Williamson’s style is always eloquent, often pathetic, and invariably in good taste. .... The book is distinctly a book to be read.” —Vanzity Fair. NEW THREE-AND-SIXPENNY NOVELS. MY SHIPMATE LOUISE. By W. Crark RussELL. “« One of the best stories Mr. Clark Russell has ever written; its interest is never for a moment allowed to flag.”—Leeds Mercury. SUNNY STORIES, AND SOME SHADY ONES. By James Payn. With a Frontispiece by FRED BARNARD. ** An excellent book.” —Glasgow Herald. THE HOLY ROSE. By Watter Besant. With a Frontispiece by Fred Barnard. “ A delightful volume.” —Glasgow Citizen. THE WONDERFUL ADVENTURES OF PHRA THE PHENICIAN. By Epwin Lester ARNOLD. With 12 Illustrations by H. M. Pacer. “* An admirable piece of work.” —Academy. THE WORD AND THE WILL. By James Payn. ** A story which is filled with all Mr. Payn’s skill in construction and felicity of touch. A field of observation which is all sunshine of humour and flowers of fancy.”—Daily News. THE FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH: A Novel of Adventure. By Erasmus Dawson, M.B. Edited by Paul Devon. With 2 Illustrations, [Shortly. “BAIL UP!” A Romance of Bushrangers and Blacks. By Hume Nisper. With Frontis- piece and Vignette. Fourth Edition. “© Bail Up!’ is quite the best book of its kind that has been published during the last year or two.” —Academy. THE LOST HEIRESS. By Ernest Gianvitte. With Frontispiece and Vignette by Hume Nisser. i : ‘Wealth of stirring incident and strong situations. The book is enjoyable and stimulating.” —Scofswzan. A FELLOW OF TRINITY. By Avan Sr. Aupyn. With a note by Oliver Wendell Holmes, and a Frontispiece. “ To say that this book is fascinating would be but poor praise. It is a drama of real life, in which every person, and his every speech and action, is palpitating with intense and reallife.”—Whitehall Review. THE BISHOPS’ BIBLE. By D. Curistie Murray and Henry HERMAN, “« An ingenious and touching story, and well told. a is full of good characters.” — World. WITHOUT LOVE OR LICENCE. By Haw tey Smarr. “ Readers who like a strong plot, united to vivacity of style, need not desire anything better.”—Morning Post. NEW TWO-SHILLING NOVELS. Those marked * may also be had in cloth limp, at 2s. 6d. *FOR FAITH AND FREEDOM.| *THE LEGACY OF CAIN. By) PAUL JONES’S ALIAS. By CuristTIE By WALTER BESANT. WILKIE CoLtins. Murray and H. Herman. *BROOKE FINCHLEY’S DAUGHTER | THE MAN FROM MANCHESTER. A LAST LOVE. By Grorces By Mary ALBERT. [Shortly. By Dick Donovan. OHNET. THE TENTS OF SHEM. By Gravr | THE LAWTON GIRL. By Hanotv| gyttpERoy By Olin ALLEN. FREDERIC. . o *BETWEEN LIFE AND DEATH. | A NOBLE WOMAN. By HENrRy _AN OCEAN TRAGEDY. By W. és By FRANK BARRETT. GREVILLE. CLARK RUSSELL. FOR THE LOVE OF A LASS.| SOWING THE WIND. By E. »qNKLETOP's CRIME. By G. R. y AusTIN CLARE. Lynn LiInToN Sire. *BLIND LOVE, By WILKIE | THE DEAD MAN'S SECRET. By Cortins. J. E. Muppock. HOODWINKED. By T. W. Speicur. SIX-SHILLING BOOKS. EDNOR WHITLOCK: A Novel. By Hucu MacCo11, Author of “ Mr. Stranger’s Sealed Packet.” Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 6s. “The book is a vigorous one, and well worth study.” —Spectator. SHLECTIONS FROM THE WORKS OF CHARLES READE. With an Intro- duction by Mrs. ALEXANDER IRELAND, and a Steel-Plate Portrait. Crown 8vo. buckram, 6s. ““Decidedly a happy thought. .... Every phase of Reade’s literary work is, we think, adequately represented.”—Leeds Mercury. NEW BOOK BY THE AUTHOR OF “A SOCIAL DEPARTURE.” AN AMERICAN GIRL IN LONDON. By Sara Jeannetre Duncan, Author of “ A Social Departure.” With 80 Illustrations by F. H. Townsenp. Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 7s. 6d. “Tt is a brilliant book, and deserves to be read widely.” —Spectator. HENRY HERMAN’S NEW BOOK. A LEADING LADY: A Story of the Stage. 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Specimen Tube, 1s., post-free. List FREE. THOMAS E. BOLTON, Far.tey Roap, MALVERN LINK, (Formerly of Birminghant.) STENTOR HE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY’S GARDENS, Regent’s Park, are OPEN DAILY (except Sundays,) froin 9 A.M. till Sunset. Admission ts.; on Mondays, 6d.; Children always 6d. New and Interesting Species of Shells From Borneo, Lake Tanganyika, and the Philippine Islands. COLLECTIONS PURCHASED. SPECIMENS EXCHANGED. MANUFACTURER OF GLASS-TOPPED BOXES, &c. Foreign Correspondence Invited. HUGH FULTON, Dealer in Recent Shells, oy FULHAM ROAD, LONDON, S.W. MASON’S LANTERN AND TABLE (Patent applied for.) MiCROSCO PE. OR SCIENCE TEACHERS, LECTURERS, or PRIVATE EXHIBITIONS. The cheapest and most effective instrument ever produced. See Scrence-Gossip, February 1891; English Mechanic, December sth, 1890. Full description from R. G. MASON, Manufacturing Optician (from J. Swift), 69, OR nnn Park Road, Clapham, S.W. Ss. LOours’s SERIES OF MIGROSCOPICAL OBJECIS. OO II PADI em Above 70 Series of Unmounted Objects at 2s. each Series, ready for mounting. Also 12 Series of Unmounted Cleaned Diatoms, at 8s. each, 12 tubes in each. Also above 50 Series of Mounted Slides, beautifully mounted on 3 X 1 Slips. The Mounted Slides are in Series of 12 for 5s. Also 15 Sfecial Series of Mounted Slides, 6 in each Series, at 4s. each. 12 ANATOMICAL. Series 1.—5/-. 12 Slides. Tongue of Cat. Brain of Cat. | Liver of Man. Arm’ of Foetus, Kidney of Man. Lung Peyer's Patches. Spleen, Monkey. Small Intestines of Cat. Benet of Monkey. Uterus, Human. 12 ANATOMICAL. Series 2.—5/-. 12 Slides. Kidney of Pig; injected, 2 colours. Kidney of Rabbit, injected. Liver of Rabbit. Artery aorta. Bulb of Man. Liver of Rabbit, doubly injected. Sole Agent: Wm. WEST, 15, Horton Lane, Bradford. Sznp STAMP FOR CATALOGUE OF 40 PAGES. Colon of Cat. Testis hominis. Ovary, Human. Stomach, Man. Medulla oblongata. Testis of Rat. TO MUSEUMS AND PRIVATE COLLECTORS. W. K. MANN, NATURALIST, (ESTABLISHED 1868,) ‘WELLINGTON TERRACE, CLIFTON, BRISTOL, Has now for sale, at reduced prices, one of the largest and most authentic selections in this country of BIRDS’ EGGS, in Clutches and with Nest. BIRD SKINS. British and EXOTIC LEPIDOPTERA, and Insects. generally. Splendid Stock. FOREIGN SHELLS, Natural History Books, CABINETS, and Apparatus. Selections of Shells and Insects, sent on approval. Special Offer.—Steel Egg Drill, Brass Blowpipe, and Egg Label List, post-free rs. NEW PRICE CATALOGUE FREE. POPULAR MICROSCOPE SLIDES. Price 58. 60. per dozen. Cash returned if not approved. [{XCEPTIONAL VALUE. Well mounted Objects for entertaining friends, etc., pretty and unscientific ; also new, rare, and brilliant polarising. New List Ready. TyeicaAL Siipes rok, BOTANICAL STUDENTS. _ HENRY EBBAGE, FRAMLINGHAM, SUFFOLK. EXTRACT FROM “LE DIATOMISTE.” A FEW SPARE COPIES OF A Monograph of the Genus Pleurosigma, and Allied Genera, by Mr. H. 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The White Flower Question. oc The Standing Stones and Dol- | Science-Gossip. Lu mens of Carnac.—//lustrated. Microscopy. - Oo A Reticulated Amoeba (S20 yaa| Zoology. L. Vagans).—Illustrated. Botany. x Natural History Notes.—(Coxt.) | Notes and Queries. ce = The Luminosity of Plants. Notices to Correspondents. (oe) oO mc ~~” CHATTO PICCADILLY, LONDON, W. zo ieee [A@ Rights Reserved] Ire em Ixvi HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIF. MICROSCOPIC PREPARATIONS. FIRST-CLASS SPECIMENS, NEw AND RARE OBJECTS IN EVERY DEPARTMENT OF MICROSCOPY. LORD 8S. G. OSBORNE’S DIATOMESCOPE, Post-free, 12s. The Sea-Pen, Pennatula BROS DnoLees ShOwIne: Tentacles extended and surrounded yt undies of Spiculee, for Paraboloid. 1s. ,» post free. See “Science Gossip,” June. Diatomacez from Sozodont Tooth erroneous tar ie ee ERN EST HI NTON, Powder, mounted in Styrax. 1s. 20, 12, VORLEY ROAD, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. (TWENTY YEARS WITH THE LATE E. WHEELER.) GEOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS. 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By 69 SORgk Sa gua ars 3 SFP SSS S eee Ges BER a $28. .8.8 RS mp ees se wees || Be SS Se Som 8 Sl boo 25 2508 2 > CRS Biecungere: Grea ef hog -fartes a eile i) pee) wae $8 i SO 67. 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CHATTO AND WINDUS, LONDON : 214, Piccadilly, W LONDON : PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS, Ee [= Le ee Face NOBSL ew excePtl ‘may be ach, 5 Leyee 229 to Nata. 4d. each: axeesenee Nos. aa Feb. ‘MONTHLY FOURPENCE. oe" soe & Mar. 1884, Feb. 1885, Jan. 1888, Jan. 1890(out of print), By Post, Fivepence. » eras No. cee —Oct. 1891. ~sS$lardwicke’s She Science: Gossip: ViZ bu Monthly Medium of Irterchange and Gossip FOR STUDENTS AND LOVERS OF NATURE. COCOA. D C2 EDITED BY J. E. TAYLOR, F.L.S., &c. aie Contents. ro} Notes for Winter Work. Rossendale Rhizopods. No. 5. —_I Zz Natural History Notes.—/Cout.) —Mlustrated. (Continued.) >= The Migration of Butterflies, | The Wolf and the Lapps in = Jamaica. | Swedish Lavland, and Inci- be tea eaes | dentally in Other Parts. LJ a af AENG | Science-Gossip. y Notes on the Flora of Beran | Zool a! - © ‘ _ Burrows, North Dev |) OIE Ra Egypt and Guiana. eer ey: | Botany. F fam = The Orchard Oriole of the | Notes and Queries. United States. | Notices to Correspondents. 'e) Oo ~” CHATTO AND WINDUS, Ve PICCADILLY, LONDON, W. aes — ey ERP 5S.sS [422 Rights Reserved.) Ixxiv HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. MICROSCOPIC PREPARATIONS. FIRST-CLASS SPECIMENS, NEw AnD RARE OBJECTS IN EVERY DEPARTMENT OF MICROSCOPY. LORD 8S. G. OSBORNE’S DIATOMESCOPE, Post-free, 12s. The Sea-Pen, Pennatula pbospborer, showing: Tentacles extended and surrounded with bundles of Spiculez, for Paraboloid. . 6d., post free. See “Science Gossip,” June. Page 139. Himes ERNEST HINTO N, Sten ti ba"post-kes 12, VORLEY ROAD, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. (TWENTY YEARS WITH THE LATE E. WHEELER.) GEOLOGICAL CoLLECcrTrrions. Comprising FOSSILS, MINERALS, and ROCKS, labelled with Name, Locality, and Geological Position, in Mahogany Cabinets. 100 Specimens, 258s. 200 Specimens, 50s. The best value obtainable. Micro-Sections of Rocks in great variety. Cabinets, Glass-Topped Boxes, and other Geological requisites. THOMAS D. RUSSELL, 78, NEWGATE STREET, E.C. SECOND-HAND MICROSCOPES AND OBJECTIVES. Binocular ‘‘ Popular” Microscope by R. and J. Breck, with 4-in. and I-inch Object Glasses, Stand Condenser, and double Nose-piece, in Mahogany Case ; cost £15; price £8 10s. CRoucH’s ‘ Student’s ” Binocular Microscope with best jth Objective and a I-in. ditto by Ross, in Mahogany Case; price £9. A bargain. Ross’ Five Guinea Dissecting Microscope with 3 Lenres) pce 43 35 BECK’s small Discrung Microscope, as per Catalogue 32A., price SANDS, HUNTER & Co., 20, CRANBOURN ST., LONDON, W.C. SIX - Se Eee E R E. D . E N O C K, F, E . S ay “Something quite new.” (DyspERA ERYTHRINA.) BEGS TO INFORM HIS NUMEROUS PATRONS THAT HE IS NOW P \ Brilliant Opaque Objects, OPEN TO ENGAGEMENTS FOR BESO YE ESTAS | ee, POPULAR: LECTURES nina: (Formica TaN O N N AT U RA L H | STO R Y, SHOWING THE eet SITIC FLY. J situ. For Paraboloid, 2s., post-free. PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED BY PHOTOGRAPHS OF INSECTS AND SYLLABUS OF ORIGINAL DRAWINGS, IN THE OXY-HYDROGEN LANTERN. Bunce Fas LECTURES, post-free. 11, PAROLLES ROAD, MIRANDA ROAD, LONDON, N. HOW & CO’S LANTERN SLIDES FOR LECTURES, &c. GEOLOGICAL SERIES. NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION OF CATALOGUE NOW READY, POST-FREE ON APPLICATION. LJ HOW’S MICROSCOPE LAMP. HOW’S POCKET MICROSCOPE LAMP. MICRO- PETROLOGY, TYPICAL ROCK SECTIONS, ls. 6d. each. JAMES HOW & CO., 73, FARRINGDON STREET, LONDON. LECTURES ON PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, BOTANY, AND ZOOLOGY. The Editor of SCIENCE-GOSSIP has Six Nights still open next Session to be engaged for EXTEMPORANEOUS LECTURES (well. Illustrated with Diagrams) to Natural History, Literary, and Scientific Societies, &c. For Terms, &c., apply to Editor of Sczevce-Gossif, care of Messrs. CHATTO & WINDUS, 214, Piccadilly, London, W PODURA SCALES. | MICROSCOPIC OBJECTS for MOUNTING. Nine doubly stained Botanical or 18 Miscellaneous, 1s. 1d. per Series, post-freee GUARANTEED QUALITY. All beginners should read the New Pamphlet, A few choice Specimens for Sale, opbh Sou Caer PRACTICAL HINTS ON MICROSCOPIC MOUNTING, r 6d., post-free. List of Objects One Stamp. R. and J. BECK, 68, Cornhill, E.C. R. G. MASON, €9, Clapham Park Road, London, S.W. REPAIR DEPARTMENT. MICROSCOPES, TELESCOPES, OPERA and FIELD GLASSES, ANEROID and other BAROMETERS. Scientific Instruments. of every description put in WORKING order or MADE AS NEW, SPECTACLES can be sent by post and receive immediate- attention. Estimates sent. Apparatus Fitted. CHAS. COLLINS, OPTICIAN, 157, GREAT PORTLAND STREET, LONDON, W. (CoRNER OF WEYMOUTH STREET.) HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSTP. ' Ixxv WATKINS AND DONCASTER, Naturalists and Manufacturers of Entomological Apparatus and Cabinets. N.B.—For Excellence and Superiority of Cabinets and Apparatus, references are permitted to distinguished Patrons and Colleges, &¢. Plain Ring Nets Wire of Cane, including stick, 1/8 2/a/. | Taxilerbets Companion, Zc. pocket leather ease, containing olding Nets, 3/9 and 4/6. Z y sis «ay eres Umbrella Nets, 7/6 (self-acting). ecalpels; ae Sees OBIE TS : R a i 2 , 2/-. ache Boxes, B 6 ie sanpaceye ear pas , and 1/6. Coleopterist’s Collecting Bottle, with tube, 1/6, 1/8. Nested CiiniBaees oe Goer /8 2 VPRO Der gross Botanical Cases, japanned, double tin, 1/6, 3/6, 4/6, 5/6. 2 ? OD “ i Entomological Pins, mixed, 2/- per oz. (white or black). Pe ne et oe ee Sees Panter, 2/6 te ee / Cement for replacing Antenne, -/6 per bottle. Mee ees Pe ‘ ae Des ates ase) nf areaee Forceps for removing Insects, 1/6, 2/- per pair. Store Bere /6 Mae ef and Gas Das Cabinet Cork, 7 X 3%, best quality, 1/4 per dozen sheets. DieEeS » 2/0, 4/-, 5/-, an o Pupa Diggers, 2/6. Insect Lens, 1/- to 8/6. itto, Book Pattern, 8/6, 9/6, and 10/6. 0 Glass Top Boxes, per dozen, 1/8, 2/-, 2/6. Setting Eeyae a os ore ay pe ue ee rein, Wee Glass-bottomed Boxes, per dozen, 1/9, 1/10, 2/-, 2/6. 2-in., -/10; 2t-in., r/-; 3-in., 1/2; 3¢-in., 1/4; 4-in., 1/6; Tee EON qa 4t-in., 1/7; 5-in., 1/8. Complete set of 14 boards, 10/6. He Bei Saie ail ya yo uctali BlOwDIne>)=/7- ; : Setting Needles, 6d. per box. en here ep ; corked back, 14/-. Our New Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin and A English Names, 1/6. Our New Catalogue of British Lepidop- Breeding Cage, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, and 7/6. tera (every species numbered), 1/-; or on one side for Labels, ay All Articles enumerated are kept in stock, and can be sent immediately on receipt of order. For Sale, a large Assortment of Healthy Pupz of both British and Foreign Butterflies and Moths. CABINETS. Seal Show Room. The following are the prices of a few of smaller sizes: for measurements and larger sizes see Catalogue. = Minerals and Dried Minerals and Dried Insect. Eggs. Plants, Fossils, &c. Insect. Eggs. Plants, inossiss &e. 4. IDRIS cooa 1S oooo UAE = o000 | Les 3} IDRIS oon BEYA boon See coon Lye ©. » weve 17/6 «10+ 16/6 +... 15/- IO As so50 CUBIS cnaoGO/S soso: CRS A LARGE STOCK OF INSECTS AND BIRDS’ EGGS. Birds, Mammats, &¢., Preserved and Mounted by First-class workmen. 86, STRAND, W.C. (FIVE DOORS FROM CHARING CROSS). WORKS BY DR. J. E. TAYLOR, F.L.S. Epitor oF Science-Gossip. THE SAGACITY AND ‘MORALITY OF PLANTS: A Sketch of the Life and Conduct of the Vegetable Kingdom. With a Coloured Frontispiece and roo Illustrations. Crown 8vo., cloth extra, '7s. 6d. OUR COMMON BRITISH FOSSILS, and Where to Find Them. With 331 Illustrations. Crown 8vo., cloth extra, '7s. 6d. THE PLAYTIME NATURALIST. With 366 Illustrations. Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 5s. Lonpon: CHATTO & WINDUS, 214, PICCADILLY, W. Works by Dr. ANDREW WILSON, F.R.S.E. CHAPTERS ON EVOLUTION. With 259 Illustrations. Crown 8vo., cloth extra. 75. 6d. LEAVES FROM A NATURALIST’S NOTE-BOOK. Post 8vo., cloth limp. 2s. 6d. 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Lonpon: CHATTO &3SWINDUS,*214, PiccapiLty, W. lxxvi HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. aS S105, o'o! fo NS © 0 0 00000 = mS gn mw Qa © a No} + Quriicienr Oo e- ; ( gue jaa oe ¢ felt Shi tent >on gy SE poy eae 6.0.03 | ga hoe a on = seas CFs eee Ga RUAN Sree en 5 = So, Gh 2 gyok SSS 7STOR DEL pad ; Seno aur rs H eS $2 se -e8- seu. SHas shia es Bog + el gem Bea ye Bois 4 SP ASAS “9h sQe9u yy BS Qe SS 0 Se at role OR eres ieerocuo tone Ou 6.88 ey wig h, uloBlase oS25 = [aii } os ON Dies} ° bury ber} foe Os Bao cee s VOSS n2 9S ee oa eto 38 = Che2d, S50) LO MONa HOt COs RI Creer te yiOhmc ics 3 peti hertee) Bata sada Sat kOd ns BB -da,ag po 85 ba SF SG] 88 7 ¥. S (=| 7 S ma ESE ES MER EEA 25S SOR Coen) dE BG Pee Oko Ung lig min eaoe ‘ te 6 By EGO On 8H Ve cH ye I = py w “ge oem e.s mittceur, ein -B.O Po gd © 3 ie & R=Bt | Rodda pees = Gm 5g 2B SS ESE ECE ORES SE Sas Z == Re) as 6 8 0.9 & Cor) OS eeacsksar sos Stat asssyoy GED, GAB OG OW DO OD.E NINN IT9OS OV OY - o*, SS 9 9 OF a! mQmAn 4A BAA nnn n a En 58 4 ro S If). 482 SS Se eae Ae fe] oO Rls) S : ev} aos » || 2 45 Sey be Se Ze A a Po & 2 oa f} Ay os: os a — OE Osha Se Ee) _ 2 e es “a as Sep to. B® | 26 Ss ODeEm a Zh 5 A WS3Q a2 2= 2s sow ss oa Oe O28 SIS se se Oe oremnien ° x) >= 3 oc > ARSE SO OH =0 ae Bote oersrd as 2 =),A © ‘ = ite y Oo & Zz i o || & S253) @ oz 88 AS) ix, & i x EC a — | = os) 4 a) a4359?4 2 < fo) Se ete eae ea mA _ < Ry SSeS) < wm Own eS -~O ; Sic Ge RES ae = Ocha So A A, = SiAicreen eet BS oho gw ee 2 SQ tA fave oe) O nA De Out 5 2M S out. § =; Se Simca + = Ge sag 4) ca S83 ES me a2 27 te Re On 33 wo E || &2 SEs Ze oceats waz 8° Aa ue a =z = a Sie o§ “” e285 SCO hee Oo mq 2.2 % OSlts ui < mo Be § vr 29 Be Ste Fs a os 12 Sn || 8 56 cs 4245 On = GBR ‘S) <0 ok <2 4 B 3 This day, crown 8vo., cloth, with Illustrations, 1s. 6d. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF FLOWERLESS PLANTS, THEIR STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION. By ALFRED W. BENNETT, MA, B.Se. (Lond), V-P.LS., &. Reprinted with Additions and Alterations from the Fourth Edition of ‘‘Henfrey’s Elementary Course of Botany.” GURNEW & JACKSON, 1, Paternoster Row. (Mr. Van Voorst’s Successors.) BOOKS BY W. MATTIEU WILLIAMS. The Fuel of the Sun. Second | Edition. 8vo. Cloth, ros. The Philosophy of Clothing. Just Published. Post 8vo. Cloth, 4s. Shorthand for HKverybody. With Course | of Lessons and Key. 1s. Lenore T. LAURIE, 28, Paternoster Row. EDINBURGH & GLASGOW: JOHN NEES i noche The Chemistry of Iron and | STEEL MAKING, and of their Practical | Uses. Crown 8vo., cloth extra, gs. Science in Short Chapters. Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 75. 6d. A Simple Treatise on Heat. With Illustrations. Cr. 8vo., cl. limp, 25. 67. The Chemistry of Cookery. Crown 8vo., cloth extra, ‘Os. LONDON : CT & HANDS Puy reesei, Wis The Little Squid (Sefzo/a). ” ” ” Entire lung Horizontal Section. 1 Entire long Vertical Section . 1 ‘Trans. Sectionof Head . . . 1 ry Mid Body 1 These Four Slides, showing all details of structure, including Histology of the Eye; all double stained first- class mounts. . Bo Uitken CaaS eyes cies soe eo ae AY Anemone (Gerianthus): ‘Long and T'raus. Sections on one slide, showing full details of struci:ure. Double stained. 1 9 Trans. Section of Branchio-Genital region of the large ” ” ” Balanoglossusa Yeipmovelomiciaism is) |e) 0+ fe) Fetuuajeen eta G, | Typical Polychete Annelid, ‘‘ Polynoe propingua,” mounted entire. One of the most beautiful of Paraboloid Stides . 2 0 Typical tubiculous Annelid, ‘‘ 5fz7o07dzs,” removed from its tubevand wellidisplayeds™ 5" ap) syinieiy ete ener oem en aS Rare parasitic Crustacean, “‘ Chadiius,”’ tissues differentiated by osmiciacid only py ei) 2). usceuecnnts Reais] aie lanreteiray eed eG Typical Ascidian, gTerebhorass Three on slide showing all details . . Su Dit BOS 1 6 Bugula flalellata” (polypidom), Eheeine “ Bird’ s Head Processes,” etc., a very beautiful slide Ro eo GD i ) NEW SLIDES IN EVERY BRANCH OF MARINE ZOOLOGY. PARCELS SENT TO SELECT FROM FREE OF CHARGES, AND AT SENDER’S ENTIRE RISK. LISTS FREE. Specimens for dissection, and MUSEUM SPECIMENS, in every branch of Zoology. The latter carefully displayed on Glass Plates in hermetically closed museum jars of the best quality in clear spirit. LISTS OF THESE ARE IN PREPARATION, BUT WRITTEN PARTICULARS WILL BE SENT ON APPLICATION. J. SINEL, CLEVELAND ROAD, JERSEY. CADBURY’ S COCe. ABSOLUTELY PURE, THEREFORE BEST. PRECAUTION.—Be careful to avoid Hehipcoloteea FOREIGN preparations, sold as pure, which are adulterated with alkali. This may be detected by the dark colour, and the scent when a tin is first opened. a a penn E HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. Ixxvil THE LIVERPOOL AND LONDON & GLOBE INSURANCE COMPANY, ESTABLISHED 1836. Head Offices: 1, DALE STREET, LIVERPOOL—7, CORNHILL, LONDON. BRANCH OFFICES: Wanchester, Leeds, Bristol, Birmingham, Edinburgh, Newcastite-on-Tyne, Glasgow, and Dublin. Total Invested Funds, £7,826,542. Total Claims paid exceed £25,500,000. FIRE INSURANCES EFFECTED ON THE MOST FAVOURABLE TERMS. LIFE DEPARTMENT. All descriptions of Life Insurance and Annuities at moderate rates. THE LARGE REVERSIONARY BONUS of 35/0 per cent. per annum on sums assured in the new participating class has been declared at each valuation. The NEW CONDITIONS of Assurance give increased facilities for Residence, Travel, and Occu- pation. Maintaining Policies in Force.—Reviving Lapsed Policies. Prompt Paymeni of Claims. APPLICATIONS FOR AGENCIES INVITED. LONDON OFFICES: CORNHILL AND CHARING CROSS. BROWNING’S “PERFECT” MICROSCOPE. The body is made entirely of Brass and Gun-Metal, with Rack Motion and fine Screw Adjustment. Three Achromatic Powers of excellent defining power, I-inch, 3-inch, and 3-inch ; Adjusting Slide-holder to Stage, Revolving Diaphragm, Hand Forceps, Stage Forceps, Live Cage, &c. The whole packed in upright Mahogany Cabinet, with Drawer for Slides, Dissecting Knives, &c. 3 4 [price £3 : 15: 0. LDP I OOOO New Illustrated Catalogue of Microscopes free. DD DO Oe ! JOHN BROWNING, 63, STRAND, LONDON, THE OLD DRAMATISTS. 2531s, sristis, -§—9 roe SILVER . SPOCSIOSCSCISCSCSCSOSCSS CURATIVE MEDAL, Crown 8vo., cloth extra. Vignette Portraits. 6s. per Vol. S PEGTAG LES PARIS, ° BEN JONSON’S WORKS. With Notes Critical | 1889, and Explanatory, and a Biographical Memoir by WM. GiFFORD. | FOR UNEASY SIGHTS. Edited by Colonel CunNINGHAM. 3 Vols. | MR. A. FOURNET ey) CHAPMAN’S WORKS. Complete in Three Vols. | 18, Bentinck-St., Welbeck-St.,w. AW Vol aicontains eer ays eomplete, including doubtful ones ; {HOURS 11 TILL 7.) ol. II., Poems an inor Translations, with Introductory Az Essay by A. C. Swinspurne; Vol. III., Translations of the | CIEE Te EE ESS A AD Iliad and Odyssey. SPECTACLES, °°’7707" 7/6. Srom M AS Ss I N G E R’S P LAYS. rome theopelex tot | need to see better, yet shrink from Vf glasses, read A. Fournet’s Philoso- “/{I/})} i y WituiaM Girrorp. Edited by Colonel CunnINGHAM. 1 Vol. | phy of Sight. Bie No . . | Morning Post.—'*‘Isbad sight + //| { MARLOWE’S WORKS. Including his Transla- | on the increase?’ is answered by if Wy SS = i: | Wh tions. Edited, with Notes and Introduction, by Colonel | a with much common //// I. ~~XA SEF ype), ense, /, /, \ y Y CuNNINGHAM. 1 Vol. Homeopathic Review.—‘‘If you WY) ee Yip jj, Ys (15 Stamps, from the Author.) Fournet’s Refractometer. Shown before Royal Institution. LONDON: CHATTO & WINDUS, 214, Piccadilly, W. THE BEST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION. TRADE CAMOMILE PILLS Are confidently recommended as a simple but certain Remedy for Indigestion, which is the cause of nearly all the diseases to which we are subject, being a medicine so uniformly grateful and beneficial, that it is with justice called the ‘‘ Natural Strengthener of the Human Stomach.” ‘‘Norton’s Pills” act as a powerful tonic and gentle aperient ; are mild in their operation, safe under any circumstances, and thousands of persons can now bear testimony to the benefits to be derived from their use, as they have been a never-failing Family Friend for upwards of 50 years. Sold in Kottles at 1s. 13¢., 25. 9¢., and 11s. each, in every Town in the Kingdom. CAUTION. Be sure to ask for “NORTON S PILLS, and do not be persuadel to purchase an imitation. Ixxviil HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. SPECIAL BOTANIGAL SLIDES. DDS Ovaries, Leaf-Buds, Flower-Buds, &c. ALL THE PARTS 27 sitz. T.S. Ovary, Marsh Epipactis, ‘‘Epipactis palustris” ... 1/- T.S. and L.S. Ovary, Foxglove, ‘‘ Digitalis purpurea” 1/3 “T.S. Leaf-bud of Sycamore, ‘‘ Acer Pseudoplatanus” ... 1/6 T.S. Leaf-bud of Ash, ‘‘ Fraxinus excelsior” 2/- T.S. Flower-bud of Iris, ‘‘ Iris Germanica” 2/- T.S. Flower-bud of Lily, ‘‘ Lilium croceum” ... bod 2/6 T.S. Flower-bud of Passion Flower, ‘‘ Passiflora cerulea’”’ 2/6 ABRM. FLATTERS, 54, Croft-st., Openshaw. ARBONIFEROUS POLYZOA for Students. 18 Species on Slide, rs. 8d. ; also Carboniferous Polyzoa and (Foraminifera, 3 to 6 Species on Slide, 9¢. Post Free. G. R. VINE, Attercliffe, Sheffield. New and Interesting Species of Shells From Borneo, Lake Tanganyika, and the Philippine Islands. COLLECTIONS PURCHASED. SPECIMENS EXCHANGED. MANUFACTURER OF GLASS-TOPPED BOXES, &c. Foreign Correspondence Invited. HUGH FULTON, Dealer in Recent Shells, 89, FULHAM ROAD, LONDON, S.W. NOW READY. My New Illustrated Catalogue of MICROSCOPICAL REAGENTS AND MATERIALS. ‘Price 3d., but will be sent FREE to all applicants during the current month. Cc. H. HESKETH WALKER, Micro-Specialist, 12, CHURCH STREET, LIVERPOOL. MASON’S LANTERN AND TABLE (Patent applied for.) MICROSCOPE. eos SCIENCE TEACHERS, LECTURERS, or PRIVATE EXHIBITIONS. The cheapest and most effective instrument ever produced. See Sczence-Gossif, February 1891; English Mechanic, December sth, 1890. Full description from R. G. MASON, Manufacturing Optician (from J. Swift), 69, Clapham Park Road, Clapham, S.W. s. LOUIS’S SERIES OF MIGROSCOPICAL OBJECTS. A DA te Above 70 Series of Uzmounted Objects at 2s. each Series, ready for mounting. Also 12 Series of Unsnounted Cleaned Diatoms, at 8s. each, 12 tubes in each. Also above 50 Series of Mounted Slides, beautifully mounted on 3 X x Slips. The Mounted Slides are in SSeries of 12 for 5s. Also 15 Special Series of Mounted Slides, 6 vin each Series, at 4s. each. 12 SPREAD DIATOMS (early pure.) Series 2.—5/-. 12 Slides. Pleurosigma curvulum. Synedra crotonensis. Gomphonema subclavatum. Rhizosolenia robusta. Licmophora tincta. Coscinodiscus concinnus. Cocconeis excentrica. Asterionella formosa. yD pediculus, Synedra affinis, Amphora proteus. Tabellaria flocculosa. 12 SPREAD DIATOMS (early pure.) Series 3.—d/-. 12 Slides. ‘Cyclotella Bodanica. Cocconeis placentula. Rhoicosphzenia curvatum. Navicula minima. Himantidium pectinale. Homeeocladia Vidovichii. Navicula scopulorum. Licmophora Ehrenbergii. Leptocylindrus danicus. Meridion circulare. Diatoma vulgare. Fragilaria virescens, Sole Agent: Wm, WEST, 15, Horton Lane, Bradford. SenD STAMP FOR CATALOGUE OF 40 PaGEs. FHE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY’S GARDENS, Regent’s Park, are OPEN DAILY (except Sundays,) from 9g A.M. till Sunset. Admission 1s.; on Mondays, 6d-; Children always 6d. ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETYS GARDENS, REGENT’S PARK. GARDENS OPEN DAILY from 9 a.m. to Sunset. SUNDAYS from 2 p.M. to Sunset. Admission by Orders from Fellows of the Society only. ANTED.—BRITISH ASSOCIATION REPORTS, 1875. State price—PETER MOLLER, 43, Snow Hill, London, E.C. BUY, SELL, or EXCHANGE WAIGROSCOPE SLIDES _Large variety of Gorgeous Polarising, Brilliant Opaque, and interesting Objects. Price 58. 60. dozen. Cash returned tf not approved. HENRY EBBAGE, FRAMLINGHAM, SUFFOLK. EXTRACT FROM “LE DIATOMISTE.” A FEW SPARE COPIES OF A Monograph of the Genus Pleurosigma, and Allied Genera, by Mr. H. PeraGatto. 40 pages with 10 plates, post-free, 12s. 6d. (With Coloured Plates, 15s.) Can be obtained of Mr. J. TEMPERE, Editor of “ Le Diatomiste,” 168 Rue St. Antoine, Paris. Microscopic Preparations Illustrating the Minute Structure of Vegetable Life. READY ror MOUNTING, witn PLAIN INSTRUCTIONS. Being enclosed in a novel transparent envelope, these objects may be examined without removal before mounting. ‘They are pre- pared with the utmost care, and are mostly stained in one or two colours of the most permanent character. 24 for 3s. 6d.; 6forls.; post-free anywhere. List, One Stamp. ne. WALTER WHITE, LITCHAM, SWAFFHAM. ESTABLISHED 1851. BIRKBECK BANK Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane. THREE per CENT. INTEREST allowed on DEPOSITS repayable on demand. TWO per CENT. on CURRENT ACCOUNTS, calculated on minimum monthly balances, when not drawn below £100. STOCKS, SHARES, and ANNUITIES purchased and sold. , SAVINGS DEPARTMENT. For the encouragement of Thrift the Bank receives small sums on deposit, and allows Interest, at the rate of THREE per CENT. per Annum on each completed £1. Accounts are balanced and interest added on the 31st March annually. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. How TO PURCHASE A HOUSE FOR TWO GUINEAS PER MONTH, OR A PLOT OF LAND FOR FIVE SHILLINGS PER MONTH, with im- mediate possession. Apply at the Office of the BirKsECcK FREEHOLD LAND SOCIETY. was The BIRKBECK ALMANACK, with full particulars, post | free, on application. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. MINERALOGY, Choice Specimens and Collections for Museums, | Students, and Prospectors. logues Free. SAMUEL HENSON, | | REGENT STREET, LONDON, W. | Lessons Given. Cata- | 97; Established 1840. 25, 226, 262. Slip Pens, 332, 909, 287, 166, 04. In fine, medium, and broad Points, HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. xxix MISS MAXWELL’S AFFECTIONS. By RICHARD PRYCE, Author of “ The Ugly Story of Miss Wetherby.” GRANT ALLEN’S NEW NOVEL.—On October 8, in 3-vols. At all Libraries. DUMARES@O@’S DAUGHTER. By GRANT ALLEN, Author of “ The Tents of Shem,” etc. NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOR OF “THE LOST HEIRESS.” In the press, crown 8yo., cloth extra, 35. 67. THE FOSSICKER: A Romance of Mashonaland.. By ERNEST GLANVILLE. Wijth a Frontispiece and Vignette by Hume NIsser. Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 35. 6d. TWO GIRLS ON A BARGE. By V. CECIL COTES. With 44 Illustrations by F. H. Townsenp, «* An amusing little volume, well worth reading.” —Dazly Chronicle. OUIDA’S NEW STORIES.—In the press, square 8vo., cloth extra, 6s. SANTA BARBARA, &c. By Ovina, Author of ‘“ Under Two Flags,” &c. AutHor’s Norr.— With the exception of ‘Santa Barbara,’ which was written for ‘ Les Lettres et les Arts,’ all these stories are now printed and published for the first time.” DICK DONOVAN’S NEW BOOK.—Post 8vo., picture boards, 2s.; cloth, 2s. 6d. A DETECTIVE’S TRIUMPHS. By Dick Donovan, Author of ‘‘The Man-Hunter,” _‘*Who Poisoned Hetty Duncan?” &c. DAGONET’S NEW BOOK.—Crown 8vo., 1s.; cloth, rs. 6d. DAGONET DITTIES. By Georce R. Sims, Author of ‘‘ How the Poor Live,” “The Dagonet Reciter,” &c. “ The satirical humour, the playful extravagance, and the skilful knack of versifying which he brings to bear upon topics of the hour— political, social, judicial, clerical, and military—will afford abundant entertainment.”—Dazly News. Cheaper Edition, post 8vo., picture boards, 2s.; cloth, 2s. 6d. THE BURNT MILLION. By James Payn, Author of “ By Proxy,” etc. “Mr. James Payn has the peculiar gift of writing a novel as if he were telling you a story vzvé@ voce, and interesting you imit, not only by reason of its plot, but also by his way of narrating it. . - . The story will interest the million and delight thousands.” —Punch, “LOOKING FORWARD.’—Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 6s. FREELAND: a Social Anticipation. By Dr. THropor Herrzka. Translated by ARTHUR Ransom. “Dr. Theodor Hertzka is an author who deserves to be widely known. A journalist and economist by special profession, he now appears before the European public as the author of one of those ideal reconstructions, or rather evolutions, of society which form so characteristic a feature in contemporary literary effort. * Freeland: a Social Anticipation,’ is the title of his story, the scene of which is laid in one of those enchantingly beautiful regions of Inner Africa with which modern explorers have made us all so familiar. ‘ Freeland” was first published in Vienna, and is now translated into English by Mr. Arthur Ransom. Dr. Hertzka is not, like most of those who have ) essayed this kind of imaginative literature, a mere spinner of ingenious fancies. As an economist and thinker of wide acquirements and . great natural power he enjoys a continental reputation. He has scientific reasons for the inspiring faith that is in him, and he sets them. . forth in his preface to ‘Freeland’ with a fulness of detail to which it is impossible for us to do justice in a brief note.”—Zcho, HUME NISBET’S NEW BOOK.—Crown 8vo., cloth, 2s. 6d. g | LESSONS IN ART. By Hume Niszer. With 22 Illustrations. ““A readable little volume. . . . The author has éndeayoured to write out some of the strictly necessary rules and laws of drawing: and painting for the use of students, so that they may be able 10 work at home, and spare their masters a number of questions if they are. at art schools. The book deals with drawing and painting in water and oil colour, and concludes with ‘ Hints on General Art.”? . . 2 Art | students will, no doubt, find the little work helpful, and the general reader may dip into it with pleasure.” —Pal/ Mall Gazette. / A NEW AFRICAN TRAVEL BOOK.—In the press, demy 8vo. cloth extra, 16s. MY SECOND JOURNEY THROUGH EQUATORIAL AFRICA, from the Congo to the Zambesi, in the years 1886 and 1837. By Major HERMANN VON WissmMANN. ‘Translated by M. J. A. BERGMANN. With a Map by F. S. Weller, and 92 Illustrations by R. Hellgrewe and Klein-Chevalier. PERCY FITZGERALD’S NEW BOOK.—2 vols., demy 8vo., cloth extra, 24s. LIFE OF JAMES BOSWELL. With an Account of His Sayings, Doings, and ’ Writings. By Percy FirzGeratp, M.A. With 4 Portraits. “Mr. Fitzgerald has written two very interesting volumes. In these volumes, in which there is not a single dull chapter, we have a yery lifelike picture of ‘ Bozzy.’ Mr. Fitzgerald’s biography of this extraordinary man will no doubt find its way into every well-appointed library.”—Manchester Examiner. ‘«It is interesting, as any life of Johnson’s inimitable biographer must be ; it is well informed, and it is manifestly the fruit of much patient and laborious industry.”’—77zmes. Small demy 8vo. cloth extra, 7s. 6d. LIFE OF JANE WELSH CARLYLE. By Mrs. ALEXANDER IRELAND, With: Portrait and Facsimile Letter. SEconpD EDITION. “This life of Mrs. Carlyle is a sweet and sad story, told with all tenderness and sympathy. . . . The volume contains some letters- never before published, but, even without these, it must be valuable to every reader, if only for its subtle and withal sympathetic analysis of character.” —Daily News. *‘This is a most welcome addition to the books which have to do with the life of Thomas Carlyle and of his wife Jane... . Mrs. Ireland has added some most suggestive material to the stock previously available. . . . The merits of Mrs. Ireland’s book consist less in the absolute freshness of the matter than in the intelligence and industry with which she has brought together the facts already given in scattered places. Here, at least, is a complete and a lifelike picture of the woman whose story is to be told. . . . Mrs. Ireland preserves throughout the temper which should animate the ideal biographer. It has apparently never, occurred to her to play the partisan, or to don the robe of the advocate. She does not attempt to apportion blame between man and wife, but, speaking with the voice of sympathetic common sense, she tells the tale almost wholly in the words of those to whom it relates. Where she judges,she judges with. wisdom, yet with charity.”—Standard. London: CHATTO & WINDUS, 214, Piccadilly, W. Ixxx HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. ROCK Life flssurance Company. Established 1806. DIRECTORS. LiEUT.-GEN. THE RT. Hon. Lorp ABINGER, C.B. JOHN GODDARD, Esq. WILLIAM JAMES BEADEL, Esq., M.P. CHARLES THOMAS LUCAS, Esa. WILFRID ARTHUR BEVAN, Esa. THE RIGHT Hon. Lorp MONK BRETTON. GEORGE PARKER BIDDER, Esq., Q.C. CUTHBERT EDGAR PEEK, Esq. THe Hon. W. ST. JOHN F. BRODRICK, M.P. CHARLES RUGGE-PRICE, Esq. GEORGE CROSHAW, Esa. THE Hon. CHARLES HEDLEY STRUTT. GEORGE ARTHUR FULLER, Esa. SAMUEL HARVEY TWINING, Esa. IMMEDIATE PAYMENT OF CLAIMS. INTERIM BONUSES. TOTAL FUNDS - - - - - - - £2,900,557. SUMS ASSURED - - - - - - = £3,867,096. | FUNDS IN HAND FOR EACH £100 = = = = £75. INVESTMENT POLICIES—Moderate Premiums. Limited Payments. Fixed Surrender Values. | DEFERRED BONUS AND WITHOUT-PROFIT POLICIES AT VERY LOW RATES. | PENSION FUND POLICIES. LIFE ANNUITIES. INVESTMENT SECURITY POLICIES. CHIEF OFFICE: 15,.“NEW. .BRIDGE . STREET, LONDON; EC: BRANCH OFFICES: MANCHESTER: Guardian Buildings. LEEDS: 88, Albion-street. GLASGOW: 68, St. Vincent-street. | BIRMINGHAM: 50, Cherry-street. GEORGE S. CRISFORD, Actuary. § APPLICATIONS FOR AGENCIES INVITED. LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS, ~ Nos. 10228 (with few exceptions) may be had, 8d. each. —Nos. 229 to date, 4d. each: excepting Nos. for Feb. & Mar. 1884, Feb. 1885, Jan. 1888, Jan. 1890 (out of print). No. 323.—Nov. 1891. SY “MONTHLY FOURPENCE. By Post, Fivepence. ” « U Hardwicke’s Science-Gossip: Monthly Medium of Srterchunge wd Gossip FOR STUDENTS AND LOVERS OF NATURE. EDITED BY J. E. Tavytor, F.L.S., &c. COCOA. ) Contents. ro; Neo-Darwinism. II. ! The Barnacle Goose.—Jilustrated. Ei Wis Rossendale Rhizopods. No. 6. | Vegetable Teratology =D) — —lilustrated. Science-Gossip. Li - 4 The Sparrow in 1891. Zoology. Ly ce i The Lizard Rocks and the Microscopy. [= ‘e) , Mariner’s Compass. Botany. < Li fi Hunting for Zoophytes.—Jéust. Notes and Queries. fe = i The Island of Inchkeith. Oo ji | ot y 4 = | PSS CHATTO AND WINDUS, PICCADILLY, LONDON, W. (AZ Rights Reserved Ixxxil HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIF. MICROSCOPIC PREPARATIONS. FIRST-CLASS SPECIMENS, NEw AnD RARE OBJECTS IN EVERY DEPARTMENT OF MICROSCOPY, LORD 8S. G. OSBORNE’S DIATOMESCOPE, Post-free, 12s. The Sea-Pen, Pennatula BOSE aor ea, showing Tentacles extended and surrounded with bundles of Spiculz, for Paraboloid. s.6d., post free. See “Science Gossip,’ June. Page 139. Tass smacen ERNEST HI NON, Stor otitea'postress 12, VORLEY ROAD, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. (TWENTY YEARS WITa THE LATE E. WHEELER.) GSHOohoGicAhh COE: CTrONns. Comprising FOSSILS, MINERALS, and ROCKS, labelled with Name, Locality, and Geological Position, in Mahogany Cabinets. 100 Specimens, 25s. 200 Specimems, 50s. Whe best value obtainable. Micro-Sections of Rocks in great variety. Cabinets, Glass-Topped Boxes, and other Geological requisites. THOMAS D. RUSSELL, 78, NEWGATE STREET, E.G. SECOND- HAND “WICROSCOPES: AND OBJECTIVES. SIP CLA Es OFrrEkr IO BrPEEOT CRE APRAR CE. Fine Monocular stand by Crouch, with 1- neh ana 1 objectives, Ue 6s. Ditto by Browning, and 1 objective, 3 105. 3 eyepieces by Powell and Lealand, 12s. 6d. each. a, objective oil immersion by Powell and Lealand, £15. t-inch by Ross, £2. 4-inch Ross, best, £3. 14-in. Swift, 25s. Several cheap Microtomes, Dissecting Microscopes, Spot Lenses, and various other appliances for Microscopic "Work. SANDS, HUNTER & Co., 20, CRANBOURN STREET, LEICESTER SQUARE, LONDON, W.C. SIX - see cag i R E 'D) s = N O GC K, — = 2 S ag “‘Something quite new.” (DysDERA ERYTHRINA.) BEGS TO INFORM HIS NUMEROUS PATRONS THAT HE !S NOW Pp Brilliant Opaque Objects, OPEN TO ENGAGEMENTS FOR EGGS OTPESOCUS 2s., post-free. Pp O p U LA R L ECT U R E S (an injurious insect), PUPA OF WOOD ANT (ForMICA RUFA). ON NATURAL HISTO RY, SHOWING THE PARA- For Paraboloid, 28., post-free. PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED BY PHOTOGRAPHS OF INSECTS AND SITIC FLY. Lz sit SYLLABUS OF ORIGINAL DRAWINGS, IN THE OXY-HYDROGEN LANTERN. _LBcTURES, postfree, 11, PAROLLES ROAD, MIRANDA ROAD, LONDON, N. ee oe HOW & CO-S LANTERN SLIDES an LECTURES, &e. GEOL@GACAL SERIES. NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION OF CATALOGUE NOW READY, POST-FREE ON APPLICATION. HOW’S MICROSCOPE LAMP. HOW’S POCKET MICROSCOPE LAMP. MICRO- PETROLOGY, TYPICAL ROCK SHCTIONS, 1s. 6d. each. JAMES ee & co., «3, FA RBENGDON SEREET, LONDON LECTURES ON PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, BOTANY, AND CM The Editor of SCIENCE-GOSSIP has Six Nights still open next Session to be engaged for EXTEMPORANEOUS LECTURES (well Illustrated with Diagrams) to Natural History, Literary, and Scientific Societies, &c. For epee) Sey apply, to Editor of UE: AEE: care sof Messrs. CHATTO & NEESER, 2m PEA Lgauloe, W. FICTION. | MICROSCOPIC OBJECTS for MOUNTING. a Nine doubl B 1 M A CATALOGUE OF NEARLY SIX HUNDRED | scnc’potthe. “GGARANTEED OUALITY “7% Per W 0 R K S 0 E F ICT | 0 N All beginners should read the New Pamphlet, Published by CHatto & Winobus, with a Short Critical Notice of PRACTICAL HINTS ON MICROSCOPIC MOUNTING each (40 pages, demy 8vo.), will be sent free upon application. Gd., post-free. List of Objects One Stamp. 214, PICCADILLY, LONDON, W.. R. G. MASON, 69, Clapham © Park Road, egnelo 2 Ww. REPAIR DEPARTMENT. MICROSCOPES, TELESCOPES, OPERA and FIELD GLASSES, ANEROID and other BAROMETERS. Scientific Instruments i of every description put in WORKING order or MADE AS NEW, SPECTACLES can be sent by post and receive immediate attention. Estimates sent. Apparatus Fitted. CHAS. COLLINS, OPTICIAN, 157, GREAT PORTLAND STREET, LONDON, W. (CoRNER OF WEyMouTH STREET.) ‘ HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. Ixxxiil WATKINS AND DONCASTER, Naturalists and Manufacturers of Lntomological Apparatus and Cabinets, N.B.—For Excellence and Superiority of Cabinets and Apparatus, references are permitted to distinguished Patrons and Colleges, &¢. Plain Ring Nets, Wire or Cane. including stick, 1/8, 2/-, 2/3. idermiet companion, ag poeta yar CES CONS Molding Nets, 3/9 and 4/6. Scalpels, 1/3; Label Lists of Birds’ Eggs, -/3. mbrella Nets, 7/6 (self-acting). Scissors, per pair, 2/-. ; pocket Boxes: zB 6; corked pone, 1/-, and 1/6. Coleopterist’s Collecting Bottle, with tube, 1/6, 1/8. Nest 4 Chip B OxEs, 1% T/-s 73 ? oh ohiae Botanical Cases, japanned, double tin, 1/6, 3/6, 4/6, 5/6. este ip Boxes, 4 dozen, -/8. 1/10 per gross. Botanical Paper, 1/1, 1/4, 1/9,,and 2/2 per quire. Entomological Pins, mixed, 1/- per oz. (white or black). Insect Cases, imitation mahogany, 3/6 to a pveaming Ga fs 2 oe / Cement for replacing Antenna, -/6 per bottle. WESTIE aay Nu : ae Dist oe a se) - Forceps for removing Insects, 1/6, 2/- per pair. Ste S Bo, rover (as pyeved 6. Wop He as Cie Cabinet Cork, 7 X 34, best quality, 1/4 per dozen sheets. ore Boxes, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, and 6/-. Pupa Diggers, 2/6. Insect Lens, 1/- to 8/6. Ditto, Book Pattern, 8/6, 9/6, and 10/6. 0 . Glass Top Boxes. per dozen, 1/8, 2/-, 2/6. Setting Boards, flat or oval, r-in., -/6; 14-in., -/8; r4-in., -/9; GlassbottomedsBoxessiper dovent ofa kp On of 2-in., -/10; 2t-in., 1/-; 3-in., 1/2; 3t-in., 1/4; 4-in., 1/6; Egg Drills, -/3, 1/-; Metal Blow-pipe os 7 4-in., 1/7; 5-in., 1/8. Complete set of 14 boards, 10/6. Sectins Needles! 6a. ae are : Setting EiQUSsS, oe ae 11/6 ; corked back, 14/-. Our New Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin and Brecdiae'G eve OT ix 47/6 English Names, 1/6. Our New Catalogue of British Lepidop- - Breeding Cage, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, and 7/6. tera (every species numbered), r/-; or on one side for Labels, ye: All Articles enumerated are kept in stock, and can be sent immediately on receipt of order. For Sale, a large Assortment of Healthy Pupz of both British and Foreign Butterflies and Moths. CABINETS. Sfeial Show Room. The following are the prices of a few of smaller sizes: for measurements and larger sizes see Catalogue. Minerals and Dried Mi Is and Dried Insect. Eggs. Plants, Fossils, &c. Insect. Eggs. Binns maceilss ie 4 Drawers .... 13/6 .... I2/- .... 10/6 Se Drawers yee 33/