THE HARNESS MAKERS GUIDE JOHNA.SEAVERNS pTONESS llftKERS' JUIDE (Copyright). ^ ;h!it:j:;::i:::!|:n::j:n 7»? J IBLISHED AT THE 'FICE OF inDDLERY AND HARNESS 'nLSALL. (^^^\y^i 4^^"^ iji^^^. m } Price Bound in Cloth, 16. Secon Editio p JOHNA.SEAVERNS r,'r ■■•^niij ui vuierinary Medicine . .J of Veterinary Medicine at •yersity 200 Westboro Road ^Grafton, MA 01536 THIS PAGE IS FOR (1). He who knows not, and Knows not he Knows not. (2). He who Knows not, and Knows he Knows not (3). He who Knows and Knows not he Knows. PRICE :- Complete with necessary Oil Lamps, or Gas Appara- tus, Bottom Waxer, Thread Winder, and Accessories. (A Table for support- ing the work is also supplied when required) £30 It is not for He who Know^s- and Knows he Knows, for He has already in = stalled our WIDE-WORLD KNOWN Ho. 6 mm k BaniEss PlaKers' maclliiG, |ir~ Send for our Latest Catalogue FREE on Application. "»Ji THE BRITISH UNITED SHOE MACHINERY CO. LIMITED, UNION WORKS, LEICESTER. 3 9090 013 400 714 Tiii<: Harness Makers' Guide CONTAINING THE LENGTHS FOR CUTTING AND MAKING HARNESS, BRIDLE WORK, STRAPS, &c., SHEWING THE COST OF MANUFACTURE SECOND EDiriON.— COPYRKJHT. WALSALL : Office of "Saodlery and Harness," 1907. Harness Makers, brown saddlers, bridle cutters. IVIAKERS OF PURSES, POCKET BOOKS, KNEE CAP5, and all kinds of FANCY LEATHER GOODS. Harness Furniture, Bits, Stirrups, Spurs, The "Holdfast" Patent Hame, &c., &c. Piitont Holdfast" H.-imc8. WM. OVERTON LD MANUFACTURERS, O ARGENT WORKS, WALSALL. INDEX A Few Hints on Cutting A Good Black, especially for Chamois Skins ,, \)'a.x for Bridle and Brown Leath'er Work American Buggy Harness ,. Pair-Horse Harness A Polish for Belt Edges Aprons, Knee A Suitable Cement for Joining th Splices of Machine Belts .. Backhands, Breechings, &c., for Gig Harness Bags, Nose Bag Straps, Gladstone . . Balance Girth, Side Saddle . . Ball Black for Leather Straps. . Belt Edges, A Polish for Belting, Machine Belt«, Dressing for Blacking, Harness Black Leather Lacquers ,, Varnish for Leather ,. Wax, Harness Makers'. . Body Roller, Donkey .. Brass, Polishing Paste for Breeches or Legging Straps . . Breaking Caveson Breastplate, Riding Bridle and Brown Leather Work, j Good Wax for Bridles, Riding .. ,, Show ,, Steeplechase, etc. Brown Compo ,, Cream or Paste for Brow Leather ,, Edges, For Rubbing up ,, Leather, Brown Cream c Paste for Buggy Harness, American Bullock Harness, for Draught Bus Harness, Three-horse Cab Harness, Hansom Cart Harness — Leader . ,, ,, London Style — Thiller ,, ,, Scotch — Leader ,, ,, Scotch — Thiller Thiller .. Cart Horse Headstall . . ,, ,, Head -Collars Caveson, Breaking Cement for Joining Leather . . Chamois Skins, A Good Black, especially for Choosing Leather Clothing, Horse . . Cob-Size Gig Harness .. PAGE 4 Collar Fore Wales Collars, Head ., Neck Compo, Brown ,, Harness Blacking Coupling Straps . . Covers, Loin Cruppers for Riding Saddlt Cutting, A Vew Hints on PAGE 33 • 37 13 • 70 • 71 42 35 • 41 4 Dog Collars, Sizes of Solid Leather.. 39 Donkey Harness. . .. • ■ 3^ ., Body Roller 42 Dressing for Belts . . . . ■ • 7^ Dressing, Leather .. .. ..72 Dumb Jockey .. .. .. • • 39 Dyeing Leather .. . .. ••73 Embrocation . . . . . . _ • • 74 Engraving and Monogram Cutting .. 62 Estimate for Cob Backhand . . . . 60 ,, ,, 4in. Leather l^ody Roller 60 ,, ,, Making 30ft. X 6in. Double Leather Belting 61 ,, ,, Making do ft. X sin. Machine Belting . . 61 ,, ,, New Middle to Backhand 60 ,, ,, New Pair of Points to Traces . . . . . . 60 ,, ,, Plain Medium-Quality Biass Thill Harness .. 48 ,, ,, Set of l^)est Thill Harness 45 ,, ,, Set of Lined Gig Harness with Sil. -plated Furn. 55 ,, ,, Set of Lined Gig Harness, with French Backhand 59 ,, ,, Set of LinedGigHarness, with Kicking Strap . . 58 ,, ,, Set of Lined Gig Harness, with Long Breeching.. 58 ,, ,, Setof Lined Gig Harness, with Tilbury Backhand 59 ,, ,, Setof Plain Pony Harness 50 ,, ,, ,, Brass-mounted Tradesmen's Harness 52 ,, ,, ^in. '1 ie Wantey. . .. 60 ,, ,, Van Backhand .. ..60 Extra Throatband for Harness Bridle 42 Fire Engine Harness .. ..18 Foal Slips . . . . . . ■•40 Fore Wales, Collar 33 For Rubbing up Brown Edges . . 71 Four-in-Hand Harness . . . . • • 29 Full-Size Gig Harness .. .. >. 21 ,, Goat Harness .. • • 3* Funeral Carriage Harness . . • • 29 Gag Head and Rein . . . . . . 41 Gig Harness, Backhands, Breechings, &c., for 24 ,, ,, Cob-Size 22 Gis Harness Full-Size.. ,, Pony-Size Girths Gladstone Bag Straps . . Glue, Waterproof Goat Harness, Kull-Size Grea'-e or Soap, Harness Gun Strap (or Sling) .. Hansom Cab Harness . . Harness, American Muggy American F^air- Horse ., Klackin-4 ,, r.lacking Conipo ], Blacking roli>h Bullock, lor Draught \ Carl -Leader .. ., Cart — Thiller .. „ Cob-Si/e. (iig .. ,, tlompo Renovator Harness, Donkev „ Fire Engine .. ,, Four-in-Hatid Fuli-.si/e, Giiz . . Full-Size, (ioat Funeral I ;irriage Gig, Backhands, Breechings &c., for ,, Grease or Soap ,, Hansom Cal) . London Style, Cart— Thiller Makers' Black Wax . Makers' Jet .. Mowing Machine ,, Pair-Horse „ Pit ,, Plough ,. Polish .. .. ,, Pony-Si/e, Gig ,, Scotch, Cart — Leader ,, Scotch, Cart — Thiller ,, 'J'andein ,, Three-horse Bus ,, \'an, Pair-Horse ,, Van. Single Horse Harness Bridle, Extra Throatband fo Head Collars ,, ,. Cart Horse Headstall, Cart Horse . . Hoi)per Strap Horse Cloihmg .. Inflexible P.lack Japan for Leather Ink, Stencil Jet, Harness Makers' Jockey, Dumb Joining Leather, Cement for .. Knee Aprons Leader Cart Harness ,, Scotcti Cart Harness .. Iveather, Black Varnish for ,, Choosing ,, Dressing '>yei"g ,, Inflexible lilark Japan for ,, Lac(|uers, Pdack Straps, Ball Black for ,, To Join. . ,, To Remove Spots from Leathers, Stirrup Litjuid Renovator for Patent Leather 72 1,0m Covers -.c- London Style Cart Harness — Thiller Machine Bands, The Cleansing of . ,, Belting.. ,, B'ilts, A Suitable Cement for Joining the Splices of Metal, Polishing Paste for . . ,, ,, ,, Pltd. Harness 74 Metallic Polishing Powder . . Monogram Cutting, Engraving and. Mowing Machine Harness Neck Collars Nose Bags Nosebands for Riding ]Vidle-< Pair-Horse Harness. American Pair-Hor-e Harness ,, Van Harness Paste for Patent Leather 1 Paste, Permanent Patent Leather, Liquid Renovator for ,, ,, Paste for Polish.. ., ,, To Restore Permanent Paste Pit Harness Plated Harness, Metal Polishing Paste for Plough Harness . . Polish, Harness .. ,, Harness Blacking ,, Patent Leather . . Polishing Paste for Brass ,, ,, for Metal „ Metal .. ,, ,, for Silver Plat ,, Powder, Metallic Pony-Size Gig Harness Pony, Tail Ca^^e for Race Surcingle . . Renovator, Harness Compo . Reins, Rope Riding Bridles ,, ,, Nosebands for ., Breastplate Riding Saddles, Cruppers for. Rope Reins Rug Straps, Sizes of . . Scotch Cart Harness — Leader „ —Thiller Show Bridles Side Saddle Balance Girth, etc. Silver Plate, Polishing Paste for Single Horse Van Harness Sizes of Solid Leather Dog Collars . ,, Hug Straps Slips, Foal Steeplechase Bridles, etc. Stencil Ink Stirrup Leathers . . Strap, Hopper Straps, Breeches or I-egging . . ,, Coupling. . Strap (or Sling), Gun .. Surcingle, Race . . Tail Case for Pony Tandem Harness The Cleansing of Machine Bands Thiller Cart Harness ,, ,, ,, — London Style ,, Scotch Cart Harness . . Three-Horse Bus Harness I'AGK |'A(;e I'o Join Leather ■ 69 Harness Back . . 5 To Remove Spots from Leather ■ 74 Hunting Outfit .. S6 To Restore Patent Leather . . 74 Pair-horse Carriage Harness .. 25 Van-Harness, Pair-Horse 20 Patterns for a Complete Suit of Horse ,, ,, Single Horse . . 19 Clothinc 36 Waterproof Glue 69 ,, ,, London-Style Cart Har- ness— Thiller . . 10 ,, ,, Pit Harness 15 ILLUSTRATIONS. ,, „ Scotch Cart Thiller .. Harness— 12 American Trotting Harness .. • 17 Polo Outfit 49 f^iiggy Harness . . 8 Sling for Sick Horse 40 Four-in-hand Pony Harness— Fronti ^piece Tandem Harness 33 Gig Harness 21 Whole Hide 5 This Index tells you which page to turn to when you wish to refer to the useful and valuable information contained in the " Harness Makers' Guide." THE GOLDEN NAG, on the other hand, tells the World that you are looking at a smart up- to-date Saddler's Shop. Full particulars of this splen- did advertisement on receipt of Trade Card to T. KIRBY & SONS LTD., Proprietors and Publishers of "Saddlery and Harness," "Harness Makers' Guide," &c., . WALSALL. Frank Millers Harness Dye and "^ " " portant Harness and Collar Manu- Collar BlacKing ^jfi World. ^^ 5 GAL. KEGS AND 48 GAL. BARRELS. .>»i«»i»»i»»>»>o Frank Miller's Stitching Wax IN BARRELS OF 2,500 BALLS. BLACK AND BROWN, THE FINEST WAX MADE. for Machine or Hand Work. Frank Miller's Harness Dressing MUCH SUPERIOR TO JET FOR FINISHING. Makes Second-hand Harness look like New. SIZES:- PINTS TO BARRELS OF 48 GALLONS. ALL WHOLESALE HOUSES STOCK OUR GOODS. If unable to obtain, write THE FRANK MILLER CO., Tower Chambers, Moorgate, LONDON, E.G. PREFACE. T N issuing the Second Edition of " The HARNESS Makers' Guide," the publishers repeat the warning given in the preface to the First Edition, to the effect that the lengths and sizes given in this work are based on an average between those recognized by different makers. Hence it is necessary that cutters should exercise caution when fitting animals of a1)normal pro- portions. The information given has been thoroughly revised, and every endeavour has been made to increase the usefulness of the present edition by the inclusion of instructions for the manufacture of a large number of additional articles. The article upon " Choosing Leather " has been re-written, and the information imparted is the result of a life-long study of leather manufacture, and is from the pen of a practical currier of high repute. The scope of " THE Harness Makers' Guide " is increased by the inclusion of an instructive and practical article upon the art of " Engraving and Monogram Cutting." This is added for the benefit of those who have the time and desire to devote to this fascinating work. In a work of this kind it would be absolutely impossible for no mistakes to occur; the publishers will, therefore, welcome intelligence of such, with a view to correction in future issues. May. 1907. AN EXPLANATION Harness Leather is and no time nor the preparation; the consideration, as our a Harness Leatlicr OUR THREE BRANDS. The ** Crown '* Brand of our Black and Brown a super selection, labour is spared in price is a secondary object is to produce second to none. «• CROWN. The **Sceptre" Brand in both Black and Brown Harness Leather is the same oak- bark tannage, and warranted unweighted and unadulterated. It is intended to meet the re- quirements of ,I,c large In.lk '®' '^-xl^^ ^f ^j,^ h^„,^,^ "SCEPTRC." Trade who are looking for an honest and reliable Harness Leather. Consistent with a sound, thoroughlx' well bated oak-bark tannage and pure hand-stuffed, unweighted dressing, it is listed at the lowest possible price. The *' Orb '* Brand is an inferior selection. and is offered to f(jr a lower grade It is a rel iable able for export or trade. Where corn- meet the demand article " at a price." quality, and is suit- t h e intermediate petition is a diffi- cult}-, it may be recommended with confidence. S. E. NORRIS 6 CO., St. Paul's Leather Works, SHADWELL. LONDON, E. The Harness Makers' Guide. CHOOSING LEATHER. Harness in Great Britain is almost universally made from leathei stained black on the grain, and this equally applies to Europe, Canada, and the United States ; but in many tropical countries, more especially in South Africa and Australia, brown harness leather, natural colour, or stained a light London colour, or even a rich orange is in use. It is difficult to account for this, unless it be that in hot, dry countries the dust would be more apparent on black leather — and brown boots are certainly more in demand there for this reason — or whether it is that the native product in a young country is brown for the sake of economy, and the prejudice becomes "rooted." But in a chapter on "Choosing Leather," it is of greater importance to decide the relative merits of each. Now, it is natural that if a man wishes to buy brown leather he selects it of a bright, attractive, even colour throughout, but to produce leather of this description, practically no grease whatever can be used in the dressing, and as grease (the more the better) is the very life and vitality of leather that is exposed to weather and hard usage, it follows that brown leather dressed according to the accepted methods in vogue cannot possess the same durability as black leather, the colour of which is not affected by the amount of grease it is fed upon during the various currying processes. It is, however, only right to add that one London firm of old standing has broken free from the limitations of prejudice and solved the problem of how to produce a brown leather, bright, even, and attractive in colour, and yet with sufficient grease in it to lubricate the fibres and make it sufficiently waterproof to withstand the attacks of damp and weather. Harness leather may be obtained direct from the currier, or from the saddlers' ironmonger, in the form of backs [i.e., with the bellies cut off) or hides. Both are cut dowm the backbone after leaving the tannery, as it is in this form a piece of leather is more easily dealt with, and the currier can set out the grain better. It is a question for the harness maker himself to decide whether to buy hides or backs, as it is entirely governed by the class of business which he does. If the bulk of his trade is jobbing work, more especially in country districts, there are many opportunities for profitably using the bellies, and as the price of hides is from l^d. The Harness Makers' Guide, ,n 2d Der lb. less than the equivalent weight m backs, it may be found more economical to buy in this form. Where to buv is a matter of the first importance, as a harness Mv^ker's reputation for supplying a reliable article may easily be ruined, or^t least seriously prejudiced, by using mferior and adulterated leather. , . • i -j .. If he is in a small way of business and requires single sides a ^ time, he cannot do better than go to a well-reputed firm of s.ddlers' ironmongers and obtain his leather at the same house as h's metal work and sundries, for they will doubtless give his orders .rreater personal attention. If, however, he is m a position to buy hilf-a-dozen pairs at a time (generally known as a bale) he will be well advised to open an account with some firm of harness curriers whose reputation for first-class and reliable quality has stood the test of Vears. In buying direct you may not only save the middleman's profit, but vou have the satisfaction of coming into personal contact with the producer, who can not only offer practical advice in the event of complaint, but he is likely to be more amenable to persuasion and compromise should actual loss result. It is of the utmost importance to buy well, and the harness maker, having found his market, must next concern himself with the quality of the leather he buys. We all know the difference that a certain year's crop will make to the value of a vintage, but that difference is as nothing to the differences between the relative value of one tannage and another. It takes a very shrewd judge of leather to assess the quality of tannages, and faith in the ability of your currier's judgment is inevitable. Leather can now be tanned in as many days as it once took months, and it is a regrettable fact that many fine old tanneries that took from twelve to fifteen months to produce leather in the mildest of cold oak bark liquors, have of late years been either closed or been forced to radically alter their methods, in consequence of the inability of the harness maker to appreciate the quality of their old-time leather. There still remains a wide difference between the astringent foreign extract tannages so largely used and a genuine English oak bark tannage worked on scientific principles. The finished article may appear similar, but the latter will stand the test of time, which the former will not. One will bring credit to the harness maker — who, having convinced himself that he is getting what he pays for, is willing to give a shilling or two more for his back — the other, through ignorance or parsimony, courts complaints and loss of accounts. The dressing or currying of leather is a subject upon which every harness maker considers he is entitled to speak, and as regards the finished article he does so with considerable justification^ for he handles the leather previous to its manufacture into harness, and his contract work gives him the opportunity of watching its wearing qualities. The harness maker, almost to a man, will ask for a "well filled" leather, and will often remark, "I don't like the dubbin spared." The Harness Makers' Guide. On the other hand, the dealer or saddlers' ironmonger more frequently stocks a light fleshed leather, under the impression that it is not weighted. Now this is a fallacy, for whereas harness leather, weighted on the flesh side by drumming or brushing into it melted sugar or other heavy weighing saccharine matter, possesses a light, bright coloured flesh, while the leather well and thoroughly curried with best cod oil and tallow is not so firm as the dry, harsh, smart-looking weighted leather, but has a well-filled, fat, dark mahogany-coloured flesh. With this latter there may be a little more difficulty in keeping the wax on the thread, but this is of little importance as compared with the more waterproof nature ©f the leather, its freedom from any tendency to crack, its well lubricated fibre, increasing in a remarkable way the tensile strength of the leather and its consequent durability. Touching on the subject of cracky leather, it may be mentioned that the most fruitful source of this complaint is the drumming in of melted sugar, glucose, or other crystalline weighting matter which penetrates the grain, and it follows that when this cools it forms minute crystals, fixing the fibre and making the surface brittle. There are, however, two other genuine causes for this trouble. When the raw hide arrives at the tannery, and before it goes to the liquors, it is passed through "limes" of varying strengths to part the hair from the pelt, and this makes the grain brittle and has to be counteracted by subsequent bating and scouring processes. If this is not scientifically and thoroughly done it will never produce a kind mellow grain, and that absence from crack that is so vital to the durability of the leather. If the stitches sink readily and easily into the grain, it may be taken as an indication of a well-bated and thoroughly scoured leather, and care should be exercised in sewing such leather not to pull through too hard. The third cause of leather cracking is too quickly drying (after setting or resetting) in a strong east wind. This requires care in the drying sheds, and the louvre or weather boards should Ije regulated accordingly. Any unbiassed article on the subject of " Choosing Leather " must necessarily draw attention to the almost universal use of artificial weighting materials in the production of harness leather, with the object of being able to sell at a low price. It may be taken as an axiom that all such weighting materials of a deleterious nature are soluble in water, and it therefore follows that if two pieces of leather, one weighted, the other not, are soaked in water and re-dried, the weighted piece will suffer greater loss in weight than the unweighted piece. For exact data, the pieces to be tested must be cut from the same part of the hide, and must be of the same substance and weight. It also follows that the leather that lias lost most will be the least waterproof, for a sound bark tannage and scientifically blended greases are little affected by immersion in water. On the other hand, it is a fatal test for common extract tannages and artificial weighting materials of any kind, as both are soluble in water and soak out during the period of immersion. Though the adulteration of harness leather is so universal, it^ is not always practicable for the harness maker to detect it with certaintv, and it is a safe plan, when buying from your ironmonger The Harness Makers' Guide. *r. in-;<:t nnon havino- onlv such leather as is stamped :;;:u::ran :er''unXte!:;;ed.'' This will ensure freedom from '"uco'^e or other artificial weighting material, as prosecution could ?e"uh if proved to be untrue. Some curners sell harness leather i'h specked brands, and it is reasonable to suppose that when ^o\\ in this way the currier particularly aims at uniformity m annal^e, dressing, and selection. If this can be re hed upon it dieJes the harness maker of much anxiety, for rehabihty and uniformity have been the secret of the success of many a good "ln"purchasing leather, see that it is free from warble holes, and is of a close, firm grain, without scratches or other imperfections, and well fill-d and level throughout. This is not always easy to obtain. Some hides will have a perfect grain, and be full and plump at the back, but fall away at the shoulders, and nothing makes more imperfect reins, backhands, or traces, than these. A FEW HINTS ON CUTTING. Harness leather should be of a close, firm, glossy grain, well grown, and of fairly even substance. In choosing it, see that the flanks and other extremities are light and clean, because any excess of weight or waste here, increases the cost of the prime parts. Having selected a suitable side or back, examine it carefully for any defects. There are iwo methods of cutting. The first — and that which is more generally adopted — is to straight-edge the leather as shown by the dotted' line in Fig. 2, and to cut straight away from this edge. Another plan (which is preferred by some cutters), is to cut 6 inches into the back, as shown by the full line in the same illustration, utilizing this off-cut for gig reins. The leather at this part is found to give greater satisfaction in wear than when the strips are taken close to the back line, where it is always less firm, and consequently not of the same tensile strength. The part marked A in Fig. 2 will be found stouter than any other portion, and from B to the belly-edge it will be lighter than else- where. That marked C is seldom of any use when cut into strips. It is generally flabby, and well scored by the butcher, and proves of more value if cut off in the piece, when it comes in useful for side-piecing collars and such like repairs. No rule can be laid down here as to the correct order in which the strips should be taken after straight-edging the hide or back. Not only would this necessitate dealing with every style of harness given here, but different qualities would also have' to be dealt with, and the various conditions of manufacture. One man may have half-.i-dozen pairs of backs to choose from, of different weights and substances, and he is thus able to cut out the various parts •vith a better regard to efficiency and economy than the man who has a single pair for the purpose. Practice and careful judgment are the best tutors in gaining knowledge of this work. The Harness Makers' Guide. The Harness Makers' Guide. CART HARNESS -THILLER, No. 1. BRIDLE. Head ... . Clieeks, cut . ,, made up Noseband, cut ,, made up bv 22in. by 30in. bv 13in. b'v 20in. bv 14in. Winkers, cut to pattern Bearing Rein, off side ,, »» ri^^r side If with chain, off side ,, ,, near side If with billets, cut these Leading Rein Throat ,, point Front, between Winker Stay ... „ ' split 63/4 ■ IVn 1^ 1^ 1/. ^% 1 by bv ^' by by by bv 1^ by 22in. 1^ bv 9in. 1^ b'v 15in. 114 by 13in. Sin. 60in. 24in. 42in. 12in. 12in. 60in. COLLAR AND HA ME STRAPS. Collar Straps (2) Top Hame Strap Collar Housing (square) Housing Straps (2) bv bV by bv 16in. 28in. 22in. 12in. Round Collar Housing cut to pattern. BREAST COLLAR. Body, cut 4 by 44in. Lay', made up 3 by 36in. Wither strap 2% by 38in, ,, ,, split 1 by 12in. ,, ,, tugs (4) 1 by 6in. ,, ,, „ placed from chains A%m. Ordinary Breeching Irons are used for the draft chains. Tf Contract Irons, make back tugs proportionately shorter. When required for Plough or Fore Gears, hooks must be used instead of chains. SADDLE. Top, cut in two pieces, about ... Girths, if nailed to tree Girth Points, if nailed to tree ... Girths, if sewn into rings Girth Points, if sewn into rings Meter Buckle Pieces (2) bv b'v bV ly^ bv 1^ by iy2 bv CRUPPER. [f made to buckle to loop on saddle tree. Hip Straps (2) Loin Strap Loin .Strap Tugs Body 31^ bv 24in I. ay 2 bv 20in Billet 2 bv 26in 24in. 60in. 24in. 56in. 22in. 9in .. 1^ bv 26itv .. 1% b'v 48in .. 1^ bv Si,> Distance between dee and buckle, lOin. If made to buckle to strap nailed on tree. Crupper Strap, 2 by ISin. Other particulars as above. The Harness Makers' Guide. Cart Harness— Thiller, No. 1 {continuea). BREECHING. Body, cut 3j^ by 72in. j Lay, made up ... 2^ by 58in. ,, made up ... 3^ bv 60in. Hip Strap Tugs ... Ij^ by 7in. Lay, cut 2^^ by 70in. | If with dees Ij^ by Sin Hip Strap Tugs fixed 14 inches from each end. No. 2. BRIDLE. Head 1-% by 24in. i Throat, cut ... \y^ iby 20in. Noseband, cut ... X^A bv 20in. 1 ,, made up.. \% by 16in. „ made up 1^ by 14in, j ,, point, cut . \% byl2^in. Winker Stay ... \y^ by 14in. i ,, „ made uplj^ by lOin. ,, ,, split S^^in. 1 Front cut 25in., made 15in. within Winkers cut to pattern — (winker and cheek combined). Winker part about 7^in. square ; extended cheek 2^in. wide. Total length 15in. The winker scolloped or cut D pattern before blocked and sewn. Cheeks and nose cut for turning through rings as indicated on patterns for Scotch Cart Harness. Chape to secure cheek buckles, l^in. dee attached by link to the buckles, into which throat and point are sewn. Small lin. bucklepiece slides on head to receive winker-strap. Collar Straps 1-% by 17in. Hame Straps \}i by 24 to 28in. SADDLE. (Made on 13in. Lincoln Tree). Top cut in two pieces, about 6^ by 21in. Side leathers cut about 6in. by lOin., and shaped. The front pattern of top shaped so that the centre is raised when nailed on the tree. Sidestrings (or Hangers) 1^ by 16^in. Girth (when made up on above) ... 1^ by 50 to 54in. Girth point ,, „ „ ... 1^ by 24in. Crupper Strap 2 by 16in. An illustration of this style of saddle, with full particulars for making same, appeared in " Saddlery and Harness " for April, 1901. BREECHING AND CRUPPER. Body, cut 3^in. wide. | Lay, cut 2^in. wide. The full length of hide or back. Body made up, 60in. The two strips are reversed — the light or neck ends being turned beyond where the body is punched for the hip-strap tugs. Hip-strap tugs, about 12in. 'from each end. cut \y^ bv 17in. The Harness Makers' Guide. Cart Harness— Thiller, No. 2 (co?itimied). Hip-strap tugs stronglv sewn together at the back, underneath the shaped safes. Loin-strap tugs, cut l^^n. by lOin. „ joined, etc., at back as hip-strap ditto. cut ... iy2 'bv SQi^in. ; made up 46in. Hip-straps (2) ... 1^ by SOj^in. ; „ 26in. Crupper bodv 3>^ by 24m. ;/ lay ' 2% by 26in. ^' ,j reduced in front to 2i4in. for buckle. Distance between dee and opening for loin-strap about 9in. BILLETED WANTEY, or BELLYBAND. Bodv, made up 3 by 36in. Billets (2) 3 by 28in. TIE WANTEY. Bodv, cut 3in. by full length of hide. Lay, cut 2%\n. ,, ,, ,, Tie Piece ... 2^in. to make total length 13 feet. Made up full width the first 3 feet, then gradually reduced to a point Cart Bellyband with chain-ends, made up 3in. or 3^in. by 36in. Either stout single leather, or double and sewn 4 rows. CART HARNESS-LEADER. BRIDLE. Leading Rein, 1 bv 102in. Other T'>articulars same as Thiller. Collar and Hame Straps as Thiller. BACKBAND. Bo.ly, cut 4 by 40m. ] Made up 4 by 32in. Safes cut to pattern. Bellyband 1)4 by 38in. | Bellyband Strap ... 1^ by 17in. Or with rings and hook-ends, 2% by 36in. single, or double, and sewn 3 rows. CRUPPER. If to buckle to Collar Straps. Dock, cut 3^^ by 18in. Body 3i.^ by 25in. Head split, 6>^in. each side, with piece cut out of centre to reduce the points to Ij^in. ; Crown part reduced also (see Fig. 1.) Noseband, cut 3i^ by 22in. ,, made up to pattern (see Fig. 3) 14in. Cheeks and Winkers combined, cut to pattern (see Fig. 2). Front, between Throat Band Winker Stay, cut „ » split Rein, off side „ near side If with watering chain, off side ,, ,, ,, near side Coupling Straps for Cheek and Rein Rings COLLAR (Peaked Top, Side Pieces to pattern). COLLAR AND HAME STRAPS. Collar Straps (2) 1% by 16in. ... Top Hame Strap only, 1 by 26m. SADDLE. Tops cut to pattern (see Fig. 4). Seam Covers to pattern (see Fig. 5 and 6). Loose Girth, buckle each end Girth Straps, drawn into ring on each side ... Rope Bellyband. CRUPPER (see Fig. 8). Hip Straps (2) sewn into ring ... Ij4 Loin Straps, pointed both ends ... Ij4 Fore bearers (2) sewn into ring, with chain at other end to fix to hook at back of saddle trough, made up 1^ Ring Safe, cut to pattern of a circle, 5^in. BREECHING. Body, cut 3i^ by 78in. ... Made up 3^ by 68in. Lay, cut 2% by 78in. ... Made up 2% by 68in. Loin Strap Tugs, sewn on chains ... l'/2 by 5in. / With Safes cut to Hip Strap Tugs, sewn in seat ... 1)4 by 7in. ) pattern (see Fig. 7). 2% by 46in. by 16in. by 26in. 48in. by 18in. in diameter. SCOTCH CART HARNESS-LEADER. BRIDLE. Leading Rein 1 by 66in Other particulars as Thiller. The Harness Makers' Guide Fig. 3- N-'^-.i>:nM'. l*.\i-ii:kNs FOR Scotch Cari' Harness— Thii.i.er. The Harness Makers' Guide. 13 Scotch Cart Harness— Leader (continued). CRITPER. Hip Straps (2) sewn on to ring 1^ by 24in. Hip Strap Tugs (2) with safes ... 1^4 by 5in. Fore Bearers (2) sewn on to ring and going forward to tugs on chain traces at draft ly, by 42in. Fore Bearer Tugs (2) with safes 1^ by 5in. Hip Straps and Fore Bearers are frequently cut l.^^in. wide for Thiller as well as for Leader, in which case the Tugs are also cut \y^\Xi. wide. CART HORSE HEADSTALL. Head, made up Nose, ,, Brace pieces ,, ,, between on head ,, ,, ,, nose Throat (sewn on to head) ,, point (sewn on to head) Ends of brace pieces and throat cut mitre shape. In some districts the strapping is cut 1^4in. or 2in. wide, and some are made without the throatband. 1^/^ bv 48in. 15^ bv 36in. 1^ by 13in. 18in. 14in. 1 bv 18in. 1 by 9in. CART HORSE HEAD-COLLARS, Head, cut 1^ bv 28in. J, made up IK by 24in. Nose, cut 1^ bv 25in. ,, made up ... . IK bV 16/in. Front (if used), cut ... . 1/8 by 25in. „ ,, made up . .. (within) 1/8 bv 15in. Throat, cut 1 by 18in. ,, (with lin. buckle) , made up 1 by 14in. ,, point, cut ... . 1 bv lOin. ,, ,, made up . 1 bV 8in. Cheeks, cut 1/ by 20in. ,, made up ... . 1/ bv 8/in. Back Stay, cut ... . 1/ by 15in. ,, ,, made up 1/ by 6in. Braces, cut IK by 15/in. ,, made up IK bv 6in. Bucklepiece, cut ... . IK ■bv 7>^in. „ made up IK bv 3in. NECK (sometimes called Stable or Manger) COLLARS. Made up about 44in. long. Cut l^in., 2in., or 2/in. wide, as required. In some localities swivels are used for attaching chain ; in others strong dees are regularly used. These are put in about 6in. from the buckle end. 14 The Harness Makers' Guide. PIT HARNESS. FULL SIZE. HOODED BRIDLE. Fig 1 showing bridle with skull cap and hood complete ; near side of hood the sight hole is closed, on the off side it is shown open. Fig 2 : Hood Pattern-Lengths, A to B 12^in.. C to D 22^in E to^F 13^,^in., G to H 19in., I to J 16^1^., C to G and D ^ H Sin., I to C' and J to D 43/^in., V cut l34in. by Im C to K 63^in., L to G l^in. In fixing bring C to G and D to H, the wrap over cut off, if not a closed sight. Fi^ 3 • Skull Cap Pattern— Lengths, A to B 1034in., C to D 73^in E to F 35^in., head strap slip cut 2i^in. (lay a piece of leather under this), A to G 7j^in. for pad ; let the basil leather lie flat and stufT lightly. BRIDLE. Headstrap 1^ l^ 20in. Front, cut 1^ by 17in. Front, within 15%in. Nose, cut '"-i-H by 17in. Nose, within 14in. Throatband, cut "l>^ by 22in. ,, made up 18in. ,, strap ^H by lOin. vJhin Strap Va by lOin. Buckle piece, cut H by ll^in, ,, made up lOin. Lead Rein 1 by 12in COLLAR. Size 22in. Fore wale, cut ... 7 by 56in. Side pieces to fit. Cloth or Check, 32in. by 12in. Throat piece, b%\n. Closing Strap, l^in. by 12in. Buckle piece, Ij^in. by 12in. Hame Chafer, 2^in. by 7in. Long Straps, l^in. by 21in. SADDLE. Sa^in. by 32in., three thicknesses to pattern. Cross Bars, cut 13in. by Ifiin. Space under cross bars, 3^in. for a 2%'m. backhand. Crupper Strap, cut, 2iin. by 18in. ; made up, doubled. Linings, check, 15in. by 28in., sewn to Bj^in. from centre. Chined 2i^in. wide. Space under cross bars for 2i^in. backhand, 3^in. Girth, made up ... 1^ bv 36in. 1 -^i, j i r^;,»u ct ^ J It/ u ne\- )■ with squares and chapes. Girth Strap, made up Ij^ by 20in. i TiiK Harness Makers' Guide. 15 Fig. 2. — Hood Pattern. Patterns for Pit Harness. ,^ The Harness Makers' Guide. Pit Harness {continued^). BACKHANDS AND BELLYBANDS. Cut 2j4in. wide ; length from 18in. to 22in., trace ends in addition. CRUPPER. Bodv ^% by 19in. Lay,' made up 2^^ by 15in. Hip Straps, made up 1|4 by 26in. (Lined throughout). Dock Loop ^ by lOin. Pad I'^in- Lining for pad 6^^ by 20in. Basil or white leather bindings to pad. BREECHING. Body, made up 3^ by 56in. I, ay 2i^ by 54in. Muller rings and short tugs l^|in., set in, with the filling cut with small half circle extension 12in. from end for ring chapes. Loin Strap, cut 1}^ by 48m. ,, ,, tug 15^ by 5in. Rope Reins, 24ft. Billets for ditto, lin. wide No loops except in Bridle and Loin Strap Tug. Limmer Tugs, l^in., double thickness throughout. Chains for ditto, swivel with about 6 links and hook. Very loose narrow loop. MOWING MACHINE HARNESS. In addition to ordinary Plough Harness: — Pole Straps (double .leather) 2 by 36in. These should be very strong owing to the danger of injury to horses when they break, and the close proximity of the machine knives. If with light breechings, make same style as Pole Harness. Seal . ... IM by 70in. Hipstraps . ... 1% by 28in. Loin Strap . ... 1% by 48in. Tugs (4) . ... V{ by 5in. Breeching Straps . ... 1% bv 42in. The Harness Makers' Guide. 17 3 by 64in. 5 bv I6in. 3 bv 40in. 3 bv 48in. 3 by 12in. 3 by 48in. 12in. 9in, Vx bv 16in. PLOUGH HARNESS. Bridles, etc., as ordinary Cart Harness. Backband, with pipes 4 by 54in ,, pipes cut 5 by l8in. „ with chains 4 by 40in. Backband Safes to pattern Other parts as ordinary cart harness Backband, with pipes, made up ,, pipes, cut ,, with chains, made up ,, (off side), if to buckle, made up... „ (near side), if to buckle, made up Backband safes to pattern. Cruppers, cut ,, split front end ,, split back end ,, rein runner on dee Cruppers, no hipstraps and tugs. LEATHER BACKBAND. Made up 3j^in. or 4in. by 39in. Safes or flaps cut about 9in. deep, 6in. wide at bottom for about 4in., the upper part being gradually reduced to width of backbarid. These are fitted with hooks at each end. Sometimes the flaps are left plain ; in other cases they are lined with leather or check and padded, to keep the chains from chafing the horse. When webs are used for the centres they are cut from 36in. to 38in., the hooks and flaps being attached by ends or chapes cut about 9in. or lOin. long, and generally made half-circle pattern at the top. One or two rein dees are placed on at different distances from the ends, according to the districts in which they are used. ANOTHER STYLE OF PLOUGH BACKBAND. Leather Backband cut S^^in. by 60in. Turn back 6in. from each end and punch holes as for buckles in bend. Secure eye-ends of chains with pin inside the bends. Safes, lOin. long by 3i^in. at top, and S^^in. at bottom. Sew on one dee 12in. from one end, and another 24in. — i.e., on top of backband. Other kinds are made with narrower hooks, pad for top of backband, and to regulate bv one or two buckles. 18 The Harness Makers' Guide. BULLOCK HARNESS, FOR DRAUGHT BRIDLES. The various parts made as for Cart Bridles. Cheeks, made up Head, made up Front, between Throat, Point Cut in one piece Chin Strap, made as hame strap l^in. rings in Cheeks and Chin Straps Ij^ by 12j^in lj4 b} 24in by by by by by 1^ 1^ 24in. 15in. lOin. 52in. 18in. BACKBANDS. Made as body rollers 4 by 78in. Padded centre 18in, Near side from pad centre 24;n. ,, ,, ,, point straps Ij4 by 18in. Pads, with l^in. dees sewn on for reins. Pads, with l^in. rings for crupper straps CRUPPER. Body 2 by 24in ,,' split 8in ,, lay IM by 15in Strap IM by 48in Crupper folded dock to buckle. REINS. Made up (each side) 1 by 168in Lined parts 20in Couplings 1 by 84in Pole Straps 1^ by 24in Traces (with cock-eye ends) 1^2 by 78in Hame Tugs 1^ by 9in Meter Strap to slide on hame strap, and buckle to front of pad H by 28in Hip Straps (double leather) IM by 60in M ,, trace bearers (4) ,made up IH by Tin FIRE ENGINE HARNESS. BRIDLE. Heads, cut „ split Cheeks, made up Fronts, within Throatbands, cut >, ,, made up Nusph.'inds (centres only) made up 1¥ by 23in. ^ by 7in n by Sin. 13in. n by 26in. n by 19in. iM by 14in. The Harness Makers' Guide. 19 Fire Engine Harness {continued). Plain Winker Stays \\i by 12i^in. » » split %i bv Ti^in. Shoulder Tugs l}i by 18in. Traces \% by 74m. Hame Straps (top only) ^ by 22in. REINS. Drafts 1 by 84in. Couplings 1 bV 80in. Billets 1 by 13in. Handparts 1 by 72in. Particulars. — Heads split, and a ^ dee sewn in each to receive spring hook in throat. Throatbands made up with a buckle in one end, and a 3in. spring hook in the other end for near side. Nosebands slide on cheek billets, no chin pieces or points. No bearing reins or throat swivels. Driving Reins : Drafts and coupl- ings with billets ordinary style. A 5in. spring hook put on to each billet (loose). Handparts plaited or with stops sewn on. A ^in. dee sewn in one end of handparts, and a 3in. spring hook in the other end for rapid coupling. Traces made with D-shaped draw eyes with removable screwed stems. The sway-bar hook is sewn to a leather slide piece — same as a Martingale ring for gig harness — which slides on the top hame strap and holds sway-bar and traces ready for use. Collars should be wide enough to go on easily to prevent delay in harnessing the horses. Bits : Liverpool, or any cheeked bits, must take the spring hooks easily. SINGLE HORSE VAN HARNESS. BRIDLE. Backhand 1^ by lOSin. Head 1^ by 24in. ,, middle ... ' ' 48in. Head, split ^ by 7in. ,, pomt_ ... 20in. Front, cut 1^ by 22in. Shaft Tugs, cut ... \}i by 32in. Front, within ... 13 ^in. „ ,, between holes 16in. Noseband ' \y^ by 33in. ,, ,, linings ly^ by 15in. ,, centre ... 14in. CRUPPER. ,, point ... ^ by 7in. Body 2 by 25in Throatband made up yk by 21in. Bodv, split ' 8^in Winker Rounding... 1^ by 13in. Body, lay 1>^ by 16in „ ,, point 1 by Bin. Cheeks, made up 1 by 9in. Strap \y by 46in Dock 4 by 17i.^in Cheeks, billets ...1 byl2i^in. BREECHING. Winkers 6^ by6^in. Seat 2 by 45in SADDLE. Tugs \y^ by 6in Girth 2% by 28in. Placed from rings 8in „ lay \yi by llin. Loin strap ^H ^J 52in ,, strap 1/^ by 18m. ,, ,, split ... 16in 20 The Harness Makers' Guide. Single Horse Van Harness {cojitinued). TRACES. Chain End and sewn to hame ring ... 1*4 by 60in. REINS. Drafts 1% by 84in. Handparts 1^^ by 78in. Billets l}i by 14in. Hame Strap (top)... 7^ bv 24in. ,, (bottom) Ji by 19in, If with box-top saddle : — Backband with chain ends. Middle only ... 13^; by 33in. Girth 1% by 64in. „ strap 1% by 27in. PAIR-HORSE VAN HARNESS (Pole). Bellybands 1^^ by 32in. points ... Ij^ by 16in. BRIDLES. Heads 1 by 24in. „ safe 2yi by Sin. Throats (to go over head) 1% bv 42in. Nosebands 1% by 33in. centre 14in. »» point 1 bv Tin. Winkers 65^ bv6^in. Winker rounding i% bv 13in. >> strap 1 bv Sin. Fronts, made up... 1^ by 25in. CRUPPERS. Bodi es, cut ... 3 bv 42in. made up ... 3 by 39in. ,, split, front only 13in. ,, lay ... ... 2% by 25in. ,, between head slides 15in. ,, throat slides formed at extreme ends. COLLARS. No Meter Straps to Collars. TRACES, Chain Ends. Shoulder part ... 1% by 15in. Drafts 13{ by 50in. PADS. Surcingles, off side 2j^ bv 45in. „ near side 2^ by 14in. ,, lays ... 1%. by 12in. ,, straps ... \% by 20in. ,, reach just long enough to form safe for hip strap dee. BREECHINGS. Seats, made up ... 2%. by 70in. ,, lays made up 1^ by 68in. Loin straps 1%. by 44in. Hip straps points... Ij^ by 17in. Hip straps, brace pieces 1% by Sin. Tugs (8) 1% hjb%\n. First tug from ring 13%in. Between tugs 4j^in. REINS. Made up Couplings l}i byl6Sm. ly^ by SOin. Hip Straps each made with two points sewn to a ring, which is then connected to Crupper dee by a brace piece. Safes cut and fixed under rings. HANSOM CAB HARNESS. Throat, made up ... 19in. Nose, cut 1% by 30in. ,, middle ... 12in. ,, point J^ by 6in. ,, space for billets l>^in. Winker stay ... 1% by 12in. ,, ,, split 7^in. ,, point reduced to J^in. BRIDLE. Head 1^ by 23in. ,, split Tin. Cheeks, cut J^ by 30in. ,, made up Front, cut ,, within Throat, cut Sin. 1% by 21in. 13in. % by 26in. 1 ' ^4:in. Cheeks, cut ^4 by 30in. ,, made up 8in. ,, allow for billets 12in. Noseband, cut ... 1% by 29in. ,, swelled centre 12in. ,, point % by 6in. ,, billet spaces lin. Throat, cut M by 27in. ,, made up ... IQ^in. Chain Front, lining cut ly^ by 21in. „ between 13in. Winker stay ... l}i byl2^in. ,, split 7^in. ,, rounding ... 1 by 13^in. ,, „ point ^ by 6in. HAMES AND TRACES. Hame Tugs, cut ... 1}4 by 18in. ,, ,, made up 9in. ,, safes to pattern 12in. Hame strap (top) ... 3^ by 19:n. ,, ,, (bottom) 34 by I8in. Traces, made up ... 1% by 72in. SADDLE. Girth, cut 2\i by 27in. ,, short lay ... Ij-^ by llin. Girth, large loop ... 1 by 8m. Girth strap l}i bv 18in. BACKBAND. Backband IM by 96in. ,, point 18)n. ,, middle ... 39in. Shaft Tugs, cut ... 1^4 bv 24in. Shaft Tugs, between holes 12in. Shaft Tutis. linings 12in. 22 The Harness Makers' Guide. Full-Size Gig Harness iconfinued). CRUPPER. Bodv 1J4 by 23in. „' split 8in. 1^ bv 15in. Lay Strap Dock .. 1^ bv 42in. .. 3^ by 18in. BREECHING. Seat 1^ by 42in. Tugs (4) Ya by 5in. Tugs placed from ends 6in. Shaft Straps ... l^i by 32in. Hip Strap 1^ by 52in. ,, ,, split 17in. KICKING STRAP. For two wheeler... 1% by 66in. For four wheeler... 1% by 74in. Tugs 1/i by 14in. REINS. Driving Reins, drafts 1 by 78in. ,, handparts 1 by 72in. „ billets 1 by 13in. Bearing Rein, middle -U by 78in. Bearing Rein, round- ing cut ... 1 by 23in. ,, made up ... ISin. Bearing Rein, billets ^4 by lO^in. SHORT MARTINGALE. Body, cut 1 by 36in. ,,' made up ... 1 by 24in. Billet 1 by 14in. LONG MARTINGALE. Rounding, cut ... 1 by 24in. ,, made up 22in. Body 1 by 39in. Patchpiece to pattern. COB-SIZE GIG HARNESS. BRIDLE. Head, cut ... Ii^by21i^in. ,, split .. ... bVx'in. Cheeks, cut ^ by 28in. ,, made up ... 7in. ,, billets 12in. Noseband, cut ... lyi by 27in. ,, swelled centre llin. point ... ^ bySjE^in. ,, billet spaces lin. Chain Front, lining cut l^'^ by 20in. Chain Front, between 12in. Winker Stay ... 1}^ by lli4in. ,, ,, split 634in. Winker, rounding... 1 by 12in. M ,, i)C)int 3/{ by b%m. Throat, cut ^ by 26in. made up ... i8^in. HAMES AND TRACES. Hame Tugs, cut ... 1^ by 16in. ,, ,, made up 8in. ,, ,, safes to pattern llin. H.-une Strap (top)... ^^ by 18in. ,, (bottom) ^ bv 17in. Traces, made up ... l}i by 66in. SADDLE. Girth, cut 2 by 24in. ,, short lay ... 1 by lOin. Girth, large loop... ^ by 6%'\n. Girth Strap 1 by 17in. BACKBAND. Backhand 1^ by 90in. ,, point 17in. ,, middle ... 36in. Shaft Tugs, cut ... Ui by 23in. ,, ,, between holes ll^in. ,, ,, linings 11 54^ in, CRUPPER. Body Ii^by21^in. „ split 7in. Lay 1 by 14in. Strap 1 by 39in. Dock 3^ by 17in. BREECHING. Seat 1^ by 39in. Tugs (4) ^ by Sin. ,, placed upon ends S^^in. Shaft Straps ... 1 by 30in. Hip Strap lyi by 48in. ,, split ... 16in. The Harness Makers' Guide. 23 Cob-Size Gig Harness {contimied). KICKING STRAI For two wheeler... \],^ by 60iii For four SHORT MARTINGALE. ^heeler.. Tugs REINS Driving Reins, drafts ^ by 72in. ,, handparts ^ bv 66in. „ billets yk by 12;n. Bearing Rein, middle V^^ by 69in. Bearing Rein, round- ings, cut ... 1 by21i^in. ,, made up ... 17in. Bearing Rein, billets y^^ by lOin. \\i by 68in. Bodv, cut ... . .. ^ by 35in \% bv 13in. ,, made up .. ^ by 21in Billet .. ^ by 13in LONG MARTINGALE. Rounding cut ... 1 by 22in. ,, made up ... 20in. Body ^ by 36in. Patchpiece to pattern. PONY-SIZE GIG HARNESS. BRIDLE. Head, cut \y^ „ split Cheeks, cut ^ ,, made up ,, billets Noseband, cut ... 1 ,, swelled centre ,, point ,, billet spaces Throat, cut ,, made up Chain Front, lining cut 1 Chain Front, between Winker Stay bv 20in. '514: in. by 25in. 6in. llin. by 25in. lOin. ys by Sin. ^in. H by 25in. by 19in. llin. l}i bylO^in. 6i^in. Tugs placed from ends Sin. Shaft Straps :^ by 28in. Hip Strap IK by 44in. ,, split ... ISin. 24 The Harness Makers' Guide. Pony-Size Gig Harness {continued). KICKING STRAP For two wheeler ... 1 For four wheeler ... 1 Tugs 1 REINS. Driving Reins, drafts ,, handparts „ billets Bearing Rein, middle Bearing Rein, round- ings, cut ... ; ,, made up ... Bearing Rein, billets \ by 54in. by 62in. bv 12in. Y^ by 66in. ^ by 60in. ^^ by llin. fi by 60in. 1/2. by 20in. 16in. ^bv9i^in. SHORT MARTINGALE. Body, cut M t»y 30in. ,, made up ... % by 18:n. Billets ^4 by 12in. LONG MARTINGALE. Rounding, cut ... l/^ by 20in. made up ... 18in. Body V\ ^y 34in. Patchpiece to pattern. BACKBANDS, BREECHINGS, &c., FOR GIG HARNESS. FULL-SIZE. BACKBANDS (Various). French, centre 1^2 ,, points sewn on tugs Ij^ Tilbury, full length Ij^ ,, with two points 1^ ,, each point ,, centre ,, reversed sewing each side of centre Bellyband, for either French or Til- bury backband ... 1^ False backband for 2 wheeler, middle 1^ „ billets (2) \y^ I'alse bellyband for 2 wheeler, middle XV^ bv by by by bv by bv 59in. 24in. 105in. 90in. 18in. 34in. 13in. 28in. 26in. 24in. 32in. billets \V2 bv 24in. BREECHINGS (Various). Buckle Seat, cut \u, M lay 1^ ,, .. between buckles Ring points, made up \y^ Long Breeching 1^ )5 reduced for turnback to Crupper, Martingale style \y, „ reduced for turnback to BREAST COLLAR Body (folded leather) Lay' '... ;;; ,. between buckles ^^•'•■^ Strap ; ;•• 1^ ,, reduced at points to ... 2^ ... IK by 36in. by 36in. 32in. by 9in. by 126in. Im. by 50in. lin. by 39in. by 39in. 33in. bv 40in. lin. A 1 M iV I r-^^ m^-^/:-;^ '^ r -^^* Thk Harness Makkrs' Guide. 25 Backhands, Breechings, &c., for Gig Harness {continued.) COB SIZE. * BACKHANDS (Various). Frenih, centre 1^ by 36in. ,, points sewn on tuj^s 1^ by 21in. Tilbury, full length 1^ by 99in. ,, with two points L>^ by 87in. each point 17in. „ centre 32in. ,, reversed sewing each side of centre 12in. Bellyband for either French or Tilbury 1^ by 26in. False backhand for two wheeler, middle m by 23in. False backhand for two wheeler. billets 138 bv 22in. False bellyband for two wheeler. middle 13b by 29in False bellvband for two wheeler, billets ' 13^ by 22in BREECHINGS (Various). Buckle Seat, cut 13/^ by 33in. „ „ lay 1 by 33in ,, ,, between buckles 29in. Ring points, made up 1 by Sin. Long Breeching IM b'y 114in. ,, ,, reduced for turnback to lin. Crupper, Martingale style 13^ by 44in. ,, reduced for turnback to lin. BREAST COLLAR. Body (folded leather) 2^4 bv 33in. Lay' m by 33in. „ between buckles 27in. Neck Strap 1^ by 34in. Reduced at point to ?^in. PONY SIZE. BACKBANDS (Various). French, centre ,, points sewn on tugs Tilbury, full length ,, with two points ,, each point ,, centre ,, reversed sewing each side of centre Bellyband, for either French or Tilbury... False backhand for two wheeler, middle... ,, billets ... False bellyband for two wheeler, middle billets ... ^% by '53in 1% bv 18in. IK bv 93in. IJ^ by 84in, 16in, 30in llin 1^ bv 24in 15i bv 20in IK b'v 20in IK bv 26in U/s b'v 20in The Harness Makers' Guide. Backhands, Breechings, &c. for Gig Harness {contifiued.) BREECHINGS. Buckle Seat, cut 1^ by 30in. ,, „ lay n by 30in. ,, ,, between buckles 26in. Ring points, made up ^ by 7in Long Breeching i>^ by L02in ,, reduced for tuinback to ^in. Crupper, Martingale style 1^ by 38in. ,, ,, reduced for turnback to ^in. BREAST COLLAR. Bodv (folded leather) 2 by 27in. Lay' 1^ by 27in. ,, between buckles 21in. Neck Strap ;;; :;; ::: i% by 28in. ,, ,, reduced points to ->^in. PAIR-HORSE HARNESS. FULL-SIZE. RELNS. BRIDLES as Gig. Driving Reins, each side HAMES AND TRACES. 1 by 168in Hame Tugs, made ,, couplings 1 by 80in up 1% by 18in. „ billets 1 by 14in Hame Tugs, safes Bearing Rein, full to pattern ... 21in. bradoon, middle }i by 72in Short Tugs, to hame ,, roundings, cut 1 by 31in tug buckles ... lyi by Sin. ,, ,, made up 24in Hame Straps (top onlv) }i h\ 22in. MARTINGALES. Traces 1% by 78in. Body, cut ... 1 bv 36m. „ hand leather l]^ by Sin. ,, made up ... 1 by 24in. Pole pieces li^ by 60in. Billets ... 1 by 14in. 2% by ISin. 2% by 42in. lyi by 18in. 1% bv 9in. PADS Tops to pattern. Girths, near side ... ,, off side ,, points... Pad End Straps ... CRUPPERS, same as Gig. Loin Straps 1 by SOin Trace Carriers, cut 1 by 14in Patent Leather to pattern. BREECHINGS. Breechings, cut ... 1^ by 132in Breechings reduced at buckles to ... Ij^in COB SIZE. BRIDLES as Gig. HAMES AND TRACES. Hame Tugs, made up 1^ by 16in. Hame Tugs, safes to pattern 19in. Short Tugs, sewn to hame tug buckles 1 by 4^in. Hame Straps (top only) -M^ by 21in. Traces, made up ... If6 by 75in. ,, hand leather 1^ by Sin. Pol e pieces 1^ by S7in. The Harness Makers' Guide. 27 Pair-Horse Harness {continued). Cob Size {coniinued.) \ REINS PADS. Tops to pattern. Girths, near side ... 2 by 13in. ,, off side ... 2 by 39in. Girth point 1 by 17in. Pad End Straps ... 1 by 9in CRUPPERS, same as Gi«,'. Loin Straps 1 by 48in Trace Carriers, cut 1 by 13in. Patent Leather to pattern. BREECHINGS. Breechings, cut ... I^^bvl20in. Breechings, reduced at buckles to ])riv ng Reins, h side Bearin couplings billets Rein, full bradoon, middle ,, roundings, cut up by 162in. by 78in. by 13in. ,, made MARTINGALES. bv 69in. by 28in. 21in. Bo.ly, cut 1 ,, made lin. Billets PONY SIZE. BRIDLES, as Gig. HAMES AND TRACES. up Tops to pattern. Girths, near side 1% ,, off side 1% Girth points J^ Pad-end Straps 7/q CRUPPERS, same as Gig. Loin Straps ]/q Trace Carriers, cut 7/^ Patent leather to pattern. BREECHINGS. Breechings, cut 1^ ,, reduced at buckles to ... 7/i REINS. Driving Reins, each side 7/q ,, couplings 7y^ billets 7/q Bearing Rein, full bradoon, middle Ys ,, ,, roundings, cut ... 7/g ,, ,, ,, made up MARTINGALES. Body, cut ,, made up ,, billets ^ bv 33in, /8 by 21in. ^ by 13in. Hame Tugs, made up 1% by ,, ,, safes to pattern Short Tugs, sewn to hame tug buckles ^8 Hame Straps (top only) Ys Traces, made up 1% ,, hand leather 1^^ Pole pieces 1% PADS. bv bv by by bv by ll by bv by 14in. 17in. 4in. 20in. 72in 4i^in. 54in. llin. 36in. 16in. Bin. 46in. 12in. bv lOBin. by 156in. by 75in. bv 12in. bv bv uv bv 66in. 25in. IBin. 30in. IBin. 12in. 28 The Harness Makers' Guide. THREE-HORSE BUS HARNESS (for Horses to Run Abreast). Bridles as ordinary Van Harness. Breechbands 10ft. long altogether by l|in. wide, spliced in the centre, lined in the middle from 3ft. Sin. to 4ft. From each end of Breechband tapered 16in. to l^in. Buckle-pieces for Loin Straps made up, %in. by l^in. Tut in body of Breechband 18in. each way from centre of Breechband. Hip Straps, 4ft. 6in. long by l^in. Cross Straps to go from Hip Strap Pad to Hame Ring at Draft, 4ft. longby |in. wide. Billet on Cross Straps, front end, 15in. long. Back end of Cross Stiap turned back to form a loop for Hip Strap to run through. Pad for top of hips (for Loin Strap to run through, and Cross Straps to Hame Ring), lOin. long by 2iin. wide, made of fair strength of leather ; a loop sewn on either end of Hip Strap to run through. Make a pad of ^in. felt, covered with soft black leather or basil, and sew under the leather pad with loops on. Sew Hip Strap 1 row across in the centre to hold the pad in its place, and it leaves the ends loose to run the loops of the Cross Straps on the Loin Straps. HAMES ANJ) TRACES. Ring on the Draft of Hames. Erom Ring to Square, double leather 18in. long by 2in. wide. Square, 2in. wide (inside) by 4in. long (inside). Bar across centre with tong to form a buckle to take the Breechband. Two loops on Hame Tug to take point of Breechband. Back ends of Traces from Square to Chain, 3ft. lOin. long, made up, by 2^in. or 2^in. broad. Single Traces tapered at each end to fit on Square and Chain. TANDEM HARNESS. WHEELER.— Same as Gig Harness. LEADER. Bridle, Crupper, etc., as Gig Harness. Traces, full size 1% by 120in. cob size l3/^ bv 114in. ,, pony size li^; by 108in. Rems, full size 1 bv 288in. each side. " f^"b size ^ by 276in. " P""y size 3/ bv 264in. The Harness Makers' Guide, 29 FOUR-IN-HAND HARNESS. WHEEI>ER.— Same as Pair-Horse Harness. T,EA1)ER. Traces IK Ijv 66in. Reins : Drafts, t()ui)lin^by6>4;in. Throatbands S/s by 26in. Checks or bearing- rein roundings ... % ^y 22in HORSE HARNESS. PADS. ^ by 60in. . 1% by 13in. I>^byl3^in. . ^ by Sin. . f^byS^in. Centre parts Fronts made up Winker braces ,, split ... ,, point ... HAMES AND TRACES. Hame Tugs, made up 1% by 17in. Hanie Tug Safes — l^&2%by20>^in. Hame Strap (top)... ^ by 26in. Traces bv 82i Pad Tops Housings Pad Sides .. Pad Points Market Straps Market Tugs .. . 2y2 by 17in. 5^ by20i^in. 2}i by 25in. . 7/q by lOin. , 1 by 20in. . 1 by 20in. CRUPPERS. Crupper Points Docks ^by7^in. 4% by 18in. BELLYBANDS. Short lavers ^by23j^in. Bodies ' ... 1% by 17in. Long Layers ^ by 35in. Bodies 1^ by 20in. MARTINGALES. Martingales ^ by 27in. Turnbacks ^8 by 34in. ,, bodies ... 1^ by 19in. REINS. Short Reins 1>6 by 82in. Lonfj Reins ... 1% by 84in. AMERICAN BUGGY HARNESS. BRIDLE. Head ,, split Cheeks, cut ,, made up Front between Throat Winker Stay .. ... 1^^ by 23in. ... li bv 7in. ... 1^ by 28in. ■734in. ... f^byl2^in. ... ^ by 20in. . ... 1 by 12in. split 3^ by 7in. Bridle (continued). Winker Stay, billet % by 5in. Overcheck 1 by 30in. ,, split ... Yz by lOin. „ point ... ^in. ,, nose piece }i by 9in. ,, check rein ^ by 30in. billets ... i4by6^in. The Harness Makers' Guide. 31 American Buggy BREAST COLLAR. Body 2 by 36in. Neck Strap 1% by 38in. ,, ,, points fsin. ,, ,, tugs cut ^i by Tin. Traces 1 by 84in. „ lap on breast collar 12in. SADDLE. Tree Sin. Skirts 2^ by 3in. Jockeys 234; bv 4i^in. Flaps' 2% by 22in. Backband points... ^ by 20in. Tugs, cut Ji bv 20in. ,, between holes 9in. Bellyband (Griffiths) 1^ by 18in. ,', billets ... ^ by 26in. Harness {^continued). CRUrPER. Turn back style ... \y^ ! Body ... ; IJ^ ,.' split ^ I Turn back reduced to ^8 1 Dock 3^ BREECHING. Body 2 ,. layers cut ... Ij^ ,, rounds cut ... 1/% ,, from D to end Shaft Straps % Hip Straps ^i ,, ,, tugs cut ^ REINS. Drafts ya Handparts 1 by 44in. by 20in. by Bin. by 14in. by 38in. by 14in. by 12in. 6^in. by 30in. by 43in. bv Tin. by T8in. by T2in. DONKEY BRIDLE. Head, cut 1% by 19in. Head, split ^ by 5in. Cheeks, cut ^^ by 26in. Cheeks, made up 6in. Front, cut 1 by 18in. Front, within ... 12in. Throat Band, cut S/q by 18in. Throat Band, made up 14in. Noseband, cut ... 1 by 23in. „ middle ... lOin. ,, point ... f^ by 5in. Flat Winker Stay, cut 1 by llin. ., ., split % by6>^in. ,, „ point }i by4i'^in Rounded Winker Stay, cut ^ by lOin ,," ,, point y8 by 5in. HAMES AND TRACES. Hame Tugs 1>^ by Tin. Hame Strap (top) ^ by 18in. Hame Strap (bottom) ^ by 15in. Traces 1>^ by 51in. BREAST COLLAR. Body 1^ by 24in. Lay ... lya by 24in. HARNESS. Breast Collar (continued). Betweeii buckles ITin. Neck Strap 1 by 2Tin (Reduced at points to Tugs S/6 bv 4ii SADDLE. Girth 1% by I6in. ,, Lay M by 6in. ,, Strap ^ by 15in. Backband l>i by T2in. Backband, middle 30in. ,, point ... ... 16in. Shaft Tugs, cut ... 1^ by 21in. ,, ,, between holes lOj^in. ,, ,, linings lO^in. CRUPPER. Crupper Body, cut 1^^ by 18in. Split y% by6>^in. ,, Lay ^ by llin. Crupper Strap ... ^ by 36in. BREECHING. Breeching Seat ... \y% by 28in. Tugs y^ by 4in. Loin Straps 1^^ by 34in. Split 12in. Shaft Straps ^ by 24in. 32 The Harness Makers' Guide. Donkey Harness {continued). KICKING STRAP. REINS. Kicking Strap for ^^^^^^ ./4 by 66in. two wheeler ... ^ by 52in /^ ' Kicking Strap for Hand-parts % bv 54in four wheeler ... /^ by 60in. Billets ^ by llin. Kicking Strap Tugs ^ by 12in. DONKEY CART SADDLE AND BREECHING. Bellvband, made up ^M by 36in. '., Strap, made up 1^ by 21in. and Strap attached by short sidestring to tree. Back Girth (nailed on hind corner of tree to go round back part of 'body), 45in. long. Strap for same, 17in. long. Breeching Body, made up, about ... 1^ by 36in. Crupper „ „ ,, ••• 1>^ by 14in. Loose loin and hip-straps, made up, about l/z by 26in. Tugs for same, made up, about ^ by Sin. FULL SIZE GOAT HARNESS. BRIDLE. Winkers D pattern, 2fBin. deep, 3in. wide. Head ^in. wide, 13in. long. Cheeks, made cart bridle style, f^in. wide, 5}4'm. long. Ring or dee at bottom — spaces left lin. from ring for nosepiece to slide through. Front, throat and point as cart bridle, cut in one piece, f^in. by 22in. Noseband, to slide through cheeks, %m. bv 15in. BREAST COLLAR AND TRACES. Body, l^in. by 20in. ; Lay, lin. by 18in. ; between buckles, 13in. Neck-strap buckles inserted just behind trace buckles. Neck-strap, f^in. by 16in. Traces (single leather), lin. by 36in. PAD LEATHER AND CRUPPER. Leather cut 2in. by 22in. Two l^/^in. dees stitched on for reins, and one a^by50 1 by48 „ billets li^bv 8 1 by 8 Front, cut ;^byl9>^ M^ylSi^ ,, made up 14 13 PELHAM Full Size. Inches. Head, cut I^by42 ,, split, nearside }ihy %hv 8 % „ offside ^byiiby24 3^ ,, length between points 26 Cheeks, to sew on, cut... ^byl5 „ ,, ,, made up 11 „ billeted, cut ... ^byll^ „ ,, between buckles 9 ,, billets ^by 8 Reins 1 by 52 /8by48 ,, billets 8 Front, cut ^ by 19>^ ,, made up 14 Cob Size. Inches. lKby40 by^by 1% by ^ by 23 241^ Mbyl4 10 ^)ibylO^ 8 3iby 8 ^by50 ^by46 8 %byl8^ 13 Pony Size. Inches. 1 by 38 f^by^by 7 ^ by 3^ by 22 23 ^byl3 9 ^sbv 9^ 7 5/8 by ly^ ^by46 ^by 7^ Vs by 17 12 Inches. 1 by 38 ^by^by 7 ^ by ^ by 22 23 5^ by 13 9 ^by 9% 7 S/sby 7^ 34 by 48 ^by44 ^% yshyll 12 34 The Harness Makers' Guide. Riding Bridles {confimied). WEYMOUTH. He;ui, cut ,, split, Full Size Inches. ... I^'6bv42 ^bv^bV 8 ^^ by ^ by 24 points 26 near side off side ,, length between Cheeks (3) to sew onj cut ^ by 15 M »» >» made up 11 „ billeted, cut ... :^bylli^ ,, between buckles ... 9 ,, billets 7^bv 8 Sliding head ^ by 32 Reins 1 bv 52 J^bv48 ,, billets 8 Front, cut J^ by 19^ ,, made up 14 Cob Size. Inches. Ii4:bv40 g by % bV ly, ^ by ^ bv 23 ^ 24^ ^ bv 14 ' 10 ^bvlO^ 8 % bv 8 y^ bv30 ^ bV 50 ^ bv 46 8 ^bvl8i^ ' 13 Pony Size. Inches. 1 bv 38 i bv }i bv 7 /^ bv ^ b'v 22 23 f^ bv 13 9 f^sby 9^ 7 ^8 by 714 ^ bv 28 ^ bv 48 ^ b'v 44 ^% Yq bv 17 ' 12 STEEPLECHASE BRIDLES, Etc. Head, cut ,, split, near side ,, ,, off side ,, length between points Cheeks, to sew on, cut ... ,, ,, made up Front, cut ,, made up Reins, cut ,, made up l3/i n by bv by bv by by bv 42in. 7i^in. 24in. 26in. 13in. 9in. 19i^in. 14in. 58in. 54in. % bv 42in. Ya by 7^in. % bv 24in. 26in. Va bv 13in. 34 by 9in. ¥a by 19>^in. 14in. n 'bv 58in. n by 54in. The reason for cheeks being shorter than in the case of ordinary snaffle bridles is on account of large ring bits being used ; while it is always desirable in making bridles for the above purpose to give a good length of rein, exceeding rather than being under the above measurements. When ordinary snaffle bridles are being fitted with large ring bits the cheeks should be made proportionately shorter. NOSEBANDS FOR RIDING BRIDLES. In addition to the narrow, stitched nosebands (which are passed through the openings left specially for the purpose), others of a different and sometimes broader kind are frequently used, and therefore a few particulars about some of them will help to make this section of the Guide more complete. The Harness Makers' Guide. 35 Nosebands for Riding Bridles {coniimted). NOSEBAND made on %in. Spiked Rings. Front part made up 13in. long, ^in. in centre, reduced to ^in. at each end. Raised and sewn. Buckle part on near-side, made up ... f^ 'by Sin. Strap part on off-side ,, ... y^ by IQi/^in. Head-strap ,, ... % by 32m. ,, buckle side ,, ... % by 9in. Broad Nosebands 28in. long by any width from l^in. to l^in. Left broad for centre of the nose and tapered for point and buckle-end similar to a harness bridle noseband. Some piefer the head-strap and cheek sewn in ; others to loop round the noseband so that the latter slides tightly through them. In both cases the head-strap should be made to allow about the same length as in the one mentioned a'bove. In some cases these are left broad at the back, the strap-end only being reduced to receive buckle, which is fixed on by a small chape, the back of noseband thus serving as a guard or safe. SHOW BRIDLES. Cob. Gig. Carthorse. Inches. Inches. Inches. Head, cut 2i4:by22 2j^by24 23^bv30 „ split ^by 6 ^by 7 1 by 9 Cheeks, to pattern, cut 2 by 12 2}i by 14 2,% bv 16 ,, between buckles... 7 8K ' 10 „ billets M by 8 ^by 9 1 bvlO Front, between 1 by 12 l>^byl3 IK bV 1414 Throat, made up ... ^ by 18 7/s by 19 1 by 21 Nose, cut 114: by 28 IK by 30 l3Kbv34 ,, swelled middle to pattern 11 ^ i 12 K ' 15 ,, point ^ by 6 ^bv 6 1 by 7 Bearing Rein (off side)... 1 by 66 l^by72 l>iby84 „ ,, (near side) 1 bv 16 l>^byx8 li^by22 (billets) ... 1 by 8 l>^by 9 l>^bVlO Leading rein up to 16ft. long 1 l}i IM NOSE BAGS. Pony. Cob. Full Size. Cart Horse. 16 by 18in. ... 17 by 19in. ... 18 by 20in. ... 19 by 22in. LOIN COVERS. Ponv. Cob. Thill. Trace. 24 by 30in. ... 30 by 36in. ... 36 bv 48in. ... 48 bv 54in. Straps % by 22in. ... ^ by 24in. ... 1 by 24in. ... 1 bv 24in. The Harness Makers' Guide Hood. Breast Cloth. G to G i8 in. I to I 36 in. H„ H 44 .. I '. K29 ,. 4by 7 Leather blocks (oval) ... 5 by 6 ^34 by 53yi 4^bv 5% Strap & front in one, cut 1% by 20 li.8byl8 1 by 16 Reduced for strap to ... ^ by 9 ^8 by 8 y2hy 7 Bottom straps i^ by 12 y2 by 11 ^bylO HEAD COLLARS. ALBERT. Full Size. Cob Size. Pony Size. Inches. Inches. Inches. Head, cut 1% by 28 1^ by 25 14 1 by 23 „ made up Ii4by25 Iy8hv2^y2 1 by 21 Nose, cut 1}( by21 J 8 by 20 1 by 19 ,, made up l5^byl6 Ij^ by 15 1 by 14 Front, cut 1 by 21 /a by 20 34 by 19 ,, made up 15 14 13 Throat, cut I>^by21i^ 1 by 20 1 by 19 „ made up 15^ ■ 14 13 „ rounded 11 10 9 Cheeks (solid) cut ... l^^byM l>^byl2H 1 by 11 „ ,, made up ... 8^4 7 6 Back Stay, cut 1^^ by 15 l^^bylS 1 bv 11 ,, ,, made up ... 6}4 5J4 ^% Side pieces (lined) cut... I^byl2 l^byll 1 by 10 „ ,, ,, made up 5 4/3 ' 4 Buckle part, cut lj'4 by 7% l^'^by ly 1 by ey ,, „ made up ... ' 3 3 ■ 2K 38 The Harness Makers' Guide^^ Head Collars {contmued). NEWMARKET. Full Size. Cob Size. Pony Size. Inches Inches. Inches. H«d.cu. «by36 l>^b,|3 1 by30 Nose.-r"':.. ::; .••:i«by21 1.4b>.20 1 by 19 Yio.a^''': ■■■ .■.■.■l »y21 ^by20 « by 19 THioart.-:.. .■.•: .•.••l>.by21, 1 by20 1 by 19 Cheek TnearsWe only) cu.l« by l/' V^hyl2% 1 by 11 BackS..v,tr^.'^".^«bylf; M by 13 1 byll Joulpiecerc:/"... .: 1 « by 12^ V'-.y^^ 1 by 10^ ,, ,, made up ... o ^/^ When these are required with long chalbands they should be made up about the following lengths, etc. : — Full Size. Cob Size. Pony Size. Y^ by 45in. ... % by 39in. ... ^ by 33in. Head Collar Rein 1^ by 54in. „ billet 1^ by llin. Pillar Rein ^ by 42m. ,, billet ^ by 10m. BREAKING CAVESON. Head 13^ by 27in. „ split 1 by % by 8m. Buckle piece on head M by 6m. Throat ^ by 19m. Face Strap, leading from centre of nose to head, cut 1% by 28in. Face Strap, leading from centre of nose to head, made up 23in. Face Strap, leading from centre, reduced at point to }!{ by lOin. Front, cut 1 by 21i^in ,, between 12in. Lay under centre of front to form slide for face strap 1 by 4in. Cheeks, cut 1 bv 13in. ,, made up 1 by S^in Front part of nosepiece (padded) 1% by IB^^in Noseband (ofT side strap) made up ^ by 14in. (near side) made up ^ by 4i^in Small straps for fastening padded part to nose iron % bv 4>^in Lunging Rein li/ bv 144in. The Harness Makers' Guide. 39 DUMB JOCKEY. Reins J^in. by 54in. ,, billets 7/iin. by 21in. Crupper, body lU'in. by 24in. ,, split each end Bin. >> billets (2) ^in. by 48in. Dock mac e to buckle. SIZES OF SOLID LEATHER DOG COLLARS. Collie Dogs. Width. Length. Width. Length. Rounded. ^in. ... llin 12in. 13in. 3/^in. . .. 16in. ... 9in. f§in. ... 13in. Kin. 15in. Mi"- • . 18in. ... lOin. 34in. ... 14in. 15in. 16in. ^in. . . 20in. ... llin. ^in. ... 15in. 16in. 18in. Jim. . . 22in. ... 12in. lin. ... 17in 18in. 19in. lin. . . 24in. ... 14in. l>§in. ... 19in. 20in. 21in. Ii4:in. ... 21in 22in. 23in. l^in. ... 22in 23in. 24in. l^in. ... 25in 24in. 25in. li^in. ... 24in 26in. 28in. 2in. ... 26in 28in. 30in. GREYHOUND COLLARS. Broad part about 2in. by 19in. Two each narrow buckles and straps sewn on, or as lays throughout. On cutting 2in. by 19in., leave full width for 12in. taper to lin. for strap, sew dee on with lay in front of the buckle, passing strap through dee before buckling on the neck. WHIPPET COLLARS. Broad part Ij^in. or If^in. by about 13in. Light loop sewn underneath at one end for opposite end to pass through before buckling by the short strap, which is sewn on ; or continuation lay and strap as in the case of Greyhound Collars. SIZES or RUG STRAPS. Width. Length. Kin. ... 18in. 21in. 24in. ^in. 30in. 36in. 42in. Min. ... — 42in. 48in ^in. — 48in. 54in lin. ... — 54in. 60in 40 The Harness Makers' Guide. GLADSTONE BAG STRAPS. Size of BacT .. 16in. 18in. 20in. 22in. 24in. 26in Ize of Suaps ... lin. by 45m. 48in. 51m. 54in. 57m. 60m STIRRUP LEATHERS. li^in 48in. IJ^in 54in. l^in. 54in., 57in., & 60m. GIRTHS. Width of Web ... 2i^in. 2 34 in. 3in. Made up — Ponv ... 36in. 39in. — —Cob ... — 42in. 44m. " —Full size 45m. 3i^in. 48in. ROPE REINS. Shaft Horse, rope cut 28ft. Two „ „ . 48ft. Three „ „ „ 68ft. (Pin hoise billets sewn on rmg to slide on rope). Four-Horse (in double-shafted waggon), rope cut 54ft. Billets, cut lin. bv about 16l^in. FOAL SLIPS. CART HORSE FOALS. Head-strap 1 by 40in. Nose ... ... 1 bv 27in. Cheeks 1 by lOin. Head and nose crossed in ring. Cheeks apart on head ... ... ... 15in. ,, ,, nose ... ... ... llin. Hand-leather sewn on ring about 9in. DITTO FOR NAG FOALS. Head-strap ... ... .-. Ji by 36in. Nose J/q by 25in. Cheeks ^ by 8in. To cross as in above slip. Cheek.-, apart on head ... ... ... 12in. „ ,, nose 9in. lland-leatlicr sewn on rinji about Sin. a Skat of Breeching 4 feet 8 inches, lined check (double) 6xlXin. illaS) Straps, with Spring Hooks, 3ft. 9in. Loop 13in. from Hook. nr :smi MODE OK FIXING SLING U mfuns Leather on corners. SLING FOR SICK HORSE. The Harness Makers' Guide, 41 CRUPPERS FOR RIDING SADDLES. Horse Size. Cob Size, Pony Size. Body, cut 1^ by 16 ,, made up ... 14^^ „ split 6 Strap n by 24 Dock (for rounilinj;)... 1% by 15 l}i by 14 12^ /8 by 21 1^ by 14^ 1% bv 12in, llin. Sin. ^ by 18in. 1^ bv 14in. These are generally made up with one loop sewn in where strap is sewn on to body, an additional loop about 3in. further back, and a slide loop on the strap. If required specially strong, a lin. strap is put on the horse size, and the body made l^^in. wide. Occasionally a broad piece of leather is folded for the dock instead of making them round. TAIL CASE FOR PONY. Depth Width Strap when buckled" ... Tin. Sin. ,., 32in, GAG HEAD AND REIN (Riding Bridle). Loose Head-stiap ^ by 27in, Cheeks, from end of rein ... ... ^ by 12 to 14in. ,, rounded ... ... ... Sin. Reins, made up ... ... ... % or J^ by S4in. If head made like ordinarv bridoon, long-side 36in. SIDE SADDLE BALANCE GIRTH, Etc. Loose Girth, made up ... ... ... Ij4 hy 42in. Strap on off-side of saddle 1 by 17 or ISin. Strap screwed on near-side point of tree (in slanting position) ... ... 1 by 15in. If attached to looped stiirup leather on the near-side instead of strap on tree point, the stirrup leather is made about lin. wide by 2ft. 6in, Ordinary leather girth sewn on side saddle flap, about l^^in, by 2ft. 6in. Strap for same, about lin. by ISin. 42 The Harness Makers' Guide. EXTRA THROATBAND FOR HARNESS BRIDLE. (i.e. when sewn into a small ring or dee fastened in cheek near ' the bottom of winker). Off-side, with buckle I3in. Near-side Strap O^in. Slightly longer if sewn into the cheek without a dee. HOPPER STRAP. 7ft. long, IH'in. or l^^in. wide. DONKEY BODY ROLLER. Web ... 4ft. 3in. | Strap ... 1ft. Sin. RACE SURCINGLE. Web, about ... 2^ by57in. | Strap 1 by 24in. BREECHES OR LEGGING STRAPS. Made up ji'm. or ^in. wide by 17in. or 18in. long. COUPLING STRAPS. FOR WAGGON OR DRAY HORSES. Made up Ij^in. wide by 33in. and 27in. FOR CALVES. Made up about IjE^^in. by 29in. long. Waterine Chain in the centre. NECK COLLAR (for Tying up Beast). GUN STRAP (OR SLING). Long-side made with loop sewn on the end opposite to punch holes, the latter being passed through loop when fastened on gun. l^in. wide by 30in. Short-side looped in similar way, but buckle-end passed through loop before buckle and loop are sewn in to receive the long side. Made up l^in. by 15in. The Harness Makers' Guide. 43 RIDING BREASTPLATE. Neck-strap, cut ^ by 2Q%m. Made up (from bend to bend) ... 23in. Crestpiece, cut l}i by 14in. (Tapered to ^in.) Made up (from bend to bend) ... 9in. Wither-straps, cut f§ by 26 to29in. Made up 24 to 27in. Bottom (or girth part), cut l^in. wide by 46in. (tapered to lin. Made up (from ring to bend when buckled), 36in. MACHINE BELTING. The usual lengths of joints and number of lines of sewir each case : — Length OF Joints. Lines of Sewing. Width of Belt Single. Double S mgle. Do uble lin. ... 3in. — ... 2 lines. . .. — l%m. Sin. — ... 2 5 J .. — l^in. ... 33^in. — ... 2 5J .. — I3^in. ... 3 ^4 in. — ... 2 M .. — 2in. .. 4in. ... 3in. ... 2 1) .. 2 lines 2Kin. .. 4i^in. ... Sin. ... 2 >> . 2 »» 2i4in. ... 4i^in. ... Sin. ... 3 J1 .. 2 ,, 2;>4in. .. 4 14 in. ... 3in. ... 3 ,, . 2 ,, 3in. ... 4>^in. ... 3Min. ... 3 JJ .. 3 ,. 35 . 3 ,, 3Kin. .. 4>^in. ... Z%\n. ... 3 >> . 3 55 4in. .. 4^in. ... 334in. ... 4 >J . 3 ,, 4i^in. .. 43^in. ... 3^in. ... 4 ,, . 4 >> 5in. .. 5in. ... 4in. ... 4 5> .. 4 >> 5^in. .. 5i^in. ... 414:111. ... 4 55 . 4 55 6in. .. 55^in. ... 4^in. ... 4 J5 . 4 51 eyzin. .. 6in. ... 5m. ... 4 ,, . 4 ,, Tin. .. 6^in. ... b%m. ... 5 55 . 5 5> T^in. .. Tin. ... 6in. ... 5 55 . 5 5> Sin. .. T^in. ... 6>^in. ... 5 55 . 6 55 9in. .. 8in. ... Tin. ... 6 55 . 6 55 lOin. .. Si^in. ... T^in. ... 6 55 . 6 55 llin. .. 9in. ... Sin. ... 6 55 . 6 „ 12in. .. lOin. ... 8>^in. ... 6 . 6 ,, The length of joints allowed is for stout ends. For shoulder, and light ends of strips the joints must be proportionately longer to produce an even substance throughout the belt. 44 The Harness Makers' Guide. Machine Belting {continued.) Best Quality Machine Belting : Its average weight per 100 feet, and price per foot : — Price Per Foot. Weight Per 100 Feet. ^'idth. Sir s. igle. d. Double. s. d. Single. Double. lin. ... 0 4 — .. 6>^lbs. — \%\n. ... 0 554 — 8lbs. — I'^in- ... 0 7 — .. nibs. — l-^in. ... 0 8 — .. 141bs. — 2in. ... 0 9 ...19. 161bs. ... 26i^lbs, 2i|in. ... 0 10 ... 2 0. .. 181bs. ... 301bs. 25^in. 0 ... 2 2 . .. 221bs. ... 361bs. 234 in. 1 2 ... 2 4 ., .. 25lbs. ... 411bs. Sin. 3J^ . ... 2 7.. . 281bs. ... 461bs. 3i4in. 1 b% . ... 3 2.. . 331bs. ... 551bs. 4in. 10 ... 3 7.. . 391bs .. 651bs. 4i^in. ::: 2 1 ... 4 1 .. . 451bs .. 741bs. Sin. ... 2 5 .. 4 6.. . 521bs ... 861bs. 5^in. ... 2 7 .. 4 10 .. . 561bs. ... 931bs. 6in. ... 2 9 ..5 4.. . 601bs. . ,.. lOOlbs. e^^in. ... 3 0 ..6 0.. . 641bs. ... 1061bs. 7in. ... 3 4 ..6 6.. . 68Ibs. .. 1121bs. 7Uin. ... 3 8 ..7 2.. . 721bs. . . ,.. 1201bs. Sin. ... 4 0 .. 7 10 .. . 761bs. , ... 1271bs. 9in. ... 4 7 .. 8 11 .. . 941bs. . .. 1561bs. lOin. ... 5 2 .. 10 0 .. . 1041bs. . ... 1721bs. llin. ... 5 9 .. 11 6 .. . 1141bs. . .. IQOlbs. 12in. ... 6 6 .. 12 7 .. . 1241bs. . .. 2061bs. The Harness Makers' Guide. 45 ESTIMATE SHEET No. 1. SET OF BEST THILL HARNESS, WITH BRASS FURNITURE. Particulars. 154 in. X 24in. 2in. l^in. ^in. lin. %m. 6^in. X 15in. X 48in. X 54in. X 26in. X 24in. X 78in. X 9in. X 13in. X 6^4 in. 6j^in. X 6^in. Brass. With swivel. Winkers sewn 9 to inch, other parts 8. BRIDLE. Ozs. Head ... ... 5 Nosepiece (lineil) 8 Front, Throat and Point ... 11 Off-side Rein 13 Near-side Rein 7 Cheek Straps (2) 6 Check Rein and Billet 12 Facepiece Strap 3 Cheeks and Brace Pieces ... 10 Winker Linings 12 s. 10 d. 10^ Leather @ 2/- per lb. 51bs. 7ozs. Patent Leather Winkers @ 2/8 80ZS 1 4 One Pair Rosettes 0 5 Two S. Hooks 0 4 Two Scallopes 254:,in., lluted 0 6/a Four li4;in. Buxton Buckles 0 8 One lin. ,, ,, 0 IK Three ^in. whole Buxton Bu ckles ... 0 4Ka Four 1^4 in. Rings 0 8 Two ^in. Dees for Cheeks ... ... 0 2 One Flyer 0 7K. One Jointed Noseplate ... 0 6^ One Facepiece ... 0 3>^ One Galvanized Check Rein Chain 0 9 Hemp, Wax, etc ... ... 0 6 Labour, 13 hours @ 6d. ... 6 6 £1 4 Q'A (Leather 12/2^^, Furniture 5/6, Sundries 6d., Labour 6/6.) l>^in. X 30ft. 32in. Ij^in. X 26in. REINS. 3 34 lbs. Leather @ 2/- Two l^in. Brass Buxton Buckles Labour, 1^ hours @ 6d. HAMES. Best Solid Brass (— ) Brand Hame Strap, 6ozs. Leather @ 2/- One l^in. Buxton Buckle Making Hame Strap 15 0 0 8 6 0 2 16 4 46 The Harness Makers' Guide. Estimate Sheet No. 1 {contimted.) Particulars. s. d. 23i^in. Collar (bought) 10 0 ly^'m. X 17in. Collar Straps, lOozs. Leather @ 2/- ... 13 12in. X 22in. Housing Patent Leather, lib. 8ozs. Leather @ 2/8 4 0 lin. X 9in. Housing Straps (2), 3ozs. Leather® 2/8 0 6 Two lin. Housing Buckles 0 2 Two Fluted Scallopes 2i^in 0 Sy^ Labour, 4 hours Co, 6d. ... ... ... 2 0 18 7^ (Collar 10/-, Leather 5/9, Furniture lO^^d., Labour 2/-.) SADDLE 18in. X 24in. Patent Leather for Housing, 31bs. @ 2/8 Linings for Housing, lib. @ 1/6 li.^in. wide. Girth and Strap, lib 8ozs. @ 2/- Meter Buckle Pieces, Bozs. @ 2/- Crupper Loop, 4ozs. @ 2/- One 12in. Tree ... One 12in. Pad (bought) One Pair Galvanized Australian Irons... One Pair ^in. Beads Brass. One Pair Rings and Clips ,, Four 2^in. Fluted Scallopes @ 5/3 ... ,, One Pair of Ridger Bars... ,, Three l^/^in. Buxton Buckles Four Tie Strings for Pad Hemp and Wax ... Top sewn 9 to inch, Making, 12 hours @ 6d. ... other parts 8. £1 8 0 1 6 3 0 1 0 0 6 1 4 3 6 0 10 1 1 1 0 1 9 1 0 0 6 0 4 0 4 6 0 L 11 8 (Leather 14/-, Tree 1/4, Pad 3/6, Furniture 6/2, Sundries 8d., Labour 6/-.) MARTINGALE. Ij^in. wide. (iirth, ) iu t .u ^ o/ n n ^4 in. wide. Ring Straps, I lb. Leather @ 2/- ... 2 0 Linings for Facepieces, l^lb. Leather (^ 1/4 ... Brass. Four Facepieces @ 3/6 ... ,, One L)^in. Ring .. One Ijjin. Buxton Buckle »> Two -):(in. whole Buxton Buckles Labour, 1^^ hours @ 6d (Leather 2/8, Furniture 1/10, Labour 9d.) 0 8 1 2 0 2 0 2 0 4 0 9 5 3 The Harness Makers' Guide. 47 Particulars. 3in. X 72in. 2^in. X 70in. l^in. X 50in. l^in. X 27in. Sj^in. X 20in. 2^in. wide. Sewing 8 to inch. Estimate Sheet No. 1 {contifiueti). BREECHING AND CRUPPER 1- Seat and Lay, bs. Leather @ 2/- .. Loin Strap, lOozs. Leather @ 2/- Hip Straps, 12ozs. Leather @ 2/- Tugs (4), lib. Leather % 2/- Crupper Bodv, 12ozs. Leather (@ 2/- .. Lay and Billet, lib. 4ozs. Leather @ 2/ One 25^in. Brass Buxton Buckle Four l^^in. ,, „ „ Two 2%\n. Brass on Iron Dees... One Pair 3j!^in. Galvanized Contract Breeching Irons Labour, 16 hours @ 6d. ... Hemp, Wax, etc IR s. d. 8 0 1 3 1 6 2 0 1 6 . 2 6 0 5 0 8 • 0 sy. 2 1 8 0 • 0 8 £1 9 zy. (Leather 16/9, Furniture 3/10^, Sundries 8d., Labour 8/-.) Stout single leather. Brass WANTEY, WITH TWO BILLETS. Body, 3i^in. wide by 36in. long. Billets, ZYzin. wide by 30in, long. 3^1bs. of Leather @ 2/-... .. ... 7 0 J. Two 3^in. Buxton Buckles 1 7 Labour, 1^ hours @ 6d. . 0 9 Hemp and Wax TOTAL. 0 2 9 6 Bridle 1 4 8>^ Reins 0 8 6 Haines and Strap 0 16 4 Collar, Housing, etc 0 18 7^ Saddle 1 11 8 Martingale 0 5 3 Breeching and Crupper ... ... 1 9 3^ Wantey 0 9 6 £7 3 10^ This shows the prime cost of harness. Trade profit differs with each locality, so that no attempt will be made to add this in any of the estimates. In taking the cost of leather at 2s. per lb., and labour at 6d. per hour, this has been done for simplicity in working out each item. Where these do not correspond with the prices paid, the difference must be allowed for. 48 The Harness Makers' Guide. ESTIMATE SHEET No. 2. PL\IN MEDIUM QUALITY BRASS THILL HARNESS— NO WANTEY, REINS, CHECK REIN, OR MARTINGALE. BRIDLE lbs. ozs. Particulars. V/^iu. X 24in. l^in. X 48in. Ij^in. X 54in. l^in. X 24in. li^in. X 15in. li^^in. X 13in. 634in. X 7^in. Head ^H Throat, Front and Point ... 9^ Off-side Rein 12 Near-side Rein ... ••• ^^4 Nosepiece ... ••• •• ^ Cheeks 9 Winkers and Brace Pieces ... 1 1 Winker Linings 12 Leather @ 1/8 4 lOy^ s. d. 7 9 Brass. Sewing 8 to inch all parts. Four l^^in. Buxton Buckles Four l^in. Rings Two S. Hooks Labour, 9 hours ^ 6d. ... Hemp, Wax, etc 0 8 0 8 32in. li^in. X 26in 24in. Ij^in. X 16in. Circular. 18in. X 24ii l^^in. wide. (Leather 7/9, Furniture 1/8, Sundries 5d., Labour 4/6 HAMES. ^ Brass Cased with Japanned Tackle Hame Strap, 5ozs. @ 1/9 One l54^in. Buxton Buckle Making Hame Strap COLLAR AND HOUSING Collar (bought) Collar Straps, 9ozs. Leather @ 1/9 Housing, 14ozs. Leather @ 1/9 ... Labour, 3 hours @ 6d. ... Hemp, Wax, and Thongs SADDLE. Housing, 3lbs. Leather @ 1/9 ... ,, Binding, %\h. Leather @ 1/9 Girth & Strap, lib. 6oz., Leather @ 1/9 Meter Buckle Pieces, 8oz. Leather @l/9 Crupper Loop, 4ozs. Leather @ 1/9 One 12in. Tree Carried forward ... 14 4 0 I' 2 11 9/3 G. ... 10 0 1 0 1 7 1 6 0 4 14 5 5 3 0 lOi^ /9 2 4^2 ./9 0 10^^ 0 S% 1 4 11 2 The Harness Makers' Guide. 49 Estimate Sheet No. 2 {continued.) Particulars. Brought forward One 12in. Pad (bought) ... One Pair J^in. Beads Rings and Screws... Three l^^in. Buxton Buckles Four Tie Strings for Pad Hemp and Wax All parts sewn 8 Labour, 10 hours @ 6d. ... to inch. s. d. 11 2 2 9 1 1 0 10 0 6 0 4 0 3 5 0 £1 1 11 (Leather 9/10, Tree 1/4, Pad 2/9, Furniture 2/5, Sundries 7d., Labour 5/-.) 3>^in. X 60in. 2^in. X 58in. \%\n. X 48in. li^in. X 26in. No safes. Sj^in. X 24in. 2^in. wide. Sewing 8 to inch. BREECHING AND CRUPPER. I Seat and Lay, S^^^lbs. of Leather (a 1/9 6 7 Loin Strap, lOozs. Leather @ 1/9 ... 1 1 Hip Straps, 12ozs. Leather @ 1/9 ... 14 Tugs (4), 12ozs. Leather @ 1/9 ... 14 Crupper Body, lOozs. Leather @ 1/9 ... 11 Lay and Billet, lib. 2ozs. Leather @ 1/9 1 11^ One 2j^in. Brass Buxton Buckle .. 0 5 Four l>^in, ,, „ „ ... 0 8 Two 25^in. Brass Dees 0 8j4 One Pair 3^in. Japanned Breeching Irons 1 3 Labour, 15 hours @ 6d. ... 7 6 Hemp, Wax, etc 0 8 £14 7 (Leather 13/4>^, Furniture 3/0^, Sundries 8d., Labour 7/6.) TOTAL. Bridle 0 14 4 Hames and Strap ... 0 11 9^ Collar and Housing 0 14 5 Saddle 1 1 11 Breeching and Crupper 14 7 £4 7 0^ 50 The Harness Makers' Guide. ESTIMATE SHEET No. 3. SET OF PLAIN PONY HARNESS, BRASS FURNITURE, NO BEARING REIN. BRIDLE. Head Nosepiece (lined centre only) Cheeks Throat Winker Stay Winker Lininj/s Particulars, l^in. l>§in. ^^in. S^in. 'lin. X 20in. X 25in. X 25in. X X I6in. llin. Brass. Ozs. 4 5 5^ 3 Leather @ 1/8 Hb. 4^ozs. Patent Leather for Winkers, 4ozs. @ 2/- Fancy Patent Leather Front Pair Winker Plates Pair Rosettes ^-doz. f^in. Wire Buckles One Common Pony Wilson Bit Labour Hemp, etc. d 2 6 10 3K 4 4 6 3 8 7 ^in ^in (Leather 3/6, Furniture 1/0^, Sundries 6^d., Labour 3/6.) REINS. Drafts and Billets, 14ozs. @ 2/- 1 9 Handparts (brown) 1 3 Two ^in. Buckles 0 2 Makinfj, etc. 0 8 X 20ft. X 54in. 3 10 HAMES, & TRACES. COLL A I'! Plain Leather Collar Pair All-over Ring Draft Hames Hame Strap, 6ozs. @ 1/8 Two ^in. Buckles Traces, lib. lOozs. Leather @ 1/8 Pair Chain Ends ... Sewn 7 to in., 4 rows. Making Traces and Hame Strap Hemp and Wax ... 18in. l}iin. X 54in. Polished. SADDLE. 4in. Plain Flap Saddle, with Screw Skirts ... Pair Plain Wire Terrets ... Plain Knob Girth, Strap & Lay, lOoz. Leather @ 1/8 Ji'm. Roller Buckle Carried forward 0 6 7^ SH 7 6 6 19 ey^ 12 6 0 1% 0 6 1 OH 0 1% 14 6% The Harness Makers' Guide. 51 Estimate Sheet No. 3 {continued.) Brought forward ... Making and Sewing on Girth and Strap Hemp and Wax ... 14 614 0 9 0 1 15 4K Particulars. XYi^xn. X 81in, l^in. wide. Sewn 4 rows, 7 to inch. Backhand Tugs B.\CKB.AND AND TUGS. lbs. o/s. 1 6 10 Leather @ 1/8 per lb. Two \y^'\Y\.. Tug Buckles. Pair Tug Loops (brass) . One l^in. Roller Buckle Making Backhand Making Tugs Hemp and Wax ... 2 0 (Leather 3/4, Furniture 1/0^^, Sundries 6d., Labour 5/9.) BREECHING AND CRUPPER. Ij^in. & ^in. Breeching Seat and 4 Tugs... 10 oz. ^in. Shaft Straps ... ... ... 5 ,, lYxin. Split Hip Strap 7 ,, Ij^in. & 'i/^\n. Crupper Bodv, Lay and Strap 8 ,, 4 3 2 6 3 6 10 1% Leather @ 1/8 per lb. lib. 14ozs. 3 \% Four ^in. Buckles 0 3 Three ^in. Buckles 0 3 Two li^in. Rings ... 0 2H 9, once round. Making Breeching Seat and Tugs 2 6 Plain Hip Strap ... 0 4 Crupper 0 7 Making Breeching Straps 0 6 Hemp and Wax ... 0 3 Paper Dock lid., L abour 0 8 8 8 (Leather 3/li^, Furniture 8>^d., Sundries 3/11.) TOTAL. Bridle ... 8 7 Reins ... 3 10 Collar, Hames and Traces ... ... 19 iiV-z Saddle ... 15 4K Backhand and Tugs ... 10 7^ Breeching and Crupper ... 8 8 £3 6 7v, 1 0 0 4 0 6 0 7^/^ 0 4H 0 9 0 1 1 6 6 6 15 7M 52 The Harness Makers' Guide. ESTIMATE SHEET No. 4. SET OF PLAIN, BRASS-MOUNTED TRADESMEN'S HARNESS (Full Size). l^'m. Strapping and Bridle. l>^in. Traces and Backhand. BRIDLE. s. d. 2 ^^ lbs. of Leather @ 1/9 per lb ? ^i^ Patent Leather, 6oz. @ 2/8 per lb Pair Winker Plates ,, Rosettes ... Chain Front Pair Plain Swivels ... ... Twelve ^in. Buckles Two ^in. Rin<^s ... ... One Flat Ring Wilson Bit Making Bridle : Winkers and front sewn 12, noseband 10, other parts 8 to inch (Leather 4/11^, Furniture 2/4, Sundries 1/10, Labour 6/6.) REINS, lin. x 24ft. Drafts and Billets, Ij^lbs. @ 1/9 Pair lin. Handparts ... Pair lin. Buckles Making ... COLLAR. 22in. Plain Stage Collar HAMES, HAME STRAPS, AND TRACES. Pair 23in. All-over Brass Ring Draft Hames Traces, l^^jin. X 6ft., Leather 3^1bs. @ 1/9 Hame Straps, Leather J^lb. @ 1/9 Two 3i:^in. Buckles Pair Galvanised Trace Chains Making Traces, Sewn 4 rows Making Hame Straps (Leather 6/2, Furniture 5/1 J^, Labour 6/4.) 2 2% 1 10 0 2% 1 0 6 3 9 6 4 3 5 8% 0 5% 0 1% 0 9 6 0 0 4 17 7>^ The Harness Makers' Guide. 53 Estimate Sheet No. 4 {continued.) SADDLE. 6in. Plain Solid Leather Cab Saddle Girth, Strap and Lay, 14oz. Leather ((bj 1/9 One li^in. Roller Buckle ... One Pair Plain Terrets One Plain Knob Making Girth, Strap and sewing on to Saddle s. d. 15 0 1 6/, 0 2y^ 1 1 0 4 1 0 19 2 BACKBAND, l^in. x 8ft. 2lbs. 6oz. leather @ 1/9 Shaft Tugs, 13oz. Leather @ 1/9 One \y^\n. Roller Buckle Pair lyzin. Tug Buckles Pair l^in. Tug Loops Making Backhand, sewn 8 Making Tugs, sewn 8 (Leather 5/6, Furniture 1/7, Labour 6/-. 4 2 1 4 0 3>4 0 11 0 41^ 3 6 2 6 13 1 CRUPPER. Body Ij^in., Strap and Lay l^in. wide, 13oz. of Leather @ 1/9 One l^in. Buckle Dock (paper) Making Crupper BREECHING. Seat li^in. x42in., 14oz. Leather @ 1/9 Four Tugs, 6oz. Leather (^ 1/9 Four ^4 in. Buckles Two l^(in. Rings Making Breeching, sewn 9, Tugs 8 (Leather 2/3, Furniture l%d., Labour 3/9.'! 4 4 3 5^ 1 7 0 8 0 3 0 4H 3 9 6 71/4 SHAFT STRAPS. Shaft Straps 1]{ X 30in., 12oz. Leather @ 1/9 Two 1^4:in. Buckles Making 1 4 0 4 0 6 2 2 54 The Harness Makers' Guide. Estimate Sheet No. 4 (continued.) HIP STRAP. Makin traji li^in. X 4ft., lOoz. Leather % 1/9 . 1 1 ... 0 4 ft TOT-\L. s. 1 5 d. Bridle 15 7^ Reins .. 5 3 Collar 9 6 Hames, Hame Straps and I'races... 17 7K Saddle 19 2 Backhand and Tugs .. 13 1 Crupper .. 3 5^ Breeching .. 6 v^ Shaft Straps .. 2 2 Hip Strap .. 1 5 Hemp, Wax, etc. 2 6 ;^4 16 5 The Harnkss Makers' Guide. 55 ESTIMATE SHEET No. 5. SET OF LINED GIG HARNESS, WITH SILVER-PLATED I URNITIRE.— MEDIUM QUALITY. ^in. Bridle ; l^in. Traces, Backhand and Tugs ; l^in. ing ; lin. Crupper and Shaft Straps. Ordinary Beari to Bridle. BRIDLE. 2j^lbs. Leather @ 2/4 6oz. Patent Leather @ 3/- 1 doz. ^4;in. Buckles @ 3/- Chain Front Pair Rosettes Pair Ball Swivels Two ^in. Rings Pair Winker Plates ... Nickel-silver Liverpool Bit Making. Winkers, sewn 14 to inch Cheeks sewn 12 to inch Head, \vith Lay, sewn 13 to inch P'ace Piece sewn 14 to inch ... Noseband sewn 13 to inch ... Front sewn 14 to inch Winker Strap sewn 13 to inch Bearing Rein, with grooved roundings Breech- n« Rein s. d. 5 3 1 I'/J 3 0 1 10 2 0 2 6 0 6 0 4 4 0 2 6 2 6 1 0 1 4 2 8 1 8 1 2 2 3 ;^1 15 754 (Leather 6/4^, Furniture 9/10, Bit, etc., 4/4, Labour 15/1.) COLLAR. 23in. Patent Leather Collar HAMES. All-over Hames, with Finger Draft and Ball Dees Shoulder Tugs, lib. Leather @ 2/4 Hame Straps, %\h. Leather @ 2/4 One Pair Ij^in. Buckles ... ... Two ^4 in. Buckles Making Tugs (no savers) sewn 11 to inch, and nvetting to Hames Making Hame Straps 12 6 3 54 lbs. Leather @ 2/4 Making, sewn 11 to inch TRACES, Ij^in. X 5ft. lOin. . 16 0 2 4 0 7 2 3 0 6% ! 4 0 0 6 £^ 6 2^ 8 9 . 10 3 19 0 56 The Harness Makers' Guide. Estimate Sheet No. 5 {continued.) SADDLE. 6in. Patent, Lined Flap Pair Ball Terrets Hook One lin. Roller Buckle Girth, Short Lay and Strap, li4:ibs. Leather @ 2/4 Patent Leather Patch Piece Making Girth, sewn 10 Making Strap, sewn 12 once round Sewing on Girth and Strap ... s. d. 19 0 5 0 1 6 0 654 2 11 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 8 £^ 11 9^3 (Leather 3/1, Saddle 19/-, Furniture T/O^^, Labour 2/8.) BACKBAND, l^in. x 8ft. 3in 2i^in. x 2ft. 4in. ^^Ibs. Leather @ 2/4 19 5ozs. Leather for covering Tugs @ 2/4 ... ... ... 0 9 Making Backhand, centre sewn 4 rows, 11 to inch ... 3 0 Making Points, sewn once round, 11 to inch ... ... 2 9 Covering Tugs (no savers) ... ... ... ... ... 2 0 Pair of li^in. French Tugs 1 0 0 Two l^in. Roller Buckles 1 8 Cost of French Backhand Cost of Harness No. 5 Deduct :— Backhand 12/-, Shaft Tugs 8/7 Add Cost of French Backhand and Tugs ... Cost of Harness with French -Backhand ... £1 16 7 ... 9 9 ... 1 0 3 7 8 8 ... 1 16 8 7 £10 5 3 60 The Harness Makers' Guide. SUPPLEMENTARY ESTIMATES. V\N B\CKBAND l^in. x 9ft. ; Middle, 3ft. 9in. ; Strap, 1ft. 9in. s. d. 3^1bs. Leather ^2/- 134 in. Brass Swage Roller Buckle Making, sewn 8 to inch, middle 4 rows Hemp and Wax COB B.\CKBAND, l3/6in. X 7ft. 6in. ; Middle 5ft. 3ir., Leather, lib. 14ozs. @ 2/. l3t?in. Brass Wire Roller Buckle Making, sewn 10 to inch, 4 rows in middle Heu.p and Wax NEW MIDDLE TO BACKBAND, l>^in. x 3ft. 6in., sewn 10 to inch, 4 rows. Leather, lib. 2ozs. @ 2/- Labour Hemp and Wax 5 10 7 a 0 5 4 6 0 6 12 5 Point 18in. 3 9 0 3^/. 5 0 0 ^% 9 5 sewn 10 to 2 3 3 3 0 4 NEW PAIR OF POINTS TO TRACES, each li^m. X 17in., sewn 11 to inch, 4 rows. lib. Leather @ 2/- 2 0 Labour ... ... ... ... ... ... 3 0 Hemp and Wax 0 4 5 4 3in. TIE WANTEV, 12ft. long, Double Part 7ft. Leather, 41bs. ra, 2/- 8 0 Galvanised Chain Hook, lib. 6ozs. (3 5d. lb. ... ... 0 7 Making, sewn 8 to inch, 3 rows ... ... ... ... 3 6 Hemp and Wax 0 4 12 5 4in. LEATHER BODY ROLLER, 6ft. 6in. long. 234 lbs. Leather ^2/8 7 4 Two Straps, Ij^in. x 18in. ; Two Chapes and four Loops— 341b. (S^ 2/8 2 0 Eatings and Cross Pieces from Calf Roundings, 6ozs. @ 1/4 0 6 Serge nnd Doe Hair 0 6 Two l;;(in. Tinned Buckles 0 2 Making, hand-sewn throughout .. 4 6 Flax, etc. 0 3 15 3 The Harnkss Makers' Guide. 61 Supplementary Estimates {continued.) MAKING 60ft. X Sin. MACHIiNE BELTING (:5ingle). £ s. (1. Leather, 311bs. @ 1/6 2 6 6 Sewing 14 joints, 4 to inch, 3 rows, @ 3d. Hemp and Wax Cutting, Preparing and Finishing Belt, 3j4 hours (a), 8d Rivets and Washers ... ... ... ... 3 6 1 0 2 a 0 4 12 13 8 MAKING 30ft. X 6in. DOUBLE LEATHER BELTING, SEWN HELVETIA LACES. 321bs. Leather @ 1/6 5 doz. i^in. X 3ft. Helvetia Laces @ 1/7 Sewing ... Cutting, Preparing and Finishing, 6 hours (F3i5| 66 The Harness Makers' Guide. appear, in fact, as if just carved out of a piece or block of wood. It is really marvellous to notice the different tastes that some people have for monograms, amongst them, some of high artistic intelligence. One, for instance, will adopt a style as severe as another's is ornate and complicated, and whilst some like huge designs, the monograms of others are of infinitesimal pruportions. The handles used for this work are not round, and there is nothing at the bottom of the hand to catch against the article you are engraving. It is difficult to engrave a medal- lion or coin. To try and hold it seems absurd, therefore it must be a fixture. Get a small tin box, bl( eked and very firm ; heat the lid till it will melt a piece of engraver's wax (such as is used for brass door plates, etc.), melt enough on the lid to hold the coin, and drop the latter on the wax when hot ; then let it get cool. It will then be ready to operate upon, and will not be easily moved. Silver mounts, etc., are difficult to sketch on with pencil, especially where monograms are wanted, but this can be easily overcome by putting your finger on a piece of Russian tallow or hard fat, and smearing it over the surface, which may then be sketched upon wi.hout scratching it. To try and put the reader into the way of sketchin i a monogram is a verv difficult thing, as no two letters will go toge>her in exactly the same way. Perhaps the plainest monograms, of which this is \^l I \ Y n^ another variety, are "The Roman." It looks a /r^im^^-nl ^'sry easy matter to sketch a monogram of this '-^ ' ^ description, but it requires the most careful handling, ^s imperfections here show up more distinctly than in many of the more complicated varieties. Embossed monograms for notepaper and cards which are raised upon the paper are, of course, struck up from dies which descend upon the paper when it is resting upon a bed of gutta-percha. The time taken over a monogram, naturally enough, depends upon the size and the amount of labour to be put into it. Some monograms would take as lon-^ to sketch on the article as another would to engrave. The wholesale prices of engraving monograms, etc., are as follows: — Cypher monograms on mounts, etc., 3s. 6d. each; fancy two-letter blocks, on mounts, etc., 4s. 6d. ; inscriptions on small plated articles, per dozen letters, Is. ; coats of arms, 7s. 6d. and 10s. 6d. each ; double lined two- letter cyphers and monograms, bv the dozen, 6s. The sizes of Steel Munogram Dik. The Harness Makers' Guide, 67 you have looks wel monograms vary so much that whilst an ornamental cypher could probably be put on to the handle of a spoon in about ten n»inutes, spread over the back of a watch it mii^ht take a couple of hours! Some intricate designs, of course, take days to complete. Just a capital specimen of a 'thiee-letter monogram on anything. Amongst curious monogranTs, a notable one was seen which consisted of the .entire twenty-six letters of the alphabet, a design far too complicated to be reproduced here. Five of its letters were done in gold, six in b:own, six in violet, and nine in green. Where the same monogram is to be engraved upon a number of articles — sav spoons — the first one finished is taken and rubbed over with printing ink — that is, ink used for printing newspapers or placards. Wel after you have applied the ink to the monogram with the end of your finger and rubbed it well in, and then wiped off with a piece of damp paper (ladies' curl paper is the thing), enough ink has remained in the cuts to mark the paper, and this in turn transfers an impression to the next subject. The monograms A.M. and J.T. are in perfect "gothic" style. It must be understood that monogram work such as is done bv the best engravers only — a trade which is most difficult to- learn in all its ^^^^W^ branches — is treated of now. ■ J[^^ ■ Here, attention may be called to ^j^^ tW the fact that — as in the design ^^*^l^ beneath — letters are sometimes ■ '^ • reversed for the sake of appear- ance, when the reverse letter is not to be read, this monogram not being C.C.L., but C.L. A few years ago, great numbers of people collected monograms, just as they now do stamps, etc., and displayed them in their albums. The writer remembers reading an article on engraving, some years ago, which stated that it takes an apprentice three years before he can properly sharpen an ordinary graver. Besides being cut into articles, monograms cut out of gold oi silver, metal-plated or gilded, are often fixed on them, these being teimed "piercings," because they are pierced or cut out, and are most often done with a fret-saw (like you may have seen queen's or king's heads cut out of pennies), and afterwards carved up or ornamented by- hand. Some of these are very expensive indeed, especially when ornamented with precious stones. Not everyone can correctly read even a three-letter monogram. The next one, here shown, is of course D.B.R., the D.B. being read in the ordinary way from left to right, and you know the R stands for the surname, because it is made the most important letter. Some ^ 68 The Harness Makers' Guide. monograms upon harness are difficult to read, but whenever you get a letter hatched or shaded as in the accompanying cut, you may know that it is to be understood as the initial of the surname. Where there are more letters thev are grouped according to the skill of the artist, not jumbled up anyhow, letter of the three is th\ Where one lade to stand out prominentlv, and where there is no reading from left to right, a different course is adopted. Another three- letter design is here depicted. The S is now the last letter because you see it is hatched ; of the other two the O is the smaller, therefore you are informed that the reading is B.O.S. If you can think of these easv rules vou will be able to make out a good many of these devices, and take more interest in any monogram of notable heads that you may meet with. It is a fact that there are not a few people to whom a monogram, composed of more than two letters, is as unintelligible as a time-talDle or directory. They may, perhaps, know what the letters in themselves are, but as to the order in which thev should read them they are entirely ignorant. COPPER-PLATE ENGRAVING AND DIE SINKING. Inscriptions or Monograms engraved, and all classes of Copper-plate Engraving and Die Sinking undertaken bv T. Kirby & Sons Limitedt Walsall. The Harnkss Makkrs' Ciidi:. 69 USEFUL RECIPES. A Suitable Cement for Joining thk Si-i.k ks of Machink Belts. — Take lib. of best French t^lue, break it u[) and soak il in just enough water to cover for 12 hours, then {)our olf the un- absorbed water, and brin<; the ^due to a licjuiil state bv heat. The two surfaces to be joined must each receive a thin cuatini^ ; tlie\ are then joined, and immedJately put under a press. Cement for Joining Leather. — Soak for one chiy, one poun.l of common glue in enough water to cover, and one ])nund of ismghiss in ale droppings, then mix together and lie.il gently until boilitig ; at this point add a little pure tannin, and keep boiling fcjr half-;in- hour. If the glue and isinglass, when mixed, be too thick, add water. This cement should be used warm, and the jointed leather pressed tightly together for 12 hours. — " Chemical Recipes." Paste for Patent Leather. — The following is a French recipe for preserving the gloss of patent leather: — Melt pure wax over a water bath, place on a moderate coal fir?, add first some olive oil, then some lard, and mix intimately by stirring ; next add some oil of turpentine, and finally some oil of lavender, fill the resulting paste in boxes, where, on solidifying, the necessarv consistency will be acquired. To restore the gloss to the leather, apply a little of the paste, and rub with a linen rag. This will keep the leather soft and prevent cracking. Permanent Paste is made by adding to each half-pint of flour paste, without alum, 15 grains of corrosive sublimate, previously rubbed to powder in a mortar, the whole to be well mixed ; this, if prevented from drying by being kept in a covered i)ot, remains good any length of time, and is therefore convenient ; but unfor- tunately it is extremely poisonous, though its excessively nauseous taste would prevent it being swallowed .accidentlv. It possesses the great advantage of not being liable to the attacks of insects. To Join Leather. — By adding a little vinegar to ordinary glue, any two substances, such as leather and iron, may be effectively joined. Waterproof Glue. — 10 parts linoleate of manganese, 20 parts best white glue, 5 parts water, 2 parts yellow oxide of lead. Soak the glue in the water until the latter has become absorbed, then gently heat it to render it fluid ; meanwhile heat the linoleate of manganese to about 400 degrees Fah., and stir it in the hot melted glue. When well incorporated, mix in the lead oxide, and, if too thick, thin with more hot linoleate of manganese. As this compound dries very quickly, it is best to use it hot and freshly prepared, as it does not readily melt when heated, owing to the oxidizing action of the lead salt on the constituents of the linoleate, whereby insoluble linoxide is formed. — " Chemical Recipes." A Good Black, Especially for Chamois Skins. — Four ounces of ground nut galls, one pound of green nut shell (butter nut pods) are- boiled in two quarts of water for one hour, and strained. Then one ounce of iron filings, half an ounce of common salt, and one quart of vinegar are mixed, allowed to stand for an hour, and added. 70 The Harness Makers* Guide. .\ Good Wax tor Bridl:-: and Brown Leather Work.— lib. ot bees wax, 'ilb. clear resin, and ^^Ib. white lead Heat all these I, .-ether in' a vessel ov.r a slow fire, and, when thorou-hly me ted and well mixed, puur it into a bowl of clean water, and proceed to null it as in making ordnarv wax. The more it is pulled, the more tenacious will it be found in adhering to the threads, and cementing the work together. \ Polish for Belt Edges.— For polishin^^^ the edges of machine belts add two tablespoonfuls of melted glue to half-a-pint of wair;, then 'add a little red ochre to colour it. Apply this to the edges whilst in a hot state, and pohsh with a coarse doth. Ball Black for Leathi-r Straps. — >^oz. isinglass, J40Z. m.ligo, 4oz. logwood, 2oz. soft soap, 4oz. glue softened, and 1 i.ini vinegar. Well mi.x, warm, strain, and allow it to cool. Black Leather Lacquers for Cheap Articles.— Dissolve 12oz. black pitch in 35 fluid ounces of turpentine. Black Varnish for Leather.— Rub 2oz. lamp black in 8 ll. oz. turps, and separately digest 24oz. shellac, lOoz. ven. turps, and 4oz. Sandarac resin i'n 192 fl. oz. methylated spirits. When these resins have dissolved, mix the turps and lamp black mixtures, ant) well shake the whole. Brown Cream or Paste for Brown Leather.— Melt some s[)ermaceti w\ax in a gallipot or earthenware vessel placed in a sauce- pan, when fluid, stir in some olive oil and some lard. The relative (juantities of these two ingredients will determine whether the compound is to be a cream or paste, more oil being used for the former, and wax if a paste is desired. When these articles are thoroughly incorporated by stirring, add some tine, of annatto or turmeric, according to colour desired, or a little solid Bismark brown may be used as a colouring matter — a few grains is sufficient to a jioun'd of cream. There is one advantage and one drawback in using this aniline dye, viz : It readilv siezes on leather and permanently stains it, and this prevents the leather showing a worn or shabby appearance, but it also deepens to a dark brown by fre(|uent applications. When the colouring matter is well mixed, add some oil of turps, and finally oil of lavender cs a ])erfume. Tiie portions will be determined by the operator. Well stir the whole compound, and keep it simmering from 5 to 10 minutes, then ladle it out into tin boxes to congeal, if for a paste ; but, if cream is desired, thin with a larger quantity of turps to the required con- sistency, and bottle off. To use this compo, smear a little over the leather with a sponge or linen rag, and, when well rubbed in, polish with a piece of flannel or felt. Brown Compo. — 20 fl. oz. good malt vinegar, 10 fl. oz. filtered water, 2oz. good glue, 1 dr. soft aoaj), Idr. isinglass, colour win .Tnnatlo or turmeric. Mix the water and vinegar, and dissolve glue in the fluid by gently heating it, add colouring and the other ingredients, and boil from 10 to 15 minutes; strain the mixture, and bottle. To use this compo, lay ;t on with a rag or flannel. The Harness Makers' Guide. 71 Dressing for Belts (Adhesive). — 51b. tallow, lib. yellow- wax, 21b. common chalk, lib. black lead, and lib. resin. Dissolve these together by gentle heat. Put upon the belt when slighllv warm. Be sure ancl keep well stirred in the kettle while a])plying it to the belt. I'se a little at a time and fre(|ueiitl\ . For RuniJiNG I'p Brown Edges, make a solution of oxalic acifl and add to gootl harness compo. Harness Blacking. — Melt 21bs. mutton suet, 61bs. bees' wax, when melted, stir in 61bs. sugar candy, 2i41bs. lamp black, 21bs. soft soap, and J^lb. indigo in powder, and when the whole has been thoroughly mixed by heating and stirring for an hour over a slow fire, add 5^-gallon oil of turps. Harness Blacking Polish. — Heat together, over a slow fire, 16oz. white wax and 24oz. turps. When the wmx has dissolved, mix in 8oz. ivory black and loz. powdered indigo. Stir the mixture till cold. Take a little of this compound on a cloth or piece of flannel (old is best) not flufTv, and polish with a shoe brush. Harness Blacking Compo. — l^^^oz. yellow wax, '^^oz. powdered indigo, 5^oz. powdered extract of logwood, loz. powdered drco black, 7oz. spirits of turps. Melt the wax in turps over slow fire, then the other ingredients, and mix together. Keep in a vessel from which the air is excluded, and stir well before using. Apply with a sponge or soft brush, and polish with a hard brush. Harness Compo Renovator. — Dissolve ^oz. isinglass, or best gelatine, and 8oz. glue in 1 quart vinegar in separate vessels. Extract the goodness from 8oz. logwood by boiling it in 1 quart vinegar, strain and dissolve in it J^oz. indigo. Mix the two com- pounds. Add 4oz. soft soap, and strain. Harness Grease or Soap. — 4oz. ammonia soap, loz. palm oil, 3oz. ordinarv hard soap (pure), and l3<^oz. of a solution of tannin, made by digesting 9 to 16oz. tannic acid in 4oz. water. Gently heat the oil and soap together until melted, using a water bath, then add the ammonia soap, and lastly the tannin solution. Well mix by constantly stirring, and put into stoneware jars. The ammonia soap is prepared by heating olive oil to the boiling point, and then stirring in sesqui-carbonate of ammonia (in powder) until the smell of ammonia that is given off remains permanent in the compound. Do not lay on more than the leather will absorb. Harness Makers' Black Wax. — 21b. of Stockholm pitch, 21b. resin, ^^'-pint seal oil. In summer add more resin and less oil. Put the ingredients into an iron vessel, and melt over a slow fire. When thoroughly melted and incorporated, pour into a pail of cold water, and work' the wax well until it swims, then cut into balls. Harness Makers' Jet. — Boz. gelatine, 6oz. gum arabic, 1^2 pints water. Dissolve these together in an oven, then add 12o/. treacle and lOoz. ivorv black. Stir occasionally, and, when cold, bottle off. Apply with a sponge. This will not resist water. Harness Polish.— 4oz. glue, 1% pints vinegar, 2oz. gum-arabic, 5^-pint black ink, 2 drachms isinglass. Break the glue into small 72 The Harness Makers' Guide. parts, put in a basin, pour over it about 1 pint vinegar, and let it stand until soft. Put the gum in another vessel with the ink till dissolved. Melt the isinglass in as much water as will cover it. To mi.\ them, pour the remaining vinegar, with softened glue, into a saucepan, stand on a gentle fire, stir till perfectly dissolved — see it does not burn at bottom, and not reach boiling point, about 180 degrees Fahr. Next add the gum, heat again, and add isinglass. Apply with a sponge. iNFLrfciBLE Black Japan for Leather. — Dissolve 16oz. shellac in Z}^ pints wood naphtha, and add sufficient lamp black to colour. Leather Dressing. — A fine, brilliant, elastic dressing for leather can be made as follows: — To 31bs. of boiling water, add, with continual stirring, i^lb. white wax, loz. transparent glue, 2oz. gum Senegal, l^^oz. white soap, and 2oz. brown candy. Finally add 2i^oz. alcohol, and after the whole is cooled, 3oz. fine Frankfort black. The dressing is thinly applied to the leather with a soft brush ; and, after it is dried, it is rubbed with a piece of fine pumice, and polished with a stiff brush. Liquid Renovator for Patent Leather. — Paraffin oil 48 parts, oil of lavender 1 part, essence of citronelle 1 part, spirits of ammonia 2 parts. Method of preparation: — Mix all together, :ind shake the bottle before using, laying on a coating with a sponge, and polishing with a soft cloth or leather afterwards. P.A.TENT Leather Polish. — The following recipe is given by ix German journal as being a good patent leather polish : — Take 60 parts whale soap and 500 parts water. Let this soak over-night. Also 60 parts glue, 500 parts water. Let this soak over-night. Boil these each separately, adding the first to the second. When thoroughly boiled add 15 parts wax, 10 parts lamp black, and boil again. Applv very sparingly to the leather. The Cleansing of Machine Bands. — To cleanse a machine band, it should first be scrubbed with a brush and warm water anrl soap, and then, while it is still wet, a solution of ammonia should be rubbed in, which will saponify the grease in the band. Immediatelv after this, the band must be well rinsed in tepid water, and then stretched out to drv. Before, however, it is quite drv, smear the inner surface — and slightly also the outer surface — with the following preserving solution, viz. : 1 kilogramme of india- rubber heated to 50 degrees, mixed with the same quantity of rectified oil of tur[)entine. When this is completely dissolved, 780 grammes of colophonium is added, and after that 750 grammes of yellow wax. When this is well mixed, 3 kilogrammes of train oil, to which 1^^ kilogrammes of melted tallow has been adde^l, are poured in, stirring briskly all the while. When the band is in use its inner surface only shouUi be smeared, the outer- surface not being done after the first time. By this mi^Piis, the tannin squeezed out of the band is rej)laced, slipping is pjevented, and the band remains elastic. One kilogramme equals 21bs. S^ozs. ; loz. equals 28 grammes. The Harness Makers' Guide. 73 Dyeing Leather. — The . introduction of aniline dyes has brought about a simple and effective means by which articles in small quantities may be dyed without the necessity for providing the extensive plant required when the work is carried out by the old wood dye process. As harness makers frequently require a piece of leather of a particular shade, or have in hand some article which may be brought more to the taste of the purchaser if suitably coloured to his fancv, a few recipes, with instructions for preparing the leather, are given with a view to assisting the novice in bringing about the desired change of colour. The surface of the skin must first be well washed with warm water, the advantage of which is that the dye does not penetrate so quickly, and may thus be spread more evenly over the surface. A mordaunting fluid is next ap[)lied ; this diflers according to the colour of the dye to be used. For all light shades, the mordaunt consists of 1 part phosphate of soda dissolved in 100 parts of water. For various shades of browns, a very small quantity of tartaric acid is added to the above, the proportion being J^oz. of tartaric acid to 20 gallons of the mordaunt solution. For all blue and green colours, the following mordaunt is recommended : — 10 gallons water, lib. phosphat-e of soda, lib. dextrine, ^^oz. tartaric acid. It is much better to commence with weak dve solutions, when aniline colours are used. See that no cracks, scratches, cuts, musty grain, or other imperfections are on the grain side. The least scratch or blemish is sure to be more conspicuous when finished than when in previous state, and it is impossible to obtain evenness of shade when the grain is musty or bruised, because the damaged places are sure to absorb the dye more readily than where the grain is perfect. A good plan for testing the colour, is to first apply it to a piece of scrap leather, and allow it to dry. All aniline dyes dry a lighter shade than when wet. To increase the depth of colour, give two or three coatings, draining the skin well before each additional coat is given. The n-ethod of preparing the dye is simple. It is only necessary to dissolve aniline in hot water at the rate of about 240 grains (half an- ounce) to 10 quarts of water. The dyes, after being dissolved, must be strained through a linen cloth. They are applied with a brush, which is dipped in flat, and the dye distributed as evenly as possible. A very nice light tan colour is prepared from Phosphine No. 1., while Phosphine No. 2 gives a somewhat darker shade, and Phosphine No. 3 a dark brown. Water. Bright Straw Colour. — 1 Napthalin Yellow to 400 parts. Golden Yellow.— 1 Methanil Yellow to ... 100 „ Violet.— 1 Methyl Violet to 100 „ Light Green. — 1 Victoria Green to 200 Dark Green. — 1 Extra Brilliant Green to ... -100 ,, Sky Blue.— 1 Water Blue D.N. to 200 ,, Imperial Blue.— 1 Water Blue D.N. to ... 100 BufTfj ^ !^" . Vto400 .. \ 1 Frsme | Reddish Brown.- 1 Seal Brown to ... ... lOo 74 The Harness Maksrs' Guide. Metallic Polishing Powder.— Well dry on a plate or piece of paper 15oz. carb, magnesia, 15oz. precipitated chalk (carb. lime), and 25oz. ferric oxide (red ox. iron). Then mix all these powders together, and sift several times through fine mesh sieve. Put up in air-tight boxes. Metal Polishing Paste for Plated Harness. — 21b. precipi- tated chalk, 6oz. spirits turps, 3oz. spirits of wine, Ij^oz. spirits camphor, and ^oz. liq. ammonia. Mix the fluids together, and then gradually stir in the chalk. The metal should be covered with this compo by means of a sponge, and, when dried, polished off with a chamois leather. Polishing Paste for Brass. — Mix 3oz. oxalic acid in 1 quart of hot water, then mix by stirring in lOOoz. powdered pumice stone, 2oz. oil of turps, 12oz. soft soap, and 12oz. olive or rape oil. Polishing Paste for Metal. — No. 1 : 2oz. liq. cocoa-nut oil, and stir into it 2oz. Tripoli powder, loz. alum, loz. tartaric acid, and loz. white lead. No. 2 : 4oz. cocoa-nut oil, 2oz, lye of 30 or 40° strength, 5oz. colcothar, 5oz. water, and loz. spirits of sal-ammoniac. Make a soap of the oil and lye, by stirring the oil with the lye. Having separately stirred up the col. red ox. of iron in- the water, mix with the soap, and add spirits of sal-ammoniac. Polishing Paste for Silver Plate. — Mix 3oz. turps with 8oz. water, and boil in this mixture, until dissolved, lib. of hard, curd soap, and then stir in 6oz. liq. ammonia. To Remove Spots from Leather. — To take grease out of leather, apply white of egg to the spots, and dry in the sun. Repeat till spots are gone. To Restore Patent Leather. — One pint raw linseed oil, 4ozs. cider vinegar, 2oz. spirits of wine, loz. butter of antimony, ^oz. spirits of hartshorn, and J^oz. oil of lavender. Shake them well together and they are ready for use. Apply with soft brush, and polish with cotton pad until dry. Embrocation. — Ingredients : 1 gallon white wine vinegar, J4 gallon oil of turpentine, 20 eggs (new laid), and J^-pint liquid ammonia. The eggs are first broken into a large jar or dish, and well beaten with a whisk until thoroughly assimilated. Procure the best white wine vinegar, and place in a large vessel over the fire, carefully watching that it does not boil. The turpentine is put into another vessel, and heated to about 180 deg. Fahr. The eggs, having been suitably prepared, pour on to them the hot turpentine — constant stirring taking place — and, afterwards, the heated vinegar. A continued motion must be given to the mixture for at least three hours to ensure proper blending of the ingredients. Getting the right heat to the various ingredients, when the mixing takes place, and keeping up an uninterrupted movement to the admixture, will ensure perfect union of the parts, and give an emulsion free from any kind of sediment or floating liquid when bottled off, and allowed to stand for a time. Stencil Ink. — A good ink for stencil purposes may be made by mixing the following : — 4ozs. whiting, 4ozs. ground gum-arabic, 4oz. ultrnmarine blue, 2oz. of warm water. The cost is trifling. ^^ Actual Makers ^/ WRITE FOR FULL CATALOGUE. THE "PREMIER" BRAND OF COMPRESSED FIBRE TRUNKS. Covered in Best Canvas, Hand-Prepared on Superior Fibre Plates. At the TOP-OF-THE-TREE For Appea.ra.nce, Price, Lightness, and SIrength. DRESS, ^ SUIT, ( ft Madk IN CABIN, TRUNKS. BONNET, CASES. ^ ^i^f>jf overland) Ac, ^ ^V^ Telegrams : Pound, London." *40eNHALL ST., ^° t*o' Heleplione : 4278 Avenue. D3VID BIRD, MANUFACTURER OF KVERY DESCRIPTION OF Harness Furniture, Names, Brass, German and Nickel Silver Caster. PATENTHE AND SOLE MANUFACTURER OF BIRO'S PATENT "BULLDOG" CLIPS (No. 25074) FOR RING DRAFT NAMES. Made to Screw or Rivet. Saves time and leather, as will be seen at once on referring; to sketches below. Back View. Rivet. Screw. Front View. O^ i This Patent is also applicable to any part of Harness. TO BE OBTAINED FROM ALL r SADDLERS' IRONMONGERS, OR Central Works, Shaw Street, WALSALL THE BEST BITS ON EARTH When you purchase a Bit, see that the words Hawkins Never Rust' are stamped upon it, otherwise you get an inferior article, the Trade being flooded with cheap goods stamped with misleading names, which are only imitations. ONLY ONE QUALITY-THE BEST, (0 H z i (0 o o ■« o so 1^ (^ 3 m «« ^ -r — 3. -5' 08 O r^ — • fl) — r+ y S S < E The Genuine Article requires NO SCOURING, simply w^ash 6 wipe it. Always a bright STEEL colour, which jj NFVFR RUST " will not go yellow^ or corrode, and w^ill Supplied by Saddlers only. Specially adapted for Yeomanry Fittings. Refuse to purchase unless our Trade Mark or Name appears on every Article. BITS, STIRRUPS & SPURS MADE IN ALL PATTERNS. Inventors and Sole Wholesale Manufacturers— HAWKINS LTD., WALSALL. Our Complete PRICE LIST, with Illustrations of everything a Saddler requires, sent on application. Nat. Telephon-e No. 1 08. ESTABLISHED 1880. L.>ndon Address-^R Tew. ^^^^^^ C. C. WALKER & MOLD ltd] M.^NJUFACTUREKS OF AI.I. KINDS OF MALLEABLE Bucklcs. Riditi9 atid Drioina Bits. iRONFouNDERs. fiarticss yumlturc. Sc>> 'TriARK^rs. DESPATCH FOUNDRY AND BUCKLE WORKS, STAFFORD STREET, WALSALL. No Cutting ~ Sleigh's SHOW-CARDS ANI> TESTIMONLALS ON APPLICATION. SADDLERS ONLY SUPPLIED. Embrocation MINIMUM PRICE FIXED ALLOWING A GOOD PROFIT TO THE RETAILER. It will PAY YOU to handle Sleigh's Superior Embrocation, as it bears a much larger profit than other similar preparations, and is acknowledged to be the strongest and most efificacious on the market. Sales are largely increasing. f*%A± in 2/- stnd 1- Bo-fc-bles. MANUFACTURING SLEIGH & CO., .^=3 WALSALL ^yiTE^s: lATEBS! v5rE:BS! J. WALKER & SON ^r/rB^iri'otr 17 and 18 North Bar, BANBURY. inatiuracmrcrs i^ factors or !f.;;^^?:r„r/"„!.;°-^f.;-;'.T„' OF WEB, BANDAGE & SADDLE SERGE, KERSEYS, BLANKET RUGS, HORSE CLOTHING, COLLAR CHECK, &c. T «r o o u 1 1 f..nnDi..c.. w u 1 ROLLERS, GIRTHS, BRACES, J. W. & S. are the sole makers of "COBB'S " Webs, ns used „,. ,^ „.«,>-«...> ^ n the Royal Mews and by the principal West-End Houses, BELTS, BANDAGES made and which have the world-wide reputation of a century. up on the Premises. HANDFORD GREATREX Telegrams- "BARK, WALSAUr National Telephone- 149. & CO. LTD Oak Bark Tanners, Curriers, Japanners. &c. Coach, Saddle, Bridle, and Harness Leather. WHITTIMERE STREET, LICHFIELD STREET, RUSHALL STREET, WALSALL SHUTT & MARSHALL, \^^A^ Siloer Platers $ Brass Founders, ^ Manufacturers of |)3|»||^$$ FUrtlltUre ""'' "° '^ EVFKY Description of & Export Customers' Patterns kept Strictly Private, CASTERS TO THE TRADE in Brass, Nickel, Gun Metal, &c. FREDERICK STREET WORKS, WAI.SAtL.. T. P. LEE, Leather Merchant & Importer (nothing like leather), BUSH LANE HOUSE, CANNON ST., LONDON, E.G. GUMMINGS & GO.'S IMPROVED BROWN LEATHER [dying Dye For Finishing Edges of all kinds of BioLun Leather. Chamois Leathers, for Stable use, &c. Tan Sheep, for Saddle Covers, ( Waiters, &c. Strained and Unstrained White Sheep. Buck, Doe and Fawn Skins, for Sauule Scats, Breeches, Strappings, &c. Buff Hides, for Accoutrements, Whip Keepers, t'^c. White and Coloured Mock Buck, Doe, Antelope, Reindeer, and Norway Doe Leather, &c., &c. BUCK TALLOW (guaranteed Will keep any length of time without deteriorating. Best and only thing of its kind ever discovered. ONCE USED ALWAYS USED. Supplied through Wholesale Houses. IN TINS. X/^^ "^ '''"^^• pure), for Curriers' Use. Free Sample sent on application A// Leather carefully selected absolutely suitable for anv stated />7irposc. at the Manufactories : Southgate, & 1, 2, & 3 Bell Lane, NO CONNECTION WITH ANY OTHER FIRM OF A SIMILAR NAME. GLOUCESTER. WHOLESALE ONLY. H. DUNKLEY'S Improved Clippers BUYERS, PLEASE NOTE ONLY ADDRESS— t3f Dalston Lane, LONDON, N.E. No connection with any other Firm trading in same Name. OVERTON & CO., Saddlers* Ironmonacrs, 27, 28 & 28i FREER STREET, WaLSALL. Proprietors and Publishers of Cl)c Sadaiers' Rca Book Which contains 123 pages of ELABORATE Ii,IAISTRAT10N5 with full Price Lists. By far the best and most comprehensive Album of Harness, Saddlery, Bridle Work and^Stable Requisites in the market. SPECIALITIES: ^ ''OCO" METAL HARNESS FURNITURE. The hardest, brightest, and most durable metal yet discovered. Will neither rust nor tarnish. Price only a little above nickel. REGISTERED DIAMOND PATTERN HARNESS FURNITURE The handsomest pattern on the market, and as easy to clean as any other. 'LADAS,' 'BLACK BESS,' 'ROYAL' and 'STANDARD' vLlr ■ En^a Cannot be beaten for quality 01 price. JosEPft Dixon, Saddlers^ Tools Manufacturer^ ?iiBLEWELL Works, WALSALL. THE LARGEST AND BEST TOOL MAKER IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, t^* e^?* ^^^ EVERY KIND OF SADDLERS' TOOLS ALWAYS IN STOCK. (^ 5^ t^ All Tools Marked "J. DIXON." Insist upon liavinc; Tools of this Brand, which may be obtained from vlt^uiCin^ at 20u vVivoiuuiO Read North firatton, MA 01535 CURRIERS - V the ^i>v t it> I ^w NWErcHiEn C .^\t