ORBEiK THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS ALASKA VOLUME V H. A. E. VOL. V FRONTISPIECE TREE MOSS NEAR SITKA HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. ADVERTISEMENT. The publication of the series of volumes on the Harriman Alaska Expedition of 1899, heretofore pri- vately printed, has been transferred to the Smithsonian Institution by Mrs. Edward H. Harriman, and the work will hereafter be known as the Harriman Alaska Series of the Smithsonian Institution. The remainder of the edition of Volumes I to V, and VIII to XIII, as also Volumes VI and VII in preparation, together with any additional volumes that may hereafter appear, will bear special Smithsonian title pages. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, WASHINGTON, D. C., JULY, 1910 HARRIMAN ALASKA EXPEDITION WITH COOPERATION OF WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ALASKA VOLUME V CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY BY J. CARDOT, CLARA E. CUMMINGS, ALEXANDER W. EVANS, C. H. PECK, P. A. SACCARDO, DE ALTON SAUNDERS, I. THERIOT AND WILLIAM TRELEASE NEW YORK DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 1904 COPYRIGHT, 1904, EDWARD H. HARRIMAN. PREFACE THE present volume, comprising papers on the cryptogamic plants of Alaska, has been prepared under the general direction of Professor Trelease, who distributed the material to spe- cialists and has kindly read the proof. Owing to the number of authors and their wide geographic separation, it has been im- possible to secure uniformity of treatment. Acknowledgments are due these several authors for the trouble they have taken in preparing their respective papers. The delicate and appropriate chapter headpieces of this vol- ume are the work of Mr. F. A. Walpole. The papers relating to the flowering plants (Phanerogams) have been prepared under the general direction of Mr. F. V. Coville, and will form two volumes, which are expected to ap- pear in the early part of 1904. C. HART MERRIAM, WASHXNGTON, D. C., Editor. May /, 1903. (v) CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ix INTRODUCTION. By William Trelease I FUNGI. By P. A. Saccardo and William Trelease n LICHENS. By Clara E. Cummings 65 ALG^E. By De Alton Saunders ........ 153 MOSSES. BY J. Cardot and I. The"riot 251 SPHAGNUMS. By William Trelease 329 LIVERWORTS (HEPATIC^E). By Alexander W. Evans 339 FERNS AND FERN ALLIES (PTERIDOPHYTES). By William Trelease 373 INDEX 399 I vii ) ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES PAGE Plate I. Moss-draped tree, Southeastern Alaska Frontispiece II-VII. Fungi 54- 64 VIII— IX. Lichens 150-152 X-XXIX. Algaj 212-250 XXX-XL. Mosses 308-328 XLI-XLIII. Hepaticae 368-372 XLIV, Pteridophytes (Dryopteris aquilonaris} 398 TEXT FIGURE Fig. I. Botrychium lunaria incisum 377 (ix) CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY OF ALASKA INTRODUCTION BY WILLIAM TRELEASE IN the organization of the scientific corps of the Harriman Alaska Expedition the phanerogams were assigned to Mr. Frederick V. Coville, of the United States Department of Agriculture, with Mr. T. H. Kearney, Jr., as assistant, and the cryptogams to Prof. William Trelease, of the Missouri Botanical Garden, with Prof, de Alton Saunders as assistant. While their ultimate responsibility for the treatment of their particular groups was not lost sight of, each of these gentlemen, though giving principal attention to his own group, collected all other botanical material which could be cared for ; and Prof. W. H. Brewer, of Yale University, and Prof. B. E. Fernow, of Cornell University, both accomplished botanists, as well as other members of the party whose immediate interests were in other fields, made large additions to the collections in both departments of botany. In the results of the Expedition re- corded in this volume, all of these collections are taken into account, and credit is given to the respective collectors in the chapters treating of the several groups of plants. It was evident that the proper examination of the cryptogamic material required the care of specialists, and too much can not be said in acknowledgment of the service rendered by Professors P. A. Saccardo and C. H. Peck, who appear as joint authors of the chapter on Fungi ; of Messrs. J. Cardot and I. Theriot, to whom is due the treatment of the mosses, exclusive of Sphag- num; of Dr. C. Warnstorf, without whose study the species of (O 2 ALASKA BOTANY the latter genus could scarcely have been named ; and of Prof. A. W. Evans and Miss Clara E. Cummings, who contributed the chapters on Liverworts and Lichens, respectively. From the first Professor Saunders devoted his attention almost exclusively to the algae, and his chapter contains numerous references to the assistance of special authorities on some of the included groups. In the preparation of my own chapter on the Pteridophytes I have received the benefit of similar criticism and suggestion, which is duly acknowledged. The present volume, therefore, represents not only the aggre- gate information on flowerless plants obtained by the Expedition as a whole, but the added knowledge of what has been learned of these plants by others — a knowledge which only experts could contribute ; and I am sure that I am warranted in express- ing to all of the collectors, and to the contributors to the vol- ume, not only my personal gratitude, but that of Mr. Harriman and the editor of the publications of the Expedition, Dr. C. Hart Merriam. The plants that first catch the eye in a region seen for the first time are usually flowers and trees ; still the ferns and their allies do not occupy a greatly subordinate position in the general impression produced by the flora, and, in proportion as either of these more conspicuous elements fails in any region, the flower- less plants in one or another of their groups assume accentuated prominence. The coast region of Alaska is marked in the southern district by the grandeur of its forests, reaching to approximately the middle of Kadiak Island and the corresponding part of the adjacent peninsula ; and, in common with other regions of high latitude or altitude, by the brilliancy of its flowers beyond the forest area. The smaller and more brightly colored plants are usually overtopped and suppressed, except on the mountains, where toward and above the timber line the usual alpine condi- tions are reached. And yet, a second glance at even the forest region reveals a wealth of cryptogamic vegetation, which gives to the flora a character it would lack were this element removed. No small part of the charm of the brilliantly colored mountain tops and prairies is due to the setting of their flowers in beds of INTRODUCTION 3 fern and moss ; decaying skeletons may be the nidus of con- spicuous tufts of Tttroplodon or some related genus ; and other- wise naked cliffs are everywhere colored in soft but pleasing shades by their own lichen flora. Landing at almost any point in the forest region, one is so fully occupied with the task of clambering over or under fallen trunks and picking a precarious way through the undergrowth of devil's club and other shrubbery, that it is not until he has forced his way some distance from the shore that he pauses to admire the immense trunks which surround him ; and later still comes the realization that the ground is ankle-deep with mosses of the most luxuriant growth, which, saturated from the frequent rains, cover every moldering log, tapestry the living trunks, and hang in festoons from the branches, often so densely as to have smothered the less vigorous outer trees exposed to the wind and to occasional spray from the sea, in this respect recall- ing the effect sometimes produced in subtropical regions by the trailing Tillandsia, on our New England coast, as in Alaska, by species of Usnea, and in California by Ramalina, of similar growth. In Alaska, however, the true mosses also produce this effect ; and the most striking among them are two large species of Hylocomium (H. splendens and H. loreuni). Nestling among the carpeting mosses and liverworts are many of the smaller and more delicate flowering plants of this region, as well as a few of the more tender fernworts ; and it is here that a large part of the fleshy fungi find the most favorable conditions for their growth. Whenever an opening occurs in the forest, the bogs of lower latitudes are reproduced, and the peat mosses (Sphagnum}, in considerable variety, assume their characteristic appearance and afford a nidus for the delicate cranberries, sundews, and butter- worts. With the ceasing of the forest begins a continuous wet prairie and bog region, which passes into the true tundra of the high north, frozen to a great depth and thawing for only a foot or two in the short summer, during which, however, its mossy cover- ing is enlivened by a blaze of flowers scarcely to be surpassed. In these open places ferns appear in greatest luxuriance, and a clamber up the mountain side at Sturgeon River Bay, on Kadiak Island, through wet lady-fern nearly waist-deep, is an ex- 4 ALASKA BOTANY perience not soon to be forgotten. Next to this, perhaps the most striking fern is Blechnum, the broad sterile fronds of which, pressed to the ground, are in marked contrast with the narrower, erect, fertile ones — a dimorphism again seen in the cliff-brake, Allosorus. As in alpine bogs of lower latitudes, the addertongue (Ophioglossum} and moonworts (Botrychiutn) are found interestingly associated with true ferns, mosses, and the smaller flowering plants ; and the moonworts in particular are represented by a goodly number of the more interesting species. One of the characteristic features of the moraine flora in Glacier Bay and elsewhere is the abundance of a loosely straggling scouring-rush, referable to Equisetum variegatum but quite unlike the type of that species ; while the common horsetail, E, arvense^ which is everywhere abundant, assumes, under the in- fluence of environment, a variety of forms and sizes, puzzling alike in the fixity of certain characters (as the triquetrous twigs of the common boreal type) and in the pliability of others. The authors of the chapters dealing with the several groups of cryptogams have so fully analyzed their respective branches of the Alaskan flora, both as to their components and their rela- tions to the floras of other parts of the world, as to make it un- necessary to do more here than summarize their statements, showing that a total of 1,616 species of cryptogams may now be ascribed to Alaska, of which 240 are fungi, 459 algae, 400 lichens, 460 Bryophytes, and 57 Pteridophytes. In a land marked by a long winter, with an abundance of fish and game within easy reach, it is not surprising that the natives of Alaska have given little attention to agriculture, and it is interesting to note, as a consequence of this failure to cultivate plants, that the greatest possible use is made of spontaneous vegetable products. While the most valuable of these are de- rived from flowering plants, the cryptogams are put to many, if not very important, uses. To a seaside people, cut off from the interior by high and ab- rupt mountains with few and remote practicable passes, the sea offers not only the most used highway, but it yields a large part of their subsistence. Though few of the marine plants, which are chiefly algse, are of much importance as articles of diet, INTRODUCTION 5 Mertens l found that the Indians ate, both raw and cooked, the lower part of the stipe of a rock weed which he referred to Fucus vesiculosus (probably what in this volume is called F. evanescent macrocephald], and which, or some related species, is doubtless what Dr. Grinnell2 notes as being eaten fresh. Mertens also mentions that Fucus esculentus (Alaria sp.), F. saccharinus {Laminaria saccharina}, and *F. edulis' are eaten. Professor Saunders observed, on the Harriman Expedition, that the Indians make extensive use of one of the red seaweeds, Rhodymenia palmata (the dulse, or dillesk, which is also eaten on the Atlantic coasts, and is said to be used in Kamchatka as the basis of a fermented beverage). He saw them gathering this by the basketful at Orca and in Yakutat Bay, and pack- ing it away, when sun-dried, for the winter, when, as he was given to understand, it is broken up by pounding, moistened with water, and made into a sort of pudding. Mr. M. W. Gorman, who has probably made a more thorough study of the food plants of Alaska Indians than any other person, informs me that another of the Florideae — a laver — Porphyra -perforata, is gathered in quantity, washed in fresh water, and pressed into cakes nearly a foot square and about an inch thick, which are dried for future use. Cut into small fragments, these cakes furnish the basis for a decoction used as a remedy for colds and bronchial affections ; they are also sprinkled over food as a con- diment ; and Mr. Gorman adds that before the advent of the white man this was the only source of salt possessed by the natives. It may be this species that Dr. Grinnell3 refers to as being dried, pressed into cakes, and used as an ingredient of soups and stews ; and which Mr. Coville, on the Harriman Ex- pedition, observed in Reid Inlet, made into purple cakes about a foot long, six inches wide, and an inch and a half thick, which the Indians chewed with evident relish. On Douglas Island Mr. Coville also found that the Indians had dried algae — a form of Fucus evanescens, judging from his description — covered with minute fish eggs and called tiyeti. Aside from this occasional 'Linnsea, 4: 46; Hooker's Bot. Miscellany, 3 : 3. 1829. 2 Harriman Alaska Expedition, i : 139. 1901. 'Harriman Alaska Expedition, i : 139. 1901. 6 ALASKA BOTANY use as food, the Alaskan algse are recorded as having formerly furnished fish-lines, for which knotted stipes of the giant kelp, Nereocystis priapus, are said by Grinnell 1 and Mertens 2 to have been used, the species being referred to by Mertens under the name Fucus lutkeanus. The latter writer also speaks of the hollow stems of the same kelp as used for siphoning water out of a bidarka, a trick no doubt learned from or practiced by the Russians. Few observations have been recorded on the use of fungi by the natives of Alaska, and no very important use appears to be made by them of any plant of this group. Though the damp woods and fern-covered hillsides of the southern and eastern part of the country afford good conditions for the growth of pileate species, the larger or more fleshy of which are usually called mushrooms or toadstools, no evidence is at hand showing that they are used for food by the aborigines. Though it is probable that, as in their own country, the Russians eat a variety of these plants, only one reference has been found to such use being made by them of the Alaskan species, namely, a statement by Kellogg 3 showing that he found the greatest luxury of one of the Russian villages to be pickled mushrooms, which he de- termined as '•Agaricus mutabilis* Mr. Coville observed one of the bracket fungi, Fomes tinctorius, in use by the Tlinkits of Sitka, especially the women, under the name tsakwat, for black- ening their faces as a protection against sunburn, the fungus being charred on one side and used as a burnt cork is used in making up for the stage, the resulting color containing often a shade of red from the unburnt part of the fungus. Another species of the same genus, since determined as F. igmarms, is mentioned by Nelson 4 as used in the Yukon region for the production of ashes which are mixed with shredded tobacco for chewing. In the manuscript of a paper by Mr. M. W. Gor- man, on the natives of the Lake Iliamna region and the plants 1 Harriman Alaska Expedition, i : 138-139. 1901. 2Linnaea, 4: 48. 1829. 3 A. Kellogg, Report of the botany of the voyage of the United States steamer Lincoln, etc., U. S. State and Treasury Departments, House Ex. Doc. NO. 177, Second Session, Fortieth Congress, Russian America, 218. 1868. 4 Ann. Rept. Bureau Amer. Ethnology, 18 : 271. fig. 93. 1899. INTRODUCTION 7 used by them, further reference is made to the same use of this species (so determined by Professor Peck), which is said to be not uncommon on birch in that region. Scarcely any record can be found of the use of lichens by the people of Alaska, though it would appear probable that in times of famine the abundant Iceland moss, Cetraria islandica, and various forms of rock tripe, Umbilicaria, might be used as human food. Mosses and lichens, without further specification, are noted by Murdoch * as furnishing winter food for reindeer at Point Barrow, and no doubt the abundant and well-known rein- deer moss, Cladonia rangiferina, is one of the most important of the species referred to. Many of the lichens are elsewhere used as dye-stuffs, but no evidence of such use of any of them in Alaska has been found, though Mr. Coville informs me that one of the Alaskan tree species, Evernia vulpina, is the basis of a yellow dye used for basket materials on the coast farther south. Mosses, referred to above as serving for part of the food of reindeer, are also mentioned by Murdoch2 under the name munik, as being employed for lamp wicks, a use to which we observed the bog mosses, Sphagnum, to be put at Plover Bay, Siberia. Dr. Hough3 also mentions that wicks are made of Sphagnum, willow catkins, or peat, rolled between the hands with a little fat. Mr. Coville notes the use of moss in making beds for young children as generally prevalent in Alaska as well as in other parts of the United States ; and in his manu- script on the Iliamna region, already referred to, Mr. Gorman states that under the name uroveet, Sphagnum is used by the natives as a padding or cushion for the baskets of birch-bark or willow in which infants are carried, and that moss saturated with water and placed before the fire is used as a means of in- ducing copious perspiration after childbirth, as, he believes, a long-established tribal custom, rather than from any good that results. Dry Sphagnum is also said by Dr. Merriam to be of frequent domestic use as an absorbent. Aside from this, no *Ann. Rept. Bureau Amer. Ethnology, 9: 59. 1892. 2 Ann. Rept. Bureau Amer. Ethnology, g : 59, 106. •Rept. U. S. Nat. Museum, 1896: 1033. 8 ALASKA BOTANY utilization of any of the mosses appears to be known, and no record exists of any use whatever being made of the related liverworts. The Pteridophytes appear to be used more than any of the lower cryptogams, though, as compared with the flowering plants, they, too, are of but little direct economic value. Gor- man ' states that the natives of the southern part of Alaska cook and eat, under the name of ahh, the rootstock or caudex of Aspidium spmulosum dilatatum, which furnishes the first vege- table food obtained by them in spring. In his manuscript on the Lake Iliamna region he states that, under the name of uh-ton-ah, the roots of what has been determined as Athyrium cyclosorum, and possibly one or two other ferns, are similarly used in the more northern country, and that, when boiled and the decoction sweetened with sugar or molasses, they furnish the basis of a fermented beverage, which, with the addition of flour, is further used in the preparation of a distilled liquor, hoochinoo. The same gentleman informs me that in southeastern Alaska a cough medicine is made from a decoction of the rootstocks of Polypodium falcatutn^ and he has further recorded 2 that in the same district one of the club mosses, Lycopodium selago, is chewed and the juice swallowed as a means of producing in- toxication. Walpole notes on the label of another species of club moss, L. annotinum, collected in 1901 at Mary's Igloo, on the Kuzitrin River, that it is used as a wick for lamps in which seal-oil is burned ; and, on the authority of Lieutenant Emmons, Mr. Coville tells me that the dark rootstocks of one of the horsetails, Equisetum -palustre, are used by the coast In- dians as basket material, a use also mentioned by Mr. Gorman for an Equisetum called chi-chi-yul-kuth-a, in his manuscript on the Lake Iliamna region, his collection (242) representing E. •palustre and E. sylvaticum. The direct utilization of the lower groups of plants as here recorded is relatively unimportant, and it is improbable that any very important uses of these plants remain to be ascertained by white men, though a traveler associating with the natives at any ^ittonia, 3 : 78. 1896.— See also Clute, Our Ferns, 146. 1901. 2Pittonia, 3: 80. 1896. INTRODUCTION 9 point for a sufficient length of time to win their confidence might add much to the information here brought together ; but it should be borne in mind that indirectly they possess the highest value, since lichens, Bryophytes, and the fern allies are the earliest soil formers, while the marine algas furnish food for fish, and thus, ultimately, for man. THE FUNGI OF ALASKA THE FUNGI OF ALASKA BY P. A. SACCARDO, C. H. PECK, AND WILLIAM TRELEASE INTRODUCTION IN a very helpful little bibliography arranged according to geographic regions, a recent writer on fungi states that no rep- resentatives of this group are known from Alaska. This, how- ever, is not quite true, for Hooker and Arnott many years ago recorded a Dothidea and a pseudo-fungus, Erineum, from Alaska; Professor Douglas H. Campbell, a few years since, noted the occurrence there of what he doubtfully named Exo- basidium vaccinii; Professor T. H. Macbride more recently gives Alaska as a locality for five species of Myxomycetes ; one rust, at least, is accredited to Alaska ; and in his recent account of the vegetation of the Seal Islands, Mr. J. M. Macoun includes seven pileate fungi.1 The fact remains, however, after taking note of even these recent publications, that almost noth- ing is known of the fungus flora of Alaska. And yet conditions are favorable for the development there of a large representa- tion of this group of plants, for over the lower coast region fre- 1 It is well known that the Krause brothers, some years since, made important botanical collections about the head of Lynn Canal, and some of their material has been examined and made the basis of published reports by Kurtz, Muller and Stephani ; but inquiry made of Dr. Arthur Krause by my friend Dr. Buch- enau shows that the collectors paid little attention to this group of plants, and that their collections now contain no Alaskan fungi. j^ SACCARDO, PECK, TRELEASE quent rainfall favors the development of moulds, mildews, pileate fungi, and other moisture-loving forms, while the fogs and mists of parts of the upper coast are no less favorable to their growth, and the vast amount of putrescible vegetable material in these districts affords them abundant food. The phanerogamic vege- tation of Alaska, moreover, is large and varied, notwithstanding the high latitude of the country, and as there appears little a •priori reason to expect these higher plants to be much less liable to the attacks of parasites here than elsewhere, a large number of parasitic species is to be looked for. Occasional collections of fungi were made by several mem- bers of the Harriman Alaska Expedition, and in addition to the material so gathered, the phanerogamic collections were sub- sequently examined for parasitized leaves and other organs, and such earlier material as exists in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden was also similarly gone over. The result was the accumulation of some hundreds of specimens, representing everything from bulky bracket fungi to sterile leaf spots. As was to be expected, much of this material was either valueless or indeterminable, but it has all been subjected to examination, and on it, with reference to the earlier literature concerning Alaska, the following catalogue is based. At first a list of the Uredinese, some few of which Professor J. C. Arthur subsequently examined, and some other things, was prepared by the writer ; then a considerable number of pileate species, determined by Professor C. H. Peck, were included. Professor T. H. Macbride determined the only Myxomycete collected, and Professor P. A. Dangeard added determinations of three forms parasitic in Spirogyra. The residue, a large and very heterogeneous mass, was then submitted to Professor Saccardo, who, with the assistance of Abbe G. Bresadola for Hymenomycetes, and Dr. G. Scalia for many of the microscopic forms, succeeded in determining from it something over 150 species or varieties, a considerable number of which, as well as a few of those studied by Professor Peck or the writer, are described as new. The responsibility for the present list is, therefore, so divided as to suggest the authorship indicated at its head, though if the entire material had passed through Pro- FUNGI IS fessor Saccardo's hands, so that he could have been held re- sponsible for all of the entries in the catalogue, it would most fittingly have been ascribed to him. Where no indication is given, the determinations are those of Saccardo and Scalia ; in other cases signs l indicate by whom the determinations were made, the annotation or description ac- companying each species being attributable to the person who identified it, unless otherwise noted. The collector is indi- cated for each specimen recorded in the list. Professor Saccardo's diagnoses are published in Latin, as written, in order that shades of meaning might not be lost in the process of translation, and for uniformity the explanation of his plates is given in the same language. WILLIAM TRELEASE. CATALOGUE. Family TUBERCULARIACEJE. Microcera brachyspora Saccardo & Scalia, sp. nov. (pi. vi, fig. 28.) Sporodochiis sparsis, erumpentibus, carnoso-ceraceis, pulvinatis, 1-1.5 mm. diam., carneis v. fulvellis ; hyphis filiformibus, inaequalibus, flexuosis, laxe fasciculatis, 2 n cr., continuis, minute guttulatis, non v. vix ramosis, intermixtis crassioribus brevioribus, 4/4 cr. ; conidiis anguste falcatis, utrinque acutatis, 30-40 X 3 A*> guttulatis v. spurie septatis, hyalinis. New Metlakatla (Trelease, 685, on the bark of some tree, associated with Nectria sanguined}. Fusarium illosporioides Saccardo, sp. nov. (pi. in, fig. 10.) Sporodochiis gregariis, erumpenti-superficialibus, depresse pulvina- tis, .5-1 mm. diam. ; laxe contextis, superficie subvelutinis, dilutis- sime roseis ; hyphis fasciculato-intricatis, sporophoris variis, modo simplicibus, modo furcatis, interdum opposito-ramosis, usque 5°~7° X 5 /*, parce septatis ; conidiis fusoideis, saepius rectis, raro curvulis, utrinque acutiusculis (junioribus obtusulis), 1-2 — typice vero 3-septa- tis, ad septa non constrictis, 20-22 x 4-5 /*• Sitka (Trelease, 728, on decaying corticated branches of Riles}. 'Through the catalogue * indicates that the determination was made by Wm. Trelease, tthat it was made by Professor Peck, Jby Abbe Bresadola, and §by Professor Dangeard. l6 SACCARDO, PECK, TRELEASE Habitu et sporophoris fere illosporioideis species distinguenda videtur. Family DEMATIACE^S. Speira effusa (Peck) Saccardo. Yakutat Bay (Brewer & Coe, 689^, on corticated branches, asso- ciated with Diaporthe anisomera) . Speira minor Saccardo. Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 684, on dead branches, associated with an immature Cyphetta). Cercospora apii selini-gmelini Saccardo & Scalia, var. nov. Hyphis 36-42 x 5-8 /*, f uscidulis, apice leviter tortuoso-torulosis ; conidiis bacillari-obclavatis, i~3-septatis, 52-70 x 6.5-7 /*» hyalinis. Cape Phipps, Yakutat Bay (Funston, on leaves of Selinum gmelini) . Cercospora apii angelicas Saccardo & Scalia, var. nov. Hyphis brevioribus, sursum obsolete tortuosis, 20 x 4 ^» demum f uscidulis; conidiis bacillari-obclavatis, usque 80-90 X 3.5-5 /*, obso- lete septatis, hyalinis. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea (Trelease, 761, on leaves of Angelica?). Ab hac var. forte non differt C. polytcenice Ell. & Everh. Scolecotrichum graminis Fuckel. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea (Trelease, 780, on grass leaves). Coniosporium atrattim Karsten & Malbr.J Yakutat (Trelease, 824, on dead wood). Family MUCEDINACEJB. Ramularia cercosporoides Ellis & Everhart. Kadiak (Trelease, 766, 767, on leaves of Epilobium spicatum). Ramularia punctiformis Saccardo, sp. nov. (pi. in, fig. 8.) Maculis epiphyllis, brunneis, non marginatis, ovato-oblongis, dein ampliatis; caespitulis in his maculis dense gregariis, erumpentibus, punctiformibus, albis, epiphyllis ; hyphis e nodulo stromatico cellulose pallido oriundis, fasciculatis, cylindraceis, sursum attenuatis, vix denticulatis, hyalinis, 25-30 x 2-3 p. ; conidiis fusoideis, rectiusculis, utrinque obtusulis, 16-18 x 2-3 //, hyalinis. Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 756, on dying leaves of Potentilla anserina). A R. anserina caespitulis epiphyllis, vere punctiformibus etc. dis- tinguenda. FUNGI 17 Ramularia macrospora Fresenius. Alaska (Fischer, 1880, on leaves of Campanula linifolia'}. Ramularia heraclei (Oudemans) Saccardo. Cape Fox (Trelease, 757, on leaves of Heracleum}. Ramularia aequivoca Cesati. Long Island, Kadiak (Trelease, 744) ; Unalaska (Trelease, 743). On leaves of Ranunculus, of the set of /?. montanus. Ramularia pratensis Saccardo. Glacier Bay (Coville, 743) ; Yakutat (Trelease, 773) ; Virgin Bay Trelease, 772); Popof Island (Saunders, 775). On leaves of JRumex occidentalis. Ramularia ? arnicalis Ellis & Everhart. Kadiak (Kellogg in 1867, on leaves of Arnica chamissonis — a de- fective, doubtful specimen). Bostrichonema alpestre Cesati. Glacier Bay (Trelease, 762) ; Yakutat (Trelease, 763). On leaves of Polygonum vivtparum. Ovularia bulbigera (Fuckel) Saccardo. Maculae arescendo ochraceae, orbiculari-angulosae, atro-purpureo- cinctae, in pag. inf. dilutiores; caespituli hypophylli, griseoli, puncti- formes ; hyphae fasciculatae, basi in stroma dilute chlorinum bulbiforme coalitae, 70—100 X 3-5~4 P-i subhyalinae, obsolete septatae, sursum leviter tortuoso-denticulatae ; conidia obovata, continua, 16-22 X 10-13;*, granuloso-farcta, hyalina. Kadiak (Coville & Kearney, 2361 ; Trelease, 752, 753) ; Popof Island (Saunders, 755) ; Unalaska (Trelease, 754). On living leaves of Sanguisorba. Ovularia sommeri (Eichelbaum) Saccardo.* Kadiak (Trelease, 721, 722). On twigs of Myrica gale. Ovularia trientalis Berkeley. See Tuburcinia trientalis B. & Br. Botrytis vulgaris Fries. Cape Fox (Trelease, 7°4> on decaying leaves of Lonicera involu- crata) ; Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 733#, on decaying stems). Glomerularia corni Peck. Orca (Trelease, 823, on still living leaves of Cornus canadensis). Hyphae manifestae, i— 2-septulata3, usque 50 fj. longas. j8 SACCARDO, PECK, TRELEASE Family EXCIPULACE^. Sporonema strobilinum Desmazieres. Orca (Trelease, 741, on cones of Tsuga mertensiana; Trelease, 742, on cones of Picea sitchensis). Family LEPTOSTROMACE^I. Leptothyrium vulgare (Fries) Saccardo. Yakutat Bay (Funston, on branches of Rubus stellatus}. Leptothyrium vulgare f . parryae Saccardo. Shumagin Islands (Harrington in 1871-2, on scales at base of stem of Parrya macrocarpa) . Sporulis rectiusculis, 4-5 X i -5 A1- Leptothyrium clypeosphaerioides Saccardo. Unalaska (Harrington in 1871-2, on dead branches of Rubus cha- mcemorus). Forte Phoma ruborum West, hue spectat. Family SPH^IRIOIDACEJE. Sphaerographium abditum Saccardo & Scalia, sp. nov. (pi. vi, fig. 27.) Peritheciis sparsis, mox superficialibus, globoso-conicis, saspius lon- giuscule rostellatis, circ. 500 fi diam., nigris, lenio depressis, contextu parenchymatico, fuligineo ; sporulis filiformibus, rectis, raro subcurvis, 50-72 x 1-1.5^, continuis guttulatis, hyalinis. Kadiak (Trelease, 737, within dead stems of Heracleum, associated with Leptosphceria doliohim) . Rhabdospora camptospora Saccardo & Scalia, sp. nov. (pi. vi, fig. 26.) Peritheciis sparsis, subcutaneo-erumpentibus, minutis, atro-nitidis, depresse globulosis, 200/1 diam. ; contextu parenchymatico, fuligineo; sporulis bacillari-fusoideis, falcatis, raro rectiusculis, utrinque acutatis, tenuiter 3-septatis, 30-40 X 1-2 /*, minute guttulatis, hyalinis. Yes Bay (Howell, on dead stems of Anemone narcissiflora, 1601). Nonnullis notis ad Stagonosporce pulsatillce, sed sporulas obsoletius septatae, multo angustiores et acutiores. Septoria rubi Westendorp. Cape Fox (Trelease, 751, on still living leaves of Rubus). Septoria canadensis Peck. Sitka (Trelease, 726) ; Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 725) ; Virgin Bay (Trelease, 724)' In fading leaves of Cornus canadensis. FUNGI 19 Septoria dearnesii Ellis & Everhart. Virgin Bay (Trelease, 759) ; Yakutat (Trelease, 760) . On still living leaves of Angelica?. Differt paululum sporulis saepe aliquanto longioribus. Septoria petroselini treleaseana Saccardo & Scalia, subsp. nov. (pi. vi, fig. 23.) Maculis minutis, amphigenis, angulosis, 1—1.5 mm- lat«> diu atro- brunneis ; peritheciis sparsis, punctiformibus, hypophyllis ; sporulis filiformibus, 40-60 X -5 /*, continuis, non v. indistincte guttulatis, hyalinis. Virgin Bay (Trelease, 758, in still living leaves of Conioselinum?}. A typo maculis et sporulis longioribus et tenuioribus sat differt. Septoria grylli Saccardo. Yes Bay (Howell, on leaves of Agrostis exarata) ; Nagai (Har- rington in 1871—72, on leaves of Agrostis geminatd}. Sporulae variant, in prima 75-90 x 1-1.2 /z, in altera 60 x i ;*• Septoria chamissonis Saccardo & Scalia, sp. nov. (pi. VL, fig. 25.) Maculis nullis v. obsoletis ; peritheciis minutissimis, atris, gregariis, innato-prominulis, 65-70 /* diam., globulosis, poro pertusis ; contextu membranaceo, tenui, parenchymatico, fuscidulo ; sporulis cylindraceis utrinque rotundatis, 3-septatis, eguttulatis, hyalinis, 46-52 X 3. 5-4/4. Point Barrow (Murdoch, on leaves of Eriophorum chamissonis] . Affinis Septorice scirpi Sacc. ; a sequente differt peritheciis multo minoribus, sporulis brevioribus et crassioribus. Septoria eriophorella Saccardo & Scalia, sp. nov. (pi. vi, fig. 24.) Maculis nullis; peritheciis sparsis, globulosis, 275^ diam., pro- funde immersis, epidermide non atrata tectis, poro pertusis ; contextu parenchymatico e cellulis difformibus, minutis, fuligineis composite ; sporulis cylindraceo-filiformibus, 70-90 X 2.5-3;*, mmute guttulatis, obsolete septulatis, hyalinis. Point Barrow (Murdoch, on leaves of Eriophorum chamissonis, with the preceding). A Septoria eriophori differt praeceteris peritheciis quadruple major- ibus. Stagonospora pulsatillae Vestergr. Kadiak; Kukak Bay. In dead stems of Anemone. Probabiliter est forma S. anemones Pat. 2Q SACCARDO, PECK, TRELEASE Stagonospora heleocharidis caricina Saccardo & Scalia, subsp. nov. (pi. vi, fig. 21.) Perithecia 90-120 ft diam. ; basidia subnulla ; sporulae 5-6-septatae, ad septa non-constrictae. Yakutat Bay (Funston in 1892, on dead leaves of a form of Carex f estiva}. A typo differt sporulis paulo brevioribus, utrinque rotundatis, rarius acutiusculis, 27-34 X 6.5-7.5^, omnino hyalinis. Stagonospora aquatica luzulicola Saccardo & Scalia, subsp. nov. (pi. vi, fig. 20.) Peritheciis hinc inde gregariis, punctiformibus, globulosis, 150- i6o// diam., poro pertusis, atris, subcutaneis ; contextu parenchymat- ico, fusco ; sporulis oblongo-teretiusculis, utrinque rotundatis, rarius acutiusculis et saepe basi truncatulis, 3-septatis, non constrictis, 23- 28 X 3- 5-4j«> e chlorine hyalinis. Point Barrow (Murdoch in 1883, on leaves of Luzula arcuata). A typo recedit sporulis paullo angustioribus, qua nota ad ejus var. lacustrem accedit. Stagonospora graminum Saccardo & Scalia, sp. nov. (pi. vi, fig. 22.) Peritheciis laxe gregariis, subcutaneis, e globoso horizontaliter ob- longis, atris, poro pertusis, 275—380 x 160— 200 ,u ; contextu parenchy- matieo, castaneo-fusco ; sporulis oblongis, saepe inaequilateris, 23-28 X 6.5-8 //, utrinque tenuato-obtusulis, 5-y-septatis, non constrictis, e chlorino hyalinis. Iliuliuk (Harrington in 1871-2, on dead leaves of Aira atropur- purea) . Affinis S. subseriatce (Desm.) Sacc. et praecipue ejus var. molinice Trail, sed sporulae 5-7-septatae (nee 4-5-septatse), et perithecia oblonga. Rhynchophoma raduloides Saccardo & Scalia, sp. nov. (pi. v, fig. 17-) Peritheciis gregariis e basi innata parum incrassata erumpentibus, longe corniculatis, rectis, sursum tenuatis, aterrimis, fragilibus, 1.5 mm. altis, 300 fi cr., apice pertusis globuloque sporularum pallide roseo saepius coronatis; contextu prosenchymatico, atro; sporulis oblongis, utrinque rotundatis, 7-9 X 2.5-3;*, uniseptatis, non con- strictis, hyalinis ; basidiis fasciculatis bacillaribus simplicibus v. fur- catis, 20-30 X 2 /*, hyalinis. FUNGI 21 Sitka (Trelease, 708, 709, in corticated branches of Riles laxi- Jlorum, associated with Godronia urceolus} . Affinis R. radula praebet sporulas 12—15 X 4-5 p. Phoma complanata (Tode) Desmazieres. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea (Trelease, 738, on dead stems of Hera- cleum*). Phoma oleracea Saccardo. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea (Macoun, on dead stems of Cardamine b ell idif olio, ) . Phyllosticta helleboricola coptidis Saccardo & Scalia, var. nov. (pi. vi, fig. 19.) Unalaska (Harrington in 1871-2, on leaves of Coptis trifoliata). A typo differt sporulis angustioribus, nempe recte cylindraceis, utrinque subincrassatis, rotundatis, 5 X -5 /*• Phyllosticta caricicola Saccardo & Scalia, sp. nov. (pi. vi, fig. 18.) Maculis arescentibus, indeterminatis, plerumque hypophyllis ; peri- theciis minutissimis, atris, globoso-depressis, 50-80^ diam., poro per- tusis, laxiuscule seriatim dispositis ; contextu fusco e cellulis poly- hedricis 6—8 JJL diam. composite ; sporulis oblongo-bacillaribus, 4-5 x .5/^5 basidiis minimis. Orca (Trelease, 628, on leaves of Carex). A P. cartels differt defectu maculae fuscas et peritheciis seriatis. Family MYXOMYCETACEJE. Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (Muller) Macbride. MACBRIDE, N. A. Slime-Moulds, 19. Stikine River (Wickham).1 Trichia scabra Rostafinski. MACBRIDE, N. A. Slime-Moulds, 213. Stikine River (Wickham). Arcyria denudata (Linnaeus) Sheldon. MACBRIDE, N. A. Slime-Moulds, 196. Stikine River (Wickham). Arcyria cinerea (Bulliard) Persoon. MACBRIDE, N. A. Slime-Moulds, 196. Stikine River (Wickham). 1 These localities are given by Professor T. H. Macbride, who further deter- mined the single species collected by the members of the Harriman Expedition. 22 SACCARDO, PECK, TRELEASE Stemonitis smithii Macbride. MACBRIDE, N. A. Slime-Moulds, 122. Stikine River (Wickham). Tubifera ferruginosa (Batsch) Macbride. MACBRIDE, N. A. Slime-Moulds, 156. Stikine River (Wickham). Diderma niveum (Rostafinski) Macbride. Yakutat Bay : Hidden Glacier (Trelease, 782) ; Disenchantment Bay (Brewer, 783) ; Aguadulce River, Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 784) ; Orca (Trelease, 785). On mosses, fallen leaves, etc., maturing close to the retreating snow. Family LABOULBENIACE^!. Laboulbenia nebriae Peyritsch. THAXTER, Monogr. Laboulbeniaceae, 320. pi. 13. Aleutian Islands, on Nebria gregaria. Family MONADINACE^). Vampyrella spirogyrae Cienkowski.§ Popof Island (Saunders, 401 a, in Spirogyra porticalis) . Family PATELLARIACE^E. Heterosphaeria patella (Tode) Greville. Alaska (Evans, 1 140) ; Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 736) . On dead stems of Heracleum. Patinella aloysii-sabaudiae Saccardo, sp. nov.1 (pi. n, fig. 6.) Ascomatibus gregariis, majusculis, plano-patellatis, orbicularibus, sessilibus, matrici adpressis sed omnino superficialibus, puncto cen- trali adfixis, usque 2 mm. diam., ubique nigris, opacis, margine at- tenuato non prominente, disco minutissime granuloso; ascis cylin- draceis, apice rotundatis, basi acutatis breve stipitatis, 84-90 X 10-11 ju, octosporis ; paraphysibus stipatis, bacillari-clavulatis, sursum atratis, conidiaque perfecte globosa, atrofuliginea, 11-12 fj. diam. exerentibus ; sporidiis oblique monostichis v. subdistichis, ovato-oblongis rectis curvulisve, 14-15 X 5.5-6^, hyalinis. Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 689, on blackened decaying stems) ; Orca (Trelease, 730, on stem of Veratrum — appears to be a young stage of the same). *Dixi in honorem Aloysii Sabaudiae, Apratiorum ducis, qui anno 1897 summa cacumina Mtis. S. Eliae Alaska primus conscendit. FUNGI 23 Eximia species, ob paraphyses conidia magna atra gerentes prse- distincta. Excipuli margo cellulis tereti-clavatis, 20-25 X 7 /*> brun- neis, liberis praeditus est. Family PHACIDIACE^E. Rhytisma? rhododendri Fries. Unalaska (Macoun, on leaves of Rhododendron kamtschaticurri) . Forte hue pertinat forma haec spermogonica : stromatibus amphi- genis maculiformibus atris insidis, intus pallidioribus ; sporulis ellip- soideis minutis, 2.5-3 x -5 /*» hyalinis, basidiis filiformibus usque 26 X .5 /* fasciculatis suffultis. Rhytisma salicinum (Persoon) Fries. Kadiak (Trelease, 698, on leaves of Saltx). Fabraea cincta Saccardo & Scalia, sp. nov. (pi. v, fig. 16.) Maculis suborbicularibus v. irregularibus, 1-2 mm. lat., raro latiori- bus, in hypophyllo subumbrinis, in epiphyllo expallentibus annuloque atro-purpureo cinctis ; ascomatibus epiphyllis, innato-erumpentibus, depressis, 300-400 fi diam., sparsis v. confluentibus, fuscis, disco madore aperto, vix pallidiore; ascis tereti-clavatis, apice rotundatis, jodo caerulescentibus, breve stipitatis, 70-90 x 18-20 //, octosporis, paraphysibus simplicibus v. parce ramosis, filiformibus apice capitu- latis ; sporidiis ovato-oblongis, utrinque obtusulis, distichis v. oblique monostichis, 15-20 X 5-6-5 Pi primo continuis, dein ut plurimum i- septatis, non constrictis, loculo supero quam infero fere duplo majore, hyalinis, guttulato-farctis. Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 750); Orca (Trelease, 747). On fading leaves of Rubus. Pseudopeziza (Pseudorhytisma) bistortae (Libert) Fuckel. Unalaska (Coville & Kearney, 1752 ; Trelease, 765). On leaves of Polygonum viviparum. Pseudopeziza cerastiorum arenariae Saccardo, var. nov. Yakutat Bay (Funston, on dead leaves of Arenaria lateriflora, 18, 19). A typo differt sporidiis paullo majoribus, nempe 14-16 x 4- 4.5 p.. Phacidium diminuens Karsten. Yes Bay (Howell, in fading or dead leaves of Carex canescens: 1709). 24 SACCARDO, PECK, TRELEASE Family DERMATEACE^E. Godronia urceolus (Albertini & Schweinitz) Saccardo. Sitka (Trelease, 7080, on dead branches of Ribes, associated with Rhynchophoma raduloides) . Scleroderris treleasei Saccardo, sp. nov. (pi. in, fig. 7.) Dense gregaria v. hinc inde caespitulosa e basi innata punctiformi omnino superficial is, bicolor; ascomatibus initio urceolatis, clausis, mox laciniato-dehiscentibus, majusculis, 2.5-3 mm- diam., scutellatis, extus margineque lacero aterrimis, carbonaceis, rugosis, disco plano- concavo, levissimo isabellino-carneo, ceraceo ; ascis clavatis, apice obtuse acutatis, deorsum tenuato-stipitatis, 140 x 12-14 /*, octosporis; paraphysibus filiformibus, apice interdum incurvis furcatisque, totis hyalinis; sporidiis in asci parte superiore fasciculatis, cylindraceo- clavatis, deorsum acutatis, 50-60 x 2 /z, continuis, hyalinis, interdum curvatis. Sitka (Kincaid, 693; Trelease, 845). On coniferous bark. Eximia fungus, quem miror nullam mycologum observavisse. Affini- tas non parum dubia, hinc ad Clithrcm, illinc ad Coccophacidium nutans et tune forte novi generis typus. A Scleroderri sporidiis con- tinuis, et paraphysum natura differt. Obturaculum ascorum jodi ope non tingitur. Contextus excipuli indistincte cellulosus, subcarbonaceus, fragilis. Ascomata, cum secedunt, areolam albam in cortice matricis relinquunt. Family PEZIZACE^. Dasyscypha bicolor (Bulliard) Fuckel.f Muir Glacier (Trelease, 586, 587, 588) ; Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 585). Trichopeziza hamata Saccardo. Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 584, on twigs). A typo vix differt pilis minus arete hamatis, sporidiis (forte non omnino maturis) paullo angustioribus. Cetera eadem. Trichopeziza relicina (Fries) Fuckel. Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 735, on decaying stems of large herbaceous plants) . Trichopeziza earoleuca (Berkeley & Broome) Saccardo. (pi. n, fig. 5.) Disenchantment Bay (Trelease, 7320, on decayed stems of Lu- pinus) . Etsi species Berkeleyana sit brevissime descripta et ex insula Ceylon, tamen nostra videtur eadem. Ascomata urceolata, minutissima, rosea, FUNGI 25 niveo-villosa. Pili rigiduli, cuspidati, 200-250 X 7-8 //, continui. Asci fusoidei, 40-50 x 5-5.5 /*, octospori. Paraphyses aciculares, asco paullo longiores. Sporidia allantoidea, 5-6 X 1.5-2 /*, hyalina. Pirottaea yakutatiana Saccardo, sp. nov. (pi. n, fig. 4.) Ascomatibus gregariis, urceolatis, basi-contracta superficialibus, majusculis, extus setulosis, siccis nigris, i mm. latis et altis, disco (madore tantum conspicuo) concavo cinereo-caesio ; excipuli contextu rigidulo, atro-fuligineo, ad marginem pallidiorem pilis filiformibus, pallide fuligineis, septatis, 40-70 X 5 /*, in fimbrias subtriangulares laxe coalescentibus ; ascis tereti-fusoideis, utrinque obtusiusculis, 40- 45 X 5.5-6 //, octosporis; paraphysibus lanceolatis, crassiusculis, ascos superantibus ; sporidiis oblique monostichis, fusoideis, rectis, 9x2- 2.5 /i, hyalinis. Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 734, on dry decorticated fallen twigs). A P. gallica mox recedit quia quadruple major, basi coarctata, pilis marginalibus fimbriato-fasciculatis. Phialea carneala Saccardo, sp. nov. (pi. n, fig. 2.) Sparsa, minuta, ubique (in sicco) carnea, glabra ; cupula initio mi- nuta, subglobosa, dein ampliata, subhemisphaerica v. obconica, .7-1 mm. diam., stipite cylindraceo subtili, 1-1.3 mm- l°ng°> leniter longi- trorsum striatulo basique vix incrassata asperulo ; disco concavo, levi, roseo, margine extimo pallidiore; ascis tereti-clavatis, deorsum ten- uato-stipitatis, 80—90 x 7 /*» octosporis ; paraphysibus filiformi-bacil- laribus ; sporidiis distichis, tereti-oblongis, utrinque obtusulis, rectius- culis, 11-14 x 3~3-5 V-i mtus granulosis, hyalinis. Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 595, on decaying fallen leaves and stipules). Affinis P. albidce, cyathoidece et broomei^ sed vel colore v. propor- tione partium satis di versa. Helotium alaskae Saccardo, sp. nov. (pi. n, fig. 3.) Gregarium, minutum, ubique (in sicco) croceo-aureum, glabrum; cupula initio punctiformi-pertusa dein ampliata plano-scutellata, brevi marginata, vix i mm. lata; stipite cylindraceo, crassiusculo, i mm. alto, .3 mm. cr., levi, dilutius colorato; ascis tereti-clavatis, apice obtusis, deorsum tenuato-stipitatis, 60 X 5-5-6 /*, octosporis; para- physibus copiosis, bacillaribus ; sporidiis cylindraceo-fusoideis, leniter curvis, 8-1 1 x 2-2.7 J"? distichis, hyalinis. Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 597, on decaying decorticated wood). Ab afrmibus speciebus flavis lignicolis stipites sporidiorumque notis satis diversum. 26 SACCARDO, PECK, TRELEASE Helotium fumigatum Saccardo & Spegazzini. Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 733, on decaying herbaceous stems, asso- ciated with Botrytis -vulgaris) . Helotium lenticulare (Bulliard) Fries. Juneau (Trelease, 692, on decaying wood). Ciboria sp. Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 686, on Tsuga). Videtur affinis Ciboricz strobilince (A. & S.) Sacc. Ciboria sp. Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 702). Accedit ad Ciboriam rufo-fuscam (Web.) Sacc. Sunt tamen exempl. unica, non perfecta, hinc determinatio dubia. Lachnea scutellata (Linnaus) Gill. Juneau (Trelease, 690, 6900:, 690^, 690^:, on decaying fallen bark and wood). Family HELVELLACE^. Vibrissea truncorum (Albertini & Schweinitz) Fries. f Kadiak (Trelease, 5960;) ; Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 596). On wood in water. Cudonia circinans (Persoon) Fries. Orca (Trelease, 694, on fragments of wood) . Family HYSTERIACE^). Lophodermium oxycocci (Fries) Karsten. Kadiak (Trelease, 713, on drying leaves of Vaccinium oxy coccus, immature). Lophodermium maculare (Fries) De Notaris. Glacier Bay (Trelease, 697, on leaves of Salix) . Family MICROTHYRIACEJE. Microthyrium harrimani Saccardo, sp. nov. (pi. u, fig. i.) Peritheciis densiuscule gregariis, superficialibus, dimidiatis, omnino applanatis, orbicularibus, 350-450 ;u diam., subinde binato-approxi- matis, ostiolo central! pertusis, margine fimbriatis, contextu distincte parenchymatico, radiato; ascis tereti-fusoideis, utrinque obtusulis, 80-1 00x9-10;*, octosporis; paraphysibus parcis, saspe furcatis ; sporidiis 2— 3-stichis, clavato-fusiformibus, utrinque acutiusculis, infra medium i-septatis, non constrictis, hyalinis. FUNGI 27 Orca (Trelease, 739, 740, on fading scales of cones of Tsuga heterophylla) . Affine M. abietis Mont. Family DOTHIDEACE^. Dothidella betulina (Fries) Saccardo. Dothidea betulina /3 HOOKER and ARNOTT, Bot. Beechey 134. — ROTHROCK, Smithsonian Kept. 1867 : 463. — TURNER, Nat. Hist. Alaska 85. Port Clarence (Trelease, 699, on leaves of Betula glandulosa, associated with Sphceretta harthcnsis}. Dothidella betulina yakutatiana Saccardo & Scalia, subsp. nov. (pi. v, fig. 15'-) Stromatibus innato-erumpentibus, pulvinato-applanatis, subtilissime punctulatis, atris, .5 mm. diam. ; loculis minutissimis, globulosis, 50^1 diam., ostiolo pertusis; ascis oblongo-cylindraceis, apice rotundatis, deorsum nonnunquam incrassatulis, subsessilibus, 40—48x10-12^, octosporis ; sporidiis subdistichis v. polystichis, obovato-cuneatis, apice rotundatis, basi acutatis, i-septatis, non constrictis, eguttulatis, 10-12x3-4^, e chlorine hyalinis. Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 703, on dead leaves of some undetermined tree) . Phyllachora filicina Saccardo & Scalia, sp. nov. (pi. v, fig. 15.) Stromatibus epiphyllis, maculiformibus, atris, applanatis, parum emergentibus, ambitu e circular! angulosis, superficie regularis, con- textu atro-brunneo, parenchymatico ; loculis numerosis, immersis, glo- bosis, 70—80^1 diam., pallidioribus ; ascis tereti-clavatis, brevissime stipitatis, 70 X 10-11.5 /*, apice rotundatis, octosporis; sporidiis ellip- tico-oblongis, utrinque rotundatis, rectis, 14-15 X 5-6 ju, continuis, hyalinis, intus granuloso farctis. Unalaska (Evermann, 6, on living leaves of Aspidium lonchitis). Pulchella species, omnino distincta. Phyllachora? heraclei (Fries) Fuckel. Unga Island (Harrington in 1871-2, on living leaves of Heracleum lanatum) . More solito sterilis. Family HYPOCREACE^E. Cordyceps militaris (Linnaeus) Link. Orca (Trelease, 695, on pupae of some insect). Specimen immaturum, sed videtur hujus species. 28 SACCARDO, PECK, TRELEASE Nectria sanguinea (Sibthorpe) Fries. New Metlakatla (Trelease, 685^, on dead bark, associated with Microcera brachyspora) ; Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 6840;). Nectria episphaeria (Tode) Fries. Sitka (Trelease, 683, on stromata of some sphaeriaceous fungus on branches apparently of Alnus} . Family Pyrenophora chrysospora (Niessl) Saccardo. Kukak Bay (Coville & Kearney, 15520, on dead petioles and stipules of Oxytropis}. Pyrenophora comata (Niessl) Saccardo. Port Clarence (Brewer & Coe, 19530) > St. Paul Island, Bering Sea (Macoun in 1891). On dead leaves and stems of Arenaria verna and A. macrocarpa. Pyrenophora polyphragmoides Saccardo & Scalia, sp. nov. (pi. v, %• I3-) Peritheciis erumpentibus, sparsis, punctiformibus, nigris, globulosis, 190-220 /x diam., setis rigidis, fuscis, septatis, 160-190 x 7-5 ^ vertice vestitis ; contextu parenchymatico, fuligineo ; ascis cylindraceis, rectis curvulisve, apice rotundatis, brevissime oblique stipitatis, octosporis ; sporidiis distichis, oblongo-fusoideis, utrinque obtusulis, initio 3~sep- tatis, dein sub-y-septatis, melleis, tandem 9-1 2-septatis, murali-divisis, medio vix v. non constrictis, 36-56 x i8/z, fuligineis. Popof Island (Harrington in 1871-2, on decayed stems and leaves of Polemonium humile}. Affinis P. phceosporce et P. polyphragmice sed rite distincta. Pleospora media Niessl. Unalaska (Harrington in 1871-2, in decayed leaves of Drala ver- nalis} . Est forma sporidiis latioribus (26-28 X 13-14;*), ut var. Itmonum Penzig. Pleospora pentamera Karsten. Walden Island (Hb. Thiel., on leaves and stems *of Dupontia jischert) . Sporidia plerumque 5-septata. Pleospora infectoria Fuckel. Nagai (Harrington in 1871-2, in dead culms of Poa ccesiaf). FUNGI 29 Pleospora herbarum (Persoon) Rabenhorst. Point Barrow (Murdoch, 15682, on decaying leaves of Ranuncu- lus nivalis) ; Nagai (Harrington in 1871-2, on decayed leaves of Oxytropis uralensis arctica). Prima est forma macrospora (sp. 44-54 X 20-23/1), postrema est microspora (sp. 32-36 x 15-16/1). Metasphaeria empetri (Fries) Saccardo. Port Clarence (Trelease, 700, on leaves of Empetrum nigrum, the specimen not entirely mature). Massarina dryadis Rostrup. Point Barrow (Murdoch in 1883, on leaves of Dryas octopetala integrifolia, the specimen not entirely mature) . Pseudovalsa ribesia Saccardo & Scalia, sp. nov. (pi. v, fig. 14.) Stromatibus corticolis tectis, dein erumpentibus, nigris, e peritheciis 4-6 connatis compositis, vix i mm. diam., ostiolis obtusulis breviter emergentibus ; ascis crasse cylindraceis, brevissime abrupte stipitatis, apice late rotundatis, 1 10-130 X 24-26 /*, filiformi-paraphysatis, octo- sporis ; sporidiis distichis, oblongo-fusoideis, primo hyalinis, didymis, strato mucoso hyalino obductis, dein 3-septatis, medio parum con- strictis, 38—41 X 16-20 /£, fuscidulis. Sitka (Trelease, 7090, on dead corticated branches of Ribes laxi- florum, associated with Rhynchophoma, Godronia, Diaporthe, etc.). Sporormia ambigua Niessl. Kadiak (Trelease, 707, on dung — of ptarmigan?). Leptosphaeria ophiopogonis graminum Saccardo. Yes Bay (Howell, on dead leaves of Festuca rubra, 1722). Leptosphaeria leersiana Saccardo. Yes Bay (Howell, on leaves of Agrostis, 1711, associated with Sphcerella californica}. Leptosphaeria doliolum (Persoon) De Notaris. Kadiak (Trelease, 7370, on dead stems of Heracleum, associated with Spharographium abdituiri}. Leptosphaeria foeniculacea lupina Saccardo & Scalia, subsp. nov. (pi. v, fig. 12.) Peritheciis globoso-depressis, diu tectis, dein nudatis, sparsis v. sub- gregariis, minutissime papillatis, 350-420 /* diam., glabris, nigris; contextu parenchymatico, fuligineo; ascis longe clavatis, stipitatis, 100-120 x I3-5-I5-5 fJ-t octosporis, paraphysibus filiformibus septu- jo SACCARDO, PECK, TRELEASE latis obvallatis ; sporidiis subdistichis, fusiformibus, 3~4-septatis, non constrictis, s infra medium septatis, non constrictis, farctis, hya- linis et initio strato mucoso inaaquali obductis, articulo superiore fere duplo majore. Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 684^, on decorticated dead branches of Cory lust), Etsi matrix non certa, species videtur distinguenda ob sporidia eximie anisomera. Diaporthe (Tetrastaga) pungens Nitschke. Sitka (Trelease, 7280;, on twigs of Ribes, associated with Rhyn- chophoma). Forma ostiolis brevius exertis. Venturia circinans (Fries) Saccardo. Virgin Bay (Trelease, 746, on living leaves of Geranium erianthum, immature) . Venturia kunzei Saccardo. Coleroa ch&tomium. Prince William Sound (Trelease, 748) ; Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 749) . On leaves of Rubus. Venturia kunzei ramicola Saccardo & Scalia, var. nov. (pi. iv, fig. 8.) A typo differt peritheciis ramicolis in crusta stromatica (propria?) nascentibus. Unalaska (Harrington in 1871-2, on branches of Rubus stellatus}. Sphaerella leptospora Saccardo & Scalia, sp. nov. (pi. iv, fig. 7.) Peritheciis sparsis, globulosis, primo immersis dein liberis, 220- 275^1 diam., poro pertusis, contextu parenchymatico, fuligineo ; ascis cylindraceis, rectis v. curvulis, brevissime stipitatis, 50-60x7.5-9^; sporidiis octonis, distichis, fusiformibus, rectis, medio I -septatis, non constrictis, 13-15.5x2.5-3^, hyalinis, ssepe guttulatis. Yes Bay (Howell, on leaves of Carex mertensiana, 1693). Affinis S. perexiguce, sed perithecia multo ampliora, asci longiores et angustiores. Sphaerella eriophila Niessl. St. Lawrence Bay (Liitk. Exped., on dead leaves of Artemisia glomerata or A. heterophylla} . 32 SACCARDO, PECK, TRELEASE A typo differt (an ab aetate?) ascis sporidiisque paullo angustioribus. Sphaerella graminum Saccardo & Scalia, sp. nov. (pi. iv, fig. 5.) Peritheciis sparsis, punctiformibus, globulosis, 150-200^ diam., innato-prominulis, epidermide non atrata tectis, brevissime papillato- pertusis, contextu membranaceo-fuligineo, parenchymatico ; ascis cylindraceis, subsessilibus, apice rotundatis, 65-70 x 10-12 /./., rectius- culis, 8-sporis; sporidiis distichis, elliptico-fusoideis, rectis, 13-16.5 X 3-5~ 4 P-) uniseptatis, non constrictis, plasmate granuloso v. minute guttulato farctis, hyalinis. Shumagin Islands (Harrington in 1871-2, on dead leaves of Poa stenantha). Affinis 61. cruris-galli, praecipue distinguenda peritheciis majusculis ratione fructificatione. Sphaerella wichuriana Schroeter. Yes Bay (Howell, on leaves of Carex, 1694). Sphaerella ootheca Saccardo. Nagai (Harrington in 1871-2, on leaves of Dryas octopetala). Verisimiliter S. octopetalce Oud. non satis differt. Sphaerella stellarmearum (Rabenhorst) Karsten. Russell Fiord (Coville & Kearney, 987*7, on old leaves of Alsine longipes} . Sphaerella harthensis Auerswald. Port Clarence (Trelease, 699, on living leaves of Betula glandu- losa, associated with Dothidella betulina). Sphaerella alni-viridis De Notaris. Port Wells (Trelease, 7100, 910, on leaves of Alnus, associated with Didymosphceria nana and Gnomoniella tubiformis}. Sphaerella calif ornica Cooke & Harkness. Yes Bay (Howell, on leaves of Agrostis, 1711, associated with Leptosphczria leersiand}. Sphaerella grossulariae salicella Saccardo & Scalia, var. nov. (pi. iv, fig. 6.) Peritheciis sparsim gregariis, punctiformibus, 100-130 jj. diam. ; ascis tereti-oblongis, 52-70 X 13-15.5 /*, brevissime stipitatis, octo- sporis; sporidiis polystichis, fusoideo-bacillaribus, rectis, 32-34 x 1.5-2.5 /z, uniseptatis, non constrictis, hyalinis. Kadiak (Trelease, 698, on leaves of Salix, associated with Rhy- tisma salicinum). FUNGI 33 Sphaerella ignobilis Auerswald. Nagai (Harrington in 1871-2, on leaves of Agrostis geminata}. Sporidia 9-10 X 3-3 -5 Pi ovato-oblonga, non exacte cuneata; asci paullo breviores, 30-34 X 9-10 ft. Sphaerella adusta Fuckel. Yakutat (Trelease, 620, on Epilobium sp. ; Brewer & Coe, 4475, on E. bongardt} ; Orca (Trelease, 619, on Epilobium sp.) ; Unalaska (Brewer & Coe, 2189, on E. boreale). Sphaerella pachyasca Rostrup. Point Barrow (Murdoch, on dead leaves of Draba alpina, 15686). Sphaerella rumicis (Desmazieres) Cooke. Juneau (Trelease, 774) ; Kadiak (Trelease, 771). On leaves of Rumex occidentalis. Physalospora crepiniana (Saccardo & March.). P. alpina crepiniana. Alaska (Harrington in 1871-2 ; Coville & Kearney, 1598, on leaves of Empetrum nigrum). Physalospora borealis Saccardo, sp. nov. (pi. iv, fig. 4.) Peritheciis laxe gregariis, subcutaneis, dein erumpentibus, globulo- sis, papillatis, nigris, .3~-5 mm. diam., contextu parenchymatico, duriusculo, fuligineo ; ascis cylindraceis, basi tenuatis brevissimeque stipitatis, apice obtusis, 70-75 X 5-6 /*, octosporis ; paraphysibus par- cis, brevibus ; sporidiis oblique monostichis, oblongo-ovoideis, lenis- sime inaequilateris, 9-10 X 4.5 /*, utrinque obtusulis, intus granulosis, hyalinis. Kukak Bay (Saunders, on decaying stems of Anemone, associated with Stagonospora pulsatilla') . Laestadia saxifragae Saccardo & Scalia, sp. nov. (pi. iv, fig. 3.) Peritheciis epiphyllis, punctiformibus, in partibus marginalibus ares- centibus foliorum sparsis, globosis, 100— 130^ diam., poro pertusis; contextu parenchymatico fuscello ; ascis cylindraceis v. cylindraceo- clavulatis, brevissime stipitatis, apice rotundatis, 60-80 x 10-13 /*, aparaphysatis, octosporis ; sporidiis distichis, oblongo-ellipsoideis, utrinque acutulis, 10-13 X 4-5~5'5 ^ continuis, hyalinis. Unalaska (one of the early Russian collectors in Hb. Bernhardi, on living leaves of Saxifraga parviflora) . Pluribus affinis, sed videtur satis distincta. Asci tantum e basi peri- thecii oriundi. 34 SACCARDO, PECK, TRELEASE Guignardia alaskana Reed. (pi. vn.) REED, Univ. Cal. Publ., Bot. i : 154, i6i.pl. 15, 16. Hot Springs, Baranof Island (Trelease, 970) ; Kadiak ; Unalaska. Parasitic \n. Prasiola borealis. — Cogeneric with the preceding, but the name Lczstadia abandoned by the author of the species because pre- occupied among the flowering plants. Gnomoniella tubiformis (Tode) Saccardo. Port Wells (Trelease, 710, on leaves of Alnus). Hypoxylon majusculum Cooke. Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 786, on dead bark of Alnus sitchensis). Sporidia 14-16 X 5.5-6^1. Hypoxylon ohiense Ellis & Everhart. (pi. iv, fig. 2.) Sitka (Trelease, on trunks of Picea). Asci clavati tenuiter stipitati, 68-80 X 7-8 /* ; sporidia oblique mo- nosticha, oblongo-ellipsoidea, 5.5-7*5 X 2.5-3.5 /*, fuliginea; stroma 2-4 cm. longa et lata; perithecia 1.5-1.7 mm. longa. Family PERISPORIACEJE. Antennaria rectangularis Saccardo, sp. nov. (pi. in, fig. 9.) Casspitulosa v. effusa, superficialis, atro-fuliginea, laxiuscule intri- cata ; hyphis ascendentibus, tortuosis, v. subrectis, longissimis, fili- formibus, 1.5-2 mm. long., 12-15 /* cr-j parce ramosis, multiarticu- latis, articulis 22-28 X 12-15 &•> ac^ septa non v. leniter constrictis, saepe i-guttatis; ramis simplicibus, subalternis, angulo perfecte recto patentibus, 70-80 raro usque 400 p. longis, apicibus acutiusculis v. obtusis; peritheciis. . . . Sitka (Howell, on shoots and leaves of Phyttodoce glanduliflora, 1597)- Certe affinis Antennarice robinsonii B. & M., differt tamen hyphis omnibus aequalibus, nee partim torulosis, ramis angulo perfecte recto oriundis, etc. Limacinia? alaskensis Saccardo & Scalia, sp. nov. (pi. iv, fig. i.) Effusa, superficialis, densa, opace atra, subpannosa, 2-4 cm. longa, • 5-.75 mm. cr. ; hyphis mycelii hormiscioideis, filiformibus, simplici- bus v. furcatis, 400-500 x 16-18 fi, crebre septatis, ad septa constrictis, articulis globoso-cuboideis, 15-20 x 13-15 P-> subinde latioribus quam longis, fuligineis, plerumque parietali-i-guttatis; conidiis oblongo- fusoideis, 28-30 X 10 /*, 3-septatis, vix constrictis, fuligineis ; peri- theciis. in mycelio gregariis et subasconditis globulosis, obtusis v. FUNGI 35 depressis, 180-200 ;JL lat., hyphis consimilibus laxe vestitis; ascis (immaturis) clavatis, 90-120 x 15—1$ ^ aparaphy satis, subsessilibus ; sporidiis. . . . Glacier Bay (Trelease, 7I2» on still living bark of Alnus}. Mycelium sistit Hormiscii v. Antennarice formam ; forte Hormiscio alto Ehrenb. accedit. Eurotium herbariorum (Wigg.) Link. Yes Bay (Howell, on Geum, 1618). Family CHYTRIDIACEJE. Physoderma menyanthis De Bary. Kukak Bay (Saunders, 769, on Menyanthes trifoliata). Family SAPROLEGNIACE^E. Lagenidlum entophytum (Pringsheim) Zopf.§ Popof Island (Saunders, 40 ic, in zygospores of Spirogyra porti- calis) . Pythium gracile Schenk.§ Popof Island (Saunders, 401 £, in vegetative cells of Spirogyra porticalis*) . Family PERONOSPORACEJE. Peronospora parasitica (Persoon) De Bary. Yakutat (Saunders, 677, on Arabis hirsuta). Peronospora ficariae Tulasne. Glacier Bay (Coville & Kearney, 743, on leaves of Ranunculus). Family USTILAGINACEJE. Tuburcinia trientalis Berkeley & Broome. Kadiak (Trelease, 720) ; Unalaska (Trelease, 719). On living leaves of Trientalis. The conidial stage, known as Ovularia trientalis Berk. Ustilago vinosa (Berkeley) Tulasne.* Point Barrow (Murdoch in 1883, in Oxyria digyna). Ustilago bistortarum (De Candolle) Kornicke. Port Wells (Trelease, 764, in leaves of Polygonum mviparum). Ustilago bistortarum inflorescentiae Trelease, var. nov.* Spores very abundant, brownish-purple, subglobose or slightly elon- gated, 9-14 /*, usually 11-13 j«, almost perfectly smooth. 36 SACCARDO, PECK, TRELEASE Kadiak (Trelease, 675) ; Yakutat (Trelease, 674) ; Unalaska (Tre- lease, 676). In the inflorescence of Polygonum viviparum. This differs from var. glabra in the part of the host plant in which the spores appear, and from the typical form of the species further in its smoother spores. Family UREDINACE^. Caeoma saxifragarum (De Candolle) Schlechtendal.* St. Lawrence Island, Bering Sea (Trelease, 660, on Saxifraga bracteatd) . Uredo ledicola Peck.* Virgin Bay (Trelease, 641) ; Kadiak (Trelease, 642). On Ledum •palustre. Uredo nootkatensis Trelease, sp. nov.* Sori subhemispherical, about .5 mm. in diameter, deep orange, the affected leaf yellowish. Spores globose to shortly obovoid, the rather thin wall colorless, radiately striate and slightly roughened, 28-31 /j. ; pedicel colorless, very slender, breaking a short distance from the spore. Hot Springs, Baranof Island (Trelease, 668, on leaves of Chamcecy- paris nootkatensis). Peridermium cerebrum Peck.* New Metlakatla (Trelease, 667, on Pinus contorta). -SScidium ranunculaceanim De Candolle.* Unalaska (Harrington in 1871-2 ; Trelease, 663 — both on Anemone richardsonii ; Trelease, 662, on Ranunculus). Held to be a stage of Uromyces dactylidis, which has not yet been observed as Alaskan. .fficidium grossulariae De Candolle.* Wrangell (Evans, 95) ; Juneau (Trelease, 644) ; Sitka (Trelease, 643); Yakutat (Saunders, 646; Trelease, 645). On Ribes. ^Ecidium fraserae Trelease, sp. nov.* Spots yellowish, round or sometimes elongated on the petiole or midvein, measuring 2—5 mm. Spermogonia and aecidia amphigenous but most numerous on the lower surface, the former at length brown ; peridia not crowded, irregularly or subcircinately placed, about .25 mm. in diameter, cylindrical, without spreading border ; spores poly- gonally subglobose to ellipsoid, nearly smooth, 16-22 //. Kadiak (Trelease, 647, 648, 649, on leaves of Frasera). FUNGI 37 Chiefly differs from the aecidial form of Puccinia gentiance in the grouping of the spermogonia and the form of the peridia. JEcidium alaskanum Trelease, sp. nov. * Spots pale, mostly elliptical, about 5 X 5-10 mm. Spermogonia wanting; aecidia amphigenous, but most abundant on the lower surface, about .25 mm. in diameter, with multifid recurving border, peridial cells about 28 /z broad ; spores little longer than broad, nearly smooth, 16-20^. Kadiak (Trelease, 652, on Habenaria bracteata, 6520, on H. hy- perborea, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, on H. dilatata; Trelease, 650, on Orchis aristata) ; Popof Island (Kincaid ; Saunders, 658, 659 — all on Habenaria dilatata') ; Unalaska (Trelease, 651, on Orchis aristata} ; near Ocean Cape, Yakutat Bay (Funston, on Habenaria dilatata, 52) ; Bering Island (Macoun, on Habenaria bracteata, 144). Of the general appearance of A. orchidearum, now held to be the secidial stage of Puccinia molinice, but differing in the absence of spermogonia and in its larger peridial cells and smaller, less sculptured spores. .flScidium epilobii De Candolle.* Glacier Bay (Coville & Kearney, 952) ; Kadiak (Trelease, 6590;). On leaves of Epilobium. .flJcidium violascens Trelease, sp. nov.* Spots large, irregular, effuse, violet especially on the upper surface of the leaf, frequently following the veins which are then thickened. Sori hypophyllous, scarcely .5 mm. in diameter, hemispherical, crowded irregularly or along the veins ; peridia included, borderless, the irreg- ularly oblong cells about 20 X 30—40 ft, sinuously and rugosely rough- ened ; spores variously and often polygonally rounded to ellipsoidal, minutely verruculose, 22-28 x 22-35 /*. Kadiak (Trelease, 634) ; Kukak Bay (Saunders, 636, on a leaf with Puccinia geranii-silvaticr). On leaves of Geranium erianthum. From A. geranii this differs in the color of the spots, the frequent thickening of the veins, fewer peridia neither regularly arranged nor with spreading border, and much larger spores. JEddium asterum Schweinitz.* Kadiak (Trelease, 624, on Aster foliaceus^ . ^cidium parnassiae (Schlechtendal) Grav.* Kadiak (Trelease, 665, on Parnassia palustris"). See, further, Puccinia caricis. 38 SACCARDO, PECK, TRELEASE JEcidium claytonianum (Schweinitz) Clinton. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea (Trelease, 664, on Claytonia arctica}. JGcidium circinans Eriksson f . aconiti-delphinifolii. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea (Trelease, 661, on Aconitum}. ^Ecidium astragali-alpini Eriksson.1 Muir Glacier (Trelease, 632, on Astragalus) . Thecopsora vacciniorum (Link) Karsten.* Sitka (Trelease, 614, on Vaccinium). Chrysomyxa pirolae (De Candolle) Rostrup.* Glacier Bay (Trelease, 771); Disenchantment Bay (Coville & Kearney, 1025). Both on Pyrola. Yes Bay (Howell, on Moneses grandiflora, 1632). The uredo stage only. Phragmidium subcorticium (Schrank) Winter.* Sitka (Evans, 204) ; Kadiak (Cole; Trelease, 638, 639, 640). On Rosa cinnamomea. The aecidial stage only. Phragmidium rubi (Persoon) Winter?* Disenchantment Bay, (Trelease, 670) ; Unalaska (Hb. Bernhardi). On Rubus stellatus. The uredo only. Phragmidium rubi-idaei (De Candolle) Karsten? * Kadiak (Trelease, 671, 672, 673, on Rubus chamamorus) . The uredo stage only, forming small sori on the under surface of the leaves. Puccinia bullata (Persoon) Schroeter.* Popof Island (Saunders, 617, on Ccelopleurum gmelini} ; St. Paul Island, Bering Sea (Trelease, 618, on Conioselinum gmelini}. Puccinia circaeae Persoon.* Juneau (Setchell, 1250, on Circcea alpina or C. pacified}. Puccinia laurentiana Trelease, sp. nov.* Sori hypophyllous, chestnut-brown, round, about i mm. in diame- ter; spores brown, somewhat constricted, about 20x50^, the apex thickened and with pallescent apiculus, the rather thick walls neither striate nor verrucose ; pedicel hyaline, breaking short. St. Lawrence Island, Bering Sea (Macoun, on Saxifraga neglecta stolonifera, 60). Agreeing more closely with the description of P. saxifragce-ciliata than with other described species on genera of Saxifragaceae. 1 Determined by Professor J. C. Arthur. FUNGI 39 Puccinia saxifragae Schlechtendal. SACCARDO, Sylloge Fungorum, la1 : 641. Alaska. On Saxifraga. Puccinia prenanthis (Persoon) Fuckel.* Sitka (Trelease, 623) ; Kadiak (Trelease, 622, 6220). On Pre- nanthes alata. The aecidial and teleutosporic stages. Puccinia fergussoni Berkeley & Broome.* Kadiak (Trelease, 625, on Viola blanda}. Puccinia heucherae (Schweinitz) Dietel.* Juneau (Setchell, 1251, on Heuchera glabra ; Trelease, 615, on Saxifraga nelsoniand} ; Disenchantment Bay (Funston, on Tellima grandiflora, 83). Puccinia tiarellae Berkeley & Curtis.1 Head of Russell Fiord (Coville & Kearney, 9580;, on Heuchera glabrd}. Puccinia thlaspeos Schubert.* Disenchantment Bay (Coville & Kearney, 1112); Kukak Bay (Saunders, 631). On Arabis ambigua. Puccinia porphyrogenita Curtis.* Douglas Island (Trelease, 616) ; Sitka (Setchell, 1270). OnCornus canadensis. Yes Bay (Howell, on Cornus suecica, 1630). Puccinia asteris Duby.* Kadiak (Trelease, 624^, on Aster foliaceus) . Puccinia valerianae Carest.* St. Paul Island, Bering Sea (Brewer, 637, on Valeriana capitata}. Uredo and teleutospores are present. Puccinia geranii-silvatici Karsten.* Kukak Bay (Saunders, 6360;) ; Popof Island (Saunders, 635). On leaves of Geranium erianthum. Globose and obovoid mesospores, and 3-celled teleutospores, occur occasionally with the normal 2-celled spores. — See further ^Ecidium violascens. Puccinia procera D. & H.1 Revillagigedo Island (Howell, on Elymus dahuricus, 1723 ?). 1 Determined by Professor J. C. Arthur. AQ SACCARDO, PECK, TRELEASK Puccinia caricis (Schumann) Reber? * New Metlakatla (Trelease, 630) ; Sitka (Trelease, 629, on Carex tolmici?; Wright, on Carex, 1575). III. Sori oblong, bordered but not covered by the epidermis, when dry fissuring transversely at intervals, dark brown, less black than usual with P. caricis; spores brown, 17-20 x about 50/1, the often somewhat truncated apex much thickened. Dr. Juel, who was kind enough to examine the specimens in com- parison with his P. uliginosa (the aecidial stage of which is held to be A. parnassicz}, considers it impossible to determine the species of this group without experimental knowledge of their aecidia. — See further ^T^cidium parnassiae. Melampsora farinosa (Persoon) Schroeter?* On Salix stolonifera: Disenchantment Bay (Coville & Kearney, 10250! — not producing discolored spots on the leaves ; sori mostly hypophyllous but also found on the upper surface and occasionally on the twigs; spores 16-237-1, paraphyses 15-20;* in diameter at top, either clavate or capitate). On Salix pulchra : Popof Island (Saunders, 611 — causing small yellow or brown leaf-spots ; sori most abundant on the lower surface ; spores 16-20 AI; paraphyses about 20/1 in diameter at top). On Salix alaxensis: Muir Glacier (Trelease, 612, 613 — causing distinct often large yellow leaf-spots ; sori on both surfaces but most abundant below; spores 16-23/1; paraphyses 16-20 or occasionally 27 At in diameter at top). On Salix reticulata: Kukak Bay CSaunders, 608 — not producing spots ; the distinct sori scattered over the lower surface of the leaf and a few on the upper surface near the base; spores 16-20^; paraphyses 13—20 A1) . M. reticulatce Blytt differs markedly in its much larger and usually thicker-walled paraphyses. On Salix fuscescens: St. Lawrence Island, Bering Sea (Trelease, 609 — not causing spots; sori hypophyllous; spores 16—23 A*) • Melampsora alpina Juel?* Port Clarence (Trelease, 610, on Salix polar is}. Producing at most small brown spots ; sori amphigenous ; spores 16-20 p. ; paraphyses 20—27 J" a* aPex« Only the uredo form of these doubtfully determined species of Melampsora was observed. Hyalospora polypodii-dryopteridis (Moug. & Nestl.) Magnus.* Juneau (Trelease, 669, on Phegopteris dryopteris). FUNGI 41 Only the uredo stage, Uredo aspidiotus Pk., was observed. Uromyces lapponicus Lagerheim. l Unga Island (Saunders, 633, 6330, on Astragalus}. Uromyces erythronii (De Candolle) Passerini.* Kadiak (Trelease, 626) ; Kukak Bay (Saunders, 627). On Fritil- laria kamtschatcensis. Family LYCOPERDACEJB. Lycoperdon piriforme Schaeffer.* Cape Fox (Trelease, 607). Lycoperdon sp.* Muir Glacier (Trelease, 605). A minute species, apparently of the bovistoid group, but immature. Lycoperdon saccatum Vahl.* Virgin Bay (Kincaid). Lycoperdon sp.* Port Clarence (Trelease, 604). A species apparently of the proteid group — now frequently re- ferred to the genus Calvatia — but too immature for naming. Family NIDULARIACE^E. Nidularia Candida Peck.f Farragut Bay (Trelease, 603) ; Sitka (Trelease, 599); Orca (Tre- lease, 602); Yakutat (Trelease, 600). Also collected on Lowe Inlet, B. C. (Trelease, 601), and occurs from Alaska without further designation of locality in the National Herbarium (Evans, 139). The specimens indicate considerable variation in the species. In some the peridium is much larger than in others, it being 12 mm. long and 10 mm. broad at the mouth in the large specimens. The tomen- tum of the external surface varies in color from white to gray, and the inner surface from pure white to dingy white, often becoming brown toward the base of the cup ; in the smaller cups it is glabrous, but in the larger it is often floccose or downy near the margin. The peridiola, which are about i mm. broad, also vary much in color. They are sometimes white on one side and brown on the other, or white with a brown margin, but they are usually brown on both sides ; their surfaces may be even or wrinkled, and sometimes, as in the 1 Determined by Professor J. C. Arthur. A2 SACCARDO, PECK, TRELEASE typical form, they are marked by blackish lines. This character is not shown by any of these specimens, but they are apparently old, as only a few of them have any peridiola. Age may also account for the gray color of the peridium in some of the specimens. All are open. The young unopened plant is yet a desideratum. Family TREMELLACE^. Guepinia lutea Bresadola, sp. nov. J Gregaria v. subcaespitosa ; tremelloso-tenax, flavo-lutea ; concepta- culis cupulari-stipitatis ; cupula glabra, complanato-concava margine sinuoso, disco-hymenophora, 2-5 mm. lata ; stipes teres, 1-4.5 mm- longus, .5—1 mm. crassus, basi demum fuscidulus ; basidia cylindracea, apice subcapitata, 45-50x3-4^, bifida; sporas subcylindraceae, sub- curvatse, 5-9-septatae, 18-20x6-7^1. Orca (Trelease, 688). Also in Lowe Inlet, B. C. (Trelease, 592, 594)- Guepinice merulince, cujus gaudet structura, affinis ; differt cupula et stipite lasvibus nee non sporibus majoribus majisque septatis. Dacryomyces deliquescens (Bulliard) Duby.J Juneau (Trelease, 589) ; Sitka (Trelease, 590) ; Yakutat (Trelease, 593). One other species of this genus, D. palmatus (Schw.) Bresadola, determined by Abbe Bresadola, was collected along Broughton Strait, Vancouver Island (Trelease, 729) . Tremella (?) phyllachoroidea Saccardo, sp. nov. (pi. in, fig. n.) Erumpenti-adnata, epiphylla, applanato-pulvinata, ambitu subor- bicularis v. oblonga, 2-4 mm. diam., .7-1 mm. crass., uda exquisite gelatinosa, superficie nigra, opaca, minute rugulosa, intus pallidior, tota filamentosa ; filamentis seu hyphis angustissime filiformibus, 1 .5-2 fi cr., longissimis, varie intricatis, furcatis v. varie ramosis, hyalinis, intus granulosis, apicibus subinde lenissime incrassatis, obtusis ; basi- diis . . . ; sporis. . . . Sitka (Mertens, on decaying fallen leaves of Menziesia ferruginea} . Videtur affinis Tremella atro-virenti Fr. ; dubia tamen quia sterilis. Family THELEPHORACEJE. Exobasidium vaccinii (Fuckel) Woronin. CAMPBELL, Amer. Naturalist, 33 : 399. Orca (Trelease, 716, 717, 718, 765 ; Coville & Kearney, 1639 — all FUNGI 43 on Vaccinium ovalifolium? ) ; Seldovia (Saunders, 714, on V. oxy- coccus*) . Peniophora disciformis borealis Peck, var. nov. f Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 583). Differs from the description of the species in having a slight pink- ish tint and in its smaller cystidia, which are only half as long and broad as in the species. The disk is covered with a distinct white pruinosity or pulverulence. The specimens are sterile. Fertile speci- mens may show it to be a distinct species. Corticium incarnatum (Persoon) Fries. Farragut Bay (Trelease, 582). Hymenochaete tabacina (Sowerby) Leveilte.f Sitka (Trelease, 5830;). Thelephora laciniata Persoon. { Alaska (Evans, 410). Family POLYPORACE^. Poria crassa KarstenPJ Farragut Bay (Trelease, 577). Sterile and doubtful. Polystictus radiatus (Sowerby) Fries. f Kukak Bay (Kincaid, 575). The specimens are very old, weathered and discolored, but appar- ently belong here. Polystictus abietinus Fries, f Point Gustavus (Coville & Kearney) ; Orca (Trelease, 579). Also collected along Lowe Inlet, B. C. (Trelease, 581), where P. versicolor L., as determined by Professor Saccardo, was also collected (Trelease, 580). Fomes fomentarius (Linnaeus) Fries. t White Pass (Trelease, 574, on Betuld}. Fomes pinicola Fries. t Orca (Coville & Kearney, a small depressed form ; Trelease, 573, the form having a pallid margin) ; Sitka (Coville & Kearney, the pale- margined form). This species is not limited in its habitat to pine trees or even to coniferous wood. 44 SACCARDO, PECK, TRELEASE This species, as determined by Professor Peck, was also collected along Lowe Inlet, B. C. (Trelease, 572), and on Vancouver Island (Trelease, 571). Though not collected in Alaska, Pomes lucidus (Leys.) Fr. is very abundant on Tsuga in the Vancouver region, where it attains immense proportions. One specimen, by no means the largest observed, which was collected on Broughton Strait (Trelease, 509), measures 16 inches in length and breadth. F. applanatus (Pers.) Wallr., another species not collected in Alaska, but doubtless occurring there, is represented from Lowe Inlet, B. C. (Trelease, 570), in a singular tabular form, according to Pro- fessor Peck's determination. Fomes igniarius (Linnaeus) Fries.f St. Michael (Nelson, 4266, 43366, in U. S. Nat. Museum) ; region of Lake Iliamna (Gorman). On Betula. This is the fungus figured by Nelson, without name, in Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethnology, 18' : 271. f. 93, and said by him and Mr. Gorman to be used for making ashes which are mixed with tobacco for chewing. Polyporus melanopus Schweinitz.f Orca (Trelease, 578). Young and not well developed, but scarcely anything else. Polyporus pubescens (Schumann) Fries. t Kukak Bay (Kincaid, 576). The single specimen collected is old and somewhat discolored. Family AGARICACE^. Psathyrella atomaria Fries. \ Sitka (Trelease, 555). Psathyrella disseminata Persoon.J Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 559). Coprinus plicatilis (Curtis) Fries. % Hot Springs, Baranof Island (Trelease, 59 1£"). Psilocybe polytrichi Fries, f St. Paul Island, Bering Sea (Trelease, 521). Among hair-cap moss. Stropharia magnivelaris Peck, sp. nov.f Pileus convex, becoming nearly plane, sometimes umbonate, gla- brous or obscurely radiately fibrillose or fibrillose-squamose with innate FUNGI 45 or appressed fibrils, ochraceous buff when dry ; lamellae moderately close, blackish-brown when mature; stems long, slender, glabrous, solid, slightly thickened at the base, whitish, the ring large, membra- nous, white, persistent; spores elliptic-oblong, 14-16/4 long, 7-8 fj. broad. Pileus 2-3 cm. broad; stem 5—7 cm. long, 2—4 mm. thick. Yaktitat (Trelease, 501, 503). The species is well marked by the large, firm, persistent white ring, which is sometimes flocculose on the lower surface. The pileus may be somewhat glutinous when moist, and the drying of the gluten may give the fibrillose or squamose appearance exhibited by some of the specimens. Agaricus campester Linnaus.* Kadiak (Trelease, 504). Cortinarius sp. ? MACOUN, Kept. Fur Seal Investigations, Pt. 3, 584. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea. Tubaria brevipes Peck, sp. nov.f Pileus thin, convex, glabrous, ferruginous ; lamellae broad, arcuate, distant, adnate or slightly decurrent, ferruginous ; stem short, slender, glabrous, hollow, brown; spores elliptic, uninucleate, 10-12 fi long, 7-8 /j. broad. Pileus 6-10 mm. broad ; stem 6-14 mm. long, scarcely i mm. thick. Port Clarence (Trelease, 562, 567) . The dried specimens resemble in color those of Omphalia cam- •panella, but the color of the spores and the ferruginous hue of the lamellae easily distinguish this species from any species of Omphalia. Galera sphagnorum (Persoon) Fries. t Kadiak (Trelease, 511); Yakutat (Trelease, 5140, 516). Naucoria vernalis Peck.f Orca (Trelease, 506). Naucoria badipes Fries ? { Juneau (Trelease, 568^). Naucoria camerina Fries. J Orca (Trelease, 508). Flammula fulvella Peck. MACOUN, Kept. Fur Seal Investigations, Pt. 3, 583. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea. 46 SACCARDO, PECK, TRELEASE Pholiota marginata Batsch.J Muir Glacier (Trelease, 525). Pholiota unicolor Wahlenberg.} Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 520). Pholiota praecox sylvestris Peck.f Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 502, 514, 517). In these specimens the whole surface of the pileus has the reddish yellow or rusty brown color that in the typical form is limited to the center. Eccilia conchina (Fries). t Juneau (Trelease, 564). Nolanea juncea Fries. | Sitka (Trelease, 507). Nolanea? sp. Nolaviea? sp. MACOUN, Kept. Fur Seal Investigations, R. 3, 584. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea. Entoloma clypeatum (Linnaaus) Fries. t Glacier Bay (Coville, 505). The specimens appear to belong to this species, but the reference is doubtful to the extent that it is not possible to affirm that the pileus is hygrophanous when fresh, as there are no notes with the samples that indicate it. Marasmius androsaceus Fries ?J Virgin Bay (Trelease, 528). Marasmius filipes PeckPJ Orca (Trelease, 5290, on needles of Tsuga). Marasmius perforans Host.J Orca (Trelease, 529, on needles of Tsuga}. Cantharellus bryophilus Peck, sp. nov.t Pileus thin, dimidiate, flabellate, or subspatulate, rarely lobed, gla- brous, mostly white tomentose or downy at the base, sessile by a more or less broad base; lamellae very narrow, branched or forked, dis- tant ; spores broadly elliptic or subglobose, 6-7 p. long, 5-6 p. broad. Pileus 1-2.5 cm. broad. Muir Glacier (Trelease, 552, 563, in moss). The dried specimens have the pileus partly blackened. They are FUNGI 47 mostly whitish or pallid at and near the base, blackish toward and on the margin. They are probably white or whitish when fresh and assume the blackish color with age or in drying. Though inhabiting mosses, the species may be distinguished from C. muscigenus by the zoneless and differently colored pileus, by the entire absence of a dis- tinct stem, and by the smaller spores. In one specimen the pileus is slightly fibrillose. Russula nigrodisca Peck. MACOUN, Kept. Fur Seal Investigations, Pt. 3, 583. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea. Hygrophorus limacinus (Scopoli) Fries. f ' Alaska ' (Evans, 263). The specimens are small and pale. Omphalia semivestipes Peck.f Orca (Trelease, 522, 524). These specimens have the stems longer than they are in the type, but they are evidently the same species. Omphalia campanella (Batsch) Fries, f Sitka (Trelease, 536$, 540, 561 J) ; Orca (Trelease, 530, 550, 565). Omphalia montana Peck.t St. Paul Island, Bering Sea (Trelease, 551). Omphalia sphagnophila Peck, sp. nov.f Pileus at first narrowly obconic and centrally depressed, becoming tubiform or subinfundibuliform, thin, glabrous, whitish or pale yellow ; lamellas moderately broad, distant, very decurrent, yellow, the inter- spaces sometimes venose ; stem short, solid or stuffed, pruinose or minutely downy, whitish with a white mycelium at the base ; spores broadly elliptic, 6-7 fj. long, 4-5 fi broad. Pileus 1-2 cm. broad; stem 1-2 cm. long, 2-4 mm. thick. Port Clarence (Trelease, 558). Growing among and attached to the stems and branches of Sphagnum. This species is closely related to O. umbellifera, of which it may possibly be a variety, but it is easily separated by its peculiar shape, especially when young, and by its more narrow and much more decur- rent lamellae. Omphalia umbellifera (Linnaeus) Fries. t Cape Fox (Trelease) ; Juneau (Trelease, 5680;) ; Sitka (Trelease, 539, 544-6) ; Orca (Trelease, 538, 543) ; Virgin Bay (Trelease, 548) ; 48 SACCARDO, PECK, TRELEASE Port Wells (Trelease, 549) ; Yakutat (Trelease, 542) ; Bering Sea : Hall Island (Trelease, 537) ; St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 556). Omphalia gracillima Weinmann.} Port Clarence (Trelease, 557). Omphalia pseudo-androsacea Bulliard.J Juneau (Trelease, 5640:); Sitka (Trelease, 554). Omphalia pyxidata hepatica Batsch.J Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 566). Mycena atrocyanea Batsch. } Yakutat (Trelease, 5320?) ; Orca (Trelease, 533?); Virgin Bay (Trelease, 531, forma minor). Mycena debilis Fries. \ Sitka (Trelease, 553) . Mycena stannea Fries. J Hot Springs, Baranof Island (Trelease, 591^"?) ; Orca (Trelease, 534) ; Yakutat (Trelease, 532). Collybia dryophila (Bulliard) Fries, f Wrangell (Trelease, 512) ; Juneau (Trelease, 5640;) ; Sitka (Tre- lease, 509, 510, 560) ; Kadiak (Trelease, 519). Collybia velutipes spongiosa Peck, var. nov.f Yakutat (Trelease, 515). The distinguishing characters of this variety are found in the short, rather fragile stem, which is clothed throughout with a rather dense but soft tawny tomentose stratum .5-1 mm. thick. The stems are scarcely more than 2.5 cm. long. The soft spongy texture of this tomentose coat is suggestive of the name given. Clitocybe diatreta Fries. MACOUN, Kept. Fur Seal Investigations, Pt. 3, 583. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea. Clitocybe laccata Scopoli. MACOUN, Rept. Fur Seal Investigations, Pt. 3, 583. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea. Clitocybe cyathiformis Fries. MACOUN, Rept. Fur Seal Investigations, Pt. 3, 583. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea. FUNGI 49 Tricholoma melaleucum Persoon. J Orca (Trelease, 523). STERILE MYCELIA. Sclerotium varium Persoon. Kadiak (Trelease, 7370, in decaying stems of Heracleum). Sclerotium durum Persoon. Orca (Trelease, 73oa» m decaying stem of Veratrum, associated with Patinella aloysii-sabaudi ^> perithecia duo binata ; c, contextus perithecii ; d, ascus ; e, sporidia. 2. Phialea carneola Sacc. «, fungus, X 5 > &> cupula? varia aetate ; c, ascus ; <£, sporidia. 3. Helotium alaska Sacc. a, fungus, X 5 > *> ascoma sectum ; r, ascus ; d, sporidia. 4. Pirottcea yakutatiana Sacc. a, fungus, X4! *» ascomata magis aucta; c, pili fimbriati ; «f, setula ; c, ascus ; _/", sporidia. 5. Trichopeziza earoleuca (B. & Br.) Sacc. a, fungus, X45 *> seta > c« ascus et sporidia. 6. Patinella aloysii-sabaudtce Sacc. a, fungus, X * 5 *> cupulae, X 5 ? c> sectio ; d, pili seu cellulae marginales solutae ; e, ascus et paraphyses ; /, conidia ; g, sporidia. (54) H.A.E. VOL V PLATE LITH BRTTTON *KET£ B T ALASKA FUNGI PLATE III. FIG. 7. ScleroderHs treleasei Sacc. «, fungus, X i ; *, ascomata, X 5 ; <", as- coma juvenile sectum ; d, ascoma adultum sectum ; e, ascus ; f, asci apex ; g, sporidia. 8. Ramularia punctiformis Sacc. «, fungus, X 5 ; *, caespituli hjphse ; c, conidia. 9. Antennaria rectangularis Sacc. or, hyphae parum auctae ; b, hjphae frag- mentum valde auctum. 10. Fusarium illosporioides Sacc. ^> ascus; c, sporidia. 3. Lcestadia saxifrages Sacc. & Seal, a, fungus, X J ! *> perithecium sec- turn ; c, asci ; *. perithecia aucta ; c, ascus ; d, sporidia. 5. Sphcerella graminum Sacc. & Seal, a, fungus, X * 5 ^» perithecium auctum ; c, asci ; d, sporidia. 6. Sphcerella grossularice salicella Sacc. & Seal, a, fungus, X i ! *> perithecium auctum; c, ascus; perithecia aucta ; c, setula perithecii ; d, ascus ; e, sporidia. 9. Didymosphceria arenaria macrospora Sacc. & Seal. a, fungus, X * ! 3, perithecium auctum ; c, ascus ; d, sporidia. (58) H A E. VOL V PLATE IV ALASKA FUNGI PLATE V. FlG. IO. Diaporthe (Chorostate) anisomera Sacc. & Seal, a, fungus, X l 5 *» acervulus sectus horizontaliter ; c, acervulus sectus verticaliter ; d, ascus ; e, sporidia. 11. Leptosphceria agnita labens Sacc. & Seal, a, fungus, X J > ^> perithe- cium sectum ; c, ascus ; d, sporidia. 12. Leptosphceria foeniculacea lupina Sacc. & Seal, a, fungus, X T ! ^» perithecia secta ; c, ascus ; d, sporidia. 13. Pyrenophora polyphragmoides Sacc. & Seal, a, fungus, X i 5 *> peri- thecium auctum ; c, setula perithecii ; d, ascus ; e, sporidium. 14. Pseudovalsa ribesia Sacc. & Seal, a, fungus, X i ; b, acervulus sectus ; c, ascus ; d, sporidia. 15. Phyllachora filicina Sacc. & Seal, a, fungus, X x i ^> stroma sectum; c, loculus sectus auctus ; d, ascus ; e, sporidia. 15'. Dothidella betulina yakutatiana Sacc. & Seal, a, stroma sectum; b, ascus ; c, sporidia. 16. Fabreea cincta Sacc. & Seal, a, fungus, X 1 5 *> ascoma sectum; c, asci ; d, sporidia. 17. Rhynchophoma raduloides Sacc. & Seal, a, fungus, X I > ^> perithecia; c, contextus prosenchymaticus perithecii; *> perithecium sectum ; c, sporulae. 19. Phyllosticta helleboricola coptidis Sacc. & Seal, a, fungus, X x > ^i perithecium sectum ; c, sporulae. 20. Stagonospora aquatica luzulicola Sacc. & Seal, a, fungus, X * > ^» perithecium sectum ; c, sporulae. 21. Stagonospora heleocharidis caricina Sacc. & Seal. «, fungus, X x i £, perithecium sectum ; c, sporulae. 22. Stagonospora graminum Sacc. & Seal. «, fungus, X J 5 ^> peritheciuni sectum ; c, sporulae. 23. Septoria petroselini treleaseana Sacc. & Seal, a, fungus, X I > ^> peri- thecia secta ; c, sporulae. 24. Septoria eriophorella Sacc. & Seal, a, fungus, X x > ^» perithecium sectum ; c, sporulae. 25. Septoria chamissonis Sacc. & Seal, a, fungus, X J j ^> perithecium sectum; c, sporulae. 26. Rhabdospora camptospora Sacc. & Seal, a, fungus, X J j ^> perithecium auctum ; tr, sporulae. 27- Sphcerographium abdittim Sacc. & Seal. «, fungus, X I ! ^> perithecia aucta ; c, sporulae. 28. Microcera brachyspora Sacc. & Seal. «, fungus, X i > ^» sporodochium auctum sectum ; c, hjphae variae ; d, conidia. (62) PLATE VI _A •• 18 a IB /> f 19 a I! I 19^ 26« ALASKA FUNGI PLATE VII. Guignardia alaskana Reed. FIG. I. Thallus, X 2. 2. Asci and spores, X 435- 3. Vertical section, X J92' 4. Section through the fruit, X IO°. 5. Section, X 384- (64) H.AE. VOL V PLATE VII I URTTTH M & REV. n ALASKA FUNGI THE LICHENS OF ALASKA THE LICHENS OF ALASKA BY CLARA E. CUMMINGS OUR knowledge of the lichens of Alaska and their distribution has been materially increased by the collections of the Harriman Expedition. Over 800 specimens were collected, representing 217 species, 75 °f which were new to Alaska. At the same time that I received the Harriman lichens, various specimens from the United States National Herbarium were placed in my hands. These were collected by C. H. Townsend, in connec- tion with the work of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Al- batross at Attu Island; by Frederick Funston, in the upper Yukon Valley ; and by Walter H. Evans and J. Henry Turner. These collections add 5 species new to Alaska which are not represented in the Harriman collection, and 3 species not new to Alaska, but not otherwise represented in this enumeration. Later, the lichen collections made in Alaska in the summer of 1899 by the botanical faculty of the University of California were sent to me for determination. These collections, chiefly the work of Professor Setchell, numbered 135 specimens, repre- senting 82 species, 4 of which were new to Alaska. The collection of Professor Setchell was also valuable for the new (67) 68 CUMMINGS localities added, most of the specimens having been collected at Cape Nome or St. Michael, where no collecting had been done by the members of the Harriman Expedition. Summing up, we find 84 species new to Alaska recorded in this list. Of these, 6 are reported in Dr. Nylander's list as occurring on the coast of Siberia, 3 are new to America, and 2 are new to science. Reviewing briefly the previous collections made in Alaska, we find that Hooker and Arnott1 enumerate 16 species ; Babing- ton,2 21 species and varieties; Rothrock,3 40 species; Hooper,4 4 species; Rothrock,5 no species and varieties. The material on which this last list is based was collected by Dr. T. H. Bean in 1880, in Alaska and the adjacent region. Knowlton6 adds one species. In 1888 appeared Dr. Nylander's Enumeratio Lichenum Freti Behringii.7 The collection upon which this was based was made by Dr. E. Almquist, who was connected with the Expedition of the Vega. Dr. Almquist collected at three points on the Asiatic coast, St. Lawrence Bay, Konyam Bay, and Bering Island, while only two Alaskan stations were explored, St. Lawrence Island and Port Clarence. Dr. Ny- lander lists 197 species, 4 varieties, and 16 forms, a total of 217, the same number as in the present enumeration. In comparing these lists, however, allowance should be made for the well-known fact that Dr. Nylander was inclined to mul- tiply species, while Professor Tuckerman, whose arrangement I have in the main followed, showed a tendency to group some- what varying forms under one specific name. In 1891, Miss Grace E. Cooley collected in Alaska, the lichens being submitted to me8 for determination. The list numbers 31 species and 1 Hooker and Arnott, in Botany of Beechey's Voyage to the Pacific and Beh- ring's Strait, 133-134. 1841. 2Babington, Churchill, in Botany of the Voyage of H. M. S. Herald by See- man, 47, 49. 1852-1857. * Rothrock, in Flora of Alaska, Smithsonian Report. 1867. 4 Hooper, in Cruise of the Corwin. 1881. 5 Rothrock, in Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 1-9. 1884. 6 Knowlton, in Proceedings of the National Museum. 1886. 7 Nylander, William. Enumeratio Lichenum Freti Behringii, 1-91. 1888. 8Cummings, Clara E., in Cooley, Miss Grace E., Plants Collected in Alaska and Nanaimo, B. C., July and August, 1891. Bull. Torr. Club, vol. xix, 248, 249. 1892. LICHENS 69 varieties. That same year Dr. Charles Willard Hayes, of the U. S. Geological Survey, collected a few lichens in Alaska, which were also submitted to me.1 The list comprises 20 species and varieties. In the Report of the Fur Seal Investigation,2 J. M. Macoun publishes a list of 70 species ; he also publishes a list of 9 species collected by William Palmer and determined by W. J. Calkins.3 In the summer of 1900 Mr. Arthur J. Col- lier, in connection with the work of the U. S. Geological Sur- vey, collected 10 species and varieties, which were submitted to me4 for determination. Kurtz, in his Chilcat Flora,5 men- tions two species, while Professor Farlow6 records 4 from Point Barrow. Professor Tuckerman7 gives various Alaska stations for different species, collected principally by Wright and Kel- logg. Wainio, in his recently published monograph on Cladoniaf gives additional localities for species of this genus. Summing up, we find that before the publication of the present list 386 species and varieties had been enumerated. The present list adds 76 species and varieties new to Alaska, making a total of 462 species and varieties. The lichen flora of Alaska is essentially like that of other northern regions. Constant comparison has been made with the works of Fries,9 Lindsay,10 and Arnold,11 for the distribu- JCummings, Clara E., in An Expedition through the Yukon District, by Charles Willard Hayes; National Geographic Magazine, vol. iv, 160-162. 1892. 1 Macoun, J. M., in Dr. Jordan's Report on the Fur Seals and Fur Seal Islands of the North Pacific, Part 3. 1899. 'Calkins, W. J., in Jordan's Report on the Fur Seals and Fur Seal Islands of the North Pacific, Part 3. 1899. *Cummings, Clara E., in Reconnaisances in the Cape Nome and Norton Bay Regions, Alaska, in 1900, by Alfred H. Brooks, George B. Richardson, Arthur J. Collier and Walter C. Mendenhall, United States Geological Survey, 167. 1901. 5 Kurtz, Die Flora des Chilcatgebietes, Engler's Botanische Jahrbiicher, vol. xix, 431. 1895. * Farlow, William G., in Ray's Report of the International Polar Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska, 192. 1885. 'Tuckerman, Synopsis North American Lichens, vol. i, 1882; vol. II, 1888. 8 Wainio, Monographia Cladoniarum, vol. i, 1887; vol. 11, 1894. 9 Fries, Th. M. Lichenes Arctoi. 1860. 10 Lindsay, W. Lauder. Observations on the Lichens collected by Dr. Robert Brown in West Greenland in 1867. Transactions of the Linncean Society of London, vol. xxvn, 305-368, tab. 48-52. 1871. "Arnold, Dr. F., in Labrador. 1896. Arnold, Dr. F. Lichenologische Fragmente, 35, Newfoundland, Separat- Abdruck aus der ' Oester. botan. Zeitschrift,' Jahrg. 1896, Nr. 4. u. ff. 7o CUMMINGS tion of the species, as well as structural characteristics. One element which has added to the difficulty of determination is the frequency with which different genera and species were found growing together, one small fragment of rock, not more than an inch square, showing often four distinct species, some- times as many genera. The commingling of earth forms, which is so common a characteristic of northern lichens, is also noticeable. I would acknowledge my great indebtedness to Dr. Farlow for the free use of the Tuckerman Herbarium of Lichens, without which I should have found it impossible to do this work, as well as for many other courtesies ; to Dr. Trelease of the Missouri Botanical Garden, and Miss Day of the Gray Her- barium, for assistance in finding the literature of the subject; and to Miss Maude Metcalf, graduate student of Wellesley Col- lege, for her kindness in making the drawings. This paper was presented in part before the Society for Plant Morphology and Physiology at its meeting held at Columbia University December 31, 1901, and January i, 1902. Family VERRUCARIACE^E. PYRENULA. i. Pyrenula gemmata (Ach.) Naeg. & Hepp. Verrucaria gemmata ACHARIUS, Meth. Lich. 120. 1803. Pyrenula gemmata NAEGELI & HEPP, Flecht. Eur. NO. 104. Disenchantment Bay (Trelease, 803$, 821, 842 in part, 1170 in part) . On bark of shrubs, associated with Buellia. New to Alaska. Common in New England, according to Tuckerman, but no other American localities are given in his Synopsis. VERRUCARIA. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Thallus obsolete thelodes. Thallus evident. Thallus yellowish-white, margining the apothecium .fulva, Thallus brownish or blackish. Thallus breaking up into small areolae .fuscella. Apothecia entirely immersed, level with the surface of the thallus mucosa. Apothecia elevated above the surface of the thallus maura. LICHENS 71 2. Verrucaria maura Wahl. Verrucaria maura WAHLENBERG in Acharius, Meth. Lich. 19. 1803. — Sow- ERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 2456. Sitka (Trelease, 958) ; Port Wells, Prince William Sound (Tre- lease, 934). Rothrock reports it from Fort Alexander, in Bristol Bay, and from Cook Inlet ; Nylander, from St. Lawrence Island. 3. Verrucaria mucosa Wahl. Verrucaria mucosa WAHLENBERG in Acharius, Meth. Lich. Suppl. 23. 1803. Orca (Trelease and Saunders, no number, and 303) . New to Alaska. Though new to Alaska, this has been reported from St. Lawrence Bay, Siberia, by Nylander. 4. Verrucaria fuscella (Turn.) Ach. Lichen fuscellus TURNER, Trans. Linn. Soc. 7: go./. 8. fig. 2. 1804. — Sow- ERBY, Eng. Bot. t. ijoo. Verrucaria fuscella ACHARIUS, L. U. 289. 1810. Hot Springs, Baranof Island (Trelease, 959, 960). On rock. New to Alaska. Reported by Tuckerman in Genera Lichenum from only Alabama and Vermont. 5. Verrucaria thelodes Smrft. Verrucaria thelodes SOMMERFELDT, Suppl. 140. Hidden Glacier Inlet, Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 946). On rock. The species is credited to Port Clarence by Nylander. 6. Verrucaria fulva sp. nov. Thallus a small rounded body from .75-1.5 mm. in diameter, either distinct or aggregated in masses which may equal 5 mm. in diame- ter. The thallus is of a creamy color, chinky-areolate, nearly or entirely concealing the embedded apothecium. Gonidia abundant, scattered throughout the medullary layer. Apothecia .2O-.35 mm. in diameter, dark brown, ampithecium yellowish-brown. Paraphy- ses distinct in young specimens, gelatinizing in older ones. Spores muriform-multilocular, brown, f-f^f-f p. Number of spores in ascus unknown. Collected by Prof. William Trelease at Port Wells, June 26, 1899, on rocks (No. 918) and on moss (No. 1175). Type specimen (No. 918) in the Herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden ; a duplicate in my own herbarium. The fact that the walls of the ascus gelatinize so early rendered it impossible to determine the number of spores in an ascus. In no case were mature spores seen within the ascus. 72 CUMMINGS The species would seem to approach nearly V. verrucosa-areolata Nyl., but differs markedly in that the perithecium is entire and brown, while in the species cited it is dimidiate and black. The limits of the genus Verrucaria are very differently placed by different authors. Some, as Th. Fries in Lichenes Arctoi, admit only such species as have simple colorless spores, while other authors, as Professor Tuckerman and Dr. Nylander, recognize great diversity in spore types, from simple to muriform-multilocular. Equally diverse characters are given for the perithecium, which varies from colorless to coal black. While this species hardly has the appearance of the more typical Verrucarias, in view of these admitted variations it seems best to place it here until a thorough revision of these lower forms is made. The following additional species of Verrucaria have been reported from Alaska or adjacent islands : V. Icevata Ach., V. acrotella Ach., V. aurantii Mass., V. sublectissima Nyl., V. chlorotica Ach., V. leptaleoides Nyl., on rock, St. Lawrence Island (Nylander) ; V. fal- lax Nyl., on branches, St. Lawrence and Port Clarence (Nylander) ; V. pyrenophora Ach., V. muralis Ach., forma dolosula Nyl., V. in- tcgra Nyl., V. hymenogonia Nyl., V. obnigrescens Nyl., V. promi- nula Nyl., V. obtenata Nyl., V. exalbida Nyl., V. discedens Nyl., V. thelodes Smrft., on rock, Port Clarence (Nylander) ; V. inter cedens, on argillaceous schistose rocks, Port Clarence (Nylander) and Cape Lisburne (Rothrock) ; V. punctiformis Ach., on branches, Port Clarence (Nylander) ; V. nigrata Nyl., V. pernigrata Nyl., V. bryo- spila Nyl., V. bryophila (Loennr.) Nyl., on mossy earth, Port Clarence (Nylander) ; V. intermedia, no definite locality (Rothrock) ; V. ceuthocarpa Wahl., Fort Alexander, in Bristol Bay (Rothrock). James M. Macoun records Verrucaria sp. ( ?) as occurring on rocks, St. George Island, one of the Pribilof Islands. Tuckerman, in his Genera Lichenum, credits Mr. Wright with having collected V. terres- tris (Th. Fr.) Tuck, on earth, at Bering Strait. Dr. Nylander1 seg- regates the following additional species, based upon material collected by Dr. Bean, which formed the basis of Dr. Rothrock's lists : " V. sub- umbrina Nyl., on rock, Cape Lisburne; V. maurioides (Schaer.) Nyl. and forma conyzoides Nyl., no locality given. 1 Nylander, Dr. William. Enumeratio Lichenum Freti Behringii. 1888. 1 Rothrock, J. T. Lists of and Notes upon the Lichens collected by Dr. T. H. Bean in Alaska and the adjacent region in 1880. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 1884. LICHENS 73 Family SPHJEROPHORIACEJE. SPH^ROPHORON. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Thallus densely csespitose, slightly branched, branches of same size. fragile. Thallus more open, freely branched, terminal branches very fine. coralloides. 7. Sphaerophoron coralloides Pers. Sph&rophoron coralloides PERSOON in Ust. Ann. i: 23. 1794. Alaska (Brewer and Coe, 304) ; Lowe Inlet, British Columbia (Tre- lease, 1277); Sitka (Trelease, 1278); Broughton Strait (Trelease, 1267) ; Juneau, 2000 ft. (Trelease, 1273) ; Yakutat (Trelease, 1289) 5 Wrangell (Brewer and €06,405) ; Orca (Trelease, 1271) ; Point Gus- tavus, Glacier Bay (Brewer and Coe, 781, 782) ; Hall Island (Trelease, 1213, 1282 ; Brewer and Coe, 2060, 2062) ; St. Matthew Island (Tre- lease, 1216); St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 1210, 1275, 1285); St. Michael (Setchell) ; Unalaska (Setchell) ; Cape Nome (Setchell). Dr. Nylander reports its occurrence on earth and moss on St. Law- rence Island ; Dr. Rothrock credits it to Alaska, with no definite station. Under the synonym S. globiferus (L.) DC., it is reported by J. M. Macoun as growing on rock on St. Paul and St. George Islands. Dr. Grace Cooley collected it at Loring, and also at Salmon Creek, near Juneau, and Dr. Bean at Port Mulgrave and on Little Koniuji Island, of the Shumagin group. It seems to be one of the most widely dis- tributed of the Alaska lichens, the material collected by the members of the Harriman Expedition being obtained on the mainland and on islands near the coast from British Columbia to Cape Nome. All the specimens are sterile excepting those from Glacier Bay and St. Michael, which are large and well fruited. Usually the southern forms are more finely divided than those from the northern stations. This species seems to be more abundant and more widely distributed than the following one. 8. Sphaerophoron fragile (Crantz) Pers. Lichen fragilis CRANTZ, Inst. 7. h. x: 78. 1766. Spharophoron fragile PERSOON, Ust. N. Ann. x : 23. 1794. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 2474. Summit of White Pass, 3000 ft. (Trelease, 1284, 1286) ; St. Mat- thew Island (Trelease, 1283); Port Clarence (Trelease, 1280); St. Michael Island (Setchell) ; Cape Nome (Setchell). 74 CUMMINGS Dr. Nylander records it as growing on earth and moss on St. Law- rence Island ; Dr. Rothrock and J. M. Macoun record its occurrence, but give no localities. The specimen from St. Matthew Island is fruited, the others are sterile. The genus Siphula was not found among the Harriman collections, but Siphula dactyliza Nyl. and S. ceratites (Wahl.) Tr. are re- ported by Dr. Nylander as growing on quartz rock on St. Lawrence Island, the latter species also on moss associated with Lecidea subal- linita Nyl. In Tuckerman's Genera Lichenum S. ceratites is cred- ited to Bering Strait (Mr. Wright) , the only American locality given for it. Family ARTHONIACE.E. ARTHONIA. 9. Arthonia punctiformis Ach. Arthonia punctiformis ACHARIUS, L. U. 141. 1810. Sitka (Trelease, 839). New to Alaska. Growing on Alnus oregana. Spores 2-3~4-septate. Thallus not uniform, and thus varying from most of the specimens in the Tucker- man Herbarium. A widely distributed species. Arthonia mediella alnicola Nyl. is reported by Dr. Nylander as having been collected on branches at Port Clarence. Family OPEGRAPHIACE^E. GRAPHIS. 10. Graphis scripta (L.) Ach. Lichen scriptus LINNAEUS, Spec. PI. ed. 2. 2 : 1606. 1764. Graphis scripta ACHARIUS, L. U. 265. 1810. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. t.fSij. Orca (Trelease, 1801). New to Alaska. Growing on the bark of dead coniferous trees. Reported from Newfoundland by Arnold, but I find no record of its occurrence in Greenland. No. 8n, collected at Sitka by Trelease, is evidently a Graph's. Unfortunately the spores are not developed, and therefore it is impos- sible to place it. Apparently it belongs in the section Fissurina, which is characteristically tropical. XYLOGRAPHA. 1 1 . Xylographa opegraphella Nyl. Xylographa opegraphella NYLANDER, Enum. Lich. 128. 1857. Alaska (Trelease, number lost). On dead wood with Lecidea enter oleuca and Placodium ferrugineum. LICHENS 75 Collected at Cook Inlet by Dr. Bean. In addition to the species given above, Dr. Bean collected X. par- allela pallens Nyl. on an island in Cross Sound. OPEGRAPHA. 12. Opegrapha varia Pers. Opegrapha varia PERSOON, Ust. Ann. Bot. 7 : 30. 1794. Port Wells (Trelease, 835 in part) ; Orca (Setchell, 1218). New to Alaska. No. 835 is on the bark of coniferous trees with Biatora cinnabarina and Heterothecium sanguinarium affine. The spores are broader than usual and often 3-septate. Common throughout the United States. Family LECIDIACE^I. BUELLIA. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Thallus yellow. Areoles of the thallus scattered .geographica atrovirens. Areoles of the thallus massed. Hypothallus distinct geographica. Hypothallus not evident .geographica contigua. Thallus never yellow. Spores bilocular. Growing on the earth or dead mosses papillata. Growing on trees or rocks. Thallus smooth, whitish. .parasema. Thallus scurfy, variously colored. Thallus ash-colored myriocarpa. Thallus greenish ash-colored myriocarpa chloropolia. Spores plurilocular or muriform-multilocular. Thallus brownish or blackish .petrcea. Thallus variously colored. Thallus ash-colored, apothecia small petrcea grandis. Thallus violet-colored, apothecia large petrcea montagnai. 13. Buellia geographica (L.) Tuck. Lichen geographicus LINNAEUS, Spec. PI. ed. 2. 2: 1607. 1764. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 243. Buellia geographica TUCKERMAN, Gen. Lich. 190. 1872. Summit of White Pass (Trelease, 951 in part, 95 ia) ; Kadiak (Tre- lease, 899, 900, 902, each in part) ; Hall Island (Trelease, 891*5, 893, each in part) ; St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 999) ; Port Wells (Tre- 76 CUMMINGS lease, 936 in part) ; Port Clarence (Trelease, 890) ; Cape Nome (Setchell) ; St. Michael Island (Setchell). Collected on Alaska Pen- insula by Dr. Bean, and on St. George Island by J. M. Macoun. All the specimens are on rock and are associated with various spe- cies of Parmelia, Lecanora, Pertusaria, and Lecidea. This is one of the most widely distributed of alpine and arctic lichens. Small bits of the sterile thallus were found with several rock specimens which are not listed above. 14. Buellia geographica contigua (Schaer.). Lecidea geographica a contigua SCHAERER, Spicil. 124. 1828. Haenke Island, Disenchantment Bay (Coville and Kearney, 1116) ; Kadiak (Trelease, 897, 898, each in part, 901); Hall Island (Tre- lease, 891, 89 1 a in part). New to Alaska. Associated with species of Pertusaria, Lecanora, and Lecidea. No. 1 1 16 has the thallus more distinctly areolate than any specimen in the Tuckerman Herbarium. 15. Buellia geographica atrovirens (L.)Tuck. Lichen atrovirens LINNAEUS, Spec. PI. ed. 2. a : 1607. 1764. Summit of White Pass, 3000 ft. (Trelease, 888, in part) . New to Alaska. On rock, associated with Lecanora cinerea gibbosa. 16. Buellia petraea Tuck. Lecidea petrcea WULF. in Jacq. Coll. ill, 116. /. 6. f. 2. a. 1789. Buellia petraa TUCKERMAN, Gen. Lich. 190. 1872. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot.£ 246. Broughton Strait (Trelease, 850) ; Plover Bay, Siberia (Trelease, 993) ; St. Michael (Setchell). The specimen from Broughton Strait is on wood, those from Plover Bay and St. Michael on rock. The species has been recorded by Rothrock from St. Paul Island, from Kadiak and Port Clarence, Alaska, and from Plover Bay, Siberia. 17. Buellia petraea grandis (Flk.) Tuck. Lecidea petrcea ft fuscoatra C. grandis FLOERKE, Flora. 620. 1828. Buellia petraa b. grandis TUCKERMAN, Syn. N. A. L. 2: 102. 1888. Alaska, locality lost (Trelease, 968). New to Alaska. Previously reported from Greenland to California and southward. Compares well with the specimen in the Tuckerman Herbarium which was collected in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. LICHENS 77 1 8. Buellia petraea montagnaei (Flot.) Tuck. Lecidea montagncei FLOTOW in Koerb. Syst. 258. 1855. Buellia petr&a c. montagncei TUCKERMAN, Syn. N. A. L. 2: 102. 1888. Hot Springs, Baranof Island (Trelease, 964) ; summit of White Pass, 3000 ft. (Trelease, 952) ; Kadiak (Trelease, 9140 in part, 945 in part, 946) ; Unalaska (Trelease, 923) ; St. Paul Island (Trelease, 931). Specimens were collected at Cook Inlet and Port Clarence by Dr. Bean. Nylander records its occurrence at St. Lawrence Island under the synonym Lecidea gerninata Flot. All the specimens are on rock, No. 9140 being associated with Lecanora cinerea. 19. Buellia myriocarpa (DC.) Mudd. Patellaria myriocarpa DE CANDOLLE, Fl. Franc. 2 : 346. 1805. Buellia myriocarpa MUDD, Man. Brit. Lich. 217. 1861. Port Clarence (Trelease, 939 in part). Associated with Lecanora varia and its variety intricata, and with Parmelia saxatilis omphalodes. Dr. Rothrock and Dr. Nylander report its occurrence at St. Lawrence Bay and Konyam Bay, Siberia; Dr. Rothrock at Port Clarence, Alaska. 20. Buellia myriocarpa chloropolia (Fr.) Th. Fr. Lecidea chloropolia FRIES, S. V. Sc. i: 115. 1846. Buellia myriocarpa chloropolia TH. FRIES, Lich. Scand. 595. 1871. Kadiak (Trelease, 1170 in part). New to Alaska. On dead wood, associated with Theloschistes lychneus. Tucker- man does not recognize this variety, and I find no other American record of it. 21. Buellia papillata (Smrft.) Tuck. Lecidea papillata SOMMERFELDT, Suppl. 154. 1827. Buellia papillata TUCKERMAN, Gen. Lich. 186. 1872. Alaska (Funston, 8) . New to Alaska. The specimen grows on earth. It has been reported from Green- land. Wright collected the variety albo-cincta on the islands of Bering Strait. 22. Buellia parasema (Ach.) Th. Fr. Lecidea parasema ACHARIUS, Meth. Lich. 35. 1803. Buellia parasema TV.. FRIES, Lich. Scand. 589. 1871. Disenchantment Bay (Trelease, 842 in part) ; Yakutat (Trelease, 844 in part) ; Farragut Bay (Trelease, 837) ; Kukak Bay, Alaska Peninsula (Trelease, 836 in part; Kincaid, 8360 in part) ; St. Michael (Setchell). 78 CUMMINGS In addition to the stations mentioned above, it was collected by Dr. Hayes at Prince William Sound and by Dr. Bean at Port Clarence, Alaska, and at Plover Bay, Siberia. On bark and dead wood. Associated with species of Physcia, Le- canora, Placodium, and Pyrenula. 23. Buellia parasema triphragmia (Nyl.) Th. Fr. Lecidea triphragmia NYLANDER, Prod. 141. 1857. Buellia parasema triphragmia TH. FRIES, Lich. Scand. 590. 1871. Orca, 1150 feet (Trelease, 813) , St. Michael (Setchell). New to Alaska. On Alnus. The thallus is exceptionally smooth and not limited by the hypothallus. An examination of numerous specimens shows that the thallus is usually smoother when growing on the bark of living trees than it is on decaying trees or on the earth. Widely distributed ; may occur anywhere. In addition to the species named above, Rothrock records the follow- ing species as having been collected by Dr. Bean : JB. albo-atra (Hoffm. Nyl.) Th. Fr., at Unalaska; B. atro-alba Fr., on St. Paul Island and Unalaska Island and at Plover Bay, Siberia ; B. atro-alba chlorospora Nyl., on Chamisso Island in the Arctic Ocean. The two latter species are given by Tuckerman as synonyms of B. col- ludeus (Nyl.) Tuck. J. M. Macoun collected B. alpicola (Nyl.) Anz. at St. George Island, also a Buellia, species undetermined. Tuckerman records the occurrence of B. parmeliarum (Smrft.) Tuck., parasitic on Cetraria fahlunensis, collected by Wright on islands in Bering Strait. LECIDEA. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Thallus interspersed with reddish tubercles .panceola. Thallus not interspersed with reddish tubercles. Apothecia innate tessellata. Apothecia superficial, or if innate, becoming emergent. Apothecia innate, becoming emergent. Thallus yellowish- white, apothecia medium size contigua. Thallus grayish, apothecia very small nigrocinerea. Apothecia always superficial. Thallus smooth. Thallus thick. Thallus glaucescent alboccerulescens. Thallus orange-red alboccerulescens flavoccerulescens. LICHENS 79 Thallus thin or obsolete. Apothecia small, thallus usually evident platycarpa. Apothecia large, thallus obsolete .platycarpa steriza. Thallus granulate. Surface of the apothecium shining as if polished. melancheima . Surface of the apothecium dull. Thallus ash-colored. Apothecia small enteroleuca. Apothecia large confluens. Thallus yellowish enteroleuca flavida. 24. Lecidea melancheima Tuck. Lecidea melancheima TUCKERMAN, Syn. Lich. N. E. 68. 1848. St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 832 in part). New to Alaska. The specimen is on wood associated with Placodium ferrugineum. Tuckerman reports its occurrence in New England and Colorado. 25. Lecidea enteroleuca Ach. Lecidea enteroleuca ACHARIUS, L. U. 177. 1810. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 1450. Sitka (Trelease, 8250: in part) ; Hot Springs, Baranof Island (Tre- lease, 963); Port Clarence (Trelease, 942) ; St. Michael (Setchell). Both Nylander and Rothrock report this from Port Clarence. Roth- rock also lists it for Sitka, Chamisso Island, and Cape Lisburne, col- lected by Dr. Bean. 26. Lecidea enteroleuca flavida Fr. Lecidea enteroleuca d flavida FRIES, Vet. Akad. Handl. 261. 1824. Sitka (Trelease, 8250: in part). New to Alaska. On wood associated with L. enteroleuca, Placodium, and Xylo- grapha. This differs from the specimens in the Herb. Tuck, in not having limiting hypothallus. Professor Tuckerman records its occurrence in New England, and suggests that it probably occurs throughout the United States and Canada. 27. Lecidea platycarpa Ach. Lecidea platycarpa ACHARIUS, L. U. 1 8 1 o. Alaska (Trelease, 967) ; Hot Springs, Baranof Island (Trelease, 983 in part) ; White Pass, 1250 ft. (Trelease, 965), 1925 ft. (Tre- lease, 955) ; summit of White Pass, 3000 ft. (Trelease, 954) ; Kadiak (Trelease, 897 in part, 902 in part, 914^) ; Port Wells (Trelease, 8O CUMMINGS 905) ; Unalaska (Setchell) ; St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 999 in part) . New to Alaska. On rock associated with various species of Lecanora and Buellia. A widely distributed species. 28. Lecidea platycarpa forma steriza (Ach.). Lecidea confluens steriza ACHARIUS, Meth. Lich. 40. 1803. Orca (Trelease, 912); Kadiak (Trelease, 944). New to Alaska. Reported from Newfoundland and Labrador by Arnold. The locality given by Tuckerman is the White Mountains of New Hamp- shire, no western stations being given. 29. Lecidea albocaerulescens (Wulf.) Schaer. Lichen albo-ccerulescens WULFEN. in Jacq. Coll. 2 : 184. /. 75. /. /. 1788. Lecidea alboccerulescens SCHAERER, Spicil. 142. 1828. Orca, 1000 ft. (Trelease, 906, 9120), 1200 ft. (Trelease, 907) ; Kadiak (Trelease, 910, 9100). Collected in Alaska by Dr. Bean, as recorded by Rothrock ; locality not given. The specimen from Kadiak numbered 910 has apothecia which are almost entirely without the pulverulence which is so characteristic of this species. 30. Lecidea albocaerulescens flavocaerulescens Schaer. Lecidea alboccerulescens b. flavoccerulescens SCHAERER, Spicil. 143. 1828. Summit of White Pass, 3000 ft. (Trelease, 919) ; Kadiak (Tre- lease, 909) ; Unalaska (Setchell) ; Hall Island (Trelease, 908) ; Cape Nome (Setchell); St. Michael (Setchell). Collected by Dr. Bean on Alaska Peninsula, as recorded by Rothrock. 31. Lecidea confluens (Web.) Ach. Lichen confluens WEBER, Spicil. 180 /. 2 (excl. syn.). 1778. Lecidea confluens ACHARIUS, Meth. Lich. 40. 1803. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 1964. St. Michael (Setchell). New to Alaska. On rock. Professor Tuckerman gives as known localities on this continent, Arctic America and Greenland. 32. Lecidea contigua Fr. Lecidea contigua FRIES, L. E. 208. 1831. Kadiak (Trelease, 896 in part, 898 in part, 9130:, 914, 915) ; Hall Island (Trelease, 891 a in part, 891*$ in part, 903). Nylander records it for the three Asiatic stations in his Bering Sea list, while Rothrock adds three other Alaskan stations : Unalaska, LICHENS 8l Alaska Peninsula and Chamisso Island, Eschscholtz Bay, the material having been collected by Dr. Bean. Tuckerman's records are New York and New England. The specimens are variously associated with Lecanora atrosulphurea and Buellia geographica. 33. Lecidea nigrocinerea Nyl. Lecidea nigrocinerea NYLANDER, Lich. Pyreno-Orient. 25. in notula. 1891. Port Wells (Trelease, 936 in part). New to Alaska. Tuckerman makes no record of its occurrence in North America. Though this species is new to Alaska, Nylander lists it for Law- rence Bay, Konyam Bay, and St. Lawrence Island, Siberia. 34. Lecidea panaeola Ach. Lecidea panceola ACHARIUS, L. U. 201. 1810. Summit of White Pass, 3000 ft. (Trelease, 950) ; Cape Nome (Set- chell); St. Michael (Setchell). Also collected by Dr. Bean at Un- alaska. 35. Lecidea tessellata Flk. Lecidea tessellata FLOERKE, D. Lich. 64. 1821. St. Michael (Setchell). New to Alaska. On rock. Previously reported in America from New England, Greenland, Rocky Mts., California, and other localities. OTHER ALASKA SPECIES. In addition to the species given above, Tuckerman records the occur- rence of Lecidea enteroleuca muscorum Koerb., L. arctica Sommerf., L. assimilata Nyl., all collected by Wright at Bering Strait; the last species is credited to St. Lawrence Island and Port Clarence by Nylander. Rothrock records the following species as having been collected by Dr. Bean, no definite locality being given: L. contigua speirea (Ach.) Nyl., L. enteroleuca latypea (Ach.) Nyl., L. fus- coatra Fr. Nylander records fifty-two additional species divided into thirteen groups. Many of these sections would be variously distributed among different genera by other writers, but in this list I shall retain the arrangement made by Nylander. With the exception of L. sub- duplex Nyl., which was collected on rock at Port Clarence, all the members of the first group grow on wood, moss, or on the earth. These species might be placed in the genus Biatora. Nine were collected at Port Clarence only, namely : L. albohyalina Nyl., L. meiocarpa Nyl., L. internectens Nyl., L. insperabilis Nyl., L. denotata Nyl., L. sabuletorum Flk., L. syncomista Flk., L. meiobola Nyl., L. tri- Qlicans Nyl. ; seven were found only on St. Lawrence Island, namely : 82 CUMMINGS Z. epiphcea Nyl., Z. ramulosa Fr., L. atrorufa Ach., Z. sanguine- oatra (Fr.) Nyl., L. pallidella Nyl., Z. ternaria Nyl., Z. subal- linita Nyl., while Z. tornoensis Nyl. was collected at both localities. In the second group are two species collected at Port Clarence on the earth or on moss : Z. muscorum(S\v.*) Nyl. and Z. subfuscula Nyl. In the third group only two species are represented, one, L.fecunda Fr. fil., collected on earth and moss at Port Clarence, the other, Z. pezi- zoidea Ach., found in similar habitats both on St. Lawrence Island and at Port Clarence. The fourth group is also represented by two species — Z. limosa Ach. and Z. dovrensis Nyl., the former on earth, the latter on rock, at Port Clarence. In the fifth group are the follow- ing species : Z. subnegans Nyl., Z. Candida Ach., Z. parasema, forma euphora Flk., and Z. incongrua Nyl. The sixth group in- cludes : Z. tenebrosa forma subsparsa Nyl., Z. laurentiana Nyl. Z. brachyspora Fr., growing on rock on St. Lawrence Island ; Z. con- tigua forma meiospora Nyl. and Z. crustulata (Ach.) Nyl., on rock, collected at Port Clarence. Of the seventh group there is only one representative — Z. disciformis forma insignis Naeg. There are three representatives of the eighth group : L.jemtlandica (Fr. fil.) , on earth, St. Lawrence Island ; Z. atroalbens Nyl., on rock, St. Lawrence Island; and Z. chionea Norm., on rock, Port Clarence. In the ninth group the following species are included : Z. confervoides (DC.) Nyl., Z. atroccesia Nyl., Z. geminata Flot., Z. excentrica Ach., the first three on rock on St. Lawrence Island, the last one on rock at Port Clarence. The tenth group is represented by Z. alpicola Schaer., growing on rock on St. Lawrence Island. The eleventh group con- tains one species — Z. rhexoblephara Nyl., which was found on earth on St. Lawrence Island. In the twelfth group are Z. sanguinaria Ach., growing on the earth on St. Lawrence Island, and Z. affim's Schaer., growing on the earth on St. Lawrence Island and at Port Clar- ence. The thirteenth group is represented by Z. paraphanella Nyl., on rock from St. Lawrence Island. The following species are given in the body of the text, but not arranged In the foregoing groups : L. as- sociata Fr. fil., Z. hypopodia forma subassimilata Nyl., growing on the earth on St. Lawrence Island, and Z. scabrosa Ach., growing on the earth at Port Clarence. In addition to the list based upon the specimens collected by Dr. Almquist, Nylander revises Rothrock's * list with the following changes : Z. spilota Fr. = Z. plana Lahm. ; Buellia petrcea = Lecidea geminata Flot.; Z. enteroleucodes Nyl. 1 Rothrock, Dr. J. T. List of, and Notes upon, the Lichens collected by Dr. T. H. Bean in Alaska in 1880. Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum. 1884. LICHENS 83 is classed as Buellia parasema by Rothrock. One new species is described — Lecidea alaskensis Nyl., based upon material collected by Dr. Bean and forwarded to Nylander by Willey. Macoun indicates that two species of Lecidea were collected on rocks on St. George Island, but no specific names are given. HETEROTHECIUM. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Hypothecium red sanguinarium. Hypothecium colorless sanguinarium affine. 36. Heterothecium sanguinarium (L.) Flot. Lichen sanguinarius LINNAEUS, Sp. PL ed. 2.2: 1607. 1764. Heterothecium sanguinarium FLOTOW in Bot. Zeit. 1850. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. /jj. Vancouver Island, Broughton Strait (Trelease, 807) ; Yakutat (Trelease, 840, 843) ; White Pass, 1300 ft. (Trelease, 834) ; Virgin Bay (Trelease, 847) ; Port Wells (Trelease, 835*5 in part) ; Unalaska (Setchell). In addition to the stations mentioned above it was col- lected by Wright on the islands of Bering Strait ; by Dr. Cooley at Juneau and at Sheep Cove, near Juneau ; and by Dr. Bean at Esch- scholtz Bay, Yakutat Bay, and Cook Inlet. On the bark of various trees. In this species there is usually only a single spore in an ascus. Tuckerman says : ** The lichen is now bisporous in Europe." The measurements given for a single spore are f^ff (*•• No. 840 from Yakutat and the specimen from Broughton Strait are bisporous, with spore measurements 4 5~^ fj.. 37. Heterothecium sanguinarium affine (Schaer.) Flot. Lecidea affinis SCHAERER, Enum. 132. 1850. Heterothecium sanguinarium affine FLOTOW in Bot. Zeit. 1850. Orca (Trelease, 841, 848); Virgin Bay (Trelease, 1119). New to Alaska. On the bark of coniferous trees. While the forma affine is new to Alaska, the species was collected on the islands of Bering Strait by Wright. In addition to the species given above, Tuckerman notes that If. pezizoideum (Ach.) Flot. was collected by Wright on mosses on the islands of Bering Strait. BIATORA. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Apothecia scarlet cinnabarina. Apothecia variously colored. Apothecia lemon-yellow lucida. 84 CUMMINGS Apothecia brick-colored, brown or blackening. Spores simple. Apothecia difform and conglomerate .granulosa. Apothecia not difform and conglomerate. Thallus white apoch rceiza , Thallus grayish-green viridescens. Spores compound. Spores i— 2-locular vernalis. Spores 4~9-locular hypnophila. 38. Biatora hypnophila (Turn.) Tuck. Lecidea hypnophila TURNER in Ach. L. U. 199. 1810. Biatora hypnophila TUCKERMAN, Syn. N. A. L. a: 35. 1882. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 2217. Yakutat (Trelease, 830) ; St. Michael (Setchell) ; Unalaska (Setchell). New to Alaska. On bark of living trees (Trelease) ; on earth (Setchell). The thallus of the specimen on bark is not granulate and the apothecia are somewhat larger than most of those in the Tuckerman Herbarium. The spores are usually bilocular. The range of this plant is from Greenland to Florida. 39. Biatora lucida (Ach.) Fr. Lichen lucidus ACHARIUS, Lich. Suec. Pr. 39. 1798. Biatora lucida FRIES, L. E. 279. 1831. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 1550. White Pass (Trelease, 973). New to Alaska. Growing on earth. Previously reported from Arctic America. 40. Biatora vernalis (L.) Fr. Lichen vernalis LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat. 3 : 234. 1767. Biatora vertialis FRIES, L. E. 260. 1831. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 845. Disenchantment Bay (Trelease, 803 c) ; Orca, 1105 ft. (Trelease, 813). Reported by Ny lander from Port Clarence under synonym of Lecidea vernalis (L.). The specimen from Disenchantment Bay is on the bark of dead shrubs. The thallus is almost obsolete and the apothecia are smaller and more regular than in the specimens on moss. The thallus seems entirely obsolete in the specimen from Orca. This species has been reported from Greenland. 41. Biatora cinnabarma (Smrft.) Fr. Lecidea cinnabarina SOMMERFELDT, Vet. Ak. Handl. 115. 1821. Biatora cinnabarina FRIES, Lich. Arct. 191. 1860. Summit of White Pass, 3000 ft. (Trelease, 833) ; Port Wells (Trelease, 8350;). New to Alaska. LICHENS 85 The specimen from Port Wells is only a fragment on the bark of a coniferous tree associated with Opegrapha and Heterothecium. The species has been reported from Labrador and Greenland, but not from the western coast. 42. Biatora viridescens (Schrad.) Fr. Lichen viridescens SCHRADER in Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2 : 1361. 1791. Biatora viridescens FRIES, Act. Acad. Sc. Stockh. 268. 1822. Farragut Bay (Trelease, number lost) . New to Alaska. On bark of trees and shrubs. Apothecia smaller and more regular, thallus smoother and not so well developed as in the specimens on dead wood in the Tuckerman Herbarium. A widely distributed species. 43. Biatora granulosa (Ehrnb.) Mass. Lichen granulosus EHRENBERG, Crypt. N. 145. 1785. fiiaforagranu/osaMASSALOXGO, Ric. 124. 1852. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. //5j. St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 852). New to Alaska. On dead wood. The apothecia are rather smaller and more nu- merous and the thallus less developed than in the specimens in the Tuckerman Herbarium. Previously reported from Arctic America, Canada, New England, Rocky Mts., Oregon, and other localities. 44. Biatora apochrceiza (Nyl.). Lecidea apochrmza NYLANDER, Flora 443. 1885. Hall Island (Trelease, 8630;; Coville and Kearney, 2o6c). Growing over mosses. Reported from St. Lawrence Island by Nylander. A specimen numbered 822, collected on dead wood at Sitka, may possibly be referred to Biatora varians. The spores are immature and the determination is therefore uncertain. ADDITIONAL ALASKA SPECIES. The following species of Biatora have been reported from Alaska which do not occur in the Harriman collection : B, cuprea (Som- merf.) Fr. and B. artyla (Ach.) Tuck., collected by Wright on the Islands of Bering Strait; B. laureri (Hepp.) Tuck., collected in Alaska by Hall ; B. milliaria Fr., Shumagin group of islands, and B. sanguineo-atra Fr., on logs at old Sitka, collected by Dr. Bean; and B. sphceroides (Dicks.) Tuck., collected by Wright on the islands of Bering Sea, and, under the synonym Lecidea sphceroides, reported by Nylander from Port Clarence. 86 CUMMINGS B^OMYCES. 45. Baeomyces aeruginosus (Scop.) DC. Lichen ceruginosus SCOPOLI, Fl. Carn. ed. I. 1760. BcEomyces ceruginosus DE CANDOLLE, Fl. Fran9. 2, 353. 1805. Orca (Trelease, 828, 1006, 101612) ; Sitka (Trelease, 1015) ; Hot Springs, Baranof Island (Trelease, 1080) ; Fraser Reach (Trelease, 1013) ; Farragut Bay (Trelease, 1014) ; Port Wells (Trelease, 1079). Collected by Dr. Bean at Sitka and Port Althorp ; by Dr. Cooley at Loring and at Salmon Creek, near Juneau ; by Dr. Hayes on Prince William Sound ; and by Hall at Sitka. Under the synonym B. icma- dophilus (Ehrh.) Nyl., Nylander reports its occurrence at Port Clarence, and Rothrock at Sitka and Port Althorp. Family CLADONIACEJE. THAMNOLIA. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Thallus very slender, prostrate vermicularis subuliformis. Thallus swollen, more erect vermicularis taurica. 46. Thamnolia vermicularis subuliformis Schaer. Thamnolia vermicularis subuliformis SCHAERER, Enum. 243. 1850. Metlakatla (Trelease, 1218) ; St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 1212) ; Unalaska (Setchell) ; Cape Nome (Setchell). New to Alaska. The specimen from St. Lawrence Island is very lax and long. With the other specimen is this note : " Floating masses in ponds." 47. Thamnolia vermicularis taurica Schaer. Thamnolia vermicularis taurica SCHAERER, Enum. 243. 1850. Agattu Island (Townsend, 77); Hall Island (Trelease, 1228; Brewer and Coe, 673) ; St. Matthew Island (Trelease, no number) ; St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 1232). New to Alaska. Nylander records the occurrence of the species at St. Lawrence Island and Port Clarence. In his synopsis he does not recognize either variety, both being given as synonyms of the species itself. It is probable that both varieties were represented. As I have followed Tuckerman in separating the varieties, this makes the first Alaskan record of the distinct varieties. CLADONIA. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Apothecia scarlet. Cups of the podetia large and evident. Cups cupulaeform and erect deformis. LICHENS 87 Cups dilated and cyathiform. Podetia smooth or squamulose. coccifera. Podetia powdery above coccifera pleurota. Cups of the podetia small or obsolete. Podetia without squamules. Podetia powdery above macilenta. Podetia not powdery above bellidiflora hooker i. Podetia with squamules. Podetia scarcely branched bellidiflora. Podetia freely branched. Squamules on the podetia few, thin, appressed. bellidiflora coccocephala. Squamules on the podetia numerous, thick, spreading. bellidijlora ramulosa. Apothecia never scarlet. Apothecia pale flesh-colored or reddish. Podetia unbranched carneola . Podetia branched. Dichotomously branched uncialis. Irregularly branched amaurocrcea. . Apothecia brown. Thallus sulphur-colored or straw-colored. Thallus densely thyrsoid entangled atyestris. Thallus open, not densely thyrsoid entangled. sylvatica syhestris. Thallus grayish-green or brownish. Podetia club-shaped. Bearing squamules. Podetia not subulate. Branches not proliferous , squamosa. Branches proliferous from the margin crispata. Podetia subulate. Epidermis granulate squamosa muricella. Epidermis smooth .furcata racemosa. Without squamules. Podetia cancellate-carious cariosa corticata. Podetia not cancellate-carious. Thallus irregularly branched .furcata palamcea. Thallus dichotomously or trichotomously branched. rangiferina. Podetia not club-shaped. 88 CUMMINGS Bearing squamules. Podetia powdery .Jimbriata simplex. Podetia not powdery. Cups proliferous. From the center verticillata. From the margin. Podetia smooth gracilis dilatata . Podetia granulate-furfuraceous degenerans. Cups not proliferous .pyxidata. Without squamules. Podetia short pyxidata. Podetia elongated. Podetia powdery cornuta . Podetia smooth. Podetia very slender, subulate .gracilis chordalis. Podetia not so slender, often ventricose. gracilis elongata. 48. Cladonia macilenta Hoffm. Cladonia macilenta HOFFMANN, Deutschl. Fl. 126. 1795. Wrangell (Trelease, 1318). Collected at Loring by Dr. Cooley. Wainio, in his Monographia Cladoniarum, reports its occurrence on Vancouver Island. 49. Cladonia deformis (L.) Hoffm. Lichen deformis LINN/EUS, Spec. PI. 2 : 1152. 1753. Cladonia deformis HOFFMANN, Deutschl. Fl. 120. 1795. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 1394- Alaska (Evans, 504) ; Wrangell (Trelease, 1290 ; Coville and Kear- ney, 412); White Pass (Trelease, 13320;); St. Michael (Turner, 852); Keystone Pass (Tibetts). Babington and Rothrock report its occurrence at Kotzebue Sound, while Nylander credits it to Port Clarence. No. 412 from Wrangell is large and well fruited, the others are sterile or have only immature apothecia. 50. Cladonia bellidiflora (Ach.) Schaer. Lichen (Scyphophorus) bellidiflorus ACHARIUS, Meth. Lich. 335. 1803. Cladonia bellidiflora SCHAERER, Lich. Helv. Spic. 21. 1823. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. t. 1894. Alaska (Evans, 39, 193, 399, 502) ; Eraser Reach, Princess Royal Island, B. C. (Trelease, 1314; Brewer and Coe, 300); Wrangell (Brewer & Coe, 413); New Metlakatla (Trelease, 1317); Yakutat LICHENS 89 (Trelease, 1324) ; Vancouver Island, Broughton Strait (Trelease, 1315); Sitka (Trelease, 1321, 1322, 1355); Hot Springs, Baranof Island (Trelease, 1319, 13190;); White Pass (Trelease, 1325); sum- mit of White Pass, 3000 ft. (Trelease, 6260;) ; Orca (Trelease, 1323; Setchell, 1220) ; Port Wells (Trelease, 1326) ; Virgin Bay (Trelease, 1327) ; Attu Island (Townsend, 72) ; St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 2117) ; St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 1329) ; Cape Nome (Setchell). In addition to the localities given above, Nylander reports its occur- rence on St. Lawrence Island, Macoun states that it is common on St. George and St. Paul Islands, while Wainio credits it to St. Paul Island and to Sitka. One of the most widely distributed of all the lichens of this collec- tion. It varies greatly in size and in the development of the squamules. Usually the plants are abundantly fruited. 51. Cladonia bellidiflora coccocephala (Ach.) Wainio. Cenomyce coccocephala ACHARIUS, L. U. 540. 1810. Cladonia bellidiflora coccocephala WAINIO, Monographia Cladoniarum 224. 1887. Juneau 1 800 ft. (Saunders, 1331); White Pass (Trelease, 13250); Virgin Bay (Trelease, 1312, 1328). Under the synonym C. bellidi- flora f. gradient**, Nylander reports its occurrence on St. Lawrence Island. 52. Cladonia bellidiflora hookeri (Tuck.) Nyl. Cladonia hookeri TUCKERMAN, Syn. Lich. N. E. 55. 1848. Cladonia bellidiflora hookeri NYLANDER, Syn. 221. 1860. Broughton Strait (Trelease, 1316); Wrangell (Trelease, 1318 in part) ; Hot Springs (Trelease, 1320 in part). Wainio reports its occurrence at Sitka and St. Paul Island. The specimens from Wrangell and Hot Springs are mixed with the species. 53. Cladonia bellidiflora ramulosa Wainio. Cladonia bellidiflora ramulosa WAINIO, Monographia Cladoniarum, i : 210. 1887. Hall Island (Trelease, 1330, 1335) ; St. Lawrence Island (Tre- lease, 1333); Cape Nome (Setchell). New to Alaska and to America. The specimens agree with the descriptions of this variety excepting that the podetia are very scaly, while the variety is described as lack- ing scales, or somewhat scaly. go CUMMINGS 54. Cladonia coccifera (L.) Willd. Lichen cocciferus LINNAEUS, Spec. PL 2 : 1151. 1753. Cladonia coccifera WILLDENOW, Fl. Berol. 361. 1787. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 2031. Alaska (Funston, 3) ; Broughton Strait (Trelease, 1336) ; Wrangell (Trelease, 1337); Sitka (Trelease, 1343); White Pass (Trelease, 1332) ; summit of White Pass, 3000 ft. (Trelease, 626, 13320, 1332$) ; Point Gustavus, Glacier Bay (Coville and Kearney, 769) ; Popof Island (Kincaid, no number) ; Hall Island (Coville and Kear- ney, 2065); St. Paul Island (Trelease, 1342, 13420); St. Matthew Island (Coville and Kearney, 2123) ; Port Clarence (Trelease, 1345) ; St. Michael (Setchell) ; Cape Nome (Setchell). Under the synonym C. cornucopioides (L.) Fr., Babington records its occurrence at Kotzebue Sound and makes this note: "Very fine, fertile." Under the same name Nylander credits it to St. Lawrence Island and Port Clarence, Rothrock to Port Althrop (Dr. Bean, collector), while Macoun states that it is common on St. Paul and St. George Islands. Very variable, many of the specimens sterile or with immature fruit. The specimen from Point Gustavus is infected with a small black fungus. 55. Cladonia coccifera pleurota (Floerk.) Schaer. Capitularia pleurota FLOERKE, Beschr. Rothfr. Becherfl. 218. 1808. Cladonia coccifera pleurota SCHAERER, Lich. Helv. Spic. 25. 1823. Virgin Bay (Trelease, 1346, sterile). Seward Peninsula (Collier). In Nylander's list the species is credited to St. Lawrence Island and Port Clarence. 56. Cladonia uncialis (L.) Web. Lichen uncialis LINNAEUS, Spec. PI. 1153. 1753. Cladonia uncialis WEBBER in Wiggers, Prim. Fl. Hols. 90. 1780, pr. p. — SOW- ERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 1247. Sitka (Trelease, 1243) ; Unalaska (Setchell) ; St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 1250) ; Port Clarence (Trelease, 1255; Cole, no number) ; Reindeer Station, Port Clarence (James L. White) ; St. Michael (Setchell); Cape Nome (Setchell); Seward Peninsula (Collier). In addition to these stations, Babington credits it to Kotzebue Sound and Rothrock records its occurrence at Sitka and Kotzebue Sound. Under the synonym Cenomyce uncialis Ach., Hooker and Arnott in- clude it in their list of species from Kotzebue Sound, while Nylander credits it to Port Clarence as Cladonia uncialis (Hoffm.). A widely distributed northern lichen. Most of the specimens are the form recognized by Tuckerman as var. adunca. Wainio, in his LICHENS pi Monographia Cladoniarum, gives forty-five different varietal names which have been applied to different forms of this protean lichen, and therefore he seems wise in excluding all these varieties. 57. Cladonia amaurocraea (Floerk.) Schaer. Capitttlaria amaurocrcea FLOERKE, Beschr. Braunfr. Becherfl. 334. 1810. Cladonia amaurocr&a SCHAERER, Spicil. 34. 1823. St. Michael Island (Turner, 843 ; Setchell) ; St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 1230); Fort Cosmos (Huff, no number); Cape Nome (Setchell). Also found at Port Clarence, according to Nylander. A subalpine and arctic lichen. 58. Cladonia carneola Fr. Cladonia carneola FRIES, Lich. Eur. 233 (a). 1831. Sitka (Trelease, 1344). New to Alaska. Other North American stations are Greenland, Oregon, and Wash- ington. 59. Cladonia alpestris (L.) Rabenh. Lichen rangiferinus alpestris LINN^US, Spec. PI. 1153. 1753. Cladonia alpestris RABENHORST, Clad. Eur. u. 1860. — DILL. Hist. Muse. /. 16. f. 29. Summit of White Pass, 3000 ft. (Trelease, 1244); Orca (Coville and Kearney, 1203; Trelease, 1246); Virgin Bay (Saunders, 1248; Coville and Kearney, 1224) ; Columbia Fiord, Prince William Sound (Coville and Kearney, 1402) ; Kadiak (Trelease, 1239) ; Hall Island (Coville and Kearney, 2061) ; St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 1256) ; St. Michael Island (Turner, 844; Setchell); St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 1249, 1251, 1258; Coville and Kearney, 2009; Cole, no number); Port Clarence (Trelease, 1253) ; Cape Nome (Setchell); Seward Peninsula (Collier). Under the synonym Cladonia rangi- ferina alpestris, Nylander records its occurrence on St. Lawrence Island, while Macoun states that it is common on St. George Island. This is a common alpine and arctic form, and shows great variation in the delicacy and fineness of the thallus. This is one of the finest collections of this species that I have ever seen. 60. Cladonia sylvatica sylvestris Oed. Cladonia sylvatica sylvestris OEDER in Fl. Dan. 3: 4. /. jjp. 1770. Alaska (Funston, no number; Townsend, 57#) ; New Metlakatla (Trelease, 1241); Juneau (Trelease, 1259) ; Sitka (Trelease, 1242; Coville and Kearney, 88 1 in part) ; summit of White Pass, 3000 ft. (Brewer and Coe, 625) ; Port Wells (Trelease, 1245) ; Orca (Trelease, 92 CUMMINGS 1262); Virgin Bay (Trelease, 1247, 1260); Sturgeon River Bay, Kadiak Island (Trelease, 1240); Akun Island (Townsend, no num- ber) ; Attu Island (Townsend, 73) ; Atka Island (Townsend, 90) ; Hall Island (Trelease, 1252 in part); Pastoliak River (Newhall) ; Seward Peninsula (Collier). Nylander records C. sylvatica (Hoffm.) as occurring at Port Clarence, and C. rangiferina sylvatica on St. Lawrence Island. Under the synonym C. rangiferina var. sylvatica, Macoun records its occurrence on St. George Island, Rothrock cred- its it to ' all Russian America,' while Dr. Cooley collected it at Sal- mon and Sheep Creeks, near Juneau. All the specimens are sterile. Associated with this species are mosses and various other lichens growing in inextricable confusion. 61. Cladonia rangiferina (L.) Web. Lichen rangiferinus LINNAEUS, Spec. PI. 2 : 1153. pr. p. 1753. Cladonia rangiferina (L.) WEBBER in Wiggers, Prim. Fl. Hols. 90. n. 994, pr. p. 1780. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 224.9. Alaska (Evans, 389) ; Wrangell (Coville and Kearney, 406) ; White Pass (Trelease, 1264) ; Orca (Trelease, 1263) ; Hall Island (Coville and Kearney, 2063 in part) ; St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 1238 in part) ; Fort Cosmos (Huff, c) ; St. Michael (Setchell) ; Cape Nome (Set- chell) . Reported by Nylander from Port Clarence and from St. Law- rence Island; by Macoun as common on St. Paul and St. George Islands ; by Dr. Cooley from Salmon Creek and Sheep Creek, near Juneau ; by Rothrock from * all Russian America ' ; collected also on St. Paul Island by William Palmer and determined by W. W. Calkins. Under the synonym Cenomyce rangiferina Hooker and Arnott report its occurrence at Kotzebue Sound. Some of the specimens are mixed with other species of Cladonia^ Thamnolia, and Cetraria. The specimens vary greatly, some being very delicate and finely branched, while others are coarse and not so profusely branched. 62. Cladonia furcata racemosa (Hoffm.) Floerk. Cladonia racemosa HOFFMANN, Deutschl. Fl. 2: 144. 1795. Cladonia furcata racemosa FLOERKE, Clad. Comm. 152. 1828. Alaska (Evans, 195). Also collected by Macoun on St. Paul Island and St. George Island. 63. Cladonia furcata palamaea (Ach.) Nyl. Bceomyces spinosus b. palamaus ACHARIUS, Meth. Lich. 359. 1803. Cladonia furcata palamaa NYLANDER, Lich. Scand. 56. 1861. — DILL. Hist. Muse. t. 16. f. 25, 27. Orca (Trelease, 1261); Sturgeon River Bay, Kadiak Island (Tre- LICHENS 93 lease, 1225); St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 1223). Macoun col- lected it on the earth on St. Paul Island and on St. George Island. Hooper figures it in Cruise of the Corwin, plates 1-2. 64. Cladonia crispata (Ach.) Plot. Cenomyce allotropa C. crispata ACHARIUS, Meth. Lich. 341. 1803. Cladonia crispata FLOTOW, Merkw. Hirschb. 4. 1839. Wrangell (Trelease, 1288) ; Virgin Bay (Trelease, 1293). Credited to Port Clarence in Nylander's list. Specimens very finely divided. 65. Cladonia squamosa (Scop.) Hoffm. Lichen squamosus ScoPOLl, Fl. Cam. ed. 2. 2: 368. 1772. Cladonia squamosa HOFFMANN, Deutschl. Fl. 2: 125. 1795. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 2362. Alaska (Evans, 29). Reported by Nylander as occurring at Port Clarence, by Rothrock at Sitka, and by Dr. Cooley at Sheep Creek, near Juneau. Plants fertile. 66. Cladonia squamosa muricella (Del.) Wainio. Cenomyce squamosa muricella DEL. in Dub. Bot. Gall. 626. 1830. Cladonia squamosa B. muricella WAINIO, Mono. Clad, i: 431. 1887. New Metlakatla, Annette Island (Coville and Kearney, 368^) ; Sitka (Trelease, 1056) ; Cape Nome (Set chell). New to Alaska. Wainio reports its occurrence on Vancouver Island. 67. Cladonia cornuta (L.) Schaer. Lichen comutus LINNAEUS, Spec. PI. 1152. n. 63. pr. p. 1753. Cladonia cornuta SCHAERER, Lich. Helv. Spic. 373. 1836. — HORNEM. Fl. Dan. 13 : /. 2210. Alaska (Funston, 10). Credited to Sitka by Wainio. Lyell and Macoun had collected this species in British Columbia, and it has been collected from the Asiatic side of Bering Strait. 68. Cladonia verticillata Hoffm. Cladonia verticillata HOFFMANN, Deutschl. Fl. a: 122. 1795. Port Clarence (Trelease, no number). New to Alaska. A very diminutive specimen likewise collected at Port Clarence may be referred here. 69. Cladonia gracilis elongata (Jacq.) Floerk. Lichen elongatus JACQ. Misc. 378. 1781. Cladonia gracilis elongata FLOERKE, Clad. Comm. 38. 1828. — JACQ. Misc. a. /. ii. f. i. Summit of White Pass, 3000 ft. (Trelease, 1234); St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 1229) ; St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 12300, 1231, 94 CUMMINGS 1233); Port Clarence (Trelease, 1222, 1227, 1235); Cape Nome (Setchell); St. Michael (Setchell) ; Seward Peninsula (Collier). Nylander credits it to St. Lawrence Island and Port Clarence, while Macoun states that it is rare on St. Paul Island. Wainio gives as ad- ditional stations, Sitka and Kotzebue Sound. Kurtz and Knowlton credit it to Alaska as Cladonia gracilis elongata macroceras. 70. Cladonia gracilis chordalis (Floerk.) Schaer. Capitularia gracilis B. chordalis FLOERKE, Beschr. Braunfr. Becherfl. 324, 1810, in part. Cladonia gracilis chordalis SCHAERER, Lich. Helv. Spic. 32. 1823. — Sow- ERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 2260. Juneau (Coville and Kearney, 600; Saunders, 1220); Wrangell (Trelease, 1291, 1292); summit of White Pass, 3000 ft. (Trelease, 1219, 1287); Port Wells (Trelease, 1226); Unalaska (Setchell); Hall Island (Trelease, 1221) ; St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 1224) ; Keystone Pass (Tibbett). Collected also on St. Lawrence Island, according to Nylander. 71. Cladonia gracilis dilatata (Hoffm.) Wainio. Cladonia dilatata HOFFMANN, Deutschl. Fl. 126. 1795. Cladonia gracilis dilatata WAINIO, Monog. Clad. * : 87. 1894. — DILL. Hist. Muse. /. 14. fig. 13 A. Glacier Cascade (Canby, 509). Reported from Kotzebue Sound by Babington as Cladonia gracilis B. hybrida. 72. Cladonia degenerans (Floerk.) Spreng. Bceomyces degenerans FLOERKE in Berl. Magaz. 283. 1807. Cladonia degenerans SPRENGEL, Linn. Syst. Veg. 4 : 273. 1827. Alaska (Evans, 503 ; Funston, 1 1 ) ; New Metlakatla (Coville and Kearney, 368^); Wrangell (Trelease, 1254; Coville and Kearney, 429) ; Juneau, 1800 ft. (Saunders) ; Hot Springs (Trelease, 1353) ; Yakutat (Trelease, 1351) ; St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 1359) ; St. Michael (Setchell) ; Cape Nome (Setchell). On earth, St. Paul Island, collected by Macoun ; and under the synonym Cladonia degenerans f. trachyna (Ach.) Nylander records its occurrence at Port Clarence. The specimen from St. Lawrence Island is smaller and less branched than most of the others. It most closely resembles a specimen from Labrador in the Tuckerman Herbarium. 73. Cladonia fimbriata simplex (Weis) Flot. Lichen fimbriatus c. simplex WEIS, PI. Crypt. 84. 1770. — DILL. Hist. Muse. /. 14. fig. 6 A. Cladonia fimbriata simplex FLOT. Locks of the Columbia River, Oregon (Coville and Kearney, 253) ; New Metlakatla (Trelease, 1352) ; Sitka (Trelease, 1309) ; Point LICHENS 95 Gustavus, Glacier Bay (Coville and Kearney, 786, 7860:) ; Hidden Glacier, Russell Fiord (Coville and Kearney, 966) ; Yakutat (Brewer and Coe, 645^ — a fragment) ; Farragut Bay (Trelease, 1306 ; Brewer and Coe, 623^). It appears in Dr. Cooley's list under the synonym Cladonia Jimbriata b. tubceformts^ collected at Sheep Creek, near Juneau. Cladonia Jimbriata is one of the most variable of the Cladonias. Wainio, in his Monographia Cladoniarum Universalis, recognizes thirty-one varieties and forms of this species. Though new to Alaska, it has been collected in California by Bolander. 74. Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Fr. Lichen pyxidatus LINNAEUS, Spec. PI. 2 : 1151. pr. p. 1753. Cladonia pyxidata FRIES, Nov. Sched. Crit. 21. 1826. Alaska (Evans, 67; Funston, 61 ; Trelease, 1313); New Metla- katla (Coville and Kearney, 368) ; Juneau (Trelease, 1331 a, 1338) ; Egg Island, Disenchantment Bay (Coville and Kearney, 1019) ; Hid- den Glacier Inlet (Trelease, 1347) ; Point Gustavus, Glacier Bay (Trelease, 787); Yakutat (Trelease, 1348, 1349, 1350; Saunders, 1 152) ; Indian Camp, Yakutat Bay (Brewer and Coe, 6450;) ; Unalaska (Setchell) ; Hall Island (Trelease, 1341); St. Paul Island (Coville and Kearney, 1822) ; St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 1340) ; Port Clarence (Trelease, 1360) ; Plover Bay, Siberia (Trelease, 1339) ; St. Michael (Setchell). Additional localities: Dr. Bean collected this species on Chamisso Island, at Elephant Point, Eschscholtz Bay ; and on Alaska Peninsula, according to Rothrock, who reports its occur- rence at Kotzebue Sound; Macoun collected it on St. Paul and St. George Islands. 75. Cladonia cariosa corticata Wainio. Cladonia cariosa y corticata WAINIO, Monog. Clad. Univ. 2 : 53. 1894. Alaska (Funston, 55). New to Alaska. ADDITIONAL SPECIES. The following species, arranged according to Wainio's Monogra- phia Cladoniarum, have been reported from Alaska : C. papittaria (Ehrh.) Hoffm., collected on St. Paul Island by William Palmer, determined by W. W. Calkins; C. digitata Schaer., collected at Sitka by Dr. Bean; C. coccifera stemmatina Ach., credited to Sitka by Wainio ; C. reticulata (Russell) Wainio, reported by Nylander under the synonym Cladina lacunosa as occurring on St. Lawrence 96 CUMMINGS Island; C. furcata (Huds.), collected on St. Paul Island by William Palmer, determined by W. W. Calkins; C. rangiformis Hoffm., reported for Kotzebue Sound by Hooker and Arnott, under synonym Cenomyce pungens Del. ; C. crispata f. divulsa (Del.) Arn., re- corded by Nylander for Port Clarence under the synonym C. crispata f. cetrariczformis Del. ; C. subsquamosa Nyl. (Emend.), recorded by Nylander as occurring at Port Clarence ; C. cenotea (Ach.) Schaer., reported by Nylander as occurring at Port Clarence, and by Rothrock as having been collected by Dr. Bean on an island in Cross Sound, while forms were brought from Cook Inlet and Sitka which are doubt- fully referred here; C. mitrula Tuck., collected at Juneau by Dr. Cooley; C. decorticata (Floerke) Spreng., collected by Macoun on St. Paul Island; C. acuminata (Ach.) Norrl., reported by Nylander as having been collected at Port Clarence; C. gracilis (L.) Willd., reported by Rothrock1 for Sitka and Kotzebue Sound, figured by Hooper* (pi. 1-2), and recorded for Kotzebue Sound by Hooker and Arnott under the synonym Cenomyce ecmocyna Ach. ; C. gracilescens (Floerk.) Wainio, reported by Nylander, under the synonym Cladina lepidiota (Ach.) Nyl., as having been collected on St. Lawrence Island; C. pyxidata pocillum (Ach.) Flot., collected on the islands of Bering Strait by Wright, reported from Port Clarence by Nylander, who also separates a form as f . cervina which is included by Wainio under the var. pocillum; C.fimbriata (L.) Fr., collected by William Palmer on St. Paul Island, determined by W. W. Calkins, also col- lected at Loring by Dr. Cooley, by whom a doubtful form was col- lected at Sheep Creek, near Juneau; C.Jimbriata radiata (Schreb.) Coem., reported by Hooker and Arnott for Kotzebue Sound under the name Cenomyce radiata Ach. ; C. foliacea alcicornis (Lightf.) Schaer., collected by Macoun under damp, overhanging rocks on St. Paul Island, and recorded as C. alcicornis; and C. cyanipes (Som- merf.) Wainio, reported by Nylander as collected at Port Clarence. PILOPHORUS. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Podetia short, stout, apothecia elongated cereolus hallii. Podetia more elongated, apothecia rounded cereolus acicularis. 76. Pilophorus cereolus hallii Tuck. Pilophorus cereolus hallii TUCKERMAN, Obs. Lich. 4: 177. 1877. Orca, 1500 ft. (Trelease, 1305). New to Alaska. 1 Rothrock, Dr. J. T. Flora of Alaska, Smithsonian Report, 1867. 2 Hooper, Cruise of the Convin, 1881. LICHENS 97 The only specimen in the Tuckerman Herbarium is from the Cascade Mountains in Oregon. This specimen is much more delicate, being not more than two-thirds as long as the Alaska plants, while the apothecia are about half as thick. 77, Pilophorus cereolus acicularis (Ach.) Tuck. Baomyces acicularis ACHARIUS, Meth. Lich. 328. 1803. Pilophorus cereolus acicularis TUCKERMAN, Suppl. L. 427. 1858-9. Broughton Strait (Trelease, 1302); Sitka (Trelease, 1303; Set- chell, 1265); Mount Verstovia, Sitka (Coville and Kearney, 929) ; Juneau (Coville and Kearney, 584; Setchell, 1245) ; Orca (Trelease, 1304; Setchell, 1222). Reported by Rothrock1 as occurring in Russian America; collected by Dr. Bean at Sawmill Creek, Sitka; by Dr. Cooley at Juneau, 3000 ft. alt., and at Salmon Creek and Gold Creek Canyon, near Juneau. One additional variety of this genus has been reported from Alaska, P. cereolus robustus Tuck., which was collected by Wright on the islands of Bering Strait; Macoun collected it "under overhanging rocks " on St. Paul Island. Nylander records its occurrence at Port Clarence, under the synonym Pilophoron polycarpum Tuck. STEREOCAULON. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Thallus dwarfed. Tomentose, phyllocladia wart-like tomentosum alpinum. Not tomentose, phyllocladia confluent denudatum. Thallus of good size. Slightly tomentose, apothecia subterminal, dilated paschale. Densely white tomentose, apothecia lateral, minute, not dilated. tomentosum. 78. Stereocaulon denudatum Flk. Stereocaulon denudatum FLOERKE, Deutsch. Lich. Anmerk. 4 : 13. 1821. — TUCKERMAN, Syn. N. A. L. x : 233. Unalaska (Setchell) ; St. Michael (Setchell). Dr. Nylander records this species as occurring at Lawrence Bay, on the Siberian coast. According to Professor Tuckerman it has been collected in Alaska by Dr. Kellogg. Common in Greenland and Scandinavia. Reported also from Newfoundland. Pennsylvania is the most southern station given in Tuckerman's North American Lichens. Rothrock, Dr. J. T. Flora of 'Alaska. Smithsonian Report. 1807. 98 CUMMINGS 79. Stereocaulon tomentosum Fr. Stereocaulon tomentosum FRIES, Sched. Crit. 20. 1826. Juneau, 1200-1800 ft. (Saunders, 1274 ; Coville and Kearney, 609) ; Muir Glacier, Glacier Bay (Trelease, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301); Hidden Glacier Inlet, Yakutat (Trelease, 1294); Disenchantment Bay, Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 1296, 1297); Nunatak moraine, Yaku- tat Bay (Coville and Kearney, 1295); Point Gustavus, Glacier Bay (Coville and Kearney, 761) ; Hidden Glacier, Russell Fiord (Coville and Kearney, 981) ; Orca (Trelease, 1269) ; Kadiak (Trelease, 1311) ; Hall Island (Trelease, 1267); St. Matthew Island (Coville and Kearney, 2121); Port Clarence (Trelease, 1266); Postoliak River (Newhall). Other Alaskan localities are : Port Clarence, as listed by Nylander ; Kotzebue Sound, recorded by Babington ; while Dr. Cooley collected it at Sheep Creek, near Juneau, and at Davidson Glacier. 80. Stereocaulon tomentosum alpinum (Laur.) Th. Fr. Stereocaulon alpinum LAURER in Fries, L. E. 204. 1821. Stereocaulon tomentosum alpinum TH. FRIES, Lich. Scand. 48. 1871-74.— SCHEUCHZ. It. Alp. 2. /. 19. Alaska (Evans, 196; Funston, 16 ; Turner); locality lost (Tre- lease, 6112); Muir Glacier, Glacier Bay (Trelease, 1307, 12980); summit of White Pass, 3000 ft. (Trelease, 1270); Disenchantment Bay, Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 1310); Kadiak (Trelease, 1279); St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 1268). The species was collected on the islands in Bering Strait by Wright and reported from St. Lawrence Island in Nylander, Lich. Fr. Behr. Many of the specimens are beautifully fruited. A widely distributed alpine and arctic lichen, and in some of its forms only with difficulty separated from S. paschale. 81. Stereocaulon paschale (L.) Ach. Lichen paschalis LINNAEUS, Sp. PI. ed. 2. 2: 1621. 1764. Stereocaulon paschale ACHARIUS, Meth. Lich. 315. 1803. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 282. Hidden Glacier, Russell Fiord (Coville and Kearney) ; Muir Glacier, Glacier Bay (Trelease, 1300); Orca (Trelease, 1272); St. Michael (Setchell) ; Cape Nome (Setchell). Reported by Hooker and Arnott as having been collected at Kotzebue Sound. Dr. Rothrock, in his report on Dr. Bean's collection, writes: "Common and everywhere met." Sterile, poorly developed specimens. LICHENS 99 Two additional species have been credited to Alaska : 6". coralloides Fr., collected on St. Paul Island by William Palmer, determined by W. W. Calkins, and vS. wrightii Tuck., collected by Wright on the islands of Bering Strait. Family LECANORIACEJB. PERTUSARIA. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Plants growing on the earth, incrusting mosses, etc. Lobes of the thallus finger-shaped, apothecia solitary dactylina. Lobes of the thallus flat, apothecia crowded .glomerata. Plants growing on bark or on rocks. Apothecia underneath the bark, becoming emergent. ..carneopallida. Apothecia external. Apothecia compound, difform. Apothecia and spores medium to large size communis. Apothecia and spores small pustulata, Apothecia not compound. Thallus thin, not sorediate, apothecia soon powdery. multipuncta. Thallus irregularly thickened, often sorediate, apothecia not powdery .pocillaria. 82. Pertusaria glomerata (Ach.) Schaer. Porina glomerata ACHARIUS, L. U. 310. /. /./ 2, 1810. Pertusaria glomerata SCHAERER, Spicil. 66. 1823. Hall Island (Trelease, 863) ; Port Clarence (Trelease, 864). The specimens which grow over mosses are well fruited. A specimen which Rothrock lists was collected at Port Mulgrave. Wright collected it on the islands of Bering Strait, while Nylander records it for Konyam Bay and Bering Island, on the Asiatic side of the Strait, and Dr. Bean collected it at Port Mulgrave. It has been collected on the White Mountains, but I find no record for Labrador, Newfoundland, or Greenland. 83. Pertusaria pustulata (Ach.) Nyl. Porina pustulata ACHARIUS, L. U. 309. 1810. Pertusaria pustulata NYLANDER, Prodr. Gall. 195. 1857. Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 819); Farragut Bay (Trelease, 523). New to Alaska. The most northern station recorded in North America is Oregon, IOO CUMMINGS where it was collected by Hall ; its most southern record is Florida. It occurs also in tropical America, Japan, and Australia. 84. Pertusaria communis DC. Lichen pertiisa HOFFMANN, Enum. 16. /. 3. f. 3. Pertusaria communis DE CANDOLLE, Fl. Fr. 2 : 320. 1805. Kadiak (Trelease, 897 and 900 in part, 917, 947, 948, 981) ; St. Michael (Setchell). On rocks associated with various species of Lecanora, Lecidea, and Buellia. As listed by Rothrock it occurs also at Port Clarence, Cape Lisburne, and Port Althorp. 85. Pertusaria carneo-pallida (Nyl.) Nyl. Lecidea carneo-pallida NYLANDER in Bot. Notis. 183. /. 853. 1853. Pertusaria carneo-pallida NYLANDER, Lich. Fr. Behr. 65. 1888. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 2010. Disenchantment Bay, Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 802, 803, 820). On bark. Reported from Port Clarence by Nylander. A lichen which is common in Scandinavia and other European countries, but whose only other American station is Port Clarence, as noted above. 86. Pertusaria dactylina (Ach.) Nyl. Lichen dactylinus ACHARIUS, Prod. 89. 1798. Pertusaria dactylina NYLANDER, Lapp. Or. 240. 1867. Alaska (Trelease, 921). Sterile, on the earth. Reported by Nylander from Port Clarence ; by Rothrock from Alaska Peninsula, collected by Dr. Bean ; and by Tuckerman from the islands of Bering Strait, where it was also col- lected by Wright. A strictly alpine and arctic species. 87. Pertusaria multipuncta (Turn.) Nyl. Variolaria multipuncta TURNER, Trans. Linn. Soc. g : 137. 1808. Pertusaria multipuncta NYLANDER, Not Sallsk. F. 1857. Yakutat (Trelease, 804) ; Sitka (Trelease, 812). New to Alaska. On bark. No. 812 is sterile, but is without doubt referable here. Common throughout the United States. In addition to the species of Pertusaria given above, several sterile specimens were collected. One of them may probably be referred to — 88. Pertusaria rhodocarpa Koerb. Pertusaria rhodocarpa KOERBER, Syst. Lich. Ger. 384. 1855. Farragut Bay (Trelease, 806). Another may well be referred to — LICHENS IOI 89. Pertusaria communis isidioidea Schaer. Port Wells, Prince William Sound (Trelease, 969). On moss. No. So (Trelease, Sitka) is on the bark of shrubs. The whitish thallus is very smooth. Immature apothecia are present with a lecanorine disk of a yellowish color. No. 827 (Trelease, Sitka) is on dead wood. The thallus is very smooth and thin, scarcely evident, of a light pink color. The imma- ture apothecia are single, with a lecanorine disk, the disk being flesh- colored, with a lighter margin. 90. Pertusaria pocillaria sp. nov. Thallus rather thin, creamy white, verrucose, sorediate. Apothecia lecanorine, small, .5 mm. in diameter. Spores colorless, simple, 2-8 in an ascus, f-fzf-f /*• Paraphyses slender, branched. Type specimen in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, and a duplicate in my own herbarium ; collected by Prof. William Trelease on Alnus at Farragut Bay, June 5, 1899, NO. 8o6a. The species approaches Pertusaria xanthostoma (Sommerf.) Fr., but differs in the distinctly smaller spores. The measurement given for the spores of P. xanthostoma is ffz|| /*• In many cases the hymenial layer of the apothecium has fallen out, leaving the exciple as an empty cup, a fact which has suggested the specific name chosen. Undoubtedly this fact has an ecological signifi- cance in the distribution of the spores, as M. Miyoshi1 has recorded for Sagedia macrospora. The following additional species of the genus Pertusaria are cred- ited to Alaska : P. bryontha (Ach.) Nyl., collected by Wright on the islands of Bering Strait, by Dr. Bean on Unalaska Island, and re- ported by Nylander as collected at Port Clarence, by Dr. Almquist ; P. panyrga (Ach.) Nyl., collected by Macoun on rocks on St. Paul Island and reported by Nylander as having been collected at Port Clarence; P. velata (Turn.) Nyl., collected by Dr. Bean at Warm Springs, Sitka; P. trochiscea Norm., P. subobducens Nyl., P. sub- dactylina Nyl., P. sommerfeldtii (Flk.) Nyl., all collected by Dr. Almquist at Port Clarence ; P. subplicans Nyl. , P. glomerata cor- niculata Nyl., and /*. rhodoleuca Fr. fil., collected on St. Lawrence Island by Dr. Almquist, determined by Nylander. In his correction 1 Miyoshi, M. Ueber die Sporocarpenevacuation und darauf erfolgendes Sporenausstreuen bei einer Flechte. The Journal of the College of Science Imperial University, Tokyo, Japan. 15* : 367-370. /. 18. 1901. IO2 CUMMINGS of Dr. Rothrock's list of the species collected by Dr. Bean, Nylander states that under the name P. communis DC. rock forms of P. rhodo~ leuca Fr. fil. are included. RINODINA. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Thallus incrusting mosses turfacea. Thallus on wood or rock. Thallus brown, hypothallus conspicuous sophodes atrocinerea. Thallus white, hypothallus inconspicuous sophodes confragosa. 91. Rinodina sophodes confragosa (Ach.) Tuck. Parmelia confragosa ACHARIUS, Meth. Lich. Suppl. 33. 1803. Rinodina sophodes confragosa TUCKERMAN, Syn. N. A. L. 208. 1882. Farragut Bay (Trelease, 826). On old boards. According to Roth- rock, Dr. Bean collected this species in Alaska, but no definite locality is given. Tuckerman, Syn. N. A. L. 208, indicated the Pacific Coast as the habitat of this species in this country ; I can find no other records of it. 92. Rinodina sophodes atrocinerea (Diks.) Nyl. Lichen atrocinereus DIKSON, Crypt. Brit. 14. /. 9. f. 2. 1785-1801. Rinodina sophodes b. atrocinerea NYLANDER, Lich. Par. N. 43. 1855. — Sow- ERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 2096. Plover Bay, Siberia (Trelease, 992) . On rock. New to the Alaskan region. 93. Rinodina turfacea (Wahl.) Th. Fr. Lichen turfaceus WAHLENBERG, Fl. Lapp. 408. 1812. Rinodina turfacea TH. FRIES, Lich. Arct. 126. 1860. St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 866 in part) ; St. Michael (Setchell). The specimen from St. Michael grew on moss with Biatora hypno- phila and Placodium jungermannice. Collected by Wright on the islands of Bering Strait, and recorded by Rothrock as occurring in Dr. Bean's collection, but with no definite locality. Nylander records it under the synonym Lecanora turfacea as collected at Port Clarence. Reported also from British Columbia, Greenland, and Labrador. Additional Alaskan species of Rinodina are as follows : R. nim- bosa (Fr.) Th. Fr. and R. sophodes (Ach.) Nyl., collected by Dr. Bean, no definite locality being recorded, R. sophodes being listed also by Nylander for Port Clarence ; R. turfacea roscida Th. Fr. and JR. turfacea miniarea Nyl., collected by Wright on islands in Bering Strait. LICHENS IO3 LECANORA. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Thallus lobed, subfoliaceous. Thallus having brown radiately chinked warts .gelida. Thallus not having brown radiately chinked warts. Thallus crustaceous-foliaceous muralis. Thallus monophyllous, of many round-lobed, branch-like divisions. Disk of apothecia olivaceous or black rubina opaca. Disk of apothecia yellowish or red. Thallus black beneath, margin of apothecia reflexed.. r#3z'«a. Thallus white beneath, margin of apothecia not reflexed. straminea. Thallus nearly uniform. Apothecia innate, becoming emergent. Spores many, very small privigna revertens. Spores few, medium size. Thallus incrusting mosses occulata. Thallus on rocks. Thallus subtartareous, areolae smooth cinerea. Thallus tartareous, areola? prominent cinerea gibbosa. Apothecia superficial. Spores medium size. Disk of apothecium black or greenish-black. Disk greenish-black. Apothecia small, margin entire, reflexed.. varia intricata. Apothecia larger, crenate, not reflexed atrosulphurea. Disk of apothecium shining black. Margin of apothecium dark gray subfusca coilocarpa. Margin of apothecium shining white. Apothecia more or less pruinose, margin crenulate. pacifica. Apothecia not pruinose, margin entire atra. Disk of apothecia never black. Apothecia buff-colored. Thallus cream-colored, disk of apothecia white pruinose. pallida. Thallus pale-greenish or yellowish, apothecia not pruinose. •oaria. Apothecia reddish-brown. Thallus smooth, thin, whitish. Apothecia very small and crowded hageni. 104 CUMMINGS Apothecia medium size. Disk of apothecium shining brown. subfusca argentata. Disk of apothecium pruinose .................... pacifica. Thallus not smooth, dirty white or yellowish. Margin of apothecia reflexed .............. varia symmicta. Margin of apothecia not reflexed. Thallus of rounded, turgid warts ........... .frustulosa. Thallus contiguous, clunky. Apothecia rather small, margin entire ..... subfusca. Apothecia medium size, margin flexuose and cren- ate ............................... .subfusca allophana. Spores very large. Thallus chinky or plicate ................................. .pallescens. Thallus not chinky, either tartareous, granulate, or nodulose. Lobes of the thallus short ................................ tartarea. Lobes of the thallus elongated. Thallus finely divided ........................ tartar ea frigida. Thallus coarsely divided .................. tartarea pterulina. 94. Lecanora privigna revertens Tuck. Lecanora privigna revertens TUCKERMAN, Syn. N. A. L. i : 204. 1882. Kadiak (Trelease, 900 in part) . New to Alaska. With Buellia gcographica, Lecanora varia intricata, and Per- tusaria communts. This variety has been collected in California by Bolander. 95. Lecanora cinerea (L.) Smrft. Lichen cinereus LINNAEUS, Mant. 132. 1767. Lecanora cinerea SOMMERFELDT, Suppl. Lapp. 99. 1826. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. Summit of White Pass, 3000 ft. (Trelease, 951 in part); Kadiak (Trelease, 945) ; Port Clarence (Trelease, 941). All on rock. Col- lected by Dr. Bean at Port Clarence, Icy Cape, and Cape Lisburne. The specimen from White Pass, which is mixed with Buellia geo- graphica, differs from themore common form, in that the thallus is not continuous, but broken into areoles. The specimen from Port Clarence has the apothecia urceolate, and sometimes white pruinose. Interspersed in the thallus are reddish-gray, granulose warts. This is a very variable and widely distributed species, which has been classified under several generic names. Common in Greenland and in alpine and arctic regions. LICHENS IO5 96. Lecanora cinerea gibbosa (Ach.) Tuck. Urceolaria gibbosa ACHARIUS, Meth. Lich. 144. 1803. Lecanora cinerea gibbosa NYLANDER, Lich. Scand. 154. 1861. — TUCKERMAN, Syn. N. A. L. i : 198. 1882. Summit of White Pass, 3000 ft. (Trelease, 888, 851 in part); Kadiak (Trelease, 894, 895) ; Muir Glacier, Glacier Bay (Trelease, 887) ; Cape Nome (Setchell). Buettia gcographica and its variety atrovirens are with the specimens from White Pass. Rothrock lists this variety as collected by Dr. Bean, but gives no locality. Nylander records its occurrence at Konyam Bay, on the Siberian coast of Bering Strait. 97. Lecanora occulata (Diks.) Ach. Lichen occulatus DIKSON, PL Cr. Br. 2 : 17. /. 5. f. j. 1785-1801. Lecanora occulata ACHARIUS, Syn. 148. 1814. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. fSjj. Kadiak (Trelease, 1217); Unalaska (Setchell) ; Cape Nome (Set- chell) ; Hall Island (Trelease, 1204) ; St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 1020) . Growing over mosses and other lichens. Reported by Macoun from St. Paul Island ; by Tuckerman as collected by Wright on the islands of Bering Strait ; and by Nylander, under the synonym Per- tusaria occulata, from St. Lawrence Island. A widely distributed northern lichen. 98. Lecanora tartarea (L.) Ach. Lichen tartareus LINNJEUS, Sp. PL a: 1141. 1753. Lecanora tartarea ACHARIUS, L. U. 371. 1810. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. /j<5. Alaska (Dr. Kellogg, no number) ; summit of White Pass, 3000 ft. (Trelease, 1137); Unalaska (Trelease, 975 ; Setchell); Hall Is- land (Trelease, 862) ; St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 867, 868, 972) ; St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 1019) ; Cape Nome (Setchell). Most of the specimens are sterile. Macoun reports it as "common and variable " on St. George and St. Paul Islands. Rothrock adds Cape Lisburne, Unalaska, and the Shumagin group of islands as localities where it was collected by Dr. Bean. The species, with its varieties, is one of the most abundant of the northern lichens, and was formerly of considerable commercial value in the coloration of fabrics and the manufacture of litmus. 99. Lecanora tartarea frigida (L. fil.) Sw. Lichen frigidus LINNJEUS FIL. in SWARTZ, Meth. Muse. 1781. Lecanora tartarea frigida SWARTZ, Meth. Muse. /. /. /. 4. 1781. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 1879. Kadiak (Trelease, 871) ; Hall Island (Coville and Kearney, 2066) ; St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 1018). The specimen from St. Law- IO6 CUMMINGS rence Island is well fruited, the others are sterile. The variety has been reported from St. Paul Island by Macoun and from Port Clarence by Nylander ; and under the synonym Parmelia tartarea frigida it is recorded by Babington as collected at Kotzebue Sound. 100. Lecanora tartarea pterulina Nyl. Lecanora tartarea pterulina, NYLANDER, Lich. Fr. Behr. 44. 1888. Kadiak (Trelease, 870) ; Hall Island (Trelease, 869, 1017 ; Coville and Kearney, 2064) ; St. Matthew Island (Brewer and Coe, 678). The specimens are very fine. The one from Kadiak was growing on dead herbaceous spermatophytes. The material examined by Ny- lander was collected on St. Lawrence Island. Dr. Lindsay, in his Observations upon West Greenland Lichens, gives an interesting account of the variation of L. tartarea as exhibited by the Greenland specimens. 101. Lecanora pallescens (L.) Schaer. Lichen pallescens LINN^US, 'Sp. PL 2: 1142. 1753. Lecanora pallescens SCHAERER, Enum. 78. 1850. — HOFFM. Plant. Lich. /. 21. f. 2 a, b. Broughton Strait, Vancouver Island (Trelease, 85 1 ) . On dead wood. The other Alaskan records are Sheep Creek (Dr. Cooley) ; Chuga- chik Bay, Cook Inlet (Rothrock) ; and Port Clarence (Nylander). 102. Lecanora varia (Ehrh.) Ach. Lichen varius EHRHART, Plant. Crypt. Dec. 7: n. 68. 1785. Lecanora varia ACHARIUS, L. U. 377. 1810. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 1666. Chichagof Bay (Palache, 925) ; Sitka (Trelease, 810, 8220) ; Kadiak (Trelease, 899 in part) ; Port Clarence (Trelease, 890 in part, 939 in part) ; Whale Island, St. Michael (Setchell). Specimens are on bark of Alnus oregona, on dead wood and on rock. Mixed with this spe- cies are Buellia geographica, 13 . myriocarpa, Lecanora atrosulphu- rea, and Parmelia saxatilis omphalodes. New to Alaska. Though new to Alaska, it has been reported by Rothrock from Plover Bay, Siberia, collected by Dr. Bean. 103. Lecanora varia intricata (Ach.) Nyl. Lecanora intricata ACHARIUS, L. U. 380. 1810. Lecanora varia intricata NYLANDER, Lich. Scand. 164. 1861. Kadiak (Trelease, 900 in part) ; Port Clarence (Trelease, 939 in part, 940). Mixed with Buellia geographica, B. myriocarpa, Le- canora varia and L. privigna revertens, Pertusaria communis, and. Parmelia saxatilis omphalodes. New to Alaska. Reported from Konyam Bay by Nylander. An alpine and arctic species. LICHENS IO7 104. Lecanora varia symmicta Ach. Lecanora varia symmicta ACHARIUS, L. U. 379. 1810. St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 1 156 in part). On dead wood, with Parmelia saxatilis omphalodes. New to Alaska. Lecanora varia, with its varieties, is a widely distributed species, and it is therefore rather surprising that three new Alaskan records should be made for this species and its varieties in this collection. 105. Lecanora atrosulphurea (Wahl.) Ach. Lichen atrosulphureus WAHLENBERG, Fl. Lapp. 471. 1812. Lecanora atrosulphurea ACHARIUS, Syn. 149. 1814. Kadiak (Trelease, 891 a, 896, 897, 898, 899 in part) ; Plover Bay, Siberia (Trelease, 994). The specimens are all on rock. Those from Kadiak are mixed with various species of Lecanora, Pcrtusaria^ Buettia, and Lecidea. Nylander records it as occurring on St. Law- rence Island. It has been collected in Arctic America and Greenland. 1 06. Lecanora pacifica Tuck. Lecanora pacifica TUCKERMAN, Syn. N. A. L. i : 191. 1882. Port Wells (Trelease, 828). On bark. New to Alaska. It has been reported from Oregon and California. 107. Lecanora atra (Huds.) Ach. Lichen ater HUDSON, Fl. Angl. ed. 2. 530. 1798. Lecanora atra ACHARIUS, Syn. 146 a. 1814. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 949. Alaska (Funston, 250) ; Port Wells (Trelease, 9350). The speci- men from Port Wells is too old for satisfactory determination, but seems better placed here than elsewhere. Rothrock's locality is Cape Lisburne. In Nylander's list it is given as occurring at Konyam Bay and Bering Island on the Siberian side of Bering Strait. 1 08. Lecanora hageni Ach. Lecanora hageni ACHARIUS, L. U. 367. 1810. — HAG. Hist. Lich. i. /. j. Muir Glacier (Trelease, 933). On rock. The species has been reported from Port Clarence in Nylander's list, and from Cape Lis- burne by Rothrock. It is found also in Greenland, the Rocky MtsM and California. 109. Lecanora subfusca (L.) Ach. Lichen subfuscus LINNAEUS, Spec. PI. ed. 2. 2: 1609. 1764. Lecanora subfusca ACHARIUS, L. U. 393. 1810. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. t. 930, 2109. Yakutat (Trelease, 817, 844 in part, 928) ; Kukak Bay (Kincaid, 8360 in part). On bark and rock. No. 844 is with Buellia para- IO8 CUMMINGS sema, and 8360 with Buettia parasema, Placodium cerimim, etc. The localities that Rothrock gives are Cook Inlet, Unalaska, and Port Clarence. Nylander reports its occurrence on Bering Island, on the Asiatic side of Bering Strait. no. Lecanora subfusca allophana Ach. Lecanora subfusca allophana ACHARIUS, L. U. 395. 1810. Mouth of Sturgeon River, Kadiak Island (Trelease, 857 in part) ; St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 854) ; Cape Fox (Trelease, 855) ; St. Michael (Setchell). New to Alaska. All except the specimen from St. Michael growing on dead wood, and all well fruited. Theloschistes lychneus pygmceus is with No. 857. Reported from Greenland, and common throughout the United States. in. Lecanora subfusca argentata Ach. Lecanora subfusca argentata ACHARIUS, L. U. 393. 1810. Cape Fox (Trelease, 856). On dead wood. New to Alaska. The most northern record for this variety. 112. Lecanora subfusca coilocarpa Ach. Lecanora subfusca coilocarpa ACHARIUS, L. U. 393. 1810. Muir Glacier, Glacier Bay (Trelease, 814, on Salix) ; Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound (Trelease, 978, on rock with Placodium murorum) . New to Alaska. I find no record for Greenland, but reference is made to it in Dr. Arnold's list of Newfoundland lichens. 113. Lecanora frustulosa (Diks.) Ach. Lichen frustulosus DIK.SON, Crypt. Brit. 3: 13. /. 8. f. I, 1785-1801. Lecanora frustulosa ACHARIUS, L. U. 405. 1810. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 2273. Kadiak (Trelease, 911, 943) ; St. Michael (Setchell). No spores are developed, and therefore the determination is not absolutely certain. It compares well with authentic specimens in the Tuckerman Her- barium. It has been found in Greenland. A specimen collected by Dr. Hayes at Taku seems to belong here. 114. Lecanora pallida (Schreb.) Schaer. Lichen pallidus SCHREBER, Spicil. 155. 1771. Lecanora pallida SCHAERER, Enum. 78. 1850. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 2154. Orca (Trelease, 808). On bark. New to Alaska, though reported from Arctic America by Richardson. LICHENS 115. Lecanora straminea (Wahl.) Ach. Parmelia straminea WAHLENBERG in Ach. Meth. Suppl. 47. 1803. Lecanora straminea ACHARIUS, L. U. 432. 1810. — WAHL. Fl. Lapp. /. 28. f. i. 1812. Kadiak (Trelease, 902 in part) ; Unalaska (Setchell) ; St. Paul Island (Trelease, 883, 888, 1136); St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 88 1 ) . The specimen from Kadiak is mixed with Buellia geographica, Lecidca platycarpa, and Parmelia stygia. Nylander reports it from St. Lawrence Island. 116. Lecanora muralis (Schreb.) Tuck. Lichen muralis SCHREBER, Spicil. 130. 1771. Lecanora muralis TUCKERMAN, Syn. N. A. L. i : 184. 1882. — HOFFM. Enum. 64. /. 9. / /. Alaska (Funston, 20). Rothrock reports that it is " apparently very common in Alaska," and gives the following definite localities where Dr. Bean collected specimens : cliffs on St. Matthew Island, St. Paul Island ; Sitka ; and Unalaska. 117. Lecanora rubina (Vill.) Ach. Lichen rubinus VILLARS, Dauph. 3: 977. 1789. Lecanora rubina ACHARIUS, L. U. 412. 1810. — HOFFM. PI. Lich. /. 32, f. /. Alaska (Trelease, 1140 in part; Funston, 25); Hot Springs, Bar- anof Island (Trelease, 961); St. Paul Island (Trelease, 882, 884); Cape Fox (Trelease, 1142). No. 1140 is mixed with fragments of Physcia ccesia and Theloschistes lychneus. New to Alaska. Reported from Arctic America by Richardson, and from Green- land. 1 1 8. Lecanora rubina opaca (Ach.) Tuck. Lecanora chrysoleuca ft opaca ACHARIUS, L. U. 411. 1810. Lecanora rubina opaca TUCKERMAN, Syn. N. A. L. i : 183. 1882. St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 926) ; Bering Island ; Plover Bay, Siberia (Trelease, 994 in part). New to Alaska. Both specimens are on rock. The one from Bering Island is mixed with Theloschistes lychneus pygmaus. This variety has been col- lected in the Rocky Mts. and in California. 119. Lecanora gelida (L.) Ach. Lichen gelidus LINNAEUS, Suec. Prod. 74. Lecanora gelida ACHARIUS, L. U. 428. 1810. Muir Glacier (Trelease, 986, 987, 9870, 987*$, 987*:, 9870?, 987*, 989) ; Hidden Glacier Inlet, Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 924) ; Port Wells (Trelease, 979) ; Port Clarence (Trelease, no number) ; Cape 110 CUMMINGS Fox (Trelease, 997, 998). This species has been reported from Greenland and British Columbia. In Alaska it has been discovered on Chernofski Island, Unalaska, and Belkofski, Alaska Peninsula, by Dr. Bean. ADDITIONAL SPECIES. The following species were collected by Dr. Almquist and determined by Nylander : Lecanorafuscolutea (Diks.) Nyl., L. ccesiorufa (Ach.) Nyl., on earth and moss only; L. contractula Nyl., L. subradiosa Nyl., L. atrynea Ach., L. atrynea forma cenisia Ach., L. epiglypta Norl., L. subradians Nyl., L. lacustris (With.) Nyl., L. fuscata (Schrad.) Nyl., on rock only; L. lobulata (Sommerf.) Nyl. and L. crenata Nyl., on earth and on rock; all collected on St. Lawrence Is- land. The following species were collected by Dr. Almquist at Port Clarence: L. tetraspora Nyl., L. stillicidiorum forma chloroleuca (Sommerf.) Nyl., L. ccesiorufella Nyl., L. pyracea ramulicola Nyl., L. mniarcea Ach., L. mniarcea pachnea Ach., L. hypnorum deau- rata (Ach.) Nyl., L. epibrya Ach., L. chlarona Ach., Z. stibintri- cata Nyl., L. upsaliensis (L.) Nyl., Z. incequatula Nyl., Z. gya- lectina Nyl., all growing on the earth or upon moss (Z. tartarea upsaliensis is reported from Kotzebue Sound by Hooker and Arnott) ; Z. Pyracea (Ach.) Nyl., Z. irrubata (Ach.) Nyl., Z. disceptans Nyl., Z. umbrina (Ehrnb.) Nyl., Z. ochromicra Nyl., Z. quadrup- lans Nyl., L.suaveolens (Ach.) Nyl., Z. Icevata var. Candida Anzi, Z. belonioides Nyl., all rock forms. Z. stillicidiorum (Oed.) Nyl. was found growing upon earth and moss, both at St. Lawrence Island and at Port Clarence. Z. smaragdula (Whlnb.) Nyl. was found growing upon rock on St. Lawrence Island. Nylander, in his correc- tion of Rothrock's list, states that Z. cervina should be called Z. sma- ragdula. Z. ventosa (L.) Ach. was collected by Wright on the is- lands of Bering Strait, by Macoun on rocks on St. George Island, and reported by Hooker and Arnott for Kotzebue Sound. In Rothrock's list, based upon Dr. Bean's collection, the following additional species are found : Z. glaucomela Tuck., no definite locality given ; Z. sub- fusca hypnorum Schaer., Port Clarence and Cape Lisburne — also collected by Wright on the islands of Bering Strait; Z. cervina (Pers.) Nyl., Eschscholtz Bay, Arctic Ocean ; Z. cervina discreta Sommerf., Port Clarence ; and Z. verrucosa (Ach.) Laur., Eschscholtz Bay, Arc- tic Ocean. Dr. Cooley has collected two additional species : Z. elatina ochrophcea Tuck., at Sheep Creek, near Juneau, and Z. pallescens rosella Tuck., in the same locality. Mr. William Palmer collected Z. thamnitis Tuck, on St. Paul Island. Mr. J. M. Macoun has made LICHENS III the following addition: L. occulata gonatodes Ach., on rock on St. Paul Island. Of another plant he notes : "Lecanora saxicola Schaer. — Specimens which may prove to represent a new species have been provisionally referred here by Mr. Branth." PLACODIUM. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Thallus well developed, typically lobed at the circumference. Thallus orange-colored elegans. Thallus bright yellow murorum. Thallus poorly, or not at all, developed, not lobed at the circumference. Spores simply bilocular. Thallus orbicular, crenate-granulose crenulatum. Thallus effuse, granules usually crowded into heaps, sometimes scattered mtellinum. Spores polar-bilocular. Growing over mosses jungermannice, Growing on wood or stone. Thallus very uneven, warted aurantiacum. Thallus comparatively smooth. Hypothallus bluish-black cerinum. Hypothallus obsolete. Apothecia orange-colored beneath and on the margin. cerinum. Apothecia greenish beneath and on the margin. fuscoatra. 120. Placodium vitellinum (Ehrh.) Naeg. & Hepp. Lichen vitellinus EHRHART, Crypt, n. 155. 1785. Placodium vitellinum NAEGELI & HEPP, Sporen der Flecht. Eur. n. 70. 1853. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. t. 1792. Hot Springs, Baranof Island (Trelease, 963 in part). On rocks with Lecidea enteroleuca and Parmelia saxatilis. Wright collected this species at Bering Strait, while Rothrock reports it from Port Clarence. Under the synonym Lecanora vitellina Ach., Ny lander reports its occurrence on St. Lawrence Island. It is a widely distributed species and closely related to the following, which may, perhaps, be considered as developed from it. 121. Placodium crenulatum (Wahl.) Tuck. Lichen murorum y crenulatus WAHLENBERG, Lapp. 416. 1812. Placodium crenulatum TUCKERMAN, Syn. N. A. L. i : 180. 1882. Hot Springs, Baranof Island (Trelease, 984) ; Plover Bay, Siberia (Trelease, 995, 996). On stones. In Rothrock's list this is reported 112 CUMMINGS from Plover Bay, Siberia, and Sitka, which is on Baranof Island. Thus the localities are practically identical. Nylander, in Lich. Fr. Behr., records it from Konyam Bay and Bering Island, Siberia. Several specimens show new thalli forming on the decaying rem- nants of old thalli. 122. Placodium fuscoatrum (Bayrh.). Lecanora fuscoatra BAYRHOFFER, Zw. Exs. 96. Kadiak (Trelease, 949). On rock. New to Alaska and to America. 123. Placodium fermgineum (Huds.) Hepp. Lichen ferruginens HUDSON, Fl. Ang. ed. 2. 526. 1778. Placodium ferrugineum HEPP, Sporen der Flechten Europas. 1853. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 1650. Alaska (Dr. Kellogg, no number) ; Sitka (Trelease, 825*:) ; Yakutat (Trelease, 831); Farragut Bay (Trelease, 829); St. Law- rence Island (Trelease, 832 in part). A lichen of wide distribution; reported by Tuckerman as having been collected in Alaska by Dr. Kellogg. Rothrock reports its occurrence at Port Clarence, as de- termined from the collection of Dr. Bean; Nylander states in his correction of Rothrock's list that this specimen should be named Lecanora ccesiorufa (Ach.). On bark and dead wood. The specimen from St. Lawrence Island is on bark, with Lecidea melancheima. The specimen from Sitka is very small and is associated with Lecidea enteroleuca. 124. Placodium jungermanniae (Vahl) Tuck. Lichen jungennannia VAHL, Nat. Selsk. Sk. 2: 29. Placodium jungermannia TUCKERMAN, Syn. N. A. L. i : 176. 1882. Unalaska (Setchell) ; St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 866 in part) ; St. Michael (Setchell). Collected on the islands of Bering Strait by Wright ; Nylander reports it from St. Lawrence Bay, Konyam Bay, and Bering Island, all on the Asiatic side of Bering Strait. The St. Matthew specimen was growing on moss, with Rinodina turfacea and the sterile thallus of a Pertusaria; the St. Michael speci- men was on moss, with Rinodina turfacea and Biatora hypnophila. 125. Placodium cerinum (Ehrh.) Naeg. & Hepp. Lichen cerinus EHRHART, Plant. Crypt, n. 216. 1785. Placodium cerinum NAEGELI & HEPP, Sporen der Flechten Europas. 1853. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 627. — HEDW. Stirp. Crypt. 2: 62. /. 21. f. B. Kukak Bay (Kincaid, 8360 in part); Kadiak (Trelease, 1134). The locality given for this in Dr. Rothrock's list is Icy Cape, Arctic LICHENS Ocean. Tuckerman records it as having been collected in Arctic America (on mosses) by Wright. Th. Fries, in Lichenes Arctoi, states that it is common in Scandinavia, Spitzbergen, and Greenland. The specimen from Kukak Bay is on bark, with Buellia parasema and a Physcia. The specimen from Kadiak has immature spores and is doubtfully referred here. On the same piece of wood are three different species of Cetraria and three of Parmelia. 126. Placodium aurantiacum (Lightf.) Naeg. & Hepp. Lichen aurantiacus LIGHTFOOT, Fl. Scot, a: 810. 1777. Placodium aurantiacum NAEGELI & HEPP, Sporen der Flechten Europas. 1853. St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 853). On dead wood. New to Alaska. This species was collected in Arctic America by Richardson. 127. Placodium murorum (Hoffm.) DC. Lichen murorum HOFFMANN, Enum. 63. /. 9. f. 2. 1784. Placodium murorum DE CANDOLLE, Fl. Fr. 2: 378. 1805. Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound (Trelease, 978 in part) ; Ka- diak (Trelease, 982, on slate rock). New to Alaska. Collected by Richardson in Arctic America. With NO. 978 is a specimen of Lecanora subfusca coiloc&rpa. 128. Placodium elegans (Link) DC. Lichen elegans LINK, Ann. i : 37. 1791. Placodium elegans DE CANDOLLE, Fl. Fr. a : 379. n. 1026. 1805. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 2181. Alaska (Funston, 24) ; White Pass, 900 ft. (Trelease, 980) ; Van- couver Island, Broughton Strait (Trelease, 985 in part) ; Unalaska (Setchell); St. Michael (Setchell). Collected by Wright on the islands of Bering Strait, by Dr. Bean on Chamisso Island, at Elephant Point, in Eschscholtz Bay, and on Chernofski Island, and by Macoun on St. Paul Island. This lichen has been reported from various points in Arctic America, and it seems to be common through all the moun- tainous and northern regions of America, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. No. 985 has with it a lichen which is apparently a sterile Lecidea. 129. Placodium coralloides ? Tuck. Placodium coralloides TUCKERMAN, Syn. N. A. L. i : 169. 1882. St. Paul Island (Trelease, 1000). On the earth. A very interesting specimen which may possibly be referred here. Unfortunately it is not fruited, and therefore its classification is uncer- CUMMINGS tain. It differs from P. coralloides in its stouter branches and lighter color. The thallus is sorediate, with a dull surface, while P. coral- loides is not sorediate and has a shining surface. Additional Alaskan species of the genus are : Placodium variabile (Pers.) Nyl., collected at Port Clarence by Dr. Bean, and P. nivale (Koerb.) Tuck., collected by Dr. Bean, but no definite locality given. According to Tuckerman, P. sinapispermum (Auct.) Hepp was col- lected by Wright on the islands of Bering Strait. Nylander, in his revision of Rothrock's list, records P. granulosum MuelL, named by Rothrock, as growing on rock on St. Matthew Island, and also states that P. murorum miniatum Tuck., of Rothrock's list, should be named P. elegans tenue (Wahlb.). Family COLLEMACE^. LEPTOGIUM. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Thallus fringed with white cilia albociliatum. Thallus not fringed with white cilia. Thallus granulate above myochroum. Thallus not granulate above myochroum saturninum. 130. Leptogium myochroum (Ehrh.) Tuck. Lichen myochrous EHRHART, Plant. Crypt, n. 286. 1785. — SCHAERER, Spicil. 534. 1771. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. t. 1980. Leptogium myochroum TUCKERMAN, Genera 99. 1872. Disenchantment Bay (Trelease, 1098^). A small, sterile frag- ment, perhaps best placed here. 131. Leptogium myochroum saturninum (Schaer.) Tuck. Leptogium saturninum SCHAERER, Spicil. 534. 1840. Leptogium myochroum saturninum TUCKERMAN, Syn. N. A. L. i : 166. 1882. Muir Glacier (Trelease, 1131); Disenchantment Bay (Trelease, 1095, 10970). New to Alaska. Rhizoids on the under surface poorly developed. 132. Leptogium albociliatum Desmaz. Leptogium albociliatum DESMAZIERES, Ann. Sci. Nat. iv. 4 : 132. 1855. Port Wells, Prince William Sound (Trelease, 1 161). It is recorded by Tuckerman for California and Oregon. New to Alaska. On rocks near tide. This is represented only by a very small specimen on which the cilia are not abundant. LICHENS 115 The following additional species of the genus Leptogium have been reported from Alaska : L. muscicolum (Sw.) Fr., L. tenuissimum (Diks.) Koerb., L. myochroum tomentosum Tuck., collected by Wright on the islands in Bering Strait; L. tremelloides (L. fil.) Fr., collected by Dr. Cooley at Salmon Creek, near Juneau; L. scoti- num Ach. and L. parculum Nyl., reported from Port Clarence by Nylander. COLLEMA. This genus is represented by two specimens, both of which are sterile. One was collected by Frederick Funston under NO. 21, locality not given. The other was collected by Trelease. The latter specimen is numbered 1 160, but bears no other data. It may possibly be referred to C. pulposum. No. 21 is so fragmentary and incomplete that no determination can be made. Species of Collema recorded for Alaska : C. melcenum polycarpum Schaer., collected by Wright on the islands of Bering Strait; C. melcenum Ach., C. triptodes Nyl., C. tenax Ach., C. furvum sub- hirsutulum Nyl., reported from Port Clarence by Nylander; and C. pulposum (Bernh.) Ach., collected by Dr. Bean at Cape Lisburne. Nylander records Collemopsis jlotoviana (Hepp) as having been col- lected at Port Clarence. EPHEBE. 133. Ephebe pubescens Fr. Ephebe pubescens FRIES, S. O. V. 356. 1825. — NYL. Syn. i : t. 2.1 and 17- 20. 1860. Mountain west of Muir Glacier (Trelease, 974). Sterile. New to Alaska. It has been reported from Greenland, but I find no record of it for Newfoundland or Labrador. Family PANNARIACEJE. PANNARIA. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Thallus white, powdery lanuginosa. Thallus brown or blackening. Thallus of rounded branchlets lepidiota coralliphora. Thallus squamulose. Thallus yellowish and reddish-brown, apothecia sessile, with a broad, thin, light-colored margin hypnorum. Thallus darker, apothecia appressed or immersed, margin not so conspicuous and of nearly the same color as the disk...6runnea. 1 1 6 CUMMINGS 134. Pannaria lepidiota coralliphora Tuck. Pannaria lepidiota coralliphora TUCKERMAN, Syn. N. A. L. x : 122. 1882. Hot Springs (Trelease, 962). New to Alaska. A small specimen on rock. This variety was described from ma- terial collected at Vancouver Island by Professor John Macoun. I have carefully compared this with the type specimen in the Tuckerman Herbarium. The apothecia are not quite so convex as in the type where the margin is excluded. The thallus of the type specimen is nearly black, while this is a dark gray. No other localities are recorded for the variety. 135. Pannaria brunnea (Sw.) Mass. Lichen britnneus SWARTZ in Act. Upsal. 4 : 247. 1784. Pannaria brunnea MASSALONGO, Ric. 115. 1852. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 1246. Alaska (Evans, 272) ; Hot Springs, Baranof Island (Trelease, 858, 874) ; Hidden Glacier Inlet, Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 861) ; Unalaska (Setchell); Hall Island (Trelease, 8780). Collected by Wright on the island in Cross Sound and on Chernofski Island, and by Macoun on earth and rock on St. George Island. A common alpine and arctic lichen. 136. Pannaria hypnorum (Vahl) Koerb. Lichen hypnorum VAHL, Fl. Dan. 6 : /. 956. 1787. Pannaria hypnorum KOERBER, Syst. Lich. Germ. 108. 1855. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 740. Hidden Glacier, Russell Fiord (Coville and Kearney, 965) ; Dis- enchantment Bay (Trelease, 860, 879, 879^, 970) ; Egg Island, Dis- enchantment Bay (Coville and Kearney, 1018) ; Muir Glacier (Tre- lease, 876, 877, 8770) ; Hidden Glacier Inlet, Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 859) ; Orca (Trelease, 873) ; Port Wells (Trelease, 872) ; Unalaska (Setchell) ; Hall Island (Trelease, 8780) ; Plover Bay, Siberia (Tre- lease, 875) ; St. Michael (Setchell). This is a very common and widely distributed alpine and arctic lichen, although the only other Alaskan record is Unalaska, where it was collected by Dr. Bean. The specimens are usually well fruited, the apothecia varying greatly in size and in the indentation of the margin, which is some- times nearly entire. 137. Pannaria lanuginosa (Ach.) Koerb. Parmelia lanuginosa ACHARIUS, Meth. Lich. 207. 1803. Pannaria lanuginosa KOERBER, Syst. Lich. Germ. 106. 1855. — HOFFM. Enum. Lich. t. 10. f. g. 1784. White Pass, 1925 ft. (Trelease, 971). Sterile. New to Alaska. LICHENS 117 I find no record of this for Newfoundland, Labrador, or Greenland. Th. Fries, in his Lichenes Arctoi, 79, records its occurrence in Fin- land, and expresses his conviction that it is found in many other northern localities. Nylander credits Pannaria nigra (Huds.) Nyl. to Port Clarence under the synonym Pannularia nigra (Huds.). Family PELTIGERIACEJE. SOLORINA. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Thallus orange-saffron-colored beneath crocea. Thallus white beneath saccata spongiosa. 138. Solorina saccata spongiosa (Sm.) Nyl. Solorina spongiosa SMITH in Sowerby, Eng. Bot. /. 1374. Solorina saccata spongiosa NYLANDER, Syn. 331. 1860. Disenchantment Bay (Trelease, 880) . One fragmentary specimen. This is a common alpine and arctic lichen. Collected at Bering Strait by Wright and reported from Port Clarence by Nylander, both much more northern localities than the present record. 139. Solorina crocea (L.) Ach. Lichen croceus LINNAEUS, Fl. Suec. ed. 2. 1101. 1755. Solorina crocea ACHARIUS, L. U. 149. 1810. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 498. — HOFFM. PI. Lich. /. 41. f. 2-4. Disenchantment Bay (Burroughs, 1106); Point Gustavus (Coville and Kearney) ; Orca (Trelease, 1 104) ; Pinnacle Rock, Chichagof Bay, 2700 feet (Palache, 1082) ; St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 1078, 1083). A common alpine and arctic lichen. Collected on St. Paul Island by Macoun and on the shores of Bering Strait by Wright. According to Tuckerman, Solorina saccata (L.) Ach. was collected by Wright on the islands of Bering Strait. PELTIGERA. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Thallus small, veins underneath black venosa. Thallus medium-sized to large. Upper surface of thallus besprinkled with brown warts apthosa. Upper surface of thallus without warts. Surface of the thallus smooth. Thallus small, cream-colored underneath canina spuria. Thallus of medium size or large. XI8 CUMMINGS Thallus very thin, covered beneath with a network of cream-colored veins canina membranacea. Thallus thicker, veins dark-colored. Apothecia transversely oblong, veins blackening. horizontalis. Apothecia elongated, revolute, veins \>rov?n...polydactyla. Surface of the thallus downy or granulate. Thallus granulate .pulverulent*, Thallus downy. Thallus reddish-brown, crisped on the edges rufescens. Thallus greenish-gray or ash-brown, not crisped on the margins. Thallus with distinct veins underneath canina. Thallus covered with a spongy nap underneath. canina spongiosa. 140. Peltigera canina (L.) Hoffm. Lichen caninus LINNAEUS, Fl. Suec. noo. 1755. Peltigera canina HOFFMANN, Fl. Germ. 2 : 106. 1795. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 1 119. Locality not given (Coville and Kearney, 576) ; Lowe Inlet, B. C. (Trelease, 1089) ; Vancouver Island, Broughton Strait (Trelease, 1084) ; Yakutat (Trelease, 1065, 10650) 5 Aguadulce River, Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 1064) ; Hidden Glacier Inlet, Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 1063, 1093$) ; Disenchantment Bay, Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 1091, 1096, 1097, 1098); Juneau (Setchell, 1243, 1249); Muir Glacier (Trelease, 1054, iiooz) ; Farragut Bay (Trelease, no number) ; Orca (Trelease, 1061) ; Port Wells (Trelease, io56c) ; Kadiak (Trelease, 1055, 1075) ; Agattu Island (Townsend, 76) ; Cape Fox (Trelease, 1070, 1085). Other Alaskan records are: Sitka, Port Mulgrave, Unalaska, Port Chatham in Cook Inlet, Dr. Bean, collector; St. Paul Island and St. George Island, collected by Macoun. Dr. Cooley collected specimens at Salmon Creek, near Juneau, which are doubt- fully referred to this species. Under the synonym Peltidea canina Ach., Babington reports its occurrence at Kotzebue Sound. With these specimens were fragments of Leptogium, Nephroma, and other species of Peltigera. A number of the specimens are sterile. 141. Peltigera canina spongiosa Tuck. Peltigera canina spongiosa TUCKERMAN, Genera Lichenum 38. 1872. Alaska (Funston, 1 2) ; St. Paul Island (Trelease, 1086) . Col- lected by Macoun on St. Paul and St. George Islands. LICHENS 142. Peltigera canina membranacea (Ach.) Nyl. Peltidea canina membranacea ACHARIUS, L. U. 518. 1810. Peltigera canina membranacea NYLANDER, Syn. 324. 1860. Alaska (Evans, 184) ; head of Russell Fiord (Trelease, 959) ; Sitka (Trelease, 1042; Setchell, 1272); Hot Springs, Baranof Island (Trelease, 10390) ; Vancouver Island, Broughton Strait (Trelease, 1033, 1058, 1084) ; Point Gustavus, Glacier Bay (Coville and Kearney, 778) ; Farragut Bay (Coville and Kearney, 4740) ; Un- alaska (Trelease, 1043) ; St. Paul Island (Trelease, 1044) ; St. Michael (Setchell) ; Pastoliak River (Newhall). The specimens from Sitka are especially large and well developed. Most of the specimens are fertile. This is a common form on the northwest coast of America. 143. Peltigera canina spuria (Ach.) Nyl. Peltidea canina spuria ACHARIUS, L. U. 518. 1810. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 1542. Peltigera spuria NYLANDER, Syn. 325. 1860. Lowe Inlet, B. C. (Trelease, 10590) 5 Yakutat (Trelease, 1065^). Collected on St. Paul Island by Macoun. Both specimens well developed and fertile. 144. Peltigera rufescens (Neck.) Hoffm. Lichen rufescens NECKER, Meth. Muse. 79. 1771. Peltigera rufescens HOFFMANN, Fl. Germ. 2 : 107. 1795. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 2300. Wrangell (Trelease, noi£, 1127) ; Juneau (Setchell, 1246) ; Muir Glacier (Trelease, 11020, 1102^); Cape Fox (Trelease, 10700); St. Michael (Setchell). New to Alaska. Nylander reports it from Konyam Bay on the Asiatic side of Bering Strait. 145. Peltigera pulverulenta (Tayl.) Nyl. Peltidea pulverulenta TAYLOR in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6 ; 184. 1847. Peltigera pulverulenta NYLANDER, Syn. 325. 1860. Alaska (Evans, no number) ; Disenchantment Bay (Trelease, 1096/5) ; Port Wells (Trelease, 1056, 1056/5) ; Hall Island (Trelease, 1067) ; Cape Nome (Setchell). New record for Alaska. Tuckerman, in his Syn. N. A. L., 108, records it as being in Herb. Babington, from Kotzebue Sound. In Babington's list of the Flora of Western Eskimaux Land no mention is made of this species, al- though four other species of Peltigera are recorded from Kotzebue Sound. The specimens vary greatly in the amount of granulation of the thallus, NO. 1056 being the most typical in that respect. I2O CUMMINGS 146. Peltigera polydactyla (Neck.) Hoffm. Lichen polydactylus NECKER, Meth. Muse. 132. 1771. Peltigera polydactyla HOFFMANN, Fl. Germ. 2 : 106. 1795. — DILL. Hist. Muse. /. 28, f. 107-108. Lowe Inlet, B. C. (Coville and Kearney, 343) ; Sitka (Trelease, 1041 ; Setchell, 1271) ; Hot Springs (Trelease, 1039) ; Farragut Bay (Trelease, 1034; Coville and Kearney, 472) ; Orca (Trelease, 10360, 1037, 1060) ; Unalaska (Setchell). Collected by Dr. Cooley at Gold Creek Canon, near Juneau. Rothrock records its occurrence at ' Kotzebue Sound, Sitka, etc.,' but does not give the names of the collectors. Most of the specimens are sterile, and the determination is therefore not without question. After careful comparison with the large series of specimens in the Tuckerman Herbarium it seems best to refer these specimens here. 147. Peltigera horizontalis (L.) Hoffm. Lichen horizontalis LINNAEUS, Mant. 132. 1771. Peltigera horizontalis HOFFMANN, Fl. Germ. 2 : 107. 1795. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 888. Aguadulce River, Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 1099) ; Yakutat (Tre- lease, 1094) ; Egg Island, Disenchantment Bay (Coville and Kearney, 1010). All the specimens are sterile, and therefore there must remain some question about their determination. 148. Peltigera apthosa (L.) Hoffm. Lichen apthosus LINNAEUS, Fl. Suec. 1098. 1755. Peltigera apthosa HOFFMANN, Fl. Germ, z : 107. 1795. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. ing. Multnomah Falls, Oregon (Trelease, 1053) ; locality lost (Trelease, 1032) ; Alaska (Evans, 409) ; Fort Cosmos (Huff, 6) ; Lowe Inlet, B. C. (Trelease, 1059, 1103) ; Wrangell (Trelease, noi) ; Hot Springs, Baranof Island (Trelease, no number, also 1040) ; Juneau (Trelease, 1090) ; Hidden Glacier Inlet, Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 1062, 1093) » Kadiak (Trelease, 1076) ; Orca (Trelease, 1036, 10360) ; Port Wells (Trelease, 10560) ; Virgin Bay (Trelease, 1035) ; Farragut Bay (Brewer and Coe, 705) ; Egg Island, Disenchantment Bay (Coville and Kearney, 1009) ; Shumagin Islands, Popof Island (Saunders, 1081) ; Attu Island (Townsend, 74) ; Unalaska (Setchell) ; Pastoliak River (Newhall) . Rothrock reports the species as having been collected at Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, by Dr. Bean, and also as having been collected at 'Kotzebue Sound, Sitka, etc.,' the collectors' names not LICHENS 121 being given. Dr. Cooley collected it at Loring and at Sheep Creek, near Juneau ; Macoun adds St. George Island and St. Paul Island to the list of localities. Under the synonym Peltidea apthosa Ach., Nylander credits it to Port Clarence ; in the lists of Hooker and Arnott, and Babington, it is reported from Kotzebue Sound. There is great difference in the size of the fronds in the different specimens. No. 1040, from Hot Springs, is characterized by very long and narrow lobes, the specimen being sterile. The three fertile spec- imens, 1053, 1062, and 1076, are all small. 149. Peltigera venosa (L.) Hoffm. Lichen venosus LINNAEUS, Fl. Suec. ed. 2. 1097. 1755. Peltigera venosa HOFFMANN, PL Lich. /. 6.f. 2. 1790-1801. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 887. Juneau (Setchell, 1242) ; Hidden Glacier Inlet, Yakutat Bay (Tre- lease, 1077, 1105); Unalaska (Setchell). Fertile. Collected by Wright on the islands of Bering Strait. In Rothrock's Flora of Alaska it is credited to Kotzebue Sound, under the synonym Peltidea •venosa (L.) Nyl. Babington records its occurrence at Kotzebue Sound ; Nylander lists it as collected at Port Clarence. Other Alaska species of the genus are : P. scabrosa Fr., reported by Nylander from St. Lawrence Island and Port Clarence ; P. canina sorediata Schaer., collected by Wright on banks of islands in Bering Strait ; and Peltidea polydactyla scutata Fries, reported by Babington as having been collected at Kotzebue Sound. NEPHROMA. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Thallus greenish straw-colored arcticum. Thallus brown. Thallus tomentose beneath tomentosum. Thallus naked. Thallus not sorediate lavigatum. Thallus sorediate Icevigatum parile. 150. Nephroma laevigatum Ach. Nephroma Icsvtgatum ACHARIUS, Syn. 242. 1813. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. JOS- Juneau (Setchell, 1244) ; Sitka (Trelease, 1072) ; Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 10650;, 1092, uoo in part) ; Virgin Bay (Trelease, 1073) ; Port Clarence (Trelease, 1071, 1087*;) ; Cape Nome (Setchell). New to Alaska. 122 CUMMINGS No. noo is with Physcia tribacea and Sticta crocata. Most of the specimens are sterile. A common northen lichen. 151. Nephroma laevigatum parile Nyl. Nephroma lavigatum parile NYLANDER, Syn. 320. 1860. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 2360. Disenchantment Bay (Trelease, 1091^, 1097, ic^Sc). New to Alaska. No. loySc was found with Peltigera and Leptogium. No. 1097 is very large, measuring 150 cent, in diameter. All the specimens are sterile. Nylander, in Lich. Fr. Bern., reports its occurrence on Bering Island, under the name of Nephromium parile. 152. Nephroma tomentosum (Hoffm.) Koerb. Peltigera tomentosa HOFFMANN, Fl. Germ. 2: 108. 1795. Nephroma tomentosum KOERBER, Systema Lich. Ger. 56. 1855. Lichen resupinatus DILLEN., Hist. Muse. /. 28. f. joj. 1741. Point Gustavus (Coville and Kearney, 775<$). A small fragment of a thallus with large thin apothecia. Found with Sticta anthraspis. Reported by Dr. Cooley from Salmon Creek, near Juneau. 153. Nephroma arcticum (L.) Fr. Lichen arcticus LINNAEUS, Sp. PI. 2: 1148. 1753. Nephroma arcticum FRIES, Lich. Arct. 41. 1860. Lichen grcenlandicus Fl. Dan. /. 466, Virgin Bay (Trelease, 1047) ; Orca (Trelease, 1046 in part) ; sum- mit of White Pass, 3000 ft. (Trelease, 1048) ; St. Lawrence Island (L. J. Cole, no number) ; Hall Island (Trelease, 1049) ; St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 1050; Coville and Kearney, 2122) ; St. Michael Island (Turner, 835 ; Setchell) ; Port Clarence (Trelease, 1052 ; Co- ville and Kearney, 1923, 1923^) ; Cape Nome (Setchell) ; Seward Peninsula (Collier) . Collected by Dr. Bean on Chamisso Island, in Eschscholtz Bay, and by Dr. Hayes at Taku. Under the synonym Nephroma polaris Ach. Babington reports its occurrence at Kotzebue Sound. With these specimens are usually found various species of Cladonia^ Sphagnum, and Dicranum. With the specimen from Orca are frag- ments of Thamnolia. The specimen from Virgin Bay is fertile. This is a very common arctic and alpine lichen. Additional Alaska species are : Nephroma expallidum Nyl., re- ported by Nylander as having been collected by Dr. Almquist at Port Clarence, and Nephroma Icetevirens, reported by Macoun under the synonym Normandina tcetevirensTurn. and Borr., as growing among tufts of moss on St. George Island. LICHENS 123 STICTA. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Thallus sorediate. Soredia lemon-colored crocata. Soredia grayish anthraspis. Thallus not sorediate. Thallus greenish-yellow, edges very finely cut oregana. Thallus brownish, edges not very finely cut. Thallus with urceolate cyphels quercizans. Thallus without cyphels. Thallus large, with elongated lobes pulmonaria. Thallus small, with round, crenate lobes.... pulmonaria linita. 154. Sticta anthraspis Ach. Sticta anthraspis ACHARIUS, Meth. Lich. 280. 1803. Point Gustavus, Glacier Bay (Coville and Kearney, 775). New to Alaska. Plant well developed, but sterile. Acharius founded the species on material collected on the coast of California by Menzies. Tuckerman records it as found in Oregon by Hall. Macoun's Canadian Lich. NO. 153 was collected at Victoria. 155. Sticta crocata (L.) Ach. Lichen crocatus LINN^US, Mant. 310. 1771. Sticta. crocata ACHARIUS, Meth. Lich. 277. 1803. — DEL. Stict. 56. /. 4. f. 10. Yakutat (Trelease, 1100 in part). Sterile specimen on dead conif- erous twigs with Nephroma Icevigatum and Physcia tribacea. New to Alaska. This is a widely distributed lichen. Arnold records it from New- foundland, J. M. Macoun from Canada. It is not mentioned in Fries' Lich. Arct., and the Yakutat station would seem to be the most north- ern one established on this continent. 156. Sticta quercizans (Michx.) Ach. Lichen quercizans MICHAUX, Fl. Bor. Amer. 2 : 524. 1803. Sticta quercizans ACHARIUS, Syn. 234. 1814. Unalaska (Setchell). New to Alaska. A small sterile specimen, growing on the earth. Described from material collected by Michaux on Grandfather Mountain, North Carolina. It is common throughout the Southern States, ranging northward to Canada and Oregon. 124 CUMMINGS 157. Sticta oregana Tuck. Sticta oregana TUCKERMAN, Bull. Torr. Club 5 : 4, 20. 1873. Lowe Inlet, B. C. (Trelease, 1023 ; Coville and Kearney, 339, 350) ; Fraser Reach, Princess Royal Island, B. C. (Coville and Kearney, 305, 311); Sitka (Setchell, 1218); Broughton Strait (Trelease, 1021); Juneau (Setchell, 1248) ; Yakutat (Trelease, 1028) ; Point Gustavus, Glacier Bay (Coville and Kearney, 779). Collected by Dr. Cooley at Loringand at Sheep Creek, near Juneau. Tuckerman, in his Syn. N. A. L., gives Oregon as the only station for this species. In my own herbarium I have specimens from Vancouver Island and Washington. All the specimens are sterile with the exception of NO. 339. 158. Sticta pulmonaria (L.) Ach. Lichen pulmonarius LINNAEUS, Fl. Suec. 1087. 1755. Sticta pulmonaria ACHARIUS, L. U. 449. 1810. — SowERBY, Eng. Bot. /. j/.?. — DELIS. Stict. /. 14. f. 60-63. Alaska (Evans, 6); Fraser Reach (Coville and Kearney, 311 in part) ; Lowe Inlet, B. C. (Trelease, 1024) ; Juneau, 1800 ft. alt. (Trelease, 1026, 1057) ; Juneau (Coville and Kearney, 608) ; Brough- ton Strait (Trelease, 1022) ; Farragut Bay (Trelease, 1025 ; Coville and Kearney, 474) 5 Point Gustavus, Glacier Bay (Coville and Kearney, 780); Orca (Trelease, 1030, 1031, 10310, 1038, 1045); Port Wells (Trelease, 1029, 10290) » Aguadulce River, Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 1027) ; Attu Island (Townsend, 71). Dr. Cooley collected it at Salmon Creek, near Juneau, Dr. Bean at Port Althorp and Sitka. The specimens collected by Dr. Bean are placed by Nylander under the following number as Lobaria linita (Ach.). Under the synonym Sticta pulmonacea Ach., Babington1 reports its occurrence at Kotze- bue Sound. He writes : " The specimens are rather small, neatly crisped, and pale ferrugineous below, approaching the form called S. linita." This Alaska form differs from the type in various particulars. The lobes of the thallus are broader and much more irregularly divided. The lobes are usually round and crenate at the apex, while the type is described as ' retuse-truncate.' The upper surface of the thallus is lighter brown in color and not so deeply lacunose, while the under surface shows fewer white spots. These specimens fruit much more freely than the type. The apothecia are large, chestnut brown, granu- late on the under side, and are scattered over the thallus and not confined to the edges, as is usually the case in Sticta pulmonaria. 1 Botany of the voyage of H. M. S. Herald, by Seeman. Lichens deter- mined by Churchill Babington, 1852-1857. LICHENS 125 The spores are similar to those of the type. The specimen from Fraser Reach shows also fragments of Sticta oregana. Judging from the specimens submitted, this must be one of the most abundant and characteristic lichens of the Alaskan coast. It is noticeable that in the collection here listed the species does not appear north of the Aleutian Islands. In the northern region its place is taken by the variety linita, which is represented by nine specimens, only three of which were collected south of the Aleutian Islands, and those all at one place. Arnold reports it from Newfoundland but not from Alaska. Dr. Lind- sayx says of it : " Not in the present collection and not given at all by Th. Fries as a Greenland lichen. But in the Kew Herbarium I saw specimens of the ordinary form labeled ' Davis Straits.' The labels, however, unfortunately did not inform us on which coast the plant was collected, east or west." Fries reports it from Lapland, Norland, and the Samoyede country. Nylander records its occurrence in Scandina- via, but not its frequency. Tuckerman has recorded it for California. 159. Sticta pulmonaria linita (Ach.) Nyl. Sticta linita ACHARIUS, Syn. 234. 1814. — DELIS. Stict. 145. /. /\b in part) ; Sitka (Trelease, 1132) ; Yakutat (Trelease, 1181). New to Alaska. The specimen from Yakutat is dwarfed and poorly developed, and shows fragments of Mnium and Dicranum. The specimen from Broughton Strait is mixed with fragments of Usnea longissima. 197. Alectoria jubata chalybeiformis (L.) Ach. Lichen chalybeifonnis LINNAEUS, Sp. PL 2: 1155. 1753. Alectoria jubata chalybeiformis ACHARIUS, L. U. 593. 1810. — Fl. Dan. t. 262. Alaska (Funston, 13); Sitka (Trelease, 1180). The only other recorded Alaska locality is St. Paul Island, J. M. Macoun, collector. This variety occurs in a dwarfed form on the earth in alpine regions, elongated and pendulous on trees farther south. 198. Alectoria divergens (Ach.) Nyl. Cornicularia divergens ACHARIUS, Meth. Lich. 305. /. 6. f. I. 1803. Alectoria divergens NYLANDER, Syn. x: 278. 1860. Kadiak (Trelease, 1194^ in part, 1208 in part); St. Michael (Turner, 838 ; Setchell) ; Agattu Island (Townsend, 78) ; Hall Is- land (Trelease, 1209 in part); St. Matthew Island (Trelease, no number) ; Port Clarence (Trelease, 1112 in part) ; Cape Nome (Set- chell) ; Seward Peninsula (Collier). Reported by Nylander from Port Clarence and St. Lawrence Island, by Rothrock as occurring in various localities, by Farlow as having been collected at Point Barrow, by Tuckerman as having been collected by Wright on the islands of Bering Strait. Macoun collected it on St. Paul Island, under synonym Cornicularia divergens Ach. ; Hooker and Arnott report its occur- rence at Kotzebue Sound ; Babington credits it to Norton Sound and Kotzebue Sound as Evernia divergens Fries. It has also been col- lected on Seward Peninsula by Arthur J. Collier. Mixed with these specimens are fragments of Cetraria islandica and C, cucullata, Parmelia saxatilis, Cladonia rangiferina, and vari- 140 CUMMINGS ous mosses. The specimen from Agattu Island is the best developed and shows no intermixture of other lichens. All the specimens are sterile. A common arctic form. The only additional Alaskan species of which I find record is A. fremontii Tuck., collected by Dr. Cooley at Sitka and at Salmon Creek, near Juneau. USNEA. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Thallus short, tufted. Thallus fine, nearly smooth barbata. Thallus coarse, papillate barbata florida. Thallus elongated, pendulous. Thallus profusely subdichotomously branched, without spreading fibrils barbata plicata. Thallus scarcely branched, covered with spreading fibrils, very much elongated , longissima. 199. Usnea longissima Ach. Usnea longissima ACHARIUS, L. U. 626. 1810. Alaska (Dr. Kellogg, 6 ; Evans, 255 in part) ; Fort Cosmos (Huff, 53- Muir Glacier (Trelease, 1 158) ; summit of White Pass (Trelease, 1162) ; Kadiak (Trelease, 1134^) ; Unalaska (Setchell) ; Hall Island (Trelease, 1164) ; St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 1163, 1166) ; Cape Nome (Setchell) . Collected on St. Paul Island by Macoun. Roth- rock includes it in his list of species collected by Dr. Bean, but with no indication of special locality. Schaerer recognizes two forms, one indicated as a. major, having lobes of the thallus broad and granulate on the margin, the other b. minor, having the lobes of the thallus narrow and scarcely at all granu- late on the margins. No. 1166 is a good example of the first form, and 1164 of the second, while 1158 and 1162 are transition forms. An examination of material in my herbarium from the mountains of New Hampshire and from Labrador shows that both forms are found on the same specimen, and therefore it hardly seems worth while to attempt to discriminate. 209. Cetraria nivalis (L.) Ach. Lichen nivalis LINNAEUS, Fl. Suec. 413. 1755. Cetraria nivalis ACHARIUS, Meth. Lich. 294. 1803. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 1994. Alaska (Funston, 32) ; Agattu Island (Townsend, 75) ; St. Michael (Turner, 836) ; St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 1190). Collected by Dr. Hayes at Taku ; by J. M. Macoun on St. George and St. Paul Islands. Under the synonym Platysma ni-vale (L.) Nylander records its occurrence at Port Clarence. The specimen from Agattu Island by C. H. Townsend is a speci- men from the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross. The seg- ments of the thallus are dwarfed and, at the same time, broader than the common forms. No. 836, from St. Michael, has fragments of Cladonia rangiferina mixed with it. 210. Cetraria cucullata (Bell.) Ach. Lichen cucullatus BELLARDI, App. Fl. Pedem. 1792. Cetraria cucullata ACHARIUS, Meth. Lich. 293. 1803. — HOFFM. Plant. Lich. /. 66. f. 2. Agattu Island (Townsend, 756) ; Unalaska (Setchell) ; St. Mich- ael (Turner, 842; Setchell); St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 1238, a fragment with Cladonia rangiferina) ; St. Lawrence Island, North- 144 CUMMINGS east Cape (Coville and Kearney, 2008) ; Port Clarence (Trelease, 1254, III2» tne latter a fragment mixed with Parmelia saxatilis, Parmelia physodes and Alectoria divergens} ; Cape Nome (Setch- ell). All specimens sterile. Collected at Taku by Dr. Hayes, and on St. Paul Island by J. M. Macoun ; Hooker and Arnott report its occurrence at Kotzebue Sound, and Babington credits it to the same locality. Nylander lists Platysma cucullata Hoffm. as occurring at Port Clarence. This species is distributed from about latitude 40° N. to the Arctic regions, both in the Old and New Worlds. 211. Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. Lichen islandicus LINNAEUS, Fl. Suec. 1085. 1755. Cetraria islandica ACHARIUS, Meth. Lich. 293. 1803. — SOWERBY, Eng. Bot. /. 1330. — NYL. Syn. /. 8. f. 32. Summit of White Pass (Trelease, 1193); Kadiak (Trelease, 1194, 11940;, 1194/5), mixed with Alectoria and Cladonia; Unalaska (Set- chell) ; Hall Island (Trelease, no number) ; St. Matthew Island (Co- ville and Kearney, 2113) ; St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 1206) ; Port Clarence (Trelease, 1198, 1207); St. Michael (Setchell) ; Cape Nome (Setchell). Babington reports its occurrence at Norton Sound and Kotzebue Sound ; Hooker and Arnott credit it to the latter locality. J. M. Macoun collected it on St. Paul and St. George Islands, the forms gracilis and robustus growing with the type. Also collected on Seward Peninsula by Arthur J. Collier. This is a very variable species, and the transition forms between the species and its varieties are very puzzling. No. 1207 may be consid- ered one of the most typical forms, though these specimens are some- what lighter than is normal. The thallus grows nearly upright, branching freely. The fibrils on the edge of the lobes of the thallus are short and unbranched. The specimen from Port Clarence (NO. 1198) is much abbreviated, and in the broadening of its shining lobes tends toward the variety platyna. The most interesting variation, however, is in the specimens from the summit of White Pass (NO. 1193) and from Kadiak Island (NO. 11940). ^n these specimens the lobes are long, narrow, and flexuous, thickly beset on the edge with long fibrils, which in the specimen from White Pass are variously branched. Dr. Lindsay, in West Greenland Lichens, 321, suggests that this state "might appropriately bear the name (if name is re- quired) of form or variety leucomeloides " because of its resemblance to Physcia leucomela. All these specimens are sterile. LICHENS 145 212. Cetraria islandica delisei (Bory.) Schaer. Cetraria delisei BORY in Schaerer, Enum. 16. 1850. Cetraria islandica delisei SCHAERER, Enum. 16. 1850. — WESTR. Faergh. /. i6c. Hall Island (Trelease, 1197); St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 1195, 1205); St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 1196); Plover Bay, Siberia (Trelease, 1199); Cape Nome (Setchell). Recorded by Farlow as having been collected on the expedition to Point Barrow ; J. M. Ma- coun collected it on St. Paul Island; Nylander credits it to St. Lawrence Island. It is noticeable that the development of the marginal fibrils is very slight in the variety delisei. No. 1205 from St. Matthew Island shows a few fibrils on the finer branches, near the apex of the fronds. All these forms are somewhat coarser than those of the variety de- lisei in the Tuckerman Herbarium, and all are sterile. With the specimen from Hall Island is a species of Dicranum. 213. Cetraria islandica platyna (Ach.) Th. Fr. Cetraria platyna ACHARIUS, Syn. 229. 1814. Cetraria islandica platyna Til, FRIES, Lich. Arct. 35. 1860. Hall Island (Trelease, 1201, 1202); St. Lawrence Island (Tre- lease, 1200); Plover Bay, Siberia (Trelease, 1203). New to the Alaska region. The specimens of this variety have a much richer chestnut color than the type, while the surface of the thallus is very highly polished and the marginal fibrils are very slightly developed. Not mentioned in Tuckerman's Synopsis of N. A. Lichens, but given by Fries as occurring in Greenland. 214. Cetraria arctica (Hook.) Tuck. Dufourea arctica HOOKER in Richards., Frankl. Narr. 762, append. 47. /. 31. 1823. Cetraria arctica TUCKERMAN, Syn. N. A. L. i: 30. 1882. Locality lost (Trelease, 1236) ; St. Matthew Island (Coville and Kearney, 21 170) ; Plover Bay, Siberia (Trelease, 1237; Coville and Kearney, 1850). Sterile. Reported by Farlow as occurring at Point Barrow ; collected by Macoun on St. Paul Island, and by Dr. Hayes at Taku. Hooker and Arnott report it from Kotzebue Sound under the synonym Dufourea arctica Br., and Nylander records its occurrence at Port Clarence and on St. Lawrence Island under the synonym Dac- tylina arctica (Hook.). Mixed with it are Cetraria islandica and various mosses. 146 CUMMINGS Additional Alaska species: Cetraria delisei submedia Nyl., Port Clarence; C. crispa (Ach.), Port Clarence; C. nigricans^y\., Port Clarence and St. Lawrence Island; Platysma tilesii Ach., Port Clar- ence; and P. scEpincolaiorma. minuta Nyl., Port Clarence — all re- corded by Ny lander only; Platysma septentrionale~Ny\., listed by Ny lander from Port Clarence and by Rothrock from Kotzebue Sound ; C. glauca substraminea Babington, reported by Babington from Kotzebue Sound. Dr. Bean collected two species, C. juniperina (L.) Ach., sterile specimens, on Chamisso Island in Eschscholtz Bay, and C. aleurites (Ach.) Th. Fr. at Cook Inlet and, on the bark of coni- ferae, at Eschscholtz Bay. Concerning the latter species Rothrock * writes : " Stein has said of this species that it is an evident transition, resembling Cetraria in its fruit and spermagonia, and Parmelia in habit, and hence often placed by later lichenologists in the latter genus." J. M. Macoun collected C. aculeata (Schreb.) Fr. on St. Paul Island and Nylauder reports its occurrence at Port Clarence. Dr. Hayes added one species to the list, C. glauca stenophylla Tuck., collected at Prince William Sound. Tuckerman reports two additional species, C. ramulosa (Hook.) Tuck., a common alpine and arctic form, and C. chrysantha Tuck. The range of the latter species is very interesting. It was collected by Wright on the islands in Bering Strait, and is repre- sented by a specimen in the Babington Herbarium collected on rocks at Kotzebue Sound; the only other locality given is Japan, where fertile specimens were collected by Wright. RAMALINA. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Thallus rather elongated, finely divided .pusilla geniculata. Thallus short, compressed, coarsely divided .polymorpha. 215. Ramalina polymorpha Ach. Ramalina polymorpha ACHARIUS, L. U. 600. 1810. Unalaska (Setchell) ; St. Paul Island (Trelease, 1192). Sterile. An alpine and arctic species. Previously reported from the islands in Bering Strait, collected by Wright, and from St. Paul Island by Macoun and Dr. Bean. Rothrock's determination of Dr. Bean's specimen is revised by Nylander, who makes it R. polymorpha emplecta. 1 Rothrock, Dr. J. T. List of and Notes upon the Lichens collected by Dr. T. H. Bean in Alaska and the Adjacent Regions in 1880. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 7 : 1884. LICHENS 147 216. Ramalina pusilla geniculata (Hook. & Taylor) Tuck. Ramalina geniculata HOOKER & TAYLOR, Lond. Jour. Bot. 3 : 655. 1844. Ramalina pusilla geniculata TUCKERMAN, Syn. N. A. L. i : 26. 1882. Fraser Reach, Princess Royal Island, British Columbia (Coville and Kearney, 304) ; St. Michael (Setchell) ; St. Matthew Island (Tre- lease, 1191, 1257). All the specimens are sterile. A specimen col- lected by Dr. Bean and determined by Rothrock \vas referred here. Nylander, in his revision of Rotlirock's list, places the specimen under the species R. minus cula Nyl., which Nylander records as also occur- ring at Port Clarence and on St. Lawrence Island. No. 304 is very finely divided, many of the branches ending in capi- tate soredia. It resembles specimens in the Tuckerman collection from Anticosti and the Gaspe coast. The species as represented in the Tuckerman Herbarium shows great variation in the fineness of the division of the terminal segments and in the regularity of branching as well as in the presence of soredia. Additional Alaska species are: ./?. cuspidata, collected by J. M. Macoun on St. Paul Island ; and R. calicaris farinacea Fr. collected by Dr. Bean on Little Koniuji Island. Shumagin group. ADDITIONAL GENERA. Five genera of which there are no specimens in the Harriman col- lection have been recorded as occurring in Alaska. A list of these, with the recorded species, is appended. Varicellaria microsticta Nyl., reported by Nylander from Port Clarence; Sphinctrina turbinata (Pers.) Nyl., from the same locality as the preceding; Pycnothalia cladinoides ', collected by William Palmer on St. Paul Island, determined by W. W. Calkins ; Urceo- laria scruposa (L.) Ach., collected by Dr. Bean, no special locality being recorded ; Gyalecta convarians Nyl., reported for Port Clarence by Nylander; Gyalecta rhexoblephara (Nyl.) Tuck., collected by Wright on the islands of Bering Sea; and Evernia thamnodes (Flot.) Nyl., reported from Port Clarence by Nylander. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Hooker, Sir William Jackson, and Arnott, G. A. Walker. 1841 Botany of Beechey's Voyage to the Pacific and Behring's Strait, 133- '34- Babington, Churchill. 1852-7 Botany of the Voyage of H. M. S. Herald by Seeman, 47-49. 148 CUMMINGS Fries, Th. M. 1860 Lichenes Arctoi. Rothrock, J. T. 1867 Flora of Alaska. Smithsonian Report. Lindsay, W. Lauder. 1871 Observations on the Lichens collected bj Dr. Robert Brown in West Greenland in 1867. Transactions of the Linnaean Society of London, vol. xxvn, 305-368, tab. 48-52. Hooper, Capt. C. L. 1881 Cruise of the Corwin. Tuckerman, Edward. 1882 Synopsis North American Lichens, Part i; Part II, 1888. Rothrock, J. T. 1884 Proceedings of the United States National Museum, vol. vn, 1-9. Farlow, Dr. William G. 1885 Ray, Report of the International Polar Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska, 192. Knowlton. 1886 Proceedings of the National Museum, vol. ix. Wainio, Edv. 1887 Monographia Cladoniarum, vol. i; vol. n, 1894. Turner, Lucien M. 1888 Contributions to the Natural History of Alaska. Nylander, Dr. William. 1888 Enumeratio Lichenum Freti Behringii, 1-91. Bull. Soc. Linn, de Nor- mandie, vol. I, 1888. Cummings, Clara E. 1892 Cooley, Miss Grace E., Plants collected in Alaska aud Nanaimo, B. C., July and August, 1891. Bull. Torr. Club, vol. xix, 248, 249. 1892 An Expedition through the Yukon District, by Charles Willard Hayes. National Geographic Magazine, vol. iv, 160-162. Arnold, Dr. F. 1896 Labrador. 1896 Lichenologische Fragmente, 35, Newfoundland. Separat-Abdruck aus der "Oester. botan. Zeitschrift," Jahrg. XLVI. Kurtz, F. 1895 Die Flora des Chilcatgebietes in Siidostlichen Alaska nach der Samm- lungen der Gebriider Krause. Engler's botanische Jahrbiicher, vol. xix, 327-431. Macoun, J. M. 1899 Jordan's Report on the Fur Seals and Fur Seal Islands of the North Pacific, pt. 3. Calkins, W. J. 1899 Jordan's Report on the Fur Seals and Fur Seal Islands of the North Pacific, pt. 3. LICHENS I49 Cummings, Clara E. 1901 Reconnaissances in the Cape Nome and Norton Bay Regions, Alaska, in 1900, by Alfred H. Brooks, George B. Richardson, Arthur J. Collier and Walter C. Mendenhall, United States Geological Survey, 167. Miyoshi, M. 1901 Ueber die Sporocarpenevacuation und darauf erfolgendes Sporenaus- streuen bei einer Flechte. The Journal of the College of Science, Im- perial University, Tokyo, Japan, vol. xv, pt. 3, pp. 367-370. tab. 18. PLATE IX. Pertusaria pocillaria sp. nov. FIG. I. Portion of fruited thallus (X8). c, cup formed by the evacuation of the asci. 2. Vertical section of thallus and apothecia (X24). 3. Vertical section of apothecium (X9^)' 4. Asci and paraphyses (X 187). 5. Spores (X375)- The figures are drawn from specimens collected by Dr. Trelease at Farragut Bay. (NO. 8o6a.) PLATE IX MAUD MCTCALF. DEL. ALASKA LICHENS THE ALG.E OF THE EXPEDITION (153) The following paper on the Algae of the Expedition, by Prof. De Alton Saimders, was originally published in the Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, vol. in, pp. 391-486, Nov. 15, 1901. It is here reprinted from the same electrotype plates, so that it may be quoted exactly as if it were the original. The original pagi- nation has been preserved and transferred to the inner or hinge side of the page, where it is enclosed in brackets, thus [392] ; while the con- secutive pagination of the present volume has been added in the usual place. In the plates the original numbers and running headline, slightly abbreviated, have been preserved [in brackets], while the volume designation and serial plate numbers have been added in the usual place. The original text references to the plates are unchanged. The present headpiece and title have been substituted for the running heading of the Academy's Proceedings and the original title, which was : Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition, xxv. The Algce. No other alterations have been made. The author desires to record the following corrections : Page 156 [392], seventh line from bottom, for ' vagnum ' read vagum. Page 160 [396] : Seventh line from top in table, for ' Gloiosiphonia ' read Gloiopeltis. Sixth line from bottom of table, for 'yendori' readyendoi. Page 159 [395] and 203 [439], for ' Calithamnion ' read Callithamnion. Page 161 [397], fifth line from top, for ' mirabilis ' read mirabile, Page 163 [399], fourth line from bottom, for ' biasolletiana ' read biasolettiana. Page 178 [414], seventeenth line from top and seventh line from bottom, for ' arctica' read arcta. Page 181 [417], tenth line from bottom, for ' stilophorea' read stilophorce. Page 183 [419]: Seventeenth line from bottom, for 'cirrosa' read cirrhosa. Seventh line from bottom, for ' Zoostera ' read Zostera. Page 185 [421], thirteenth line from bottom, for ' lepidum ' read lepidium. Page 186 [422] : Seventh line from top, for ' Systophyllum lepidum ' read Cystophyllum lepi- dium. Sixteenth line from bottom, for ' Rhodamea ' read Rhodomela. Page 190 [426], fifth line from top, for ' cryptostomata ' read hairs, Page 202 [438] , eighteenth and eleventh lines from bottom, for ' perithecia ' read cystocarfs. Page 203 [439], eleventh line from top, for ' pekeanum ' read pikeanum. Page 204 [440], thirteenth line from bottom, for ' Gratloupiaceaj ' read Grate- loupiacece. Page 205 [441], fourth line from bottom, for ' patens ' read Catena. Page 206 [442], eighteenth line from top, for ' yendori' read yendoi. Page 236 [472], for ' lacticosta ' read laticosta. EDITOR. (154) THE ALGJE OF THE EXPEDITION BY DE ALTON SAUNDERS CONTENTS Introduction 155 Geographic distribution 156 Catalogue of species 160 INTRODUCTION COLLECTIONS of algas were made by the writer and other members of the Harriman Alaska Expedition at Victoria, in British Columbia, and at the following localities in Alaska : Wrangell, Annette Island, Juneau, Glacier Bay, Sitka, Yakutat Bay, Prince William Sound (near Orca and in Virgin Bay), Cook Inlet, Kukak Bay, Kadiak Island, and Popof Island and Unga Island of the Shumagin group. This paper contains an enumeration of the species collected at these localities. Except where otherwise stated, the numbers representing localities are those of the collections made by the writer. The list of Chlorophyceae, except the Oedogoniaceae which were determined by Dr. K. E. Hirn, was prepared by Mr. F. [390 (i55) 156 SAUNDERS [392] S. Collins. Most of the Oscillatoriaceae were determined by Dr. Maurice Gomont, and the list of Bacillariaceae is entirely the work of Professor A. M. Edwards. Acknowledgment is also due Dr. F. R. Kjellman, who examined many of the Alarias and the species of Fucus and named the entire collec- tion of Corallinaceae ; to Dr. W. A. Setchell for examining O several species of Laminaria andCyanophyceae ; and to Dr. W. G. Farlowfor determining several species of the Rhodophyceae. My thanks are also due to Dr. C. E. Bessey for the loan of valuable books, to Professor Conway MacMillan for library and herbarium privileges and for the loan of books, and to Miss Josephine E. Tilden for the privilege of examining material, preserved in fluid, of her entire Puget Sound collection. In this paper are catalogued 380 species of algae, of which nine are new to science and 240 new to Alaska. The number of species, both fresh water and marine, in each of the six classes of algae is : FRESH WATER. MARINE. TOTAL. Schizophycese 26 2 28 Conjugate 96 o 96 Chlorophyceae 18 26 44 Phaeophyceae o 70 70 Rhodophyceae i 68 69 Bacillariacese 32 41 73 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. Though the algal flora of the Pacific coast in not well enough known to enable a map showing the exact distribution of species to be made, yet, enough collecting has been done to indicate the general distribution. The Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariaceae and the single freshwater species of the Rhodophyceae (Batrachosper- mum vagnum} are so largely cosmopolitan that they have been disregarded in the table which follows. Of the remaining 126 species, comprising the Phaeophyceas and Rhodophyceae, only seven are found on the southern California coast, 37 occur on the central California coast, 68 range from Puget Sound north- ward into Alaska waters, 49 are peculiar to the Pacific coast of North America, and 55 are either circumpolar or inhabitants [393] THE ALG^E 157 of the north Atlantic. Furthermore, of the 126 species, 39 are reported from Bering Sea, and of these, 18 are circumpolar or north Atlantic forms and 21 are peculiar to the Pacific coast of North America. At least three distinct regions may be distinguished in the algal flora of the Pacific coast of North America ; a southern, a Californian, and a northern. The southern region extends from Point Conception south- ward, perhaps to the equator. It is characterized by Nereo- cystis g/ganteus, Sargassum agardianum, Taonia Icnnebackerce^ Zonaria tourncfortn and many other tropical species. The Californian region extends from Point Conception on the south, to Puget sound on the north, and is characterized by forms like Dictyoneuron, Postelsia, Laminaria sinclairii, Lam- inaria andersonii^ and Fucus harveyanus. It may more properly be limited on the north by the mouth of the Columbia River and the shore line between that point and Puget Sound may be regarded as a transitional area. The northern region begins at Puget Sound and extends northward to and including Bering Sea. It is characterized by such species as Odonthalia aleutica^ Polysiphonia bipinnatat Enthora cristata, Rhodymcnia pertusa, Constantinea rosa- marma, Fucus evanescens megacephalus^ Agarum turneri, Cy- mathere triplicata, Laminaria bongardiana, Laminaria bul- lata, Dictyostphon foeniculaceus, and Myelophycus intestinalis. i6o SAUNDERS [396] Names. Southern California to Alaska. Central California to Alaska. Puget Sound to Alaska. From Dixon En- trance northward. Circumpolar or North Atlantic. Peculiar to the Pa- cific Coast of North America. British Columbia. a in y •X- * # * * * * * •X- * # * Rhodochorton rothii * * * * * * # Dumontia filiforme # * Cryptosiphonia grayana * * Dilsea californica * * Dilsea arctica # * * # * * * # * * # * * * * •X- * Clathromorphum circumscriptum * #• * Amphiroa tuberculosa * * * Amphiroa epiphlegmoides * * Amphiroa planiuscula * Corallina arbuscula *? * Corallina pilulifera filiformis * * CATALOGUE OF SPECIES. SCHIZOPHYCE^E. Family CHROOCOCCACEsE. Chroococcus turgidus (Kuetz.) Naegeli. Distributed through amass of Microcystis marginata which formed a slimy coating on a perpendicular cliff over which water was trick- ling. Juneau (75). Chroococcus rufescens (Bre'b.) Naegeli. Forming with Stigonema a reddish coating on a rock five hundred feet above sea level. Prince William Sound (Trelease 501). Schizothrix lardacea (Cesati) Gomont. Forming bright rose-red tufts on rocks exposed to fresh water spray, near Orca, Prince William Sound (304) . Identified by Gomont. [3971 THE ALG^E 161 Schizothrix lacustris A. Braun. In a freshwater pool with Stigonema near Prince William Sound (300). Identified by Setchell. Microcoleus vaginatus (Vaucher) Gomont. Forming, with Scytonema mirabilis, a thin coating on damp ground recently covered by snow. Glacier Bay (104). Family NOSTOCACE^E. Nostoc commune Vaucher. Forming thin leathery thalli of indefinite size and shape on damp ground near Glacier Bay (106) ; Hidden Glacier, Yakutat Bay (502). Cells spherical or oblong, 12-18 fi in diameter; often two to four cells coalesced. Tegument colorless ; cytoplasm finely granulated. Aphanothece microspora Naegeli. Forming with Chroococcus turgidus a slimy coating on a perpendic- ular cliff over which water was trickling. Juneau (75). Microcystis marginata Naegeli. Forming a slimy coating on a perpendicular cliff near Juneau (75). Dermocarpa prasina Born. & Thur. Abundant on Sphacclaria racemosa arctica and Sphacelaria cir- rosa. From Puget Sound to the Shumagin Islands. Dermocarpa fucicola sp. nov. (Plate XLVI, figs. 4 and 5.) Phycotheca Boreali-Americana, No. 80 1. Plant forming dark violet brown patches 2—12 mm. in extent; cells 40-60 tJ. high, 18—25 f- broad, ovate, clavate or spatulate, much nar- rowed below ; schizospores abundant. On Fucus evanescens mega- cephala, Puget Sound (440) . Forming orbicular or irregular patches which become confluent into irregular masses of indefinite extent. This plant is closely related to Savageau's D. biscayensis, but dif- fers from it in the larger size of the patches and the shape and size of the individual cells. In D. biscayensis the plant forms orbicular patches i mm. broad and the cells are 25-30 fj. broad. Family OSCILLATORIACE^. Oscillatoria amoena (Kuetz.) Gomont. The plant formed a soft, felt like, dark bluish-green mass 3-10 mm. thick, of indefinite extent, lining the bottom of the outlet of a hot spring. The water in the outlet where the plant was abundant ranged from 80° F. some distance from the spring to 120° F. near the spring. Near Sitka (158). Identified by Gomont. i6o SAUNDERS [396] Names. Southern California to Alaska. Central California to Alaska. Puget Sound to Alaska. From Dixon En- trance northward. Circumpolar or North Atlantic. Peculiar to the Pa- cific Coast of North America. British Columbia. Bering Sea. * # * * # * * * •* •* * * * * * * * * * Durnontia. filiforme # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * •* * # #• * * •* * * * * * * * * * * Corallina arbuscula. *? * * Corallina nilulifera filiformis..., # CATALOGUE OF SPECIES. SCHIZOPHYCEJE. Family CHROOCOCCACE^. Chroococcus turgidus (Kuetz.) Naegeli. Distributed through a mass of Microcystis marginata which formed a slimy coating on a perpendicular cliff over which water was trick- ling. Juneau (75). Chroococcus rufescens (Bre"b.) Naegeli. Forming with Stigonema a reddish coating on a rock five hundred feet above sea level. Prince William Sound (Trelease 501). Schizothrix lardacea (Cesati) Gomont. Forming bright rose-red tufts on rocks exposed to fresh water spray, near Orca, Prince William Sound (304) . Identified by Gomont. [3973 TIIE ALG^: 161 Schizothrix lacustris A. Braun. In a freshwater pool with Stigonema near Prince William Sound (300). Identified by Setchell. Microcoleus vaginatus (Vaucher) Gomont. Forming, with Scytonema mirabilis, a thin coating on damp ground recently covered by snow. Glacier Bay (104). Family NOSTO CA CJS^E. Nostoc commune Vaucher. Forming thin leathery thalli of indefinite size and shape on damp ground near Glacier Bay (106) ; Hidden Glacier, Yakutat Bay (502). Cells spherical or oblong, 12-18 (JL in diameter; often two to four cells coalesced. Tegument colorless ; cytoplasm finely granulated. Aphanothece microspora Naegeli. Forming with Chroococcus turgidus a slimy coating on a perpendic- ular cliff over which water was trickling. Juneau (75). Microcystis marginata Naegeli. Forming a slimy coating on a perpendicular cliff near Juneau (75). Dermocarpa prasina Born. & Thur. Abundant on Sphacclaria racemosa arctica and Sphacelaria cir- rosa. From Puget Sound to the Shumagin Islands. Dermocarpa fucicola sp. nov. (Plate XLVI, figs. 4 and 5.) Phycotheca Boreali-Americana, No. 80 1. Plant forming dark violet brown patches 2-12 mm. in extent; cells 40-60 fj. high, 18—25 P broad, ovate, clavate or spatulate, much nar- rowed below ; schizospores abundant. On Fucus evanescens mega- cephala, Puget Sound (440). Forming orbicular or irregular patches which become confluent into irregular masses of indefinite extent. This plant is closely related to Savageau's D. biscayensis, but dif- fers from it in the larger size of the patches and the shape and size of the individual cells. In D. biscayensis the plant forms orbicular patches I mm. broad and the cells are 25-30 [* broad. Family OSCILLATORIACEsE. Oscillatoria amoena (Kuetz.) Gomont. The plant formed a soft, felt like, dark bluish-green mass 3-10 mm. thick, of indefinite extent, lining the bottom of the outlet of a hot spring. The water in the outlet where the plant was abundant ranged from 80° F. some distance from the spring to 120° F. near the spring. Near Sitka (158). Identified by Gomont. 1 62 SAUNDERS [398] Phormidium autumnale (Ag.) Gomont. Forming a thin dark blue coating on small rocks in a rapid stream emptying into Kukak Bay (332). Identified by Gomont. Phormidium laminosum (Ag.) Gomont. Forming a thin membranaceous stratum on perpendicular rocks moistened by spray from a waterfall, Qrca (301). Identified by Go- mont. Lyngbya aerugineo-ccerulea (Kuetz.) Gomont. In a felt-like mass of filaments of Vaucheria, Juneau (74) ; with Zygnema sp. in a small pond on an island in the Muir Glacier (107). Nostoc sphaeroides Kuetz. ? Forming a soft bluish green coating on rocks near Juneau (75). This species was submitted to Dr. Setchell, who says of it "The Nostoc is a minute spherical one very often found but I am uncertain as to whether it is N. sphceroides or not." Desmonema wrangelii (Ag.) Bor. & Fla. Mixed with Tolypothrix tennis from a clear brook emptying into Glacier Bay (103). In a similar locality and associated with the same species on Popof Island (404) . Family SCYTONEMA CE^ft. Scytonema varium Kuetz. On rocks moistened by spray from a waterfall near Juneau (76). Identified by Setchell. Scytonema myochrous (Dillw.) Ag. With Tolypothrix tenuis, forming small tufts on rocks in a brook emptying into Glacier Bay. Identified by Setchell. Scytonema mirabile Bornet. On moist ground near Glacier Bay, with Microcoleus -vaginatus (104). On the perpendicular surface of a rock, with Vaucheria, moistened by dripping water, Kukak Bay (347). Scytonema figuratum Ag. In a freshwater stream emptying into Glaicier Bay (103 <5). Tolypothrix tenuis Kuetz. Forming brownish or blue-green tufts attached to rocks in fresh water. Glacier Bay (300) ; Popof Island (404). Identified by Set- chell. [399] TIIE ALG^E 163 Family STIGONEMATACE^. Hapalosiphon pumilus (Kuetz.) Kirchner. In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet (424). Stigonema minutum (Ag.) Hassall. Forming a thin brown coating with Chroococcus rufescens on damp rocks several hundred feet above sea level, Prince William Sound (Trelease 501). The threads are about i mm. high, 13-25 /* broad, irregularly branched and flexuously curved ; sheath yellowish brown ; internal tegument much darker; main filament usually of one layer of cells; the branches usually of two or more ; heterocysts abundant, yellowish, lateral or intercalary. Stigonema ocellatum (Dillw.) Thur. On rocks in a rapid stream emptying into Glacier Bay ; floating in a quiet freshwater pool, Prince William Sound (300, 302). The plant forms dark brown, loosely caespitose tufts 2-7 or 8 mm. high which are attached at first but finally are floating ; irregularly branched, branches elongated, patent, primary filaments one or two cells thick (35-50^1) all bearing hormogones ; trichomes 21-40^ broad; sheath broad, indistinctly lamellose, yellowish brown except near the ends on young branches ; cells 25-35 ^, shorter than broad, surrounded by a dark brown tegument ; heterocysts lateral, scarce ; hormogones 13 fi broad, 50-65 /* long. Family RIVULARIA CE^E. Calothrix fusca (Kuetz.) Bornet. Imbedded in the gelatinous coating of Batrachospermum -vagum from a freshwater pond, Cook Inlet (423) ; Kadiak Island (504). The plants, which were apparently immature, resemble the form of C. aruginosa of Kuetz.1 The threads are loosely gregarious, broad, curved and somewhat enlarged at the base ; sheath broad, ochraceous with age, produced into long thread-like articulations; heterocysts 10 /* broad. Calothrix scopulorum (Weber & Mohr) Ag. In salt water, Puget Sound. Rivularia biasolletiana Menegh. On rocks in freshwater streams, Juneau (76) ; Glacier Bay (102). Identified by Setchell. 1 Kuetz. Tab. Phyc. 2 : PI. 45, Figs. 5 and 6. SAUNDERS [4°°] The plant forms minute, hard, dark bluish green thalli 1-3 mm. in diameter, which finally become agglutinated into hollow indefinite masses. Family HTDR URA CE^ft. Hydrurus penicillatus Ag. Plant forming dark olive-green filaments attached to smooth round pebbles in a rapid brook emptying into Kukak Bay (351). The filaments are 7-20 mm. in length, having long primary branches bearing many short penicilkte ones. CONJUGATE. Family DESMIDIACE^. Mesotaenium braunii De Bary. (Plate XLIII, fig. 29.) In a freshwater pond near Cook Inlet. The cells are cylindrical, 2*^ times as long as broad; 16 to i8/i broad, 38-45 p. long. Penium interruptum Br6b. In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Plant 24-40;* wide, 130-145/1 long. Slightly smaller in all its di- mensions but agrees otherwise with the description. Penium closterioides Ralfs. In a freshwater pond on Popof Island. Diameter 140 /a, length 150/1. Penium margaritaceum (Ehrenb.) Bre"b. Occasional in freshwater, Kukak Bay. Cells 25 fj. wide, 100/1 long. Penium polymorphum Perty. In quiet water near Kukak Bay. Cells 22 (JL wide, 35 n long. Very delicately punctate-striate. Penium oblongum De Bary. In a freshwater pond near Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound (302) • Diameter 21 //, length 64/1. Penium digitus (Ehrenb.) Breb. (Plate XLIV, fig. 3.) In quiet water, Virgin Bay. Rare. Diameter 54/4, length 183/1. The plant averages almost a third [401] THE ALG^E 165 smaller in all its parts than the measurements given by various au- thorities. Closterium juncidum Ralfs. In quiet water near Seldovia, Cook Inlet (422). Diameter io,u, length 240/1. The plant is slightly bent, but little contracted toward the ends, which are obtusely rounded ; membranes smooth, light brown ; vacuoles not apparent. Closterium angustatum reticulatum Wolle. Occasional in a freshwater pond near Cook Inlet. Diameter 16-19/1, length 340 /*. The plant is dark brown, marked with delicate longitudinally and spirally arranged striae. Closterium acerosum (Schrank) Ehrenb. (Plate XLIII, fig. 27.) In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 18-29/1, length 200-300/1. Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound. Diameter 29/1, length 265-300/1. Closterium striolatum Ehrenb. In quiet water in Kukak Bay (283). Diameter 25-30/1, length 275-300/1. Closterium brebissonii Delp. In a freshwater pond near Cook Inlet (224). Diameter 18/1, length 650/1. Closterium lunula (Muell.) Nitzsch. Occasional in quiet water near Kukak Bay. Diameter 70/1, length 450/1. Closterium acutum (Lyngb.) Bre"b. In a freshwater pool near Prince William Sound (300) . Diameter 8-9/1, length 85-100/1. The plant is small and slightly bent, ten times as long as broad, tapering from the middle to the rounded ends ; cytoderm smooth and colorless. Closterium dianae Ehrenb. Freshwater pool, Prince William Sound (302) . Only one specimen seen. Diameter 16/1, length i8o/t. Closterium venus Kuetz. (Plate XLIII, fig. 15.) In a pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet (422). Diameter 9/1, length 85/1. Closterium parvulum Naeg. (Plate XLIII, fig. 14.) 1 66 SAUNDERS [402] Very abundant in freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet (424). Diameter S-I2/*, length ioo/*. Tetmemorus brebissonii (Menegh.) Ralfs. In freshwater near Prince William Sound: frequent. Diameter 23^1, length 78^. Tetmemorus laevis ( Kuetz.) Ralfs. In a freshwater stream, Virgin Bay (300) ; Yakutat Bay. Diameter 21-24^, length 91-100 p. The plant is slightly constricted and not at all punctate. Pleurotaenium nodosum (Bail.) Lund. Common in a freshwater pond, Popof Island. Diameter 40-45 //, length 290-325^. Pleurotaenium truncatum (Br£b.) Naeg. In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 45^5 length 216^. Disphinctium cucurbita (Br£b.) Reinsch. In a freshwater pond near Prince William Sound (302). Diameter 27^, length 67^1. Disphinctium connatum (Bre"b.) DeBary. (Plate XLIII, fig. 30.) In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Only one speci- men was seen. Diameter 24^, length 38^. Docidium baculum Br£b. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island. Diameter 27^, length 228 /*. The plant is slightly wider than the description given, but is not at all narrowed as are the other species. Docidium coronulatum Grun. In a freshwater pool near Kukak Bay. Diameter 40^, length 432^. Docidium dilatatum (Cleve.) Lund. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island. Diameter 13^, length 165 y.. The plant has five pearly granules at each end. Docidium gracile Wittr. Triploceras gracile BAIL. Micr. Common in fresh water near Prince William Sound. Diameter 27 ft. The plant has two rows of rather long spines. [403] THE ALG^E 167 Docidium minutum Ralfs. Pleurotanium ? minutum (Ralfs.) Delponte. In freshwater near Prince William Sound. Diameter 1 1 //, length 135 //. Arthrodesmus convergens Ehrenb. (Plate XLIV, fig. 14.) In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet (422). Rare. Diameter 32 /*, length 32/1 without the spines. Xanthidium antilopaeum (Breb.) Kuetz. (Plate XLIII, fig. 38.) In a freshwater pond near Cook Inlet. Diameter 55 ;u, length 55 ft including the spines. The spines near the apex of the semi-cells are more nearly straight than in the figures given of this species. Xanthidium armatum (Br6b.) Ralfs. (Plate XLIV, fig. 18.) In a freshwater pond near Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound. Diameter Si //, length 128 fi. Most of the spines are bifurcated, with the points divergent. Cosmarium granatum Br£b. (Plate XLIII, fig. 8.) In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter i8/w, length 32^1. Cosmarium constrictum Delp. (Plate XLIII, figs. 33, 34.) In a freshwater pool near Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound (300). Diameter 40 /z, length 65^. Cosmarium bioculatum Br£b. (Plate XLIII, fig. 28.) Common in a freshwater pond, Seldovia, Cook Inlet (422). Diameter i6-i8/x, length 17—18^. Cosmarium hammeri Reinsch. (Plate XLIII, fig. 7.) In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet (422). Diameter 10-14^, length 18-22^. Very close to the variety suban- gustatum of Boldt. The angles are a little more acute than in the type ; the apex of the semicells is very emarginate. Cosmarium depressum (Naeg.) Lund. (Plate XLIII, fig. 17.) In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 16-20;^, length i8//. Cosmarium holmiense Lund. (Plate XLIV, fig. 28.) In freshwater near Kukak Bay. Diameter 32 /z, length 54^ Cosmarium venustum (Br6b.) Arch. In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. 1 68 SAUNDERS [404] Diametei iS/*, length 27^. In its measurements the Alaskan plant agrees with Nordstedt's variety induratum but has the form of the type. Cosmarium latum Breb. (Plate XLIV, fig. 4.) In a freshwater pool near Kukak Bay. Diameter 68 /*, length ioo/z. Cosmarium contractum Kirch. (Plate XLIV, fig. 16.) In freshwater near Kukak Bay. Diameter 22 fi, length 22 /*. Cosmarium sexangulare Lund. (Plate XLIII, fig. 39.) In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 27 /^, length 32 ,u. Cosmarium tumidum Lund. (Plate XLIV, fig. 21.) In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 27-30 /jt, length 35—38 /z. Several specimens were found, all of which belong to Kirchner's variety subtile, the cytoderm being deli- cately punctate over the whole surface. Cosmarium parvulum Br£b. (Plate XLIII, fig. 6.) In freshwater, Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound. Diameter 17-19^, length 35-38/1. Some of the specimens have a smooth cytoderm and on some it is delicately punctate. Cosmarium kitchelii Wolle. (Plate XLIV, fig. 17.) In a freshwater pond Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 43 //., length 51^. The plant agrees in all three views with Wolle's description except that the three central rows of granules are neither longer nor more conspicuous than the marginal ones. Cosmarium pyramidatum Breb. ? (Plate XLIII, fig. 40.) In a freshwater pool near Juneau ; Kukak Bay. Diameter 35 /z, length 54 /z, isthmus n ft wide; cell membranes very delicately punctate. Cosmarium pachydermum Lund. (Plate XLIV, fig. 12.) In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 73 /z, length 103 /z. Cosmarium undulatum Corda. (Plate XLIV, fig. 9.) In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet (422). Diameter 38 /z, length 59 /z; cytoderm smooth, edge crenate, ten crenae to a semicell ; sinus enlarged outward. [405] THE ALG^E 169 Cosmarium pseudogranatum Nordst. (Plate XLIII, fig. 21.) In a freshwater pond, Popof Island. Diameter 35 /z, length 51 /z. Cosmarium botrytis Menegh. (Plate XLIII, fig. n.) In freshwater, Popof Island. Diameter 35-43 p-, length 40-52/01. Cosmarium conspersum Ralfs. (Plate XLIII, fig. i.) In a freshwater pond, Cook Inlet (424). Cosmarium caelatum Ralfs. (Plate XLIII, fig. 2.) In a freshwater pond, Glacier Bay ; only one specimen seen. Diameter 40-45 //. Cosmarium portianum nephroideum Wittr. (Plate XLIII, figs. 12, 'SO Freshwater pond, Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 21 //, length 32 /.t; isthmus 9 fj. broad; sinus 5 [i wide. The verrucas are short, absent from the sinus. Cosmarium ochtodes Nordst. (Plate XLIII, fig. 10.) In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 64 /*, length 97 p.. Cosmarium intermedium Delp. (Plate XLIV, fig. i.) In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 74 p, length 66 /*, isthmus 1 2 fj. wide. The plant is cov- ered all over with large pearly granules. Cosmarium subcrenatum Hantzsch. (Plate XLIII, fig. 20.) In freshwater ponds, Glacier Bay ; Kukak Bay. Diameter 26-30 //, length 35-40 ;j.. Cosmarium phaseolus Br6b. (Plate XLIV, fig. 8.) In freshwater near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 24 /*, length 27 n ; sinus 3 /* broad; isthmus 4 fi broad. Cosmarium costatum Nordst. In freshwater near Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound. Diameter 40 /*. Cosmarium pulcherrimum Nordst. (Plate XLIII, figs. 18, 19.) In freshwater near Kukak Bay. Diameter 38 //, length 52 ft. Cosmarium quadrifarium Lund. (Plate XLIII, fig. 22.) In freshwater near Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound. Diameter 33 /*, length 40 p. SAUNDERS L4°6J Cosmarium broomei Thwaites. (Plate XLIII, figs. 26, 35, 36.) In freshwater, Popof Island. Diameter 40 /*, length 40 ft. Cosmarium ornatum Ralf. (Plate XLIII, fig. 3.) Very abundant in a freshwater pond, Kukak Bay ; Cook Inlet. Diameter 32-45 ft, length 38-75 ft. Cosmarium sphalerostichum Nordst. (Plate XLIV, fig. 6.) In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 16 /*, length 16 ft. Cosmarium pseudotaxichondrum Nordst. (Plate XLIII, fig. 5.) In freshwater ponds near Prince William Sound. Diameter 33 /*, length 22 ft. Pleurotaeniopsis pseudoconnata (Nordst.) Lagerh. In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 27 /a, length 38 ft. The sinus is broad and very shallow and the margins distinctly striate ; cytoderm finely punctate ; the end view a perfect circle and the chlorophyll body divided into eight equal arms. Pleurotaeniopsis debaryi (Archer) Lund. (Plate XLIV, fig. 20.) In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 65 /z, length 100 /z, isthmus 40 /z broad. Only one speci- men was found and this agrees with Nordstedt's variety spitsbergensis. Pleurotaeniopsis ralfsii (Br£b.) Lund. In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 54 //., length 70 ft. Staurastrum dejectum Breb. (Plate XLIV, fig. 5.) ( In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet (422). Diameter 21 /*, length 21 ft. Staurastrum dejectum mucronatum (Ralfs) Kirchn. Occurs with the type. Diameter 27 /z, length 27 ft. Staurastrum ravenelii Wood. (Plate XLIV, fig. 29.). In a freshwater pond, Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Staurastrum pygmaeum Breb. In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 27 /*, length 30 ft. Staurastrum calyxoides Wolle. (Plate XLIII, fig. 31.) In freshwater near Prince William Sound (300). Diameter 10 /z, length 20 ft. [407] THE ALG^E Staurastrum furcigerum Breb. In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet (422). Diameter 45 fi, length 50 /z. Staurastrum arctiscon (Ehrenb.) Lund. In a freshwater pool, Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound (302). Common. Diameter 116 /*. Staurastrum polymorphum Br£b. (Plate XLIII, figs. 23, 24.) In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet (402). Diameter 40 /*, length 45 /*. The end view shows four arms rounded at the ends. Staurastrum echinatum (Perty) Rab. (Plate XLIII, fig. 16.) In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Euastrum verrucosum Ehrenb. (Plate XLIII, fig. 9.) In freshwater, Popof Island. Diameter 81 //, length 88 fi. Euastrum gemmatum Breb. In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 40 /*, length 67 //. The plant agrees exactly with Breb- isson's description except that the terminal lobe is not emarginate. Euastrum pokornyanum Grun. In a freshwater pond near Kukak Bay. Diameter 21/1, length 43 fi. The basal lobe of the trilobe semicell is crenate, the terminal lobe subcuneate, truncate and excised ; membrane smooth. Euastrum oblongum (Grev.) Ralfs. (Plate XLIII, fig. 37.) In a freshwater pond near Prince William Sound. Diameter 67 /*, length 130 p.. The semicells are five lobed, all of the lobes having the broad shallow marginal cavity. Euastrum crassum (Bre"b.) Kuetz. (Plate XLIII, fig. 4.) In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 68 //, length 148 /*. Euastrum didelta (Turp.) Ralfs. (Plate XLIV, Fig. 24.) In freshwater near Kukak Bay. Diameter 46-60 /*, length 86-120 /z, sinus 16 /* deep, bridge n ft wide. Euastrum ansatum Ralfs. In a freshwater pond near Yakutat Bay. SAUNDERS [4°8 Diameter 27 //., length 54 p. Euastrum elegans (Breb.) Kuetz. (Plate XLIV, figs. 2, 25, 26, 30.) Common in freshwater near Yakutat Bay ; Prince William Sound ; Popof Island. Diameter 13-15 /*, length 20-30 p.. Euastrum affine Ralfs. (Plate XLIII, fig. 32.) In freshwater material from Glacier Bay. Diameter 60 n wide, length 121 p. Micrasterias trancata (Corda) Ralfs. (Plate XLIV, fig. 7.) In a freshwater pond near Glacier Bay. Diameter 92 //, length 97 p.. Micrasterias oscitans pinnatifida (Kuetz.) Rabenh. (Plate XLIV, fig. 27.) In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 6o//, length 60 p.. Plant is considerably smaller than the measurements given by various authors but agrees perfectly as to shape and markings. Micrasterias rotata (Grev.) Ralfs. (Plate XLIII, fig. 25.) In a freshwater pond, Prince William Sound. Diameter 1 90-220 /i. The plant varies considerably in the length of the processes on the ultimate division of the semicells. Micrasterias denticulata (Br£b.) Ralfs. (Plate XLIV, fig. n.) In a freshwater pond near Kukak Bay. Diameter 90 /*, length no p.. Micrasterias fimbriata elephanta Wolle. (Plate XLIV, fig. 31.) In freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 350 /*, length 350 /*. Micrasterias kitchelii Wolle. (Plate XLIV, fig. 23.) In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 135 p., length 135 p.. Sphaerozosma excavatum spinulosum (Del Ponte) Hansg. In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 8-10^, length n p.. Desmidium swartzii Ag. In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 35 p.. [409] THE ALG^E 173 Gymnozyga (?) longata (Wolle) Nordst. In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 35 /*. Family ZTGNEMACEsE? Spirogyra varians (Hass.) Kuetz. In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. Diameter 38-40 ;i. Spirogyra porticalis (Muell.) Cleve. In running water, Popof Island. Diameter of the zygospores 32-42 /*. CHLOROPHYCEJE. Family PLEUROCOCCA CE^E. Oocystis solitaria crassa (Wittr.) Hansgirg. Forming a mucous coating on damp rocks near waterfalls. Juneau ( 75 ) . Identified by Setchell. Family PROTOCOCCA CE^E. Sphaerella lacustris (Girod.) Wittr. On snow near Yakutat Bay, June 23. This is the so-called " red snow" found in standing rain water and on snow throughout Europe and North America. It was also ob- served by members of the party on Muir Glacier and on snow above Orca, Prince William Sound. Family HTDR OD TCTIA CE^ , Pediastrum boryanum (Turp.) Menegh. In freshwater, Popof Island. Pediastrum angulosum (Ehrenb.) Menegh. Abundant in a freshwater pond, Popof Island. The plant is discoidal, 32-celled, the cells all angled. Family UL VA CE^E. Monostroma fuscum (Post & Rupr.) Wittr. On rocks, Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay (105) ; Sitka (144) ; Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound (277) ; Kukak Bay (315) ; Lowe Inlet (16). 1 Several sterile specimens of Zygnema were collected, but no fruiting material was obtained. SAUNDERS Frond 40-60 fj. thick, dark green, becoming brownish or blackish when dried, not adhering to the paper ; cells in cross-section usually longest at right angles to the surface of the frond. In the Kukak Bay specimens the frond is about 40 fj. thick, and the cells are nearly square in cross section, agreeing with the typical M. fuscum. In the Lowe Inlet specimen the frond is 30^ thick, the cells in cross section somewhat rounded, agreeing with the form known as M. splendens. The color however is duller than usual in that form. Monostroma vahlii J. Ag. Kukak Bay (316). Frond persistently tubular, torn at the top so as to form a flat mem- brane only at a quite late stage; thickness of membrane 15-25/^5 cells about 1 2 fj. in cross section, somewhat arranged in series when seen from the surface. This species has much resemblance in habit to the genus Entero- morpha, at least when young. Monostroma groenlandicum J. Ag. Kukak Bay (346). Frond filiform, opening only at the extreme top, when in fruit ; thickness of membrane 25-30 /* ; cells roundish-angular seen from sur- face, radiately elongate in cross-section. Externally the frond of this species is that of a slender, unbranched Enter omorpha, but the structure is that of Monostroma. It has here- tofore been found only in the Arctic region and along the Atlantic coast, from Greenland to Nahant, Massachusetts. The specimens from Kukak Bay have cells little more than half the size of those in Green- land and New England specimens, otherwise there is no difference. Ulva lactuca rigida (J. Ag.) Le Jolis. Frond usually ovate when young, later becoming of indefinite shape, rather firm. Common in quiet pools, Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound (278) ; Shumagin Islands (396). A very common species, varying in form, texture and dimensions, distributed all over the world. Ulva lactuca myriotrema Le Jolis. On rocks and algae, Sitka (133). Frond pierced with numerous irregular holes. Rather a form than a definite variety. Enteromorpha linza (L.) J. Ag. Yakutat Bay (232). [411] THE ALG^E 175 Frond flattened, the membranes united except for a small space at the margin. Enteromorpha linza forma lanceolate J. Ag. Yakutat Bay (232). Margins smooth and even. Enteromorpha linza forma crispata J. Ag. Sitka (156). Margins and often the whole frond crisped and wavy. This species connects the genera Enteromorpha and Ulva and has perhaps been of tenest placed in the latter ; but its affinities seem to be more with the present genus. Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) Link. Metlakatla, Annette Island (37). Frond simple or with a few proliferations at the base, usually en- larged upward; cells arranged in no definite order, 6-12 p. wide, in cross section radiate, 16-30 p. long, the membrane about twice as thick as the cell length in cross section. Enteromorpha intestinalis forma cylindracea J. Ag. In a protected sandy pool, Kukak Bay with forma maxima (316) ; Sand Point, Popof Island (382). The frond is long, slender, and of nearly uniform diameter through- out its length. Enteromorpha intestinalis form a maxima J. Ag. Orca (311) ; Kukak Bay, with forma cylindracea (316) ; Victoria, British Columbia, a form with small cells and thin membrane, ap- proaching E. minima (12). Frond much inflated, usually contorted. Enteromorpha micrococca Kuetz. On cliff, Orca (305) ; Shumagin Islands (398). Frond simple, tubular, of small size, much contorted ; cells 4-5 /t in diameter; in membrane 18—20 /* thick. This species usually grows in dense masses on rocks between tide marks. Enteromorpha prolifera (Muell.) J. Ag. Annette Island (35). Frond more or less abundantly branched ; branches like main frond, not much smaller ; cells arranged in longitudinal series in all but the oldest parts of the frond. These specimens have few branches. SAUNDERS [412] Enteromorpha crinita (Roth) J. Ag. Wrangell (65); Sitka (155); Prince William Sound (309). Frond abundantly branched, usually with a main stem and virgate branches, with cells in longitudinal series, beset with short, tapering ramuli, the smallest of a single series of very short cells. In specimens from this last locality the habit is that of E. intes- tinalis forma cylindracea, but the structure and the branching are those of E. crinita. Family ULOTHRICHACE^. Ulothrix flacca (Dillw.) Thuret. Glacier Bay (82). Very abundant, forming a dark green coating on rocks and pebbles on the shore, extending up to within a quarter of a mile of the glacier. Cells one-sixth to two-thirds as long as broad ; filaments 20-40 n in diameter. Hormidium parietinum (Vauch.) Kuetz. Yakutat Bay ; St. Paul, Kadiak. Cells one-fourth to one diameter in length, often dividing into two or more lateral series, which may develop into a flat membrane. As now understood, H. parietinum includes two forms that were long considered distinct species, and that in their fully developed con- dition are of quite different habit, — the filiform Ulothrix parietina and the membranaceous Prasiola crispa. In the specimens collected at Yakutat both forms are to be found, each apparently usually occur- ring by itself, but both sometimes together. The frond of the Pra- siola may reach several millimeters in width. The species occurs on damp ground, not like most other algse, submerged. Family (ED O G ONI A CEsE* Oedogonium concatenatum (Ilass.) Wittr. Popof Island. This species was reported by Wolle from Pennsylvania and New Jersey ; I have also observed it in material from Maiden, Mass. Bulbochaete brebissonii Kuetz. In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. This species has not been hitherto known to occur in America. The form reported by Wolle does not belong to this species. 'This family was determined by Dr. K. E. Hirn, of The Royal University of Finland, whose notes are here given in translation. [413] THE ALG^E 177 Bulbochaete intermedia De Bar. In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. This species according to Wolle is generally distributed throughout the United States. Wittrock records it from north Greenland. Bulbochaete nordstedtii Wittr. In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. This species has also been reported by Wittrock from Greenland. I have also found it from Norwich, Conn. Bulbochaete nana Wittr. In a freshwater pond, Shumagin Islands. Reported from north Greenland. The form which Wolle refers to this species belongs, it seems to me, according to his figures, to B. monile. Bulbochaete insignis Pringsh. Wolle reports this species as occurring in many lakes in New Jersey. Family CLADOPHORACEsE. Trentepohlia iolithus (L.) Wallr. Orca, on rocks at 1,000 feet elevation (Trelease). Forming an orange or brick-red coating on rocks; filaments di- chotomously or irregularly branched ; cells 14-20 /* thick in the middle, much constricted at the ends, \yz to 2 times as long as broad, thick- walled. This is the Veilchenstein of the Germans. It grows on rocks, requires little moisture and can withstand prolonged drouth. When moistened it has a distinct violet odor. Urospora penicilliformis (Roth) Aresch. Phycotheca Boreali -Americana, No. 18. Forming a light green coating on cliffs, Kukak Bay (349) . Frond 20-60 p. in diameter ; cells from one-third to three diameters in length, usually constricted at the nodes. Chaetomorpha cannabina (Aresch.) Kjellm. Annette Island (46), filaments light green, more curled than usual, generally 80-1 1 o /* in diameter; Cook Inlet, near Seldovia (417) > less curled, and filaments coarser than in the previous specimens. Filaments light green, 80-150 n in diameter; cells i to 4 times as long as broad. Chaetomorpha melagonium forma rupincola (Aresch.) Kjellm. Yakutat Bay (243). SAUNDERS Filaments dark green, attached at base, 300-500 n in diameter ; cells ij£ to 3 times as long as broad. A large and rather coarse species, abundant throughout the whole Arctic region, and as far south as the cold currents extend in the At- lantic and the Pacific. Rhizoclonium riparium implexum (Dillw.) Rosenvinge. Yakutat Bay (192), floating in large flocculent masses. Rather light green in color ; filaments 20-30 /* in diameter ; cells i to 5 times as long as broad. In these specimens the filaments reach a diameter of 30 fi ; the cells are sometimes five times as long as broad. No rhizoidal branches were noted, thus placing the form as variety implexum. It is difficult to distinguish this variety technically from species of Ck&tomorpha, but all forms of Rhizoclonium have a certain irregularity in form of the cells, which is readily recognized when one becomes familiar with these plants. Cladophora arctica (Dillw.) Kuetz. Glacier Bay (91) ; Ocean Cape, entrance to Yakutat Bay, on rocks (233) ; near Sand Point, Popof Island (381). Filaments 40-90/1 in diameter, straight and rather stiff; branches erect ; basal parts, especially in older plants, emitting numerous slender rhizoidal descending filaments, by which the whole tuft is matted to- gether. Cladophora scopaeformis (Rupr.) Harv. Yakutat Bay (225) ; Sitka, on exposed rocky points (185) ; Kukak Bay (320, 327), on rocks exposed to direct washing of the waves. Filaments 100-200 fj. in diameter, straight and stiff ; branches erect, all but the youngest parts attached to each other by short hooked branches, forming long, simple or branching, slender tufts, from 2 to 10 mm. in diameter. This is a characteristic species of the coast from California north- ward, resembling a larger and coarser C. arctica in its later stages. Cladophora flexuosa (Griff.) Harv. Filaments pale green, flexuous, sparingly branched, 20-60 /* in di- ameter ; cells 2 to 3 times as long as broad ; ultimate ramuli short, curved, usually secund. The determination of these specimens is based on their resemblance to No. 206. Alg. Am.-Bor. Exsicc. The species is found on both [415] THE ALG^E 179 sides of the Atlantic, but appears not to have been previously reported from the Pacific. The following specimens of Cladophora can be noted by numbers only, specific determination being impracticable at present. Annette Island (17, 45, 48); Wrangell (56); on rocks, Glacier Bay (86) ; forming masses on rocks, Sitka (157) ; on protected side of exposed rocks. Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound (295). Family GOMONTIACEsE. Gomontia polyrhiza (Lagerh.) Born. & Flah. Popof Island. Basal layer growing in the substance of marine shells, erect filaments extending to the surface, zoospores formed in sporangia. Family DERBESIA CE^&. Derbesia vaucheriaeformis (Harv.) J. Ag. On a sponge in Yakutat Bay (234). Filaments 30-40 fj. in diameter, simple below, dichotomous above, branches patent, 20—30 n wide, often with a cuboidal cell near the base ; zoosporangia ovoid or pyriform, 140-200 by 50-80 //, short-pedi- celled. As there are no mature spores on this specimen, there is a possible doubt as to the identification, but the characters agree well with the species named. Derbesia marina (Lyng.) Kjellm. Sitka, in quiet water (149). Filaments 50-60 p. in diameter at the thickest, tapering slightly ; sparingly branched laterally, usually two partitions found at the base of each branch, enclosing a short cell; zoosporangia 150-180 by 90- 1 20 p., short pediclled. Family VAUCHERIACE^. Vaucheria sessilis (Vauch.) DC. On an overhanging dripping cliff, Juneau (74). Filaments up to 70 ft in diameter ; oogonia usually two or three to- gether, sessile, ovate or ovate-oblong, about 60—150 /*, beaked; anther- idia in the vicinity of the oogonia, formed at the end of a short, hooked or curved ramulus. With antheridia and oogonia. I8o SAUNDERS [4*6] Family CODIACE^E. Codium adhaerens (Cabr.) Ag. Dredged at Kadiak, at 15 meters depth (350). This species usually grows between tide marks and its occurrence at this depth is exceptional. Forming flat expansions, adherent by the lower surface. Codium mucronatum californicum J. Ag. Sitka (170). Forming a terete, dichotomously branching, fleshy, erect thallus ; filaments tipped with a short mucron. Family CHARACEsE.1 Chara contraria A. Braun. In ponds and streams near Glacier Bay, very abundant (300) . Chara fragilis Desv. In a freshwater pond, Shumagin Islands (400) . Nitella acuminata subglomerata A. Braun. In a fresh water pond near Prince William Sound (300). Nitella opaca Ag. ? In a freshwater pond near Kadiak (419). PHJEOPHYCE^;. Family E CTO CAR PA CE^S. Phycocelis baltica (Reinke) Foslie. Forming minute tufts one mm. or less in diameter on Ralfsia deusta. Sitka (1690:). The erect filaments are unbranched, 200-300 {j. long by 5-7 (j. wide ; cells 8-10 it long; plurilocular sporangia 60-80 /* long, 6-9 p. wide, borne on a 3~5-celled stalk, containing 20-30 uniseriate zoospores. Streblonema minutissima sp. nov. (Plate XLV, fig. 3.) Plant composed of penetrating filaments ramifying through the cortical filaments of the host, from which arise short erect filaments intermingled with the peripheral filaments of the host, which are once or twice dichotomously branched bearing above a few short branches that become transformed into uniseriate plurilocular spor- angia 20-30 fi long by 3-5 [i wide. determined by Dr. T. F. Allen. [417] THE ALG^E l8l In the branches of Liebmannia sp. from Sitka (i42<5). A very minute plant the erect branches of which might easily be taken for a part of the host plant. The penetrating filaments are 1-2 ft wide, short, sparingly branched ; cross partitions few and inconspicu- ous, at intervals closely applied to the host cells ; no hairs or unilocu- lar sporangia were observed. Streblonema pacifica sp. nov. (Plate XLV, fig. la and i<5.) Plant composed of irregular branching horizontal threads, from which arise mostly unicellular, haustoria-like filaments which pene- trate into the host plant, and erect filaments arising at right angles to the horizontal ones ; cells of the horizontal filaments 4-8 ^ wide, twice as long as the diameter ; erect filaments short, unbranched or once di- chotomous, 30—70 fj. long, most of them bearing a narrow elliptical plu- rilocular sporangium 5 fi and 13 At, which contains about five uniseriate zoospores. The plant forms circular dark brown patches 2-4 mm. in diameter on the sporophylls of Alaria. Related to Streblonema minu- tulum of Heydrich, but larger in all its measurements. Yakutat Bay (438). Streblonema irregularis sp. nov. (Plate XLV, fig. 2.) Plant consisting of irregularly branching surface filaments applied closely to the host plant, from which arise numerous simple or spar- ingly branched erect filaments 1-2 mm. high, 9-14 p wide, cells as long to twice as long as broad ; from the surface filaments, filaments 10-14 fi wide, with cells a little shorter or longer than broad, penetrate the substratum irregularly ; plurilocular sporangia linear, lanceolate or ovate, terminal or lateral on the erect filament, 14-18 fi wide, 55-70 p long ; no unilocular sporangia observed. Forming small brown patches on the bulbs of Nereocystis pria^us, Sitka (164). This plant is closely related to Streblonema stilophorea in its gen- eral appearance and method of branching, but differs from it in the shape of the sporangia and the chromatophores of the vegetative fila- ments which are small, round and numerous in this species. Ectocarpus tomentosus (Huds.) Lyngb. Abundant on Fucus evanescens, Sitka harbor (166), and Victoria, British Columbia (49). The rope-like tufts of the Alaskan specimens are fully as long as those from the Atlantic ocean, while the specimens from the Califor- nia coast are rarely over three mm. in length. SAUNDERS [4I8 Ectocarpus confervoides (Roth) Le Jol. On rocks in Yakutat Bay (226^). This plant comes very close to the typical form of the species, it is 10 or more centimeters long, closely intertwined, the branches few, ateral, and secund, 20-40 jj. broad at the base, the ultimate ones short and pointed ; plurilocular sporangia ovate, sessile or short stalked, borne laterally on the main branches, especially abundant on the short ultimate ones, 20-30^, by 40-80^ long. Ectocarpus confervoides corticulatus Saunders. Ectocarpus corticulatus SAUNDERS, Phyc. Mem. 152. pi. 20. On Desmarestia aculeata, Popof Island (368). This species is the same as that described from the California coast though the tufts are longer, and only the main filaments and the lower part of the long primary filaments are uniformly corticated. After examining a large amount of material of this and several other varie- ties of E. confervoides the writer is convinced that E, corticulatus should be considered as a variety of E. confervoides. The plant is of a light olive green, forming flocculent tufts a few mm. to 5 cm. or more in length, the main filament and lower part of the primary branches densely corticated, 60—100 /j. broad, ultimate branches short, bearing numerous ovate plurilocular sporangia 16-25^ broad, and 40-70 p. long. Ectocarpus confervoides pygmaeus (Aresch.) Kjellm. Forming a velvety covering or minute tufts on various algae, from Puget Sound to the Shumagin Islands. Yakutat Bay (439) ; Shumagin Islands (386). The plant is 2-15 mm. high, sparingly branched ; filaments 10-20 p broad, 2 to 3 times as long. Pylaiella littoralis (L.) Kjellm. acuta, form. nov. Plant 3-10 cm. or more long, loosely disposed ; main filaments 25- 40 (i wide, branches few, alternate or opposite, ultimate filaments short, pointed, but not pilate ; unilocular sporangia in the ultimate branches 18-24 P- broad, 5-15 or more in a chain. This plant agrees with the variety opposita Kjellm. in its general ap- pearance but is smaller in all its parts and is not pilate. Very abundant from Wrangell westward to the Aleutian Islands. Kukak Bay (322). The plants form large loose tufts on Fucus evanescens macrocephala and occasionally on rocks in all quiet coves. In several instances it was found extending up brooks much beyond the mean tide level. In [419] THE ALG^E 183 fact it seemed to be most abundant and to reach its best development in quiet waters at the mouths of brooks where the percent of salt must be perceptibly reduced. Pylaiella littoralis varia (Kjellm.) Kuck. Common on rocks, and on Fucus and other algae in quiet water from Puget Sound to Bering Sea. Victoria, Juneau, Yakutat and Shumagin Islands. This form is i-io cm. in length, a light faded brown in color, very intricate, the ultimate branches short and standing at right angles to the axis. Pylaiella littoralis densa Saunders. The plant forms rope-like masses 2-4 cm. or more long on Fucus and other algae. Victoria, Sitka, Prince William Sound (294), Shuma- gin Islands (386). Pylaiella littoralis macrocarpa (Foslie) Kjellm. On fruiting tips of Fucus evanescens macrocephalus, Victoria. The plant is 1-3 mm. or more long, the branches and the upper part of the main filament, except for a few-celled stalk at the base and one of the cells at the tip, form plurilocular sporangia. No unilocular sporangia were observed. Family SPHACELARIACE^E. Sphacelaria cirrosa (Roth) Ag. Forming small light olive tufts on Fucus evanescens, Annette Island. Sphacelaria racemosa arctica (Harv.) Reinke. Wrangell (70) ; Yakutat Bay (195) ; Prince William Sound (283). Forming dark olive-brown, densely tufted mats sometimes several cm. wide and i cm. high ; unilocular sporangia abundant on all ma- terial collected at the various stations. Family ENCOELIACE^. Homeostroma undulatum J. Ag. (Plate XLVI, fig. 3.) On Zoostera marina in a quiet cove near Seldovia, Cook Inlet (412). Fruiting plants 3 cm. long, 1-3 mm. wide. The plurilocular sporangia project little if at all above the surface of the plant and are massed together more than is indicated in Reinke's figures. The single hairs are very scarce on all the Pacific coast material. !84 SAUNDERS [42°] Homeostroma lobatum sp. nov. (Plate XLVI, figs. 60, 6£, 6c.) Plant broadly linear, lanceolate or ovate, 10 or more cm. long, 1-5 cm. wide, narrowed below to a short stipe, dark olive-brown; the edges deeply and irregularly lobed, the lobes irregularly cut and divided ; unilocular sporangia scattered over the whole surface of the plant. Attached to Zostera marina. Sitka (114) ; Prince William Sound (296). Cross sections of the young plants were two cells thick, those of the older plants 4 cells thick, the central cells slightly larger than the outer but not at all elongated. No plurilocular sporangia were observed. Homeostroma latifolium (Grev.) J. Ag. Occasional in quiet sandy coves. Annette Island (39) ; Sitka (143) ; Popof Island (367). Punctaria plantaginea Grev. On exposed rocks near entrance to Yakutat Bay (229). The plant is 4-10 mm. wide, and 5-10 cm. long. Both unilocular and plurilocular sporangia are abundant. Some of the specimens approach Foslie's variety linearis.1 Myelophycus intestinalis sp. nov. (Plate XLVII.) Plant dark reddish brown, loosely caespitose, cylindrical, hollow with age, much twisted and intestiniform, narrowed below to a dis- tinct solid stipe, 5-1 2 mm. long ; the inner layer of tissue composed of long colorless cells, the intermediate layer composed of 2—4 irregu- larly arranged rows of thick-walled cuboidal cells giving rise to broad coarse paraphyses composed of 4-8 thick-walled cells ; sporangia very abundant, elliptical or obovate, scattered irregularly throughout the frond, 45-60 /z long, 20—30^ wide, arising like the paraphyses from the intermediate layer of tissue. Attached to rocks in the sublittoral zone from Puget Sound to the Shumagin Islands. More abundant in quiet coves. Glacier Bay (113); Sitka (192); Yakutat (252); Popof Island (359); Puget Sound (Gardner 215). This plant was at first referred tentatively by the writer to Foslie's Chordaria attenuata. Foslie states 2 however that this plant is a form of Scytosiphon ; Mr. F. S. Collins has kindly examined specimens of Foslie's plant and agrees that it is a Scytosiphon and quite distinct from the Pacific plant. M. intestinalis is less firm in texture and is lighter colored than Kjellman's M. ccespitosa\ in cross section the 'Foslie, Om Nogle Arctiske Havalger. *Nya Havalger, Vol. 13 : 97. [421] THE ALG^E 185 paraphyses are much broader and shorter, and the sporangia broader than in AI. ccespitosa and the central layer of tissue composed of only 2—4 rows of cells while in M. ccespitosa there are 10 or more rows. The plant so closely resembles Scytosiphon lomentarius in color and general appearance that it has probably been passed over by col- lectors. It is however somewhat firmer in texture and not at all con- stricted. Specimens collected from Puget Sound averaged much smaller than those collected farther north. From Sitka northward the plant is more abundant than Scytosiphon lomentarius. Scytosiphon lomentarius (Lyngb.) J. Ag. Abundant, Puget Sound; Annette Island (40) ; Glacier Bay; Sitka (892); Yakutat Bay (2290); KukakBay; Shumagin Islands (360). Scytosiphon lomentarius complanatus Rosenv. Juneau ; Glacier Bay (98). Scytosiphon bullosus Saunders. On rocks in the sublittoral zone, Sitka (145) ; Cook Inlet (408). Heretofore this species was known only from the type locality, Monterey Bay. (Am. Alg. 251.) Phyllitis fascia (Muell.) Kuetz. Abundant in protected places in the littoral zone from Puget Sound to the Shumagin Islands. Annette Island (41); Glacier Bay (94) Yakutat Bay (220) ; Kukak Bay (319) ; Cook Inlet (409, 410). The specimens from the northern localities are much larger than the average plant from the California coast and the Atlantic coast of North America. Those from Cook Inlet are 20-35 cm. long and 2-4 cm. wide. Colpomenia sinuosa (Roth) Derb. & Sol. On Cystophyllum lepidum, Prince William Sound (268) ; Yakutat Bay (420). This widely distributed and usually common species was seen but twice during the trip. It is common in quiet coves from Puget Sound to southern California. Coilodesme linearis sp. nov. (Plate XLVIII.) Phycotheca Boreali-Americana No. 824. Plant linear, tubular, olive brown, 8-20 cm. long, narrowed below to a short stalk (1-2 mm. long) ; tissues thin and delicate, composed of three to four layers of cells ; unilocular sporangia scattered singly throughout the plant, 11-14^ wide, 15-20/1 long. On Cystophyllum lepidum, Popof Island (399) ; Kukak Bay l86 SAUNDERS [422] The plant is attached to the host in great numbers. It differs from C. californica in its shape, size and the size of the unilocular spo- rangia. The tissue is more delicate, being composed of from two to three layers of colorless cells, a single row of endodermal cells and one of poorly differentiated epidermal cells. Coilodesme californica (Rupr.) Kjellm. Occasional on Systophyllum lepidum from Puget Sound to Yakutat Bay. Victoria ; Annette Island (38) ; Wrangell (58) ; Yakutat Bay (224). No fruiting plants were seen, but the shape and structure of the specimens obtained are the same as in those of the California coast. It is much less abundant in southern Alaska than on the shores of Califor- nia and apparently is wholly replaced further north by C. linearis. Coilodesme bulligera Stroemf . Abundant on rocks in the littoral zone in quiet coves, from Puget Sound to the Aleutian Islands. Wrangell (58) ; Yakutat Bay (222) ; Prince William Sound (282, 312) ; Kukak Bay (345^) ; Shumagin Islands (3900;). Soranthera ulvoides Post & Rupr. Saunders, Phyc. Mem. 165. PI. 29, fig. 4 and 5. Abundant in the littoral and sublittoral zone, in rather quiet pro- tected places, on rocks, Rhodomela larix, and Rhodamea floccosa. Victoria (2) ; Wrangell (69, 120, 162) ; Yakutat Bay. Family DESMARESTIACE^Z. Desmarestia viridis (Muel.) Lamour. In the ellittoral and sublittoral zones, Glacier Bay (no) ; Prince William Sound (274) ; not uncommon but less abundant than the next species. Desmarestia aculeata (L.) Lamour. One of the most abundant of plants in the ellittoral and sublittoral zones from Puget Sound to the Aleutian Islands. Victoria (8) ; Sitka (iSo^ ) ; Wrangell ; Yakutat Bay (226^ ) ; Kukak Bay (322^ ) ; Shumagin Islands (369). Family DICTTOSIPHONA CE^E. Dictyosiphon freniculaceus (Huds.) Grev. A common plant on rocks, Scytosiphon and other plants from Puget Sound to Bering Strait. Annette Island (42) ; Wrangell (59) ; [423] THE ALG^E 187 Juneau (72) ; Prince William Sound (285) ; Shumagin Islands (341) ; Glacier Bay (96). Family EL A CHISTA CE^. Elachista lubrica Rupr. Phycotheca Boreali-Americana No. 828. On Rhodymenia palmata in the littoral zone. Wrangell (66) ; Glacier Bay (83) (101) ; Prince William Sound (306) ; Yakutat Bay (242). Family CHORDARIACE^E. Myrionema strangulans Grev. (Plate XLVI, figs, i, 2.) On Ulva lactuca. Sitka (146). Abundant also on the California coast. Eudesme virescens (Carm.) J. Ag. Not uncommon on rocks and Zostera marina in the sublittoral and littoral zones. Sitka (115-177); Glacier Bay (194); Shumagin Islands (406^) ; Prince William Sound (284). The specimens from Prince William Sound are somewhat doubt- fully referred to this species. The plant is much smaller than the other specimens, much more branched throughout and of a light yellow color, resembling in these respects Zanardini's E. Jla-vescens. The micro- scopic structure however is identical with that of E. virescens. Leathesia difformis (L.) Aresch. On rocks and algae in the littoral zone from Puget Sound to the Shumagin Islands. Victoria (2^) ; Annette Island (32) ; Wrangell (70^) ; Sitka (142) ; Yakutat Bay (254). Mesogloia simplex sp. nov. (Plate L, figs. 3, 4.) Plant soft mucous, olive-brown, unbranched, tubular or intestini- form, hollow, rounded above, narrowed below to a short indistinct stipe ; central filaments few, distinct, irregularly branched ; peripheral filament short, simple, 2— 3— 4-celled ; unilocular sporangia ovate or elliptical, pyriform, 15-25 n by 25-35 /*» arising from the subcortical area. In structure this plant very closely resembles Gobia, agreeing closely with Gobi's figure and description, but lacks the parenchymatous structure of that genus. It is no doubt one of the Chordariacece, which is given this somewhat provisional name until the plurilocular sporangia are found. Attached to old worn plants of Chordaria abietina. Sitka (128). 192 SAUNDERS species of kelp that he at once took to represent a new genus. The locality was visited for three successive mornings during the lowest tides and although an abundance of material was washed ashore the plant was not found in situ. Several other points in the bay were visited but no sign of the plant was found. If it grows off the shore on which it was collected, and the condition of the material collected would indicate that it does, it must grow well down in the elittoral zone, for twice a careful search was made along the whole shore line at the lowest tide, where one could get out beyond the " kelp line." The location in which the plant was collected and the frayed and torn condition of the ends of the blade would indicate that it grows in ex- posed localities. In all specimens collected the stipe was broken off apparently just above the holdfast. The only holdfast seen was on an almost perfect specimen (from which Plate LII was drawn) collected by Miss J. E. Tilden in Puget Sound. Pleurophycus has no midrib in a proper sense, but has a broad shal- low furrow indented on one surface and prominent on the other, the surface of which is little thicker than that of the adjacent portion of blade, except in the region of the sorus. This plant was first collected by Mr. N. L. Gardner in Puget Sound in the summer of 1898 and sent to Dr. Setchell for identification. Dr. Setchell recognized it at once as a new genus and gave it the above manuscript name. The writer not knowing of Dr. Setchell's name gave his specimen a provisional name, but on learning from Mr. Gard- ner of a previous name offered his specimens for comparison to Dr. Setchell, who at once suggested the joint authorship of the name. Referring to the distribution of the plant Dr. Setchell writes " while Pleurophycus may grow in the elittoral zone, all the evidence in Gardner's and my possession shows that it extends even to the upper sublittoral, as is the case with so many species credited to the elittoral, Gardner found them just below low water mark, but in places much exposed to the fury of the waves. Several of Gardner's specimens have holdfasts which show several whorls of hapteres branched in a somewhat irregularly dichotomous fashion and several times, the distal branches being slender. Pleurophycus stands as the simplest of the subtribe Agaretz, forming something of a transition between that subtribe and the Laminariece. Laminaria bullata Kjellman. In the sublittoral zone. Puget Sound ; Sitka (188) ; Prince William Sound. All specimens collected were quite young and sterile but agree with Kjellman's figures and descriptions. [429] THE ALGJE 1 93 Laminaria bongardiana P. & R. Abundant in the sublittoral zone, from Sitka to Shumagin Islands. Sitka (186) ; Prince William Sound; Kukak Bay (337). Laminaria solidungula J. Ag. Occasional in the sublittoral zone from Yakutat Bay northward and westward. Yakutat Bay (260) ; Kukak Bay (337) ; Popof Island All specimens collected were sterile and of small size ; the blade averages 6 dm. long, 3 dm. broad; the stipe is about 17 cm. broad, firm, thick and abundantly supplied with mucous canals as are the broad flattened rhizoids which are fused almost to the tips to form a disk- like attachment. Laminaria cuneifolia J. Ag. Two specimens of this species were collected from a small rock on Popof Island (387). The rock had apparently been washed up from the sublittoral zone. The blade is very distinctly wedge-shaped, thin, papyraceous, light olive-green, and very brittle in drying, quite regu- larly wavy on the margin ; the stipe is black, very firm, rounded be- low and slightly flattened above, 6-10 cm., the rhizoids are long and slender, resembling those of L. saccharina. Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lam. Abundant in the sublittoral zone from Puget Sound to the Shumagin Islands. Two forms were collected. Forma (a). Blade 300-800 cm. long, cuneate at base, 20-40 cm. wide ; stipe 3-5 cm. long, texture thin, papyraceous or membranace- ous, drying light-green; sori usually small, 1-3 dm., irregular, con- fined to the upper part of the frond ; muciferous canals small, abun- dant in blade and stipe. Glacier Bay (77); Sitka; Wrangell (63); Yakutat Bay; Cook Inlet ; Shumagin Islands. Forma (£). Blade 50-1 50 cm. long, 5-10 cm. wide; stipe 1-3 cm. long, submembranaceous to coriaceous ; sorus occurring as a band in the central part of the blade, extending from a few centimeters to two- thirds the length of the blade ; muciferous canals abundant in blade. Prince William Sound (259^ ) 5 Kukak Bay (337). Hedophyllum sessile (Ag.) Setchell. — (Plate LI.) Laminaria. sessilis AG., Syst. Alg., p. 270. TILDEN, Am. Alg., 344. This species was collected in the sublittoral zone in Yakutat Bay the latter part of July. SAUNDERS |_426J Alaria lanceolata Kjellm. (Plate LIII.) In the sublittoral zone. Glacier Bay (in) ; Sitka Harbor (178). The specimens obtained agree well with Kjellman's description, and specimens submitted to him were pronounced to be this species, which is easily recognized by the tufts of long cryptostomata which in no other species are so large and abundant. Alaria cordata Tilden. (Plate LVI.) In the sublittoral zone on exposed point of an island opposite the entrance to Yakutat Bay (230). The plant was growing in great abundance at this station but was not seen again on the trip. The writer's specimens are certainly identical with Miss Tilden's plant, of which, by her kindness, he has seen both herbarium and for- malin specimens. There is also in the writer's herbarium a young plant of this species, from Puget Sound, collected by Mr. N. L. Gard- ner and labelled by Dr. Setchell Alaria esculenta ?. The stipe is of medium length (15 cm.), round, dark and firm; rachis short and broad. The blade is oblong, lanceolate (250-450 cm. long), somewhat undulate, plicate, light olive-green, firm ; midrib pro- truding equally on both sides ; medulla slightly swollen near the mar- gins; sporophylls few (7-10 on a side), arising seriately on a short stalk, broadly linear, ovate, cuneate or somewhat cordate at the base ; obtuse or occasionally acute above, sporangia covering most of the sur- face, 25-40 cm. long, 3-6 cm. wide. Alaria fistulosa Post & Rupr. (Plate LVII.) The first specimen of this large and interesting plant was a fragment of the midrib washed ashore near Wrangell. At Juneau several much worn specimens were obtained but no plants were found in situ. In Glacier Bay it was abundant from the lower part of the sublittoral zone to a quarter of a mile from the shore. Although some immature plants measured 12 feet in length the plant does not reach the size nor is it as abundant as farther north. In Yakutat Bay, Prince William Sound, and Cook Inlet a few fragments were found washed ashore but no mature specimens were seen growing. This may be due to the fact that all landings were made in protected places in the bays while this plant loves considerable exposure. Near the mouth of Kukak Bay there are numerous reefs 5-10 fathoms or more below the surface. These reefs are marked by patches of this species, sometimes an acre or more in extent. The plant not only reaches the surface but floats for several meters on the surface. The plant is of a very dark olive-brown color, the blade being broadly linear, thin, papery, and smooth, 2-8 or 10 dm. broad ; the [427] THE ALG^E 19! midrib is 15-40 or more mm. broad, the central part inflated, and di- vided by narrow septa into air vesicles of various lengths ; near the base of the blade the septa become indistinct and then disappear, the inflations also disappear some distance above the transition point ; the stipe is short (5-10 cm. long), black, solid, and rounded at the base, flattened above and gradually passing into the rachis, which is broad and short ; sporophylls very numerous, crowded, spatulate, elliptical or obovate, rounded at the ends and narrowed below to a stipe of con- siderable length (2-4 cm.) ; fruiting area covering nearly the entire surface of the sporophyll. No complete specimens of mature plants were measured but many fragments were cast ashore having a blade which measured 3—7 meters in length and 4-10 dm. in width. De Toni l credits this species, on the authority of Dr. Anderson, to California. Dr. Anderson informed the writer that he had seen no specimens from the California coast and had no record of its occur- rence there. He admitted that several of the Laminar iaccce credited in his list to the northern coast of California had been included in the belief that they might occur there. Pleurophycus gen. nov. Setchell & Saunders. (Plate LII.) Plant attached to the substratum by hapteres, consisting of a single un- divided blade with one central distinct midrib; no perforations or auricles at the base of the blade; stipe simple; muciferous canals wanting ; fruiting area confined to the midrib ; sporangia and para- physes as in Laminaria. Pleurophycus gardneri sp. nov. Setchell & Saunders. (Plate LII.) Tilden'sAm. Alg., No. 346. Blade broadly linear in outline, tapering below to the transition point, 7-12 dm. and more long, 12-25 cm. wide, thin and soft, stri- ate and " lung like," wrinkled or somewhat regularly pleated near the midrib giving it a bullate appearance which disappears near the base of the blade ; midrib broad (3-7 cm.) and flat, 2 mm. thick, narrow above and below; stipe dark brown, drying black (3-7 dm.), firm and solid, round below, much flattened above and gradually pass- ing into the midrib ; sorus single, covering the upper part of the midrib. Yakutat Bay (236) ; Puget Sound (450). On June 26, 1899, on an island opposite the entrance to Yakutat Bay the writer collected a few fragments of a plant washed up with several » Syll. Alg. 3: 322. 192 SAUNDERS species of kelp that he at once took to represent a new genus. The locality was visited for three successive mornings during the lowest tides and although an abundance of material was washed ashore the plant was not found in situ. Several other points in the bay were visited but no sign of the plant was found. If it grows off the shore on which it was collected, and the condition of the material collected would indicate that it does, it must grow well down in the elittoral zone, for twice a careful search was made along the whole shore line at the lowest tide, where one could get out beyond the " kelp line." The location in which the plant was collected and the frayed and torn condition of the ends of the blade would indicate that it grows in ex- posed localities. In all specimens collected the stipe was broken off apparently just above the holdfast. The only holdfast seen was on an almost perfect specimen (from which Plate LII was drawn) collected by Miss J. E. Tilden in Puget Sound. Pleurophycus has no midrib in a proper sense, but has a broad shal- low furrow indented on one surface and prominent on the other, the surface of which is little thicker than that of the adjacent portion of blade, except in the region of the sorus. This plant was first collected by Mr. N. L. Gardner in Puget Sound in the summer of 1898 and sent to Dr. Setchell for identification. Dr. Setchell recognized it at once as a new genus and gave it the above manuscript name. The writer not knowing of Dr. SetchelPs name gave his specimen a provisional name, but on learning from Mr. Gard- ner of a previous name offered his specimens for comparison to Dr. Setchell, who at once suggested the joint authorship of the name. Referring to the distribution of the plant Dr. Setchell writes " while Pleurophycus may grow in the elittoral zone, all the evidence in Gardner's and my possession shows that it extends even to the upper sublittoral, as is the case with so many species credited to the elittoral, Gardner found them just below low water mark, but in places much exposed to the fury of the waves. Several of Gardner's specimens have holdfasts which show several whorls of hapteres branched in a somewhat irregularly dichotomous fashion and several times, the distal branches being slender. Pleurophycus stands as the simplest of the subtribe Agarece, forming something of a transition between that subtribe and the Laminariece. Laminaria bullata Kjellman. In the sublittoral zone. Puget Sound ; Sitka (188) ; Prince William Sound. All specimens collected were quite young and sterile but agree with Kjellman's figures and descriptions. [429] THE ALG^E Ip3 Laminaria bongardiana P. & R. Abundant in the sublittoral zone, from Sitka to Shumagin Islands. Sitka (186) ; Prince William Sound; Kukak Bay (337). Laminaria solidungula J. Ag. Occasional in the sublittoral zone from Yakutat Bay northward and westward. Yakutat Bay (260) ; Kukak Bay (337) ; Popof Island (387^)- All specimens collected were sterile and of small size ; the blade averages 6 dm. long, 3 dm. broad; the stipe is about 17 cm. broad, firm, thick and abundantly supplied with mucous canals as are the broad flattened rhizoids which are fused almost to the tips to form a disk- like attachment. Laminaria cuneifolia J. Ag. Two specimens of this species were collected from a small rock on Popof Island (387). The rock had apparently been washed up from the sublittoral zone. The blade is very distinctly wedge-shaped, thin, papyraceous, light olive-green, and very brittle in drying, quite regu- larly wavy on the margin ; the stipe is black, very firm, rounded be- low and slightly flattened above, 6-10 cm., the rhizoids are long and slender, resembling those of L. saccharina. Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lam. Abundant in the sublittoral zone from Puget Sound to the Shumagin Islands. Two forms were collected. Forma (a). Blade 300-800 cm. long, cuneate at base, 20-40 cm. wide ; stipe 3-5 cm. long, texture thin, papyraceous or membranace- ous, drying light-green; sori usually small, 1-3 dm., irregular, con- fined to the upper part of the frond ; muciferous canals small, abun- dant in blade and stipe. Glacier Bay (77); Sitka; Wrangell (63); Yakutat Bay; Cook Inlet; Shumagin Islands. Forma (3). Blade 50—150 cm. long, 5-10 cm. wide ; stipe 1-3 cm. long, submembranaceous to coriaceous ; sorus occurring as a band in the central part of the blade, extending from a few centimeters to two- thirds the length of the blade ; muciferous canals abundant in blade. Prince William Sound (259^ ); Kukak Bay (337). Hedophyllum sessile (Ag.) Setchell. — (Plate LI.) Laminaria sessilis AG., Syst. Alg., p. 270. TILDEN, Am. Alg., 344. This species was collected in the sublittoral zone in Yakutat Bay the latter part of July. SAUNDERS [430] The young plants have a short distinct flat stipe 1-2 cm. long and 5 or more mm. broad, the stipe soon disappears or becomes attached to the substratum by its whole length, the old blades are a foot or two in length, irregularly longitudinally torn above, bullate and folded in the lower part. Hedophyllum subsessile (Aresch.) Setchell (Mss.). Laminaria bongardiana subsessilis ARESCH., Obs. Phyc. 4 : 5. Abundant in exposed places, from Puget Sound northward. Yaku- tat Bay (218); Prince William Sound (259); Kukak Bay (337^). This plant, heretofore considered a form of L. bongardiana, is made the type of a new genus by Dr. Setchell, on account of the prostrate rhizome. The creeping rhizome-like affair is apparent only in old, well developed plants. The stalk is always short, 1—4 or 5 cm., and in ma- ture plants much flattened above, in old specimens being as much as 2 cm. or more wide. The blade is dark brown, thick and leathery, reaching a length of 3 or more meters. It is usually split nearly to the base into 3 somewhat equal parts each one of which is more or less irregularly cut and torn. Cymathere triplicate (Post & Rupr.) J. Ag. Abundant from Puget Sound to Shumagin Islands. This species is gregarious and usually found pretty well down in the sublittoral zone or in the upper part of the elittoral zone. While not of extreme size this plant forms a large part of the kelp flora in many places. Agarum gmelini Mert. (Plate LXI.) In the sublittoral and elittoral zones in exposed localities. This spe- cies and Desmarestia aculeata form the majority of the elittoral flora in many places. Prince William Sound ; Yakutat Bay ; Kukak Bay ; Popof Island. In mature specimens the outline is rotund or reniform and the mid- rib broad and flat. Three specimens from different localities gave the following meas- urements. Blade. Stipe. Midrib. Length. Width. Length. Width. Width. cm. cm. cm. mm. mm. 60 80 17 IO 12 60 60 60 60 15 wanting 10 «4 12 [43 J] THE Agarum turned (Post & Rupr.). Abundant in the sublittoral zone. Yakutat Bay (2000) ; Prince William Sound (261) ; Popof Island. This species differs from the last chiefly in its smaller size, more ovate outline, and the much narrower midrib. Its relationship would probably be better expressed by placing it as a variety rather than a distinct species. Costaria turner! Grev. Abundant in the sublittoral zone from Puget Sound to the Shumagin Islands. Victoria ; Sitka (187) ; Yakutat Bay ; Prince William Sound ; Kukak Bay ; Shumagin Islands. The plant reaches a much larger size on the Alaska coast than on the California and Washington coast. Specimens were seen measuring from 1 80 to 220 cm. in length and 50 cm. wide at the base. Eisenia arborea Aresch. A broken fragment of this plant was obtained at Wrangell and several specimens were obtained in Puget Sound. Macrocystis pyrifera (Turn.) Ag. (Plate LX.) In the elittoral zone off rocky points and in unprotected places. Wrangell; Sitka (171, 189) ; Juneau. Although a constant watch was kept for this plant it was not seen north of Sitka. Nereocystis priapus (Gmelin) Saunders. (Plates LVIII, LIX.) Ulva priapus GMELIN, Hist. Fucorum, 231, 1768. Nereocystis lutkeanus MERT. FIL. in Linnaea, p. 48, 1829. Abundant from Puget Sound to the Shumagin Islands. The plant is seldom found growing in protected places, being confined to the elit- toral zone at the mouth of bays and in the open ocean from a few yards to a mile or more from shore. The plant, unlike Macrocystis pyrifera and Alaria fistulosa, does not form floating masses. Mature plants measure from 50-70 feet long, about two-thirds of which is the long tube-like stipe with its terminal air bulb, which floats the dichotomously torn lamina on the surface of the ocean. Mertens' statement, copied by Harvey, in which in speaking of the stipes, he says : " They are said to be 45 fathoms long," is probably not true. The writer has measured many fully-developed plants on the California, Oregon, and Washington coasts as well as on the Alaska coast and has never yet found one exceeding the above figures. Gmelin's figures and description of Ulva priapus leave no doubt as to the identity of his plant although he had only an imperfect stipe. jo6 SAUNDERS [43 2] As his description antedates Mertens' by some sixty years it seems best to the writer to reinstate the name given by him. Family FUCACE^ft. Fucus evanescens forma macrocephala Kjellm. (Plate LXII, fig. i.) Puget Sound ; Annette Island ; Wrangell ; Juneau ; Sitka ; Glacier Bay; Prince William Sound; Cook Inlet; Kukak Bay; Shumagin Islands. This is by far the most abundant seaweed on the northwest coast. It is found in all quiet bays and protected places from Puget Sound to Bering Sea, forming the characteristic light brown covering extending some distance above the average tide level. In many places the plant is not covered by salt water more than twice a month. It is able to thrive from the moisture in the atmosphere. This species and Pylaietta littoralis extend the farthest up the mouths of streams and fresh water bays. This form is more commonly evesiculose, but there are often found indefinite vesicles just below the fruiting tip, either singly or in pairs. It is a variation of this form from Puget Sound that Dr. Setchell has referred to F. platycarpus, which is quite a distinct species. Identified by Kjellman. Fucus evanescens forma cornuta Kjellm. (Plate LXII, fig. 2.) Juneau ; Yakutat Bay (256) ; Prince William Sound (2640) ; Kukak Bay (376) ; Popof Island. This form was collected in more exposed places than the last and is not nearly as common. The plant is darker colored and firmer in texture than the last, with narrower branches and fruiting tip. The fruiting tip is usually not at all inflated but in one extreme variation it is inflated 5-7 cm. long. Cystophyllum lepidum (Rupr.) Harvy. Victoria; Wrangell; Sitka (121, 190) ; Yakutat Bay; Kukak Bay; Shumagin Islands. In slightly protected places in the elittoral zone from Puget Sound to Bering Sea. Mature plants measured from i to 3 meters in length. RHODOPHYCE.E. Family BANGIACE^. Bangia atropurpurea pacifica J. Ag. Specimens of this species were collected near Victoria in Puget Sound but it was not obtained in Alaskan waters. [433] THE ALG^E Ip7 Porphyra laciniata (Lightf.) Ag.1 On the stems of Fucus and on rocks in the littoral and sublittoral zone, Yakutat Bay. All specimens obtained were sterile. Porphyra perforata J. Ag. On rocks in the littoral and sublittoral zones, Glacier Bay (100); Sitka (130) ; Shumagin Islands (394). The most abundant species. Porphyra amplissima (Kjellm.) Setchell & Hus. On rocks in the sublittoral zone, Prince William Sound. This large and beautiful species was found growing in great abundance at this station but was not collected again. Porphyra miniata forma cuneiformis Setchell & Hus. Usually found floating, occasionally [attached to stems of Nereo- cystis and other algae ; Lowe Inlet (20). Porphyra tenuissima (Stroemf.) Setchell & Hus. Abundant on rocks and also epiphytic on algae. Sitka (1480;, 137) ; Yakutat Bay (214). Not previously reported from the west coast of North America. Family HELMINTHOCLADIACEJE. Batrachospermum vagum flagelliforme Siridot. In ponds, pools and streams near Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound (299) ; Cook Inlet (423) ; Kadiak Island. Plants collected in June and July at or near sea level bore an abund- ance of mature carpospores. Family GELIDIACE^E. Choreocolax polysiphoniae Reinsch. On the stems of Polysiphonia sp., Sitka (1230). Plants collected in June bore only tetraspores. The plants are closely attached to the lower part of the main stem of the Polysi- •phonia, spherical, dark brown or black, about yz mm. in diameter. The tubes of the Polysiphonia are much deformed wherever the *' parasite" is attached. The central tube is much enlarged, the sur- rounding ones somewhat] so, the walls considerably contorted and thickened. This species has been found in the Atlantic on the Euro- pean and American shores but has not been previously reported from the Pacific ocean. 1 All specimens of the genus Porphyra were identified by Dr. Setchell and Mr. Hus. 198 SAUNDERS [434] Family GIGARTINACE^E. Endocladia muricata (P. & R.) J. Ag. On perpendicular rocks in exposed places at or above the high tide line. Wrangell (62) ; Prince William Sound (293) ; Popof Island (370). This species, so common on the California coast, is compara- tively rare or local on the Alaskan coast. Iridaea membranacea J. Ag. ? On rocks in the sublittoral zone. Sitka (125) ; Yakutat Bay (207) ; Shumagin Islands (377). This is the plant distributed from Puget Sound by J. E. Tilden as Iridcea heterocarpa (Am. Algae, No. 329). The plant is abundant and evidently ranges from Puget Sound to Bering Sea. To this species Dr. Farlow has very questionably referred a plant with small, once to twice dichotomously divided plant body. It is broadly obovate or reniform in outline, tapering below to a short stalk, entire or crenate on the margin or in the sterile plants with few or many tooth-like proliferations. Dr. Farlow says " This plant has made the tour of European algologists * * * Bornet is sure that it is a form of Iridcea laminarioides. It also agrees with some of Bory's specimens of that species. I must admit that having seen a series of the two species in foreign herbaria, I found that I could not tell where one began and the other ended." The plant is smaller than any of the specimens of Iridcea laminari- oides seen by the writer, ranging from 5 to 10 cm. in length and the primary division of the plant being 2-10 cm. broad. It is also some- what thinner in texture, dark red in color, and lighter on the margins. The cystocarps are small and evenly distributed over the entire surface of the blade except the basal part. Iridaea laminarioides Bory. This plant is abundant in the sublittoral zone in Puget Sound but was not seen in Alaskan waters. Gigartina papillata Ag. forma typica. Washed ashore, Shumagin Islands (3^7). A few small plants 5-8 cm. in length, were collected that are iden- tical with the forma subsimplex of Setchell (Phycotheca Boreali- Americana, No. 425). Dr. Farlow states that they are identical with typical G. papillata given him by Agardh. Dr. Setchell in a note on the distributed form says : " Under this name is included the form figured by C. Agardh as the type." [435] THE ALG^E 199 Gigartina papillata forma cristata Setchell. A single plant of this variety was collected in Kukak Bay (331 a) which is apparently identical with Dr. Setchell's cristata. It is also very closely related to some forms of G. mamillosa. Gigartina pacifica Kjellm. On rocks in the sublittoral zone. Yakutat Bay (200) ; Prince William Sound (308) ; Shumagin Islands (358, 377). No. 377 agrees exactly with Kjellman's figures and descriptions, the others are somewhat intermediate between G. pacifica and G. papil- lata, Kalymenia californica Farlow. In tide washings, Kukak Bay (342). The plant collected in Kukak Bay is much smaller in all of its parts than specimens from the California coast. The proliferations are very numerous, obovate, and only 2-5 cm. long by 1-2 cm. wide. Ahnfeldtia plicata (Hudson) Fries. On rocks in the sublittoral zone, Yakutat Bay (250) ; Prince Wil- liam Sound (270). The specimens collected at both stations were sterile and had fewer and shorter branches than the typical forms but agree in structure. Family RHODOPHTLLIDACE^E. Turnerella mertensiana (P.' & Rupr.) Schmitz. Washed ashore in exposed places. Kukak Bay (352) ; Shumagin Islands (453). The plant is oblong or ovate, fastened to rocks by a basal disk, entire or lobed on the margin, coriaceous, and of a deep dark blood-red color ; several specimens were obtained 6 dec. long by 3 dec. wide. This species was seen at only three stations in Alaska, a large spec- imen was seen in the herbarium of Mr. N. L. Gardner, collected in Puget Sound. There is also a small sterile specimen in the writer's herbarium, from the central Californian coast, Monterey Bay. Euthora cristata (L.) J. Ag. Abundant in the sublittoral zone. Seldovia, near the entrance to Cook Inlet (415) ; Shumagin Islands (356). One of the most abundant of the red algae. It is also reported from 20O SAUNDERS [436] Family RHODTMENIA CEsE. Rhodymenia pertusa (P. & Rupr.) J. Ag. On rocks in the lower part of the sublittoral zone, Yakutat Bay (205) ; Prince William Sound (267 and 271). No. 271 is a smaller form and not at all pertuse. Rhodymenia palmata (L.) J. Ag. On rocks in the upper part of the sublittoral zone. Glacier Bay (88) ; Yakutat Bay (206) ; Prince William Sound, near Orca (310) ; Kukak Bay (345) ; Popof Island (378). The entire form of this species seems to be the more common on the Pacific Coast, though the palmately divided form and the form with numerous proliferations are also abundant. The plant is gathered in large quantities, dried and eaten by the In- dians of the northwest coast, as is Porphyra pertusa by the China- men on the California coast. Plocamium coccineum uncinatum J. Ag. In the sublittoral zone, Sitka (148). Halosaccion firmum (P. & R.) J. Ag. In the sublittoral zone in a quiet muddy cove, Cook Inlet (414). This species was collected at only the one station, but it was abundant there. Halosaccion fucicola (Post & Rupr.) J. Ag. On rocks, Rhodomela larix, and other algae in the littoral zone from Puget Sound to Bering Sea. Victoria (5) ; Annette Island (33) 5 Sitka (1450) ; Prince William Sound; Popof Island. Halosaccion ramentaceum (L.) J. Ag. In the sublittoral and littoral zones. Kukak Bay (331, 317) ; Cook Inlet (414). Nos. 317 and 414 agree with the typical form of this variable spe- cies. No. 331 is very close to the forma densa of Kjellm. It was found well up in the littoral zone while the other forms are sublittoral. At each station this species was collected only once. Halosaccion tilesii (Ag.) Kjellm. In the littoral zone from Wrangell to Bering Sea. Wrangell (54) ; Yakutat Bay (235, 248, 249) ; Prince William Sound (3060 ) ; Ku- kak Bay (453). Halosaccion microsporum Rupr. In the littoral zone. Glacier Bay (85, 109) ; Yakutat Bay (452). [437] THE ALG^E 2OI The three numbers, referred to this species somewhat tentatively, represent three very variable and diverse forms which however agree in structure. Family DELESSERIACEJE. Nitophyllum nithenicum (Post& Rupr.) Kjellm.1 A single sterile specimen of this plant was collected in the sublit- toral zone at Sitka (119). The plant is 15 cm. high bearing many cuneate branches which are delicately longitudinally striate, especially near the base. It is quite distinct from any of the Californian species of Nitophyllum, but is re- lated to N. latissimum. The nerves are much more delicate and not branched and disappearing above the middle of the lobes ; in this re- spect it is intermediate between N. latissimum and N. fryeanum. Delesseria baerii (Post & Rupr.) J. Ag. Two small sterile plants of this species were collected in the sublit- toral zone near Sitka (183). Delesseria alata (Huds.) J. Ag. A few sterile plants of this species were collected in Puget Sound at Victoria (3) . It was not seen in Alaskan waters. Delesseria sinuosa (Good. & Wood.) Lamon. Abundant in the sublittoral zone. Sitka (151); Prince William Sound (265) ; Kukak Bay (344, 323) ; Shumagin Islands (371, 389). A very variable species, some of the forms resembling D. querci- folia but with a more distinct midrib and opposite nerves. Speci- mens from Kukak Bay bore an abundance of cystocarps. The species occurs in the Arctic and North Atlantic oceans and has re- cently been reported by Kjellman from Bering Sea. From Sitka to the Shumagin Islands it is the most common Delesseria. Delesseria crassifolia Rupr. A specimen of this plant was collected by Prof. Trevor Kincaid in 1898 on the shores of St. Paul Island. It was not collected by the Harriman Expedition in Bering Sea. Delesseria decipiens J. Ag. In the sublittoral zone, Prince William Sound (290). An abundance of cystocarpic material was collected. The plants are much smaller (only 8-15 cm. in length) than those from the Cali- fornia coast, but agree in other respects. 1 Kjellman, Om Behringshaf. Algfl., 25. 2O2 SAUNDERS [438] Delesseria serrata Post & Rupr. To this species is referred a plant with the general appearance of a broad form of D. alata, but the branches are more distant and fewer and the margins of the upper and younger branches are regularly or irregularly serrate. It may be an extreme form of D. alata but it seems best to keep it under a separate name until this is proven. Family RHODOMELACE^. Rhodomela floccosa Ag. In the littoral and sublittoral zones from Puget Sound to Bering Sea. Annette Island (30, 56) ; Wrangell (68) ; Sitka (139) ; Yakutat Bay (191, 203) ; Kukak Bay (321) ; Popof Island (374). One of the most abundant plants. It occurs also on the Washing- ton, Oregon, and California coasts. Rhodomela larix Ag. Attached to rocks in the upper sublittoral and littoral zones ; abun- dant from Puget Sound to the Shumagin Islands. Sitka (131) ; Ku- kak Bay (318). Odonthalia aleutica (Mertens) J. Ag. Attached to rocks in the sublittoral zone, Shumagin Islands (385). The same species has been collected in Puget Sound by the writer. The branches are narrower than in O. dentata, the perithecia are ra- cemed and very slightly oblong-urceolate, and the plant turns black in drying. Odonthalia kamtschatica (Rupr.) J. Ag. On rocks in the sublittoral zone. Kukak Bay (341) ; Yakutat Bay (219). In this species the plant is smaller than the last species and remains a dark blood-red color in drying : the perithecia are short, racemed and very strongly urceolate. Polysiphonia arctica J. Ag. In the sublittoral zone, Shumagin Islands (364, 366). Polysiphonia bipinnata Post & Rupr. Abundant on rocks and on other algae in the sublittoral zone, from Puget Sound northward. Annette Island (19); Glacier Bay (84); Sitka (117) ; Yakutat Bay (244). Several specimens of Polysiphonia are undeterminable and for the present can be noted only by numbers as follows; 25,64, 123, 150, 154, 212, 363. [439] THE ALG^E 203 Family CERAMIACEsE. Calithamnion floccosum pacificum Harv. On Nereocystis priapus and other algae, and on rocks. Puget Sound; Lowe Inlet (15) ; Yakutat Bay (210, 244, 199). The most abundant species of Calithamnion on the Northwest coast. Calithamnion plumula Lyngb. This species was collected several times in Puget Sound but was not seen in Alaska waters. It is a comparatively common plant in Puget Sound, while on the central California coast it is very rarely found. Ceratothamnion pekeanum (Harv.) J. Ag. On rocks in exposed localities in the littoral and upper sublittoral zones. Sitka (152) ; Yakutat Bay (211); Shumagin Islands (373). The northern plant is smaller and with shorter branches than the same species from the California coast. Ptilota asplenoides Ag. Abundant on rocks in the sublittoral zone. Yakutat Bay (198, 219) ; Prince William Sound (269). Ptilota plumosa Ag. Attached to rocks and large algae in the sublittoral zone. Sitka (140) ; Shumagin Islands (397). A much finer and more delicately branched plant than the last, with opposite similar branches. Ptilota serrata Kuetz. In the sublittoral zone. Shumagin Islands (355). Antithamnion boreale (Gobi) Kjellm. Occasional in the sublittoral region. Wrangell (55) ; Sitka (135). In its general appearance the plant agrees with A. boreale corallina but the branches near the apex are not elongated as in that form. Ceramium rubrum Ag. In the sublittoral zone. Sitka (127) ; Prince William Sound (275). The Prince William Sound material, collected in June, bears an abundance of mature carpospores. Ceramium codicola J. Ag. Attached to Codium mucronatum californicum, Sitka (170). The plants are small and sterile, but agree with specimens of C. codicola collected by the writer on the California coast, and with speci- mens distributed in the Phycotheca Boreali-Americana. 204 SAUNDERS Microcladia borealis Rupr. In the littoral zone, attached to rocks in exposed places, Puget Sound (4). The plant was not collected in Alaskan waters. Rhodochorton rothii (Turton) Naegeli. Forming a dense coating on rocks, especially in caverns in the upper sublittoral or littoral zones, Prince William Sound (292). The writer has collected this plant also on the central California coast and in Puget Sound. Family GLOIOSIPHONIACE^Z. Gloiopeltis furcata (P. & R.) J. Ag. Attached to rocks in the sublittoral zone from Puget Sound to the Shumagin Islands. Annette Island (26) ; Sitka (124) ; Yakutat Bay (201) ; Shumagin Islands (372). Not common at any of the stations. Gloiosiphonia californica (Farl.) J. Ag. In the sublittoral region in a protected cove, Prince William Sound (277); This species was originally described by Dr. Farlow from the cen- tral California coast. He placed it somewhat questionably in the genus Nemastoma on account of having only dry material for examination. J. Agardh, in Till Algernes Systematik, transferred the species to Gloiosiphonia. Dr. Farlow recently stated that since the publication of the species he had examined both living and alcoholic material and believed that Agardh was right in placing it in Gloiosiphonia. Family GRATLOUPIACE^S. Cryptonemia obovata ? J. Ag. Washed ashore, Prince William Sound (276). Two sterile specimens of a Cryptonemia are referred somewhat questionably to this species. They agree in shape and structure with fruiting specimens collected in Puget Sound which undoubtedly be- long to this species. Family D UMONTIA CE^&. Dumontia filiformis (Lyngb.) Ag. Abundant in the sublittoral zone in protected places from Prince William Sound northward and westward. Prince William Sound (307, 280); Cook Inlet (411); Kukak Bay (340); Shumagin Islands (365). [44 T] THE ALG^E 2O5 The specimens from Cook Inlet bear an abundance of cystocarps ; the others have tetraspores. Cryptosiphonia grayana J. Ag. In the sublittoral zone. Wrangell (162); Sitka (132); Yakutat Bay (208) ; Kukak Bay (330). The Yakutat and Kukak Bay specimens bear cystocarps, the Sitka and Wrangell material tetraspores. Dilsea californica (J. Ag.) Schmitz. In the sublittoral zone, Orca, Prince William Sound (313). The large sterile plants (3-5 dm. long by 1-2 dm. broad) were submitted to Dr. Setchell and were referred by him to this species. Dilsea arctica (Kjellm.) Attached to rocks in the sublittoral zone, Shumagin Islands (353). Young plants are broadly ovate or reniform, and of a light rose-red color, older specimens are once to twice longitudinally divided nearly to the base and of a light faded red color. Constantinea rosa-marina (Gmel.) J. Ag. In the upper part of the elittoral zone, Prince William Sound (298). It was observed at several other stations, including the Shumagin Islands, but no collections were made. It occurs in both protected and exposed situations, but seems to be more abundant in exposed locali- ties. Its occurrence in Puget Sound would indicate a general distri- bution from that locality to Bering Sea. Family S% UAMARIA CE^E. Hildenbrandtia rosea Kuetz. Forming a very delicate rose-red crust on rocks in the littoral and sublittoral zones, from Puget Sound to the Shumagin Islands. The same species is reported by Kjellman from Bering Sea. The writer has also found it common on the central California coast. All specimens were sterile. Family CORALLINACE^E.1 Melobesia patens. On Amphiroa epiphlegmoides, Prince William Sound (4230). Dr. Foslie is somewhat in doubt as to the species, labeling speci- mens submitted to him, " M. patens or n. sp." 1 Specimens of all Corallinaceae enumerated were sent to Dr. Kjellman who requested Dr. Foslie to work them over. The determinations are entirely those of Dr. Foslie. 206 SAUNDERS [442] Lithophyllum farlowii Foslie. On rocks in the littoral zone, Sitka (138). The young plants were somewhat doubtfully referred to the species by Dr. Foslie. Lithothamnion compactum Kjellm. Forming an indefinite coating on rocks in the sublittoral zone, Prince William Sound (431). Lithothamnion glaciale Kjellm. In the upper elittoral and lower sublittoral zones. Prince William Sound (430) ; Kukak Bay (427) ; Shumagin Islands (426). Abund- ant in exposed localities. Lithothamnion laeve (Stroemf.) Foslie. Abundant on rocks in exposed localities in the sublittoral zone, Kukak Bay (4250), with Clathromorphum circumscriptum. Clathromorphum circumscriptum (Stroemf.) Foslie. On rocks in the sublittoral and elittoral zones. Kukak Bay (425) ; Sitka (441). Lepidomorphum yendori Foslie. On rocks in the sublittoral zone, Sitka (438) . Amphiroa tuberculosa Rupr. On rocks in the lower sublittoral zone, Sitka (432). Amphiroa epiphlegmoides J. Ag. On rocks and other algse. Sitka (433) ; Prince William Sound (423) . Amphiroa planiuscula (Kuetz.) Foslie. On mussel shells, rocks, etc., in the lower sublittoral zone. Yakutat Bay (255) ; Prince William Sound (429). Corallina arbuscula Rupr. On rocks in the sublittoral zone. Shumagin Islands (438). Corallina pilulifera filiformis Rupr. On rocks in the sublittoral zone. Prince William Sound (435). BACILLARIACEJE.1 Melosira granulata C. G. E. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island, near Kukak Bay ; Kadiak Island ; Cook Inlet. 1 Determined by Prof. A. M. Edwards. [443] THE ALG^E 2O7 Melosira nummuloides B. de st. V. In salt water near Juneau ; Glacier Bay. Melosira sol C. G. E. Attached to seaweeds from Annette Island. Melosira sulcata C. G. E. Attached to seaweeds from Annette Island. Trochiscia moniliformis F. C. M. Attached to seaweeds from Annette Island ; Glacier Bay. Coscinodiscus argus C. G. E. In salt water material from Annette Island ; Yakutat Bay. Coscinodiscus lineatus C. G. E. In salt water from Glacier Bay. Thalassosira cleve H. H. G. In salt water from Glacier Bay. Triceratium wilkesii J. W. B. In salt water near Wrangell. Chsetoceros hispidum C. G. E. One specimen was found in material from Annette Island. Biddulphia aurita L. W. D. Attached to seaweeds from Annette Island ; Popof Island. Isthmia obliquata J. E. S. In salt water from Yakutat Bay ; Victoria. British Columbia. Rhabdonema biquadratum J. B. Material from Annette Island. Rhabdonema faunae P. P. Material from Annette Island. Rhabdonema japonica T. & B. Material from Annette Island. Rhabdonema elegans J. B. Material from Annette Island. Rhabdonema striatulum J. E. S. In salt water material from Annette Island ; Glacier Bay ; Popof Island ; Yakutat Bay. Khabdonema arcuata F. T. K. In salt water, Yakutat Bay. 208 SAUNDERS [444] Tabellaria flocculosa F. T. K. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island ; Kadiak Island ; Kukak Bay. Grammatophora marina (Lyngb.) Kuetz. In salt water from Yakutat Bay. Licmophora granulata V. In salt water from Glacier Bay. Licmophora cuneata F. C. L. Attached to seaweeds, Glacier Bay. Licmophora pennatula V. In salt water near Juneau ; Annette Island ; Yakutat Bay ; Wran- gell ; Popof Island. Meridiem circulare C. A. A. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island. Diatoma hyemale H. C. L. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island. Diatoma pectinate O. F. M. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island. Fragilaria construens C. G. E. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island. Fragilaria virescens J. R. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island. Fragilaria striatula H. C. L. In material from salt water. Sitka ; near Juneau ; Popof Island. Fragilaria exilis A. G. In salt water, Yakutat Bay. Synedra crotonensis A. M. E. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island ; Cook Inlet. Synedra ulna C. L. N. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island ; Kadiak Island. Synedra prolongata A. S. In a fresh water pond, Cook Inlet. Synedra fasciculata C. A. A. Attached to seaweeds from Annette Island ; Glacier Bay ; Yakutat Bay. [445] THE ALG^E 209 Eunotia robusta J. R. In a freshwater pond, Kadiak Island ; Cook Inlet ; Kukak Bay. Eunotia gracilis C. G. E. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island. Eunotia lunaris C. G. E. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island ; Kadiak Island. Cocconeis placentula C. G. E. In a freshwater pond, Kadiak Island. Cocconeis scutellum C. G. E. In salt water from Victoria, British Columbia ; attached to seaweeds from Annette Island ; freshwater pond, Kadiak ; salt water, Yakutat Bay ; Juneau ; Popof Island. Achnanthes subsessilis C. G. E. In salt water from Glacier Bay. Achnanthes lanceolata A. B. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island • near Kukak Bay. Achnanthes glabrata A. G. In salt water, Yakutat Bay. Cocconema lanceolatum C. G. E. Material from salt water, Annette Island; in a freshwater pond, Popof Island ; Kadiak Island ; Cook Inlet. A freshwater species, the dead shells of which had been carried into the ocean by streams or glaciers. Navicula silicula C. G. E. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island. Navicula cyprinus C. G. E. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island. Navicula elliptica F. T. K. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island ; attached to seaweeds from Popof Island. Navicula major F. T. K. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island ; Annette Island ; Kukak Bay. Navicula radiosa F. T. K. In a freshwater pond, Popof .Island. 2IO SAUNDERS [44^] Navicula legumen C. G. E. In salt watei material from Annette Island. A freshwater species, the dead shells of which had been carried into the ocean by streams or glaciers. Navicula pupula C. A. A. In salt water material from Annette Island. A freshwater species, the dead shells of which had been carried into the ocean by streams or glaciers. Navicula apis C. G. E. Material from Annette Island ; Popof Island. Vanheurckia rhomboides A. B. In a freshwater pond near Kukak Bay. Pleurosigma angulata W. S. In salt water, Yakutat Bay. Pleurosigma attenuata F. T. K. In a freshwater pond, Kadiak Island. Pleurosigma fasciola C. G. E. In salt water near Wrangell. Nitzschia diadema F. T. K. In salt water, Yakutat Bay. Nitzschia angularis W. S. In salt water, Yakutat Bay. Nitzschia closterium C. G. E. In salt water material, Annette Island. Nitzschia sigmoidea C. L. N. In salt water material from Annette Island. A freshwater species, the dead shells of which had heen carried into the ocean by streams or glaciers. Nitzschia vermicularis F. T. K. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island. Surirella elegans C. G. E. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island. Staureoneis phrenicenteron C. L. N. Material from Annette Island ; freshwater pond, Kadiak Island ; Kukak Bay. A freshwater species, the dead shells of which had been carried into the ocean by streams or glaciers. [447] THE ALG^E 211 Amphora ovalis C. G. E. In salt water from Glacier Bay. Amphora elliptica C. A. A. In salt water, Yakutat Bay. Gomphonema geminatum C. G. E. In a freshwater pond, Kadiak Island. Gomphonema affine F. T. K. In a freshwater pond, Kadiak Island. Gomphonema subtile C. G. E. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island. Rhoicosphenia curvata F. T. K. In salt water material from Annette Island ; Yakutat Bay ; Popof Island. Cymbella inaequalis C. G. E. From salt water material from Annette Island. A freshwater species, the dead shells of which had been carried into the ocean by streams or glaciers. Cymbella ehrenbergii F. T. K. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island ; Kadiak Island. Epithemia gibba C. G. E. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island ; Kadiak Island. Epithemia jurgensii C. A. A. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island ; Cook Inlet ; Annette Island. Epithemia westermannii C. G. E. In a freshwater pond, Popof Island. PLATE X. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, PI. XLIII.1] FIG. i. Cosmarium conspersum Ralfs. 2. " ccelatum Ralfs. 3. «« ornatum Ralfs. 4. Euastrum crassum (Bre'b.) Kuetz. 5. Cosmarium pseudotaxichondrum Nordst. 6. " parvulum Bre'b. y. " hammer i Reinsch. 8. " granatum Bre'b. 9. Euastrum verrucosum Ehrenb. 10. Cosmarium ochtodes Nordst. 11. " botrytis Menegh. 12. " portianum nephroideum Wittr. Front view. j, <« " »« " End view. 14. Closterium parvulum Naeg. 15. " venus Kuetz. 16. Staurastrum echinatum Pecten (Perty) Rab. 17. Cosmarium depressum (Naeg.) Lund. 18. " pulcherrimum Nordst. 19. «« " " From Kukak Bay. 20. " subcrenatum Hantzsch. 21. " pseudogranatum Nordst. 22. " quadrifarium Lund. 23. Staurastrum polymorphum Breb. End view. 24. " " " Front view. 25. Micrasterias rotata (Grev.) Ralfs. 26. Cosmarium broomeiVar. Thwaites. 27. Closterium acerosum (Schrank), Ehrenb. 28. Cosmarium bioculatum Bre'b. 29. Mesotcenium braunii De Bary. 30. Disphinctium connatum (Bre'b.) De Bary. 31. Staurastrum calyxoides Wolle. 32. Euastrum affine Ralfs. 33. Cosmarium constrictum Delp. Side view. 34. " " " Front view. 35. " broomei Thwaites. End view. 36. " " " Front view. 37. Euastrum oblongum (Grev.) Ralfs. 38. Xanthidium antilopceum (Breb.) Kuetz. 39. Cosmarium sexangulare Lund. 40. " Pyramidatum Br^b. 'Plates xliii-lxii are from drawings by Eva M. Saunders, except for plate xlvi, figs, i and 2, which were drawn by Edna L. Hyatt. [448] (212) . --SH. A. S., Ill, P: H. A. E. VOL. V, PLATE X I EV» M. SAUNDERS, DEL. ALASKA ALGAE. HEUOTTPt PWNTIIIG (XX PLATE XI. [Proc. Wash Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, PI. XLIV.] FIG. I. Cosmarium intermedium Delp. 2. Euastrum elegans (Breb.) Kuetz. 3. Penium digitus (Ehrenb.) Breb. 4. Cosmarium latum Breb. 5. Staurastrum dejectum Breb. a, b and c. 6. Cosmarium sphalerostichum Nordst. 7. Micrasterias truncata (Corda) Ralfs. 8. Cosmarium phaseolus Breb. 9. Cosmarium undulatum Corda. n. Micrasterias denticulata (Bre"b.) Ralfs. 12. Cosmarium pachydermum Lund. 13. Tetmemorus brebissonii (Menegh.) Ralfs. 14. Arthrodesmus convergens Ehrenb. 15. Cosmarium blyttii Wille. 16. Cosmarium contractum Kirch. 17. " kilcheliiVfollQ. 18. Xanthidium armatum (Breb.) Ralfs. 19. Cosmarium meneghinii braunii (Reinsch.) Hansg. 20. Pleurotaniopsis debaryi (Archer) Lund. 21. Cosmarium tumidum Lund. 22. " ralfsii Bre'b. 23. Micrasterias kitckeliiVJo\\e. 24. Euastrum didelta (Turp.) Ralfs. 25. " elegans (Bre'b.) Kuetz. 26. " " " Two forms. 27. Micrasterias oscitans pinnatijida (Kuetz.) Rabenh. 28. Cosmarium holmiense Lund. 29. Staurastrum ravenelii Wood, a, front view ; b, end view. 30. Euastrum elegans, large form. 31. Micrasterias fimbriata elephanta Wolle. [450] (214) [PR. WASH. A. S., Ill, Pi H. A. E. VOL. V, PLATE XI EVA M. SAUNDERS, DEI. ALASKA ALGAE. PLATE XII. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, PI. XLV.] FIG. i. a and b. Streblonema pacifica sp. nov. 2. Streblonema irregularis sp. nov. 3. minutissima sp. nov. [452] (216) [PR. WASH. A. S., Ill, PL. XLVl H. A. E. VOL. V, PLATE XII EVA M. SAUNDERS, DEL. ALASKA ALGAE. HOJOTTFt PWimKS Ctt PLATE XIII. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, PI. XLVL] FIG. I. Myrionema serangulans Grev. ; tufts natural size. 2. " " " section (X4Qo)- 3. Homeostroma undulatum J. Ag. 4. Dermocarpa fucicola sp. nov. ; section (X4OO). 5. " " " natural size. 6a. Homeostroma lobatum sp. nov. ; natural size. 66. " " " portion of edge (X 3°)- 6c. " " " section (X 400). [454] [PR. WASH. A. S., Ill, PL. XLVl] H. A. E. VOL. V, PLATE XIII EVA M. SAUNDERS, DEL. HBJOTYPt PWHTIHG OX ALASKA ALGAE. PLATE XIV. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, PI. XLVIL] FIG. i. Myelophycus intestinalis sp. nov. ; natural size. 2. " " " cross section (X 400). 3. " " " longitudinal section (X40o). [456] (220) [PR. WASH. A. S., Ill, PL. XLVIl] i. A. E. VOL. V, PLATE XIV EVA M. SAUNDERS, DEL. ' ALASKA ALGAE. PLATE XV. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, PI. XLVIIL] FlG. I. Coilodesme linearis sp. nov. ; natural size. 2. " " " cross section (X4°°)- [458] (222) [PR. WASH. A. S., Ill, PL. XLVIIl] H. A. E. VOL. V, PLATE XV EVA M. SAUNDERS, DEL. MOJOTYPE miXTING GO. ALASKA ALGAE. PLATE XVI. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, PI. XLIX.] FIG. I. Liebmannia ? ; natural size. 2. " peripheral filaments (X4°o)- [460] (224) [PR. WASH. A. S., Ill, PL. XLIX] H. A. E. VOL. V, PLATE XVI EVA M. SAUNDERS, DEL. HBUOTYPt PfHKTING CO. ALASKA ALGAE. PLATE XVII. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, PI. L.] FIG. I. Laminaria cieneifotia J. Ag. 2. Mesogloia simplex sp. nov. 3. " " section (X IOO>. 4- " " (X4W). [462] (226) [PR. WASH. A. S., Ill, PL. L] H. A. E. VOL. V, PLATE XVII EVA M. SAUNDERS, DEL. MBJOTYPC fWMTtVG OX ALASKA ALGAE. PLATE XVIII. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, PI. LI.] Hedophyllum sessile (Ag.) Setchell. [464] [PR. WASH. A. S., Ill, PL. Lll H. A. E. VOL. V, PLATE XVIII EVA M. SAUNDERS, DEL. HELIOTYPE CO. ALASKA ALGAE PLATE XIX. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, PI. LIL] FIG. i. Pleurophycus gardneri gen. et sp. nov. Setchell and Saunders ; % nat- ural size. 2. " " young plant. 3. " " cross section of blade (X4°°)- 4. " " longitudinal section of blade, showing fruit. 5- " «, section of stipe near the transition point, natural size ; b, section of stipe near base, natural size ; c, porton of same (X 80) [466] (230) [PR. WASH. A. S., Ill, PL. Llll H. A. E. VOL. V, PLATE XIX EVA M. SAUNDERS, DEL. HELIOTYPE CO. ALASKA ALGAE PLATE XX. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, PI. LIII.] FIG. i. Alaria lanceolata, Kjellm. ; ^ natural size. 2. " " " section of blade, natural size. 3, 4. " " " young plants. [468] (232) [PR. WASH. A. S., Ill, PL. Llll] H. A. E. VOL. V, PLATE XX EVA M. SAUNDERS, DEL. HEUOTYPE CO. PLATE XXI. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, PI LIV.] Alaria fragilis sp. nov. [470] (234) [PR. WASH. A. S., Ill, PL. LIV] H. A. E. VOL. V, PLATE XXI EVA M. SAUNDERS, DEL. ALASKA ALGAE PLATE XXII [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, PI. LV.J Alaria lacticosta Kjellman. [472] (336) [PR. WASH. A. S., Ill, PL. LV] H. A. E. VOL. V, PLATE XXII EVA M. SAUNDERS, DEL. ALASKA ALGAE HELIOTYPE CO. PLATE XXIII [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, PI. LVL] Alaria cordata Tilden. [474] (238) VASH. A. S., Ill, PL. LVll E. VOL. V, PLATE XXIII EVA M. SAUN3ERS, DEL. ALASKA ALGAE HELIOTYPE CO. PLATE XXIV. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, PI. LVIL] FIG. I. Alaria fistulosa Post & Rupr. ; % natural size. 2. " " " " section of midrib ; natural size. 3,4. " " " " portions of the midrib (X So)- [476] (24°) '•ASH. A. S., I!!, PL. LVIl] H. A. E. VOL. V, PLATE XXIV , '''41 1 UK EVA M. JAUNDERS. DEL. HELIOTYPE CO. ALASKA ALGAE PLATE XXV. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, PI. LVIIL] FIG. I. Nereocystts friapus (Gmel.) Saunders ; much reduced. 2> " " " section of blade showing fruit. , u " " longitudinal section showing mucous canals (X40)- 4. Nereocystis priapus (Gmel.) Saunders (X4°)- c. «' «' " cross section of stipe showing mucous canals and secreting cells. [478] ^ [PR. WASH. A. S., Ill, PL. LVIIl] H. A. E. VOL. V, PLATE XXV EVA, M. SAUNDERS, DEL. HELIOTYPE CO. ALASKA ALGAE PLATE XXVI. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, PI. LIX.] FIGS. 1-8. Nereocystis priafus, young plants in various stages of development. 9. " " An abnormal plant. [480] (244) [PR. WASH. A. S., IN, PL. LIX] H. A. E. VOL. V, PLATE XXVI HELIOTYPE CO. ALASKA ALGAE PLATE XXVII. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. HI, PI. LX.] FIG. i. Macrocystis pyrifera (Turner) Ag. 2. " " " [PR. WASH. A. S., Ill, PL. LXj H. A. E. VOL. V, PLATE XXVII EVA M. SAUNDERS. DEL. HEUOTYPE CO. ALASKA ALGAE PLATE XXVIII. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, PI. LXL] Agarum gmelini Mert. [484] (248) [PR. WASH. A. S , iy, PL. LXi H. A. E. VOL. V, PLATE XXVIII HEUOTYPE CO. ALASKA ALGAE PLATE XXIX. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. Ill, PI. LXIL] FlG. I. Fucus evanescens Ag. ; forma macrocephala Kjellm. 2. " " forma cornuta Kjellm. [486] (250) [PR. WASH. A. S., Ill, PL. LXllI H. A. E. VOL. V, PLATE XXIX EVA M. SAUNDERS, DEL. HELIOTYPE CO. ALASKA ALGAE THE MOSSES OF ALASKA The following paper on the Mosses of Alaska, by J. Cardot and I. The'riot, was originally published in the Proceedings of the Washing- ton Academy of Sciences, vol. iv, pp. 293-372, July 31, 1902. It is here reprinted from the same electrotype plates, so that it may be quoted exactly as if it were the original. The original pagination has been preserved and transferred to the inner or hinge side of the page, where it is enclosed in brackets, thus [294] ; while the consecutive pagination of the present volume has been added in the usual place. In the plates the original numbers and running headline, slightly abbreviated, have been preserved [in brackets], while the volume designation and serial plate numbers have been added in the usual place. The original text references to the plates are unchanged. The present headpiece and title have been substituted for the running head- ing of the Academy's Proceedings and the original title, which was : Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition, xxix. The Mosses of Alaska. No other alterations have been made. The authors desire to record the following corrections : Page 255 [295] : Second line from bottom, for fiolycarpam read polycarpum. Page 278 [318]: Eleventh line from bottom, omit ' pi. vnr, fig. i.' Eighth line from bottom, omit ' pi. vm, fig. 2.' Fourth line from bottom, omit 'pi. V, fig. 3.' Page 288 [328], seventh line from bottom, for ' Barclay' read Boulay. Page 303 [343]: Omit line of synonymy under ' Hypnum sarmentosum beringianum.' Seventh line from bottom, omit ' in litt.' Omit line of synonymy under section 'Calliergidium.' The following species should be added to those contained in the paper : CE dip odium griffithsianum Schwgr., a species not heretofore recorded as American, is added by Mrs. E. G. Britton, from Kadiak (Trelease, 1416). EDITOR. (252) THE MOSSES OF ALASKA BY J. CARDOT AND I. THERIOT INTRODUCTION THE following catalogue of the mosses of Alaska and some adjacent islands is based primarily upon the collection made by the Harriman Expedition in 1899. For completeness, how- ever, species previously reported from the region are also included. The whole number here enumerated is 280, of which 124 are new to Alaska and 46 are new to science. The 29 new species and 17 new varieties, except for three species of Bryum> are here first described. The mosses brought back by the Harriman Expedition were collected by Wm. H. Brewer, W. R. Coe, L. J. Cole, F. V. Coville, T. H. Kearney, De Alton Saunders and Wm. Trelease. Previous collections were made by W. H. Dall, 1867 ; Krause brothers, 1882 ; W. G. Wright, 1891 ; Jas. M. Macoun, 1891- 92 ; B. W. Evermann, 1892 ; C. H. Townsend, 1893-95 (Exp. of U. S. S. Albatross} ; W. M. Canby, 1897 ; W. H. Evans, 1897 ; W. A. Setchell, 1899 ; F. C. Schrader, 1899. [293] (253) 254 CARDOT AND THERIOT [294] Subclass ANDRE^EALES. Family ANDRE^EACE^. Andreaea petrophila Ehrh. in Hann. Mag., 1784, p. 140, and in Beitr. i, p. 192. From Orca (Trelease, 2245), Hall Island (Trelease, 2127), St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 2168, 2530). New to Alaska. Andreaea petrophila sylvicola Bryol. eur., vi, p. 13, pi. 2, e. From Hall Island (Trelease, 2527). New to Alaska. Andreaea parvifolia C. Mull, in Flora, 1887, p. 219. From upper part of Dyea valley (Krause brothers) . Andreaea papillosa Lindb. in Oefv. af Vet. Ak. Forh., xxm, p. 557. From St. Lawrence Bay, and Plover Bay, Siberia (W. H. Dall). Subclass BRYALES. Family WEISIACE^E. Gymnostomum curvirostre scabrum Lindb. Muse, scand., p. 22. From Port Wells (Trelease, 1834). New to Alaska. Anoectangium compactum Schw. Suppl. I, i, p. 36, pi. xi. From White Pass, i ,900 feet (Trelease, 2309) ; Orca (Trelease, 2259, 2260 in part). Anoectangium compactum alaskanum var. nov. Habitu robustiore, foliis madore magis patulis, longioribus latiori- busque, cellulis majoribus (mediis 6-9 fi latis, loco 4-6) reteque magis opaco distinctum. From Port Wells (Trelease, 1832). Dicranoweisia crispula Lindb. in Oefv. af Vet. Ak. Forh., 1864, p. 230. From White Pass, 3,000 feet (Trelease, 2492) ; Port Clarence (Trelease, 2119); Hall Island (Trelease, 2129, 2131, 2134); St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 2153, 2154) ; Attu Island (J. M. Macoun). Most of these specimens have the inner perichaetial bracts shortly acuminate, which relates them to D. contermina Ren. & Card. (Z>. roettii Kindb.), but the alar cells are usually more distinct than on the moss from Oregon and Idaho. Moreover, the comparison with numer- ous specimens from different regions of Europe and North America proves that the characters on which D. contermina lias been established [295] THE MOSSES OF ALASKA are too variable and insufficient to establish a specific distinction. D. contermina must therefore be considered as only a variety of D. crispula, and the specimens from Alaska and the islands of Bering Sea are nearly all intermediate between the type and this variety. D. obliqua Kindb., which has been recorded from Alaska, is un- known to us ; but, from the description, it is probable that it, like- wise, is only a form of D. crispula. (Cfr. Kindberg, Notes on Canadian Bryology, 1893, and Eur. and N. Amer. Bryineae, p. 210.) Rhabdoweisia fugax Br. eur., fasc. 33-36, p. 4, pi. 41. From Kodiak (Trelease, 2217, 2218). New to Alaska. Rhabdoweisia fugax subdenticulata Boul. Muse, dela France, p. 543. From Juneau (Brewer and Coe, 6990;) . New to Alaska. Another species of Weisiacese, Oreotveisia serrulata Sch., has been recorded from Nulato by J. T. Rothrock and by Lesquereux and James (Manual, p. 58). Family DICRANACEJE. Cynodontium torquescens Limpr. Laubm., i, p. 288. From Port Clarence (Trelease, 2101, 2102, 2525). Number 2101 has the peristome smooth or nearly so; it is C. sub- alpestre Kindb. in Mac. Cat. Can. pi., vi, Musci, pp. 17 and 257. Cynodontium treleasei sp. nov. (PI. XIII, figS. 1°-*.) Monoicum, densiuscule cespitosum. Caulis erectus, brevis, 3-4 mil- lim. altus. Folia siccitate crispata, madore patentia, 2—3 millim. longa, e basi oblonga sat subito constricta, longe et anguste acuminato-subulata, apice sinuato denticulata, marginibus planis et integris, costa percur- rente, cellulis inferioribus rectangulis, 2—3 long, quam lat., superi- oribus irregularibus, plerisque subquadratis, opacis et papillosis, 9-15 fj. longis, 8-9 latis, cellulis alaribus majoribus, subinflatis, lutescenti- bus. Flos masculus in ramo brevi. Folia perichaetialia intima vagi- nantia, longe acuminata. Capsula in pedicello brevi, 7-8 millim. longo, nutans vel inclinata,breviter ovato-convexa, interdum strumulosa, levis vel vix striatula, operculo longe oblique rostrato, basi crenulato. Annulus distinctus. Peristomium elatum, intense purpureum, 0.5 millim. altum, valde papillosum, dentibus irregulariter bi-trifurcatis. Sporae leves, 16-18/1 crassae. From Port Wells (Trelease, 2268, 2271). This species is only comparable with C. polycarpam Sch., from which it is easily distinguished by its smaller size, its shorter, smooth or 256 CARDOT AND THERIOT hardly striate capsule, its more papillose, longer and brighter purple peristome, its shorter leaves with a thinner subula, and its upper cells smaller and less distinct. Cynodontium polycarpum alaskanum var. nov. A forma typica differt foliis apice tantum denticulatis, marginibus minus late et minus longe revolutis, reteque levi vel sublevi, cellulis superioribus paulo majoribus et distinctioribus (20 x 13^, loco 14 x n) ; a var. laxirete Dix. foliis angustioribus et rete basilari densiore distinctum ; ab Oncophoro suecico Arn. et Jens, differt foliis inf erne revolutis cellulisque alaribus indistinctis vel parum distinctis. From Juneau (Trelease, 2176) ; Cape Fox (Trelease, 2374) ; Indian Camp, Yakutat Bay (Brewer and Coe, 645). The type has been indicated for Alaska by Kellogg and by Les- quereux and James (Manual, p. 58). Cynodontium virens Sch. Br. eur. Coroll., p. 12. From Haenke Island (Coville and Kearney, mo). A doubtful specimen from St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 2155). Cynodontium virens serratum Sch., loc. cit. From Haenke Island (Coville and Kearney, mi); Egg Island (Coville and Kearney, 1016, 1017); Port Wells (Trelease, 2290; Brewer and Coe, 654) ; St. Matthew Island '(Trelease, 1891). Cynodontium wahlenbergii Hartm. Flor. scand., ed. 10, p. 113. From Cape Vancouver (J. M. Macoun) ; Port Wells (Trelease, 1830, 2288 in part, 2289); Port Clarence (Brewer and Coe, 669); Hall Island (Trelease, 1882, 1898, 1899, 2130, 2132) ; St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 1895, 1896, 1897, 2124) ; St. Matthew Island (Tre- lease, 1892, 1906, 2156, 2157, 2162). Number 2130 is a small form with short leaves, forma bremfolia. » Dichodontium pellucidum Sch. Br. eur. Coroll., p. 12. From Hidden Glacier Inlet in Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 1816, 2154 in part) ; Disenchantment Bay (Brewer and Coe, 639 in part) ; Muir Glacier (Trelease, 1752 in part) ; Port Wells (Trelease, 1831) ; Una- laska Island (J. M. Macoun). Dichodontium pellucidum fagimontanum Sch., loc. cit. From Juneau (Trelease, 2171); Muir Glacier (Trelease, 1909 in part). Numbers 1816, 2154 in part and 1831 are forms passing to var. fagimontanum. [2p7] THE MOSSES OF ALASKA 257 Dichodontium pellucidum kodiakanum var. nov. (PI. XIII, fig. 2°-».) Magnitudine D. flavescenti Lindb. simile, 5-8 centim. altum ; folia subintegra, apice late obtuso tantum sinuolata, rete vix papillose. From Kodiak (Trelease, 1848). D, pellucidum serratum Sch. (D '. jlavescens Lindb.) has been recorded from Alaska by Kindberg. Aongstroemia longipes Br. eur., fasc. 33-36, p. 3, pi. i. From Muir Glacier (Trelease, 2422, 2466, 2468) ; Hidden Glacier Inlet, in Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 2519). New to Alaska. Dicranella crispa Sch. Br. eur. Coroll., p. 13 . From Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 2334) ; St. Lawrence Island (J. M. Macoun) . Dicranella grevilleana Sch., loc. cit. From Port Clarence (Trelease, 2103). New to Alaska. Dicranella rufescens Sch., loc. cit. From Prince of Wales Island (J. M. Macoun). Dicranella heteromalla Sch., loc. cit. From Juneau (Trelease, 2180; Setchell, 1235); Farragut Bay (Coville and Kearney, 470) ; Kodiak (Trelease, 2206, 2213, 2214); Douglas Island (Trelease, 2405, 2407, 2411) ; Prince of Wales Island (J. M. Macoun) ; Yes Bay (Gorman, 182 in part, 183). Dicranella heteromalla orthophylla Lesq. & Jam. Manual, p. 67. From Sitka (Trelease, 2367); Kodiak (Trelease, 2197); Doug- las Island (Trelease, 2411). Dicranella heteromalla latinervis var. nov. A forma typica differt foliis brevius subulatis costaque latiore, circa i/l basis occupante. From Douglas Island (Trelease, 2389). D. squarrosa Sch. was recorded from Alaska, teste M. W. Harrington, by Lesquereux and James, and D. subulata Sch. and D. Polaris Kindb. from the islands of Bering Sea, teste Macoun, by Kindberg. The specimen received by us as D. subulata, from St. Lawrence Island is D. crispa. We have not seen any specimens of the other two species. Dicranum anderssonii Sch. Syn., ed. i, p. 689. From Port Wells (Trelease, 2277). New to Alaska. 2sj8 CARDOT AND THERIOT This moss undoubtedly belongs to D. anderssonii Sch. {Arctoa anderssonii Wich. in Flora, 1859, no. 27). In his second edition of the Synopsis, Schimper reunites it to D. hyperboreum, from which, however, it seems sufficiently distinct by its smaller, sub- globose capsule, turbinate after the fall of the lid, very shortly pedi- cellate and almost always surrounded and surpassed by the perichaatial leaves, and by the cells of the exothecium being smaller, with more solid and more colored walls. According to C. Jensen (Bryo- phyta of the Faeroes, in his Botany of the Faeroes, p. 159), the capsule of Dicranum anderssonii should be destitute of stomates, but in the Port Wells specimen all the capsules bear several stomates at the base of the very short neck. Dicranum starkei Web. & Mohr, Bot. Taschb., pp. 189, 471. From Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 2059) ; Disenchantment Bay (Brewer and Coe, 635). New to Alaska. Dicranum albicans Br. eur., fasc. 43, Suppl., pi. i. From Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 2059 in part) . New to Alaska. A form of greener tint than usual and with homomallous leaves. Dicranum strictum Schl. PI. crypt, helv., cent, in, no. 26. From Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 2331, 2336). Dicranum subflagellare sp. nov. (PI. xiii, fig. 3«-«.) A D. Jlagellari proximo differt defectu flagellarum, foliis erectis subfalcatis angustioribus parum flexuosis, brevioribus (2—2.5 rnillim.), acumine canaliculate non subtubuloso, marginibus dorsoque subintegro cellulisque inferioribus angustioribus, superioribus multo minoribus. Specimina pauca, sterilia. From Kodiak (Trelease, 1899). Dicranum elongatum Schl. PL crypt, helv., cent, m, no. 27. From Port Clarence (Trelease, 1867 in part, 2117, 2118) ; Kodiak (Trelease, 2503) ; St. Lawrence Island (Trelease, 1892, 1894, 1897 in part) ; St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 2170). Number 2503 is a short, stunted form, with nearly the facies of D. miquelonense Ren. & Card. Dicranum groenlandicum Brid. Mant. muse., p. 68. Bryol. univ., i, p. 460. From the Yukon River (W. H. Dall) ; Port Clarence (Trelease, 1867 in part). New to Alaska. [299] THE MOSSES OF ALASKA 259 Dicranum fuscescens Turn. Muse, hib., p. 60, pi. 5, f. i. From Yes Bay (Gorman, 184); Juneau (Brewer and Coe, 699^, 700); Skagway (Canby, 478); Wrangell (Trelease, 2317); White Pass, 3,000 ft. (Trelease, 2313); Farragut Bay (Trelease, 2416; Brewer and Coe, 617); Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 1763, 2340); Point Gustavus (Coville and Kearney, 777) ; La Perouse Glacier (Trelease, 2498) ; Sitka (U. S. S. Albatross, 53, 55 ; Canby, 458, 463 ; Trelease, 2359) ; Hot Springs (Trelease, 1914) ; Kodiak (Trelease, 1853) ; Douglas Island (Trelease, 1908, 2392) ; Port Wells (Trelease, 2282, 2288); Orca (Trelease, 1918, 1925, 2262; Setchell, 1213); New Metlakatla (Coville and Kearney, 364) ; Plover Bay, Siberia (Trelease, 1865). The Yes Bay specimen was associated with Mnium glabrescens Kindb. and Scapania sp. The Kodiak specimen (1853) is a paludal form, with entire, shorter, erect leaves. We must point out too a sterile form, collected on Unalaska Island by Mr. C. H. Townsend (U. S. S. Albatross exped., 43), which is very near D. muehlenbeckii Br. eur. var. brevifolium Lindb. The same form was found by Trelease on Hall Island (1907) . It differs from the European plant chiefly in having its leaves less flexuous when dry. Many authors separate D. congestum Brid. from D.fuscescensTnrn. but as it is almost impossible to find two descriptions of D. congestum which agree, we can infer that it is one of those species which every author understands in his own way, that is to say a very bad species ; and we deem it preferable to merely unite it with D. fuscescens. Dicranum dipteroneuron C. Mull, in Flora, 1887, p. 221. From valley of the Takhin River (Krause brothers). Dicranum scoparium Hedw. Fund, muse., n, p. 92, pi. 8, f. 41, 42. From Point Gustavus (Coville and Kearney, 772 in part.) A paludal form. Dicranum neglectum Jur. Laubm. fl., p. 47. Limpr. Laubm., i, p. 353. D. spadiceum ZETT. Muse, pyren., p. 30. From Port Clarence (Trelease, 1868) ; Sturgeon River Bay, Kodiak (Trelease, 1929); Unalaska (U. S. S. Albatross exped., 7